text:
Omari Akhmedov (born October 12, 1987) is a Russian professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Light Heavyweight division of Professional Fighters League (PFL). He previously fought in the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Background
Akhmedov was born on October 12, 1987 in the town of Kizlyar in modern-day Dagestan, Russia, in a Lak family and is a devout Sunni Muslim. Like many children in Dagestan, Akhmedov engaged in freestyle wrestling from a young age and would go on to hold an accomplished career in the sport before transitioning to MMA. Before his career in MMA, Akhmedov also had accomplished careers in combat sambo, as well as Russian hand-to-hand combat and Russian pankration.

Mixed martial arts career

Early career
Akhmedov made his professional MMA debut on January 30, 2010, when he faced Iskhan Zakharian at ProFC: Fight Night 2. He won the fight via rear-naked choke. Following this, Akhmedov would compile a professional record of 12–1 before being signed by the Ultimate Fighting Championship in September 2013.

Ultimate Fighting Championship
Akhmedov signed a four-fight deal with the UFC in September 2013.

In his promotional debut, Akhmedov faced Thiago Perpétuo  on November 9, 2013 at UFC Fight Night 32. It was a back-and-forth fight that saw both men rocked by punches before Akhmedov won the fight via knockout. The win also earned him his first  Fight of the Night bonus award. After the fight, Akhmedov expressed a desire to move down to welterweight.

In his welterweight debut, Akhmedov faced Gunnar Nelson on March 8, 2014 at UFC Fight Night: Gustafsson vs. Manuwa. He lost the fight via guillotine choke submission in the first round.

Akhmedov faced Mats Nilsson on January 3, 2015 at UFC 182. He won the fight by unanimous decision.

Akhmedov faced Brian Ebersole on June 6, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 68, replacing an injured Alan Jouban. He won the fight via TKO after Ebersole was unable to continue after the first round due to a knee injury sustained from a kick by Akhmedov.

Akhmedov was expected to face Lyman Good on December 10, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 80. However, Good was pulled from the bout in late October and was replaced by Sérgio Moraes.

Akhmedov next faced Elizeu Zaleski dos Santosi on April 16, 2016 at UFC on Fox 19. After arguably winning the first two rounds, Akhmedov was stopped via TKO in the third round. The back and forth action earned both participants Fight of the Night honors.

Akhmedov was tabbed as a short notice replacement for Dominique Steele and faced Kyle Noke on November 27, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 101. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

Akhmedov faced Abdul Razak Alhassan on May 28, 2017 at  UFC Fight Night 109. He won the fight by split decision.

Akhmedov faced Marvin Vettori on December 30, 2017 at UFC 219.  The back-and-forth fight ended in a majority draw.

Akhmedov was expected to face CB Dollaway on September 15, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 136. However, Akhmedov pulled out of the fight in early September and was replaced by promotional newcomer Artem Frolov.

Akhmedov faced Tim Boetsch on March 9, 2019 at UFC Fight Night 147. He won the fight by unanimous decision.

Akhmedov faced Zak Cummings on September 7, 2019 at UFC 242. He won the fight by unanimous decision.

Akhmedov faced Ian Heinisch on December 14, 2019 at UFC 245. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

Akhmedov faced Chris Weidman on August 8, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 174.
He lost the fight via unanimous decision.

Akhmedov was briefly linked to a rematch with  Marvin Vettori on December 12, 2020 at UFC  256. However, Akhmedov was removed from the bout in mid-October for undisclosed reasons.

Akhmedov was expected to face Tom Breese on January 16, 2021 at UFC on ABC 1. During fight week, the UFC opted to move the bout to UFC on ESPN: Chiesa vs. Magny. He won the bout via second round arm triangle submission.

Akhmedov faced Brad Tavares on July 10, 2021 at UFC 264.  He lost the fight via split decision.

After his bout with Tavares, it was announced on July 15th, that Akhmedov was released from the UFC.

Professional Fighters League
Akhmedov faced Jordan Young on October 27, 2021 at PFL 10. He lost the bout via TKO in the third round.

2022 season
Akhmedov faced Viktor Pešta on April 23, 2022 at PFL 1. He won the bout after knocking Pešta out in first round.

Akhmedov faced Teodoras Aukštuolis on June 17, 2022 at PFL 4. He won the bout after choking out Teodoras in the second round via arm-triangle choke.

Akhmedov was scheduled to face Antônio Carlos Júnior in the Semifinals off the Light Heavyweight tournament on August 5, 2022 at PFL 7. However, Antonio suffered an ACL injury requiring surgery, being replaced by Josh Silveira for the playoffs. Akhmedov won the bout via unanimous decision.

Akhmedov faced Rob Wilkinson in the finals of the Light Heavyweight tournament on November 25, 2022 at PFL 10. He lost the bout after the fight was stopped by the doctor due to a cut after the second round.

2023 season
Akhmedov was set to start the 2023 season against Will Fleury on April 1, 2023 at PFL 1. However, Akhmedov was forced to withdraw due to suffering an injury and was replaced by Krzysztof Jotko.

Championships and awards

Mixed martial arts
 Ultimate Fighting Championship
 Fight of the Night (Two times)

Pankration
Pankration Federation Russia
Russian National Pankration Champion (Two times)

Hand-to-hand combat
Russian Union of Martial Arts
Russian National Hand-to-Hand Combat Champion (Two times)

Sambo
Combat Sambo Federation of Russia
Dagestan Combat Sambo Champion

Mixed martial arts record

|-
|Loss
|align=center|24–8–1
|Rob Wilkinson
|TKO (doctor stoppage)
|PFL 10
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|New York City, New York, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|24–7–1
|Josh Silveira
|Decision (unanimous)
|PFL 7
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|New York City, New York, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|23–7–1
|Teodoras Aukštuolis
|Technical submission (arm-triangle choke)
|PFL 4
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|2:50
|Atlanta, Georgia, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|22–7–1
|Viktor Pešta
|KO (punches)
|PFL 1
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:25
|Arlington, Texas, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|21–7–1
|Jordan Young
|TKO (punches)
|PFL 10
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|1:32
|Hollywood, Florida, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|21–6–1
|Brad Tavares
|Decision (split)
|UFC 264
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|21–5–1
|Tom Breese
|Submission (arm-triangle choke)
|UFC on ESPN: Chiesa vs. Magny
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|1:41
|Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|20–5–1
|Chris Weidman
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: Lewis vs. Oleinik
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|20–4–1
|Ian Heinisch
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC 245
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|19–4–1
|Zak Cummings
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC 242
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|18–4–1
|Tim Boetsch
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: Lewis vs. dos Santos
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Wichita, Kansas, United States
|
|-
|Draw
|align=center|
|Marvin Vettori
|Draw (majority)
|UFC 219
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|17–4
|Abdul Razak Alhassan
|Decision (split)
|UFC Fight Night: Gustafsson vs. Teixeira
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|16–4
|Kyle Noke
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: Whittaker vs. Brunson
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Melbourne, Australia
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|15–4
|Elizeu Zaleski dos Santos
|TKO (punches and knees)
|UFC on Fox: Teixeira vs. Evans
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:03
|Tampa, Florida, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|15–3
|Sérgio Moraes
|TKO (punches)
|UFC Fight Night: Namajunas vs. VanZant
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:18
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|15–2
|Brian Ebersole
|TKO (knee injury)
|UFC Fight Night: Boetsch vs. Henderson
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|5:00
|New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 14–2
|Mats Nilsson
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC 182
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center| 13–2
|Gunnar Nelson
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|UFC Fight Night: Gustafsson vs. Manuwa
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 4:36
|London, England
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|13–1
|Thiago Perpétuo
|KO (punches)
|UFC Fight Night: Belfort vs. Henderson 2
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:31
|Goiânia, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|12–1
|Fabricio Nascimento
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|Nord Desant
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:53
|Yugra, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|11–1
|Rafal Haratyk
|KO (punch)
|Battle of Stars 1
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:26
|Makhachkala, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|10–1
|Sergey Karpov
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|Colosseum Battles Champions
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|4:58
|Ufa, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|9–1
|Aleksander Boyko
|Submission (triangle choke)
|Odessa Golden Cup
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:02
|Odessa, Ukraine
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|8–1
|Aliyor Isakov
|TKO (punches)
|Governors Cup: Saint Petersburg
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:05
|Saint Petersburg, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|7–1
|Talekh Nazhav-Zade
|TKO (punches)
|Governors Cup: Saint Petersburg
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:20
|Saint Petersburg, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|6–1
|Akbar Nabavizade
|TKO (punches)
|Governors Cup: Saint Petersburg
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:30
|Saint Petersburg, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|5–1
|Mikhail Istomin
|Submission (armbar)
|ProFC: Grand Prix Global Finals
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:22
|Volgograd, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|4–1
|Vladimir Semenov
|Decision (split)
|ProFC Grand Prix Global: Russia I
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|Volgograd, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|3–1
|Musa Arslangadzhiev
|TKO (punches)
|Urkarakh Fights
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:50
|Urkarakh, Russia
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|2–1
|Michail Tsarev
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|ProFC: Russia Cup Stage 2
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|4:29
|Ufa, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|2–0
|Magomed Umarov
|Decision (unanimous)
|Pancration Black Sea Cup
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|Anapa, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
|Ishkhan Zakharian
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
|ProFC: Fight Night 2
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:40
|Rostov-on-Don, Russia
|
|-

See also
 List of current PFL fighters
List of male mixed martial artists

References

External links

1987 births
Laks (Caucasus)
Dagestani mixed martial artists
Middleweight mixed martial artists
Living people
People from Kizlyar
Russian Muslims
Russian Sunni Muslims
Russian expatriates in the United States
Russian male mixed martial artists
Russian sambo practitioners
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
Mixed martial artists utilizing freestyle wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing sambo
Mixed martial artists utilizing ARB


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text:
24 temples, shrines in 6 prefectures vandalized by oily liquid
Apr. 11, 2015	05:00 pm JST	 Apr. 11, 2015 | 06:35 pm JST
The National Police Agency says that 24 temples and shrines in six prefectures have recently suffered from vandalism in which an oil-like substance was splattered onto walls.
In many cases, the targets were UNESCO World Heritage sites and national treasures, Fuji TV reported Saturday.
Nara prefecture had the most cases -- 14. The most recent damage was discovered at Todaiji Temple in Nara on Friday. Staff found in seven locations marks made by a similar oil-like substance that was used at other temples and shrines since February.
Stains were found on the South Gate, on the large wooden guardian statues and on the pedestal of the towering Daibutsu (Great Buddha). All these areas of Todaiji Temple are considered national treasures for their historical and cultural significance.
Other temples in the Kansai region that suffered from similar cases of vandalism include Nijo Castle (Kyoto) and the Tanukidanisan Fudoin Temple, also in Kyoto, at which four different areas of the compound were discovered to have been splattered with an oil-like substance, the NPA said. In Shizuoka, the Mishima Grand Shrine was vandalized.
Three sites in Chiba Prefecture, including Naritasan Shinshoji Temple, were damaged, police said.
© Japan Today
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Top things to do in Mie Prefecture
some14some
Apr. 11, 2015	04:50 pm JST
Very sad, even temples are not safe.
Infuriating. do they think it's the work of the same person/s? I recall a few years ago some nutter was going around vandalising churches and other places of worship in the Kansa region.
therougou
Apr. 12, 2015	12:16 am JST
The use of the word VANDALISM is an overkill. Oil-like substance was discovered. Doesn't seem like an overt thing. Another INNAPROPRIATE use of scare words.
It is vandalism. What else would you call it? This is not some exaggeration by English news sites, it was all over Japanese TV as well.
Staff found in seven locations marks made by a similar oil-like substance that was used at other temples and shrines since February.
Wish they had done something to prevent or catch the people doing this, if they knew it was going on elsewhere.
Disillusioned
Wow! Someone has a very black hobby! It makes me very sad to say it, but it's time big brother cameras were installed in temples and shrines to stop these nutters!
Christopher Blackwell
Someone has a grudge whether against religion or society. Certainly a very antisocial act. I would suspect teenager or early twenties, only because that is the most common age of this type of crime. However having gotten media attention, the person may increase their activities. Being famous will become as a matter of pride so I would suggest a person with very low self esteem. Meanwhile I hope they catch this person before it becomes worse.
I hope the person(s) who did this are caught & SOON! Utterly despicable behavior, whatever it is they have a problem with this NOT the answer!
Again I hope they are caught soon!
USGrant
This was done by Chinese tourists and has been reported on in the Chinese press in HK and China. This article and none of the comments even mention this fact...
The oil-like substance could be teen spirit.
Deodorant?
Japanese government should do more to protect it's cultural treasures. Perhaps Abe needs to set aside funds to protect such places & items. Heard of surveillance cameras & security guards? Can't be asking tourists to come if you can't even protect places & things they would most likely want to see.
HongoTAFEinmate
Talking about the vandalizing of temples, etc., it was interesting to note that NHK did bring up their own spotty record regarding such matters. Anyone remember those nails hammered into the walls at a well known UNESCO site down in Kyoto?
That should read "did not"
Jasen Durant
Some kind of accelerant?
nandakandamanda
USGrant, China assertion links?
Sabrage
Anthony Lawson
Data of over 8,000 at Mitsubishi Electric feared leaked in cyberattack
Apologetic ex-ministers, lawmakers keep quiet on details of scandals
Mother of 7-month-old girl who fell to her death arrested on suspicion of murder

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Texas Governor Faces Lawsuit, Under Fire Over Contact Tracing Deal, Mask Order
By Wade Goodwyn
In Texas, five conservative members of the state legislature are suing the governor, who's also a Republican. They accuse Gov. Greg Abbott of abusing his emergency powers during the pandemic. The lawsuit reflects a larger ideological power struggle between the right wing of the Texas GOP and Gov. Abbott. As NPR's Wade Goodwyn reports, the governor's decision to hold power close to his vest is making him unpopular with both Democrats and Republicans.
WADE GOODWYN, BYLINE: When the pandemic first hit Texas this spring, Gov. Greg Abbott earned pretty high marks as much as the state shut down, and he promised that data and medical science would guide its reopening. But as the country's economy fell off a cliff and President Trump began to forcefully agitate for the states to reopen, Abbott did on the 1 of May - measuredly at first, but soon Texas was back in business. When Democratic leaders wanted to continue to at least mandate masks, Abbott said no. And he vowed to sue any mayor or county executive who tried it.
LINA HIDALGO: So initially, I had the authority to issue a stay-home order, a restaurant order, a face-covering order. When the governor issued his reopening order, it included a provision removing that authority.
GOODWYN: Judge Lina Hidalgo is the Harris County chief executive who helps govern nearly 5 million people, including the city of Houston. Hidalgo says Abbott's refusal to allow local leaders to mandate any restrictions changed the public's perception of the virus's threat.
HIDALGO: As the governor was saying, OK, well, now you can go to the restaurants. And now you can go to the bars. And now you can go to the water park and the mall and indoor events. You know, my message continued to be, guys, please stay home. You know, minimize contact. But it's hard, right?
GOODWYN: The governor also refused to recall the Republican-dominated legislature into session. It was Abbott's show and no one else. For the first couple of weeks, Texas seemed OK. But after Memorial Day, that changed. Hospitals in Texas were suddenly deluged. COVID patients in the Rio Grande Valley had to be flown 800 miles to the Texas panhandle because there were no available hospital beds in between. Then, at the end of June, Vice President Mike Pence held a Celebrate Freedom rally at a Dallas megachurch with the choir singing unmasked before a congregation of 2,200, many of whom were also unmasked.
UNIDENTIFIED PERSON: Mr. Vice President, welcome to First Baptist Dallas. Appreciate you so much. God bless you.
VICE PRESIDENT MIKE PENCE: It is good to be back in church.
GOODWYN: After church, Pence and Greg Abbott held a Celebrate Freedom press conference at a Dallas hospital where they congratulated one another. Here's the governor.
(SOUNDBITE OF PRESS CONFERENCE)
PENCE: Sometimes, it's me calling him, sometimes, late at night or on a weekend. Other times, it will be him calling me, most recently on Father's Day.
GOODWYN: With Texas staring into the coronavirus abyss, the celebration at First Baptist generated a cacophony of condemnation, which may have had an effect. Just before Independence Day, and to the shock of his fellow Republicans, Abbott reversed himself and reissued a statewide mask mandate, and that's torn it for many Texas conservatives.
MICHAEL BERRY: You're seeing definitely his base turning against him. And I don't approve of what he's done. I call him Gov. Grab-It (ph) because I think he's in the middle of a power grab.
GOODWYN: Michael Berry is a conservative talk show host at KTRH in Houston and at 20 other radio stations. He says, since Abbott's mask mandate, eight Texas Republican county organizations have voted to censure the governor.
BERRY: For many people, the idea that you're going to dictate that they're going to put something on their face is anathema to their very existence. And people feel very passionately about it.
GOODWYN: Gov. Abbott's office did not respond to multiple requests for comment. A recent Quinnipiac poll showed his approval rating falling precipitously to 48%, yet 80% approve of his mask order. Dr. John Zerwas was on the governor's pandemic strike team.
JOHN ZERWAS: He's going to be recognized for having done the right thing, despite what political pressures might be pushed upon him, either from the right or the left. This is not going to be a very pretty several weeks. It hasn't been a very pretty several weeks and months. But it is going to come to an end.
GOODWYN: Texas remains a coronavirus hotspot. Almost 20% of all of the deaths in Texas from COVID-19 were reported just in the past week.
Wade Goodwyn, NPR News, Dallas. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
Wade Goodwyn
Wade Goodwyn is an NPR National Desk Correspondent covering Texas and the surrounding states.
See stories by Wade Goodwyn


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April 3, 2015 0 Should I Do Cardio Workouts on Weight Training Days?
The Russians enjoy a worldwide reputation for being very strong and fit. No wonder then that kettlebells being a Russian invention also enjoy the reputation of being called a great strength and conditioning equipment.
Of course now it's no longer restricted to Russians using them. People all over the world are using kettlebells and getting the best out of them. The best part of kettlebell training is that trainees are always using kettlebells for compound movements that offer a bigger bang for your buck. You will see trainees use kettlebells for snatches, cleans and presses rather than taking the 8 pound kettlebell and trying to concentrate curl it to isolate the biceps peak. No wonder then that kettlebells have the reputation of delivering great results in much less time for getting stronger, building muscle mass and losing fat when compared to other equipment. Of course the same can be achieved with basic barbells and dumbbells, but it all depends on how you use them.
Another thing that is very important is when you use a kettlebell or any other equipment, you must always focus on a few basic exercises and get REALLY GOOD at them rather than try to learn new exercises when you have not even learned the basics with the earlier ones. I often see trainees try to add 5 different exercises for a body part. For example, doing chest while still benching only 135 pounds. If you want to get strong and big, then get strong at the basic exercises like rows, chins, presses, squats and deadlifts, instead of adding a new exercises for each body part every 2 weeks.
What about arms, calves and forearms? There are no exercises in this routine that work those muscle groups directly! Well, in case you did not realize then let me tell you that this is not an exact bodybuilding routine. The idea of this routine is to help you build strength and get bigger and not to help you compete at Mr. Olympia. It's a kettlebell routine that will suit anyone who wishes to train naturally without the aid of drugs, plus it is a lot more time efficient since it won't demand 2 hours of your day, 5-6 times a week.
The important thing to remember is that you must lift heavy! No using just a 12 kg kettlebells forever and hope that you keep getting stronger. Lift heavier kettlebells as you progress. One thing that you will notice with heavy kettlebell lifting is that you will develop a stronger grip when compared to barbells and dumbbells. This is no place for soft and weak hands when you're doing kettlebell lifting. Now go and lift some heavy kettlebells! I want to hear your screams while doing so!
Arnav is a strength and fitness instructor based in India. He has completed his gym instructor certification from the American Council on Exercise (ACE). See my profile page for more information!


I love email. I love its flexibility, its instant gratification, its geographic indifference. I love that it doesn't hold a grudge against me for writing only a single sentence the same way a physical piece of paper accuses me with its very blankness. Fill me! screams the paper, regardless of whether I have anything meaningful left to say. I love the way email lends itself to conversations rather than reports and updates. I love the speed and agility it gives me to get things done.
And I hate it. I hate the barrage of unsolicited messages that assaults my inbox every day, every hour. I hate sifting through the junk to find the one important message I need to answer RIGHT NOW. I hate the way people or companies I don't know invade my space when whatever they're trying to sell has no relevance to my daily routine. Make. It. Stop.
I can make it stop, or most of it anyway. Companies aren't allowed to keep people on their email lists who don't want to be there. It's against the law. Violations can carry hefty fines, so the legit businesses are good about following the rules. They have to provide a way to unsubscribe in every one of those commercial emails they send.
That means that I have the power to stop them. Then why, oh why, have I let this keep happening? Even after reading a post from a fellow blogger about clearing her electronic clutter, I still didn't take action for weeks. Quite simply, it was easier to simply hit delete every time I received an unwanted email than to open it, scroll to the bottom, and click unsubscribe. Well, easier in the moment, but not in the long run.
For the last few days, I've been on a campaign to rationalize my inbox. Although there may be some perverted sense of self-importance to being able to say (with a sigh), Ugh, I had to sift through over 200 emails today, it's not worth the time wasted on the junk. Besides that, everyone knows that 85% of those 200 emails are junk anyway.
Even though it takes a (tiny) bit more time to do the unsubscribe dance, let me tell you, it's worth it. Several dozen (a hundred?) unsubscribes later, I find myself less distracted by junk and better able to focus on the stuff that matters. I can go back to loving email. Has it really been that simple all along?
Last week I paid a visit to our new company headquarters, which is starting to look ready for our planned mid-summer inhabitation. Because of my involvement with the project, I've actually had a pretty good handle on the building's progress all along. Even so, something about this visit really grabbed me. The building just seemed so much bigger.
With walls finished and furniture installed, somehow the building seemed more impressive than when the ground was staked. Or when the frame went up. Or when interior walls were nothing but studs. How does that work?
It seems counterintuitive to think that filling a space will make it feel bigger. Shouldn't adding boundaries make it feel smaller, more confining? Apparently not always.
As I thought about it, I got a bead on deconstructing the phenomenon. When the project was an empty field, and later when the footer was poured and the frame erected, so much of the building was left to my imagination. How could that footprint house more than 200 people? How could that many workspaces fit inside that very finite shell? My mind was left to fill in the gaps, to paint the rest of the picture.
The more of the building that went up, the less my mind had to fill in. On last week's visit, I could clearly see where all those people would fit. I could imagine my colleagues and me bustling about. I knew exactly where our equipment would be tested. And with the structure nearly finished, I could easily compare it to our current digs.
I think that's the key. Most of us need a point of reference before we can really make sense of our surroundings. Even if the new thing is wildly different than anything we've experienced before, we still need that what-we've-experienced-before baseline to understand that it IS wildly different. We need a way to put it into context.
If you've got the time (about 17 minutes), take a gander at this video clip, Thinking inside the box. Dan Heath explains better than I ever could that sometimes it takes knowing the boundaries to really unlock our potential. Instead of closing us in, sometimes the walls actually open us up.
I hurt my back. I don't know how I did it, but a couple of days ago, I felt the mushy disk that I usually keep under control break free. It slid out of its designated spot between two vertebrae (I can name them, if you're interested) and settle comfortably on a nerve. Well, comfortably for the disk anyway.
For the rest of the night and half of the next day, I babied it. I cut my run short and hobbled gingerly about my business. At work, I slouched to accommodate the sore spot. I tried not to do much that involved lifting or movement. Sitting was uncomfortable, so I rigged up a tall workspace and stood for the rest of the day.
Instead of curling up like a threatened pill bug, I needed to stretch out. I needed to stand tall and straight. I even needed to do a few exercises that pulled against the sore place. My (terrific) physical therapist taught me this a few years ago when I faced this malady the first time, but I had forgotten.
Of course, I had forgotten because those things don't feel normal. It's not intuitive to move into the pain; my primal brain tells me to Flee! Flee! Flee! Move AWAY from the pain, and fast! Naturally, that's what I did. And naturally, it didn't help.
When rational thought started to seep through the cracks of my discomfort, I heard the voice of my PT in my head. I pushed through the hobble and pulled myself straighter when I walked. Amazingly, it eased the pain. The more I hunched over, the more I hurt. The straighter I stood, the less I hurt. Make way for sanity, Tammy.
So often, the solution to a problem lies in taking the action that is the least natural. (If it were that easy, it wouldn't be a problem, right?) If your back hurts, resist the urge to curl into a ball. If you start sliding on the ice, steer into the skid. If your argument isn't working, change your approach, not your volume. If you feel threatened in your job, open up and add value, don't protect your turf. When change is on the horizon, forge ahead, don't circle the wagons.
If solutions were simply reflexive, we'd have no worries. We wouldn't have to do anything but react from that primal node of our brains. For better or for worse, life is more complex than that. More often than not, the solution that works best is the one that feels the least natural. The next time you're in a tough spot, resist the reflex and reflect.
Oh yeah–once I started following my own advice, my back started feeling better. Funny how that works.
As I contemplated what to write today, my mind repeatedly drifted back to a concept I played with some time ago: the power words carry not only with their presence, but also with their absence. Perhaps particularly with their absence.
I know how to deal in words. I can use them to soothe, intrigue, challenge, impress, or offend. I can pummel people with them or use them to deflect their targeted blows. Words celebrate, congratulate, contemplate, and correlate. They accuse, defend, justify, and exonerate. They empower and emasculate, deify and humble, elect and depose. Words can do anything.
Maybe it's just me, but I find the silence left in their absence to be absolutely crushing. Like the heavy air that builds before a storm, the intentional withdrawal of words oppresses me.
Few people will argue that words can be weapons. But many forget that withholding them can be deadly, too.
Use them wisely. And don't use them wisely.
***Apparently I'm riffing on an old theme. For more of the same, read my 2011 post, The sound of silence.


Decorated with an impressive mushroom design on the stem, this clear 5 inch spoon pipe by Liberty 503 Glass is one of a kind. Sandblasted and fumed glass blends layers of color, creating 3D designs you can feel in your hand. Deep bowl lets you pack a mega hit. Hand blown using only borosilicate glass. Made in the USA.


Description: Four beautiful girls, four pairs of astonishingly huge breasts and four juicy pussies ready for a gently touch. Welcome to a fresh new Czech VR lesbian video. You loved seeing Crystal Swift, Florane Russell, Chloe Lamour and Blanche Bradburry in our previous VR experience, so we brought them back for more! This time you will watch while they play with each other and this alone should be more than enough to give you the wildest wet dreams you ever had!


text:
Q: How to define this hasManyThrough relation? I have the following models. Event belongs to a Casefile. Casefile and User are many-to-many.
class Casefile extends Model
{
    public function users()
    {
        return $this->belongsToMany(User::class)->withTimestamps();
    }

    public function events()
    {
        return $this->morphMany('App\Event', 'casefile');
    }
}

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    public function casefiles()
    {
        return $this->belongsToMany(Casefile::class)->withTimestamps();
    }
}

class Event extends Model
{
    public function casefile()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo('App\Casefile');
    }

    public function users()
    {
        return $this->hasManyThrough('App\User', 'App\Casefile');
    }
}

When I try to:
App\Event::find(526)->users()->get();

It gives:

Illuminate/Database/QueryException with message 'SQLSTATE[42S22]:
  Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'casefiles.event_id' in 'field
  list' (SQL: select users.*, casefiles.event_id from users
  inner join casefiles on casefiles.id = users.casefile_id
  where casefiles.event_id = 526)'

How can I define the "Event has many Users" relation through Casefile?

A: It's not possible to use HasManyThrough here without a pivot model for the casefile_user table.
You can define a BelongsToMany relationship instead:
public function users()
{
    return $this->belongsToMany('App\User', 'casefile_user', 'casefile_id', null, 'casefile_id');
}

A: If you not followed laravel naming convention for column name. Then you can specify your column name like this
public function users()
    {
        return $this->hasManyThrough(
            'App\User',
            'App\Casefile',
            'event_id', // Foreign key on casefiles table...
            'user_id', // Foreign key on users table...
        );
    }

For more Laravel HasManyThrough Relationship

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Xolotl (Herre af aftenstjernen) er i aztekisk mytologi den gud der hjælper de afdøde på deres rejse til underverdenen Mictlan.

Eksterne henvisninger

 The Gods and Goddesses of the Aztecs

Guder

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Aldo Banovac (Pula, 7. lipnja 1931. – Pula, 13. rujna 1982.), hrvatski boksač iz Pule.

Životopis

Rođen u Puli. Bio je prvak Hrvatske 1950. u perolakoj i 1960. u poluvelter kategoriji, boksački reprezentativac Hrvatske i Jugoslavije. Nakon 20 godina aktivne karijere bio je trener u Boksačkom klubu Pula, te je dobio naslov zaslužnoga športaša Istre. Korektan u borbi, izgradio je izvanrednu tehniku i koristio se snažnim udarcima. Jedan od omiljenih pripadnika velike pulske boksačke zajednice, koji je s Aldom Buršićem 1964. utemeljio školu boksa za mladež i idućih godina odgojio niz naraštaja vrhunskih boksača na čelu s Matom Parlovom. Do smrti u pulskom klubu bio učitelj boksa.

Izvori

Životopisi, Pula
Hrvatski boksači


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Note that, you will face a lot of dangerous obstacles and deadly traps on the way. For example, with the running mode, you have to control your duck to run as fast as possible and overcome all challenges on the track. In addition, another important task for you is to collect gold coins and useful items to increase energy and power in the race. Try your best to complete all tasks in the shortest time and earn the highest score in the game as Duck life , Duck life 3, Duck life 4 at http://www.y8y8y8.games/. What are you waiting for? Check it out right now!
The players can use arrow keys to control your duck on the race track.


text:
Het Ca' d'Oro ('gouden huis') (Palazzo Santa Sofia), staat in Venetië aan het Canal Grande.

Het paleis werd in opdracht van Mario Contarini in 1424-1434 gebouwd in gotische stijl, die in die tijd in Venetië nog zeer populair was. Het heeft een rijkelijk versierd interieur met uitzicht vanuit de loggia's (balkons) op het Canal Grande. Op de eerste en tweede verdieping bevindt zich het museum Galleria Franchetti, met een imposante verzameling schilderijen zoals de Sint Sebastiaan van Andrea Mantegna. In 1840 schonk de Russische prins Troebetskoi het paleis aan de ballerina Maria Taglioni die allerlei veranderingen aanbracht. Deze vernieuwingen werden door Giorgio Franchetti, de laatste private eigenaar van het paleis, weer grotendeels ongedaan gemaakt. Franchetti liet het paleis na zijn dood in 1922 na aan de Italiaanse staat. Sinds 1927 is het een museum.

Zoals bijna alle Venetiaanse paleizen, behalve het Dogepaleis, worden ze met 'ca' aangeduid, in plaats van met 'palazzo'. Ca is een verkorting van het Venetiaanse (en Italiaanse) woord 'casa' dat huis betekent. Tegenwoordig worden sommige andere paleizen echter wel met 'palazzo' aangeduid.

Externe links
 Galleria Giorgio Franchetti
 Ca' d'Oro
 Satellite image from Google Maps

Paleis in Venetië


text:
Hisarya (en ), également connue sous les noms de Hisar, Hissar ou Hissarya, anciennement Toplitsa, en latin : Diocletianopolis ou Augusta, est une ville balnéaire de Bulgarie située dans la province (oblast) de Plovdiv et qui fait partie de l'obchtina de Khisarya.

Géographie
Établie à la périphérie de la chaîne de montagnes Sredna Gora, la ville a un climat très doux. Plus d'un vingtaine de sources d'eau minérale attirent les touristes, tant bulgares qu'étrangers.

En 2015, la ville comptait une population de .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Ville en Bulgarie


text:
Why I Support Don Perata (Part II)
tags: don perata, jean quan, oakland politics, political science, rebecca kaplan
Part II of an occasional series. Part I here.
One of the big problems with the Dellums administration is that, from the start, Mayor Dellums has delegated governing the city to the city administrator and the city council. The city council, of course, is the city's legislative body, and is not supposed to be "governing" the city in a strict, political science sense.
(In political science we define "the government" to be the elected executives and the heads of departments and agencies, who are temporarily in charge of directing the apparatus of the state. So, for instance the British cabinet is the UK's government, and President Obama and his cabinet make up the current US government. The legislature is something different.)
And while the city charter does task the city administrator with executive authority because he or she directs the department heads, the charter also established a strong-mayor system in which the city administrator serves at the pleasure of the mayor. Having both a strong mayor and a city administrator doesn't really make sense to me, since it allows the mayor to be as much or as little engaged as the mayor wants. The mayor can tell the administrator what to do, or withdraw and put all governing responsibility on the administrator, in a way that the mayor could not do to a chief of staff or deputy mayor.
In strong mayor systems without a city administrator, like San Francisco, New York, or Los Angeles, the mayor's role is perfectly clear: she is unambiguously the chief executive, and doesn't have a co-executive with charter responsibilities. When something gets fucked up in these cities' governments, then the mayor gets blamed and can't blame anyone else.
Not so in Oakland, where just recently Ron Dellums defined his position thusly:
Tuesday marked Dellums' first public statements on the budget, even though the council has been trying to figure out for months how to eliminate what is now a $30.5 million deficit. He insisted, however, that he had not been "missing in action."
Dellums said that he had been deeply involved in budget discussions with City Administrator Dan Lindheim, who has been talking with council members, union leaders and community members.
Dellums said that it was not his responsibility to negotiate details with council members or unions.
"I'm the master strategist," Dellums said. "My job is to establish strategy, to establish the policy framework within which those negotiations would take place. And I have assiduously and diligently and coherently done just that."
Dellums added, "I have been briefed to the max. It would seem to me that to the most casual observer, that I'm totally in command of what it is we're trying to do. My job is to direct."
And showing up at City Hall is not a requirement, said Dellums, who is frequently absent from the mayor's office.
"In the world of computers and the world of telephones and the world of faxes, you can do this job anywhere," he said.
Anyway, this quirk in our charter allowed Ron Dellums, over the past four years, to delegate his duties to and deflect blame onto the city administrator.
While this situation suggests the need for charter reform, it certainly demands that our next mayor be a strong, hands-on executive who will not delegate, or will not be forced to delegate.
Reason Number Two: Real Executive Leadership
The second reason I support Don Perata for mayor is that he will not delegate his duties as mayor. He is a hands-on leader. He is a public executive. His managerial experience means that he will not be forced to delegate his duties, as Jean Quan and Rebecca Kaplan inevitably would, following in the footsteps of Ron Dellums' failed administration.
Don Perata's Executive Leadership Experience
Don Perata has held a variety of executive leadership positions both inside and outside of government. Most obviously he served as Senate Majority Leader and then Senate President in the California legislature. In these roles, he had both constitutional leadership duties and party leadership duties. He was forced to make tough, often zero-sum decisions about funding, programs, short- and long-term goals, that ultimately reconciled the wishes of his caucus and plotted a path forward for the state.
Senator Perata has also served on and chaired the board of successful non-profits, like OPLP, and run his own political consulting firm. In less formal leadership roles, he has championed many legislative struggles, and directed several successful local and statewide initiative campaigns. While he has worked as a legislator most of his career, he served as the executive leader in these legislative bodies and also outside them.
The Other Candidates
Jean Quan has served as chairwoman of the budget committee of the city council. She has also served on the board of at least one non-profit. I can't find any record of her chairing any committees while on the school board. On her website, she claims to have "led state and national organizations advocating for urban and immigrant students," but doesn't name the state and national organizations that she led. I would like to hear more!
I can find no evidence that Rebecca Kaplan has served in an executive leadership position in any prior position. I believe she served as a transit advocate prior to being a marijuana legalization advocate. I think she also worked on the political campaign for the inclusive housing ordinance, but did not lead that effort. As far as I can tell, she was not the chairwoman of any committee on the AC transit board [correction: in comments, V-Smoothe tells us that Kaplan was Board Vice-President, as well as Chair of the External Affairs, Operations, Paratransit Service Policy, and Finance Committees.], and isn't currently the chairwoman of any committee on the city council. Of course, she had only been on the city council for a year when she decided to run for mayor.
Kaplan's official bio essentially confirms this: she "helped to bring", "worked to improve", has "a strong commitment to", etc. As far as my research shows, whatever leadership she displayed or accomplishments she claims to have achieved were essentially in an informal capacity. In other words, as an advocate not as an executive.
(Incidentally, I encourage supporters of these other candidates to send me examples of executive leadership that I can post in this entry.)
Executive vs. Advocate
As I conceive it, the main difference between a policy advocate and a public executive is that executives have to make tough decisions regarding personnel, budgets, and policy that advocates mainly don't. Many of these decisions are zero-sum—that is, they create losers as well as winners. That's why they're tough decisions. Every dollar you spend on X, means that you can't spend that dollar on Y.
Advocates, on the other hand, rarely advocate cutting Y—they just want more of X. That's fine. And advocates are an important part of our system. But the leadership skills that come from being an advocate are not the same as the leadership skills that are needed to be an effective public executive.
During the most recent budget scuffle, I think Jean Quan has at least showed a bit of leadership by being willing to cut police services. Although I don't agree with her position, Quan has nonetheless been involved in the negotiations with Councilors De La Fuente and Jane Brunner, and the city administrator, and the police union.
Rebecca Kaplan has not been involved, voted against the cuts, but hasn't offered any immediate alternatives. If she is mayor, will Kaplan just delegate her duties similar to Ron Dellums? Who will negotiate with the unions? Will she rely on the city council to negotiate, like Dellums did? What programs will she cut? What hard decisions is she prepared to make? We just don't know, given her lack of previous executive experience. As voters, we have no clues as to how she would govern in difficult times.
Perhaps Jean Quan and Rebecca Kaplan will be outstanding executives, but certainly we can't rely on their background to give us any indication. Which to me, given the budget problems that Oakland faces and the difficult choices we have to make over the next few years, is an unacceptable risk.
from → Oakland Politics, Political Science, Public Policy
← Bombings in Kampala
Wasted Week →
V Smoothe permalink
George, I think it's wonderful that you've started this blog to make a case for your preferred Mayoral candidate. I look forward to reading more of your thoughts over the next few months.
I would advise you, however, if you want your posts to be seen as credible, to try to be a bit more thorough in your research (or at least make some attempt to do a little perfunctory research) before making assertions about the backgrounds of other candidates. It took me less than five minutes of looking online at AC Transit archives to see that during her tenure on the AC Transit Board of Directors, Rebecca Kaplan served as Board Vice-President, as well as Chair of the External Affairs, Operations, Paratransit Service Policy, and Finance Committees.
There are additional errors in your background paragraphs both Kaplan and Quan, although I don't have the time to catalog them all. I would caution, in the future, that if you don't want to take the time to look for information about the other candidates, a more accurate way to present your assumptions about their history would be something along the lines of "I don't know of" or "I'm not aware of." Phrases like "can't find any record" imply to the reader that you've taken the time to look for said record, which obviously isn't the case here.
George permalink*
Hey, V., thanks for the comment and correction. I will edit the post to reflect this additional information. I'm sorry that you think these errors make this post and me uncredible, and that they gave you the wrong impression that my research was perfunctory. I used Lexis-Nexis and Martindale Hubble, did a quick public records search, pursed page after page of Google links, and of course looked at campaign websites. I didn't think to go into the AC transit website itself, thinking that was thorough enough (or that committee positions would get scooped up by teh google).
As I said in my inaugural post, I want this blog to be truthful and fair. I think my characterizations of the various candidates' relative executive experience holds; of course, you disagree. And thanks for the scolding about credibility and verbiage—I'll try not to take it personally.
No worries, George. Looking at AC Transit archives was the first thing that came to my mind. I went to archive.org and plugged in AC Transit's website, then just looked at their page about Boards and Committees for each year during Kaplan's time on the Board. Another way to get the same information that would also be fairly quick, but probably take longer than the way I did it, would be to go through Board and Board Committee agendas, which are all archived in PDF format on the website going back to I think around 2000 and list members and chair. The reason you didn't find anything in Lexis Nexis or Google is because AC Transit gets almost no media coverage. Articles about the Board are rare enough, and I can't recall ever reading one about an AC Transit Committee.
In any case, I strongly agree that leadership skills are an important quality for whoever becomes Oakland's next Mayor, although I don't buy that Perata is the only candidate that possess them. I can think of a lot of reasons I would not to see Jean Quan end up in the Mayor's office, but lack of leadership experience is definitely not one of them. The woman is a go-getter. As far as the specific examples you asked for go, there are plenty in the bio on her website. An abbreviated list taken from there includes experience as Chair of the Alameda County Waste Management Authority, Chair of the Alameda County Source Reduction and Recycling Board, Chair of the Chabot Space & Science Center Board, membership on the Board of Safe Passages, Oakland's representative to the League of California Cities, vice-chair of the Central Cities Council, vice-chair of the Local Government Commission, Chair of the Council of Urban Boards of Education of the National School Board Association, membership on the Executive Committee of the Council of Great City Schools, and president of the Association of California Urban School Districts.
also, sorry for approving this comment slowly. internet sux here, and I'm only online every once in a while.
Jose Cox permalink
So we've established that Kaplan has some experience on a board for running buses. Hardly a resume that qualifies to run a city – let alone a city with Oakland's challenges – but I guess it's something. At least, it's a small step up from Jean Quan's record of destroying everything that she touches.


text:
High power continuous wave second harmonic generation in a phase matching insensitive MgO doped LiNbO3 waveguide
Guohui Li and Yanxia Cui
Guohui Li* and Yanxia Cui
Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, China
*Corresponding author: liguohui@tyut.edu.cn
G Li
Y Cui
Guohui Li and Yanxia Cui, "High power continuous wave second harmonic generation in a phase matching insensitive MgO doped LiNbO3 waveguide," Opt. Express 25, 29225-29232 (2017)
Photorefractive inhibition of second harmonic generation in periodically poled MgO doped LiNbO3 waveguide (OE)
Broadband quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO3 at the communications band (OL)
Broadening of the second-harmonic phase-matching bandwidth in a temperature-gradient-controlled periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 channel waveguide (OE)
Nonlinear Optics
Green lasers
Nonlinear optical crystals
Second harmonic generation
Lithium niobate (130.3730)
Wavelength conversion devices (130.7405)
Harmonic generation and mixing (190.2620)
Original Manuscript: June 21, 2017
3. Results and discussions
This paper reports an efficient method of using a chirped grating to reduce the phase-matching sensitivity and increase the output power of continuous wave second harmonic generation in a MgO doped LiNbO3 waveguide. It was found that using a chirped grating with decreasing periods from 6.96 μm to 6.95 μm significantly improved the phase mismatch tolerance and increased the second harmonic generation output power from 0.64 W (using uniform grating) to 1.13 W. This design was shown to lead to a phase matching insensitive waveguide. This indicates that there is a possibility of obtaining higher output power with the MgO doped LiNbO3 waveguide.
Second harmonic generation (SHG) has received much attention because it provides an efficient way for green and blue light generation [1–3], high-resolution imaging [4–6] and optical signal processing [7–9]. SHG occurs when a laser beam incidents upon a material with a nonzero second order susceptibility and has been demonstrated in various materials [10–12]. Among these materials, periodically poled 5 mol.% MgO doped LiNbO3 (PPMgLN) is the most promising one for realizing highly efficient and compact blue and green lasers with moderate output power and good beam quality. It is of great interest because of the combined advantage of a large nonlinear coefficient and a good compatibility with waveguide fabrication process [13–15]. Two-dimensional spatial confinement provided by the waveguide significantly reduces the power required for highly efficient SHG [16]. However, it has been found that the SHG process using this material is inhibited for applications with relatively high power [14, 17].
The inhibition can be interpreted by the dephasing theory that absorptions induced inhomogeneous temperature rising and laser induced inhomogeneous refractive index changing result in considerable inhomogeneous phase mismatch in the irradiated zone. The phase mismatch will dramatically decrease the energy conversion from fundamental wave to SHG wave. For example, our past work reveals that inhibition of high power SHG in a PPMgLN waveguide is a result of significant phase mismatch induced by the photorefractive effect and the thermal effect along their radiated zone [18]. Great efforts have been made to minimize the inhibition of high power second harmonic generation in PPMgLN [19–26].
One way to minimize the inhibition is to broaden the bandwidth of second harmonic generation by chirped gratings. Basedon nonlinear coupled mode equations and undepleted pump approximation, Suhara et al. found that phase-matching bandwidth can be effectively broadened by appropriate design of chirped gratings [20].Since realizing a broadband device with a linearly chirped grating needs to ensure the smallness of change(~100 picometer) in the grating periods, Tehranchi et al. proposed a step-chirped grating which is engineered to highly broaden the bandwidth with larger step changes in the chirped period [21]. Although chirped gratings can increase the spectral or thermal bandwidth of the SHG, the conversion of fundamental wave into SHG wave becomes inefficient. Baranova et al. proposed an adiabatic SHG to resolve the bandwidth-efficiency tradeoff based on undepleted pump approximation [22]. Based on an analytical theory of SHG in a generic nonuniform second order nonlinear medium, Yaakobi et al. showed that by varying the properties of the medium gradually enough, the system can enter an autoresonant state in which the phases of the fundamental wave and of the SHG wave are locked [23].Subsequently, comprehensive physical models of adiabatic three-wave mixing were developed without using the undepleted pump approximation [24, 25]. The removal of undepleted pump restriction enables the exploration of adiabatic process in the fully nonlinear dynamic regime of nonlinear optics. Recently, Leshem et al. experimentally studied fully nonlinear adiabatic process by implementation in type I and type II SHG in two KTP nonlinear crystals [26].In an adiabatic SHG, the initial phase mismatch should be large enough so that nonlinear coupling is negligible and the rate of variation of the phase mismatch is sufficiently slow [25].To realize full conversion in adiabatic SHG, the signal intensities should be several orders of magnitude higher than the damage limits signal intensities under continuous-wave (CW) illumination, which makes the adiabatic CW SHG inefficient. Besides, these studies focused on a SHG with phase mismatch much smaller than the bandwidth. Although the bandwidth of the SHG can be very large, the efficiency is very low for CW operation due to the low damage limits signal intensity, which is ~2 MW/cm2 at 532 nm [27]. However, little attention has been paid to the selection of an appropriate linearly chirped grating for minimizing the inhibition of CW SHG to improve the conversion efficiency.
The present paper presents a theoretical investigation on phase mismatch insensitive high power CW SHG by a coupled model in which phase mismatch from thermal dephasing and photorefractive effect are included. On basis of this model, it then describes the use of chirped gratings with linearly decreasing grating periods to reduce the sensitivity of PPMgLN waveguides to phase-matching conditions and maintain the SHG conversion efficiency. We found that the chirped gratings significantly reduced the sensitivity of the waveguide to phase mismatch in which the full width at half maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of the temperature tuning curve increased from 2.4 °C to 11.7 °C and the SHG output power increased from 0.64 W to 1.13 W.
The current investigation involved analyzing the use of linearly chirped gratings to reduce the sensitivity of a PPMgLN waveguide to phase-matching and meanwhile increase the SHG output power. The PPMgLN waveguide has been widely used for highly efficient SHG [20, 28]. Frequency doubling of a 1064 nm CW laser with a PPMgLN waveguide was modeled and then calculated with a three dimensional coupled model equation. This method has been used for analyzing the inhibition phenomena occurred in PPMgLN waveguides [18], which can simulate the effect of photorefraction and heating upon the SHG. In this study, we chose a similar waveguide as the one we employed in the previous work. Thus, we can compare the results obtained in this study with that obtained in the previous one. As shown in Fig. 1(a), the waveguide is a periodically poled Y-cut 5% mol. MgO doped LiNbO3 ridge waveguide [17, 18]. A polished PPMgLN crystal is bonded directly on the LN substrate. An airgap boundary, formed under the ridge structure, separates the PPMgLN waveguide from the LN substrate and performs strong confinement in the depth direction. The waveguide has a length l of 11.5 mm, a width of 5 μm and a height of 4 μm. It was chosen because notable inhibition of SHG has been observed for a fundamental power higher than 0.6 W [17]. The refractive index of the LN substrate can be found in [29].The normalized conversion efficiency used in this paper is 199%/W cm2 which was determined through an experiment [17]. During the fabrication of the periodic structures, errors may be introduced in it [30]. Period errors that may affect a temperature acceptance bandwidth can be controlled very well with the rapid development of PPLN [14]. Therefore, we assumed that period errors were well controlled in this study. Fabrication errors that only change the conversion efficiency were taken into account in the normalized conversion efficiency in our calculation.
Fig. 1 (a) Schematic diagram of a chirped grating; (b) The dependence of SHG power P2ω on the grating period ΛE at the end facet of the waveguides at a fundamental power of 1.5 W.
A waveguide with a linearly chirped grating was designed and then calculated for the SHG. As is known, the increase in SHG power along the z direction will result in an increase refractive index difference between SHG wave and fundamental wave [17, 18]. According to quasi-phase matching condition, the wave vector mismatch caused by the material dispersion should be compensated by the grating wave vector [30]. Hence, a larger grating wave vector is required to compensate the wave vector mismatch caused by material dispersion in the rear of the waveguide. The waveguide was designed to have linearly decreasing grating periods so that the grating has relatively larger wave vectors in the rear of the waveguide. This makes the grating could better compensate the wave vector mismatch of the whole waveguide. As shown in Fig. 1(a), the grating periods linearly vary from ΛF at the front facet to ΛE at the end facet. Since the wave vector mismatch is mainly caused by the second harmonic wave [18], the grating period ΛF at the front facet is set to 6.96 μm aiming to satisfy the quasi-phase matching condition at a temperature of 34 °C. The grating period ΛE at the end facet of the waveguide varied from 6.80 μm to 6.95 μm as shown in Fig. 1(b).The wavelength and temperature dependent Sellmeier equation for 5% MgO-doped CLN was taken from [31]. It is valid for0.5–4 μm spectral range and 20–200 °C temperature range.
Data obtained in previous studies using models with no phase mismatch approximation indicates that sufficient intense signal are required to achieve high efficiency in broadband SHG using linear chirped poling periods [20–26]. According to Leshem et al., a pump intensity as high as ~486 MW/cm2 was required to achieve a SHG conversion efficiency of 60% in a periodically poled KTP crystal with poling periods varied between 8.6 μm to 9.2 μm [26]. In our study, phase mismatch insensitive high power SHG was investigated by using a 3D thermal-optical model in which phase mismatch from thermal dephasing and photorefractive effect are taken into account [18]. This model has also been proven by comparing the simulation results with the experimental results in that paper. The calculated SHG powers were compared with that of the waveguide with uniform grating periods. Figure 1(b) shows the dependence of SHG power on the grating period ΛE at a fundamental power of 1.5 W. Each of the SHG power shown in Fig. 1(b) was maximized by optimizing the waveguide temperature.
As can be seen in Fig. 1(b), the SHG power first increased and then decreased with the increasing ΛE, and a peak SHG power which is around 1.13 W appeared at ΛE = 6.95 μm. The corresponding SHG intensity was below the damage threshold (~2 MW/cm2) of 5 mol.% MgO doped LiNbO3 at 532 nm [22]. As the ΛE decreased to 6.94 μm, the SHG power declined to ~1.08 W. The SHG power decreased with the decreasing ΛE. At ΛE = 6.80μm, it declined to 0.22 W. To evaluate the effect of a chirped grating upon the SHG output power, we compared the SHG power versus fundamental power of the waveguide WL with ΛE = 6.95 μm with that of the waveguide WU with uniform grating period as shown in Fig. 2(a). Since the damage limits signal intensity is ~2 MW/cm2 [27], the maximum pump power was limited to 1.5 W. The curve of SHG power versus fundamental power for the waveguide WU below a fundamental power of 1 W was in good agreement with experimental results [17, 18].
Fig. 2 (a)The dependence of SHG power P2ω on the fundamental power Pω of the waveguide with ΛE = 6.95 μm; (b) The temperature tuning curve of the SHG at a fundamental power of 0.2 W (solid diamonds) and 1.5 W (solid circles).
In Fig. 2(a), it can be seen that the SHG power generated by the waveguide WL with the linearly chirped grating was significantly higher than that by waveguide WU using uniform grating for a fundamental power above 0.7 W. As the SHG process was inhibited by increasing phase mismatch in the WU for fundamental above 0.3 W, the conversion of the energy from the fundamental wave to SHG wave became less efficient [18]. The SHG process of the WL was almost not affected by the phase mismatch and the SHG power increased steadily with increasing fundamental power as compared with that of WU. Therefore, the difference between the SHG power of WL and WU became greater with the increasing fundamental power. At a fundamental power of 1.5 W, the SHG power of WL increased to 1.13 W which was ~77% higher than that of WU.
The prior work done by Jedrzejczyk et al. indicates that the SHG using uniform grating is quite sensitive to temperature variation at high fundamental power [17]. For example, it showed that the FWHM width of the temperature tuning curve of SHG at Pω = 0.747 W was ~45.8% narrower than that of SHG at Pω = 0.162 W [17]. The narrowed FWHM width was a result of the photorefractive effect and the thermal effect induced imhomogeneous refractive index distribution [18]. In our study, the use of chirped grating could broaden the FWHM width of the temperature tuning curve by improving the phase mismatch tolerance at high pump powers. Figure 2(b) shows the temperature tuning curves obtained using the waveguide WL.
As can be seen, the SHG at a fundamental power of 1.5 W had a much larger FWHM width which was ~4.5 times of that at a fundamental power of 0.2 W. Although the temperature tuning curve of the waveguide WL deviated from the sinc2 distribution of that in a waveguide with uniform grating, it had a nearly symmetric distribution. The FWHM width of temperature tuning curve of the waveguide WL at Pω = 0.2 W is ~2.6 °C which is higher than that (~2.4 °C) of the waveguide WU at Pω = 0.167 W [17]. However, at high pump powers, a striking difference between the temperature tuning curves of the waveguide WL and WU was noted when the width and the shape of the tuning curves were considered. The waveguide WU has a narrowed FWHM width at a high pump power, whereas the waveguide WL has a significantly broadened FWHM width at a high pump power. As shown in Fig. 2(b), the waveguide WL has a temperature tuning curve with a FWHM width up to 11.7 °C which was ~4.5 times of that at a fundamental power of 0.2 W. As compared with that (~2.4 °C) of the waveguide WU, the FWHM width of temperature tuning curve of the waveguide WL is ~4.9 times. The result indicates that the chirped grating significantly improves the tolerance of the waveguide to phase mismatch. To find out how the chirped grating improved the SHG output power, we plotted the wave vector mismatch caused by material dispersion Δkn of the waveguide WL, the total wave vector mismatch ΔkT of the waveguide WL and WU and evolving of the SHG process along z axis of the waveguide WL in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 The wave vector mismatch caused by material dispersion Δknof the waveguide WL in the transverse direction at z = l/2 (a) and z = l (b);(c) The total wave vector mismatch ΔkT of the waveguide WU with a uniform grating period and the waveguide WL with a linear tapered grating period;(d) The evolving of SHG power P2ω along the z direction of the waveguide WL at a fundamental power of 1.5 W.
As can be seen in Fig. 3(a), the wave vector mismatch caused by material dispersion Δkn of the waveguide WLis inhomogeneous in the xy plane. At the plane of z = l/2 (5.75 mm), the peak wave vector mismatch which was ~9034 cm−1 appeared at x = 0.0 μm and y = 2.5 μm. In the xy plane, Δkn decreases as it was far away from the peak point. At the edge, it reached the minimum value of ~9028 cm−1. In a quasi-phase matched SHG, the efficiency is determined by total wave vector mismatch ΔkT which is equal to Δkn minus wave vector of a grating kG. According to the quasi-phase matching condition (ΔkT = 0), it is most desirable to achieve quasi-phase-matching by making the kG close to the Δkn. kG of the waveguide WL at z = l/2 was ~9030 cm−1 which is close to the intermediate value of the Δkn at that position. The peak wave vector mismatch of the waveguide WL increased to 9036 cm−1 at z = l as shown in Fig. 3(b). kG of the waveguide WL at z = l was ~9036 cm−1 which was equal to peak wave vector mismatch at that position. As shown in Fig. 3(c), the offset of ΔkT of WU and WL has been optimized to obtain maximum outputs by tuning the temperature. However, total wave vector mismatch imhomogeneities cannot be reduced in the waveguide WU. As can be seen, ΔkT of the waveguide WU increased ~6.0 cm−1 from z = 0.0 mm to z = 4.4 mm. The increased ΔkT inhibited the SHG process to a large extent. The ΔkT reach the peak at z = 4.4 mm and decreasing slightly from this point to end facet. Although, the variation in Δkn was small (0.05%), the variation in the ΔkT was significant. As with the tapered grating, kG also increased along the beam propagation direction. As can be seen, ΔkT of the waveguide WL increased only ~1.3 cm−1 from z = 0.0 mm to at z = 3.1 mm. Therefore, the total wave vector mismatch imhomogeneities is reduced to a large extent. The ΔkT reach the peak at z = 3.1 mm and decreasing slightly from this point to end facet. Although the SHG power of the waveguide WL was ~76% higher than that of the waveguide WU, the ΔkT of it was only slightly (< 27%) higher than that of the waveguide WU in the second half of the waveguide. Therefore, the fact that kG of the chirped grating grows in phase with Δkn makes the SHG process in the WL more efficient. There have ~1600 domains in the waveguide. The SHG output is a coherent superposition of the SHG wave generated at each domain. With reduced total wave vector mismatch inhomogeneities, the quasi-phase matching temperatures of the domains are close to each other at a high SHG power. Then, a wider temperature acceptance bandwidth can be obtained.
Data obtained in previous studies indicated that the strong inhibition of SHG began at the middle of the waveguide with uniform grating. According to our previous work, the SHG power reached the peak at the middle part of waveguide and declined in the rear of the waveguide [18]. In this study, the inhibition was suppressed by using the chirped grating. The evolving of P2ω in the waveguide WL is shown in Fig. 3(d).
As can be seen, the SHG process was almost not inhibited. A wider temperature acceptance bandwidth indicates that the waveguide WL is insensitive to phase mismatch as compared with the WU. It makes the WL has a better performance than the WU despite that the WL has the higher phase mismatch. The SHG power grew steadily in the front part of the waveguide, which was consistent with that in the waveguide with uniform grating. However, in the rear of the waveguide, the evolving of the SHG power was not consistent with that with uniform grating. It can be observed that the SHG power kept growing in the rear of waveguide. Although the SHG power grew with a lower speed in middle part of the waveguide than that in the front part, the growing speed was recovered at the rear of the waveguide. Since the total wave vector mismatch did not increase exactly linearly along the waveguide, the chirped grating could not compensate the phase mismatching completely. There will be some residual total wave vector mismatch along the waveguide. Nevertheless, these results suggest that a chirped grating may provide a SHG waveguide that is insensitive to phase mismatch as compared with a waveguide with uniform grating, and thereby increasing the SHG output power.
Prior work has reported that the effectiveness of chirped grating in broadening the bandwidth of SHG. Leshem et al. [26], for example, demonstrated that thermal acceptance bandwidth can be increased to 100 °C with chirped poling periods. In the experiment, a pump intensity as high as 290 MW/cm2 was used to achieve a conversion efficiency of 60%.However, the damage limits the pump intensity to several orders of magnitude lower than the intensity required for efficient conversion for CW lasers [27, 29].
In this study, we investigated phase mismatch insensitive high power SHG by using a 3D thermal-optical model in which phase mismatch from thermal dephasing and photorefractive effect are taken into account. We found that a chirped grating with linearly decreasing periods can reduce the sensitivity of SHG to phase-matching and increase SHG output power. By a tapered grating with decreasing periods from 6.96 μm to 6.95 μm, the FWHM width of the temperature tuning curve was broadened to 11.7 °C (the waveguide WL) from 2.4 °C (the waveguide WU) and the SHG output power was increased to ~1.13 W from ~0.64 W at a fundamental power of 1.5 W. These findings extend those of Leshem et al. [26], confirming that reduction of the inhibition of SHG can be achieved by engineering the phase-matching condition at a moderate signal intensity. Our result provides compelling evidence for phase-matching insensitive SHG and suggests that this approach appears to be effective in increasing SHG power that is required in many applications.
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (61605136 and 11204205); Natural Science Foundation of Taiyuan University of Technology (2013Z029).
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D. Lehr, J. Reinhold, I. Thiele, H. Hartung, K. Dietrich, C. Menzel, T. Pertsch, E. B. Kley, and A. Tünnermann, "Enhancing second harmonic generation in gold nanoring resonators filled with lithium niobate," Nano Lett. 15(2), 1025–1030 (2015).
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A. Rao, M. Malinowski, A. Honardoost, J. R. Talukder, P. Rabiei, P. Delfyett, and S. Fathpour, "Second-harmonic generation in periodically-poled thin film lithium niobate wafer-bonded on silicon," Opt. Express 24(26), 29941–29947 (2016).
Y. Gao and I. V. Shadrivov, "Second harmonic generation in graphene-coated nanowires," Opt. Lett. 41(15), 3623–3626 (2016).
Y. Sun, Z. Zheng, J. Cheng, G. Sun, G. Qiao, and G. Qiao, "Highly efficient second harmonic generation in hyperbolic metamaterial slot waveguides with large phase matching tolerance," Opt. Express 23(5), 6370–6378 (2015).
V. Y. Shur, A. R. Akhmatkhanov, and I. S. Baturin, "Micro- and nano-domain engineering in lithium niobate," Appl. Phys. Rev. 2, 040604 (2015).
J. Sun and C. Xu, "466 mW green light generation using annealed proton-exchanged periodically poled MgO: LiNbO3 ridge waveguides," Opt. Lett. 37(11), 2028–2030 (2012).
P. Koch, F. Ruebel, J. Bartschke, and J. A. L'huillier, "5.7 W cw single-frequency laser at 671 nm by single-pass second harmonic generation of a 17.2 W injection-locked 1342 nm Nd : YVO4 ring laser using periodically poled MgO : LiNbO3.," Appl. Opt. 54(33), 9954–9959 (2015).
K. R. Parameswaran, J. R. Kurz, R. V. Roussev, and M. M. Fejer, "Observation of 99% pump depletion in single-pass second-harmonic generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide," Opt. Lett. 27(1), 43–45 (2002).
D. Jedrzejczyk, R. Güther, K. Paschke, G. Erbert, and G. Tränkle, "Diode laser frequency doubling in a ppMgO:LN ridge waveguide: influence of structural imperfection, optical absorption and heat generation," Appl. Phys. B 109, 33–42 (2012).
G. Li, Y. Cui, and J. Wang, "Photorefractive inhibition of second harmonic generation in periodically poled MgO doped LiNbO3 waveguide," Opt. Express 21(19), 21790–21799 (2013).
A. Sahm, M. Uebernickel, K. Paschke, G. Erbert, and G. Tränkle, "Thermal optimization of second harmonic generation at high pump powers," Opt. Express 19(23), 23029–23035 (2011).
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text:
ASSUNTA ROCCA, 94 Loving mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother
LEOMINSTER – Assunta "Sunny" (Tocci) Rocca, 94, of Leominster, passed away Thursday, March 31, 2011 in HealthAlliance Hospital/Leominster.
Sunny was born in Leominster on June 6, 1916, the daughter of the late Constantino and Maria (Mazzola)
Tocci. She retired from the former Foster Grant Co. in 1979, after many years.
She was dedicated to her family, and was a loving and caring mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother. She took great pride in taking care of her home and loved gardening and working outdoors. Sunny truly enjoyed cooking Sunday dinners for her family, whom she loved very much.
Sunny leaves her daughter, Sheila Lister and husband, Paul of Leominster; her son, Philip Rocca of Leominster; four grandchildren, Dianne Conover of Edgartown, Jonathan Lister of Acton, Derek Rocca of Stow, and Melissa Prendergast of Sterling; 11 great-grandchildren, Nicolas, Alec, and Jonathan Rocca, Joseph and Michael Lister, Katherine and Caroline Conover, Jack, Sophia, and Jessica Prendergast, and a great-grandchild due in April. Sunny was predeceased by her husband, Carmine A. Rocca; four brothers, John, Biagio, Paul, and Joseph Tocci; and three sisters, Donata "Florence" Proietti, Antonia and Maria Tocci.
Brandon Funeral Home directed arrangements.


Load the session - click on a text compare - uncheck the unimportant - drop-down use for parent within session - close it and save the session. When I compare from within BC the session works fine when I call it from a script I still get the differences that I'm trying to filter. Also my report says Table Compare? Can you see anything in the script I'm doing wrong?
Yes, it looks like you are using the data-report command, which uses the Table Compare (not Text Compare). To use the Text Compare settings and report style, use the text-report script command.
Could have sworn I tried that! TGIF. thanks a lot.