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Read 05C0979 KATHLEEN PUMPHREY v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W DARLENE RIZZUTO v. THECITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W FRED FARVE, JR. v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/WMICHAEL RICKS AND VIVIAN RICKS v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W BARBARAELLIS v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS text version
FOR IMMEDIATE NEWS RELEASE NEWS RELEASE # 18 FROM: CLERK OF THE SUPREME COURT OF LOUISIANA
The Opinions handed down on the 4th day of April, 2006, are as follows:
BY KNOLL, J.:
2005-C -0979
KATHLEEN PUMPHREY v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W DARLENE RIZZUTO v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W FRED FARVE, JR. v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W MICHAEL RICKS AND VIVIAN RICKS v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W BARBARA ELLIS v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W HERBERT CRAIG v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W A. RAY PIATTOLY v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W PATRICK MURPHY v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W IGNATIUS JAMES v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS (Parish of Orleans) For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the judgment of the court of appeal and render declaratory judgment in favor of defendant, the City of New Orleans. REVERSED.
SUPREME COURT OF LOUISIANA NO. 05-C-979 KATHLEEN PUMPHREY VERSUS THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS Consolidated with DARLENE RIZZUTO VERSUS THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS Consolidated with FRED FARVE, JR. VERSUS THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS Consolidated with MICHAEL RICKS and VIVIAN RICKS VERSUS THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS Consolidated with BARBARA ELLIS VERSUS THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS Consolidated with HERBERT CRAIG VERSUS THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS
Consolidated with A. RAY PIATTOLY VERSUS THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS Consolidated with PATRICK MURPHY VERSUS THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS Consolidated with IGNATIUS JAMES VERSUS THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF APPEAL FOURTH CIRCUIT, PARISH OF ORLEANS
KNOLL, Justice This civil case addresses the legal question of whether La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B) exempts the City of New Orleans with regard to its self-funded employee health care insurance plan from the penalty provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A). Plaintiffs filed individual suits seeking penalties and attorneys fees for non-payment and/or untimely payment of insurance benefits, which were due and payable to plaintiffs, under the City of New Orleans's self-funded employee health care plan. After consolidation of these suits, the City of New Orleans ("City") filed a petition for declaratory judgment in all of the consolidated cases seeking a declaration that La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B) exempted the City with regard to its self-funded health plan from the penalty provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A). The district court entered
judgment against the City holding La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062 does not exempt the City or its health plan from the provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657. The court of appeal affirmed. We granted writ primarily to resolve the alleged conflict between La. Rev. Stats. 22:657(C) and 33:3062(B) to determine whether La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B) exempts the City's health plan from the penalty provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A). Pumphrey v. City of New Orleans, 05-0979 (La. 12/16/05), __ So.2d __. For the following reasons, we find the provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B) clearly and explicitly exempt the City's health plan from the penalty provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A) and render declaratory judgment in favor of the City. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY On January 1, 1978, the City became self-insured as to health care coverage for its employees and contracted with various vendors for administrative services in connection with its health care and hospitalization plan. The City offered as a benefit to its employees, retirees, and their dependants, the option of participating in the City's self-funded health care plan or participating in its preferred provider organization (PPO) health care plan. In March 1991, the City entered into a contract with Total Benefits Services ("Total") to administer its health care plan, and then in November 1991, the City entered into a contract with Group Insurance Administration of Louisiana ("Group") to secure medical service discounts through the use of Group's preferred provider network and to manage the PPO health care program. At all times relevant herein, the City has maintained a self-funded health care plan for the benefit of its employees, retired employees, and their families. This consolidated matter arises out of multiple Petitions for Damages brought on behalf of eligible participants in the City's self-funded health care plan.1 The
Kathleen Pumphrey v. City of New Orleans, No. 93-158, CDC for the Parish of Orleans, Div. "G", 04-CA-889; Darlene Rizzuto v. City of New Orleans, No. 93-159, CDC for the Parish of 3
plaintiffs, Kathleen Pumphrey, Darlene Rizzuto, Fred Farve, Jr., Michael and Vivian Ricks, Barbara Ellis, Herbert Craig, A. Ray Piattoly, Patrick Murphy, and Ignatius James, are seeking penalties and attorneys fees for non-payment and/or untimely payment of insurance benefits, which were due and payable to plaintiffs, under the plaintiffs' participation in the City's self-funded employee health care plan, in accordance with La. Rev. Stat. 22:657. Plaintiffs alleged more than thirty days had elapsed from the date upon which the plaintiffs submitted written notice and proof of claim on covered medical bills to the City's self-funded health care plan. Plaintiffs further contended the City had arbitrarily and capriciously delayed payment of benefits due or had arbitrarily and capriciously paid claims beyond thirty days after submission. Additionally, plaintiffs alleged the City breached its fiduciary duty of good faith and fair dealings and its contractual duties to the plaintiffs as a result of its arbitrary and capricious failure to pay claims. As a result of the City's actions, the plaintiffs alleged they suffered mental anguish and pain and suffering, all of which entitled them "to recover damages as are reasonable in the premises." After filing her petition for damages, plaintiff, Darlene Rizzuto, filed a petition for declaratory judgment on March 26, 1993, to determine whether the penalty and attorney fees provision of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657 applies to the City and its self-funded health care plan. The Fourth Circuit in Rizzuto v. City of New Orleans, 94-1016 (La.
Orleans, Div. "C", 04-CA-890; Fred Farve, Jr. v. City of New Orleans, No. 93-160, CDC for the Parish of Orleans, Div. "A", 04-CA-891; Michael Ricks and Vivian Ricks v. City of New Orleans, No. 93-161, CDC for the Parish of Orleans, Div. "H", 04-CA-892; Barbara Ellis v. City of New Orleans, No. 93-162, CDC for the Parish of Orleans, Div. "D", 04-CA-893; Herbert Craig v. City of New Orleans, No. 93-163, CDC for the Parish of Orleans, Div. "A", 04-CA-894; A Ray Piattoly v. City of New Orleans, No. 93-164, CDC for the Parish of Orleans, Div. "C", 04-CA-895; Patrick Murphy v. City of New Orleans, No. 93-165, CDC for the Parish of Orleans, Div. "J", 04-CA-896; and Ignatius James v. City of New Orleans, No. 93-2970, CDC for the Parish of Orleans, Div. "G", 04-CA-897. All suits were filed on January 5, 1993, except James v. City of New Orleans, which was filed on February 19, 1993. All petitions are identical except for the names of the plaintiffs. The divisions cited herein reflect the division letters stamped on the original petitions as filed. Notably, in the Order to Consolidate, the divisions do not correspond with the division letter stamp, but are listed as follows: Pumphrey, Div. "G"; Rizzuto, Div. "I"; Farve, Div. "M"; Ricks, Div. "H"; Ellis, Div. "N"; Craig, Div. "M"; Piattoly, Div. "I"; Murphy, Div. "J"; James, Div. "G". 4
App. 4 Cir. 1/19/95), 650 So.2d 341, affirmed the district court's declaratory judgment rendered in favor of plaintiff, which held that the provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657 apply to the City, a political subdivision of the State of Louisiana, with regard to it self-funded health care plan. The Rizzuto court found the broad based language of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657 mandates the imposition of penalties on any entity, including "corporation and other organization," which fails to timely pay health benefits with the only exclusion for "collectively bargained union welfare plans other than health and accident plans." 94-1016 at p. 4, 650 So.2d at 343. The court noted that although La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(C) sets forth an illustrative list of included entities within its provisions, the list is not exhaustive, and when the Legislature included the State of Louisiana as one of the entities within the provisions, the court found the broad-based language also included a self-funded health care plan run by a political subdivision of the State. Id., at pp. 4-5, 650 So.2d at 343. Relying on a definition of "organization" that includes "government or governmental subdivision or agency," the court concluded the State's political subdivisions are bound by La. Rev. Stat. 22:657 because political subdivisions were not specifically excluded and the State of Louisiana was specifically included. Id., at p. 5, 343-44. Subsequently, the City and all the plaintiffs filed a joint motion to consolidate, which was granted on July 20, 1998, by order signed by the district court. After consolidation of the cases, the City filed the petition for declaratory judgment at issue in this case, seeking a declaration that La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062 exempts the City with regard to its health care plan from the penalty provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657. The district court found in plaintiffs' favor, reasoning: The Fourth Circuit upheld the applicability of La. R.S. 22:657 to the City's health plan in Rizzuto v. City of New Orleans, 94-[1016] (La.
App. 4 Cir. 1/19/95), 650 So.2d 341. Rizzuto clearly held that La. R.S. 22:657 does apply to the City's health plan and that the City violated the statute. Consequently, the court in Rizzuto ordered the City to pay the proper penalties and attorney's fees. The original text of La. R.S. 22:657 did not include the term "selfinsurers." However, "self-insurers" was added to both the heading and subsection C in the 1979 amendment to the statute. This amendment reveals the legislature's intent that self-funded health insurance plans are to be controlled by La. R.S. 22:675. La. R.S. 22:657 has been amended twice since the enactment of La. R.S. 33:3062; neither amendment repealed subsection C. It is clear that the wording of the text in La. R.S. 22:657, the actions of the legislature, as well as the jurisprudence, contradict the position of the City. Accordingly, this Court finds that La. R.S. 33:3062 does not exempt the City from the provisions of La. R.S. 22:657. The Court of Appeal affirmed the district court's decision in an unpublished opinion, finding the law of the case doctrine precluded its reconsideration of the appeal: The City contends, as it did in Rizzuto, that the trial court erred when it held that the provisions of La. R.S. 22:657 apply to the City with regard to its self-funded health care plan. This Court has previously decided that issue [in] Rizzuto. In Rizzuto, this court affirmed the trial judge's holding that La. R.S. 22:657 applied to the City's self-funded health care plan. In Kiefer v. Southern Freightways, Inc., 95-2037, p. 5 (La.App. 4 Cir. 12/27/96), 686 So.2d 1041, 1046, this Court dealt with the issue of whether a defendant should be barred by the "law of the case" doctrine from re-urging an argument in an appeal which was presented, and ultimately rejected, in a previous appeal even though not all parties were in the appeal at issue were parties in the prior appeal. *** In the present appeal, the law of the case doctrine is being applied "against" the City and the City was, of course, a party at the time of our decision in the previous appeal. The City had a full opportunity to present its argument in the previous appeal. Thus, this court has already decided the exact issue in one of the consolidated cases; the same ruling applies and should be adopted to all of the cases concerning the instant appeal. This Court granted the City's writ application to determine whether La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062 exempts the City with regard to its health plan from the penalty provision of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A) and to resolve the alleged conflict between the provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B) and La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(C).
LAW AND ANALYSIS Before we engage in any statutory interpretation, however, we examine first the law of the case doctrine and its applicability in the present case. Law of the Case Doctrine In Day v. Campbell-Grosjean Roofing & Sheet Metal Corp., 256 So.2d 105, 107 (La. 1972), this Court explained with Justice Tate as organ for the Court: With regard to an appellate court, the `law of the case' refers to a policy by which the court will not, on a subsequent appeal, reconsider prior rulings in the same case. This policy applies only against those who were parties to the case when the former appellate decision was rendered and who thus had their day in court. Among reasons assigned for application of the policy are: the avoidance of indefinite relitigation of the same issue; the desirability of consistency of the result in the same litigation; and the efficiency, and the essential fairness to both parties, of affording a single opportunity for the argument and decision of the matter at issue. Nevertheless, the law-of-the-case principle is applied merely as a discretionary guide: Argument is barred where there is merely doubt as to the correctness of the former ruling, but not in cases of palpable former error or so mechanically as to accomplish manifest injustice. Further, the law-of-the-case principle is not applied so as to prevent a higher court from examining the correctness of the ruling of the previous court. Preliminarily, we observe the principle of law of the case has no bearing upon our decision today. Pitre v. Louisiana Tech University, 95-1466 (La. 5/10/96), 673 So.2d 585, 589. Under this doctrine, courts of appeal generally refuse to reconsider their own rulings of law on a subsequent appeal in the same case. Id.; Garrison v. St. Charles Gen. Hosp., 03-0423, p. 1 (La. 4/25/03), 845 So.2d 1047, 1047 (per curiam). However, this principle is not applied to prevent a higher court from examining the correctness of the ruling of an intermediate appellate court as it "merely expresses the practice of courts generally to refuse to reopen what has been decided, not a limit to their power." Messinger v. Anderson, 225 U.S. 436, 444, 32 S.Ct. 739, 740, 56 L.Ed. 1152 (1912). The law of the case doctrine must never be applied as a restraint on the
power and authority of the court in developing law and, therefore, must never be employed if such would restrain the development of law. As this Court is not bound by the doctrine, we further find the court of appeal erred in its discretionary application of the doctrine in the present case. Based on our reading of the court of appeal's earlier disposition in the Rizzuto case in conjunction with a review of the record in Rizzuto submitted as an exhibit in the present case, the only issue resolved by the Rizzuto court was the correctness of the district court's finding plaintiff was entitled to a declaration that La. Rev. Stat. 22:657 applied to the City's health plan. No discussion of the La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062 exemption was had, and therefore, the Rizzuto court did not rule on the issue in this case, i.e., the applicability of La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B) to exempt the City's health plan from the penalty provision of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A). Under these circumstances, we find the court of appeal clearly erred in applying the law of the case doctrine. We look now to a discussion of the merits of this case, i.e., the application of the La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B) exemption. Statutory Construction We begin by noting the application of La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B) as an exemption from La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A)'s penalty provision is an issue of first impression for this Court. We do acknowledge this Court in Caraway v. Royale Airlines, Inc., 579 So.2d 424, 429 (La. 1991), found the City of Bossier City was liable for penalties and attorney fees under La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A), holding the record supported the conclusion the City of Bossier City was without just and reasonable grounds in failing to pay benefits to plaintiff under its health plan. However, we find it evident the Caraway court did not consider the exemption from
the penalty provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A) contained in La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B).2 Therefore, we turn to a discussion of the provisions at issue in this case. La. Rev. Stat. 22:657 provides, in pertinent part: A. All claims arising under the terms of health and accident contracts issued in this state, except as provided in Subsection B, shall be paid not more than thirty days from the date upon which written notice and proof of claim, in the form required by the terms of the policy, are furnished to the insurer unless just and reasonable grounds, such as would put a reasonable and prudent businessman on his guard, exist. The insurer shall make payment at least every thirty days to the assured during that part of the period of his disability covered by the policy or contract of insurance during which the insured is entitled to such payments. Failure to comply with the provisions of this Section shall subject the insurer to a penalty payable to the insured of double the amount of the health and accident benefits due under the terms of the policy or contract during the period of delay, together with attorney's fees to be determined by the court. Any court of competent jurisdiction in the parish where the insured lives or has his domicile, excepting a justice of the peace court, shall have jurisdiction to try such cases. C. Any person, partnership, corporation or other organization, or the State of Louisiana which provides or contracts to provide health and accident benefit coverage as a self-insurer for his or its employees, stockholders or any other persons, shall be subject to the provisions of this Section, including the provisions relating to penalties and attorney fees, without regard to whether the person or organization is a commercial insurer provided, however, this Section shall not apply to collectively bargained union welfare plans other than health and accident plans. La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062 provides: A. The governing authority of any municipality, parish, school board, or interlocal risk management agency authorized pursuant to R.S. 33:1341, et seq., hereafter referred to in this Part as the "governing authority", may contract for any type of insurance protection for itself or its officers
Interestingly, the Caraway plaintiffs filed suit on February 20, 1987, for recovery of health insurance benefits due to plaintiffs under the City of Bossier City's health and hospitalization insurance, which covered plaintiff at the time of her surgery on July 30, 1986. During the course of the surgery, potentially life-threatening complications arose. Medical expenses from the surgery and treatment of the complications totaled $78,165.65. The City of Bossier City plan paid $1166 in benefits, the amount it alleged it was responsible for as secondary plan under its non-duplication of benefits provision. On July 14, 1986, the City of Bossier City plan had agreed to extend coverage as a secondary plan. Ironically, La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062 became effective on July 14, 1986. Notably, the Caraway court did not find the City of Bossier City liable under La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(C), but rather found liability under the general penalty provision of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A). Specifically, even though effective, the Caraway court did not address La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062 or its exemption. 9
and employees including self insurance or shared risk programs, provided the term of coverage of such insurance does not exceed ten years, and such governing authority may make such advance payments of the cost of such insurance as it shall deem appropriate. B. A governing authority participating in a program of self-insurance or shared risk shall not constitute an insurance company or an insurer under the laws of this state, and the development and administration of such a program shall not constitute doing an insurance business. An agreement or contract entered into by any such governing authority providing for the creation and maintenance of self-insurance or shared risk programs shall not be deemed to constitute insurance as defined by R.S. 22:5, nor shall such a program be subject to the provisions of Chapter 1 of Title 22 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes of 1950. In resolving the issue of whether La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062 may be applied as an exemption in the instant situation, we must keep certain principles of judicial interpretation of statutes in mind. The fundamental question in all cases of statutory interpretation is legislative intent and the ascertainment of the reason or reasons that prompted the Legislature to enact the law. In re Succession of Boyter, 99-0761, p. 9 (La. 1/7/00), 756 So.2d 1122, 1128. The rules of statutory construction are designed to ascertain and enforce the intent of the Legislature. Id.; Stogner v. Stogner, 983044, p. 5 (La. 7/7/99), 739 So.2d 762, 766. Legislation is the solemn expression of legislative will, and therefore, interpretation of a law involves primarily a search for the Legislature's intent. La. Rev. Stat. § 1:4 (2004); La. Civ. Code art. 2 (2004); Lockett v. State, Dept. of Transp. and Development, 03-1767, p. 3 (La. 2/25/04), 869 So.2d 87, 90. When a law is clear and unambiguous and its application does not lead to absurd consequences, the law shall be applied as written and no further interpretation may be made in search of the intent of the Legislature. La. Civ. Code art. 9 (2004); Lockett, 03-1767 at p. 3, 869 So.2d at 90-91; Conerly v. State, 97-0871, p. 3-4 (La. 7/8/98), 714 So.2d 709, 710-11. When the language of the law is susceptible of different meanings, it must be interpreted as having the meaning that best conforms
to the purpose of the law, and the words of law must be given their generally prevailing meaning. La. Civ. Code arts. 10 and 11 (2004); Lockett, 03-1767 at p. 4, 869 So.2d at 91; Ruiz v. Oniate, 97-2412, p. 4 (La. 5/19/98), 713 So.2d 442, 444. When the words of a law are ambiguous, their meaning must be sought by examining the context in which they occur and the text of the law as a whole, and laws on the same subject matter must be interpreted in reference to each other. La. Rev. Stat. § 1:3 (2004); La. Civ. Code. arts. 12 and 13; Lockett, 03-1767 at p. 4, 869 So.2d at 91. The meaning and intent of a law is determined by considering the law in its entirety and all other laws on the same subject matter and placing a construction on the provision in question that is consistent with the express terms of the law and with the obvious intent of the Legislature in enacting it. Boyter, 99-0761 at p. 9, 756 So.2d at 1129; Stogner, 98-3044 at p. 5, 739 So.2d at 766. The statute must, therefore, be applied and interpreted in a manner, which is consistent with logic and the presumed fair purpose and intention of the Legislature in passing it. Boyter, 99-0761 at p. 9, 756 So.2d at 1129. This is because the rules of statutory construction require that the general intent and purpose of the Legislature in enacting the law must, if possible, be given effect. Id.; Backhus v. Transit Cas. Co., 549 So.2d 283, 289 (La. 1989). Courts should give effect to all parts of a statute and should not give a statute an interpretation that makes any part superfluous or meaningless, if that result can be avoided. Boyter, 99-0761 at p. 9, 756 So.2d at 1129. It is likewise presumed that the intention of the legislative branch is to achieve a consistent body of law. Stogner, 983044 at p. 5, 739 So.2d at 766. La. Civ. Code art. 13 provides, where two statutes deal with the same subject matter, they should be harmonized if possible. Kennedy v. Kennedy, 96-0732, 960741, p. 2 (La. 11/25/96), 699 So.2d 351, 358 (on rehearing). However, if there is a
conflict, the statute specifically directed to the matter at issue must prevail as an exception to the statute more general in character. Kennedy, 96-0732, 96-0741 at p. 2, 699 So.2d at 358. Under general rules of statutory construction, the latest expression of the legislative will is considered controlling and prior enactments in conflict are considered as tacitly repealed in the absence of an express repealing clause. La. Civ. Code art. 8 (2004); State v. Board of Com'rs of Caddo Levee Dist., 175 So. 678, 681 (La. 1937); Norman J. Singer, Sutherland Statutes and Statutory Construction § 23:9 (6th ed. 2002). Reading the statutes at issue in the present case in pari materia, we find the provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B) exempt the City in regard to its self-funded health plan from the penalty provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A). In 1986, the Legislature enacted the provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062 by clear and express language to provide that governing authorities participating in programs of selfinsurance "shall not constitute an insurance company or an insurer under the laws of this state," nor shall such programs "be subject to the provisions of Chapter 1 of Title 22 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes of 1950." See Acts 1986, No. 973, § 1.3 Chapter 1 of Title 22 of the Revised Statutes codifies the Louisiana Insurance Code and presently consists of La. Rev. Stats. 22:1 through 1520. The penalty provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657are obviously contained and included in this first chapter of Title 22. Moreover, La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(A) clearly defines the term "governing authority" as used in its provisions as the "governing authority of any municipality, parish, school board, or interlocal risk management agency authorized pursuant to R.S. 33:1341."
This section, enacted as La. Rev. Stat. 33:3054 by Acts 1986, No. 973, § 1, was redesignated as La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062, pursuant to the statutory revision authority of the Louisiana State Law Institute. See Historical and Statutory Notes, La. Rev. Stat. Ann. 33:3062 (West 2002). 12
Since January 1, 1978, the City has been self-insured as to health care coverage for its employees, and as a self-insured governing authority of a municipality, i.e., the City of New Orleans, the City's program of self-insurance "shall not constitute an insurance company or an insurer under the laws of this state," "nor shall such a program be subject to the provisions of Chapter 1 of Title 22 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes of 1950", including La. Rev. Stat. 22:657. Thus, we find the unambiguous language of La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B) specifically provides the City's program of self-insurance shall not be subject to the penalty provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A). On the other hand, the district court and the plaintiffs assert the language of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(C) contradicts this conclusion. The Legislature in 1979 enacted La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(C) to provide that "[a]ny person, partnership, corporation or other organization, or the State of Louisiana. . . shall be subject to the provisions of this Section, including the provisions relating to penalties and attorney's fees." See Acts 1979, No. 240, § 1. We note first off that La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(C) has not been amended or repealed since its date of enactment in 1979, therefore making La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062 the latest expression of the legislative will, which is considered controlling and prior enactments in conflict are considered as tacitly repealed in the absence of an express repealing clause. See La. Civ. Code art. 8; State v. Board of Com'rs of Caddo Levee Dist., 175 So. at 681; Singer, supra. Nevertheless, we do not find a conflict between the prior enacted provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(C) and La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B), as we do not find La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(C), and accordingly the penalty provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A), are applicable to the City's program of self-insurance.
It is a fundamental principle in the construction of statutes that the meaning of a word or phrase may be ascertained by the meaning of other words or phrases with which it is associated. B.W.S. Corp. v. Evangeline Parish Police Jury, 293 So.2d 233, 236 (La. App. 3d Cir. 1974); Board of Trustees of East Baton Rouge Mortg. Finance Authority v. All Taxpayers, 336 So.2d 306, 312 (La. App. 1 Cir. 1976). Under the ejusdem generis rule of statutory construction, general words, such as "other, etc.", following an enumeration of particular or specific classes or things are to take color from the specific, so that the general words are restricted to a sense analogous to the less general. Hall v. Rosteet, 169 So.2d 903, 907-08 (La. 1964). Thus, the general words are not to be construed in their widest extent, but are to be held as applying only to such classes of things of the same general kind as those specifically mentioned. Continental Group, Inc. v. Allison, 404 So.2d 428, 431, n. 4 (La. 1981). Moreover, the law shall be applied as written, and therefore, a court must give effect to the literal application of the language of a statute, including its grammatical construction, except in the rare case where such application will produce absurd or unreasonable results. United States v. Ron Pair Enterprises, Inc., 489 U.S. 235, 242, 109 S.Ct. 1026,1031, 103 L.Ed.2d 290 (1989); La. Civ. Code art. 9. In such manner, punctuation as well as grammatical construction in general, although never relied upon to defeat the obvious intent, may operate as an aid in the construction and interpretation of the statute. Joy v. City of St. Louis, 138 U.S. 1, 32, 11 S.Ct. 243, 251, 34 L.Ed. 843 (1891). In light of these general rules of construction and the specific wording found in La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(C)"[a]ny person, partnership, corporation or other organization, or the State of Louisiana"we can come to no other conclusion, but that a political subdivision of the State, such as the City, was not contemplated by the
Legislature to be covered by the adoption of the term "other organization." In accordance with the rule of ejusdem generis, the general phrase "other organization" should not be construed in its widest extent, but should be applied only to such classes of things of the same general kind as those specifically enumerated with which it is associated.4 Given a literal application of the conjunctions and
punctuation utilized by the Legislature in this provision, it is evident the enumerated terms with which the term "other organization" is associated are those terms preceding the first conjunction "or" in the statute"Any person, partnership, corporation or other organization." Moreover, the use of a comma and the second conjunction "or" clearly separates the first set of classes enumerated, "[a]ny person, partnership, corporation or other organization," from the second enumerated class, "the State of Louisiana." In this sense, the first two commas are clearly employed to separate the items listed in the first grammatical structural unit, "[a]ny person, partnership, corporation or other organization," whereas the third comma separates the second grammatical structural unit, the State of Louisiana, from the first grammatical structural unit. Likewise, the first "or" serves to conjoin the phrase "other organization" with the other enumerated terms within the first unit, whereas the second "or" serves to conjoin the first unit and the second unit. Clearly, the statute contains two conjoined structural units, and the rules of statutory construction dictate that the "catchall" phrase, "other organization," belonging to the first structural unit, must not be interpreted in conjunction with the enumerated term contained in the second structural unit, "the State of Louisiana."
For example, "other organization" would refer to that which is within the same class as person, partnership, or corporation, such as a limited liability company. 15
This construction is further supported by the legislative history of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(C). The original bill, House Bill No. 18 of the 1979 Regular Session, proposed the following language for Subsection C: "Any person, partnership, corporation or other organization which provides or contracts to provide health and accident benefit coverage as a self-insurer for his or its employees, stockholders, or any other persons, shall be subject to the provisions of this Section, including the provisions relating to penalties and attorney fees, without regard to whether the person or organization is a commercial insurer." See Original House Bill No. 18, Regular Session, 1979. The phrase "or the State of Louisiana" was later added to the original language of the bill and offset by a third comma at the recommendation of the House Committee on Commerce. See Minutes of Meeting of House Committee on Commerce, April 25, 1979, p. 2. Given this legislative history and the subsequent amendment of the original bill to include the State of Louisiana, it is logical to conclude the Legislature did not intend the term "other organization" to be interpreted in association with the later added term, "the State of Louisiana." Therefore, we find the Rizzuto court erred in construing the term "other organization" in this penalty provision in association with "the State of Louisiana," to find a political subdivision an organization contemplated by the Legislature to be subjected to the penalty provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A). Finally, in light of this construction of the provisions at issue, La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B) as the specific statute governing the self-insurance of municipalities, such as the City of New Orleans, prevails over the general provisions of the Insurance Code, namely La. Rev. Stat. 22:657.
CONCLUSION In conclusion, we find La. Rev. Stat. 33:3062(B) exempts the City with regard to its self-funded health care plan from the penalty provisions of La. Rev. Stat. 22:657(A). We overrule the Caraway decision to the extent it is inconsistent with the holding herein. Additionally, we find this Court is not bound by the doctrine of the law of the case in this matter and further, the court of appeal erred in its application of the doctrine. DECREE For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the judgment of the court of appeal and render declaratory judgment in favor of defendant, the City of New Orleans.
05C0979 KATHLEEN PUMPHREY v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W DARLENE RIZZUTO v. THECITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W FRED FARVE, JR. v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/WMICHAEL RICKS AND VIVIAN RICKS v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS C/W BARBARAELLIS v. THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS
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ATP Tour Finals: big three wary of threat from tennis's young contenders
Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic face tough competition in London at the end of a gruelling season
Kevin Mitchell at the O 2 Arena
Fri 8 Nov 2019 11.03 EST Last modified on Fri 8 Nov 2019 16.40 EST
(L-R) Dominic Thiem, Novak Djokovic, Matteo Berrettini, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Alexander Zverev, Daniil Medvedev and Stefanos Tsitsipas. Photograph: Clive Brunskill/Getty Images
When the eight best players in men's tennis gathered on the southern bank of the Thames on Friday, the three greatest of them – Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic – looked and sounded a little more weary than the young contenders trying to supplant them at the summit of the game. Nadal, who leapfrogged Djokovic to No 1 in the world despite pulling out of the semi-finals in Paris last week with an abdominal injury in a season of many highs and lows, is the most vulnerable.
The 33-year-old has withdrawn seven times in 15 visits to the ATP Tour Finals, the game's season-ending showcase, and has not played the event for the past three years, although he was obliged to sound upbeat about reaching the starting line against the defending champion, Alexander Zverev, on Monday night.
"I'm confident I can be competitive but in this tournament you need to be 100% ready from the beginning," he said. "I started [practising again] yesterday, very slow. For me the main goal is to be healthy for Monday."
ATP Finals move to Turin from 2021 signals the end of an era | Kevin Mitchell
Nadal denied his participation in the Davis Cup finals in Madrid the following week would influence his decision about playing in London. "No, this is such a big event," he said. "The Davis Cup is another big event. I'm doing what the doctors tell me to do. I'm trying to be ready for everything. I just try to do my calendar, to do the things that work best for me. Playing here is always very special. I'm excited to be in London. Davis Cup? We'll look at that after here."
Federer – who opens against the world No 5, Dominic Thiem, on Sunday night – also has to prioritise events in his schedule at 38, and defended his decision to withdraw "for family reasons" from the inaugural ATP Team Cup, which starts in Australia on 3 January.
ATP Tour Finals groups
Group Andre Agassi
Rafael Nadal (Sp, 1)
Daniil Medvedev (Rus, 4)
Stefanos Tsitsipas (Gre, 6)
Alexander Zverev (Ger, 7)
Group Bjorn Borg
Novak Djokovic (Ser, 2)
Roger Federer (Sui, 3)
Dominic Thiem (Aut, 5)
Matteo Berrettini (It, 8)
• Matches take place at the O2 in London (10-17 Nov)
Instead, he will play several lucrative exhibition tournaments this month in South America as well as in China before the Australian Open, followed by a non-Tour match against Nadal immediately afterwards in South Africa on 7 February.
"When we had to sign up for the ATP Cup it was shortly after Wimbledon and it was logical to play the first week [of 2020]," he said. "The South America exhibition tour was a long time in scheduling. I couldn't do it because of my knee, because of the children … it was going to be too much. South America was a priority for me. Then, when I realised Stan [Wawrinka, his Swiss teammate] wasn't going to play [in the ATP Team Cup, against Great Britain in Sydney], I decided I'd rather stay with my family and make the Australian Open a priority.
"I've got a dream match with Rafa, and have been trying to get that date for the last two years. Something had to give. That was the ATP Cup. It wasn't that level of importance for me. My decision was also connected to announcing I would play in the Olympics [in Tokyo in July]. We try to come up with a schedule for the kids. I don't think it's contradictory at all."
Alexander Zverev is competing to defend the ATP Tour final he won last year against Novak Djokovic. Photograph: John Walton/PA
Perhaps not – although those fans who were persuaded to buy tickets to see Federer play in a rare visit to Sydney in January might see it differently.
Djokovic, meanwhile, remains committed to regaining the No 1 ranking and opens the tournament on Sunday afternoon against Matteo Berrettini, the first Italian to make the finals.
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"That serves as a great motivation," said the five-times winner of this title. "We all work very hard in the longest season of all sports to qualify for the season's finale. Historically, I've played well in the indoor season."
Berrettini, eighth in the world, said: "I didn't expect to be here at the beginning of the season or even a few months ago. The US Open [where he reached the semi-finals, losing to Nadal] changed it."
Djokovic and Berrettini are in the Bjorn Borg Group with Federer and Thiem, while Nadal and Zverev compete in the Andre Agassi quartet alongside the sensationally in-form Daniil Medvedev and Stefanos Tsitsipas. The challenge for the Big Three once was to conquer each other; now it is to survive until the final weekend.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Wagstaff Piling operates a large range of bored piling rigs, including crawler and rubber tyred equipment capable of drilling up to 50 metres deep and up to 2500mm diameter.
Bored cast-in-place piles provide economical solutions as non-displacement piles for supporting substantial horizontal and vertical loads.
Where the ground to be excavated is not stable or self-supporting, the ground can be supported by temporary or permanent liners or with drilling fluids.
Wagstaff Piling offers equipment which is capable of installing large diameter segmental casing through unstable ground conditions to depths of 40 metres.
Wagstaff Piling can provide foundation solutions for the installation of permanently cased piles, of varying diameters, for a variety of structures.


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Europe Sweden Karlskrona Top 10 The Naval Museum!
Karlskronas most popular sight! Real battleships, 18th century figureheads, unique models and an underwater tunnel with a genuine wreck. Experience the Swedish naval history at the Naval Museum in Karlskrona.
For children there is activities such as Dunder's deck and the sailors' workshop.
The new submarine hall with the cold war submarine HMS Neptun, is the latest attraction at the museum.
For opening hours, check out the link below.


Saturday, September 23, 1995 our (private) adoption agency phoned: our daughter had been born – could we come to pick her up at the hospital? YES! We had planned to try to breastfeed but Kaisha was 5 lbs., a month early and having a hard time suckling. We had no notice! As an open adoption, the mom and dad chose us to parent their child.
Once home, we noticed Kaisha shivered and cried a great deal. Thinking she was cold, I bundled her tightly and kept her in a sling against my body 24 hours a day (little did I know this would be needed for 8 months). As it turned out, Kaisha was in drug withdrawal. The crying lasted up to 12 hours a day. The tremors slowly improved and the crying was about the same when, at 2 months she had a DPT shot. I had not heard of the possible side effects, but, concerned about the tremors, I asked our pediatrician if immunization was wise. He insisted. The shot was administered and immediately Kaisha started a high pitched scream. The health nurse said it was normal. It lasted 13 hours. Then she slept 8 hours – she had never slept more than 2 hours in a row prior to this.
Things got progressively worse. The crying turned to incessant high-pitched screaming – 16-18 hours per day. Diarrhea started two days after the shot and persisted 7 months. She started exhibiting spastic movements. We were referred to a neurologist. She said there was neurological damage but refused to connect it to the DPT shot – instead she said she had a pre-existing neurological condition that would have worsened on its own anyway. By this time I had learned that the package insert of the DPT shot (something neither parents nor patient see) itself stated a baby's possible neurological damage, weight less than 10 lbs. and family history of severe allergies were contraindication to vaccination (all of which Kaisha had).
The neurologist diagnosed indeterminant neurological damage, possibly cerebral palsy and/or mental retardation or delay. She told us to sedate her (at four months). Finally we rebelled, I said, "As long as I can walk this earth I'll walk our baby in the sling. You're just prescribing something to give me rest, not to help her. I don't need it." Thank God for strength and stamina – although I fell asleep in all sorts of places Kaisha never fell from the sling.
but the drugs must have affected the learning capacity, she won't talk). At 12 months speaking 25 words. At 18 months 300 words. Now, 21 months, she says 3-4 word sentences. She is a miracle child. She is our daughter. She has severe allergies, celiac disease and can only tolerate organic foods. She is inquisitive, loving, creative, her own fascinating little person.
I tell this story to promote awareness. I encourage readers to research, read, be informed. For some reason informed consent has not been applied to infants although it is a cornerstone of medical legal thought. We were not told of any risks associated with the DPT shot, nor were we told certain children should definitely not receive the shot. Needless to say Kaisha never had a second shot. Unfortunately, I know of other children who have had second and third shots who suffered irreversible damage – one of whom is involved in a lawsuit in Canada.
Our story has a happy ending. Kaisha is thriving. She's outside collecting raspberries from our organic garden right now as her new brother, Joshua born to us March 15, 1997, nurses contentedly.


The AmaXIng Challenge is Alpha Xi Delta's signature fundraising event designed to raise funds and awareness for Autism Speaks. Our chapter will host one of the following events benefiting Autism Speaks each semester.
Every fall, our chapter hosts Xiti with the Xis to raise money and awareness for Autism Spectrum Disorders while bringing the TCNJ and local community together for an evening of all you can eat baked ziti, salad, and desserts. We look forward to seeing you at our upcoming event this fall!
Every spring, our chapter hosts an AmaXing Challenge. We currently host Kicks for a Cause, a soccer tournament that brings various TCNJ organizations together to advocate and raise awareness for Autism Spectrum Disorders. We look forward to seeing you at our upcoming event this spring!


[KR] 안녕하세요. 어반브러시의 Master Creator Tommy입니다. 아래 이미지는 쌍쌍바 일러스트 ai 파일 샘플입니다. 오랫동안 대한민국 국민들에게 사랑받았던 옛날 아이스크림인 쌍쌍바입니다. 디테일하게 디자인되어 실감나는 모양의 쌍쌍바 일러스트 이미지입니다. 아이스크림 전문점이 아닌 슈퍼마켓이나 마트 등에서 판매되는 아이스크림을 표현할 때 사용하기 적합합니다. 백터파일을 다운받아 쌍쌍바 또는 아이스크림과 관련된 디자인물에 활용해보세요.
[EN] Hi. Urban Brush's Master Creator Tommy. The image below is a sample of a pair of illustrations ai file. It is an old ice cream which was loved by the Korean people for a long time. It is designed to illustrate a pair of images of a pair of realistic shape. Download the vector file and use it for the design related to the pair or the ice cream.


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Follow @hopesandfearshq
Ana Bezanilla
Listen to a star's oscillations transformed into music
Burak Ulaş of the Izmir Turk College Planetarium in Turkey has created a duet between a piano player and a star called Y Cam A in the far reaches of our galaxy.
This is not the first time that we've heard stars sing. In 2014, the Rosetta comet was captured singing in the form of oscillations.
Ulaş created the composition by first delineating three categories, in the form of "three dimensionless transformation parameters (relative frequency, loudness, and starting time values) in order to generate a musical chord from the stellar oscillations."
He then used the free music software Audacity to transform the star's waves into audible sounds and combined this with a recorded piano segment using Goldwave, a digital audio editor.
Image: Burak Ulaş
Ulaş noticed that the star's oscillations function similarly to the way chords function in music. The lights emanating from a star can indicate "a wave containing many sine like variations with certain frequencies and amplitudes."
Ulaş hopes to continue to develop his compositions and plans to record a larger variety of instruments to create a more orchestral sound combined with star frequencies.
Facts about star vibrations:
The vibrations picked up from stars are caused by a phenomenon called "starquakes," which are seismic waves rippling through a star, causing it to emit light.
In 2004, a starquake released more energy than the sun emits in 150,000 years in just a tenth of a second.
Cover image: Wikimedia Commons


Home » About Me » 2015!
Happy 2015! It is a new year and now that the holidays are over, I am ready to go boldly into this calendar year.
Looking back at 2014, there were lots of good things. Jeff and I started the year in Japan – which was an amazing and inspirational trip. We 'finished' dog training classes with Koko. And, our backyard underwent several landscaping changes – a project that has been long over-due but is still a work in progress. And, of course, there were lots of trips to visit friends and family and opportunities to host several house guests, too!
I also made some changes in my day-job by expanding my position. Although it has proven to be a good thing, it impacted my studio time and how I work with ABOC. As a consequence, I decided to take a break from teaching adult pottery classes in order to reclaim some studio time. It was a appropriate decision but I confess that I still miss the weekly inspiration that teaching brought me. My new schedule also affected ABOC because I get off work later. Since Julie retired, she has more time in the day and is less inclined to work in the evenings. So, we worked independently during the week and collaboratively on Fridays and Saturdays. We were very productive and managed to have a successful year.
So what is in store for 2015? Well, two of the highest priorities is to freshen up our website and re-activate my blog.
Japanese tea bowls for sale.
Here is the thing, when time is limited (and it always is), I choose to do other things instead of website work. But, in today's culture, a cyber-presence is essential. Although, we don't sell items on the our site with a shopping cart (and I am not planning to do that), many people purchase our pots as gifts. A website gives the recipients of those pots an opportunity to 'meet us'. Also, we have many loyal clients who frequently purchase from us. A website with a relevant gallery gives them an opportunity to see more work than what we are able to display at a show or in a store. So all this means, I need to take and edit a lot of photos. I may even update the layout – but for now, the gallery is the priority.
Re-activating the blog is mostly for me. Teaching pottery classes forced me to continually look for ideas to share and incorporate in the studio. Since I am not planning to go back into teaching at this time (although I will when the right opportunity arises), the blog offers a good outlet for me to teach some and offers enough structure to cause me to be more attentive to considering and developing new ideas.
Those aren't my only objectives for 2015. I have many studio ideas that I am excited to try out. But, the business side of pot making needs some attention early in the year (like now when it is cold and I am less inclined to work after dark).
So, whatever your New's Goals or Resolutions are, I hope 2015 is a success.


Dave Broom has gathered the grains for the latest new whisky tasting notes instalment, jumping in nose-first with a 33-year-old Caledonian akin to an alcoholic perfume. Next in line is David Beckham's Haig Club Clubman, but be careful not to add too much water while tasting, or you'll have a whole different ball game on your hands... Scroll down further and you'll find a 42-year-old Invergordon from That Boutique-y Whisky Company, a 'rock-solid' 19-year-old Loch Lomond and a Tia Maria-like North British 21-year-old. Rounding off the collection is a 27-year-old Port Dundas bottling that comes highly recommended for sipping with your gran.
Surprisingly fresh (and a little hot, to be accurate) and scented for such an old grain (and, come to think of it, Caledonian), with candy floss, grapefruit, bergamot, lavender and a hint of vetiver – like an alcoholic Dior Eau Sauvage*. In time, a little honey. Lightens and becomes slightly starchier with water.
* Do not try to drink the perfume.
A gentle, slow start, with a touch more toffee-like sweetness, balanced by the citrus and herbal elements. The mid-palate is pretty thick and mature, which helps to anchor these more flighty elements.
Oddfellows (the sweets, not the quasi-Masonic brotherhood).
Slightly different from some of the sweeter Callys which have come out recently, but very good.
Dressed to impress on a first date at the end of the pier.
A light and initially quite steely nose that brings to mind hot metal in metalwork class, but that's soon replaced by Crunchie bar sweetness, albeit with a green tang around the fringes. Light, almost medicinal in the sterile sense, then some white mushroom. With water, there's some vanilla, but things also tighten.
Light again, and quite simple to start. Custard over steamed pudding shows that the cask element is adding some creamier depth, while there is sufficient sweetness from the spirit to plump up the mid-palate, but that's all relative. This remains fairly fragile and low in complexity. Water does spread the flavours well.
A useful grain; mixable, shootable but don't over-dilute – which is worrying as it's meant to go with cola. I'm also slightly confused, as the Haig Clubman is a cocktail made with Haig Club, apple juice and ginger bitters. Will I now have to ask for a Haig Club Clubman Clubman (or Clubman squared?). Will a small bottle be a mini Clubman? Answers on a postcard.
Overhearing a conversation about blue steel in a pub in Leven. There is considerable confusion.
A typically cask-driven Invergordon, with rummy elements: banana, powdered ginger and dried guava, sitting alongside a brittle distillate. In time you get melting Maltesers. It softens with water, with the fruits becoming juicier, but there's always this rigidity in the background.
Light, slightly oily and resinous. The quality of the cask adds a certain generosity, but the spirit isn't playing ball. Water adds a different texture – akin to the bounciness of Wine Gums.
It's all front and middle, and for all the ministrations of the cask there's an industrial edge to this. Saved by the wood.
Eating a packet of sweets in an old taxi in Barbados.
Not as sweet as the North British (see below), with more red fruit notes, dried berries, sealing wax, cherry/almond and a controlled Sherried element, which adds walnut, oxidised fruits, black butter and an aroma akin to aged Gouda.
Lightly aromatic, with oak and then some heat. Nuts as well, while always retaining the savoury element which saves things from getting too flabby. Eases into cherry brandy and marzipan.
Good to see Loch Lomond, and a rock-solid grain with the Sherried element balanced (just).
Why finish a grain? Well, if it enhances some aspects of the distillery character, why not? What you don't want to do is obliterate them. Ah… this is cask dominant: a massive coffee character, roasting beans, a slight fungal element, maybe treacle and certainly sweet. There's no indication that this is a whisky never mind a grain. I'd say it's more Tia Maria than North British.
Thick, and manages to be both sweet and slightly bitter at the same time with touches of mouldy (cheap) chocolate, then cream Sherry.
In all honesty, it's a bit of a mess. There's cask, there's tannin, there's Sherry, there's sweetness and there's a liquid.
An espresso machine in an old cinema. On screen: The Blob.
Rounded and soft, with a fulsome mix of thick toffee, fig rolls, bourbon creams, pomegranate molasses and hefty nutmeg. In other words, plenty of Port Dundas' weight. In time, you pick up some light cereal, but there's always this substance. With water, there's cream and fruit compôte, with some spice. Has some complexity.
A quite fine-boned entry, but then it has excellent layering: honey nut cornflakes, lightly creamy, spicy, then crystallised angelica stem and Seville orange peel. Water brings out more of a fragrant element. Really, very good.
Generous, balanced and complex. Recommended.
Afternoon tea at your granny's.
Batch 60 09/09/2016 Explore the Highlands with these new whiskies from Ardmore, Glen Garioch, Glen Ord and Tomatin.
Batch 58 26/08/2016 A peaty pile-up this week with the latest Elements of Islay bottlings, Bowmore and Johnnie Walker.


Commonly found at a variety of habitats including forested wetlands. They are a small, pretty dragonfly with a red thorax and abdomen, yellowish legs, and clear wings. They are usually the last dragonfly seen each year with a flight season that begins in July and which can extend to mid-November if there aren't heavy frosts.
This bog specialist is North America's smallest dragonfly. Individuals are only ¾ of an inch long and are easily overlooked. They are so tiny that they can be harassed and forced to flee by even small damselflies. They fly from mid-June to the early August.
Found in alder and shrub thickets adjacent to slow streams through bogs and marshes. The Kennedy's emerald is one of the striped emeralds of the genus Somatochlora. This genus is made up of the some of the rarest dragonflies found in Wisconsin. Like other members of the genus, Kennedy's emerald dragonflies are a dark chocolate brown and mature males have beautiful, emerald-green eyes.
Found in fens with abundant submerged sphagnum. Until 1998, they were only known from a few wetlands in New England. Then they were discovered in fens in central Wisconsin and later in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. They are amongst the earliest of Wisconsin resident dragonflies to emerge and typically start flying in mid-May.
Found in sedge meadows and other wetlands. The sedge sprite is one of Wisconsin's smallest damselflies and is a beautiful metallic, emerald green. The male has distinctive blue markings on the tip of the abdomen. They often fly low in vegetation.
Commonly found at ponds, lakes, and marshes. This is one of the most distinctive dragonflies found in Wisconsin with three black spots on each wing (mature males have white spots on the wings as well). When not patrolling, the males land on conspicuous perches near open water and will often return to the same perch if flushed.


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Residential treatment center for troubled girls in Crestview, Florida — Providence Pass. – residential schools for boys and therapeutic residential schools.
Home » Residential Treatment Centers for Girls in Crestview, Florida
Residential Treatment Centers for Girls in Crestview, Florida
Searching for a Residential Treatment Center in Crestview, Florida for Your Troubled Girl ?
What sets Providence Pass apart from other residential treatment centers near Crestview, Florida?
Firstly, Providence Pass is a Christian program which seamlessly blends therapy with Christian principles. In most residential treatment centers that may be nearer to Crestview, Florida, you'll find that your daughter will only receive one or the other, but we have found that troubled girls need both. If your daughter is battling depression, anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder or any of the many troubles facing teenage girls, she may be in need of professional counseling. That's why Providence Pass employs skilled and experienced staff who know how to help girls like your daughter.
Therapy alone isn't enough, however. Maybe you have tried taking your daughter to counselors on your own, but nothing seems to change, so why keep trying? What we do at Providence Pass is surround girls in a therapeutic atmosphere, just not sessions. In this environment, everything around her, from staff to peers, is set up to encourage her growth. Still, the spiritual element remains most important. The whole program at Providence Pass points girls towards a living, practical faith in Christ. What happens often for troubled girls is that they are able to camouflage themselves without truly changing how they think and feel. But when a girl is surrounded by living examples of Christ's love and becomes able to embrace that herself, she changes the way she feels inside and the way she sees the world. This is how Providence Pass can create an enduring change in your daughter.
Troubled girls in Crestview, Florida are gifted at trying to protect what's going on in their life.
The teenage years are difficult for any parent. Your daughter is most likely trying to assert her independence and separate herself from the rules of your home. This can be normal and even healthy, but sometimes this ordinary teenage rebelliousness can go too far. When that happens, it leads to disorders which are in need of professional attention, the kind you'll find in residential treatment centers like Providence Pass.
The first things to be aware of are changes in behavior which have come about rapidly or dramatically. For example, has your daughter recently cut ties with girls she's been friends with for a long time and picked up a new friend circle? Has her sleep pattern changed dramatically, either too much or too little? Is she lying constantly? These are often the giveaway signs that something is really going with your daughter, and a place like Providence Pass has the answers. When girls are able to remove themselves from their troubles in Crestview, Florida and immerse themselves in a loving program like Providence Pass, they gain a real opportunity to make changes and overcome their struggles.
A big worry that we hear from parents is that their daughter's troubles is destroying her future.
Academics are a vital part of a child's life. It is the training ground for life, it is their first experience in a bustling social setting and it can decide which opportunities are available to them in life. With good reason, you may be worried about your once capable and studious daughter who is throwing her future out the window and seemingly not caring!
At Providence Pass, we offer a fully-accredited academic program. Your daughter will receive a level of personalized care that doesn't exist in traditional school settings. We'll let your daughter work at her own pace and provide her with all the access to one-on-one assistance and tutoring that she needs. Repeatedly, we have found that these girls can perform as well as their peers if they are just set up with the right atmosphere and attention to get them back on track and that is what we offer to your daughter. She can recover lost credits and get back on track to a successful life.
Providence Pass is a caring Christian residential treatment center for girls in Crestview, Florida. We're located near Orlando, but we help girls from across Florida. If you're looking at residential treatment centers near Crestview, Florida, please give us a call at (866) 738-2785.
More about residential treatment center for girls in Crestview, Florida:
Crestview is a city in Okaloosa County, Florida, United States. Crestviews name was chosen because of its location on the peak of a long woodland range between the Yellow and Shoal rivers which flow almost parallel on the east and west side of the City.
It is the county seat of Okaloosa County.GR With an elevation of Convert above sea level, it is one of the highest points in the state; it receives Convert of rainfall annually, the second-most of any city in the state of Florida, next to Fort Walton Beach with 69 inches. The town was once known as "the icebox of Florida", due to it having the coldest winters in the state. Today it goes by a more popular nickname as the "Hub City" of Northwest Florida. According to the U.S Census estimates of 2010, the city had a population of 18,987. Crestview is one of Florida's fastest growing cities, residential developments, shopping, and land area to grow. It has, as of July 2007, become the largest city in Okaloosa County. In 2007, George Whitehurst, who had been mayor for nearly 20 years, resigned, leading to the election of David Cadle. Cadle had recently retired as the long-time director of the Crestview High School band, The Big Red Machine.
As part of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure round, Crestview will experience further population growth as the U.S. Army's 7th Special Forces Group relocates from Fort Bragg, North Carolina to a newly built cantonment facility on the northern end of the Eglin Air Force Base reservation, approximately six miles south of the city.
Crestview is a principal city of the Fort Walton Beach-Crestview-Destin Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Excerpt about residential treatment center for girls in Crestview, Florida, used with permission from Wikipedia.
Should you need help finding teen counseling services, school for troubled teens, alternative schools or boarding schools, please let us know. Providence Pass is a therapeutic boarding school for troubled teenage girls offering teen counseling for girls with adoption issues (reactive attachment disorders), self-harm (self-mutilation) or cutting, or eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, anorexia nervosa). Other behavioral issues we deal with include: depression, post traumatic stress and anxiety. If you have an out of control girl, please consider this school for troubled girls that offers teen counseling and teen counselors for troubled girls. We offer counseling for troubled teens and out of control teens. We especially work with RAD girls and troubled girls who are adopted. Homes for troubled teens and boarding schools for teens don't typically offer teen counseling and therapy, but we do. Among the best therapeutic schools with counseling – also referred to as "schools for troubled teens".
Residential treatment center for troubled girls in Crestview, Florida — Providence Pass.


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Office of Consumer Counsel ›
About the OCC ›
Utility Consumers' Board
The OCC has a statutorily created eleven-member Utility Consumers' Board (UCB). In accordance with recent legislation, seven of the members are appointed by the Governor of which at least one member of the seven appointments will be actively engaged in agriculture as a business, and at least two members of the seven appointments will be owners of small business with 100 or fewer employees. For the Governor's appointments, each of the seven Congressional districts in the state shall be represented, and no more than four Board members can be affiliated with the same political party.
For the four remaining seats, the President of the Senate, Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Minority Leader of the Senate, and the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives shall each appoint one member.
Utility Consumers' Board Members:
Name City Term Expires
Sanders "Skip" Arnold Representing Expertise in Low Income Energy Boulder 7/1/2020
Kelly Crandall Representing Expertise in Energy Denver 7/1/2022
Lisa Dator Hough Representing Expertise in Energy Westiminster 7/1/2019
Mary Sue Liss Representing Agriculture Peyton 7/1/2019
Gwen Farnsworth Appointee of Speaker of the House of Representatives Boulder 7/1/2023
Dean Sheldon McCall Representing Small Business Montrose 7/1/2022
Andrew McElhany Appointee of the Minority Leader of House of Representatives Colorado Springs 7/1/2019
Amy Oliver Cooke Appointee of the Minority Leader of the Senate Greeley 7/1/2023
Bill Steele Representing Small Business/Expertise in Energy Highlands Ranch 7/1/2019
James Greenwood Appointee of the President of the Senate Colorado Springs 7/1/2023
The Board's core responsibilities include:
Represent the public interest of Colorado utility users and specifically the interests of residential, agricultural, and small business users by providing general policy guidance and oversight to the OCC and its director:
General policy guidance re: rate cases, rulemaking proceedings, legislative projects, general activities, and priorities of the office;
Gather data and information and formulate policy positions to advise the OCC in preparing analysis and testimony on legislation;
Confer with the executive director of the Department of Regulatory Agencies (DORA) on the hiring of the OCC director and consulting with DORA's executive director on the annual performance evaluation of OCC and its director.
It is the duty of the Attorney General to advise OCC and Board on all legal matters and to provide representation in proceedings in which the OCC participates.
The Board is required by statute to meet at least six times each year.
Past and Current Meeting Agendas and Minutes
Office of Consumer Counsel


This medication is used to treat minor skin infections (such as impetigo, folliculitis) or minor infections related to some skin conditions (such as eczema, psoriasis, minor burns/cuts/wounds). Gentamicin works by stopping the growth of certain bacteria. It belongs to a class of drugs known as aminoglycoside antibiotics. This antibiotic only treats bacterial infections. It will not work for virus or fungus infections. Unnecessary use or overuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.


Break up the ground beef into a large bowl and sprinkle with the Cajun/Creole seasoning, garlic powder, onion powder, and ground mustard. Mix well, but don't over-work it.
In a separate bowl, pour the milk over the breadcrumbs and stir to make a paste. Add the egg to this mixture and blend well.
Add the milk/breadcrumb/egg mixture to the ground beef and blend well.(Be careful not to overwork it, which can make the finished product tough.) Divide the meat mixture into 6 equal amounts and form them into patties.
If excess grease has accumulated in the pan, drain away all but about a tablespoon of the grease. In the same pan, over medium heat, sauté the sliced onions and mushrooms for about 6 minutes.
Combine the beef stock and corn starch (stirring well so that all the corn starch dissolves) and add it to the pan along with the water and sliced green onions. Bring to a boil, add the hamburger steaks (and any juices that accumulated on the plate) back to the pan, cover, and reduce the heat to a slow simmer. Continue cooking for about about 15 minutes to allow steaks to cook through and gravy to thicken.
Serve over mashed potatoes or homemade french fries.


PUBLIC LAW 103-337—OCT. 5, 1994 108 STAT. 3089 expenses to carry out a hazardous materials management and hazardous materials emergency response training program at Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Richland, Washington. (b) REQUIREMENT OF CONCEPTUAL DESIGN. —None of the funds authorized to be appropriated under section 3102(c) for project 95-E -600 may be obligated or expended until the Secretary of Energy completes a conceptual design for the project. SEC. 3141. INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR APPLIED RESEARCH. (a) ESTABLISHMENT. —(1) The Secretary of Energy shall establish an International Center for Applied Research at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. The purpose of the Center is to promote the following activities: (A) The application in the United States of hydrogen technology research derived from tritium production. (B) The development of beneficial uses of nuclear materials. (C) The research and development of innovative methods for the treatment and disposal of nuclear waste. (D) The development of specifications for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities and the disposition of nuclear materials. (E) The research and development of any technologies that the Secretary considers appropriate and that are likely to be commercialized. (2) The Secretary shall enter into an arrangement to provide Contracts, for the location of the Center at a suitable facility at, or adjacent to, the Savannah River Site. (3) The Secretary shall, using competitive procedures, select a nonprofit entity or a group of nonprofit entities to operate the Center. The Center shall promote activities under paragraph (1) in a manner that accomplishes regional development tlu-ough applied science and technology. (b) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.— Of amounts authorized to be appropriated in section 3101(c), $12,000,000 shall be available to establish the Center referred to in subsection (a). Subtitle D—Other Matters SEC. 3151. ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES FOR DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY FUNDS. (a) IN GENERAL.— The Secretary of Energy shall prescribe procedures to account for the use of funds for the performance of the programs and activities of the Department of Energy for which funds are appropriated pursuant to this title for national security programs of the Department of Energy. The procedures shall provide for such accounting for fiscal years beginning after fiscal year 1996. (b) COVERED MATTERS. —The Secretary shall prescribe procedures under subsection (a)— (1) to account for the funds appropriated to the Department pursuant to this title for national security programs and activities of the Department that are not used for the purpose for which such funds were appropriated; and (2) to provide an accounting for all encumbered funds, unencumbered funds, unobligated funds, costed funds, and uncosted obligations of the national security programs of the Department in that fiscal year.


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Over the past three years, the company, through its motorsport division and associated Volkswagen Advanced Driving Academy, has successfully unearthed raw driving talent through an innovative talent-search programme. For 2019, Volkswagen is pleased to announce that they have expanded even more through the establishment of a dedicated Volkswagen Motorsport Academy.
The Academy will run a number of courses throughout 2019 that will be commercially available to the broader and upcoming motorsport communities. As a bonus, participants in all the courses will also stand a chance to be selected for a final shootout in November where the winner could end up with a chance to join to the official Volkswagen factory team.


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Lottery player wins $60M jackpot after picking same numbers for 30 years
By Michelle Ewing, Cox Media Group National Content Desk
A lucky Canadian lottery player who said he has picked the same numbers for three decades is now a multimillionaire.
Explore>> Read more trending news
For more than 30 years, Bon Truong played the same lottery numbers — and for nearly a year, the Edmonton landscaper sat on a $60M secret. https://t.co/LLQeeL3gLC #TheMoment pic.twitter.com/8FbT11Tic2
— CBC News: The National (@CBCTheNational) August 29, 2019
According to CTV, Bon Truong of Edmonton, Alberta, came forward this week to claim his $60 million prize (about $45 million U.S.) about 10 months after his longtime numbers – 2-3-4-8-9-20-30 with bonus ball 45 – hit the Lotto Max jackpot on Oct. 26.
Truong told the Western Canada Lottery Corp. that he learned of his win the next morning.
"I went to the store and asked the clerk to print off the winning numbers – just to be sure," he said in a WCLC news release. "I took the printout home and stared at the numbers and my ticket for hours that day. I could not believe it!"
>> Need something to lift your spirits? Read more uplifting news
Truong, who initially was overwhelmed, said he needed some time to ensure that he and his family "were all ready and prepared" for the changes in store, according to the release. Now, he plans to "pay off everything," buy a new house and save for his family's future, he said.
"After those big, main things, I'd like to take my family on a holiday," Truong told the WCLC. "I'm not sure where just yet; I think we'll try to go everywhere!"
Read more here or here.
Michelle Ewing, Cox Media Group National Content Desk


Having read a number of comments on other forums about spacing rules on campsites, including a recent letter in a Motorhome magazine asking advice on the 6m rule, Let me, as a recently retired senior fire officer, add my comments to the debate.
The 6m spacing rule only applies to parkhomes, these are defined as wooden type buildings, and this figure comes from tests carried out by the BRE and included in the model standards. For metal clad "Holiday Caravans" (As the BRE paper describes caravans on parkhomes) then the distance should be 5, This is reflected in the model standards, which are quite clear in that they should only apply to Park Homes.
Since October 2006 the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order came into force and requires most people in charge of premises, to carry out a risk assessment and as part of that assessment to consider the risk of fire spread, hence the need to consider spacing between units.
However, everybody seems to have grasped that 6m is the required standard without realising where this has comes from or what it applies to. Even in the HM Government guide it talks about preventing fire spread between caravans and then gives the example 6m for parkhomes.


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More Buyout Firms Raise Capital To Enter China –
Talk to the average U.S. or European private equity firm doing business in China, and you're likely to hear complaints about government obstacles, the country's weak legal system and the challenges of obtaining financial information-all of which have prevented investment in China from establishing any kind of consistent pace. But in an increasing number of cases, those concerns are ultimately drowned out by a common refrain: The potential in China is simply too great to ignore, no matter what level of aggravation.
Over the past several months, many global private equity firms have made logistical moves or have raised substantial Asia-focused funds that include China-dedicated capital to better position themselves within the Great Wall. Bain Capital, for instance, recently hired Jing Huang away from SAIF Ventures to head up its newly formed Bain Capital China, while Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. announced plans last month to open two offices in Asia, one of which will be located in Hong Kong.
On the fundraising front, earlier this year, U.K.-based CVC Capital Partners Ltd. closed the largest-ever Asia-dedicated buyout fund, CVC Capital Partners Asia Pacific II, with $1.975 billion in limited partner commitments. That move was followed in September by Hong Kong-based CCMP Capital Asia (f.k.a. JPMorgan Partners Asia), which held a $1.575 billion close on Asia Opportunity Fund II, the world's second-largest Asia-focused buyout fund. Both investment vehicles include China in their list of target regions.
While the fundraising flurry clearly has a gold rush feel to it, market pros stress that private equity firms are starting to make real gains in China, and some of the historical obstacles are gradually improving. "The vague specter of large potential-but unproven-gains to be had from investments in China has been displaced with a very solid track record of real results," says Thomas Britt III, a Hong Kong-based partner at Debevoise & Plimpton LLP. "Those real results have come about, in part, because of a significantly greater degree of legal predictability and certainty in China investments today than had previously been the case."
And as China's legal structure slowly congeals, some Western private equity pros are looking for a greater opportunity to penetrate China's domestic market (more than 1.3 billion people strong) as opposed to investing solely in the manufacture of exports, which, to date, has made up the majority of foreign-led PE investing in the region.
One eye-catching industry is China's domestic automotive market, says Leland Lewis, a partner at Key Principal Partners LLC. "The penetration of automotive [in China] is tiny compared to total population," he said. "There are 1.3 billion people living in China and last year they only sold about 4 million cars [nationally]-and that's actually a huge jump up from a few years ago, whereas in the U.S., there are 300 million people, and we sold 16 million cars last year."
Other domestic industries in China that buyout pros have become mindful of include the Internet and value added telecommunications service providers, Britt says.
However, none of this is meant to negate the fact that China is still considered the Wild West of the East by U.S. and European buyout pros. As Western business attempts to acquaint itself with its Far Eastern counterparts (and visa versa), time proves to be as important an investment as capital. Take, for example, The Carlyle Group's $300 million deal for control of Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group. The transaction, which has been in the works for at least 20 months, and will grant the Washington, D.C.-based buyout shop an 85% stake in China's chief manufacturer of construction equipment, is only now rumored to be nearing a close.
"The laws there still tend to be rather gray versus the black and white we're used to, and there are always questions of whether the laws will be enforced," says Lewis. "So you always have to work a little differently on that front because China is certainly host still host to many risks," that have burned investors in the past.
So while at least part of the rationale for high levels of confidence in the region is the appealing track record of successful exits-such as Baring Private Equity Partners Asia's NASDAQ listing of Chinese Internet company Netease, which has achieved a market capitalization of over $1 billion and an IRR of north of 70%, and its sale of short messaging services company Newpalm at an IRR of 45%-there remains a healthy note of caution in the region.
"The simple fact of the matter is that many people have lost a lot of money investing in China," Britt says, "so one cannot be entirely sanguine about what can go wrong with an investment in the wrong company, or with the wrong management team, or in an industry where the market has turned away."
So what's next in terms of China's foreign-led PE saga? "I think the next interesting chapter in the story of U.S. and Europe private equity investing in China will be LBOs and MBOs-acquisitions where the cash-flows from the acquired businesses are used to service debt incurred to fund the acquisition," Britt says. "When the legal structures refine themselves to facilitate this type of acquisition financing, I think it will be a very exciting time for numerous private equity firms looking at China, particularly those looking for larger, multibillion-dollar deals."


has been a member since Feb 2007 and goes by juliebear.
I spent 28 years in corporate America. Now I want to explore my artistic side. I received a digital camera for Christmas and intend to use it outside when the wheather warms up a little. Right now we're in the middle of a cold snap.
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John Paul Getty III (/ ˈ ɡ ɛ t i /; November 4, 1956 – February 5, 2011), was the grandson of American oil tycoon J. Paul Getty, who was once the richest man in the world. While living in Rome in 1973, he was kidnapped by the 'Ndrangheta , and held for a $17 million ransom.
Kidnapping. At 7:30 p.m. on March 1st, 1932, the baby's father Charles Lindbergh realized his son was missing from the crib. The nurse, Betty Gow, also found that the baby was not with his mother, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, who had just come out of the bathtub.Gow then alerted Charles Lindbergh, who immediately went to the child's room, where he found the kidnapper's ransom note in an envelope on ...
Nov 19, 2015 · How long does it take to overcome the trauma of being kidnapped and buried alive?
Surviving Kidnapping Kidnapping is rampant in many parts of the world -- in fact it is a thriving business in many countries. The U.S. Government provides tips on what you should do when things go bad.
The storied Getty family has been through a lot, with patriarch J. Paul becoming the richest man in the world, his grandson kidnapped and mutilated by Italian gangsters, and eventually becoming ...
Mar 08, 2014 · When he saw three masked gunmen running toward him and his friend during a September fishing trip just outside Monterrey, Mexico, Shane Andersen knew exactly what was happening.
Keep reading to learn more about the staggering statistics of missing children and kidnapping. The Staggering Statistics. How many kids are kidnapped each year? There are approximately 1,435 kidnappings each year. This number is an estimate, however, as not every case gets reported, especially as it pertains to family member abductions.
Feb 07, 2017 · A woman's story of survival is truly inspiring after she was abducted and tortured by a notorious serial killer. Jennifer Asbenson was 19 when she was abducted by Andrew Urdiales. 24 years later,...
May 08, 2013 · Here are the stories of five other kidnapping victims that, like the Cleveland women, suffered through unspeakable horrors during their captivity, but were fortunate in that they also survived ...
Jul 02, 2015 · This is Epic How to Escape a Kidnapping! This show is only for entertainment purposes... If you rely on the information portrayed in this video, you do so at your own risk and you assume the ...
Archaeologists survive kidnapping. A LEADING Mayan specialist, who nearly lost his life while on an archaeological dig, has found out the hard way that cultural sensitivity and diligent preparation can only go so far.
Jun 13, 2014 · Michael John Devlin is a convicted American child molester currently serving 74 life sentences. He is known for his confessed kidnapping of two boys, Shawn Hornbeck and Ben Ownby. On January 12, 2007, Devlin was taken into custody and charged with the abduction four days earlier of 13-year-old William "Ben" Ownby,...
Aug 16, 2019 · Ed Smart, whose daughter Elizabeth Smart was abducted in 2002, has announced that he is gay but says he is not leaving the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
How Do We Survive When Kidnapping Is The New Occupation? Buhari Ask Nigerians "So our youths, our children have turned to a new industry which is causing fear in the heart of all of us, namely ...
How to Survive a Kidnapping Stanley Alpert. Stanley Alpert is a former federal prosecutor and the author of "The Birthday Party," a memoir about how he survived being kidnapped on his 38th ...
Abduction,Captivity,Escape True-Stories ... My Story of Surviving, Escaping, and Transcending Abduction Into Prostitution by. ... Fusako Sano, Fritzl Case, Linz Sisters, Lydia Gouardo, Genie (Feral Child), Katie Beers Kidnapping, Sheffield Incest Case by. Hephaestus Books. it was amazing 5.00 avg rating — 1 rating. score: ...
"So our youths, our children have turned to a new industry which is causing fear in the heart of all of us, namely kidnapping, abduction and all kinds of crimes including rustling of cattle. How long can we endure as a country in this circumstances? How can we survive when kidnapping is a new occupation and a business?
The 1976 Chowchilla kidnapping was the abduction of a school bus driver and 26 children, ages 5 to 14, in Chowchilla, California on July 15, 1976. The three kidnappers imprisoned their victims in a buried box truck within a quarry in Livermore, California, intending to demand a ransom for their return.After about 16 hours underground, the driver and children were able to dig themselves out and ...
Bledi tricked Sophie into travelling to Italy, where he forced her to sell her body to help him pay off a debt. When Sophie Hayes met Bledi she knew he'd change her life – but she had no idea how much. At first, it was a typical whirlwind romance. But one day Bledi told her that love always comes at a price ...
Jun 18, 2014 · One kidnapping, one armed criminal action, and seventeen counts of forcible sodomy on Ben Ownby, with the remaining sixty-two charges of armed criminal action, kidnapping, forcible sodomy, production of child pornography, transporting a minor across state lines to engage in sexual activity, and attempted murder relating to Shawn Hornbeck.
Apr 30, 2018 · It depends on a number of factors including: * Where you are in the world. Is it a country where kidnap for ransom is common? Is there a "kidnapping industry"?
Kamiyah Mobley was kidnapped on July 10, 1998, only eight hours after she was born. She was raised by her abductor, Gloria Williams, who had two other children from her marriage with Wernoskie Williams. The exact details of the heinous crime were found out in January 2017, just after the 19-year-old ...
Mar 23, 2013 · A stranger had burst into her home in November 2010 and stabbed to death Sarah's mother, her 11-year-old brother and a family friend, then kidnapped Maynard and kept her for four days as his prisoner and the victim of his sexual assaults. And yet, through it all, the courageous young girl never gave up hope that she would be rescued.
want will happen to you when your KIDNAPPED!!!!! You lay in bed next to him then he gets up and says he must go and think about what hes going to do with you and goes out the door locking it as he closes it
Jun 21, 2014 · If the victim manages to survive the ordeal, there is anticipation about whether the perpetrators will be brought to justice. However, the anticipation suddenly turns to anger if it is discovered that there was no actual kidnapping and the entire incident was nothing more than an elaborate hoax.
Failed kidnapping attempt: Preparing one's Children to Defend Themselves Hi Ferfal, This last Saturday, my nine year old daughter decided to go for a run around the neighborhood.
Joseph Capone tells "GMA" how he attempted to escape after being put in the backseat of a car alongside fellow actor Daisy McCrackin and held hostage for at least 30 hours.
would you survive being kidnapped? 2 Comments. have you ever wondered if you would survive being kidnapped! do you think you could escape and live to tell your friends! well take this quiz to find out.
J. Paul Getty III, who was a grandson of the oil baron once believed to be the richest man in the world and who achieved tragic notoriety in 1973 when he was kidnapped by Italian gangsters, died ...
A woman's story of survival is truly inspiring after she was abducted and tortured by a notorious serial killer. Jennifer Asbenson was 19 when she was abducted by Andrew Urdiales. 24 years later ...
Jan 21, 2020 · An IRGC leader in Iran said all the Islamic Republic needs to do to raise money is capture U.S. hostages. Thanks to Obama's Iran Deal, these thugs see kidnapping Americans as a money-making scheme.
The most recent estimate suggests that there was a revolt on one in every ten voyages across the Atlantic. To prevent their captives from starving themselves, slavers sometimes smashed out their teeth and fed them by force. Some captains actually cut off the arms and legs of a few kidnapped Africans.
Most children who go missing, if they've been kidnapped by a predator, don't come back at all if they aren't found in the first 24 hours. ... I did everything I had to to survive, and I don't ...
Officers recall 'mind-blowing' moment they found Cleveland kidnapping survivors after decade of torture Michelle Knight, Amanda Berry and Gina DeJesus were held captive for 10 years.
News Kidnapping suspect's death saddens Sharma Ria Chaitram Friday 17 January 2020. Former Cabinet Minister, Chandresh Sharma, expressed sadness Thursday over the death of one of the suspects in Tuesday's kidnapping episode in which his nephew, Dr Rudradeva Sharma, was killed.
John Paul Getty III died in 2011 at the age of 54 from illnesses resulting from the stroke. Despite his money, he was forever scarred by the harrowing experience of his abduction and the cruel indifference of his family. Enjoy this article on the kidnapping of John Paul Getty III?
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Libya is one of the most important transit points for migrants who want to cross the Mediterrean to reach Europe. Many holding camps are run by smugglers and people are subjected to horrendous conditions. DW caught up with survivors of the refugee camp's horrors who managed to escape to Niger, Libya's southern neighbor.
14-Year-Old Arrested For Kidnapping After Stealing Vehicle With Two Children Inside Two small Stockton children are safe after surviving a real-life horror story that their mother watched play out ...
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terrorist kidnapping cases for key business executives. They argue that the awareness of the dynamics of the kidnapping process and quick adjustment to the hostages' new life as hostages is essential to their 1 The Institute for the Study of Violent Groups is a terrorism research center wholly funded by the Bureau
Surviving Mars dev explains how we'll set up shop on the Red Planet By PC Gamer News Haemimont Games talks building homes away from home at the PC Gamer Weekender 2018.
Survive Kidnapping The man came out of nowhere, grabbed Carlesha Freeland-Gaither, and dragged her into his car. She'd been kidnapped. It's the kind of story that happens all too often, sometimes in broad daylight and in public places. Most of the victims are women, sometimes grabbed from a parking lot and dragged into a vehicle adjacent to the ...
A stranger had burst into her home in November 2010 and stabbed to death Sarah's mother, her 11-year-old brother and a family friend, then kidnapped Maynard and kept her for four days as his prisoner and the victim of his sexual assaults. And yet, through it all, the courageous young girl never gave up hope that she would be rescued.
It depends on a number of factors including: * Where you are in the world. Is it a country where kidnap for ransom is common? Is there a "kidnapping industry"? * Who kidnapped you and why If you are in a location where kidnapping is common place a...
Surviving Boko Haram: Kidnapped girls tell their stories ... Boys are kidnapped as well and turned into child soldiers. Sometimes they're released after the government has bombed an area, so ...
If you thought what happened to 16-year-old John Paul Getty III in Ridley Scott's new movie "All the Money in the World" was bad, the aftermath of his 1973 kidnapping was not much better.
Kidnapping is a serious risk both in Iraq and other hotspots, said instructor Al Burke. An estimated 3,000 kidnappings take place each year in Colombia alone. … SUBSCRIBE TODAY!
The resilience of Jayme Closs, who was rescued a year ago after nearly three months of captivity, has captivated the world. Since Jayme's escape, other survivors like Elizabeth Smart, Jaycee ...
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Jaycee Dugard was found in August, 2009 18 years after her abduction. While most child abductions by strangers do not end so well, historian Paula Fass points out that stranger abductions comprise only a small percentage of child kidnapping cases even though they receive the lion's share of media attention. Jan 03, 2020 · Officers recall 'mind-blowing' moment they found Cleveland kidnapping survivors after decade of torture Michelle Knight, Amanda Berry and Gina DeJesus were held captive for 10 years.
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