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Target Date
SMRT Income
SMRT 2010
Passive Target Date
SIRT 2010
Large Cap Growth
Small Cap (Closed)
Diversified International
Core Plus Fixed Income
Structure & Benefits
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
Collective Investment Trusts Performance
Month End
Quarter End
Schwab Managed Retirement Trusts™ (SMRT)
Historical Returns by Trust | Historical Returns by Sub-Advisor
Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Investment return and principal value will fluctuate, and units, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than original cost. Trust performance includes the reinvestment of all income and is presented net of all fees. Current performance may be lower or higher than performance data quoted.
Rank within category compares the trust's total annual return to that of other funds in the same category and its figures are not adjusted for load, sales charges, or taxes. Ranks for collective investment trusts provided by Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. based on Morningstar information.
Class III (0.54% OER), Class IV (0.45% OER) and Class V (0.35% OER) extended performance prior to inception date based upon actual Class I (0.89% OER) performance, adjusted for difference in unit class expense.
The values of the target date Trusts will fluctuate up to and after the target date. There is no guarantee the Trusts will provide adequate income at or through retirement. Diversification and asset allocation strategies do not ensure a profit and cannot protect against losses in a declining market. The Trusts are subject to market volatility and risks associated with the underlying investments. Risks include exposure to international and emerging markets, small company and sector equity securities, and fixed income securities subject to changes in inflation, interest rates, market valuations, liquidity, prepayments, and early redemption. The Trusts are built for investors who expect to start gradual withdrawals of Trust assets on the target date, to begin covering expenses in retirement. The principal value of the Trusts is not guaranteed at any time, and will continue to fluctuate up to and after the target date.
1. To invest in SMRTs Unit Class V, a plan must map a minimum of $100 million or plans must be greater than $400 million in total plan assets.
To invest in SMRTs Unit Class VI, a plan must map a minimum of $1billion.
2. Target Date Custom Indices are composed of the Russell® 1000 Index, Russell® 2000 Index, MSCI EAFE Index (Net), MSCI Emerging Markets Index (Net), FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index (Net), Bloomberg Commodity Index, Bloomberg Barclays US Government/Credit 1-5 Year Spliced Index, Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index, Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate Bond ex-US Hedged Index, Bloomberg Barclays US Treasury Inflation-Linked Bond Index (Series-L), and FTSE 3 Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index. Download Custom Index Allocation. Custom Index performance included in fact sheets and other performance information published prior to 06/30/2019 reflect the returns of the Bloomberg Barclays US Government/Credit 1-3 Year Index ("1-3 Year Index"). The Custom Index performance above reflects only the Bloomberg Barclays US Government/Credit 1-5 Year Spliced Index which has replaced the 1-3 Year Index. The SMRT Income Fund's Custom Index benchmark allocations for Russell 1000 Index and MSCI EAFE (Net) from January 2018 to November 2019 were 16.2% and 6.2%, respectively, and not 17.1% and 5.7% as previously reported. This tracking error resulted from an over-allocation to large cap equities with a corresponding under-allocation to international equities in the benchmark's composition.
The Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index: An index representing securities that are SEC registered, taxable, and dollar denominated. The index covers the U.S. investment grade fixed rate bond market, with index components for government and corporate securities, mortgage pass-through securities, and asset backed securities.
The Bloomberg Barclays US Treasury Inflation-Linked Bond Index (Series-L): A market value-weighted index that tracks inflation-protected securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. To prevent the erosion of purchasing power, TIPS are indexed to the non-seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, or the CPI-U (CPI).
The Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate ex-US Hedged Index is a is a subset of the flagship Global Aggregate Index that measures multi-currency global investment grade debt but excludes those denominated in USD. This multi-currency benchmark includes fixed-rate treasury, government-related, corporate and securitized bonds from both developed and emerging markets issuers. The Global Aggregate ex USD Index is largely comprised of the regional Pan-European Aggregate and Asian-Pacific Aggregate Indices. In addition to securities from these two benchmarks, the index also includes investment grade Euro-Yen and Canadian securities.
Bloomberg Barclays US Government/Credit 1-5 Year Spliced Index: An internally calculated index, comprised of the Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate 1-5 Year Index from 3/19/2012 to 3/31/2019 and the Bloomberg Barclays US Government/Credit 1-5 Year Index thereafter..
The Bloomberg Commodity Index: The Index is calculated on an excess return basis and composed of futures contracts on 22 physical commodities. It reflects the return of underlying commodity futures price movements.
FTSE 3 Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index: An index that measures monthly total return equivalents of yield averages that are not marked to market. The Three-Month Treasury Bill Index consists of the last three three-month Treasury bill issues.
FTSE World Government Bond Index: A market capitalization weighted index consisting of the government bond markets. Country eligibility is determined based on market capitalization and investability criteria. All issues have a remaining maturity of at least one year.
FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index (Net): An index designed to represent general trends in eligible real estate equities worldwide. Relevant real estate activities are defined as the ownership, disposure and development of income-producing real estate. This series approximates the minimum possible dividend reinvestment.
MSCI Emerging Markets Index (Net): An index that captures large and mid cap representation across approximately 20 Emerging Markets countries.
MSCI EAFE® Index (Europe, Australasia, Far East) (Net): A free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure developed market equity performance, excluding the US & Canada. This series approximates the minimum possible dividend reinvestment.
The Russell indices are market-capitalization weighted and subsets of the Russell 3000® Index, which contains the largest 3,000 companies incorporated in the United States and represents approximately 98% of the investable U.S. equity market. The Russell 2000® Index is composed of the 2000 smallest companies in the Russell 3000® Index. The Russell 1000® Index is composed of the 1000 largest companies in the Russell 3000® Index.
View all performance disclosures.
Schwab Indexed Retirement Trusts® (SIRT)
1. Target Date Custom Indices are composed of the Russell® 1000 Index, Russell® 2000 Index, MSCI EAFE Index (Net), MSCI Emerging Markets Index (Net), FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index (Net), Bloomberg Commodity Index, Bloomberg Barclays US Government/Credit 1-5 Year Spliced Index, Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index, Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate ex-US Hedged Index, Bloomberg Barclays US Treasury Inflation-Linked Bond Index (Series-L), and FTSE 3 Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index. Custom Index performance included in fact sheets and other performance information published prior to 06/30/2019 reflect the returns of the Bloomberg Barclays US Government/Credit 1-3 Year Index ("1-3 Year Index"). The Custom Index performance above reflects only the Bloomberg Barclays US Government/Credit 1-5 Year Spliced Index which has replaced the 1-3 Year Index.
The Russell indices are market-capitalization weighted and subsets of the Russell 3000® Index, which contains the largest 3,000 companies incorporated in the United States and represents approximately 98% of the investable U.S. equity market. The Russell 2000® Index is composed of the 2000 smallest companies in the Russell 3000 Index. The Russell 1000® Index is composed of the 1000 largest companies in the Russell 3000® Index.
The MSCI EAFE Net Index (Europe, Australasia, Far East) is a free float–adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure developed market equity performance, excluding the U.S. and Canada.
The MSCI Emerging Markets Net Index captures large and mid cap representation across approximately 20 Emerging Markets countries.
The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Global Real Estate Net Index is designed to represent general trends in eligible real estate equities worldwide. Relevant real estate activities are defined as the ownership, disposure, and development of income-producing real estate.
Bloomberg Commodity Index: The Index is calculated on an excess return basis and composed of futures contracts on 22 physical commodities. It reflects the return of underlying commodity futures price movements.
Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate Bond ex-US Hedged Index: The Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate ex-US Hedged Index is a subset of the flagship Global Aggregate Index that measures multi-currency global investment grade debt but excludes those denominated in USD. This multi-currency benchmark includes fixed-rate treasury, government-related, corporate and securitized bonds from both developed and emerging markets issuers. The Global Aggregate ex USD Index is largely comprised of the regional Pan-European Aggregate and Asian-Pacific Aggregate Indices. In addition to securities from these two benchmarks, the index also includes investment grade Euro-Yen and Canadian securities.
The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index is a market value–weighted index that tracks inflation-protected securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. To prevent the erosion of purchasing power, TIPS are indexed to the non–seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, or the CPI-U (CPI).
Bloomberg Barclays US Government/Credit 1-5 Year Spliced Index: An internally calculated index, comprised of the Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate 1-5 Year Index from 3/19/2012 to 3/31/2019 and the Bloomberg Barclays US Government/Credit 1-5 Year Index thereafter.
Bloomberg Barclays US Treasury Inflation-Linked Bond Index (Series-L) represents securities that are SEC-registered, taxable, and dollar-denominated. The index covers the U.S. investment grade fixed-rate bond market, with index components for government and corporate securities, mortgage pass-through securities, and asset-backed securities.
The FTSE 3 Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index measures monthly total return equivalents of yield averages that are not marked to market. This index consists of the last three three-month Treasury bill issues.
Schwab Institutional Trusts®
The Schwab Institutional Large Cap Value Trust's benchmark is the Russell 1000 Value Index which contains those Russell 1000 securities with a less-than-average growth orientation.
The Schwab Institutional Large Cap Growth Trust's benchmark is the Russell 1000 Growth Index which contains those securities in the Russell 1000 Index with a greater-than-average growth orientation.
The Schwab Institutional Small Cap Trust's benchmark is the Russell 2000 Index which is composed of the 2,000 smallest companies in the Russell 3000® Index.
The Schwab Institutional Diversified International Trust's benchmark is the MSCI EAFE® Index (Net) which is a free float–adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure developed market equity performance, excluding the U.S. and Canada.
The Schwab Institutional Core Plus Fixed Income Trust's benchmark is the Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index, which represents securities that are SEC-registered, taxable, and dollar-denominated. The index covers the U.S. investment grade fixed-rate bond market, with index components for government and corporate securities, mortgage pass-through securities, and asset-backed securities.
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1. Includes overlap between CITs and fund families. As of December 31, 2019.
The information presented on this website is for institutional use only by plan sponsors, consultants, broker-dealers, and advisors. It is not intended for use by retirement plan participants.
The Schwab Managed Retirement Trust Funds™, Schwab Indexed Retirement Trust Funds® and Schwab Institutional Trust Funds® (each a "Trust", collectively the "Trusts" or "Collective Investment Trusts (CITs)") are collective investment trusts maintained by Charles Schwab Trust Bank (CSTB), as trustee. They are available for investment only by eligible retirement plans and entities. Charles Schwab Trust Bank's Collective Investment Trusts are not insured by FDIC or any other type of deposit insurance; are not deposits or other obligations of, and are not guaranteed by CSTB or any of its affiliates; and involve investment risks, including possible loss of principal invested. The Trusts are not mutual funds and are exempt from registration and regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"), and their units are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, or applicable securities laws of any state or other jurisdiction. Unit holders of the Trusts are not entitled to the protections of the 1940 Act. The decision to invest in the Trusts should be carefully considered. The Trusts' unit values will fluctuate and may be worth more or less when redeemed, so unit holders may lose money. The Trusts are not sold by prospectus and are not available for investment by the public. The Trusts' prices are not quoted in newspapers.
Effective January 1, 2019, Charles Schwab Bank transferred its Collective Investment Trusts to CSTB, a subsidiary of The Charles Schwab Corporation. CSTB serves as successor trustee of the Trusts and succeeds to the rights and obligations of Charles Schwab Bank under the Trusts' Participation Agreement. This transfer resulted in no material change to the investment management, operations or structure of the Trusts.
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Is it time to abandon Facebook? In short, not quite. However if you plan on relying on it as the key driver of your social media growth beyond 2014, you may want to rethink your strategy.
There are a few reasons why Facebook is fading in the eyes of many marketers – some of which have been brought on by the social network itself and some of which have been brought on by the competition.
Facebook is always making changes to the way it delivers content with the goal of improving the experience for the end user and increasing activity levels. Many of these changes have had a negative impact on brands.
Engagement levels for brands have been steadily decreasing- especially in the past six months. With the current algorithm, it is much less likely that your target audience will see your content organically than it was in 2013. Engagement levels are so low that it is difficult to obtain the reach you used to be able to obtain without running an ad campaign.
Young People Are Fleeing. Other Age Groups to Follow?
Facebook is still the most popular and widely used social media site but interest is waning within important age groups and I expect other age groups to follow suit.
In the past three years, a reported 11 million young people (and counting) have fled Facebook.
In the world of social media, young people tend to be early adaptors – picking up new social sites and apps before the masses. Eventually, the rest of the world catches on and the usage of those channels catches on fire. I would expect that trend to continue. As more and more current Facebook users across all generations begin to pick up and become heavy users of sites like Instagram and Pinterest, activity on Facebook will begin to decline within other demographics as well.
One reason for this decline in activity is the belief that 'less is more'. Whether we're engaging with websites or using social media, as users, we have been shifting to that mindset.
Facebook tries to be everything to everyone with games and other apps, events, timelines, chatting, photo galleries and much more which can become an overwhelming hassle for users.
Social media sites that focus on one or two core functions or purpose- such as Instagram, Twitter and Pinterest-are thriving.
Don't get me wrong, Facebook is still a viable marketing tool and it will be for years to come. However, unless they make transformative changes to their platform in the near future its best days may be behind it.
The effort and energy you put behind Facebook as it relates to other social channels in the coming months and years should depend on the makeup of your target audience.
The best thing you can do (if you haven't already) is begin to diversify where it makes sense. Use research to determine which channels may add the most value. In doing so, look into the current user base of the channels and analyze trends to look ahead as best you can.
Don't play it safe either. As long as you have an overarching content strategy driving your social media presence, you can have success with many different channels.


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Louis Blériot, né le  à Cambrai et mort le  à Paris, est un constructeur de lanternes d'automobiles, d'avions, de motocyclettes et de chars à voile, et un pilote précurseur et pionnier de l'aviation française.

Ingénieur de l'École centrale Paris (promotion 1895), il a déposé plus de cent brevets d'inventions, dont celui du manche à balai ou « cloche Blériot » en 1907, dont la paternité est revenue finalement à Robert Esnault-Pelterie en 1919.

Il vole pour la première fois en 1907 dans un avion de sa conception. En 1909, il obtient le brevet de pilote  délivré en France. Entre 1905 et 1909, il a produit onze prototypes dont le fameux  avec lequel il est le premier à traverser la Manche en avion le .

Biographie
Louis Blériot naît le  du mariage de Louis Charles Blériot et Clémence Marie Eugénie Candeliez, tous deux Cambrésiens, au  à Cambrai.

Il commence ses études à l'Institution Notre-Dame en 1882. En 1887, il quitte Cambrai pour le lycée d'Amiens, le collège Sainte-Barbe à Paris puis l'École centrale des arts et manufactures, où il est admis en 1892.

Ingénieur diplômé de l'École centrale (promotion 1895), il entre chez Baguès puis effectue son service militaire dans l'artillerie à Tarbes au  d'artillerie comme sous-lieutenant puis lieutenant de réserve au  d'artillerie.

Au terme de sa carrière industrielle, Louis Blériot passe la main avant de mourir précocement le , à son domicile au , emporté par une crise cardiaque. Il est enterré au cimetière des Gonards à Versailles.

Activité industrielle et découverte de l'aviation

Les Établissements L. Blériot qu'il a créés connaissent un succès certain dans la fabrication de phares à acétylène pour l'industrie automobile alors en pleine expansion.

Découvrant l'Éole de Clément Ader, il se lance dans la fabrication d'un premier modèle d'aéroplane :

 le Blériot I est un oiseau mécanique à ailes battantes, d' d'envergure, pesant  et mû par un moteur léger à acide carbonique de son invention fournissant environ deux chevaux (image ci-dessous). En , ce modèle s'envole. Cette  est également marquée par sa rencontre avec Ferdinand Ferber, à qui il voue une sincère admiration.

En 1903, il travaille avec le mécanicien et futur aviateur Julien Mamet, avec qui il préparera la traversée de la Manche, en 1909. L'écrasement au sol de plusieurs prototypes lui vaudra les surnoms peu flatteurs de « Roi des paquerettes » ou de « Blériot la casse » par la presse de l'époque. Il réalise les appareils suivants :
 Blériot II. En 1905, découvrant les travaux de Gabriel Voisin par l'entremise de Ferdinand Ferber, Blériot demande à Voisin de lui construire un planeur ;
 Blériot III (Blériot-Voisin I). Ils fondent en ce mois de  le premier atelier d'aviation français « Blériot & Voisin » dans lequel Blériot se donne le rôle de concepteur et Voisin joue celui de mécanicien. Le  est dépourvu de moteur. Remorqué sur la Seine par le canot Antoinette, il capote après s'être brièvement détaché de l'eau à la suite d'un coup de vent ;
 Blériot IV (Blériot-Voisin II). Ayant besoin d'un moteur et grâce à Ferber, il rencontre Léon Levavasseur qui est soutenu financièrement par Gastambile et Mengin. Il le décide à créer une société anonyme de construction de moteurs Antoinette dans laquelle il s'investit financièrement et place son frère Maurice Blériot comme administrateur. Après avoir équipé le précédent modèle d'un moteur Antoinette et ayant cédé à Voisin qui est contre les ailes en ellipses, il construit le , un hydravion qui ne connaît pas le succès. Ayant failli se noyer lors des essais précédents, Gabriel Voisin refuse de nouveaux essais sur la Seine ;
 Blériot IV bis. C'est un Blériot IV modifié, avec des roues à la place des flotteurs. Le concepteur essaye sa création le  au parc de Bagatelle. Il brisa son appareil contre une pierre et un caniveau alors que son concurrent brésilien Santos-Dumont réussit un vol de  ce même jour au même endroit. C'en est fini de l'association Blériot-Voisin.

Prototypes

En 1907, Blériot installe un atelier d'avionnerie boulevard Victor-Hugo à Neuilly, engage du personnel et fait fabriquer à ses frais de nombreux modèles d'avions dont :
 Blériot V : construit en 1907, monoplan à configuration canard. Le , Blériot essaie son monoplan dénommé « le Canard »,  de la nomenclature Blériot. Les ailes, gauchissables et incurvées, rappellent par leur profil l'aile de certains oiseaux planeurs. L'hélice du moteur Antoinette de  est placée à l'arrière de l'appareil, tandis que la gouverne de profondeur est placée à l'avant.

Tandis que les appareils précédents avaient été pilotés par le contremaître Peyret (chef d'atelier de Louis Blériot dont l'atelier était situé boulevard Victor-Hugo à Neuilly), c'est désormais le constructeur qui pilote lui-même ses œuvres. Le Canard, doté d'une grande vitesse pour l'époque, parvient à quitter le sol avant qu'une fausse manœuvre ne lui fasse piquer du nez et n'entraîne son écrasement le .
 Blériot VI : , avion à ailes en tandem, surnommé « la Libellule ». C'est un biplan inspiré du type de Langley, avec deux ailes en tandem, pour une surface totale de seulement . Le fuselage est entièrement recouvert de papier verni. Les bouts d'ailes sont pivotants pour le contrôle latéral ; le gouvernail de direction est à l'arrière, mais il n'y a pas de gouverne de profondeur, le contrôle en tangage devant s'effectuer par déplacement du corps du pilote (le siège est coulissant). Les roues principales peu écartées du  sont remplacées par deux roues plus écartées. La partie arrière du fuselage est soutenue par une troisième roue axiale. Le moteur Antoinette de  est placé à l'avant. Blériot effectue en  un premier vol de , ce qui l'encourage à doter l'appareil d'un moteur plus puissant de . Au cours d'un essai le , l'appareil parcourt  et atteint une hauteur de  lorsque le moteur s'arrête brusquement. L'appareil descend alors avec une forte pente, . Les ailes et le fuselage de l'appareil sont brisés.
 Blériot VII : , monoplan entraîné par un moteur Antoinette de , hélice à quatre pales. Le  est dérivé du précédent ; c'est plus exactement un monoplan à grand empennage, à ceci près que les ailes arrière sont maintenant mobiles et servent pour le contrôle en tangage et en roulis. Cet avion qui semble bien avoir été une conception personnelle de Blériot « est le prototype de toute l'aviation moderne » : il comportait en effet un fuselage totalement recouvert, des ailes basses, une hélice tractrice montée sur un moteur intégré au fuselage, un atterrisseur classique et des gouvernes arrière. Avec un moteur de , il réalise quelques vols dont un de  le , à une vitesse élevée de . Une fois de plus, l'appareil est accidenté à l'atterrissage en raison de l'exiguïté du terrain d'Issy-les-Moulineaux.
 Blériot VIII : construit à partir du  entre février et , il possède un corps fuselé quadrangulaire de dix mètres de long, deux ailes de  d'envergure, réduite progressivement à . Les ailerons de bord de fuite du  sont remplacés par des parties pivotantes autour d'un axe horizontal montées à l'extrémité des ailes. Les gouvernails de direction et de profondeur sont placés à l'arrière. Le moteur Antoinette de  est placé à l'avant. Les deux roues du train principal placées en avant du centre de gravité sont montées sur un châssis élastique orientable. Ce modèle dispose du système de commande (la cloche Blériot) par manche à balai et palonnier qui s'est imposé par la suite. Les essais de cette version débutent à la mi- pour être interrompus à la suite d'incidents à l'atterrissage. Le , l'appareil est détruit au cours d'un accident de roulage.
 Le modèle IX, , diffère du précédent par le dispositif de gauchissement de l'extrémité arrière des ailes à la place des ailerons et par l'augmentation de la puissance du moteur. C'est un  Antoinette de  refroidi par eau. Essayé sans succès, il est abandonné. À cette époque (fin 1908), les autres pionniers (Voisin, Farman, Wright) volent sur biplan.
 Le Blériot X est différent des modèles précédents de Blériot. Inspiré des avions Farman et Wright, c'est un biplan de  de surface portante avec gouvernail de profondeur à l'avant, stabilisateur et gouvernail de direction à l'arrière, surfaces verticales latérales placées entre les ailes (inspirées des avions de Ferber), châssis renforcé à roues analogue à celui des monoplans, moteur Antoinette de  avec démultiplicateur 30/12. Il présente un volant inclinable combinant les contrôles de profondeur et les surfaces mobiles latérales. Cet appareil, présenté au Salon de l'aéronautique de 1908, n'a pas été terminé.
 Le Blériot XI de 1909 conçu par Raymond Saulnier est un appareil monoplan à fuselage partiellement entoilé, les ailes recouvertes de papier parcheminé. Il est animé d'abord par un moteur R.E.P, puis par un Anzani plus léger, tricylindre en étoile à soupapes automatiques développant . Ce petit appareil, d'une envergure de , effectue son premier vol le 23 janvier 1909 à Issy. L'envergure est augmentée, d'abord à 7,80 m puis à 8,40 m ; ce modèle devient alors le célèbre  de la traversée de la Manche. L'appareil a volé  à Juvisy avant de couvrir  en  entre Étampes et Orléans, puis traverser la Manche. Blériot pensait que ce serait son dernier avion, car il était ruiné par ses inventions.
 Le Blériot XII est un monoplan à aile haute plus grand que le précédent. Avec cet appareil, Blériot réalise le premier vol avec deux passagers (le Brésilien Santos-Dumont et le Français ) le  à Issy. Le , il bat le record du monde de vitesse sur un parcours de  pendant la Grande Semaine d'aviation de la Champagne à Reims, à la vitesse de . Le lendemain, l'avion est détruit à la suite d'une perte de contrôle.

Le manche à balai (la cloche Blériot)

Moteurs et premiers vols
Louis Blériot entre en conflit avec Hubert Latham, le président de la société Antoinette, et Léon Levavasseur car leurs moteurs, malgré une conception prometteuse, sont impropres au vol. Blériot abandonne Antoinette et s'adresse au motoriste Robert Esnault-Pelterie de Billancourt pour équiper ses  et XI et à la société  de Courbevoie pour motoriser son . Mais le mauvais fonctionnement des moteurs REP le contraint, sur le conseil de son mécanicien Ferdinand Collin, à s'adresser à Alessandro Anzani, qui copie les moteurs tricylindres de  refroidis par air, brevetés par Joseph-Ambroise Farcot, décédé.

Le , Louis Blériot effectue son premier véritable voyage touristique aérien, entre Toury en Eure-et-Loir et Artenay dans le Loiret, et retour. Pour réaliser ce vol historique d'environ  (c'est le premier vol aller-retour de ville à ville) avec un , il lui aura fallu deux heures environ, marqués de deux pannes moteur.

Le , Louis Blériot participe au premier meeting aérien mondial au Champ d'aviation de la Brayelle avec son monoplan. Louis Paulhan y participe également sur biplan Voisin.

Le , Louis Blériot gagne le prix du voyage de l'Aéro-Club de France en volant avec son monoplan  de Mondésir à Chevilly, soit  parcourus en .

Louis Blériot s'installe à Buc, tout près de Versailles le  sur , où il implante son aérodrome privé (l'aéroparc de Buc), puis, en 1913, une école de pilotage.

Première traversée de la Manche en 1909

La course pour être le premier à atteindre la Grande-Bretagne par la voie des airs fait rage en ce mois de . Cependant, Blériot laisse la priorité à Hubert Latham dans la mesure où ce dernier s'est engagé dès le . Au lieu d'envoyer son  à Calais, il l'envoie à la ferme de Mondésir située à  au sud d'Étampes. Comme Henri Farman, il y installe une école de pilotage, qui deviendra militaire. L'aérodrome d'Étampes - Mondésir existe toujours. Blériot y reste du 6 au 8 juillet avant de se rendre à Douai du 9 au  avec son . Il revient le 12 à la ferme de Mondésir d'où il gagne le Prix du voyage de l'Aéro-Club de France, doté de , en volant jusqu'à Chevilly près d'Orléans sur un parcours de  effectué en  à bord du . Son prix sera d'ailleurs redistribué à raison de  pour Anzani (moteur) et  pour Chauvière (constructeur de l'hélice). Poursuivant sur sa lancée, il remporte le prix Mahieu et le prix de vitesse à Douai le .

Le 19 juillet dans l'après-midi, Louis Blériot s'inscrit dans la course à la Manche puis s'installe à Calais le .

Blériot apprend que son concurrent Hubert Latham s'est écrasé dans l'eau après  à cause de problèmes de moteur de son  . Blériot se voit contraint de tenter sa chance pour éviter que le comte de Lambert  ne réalise l'exploit avant lui.

Le , Louis Blériot monte à bord de son , conçu en collaboration avec Raymond Saulnier, et équipé d'un moteur Anzani. Escorté par le torpilleur Escopette, il décolle au lever du Soleil. Cette dernière condition est exigée par le Daily Mail (journal britannique) qui est à l'origine du défi et met en jeu la somme de . Malgré une blessure au pied, Blériot met  à parcourir les  du hameau Les Baraques, près de Calais à Douvres, ce qui donne une vitesse moyenne d'environ  à une altitude moyenne de vol de . Louis Blériot est ainsi le premier à traverser la Manche par la voie aérienne.

Répercussions directes
Le hameau Les Baraques, faisant partie de la commune de Sangatte, sera plus tard rebaptisé Blériot-Plage en son honneur.

La traversée de la Manche réussie, le fidèle Alfred Leblanc lui avance les fonds pour lancer rapidement la fabrication en série du modèle de cette traversée. Blériot crée une école de pilotage à Pau, ville qu'il a connue lors de son service militaire à Tarbes et où il s'est marié. Le terrain qu'il choisit est situé dans la lande de Pont-Long à  au nord de Pau. C'est un terrain vague à peu près rectangulaire, long de  et large de  environ, couvert d'ajoncs, d'où les eaux s'écoulent vers le nord-ouest. Il y avait jalonné une ligne médiane via deux pylônes espacés de , et dégagé, entre cette médiane et les limites du terrain, une piste large de  devant les hangars, réduite à  vers les extrémités et se refermant sur elle-même en contournant les pylônes.

Après l'exploit qui le rend célèbre dans le monde entier, Blériot participe à la Grande Semaine d'aviation de la Champagne fin . Par la suite, il cesse le pilotage pour se concentrer sur le développement et l'industrialisation de ses machines. La compagnie Blériot sait très vite tirer parti de la publicité, notamment avec son premier pilote de démonstration, Adolphe Pégoud.

Le , l'Aéro-Club de France décide de décerner un brevet de pilote à seize pionniers de l'aviation. Personne n'osant faire passer un examen à ces pionniers, on prit la liste des pilotes et on les classa… par ordre alphabétique. Son nom commençant par un B, Louis Blériot se voit attribuer le brevet de pilote . L'instauration du brevet de pilote intervient le .

Développement industriel

Blériot Aéronautique
De 1910 à l'automne 1913, Blériot retire d'importants bénéfices de sa firme. Les commandes affluent et il doit agrandir ses ateliers. Il adopte un mode de vie aristocratique et s'établit dans un hôtel particulier du  arrondissement avec ses sept enfants. À la veille du premier conflit mondial, Alfred Leblanc, son vieux compagnon de route, assure la gestion courante de Blériot-Aéronautique dont le pionnier est l'actionnaire quasi unique et le banquier. Sa renommée outre-Manche lui permet de développer ses ventes au Royaume-Uni ; il met en service à Brooklands une base de montage et de réglage d'avions destinés à l'armée britannique.

En 1910, il construit l'Aérobus qui inaugure l'ère du transport de passagers. Son pilote d'essai Léon Lemartin bat le record du monde avec sept passagers. Au début de , il est invité à participer au Circuit d'Angleterre, au cours duquel ses aéroplanes récoltent près de cent mille francs.

SPAD
En août 1914, un groupe d'industriels conduit par Louis Blériot monte une nouvelle société pour acquérir les actifs de l'entreprise SPAD Deperdussin qui vient de faire faillite. Le nom de SPAD est conservé avec pour nouvelle signification : Société pour l'aviation et ses dérivés. Les avions de cette société, notamment les chasseurs biplans étudiés sous la direction de Louis Béchereau équiperont un grand nombre d'escadrilles françaises.

Le général Hirschauer, inspecteur permanent de l'aéronautique militaire, lance en 1913 un effort important de renouvellement du matériel en commandant , dont des Blériot. Mais il avait été supplanté par un artilleur, le général Bernard, qui avait décidé que tous les avions, hormis les avions d'instruction, seraient blindés. Blériot fit partie des trois constructeurs qui proposèrent des prototypes forcément lourds et lents. Bernard, ayant déclaré que le conflit ne durerait pas plus de six mois, considérait comme inutile de commander de nouveaux avions. Les faits lui donnant tort, il est remplacé, le , au poste de directeur de l'aéronautique militaire par Hirschauer, qui relance les commandes et rouvre les écoles d'aviation. L'armée limite en outre le nombre de modèles, ce qui conduit en particulier Blériot à se voir assigner la production de . La fabrication ne débute qu'en , Caudron n'ayant pas fourni les plans. En , le programme a deux bons mois de retard. Afin de satisfaire la demande, Blériot fabrique finalement  de sa marque au lieu des trois initialement prévus.

En 1917, les établissements Blériot aéronautique et SPAD assurent 10 % de la production d'avions en France. Blériot achète des sites industriels hors de Paris. En 1915-1917, il fait, par exemple, construire une usine à Suresnes, sur un quai de la Seine (ce qui favorise le transport des appareils), où pendant la guerre travaillent  dans  d'ateliers, produisant  par jour. Il devient le banquier de ses sociétés et fait des placements considérables dans l'industrie des loisirs, en particulier à Monte-Carlo.

Au total, Blériot produisit beaucoup d'avions (environ ) pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, essentiellement dotés de moteurs Gnome et Rhône.

Blériot absorbe la SPAD
En 1921, Louis Blériot décide la fusion de Blériot Aéronautique et de la Société pour l'aviation et ses dérivés (SPAD), la nouvelle entité s'appelant « Blériot-S.P.A.D. ». À cette date, les actifs de Blériot-S.P.A.D. comprennent l'usine de Suresnes (), l'école de pilotage de Pau, les ateliers et l'école de Buc ainsi que les installations annexes de Bègles.

En 1923, Blériot reprend Blanchard, une firme qui avait déjà construit plusieurs centaines d'hydravions à coque. Le chasseur S.P.A.D.-Herbemont, , fait son apparition dans le but de procéder au recyclage des surplus de stocks de moteurs Hispano-Suiza. Quatre-vingts commandes sont reçues pour cet appareil entre 1924 et 1926.

De 1925 à 1926, le  constitue le meilleur chasseur. Il se présente comme un sesquiplan à structure dural et coque en bois, mû par un moteur Hispano de . Il ne voit le jour que grâce à quelques commandes polonaises en 1926 et 1927.

L'année suivante, une commande du Service technique de l'aéronautique pour le  permet à la firme de survivre. Il s'agit d'un lourd monoplan dont l'aile haute est montée sur pylône, avec deux moteurs de  en nacelle et baptisé « multiplace de combat ».

Jusqu'en 1932, la firme du pionnier de la traversée de la Manche devient peu à peu un marchand de prototypes et un réparateur. L'usine de Suresnes travaille en discontinu et aucune série d'avions ne dépasse les cent unités. En 1933, Blériot, à court d'argent, doit négocier un rapprochement avec Farman-Frères. Suresnes ne ferait plus que de petits avions Farman tandis que le reste de l'activité serait décentralisé à Bègles.

À la mort du grand pionnier en 1936, ses affaires passent entre les mains de Farman-Frères et des A.N.F.-Mureaux, associés depuis  dans une Union corporative aéronautique (U.C.A.)

Nationalisation
En novembre 1936, le gouvernement français décide la nationalisation de toutes les entreprises françaises travaillant pour la Défense nationale.

La société Blériot-Aéronautique est absorbée par la Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du sud-ouest (SNCASO), qui fusionne en 1957 avec la Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du sud-est (SNCASE) pour former Sud-Aviation, qui fusionne elle-même en 1970 avec Nord-Aviation et la Société pour l'étude et la réalisation d'engins balistiques (SEREB) pour former la Société nationale industrielle aérospatiale. Celle-ci fusionne en 2000 avec Matra, puis en 2001 avec Daimler Chrysler Aerospace (DASA) et  (CASA) pour former  (EADS), devenue  en 2014.

L'aéroparc de Buc est occupé par les Allemands en 1940, puis utilisé conjointement par l'Armée française, avec des hélicoptères, et des aéroclubs civils, avant de subir la fermeture administrative, en 1970.

Aéroplage et char à voile
Louis Blériot s'intéresse dès 1909 au développement du char à voile, qu'il baptise plaisamment aéroplage, un nom qu'il fera déposer comme marque commerciale pour les chars à voile fabriqués dans ses usines, sur des brevets pris par un de ses employés, l'ingénieur Cazin.

Blériot utilise ses « aéroplages » sur le terrain de Buc, lorsque le vent est trop fort pour se risquer en l'air en aéroplane, puis sur les plages de la Manche et de la mer du Nord, en particulier à Hardelot sur la côte du Pas-de-Calais, où il possède une villa baptisée L'Escopette, du nom du torpilleur qui l'accompagna lors de la traversée de la Manche.

La plage d'Hardelot est encore aujourd'hui un des hauts lieux de ce sport qui se structurera rapidement et connaîtra ses premières compétitions internationales dès avant la guerre de 1914–1918.

Motos Blériot
Les succès de Blériot en aéronautique lui assurent des commandes militaires pour la Première Guerre mondiale, ce qui l'amène à s'agrandir pour produire davantage, mais l'Armistice en 1918 fait annuler de nombreuses commandes, ce qui le conduit à développer son activité moto, avec un succès très mitigé.

Il produit de 1920 à 1923 une motocyclette dont les principales caractéristiques sont :

Galerie

Politique
Le , Louis Blériot est candidat du Parti radical à une élection partielle dans le canton de Versailles-Sud, où il réside. Il obtient , contre  Jean Périnard, avocat, candidat de la droite URD, qui est élu.

Hommages et commémorations

Hommages

En mai 1927, Blériot est la première personne que Charles Lindbergh demande à voir à l'issue de sa traversée de l'Atlantique.

En 1936 est créée la médaille Louis Blériot, destinée à distinguer un aviateur particulièrement méritant dans le domaine de l'aviation légère.

Il est choisi en 2015 comme parrain de la Promotion 2017 (P2017) de l'École centrale Paris, promotion qui porte désormais son nom.

Numismatique
L'aviateur est l'effigie d'une pièce de  en argent éditée en 2012 par la Monnaie de Paris, pour la collection « Les Euros des Régions » afin de représenter le Nord-Pas-de-Calais, sa région natale.

Philatélie
En 1934, à l'occasion du  de la traversée de la Manche par Louis Blériot, la Poste française émet un timbre.  En 2009, La Poste émet un timbre honorant l'Aérobus.

Botanique
Le rosier grimpant 'Aviateur Blériot' est obtenu par Fauque en 1910.

Vols commémoratifs
En 1934, un Blériot XI commémoratif est construit par les ouvriers des usines Blériot. Cet appareil est conservé et plusieurs pilotes lui font traverser la Manche à diverses occasions, notamment lors des anniversaires de la traversée initiale, en particulier pour le cinquantième et le centième anniversaire. Cet avion vole également lors de certaines manifestations aériennes.

Noms de rue

Astronomie
Un astéroïde de la ceinture principale, découvert le , porte le nom de (11248) Blériot.

Musique
Le pianiste et compositeur Giuseppe Sanalitro a rendu hommage à Louis Blériot avec le concept-album pour piano seul Au-delà (2021).

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .
 .
 .
 .
 Alain Decaux, « Chapitre 4 : Sarajevo ou la fatalité », C'était le  - 1. De la Belle Époque aux Années folles, Perrin, 1996, réédité en livre de poche chez Pocket en 1999 .
 Albéric de Palmaert, La grande épopée de la traversée de la Manche, Éditions du Rocher, 2009 .

Articles connexes

Liens externes
 Association Blériot 1909-2009, organisation du meeting du 18 juillet 2009 à Cambrai Niergnies, sur bleriot.2009.free.fr
 Centenaire de la Traversée de la Manche, sur bleriot.centraliens.net
 La vie de Blériot - Personnages du Cambrésis, sur tourisme-cambresis.fr
 Louis Blériot et les Pyrénées, sur aviation.loucrup65.fr
 Les traversées Aéro-maritimes, dans Vingt-cinq ans d'Aéronautique Française de Lucien Marchis, aux éditions La chambre syndicale des industries Aéronautiques, sur aero-mondo.fr
 Voix de Blériot (avec photos), sur YouTube

Bases de données et dictionnaires

Aviateur français
Pionnier de l'aviation
Histoire de l'aéronautique
Ingénieur aéronautique français
Pilote de course aérienne
Traversée de la Manche
Constructeur motocycle ayant son siège en France
Marque française de motocyclette
Constructeur motocycle disparu
Sport aérien en France
Élève du collège Sainte-Barbe
Élève de l'École centrale Paris
Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur
Commandeur de l'ordre de la Couronne (Roumanie)
Récipiendaire de la grande médaille d'or de la Société d'encouragement au progrès
Récipiendaire de la grande médaille de l'Aéro-Club de France
Personnalité liée à Suresnes
Éponyme d'un objet céleste
Naissance en juillet 1872
Naissance à Cambrai
Décès en août 1936
Décès à 64 ans
Décès dans le 7e arrondissement de Paris
Personnalité inhumée au cimetière des Gonards de Versailles

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The ENERGY STAR® Ceiling Fan 4.0 specifications will go into effect June 15, 2018 – this includes major changes to the efficacy requirements.
These new specifications create a series of concerns for suppliers and manufactures. It is feared that only ceiling fans with DC motors will be able to achieve the requirements, which are significantly more expensive, a cost that consumers may not want to pay. Its too soon to tell if consumers will choose the cheaper fans without the ENERGY STAR® rating or if the rebates will make the extra cost of the DC fan the same as cheaper AC motor fans.
Good news is there is a grandfather period for consumers – if the fans were purchased before the effective date (June 15, 2018) customers can still certify them with ENERGY STAR® and get the rebate. Tell your customers buy now June 15th is right around the corner!
At RP Lighting + Fans, we make it our mission to stay on top of the latest technologies so we can provide you and your customers with the most efficient and up-to-date products to improve your business.


Discover trending Instagram posts tagged with #RollsRoyceWraith hashtag.
The #RollsRoyceWraith hashtag is a topic or interest in instagram channel. Sort #RollsRoyceWraith hashtag by Trending Today, Trending in 2019, and Latest.


There are only a few instances, especially in India where a car gets involved in a serious accident and the owner thank the build quality. One such recent incident happened with a Skoda Rapid where the owner has appraised the "German build quality" of the vehicle. Even though Skoda is not a German brand, it is owned by the Volkswagen Group, which is based in Germany.
The owner, Udit Gambhir says that the accident took place on the Yamuna Expressway on 4th April. The incident took place at about 7:30 PM. According to Uday, the car was being driven by a driver and his sister was in the rear. The car was moving towards Delhi when a truck changed lanes and applied the brakes suddenly. This Skoda Rapid was just behind and rammed into the truck's rear.
Most Indian trucks do not have the crash barrier that causes the vehicle to enter the bottom of such heavy vehicles. The Rapid also entered the underbody of the truck and was damaged badly. From the pictures, you can see that the bonnet cover has been destroyed completely and has fallen off the vehicle. The windshield has also shattered into pieces. We are not sure about the speed at the time of the impact but it looks like a high-speed impact from the pictures.
The front airbags also opened upon the impact. Both the driver and the co-driver front airbags were opened. It is not known if there was a third person sitting in the vehicle as Uday has mentioned that his sister was occupying the rear seat at the time of the accident. The owner also says that the driver and his sister are fine and he owes it to the build quality of the vehicle to keep them safe.
The car's safety equipment like airbags, ABS, traction control and more are not enough for saving passengers alone. The structural integrity of the vehicles also plays a major role in the safety of passengers. Currently, there are no crash guidelines in the Indian car market but very soon, the new Bharat New Vehicle Safety Assessment Program (BNVSAP) will be implemented and all the vehicles launched in the Indian market after April 2019 will have to go through the crash test. The new rule of the crash test will also make it mandatory for the new vehicles to offer dual front airbags, seat belt buzzer, rear parking sensor and ABS as standard in all the variants of a vehicle.


text:
White House denies (again) plan to fire Mueller, another explosion in Austin injures two, UK and EU strike a deal on Brexit transition, and more.
Mar 19 2018, 3:38pm
Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images
Everything you need to know about the world this morning, curated by VICE.
After Most Direct Trump Attack Yet on Mueller, White House Pulls Back
White House lawyer Ty Cobb issued a statement Sunday night asserting that the president was "not considering or discussing the firing of the Special Counsel" after Trump attacked Mueller's investigation on Twitter over the weekend. The president claimed Mueller's team contained "13 hardened Democrats" and said the probe "should never have been started." The tweets prompted senior Republicans to publicly warn Trump not to go after the investigation.—CBS News
Another Explosion in Austin Injures Two
Two men in their 20s were being treated for non-life threatening injuries after an explosion in the Texas city Sunday night. Police said the blast likely came from a roadside bomb. Austin Police Chief Brian Manley said investigators believed it may well have been related to three other bombings that have rocked the city this month and left two people dead, sparking concern within the local black community in particular.—ABC News
Massachusetts AG to Probe Facebook Data Scandal
Maura Healey said she was opening an investigation into Cambridge Analytica's alleged exploitation of Facebook users' private data. Over the weekend, Facebook suspended the account of whistleblower Christopher Wylie after he revealed how personal data was used by the firm—contracted by the Trump campaign in 2016—to produce targeted messages online. Lawmakers in the US and UK called on Facebook to explain what it knew about the data pilfering.—The New York Times
Democrats Have Ten-Point Lead in Midterm Poll
In a new NBC News / Wall Street Journal poll, 50 percent of voters said they wanted Democrats to control Congress, while only 40 percent of voters preferred Republicans keep control. The poll also found Democrats more energized for this year's midterms, with 60 percent of their voters saying their interest was "high" compared with only 54 percent of GOP voters.—NBC News
Vladimir Putin Wins Another Six-Year Term
The Russian leader took in some 76 percent of the vote in Sunday's widely-mocked presidential election, with his chief rival Alexei Navalny blocked from participating. Videos appeared to reveal officials shoving paper in ballot boxes in several voting stations. —VICE News / BBC News
At Least 11 Killed in Afrin Bombing
An explosion in the northern Syrian city killed seven civilians and four Free Syrian Army fighters, according to Turkish state news. Turkish forces and their Syrian allies seized control of Afrin from Kurdish fighters on Sunday, the culmination of an eight-week military operation.—Reuters
French Consulate Staffer Suspected of Moving Weapons to Palestinians
Israeli authorities arrested a man working at France's consulate in Jerusalem who allegedly transferred 70 pistols and two assault rifles from the Gaza Strip to the West Bank. According to Israel's Shin Bet security agency, Romain Franck allegedly used a consulate vehicle to smuggle the guns.—VICE News
UK and EU Strike a Deal on Brexit Transition
The United Kingdom will remain part of the European single market when it begins leaving the EU in March 2019—at least until the end of December 2020, under a newly negotiated agreement. The UK's Brexit minister David Davis said it was "near enough to the two years we asked for."—Sky News
The Roots' SXSW Show Canceled After Bomb Scare
The band's show at the festival in Austin, Texas, on Saturday night was axed after a bomb threat. Police in Austin arrested 26-year-old Trevor Weldon Ingram and charged him with making the threat.—CNN
'Black Panther' Still Breaking Box Office Records
Ryan Coogler's film became the first movie since Avatar to stay at the top of the domestic box office for five weekends in a row. And it was the seventh movie to break the $600 million barrier in North America after taking in another $27 million over the weekend.—The Hollywood Reporter
Thom Yorke Reveals Solo Shows
The Radiohead frontman released dates for 12 European performances in May and June, ending with the Sonar festival in Barcelona. Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich and two members of Atoms for Peace were slated to join Yorke on the tour.—Pitchfork
Investigators Said to Clear Sigur Rós of Tax Evasion
The Icelandic band revealed they had around $8 million in assets briefly frozen by Iceland's tax inspectors before being cleared of charges. Drummer Georg Hólm said their accountant "hadn't handed in the right documents."—Noisey
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The aerialist Yann Arnaud died from injuries he sustained in a fall during a performance in Tampa. The circus company said he was "loved by all those who had the chance to know him," and canceled the remainder of its shows in Florida.—VICE
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This article originally appeared on VICE US.
mid-terms

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In an example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction a nucleophile (Nu) reacts with an organohalide R3C-X to form the substituted product Nu-CR3. In conventional transition state theory this takes place with simultaneous bond making and bond breaking and on the reaction coordinate with decreasing nucleophile to carbon distance the intermediate structure Nu-C-X called the transition state lies at the top of an energy hill.
In an analogy with simple stapler action (the staple will only start piercing the paper when the force needed to bend the metal is overcome), the hill commanded by Nu-C-X is now replaced by a plateau with Nu//C-X as one extreme (Nu has reached critical distance to C) and Nu-C//X as the other extreme with a barrier less and extremely fast interconversion. With catastrophic events comparisons are made with melting and micelle formation. It can be added that in modelling chemical reactions the cooperative actions of several dozens of molecules need to been involved for a plausible result.
But are there practical consequences to this theory? M&K think so when certain intramolecular substitution reactions are considered with the reactants in close proximity and beyond the critical Nu/C-X distance. For this type of reaction the singularity concept predicts faster than usual reaction kinetics. This is especially relevant to the so-called better-than perfect enzymes ,one of those unsolved problems in chemistry.
But is it all entirely new? Many theories already exist that have different wording but boiled-down possibly mean the same. In the classic organic chemistry textbooks a fast reaction is characterized by a so-called early transition state that resembles the reactant (Hammond's postulate). In another theory enzyme reactions are fast because for instance protons tunnel themselves a way through an energy barrier. To add to the confusion Menger himself introduced the so-called spatiotemporal effect (not just close proximity but sustained close proximity) in 1985 (DOI) that is just one of several theories that Menger again summarized in 1998 (DOI). One of the reactions that according to M&K exemplifies the new singularity concept is the strikingly fast solvolysis of an 6-aza-4-chloro-2.2.2-octane compared to that of N,N-dimethylamino-2-chloroethane first observed by Hutchins and Rue in 1975 (DOI). In their analysis the general effect introduced with nitrogen can be attributed to Neighbouring group participation when the nitrogen atom helps pushing out the chlorine atom. In addition in the bicyclo compound the orientation of nitrogen is much more favorable and reaction is faster in spite of unfavorable steric strain effects. No singularities there either.


text:
Q: iphone - will it leak? This is something I don't understand. Look at this method (copied from http://blog.blackwhale.at/2009/07/uibutton-in-uitableview-footer/)
See that footerView is allocated on the beginning of the code and never released.
As far as I understand, the object should be autoreleased or at least released after used on a regular case, but as this method is run automatically by the tables when they are built, where exactly will this view be released...
or will it leak? I have seen Apple samples of code with stuff like that, so I suppose the object is being released somewhere... but where?
// custom view for footer. will be adjusted to default or specified footer height
// Notice: this will work only for one section within the table view
- (UIView *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView viewForFooterInSection:(NSInteger)section {

    if(footerView == nil) {
        //allocate the view if it doesn't exist yet
        footerView  = [[UIView alloc] init];

        //we would like to show a gloosy red button, so get the image first
        UIImage *image = [[UIImage imageNamed:@"button_red.png"]
  stretchableImageWithLeftCapWidth:8 topCapHeight:8];

        //create the button
        UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
        [button setBackgroundImage:image forState:UIControlStateNormal];

        //the button should be as big as a table view cell
        [button setFrame:CGRectMake(10, 3, 300, 44)];

        //set title, font size and font color
        [button setTitle:@"Remove" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        [button.titleLabel setFont:[UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:20]];
        [button setTitleColor:[UIColor whiteColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];

        //set action of the button
        [button addTarget:self action:@selector(removeAction:)
                        forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

        //add the button to the view
        [footerView addSubview:button];
    }

    //return the view for the footer
    return footerView;
}

thanks.

A: Seeing as footerView is an instance variable on this class, this code is correct.  footerView is not autoreleased (by you, anyway) so it will continue to exist as long as you don't release it (because you "own"/retained it by allocating it).  The proper place to do that would be in this class's dealloc method.
As long as you do that, this code looks correct to me.  :)

A: footerView is an instance variable.  Is it released in the dealloc of the class?

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Writing Lives
Collaborative Research Project on Working-Class Autobiography
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Researching Writing Lives
Claude Robinson (b.1898) – Education and Schooling Part 2
Ethan Catherall April 23, 2019 Claude Robinson (b.1898), Education and Schooling
Claude Robinson's clashes with the higher-ups in charge of the education system were numerous during his time at Jarrow School, and he proved to be a formidable enemy to those who were opposed to change. In 1934, he became headmaster of Jarrow School, something 'the Anti-Labour elements bitterly resented' (pg.5), due to his strong presence as a strike leader and the passionate speeches that came with his heated activism. An example of this activism is the General Strike of 1926 where he got into trouble with the authorities for his charged and morale-boosting speeches to the locked-out miners of South Staffordshire – later in his life he would tell The Chronicle that 'the authorities wanted to gag me' but in adherence to his working-class stance, he went on to recite speeches that were 'far more extreme' for the sake of the miners. Certainly, a young Claude Robinson was a force to be reckoned with. His fiery disposition and intolerance for class division came through in his work as a teacher as well, since he was at odds with his seniors consistently during his time as headmaster of Jarrow School. Robinson had the difficult task of looking after a school with wartime looming, resentment from an entire political party and with little help from a government who didn't seem to care, as his school struggled against evacuation and evaluation. He could not afford to mellow out as his responsibilities grew with experience and expectations, and with the weight of the world on his shoulders, he fought in the hope that he could make a difference in the education system.
In a series of crises that arose during his time as headmaster, the first that Robinson encountered was in 1939, an evacuation where not so distant towns such as Hartlepool were being bombarded by German planes and Jarrow School was desperately looking for evacuation schemes for students and teachers alike. In retrospect, this account seems surreal because of how difficult it appeared for the school to find an evacuation plan from the bomb threat, as several offers were either retracted or just unfeasible (they were asked to evacuate to Chester Le Street, which was too close, and Robinson described that the plan was 'to make the same bomb destroy us both' (pg.6)) Salvation thankfully came in the form of the headmaster of Wolsingham Secondary School offering to share his school for the evacuation. Yet that was not the end of worry for Robinson and his staff, as the school workers had to 'work themselves to death to find accommodation (for Jarrow's students and staff) with little more than 48 hours to spare'. According to Robinson, 'everyone expected air raids within the hours' (pg.7), a revelation that Robinson, in his typically calm tone, plays down the magnitude, yet the danger that the students were in is hard to imagine. A mansion off the school grounds, called Harperley Hall, was secured for the girls and mistresses, and two church halls and houses were prepared for the boys. Robinson describes the conditions as 'difficult and raw' and yet, amazingly, poor conditions were the least of the problems for Robinson at the time. Just as the threat level of bombings were reduced to yellow, 'discontent began to manifest itself' and 'the heat was off from the Germans and turned against Oates (headmaster of Wolsingham) and myself' (pg.7). Again, Robinson and his colleagues were to take the punishment for incompetence that was not their own. As we read about this stressful time during his career in education, an identity begins to form in our minds about what kind of man Claude Robinson was, and the kind of life he led; narrowly escaping an air raid only to find himself under fire from the higher ups closer to home brings the term 'out of the frying pan and into the fire' to mind. The conditions that Jarrow School suffered through are truly shocking to learn about and paint a working-class image of oppression and resistance, with Robinson at the heart of this struggle for a better future for education, and against the negligence from his largely absent benefactors.
Robinson, C. (1982) These We Have Loved (New Horizon, Bognor Regis)
Marshall, R. (2008) Article for Chronicle Live: Teacher Who Marched Into Local Legend https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/lifestyle/nostalgia/teacher-who-marched-local-legend-1466989
Perry, P. (2017) Jarrow From Old Photographs, Amberley Publishing
Picture of the aftermath of an air raid on Tyneside in 1941 https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/history/hell-loose-during-devastating-bomb-11961066
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Teams compete for bragging rights for donations
Luke Smucker
Pontiac's junior high baseball and softball teams competed to see who could collect the most food supplies for the Livingston County Community Pantry in Pontiac on Aug. 16. The softball team used the event as their service day activity for the year. The softball team collected a total of 357 items and the baseball team collected 56 for a grand total of 413 items. These items were dropped off at the food pantry on Aug. 18.
"As a team, we made a goal for ourselves to get 120 items for the food pantry the day before our game against Bloomington Junior High School," Makayla Metz, an eighth-grader, said. "I think the other thing that really pushed us to get 120 items is how much we wanted to beat the boys."
Softball player Bailee Myers said the team was surprised to collect so many items.
"We were all really shocked because we had only expected to bring in 120 and we had a lot more," Myers said.
Riley Foster added, "We originally asked everyone to bring in at least 10 items, but a lot of us brought more than 10 items. Some of us went to the Dollar Tree and places like that so that we could get the most out of our money."
The teammates agreed, it felt good to be able to donate so many items to people in need within the community.
"Last year was a lot of fun because we got to walk the dogs for the Humane Society, but this year it felt good to help the community out," Myers said. "It felt really good to collect all of those items."


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Truffaut's Fahrenheit 451, A Failed Movie
Home / Truffaut's Fahrenheit 451, A Failed Movie
By Keith May 3, 2013 Movie Adaptations
François Truffaut had had a wonderful career. This self-educated film buff directed The 400 Blows, along with twenty-some other movies, founded the French New Wave movement, developed the auteur theory, and acted in Steven Spielberg's Close Encounters of the Third Kind. He wrote movie reviews, books, and screenplays. But in any ambitious career, there is bound to be some failures. His adaptation of Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 is one such failure. According to IMDB, Truffaut and fellow screenwriter Jean-Louis Richard wrote the screenplay before they had mastered English. Perhaps this fault alone would have domed this movie, but it was only one of many faults.
Fahrenheit 451 (1966), like its namesake novel, is about a dystopian society that had outlawed books. To enforce this ban, the firemen of the future hunt down and burn books. One such fireman is Guy Montag, played by Austrian actor Oskar Werner. Montag has a secret: He reads the books he was ordered to burn. British actress Julie Christie plays both Linda Montag, Montag's wife, and Clarisse, a young woman who shares Montag's secret obsession with books. They must keep this secret from The Captain (Cyril Cusack), Montag's superior.
Though a talented cast, they approached this work with little enthusiasm and no passion. Perhaps Werner was too uncomfortable with English to convey emotion in that language. Perhaps Truffaut instructed Christie to recite Linda's lines with a wooden tone, in keeping with the theme that a society without books is a population of dull, lifeless idiots. Regardless the cause, the dialogue was monotone. Since the emotional groundwork was never laid, the few burst of emotion that came sounded forced and unrealistic.
Though, with few exceptions, the movie was faithful to the novel, it failed to create the same sense of dread I had experienced when reading the novel. Along with faulty pacing—the scenes felt rushed, underdeveloped, unconvincing—I believe the absence of a backstory hampered the story. How did a free society degenerate to this dystopia? Bradbury answered that question in his novel, but Truffaut ignored it in the movie. The backstory was essential to connect the world I know to this future world. Without that connection, the movie lacked the it-could-happen factor.
Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 is an important novel about the dangers of censorship. When moviemakers went to adopt the book for a movie, it deserved serious thought and effort. Instead, this movie felt rushed and insincere. It was as if the director and actors, once they signed on the dotted line, regretted their decision and rushed through the work just to get it done and behind them. Read the book; avoid the movie.
Walter Salles' On the Road


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What is M.E. ?
Prognosis of Severe M.E
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Severe ME Day 2019
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How does 'Severe' Myalgic Encephalomyelitis differ from less severe forms?
Those with severe Myalgic Encephalomyelitis are either bedbound and/or virtually or completely housebound. They require unique care due to the tendency for the illness to be exacerbated by everyday stimuli such as light, noise and movement. They are often too ill to use a wheelchair, or can only do so to a very limited degree. Many need to spend their time lying flat in silence and darkness to avoid deterioration. Some are tube-fed, incontinent, unable to communicate, allergic to medications, and unable to move.
Those with very severe Myalgic Encephalomyelitis experience profound levels of suffering and extreme symptoms, which can be life-threatening. Life may be reduced to basic survival, struggling moment by moment to breathe, eat, and drink, while enduring extreme pain.
Unfortunately, the name ME has been misrepresented as a mental health condition and the term CFS has been promoted by a psychiatrically oriented lobby that uses a much wider, looser, now discredited definition, with a primary focus on fatigue. Despite fatigue not being mentioned as a symptom of the original illness for which Ramsay formally gained recognition by the WHO in 1968.
The use of the conglomerate term CFS/ME or ME/CFS confuses and also misrepresents the illness, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. This has led to misunderstanding, misrepresentation and mistreatment of those who have genuine Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and the promotion of an inappropriate psychosocial approach to ME which relies on the presumption that ME is perpetuated by wrong illness beliefs and deconditioning, offering 'treatment' protocols that focus primarily on changing thought and gradually increasing activity with the help of trained therapists.
For people with Severe ME, Graded Exercise and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) are not recommended, though Graded Activity management, is unfortunately recommended by NICE.
However, the NICE guidelines are currently in the process of being rewritten, with a greater input by patient representative's. GET and CBT have not been withdrawn from recommendation from the guidance, despite the 25% ME group and others requesting to do so in the interest of patients. Note that the FINE trial, researching CBT for people with Severe ME, was a complete failure.
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Email: enquiry@25megroup.org
Address: 21 Church St, Troon KA10 6HT
Hours: Mon – Fri, 9:00-17:00
© 2018 25% M.E. Group We're a registered charity in Scotland (no. SC034265)


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University Duisburg-Essen
Institute for Development and Peace
Members and Fellows
INEF Members
INEF Fellows
INEF Guest Professor
Research Programme
Research Area I
Research Area II
Research Area III
"Käte Hamburger Kolleg / Centre for Global Cooperation Research"
Global Trends. Analysis
Peace Report
INEF-Report
INEF Project Series
UAR Working Papers
INEF Blog
sef:/INEF News
INEF Updates
The Institute for Development and Peace (INEF) was founded in 1990 as the first institute of the Faculty of Social Sciences exclusively focusing on research and research transfer into academic and political debates.
We analyze issues in the field of peace and conflict as well as development studies and ask which actors address and govern global challenges and with what effects (global governance).
Under our current research programme "Contested Authority in Transnational Governance" we organize our work into the three research areas:
I. Global Governance for Sustainable Development
II. Human Rights and Regulation in the Global Economy
III. Social Conflicts and Resilience
Third-party funded research projects allow us to generate basic knowledge on politically relevant issues and to collect data as part of our field research. INEF is integrated in a strong and viable international research and collaboration network. We work particularly closely with the Development and Peace Foundation (sef:) and the Centre for Global Cooperation Research (Käte Hamburger Kolleg, KHK) at the University of Duisburg-Essen.
As far as applied research and public policy consulting is concerned, the collaboration with the sef: and the Working Group on Peace and Development (FriEnt) as well as with the German Platform for Peaceful Conflict Management features quite prominently. With respect to research and graduate training, besides the Käte Hamburger Kolleg/Centre for Global Cooperation Research (KHK/GCR21) of the University of Duisburg-Essen, the UAR Graduate Centre for Development Studies and the Institute of Development Research and Development Policy (IEE), both based at the Ruhr University Bochum, play a major role among our academic partners.
Our publications are the most visible results of our research. Besides books and articles published by our team members, three publication series of INEF have been established over the years, which constitute a key aspect of our work. With the working paper series "INEF Report", INEF tries to shape the academic discourse and the political debates on particular issues of development and peace. Together with the Peace and Development Foundation (sef:), INEF issues the series "Global Trends. Analysis", which is edited by an international board of experts. In addition, INEF co-edits the annual "Peace Report" in collaboration with three other peace research institutes providing analyses of current conflicts and also giving specific recommendations to policy-makers.
In addition to our research, we try to contribute regularly to the degree programmes of the Institute for Political Science at the Faculty of Social Sciences. This comprises in particular teaching courses in the MA programme "International Relations and Development Policy" (MA IBEP).
INEF Insights 2020
INEF Flyer
Fakultät für Gesellschaftswissenschaften
Institut für Entwicklung und Frieden (INEF)
Lotharstraße 53
Phone: +49 (0)203 - 379 4420
Fax: +49 (0)203 - 379 4425
E-Mail:inef-sek[at]uni-due.de Homepage: https://www.uni-due.de/inef/
Prof. Dr. Christof Hartmann
Dr. Cornelia Ulbert
Ursula Schürmann
E-Mail: inef-sek[at]uni-due.de


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Gregg, R. E. (Robert E.)
Gregg R. E. 1945; The worker caste of Harpagoxenus canadensis Smith (Formicidae). The Canadian Entomologist. 77:74-76 1945
Gregg R. E. 1945; Two new forms of Monomorium (Formicidae). Psyche. 52:62-69 1945
Gregg R. E. 1945; The ants of the Chicago region. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 37:447-480 1945
Gregg R. E. 1946; The ants of northeastern Minnesota. American Midland Naturalist. 35:747-755 1946
Gregg R. E. 1949; A note on Pheidole (Macropheidole) rhea Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche. 56:70-73 1949
Gregg R. E. 1949; A new ant from southwestern United States (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 51:171-174 1949
Gregg R. E. 1950; A new species of Pheidole from the southwest. Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 58:89-93 1950
Gregg R. E. 1951; Two new species of exotic ants. Psyche. 58:77-84 1951
Gregg R. E. 1952; A new ant of the genus Pheidole from Colorado. American Museum Novitates. 1557:1-4 1952
Gregg R. E. 1952; The female of Formica opaciventris Emery (Formicidae). Psyche. 59:13-19 1952
Gregg R. E. 1953; Morphological considerations affecting the taxonomy of certain genera of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 55:324-330 1953
Gregg R. E. 1953; The soldier caste of Pheidole (Ceratopheidole) clydei Gregg (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). American Museum Novitates. 1637:1-7 1953
Gregg R. E. 1953; Notes on the ant, Leptothorax obliquicanthus Cole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Breviora. 22:1-3 1953
Creighton W. S., Gregg R. E. 1954; Studies on the habits and distribution of Cryptocerus texanus Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche. 61:41-57 1954
Gregg R. E. 1954; Taxonomic notes on the ant, Camponotus cooperi Gregg. Psyche. 60:102-104 1954
Gregg R. E. 1954; Geographical distribution of the genus Myrmoteras, including the description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche. 61:20-30 1954
Creighton W. S., Gregg R. E. 1955; New and little-known species of Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. University of Colorado Studies, Series in Biology. 3:1-46 1955
Gregg R. E. 1955; A new species of ant belonging to the Pheidole pilifera complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche. 62:19-28 1955
Gregg R. E. 1955; The rediscovery of Veromessor lobognathus (Andrews) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche. 62:45-52 1955
Gregg R. E. 1956; An extension of range for the ant, Pheidole lamia Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomological News. 67:37-39 1956
Gregg R. E. 1957; A new species of Myrmoteras from Ceylon (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche. 63:41-45 1957
Gregg R. E. 1958; Two new species of Metapone from Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 60:111-121 1958
Gregg R. E. 1959; Key to the species of Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the United States. Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 66:7-48 1959
Gregg R. E. 1961; The status of certain myrmicine ants in western North America with a consideration of the genus Paramyrmica Cole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 69:209-220 1961
Gregg R. E. 1963. The ants of Colorado. With reference to their ecology, taxonomy, and geographic distribution. Boulder, Colorado: University of Colorado Press; 1963
Browne J. T., Gregg R. E. 1969; A study of the ecological distribution of ants in Gregory Canyon, Boulder, Colorado. University of Colorado Studies, Series in Biology. 30:1-48 1969
Gregg R. E. 1969; Geographic distribution of the ant genus Formica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 71:38-49 1969
Gregg R. E. 1969; New species of Pheidole from Pacific Coast islands (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomological News. 80:93-101 1969
Gregg R. E. 1972; A new species of Stenamma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist. 32:35-39 1972
Gregg R. E. 1972; The northward distribution of ants in North America. The Canadian Entomologist. 104:1073-1091 1972
Gregg R. E. 1973; A new species of Camponotus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Nevada. Southwestern Naturalist. 18:39-43 1973


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Samsung Galaxy S5 review: The once great all-rounder steps down
Jonathan Bray Jon has been tinkering with tech since the days when 128KB was a lot of storage, and games took 20 minutes to load via tape cassette. He's been smitten ever since, and having decided to forge a career in technology journalism, he's now been testing, reviewing and dispensing balanced and objective advice for over 20 years. If it's been released in that time and has some kind of processor, he's probably tested it.Despite having written about enough PCs, laptops, tablets, routers, smartphones, headphones, graphics cards, monitors, printers, scanners, cameras, cars and smart tech to fill an Amazon warehouse, his enthusiasm for all things shiny has never waned. Read more July 25, 2014
Latest news: The Samsung Galaxy S5 isn't widely available any more, but although it's surpassed by a number of superior smarphones since it first launched (not least the Samsung Galaxy S6 and the more recent Galaxy S7), Samsung has rebranded and relaunched it in the guise of the Samsung Galaxy S5 Neo. It's a testament to the quality and performance of the original design that, despite its age, it still makes a viable purchase even today, especially at a price of £235.
In fact, we liked the Samsung Galaxy S5 Neo so much that we gave it a Recommended award when we reviewed it recently. It's a mid-range budget smartphone that inherits most of the internals of its illustrious forebear, and well worth a look if your budget can't quite stretch to full-blown flagship prices.
However, the S5 Neo isn't alone in offering a lot for a little these days. If you don't mind paying upfront for your smartphones, the OnePlus 2 offers faster performance and a bigger screen than the Samsung Galaxy S5, and it looks a lot nicer. The OnePlus 3 ups the ante even further with a cracking camera, better battery life and even faster performance – plus, it's still only £309.
Then you have the smaller 5.2in Nexus 5X, which is another brilliant phone, with good performance, a 1080p display and a superb camera. And it will cost you considerably less than £300, with recent deals dropping it, temporarily, below £200.
Then there's the unbelievably good, but unbelievably cheap 5.5in Moto G4. It doesn't look as nice as the OnePlus handsets and the camera isn't as good as the Nexus 5X, but at a price of £170 it will actually save you money over the S5 Neo. It has a great screen and performance that's just as good as far more expensive smartphones.
Last, but by no means least, is the new Samsung Galaxy A5. The Galaxy A5 looks, to all intents and purposes, exactly like a flagship smartphone. In fact, with Gorilla Glass 4 at the front and the back, and a sculpted aluminium frame, it looks and feels eerily similar to last year's Samsung Galaxy S6.
It has brilliant battery life, lasting 15hrs 26mins in our video-rundown test; a 5.2in AMOLED display that looks fantastic; a decent camera; and a very reasonable price of £290. The Galaxy A5 has exactly the same processor as the S5 Neo (above), so performance is similar, but the design and build quality are vastly superior. If you're looking for a smartphone that looks as good as it performs, you won't go far wrong with the Samsung Galaxy A5.
There's plenty of choice, then, if you're after a fast-performing phone for under £300. Although the S5 Neo is good, it's by no means the only choice.
Samsung Galaxy S5 review
We wondered where the world's number-one smartphone maker could possibly go with the Samsung Galaxy S5. The Galaxy S4's 5in screen was already hitting the pocketable limit, and with so much tech already squeezed into that phone there surely wasn't much room for attention-grabbing extras. We were wrong.
The best smartphones in 2018
Samsung Galaxy S5 Neo review: The best deals on the S5 Neo are here
Still, cast a glance over the S5's key specs and you might come to the same conclusion. Aside from the usual processor boost, from the quad-core 1.9GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon 600 of last year's model to the top-of-the-range, quad-core Snapdragon 801 this year, there's no whizz-bang upgrade to match the quirky duo-camera of its major rival, the HTC One (M8), nor a radical rethink of design.
There are some key differences. The plastic panel at the rear has changed from gloss to soft touch, there are new colours to choose from – including a dubious-looking gold – and Samsung has bumped up the screen to 5.1in. Visit: the best Android phones of 2014 too.
Below the screen is a physical home button, flanked by two capacitive buttons; one for back and another for accessing the recent apps list. The display remains ringed with a ridged, chrome-effect band, with the power and volume buttons in the same positions on the right and left edges. The rear panel is still removable, giving access to SIM, microSD slots beneath, and a user-replaceable battery.
A closer examination of the specs reveals that the new phone is 15g heavier, and a touch taller and wider. For a more radical comparison you need to sit the S5 next to the HTC One (M8); the S5 is lighter, shorter, slightly wider, and – to our eyes at least – far less attractive.
Tricks and tweaks
Yet Samsung has made a number of changes: mostly small, but which add up to a major upgrade overall. Flip the rear cover off and examine the underside of the thin plastic back, and you'll see evidence of the S5's water- and dust-resistant protection: a thin rubber strip sealing in the sensitive components.
The Samsung Galaxy S5 is IP67 rated, which indicates the phone is protected against dust ingress, and can be submerged in water up to a metre for 30 minutes. Anyone who has ever dropped their phone in the sink, bath or toilet, or who's soaked their phone in a heavy rainstorm, will attest to the fact that this is a feature well worth having.
The familiar home button hides another new feature: a fingerprint reader for unlocking the phone, similar to that of the Apple iPhone 5s. It's less convenient than Apple's touch-recognition approach, though. Only three fingerprints can be registered, and you need to swipe your finger across the button for it to work. As a result, we found it tricky to unlock the unit one-handed.
Then there's the heart-rate monitor, located just below the camera on the rear of the phone. This is more sensibly positioned. With the phone cradled in your left or right hand, the sensor falls nicely under the ball of your index finger. However, heart-rate sensors work best when they're constantly monitoring your pulse during periods of exercise or day-to-day activities. With the S5 you have to make a conscious decision to measure your pulse, which makes it less useful.
It's the improvements to the phone's camera that prove the most compelling. Samsung has upped the resolution to 16 megapixels, added DSLR-style phase-detect autofocus, the ability to shoot video at up to a 4K resolution, and is now using a new 1/2.6in sensor. The latter isn't only larger than the HTC One (M8)'s 1/3in offering, but also boasts new "ISOCELL" technology aimed at reducing image noise.
The result of these changes is top performance and superlative image quality all round. The autofocus system, true to Samsung's claims, focuses from near to far subjects in around 0.3 seconds – but that isn't the full story. It can take as long as a second to analyse the scene before that focusing takes place.
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Contract period
73 x 8.1 x 142mm (WDH)
Core Specifications
Camera megapixel rating
16.0mp
Front-facing camera?
5.1in
Other wireless standards
Bluetooth support
OS family


text:
package 华为武汉长沙地区实习招聘;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Excel的列编号 {
	private static Scanner sc;
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		sc=new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println(calculate(sc.nextLine()));

	}
private static String calculate(String str) {
	int result=0;
	for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){
		char c=str.charAt(i);
		result=(int) (result+(int)(c-96)*Math.pow(26, str.length()-1-i));
	}
	return String.valueOf(result);
}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


After months of fulfilling our mission and supplying up to 2500 meals a day at the height of winter 2016, we still find ourselves maintaining the supply hot, healthy and nutritious meals a day, everyday in Calais and Dunkirk.
Spring 2016 saw us embarking on building communal kitchens, supplying food ingredients, which allowed the residents in the camps to cook their own food giving the dignity of feeding and providing for their own families as well as setting up RCKOutreach serving food to the homeless in London.
Presently (Spring2018) with no camps in place the situation Northern France is worse than ever, people have no shelter, they are sleeping in the woods, in ditches and under flyovers. Refugee Community Kitchen is needed more now than ever.
This can only be done with your continued support in both donations and volunteering in the kitchen.
Recurring donations allow us to commit to this consistent work.
Refugee Community Kitchen is a restricted fund under the auspices of Prism the Gift Fund Registered Charity Number: 1099682.