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Roberto Saviano (; born 22 September 1979) is an Italian writer, essayist, journalist, and screenwriter. In his writings, including articles and his book Gomorrah, he uses literature and investigative reporting to tell of the economic reality of the territory and business of organized crime in Italy, in particular the Camorra crime syndicate, and of organized crime more generally.

After receiving death threats in 2006 made by the Casalesi clan of the Camorra, a clan which he had denounced in his exposé and in the piazza of Casal di Principe during a demonstration in defense of legality, Saviano was put under a strict security protocol. Since 13 October 2006, he has lived under police protection.

Saviano has collaborated with numerous important Italian and international newspapers. Currently, he writes for the Italian publications l'Espresso, la Repubblica, and The Post Internazionale. Internationally, he collaborates in the United States with The Washington Post, The New York Times, and Time; in Spain with El Pais; in Germany with Die Zeit and Der Spiegel; in Sweden with Expressen; and in the United Kingdom with The Times and The Guardian.

His writing has drawn praise from many important writers and other cultural figures, such as Umberto Eco.

Saviano identifies as an atheist.

Biography

Son of Luigi Saviano, a Neapolitan doctor, and Miriam Haftar, a Ligurian of Jewish origins, Roberto Saviano received his high school diploma from the Armando Diaz State Scientific High School and then graduated in philosophy from the University of Naples Federico II, where he was the student of historian Francesco Barbagallo. He began his career in journalism in 2002, writing for numerous magazines and daily papers, including Pulp, , , , the website , and for the Camorra monitoring unit of the . His articles at the time were already important enough to spur judicial authorities at the beginning of 2005 to listen to him regarding organized crime.

In March 2006, he published Gomorrah, a novel inspired by real events. He is the author, along with Mario Gelardi, of a theatrical work of the same name and is a screenwriter for Gomorrah, the movie based on the novel. On 10 December 2009, in the presence of Nobel Prize winner Dario Fo, Saviano received the title of Honorary Member of the Academy of Fine Arts of Brera and the Second Level Academic Diploma Honoris Causa in Communication and Art Education, which is the highest degree given by the university. On 22 January 2011, the University of Genoa awarded him a bachelor's degree honoris causa in law "for the important contribution to the fight against crime and to the defense of legality in our country". Saviano dedicated the honor to the judges of Milan's district attorney's office who were investigating Rubygate. This led to a controversy with Marina Berlusconi, daughter of Silvio Berlusconi and president of the publishing house Arnoldo Mondadori Editore.

Saviano is primarily influenced by southern Italian intellectuals such as Giustino Fortunato and Gaetano Salvemini, by the anarchists Errico Malatesta and Mikhail Bakunin, and by poet Rocco Scotellaro. Additionally, he has said that his educational background includes many prominent writers such as Ernst Jünger, Ezra Pound, Louis Ferdinand Celine, Carl Schmitt, and Julius Evola.

In 2015, Saviano collaborated with the Neapolitan playwright Mimmo Borrelli on the play Sanghenapule – Vita straordinaria di San Gennaro, which was part of the 2015/2016 season of the Piccolo Teatro of Milan.

In 2006, following the success of Gomorrah, which denounces the activities of the Camorra, Saviano received ominous threats. These were confirmed by police informants and reports that revealed attempts on Saviano's life by the Casalesi clan. Investigators have claimed that the Camorra selected Casalesi clan boss Giuseppe Setola to kill Saviano.

After the Neapolitan police investigations, the Italian Minister for Interior Affairs Giuliano Amato assigned Saviano a personal bodyguard and transferred him from Naples. In the fall of 2008, informant Carmine Schiavone, cousin of the imprisoned Casalesi clan boss Francesco Schiavone, revealed to the authorities that the clan had planned to eliminate Saviano and his police escort by Christmas on the motorway between Rome and Naples with a bomb; in the same period, Saviano announced his intention to leave Italy in order to stop having to live as a convict and reclaim his life.

On 20 October 2008, six Nobel Prize-awarded authors and intellectuals (Orhan Pamuk, Dario Fo, Rita Levi-Montalcini, Desmond Tutu, Günter Grass, and Mikhail Gorbachev) published an article saying that they sided with Saviano against the Camorra. They also stated that the Italian government must protect Saviano's life and help him lead a normal life. Signatures were collected on the website of the Italian newspaper La Repubblica.

Saviano contributed an op-ed piece to the 24 January 2010 issue of the New York Times, entitled "Italy's African Heroes". He wrote about the January 2010 riots between African immigrants and Italians in Rosarno, a town in Calabria. Saviano suggests that the rioting was more of a response to the migrants' exploitation by the 'Ndrangheta, or Calabrian mafia, than to the hostility of Italians.

In November 2010, he hosted, along with Fabio Fazio, the Italian television program Vieni via con me, which was broadcast over four weeks by Rai 3.

Saviano's book,  was published by Feltrinelli in 2013, and the English translation was published by Penguin Random House in July 2015. This book is a study of the financial dealings around cocaine, covering its movement across continents and the role of drug money in international finance.

Gomorrah, ZeroZeroZero

In March 2006, Saviano's first book, Gomorrah: A Personal Journey into the Violent International Empire of Naples' Organized Crime System, was published as part of Mondadori's Strade Blu series. It describes the business and criminal world of the Camorra and of the places where the organization was born and exists: the region of Campania, the city of Naples, the towns of Casal di Principe, San Cipriano d'Aversa, and the territory around Aversa known as the agro aversano. Having grown up there, the author introduces the reader to a reality unknown to outsiders. The book talks about the criminal bosses' sumptuous villas copied from Hollywood films, rural lands filled with the toxic waste of half of Europe, and a population that not only cohabitates with organised crime but even protects it and approves of its actions.

As of August 2009, the book had sold 2.5 million copies in Italy alone and was translated into 52 languages. In the rest of the world, about 2 million copies of Gomorrah were sold. It was present on bestseller lists in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Sweden, Finland, Lithuania, Albania, Israel, Lebanon, and Austria.

A stage show was based on Gomorrah, earning Saviano the best actor of a new Italian play award at the Olimpici del Teatro/Theater Olympics in 2008. A film of the same name, directed by Matteo Garrone, was also created; it won the prestigious Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival in 2008. In 2009, the film won the Tonino Guerra Prize for best script at the Bari International Film Festival.

A television show titled Gomorrah - La serie was produced by Sky Italia, Fandango, Cattleya, Beta Film, and LA7, under the supervision of Saviano and the direction of Stefano Sollima, Francesca Comencini, and Claudio Cupellini. It ran for five series, commencing in 2014 and concluding in 2021.

In 2016, the same production crew began filming ZeroZeroZero, an adaptation of Saviano's 2013 book of the same name about the international cocaine trade.

Threats and life under police protection
The success of his book created numerous problems for Saviano, starting with threatening letters, silent phone calls, and protective isolation.

During a demonstration for legality in Casal di Principe on 23 September 2006, the writer denounced the business of the leaders of the Casalese clan, Francesco Bidognetti and Francesco Schiavone (currently in prison), and the two ruling bosses at the time, Antonio Iovine and Michele Zagaria. He addressed them in robust tones ("You are not from this land! Quit being part of this land!") and invited residents to rebel. Because of the threats and intimidation Saviano received consequently, the then-Minister of the Interior, Giuliano Amato, decided to assign him police protection beginning on 13 October 2006.

On 14 March 2008, during the Spartacus Trial, the attorney for Casalese bosses Francesco Bidognetti and Antonio Iovine, Michele Santonastaso (assisted by Carmine D'Aniello), read a letter written jointly by Bidognetti and Iovine (while both were in prison) to the president of the First Section of the Appellate Court of Assizes, Raimondo Romeres. The letter contained a request to move the trial due to legittima suspicione, or doubt surrounding the impartiality of the judicial body, caused by the alleged influence of Roberto Saviano, Rosaria Capacchione, and the district attorneys Federico Cafiero de Raho and Raffaele Cantone, on the judges. Following this, Minister of the Interior Amato decided to strengthen security measures for the writer, increasing his police escort from three to five men. Bidognetti and Iovine, and their attorneys Michele Santonastaso and Carmine D'Aniello, were then charged with intimidation of Saviano and Capacchione. Before the third criminal section of the Court of Naples, the Assistant Prosecutor of the District Anti-Mafia Directorate (DDA), Antonello Ardituro, requested the maximum sentence on conviction of one year and six months imprisonment. The sentence was passed for Bidognetti, Santonastaso, and D'Aniello, while Iovine was acquitted due to insufficient proof. The attorney general for Reggio Calabria, Federico Cafiero de Raho, testified during the trial, stating that Saviano was a "mortal enemy of the clan" and recalling that Saviano was among the few journalists present at all 52 of the prosecutor's closing speeches for the Spartacus Trial.

On 14 October 2008, reports emerged of a possible assassination plot against Saviano. A police inspector of the Milan Anti-Mafia Investigation Department DIA) informed the DDA that the pentito, Carmine Schiavone (cousin of boss Francesco Schiavone, aka Sandokan), had informed him of a plan, already in operation, to kill the writer and his bodyguards before Christmas through a spectacular attack on the highway between Rome and Naples, in the style of the assassination of anti-Mafia judge Giovanni Falcone at Capaci. However, when interrogated by magistrates, Schiavone denied any knowledge of the plan, provoking the writer's immediate response: "It's obvious that he'd say this; if he were to talk [about the plan], it would mean implicitly admitting to still having connections with organized crime". Subsequently, the district attorney heading the investigation requested and obtained dismissal of the case as the reports appeared to be unfounded, although Schiavone confirmed that Saviano had been condemned to death by the Casalese clan.

In October 2008, Saviano decided to leave Italy for a time, as the  result of threats, which were confirmed by reports and statements from informants, revealing a Casalesi clan plan to eliminate him.

Appeal from Nobel Prize winners

On 20 October 2008, six international Nobel Prize winners rallied in support of Roberto Saviano, asking the Italian government to do something to protect him and to defeat the Camorra, and emphasizing the fact that organized crime is not merely a problem for police that only concerns the writer, but is a problem for democracy that concerns all free citizens. The appeal concluded that citizens cannot tolerate the fact that the events described in Saviano's book are taking place in 2008 in Europe, just as they can't tolerate that the price one pays for denouncing these events means losing one's freedom and safety. The Nobel Prize winners who launched the appeal were: Dario Fo, Mikhail Gorbachev, Günter Grass, Rita Levi-Montalcini, Orhan Pamuk, and Desmond Tutu.

The appeal was signed by writers including Jonathan Franzen, Javier Marías, Jonathan Safran Foer, Jonathan Lethem, Martin Amis, Chuck Palahniuk, Nathan Englander, Ian McEwan, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, José Saramago, Elfriede Jelinek, Wislawa Szymborska, Betty Williams, Lech Wałęsa, Paul Auster, Siri Hustvedt, Peter Schneider, Colum McCann, Patrick McGrath, Cathleen Shine, Junot Diaz, Tahar Ben Jelloun, Taslima Nasreen, Caro Llewelyn, Ingrid Betancourt, Adam Michnik, and Claudio Magris. Foreign media—from El País to Le Nouvel Observateur and from Courrier International to Al Arabiya and CNN—also spread the initiative.

Following this, various radio stations opened up to debates and comments on the subject. The program Fahrenheit on Italy's Rai Radio 3 organized a marathon reading of Gomorrah in which celebrities from the world of culture, news, theater, and civil society participated. Numerous Italian cities also offered honorary citizenship to the writer, while many schools subscribed to the appeal. The Casa della Memoria e della Storia ("House of Memory and History") in Rome hosted an eight-hour choral reading of Gomorrah.

In addition to the signatures of the six prominent figures, normal citizens were able to sign the appeal on a special page created by the newspaper La Repubblica. More than 250,000 signatures were collected.

Detailed analysis
Need for bodyguards

In October 2009, the head of the Rapid Response Team of Naples, Vittorio Pisani, questioned the need for a security detail to protect Roberto Saviano, maintaining that the death threats had not been confirmed. In 2008, the director Pasquale Squitieri also cast doubt on the appropriateness of the security detail. According to him, Saviano went to the Cannes Film Festival "probably to put on a bit of a show" and "those who are really targets have bodyguards, of course, but they are also prohibited from flying on [commercial] planes and frequenting public places because they could put themselves and others in danger." Squitieri's declarations triggered a controversy between the two of them, and the producer of the film Gomorrah, Domenico Procacci, intervened, calling Squitieri's declarations "despicable."

The head of police, Antonio Manganelli, replied by reaffirming the need for bodyguards. Furthermore, the head DA for the Anti-Mafia Office of Naples, Federico Cafiero de Raho, declared that Saviano is exposed to a high risk and, therefore, requires protection . The district attorneys Raffaele Cantone and Franco Roberti, both magistrates with years of experience on the front lines fighting against the clans, reiterated Saviano's dangerous situation. Journalist Giuseppe D'Avanzo wrote a piece for La Repubblica, requesting the resignation of the head of the Rapid Response Team for his declarations.

Saviano replied in an article for La Repubblica, denouncing the attempt to isolate him and to cause the "disintegration" of the public's solidarity with him, comparing his case with those of Peppino Impastato, Giuseppe Fava, and Giancarlo Siani. Following Pisani's initiatives, Saviano had to "exhibit, as requested, the real cause of the threats."

On 19 May 2014, Pisani, testifying during the trial of the Casalesi bosses and their lawyers, who had used an istanza di remissione (request for remission) to threaten Saviano and others in the courtroom, renounced the headline of the interview that he had given to the Corriere della Sera in 2009: Saviano should not have bodyguards. "I don't agree with the headline of that article," Pisani declared to the judges. He also clarified the content of the investigation his team had conducted on the threats to Saviano: "We investigated and showed some photos to Saviano, who, however, did not identify them as the people who had threatened him. The decision to assign a security detail was obviously not up to us." Pisani, therefore, explained that he did not say the words pronounced in the article since the Carabinieri (Italy's national military police) were the ones who had to make the decision concerning Saviano's security detail.

Cesare Battisti

In 2004, the internet site Carmilla Online collected signatures in support of the ex-terrorist member of PAC (Armed Proletarians for Communism), Cesare Battisti, who had become a writer and was then hiding in France and Brazil. More than 1,500 signatures were obtained from the political-cultural arenas of France and Italy, including Saviano's. However, in January 2009, Saviano retracted his signature, saying that this was out of respect for the victims. This petition attracted media attention thanks to the interest of the weekly magazine Panorama.

Declarations on Israel

During the demonstration "For Truth, for Israel", organized by representative Fiamma Nirenstein of the PdL and held in Rome on 7 October 2010, Saviano participated through a video message, praising the Jewish state as a place of freedom and civilization. In his speech, the writer spoke of his Jewish roots and declared that Israel is a "democracy under siege," Tel Aviv is "a hospitable city" "that never sleeps, is full of life and, above all, tolerance, a city that succeeds more than any other in welcoming the gay community" and that "the refugees of Darfur, for example, are welcomed in Israel."

These, along with other declarations, caused controversy and were criticized for having ignored the injustices suffered by the Palestinian population. Activist Vittorio Arrigoni responded to Saviano's affirmations through a video, inviting him to revise his opinions and to define Shimon Peres—commended by Saviano—as a "war criminal."

Saviano responded to the objections by saying "In the video ... I never supported the war, never supported Operation Cast Lead, or the Israeli Right, never Netanyahu. I spoke about another Israel, an Israel to which one may turn in order to obtain peace." Referring to the writer Arrigoni, he replied, "In response to the question of are you with the Palestinians or the Israelis, I may disappoint, but I will always respond how my friend David Grossman taught me: 'I am with peace.'"

Article on Benedetto Croce

Saviano was accused by Marta Herling, the granddaughter of the Abruzzese philosopher Benedetto Croce, of having written a dishonest article about him. The writer affirmed that during the 1883 earthquake of Casamicciola, in which Croce lost his parents and sister, he allegedly followed his dying father's advice and offered 100,000 lire (a very large sum for the time), to whoever helped him out from under the rubble. The testimony taken up by Saviano during the show Vieni via con me ("Come away with me") in 2010, was denied by Herling in a letter published in the Corriere del Mezzogiorno and in two interviews given to TG1, during which she explicitly maintained that the writer invented the episode.

Such a theory, according to the director of the Corriere del Mezzogiorno, Marco Demarco, came from an "anonymous source" reported by Ugo Pirro in the magazine Oggi in 1950. Actually, two detailed sources document the episode described by Saviano. A later and better-known one is by Carlo del Balzo, who describes the tragedy suffered by the Croce family in a book published shortly after the event: Cronaca del Tremuoto di Casamicciola ("Report on the Casamicciola Earthquake") (Naples: Carluccio, De Blasio & Co., 1883). Nevertheless, there is also a previous book drawn on by Carlo del Balzo, titled Ricordi. Casamicciola e le sue rovine. Cenni storici – Geografici – Cronologici ("Memories. Casamicciola and its ruins. Historical – Geographic – Chronological Accounts") (Naples: Prete, 1883.). The passage taken by del Balzo is the following:

"And at Casamicciola the son of Comm. Croce was dug out alive. He is the only survivor of the rich family from Foggia, which has been settled in Naples for a long time. He recounted that his mother and sister were found among the rubble and passed away. His father, who was writing with his son at the table when the quake struck, was completely covered by debris except for his head and told him – Offer 100 thousand lire to whoever can save us. – And then his voice could no longer be heard and he was completely buried. The young Croce had a fractured arm and leg."

A legal complaint between Roberto Saviano and TG1 resulted from this affair since TG1 had interviewed Marta Herling, who maintained that the writer had "invented" the episode of the 100,000 lire, without giving Saviano the right to reply. Feeling that he had been defamed, Saviano sued RAI for 4,700,000 euros in damages.

Plagiarism dispute

In 2013, Saviano and the Arnoldo Mondadori Editore publishing house were sentenced for plagiarism on appeal. The Appeals Court of Naples recognized that some pages of Gomorrah (0.6% of the entire book) were the results of an illicit reproduction of some lines from two articles from local daily papers, Cronache di Napoli and Corriere di Caserta. Therefore, it partially modified the sentence from the first-degree court in which the court had rejected the accusations made by the two newspapers and had, instead, condemned them to pay damages for having "abusively reproduced" two of Saviano's articles (this sentence was confirmed in the appeal). In the appeal, the writer and Mondadori were ordered to jointly pay reparations for property and other damages of 60,000 Euros, plus a portion of legal costs. The writer appealed the ruling at the Court of Cassation, and the Supreme Court partially confirmed the sentence of the Appeals Court, but called for a reconsideration of the damages, evaluating 60,000 Euros to be an excessive sum for newspaper articles with a very limited readership. The Supreme Court did not agree with Saviano's appeal, rejecting almost all of the findings and largely confirming the basic structure of the Appeals Court's sentence.

In September 2015, journalist Michael C. Moynihan wrote an article for The Daily Beast, criticizing ZeroZeroZero and accusing Saviano of having used sections of text, including from Wikipedia, without citing his sources. In an article for the Italian newspaper La Repubblica, Saviano demonstrated how the passages from ZeroZeroZero and the presumed sources identified by Moynihan were manipulated in order to appear similar. The English newspaper The Guardian reported on the controversy with an article entitled "Roberto Saviano dismisses plagiarism claims over latest book", in which Saviano says, "I'm not a journalist (or a reporter), but, rather, a writer, and I recount real facts." Saviano adds that "Interpretations and theories have a provenance, not mere facts: those belong to all, to those who recount them and to those who read them, making them their own".

Among the various public personalities who have expressed their support of Roberto Saviano, the then-editor in chief of La Repubblica, Ezio Mauro, appeared in a video on the paper's website on 28 September 2015, to give his contribution to the "Saviano case." He repeated that "the facts of the news are available to all" and spoke about the "typical iconoclasm toward famous people who have constructed success and visibility based on their own hard work and studies." He continued by saying, "Saviano is paying for having an enormous following and, above all, for the fact that he hasn't remained comfortably in cultural obscurity".

Television
On 8–29 November 2010, Roberto Saviano hosted the cultural program Vieni via con me ("Come Away with Me") with Fabio Fazio on Rai 3. The program had very successful ratings: the third episode was seen by 9,671,000 viewers, or 31.6% of the television audience that evening. The show covered themes such as organized crime, immigration, women's emancipation, politics, and serious problems in Italian society. The program typically features the reading of "lists", with the goal of highlighting the issues addressed through a series of data. Numerous special guests appeared in the four episodes of the program.

Beginning on 14 May 2012, Saviano hosted the program  ("What I (don't) have"), once again with Fabio Fazio. It aired on La7 and was also streamed live on YouTube. The first episode was a record for La7, with 12.65%, or 3,036,000, viewers, and was the third most-watched program of the evening. This record was surpassed two days later with the third and final episode of the program, which registered 13.06% of viewers.

For four weeks from 4 October 2017, Saviano hosted the show  on the TV channel Nove, where he spoke of the major Italian and international bosses of the organized crime system.

Awards and honors
 2010 European Book Prize
 2011 PEN/Pinter Prize
 2011 Olof Palme Prize, together with Lydia Cacho.
 Bachelor's degree honoris causa in law - University of Genoa, 22 January 2011
 On 18 January 2012, Roberto Saviano was named honorary citizen of Milan.
 Asteroid 278447 Saviano, discovered by Italian amateur astronomer Silvano Casulli in 2007, was named in honor of Saviano's merits as writer and journalist. The official  was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 April 2012 ().
 On 7 June 2013, he officially received honorary citizenship of Florence from then-mayor Matteo Renzi.
 2019 Oxfam Novib/PEN Award for Freedom of Expression

Music
 British trip hop group Massive Attack wrote a song inspired by the story of Roberto Saviano and Gomorrah. Titled "Herculaneum", it was featured in the soundtrack for the film Gomorrah.
 Neapolitan rapper Lucariello wrote a song called "Cappotto di legno" (Wooden Coat) with music by Ezio Bosso. Before writing the song, Lucariello received Saviano's approval for it because it tells the story of a killer who is preparing to kill Saviano.
 The group Subsonica, from Turin, dedicated their song "Piombo" from the album L'eclissi to the writer.
 The end of the track "In Italia" by rapper Fabri Fibra contains part of Enzo Biagi's interview of Roberto Saviano, in which the writer states, "One of my dreams was to remain in my own land, to recount it and to continue—how can I say it—to resist."
 The same rapper refers to Saviano in another one of his pieces. In the track "Teoria e Pratica" from the EP Casus Belli, he says, "Who would you like as president? Me, Saviano!"
 The song "TammorrAntiCamorra", from the album Suburb by the rap group 'A 67, contains the line "smettiamo di essere Gomorra" ("Let's Quit Being Gomorrah"), and is dedicated to the priest don Giuseppe Diana, who was killed by the Camorra. In the song, Roberto Saviano reads a fragment of his book.
 During the U2 concert in Rome on 8 October 2010, Bono mentioned Roberto Saviano two times and dedicated the group's famous song "Sunday Bloody Sunday" to the writer. Saviano was at the concert and had met with the U2 frontman before the show.
 Fabri Fibra cites Saviano and his book Gomorrah once again in the track "Guerra e pace" ("War and Peace") on his eponymous 2013 album.
 Clementino also cites Saviano in the song "Mea Culpa", on the album of the same name.
 Saviano is cited by the Sardinian rapper Salmo in the track "Nella pancia dello squalo" ("In the Stomach of the Shark") on the album The Island Chainsaw Massacre.
 The journalist is cited in the track "Perdona e dimentica" ("Forgive and Forget") by I Cani. Saviano showed his appreciation for the one-man band, writing that his songs "are among the best stories of our country. Electronic anthropology."
The writer dedicated a section of his official site to music in the Galleries section.

Bibliography

Books
 Gomorra. Viaggio nell'impero economico e nel sogno di dominio della camorra. Milano. Oscar Mondadori. 2006.  -
 Gomorrah: A Personal Journey into the Violent International Empire of Naples' Organized Crime System. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2008.
 Beauty and the Inferno: Essays. Brooklyn, NY: Verso. 2012.
 La paranza dei bambini. Milano. Feltrinelli. 2016.
 The Piranhas: The Boy Bosses of Naples. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. (2018).
 Zero Zero Zero. Milano. Feltrinelli. 2013.
 Zero Zero Zero. Penguin Press. 2015.
 Bacio feroce. Milano. Mondadori. 2017
 Savage Kiss: A Novel.Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2020.

Short stories
 "Il contrario della morte" (2007)
 "Super Santos" (2012)

Essays
 "La bellezza e l'inferno".  (2004–2009). Mondadori. Milan. 2009.
 "La parola contro la camorra". Einaudi. Turin. 2010 (published with DVD).
 "Vieni via con me". Feltrinelli. 2011.

Audiobooks
 Se questo è un uomo (If This Is a Man) by Primo Levi, read in Italian by Roberto Saviano. Emons. Rome. 2013.

Miscellaneous
 Preface to Anatole France's La rivolta degli angeli, Padua, Meridiano zero, 2004; 2009 (Italian edition of France's The Revolt of the Angels)
 A occhi aperti. Le nuove voci della narrativa italiana raccontano la realtà, et al., Milan Oscar Mondadori, 2008.
 Raccontare la realtà. Un grande reporter americano incontra l'autore di Gomorra, con William Langewiesche, Rome, Internazionale, 2008
(Publication of the conversation between Saviano and William Langewiesche at the Ferrara Internazionale Literary Festival in 2007).
 Introduction to Michael Herr, Dispacci, Milan, Bur, 2008 (Italian edition of Michael Herr's Dispatches)
 Preface to Raffaele Sardo's La bestia. Camorra storie di delitti, vittime e complici, Milan, Melampo, 2008
 La Ferita. Racconti per le vittime innocenti di camorra, Naples, ad est dell'equatore, 2009
 Preface to Nanni Balestrini's Sandokan, storia di camorra, Rome, DeriveApprodi, 2009
 Preface to Giuseppe Fava's Prima che vi uccidano, Milan, Bompiani, 2009
 Essay in Makeba: la storia di Miriam Makeba, Iesa, Goree, 2009 (Italian edition of Makeba: My Story)
 Introduction to Anna Politkovskaja, Cecenia. Il disonore russo, Rome, Fandango, 2009 (Italian edition of Anna Politkovskaya's A Small Corner of Hell: Dispatches from Chechnya)
 LiberaMente. Storia e antologia della letteratura italiana, et al., 3 voll., Palermo, Palumbo, 2010
 Preface to Andrea Pazienza's Astarte, Rome, Fandango, 2010
 Preface to Mario Gelardi's Liberami dal male. La vera storia di Marco Marchese, Naples, ad est dell'equatore, 2010
 Introduction to Joseph Conrad, La linea d'ombra, Rome, Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso, 2011 (Italian edition of Joseph Conrad's The Shadow Line)
 Preface to Umberto Eco's Der ewige Faschismus, Munich, Hanser, 2020.  (The Eternal Fascism, A collection of several of Eco's works, published in Italy as Il fascismo eterno and Migrazioni e intolleranza in 2018 and 2019, retranslated from the Italian, English, and French texts of Eco into German, with a preface by Saviano.)

Journalism
 "Un sogno leghista", Nazione Indiana, 21 February 2003
 "Pasta, fagioli e clandestinità", Diario, 4 July 2003
 "La parola camorra non esiste", Nazione Indiana, 16 September 2003
 "L'infinita congettura", Nazione Indiana, 27 February 2004
 "La città di notte", Nazione Indiana, 22 March 2004
 "Annalisa. Cronaca di un funerale", Nazione Indiana, 9 April 2004
 "L'odiatore", Nazione Indiana, 4 May 2004 (an abridged version of this article was published in Pulp Libri in 2003)
 "Su Gustaw Herling", Nazione Indiana, 3 June 2004 (from Pulp Libri, n. 48)
 "Giancarlo Siani", Nazione Indiana, 11 June 2004
 "Mauro Curradi, scrittore d'Africa", Nazione Indiana, 17 July 2004 (from Pulp Libri, January 2003)
 "Vi racconto di Marano e dei due compari", Nazione Indiana, 5 August 2004
 "L'affermazione della libertà. Intervista a Mauro Curradi", Nazione Indiana, 24 August 2004
 "Kaddish per Enzo", Nazione Indiana, 27 August 2004
 "La bugia perenne", Nazione Indiana, 23 September 2004
 "Lettera a Federico Del Prete", Nazione Indiana, 13 October 2004
 "La brillante carriera del giovane di sistema", Nazione Indiana, 26 October 2004 (from Il manifesto, 24 October 2004)
 "Qui", Nazione Indiana, 23 November 2004
 "Il mestiere dei soldi", Nazione Indiana, 15 December 2004 (from Sud. Rivista di cultura, arte e letteratura, n. 3, December 2004)
 "Felicia", Nazione Indiana, 8 December 2004
 "Pandori e moda. La camorra spa", Nazione Indiana, 23 December 2004 (from Il manifesto, 16 December 2004)
 "Isaac Bashevis Singer", Nazione Indiana, 14 January 2005 (from Pulp Libri, n. 52, November–December 2004)
 "Boss e poeti", Nazione Indiana, 13 February 2005 (from Corriere della Sera - Corriere del Mezzogiorno, January 2005)
 "Giuliana Sgrena: quello che sta accadendo", by Sergio Nazzaro and Roberto Saviano, Nazione Indiana, 25 February 2005
 "33", Nazione Indiana, 14 March 2005 (from Corriere della Sera - Corriere del Mezzogiorno, 13 March 2005)
 "Ferdinando Tartaglia, Fenomenologia di un'eresia anarchica", Nazione Indiana, 10 April 2005 (from Pulp, n. 53, January–February 2005)
 "Il matriarcato", Nazione Indiana, 14 May 2005 (da Corriere della Sera - Corriere del Mezzogiorno, 16 April 2005)
 "Scrivere sul fronte meridionale. Lettera agli amici indiani", Nazione Indiana, 17 April 2005
 "La terra padre", Nazione Indiana, 2 June 2005 (from Nuovi Argomenti, n. 30, April–June 2005)
 "Io so e ho le prove", Nazione Indiana, 2 December 2005 (from Nuovi Argomenti, n. 32, October–December 2005)
 "Super santos, pali e capistazione", Nazione Indiana, 10 October 2005 (from Il pallone è tondo, edited by Alessandro Leogrande, L'ancora del mediterraneo, 2005)
 "Scampia Erzegovina" 13 July 2005 I Miserabili (from Generazioni. Nove per due, L'ancora del mediterraneo, 2005)
 "Langewiesche, scrittore d'aria, di terra e di mare", Nazione Indiana, 2 December 2005 (from Pulp Libri, n. 56, July–August 2005)
 "Inferno napoletano", L'espresso n. 36, 14 September 2006
 "Da Scampia si vede Pechino", L'espresso n. 38, 28 September 2006
 "E voi dove eravate", L'espresso n. 46, 21 November 2006
 "Quanto costa una parola", L'espresso n. 52, 4 January 2007
 "Vi racconto l'impero della cocaina", L'espresso n. 10, 15 March 2007
 "Spartani di George Bush", L'espresso n. 12, 29 March 2007
 "Guai a raccontare questo paese", L'espresso n. 15, 19 April 2007
 "Io sto con gli indiani", L'espresso n. 16, 23 April 2007

Filmography

Director
 Gomorrah (since 2014, directed by Stefano Sollima, Francesca Comencini, Claudio Cupellini, Claudio Giovannesi and Marco D'Amore)
 ZeroZeroZero (since 2019, directed by Stefano Sollima, Janus Metz, Pablo Trapero)
 I'm Still Alive (TBA)

Screenwriter
 Gomorrah (2008, directed by Matteo Garrone)
 Tatanka (2011, directed by Giuseppe Gagliardi)
 Piranhas (2019, directed by Claudio Giovannesi)
 The Immortal (2019, directed by Marco D'Amore

References

External links

 Official website
 Articles by Roberto Saviano published on Nazione Indiana
 Il Sistema Camorra, Interviewed by Arcoiris TV (VIDEO)

 A Reflection on Gomorrah in the context of the New Italian Epic , opening talk at the conference "The Italian Perspective on metahistorical fiction: The New Italian Epic", IGRS, University of London, 2 October 2008
 Top Naples Policeman Opposes Protection for Anti-Mafia Author  by Irish Times

1979 births
Living people
Antimafia
David di Donatello winners
European Film Award for Best Screenwriter winners
History of the Camorra in Italy
Italian atheists
Italian male journalists
Italian male screenwriters
Italian people of Jewish descent
Italian people of Libyan descent
Journalists from Naples
The New York Review of Books people
Non-fiction writers about organized crime in Italy
People involved in plagiarism controversies
Silver Bear for Best Screenplay winners
La Repubblica people
University of Naples Federico II alumni
Viareggio Prize winners
Writers from Naples

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line is a bridge-tunnel-combination across Tokyo Bay in Japan. It connects the city of Kawasaki in Kanagawa Prefecture with the city of Kisarazu in Chiba Prefecture. With an overall length of 14 km, it includes a 4.4 km bridge and 9.6 km tunnel underneath the bay - which is the longest underwater tunnel for cars in the world.
Lombard Street is an east-west street in San Francisco, California. It is famous for having a steep, one-block section that consists of tight hairpin turns.


Innovation, excellent and reliability are the core values of our business. These principles today extra than ever form the basis of our success as an internationally active mid-size company for Floor Cleaning Brush , Floor Cleaning Brushes , Foot Cleaning Brush , offer you a surprise.
While using the "Client-Oriented" company philosophy, a demanding high-quality management method, innovative producing products and also a sturdy R&D workforce, we always deliver premium quality merchandise, superb solutions and aggressive selling prices for Floor Cleaning Brush , Floor Cleaning Brushes , Foot Cleaning Brush , Our company sets up several departments including production department sales department quality control department and sevice centeretc. only for accomplish the good-quality product to meet customer's demand all of our products have been strictly inspected before shipment. We always think about the question on the side of the customersbecause you winwe win!


text:
Kevin O'Leary Back on 'Shark Tank' Set After Fatal Boat Crash
Kevin O'Leary Back in the Shark Tank ... After Fatal Boat Crash
Kevin O'Leary is back in front of the cameras after his fatal boating accident ... shooting new episodes of "Shark Tank."
O'Leary was spotted Monday at LAX ... our 'Tank' sources tell us he's resumed a normal shooting schedule and it's business as usual. O'Leary appeared to be flying solo at the airport. Our sources say no one on the set referenced the tragedy on the Canadian lake, which left 2 people dead ... at least nothing was talked about out in the open.
Meanwhile, Canadian law enforcement officials continue their investigation into the crash. We're told cops have been speaking with witnesses -- including those on the boat that was hit -- to determine what happened. A resident on the lake tells us ... last week police took several witnesses to the spot they were at when Kevin's boat crashed into another vessel carrying 8 people.
The investigation comes down to one issue ... did the boat Kevin's wife hit have its navigation lights on? If they were on, it was probably the wife's fault. If they were off, probably not.
We're told the boat that was hit was only 2 weeks old and had state-of-the-art technology that produced all sorts of data. That data almost certainly would tell investigators whether the lights were on.
O'Leary insists the other boat did not have its lights running. Sources tell us Kevin has obtained video -- which we believe to be from his dock -- that captures the area where the crash occurred. Problem is ... it was so far away, it's not clear to the naked eye.
We're told he's hired a company that specializes in video enhancement to determine if the other boat had its lights on.
Gallery Launch Gallery
"Shark Tank" Stars Launch Gallery Gallery
'Shark Tank's' Kevin O'Leary Says Don't Bury Big Baller Brand Yet!
Kevin O'Leary says Nike's Betsy Ross Flag Controversy is Genius
Kevin O'Leary Shark Tank TV Exclusive

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


LOOKING FOR THAT ONE UNIQUE PIECE THAT YOU JUST CAN'T SEEM TO FIND? WELL THIS IS IT! MICHAEL JORDAN 20X24 FRAMED COLLAGE FEATURING A 16X20 LICENSED UNSIGNED PHOTO OF THE LEGENDARY SUPERSTAR. PHOTO FEATURES AN ASSORTMENT OF SHOTS FROM SOME OF HIS MOST ICONIC MOMENTS!! FRAME IS A BLACK WOODEN FRAME WITH GLASS AND DOUBLE MATTED WITH HIS TEAM'S COLORS. GREAT ITEM FOR A MAN CAVE AND PERFECT GIFT ITEM AS WELL!! DON'T MISS OUT AS THIS WON'T LAST LONG!!
ALL ITEMS' CONDITIONS' ARE NEW, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. IF ITEM MAY SEEM CUT OFF A BIT, THAT IS OUR SCANNER.


You must have an MCC student ID number to apply to the PTA Program. If you have never attended MCC as a credit student, apply now and pay the non-fundable $15 application fee online or in Registration (A258).
Applications are due by 4 p.m. on August 15 to the PTA Program in E212.
Only fully completed applications will be considered for admission to the PTA Program.
You must register online to schedule time to complete your application essay online in the Testing Center. Complete the essay prior to the August 15 application deadline.
Why are you interested in becoming a PTA?
What special skills, education or experience do you possess that distinguish you from other PTA applicants?
Note: Your response to the essay questions, along with the written responses to each of the Documentation of Physical Therapy Clinical Experience Hours forms, will be evaluated on your content, grammar and spelling to determine a point total.
You will need an MCC student ID number and valid form of identification to be permitted to complete the essay. Plan on a minimum of one hour to complete this essay.
Provide documentation of a minimum of 40 hours of Physical Therapy clinical experience (work, volunteer or observation) using the Documentation of Physical Therapy Clinical Experience Hours form. We require a minimum of 20 hours in an out-patient setting and a minimum of 20 hours in another clinical setting.
The clinical experience must occur within the last five years.
Submit your documentation on page one of two and documentation by a physical therapist (PT) and/or a physical therapist assistant (PTA) on page two of two of the Documentation of Physical Therapy Clinical Experience Hours form.
Your PTA program general education and support course cumulative G.P.A. must be 2.75 or greater.
We require a grade of "C" or higher for all PTA program general education and support courses.
You must have completed Anatomy and Physiology I and II within five years of application deadline date.
If you haven't completed ENG 151 or the equivalent, you must provide an English Placement Test score that meets prerequisite to take ENG 151.
Advanced Placement or Transferring - Requests for advanced placement or transferring Physical Therapist Assistant course(s) from another PTA program are not being considered at this time.
Fill out our contact form or call the Physical Therapist Assistant program at (815) 479-7601 or email ptainfo@mchenry.edu.


I have not one, but two Palm PDAs. (This is a bug, not a feature, but it is true and I use both my CLIE and my Samsung i580 phone.) I have a home XP workstation, a personal iBook, and a corporate laptop.
Years ago I abandoned the Franklin Planner for the Palm. It has been a tortured relationship; Palm was a beauty once but she turned into a (very) high maintenance partner. My wife gave up on hers; I've come close. And yet, despite the tragic disappointment of the Palm PDA, still I cannot return to my Franklin Planner. Flawed, vile, troublesome -- the PDA still worked better for me than the paper planner (I think for most people the paper planner is now sadly better).
Except for the right side of the planner -- the place to put notes and scribbles, filed simply by date. I tried many substitutes. Legal pad. Faux-leather portfolios that always disintegrated. Loose pages that I tried to scan in a Fujitsu 10C -- until I sagged under the weight of scanning metadata and unspported SCSI drivers.
Then, by chance, my employer started stocking National Brand Single Subject Wirebound notebooks, 50 pages (33-986) and 80 pages (33-709). These are to conventional notebooks as a Mercedes is to a Yugo. They could inspire poetry in a nobler soul than mine.
I keep a 50 pager for personal use, an 80 pager for business. All notes, scribles, phone numbers, etc are entered chronologically. I try to date the top of a page every so often. The business notebook lasts about 2 weeks, the home notebook about 4 weeks.
They were a bit pricey for my workplace, and I needed to buy my own for personal use, so I'm happy to announce a quality supplier. Buy more than $50 or so (why not?) and shipping is free. UPS shipping is reasonable in any event.
My supplier for these beauties is officeworld.com. Search on the part numbers of 33709 (80 pages) and 33986 (50 pages), yes the site is slow.
Update 3/8/2010: See also an earlier article of mine that references the even higher cost legal rule 80 sheet Mead-Cambridge notebook. As of 2010 I can't find a place to buy a discounted bulk supply. I'd like to buy 50 of each size and get a price break.


text:
Fusion-io Files for an IPO. Translation: Please Buy Us
Stacey Higginbotham Mar 9, 2011 (Jun 8, 2020) -- Blog Post
Facebook's new data center uses Fusion-IO drives.
Fusion-io, the company making enterprise class solid state hard drives, has filed to raise up to $150 million through an initial public offering, the most recent in a spate of IPO filings out of the tech industry. However, unlike Pandora or LinkedIn, Fusion-io is a much younger company making hardware that underlies some of the fast web services booming on the web today. The company recently bragged that it has shipped more than 15 petabytes of storage on its drives, which are found in data centers belonging to Facebook, Myspace (s nws) and others.
Fusion-io is a relatively young company to try to hit the public markets, and unlike many other startups that file, it isn't profitable yet. In its S-1 filing with the SEC, Fusion-io reports income revenue of $36.2 million for fiscal year 2010, which ended in June, and a loss of $31.7 million. For the six months ending in December 2010, it reported incomerevenue of $58.3 million and net loss of $8.2 million. A large chunk of its recent income revenue has come from Facebook, which is installing Fusion-io's drives into its data centers. Last year, I reported that Facebook was testing Fusion-io's drives, and it seems the social network made quite a commitment.
Fusion-io has lost more than $77 million in its history, which isn't unusual for a hardware startup. In fact, it looks like a more traditional IPO in that it needs lots of cash in order to grow. Which it does. The company, which has raised more than $111 million in venture capital since its launch in 2007, is riding several huge trends in the data center sector from real-time access to data, to storing more data and attempting to analyze it. Its drives also use less energy, since there isn't a hard drive spinning away inside the server, helping it lower the energy costs associated with data centers. The company says the costs to power and cool the modules "are less than one percent" of the costs to power and cool hard disk drives.
However, given that Fusion-io raised $45 million in April 2010, and the company plays in a red-hot area right now, it's likely Fusion-io's IPO is somewhat of a feint to drive up its valuation in case of an eventual acquisition offer. My hunch is that Fusion-io has received some interest and realized it could boost its value significantly if it had the threat of an IPO to fall back on. A healthy IPO market does drive up valuations, which is good news for many of the other companies lurking in the wings and their venture investors.
For more on Big Data and to see representatives from Fusion-io, please come to our Structure Big Data Event in NYC on March 23.
Related Content from GigaOM Pro (sub req'd):
Why Cloud Storage is So Hot Right Now
How to Make Cloud Computing Greener
The Future of Data Center Storage
Cleantech, Cloud & Infrastructure, Science & Energy, Technology


text:
/**
 * HTTP Engine
 */

var http = require('http');
var router = require('./router.js');
var fs = require('fs');
var url = require('url');
var querystring = require('querystring');
var mime = require('mime');

var engine = function(config){
	console.log(config);

	var modules = {};

	function loadModule(module){

		var modulePath = config.root+config.path.controllers+''+module+'.js';
		console.log('Search module '+modulePath);
		if(fs.existsSync(modulePath)){
			try{
				modules[module] = require(modulePath);
				console.log('Loading success!');
				return true;
			} catch(e){
				return false;
			}

		}
		console.log('Module '+module+' not found in '+config.path.controllers);
		return false;

	}

	function resolveStatic(req,resp){
		console.log('Search '+config.root+config.path.statics+req.url.pathname);
		if (fs.existsSync(config.root+config.path.statics+req.url.pathname)){
			console.log('Found static resource at '+req.url.pathname);
			var mimetype = mime.lookup(config.root+config.path.statics+req.url.pathname);
			fs.readFile(config.root+config.path.statics+req.url.pathname,  function(err,data){
				resp.writeHead(200,{
				    "Content-type":mimetype,
				    "Content-length":data.length
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	function resolveDynamic(req,resp){
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		var methodPath = pathParts.slice(0,pathParts.length-1).join('.');
		var viewName = pathParts[pathParts.length-1];
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		console.log('Method path='+methodPath);
		console.log('View='+viewName);

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			console.log('Module='+moduleName);
			console.log('Class='+className);
			console.log('Method='+methodName);

			if (typeof(modules[moduleName])==='undefined'){
				if (loadModule(moduleName)){
					module = modules[moduleName];
					console.log(typeof(module[className]));
					if (typeof(module[className])==='function'){
						var ctrlConstructor = module[className];
						var ctrl = new ctrlConstructor();
						console.log(typeof(ctrl));
						if (typeof(ctrl)==='object'&&typeof(ctrl[methodName])==='function'){
							ctrl[methodName].apply(ctrl);
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		return false;
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	var server = http.createServer(function(req,resp){
		console.log('Resolving request '+req.url);
		req.url = url.parse(req.url,true);

		if (!resolveStatic(req, resp)){
			if (!resolveDynamic(req, resp)){
				resp.statusCode = 404;
				resp.write('Error!');
				resp.end();
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	});

	this.start = function(){
		console.log('Starting HTTP server on port '+config.port);
		server.listen(config.port);
	};

};

exports.Engine = engine;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
During the defeat of troy what happened to aeneas?
Asked by: Bernadette King DDS
At the fall of Troy, Aeneas, who had been Leader of the Dardanians during the Trojan War, left the city in flames, and after wandering in the Mediterranean sea, came to Italy and founded the state that later became Rome.
What happened to Aeneas after the fall of Troy?
Some affirm that Aeneas disappeared during a battle against the army of Mezentius (an ally of his enemy Turnus), but others say that he died in Thrace without ever reaching Italy, or that he, after having settled his people in Italy, returned home and became king of Troy , leaving the kingdom, after his death, to his ...
How did Aeneas escape during the battle of Troy?
Mounted on powerful horses, the invading Greek force storms into the burning city on the left. On the right, Aeneas scales the walls to escape with his elderly father and young son while his mother, Venus, protects him from a hovering cloud.
What does Aeneas do during the destruction of Troy?
Climbing to his roof, Aeneas sees fighting everywhere and Troy in flames. He runs for arms and then heads for the heart of the city, joined by a few of his men.
What happens during Aeneas first stop after the Trojan War?
On the Mediterranean Sea, Aeneas and his fellow Trojans flee from their home city of Troy, which has been destroyed by the Greeks. ... He tells how he escaped the burning city with his father, Anchises; his son, Ascanius; and the hearth gods that represent their fallen city.
The Trojan War Finally Explained
Why did Aeneas leave Troy?
Some have said that Aeneas betrayed the city of Troy, and that because of this service the Achaeans allowed him and his family to safely leave the city. Aeneas, they say, had been excluded from his prerrogatives by King Priam 1 and his son Paris, who could be thought to succeed his father after the death of Hector 1.
Who Killed Achilles?
Achilles is killed by an arrow, shot by the Trojan prince Paris. In most versions of the story, the god Apollo is said to have guided the arrow into his vulnerable spot, his heel. In one version of the myth Achilles is scaling the walls of Troy and about to sack the city when he is shot.
What happened to the survivors of Troy?
As for the Trojans, most of the men were killed, and most of the women were taken as captives by the invading Greeks. The rest were taken prisoner and brought back to Greece with Agamemnon and his army.
What does Sinon claim is the reason he was left behind?
Sinon is left behind to deceive the Trojans. In order to convince them that he is telling truth, he claims that he escaped the from the Greeks because they were about to offer Sinon as a sacrifice to get home. ... This action made the Trojans believe that any harm towards the horse will cause the downfall of Troy.
Why does Anchises refuse to leave?
Aeneas, deciding to flee from Troy with his family, returned home at last, but Anchises, who declared that he would rather die than face exile at his age, refused to abandon his home and urged the others to leave without him, which they would not do despite certain death if they stayed.
Why did Sinon lie to the Trojans?
Aeneid. In the Aeneid, Sinon pretended to have deserted the Greeks and, as a Trojan captive, told the Trojans that the giant wooden horse the Greeks had left behind was intended as a gift to the gods to ensure their safe voyage home.
Did Paris survive the Trojan War?
In the 2004 Hollywood film Troy, the character Paris was played by actor Orlando Bloom. He is not killed by Philoctetes in this version, but leaves the falling city of Troy together with Helen and survives. Paris is portrayed as an irresponsible prince who put his romance before his family and country.
Who Escaped Troy and eventually came to Italy?
29–19 bce) tells in 12 books of the legendary foundation of Lavinium (parent town of Alba Longa and of Rome) by Aeneas. When Troy fell to the Greeks, Virgil recounts, Aeneas, who had fought bravely to the last, was commanded by Hector in a vision to flee and to found a great city overseas.
Was the Trojan War real?
For most ancient Greeks, indeed, the Trojan War was much more than a myth. It was an epoch-defining moment in their distant past. As the historical sources – Herodotus and Eratosthenes – show, it was generally assumed to have been a real event.
Is Aeneas a hero?
Aeneas is described as a hero who is dedicated to his country and people, and stays loyal to his responsibilities. He heroically sacrifices his happiness and his love to Dido to the sake of his duties before gods and his people. He accepts responsibility of bringing about his preassigned fate.
How does Aeneas feel about the sack of Troy and the loss of his city?
Aeneas: He claims that they were never married. He regrets leaving, but he feels that the welfare of troy and his people come first, and that he is obligated by the gods to leave and found a kingdom.
How did Sinon trick the Trojans?
The horse was built by Epeius, a master carpenter and pugilist. ... The Greeks, pretending to desert the war, sailed to the nearby island of Tenedos, leaving behind Sinon, who persuaded the Trojans that the horse was an offering to Athena (goddess of war) that would make Troy impregnable.
What did Menelaus do when he finally found Helen in Troy?
When Menelaus finally found her, he raised his sword to kill her. He had demanded that only he should slay his unfaithful wife; but, when he was ready to do so, she dropped her robe from her shoulders, and the sight of her beauty caused him to let the sword drop from his hand.
Who does Aeneas carry on his back out of Troy?
The precise scene depicted is the moment when Aeneas carries his father, the elderly Anchises, and his son Ascanius from Troy, after it has been sacked by the Greek army. In his hand, Anchises carries a vessel with his ancestors' ashes, on the top of which are two tiny statues of Di Penates, Roman household gods.
Who died at Troy?
Achilles was cremated and his ashes buried in the same urn as those of Patroclus. Paris was later killed by Philoctetes using the enormous bow of Heracles. In Book 11 of Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus sails to the underworld and converses with the shades.
Who killed Paris Prince of Troy?
Paris himself, soon after, received a fatal wound from an arrow shot by the rival archer Philoctetes. The "judgment of Paris," Hermes leading Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite to Paris, detail of a red-figure kylix by Hieron, 6th century bc; in the Collection of Classical Antiquities of the National Museums in Berlin.
Who killed Agamemnon?
Clytemnestra, in Greek legend, a daughter of Leda and Tyndareus and wife of Agamemnon, commander of the Greek forces in the Trojan War. She took Aegisthus as her lover while Agamemnon was away at war. Upon his return, Clytemnestra and Aegisthus murdered Agamemnon.
Why did Achilles cry?
In book 23 of the Iliad, after Achilles has killed Hector and had his corpse dragged back to the Greek ships, he cries because he is mourning his beloved friend Patroclus, and he sees Hector's death as an act of vengeance.
Why is Achilles not a hero?
Achilles abandons the noble qualities of a social hero and becomes disrespectful, a man without feelings. It is only because of the Gods' intervention that he stops.
Did Achilles really love briseis?
In the legends, Briseis was the wife of King Mynes of Lyrnessus, an ally of Troy. ... Even though she was a war prize, Achilles and Briseis fell in love with each other, and Achilles may have gone to Troy intending to spend much time in his tent with her, as was portrayed in the movie.
33Do troy and britta get together?
15Will total war troy have multiplayer?
30In the troy weight?
18Whats a troy ounce?
33Has troy deeney left watford?
45Will total war troy be on steam?
23Are troy and carly still together?
38Will troy polamalu be in the hall of fame?
16Were was the city of troy?
39Does troy landry own duffy's?
17Does california have earthquake proof buildings?
36Is boyards a word?
25Does almond oil help in removing dark circles?
44Was the bible written in chronological order?
32Do pregnancy tests have to be taken in the morning?
44Will a scald scar?
32Which type of wave has rarefactions and compressions?
39On linguistics and literature?
43Was minecraft on steam?
17What does proponent mean spanish?


text:
Q: How to create a data frame using two unequal length of lists I have two lists like below:-
column1= [30, 40, 50, 60,90,20,30,20,30]
column2= ['bat', 'ball','tent']

I want to create a dataframe using two lists such that the values of column2 have to equally repated to create a data frame. I tried to implement it but I am getting an output like below:-
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

column1= [30, 40, 50, 60,90,20,30,20,30]
column2= ['bat', 'ball','tent']
table1 = np.tile(column1, len(column2))
table2 = np.repeat(column2, len(column1))
df = pd.DataFrame({"table1": table1, "table2": table2})
print(df)

output received:-
 table1 table2
0   30  bat
1   40  bat
2   50  bat
3   60  bat
4   90  bat
5   20  bat
6   30  bat
7   20  bat
8   30  bat
9   30  ball
10  40  ball
11  50  ball
12  60  ball
13  90  ball
14  20  ball
15  30  ball
16  20  ball
17  30  ball
18  30  tent
19  40  tent
20  50  tent
21  60  tent
22  90  tent
23  20  tent
24  30  tent
25  20  tent
26  30  tent

Excepted output:-
table1  table2
0   30  bat
1   40  bat
2   50  bat
3   60  ball
4   90  ball
5   20  ball
6   30  tent
7   20  tent
8   30  tent

Is there a better way to get the excepted output?

A: Use np.repeat like this:
df = pd.DataFrame({'table1': column1,
                   'table2': np.repeat(column2, len(column1) // len(column2))})
print(df)

# Output:
   table1 table2
0      30    bat
1      40    bat
2      50    bat
3      60   ball
4      90   ball
5      20   ball
6      30   tent
7      20   tent
8      30   tent

A: The code you are using will help you to achieve this result. there is no need to work on column1, you can try this it will return you the desired output
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

column1= [30, 40, 50, 60,90,20,30,20,30]
column2= ['bat', 'ball','tent']
# table1 = np.tile(column1, len(column2))
table2 = np.repeat(column2, len(column1)/len(column2))
df = pd.DataFrame({"table1": column1, "table2": table2})
print(df)

but in this approach column1 must be a multiple of column2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Riverside Square (Lofts on Queen) represents the shape of things to come in this vibrant downtown east neighbourhood. A constantly changing kaleidoscope of people and places, always fresh and fun, a lively fusion of new cafes, stores, yoga studios, a new edge with a youthful vibe and downtown attitude. Inspired by the exciting renaissance that is driving this neighbourhood, Riverside Square combines the best of old and new in a well-connected and convenient location.
Riverside Square is located at 677 Queen St E, and will be made up of two buildings (24 and 7 storeys, 317 suites in total). Riverside Square will also include 2 and 3 storey townhomes. Suites range in size from 435 sq ft to 1830 sq ft. Prices are starting from $259,900 for the studio unit, to $989,900 for a 3 bedroom townhome.
VIP sales are underway, with great builder incentives.


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We are committed to the protection of your privacy. This commitment means that we will not share your personal information with any person, agency, organization, or entity other than with service providers who perform services for us and who agree to keep your information confidential and as is required by law. We do, however, list the names of donors to the Foundation in various publications, including on our website and in the High School Commencement program. No other information besides the donor name and level of giving is listed. Donors who do not wish to have this information listed can contact the president of the Foundation and your name will be removed. Should our information sharing practices change so that we intend to share your information with anyone besides those listed, we will post the new policy on our website.


One does not need a pilot license to fly a BlackFly multi-copter, the latest attempt at flying car.
The BlackFly multicopter was developed by Opener and first tested and by the national aviation authority of Canada. BlackFly can be operated in the US without a pilot's license, the official release said.
The car has a cabin installed on two wings, each having four propulsors.
BlackFly operates on electric motors and on a full charge of the battery can cover up to 25 miles (40km) at a speed of 62mph.
BlackFly's maker, the Palo Alto-based firm Opener says that the cost of BlackFly on the market will be comparable with the cost of a SUV. The novelty should be on sale in 2019.
In the meantime, the British company-manufacturer of cars and aircraft engines Rolls-Royce unveiled at Farnborough Airshow the concept of a new hybrid aircraft for passenger transportation. Unlike its competitors, it will have the ability to take off and land in a vertical position.
The concept was called EVTOL (Electric Vertical Take Off and Landing). The initial concept vehicle uses gas turbine technology to generate electricity to power six electric propulsors specially designed to have a low noise profile. It also has a battery for energy storage.
In this hybrid-EVTOL configuration it could carry four or five passengers at speeds up to 250mph for approximately 500 miles, would not require re-charging – as the battery is charged by the gas turbine – and would be able to utilise existing infrastructure such as heliports and airports.
The device operates on six electric motors, the energy for which generates a generator of 500 kW, which is connected to the gas turbine engine M250.
The maximum range is 800 km. It is noted that EVTOL is able to carry up to five passengers at speeds up to 250 km/h.
So far, Rolls-Royce has only a 3D model of the aircraft.


text:
Arabian Nights comics are comic book stories adapted and inspired by the One Thousand and One Nights. The collection of Middle Eastern folk tales has inspired filmmakers (The Thief of Baghdad, all the various versions of Sindbad, Aladdin, etc.), playwrights (Edward Knoblock's Kismet, James Elroy Flecker's Hassan) and popular novelists (John Barth, A. S. Byatt – even Nobel Prize-winner Naguib Mahfouz), and comics versions proliferate as well. Generally, the comic adaptations are meant to bring classic literature and mythology to a younger audience.

Synopsis
The story is a frame narrative, told by Scheherazade. Shahryar, the Persian Sassanid King of kings, was infamous for beheading his wives due to his suspicions of faithlessness. After running out of women to marry and behead, the King goes to his vizier, who reluctantly offers his daughter, Scheherazade. She uses her dazzling tales to keep the interest of the King as the night begins until the day comes, so that she will not be beheaded overnight. Eventually, because of her tales, the King decides to spare her.

Comic book adaptations
 Classics Illustrated #8 (1947) — abridged version of One Thousand and One Nights in comic book form. This version of the tales, illustrated by Lillian Chestney, consists of "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves," "The Story of the Magic Horse," The Adventures of Sinbad the Sailor," and "Aladdin and His Magic Lamp" (which are all a part of the traditional One Thousand and One Nights). Although abridged, the comic adaptation of the tales remains faithful to the original tales, although the origins are not clear-cut.
 Carl Barks, the creator of Scrooge McDuck, wrote two substantial adventure stories based on the Nights:
 "In The Cave of Ali Baba", a fascinating tale-within-a-tale framed by some magicians performing the Indian rope trick.
 "Rug Riders in the Sky", The second of Barks' classic Uncle Scrooge Arabian Nights adventures. somewhat more perfunctory, a fantasia based on the flying carpet motif made familiar thanks to Douglas Fairbanks. Barks is clearly fascinated by the Roc, that elephant-sized bird in the old stories, but beyond that archaeology sets his pulse racing more than folklore and narratology.
 "Desert Shadows," Wet Dreams (Heavy Metal, 2000), by Alfonso Azpiri — the association of the Nights with pornography clearly dies hard, as the cover illustration to this anthology of vaguely mythological short stories reveals.
 "Ramadan," The Sandman #50 (DC Vertigo, June 1993), by Neil Gaiman (story) and P. Craig Russell (art) — the highest-selling issue in the whole run of Gaiman's The Sandman series. Produced in 1992, it ends with images from the Gulf War.
 One Thousand and One Nights by Jeon Jin Seok (story) and Han Seughee (art) — a truly bizarre manhwa rewriting of the Nights for female Korean teenagers. A lot of stress on gay sex & incest (retellings of the story of Cleopatra – in love with her brother rather than either Julius Caesar or Mark Antony – & Socrates and Alcibiades, among others) makes it rather more "revisionist" than perhaps its original publishers intended. As a result, the English translations lag a couple of years behind the Korean version. Published in six volumes, all translated by Hye Young Im & J. Torres:
 One Thousand and One Nights Vol 1. 2004. Seoul: Ice-Kunion, 2005.
 One Thousand and One Nights Vol 2. 2005. Seoul: Ice-Kunion, 2006.
 One Thousand and One Nights Vol 3. 2005. Seoul: Ice-Kunion, 2006.
 One Thousand and One Nights Vol 4. 2005. New York: Yen Press, 2008.
 One Thousand and One Nights Vol 5. 2006. New York: Yen Press, 2008.
 One Thousand and One Nights Vol 6. 2006. New York: Yen Press, 2008.
 Les 1001 nuits de Scheherazade. Paris: Albin Michel, 2001, by Eric Maltaite — straightforward — though sexually explicit — retelling of the first few stories from the collection.

Arabian Nights games
 Arabian Nights: Magic and Mystery in the Land of the Djinn by Phil Masters. Edited by Steve Jackson and Susan Pinsonneault. (Austin, Tx: Steve Jackson Games, 1993) — probably for fans of Dungeons & Dragons-style games only. Extremely circumstantial and detailed.
 The Chess Mysteries of the Arabian Knights, by Raymond Smullyan. 1981. (Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992) — somewhat eccentric adaptation of Arabian Nights scenarios to the exigencies of the chessboard.

References

1947 comics debuts
Works based on One Thousand and One Nights
Comics based on fairy tales
Comics set in the Middle East
Comics set in deserts


A sci-fi story I wrote last year was awarded the Western Regional Honors Council Short Fiction award and published in this year's edition of the Scribendi literary magazine. The University of Utah Honors College flew me out to Bozeman, Montana to appear at the Scribendi release reception, at which I talked for a few minutes about the story. You can watch the talk on video from my phone!
I'll be unveiling "I Think" in zine form on next Saturday (April 13th) at Grid Zine Fest. Be there!


text:
Bena-Kinga (G.60) jezici, podskupina od (9) nigersko-kongoanskih jezika koji se govore na području Tanzanije. Pripadaju centralnoj bantu skupini u zoni G. Predstavnici su:
bena ili ekibena [bez], 670.000 (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001);
hehe ili kihehe [heh], 805.000 (2006);
kinga ili ekikinga [zga], 140.000 (2003);
kisi ili kikisi [kiz], 10.200 (2001);
magoma ili kimagoma [gmx], 9.000 (SIL 2003);
manda ili kimanda, kinyasa [mgs], 22.000 (2002);
pangwa ili ekipangwa [pbr], 95.000 (2002);
sangu ili eshisango [sbp], 75.000 (1987);
wanji ili vwanji [wbi], 28.000 (SIL 2003).

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Ethnologue (14th)
Ethnologue (15th)

centralni bantu jezici zone G
jezici po abecedi:B


text:
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Home » 'Cleaning out my office': Four new faces are coming to Philadelphia City Council
Posted inElection 2019, News
'Cleaning out my office': Four new faces are coming to Philadelphia City Council
by Max Marin November 6, 2019 January 17, 2023
Vista del Ayuntamiento de Filadelfia desde el Templo Masónico
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Though Mayor Jim Kenney waltzed to a second term, the results of Tuesday's election present a major shakeup for Philadelphia local government.
Incumbent Republican Councilmember David Oh clinched a third term with more than 49,000 votes, despite heavy opposition from his own party — but the other at-large Council seat held by law for a minority candidate did not go the GOP. In a historic first, a third-party candidate won a seat on City Council amid what looks to be a record-breaking turnout for an off-year election.
The second minority party seat was won by the Working Families Party's Kendra Brooks, who pulled off the biggest upset of the night. She'll be one of at least four new faces to join the legislative body in 2020.
Working Families Party wins City Council seat in historic Philly election
Lines were so long at West Philly polls that some people left without voting
Mayor Kenney Part II: What's next for Philly under his watch?
Did Philly's new voting machines pass their test?
Newcomers Isaiah Thomas and Katherine Gilmore Richardson, both endorsed by the city's Democratic party, will take over two of Council's seven at-large seats, while Democrat Jamie Gauthier, another first-timer, will take the keys to veteran Councilmember Jannie Blackwell's district in West Philly.
Thomas and Gilmore Richardson, along with incumbent Democratic lawmakers Helen Gym, Allan Domb and Derek Green, ended the day with the highest vote totals in the Council at-large race.
Election night saw long delays with the city's fleet of new voting machines. For much of the night, Oh raced neck and neck with Brooks' running mate on the Working Families Party ticket, pastor Nicolas O'Rourke, who finished behind incumbent Councilmember Al Taubenberger, according to unofficial tallies.
But as the dust settles on the ballots, it's clear that at least one Republican is leaving City Hall next year.
Taubenberger: 'Looks like I'm cleaning out my office'
The Brooks win means it's one term and done for Taubenberger, a businessman who ran unsuccessfully for four different elected offices before finally winning a seat on Council in 2015. The Republican conceded his loss to Brooks by phone Tuesday night.
"Looks like I'm cleaning out my office," Taubenberger told WHYY. "Numbers are numbers."
Taubenberger added that he "enjoyed every second he had being a councilman." The stakes were high for the former president of the Greater Northeast Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce. Prior to his election in 2015, he had racked up a litany of political losses, including flopped bids for mayor, City Council, state representative and even Congress.
Councilmember Oh, meanwhile, chalked up his victory to his diverse base.
"If you look at this we have whites, we have people from the Northeast, Center City, we Have Democrats, Asians, we have Muslims, we have African Americans, we have LGBTQ," Oh told reporters at his campaign party. "If you look at who's in my room, versus who's in their room. You are going to see a very different type of room."
Tinney disappears from campaign party after heavy loss
Dan Tinney, a Northeast Philly steamfitter who billed himself as a pro-union Republican, was long perceived as a well-backed frontrunner who could replace one of the sitting GOP lawmakers.
Tinney and his campaign staff were difficult to locate at the election night party at Nick's Roast Beef in the far Northeast as the results rolled in. At the end of the night, a bartender started asking the remaining crowd where to find the candidate, and a reporter overheard questions about what to do with the pending $2,600 bar tab. [Editor's note: After this article published, the bartender told Billy Penn she had known all along Tinney's relatives were taking care of payment, and was simply trying to locate the candidate.]
There was once great hope for Tinney after the May primary. The 37-year-old GOP ward leader finished first among his Republican rivals in that race, and he continued to galvanize support with the aid of building trades unions and the Fraternal Order of Police.
Scratch that. Tinney just walked in to a chorus of cheers like "Councilman Tinney!" and "I hope Kenney gets his ass kicked" pic.twitter.com/2jzGQj0YPi
— Michaela Winberg (@mwinberg_) November 6, 2019
Northeast Philly gives O'Neill *11th* term
Far Northeast Philly voters re-elected Councilmember Brian O'Neill to his 11th four-year term by a wide margin.
With the departure of Councilmember Jannie Blackwell, O'Neill is the longest-serving legislator by a long shot. With 55% of the vote, he declared victory over challenger Democrat Judy Moore. He won his first election in the 10th district in 1979 — the year his opponent was born — and has held the seat ever since. O'Neill and his champions chalk up his success to his moderate politics and hawkish approach to urban planning in the suburban-like district.
O'Neill has won accolades for his availability to his constituents. Living in the furthest district from City Hall, the councilmember funds four satellite offices in his district so residents can get facetime with their elected officials with relative ease.
Moore, a former Garces restaurant group executive, was perceived as a serious contender against O'Neill early on in the race. Outside political group Philadelphia 3.0 — a so-called "dark money" political nonprofit — showed some early investment in her campaign. But the group appears not to have spent a dime in support of Moore since the summer, according to campaign finance reports.
Establishment Dems still win big
For the five Democratic nominees, the night lacked surprises, thanks to the city's 7-to-1 Democratic voter edge.
Incoming lawmaker Isaiah Thomas took an early victory lap shortly before 10 p.m. with more than 75 friends, family, and longtime supporters cheering him on at a South Philly campaign party.
With a crowd of fellow party leaders, Thomas, who ran for Council twice before, said he would side with establishment Democrats or align with progressive Working Families Party candidate Kendra Brooks.
He said he didn't favor one over the other.
"I'm for Philadelphia and that's the top priority, you know, and specifically for people who often don't have a voice to be able to speak for themselves and when you look at the ills in our city from bad schools, to poverty, to violence people of color are the ones who suffer the most," he said. "I lean for the people who are in need the most."
Billy Penn's Michaela Winberg and WHYY's Ryan Briggs, Ximena Conde and Jake Blumgart contributed to this report.
Max Marin
Max Marin (he/him) was Billy Penn's investigative reporter from 2018 to 2021. A graduate of Temple University, he has produced award-winning journalism on local politics, criminal justice, immigration... More by Max Marin
Philly schools will teach a unit on MOVE, part of the refreshed African American history curriculum
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The new way the left is trying to distract us is the continuing saga of legalization of drugs, specifically, now, marijuana. This is bad news for our society, but it's really bad news for our kids.
I will preface this entire article with the following: I am virulently anti-drug, including pot. In past discussions, I have heard ridiculous arguments that other things like trans fats, white sugar (yes, really), tobacco and alcohol are more harmful than pot. As it pertains to our kids, I will address that fallacy. If the only argument for legalization was that as adults we have the right to make choices, even ones that harm us, as much as I hate drugs, I would say fine, individual liberty trumps. However, there is more at stake here than the selfish choices of addicted adults…our children. Even in a free society, the needs of our vulnerable children trump the individual liberty of adults.
First, let's explore exactly what pot does to teens. The Society for Neuroscience had a meeting recently where a study was presented about the effects of pot on teens. It found that from a neurological standpoint, people who start smoking pot at a young age have more and permanent cognitive shortfalls and serious issues with focus, attention and decision making ability. Brain studies showed less "white matter" which affects learning and function and smaller brains, and less connections between brain cells, slowing thinking ability. Teen pot smokers were more impulsive and unable to learn from their mistakes. They also lost an average of eight IQ points. That is a significant drop which could and does affect long-term career prospects, job performance and income. Teen brains don't completely mature until the mid-20's. The study showed that their brains don't "bounce back" as is the popular misconception.
The American Academy of Pediatrics published a paper regarding the effects of pot on children and teens. This paper looks at several factors, including the effect of marketing efforts if legalized, as well as the attitudinal shift that will occur if legalization occurs. In looking at the effect of marketing efforts of cigarettes and alcohol, the AAP found that while the industry claims not to market to children, the actual marketing is actually aimed at them. The "smoking or drinking is cool" message that is communicated through the use of young, hip and beautiful models screams through to kids. In the Comprehensive Tobacco Settlement lawsuit, it was demonstrated that regardless of regulation put on the industry, tobacco companies continued to market to young people.
How else can we see this? The CDC. In 2011 the CDC reported the following about smoking: 18.1% of high school students smoked one or more cigarettes for the month prior to the CDC's study, and 4.3% of middle school students did as well. These students exhibited the following risky behaviors: high-risk sexual behavior, alcohol use, marijuana and heavier drug use.
Alcohol use in the 30 days prior to the study: 39% drank some amount of alcohol; 22% binge drank; 8% drove after drinking alcohol; and 24% rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol. Another study reported that 33% of 8th graders and 70% of 12th graders had tried alcohol, and 13% of 8th graders and 40% of 12th graders drank during the past month. Teens that drink, even occasionally, have higher incidents of school problems, social problems, legal problems, interference with normal growth and development, unwanted, unplanned, and unprotected sexual activity, physical and sexual assault, higher risk for suicide and homicide, memory problems, abuse of other drugs including pot, and death.
Those who like to argue that pot is safer than alcohol or tobacco, despite the studies that prove serious cognitive problems in adults who were teen pot smokers, ignore several factors. The biggest factor they ignore is that alcohol and tobacco cause more harm to society and people in general because they are widely and easily available, and socially acceptable. Marijuana is a psychoactive drug, and it is addictive. There are enough issues with the enforcement of laws that restrict alcohol and tobacco availability to children and teens. Adding pot to the mix means an additional burden on law enforcement, in an area where enforcement has been problematic.
Let's also not forget that the American Academy of Pediatrics has also looked at the attitudinal shift that will take place if legalization occurs. The AAP has published studies that show that the "prevalence of adolescent marijuana use is inversely proportional to the perceived risk associated with use." In other words, legal sanctions keep them from deciding to try pot. If that sanction isn't there, the perceived risk diminishes and use among teens skyrockets. Teens who find that pot is easy to get are 2.5 times more likely to use it. So, according to the AAP, the easy availability combined with the decrease in risk means an increase in use. In addition, other long terms studies have shown that high school students don't try harder drugs without first having tried pot. For example, the risk of using cocaine or heroin is much greater for those who have used pot.
In a society that values personal liberty, the choice to use or not use drugs, it can be argued, is the decision of the individual. However, given the risks and damage done to our children, is that particular personal liberty worth the harm to the next generation? I think we all know the real answer to that question.