text:
""" Wrapper functions for TensorFlow layers.

Author: Charles R. Qi
Date: November 2016
"""

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf

def _variable_with_weight_decay(name, shape, stddev, wd, use_xavier=True):
    """Helper to create an initialized Variable with weight decay.

    Note that the Variable is initialized with a truncated normal distribution.
    A weight decay is added only if one is specified.

    Args:
        name: name of the variable
        shape: list of ints
        stddev: standard deviation of a truncated Gaussian
        wd: add L2Loss weight decay multiplied by this float. If None, weight
            decay is not added for this Variable.
        use_xavier: bool, whether to use xavier initializer

    Returns:
        Variable Tensor
    """
    if use_xavier:
        initializer = tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer()
    else:
        initializer = tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=stddev)
    var = tf.get_variable(name, shape, initializer = initializer)
    if wd is not None:
        weight_decay = tf.multiply(tf.nn.l2_loss(var), wd, name='weight_loss')
        tf.add_to_collection('losses', weight_decay)
    return var

def conv1d(inputs,
           num_output_channels,
           kernel_size,
           scope,
           stride=1,
           padding='SAME',
           use_xavier=True,
           stddev=1e-3,
           weight_decay=0.0,
           activation_fn=tf.nn.relu,
           bn=False,
           bn_decay=None,
           is_training=None):

    """ 1D convolution with non-linear operation.

    Args:
        inputs: 3-D tensor variable BxLxC
        num_output_channels: int
        kernel_size: int
        scope: string
        stride: int
        padding: 'SAME' or 'VALID'
        use_xavier: bool, use xavier_initializer if true
        stddev: float, stddev for truncated_normal init
        weight_decay: float
        activation_fn: function
        bn: bool, whether to use batch norm
        bn_decay: float or float tensor variable in [0,1]
        is_training: bool Tensor variable

    Returns:
        Variable tensor
    """
    with tf.variable_scope(scope) as sc:
        num_in_channels = inputs.get_shape()[-1].value
        kernel_shape = [kernel_size, num_in_channels, num_output_channels]
        kernel = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights',
                                             shape=kernel_shape,
                                             use_xavier=use_xavier,
                                             stddev=stddev,
                                             wd=weight_decay)
        outputs = tf.nn.conv1d(inputs, kernel,
                               stride=stride,
                               padding=padding)
        biases = tf.get_variable('biases', [num_output_channels],
                                 initializer = tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
        outputs = tf.nn.bias_add(outputs, biases)

        if bn:
            outputs = tf.contrib.layers.batch_norm(outputs, decay = bn_decay, updates_collections = None,
                                             epsilon = 1e-5, scale = True, is_training = is_training,
                                             scope = 'bn')

        if activation_fn is not None:
            outputs = activation_fn(outputs)

        return outputs

def conv2d(inputs,
           num_output_channels,
           kernel_size,
           scope,
           stride=[1, 1],
           padding='SAME',
           use_xavier=True,
           stddev=1e-3,
           weight_decay=0.0,
           activation_fn=tf.nn.relu,
           bn=False,
           bn_decay=None,
           is_training=None):
    """ 2D convolution with non-linear operation.

    Args:
        inputs: 4-D tensor variable BxHxWxC
        num_output_channels: int
        kernel_size: a list of 2 ints
        scope: string
        stride: a list of 2 ints
        padding: 'SAME' or 'VALID'
        use_xavier: bool, use xavier_initializer if true
        stddev: float, stddev for truncated_normal init
        weight_decay: float
        activation_fn: function
        bn: bool, whether to use batch norm
        bn_decay: float or float tensor variable in [0,1]
        is_training: bool Tensor variable

    Returns:
        Variable tensor
    """
    with tf.variable_scope(scope) as sc:
        kernel_h, kernel_w = kernel_size
        num_in_channels = inputs.get_shape()[-1].value
        kernel_shape = [kernel_h, kernel_w,
                        num_in_channels, num_output_channels]
        kernel = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights',
                                             shape=kernel_shape,
                                             use_xavier=use_xavier,
                                             stddev=stddev,
                                             wd=weight_decay)
        stride_h, stride_w = stride
        outputs = tf.nn.conv2d(inputs, kernel,
                               [1, stride_h, stride_w, 1],
                               padding=padding)
        biases = tf.get_variable('biases', [num_output_channels],
                                 initializer = tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
        outputs = tf.nn.bias_add(outputs, biases)

        if bn:
            outputs = tf.contrib.layers.batch_norm(outputs, decay = bn_decay, updates_collections = None,
                                             epsilon = 1e-5, scale = True, is_training = is_training,
                                             scope = 'bn')

        if activation_fn is not None:
            outputs = activation_fn(outputs)

        return outputs

def conv2d_transpose(inputs,
                     num_output_channels,
                     kernel_size,
                     scope,
                     stride=[1, 1],
                     padding='SAME',
                     use_xavier=True,
                     stddev=1e-3,
                     weight_decay=0.0,
                     activation_fn=tf.nn.relu,
                     bn=False,
                     bn_decay=None,
                     is_training=None):
    """ 2D convolution transpose with non-linear operation.

    Args:
        inputs: 4-D tensor variable BxHxWxC
        num_output_channels: int
        kernel_size: a list of 2 ints
        scope: string
        stride: a list of 2 ints
        padding: 'SAME' or 'VALID'
        use_xavier: bool, use xavier_initializer if true
        stddev: float, stddev for truncated_normal init
        weight_decay: float
        activation_fn: function
        bn: bool, whether to use batch norm
        bn_decay: float or float tensor variable in [0,1]
        is_training: bool Tensor variable

    Returns:
        Variable tensor

    Note: conv2d(conv2d_transpose(a, num_out, ksize, stride), a.shape[-1], ksize, stride) == a
    """
    with tf.variable_scope(scope) as sc:
        kernel_h, kernel_w = kernel_size
        num_in_channels = inputs.get_shape()[-1].value
        kernel_shape = [kernel_h, kernel_w,
                        num_output_channels, num_in_channels] # reversed to conv2d
        kernel = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights',
                                             shape=kernel_shape,
                                             use_xavier=use_xavier,
                                             stddev=stddev,
                                             wd=weight_decay)
        stride_h, stride_w = stride

        # from slim.convolution2d_transpose
        def get_deconv_dim(dim_size, stride_size, kernel_size, padding):
            dim_size *= stride_size

            if padding == 'VALID' and dim_size is not None:
                dim_size += max(kernel_size - stride_size, 0)
            return dim_size

        # caculate output shape
        in_shape = tf.shape(inputs)
        batch_size = in_shape[0]
        height = in_shape[1]
        width = in_shape[2]
        out_height = get_deconv_dim(height, stride_h, kernel_h, padding)
        out_width = get_deconv_dim(width, stride_w, kernel_w, padding)
        output_shape = [batch_size, out_height, out_width, num_output_channels]

        outputs = tf.nn.conv2d_transpose(inputs, kernel, output_shape,
                                         [1, stride_h, stride_w, 1],
                                         padding=padding)
        biases = tf.get_variable('biases', [num_output_channels],
                                 initializer = tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
        outputs = tf.nn.bias_add(outputs, biases)

        if bn:
            outputs = tf.contrib.layers.batch_norm(outputs, decay = bn_decay, updates_collections = None,
                                             epsilon = 1e-5, scale = True, is_training = is_training,
                                             scope = 'bn')

        if activation_fn is not None:
            outputs = activation_fn(outputs)

        return outputs

def conv3d(inputs,
           num_output_channels,
           kernel_size,
           scope,
           stride=[1, 1, 1],
           padding='SAME',
           use_xavier=True,
           stddev=1e-3,
           weight_decay=0.0,
           activation_fn=tf.nn.relu,
           bn=False,
           bn_decay=None,
           is_training=None):
    """ 3D convolution with non-linear operation.

    Args:
        inputs: 5-D tensor variable BxDxHxWxC
        num_output_channels: int
        kernel_size: a list of 3 ints
        scope: string
        stride: a list of 3 ints
        padding: 'SAME' or 'VALID'
        use_xavier: bool, use xavier_initializer if true
        stddev: float, stddev for truncated_normal init
        weight_decay: float
        activation_fn: function
        bn: bool, whether to use batch norm
        bn_decay: float or float tensor variable in [0,1]
        is_training: bool Tensor variable

    Returns:
        Variable tensor
    """
    with tf.variable_scope(scope) as sc:
        kernel_d, kernel_h, kernel_w = kernel_size
        num_in_channels = inputs.get_shape()[-1].value
        kernel_shape = [kernel_d, kernel_h, kernel_w,
                        num_in_channels, num_output_channels]
        kernel = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights',
                                             shape=kernel_shape,
                                             use_xavier=use_xavier,
                                             stddev=stddev,
                                             wd=weight_decay)
        stride_d, stride_h, stride_w = stride
        outputs = tf.nn.conv3d(inputs, kernel,
                               [1, stride_d, stride_h, stride_w, 1],
                               padding=padding)
        biases = tf.get_variable('biases', [num_output_channels],
                                 initializer = tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
        outputs = tf.nn.bias_add(outputs, biases)

        if bn:
            outputs = tf.contrib.layers.batch_norm(outputs, decay = bn_decay, updates_collections = None,
                                             epsilon = 1e-5, scale = True, is_training = is_training,
                                             scope = 'bn')

        if activation_fn is not None:
            outputs = activation_fn(outputs)

        return outputs

def fully_connected(inputs,
                    num_outputs,
                    scope,
                    use_xavier=True,
                    stddev=1e-3,
                    weight_decay=0.0,
                    activation_fn=tf.nn.relu,
                    bn=False,
                    bn_decay=None,
                    is_training=None):
    """ Fully connected layer with non-linear operation.

    Args:
        inputs: 2-D tensor BxN
        num_outputs: int

    Returns:
        Variable tensor of size B x num_outputs.
    """
    with tf.variable_scope(scope) as sc:
        num_input_units = inputs.get_shape()[-1].value
        weights = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights',
                                              shape=[num_input_units, num_outputs],
                                              use_xavier=use_xavier,
                                              stddev=stddev,
                                              wd=weight_decay)
        outputs = tf.matmul(inputs, weights)
        biases = tf.get_variable('biases', [num_outputs],
                                 initializer = tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
        outputs = tf.nn.bias_add(outputs, biases)

        if bn:
            outputs = tf.contrib.layers.batch_norm(outputs, decay = bn_decay, updates_collections = None,
                                             epsilon = 1e-5, scale = True, is_training = is_training,
                                             scope = 'bn')

        if activation_fn is not None:
            outputs = activation_fn(outputs)

        return outputs

def max_pool2d(inputs,
               kernel_size,
               scope,
               stride=[2, 2],
               padding='VALID'):
    """ 2D max pooling.

    Args:
        inputs: 4-D tensor BxHxWxC
        kernel_size: a list of 2 ints
        stride: a list of 2 ints

    Returns:
        Variable tensor
    """
    with tf.variable_scope(scope) as sc:
        kernel_h, kernel_w = kernel_size
        stride_h, stride_w = stride
        outputs = tf.nn.max_pool(inputs,
                                 ksize=[1, kernel_h, kernel_w, 1],
                                 strides=[1, stride_h, stride_w, 1],
                                 padding=padding,
                                 name=sc.name)
        return outputs

def avg_pool2d(inputs,
               kernel_size,
               scope,
               stride=[2, 2],
               padding='VALID'):
    """ 2D avg pooling.

    Args:
        inputs: 4-D tensor BxHxWxC
        kernel_size: a list of 2 ints
        stride: a list of 2 ints

    Returns:
        Variable tensor
    """
    with tf.variable_scope(scope) as sc:
        kernel_h, kernel_w = kernel_size
        stride_h, stride_w = stride
        outputs = tf.nn.avg_pool(inputs,
                                 ksize=[1, kernel_h, kernel_w, 1],
                                 strides=[1, stride_h, stride_w, 1],
                                 padding=padding,
                                 name=sc.name)
        return outputs

def max_pool3d(inputs,
               kernel_size,
               scope,
               stride=[2, 2, 2],
               padding='VALID'):
    """ 3D max pooling.

    Args:
        inputs: 5-D tensor BxDxHxWxC
        kernel_size: a list of 3 ints
        stride: a list of 3 ints

    Returns:
        Variable tensor
    """
    with tf.variable_scope(scope) as sc:
        kernel_d, kernel_h, kernel_w = kernel_size
        stride_d, stride_h, stride_w = stride
        outputs = tf.nn.max_pool3d(inputs,
                                   ksize=[1, kernel_d, kernel_h, kernel_w, 1],
                                   strides=[1, stride_d, stride_h, stride_w, 1],
                                   padding=padding,
                                   name=sc.name)
        return outputs

def avg_pool3d(inputs,
               kernel_size,
               scope,
               stride=[2, 2, 2],
               padding='VALID'):
    """ 3D avg pooling.

    Args:
        inputs: 5-D tensor BxDxHxWxC
        kernel_size: a list of 3 ints
        stride: a list of 3 ints

    Returns:
        Variable tensor
    """
    with tf.variable_scope(scope) as sc:
        kernel_d, kernel_h, kernel_w = kernel_size
        stride_d, stride_h, stride_w = stride
        outputs = tf.nn.avg_pool3d(inputs,
                                   ksize=[1, kernel_d, kernel_h, kernel_w, 1],
                                   strides=[1, stride_d, stride_h, stride_w, 1],
                                   padding=padding,
                                   name=sc.name)
        return outputs

def dropout(inputs,
            is_training,
            scope,
            keep_prob=0.5,
            noise_shape=None):
    """ Dropout layer.

    Args:
        inputs: tensor
        is_training: boolean tf.Variable
        scope: string
        keep_prob: float in [0,1]
        noise_shape: list of ints

    Returns:
        tensor variable
    """
    with tf.variable_scope(scope) as sc:
        outputs = tf.cond(is_training,
                          lambda: tf.nn.dropout(inputs, keep_prob, noise_shape),
                          lambda: inputs)
        return outputs

def leaky_relu(inputs,
               leak=0.2):
    """ Leaky relu activation function
    Args:
        inputs: tensor
        leak: leak parameter

    Returns:
        tensor variable
    """
    outputs = tf.maximum(inputs, leak*inputs)
    return outputs


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I have filed joint tax return for 2012 tax year. My wife is not eligible for SSN (she's on H4 visa) so we included the W7 form (application for ITIN) into the package.
This year the rules became more strict and our CPA told us to go to IRS in person and submit original documents within the tax return and the W7 form.
All that happened on Feb 22nd - more than a month ago.
Several days ago we have received a mail from ITIN department (that is located in Austin, Texas) that they cannot issue the ITIN because they think that the passport does not meet their criteria. They haven't specified what's exactly wrong - they just sent a standard response letter.
The passport is valid, visa is valid, all is fine there - we did re-enter the country several times, etc.
We called the phone number specified on the response letter and, literally, no-one knows what's wrong - they have that we should send them original passport even though the IRS employee verified our documents and mailed the tax return with W7. They sent it internally.
I have no idea what to do. First of all, it is not legal to stay without a passport. If we send the original passport to IRS - it will mean that we violate immigration rules that are clearly saying that passport and visa MUST be available at all times.
Another concern that the passport just might be lost when it's just mailed. It's not possible to track this process - that's the most scary thing. If it get's lost - we're in a big trouble, it's even impossible to prove that you haven't got your passport back.
We came to the local IRS office in person again (Broadway, New York City) and shown them the response letter, even talked to the supervisor. They listened very carefully. Literally, they said: - "We do not know what to do. All we can is to send your documents again. It is not possible to contact ITIN department"
So, this is a circle and we have no idea what we should do. Phone calls to call center do not help at all - they're saying that we need to send an original passport.
I did my taxes with CPA - they have no clue as well and they say, starting this year they cannot contact ITIN department as well.
Any help or advise is highly appreciated - I'm completely lost.
UPDATE: We have received the ITIN.
And here's the story. First, I'd like to say, get ready: the call center is absolutely useless and helpless in this situation. We called about 10 times during this period. Every single time we were provided with a different set of information. Someone was saying: "Send your original passport", Next day they were saying that we should not send anything. Next time they said "go to local office and re-submit your application", etc. Every single time we had a new story to deal with. Try to convince your CPA to call them - they at least talk the same language.
So, what we did? Everything: we went to the local office and re-submitted our application. This time we added all possible paperwork we had: driver's license copy, statements, immigration forms, etc. We also went to our consulate and they gave us a paper saying that the passport is valid and confirming that my wife's birth date and passport number is correct. We sent one more regular mail package containing the paper from consulate with the copies of all possible documents issued by various US organizations.
What happened later is a complete mystery: we have received the rejection letter. The letter was saying that we haven't provided the documents IRS requested and that we have to apply for ITIN once more again. I was not surprised at all and relaxed when I got the official answer.
We called one final time to the call center - they said that they can see the ITIN in their system and we're all set. Of course, they have no clue how our refund will be processed (single or married) but at least we've got a number and we will be able to file an amended return.
The story is not finished yet - we're still waiting for our return to be processed and I will update this post as soon as I get details.
P.S. I already got my NY state tax refund - that one took 2.5 months to get processed.
I still haven't received my refund. Called to the IRS. They said that they do not see my tax return for this year, but they do see the ITIN assigned and it's in the system.
Final UPDATE: In the end, I have got the refund. It took about 6 months in total since we have submitted the documents in person at the local IRS office (Broadway) in NYC. Actually, after we got the confirmation that the ITIN has been assigned, IRS lost our tax return - this was confirmed by the call center employee: they basically didn't know where the tax return was after the ITIN was assigned. They are 2 different departments and probably ITIN department just didn't send it to the Federal Processing Center - this is just a guess, nobody knows and, of course, nobody is responsible for that. We have submitted 2 more copies by mail and one of them apparently worked. Just make sure you don't owe anything: if you're doing a refund, you don't get a fine. Otherwise, you'll have to pay a fine on top of all that. Even if your tax return is lost somewhere in between. Anyway, always have certified mail receipts, save all copies and make sure that you can always proof what you sent and when. I learned a lot of lessons out of it.
I went through the same thing as you, had to file 2-3 times before the application would stop bouncing back (now we're still awaiting the ITIN). There are many things that have to be done exactly right, and even if you follow the W-7 instructions to the letter and have an IRS agent assist you, it may still get rejected.
In lieu of the actual passport, a certified copy from the embassy should be sufficient for the application. Additionally, you can also opt to bring the passport in to an IRS office along with the ITIN application and have it validated in person.
-New W-7 form, filled out correctly and signed. The address on here must match the address on the tax return. If the visa on the passport is expired, do not enter it.
@sam I helped one of my buddies (with being a chauffeur) so I have first hand information for ya. The IRS is extremely strict now and sending in the passport is the only option. Not only that, if there is a local IRS office, the passport has to be sent from that office by one of their employees. One of them IRS employees will check your 1040 and will keep your passport. After a wait of about 6 weeks, my buddys wife got her passport back.
A photocopy of the passport with a "Under processing with IRS" was given upon insisting.
The poor bloke had to change his travel plans, but whatever for a heavy check from the IRS.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged united-states taxes irs itin or ask your own question.
What is the class of mail the IRS uses to return the original documents submitted for an ITIN application?


text:
News Sports Go! Business Data Obituaries E-Edition Legals
Notre Dame golf team takes second at IAC championships
Andrew Legare
Zach Brand finished second to lead Notre Dame to runner-up finish
Trumansburg won fourth IAC Large School title in last five years
Blue Raiders%27 Danny Lapp was medalist for fourth year in a row
HORSEHEADS – Trumansburg overcame tricky weather and unbeaten Elmira Notre Dame on Wednesday to capture the Large School title at the Interscholastic Athletic Conference golf championship tournament at Soaring Eagles Golf Course.
Blue Raiders junior Danny Lapp shot a 7-over-par 78 to earn overall medalist honors by one stroke over Notre Dame senior Zach Brand. Trumansburg finished with a score of 422 and captured its fourth IAC title in the last five years. Lapp was tournament medalist for the fourth straight year.
"They played reasonably well for the conditions," Trumansburg head coach Rob Reakes said of his team. "The conditions were tough. It was really cold this morning. It was windy. It was hard to keep your hands. When you can't feel your hands, you can't putt and you can't chip. Those were reasonable scores considering."
Defending champion Notre Dame, coming off a 14-0 regular season that included a victory over Trumansburg, took second out of nine Large School teams with a 450, followed by Dryden with a 465.
Tioga won the Small School championship with a 465. Defending champion Marathon was second out of nine teams at 499. Sharing medalist honors in the Small School Division were Tioga's Noah Schumacher and Union Springs' Cameron Anthony, who each carded 85s.
Lapp's title came less than a week after he earned medalist honors at the Section 4 state qualifier at Cornell University's Robert Trent Jones Golf Course to qualify for states for the fourth time. He was medalist Monday with a 69 as Trumansburg won the Section 4 Class C title at Marathon.
"It was a tough one out there today. I putted pretty good, but I just couldn't get it in the fairways," Lapp said.
On the 11th hole, Lapp hit the ball in the pond and ended up with a triple-bogey. He bounced back with three birdies and a bogey over the next four holes.
"I was like, 'Gosh, I've got to get my round going,' " he said. "It kind of clicked and I was like, 'I've got to get those shots back.' It worked out good."
Aaron Oliver, Bryce Zdyb and Lennart Stasche each added 85s for Trumansburg. Matt Haefner contributed an 89.
"Honestly, I thought we were going to do worse," Lapp said. "Three 85s, one 78 and one 89, that's pretty good for this kind of weather."
Trumansburg had a 13-2 record in winning the IAC North Large School title, with the losses coming to South members Notre Dame and Watkins Glen. Lapp was out of the lineup against the Senecas, resting a shoulder injury from basketball season.
"It's fun to play against teams that are good," Reakes said of facing Notre Dame. "It brings out the best in you. We played them early, when I hadn't really established a rotation. They got us early, which was a good thing."
Brand, who also qualified for the state meet, had four three-putts Wednesday that ultimately cost him a chance at the title. He won the Dean Winters Award for low score by a senior.
"My long game was fine," he said. "I was hitting the ball well, I was chipping well, but I would get on the greens and I just never felt confident with the way I was putting today and it ended up costing me.
"I thought it was a good day. I thought we played in some tough conditions. The wind was howling, to say the least. I bet it was around 20 miles per hour at some points. And it was kind of cold in the beginning of the round. All things considered, I thought it was a pretty good round of golf."
Mike Stearns added an 83 to place fifth for the Crusaders, who will get a chance to win the Section 4 Class D title Thursday at SUNY Delhi.
"Obviously, our matches are nine holes in the regular season," Brand said. "We don't really get out to play 18 holes a lot. The sectional tournament is big. That's the one we really want. Use today as a learning experience to see what it's like to play 18 holes as a team and come back tomorrow having learned from today and playing better."
Lansing's Nic Whitaker took third overall Wednesday with an 80. Watkins Glen's Ryan Clark was fourth with an 82.
On Twitter: @SGAndrewLegare
© 2022 www.stargazette.com. All rights reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


How your prints or media are delivered are just as important to me as the images I take. I have done my best to ensure that delivery charges are reasonable - I do not use them as a way of adding additional costs to your order. The sad fact is is that shipping is expensive once you factor in the cost of effective packaging to make sure your images arrive in pristine order!
Digital files: these are available directly after you have paid for your order. DVD??™s: dispatch is usually 5 working days Landscape prints: these are printed fresh are not from stock. I aim to dispatch unmounted prints within 5 working days. Mounted prints may take a little longer up to 7 working days. Greeting cards: these are printed fresh and are not from stock. Please allow up to 5 working days for dispatch of your order.
Your statutory right is that you can return anything your purchase online within 7 days of purchase. If your item arrives damaged in any way, I will replace it no questions asked.


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Nations Line Up to Donate Support
Posted by commcom on Sep 8, 2005 in Uncategorized | 0 comments
Contrary to some of the rumors floating around, it would appear that the many nations which have lined up to offer aid to the Hurricane Katrina relief efforts were not turned away. At the worst it would seem that the confusion surrounding the relief efforts have caused some of this aid to get locked up in red tape.
Since Saturday, a Swedish transport plane carrying equipment for water purification and three cellular networks has been sitting on the tarmac at an airport in western Sweden awaiting U.S. flight clearance, Claes Thorson, press counselor at the Swedish Embassy in Washington, said Wednesday.
Despite State Department assurances that foreign aid was welcome, officials in Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Norway, India and South Korea told the Associated Press they were waiting to hear when and where some donations could be sent.
What everyone needs to remember here is that the situation on the ground in the Gulf is extremely volatile, with rescuers focusing on finding any survivors and getting them to safety. To be honest, I heard someone on the radio yesterday claiming that all offers of foreign aid have been turned away by the Bush administration. While I can not confirm whether this was ever true, it is obviously not true now. I am sorry, but there are plenty of things that deserve serious scrutiny and criticism when it comes to the response to Katrina but apparently this is not one of them. So, in an effort to clear things up a bit here is a list of what nations have offered in the way of support culled from today's USA Today.
Who's giving – and what
Foreign countries have responded generously to Hurricane Katrina. Donor nations and their contribution:
Afghanistan $100,000
Armenia $100,000
Australia $7.6 million
Azerbaijan $500,000
Bahamas $50,000
Bahrain $5 million
Bangladesh $1 million
Belgium Medical/logistics teams
Canada 2 helicopters, 32-person rescue team, evacuation flights, medical supplies
China $5.1 million cash and relief supplies
Djibouti $50,000
Finland Search-and-rescue team; 3 logistics specialists
France Tents, tarps, MREs, water treatment supplies, cleaning equipment
Gabon $500,000
Georgia $50,000
Germany MREs, high speed pumps, forensic experts
Greece 2 cruise ships
India $5 million
Iraq $1,000,000 cash
Ireland $1,000,000 cash
Israel Tents, first-aid kits, baby formula
Italy Generators, water pumps/purifiers, tents, med supplies
Japan $200,000 cash and $844,000 in relief supplies, $1.5 million in private donations.
Kuwait $400 million in oil, $100 million cash
Maldives $25,000 cash
Mexico Transport vehicles, 1 helicopter, ambulance and medical teams.
Mongolia $50,000 cash
Nepal $25,000 cash
New Zealand $1.4 million cash, search and rescue teams
Nigeria $1 million cash
Norway $1.54 million in relief supplies
Qatar $100 million cash
Republic of Korea $30 million cash and in-kind donations
Saudi Arabia $5 million from Aramco, $250,000 from Agfund
Singapore 3 helicopters
Sri Lanka $25,000 cash
Taiwan $2 million cash, medical supplies
Thailand Forensic experts, blankets and food
UAE $100 million cash
UK MREs
Venezuela Up to $1 million
Source: State Department


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Henagan, Barnabas Kelet
June 7, 1798–January 10, 1855
While governor, he urged the improvement of public education. His accusations that corrupt legislators sold "their votes for money and for whiskey" did not win him many friends in the General Assembly.
< 1 minutes to read
Governor. Henagan was born on June 7, 1798, in Marlboro District, the son of Darby and Drusilla Henagan. He studied medicine and eventually opened a medical practice. However, most of his attention was directed toward his planting interests and politics. Initially, he lived in Marlboro, but by the 1840s he resided in Marion District. He had landholdings in both districts and owned thirty-one slaves. Henagan married twice. His first wife was Mary Savage Gibson, and they had nine children. After her death he wed Ann Maria Wickham Ellerbe, a widow.
From 1834 to 1838, Henagan represented Marlboro District in the S.C. Senate. In 1838 the General Assembly elected him lieutenant governor. After Governor Patrick Noble's death, he was sworn in as governor on April 17, 1840. While governor, he urged the improvement of public education. His accusations that corrupt legislators sold "their votes for money and for whiskey" did not win him many friends in the General Assembly. He left office on December 10, 1840, and he settled in his wife's home district, Marion. In 1844 the voters of Marion District elected him to the S.C. Senate and reelected him in 1846. In December 1846, after being elected to a four-year term as secretary of state of South Carolina, he resigned his senate seat. Henagan died on January 10, 1855, and was buried in Marion District.
Written by Walter Edgar
Title Henagan, Barnabas Kelet
Coverage June 7, 1798–January 10, 1855
Author Walter Edgar
URL https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/henagan-barnabas-kelet/
Original Published Date August 3, 2016
Date of Last Update September 22, 2016


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'Where in the world is Osama bin Laden?' captures heart
Alyssa Lofgren
Where in the World is Osama bin Laden?" opens with a tight shot of a positive pregnancy test. When the shot shifts to a pixie-ish blonde, holding a cluster of other positive tests, you might be thinking, "Am I in the wrong theatre? What does this have to do with bin Laden?"
Don't worry, you're in the right place – this slightly off-kilter montage is the basis of director Morgan Spurlock's quest to to protect his forthcoming son from one of the biggest dangers in the world, Osama bin Laden.
People may remember Spurlock from his acclaimed "Super Size Me," in which he ate fast food for 30 days straight, documenting the ill side effects which help contribute to America's growing obesity epidemic.
Spurlock follows suit by first enrolling in an urban self-defense class, preparing himself for such things as pepper spray in the face and suicide bombers. Watching Spurlock dart oncoming grenades is amusing, but not nearly as amusing as the Osama bin Laden videogame fight sequences.
A trailer park backdrop sets the scene as "red neck power" is summoned and Spurlock kicks and punches towards a levitating bin Laden. These sequences, which appear frequently throughout the first portion of the film, lighten the attitude about Spurlock traveling through some dangerous areas of the Middle East.
Those in support of right-wing practices will try and peg this film as a leftist attempt at humanizing the Middle East, but the film is not so much centered around politics as it as on cultural relativity. Spurlock travels first to Egypt, where he spends his time conversing with citizens and students about the impact of the United States on their foreign policies.
As people might expect, the Egyptians are just as unhappy with their own president as many Americans are with theirs. This first segment of Spurlock abroad sets the tone for realizing that the Middle East is not a mecca of bloodthirsty natives consumed with destroying America.
Spurlock continues to travel to other destinations, stopping in Israel, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan. He is able to meet and interview some involved sources, including the siblings of major Taliban and Al Qaida informants.
However, his documentary does create more involved awareness about the types of censorship and force used on some peoples of Middle Eastern countries. In Saudi Arabia, Spurlock questions two high-school boys in a classroom. Their teachers sit near Spurlock as a translator repeats his questions. The boys, who are hesitant to speak, flinch when Spurlock asks how they feel about Israel. An awkward pause ensues, and just like that, a man says "Stop the cameras," and the interview is over.
This forceful shut down is reminiscent of many encounters within American news media, but is emphasized further when newspapers, magazines and women's wardrobe styles are analyzed. Close-minded viewers may feel a slight opening of their hearts when they realize that in many parts of the Middle East, freedom is not a viable option.
Spurlock's film does a fine job documenting the truth behind creating a controversial film – of all the places he goes, he is met with varying types of people. While he does run into a few sources who are completely unwilling to talk and resort to physical violence, for the most part he is able to document people's true feelings of frustration, anger and compassion.
The only slight flaw with this film is that viewers may find themselves asking "What's the point?" The point is that "Where in the World is Osama bin Laden?" was likely created for an audience who isn't super aware of our political activity in the Middle East.
The film is directed towards those who might appreciate an alternate perspective of foreign countries, proving that not all Middle Eastern citizens are terrorists who are out to get us. It also manages to cram a ton of humanity into a visually engaging format – the film is fun to watch as the video-game type graphics and political caricatures dominate many scenes.
While Spurlock never finds bin Laden, he does find the caves where bin Laden hid, and a whole plethora of interesting people who are happy to talk about America's Most Wanted. Don't see "Where in the World is Osama bin Laden?" expecting an answer to all of America's tangled problems – see it expecting a humorous journey through countries full of people not so unlike our own.
Alyssa Lofgren, Author


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Q: retweeting by twitter.com/intent/retweet vs twitter4j I want to add retweet button to my website and I have two option:
I can create application in twitter and go through all steps and when user click retweet he should first authorize my app then after his authorization I can use twitter4j to retweet on his account
BUT:
the simpler way is to use this the following:
<a href='https://twitter.com/intent/retweet?tweet_id=111111111<

which works perfectly. the thing that I am wondering now what is the different between the two. When I can use the second approach which is easier why should I use the first  approach? is there any advantage that the first approach  has and the second does not have?

A: Difference is in User Interaction:
API:
Retweet is an important feature, so it will be there in API. Applications built based on twitter API NEED this.
Once user authorizes the app, you can write a function which automates retweeting when the tweet contains certain words, etc. It needs no user interaction.
URL:
https://twitter.com/intent/retweet?tweet_id=111111111
https://dev.twitter.com/docs/intents#retweet-intent
This needs user interaction. Clicking this link opens a popup where user HAVE to click a button to do the required action.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Thomas J. Norton | Jul 15, 2020
Effective local dimming
Precise HDR tracking
Poor off-center viewing
Minor banding artifacts
The Hisense 65H8G proves that even budget TVs now offer features enabling a high level of performance that was previously the domain of much pricier sets.
Hisense has joined the ranks of LCD TV makers using quantum dots, a technology that enables sets to more closely approach the wider color gamut promised by Ultra HDTV. (Quantum dots generate red and green light when energized by a blue LED, with the sum total providing the backlighting that LCD TVs require.) Along with the 65-inch 65H8G reviewed here, Hisense's H8G series also includes a 75-inch model, the largest flat-panel the company offers. For larger screen sizes, the company offers a range of ultra short throw laser projectors.
Hisense is based in China, and the 65H8G is assembled in Mexico. The set's design is conventional, with only a thin black edge of frame barely visible around the screen. For table installations, the 65H8G provides two pair of mounting positions for the attached feet: one at the usual width near the screen's edges, and the other slightly closer together to accommodate a range of setup options.
The 65H8G is compatible with the Dolby Vision, HDR10, and HLG high dynamic range formats. Hisense also says the set supports HDR10+ via an HDMI input, but not from its built-in Amazon Prime Video app (Amazon is one of the few streaming services to offer programs with HDR10+). When displaying an HDR10 video source, the set employs its own internal Hi-View Engine processor as needed to optimize tone mapping for the set's peak brightness capability.
While a selectable Dolby Atmos audio feature is provided on the 65H8G, there's no evidence that any audio is directed upward by the set to produce the signature Atmos feature: overhead, object-based sound effects. But apart from the set's speakers being audibly overloaded by deep bass in my large room, overall sound was quite listenable and worked best with the Atmos feature turned off.
All four of the set's HDMI 2.0 inputs can accept and display sources at up to 4K/60Hz in either HDR or SDR. HDMI input 1 is ARC-capable. Other connections include a composite-video input with stereo audio, an optical digital audio output, a mini-jack headphone output, an RF antenna input, two USB ports (one 3.0, the other 2.0), and a LAN (Ethernet) port.
The 65H8G's Android-driven Smart TV features includes a number of preloaded apps for wireless streaming, including YouTube, Netflix, Amazon, and Vudu. You can download others from an extensive list with popular sites such as Disney+ and Hulu through an Apps menu. I restricted my streaming to YouTube and Netflix, with picture quality ranging from adequate to superb depending on the source material. Along with apps, the set's Android smart TV features include playback of your own music, photos, and videos.
Hisense makes no claims for special gaming features on the 65H8G such as Variable Refresh Rate (VRR), but it does offer a Game picture mode. With this active, I recorded a 10.5ms lag time using the 1080p Leo Bodnar input lag measuring device—a very good result. Measured in Theater Dark mode, however, input lag was 71.1ms.
The set's remote control isn't backlit. I initially managed to hit the wrong buttons in the dark, but as with most remotes, familiarity reduced that annoyance over time.
The 65H8G comes with only a rudimentary Quick Setup Guide. There's no on-screen user manual, though one is available on the Hisense website. Unfortunately, some instructions offered there were inadequate for the user having no past experience with the specific feature being researched. In particular, there was no useful guidance on the set's included Alexa and Google Assistant capabilities.
Picture controls include a Color Tuner (Hisense's name for its color management system, or CMS), both 2- and 20-step White Balance adjustments, and a multi-position gamma control. On most sets, the "gamma" for HDR is fixed and can't be changed by the user since HDR gamma (more correctly called the EOTF, or Electro-Optical Transfer Function) by design must follow a specific curve (PQ, or Perceptual Quantization—try to keep up with the acronyms!). But the 65H8G's gamma control is adjustable for both SDR and HDR10, though not for Dolby Vision. There's also an unusual Gamma Calibration control that can adjust the gamma up or down at 5% brightness intervals and is separately adjustable for HDR and SDR. My advice: leave the H8G's "Gamma" control at its default setting of 2.2 and avoid using either of these adjustments for HDR.
I selected the 65H8G's Theater Dark picture mode for all of my standard dynamic range (SDR) calibrations and viewing, and HDR Theater for high dynamic range (HDR10). Of the three Dolby Vision options—Dolby Vision Dark, Dolby Vision Bright, and Dolby Vision Custom—I used Dolby Vision Bright.
A Dynamic Contrast control is available to enhance the contrast between light and dark areas of the picture depending on the characteristics of each scene. Although the Low setting did offer a subtle enhancement with some material, I left this control off most of the time.
According to Hisense, 90 zones are used for the set's full array local dimming feature. Four settings are available, including Off, but I used the default High setting exclusively. Related adjustments include Backlight control, Automatic Light Sensor, and Minimum Backlight settings. Hisense claims an effective refresh rate of 240Hz, but its native rate is 60Hz. (Processing must be used to simulate 240Hz, which is typically done by modulating the backlighting.)
Some of the 65H8G's Motion Enhancement features proved more effective and resulted in less soap-opera-like images than others. A separate Motion Clearness control inserts black frames between the actual video frames, a process that can reduce motion blur with fewer side effects than the typical frame interpolation techniques. But as is usually the case, the addition of dark frames here produced a dramatic loss of brightness. With all motion compensation controls left off, I saw a trace of judder on film material, mainly on horizontal pans across vertical objects such as fences, but it was never obvious enough to be an issue.
To Calibrate or Not to Calibrate
That is the question. In SDR mode, the 65H8G's Low Color Temperature setting showed both a visible and measurable red shift. The Low-Mid setting, which edged a bit toward blue but was no more accurate, will likely please more viewers who don't pop for a professional video calibration. (People are more tolerant of excessive blue than excessive red in an image, which is why makers of TVs—and laundry detergent!—have long relied on excess blue to grab a viewer's eyeballs.)
Whether or not an aftermarket calibration, which is typically priced around $400, makes sense for an $800 TV is a personal matter. A calibrated 65H8G might well exceed the performance of an uncalibrated $1,200 set, but there are too many variables involved to say for certain.
Hisense USA
www.hisense-usa.com


I must have driven by the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge twenty times or so since I've taken up birdwatching because it is such a long drive home from Santa Rosa and I'm generally in a rush. I nearly did that on this trip too, but since I was alone I decided to stop and check it out, figuring that, if need be, I could spend the night nearby.
I'm certainly glad I did, and I'm sure I'll be stopping by many more times in the future.
which has always seemed the more elegant of the two egrets we see regularly.
and that was in the middle of a rainstorm in Malheur. Unfortunately it wasn't in breeding colors. Although it's the most common grebe in America, the Pacific Northwest appears to be outside its normal range.
Good that you stopped at the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge. I especially like the photo of the Eared Grebe.


It's no secret to people who walk or drive the streets of Los Angeles that homeless people — tens of thousands of them — are everywhere.
On Tuesday, having looked at numbers showing the city's homeless population has increased more than 10 percent over the past two years, officials announced they have decided enough is enough.
Mayor Eric Garcetti and several other elected officials stood outside City Hall — a few feet from several homeless people dozing on a lawn — to announce they plan to declare a state of emergency on homelessness and spend $100 million to eradicate it.
"These are our fellow Angelinos," the mayor said. "They are those who have no other place to go, and they are literally here where we work, a symbol of our city's intense crisis."
Six blocks away, on the city's notorious Skid Row, thousands more live permanently in tents, makeshift cardboard shelters and sometimes just on the sidewalk itself.
"If you walk five blocks south and one block over, you'll enter the largest concentration of homeless in the country — about 4,000 homeless living in Skid Row," said Councilman Jose Huizar, who co-chairs the City Council's homelessness & poverty committee.
The emergency declaration and the funding will require action by the full City Council. Officials didn't say exactly where the money will come from, but Council President Herb Wesson promised it would be found "somehow, some way."
Huizar spokesman Rick Coca said afterward that officials anticipate it will come from the city's general fund, adding "a more robust financial forecast for the city" is anticipated in the months ahead.
Councilmembers said they hope to have a draft strategic plan on homelessness by December.
The first rollout of funds — projected for Jan. 1, 2016 — would go toward permanent housing and shelter, according to Wesson's office.
Garcetti had already announced plans Monday to release nearly $13 million in such newly anticipated excess tax revenue for short-term housing initiatives. The bulk of that money would be dedicated to housing homeless veterans.
Alice Callaghan, a longtime advocate for the homeless on Skid Row, said the proposed funding would not be nearly enough to stop the loss of affordable housing, especially in rapidly gentrifying areas of downtown and on the city's west side.
Skid Row itself has been touched in recent years by that gentrification as aging hotels and abandoned buildings have been turned into expensive lofts, condos and apartments. Upscale coffee shops and restaurants now compete for space with homeless shelters and flophouses on the area's 50 square blocks.
"A hundred million dollars won't even buy all the homeless pillows," Callaghan said, contrasting LA's proposal with New York City's $41 billion affordable housing plan unveiled last year. "A hundred million certainly won't build much housing — and what we really have here is a housing crisis."
Experts blame that crisis on several factors, including the long recession, the city's gentrification and its rapidly rising rents and home prices. Those events have combined to push the homeless population steadily higher since 2013, to a figure now estimated at 20,000.
Those factors also have helped push some out of Skid Row and many more all across the city. Some homeless now reside on bluffs overlooking freeways, in ocean-front parks and in hillside nooks and crannies. Others have moved right into suburbia.
A graphic map published by the Los Angeles Times in June — and drawn from statistics provided by the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority — revealed people living in cars and tents in such fashionable areas as Brentwood and the wealthiest sections of the San Fernando Valley.
Earlier this year, a study by the city's top budget official found Los Angeles already spends $100 million a year to deal with homelessness — much of it on arrests and other police services —but its departments have no coordinated approach for addressing the problem. Without clear guidelines, departments instead tend to rely on ad hoc responses, according to the report by City Administrative Officer Miguel Santana.
Callaghan said she fears this latest initiative is aimed more at "reducing the visibility" of the homeless ahead of a proposed bid to bring the Olympics to Los Angeles in 2024, rather than getting homeless people off the street permanently.
"They can spend billions on getting the Olympics," she said of the proposal that anticipates spending $6 billion in public and private financing to bring the Games to LA. "But not on getting people off the sidewalks."


Compare Electricity and Gas plans, prices, rates and discounts in Canobolas, 2800, New South Wales.
Canobolas is a suburb located in the Cabonne Shire Council on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. The population of Canobolas is approximately 513 residents. Best places to be in Canobolas are Mount Canobolas State Recreation Area, Federal Falls campground, Campbell's Corner and Federal Falls. Some suburb around Canobolas are Springside, Nashdale, Spring Terrace, Spring Creek, Cadia, Four Mile Creek, Waldegrave, Lidster and Orange Dc.
Why Canobolas should compare energy prices using Econnex?


Top Presents are different for nearly everybody. You will find Christmas gifts for him, her, teens and children here. Some are popular in shops while other medication is from greatest and most fun Gifts for Christmas list from toy fairs and manufacturers.
Many of the concert prices are based on where your market stadium the seat considering is strategically placed. As a rule it is more to buy tickets will be closer with enough force then the other locations of this stadium. Seating is a large thing consider when making an acquisition as dinners out of very have a lot of bearing on your costs you will probably have.
DH: (Laughing) Pure functioning. I knew he really wasn't trying to obtain me. None of made really "real". Maybe in Halloween 5, when I used running from woods and Michael's chasing me with a car, that was probably single time I was really shocked. I was actually the one doing the running at night woods. Our stunt coordinator mapped out a route for me to play certain trees, so I had to make sure to turn at the tree, in which tree. From the being scared that I wasn't gonna be remember which way he wanted me to return. There was just so much smoke, it also was late, and dark, so Acquired definitely notes on worried concerning this.
So should you not want to miss out more than a latest theatre tickets for shows like One Man Two Guvnors, Cirque Du Soleil, or War Horse, make sure you buy tickets online from a comfortable vendor. Usually vendors will sell selection of tickets in a number of categories, so there'll end up being something to please everyone. Therefore if dad in order to buy Premiership League tickets at duration as for males kids Concert Tickets, it can all be accomplished in one property.
DH: And that's funny, because recently a few reporters have said they've seen the YouTube videos and said they were going to do that to me, so I understand it's using.
Those few words from my friend changed everything. I went online in the motel lobby to make out the simple application, by means of the following day when a store called to tell me exactly how much my car was to be able to cost to obtain fixed, I already had more than enough utilize the bank to cover it. It really made my sticky situation a great deal easier.
Beware, don't just throw your tickets, CD's, T-shirts round.put them in best hands for almost any review. Let's stick together and stop the 'rip offs' from 'ripping off' the artist conciertos de marco Antonio Solis En Miami 2017 and sticker label.
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About Shawnte
Have A Podcast Show Idea or Want To Be Interviewed?
Have A Podcast Idea or Want To Be Interviewed? – Contact me today
Shawnte Mckinnon is an unconventionalist
Her path has been marked and shaped by the conundrums of life, which has placed her on a journey of non-traditional choices. Shawnte clearly believes there is definitely "more than one way to skin a cat."
I am joy, peace, love, hope, serenity, humility, kindness, benevolence, empathy, generosity, truth, compassion and faith. ~African Proverb
"I believe that
there are walls designed to block 'you' in particular. Whether it's physical, mental, or spiritual, there are walls that present themselves from the moment you are formed in your mother's womb. The key is not to be consumed by those walls, but to work around them by any means necessary. The method is your choice. You can climb over it, pick the wall apart brick by brick, go under it, or walk around it; however, get past those walls. The walls were never designed to move for you—their job is to block you, but you were designed to move beyond it."
It was Shawnte's walls that led her to enlist in the United States Air Force and subsequently earn her business degree where she then forged a successful career all while working her way up the corporate ladder. Shawnte has now added entrepreneurship to her growing list of accomplishments. Shawnte's own tumultuous journey of life fueled her passion to help others heal, release and be restored. This passion became the catalyst which lead Shawnte to birth her own platform, where she serves as host, creative director and executive producer of The Shawnte Mckinnon Show. Shawnte is also a self-published author of the book "I've Got to Comb my Hair," a riveting story of how God uses pain to direct the paths of our lives and how that pain can be reflective in something as simple as how a woman wears her hair. In addition, Shawnte has worked as a financial professional for more than a decade and even founded her own tax firm in 2014. Shawnte is currently the Director of Operations & Finance for a nonprofit organization headquartered in North Carolina. There she helps to advance business opportunities for Minority Business Enterprises. Shawnte is always striving to help people pursue their best selves—as an author, a business executive or a media personality.

PR & Bookings:
Jameka Whitten, [email protected] |
Website Designed By Design Solutions USA, LLC
© Shawnte Mckinnon. All rights Reserved


The amber Tiara Bowls are beautiful and will compliment your table setting to the fullest. These bowls are great for soups and salads. You dinner guest will think that they are dining with royalty when they set at your table surrounded by this beautiful glassware. These bowls are great way to start your Tiara collection if you haven't already or they are a great addition to the peices that you may already have.
The amber bowls are made of quality glass that is beautifully detailed yet durable enough for you to use when you would like to. You don't have to keep these bowls in a cabinet just for looks feel free to use them. You only need to treat them like any other glass bowl that you may have.
These amber Tiara bowls will make a great gift for a wedding shower or a house warming. The recipient of the bowls will be over-whelmed at the beauty of the gift that they have received. You can be the one that helps them get started on the fine collection of Tiara glassware by gifting them with these beautifully detailed bowls. It can be hard to decide what to get someone who is getting married or celebrating an anniversary, but the amber Tiara bowls can be the gift you've been looking for.


text:
Freedom (disambiguation)
(Redirected from Freedom (newspaper))
Look up freedom in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Freedom, generally, is having an ability to change or act without constraint.
Freedom may also refer to:
2 Computing
5 Arts and entertainment
5.2 Film and television
5.3.1 Albums
5.3.2 Songs
5.4 Other arts
6 Mathematics and physics
7 Press
9 Other uses
Philosophy[edit]
Academic freedom, the right to research, teach and communicate ideas or facts
Autonomy, the capacity to make an informed, un-coerced decision
Free will, the ability to choose between courses of action
Civil liberties, personal guarantees and freedoms that government cannot abridge without due process
Freedom of assembly, the right to come together and collectively express ideas
Freedom of association, the right to join or leave groups voluntarily
Freedom of choice, autonomy to select and perform an action
Freedom of speech, the freedom of an individual or community to articulate opinions and ideas without fear
Economic freedom, the ability of people of a society to take economic actions
Liberty, the ability to do as one pleases
Intellectual freedom, the freedom to hold, receive and disseminate ideas without restriction
Moral responsibility, the status of deserving praise or blame for an act or omission
Rights, legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement
Computing[edit]
Freedom (application), a software utility designed to allow a person to block their own access to the Internet for a set period of time
Freedom! (video game), a 1992 educational computer game on the history of slavery
Software freedom, a social movement promoting the freedom to run, study and change software
Freedom Yachts, an American yacht builder and several of their models
Freedom (yacht), a 12-metre class racing yacht and winner of the 1980 America's Cup
Brutsche Freedom 40, an American homebuilt aircraft design
Colyaer Freedom S100, a Spanish ultralight aircraft
Freedom-class littoral combat ship, warships of the United States Navy
Freedom-class cruise ship, operated by Royal Caribbean International
USS Freedom, any of three US Navy ships
Freedom Ship, a concept for a floating city
Pro-Composites Freedom, an American homebuilt aircraft design
Space Station Freedom, an uncompleted NASA project
Freedom Bridge (South Sudan), a bridge under construction in South Sudan
Places[edit]
Freedom, California
Freedom, Georgia
Freedom, Idaho and Wyoming
Freedom, Indiana
Freedom, Kentucky
Freedom, Maine
Freedom, Michigan
Freedom, Missouri
Freedom, New Hampshire
Freedom, Nebraska
Freedom, New York
Freedom, Ohio (disambiguation)
Freedom, Oklahoma
Freedom, Pennsylvania
Freedom, Utah
Freedom, Forest County, Wisconsin
Freedom, Outagamie County, Wisconsin
Freedom (community), Outagamie County, Wisconsin
Freedom, Sauk County, Wisconsin
Freedom County, Washington, an unrecognized county
Freedom Township (disambiguation), several places
Arts and entertainment[edit]
Books[edit]
Freedom (Franzen novel), a 2010 novel by Jonathan Franzen
Freedom (Safire novel), a 1987 novel by William Safire
Freedom™, a 2010 novel by Daniel Suarez
Freedom, original title of Freedom, Vol. 1: Freedom in the Making of Western Culture, a 1991 history by Orlando Patterson
FREEDOM!, a 2014 philosophical treatise by Adam Kokesh
Film and television[edit]
Freedom (Yoko Ono film), a 1970 short film
Freedom (1982 film), an Australian film directed by Scott Hicks
Freedom (2000 film), a film directed by Šarūnas Bartas
Freedom (2001 film), an Argentine film
Freedom (2014 film), an American film
Freedom (2019 film), a Spanish film
Freedom (TV series), a short-lived television series in 2000
Freedom (NCIS), a 2011 episode of the American police procedural drama
"Freedom" (The Following), a 2014 episode of the psychological thriller
Freedom Project, a Japanese promotional video animation series
Freedom (band), a psychedelic rock band
Freedom Records, a jazz label
USA Freedom Kids, American musical group
Albums[edit]
Freedom (Akon album), 2008
Freedom (Amen Dunes album), 2018
Freedom (Andy Griggs album), 2002
Freedom (Darrell Evans album), 1998
Freedom (Dragon Ash album), 2009
Freedom (Kenny Burrell album), recorded 1963–1964, released 1980 and 2011
Freedom (Mandisa album), 2009
Freedom (Michael W. Smith album), 2000
Freedom (Rebecca Ferguson album), 2013
Freedom (Refused album), 2015
Freedom (Neil Young album), 1989
Freedom (Santana album), 1987
Freedom (Sheena Easton album), 1997
Freedom (Trey Eley & Matthew Shell album), 2012
Freedom (White Heart album), 1989
Freedom (Yothu Yindi album), 1993
Freedom, a 2016 album by Baby Woodrose
Songs[edit]
"Freedom" (Alice Cooper song), 1987, from Raise Your Fist and Yell
"Freedom" (Beyoncé song), 2016, from Lemonade
"Freedom" (Erasure song), 2000, from Loveboat
"Freedom" (Girl Next Door song), 2010, theme song of Japanese drama Jotei Kaoruko
"Freedom" (The Isley Brothers song), 1970, from Get into Something
"Freedom" (Jimi Hendrix song), 1971, from The Cry of Love
"Freedom" (London Boys song), 1990, from Sweet Soul Music
"Freedom" (Nicki Minaj song), 2012, from Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded
"Freedom" (Noiseworks song), 1990, from Love Versus Money
"Freedom" (Paul McCartney song), 2001, from Driving Rain
"Freedom" (Pharrell Williams song), 2015
"Freedom" (Rage Against the Machine song), 1994
"Freedom" (Robert Miles song), 1997, from 23am
"Freedom" (Solange song), from the 2004 comedy film Johnson Family Vacation
"Freedom" (The Sons of Champlin song), 1969, from Loosen Up Naturally
"Freedom" (Sugababes song), 2011
"Freedom" (Wham! song), 1984, from Make It Big
"Freedom" (Theme from Panther), 1995, from the film Panther
"Freedun", a 2016 song by M.I.A.
"Freedom", by Anthony Hamilton and Elayna Boynton from the Django Unchained soundtrack album
"Freedom", an alternate name for the Aretha Franklin song "Think (Aretha Franklin song)"
"Freedom", by Band-Maid from Brand New Maid
"Freedom", by Charles Mingus from The Complete Town Hall Concert
"Freedom", by David Guetta from 7
"Freedom", by Deep Purple from the 25th anniversary reissue of Fireball
"Freedom", by Estelle from The 18th Day
"Freedom", by Foxy Shazam from The Church of Rock and Roll
"Freedom", by Gardenian from Two Feet Stand
"Freedom", by Maher Zain from Forgive Me
"Freedom", an improvised song by Richie Havens based on "Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child", performed at the 1969 Woodstock Festival
"Freedom! '90", by George Michael, also covered by Robbie Williams, not to be confused with the unrelated similarly titled Wham song
"Freedom", a single released by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five in 1980
"Freedom" by Japanese metal band Blood Stain Child from the album Mozaiq
Other arts[edit]
Freedom: The Underground Railroad, a 2013 board game about the Abolitionist Movement in the 1800s in the United States
Chris Pape, known as Freedom, a 20th-century American graffiti artist
Freedom, a Bald Eagle from the 1985 TV series G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero
Freedom (Tibor), a 1985 bronze sculpture by Alfred Tibor in Columbus, Ohio
Statue of Freedom, the statue on top of the U.S. Capitol dome
Freedom, a Philadelphia statue by Zenos Frudakis
Mathematics and physics[edit]
Asymptotic freedom, a concept in particle physics
Degrees of freedom (mechanics), a concept in mechanics and robotics
Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry), a term used in explaining dependence on parameters, or the dimensions of a phase space
Degrees of freedom (statistics), a concept in statistics
Six degrees of freedom, describing the motion of an object in 3-dimensional space
Systolic freedom, a concept in mathematics
Press[edit]
Freedom Communications, a privately held national media company headquartered in Irvine, California
Freedom (magazine), a Scientology publication
Freedom (British newspaper), an anarchist newspaper
Freedom (American newspaper), an African-American newspaper
Freedom Press, a British anarchist publishing house
Florence Freedom, the former name of the Florence Y'alls, an independent minor league baseball team that plays in the Frontier League
Washington Freedom, a women's professional soccer (football) team
Freedom Chiya (born 1979), South African beach volleyball player
Other uses[edit]
Freedom (Azerbaijan), an electoral alliance in Azerbaijan
Freedom (charity), a UK charity dedicated to helping victims of forced marriage
Freedom of the City, an honour bestowed by a municipality upon a valued member of the community or an important visitor
Freedom, Inc., a 1961 political organization of African-American political activists in Kansas City, Missouri
Freedom Furniture, a furniture retailer in Australia and New Zealand
Free (disambiguation)
Freed (disambiguation)
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