Ryan Carda is Principal Engineer for Dandelion. He is primarily responsible for design and engineering standardization, with a focus on optimizing the performance and lowering the cost of geothermal systems.
Prior to that, Ryan co-founded Geo-Connections in 2004 and served as the company's President until he sold the company to Dandelion. The products Ryan developed pre-acquisition were used to design tens of thousands of geothermal systems. Ryan co-authored "Design and Installation of Residential and Light Commercial Ground Source Heat Pump Systems," with the International Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA) and chairs the Association's Standards Committee. Ryan has a M.S. in Engineering from South Dakota State University in 2006.
The best way to get into the geothermal heat pump industry. Six weeks of videos, discussion, reading, homework assignments, and quizzes led by the author of the IGSHPA Installation and Design manual.
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Doing a simple payback analysis is a practical first step to take on any geothermal project. There are some simple first steps that will pay off down the road by setting realistic expectations for your prospective client.


text:
nz_meshblock_geojson
============================

Meshblocks converted to GeoJSON of Statistics New Zealand meshblocks

### Use with Bower:

Add the following to your bower.json:

```
"nz_meshblock_geojson": "git://github.com/tuttinator/nz_meshblock_geojson#1.0.0"
```

#### Use with bower-rails:

Add the following to your Bowerfile:

```
asset 'nz_meshblock_geojson', '1.0.0', github: 'tuttinator/nz_meshblock_geojson'
```

### Contributing

Feel free to fork and send pull requests, or open issues if you run into
any mistakes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Release status - v4.2.0.7 released Feb 5th to all cloud servers.
v4.2.0.10 not yet released - to be released as part of v4.3, scheduled for Sunday 23rd March.
In version 4.2.0.10+, three new fields have been added to the default template. You can edit your template to add these new fields, if you so desire. Tip: To avoid funky formatting issues, use the icon 'Paste as Text' to add these fields in.
Issue fixed where cancelling a booking that is in progress (i.e. checked out) did not update the In/Out board. Cancelling an "In Progress" booking now reverts the car back "In" if it was this booking that triggered the car to be "Out".
Regular users cannot cancel a booking that is In Progress. Sysadmins and vehicle custodians can.
For a regular user where a booking that is "In Progress", only the description and return-time fields can be edited (altered). Sysadmins and custodians can still edit all fields of the booking whilst it is In Progress.
Booking form pop-up window - options to hide or make non-mandatory fields for contact phone/pager number and cost centre.
Option to check in and out retrospectively. Not recommended that you enable this option, but if you absolutely must, go for it. This option offers the user a date/time selector to denote when the keys were actually checked out and back in.
Anonymise booking details for regular users. On the calendar pages the booking shaded blocks show the driver name and destination. Sysadmins can now anonymise this information so that regular users only see the pickup/return time. Sysadmins and vehicle custodians can still see full details.
Lock user accounts on create - when creating a new user account, or importing a batch of users, this setting will immediately lock the user account, forcing the user to use the 'Forgot?' link on the Sign In page. This generates a new password and is emailed to them. This application setting effectively negates the security risk of setting all new user accounts to the same password.
Concurrent bookings of same asset type/class. This option prevents the same driver (booking holder) from having concurrent bookings for the same type of asset. I.e. Jane cannot book two cars out at the same time. Does not apply for bookings made by sysadmins nor vehicle custodians. Can still book concurrently assets of different types - i.e. car and boat.
Allow bookings for ealier in the day. If a regular user tries to book a car for yesterday the system won't let them. Nothing new here, this is how it always was. If a user tries to book a car for earlier in the day the system will let them. This new application setting allows you to take a hard-line stance and insist that all bookings made by regular users must be in the future or at least the current time. Doesn't apply to sysadmins and vehicle custodians.
Post sign in redirect. This setting allows regular users who have signed in to be redirected to either the My Bookings page (default) or the New Booking page.
Calendar Headers - the ability to customize the calendar header has been available for some time. We've made an improvement whereby a dash "-" for the Location or Department will now render as a blank space. Previously the calendar header would display the dash.


Burn Cards are single-use upgrades and perks that are awarded to players for a number of reasons. Examples include winning a match, evacuating after losing a match, destroying Titans, completing challenges, leveling up, and more. Select one to three cards -- depending on the level you have reached -- in the lobby before the next match. Burn Cards are first available at Level 7, an additional slot is unlocked at Level 9, and a third slot is unlocked at Level 11.
Once in game, you can select one of three cards before you respawn by pressing the appropriate button (Y on the Xbox). The card will remain active until you are killed. If you are not killed between rounds in select game modes like Last Titan Standing or Capture the Flag, the Burn Card will remain active. However, if you select a card and are killed shortly after respawning, the card will be wasted!
14 new Titan Burn Cards have now become available that increase the power of Titan weapons and abilities. They work the same as the other Burn Cards, but they will not be used up if you die while outside of a Titan. If an enemy Titan has one active, an indicator will appear near their health bars.
There are 50 known Burn Cards at this time. Their names and descriptions are listed below. Only 46 Burn Cards can be held in your deck at a time. Remember to use them or discard ones you won't use to make room in your deck. As you increase in Generations, more cards can be held up to a max of 100 Cards at Gen 10.
Replace Pilot Tactical Ability with longer lasting Cloak.
Permanently stimmed as a Pilot, in addition to having your Pilot Tactical Ability.
Replace Anti-Titan Weapon with an Archer firing powerful Titanhammer missiles.
Replace Anti-Titan Weapon with a faster charging Charge Rifle.
Replace Primary Weapon with a sonar scope Longbow-DMR Sniper.
Replace Primary Weapon with an automatic EVA-8 Shotgun.
Replace Primary Weapon with a Kraber-AP Sniper that fires explosive rounds.
Replace Anti-Titan Weapon with a high-capacity, automatic Mag Launcher.
Replace Primary Weapon with a rapid-fire Spinfire LMG.
Replace Sidearm Weapon with a burst-fire Hammond P2011.
Replace Primary Weapon with a more lethal R-97 Compact SMG.
Replace Primary Weapon with a more lethal R-101C Carbine.
Replace Primary Weapon with a more lethal RE-45 Auto-Pistol.
Replace Anit-Titan weapon with a double capacity Sidewinder.
Replace Primary Weapon with a more lethal Smart Pistol Mk5.
Call in an Atlas Titan.
Replace Pilot Tactical Ability with a longer lasting Active Radar Pulse.
Replace Ordnance Weapon with infinite, more lethal Frag Grenades.
Nearby friendly Grunts fight for you - their kills count toward your score.
40 seconds off Build Time or Titan Core Charge.
Grunts, Spectres, Auto-Titans, and Turrets ignore you.
Active Radar Pulse is permanently active, in addition to having your Pilot Tactical Ability.
Permanently cloaked as a Pilot, in addition to having your Pilot Tactical Ability.
Your Titan Eject causes an extended nuclear explosion.
Scoring hits on Pilots earns extra XP and reduces Build Time.
Earn extra Build Time and Titan Core Charge reductions during combat.
You automatically generate Active Radar Pulses periodically.
80 seconds off Build Time or Titan Core Charge.
Call in an Ogre Titan.
Reveal all enemies on the minimap every 10 seconds.
Replace Ordnance Weapon with infinite, magnetic Arc Grenades.
Replace Pilot Tactical Ability with a longer lasting Stim.
Call in a Stryder Titan.
There is an audible warning when enemy players are nearby.
Your Titan has a pre-charged Titan Core ability.
Scoring hits on Grunts earns extra XP and reduces Build Time.
Scoring hits on Titans earns extra XP and reduces Build Time.
Scoring hits on Spectres earns extra XP and reduces Build Time.
Automatically captures nearby enemy Spectres.


Movie theaters may be air-conditioned, but watching a film in a bar's garden has its own perks. Like stars. And beer.
Hideout This ramshackle roadhouse of country-rock is best known for hosting longtime local acts like Kelly Hogan and Devil in a Woodpile. But on the second Sunday of the summer months, the bar puts 100 chairs in the grass and screens music documentaries. (Blankets—and even children—are encouraged.) 1354 W Wabansia Ave (773-227-4433). Tue 7pm–2am; Wed–Fri 4pm–2am; Sat 7pm–3am; Sun, Mon for special events (call ahead). Average beer: $2.
Jack's Bar and Grill Many of the couples and small groups that flock to this dimly lit Lakeview spot (situated next to 404 Wine Bar; they're connected inside) huddle together in one of the black leather booths. But on warm Sunday nights, they head to the patio for modern classics (and, if there's a chill in the air, to utilize the outdoor fireplace). 2856 N Southport Ave (773-404-8400). Mon, Tue 5–11pm; Wed, Thu 5pm–midnight; Fri 3pm–2am; Sat 10am–3am; Sun 10am–10pm. Average beer: $4.
The Motel Bar This low-lit lounge is nothing like motels we've checked into, but we dig the throwback classic cocktails, the "room service" comfort food menu, the unpretentious staff and eclectic jukebox in lieu of a DJ spinning it into a club. In warmer months, the massive outdoor patio turns into a viewing party, with double features projected every Monday night. 600 W Chicago Ave (312-822-2900). Mon–Fri 11am–2am; Sat 4pm–3am; Sun 4pm–2am. Average cocktail: $6.
The Terrace at The Conrad It may not be as high up as other rooftop hotel bars—it's on the fifth floor—but this alfresco lounge has something else to help set it above the crowd: a thoughtful cocktail list, substantial bar snacks (like mini samosas) and, in the summer, hip flicks screened every Sunday. Conrad Hotel, 521 N Rush St (312-377-0979). Mon–Wed 11:30am–11pm; Thu–Sat 11:30am–midnight; Sun 11:30am–11pm. Average cocktail: $14.
Three Aces Three Aces has the look and feel of a punky college bar. But because chef Matt Troost is rolling fresh pasta and frying pig ears in the kitchen, it's hard not to pay attention to the food. The only thing that can steal your attention? The 140-seat patio, where movies are screened on Monday nights. 1321 W Taylor St (312-243-1577). Sun–Fri 11am–2am; Sat 11am–3am. Average beer: $5.


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text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
 The search for topological Majorana zero modes in nanowires with superconducting proximity effect is among the most active research areas in physics~\cite{sarma2015majorana,sau2021majorana,lutchyn2018majorana}. The theoretical predictions made in 2010 are precise~\cite{sau2010nonabelian,lutchyn2010majorana,sau2010generic,oreg2010helical}: Take a semiconductor (SM) nanowire, InAs or InSb, with strong spin-orbit (SO) coupling with a nearby superconductor (SC), Al or Nb, inducing proximity effect in the nanowire; then apply a magnetic field along the nanowire to create a Zeeman spin splitting; and for suitable theoretically defined values of spin splitting $V_z$, the chemical potential $\mu$, and the induced proximity SC gap $\Delta$, the nanowire will develop topological SC provided $V_z ^2 > \mu^2 + \Delta ^2$, with $V_{zc}= (\mu^2 + \Delta ^2)^{1/2}$ being the topological quantum phase transition (TQPT) point where the SC gap closes with the system transitioning from a trivial SC to a topological SC. The topological SC with$ V_z > V_{zc}$  comes with a bulk gap that protects emergent non-Abelian Majorana zero modes (MZMs) localized at the wire ends.  If the wire is long enough, so that the two MZMs have little overlap, the system is exponentially topologically protected with effectively isolated anyonic MZMs, leading to the possibility of a limited version of fault-tolerant topological quantum computing using Ising anyons~\cite{nayak2008nonabelian}.

The standard scheme to identify MZMs has been tunneling spectroscopy~\cite{sengupta2001midgap,sau2010nonabelian,flensberg2010tunneling,wimmer2011quantum,law2009majorana}, where MZMs lead to zero-bias conductance peaks (ZBCPs) of the quantized value $2e^2/h$ at $T=0$, although this strict quantization may not apply at nonzero temperatures~\cite{setiawan2017electron}. Early experiments indicated the existence of ZBCPs with small values $\ll 2e^2/h$, which were tentatively claimed to be evidence for MZMs~\cite{das2012zerobias,deng2012anomalous,mourik2012signatures,churchill2013superconductornanowire,finck2013anomalous}. But the very small tunnel conductance values of these ZBCPs (as well as the extremely soft nature of the induced SC gap) made the situation inconclusive. In fact, it was clear that these early nanowire samples all had considerable disorder-induced subgap fermionic states, with the small ZBCPs most likely associated with class D electron antilocalization effects~\cite{liu2012zerobias,bagrets2012class,akhmerov2011quantized,liu2012zerobias,sau2013density}.  More recently, however, experiments have reported large ZBCPs $\sim 2e^2/h$ in hard-induced SC gap situations~\cite{nichele2017scaling,zhang2018quantizeda,zhang2021large,yu2021nonmajorana,pan2020situ,song2021large}, which have created considerable excitement as the possible signatures for MZMs, but the typical ZBCP is not stable (e.g., in magnetic field, gate voltage, or tunnel barrier), and they often arise only with considerable fine-tuning of postselected data.  In addition, the ZBCPs are never seen in simultaneous tunneling from both ends, which is a requirement for the nonlocality of MZMs.  In addition, the necessary Majorana oscillations and the opening of a topological gap are never observed either~\cite{dassarma2012splitting}. It now seems almost certain that these large-conductance ZBCPs are induced by strong disorder in the nanowire and are associated with disorder-induced nontopological subgap Andreev bound states which are experimentally generated by fine-tuning and cherry-picking of large data sets~\cite{pan2020physical,pan2020generic,pan2021disorder,pan2021threeterminal,pan2021crossover,pan2021quantized,dassarma2021disorderinduced,woods2021charge,zeng2021partiallyseparated,ahn2021estimating}.

In the current work we show that in certain situations, such large-conductance trivial ZBCPs may arise almost on-demand in disordered nanowires under certain conditions as has recently been reported in both InAs and InSb nanowires~\cite{song2021large,yu2021nonmajorana}.
{Our mechanism, which explains the generic zero-bias conductance peaks in an experimentally plausible way, was not addressed in previous studies~\cite{pan2020physical,pan2021threeterminal,pan2021quantized} and was not even possible before because the observations of the generic large zero-bias conductance peaks have only been reported in recent experiments~\cite{yu2021nonmajorana,song2021large}.}
We establish that the requirements for such on-demand large ZBCPs are simply that the strong disorder be suppressed near the wire ends where the tunnel barrier/contact is located along with an ability to adjust the tunnel barrier to rather low values to enhance the conductance to the desired large magnitude.  Since the nanowire disorder is likely to be suppressed near the wire ends by virtue of the metallic tunnel contact-induced screening, we think that we have identified the main physical mechanism leading to almost generic large trivial conductance peaks in the tunneling experiments, {which are also likely to happen in experiments in a natural way without invoking too much fine-tuning.}
Such on-demand large ZBCPs are, however, neither robust nor stable, and their conductance would vary strongly with tunnel barrier, magnetic field, temperature, and chemical potential.  In addition, they would typically show up only for tunneling from one end and not manifest any Majorana oscillations.  We have, therefore, solved the mystery of why some recent experiments find numerous large trivial ZBCPs in nanowire experiments~\cite{song2021large}.

\section{Theory}\label{sec:theory}
We use the minimal one-dimensional one-subband nanowire model solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equation exactly in the presence of random disorder as described in great detail in Ref.~\cite{pan2020physical}.  This minimal model is known to work very well and reproduce the results of numerically intensive realistic models essentially quantitatively~\cite{pan2021quantized,ahn2021estimating}. The realistic models involve many unknown parameters since the disorder details in the actual complicated hybrid SM-SC platforms with gates and tunneling leads are unknown, and therefore, the minimal model is more appropriate for general theoretical considerations. We refer the reader for more details on the theory {to Appendix~\ref{App:A}} as well as earlier publications~\cite{pan2020physical,pan2021quantized,ahn2021estimating}. The interesting aspect in the current work is that the strength of the random disorder is much higher in the bulk of the wire than near its ends.  We then solve the BdG equation exactly. Using these BdG solutions and the KWANT scattering matrix theory~\cite{groth2014kwant}, we obtain the tunnel conductance as a function of several relevant variables (e.g., temperature, disorder configurations, tunnel barrier, Zeeman splitting, chemical potential, etc.). Unless otherwise stated, we choose the following typical parameters~\cite{lutchyn2018majorana}: the effective mass is 0.015 $m_e$, with $m_e$ being the rest electron mass, the spin-orbit coupling strength is $0.5$ eV\AA{}, the chemical potential in InSb (normal lead) is 1 meV (25 meV), the parent SC gap is 0.2 meV, the SC-SM coupling strength is 0.2 meV, and the wire length is 3 $\mu$m (except for Fig.~\ref{fig:4}, in which it is 1 $\mu$m). Once we obtain the bias-voltage-dependent tunnel conductance at zero temperature $G(V_{\text{bias}};T=0)$, we calculate the tunnel conductance at finite temperature $T$ as $G(V_{\text{bias}};T)=-\int \frac{d f(E-V_{\text{bias}})}{dE} G(V_{\text{bias}},T=0)dE $, where $f(E-V_{\text{bias}};T)$ is the Fermi-Dirac distribution at temperature $T$~\cite{setiawan2017electron}.

\begin{figure}[ht]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=3.4in]{Fig1.pdf}
    \caption{Conductance spectra as a function of the Zeeman field $V_z$ and the bias voltage $V_{\text{bias}}$ in a pristine wire for (a) temperature $T=0$ and barrier strength $V_b=5$ meV; (b) $T=0$ and $ V_{b} =20$ meV; (c) $T=116$ mK and $ V_{b} =5$ meV; (d) $T=116$ mK and $ V_{b} = 20 $ meV. Panels (e)-(h) show corresponding line cuts of the topological ZBCPs at $V_z=1.31$ meV [red dashed lines in panels (a)-(d)] for different temperatures and barrier strengths. Refer to Sec.~\ref{sec:theory} for the parameters {and Appendix~\ref{App:B} for the wave functions and the local density of states}.}
    \label{fig:1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure*}[ht]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=6.8in]{Fig2.pdf}
    \caption{Conductance spectra as a function of the Zeeman field $V_z$ and the bias voltage $V_{\text{bias}}$ in the presence of strong disorder in the bulk and strong suppression of the disorder near the ends for (a) temperature $T=0$ and barrier strength $V_b=5$ meV; (b) $T=0$ and $ V_{b} =20$ meV; (c) {$T=116$ mK} and $ V_{b} =5$ meV; (d) {$T=116$ mK} and $ V_{b} = 20 $ meV. The ZBCPs here are in the trivial regime. Panels (e)-(h) are corresponding conductance spectra measured from the other (right) end. The standard deviation of Gaussian disorder is $\sigma_\mu=3$ meV in the bulk region and 0.5 meV near the ends ($\sim 0.1~\mu$m).  Refer to Sec.~\ref{sec:theory} for other parameters {and Appendix~\ref{App:B} for the wave functions, the local density of states, and the disorder spatial profile}.}
    \label{fig:2}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure}[ht]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=3.4in]{Fig3.pdf}
    \caption{Line cuts of the trivial ZBCPs at a fixed Zeeman field for different temperatures and barrier strengths. Panels (a)-(d) show the line cuts at $V_z=0.52$ meV [red dashed lines in Figs.~\ref{fig:2}(a)-\ref{fig:2}(d)]. Panels (e)-(h) show the line cuts at $V_z=0.65$ meV [red dotted lines in Figs.~\ref{fig:2}(a)-\ref{fig:2}(d)].}
    \label{fig:3}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=3.4in]{Fig4.pdf}
    \caption{Conductance spectra as a function of the Zeeman field $V_z$ and the bias voltage $V_{\text{bias}}$ in a short wire ($L=1~\mu$m) in the presence of strong disorder in the bulk and strong suppression of the disorder near the ends for (a) temperature $T=0$ and barrier strength $V_b=5$ meV; (b) $T=0$ and $ V_{b} =20$ meV; (c) {$T=116$ mK} and $ V_{b} =5$ meV; (d) {$T=116$ mK} and $ V_{b} = 20 $ meV. Panels (e)-(h) show corresponding line cuts of the trivial ZBCPs at $V_z=0.31$ meV [red dashed lines in panels (a)-(d)] for different temperatures and barrier heights. The standard deviation of Gaussian disorder is $\sigma_\mu=3$ meV in the bulk region and 0.1 meV near the ends ($\sim 0.1~\mu$m). Refer to Sec.~\ref{sec:theory} for other parameters {and Appendix~\ref{App:B} for the wave functions, the local density of states, and the disorder spatial profile}.}
    \label{fig:4}
\end{figure}
\section{Results}\label{sec:results}
 In order to benchmark our results, we start with the pristine wire to study the generic effects of the tunnel barrier and the temperature on the conductance as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}. In Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(a), we present the conductance spectrum of a pristine wire with topological ZBCPs showing beyond the TQPT point ($V_{zc}=1.02$ meV) at zero temperature and low barrier strength ($V_b=5$ meV). As we increase the barrier strength to $V_b=20$ meV in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(b) while keeping zero temperature, we find that the topological ZBCP becomes sharper, and Majorana oscillations are more salient consequently. However, the conductances of subgap intrinsic Andreev bound states (ABS)~\cite{huang2018metamorphosis} below the TQPT, showing the gap-closing feature, become smaller in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(b). Therefore, it indicates that the barrier strength does not affect the peak value of topological ZBCPs at zero temperature: it only lowers the conductance peaks of nontopological states. This is also directly manifested in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(e), where we plot the line cuts of topological ZBCPs at a fixed Zeeman field [$V_z=1.31$ meV indicated by the red dashed line in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(a)] for different tunnel barrier strengths varying from 5 to 20 meV, and we find that the peaks always stick to the quantized conductance of $2e^2/h$ at zero temperature.

The finite temperature always suppresses the topological ZBCPs below the quantized conductance of $2e^2/h$, particularly when $T$ is larger than the tunneling energy. For instance, in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(f), where we increase the temperature to {$T=116$ mK}, topological ZBCPs are no longer quantized, and they decrease as we increase the tunnel barrier strength. We show a comparison between $T=0$  in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(a) and finite $T$  in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(c) to emphasize as a benchmark that the topological conductance spectrum is weakened and broadened everywhere by finite temperatures. Thus, all peaks manifest larger linewidths and lower peak values; therefore, the details of subgap states become indiscernible.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(d), we study the joint effect of the finite barrier strength and the finite temperature, and we find that they suppress all tunneling signals in the conductance spectrum, leaving very faint topological ZBCPs and a nearly zero conductance background. We also show the line cuts of conductances in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(g) to visualize the thermal broadening effect as the temperature increases. From $T=0$ (red line) to {$T=12$ mK} (green line), the two lines overlap, which means the conductance peak does not change too much near zero temperature (i.e., $T$ below tunneling energy). However, as the temperature increases above the tunneling energy to {$T=116$ mK} (yellow line), the conductance peak of the topological ZBCP drops to $\sim 1.5e^2/h$. For the large barrier strength, we present Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(h) and find that the conductance peak drops even more quickly compared to the low barrier strength in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(g), because the tunneling energy is now exponentially lower than $T$. Note that a finite temperature of {$T=116$ mK (10 $\mu$eV)}, which is less than 10\% of the induced SC gap ($\sim 0.12$ meV), can make the conductance peak drop by a large factor of 75\% [Fig.~\ref{fig:1}(h)] from the original quantized value of $2e^2/h$.  This implies that it is unlikely to observe the quantized value of $2e^2/h$ in experiments even if one manages to measure the conductance of the real topological ZBCP due to the thermal broadening.

After establishing the benchmark of the finite barrier strength and the temperature in the pristine wire, we introduce our protocol that generates the on-demand large trivial ZBCP in disordered nanowires. The prerequisites are a strong bulk potential disorder and a suppression of the disorder near the nanowire ends. This particular configuration of disorder effectively creates quantum dots near the ends and thus can make the fermionic ABSs localized near the ends, which will then appear as large trivial ZBCPs. We present a representative example in Fig.~\ref{fig:2}(a), which shows a trivial ZBCP with a large conductance of $3e^2/h$. Because the trivial ZBCP is not invariant under the variations in barrier strength, we can manipulate the conductance peak on demand by adjusting the barrier strength as well as the temperature. In Figs.~\ref{fig:2}(b)-\ref{fig:2}(d), we change the conductance of trivial ZBCPs from $2.5e^2/h$ [Fig.~\ref{fig:2}(c)] to $ 0.5e^2/h$ [Fig.~\ref{fig:2}(d)] as we tune the barrier strength and the temperature within the same disorder realization.
In Figs.~\ref{fig:2}(e)-\ref{fig:2}(h), we present conductances measured from the other end (right) corresponding to Figs.~\ref{fig:2}(a)-\ref{fig:2}(d), {where there are no signatures of zero-bias peaks (see the wave functions and the local density of states in Fig.~\ref{fig:App1})}. Due to the trivial origin of these ZBCPs, the conductances from both ends lack the nonlocal correlation, resembling the experimentally observed ZBCPs.

In addition to the false-color plots of conductances, we also provide the line cuts at a fixed Zeeman field [$V_z=0.52$ meV indicated by red dashed lines in Fig.~\ref{fig:2}] in Figs.~\ref{fig:3}(a)-\ref{fig:3}(d). In Fig.~\ref{fig:3}(a), we notice that the shape of the ZBCP can be tuned into a zero-bias conductance dip (ZBCD) when we increase the barrier strength. Here, the ZBCD is essentially two symmetric side peaks close to each other, which arise from a pair of low-lying trivial ABSs. Therefore, they only appear if the barrier strength is sufficiently high because a high barrier strength suppresses the background conductance between the two side peaks. We show in Fig.~\ref{fig:3}(c) that a small barrier strength fails to manifest a transformation from the ZBCP to the ZBCD. Thus, the transmutation between the ZBCP and the ZBCD, as well as their conductance magnitudes, is easily experimentally tuned by the tunnel barrier~\cite{song2021large}.

Besides the high tunnel barrier strength, the existence of the ZBCD also needs a low temperature. In Fig.~\ref{fig:3}(b), we increase the temperature from zero to {$T=116$ mK}, finding that all ZBCDs in Fig.~\ref{fig:3}(a) now become ZBCPs. This is because of larger thermal broadening, which could combine two side peaks into one ZBCP, as manifested in Fig.~\ref{fig:3}(d). In Fig.~\ref{fig:3}(d), the ZBCD gradually disappears as the two side peaks merge into one zero-bias peak when the temperature increases, resembling the experimentally observed ZBCDs in Ref.~\onlinecite{song2021large}. Thus, ZBCDs disappear with increasing temperature and/or decreasing tunnel barrier, showing that they represent unstable trivial features.

In addition, the ZBCD, being a fine-tuned feature, is unstable to the applied field. In Fig.~\ref{fig:3}(e), we slightly change the Zeeman field to $V_z=0.65$ meV (red dotted lines in Fig.~\ref{fig:2}), and find that all ZBCDs disappear in comparison with Fig.~\ref{fig:3}(a). At this Zeeman field, the ZBCD cannot exist regardless of the barrier strength and the temperature as shown in Figs.~\ref{fig:3}(e)-\ref{fig:3}(h).

Although all conductances above from Fig.~\ref{fig:1} to Fig.~\ref{fig:3} are obtained in a wire of 3 $\mu$m, our protocol also works for the short wire, which is closer to the experimental situation. To show this, we consider a shorter wire of 1 $\mu$m in Fig.~\ref{fig:4} with strong potential disorder in the bulk region and suppression of the potential disorder near the nanowire ends.
{The conductance spectra shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:4} are measured at the right end in the presence of a specific disorder profile [shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:App1}(i)] because the left end does not manifest large conductance of zero-bias peaks.}
In Fig.~\ref{fig:4}(a), we generate the trivial ZBCP with on-demand large conductance with a low tunnel barrier. By increasing the barrier strength and the temperature, we find that the trivial ZBCPs vary drastically as shown in Figs.~\ref{fig:4}(b)-\ref{fig:4}(d). From the line cuts of trivial ZBCPs in Figs.~\ref{fig:4}(e)-\ref{fig:4}(h), we see that the zero-bias conductance declines from $3.5e^2/h$ [blue line in Fig.~\ref{fig:4}(e)] to $e^2/h$ [yellow line in Fig.~\ref{fig:4}(h)] when the barrier strength increases from 5 to 20 meV and the temperature increases from zero to {$T=116$ mK}. All these results manifest the efficacy of our protocol in creating the on-demand trivial ZBCP with large conductance.

\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:conclusion}
We show in this work that there are experimentally relevant physical situations where large zero-bias peaks in the tunneling spectra may be somewhat abundantly present in spite of being entirely trivial in origin.  Such peaks can be made to coincide with the quantized conductance $2e^2/h$  simply by adjusting the tunnel barrier strength (or alternatively perhaps the temperature at a fixed tunnel barrier).  One may even see in some situations transitions in the trivial regions between large-conductance peaks and large-conductance dips in the tunnel spectra~\cite{song2021large}.  Our results show that such trivial tunnel spectra arise from strong disorder in the bulk modulated by the weakening of the disorder at the wire ends (making the ends behave like they are quantum dots), {which is not only theoretically possible but also experimentally plausible because the large disorder induced by the bulk region is always generic and inevitable and weak disorder is suppressed by the screening of the metallic gate.}

{Although our theory is not guaranteed to be the unique mechanism that can happen in realistic experiments because we simply cannot rule out other possibilities, we show that such a simple yet experimentally plausible hypothesis can lead to the theoretically simulated generic ZBCPs on demand. Therefore, the nutshell of the current work is that on-demand trivial ZBCPs may arise without fine-tuning under certain experiment conditions, and we propose a very likely mechanism that the screening-induced appearance of artificial quantum dots at the ends of the wire plays a substantial role in creating large-conductance peaks on demand which do not manifest much robustness.}

Therefore, experimentalists should be skeptical of any zero-bias peaks not robust to the tunnel barrier, the magnetic field, and the chemical potential (i.e., gate voltage).  In addition, the manifestation of a gap opening and the occurrence of peaks in tunneling from both ends are the minimal requirements for the existence of Majorana zero modes.  In fact, any topological Majorana mode is unlikely to manifest $2e^2/h$ quantization because in most situations finite temperature should suppress the peak value--- what is important is not the peak conductance, but the robust stability of the conductance feature to experimental tuning parameters and the occurrence of the feature for tunneling from both ends.  Obtaining ``quantization'' by fine-tuning the tunnel barrier is perhaps better avoided in the search for topological Majorana zero modes. What is necessary are simultaneous ZBCPs from both ends which are stable to parameter variations independent of the actual conductance values.

This work is supported by the Laboratory for Physical Sciences. We also acknowledge the University of Maryland High-Performance Computing Cluster (HPCC).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


read about my meditation techanique which i learnt from my guru(meditation teacher) suresh kumar,you may like that techanique.
Personal experiences: If you cannot get to sleep, start meditating instead!
The first human head transplant proposed in the near future!
An article has appeared in the newspapers today that a Russian doctor intends to transplant a whole new head onto a person. This is my article penned in 2006. Sharing with you!
Yoga -- Not just streching, but an ancient method for attaining self-transcendence and union with the God-Being.
We don't want to experience hardships. If we could understand how to develop love and inner calm by way of meditation, then our lives certainly would not lose any of their richness.
Transcendental rhythmic poetry to expand your consciousness and inspire perceptual freedom. My hopes is for my works to invoke in any soul who engages their awareness with the words I write to experience their own pure presence, fully exist boundlessly NOW, if only for the moment.
On this page, I will explore various tips and hints for meditating as a process to get in touch with the metaphysical realm, enhance psychic abilities and explore the inner reaches of the mind.
If you can focus on being the observer whilst meditating this will bring interesting benefits in your daily life too. Why not give it a try??
Mindful eating can help you lose weight, reduce your stress, and enjoy your food more. Here's how to do it.
Meditation can help you get away from it all without ever leaving home. Escape stress, anxiety and problems by learning this ancient relaxation technique.
Being mindful can help us to cope with a busy, stressful world. Here's how you can do it, too.
Meditation has been proven that it helps relieve stress, lowers your heart rate and presents a soothing effect on the participant. It brings the mind and body together to help deal with every day's stress.
meditation is a simple art of getting hold of ones straying mind so as to enable one to concentrate.


Maryland Writers Association announces "From Brain to Bookshelf," its annual writing conference. Chuck Sambuchino, a Writer's Digest editor, and Crystal Wilkinson, Gaines Award and Appalachian Book of the Year winning novelist, author of "The Birds of Opulence" and professor at the University of Kentucky, are keynote speakers. Over 20 workshops in various genres available with a dozen agents presenting panels and hearing pitches.


text:
OSTI.GOV Journal Article: Interactions of HCl and H2O with the surface of PuO2
Title: Interactions of HCl and H2O with the surface of PuO2
In order to explore the potential of heat treatment to decontaminate chloride-contaminated legacy plutonium dioxide (PuO2) powders from the UK stockpile, samples retrieved from storage have been heated in air from 400 to 950 C. These samples also contain high levels of other adsorbed gases from the atmosphere, including water. The amounts of chloride remaining on the PuO2 particles after heat treatment (measured by a caustic leaching process) decrease whilst the amounts of volatilised chloride increase with increasing heat treatment temperature. Clear evidence for a non-leachable (strongly bound) chloride species on the PuO2 surface is found from the thermal treatments. The lattice parameter decreases with increasing heat treatment temperature, reflecting annealing of structural defects caused by over 35 years of radiation damage, with no change in the fcc Fm3m crystal structure. Heating chloride-contaminated PuO2 powder to ~230 C and cooling back to ambient temperature in a sealed vessel reveals the production of H2, He, NO and CO gases. Water adsorption/desorption behaviour with the untreated PuO2 powder is remarkably different than PuO2 which had previously been heat treated at 700 C. From thermal treatments in open and sealed systems it is concluded that water and chloride coadsorb and interact on themore » PuO2 surface and each affects the adsorption/desorption behaviour of the other. These data also support practical considerations for repackaging of chloride-contaminated PuO2 for long term safe and secure storage at Sellafield.« less
Sutherland-Harper, Sophie [1]; Livens, Francis R. [2]; Pearce, Carolyn I. [3]; Hobbs, Jeff [4]; Orr, Robin [5]; Taylor, Robin [6]; Webb, Kevin J. [5]; Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas [1]
BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)
Sellafield Ltd.
National Nuclear Laboratory, Seascale, UK
National Nuclear Lab
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
USDOE
PNNL-SA-142115
AC05-76RL01830
Journal of Nuclear Materials
Journal Volume: 518
Sutherland-Harper, Sophie, Livens, Francis R., Pearce, Carolyn I., Hobbs, Jeff, Orr, Robin, Taylor, Robin, Webb, Kevin J., and Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas. Interactions of HCl and H2O with the surface of PuO2. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.02.036.
Sutherland-Harper, Sophie, Livens, Francis R., Pearce, Carolyn I., Hobbs, Jeff, Orr, Robin, Taylor, Robin, Webb, Kevin J., & Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas. Interactions of HCl and H2O with the surface of PuO2. United States. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.02.036.
Sutherland-Harper, Sophie, Livens, Francis R., Pearce, Carolyn I., Hobbs, Jeff, Orr, Robin, Taylor, Robin, Webb, Kevin J., and Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas. Mon . "Interactions of HCl and H2O with the surface of PuO2". United States. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.02.036.
title = {Interactions of HCl and H2O with the surface of PuO2},
author = {Sutherland-Harper, Sophie and Livens, Francis R. and Pearce, Carolyn I. and Hobbs, Jeff and Orr, Robin and Taylor, Robin and Webb, Kevin J. and Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas},
abstractNote = {In order to explore the potential of heat treatment to decontaminate chloride-contaminated legacy plutonium dioxide (PuO2) powders from the UK stockpile, samples retrieved from storage have been heated in air from 400 to 950 C. These samples also contain high levels of other adsorbed gases from the atmosphere, including water. The amounts of chloride remaining on the PuO2 particles after heat treatment (measured by a caustic leaching process) decrease whilst the amounts of volatilised chloride increase with increasing heat treatment temperature. Clear evidence for a non-leachable (strongly bound) chloride species on the PuO2 surface is found from the thermal treatments. The lattice parameter decreases with increasing heat treatment temperature, reflecting annealing of structural defects caused by over 35 years of radiation damage, with no change in the fcc Fm3m crystal structure. Heating chloride-contaminated PuO2 powder to ~230 C and cooling back to ambient temperature in a sealed vessel reveals the production of H2, He, NO and CO gases. Water adsorption/desorption behaviour with the untreated PuO2 powder is remarkably different than PuO2 which had previously been heat treated at 700 C. From thermal treatments in open and sealed systems it is concluded that water and chloride coadsorb and interact on the PuO2 surface and each affects the adsorption/desorption behaviour of the other. These data also support practical considerations for repackaging of chloride-contaminated PuO2 for long term safe and secure storage at Sellafield.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.02.036},
journal = {Journal of Nuclear Materials},
volume = 518,
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.02.036
Accelerated Weathering of High-Level and Plutonium-bearing Lanthanide Borosilicate Waste Glasses under Hydraulically Unsaturated Conditions
Journal Article Pierce, Eric M. ; McGrail, B. Peter ; Martin, Paul ; ... - Applied Geochemistry, 22(9):1841-1859
A can-in-canister waste package design has been proposed for disposal of excess weapons plutonium at the proposed mined geologic repository at Yucca Mountain, NV. by the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Fissile Material Disposition. This configuration consists of a high-level waste (HLW) canister fitted with a rack that holds mini-canisters containing a Pu-bearing lanthanide borosilicate (LaBS) waste glass and/or ceramic (~15% of the total canister volume). The larger canister is then filled with HLW glass, SRL-202, (~85% of the total canister volume). A 6-year pressurized unsaturated flow (PUF) test was conducted to investigate waste form/waste form interactions thatmore » may occur when water penetrates the canisters and contacts the waste forms. Volumetric water content was observed to increase steadily during PUF testing from accumulation of water mass as waters of hydration associated with alteration phases formed on the glass surface. Periodic excursions in effluent pH, electrical conductivity, and solution chemistry were monitored and correlated with the formation of a clay phase(s) during the test. Thermodynamic modeling of select effluent solution samples suggests the dominant secondary reaction product for the SRL-202 glass is a smectite di-octahedral clay phase(s), possibly nontronite [Na0.33Fe2(AlSi)4O10(OH)2•n(H2O)] or beidellite [Na0.33Al2.33Si3.67O10(OH)2]. This phase was identified in SEM images as discrete spherical particles found growing out of a gel-layer on reacted SRL-202 glass. Plutonium analyses of filtered and unfiltered solutions indicate that >80% of the Pu exiting the PUF system is as filterable particulates. In this advection-dominated system, Pu is migrating principally as colloids after being released from the LaBS glass. Analysis of reacted LaBS glass using SEM-EDS illustrates that Pu has segregated into a discrete disk-like phase, possibly PuO2. Alteration products that contain the neutron absorber Gd have not been positively identified. Separation of the Pu and its neutron absorbers during glass dissolution and transport is a potential criticality concern in the proposed repository. However, the translation and interpretation of these long-term PUF test results to actual disposed waste packages requires further analysis.« less
DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.056
HCI Adsorption and Ionization on Amorphous and Crystalline H2O Films below 50 K
Journal Article Ayotte, Patrick ; Marchand, Patrick ; Daschbach, John L. ; ... - Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 115(23):6002-6014
Molecular beams were used to grow amorphous and crystalline H2O films and to dose HCl on their surface. The adsorption state of HCl on the films was probed with infrared spectroscopy. The spectral signature of hydronium ions was observed only when the HCl adlayer was in direct contact with the solid water films at temperatures as low as 20 K. The spectral signature of solid HCl (amorphous or crystalline) was identified only after saturation of the adsorption sites in the first layer or when deposited onto a rare gas spacer layer between the HCl and water film. The Zundel continuummore » is also clearly observed when the first HCl adlayer is in contact with the thin solid water films. These observations strongly support the spontaneous ionic dissociation of the first layer HCl adsorbed onto the ice surface, and the subsequent condensation of solid HCl, as observed by Parent and coworkers. [F. Bournel et al. Physical Review B 2002, 65, 2014041] using synchrotron-based electron spectroscopy« less
DOI: 10.1021/jp110398j
Molecular Dynamics Study of Ion Transfer and Distribution at the Interface of Water and 1,2-Dichloroethane (Letter)
Journal Article Wick, Collin D. ; Dang, Liem X. - Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 112(3):647-649
Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study Cl-'s propensity for and its transfer across the H2O-1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface, comparing it with the H2O-CCl4 and H2O-vapor interfaces. It was found that, primarily because the DCE molecules had a preferred orientation at the H2O-DCE interface that resulted in unfavorable interactions with Cl-, Cl- was repelled from the H2O-DCE interface. For CCl4, which has a larger Cl- free energy of transfer from H2O than DCE, Cl- had a propensity for the interface, as well as for the H2O-vapor interface. Calculated thermodynamic properties for pure DCE, the H2O-DCE surface tension, and the freemore » energy of Cl- transfer across the H2O-DCE interface agreed very well with experiment. This study shows that a coexisting solvent's preferred orientation at the interface can be used to control the propensity of a solute for the aqueous interface. This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy.« less
DOI: 10.1021/jp076608c
Adsorption, Desorption, and Displacement Kinetics of H2O and CO2 on Forsterite, Mg2SiO4(011)
Journal Article Smith, R. Scott ; Li, Zhenjun ; Dohnalek, Zdenek ; ... - Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118(50):29091-29100
We have examined the adsorbate-substrate interaction kinetics of CO2 and H2O on a natural forsterite crystal surface, Mg2SiO4(011), with 10-15% of substitutional Fe2+. We use temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and molecular beam techniques to determine the adsorption, desorption, and displacement kinetics for H2O and CO2. Neither CO2 nor H2O has distinct sub-monolayer desorption peaks but instead both have a broad continuous desorption feature that evolve smoothly into multilayer desorption. Inversion of the monolayer coverage spectra for both molecules reveals that the corresponding binding energies for H2O are greater than that for CO2 on all sites. The relative strength of thesemore » interactions is the dominant factor in the competitive adsorption/displacement kinetics. In experiments where the two adsorbates are co-dosed, H2O always binds to the highest energy binding sites available and displaces CO2. The onset of CO2 displacement by H2O occurs between 65 and 75 K.« less
DOI: 10.1021/jp504187y
The OH Radical-H2O Molecular Interaction Potential
Journal Article Du, Shiyu ; Francisco, Joseph ; Schenter, Gregory K. ; ... - Journal of Chemical Physics, 124:224318 (15)
The OH radical is one of the most important oxidants in the atmosphere due to its high reactivity. The study of hydrogen-bonded complexes of OH with the water molecules is a topic of significant current interest. In this work, we present the development of a new analytical functional form for the interaction potential between rigid OH radical and H2O molecules. To do this we fit a selected functional form to a set of high level ab initio data. Since there are low-lying excited states for the H2O•OH complex, the impact of the excited states on the chemical behavior of themore » OH radical can be very important. We perform a Potential Energy Surface (PES) scan using the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of electronic structure theory for both excited and ground states. To model the physics of the unpaired electron in the OH radical, we develop a tensor polarizability generalization of the Thole Type all-atom polarizable rigid potential for the OH radical, which effectively describes the interaction of OH with H2O for both ground and excited states. The stationary points of (H2O)n•OH clusters were identified as a benchmark of the potential. Battelle operated PNNL for the USDOE.« less

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Vice-president returning to Kenya to rejoin talks
10 March (IRIN)
Sudanese Vice-President Ali Uthman Muhammad Taha is to return to the peace talks in Naivasha, Kenya, on Thursday, following three days of consultations in Khartoum.
The purpose of the consultations held with President Umar al-Bashir and senior government officials was "to try to bring this round of talks to a
close" and "to avert a breakdown of the talks", a government spokesman, Sa'id Khatib, told IRIN on Wednesday. He added that despite the hurdles, "the president was upbeat on the prospect of arriving at a solution".
For the last two months, the government and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A), have been trying to reach agreement on the hotly disputed areas of southern Blue Nile, Abyei and the Nuba mountains. The three areas are traditionally considered part of northern Sudan, following the 1956 administrative boundaries, but are currently partly controlled by the SPLM/A, which says it represents the local populations.
According to the government, the three areas are ineligible for self-determination, unlike southern Sudan, which will hold a referendum on self-determination six and a half years after a peace agreement is signed.
Since a wealth-sharing agreement was signed on 5 January, the two sides have been discussing the three disputed areas - with the exception of a
three-week break at the end of January - but no progress was in sight, according to Malik Eyre Agar, the SPLM/A secretary in southern Blue Nile and a key negotiator at the peace talks.
"No agreement has been reached yet," he told IRIN on Wednesday, adding that the SPLM/A was awaiting a response from the government on its latest position paper.
So far, agreement has been reached on wealth-sharing and security arrangements for the six-and-a-half-year interim period. Once a solution has been hammered out for the three areas, power-sharing arrangements have to be agreed on before the signing of a comprehensive peace agreement.


text:
Q: Linq query is super slow? I copied the sql query built by linq from sql profiler here is what's annoying about it:

*

*It prefixes select ..columnNames.. from (select ..columnNames.. from ( select cNames from view)
Comments: the 2 select statements here are unnecessary.

*this query takes 14 seconds to execute

*when I remove the last line, containing all the params like the @p_linq_0 .. and fill the param values in where condition and execute the very same dynamic query it takes 1 sec or less. Even otherwise this query is taking 0 sec when performed from sql studio. This is so lame of linq.
I might move this to stored proc but I'm scared of using linq now
After further research i found out:
Query 1 :
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT * from TableView WHERE Id = @Id', N'@Id int', @Id = 1

Query 2:
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT * from TableView WHERE Id = 1'

Query 1 takes 12 seconds, Query 2 takes 0 second. This explains why linq query is slow. So now, does that mean I should always use stored procedures or am I missing something?
Why can't Microsoft fix Linq query building, how difficult is it to parse that string and replace the param values instead of passing those params as arguments to sp_executesql

A: I'm with you.  I mean, you could probably uncover the reason for this catastrophic performance hit you've discovered and find a remedy.  But in practice this sort of thing happens with Linq to SQL and spending this extra time to optimize your Linq statement so that the SQL query is more performant on the back-end kind of defeats the purpose.  Linq is supposed to make things easier.
Personally I use Linq-to-SQL or Entity Framework for performing CRUD operations on single records.  And then with any large SELECT statements I'll simply write a stored proc as I've always done.  This seems to be a good compromise between productivity and performance that has worked well for me.
EDIT:
In fact the Entity Framework guys anticipated this.  And Entity Framework works pretty well with stored procedures.  You can add a stored proc to your Entity Framework model and get all that strongly typed goodness.  Then you can call that stored proc from code.

A: You should build the Where predicate dynamically taking out the Application specific daysRange
like so
var query = from v in tableView
            where v.Id == Id
            orderby v.RDate descending
            select v;

if(!daysRange.Equals("All"))
{
  query = query.Where(v => v.RdDate >= fromDate && v.RDate <= toDate);
}

query.ToList();

A: This will work.
ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TableView), "v");
Expression equalsExpression = Expression.Equal(Expression.Property(parameterExpression, "Id"), Expression.Constant(Id));
Expression<Func<TableView, bool>> predicate = Expression.Lamda<Func<TableView, bool>>(equalsExpression, parameter);

var query = from v in tableView
            orderby v.RDate descending
            select v;

if(!daysRange.Equals("All"))
{
  query = query.Where(v => v.RdDate >= fromDate && v.RDate <= toDate);
}

query.Where(predicate).ToList();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Founded in 2004 by Julian Noyce, Non-Duality Press has become the leading publisher of contemporary literature on the subject of non-duality—a teaching, perspective, or way of experiencing life that isn't characterized by division or separation. Non-Duality books shine a light on unique pathways of experience and deconstruct classic dualisms such as existence/non-existence, self/other, good/evil, and life/death. When these dualisms are broken down, the result is transformational, and readers discover their own inner, personal experience of consciousness. We're proud to continue Non-Duality's mission and you can look forward to new books coming soon.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
		<title>jQuery Validation</title>

		<link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">

		<link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">

					<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-6">
            Toggle navigation

          </button>
					JQ validation

							Example

							Options

							Github

 Examples

							Basis

							Callback

							Expand

							Regular

Html

									<textarea class="form-control" rows="18">

<form class="form-horizontal" role="form" id="basis-form">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Email" data-type='email'></div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Password" data-type='password'></div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
      <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button></div>
  </div>
</form>
										</textarea>

JS

$('.form-horizontal').validation();

RUN

									<form class="form-horizontal" role="form" id="basis-form">

											Email

												<input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Email" data-type='email'>

											Password

												<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Password" data-type='password'>

												<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>

									</form>

Html

									<textarea class="form-control" rows="18">

<form class="form-horizontal" role="form" id="callback-form">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Email" data-type='email'></div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Password" data-type='password'></div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
      <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button></div>
  </div>
</form>
										</textarea>

JS

$('#callback-form').validation({
	validationcallBack: function(status, dom, errorMsg, defaultValue) {
		status || layer.tips(errorMsg,dom);
	}
});

RUN

									<form class="form-horizontal" role="form" id="callback-form">

											Email

												<input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Email" data-type='email'>

											Password

												<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Password" data-type='password'>

												<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>

									</form>

Html

									<textarea class="form-control" rows="23">

<form class="form-horizontal" role="form" id="expand-form">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Email" data-type='email'></div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Zip code</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Zip code" data-type='zip'></div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
    <div class="col-sm-10">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Password" data-type='password'></div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
      <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button></div>
  </div>
</form>
										</textarea>

JS

$('#expand-form').validation({
	validationcallBack: function(status, dom, errorMsg, defaultValue) {
		status || layer.tips(errorMsg, dom);
	},
	addOnRules: {
		zip: {
			validate: function(value) {
				return /^[1-9]\d{5}(?!\d)$/.test(value);
			},
			errorMsg: 'Input Zip code',
			defaultValue: '400000'
		}
	}
})

RUN

									<form class="form-horizontal" role="form" id="expand-form">

											Email

												<input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Email" data-type='email'>

											Zip code

												<input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Zip code" data-type='zip'>

											Password

												<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Password" data-type='password'>

												<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>

									</form>

Html

									<textarea class="form-control" rows="20">
<form class="form-horizontal" role="form">
	<div class="form-group">
		<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
		<div class="col-sm-10">
			<input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Email" data-type='email'>
		</div>
	</div>
	<div class="form-group">
		<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
		<div class="col-sm-10">
			<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Password" data-type='password'>
		</div>
	</div>
	<div class="form-group">
		<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
			<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
		</div>
	</div>
</form>
										</textarea>

JS

$('#regular-form').validation({
	validationcallBack: function(status, dom, errorMsg, defaultValue) {
		status || layer.tips(errorMsg, dom);
	}
})

RUN

									<form class="form-horizontal" role="form" id="regular-form">

											Id Card

												<input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Id Card" data-type='reg' data-reg='/^(^[1-9]\d{7}((0\d)|(1[0-2]))(([0|1|2]\d)|3[0-1])\d{3}$)|(^[1-9]\d{5}[1-9]\d{3}((0\d)|(1[0-2]))(([0|1|2]\d)|3[0-1])((\d{4})|\d{3}[Xx])$)$/'>

											Zip code

												<input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Zip code" data-type='zip'>

											Password

												<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Input Password" data-type='password'>

												<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>

									</form>


This is the housing that is welded in at the fuel tank neck. CJ models only. 1 Required.
This is the housing that is welded in at the fuel tank neck. The housing is the proper size to used the original fuel grommet that is not included.


Heat a medium Dutch oven over medium-high heat. Add the olive oil and pancetta, and cook until the pancetta is brown and crispy, about 4 minutes. Remove to a paper-towel-lined plate to drain.
Add the red onion, carrot, garlic and red pepper flakes to the pot. Reduce the heat to medium and cook, stirring often, until fragrant, 1 minute. Add the salt, canned tomatoes, chicken broth and bread cubes; stir to combine. Nestle in the basil sprigs and Parmesan rind. Bring to a simmer, then reduce the heat to maintain a gentle bubble. Stir in the pancetta.
Cook for 25 minutes, stirring often to break apart the bread and prevent the Parmesan rind from sticking to the bottom of the pan. If the soup gets too thick, add extra broth as needed; the finished soup should be silky and thickened. Stir in the grated Parmesan.
To serve, ladle the soup into bowls and top with a sprinkling of Parmesan, a drizzle of olive oil, and chopped basil.


text:
Q: Minimum polynomial of (2n,2n) matrix The question is minimul polynomial of $(2n,2n)$ matrix
\begin{pmatrix}
0 & \cdots & 0 & 1 & \cdots & 1\\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots &\vdots\\
0 & \cdots & 0 & 1 & \cdots & 1\\
1 & \cdots & 1 & 0 & \cdots & 0\\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots &\vdots\\
1 & \cdots & 1 & 0 & \cdots & 0\\
\end{pmatrix}
is $t^3 - n^2t$ ($t$ is variable nad 2 $\leq$ $n$).

A: Let $J$ be the $n\times n$ all-1's  matrix.
A simple calculation shows that the minimal polynomial of $J$ is $t(t-n)$.
Hence the minimal polynomial of $-J$ is $t(t+n)$.
The matrix in the question is clearly similar to $\begin{pmatrix}J & O\\O&-J\end{pmatrix}$. It is therefore killed by the least common multiple of the minimal polynomials of $J$ and $-J$, that is $t(t^2-n^2)$; and is clearly not killed by any proper divisor.
Hence the minimal polynomial is as required.


Home» ts old gos » TS G.O 36 Ambedkar Overseas Vidya Nidhi Scholarship to ST Students Guidelines.
TS G.O 36 Ambedkar Overseas Vidya Nidhi Scholarship to ST Students Guidelines.
TS G.O 36 Ambedkar Overseas Vidya Nidhi Scholarship to ST Students Higher studies in Post Graduate Courses in Foreign Universities Guidelines Ambedkar Overseas Vidya Nidhi Financial assistance for ST Students for pursuing Higher Studies Abroad from the year 2013-14 – Orders – Issued as per G.O.Ms.No. 36 Dated: 04.06.2013.
TS G.O 36 Ambedkar Overseas Vidya Nidhi Scholarship to ST Students Higher studies in Post Graduate Courses in Foreign Universities Guidelines.
TRIBAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT – Ambedkar Overseas Vidya Nidhi Financial assistance for ST Students for pursuing Higher Studies Abroad from the year 2013-14 – Orders – Issued as per G.O.Ms.No. 36 Dated: 04.06.2013.
1.Government of Andhra Pradesh have made substantial investments through providing Post-Matric Scholarships to ST students on a saturation basis. This laudable initiative over the years has encouraged a large number of ST students to complete professional Courses and other Graduate Courses.
2. The post-liberalized economy has thrown vast opportunities and challenges in India and abroad in respect of education and jobs. Students from the ST community are often handicapped because of their extreme backwardness and social stigma to access the benefit of pursuing education abroad to better their lives. With a view to enable the benefit of higher education in Foreign Universities to meritorious ST students thereby providing them an opportunity for better career prospects within the Country and Abroad, the Tribal Welfare Department has proposed to introduce the scheme of Financial Assistance to ST students for pursuing studies abroad in the name of "Ambedkar Overseas Studies Nidhi . This proposal was placed before the Nodal agency for TSP during their meetings held on 13.05.2013 and in the meeting held by the State Council for Development of SCs & STs on 21.05.2013. After detailed discussions, the scheme of assisting the ST graduates to pursue higher education in reputed foreign universities was approved for implementation as a new scheme for the benefit of STs from the year 2013-14.
(a) Income: ST Students whose family income is less than Rs.2.50 lakhs per annum from all sources are eligible. Total income from all sources of the employed candidates or his/her parents/guardians, shall not exceed Rs.2.50 lakhs per annum. In case of employees, salary certificate from the employer is a must. In all cases the income certificate must be obtained from concerned authorities. A copy of the latest tax assessment as well as the latest monthly salary slip from the employer is also required to be enclosed with the application.
(b) Age: The Maximum age under the scheme shall not exceed 35 years as on 1 st July of the year of advertisement.
1. For Post Graduation Course: 60% marks or equivalent grade in foundation Degree in Engineering / Management / Pure Sciences / Agriculture Sciences / Medicine & Nursing / Social Sciences / Humanities.
2. For Ph.D. Course: 60% marks or equivalent grade in P.G. Course in Engineering / Management / Pure Sciences / Agriculture Sciences / Medicine/ Social Sciences / Humanities.
(d) One child in a family one time Award: Not more than one child of the same parents / guardian's will be eligible and to this effect a self certificate will be required from the candidate. The awardee cannot be considered for the second or subsequent times as the individual can be awarded only once in a life time.
(e) Countries eligible under the Scheme: USA, UK, Australia, Canada and Singapore.
GET download TS G.O 36 Ambedkar Overseas Vidya Nidhi Scholarship to ST Students Guidelines - Click Here.


text:
The Bayou Boyz "For Dr John"
The Bayou Boyz will close out Friday's blues night at 9:15pm at the 40th Annual Cathedral Park Jazz Festival!
Click here to access the Twitch online live streaming of this performance!
The Bayou Boyz grew out of a six-plus year gig at a funky old dive in the Hollywood District of Portland, Oregon – Blackwell's – described by Curtis Salgado as being as close to New Orleans as anyone could get in the city.
Brian Foxworth is a professional touring drummer, singer, songwriter and arranger. He has countless studio sessions, recording with a variety of artists. Brian frequently tours the US and has played gigs as far as Japan and Poland.
A native of Portland Oregon, Brian is a gold mine of every music style. Synonymous with musical heavyweights he started playing in church with the anointing of music at the age of 5 years old. By the age of 15 he played his first gig with Jazz artist Dennis Springer and from there built a promising career in the music industry that has taken him around the world. Brian is Internationally known, and a highly sought after musician.
Having been brought up in the art of drumming, he credits mentors like Bruce Carter, Mel Brown and Carlton Jacksonen.


Holy cow! Ben & Jerry's has introduced its first-ever line of certified vegan ice cream made with almond milk. The Vermont-based ice cream makers now have four non-dairy creations called Chocolate Fudge Brownie, Chunky Monkey, Coffee Caramel Fudge and P.B. & Cookies that will hit the shelves later this month.
"You dared us to go dairyless—and we did!" company boasts. "Ben & Jerry's Non-Dairy flavor creations are made with almond milk and so boldly loaded with chunks and swirls that you'll get Ben & Jerry's euphoria in every bite."
The move comes after a concerted effort to not just satisfy the lactose-intolerant crowd, but environmentally conscious ice cream lovers, too. According to TIME, "these non-dairy creations have been two-and-a-half years in the making and are partly a response to a 2014 Change.org petition that racked up more than 28,000 signatures, including one from the current U.S. Senator from New Jersey Cory Booker."
As for the taste, the folks at Huffington Post did a taste test and were surprised at how some of the flavors were incredibly creamy despite being nondairy. Of the Coffee Caramel Fudge, they said: "This baffling creation tasted and felt like it was full of milk and dairy and all the creamiest creations. The coffee extract and caramel swirls balanced really well with the almond milk."
In terms of nutrition, TIME reported that the vegan versions of Chocolate Fudge Brownie and Chunky Monkey only saves about 40-50 calories. It appears that Ben & Jerry's created the line to stoke the non-dairy sweet tooth, not to kill extra calories.
"As much as Ben & Jerry's customers say, 'We want something healthy,' the dollar really speaks," Kirsten Schimoler, principal food scientist for Ben and Jerry's, told TIME. She focused on making the chunks taste as "indulgent" as possible.
Still, even if these treats won't be so great for your waistline, there are known benefits of a vegan diet—where there are no animal products, such as eggs, butter, milk and cheese allowed. A Western-style diet rich in meat and dairy produce will lead to an 80 percent increase in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from agriculture, according to Tim Redford of the Climate News Network.
A 2014 research paper from UK think tank Chatham House, Livestock—Climate Change's Forgotten Sector, explained why it may be necessary for a lot more people to go vegetarian or at least dial down their consumption of meat and dairy products. Greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, the study said, account for about 14.5 percent of the global total, more than direct emissions from the transportation sector and more than all the emissions produced by the U.S., the world's biggest economy.
Dairy alone is a major driver of environmental stress. The World Wildlife Fund pointed out that the global approximation of 270 million dairy cows and their manure produce greenhouse gas emissions which contribute to climate change and places pressure on natural resources, including freshwater and soil.
"Poor handling of manure and fertilizers can degrade local water resources. And unsustainable dairy farming and feed production can lead to the loss of ecologically important areas, such as prairies, wetlands and forests," the organization said.
Ben & Jerry's has made a clear commitment to a healthier climate future. For instance, the company only uses cage-free eggs, sources fair-trade ingredients, has banned genetically modified organisms (GMO) ingredients by origin and supports mandatory labeling of GMOs. The certified B Corporation uses ingredients including milk and cream from family farmers who do not treat their cows with the synthetic hormone rBGH.
Two degrees of warming makes ice cream melt—but when it comes to our planet, the effects would be absolutely catastrophic. In the U.S., rising sea levels due to climate change will displace poorer communities, and we've already seen how hurricanes like Katrina devastate disadvantaged coastal neighborhoods.
Study after study shows that poor communities and people of color are disproportionately affected by pollution from mountaintop removal, power plants, toxic waste, car smog and a whole host of environmental health hazards. We can fix that—but we need a plan to break our addiction to fossil fuels, and a leader who will accelerate the transition to an economy powered by clean energy sources like solar and wind. This is that plan, and Bernie Sanders is that leader.


text:
She-Ra and the Princesses of Power
She-Ra and the Princesses of Power Season 5 Episode 4
Serie: She-Ra and the Princesses of Power
Episode Title: Stranded
Frisky Dingo
Frisky Dingo is an American animated cartoon series created by Adam Reed and Matt Thompson for Adult Swim. The series revolved around the conflict between a supervillain named Killface and…
High School Prodigies Have It Easy Even in Another World!
Seven high school students that got caught in an airplane accident wake up, in a middle age like fantasy different world where magic and beast-man (juujin) exist. But they do…
Meet the most beloved sitcom horse of the 90s – 20 years later. BoJack Horseman was the star of the hit TV show "Horsin' Around," but today he's washed up,…
Armed Girl's Machiavellism
The Private Aichi Symbiosis Academy was originally a high school for high-class girls. When it became co-ed, the girls, out of fear, asked to be permitted to bring weapons to…
Uncle Grandpa
The adventures of Uncle Grandpa who is out to help every child and adult in the world through the power of imagination. With his mystical R.V. and eternal optimism, Uncle…
The Rocketeer
Kit Secord receives a surprise package on her birthday revealing that she's next in line to become the Rocketeer, a legendary superhero who has the ability to fly with the…
Bokurano
When a strange man in a grotto offers fifteen middle-school students the chance to test the game he's been developing, the kids find little reason not to accept. Who wouldn't…
Jackie Chan Adventures is an American animated television series chronicling the adventures of a fictionalized version of action film star Jackie Chan. Many of the episodes contain references to Chan's…
Yume Tsukai
When people dream, they express their utmost desires and emotions within the confines of their mind; but when their strong emotions cross the border into reality, the dream can turn…
Robotics;Notes
In 2019, Kaito Yashio and Akiho Senomiya are the sole members of the Robotics Club at Central Tanegashima High School in Kyushu, Japan. Kaito is a laid back student and…
Petite Princess Yucie
Petite Princess Yucie is an anime series, which was produced by Gainax, aired from 2002 to 2003, and ran for 26 episodes. Six volumes of videos were released on DVD…
China, IL
China, IL – meaning "China, Illinois" – is an animated television series for the cable network Adult Swim. The series is created by Brad Neely, and features Neely's existing characters…


The ATH-A1000Z Art Monitor® closed-back dynamic headphones feature proprietary large-aperture 53 mm drivers to deliver exquisite Hi-Res Audio reproduction. The hand-assembled drivers include OFC-7N bobbin-wound voice coils for ultra-efficient signal transmission, a pure iron yoke for superior transient response, and a top-mounted PCB for smoother airflow that enables precise diaphragm movement.
The housings of the ATH-A1000Z are crafted from high-rigidity aluminum and incorporate a lightweight magnesium alloy baffle to reduce unwanted resonance. The housings also feature Audio-Technica's Double Air Damping System (D.A.D.S) for deep, natural-sounding bass reproduction. The bass is further extended by the headphones' stitched, ergonomic earpads, which provide outstanding sound isolation along with unmatched comfort. The auto-adjusting fit of A-T's improved 3D wing support system adds to the comfort, allowing you to listen to the headphones' pure, high-resolution audio for hours on end.
Type Closed-back dynamic. Bobbin-wound OFC7N voice coil.


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10 minutes commute to Southworth Ferries, with quick access to West Seattle Fauntleroy, and Vashon.