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The Real Reason for the Crash of Air France Flight 4590
Posted on September 21, 2019September 21, 2019 by walt313	Leave a comment
Concorde pilot John Hutchinson presents clear evidence that the French authorities, who conducted the crash investigation, covered up the true cause and tried to blame Continental airways engineers and design weaknesses in Concorde.
Air France Flight 4590 was an international charter flight, from Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris to John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York, flown by an Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde. On 25 July 2000 at 15:43 UTC, the aircraft serving the flight (registration F-BTSC) crashed on take off.
Chain of Events
F-BTSC was in maintenance prior to this flight. The left main landing gear was disassembled to correct a problem. When reassembled, a wheel spacer was not reinstalled and was found still sitting on a shelf after the crash. The aircraft had done four flights with this defect prior to the crash so it wasn't the prime cause.
The cause of the crash was pilot error.
The Captain overrode procedure and ordered the tanks to be filled to the brim instead of the normal 80%. He ordered more fuel than was required to be put in the aft tanks used for taxiing. He allowed 19 bags, that had not been weighed, to be loaded in the aft hold. All this made the aircraft over weight and the center of gravity out of limits.
Presumably due to the weight and balance being out of limits he requested to use the runway extension, even though it was officially closed because it was being re-surfaced. He also elected to take off with an 8 kt tail wind.
On take off the aircraft struck the ledge as it left the overrun and came on the to the runway. The effect was not unlike driving your car over a square curb at a 90 degree angle. This caused the wheels of the left main gear to turn 90 degrees to the left as they had no spacer to constrain them. The tires overheated and burst starting the fire.
The malfunctioning gear and burst tire forced the aircraft to slew to the left. It was then that it struck a runway light. Debris from the light struck the underside of the left wing. This caused a shockwave in the fuel of the over-filled tank. Fuel spewed from the bottom of the wing which was set on fire by the tire fire.
Investigation photo showing where aircraft departed the runway at taxiway S3.
At this point the aircraft was past V1 speed of 180kts and the Captain was committed to the takeoff. As the aircraft climbed off the runway, the Left Engine Fire Light came on. The co-pilot incorrectly shut down the engine. The fire light was false because the fire was overheating the engine. Although the engine was overheating, it was still performing at 100%. The correct procedure for an overheat would be to continue operation until the aircraft safely airborne and then shut down the engine.
Once airborne, with the center of gravity shifted further aft by the escaping fuel, lack of full engine power and being overweight, the aircraft stalled and crashed..
113 people were killed in the crash.
100 passengers
9 crew
4 people on the ground.
Co-pilot: "Le Bourget, Le Bourget."
Pilot: "Too late (unclear)."
Control tower: "Fire service leader, correction, the Concorde is returning to runway zero nine in the opposite direction."
Pilot: "No time, no (unclear)."
Co-pilot: "Negative, we're trying Le Bourget" (four switching sounds).
Co-pilot: "No (unclear)."
Control tower: "De Gaulle tower from fire service leader, can you give me the situation of the Concorde?"
Cockpit Area Microphone (CAM): (Sound of effort)
End of recording
Posted in Aviation, MishapsTagged 25 July 2000, Aérospatiale-BAC, Air France, Air France Flight 4590, Concorde, cover up, crash, Crash Report, mishap, Paris, Pilot ErrorLeave a Comment on The Real Reason for the Crash of Air France Flight 4590
When the Cold War was Hot
Posted on July 15, 2019July 15, 2019 by walt313	Leave a comment
The Cold War wasn't always cold and aircraft were lost to "enemy action".
5 November 1957 A Republic of China Air Force B-26 Invader was shot down over the People's Republic of China and the crew of three was captured. The crew was released eight months later.
24 December 1957 A US Air Force RB-57 was shot down over the Black Sea by Soviet fighters.
27 June 1958 A US Air Force C-118, reportedly on a regular supply flight from Wiesbaden West Germany to Karachi Pakistan, via Cyprus and Iran, crossed the Soviet border near Yerevan Armenia. Soviet MiG-17P Fresco pilots G.F. Svetlichnikov and B.F. Zakharov shot the aircraft down 30 km south of Yerevan. Five crew members parachuted to safety and four other survived the crash landing on a half-finished airstrip. The crew of Dale D. Brannon, Luther W. Lyles, Robert E. Crans, Bennie A. Shupe, James T. Kane, James N. Luther, James G. Holman, Earl H. Reamer and Peter N. Sabo were captured and later released by the Soviets on July 7, 1958. This aircraft was reported to be the personal aircraft of Allen Dulles, then director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The C-118 had carried senior CIA aides to Europe on an inspection trip, and it was in Turkey when it was diverted.
2 September 1958 A US Air Force C-130A Hercules (60-528) of the 7406 CSS, flying from Adana Turkey, was shot down near Sasnashen, Soviet Armenia, about 55 kilometers northwest of the Armenian capital of Yerevan by Soviet MiG-17 Fresco pilots Gavrilov, Ivanov, Kucheryaev and Viktor Lopatkov. The C-130 was a Sun Valley SIGINT aircraft. The remains of John E. Simpson, Rudy J. Swiestra, Edward J. Jeruss and Ricardo M. Vallareal were returned to the US on September 24, 1958. The remains of the other crew members, Paul E. Duncan, George P. Petrochilos, Arthur L. Mello, Leroy Price, Robert J. Oshinskie, Archie T. Bourg Jr., James E. Fergueson, Joel H. Fields, Harold T. Kamps, Gerald C. Maggiacomo, Clement O. Mankins, Gerald H. Medeiros and Robert H. Moore were recovered in 1998.
1 July 1960 A US Air Force ERB-47H Stratojet (53-4281) of the 38th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron, 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, flying over the Barents Sea was downed by Soviet pilot Vasili Poliakov, flying a MiG-15 Fagot. Co-pilot Bruce Olmstead and navigator John McKone survived and were taken captive. The pilot, Bill Palm and ELINT operators Eugene Posa, Oscar Goforth and Dean Phillips were killed. Olmstead and McKone were released from Soviet captivity on January 25th, 1961. Bill Palm's remains were returned to the US on July 25, 1960. Eugene Posa's remains were recovered by the Soviets, but never returned to the US.
10 March 1964 A US Air Force RB-66 Destroyer from the 10 TRW, based at Toul-Rosieres France, was shot down over East Germany by Soviet MiGs. The aircraft was shot down near Gardelegen, after straying out of one of the Berlin air corridors. The three crew members, David Holland, Melvin Kessler and Harold Welch parachuted to safety and were released several days later.
15 April 1969 While flying a patrol mission over the Sea of Japan, a US Navy EC-121M of VQ-1 (BuNo 135749) was attacked and shot down by two North Korean MiG-17 Fresco fighters 90 miles off the coast of Korea. All 31 crew members, James H. Overstreet, James L. Roach, John Dzema, John H. Potts, Dennis B. Gleason, Louis F. Balderman, Peter P. Perrottet, Richard H. Kincaid, John H. Singer, Dennis J. Horrigan, Robert F. Taylor, Frederick A. Randall, Robert J. Sykora, Stephen J. Tesmer, Norman E. Wilkerson, Hugh M. Lynch, Marshall H. McNamara, Gene K. Graham, Laverne A. Greiner, David M. Willis, Richard E. Smith, Gary R. Ducharme, Ballard F. Connors Jr., John A. Miller Jr., Stephen C. Chartier, Philip D. Sundby, Bernie J. Colgin, Richard Prindle, Timothy H. McNeil, Richard E. Sweeney and Joseph R. Ribar, were all killed in the attack. Two bodies and some wreckage was recovered by search vessels.
GARY POWERS
Rudolf Anderson Jr. (September 15, 1927 – October 27, 1962), was a pilot and commissioned officer in the United States Air Force and the first recipient of the Air Force Cross, the U.S. Air Force's second-highest award for heroism. The only person killed by enemy fire during the Cuban Missile Crisis, Anderson died when his U-2 spy aircraft was shot down over Cuba.
Posted in Aviation, Military, Odd Facts, USAF, Veterans, WarTagged aviation, aviation mishap, B-26, C-118, C-130, comabt, ERB-47H, F-15, MiG17, military, RB-57, RB-66, U-2Leave a Comment on When the Cold War was Hot
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The Burney Baronetcy, of Preston Candover in the County of Southampton, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 27 January 1921 for Admiral of the Fleet Sir Cecil Burney. He was second-in-command of the Grand Fleet from 1914 to 1916 and Second Sea Lord from 1916 to 1917. He was succeeded by his only son, the second baronet. He was an aeronautical engineer and Conservative politician. His son, the third baronet, was a businessman and a member of the legislative councils of Rhodesia and Zambia. As of 2007 the title is held by the latter's eldest son, the fourth baronet, who succeeded in 2002.

Burney baronets, of Preston Candover (1921)
Sir Cecil Burney, 1st Baronet (1858–1929)
Sir (Charles) Dennistoun Burney, 2nd Baronet (1888–1968)
Sir Cecil Dennistoun Burney, 3rd Baronet (1923–2002)
Sir Nigel Dennistoun Burney, 4th Baronet (born 1959)

References

www.thepeerage.com

Burney

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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GOP's Blaine Young on Immigration Film Road Trip
Published Sep 24, 2012 at 7:18 AM | Updated at 7:41 AM EDT on Sep 24, 2012
Republican gubernatorial hopeful Blaine Young is hitting the road with a film critical of undocumented immigrants.
The Frederick County Board of Commissioners president is co-hosting a screening in Hagerstown Monday of the documentary, "They Come to America." Frederick County Sheriff Chuck Jenkins and filmmaker Dennis Lynch also planned to attend.
Young is raising money for a possible run for governor.
He and Jenkins screened the film last month in Frederick for more than 400 people. It's about the cost of illegal immigration in dollars and lost job opportunities for Americans.
Young and Jenkins have striven to make Frederick County inhospitable to illegal immigrants through measures that include making English the county's official language.
Jenkins' deputies are authorized by federal authorities to check the immigration status of criminal suspects.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Oil major Shell and trading house Gunvor will supply Pakistan with 120 liquefied natural gas (LNG) cargoes between 2016 and 2020 after both companies submitted the lowest offers in two highly sought after tenders, trade sources said.
Pakistan State Oil company on November 9 launched two tenders seeking 60 cargoes each for delivery during the period.
Shell's offered price to PSO at 13.83 per cent of the price of a barrel of crude oil for the 60-cargo LNG supply was the lowest among companies vying for the business, making it the likely winner, trade sources with knowledge of the matter said. The likely winner of Pakistan's parallel 60-cargo supply tender is trading house Gunvor, which offered a delivered price of 13.37 per cent of a barrel of crude oil, traders said.
A global glut in gas supplies has caused spot LNG prices to plunge, prompting some countries to take advantage of the cheap supplies to become importers for the first time.


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Trump Tower fire victim called 'crazy Jew' by Prez, friend says – NY Daily News
He died in the home he hated, in a building owned by a man who apparently hated him.
Todd Brassner, a 67-year-old art dealer who lost his life Saturday in the Trump Tower fire, despised building owner Donald Trump, a friend of the victim told the Daily News. The feeling was evidently mutual, with now-President Trump allegedly calling Brassner a "crazy Jew" soon after the art dealer moved into the Fifth Ave. high-rise more than two decades ago, Brassner pal Patrick Goldsmith said Sunday.
A fellow art dealer, Goldsmith said he heard the vile remark in 1996 as he entered the building and passed by the exiting Trump. Goldsmith, who like Brassner opposes the President, took the opportunity to glance at Trump's petite hands — which gained notoriety in the late 1980s and suffered another wave of scrutiny during the 2016 presidential campaign.
Trump reportedly became enraged when he caught Goldsmith staring and demanded the gawker's identity from his doorman, Goldsmith said. The doorman said Goldsmith was headed to the 50th floor to see Brassner.
"Oh, that crazy Jew?" Trump asked, according to Goldsmith.
The nonobservant Brassner later dismissed the comment, joking, "I'm a Hebrew, I'm not a Jew," when Goldsmith divulged what happened.
"Apparently he already had a go-round with him about something," Goldsmith, 64, said, adding Brassner was annoyed by an overflowing sink in his home.
"I would've probably gone nuts on him," said Goldsmith, who lives in Plainsboro, N.J., and owns PDG Art Gallery, which has multiple locations in Manhattan.
Goldsmith said he met Brassner, a music lover, in 1990 at a club near the United Nations. Trump adores his eldest daughter, Ivanka, who converted to Orthodox Judaism when she married Jared Kushner in 2009. Moreover, Trump trusts the pair implicitly and has brought both his daughter and Kushner into the inner circle of his administration.
But Trump's own recent history with Jews is rife with controversy, with many offended that he didn't rebuff former Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke's support for his presidential run and critics claiming he hasn't done enough to condemn anti-Semitism.
The President took heat a year ago when he issued a statement commemorating International Holocaust Remembrance Day that strangely left out any reference to the 6 million Jews the Nazis slaughtered.
Several months later, Trump faced backlash for claiming there were "some very fine people" among the white supremacists who marched in the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Va.
The White House criticized The News' report Sunday night, without acknowledging Brassner's death.
"Basing a front-page story maligning the President solely on a decades-old unverified claim by a critic of the President — whose own family members are Jewish — is absurd," said Raj Shah, White House principal deputy press secretary.
Meanwhile, Brassner's indifference about Trump apparently grew to an ever-deepening hatred after the mogul ran for and became President.
By this year, Brassner was desperate to move out of his apartment — but he couldn't get the $2.5 million pad off his hands.
Deadly fire at Trump Tower
"He hated living at Trump Tower. He talked about not living there almost nonstop," said Rachael Cain, a close friend of Brassner's who lives in Chicago.
"He thought that (Trump) was the worst thing for our country," Cain added, "not caring about environmental issues — a horrible, lowlife human being."
It took firefighters just over two hours to bring Saturday's four-alarm blaze, which began in Brassner's sprawling apartment, under control.
Fire marshals were combing his charred apartment Sunday looking for the cause, which sources said initially appears to be accidental.
By Sunday evening, Trump had tweeted praise for the firefighters, attacked Syrian President Bashar Assad and thrown punches at former President Barack Obama.
But he hadn't said a word about Brassner.
"Fire at Trump Tower is out. Very confined (well built building). Firemen (and women) did a great job. THANK YOU!" he tweeted Saturday, before it was known that Brassner had died. He didn't tweet an update about Brassner's fate.
The dead man's friends fumed.
"How cold of Trump to make no mention of Todd," said Cain, the head of house music label Trax Records.
The stress of living at the Fifth Ave. tower took a huge toll on the art dealer when Trump announced his campaign in 2015, friends recalled.
"He said, 'I have to get out of here,' a few times before and after the election," recalled Bernard Joseph, a 58-year-old bass player who lived with Brassner for several years in the 1990s.
Brassner often complained about waiting for hours to get into the building whenever Trump was in town.
"It was like a nightmare for him," Cain said. "He was very depressed."
In 2015, Brassner filed for bankruptcy.
"The limited support of his family coupled with his medical problems caused the debtor to fall into arrears on his mortgage, credit card payments and line of credit payments," the filing says.
The value of condos at Trump Tower dropped dramatically due to the recession and still hadn't rebounded by last year, The Wall Street Journal reported — bringing Brassner even more agitation.
"He really wanted to sell (his apartment), but the value had gone so far down," Cain said.
As a young man, Brassner was close friends with Andy Warhol and sold many of the famed artist's paintings, including a 1967 self-portrait that went for $601,000 in 2007.
"He was just so much fun, so full of life," Cain mused. "He had an incredible art collection."
Warhol mentioned Brassner several times in his autobiography.
In December 1976, the two men grabbed lunch at Warhol's Factory, in Manhattan, according to "The Andy Warhol Diaries."
Brassner was born into a family of wealthy art dealers. His father, Jules Brassner, owned a Madison Ave. gallery in the 1970s, according to a New York Times report.
The elder Brassner was arrested in 1971 after police and FBI agents discovered $70,000 worth of stolen paintings at his gallery, The Times reported back then.
Brassner's brother Howard currently runs Art Link International, a gallery in Palm Beach, Fla., according to the Palm Beach Post.
Brassner's family declined to comment Sunday. Todd Brassner, the single fatality in Saturday's inferno, was found unconscious and died hours later at Mount Sinai West hospital, authorities said.
FDNY Commissioner Daniel Nigro noted the blaze was harder to fight because the building's residential floors lacked sprinklers and fire was on the 50th floor.
"He really was a sweet man," a grieving Goldsmith said, bitterly adding, "He deserved better."
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On – 09 Apr, 2018 By Esha Ray
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Traveling for the holidays? SC bridge closure leads to 20-mile detour
The South Carolina Department of Transportation says it will close a bridge for nearly a month for emergency repairs.
Updated: 10:03 AM EST Dec 17, 2018
WEBVTT MILLION PEOPLE WILL BE TRAVELING THIS WEEK ALONE. THE HOLIDAY RUSH IS ALREADY UNDERWAY, MILLIONS HITTING THE ROADS IN TAKING TO THE AIR. AAA EXPECT THE ROADS TO BE THE BUSIEST SINCE 2005. >> IT IS A ROBUST ECONOMY LEAVING PEOPLE WITH MORE DISCRETIONARY INCOME TO MY DISCRETIONARY SPENDING, THE VAST MAJORITY OF PEOPLE WILL BE TRAVELING BY CAR SO WE WANT TO BE MINDFUL OF THAT BUT WE ARE SEEING GAS PRICES COME DOWN. KIM: AND THAT MEANS TRAFFIC ESPECIALLY TODAY AND TOMORROW. VETERAN TRAVELERS KNOW THE SECRET TO BEATING IT. >> IF YOU LEAVE EARLY ENOUGH, IS NOT BAD. KIM: GET TO THE AIRPORT TWO HOURS BEFORE YOUR FLIGHT. >> ESPECIALLY IF YOU HAVE TO CHECK LUGGAGE BECAUSE YOU NEVER KNOW HOW LONG THE LINE WILL BE AT THE TICKET COUNTER AND YOU HAVE TO COME INTO THE LINE FOR THE CHECKPOINT WHICH YOU NEVER KNOW HOW LONG THAT WILL BE EITHER. >> IT IS PRETTY CRAZY. KIM: TRAVELERS SAY THE KEY TO GETTING THROUGH IS TO KNOW WHAT YOU CAN AND CANNOT BRING IN YOUR CARRY-ON. >> THE TSA RULES ARE SOMEWHAT DISRUPTIVE TO A SMOOTH TRAVEL DAY. IF YOU EDUCATE YOURSELF PRIOR TO TRAVEL, AND YOU ARE AWARE OF WHAT CAN AND CANNOT BE CARRIED ON, IT MAKES FOR AN EASIER DAY. KIM: NO MATTER HOW YOU TRAVEL, LEAVE EARLY, BE PATIENT, AND EXPECT DELAYS. >> HAVE STUFF TO DO IN THE CAR FOR YOUR KIDS, HAVE FOOD AND SNACKS WHEN YOU'RE STUCK IN TRAFFIC. THAT WILL HELP. KIM: FOR MORE ON WHAT TSA REQUIREMENTS ARE, YOU CAN FIND A LINK
WATCH: Experts expect roads to be busiest since 2005 for holiday travelEASLEY, S.C. (AP) — The South Carolina Department of Transportation says it will close a bridge between Greenville and Pickens for nearly a month for emergency repairs.Officials say the state Highway 183 bridge over the Saluda River has a pair of 2-foot (61-centimeter) holes in its concrete substructure.The bridge will be closed starting Jan. 2.DOT resident construction engineer Joe Laws told The Greenville News the holes are caused by normal wear and tear. The bridge was built in 1954.Laws says the closure will be an inconvenience. The DOT is setting up a 20-mile (32-kilometer) long detour to the next crossing downstream on Saluda Dam Road.
WATCH: Experts expect roads to be busiest since 2005 for holiday travel
EASLEY, S.C. (AP) — The South Carolina Department of Transportation says it will close a bridge between Greenville and Pickens for nearly a month for emergency repairs.
Officials say the state Highway 183 bridge over the Saluda River has a pair of 2-foot (61-centimeter) holes in its concrete substructure.
The bridge will be closed starting Jan. 2.
DOT resident construction engineer Joe Laws told The Greenville News the holes are caused by normal wear and tear. The bridge was built in 1954.
Laws says the closure will be an inconvenience. The DOT is setting up a 20-mile (32-kilometer) long detour to the next crossing downstream on Saluda Dam Road.


Brass accents, textured pillows, round tables and tailored furniture are among the home decor trends on display in this black-and-white-themed space.
Want to redecorate? Here's some on-trend inspiration.
Emerald Hill Interior owners Jackie Bayer and Sadie Johnson agree, and Bayer adds that she likes to soften the look with one or two interesting design elements that pop, so the overall effect won't be too harsh.
Home design is more than simply decorating a space — it's about making it more livable. Homeowners increasingly approach the task from a functional standpoint, thinking about how they actually use their rooms, not just how they want them to look.
Round tables, like this one in the home of Bill and Anna Leonhardt, are on trend this season.
As technology evolves, so do the ways we incorporate it into our homes.
Pardoe anticipates this trend only growing over the next few years. "It'll be even bigger, with people being able to control everything from their phones, from locks to lights," she says.
At the same time, that means thinking about how to hide cords and plugs, and how to incorporate technology into the rooms where it will make people's lives smoother.
Over the past decade or so, advances in textiles have done wonders for the world of outdoor fabrics. Today, there are so many great outdoor options that homeowners are opting to use them inside.
"The outdoor fabrics you think of from 10 or 15 years ago are completely different now," says Pardoe. Today's fabrics are softer and available in a wider range of patterns. And since they are made for outdoor conditions, the new fabrics stand up to even the heaviest use indoors.
Fabrics aren't the only thing designers are bringing inside this season. Emerald Hill's Bayer and Johnson like to blur the lines between inside and out by incorporating natural textures, plants and flowers. Accessories made with wood, shell, horn, bone, woven grass and leather add visual and tactile interest.
Instead of mass-produced accessories, the duo recommends their clients decorate with plants and flowers to infuse spaces with energy and make it easy to keep the look fresh at all times.
After nearly 40 years of stainless steel, nickel and chrome reigning over the interior design industry, brass has returned as a coveted of-the-moment element.
Trish Albano, owner and designer at Trish Albano Interiors in Mount Airy, notes the softer, subtler look of the new and improved brass. "The brass of today is not the brass you may remember from the '80s," she says. "Most brass that was popular back then was very shiny with a lacquered finish." This time, brass has a richer color with brown undertones, not yellow, and can be intentionally left untreated to develop a unique patina.
Albano suggests pairing brass with other metals, which creates an "acquired-over-time" look instead of "matchy-matchy," she says. She also recommends dark wood and caramel leather as complementary materials. The key to staying on-trend is using brass in moderation. Whether it's in drawer pulls, a light fixture or a kitchen faucet, a little brass goes a long way.
But proceed with caution when mixing metals: "I think of it as the same as mixing wood — think of them as different colors," she says.
Black metals are as hot as they are cool this season.
"Some people are a bit hesitant at first, but we're seeing it more now," says Pardoe.
Miller is also a fan of the cool, flat metal look, especially in the bath, where it adds an unexpected element to vanities. "Black shower hardware and faucets are striking against natural stone," she says.
Aaron and Mallory Lembo love living in the middle of the city, on a busy street near Patterson Park. They thrive on the hustle and bustle of the urban environment and the closeness of their neighbors.
Homeowners are all about experimenting with diverse combinations of materials and layering colors and textures to create spaces that are unique, personal and warm, say designers. Michelle Miller says modern spaces with clean lines look most relevant when "warmed up" with natural woods and antique rugs. They "soften the hard edge of modern interiors of the past," she says.
Taking the layering approach also allows homeowners to inject more of their personalities into a space — and personality is always in style, says Miller.
Serena & Lily's brass ring table lamp makes a statement using negative space. The simple ivory parchment shade ensures that the lamp works for a multitude of styles. 13.5 inches by 8.5 inches by 21 inches. $595, serenaandlily.com.
Lawson-Fenning's thin frame lounge chair puts a contemporary twist on a timeless design. The chair's antiqued brass finish is complemented by a tufted suede seat in a neutral beige color. 30 by 28 by 27 inches. Starting at $1,685, lawsonfenning.com.


Best airfare and ticket deals for ABE to GSP flights are based on recent deals found by Expedia.com customers.
Distance and aircraft type by airline for flights from Lehigh Valley International Airport to Greenville–Spartanburg International Airport.
The most recently built aircraft flying from ABE to GSP in 2009 was Canadair's CRJ-2/4 flown by Atlantic Southeast. The CRJ-2/4 took flight for the first time in 1997.
Way back in 2009, 49 passengers flew from Allentown to Greenville. Today, this number has significantly increased.
In 2009, we learned that Atlantic Southeast flew around 49 passengers from ABE to GSP.
In 2009, the following group of quality airline carriers offer flights from Allentown, PA to Greenville, SC: Atlantic Southeast.
The longest flying aircraft flying from Allentown, PA to Greenville, SC during the 2009 year was a Canadair's CRJ-2/4 flown by Atlantic Southeast.
Scan through flights from Lehigh Valley International Airport (ABE) to Greenville–Spartanburg International Airport (GSP) for the upcoming week. Sort the list by any column, and click on a dollar sign to see the latest prices available for each flight.
Whether it's for an obligation or the sake of your sanity, sometimes you need to get away. Maybe you need flights from Allentown to Greenville to attend your cousin's wedding, to pitch a business idea to your boss, or perhaps simply to treat yourself to a mini vacation. Regardless of the reasons behind packing your bags and needing to find the cheapest flights from ABE to GSP, we've got you covered here at Flights.com.
We present you with some of the hottest deals on airfare so stop that Google flights search. We want you to spend less on your flight from Allentown to Greenville, so you can spend more during your getaway. With Flights.com, you'll find it simple to land airline tickets with itineraries matching your travel schedule. What's more, we provide you with all the information you need to confidently make reservations on your family, business, or personal trip.


Below you will find a description of each type of application that is included in Undergraduate Studies at CSU. Each application that is submitted requires a non-refundable application fee of $40. Once an application is submitted, it will be considered incomplete until all required items are received.
Traditional Freshman Student - students who have graduated high school within the last 5 years and have less than 30 transferable college credit hours or no college credit hours and meet minimum test scores and a core GPA of a 2.5.
Recent graduates should request transcripts to be submitted electronically.
Homeschool applicants should submit the Supplemental Homeschool Application (PDF) along with the above-mentioned items.
Your immunization record and a form of lawful presence must be submitted prior to the start of your first term.
Georgia's new dual enrollment program allows high school students to earn college credit while working on their high school diploma.
Adult Learners or Non-traditional students - students who graduated high school more than 5 years ago and are applying with no previous college credit hours.
The ACCUPLACER exam is a placement exam that measures skills in English, reading, and math. More information can be found by visiting the Columbus State Testing Center website.
English 1101 or 1102 with a grade of C or better will exempt ACCUPLACER in Reading and Writing.
Any 1000 level Area A math with a grade of C or better will exempt ACCUPLACER in Math.
Transient Students - students who are enrolled in one college or university and would like to complete courses temporarily (1 semester within an academic year) at Columbus State University.
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Please savor authentic japanese spider crab at Marukichi.
Japanese spider crab is a large crab that lives in the depths of the coastal waters of Japan. It is mainly caught by deep sea trawl fishing with trawlers and deep sea cage net fishing. The best way to eat japanese spider crab to experience its deliciousness is by steaming. This makes the fat of the crab less likely to dissolve and so you can eat it with its deliciousness retained. The fat of japanese spider crab has a very rich and deep creamy flavor. This is an exquisite dish with a deliciousness distinguished from other crabs. The deliciousness is condensed by cooking and eating its legs while you can enjoy a mild and refreshing taste by eating it as sashimi. We also recommend tempura which mixes the japanese spider crab's deliciousness and natural saltiness.
The reliable eyes, abilities and experience of skilled chefs are required to cook japanese spider crabs for which each one has a different meat quality and taste. First, please make sure to savor authentic giant spider crab at Marukichi.
I want to eat giant spider crab!
Why do you steam giant spider crabs whole?
This is related to the fat of the crab. Unlike red king crab and snow crab, giant spider crabs have large amounts of fat. Therefore, it is necessary to cook over time to protect the quantity and quality of this fat. The benefit of steaming giant crabs whole is that it is possible to provide them with their deliciousness retained without their fat having dissolved.
What is the taste of the fat of japanese spider crab like?
The steamed fat is rich in taste and deliciousness. Depending on the crab, the fat may also have a slightly bitter taste. The quantity of this fat is so large it cannot be compared to other crabs. The color varies depending on the crab, but ranges from dark brown to yellow. If you like crab fat, please savor the mellow fat of japanese spider crab.
The most common way to eat japanese spider crab is to steam it. We think this is the best way to eat it and understand the deliciousness of japanese spider crab. The next best way is to cook and eat its legs. This condenses the deliciousness of japanese spider crab and is quite good. Another way to eat it is as tempura. This tastes great because it mixes the japanese spider crab's deliciousness and natural saltiness. Japanese spider crab sashimi has a mild and refreshing taste. In addition, it is also possible to scoop out the meat and use it as the filling of steamed buns, croquette or pounded fish cake.
The quality of the meat, and the flavor, color and quality of the fat of japanese spider crab depend on the season in which it is caught and where it is caught. It becomes possible to catch japanese spider crab with plenty of fat when it becomes cold again. The most reliable way to eat good tasting japanese spider crab is to stock up on information in advance and make a reservation.
I want to learn about giant spider crab!
When japanese spider crabs are caught, there is mysteriously little mixing between males and females. They tend to be either all males or all females. If you catch a male, it is likely all the others will be male; if you catch a female, it is likely all the others will be female. It seems that males and females do not hang around each other much.
It is said that giant spider crabs have a very slow growth rate. They shed their shells several times a year when they are young. However, as they get older, the number of times they shed their shells decreases. They stop shedding their shells altogether once they reach a certain size and age. Nevertheless, giant spider crabs with an overall length in the three meter class are caught a number of times a year!
Japanese spider crabs are mainly caught by deep sea trawl fishing with trawlers and deep sea cage net fishing. Trawl fishing grounds are at a depth of about 200 to 400 meters and the crabs are caught together with deep sea shrimp and deep sea fish (September to May). In cage fishing, bait such as the tuna heads are put inside large cages and then dropped to a depth of 400 to 600 meters. Compared with trawl fishing, this is extremely deep. (The fishing season is short – from December to February.) Japanese spider crabs are also slightly different to trawl fishing crabs.
Deep sea fish are very precious. It is necessary to make a reservation and it depends on the stock on the day as to whether or not it will be possible to serve them. One of the real pleasures of Marukichi is deciding on the menu after dropping by to ask about stock and recommendations.
This is the most popular item on our menu. We steam a fresh giant spider crab caught at Toda Harbor so you can taste plenty of its tender meat and rich fat. Steaming it whole allows us to serve it with its deliciousness retained without its fat having dissolved.
*The images are for illustrative purposes only.
Delicious as Sashimi, Tempura or Grilled!
This has a refreshing flavor and mildness.
This is an exquisite mix of the great taste inherent in giant spider crab and the natural saltiness.
This has a deep taste that condenses the deliciousness of giant spider crab.
This is a reasonably priced service menu that comes with giant spider crab, boat-wrap sushi, a vinegared dish, rice and soup. We recommend a whole giant spider crab if you wish to savor it.
This is only available in a limited quantity. This is croquette with plenty of giant spider crab. This provides deliciousness that spreads out over your whole mouth with a crunchy texture. This is a recommended dish.
This is a bargain dish with plenty of giant spider crab, shrimp, deep sea sillago and vegetable tempura.
Japanese spider crabs inhabit the deep sea around the coast of Japan and are caught mainly by trawlers with their dragnet fishing.
The best way of cooking spider crabs to bring out their deliciousness is steaming and roasting in a covered pan. This helps the crab butter not to melt away from the crust and keep its good flavor and taste. The crab butter (also called crab innards) of spider crabs is exquisite for its rich and creamy taste, therefore makes the spider crabs very unique and different from all the other kinds of crabs.
You can enjoy the crab paw meat either by roasting it for more enriched taste or by sashimi for more natural and fresh taste. Tempura, the deep fried crab paw meat, is also recommended to enjoy its flavor mixed with its natural salty taste.
Since each individual spider crab has its own meat quality and taste, the keen eyes, reliable skills and the rich experience of the expert cooks make a big difference in cooking the crabs.
Above all, please come to Marukichi and try our spider crabs, the best Japanese spider crabs that you can ever meet.
There inhabit various kinds of deep-sea fish in Suruga Bay, the deepest bay of Japan, within its abundant ocean resources. Deep-sea fish such as rossy seabass which is excellent for sashimi or simmered dish, dottyback that is sweet and rich in nutritious fat and greeneyes which is best when marinated and deep fried are highly praised by many people that their unique appearances contradict their fabulous taste.
Please come and enjoy the rare, fine delicacy of deep-sea fish caught from the Suruga Bay, one of the most famous deep-sea fish spots of Japan.
This course is a large satisfying meal with a wide variety of seafood.
※The picture is showing a course serving for two. We take orders of this course from two guests.
Sashimi of various seasonal fresh seafood caught in Suruga Bay such as deep-sea fish and other local fish and prawn in sashimi are served on top of a bowl of vinegared rice.
Served with miso soup and vinegared dish.
This is a big set meal including tempura of the local spider crab, combination sashimi platter of fresh local fish, other small dishes, miso soup and a dessert.
The croquettes are filled with plenty of spider crab meat. You can enjoy both the crispy texture of the croquette and the excellent flavor of the crab. Please note that the croquettes are limited in quantity.


As I mentioned earlier, issuing a command to generate a CSR or a self-signed certificate will cause OpenSSL to ask a series of questions about the information to be placed in the certificate. The importance of how accurate the information is will vary depending on the type of the certificate and its purpose. If it's just a test certificate, the information is of little importance, but if it's for a CSR that you intend to have signed by a CA then the accuracy of the information is extremely important.
The following is a list of the fields which OpenSSL is likely to ask about. If you're using the standard command-line interface to do this then you will see that OpenSSL will name the fields that need filling in by their full textual name; however, I'll also give you the common abbreviations by which the fields are also known in case you're doing this via a Web host control panel and the fields are marked by their abbreviations only.
A capitalized two-letter country code for you or your organization. For example, UK, RO, DE, etc.
The name of the state or province for you or your organization in full textual form. For example, Quebec, Gaza, Alaska, etc.
The name of the city or town for you or your organization in full textual form. For example Edinburgh, Stockholm, Ulooloo, etc.
The name of your organization/company/domain in full textual form.
The name of the organization's department in full textual form.
Regardless of the type of certificate you intend to obtain or the purpose for which you intend to use it, this field is of critical importance. This field must contain the exact domain name for which it will be used including the subdomain part. If the subdomain does not match then it will still be possible to use the certificate, but another one of those large warning messages will be presented to the user. So if you have www.domainname.com as the CN in the certificate and a user connects to domainname.com (without the www). then the domain names will be considered as non-matching and the warning will be issued; however, if the main domain part of the domain name does not match then it is unlikely that Apache will even start at all. So make certain that you specify the correct subdomain and that the domain name is completely free of typos.
Even in its abbreviated form it's pretty obvious what this field is for. Assuming that they exist, good choices would be webmaster@domainname.com or admin@domainname.com.
Once you have your certificate you need to configure Apache to make use of it. The standard configuration process is simple, but it's one of those areas where control panels often add unnecessary complexity, which can create confusion.
To configure Apache the normal way you need to make a few small edits to two configuration files. The edits will differ very slightly depending on whether you're using version 2.x or 1.x of Apache. For both versions of Apache, you make the same changes to the SSL configuration file, but users of Apache 2 will also need to make a single change to the main httpd.conf configuration file: simply uncommenting a line in the file. Users of Apache 1.x won't have to make any changes to the main config file, but they will need to use a slighty different command to start Apache.
The main SSL configuration file, ssl.conf or httpd-ssl.conf, needs only two lines to be changed. The first line to change begins with SSLCertificateFile. The line may already have an example file path set, but be commented out with a #. Just remove the comment marker and replace the example file path with the file path to your certificate that you've just obtained. You treat the second line in the same way: removing the comment and replacing the example file path with your actual one. The second line that you'll want to change is the SSLCertificateKeyFile line. You must use this line to specify the file path to the key that you used to create the certificate or CSR.
The next step depends on which version of Apache you use. Users of Apache 1.x won't need to make any more configuration changes and should stop Apache from running and then start it again using the apachectl startssl command instead of apachectl start. It's most likely that your installation of Apache will be started by an init script. If this is the case, I strongly recommend that you edit your init script to use the startssl variant. If you don't know what an init script is, it would be a good idea to ask your hosting provider to do it for you. Just tell them that you want it to use the startssl startup command.
If you're using Apache 2.x, then you shouldn't need to bother with init scripts and using different commands. Just go into your main httpd.conf file and find the line that says something like: #Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf (most likely right at the very bottom of the file) and remove the comment character at the beginning of the line. Save the changes, restart Apache and you should be good to go.
If you're using a control panel to manage your host then there isn't a great deal of advice I can give. I've noticed that Apache configuration tends to be one of the most unreliably supported aspects of Web host control. It's not uncommon for it to be missing. In other cases it might be there, but presented in a disorganized manner with an awkward UI (user interface). If you're lucky, you might have the actual Apache config file available in a large text area which can be used to edit the file and be able to save it there. If that's the case then you can simply follow the setps outlined above. If not, then you're going to have to ask your hosting provider to make the changes for you.
Once you've made the changes to the config files and restarted Apache, you should be able to connect via https to whichever domain you specified in the certificate without any issues. If you have a self-signed certificate, your browser will bring up a large warning about the certificate, but if you tell your browser to accept/install/import/add an exception for the certificate you should then be able to connect as normal. If you have a CA-signed certificate, your browser will trust the certificate automatically. In either case, you're good to go.


text:
F Home
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F Mixminion
The Free Haven Project aims to deploy a system for distributed data storage robust against attempts by powerful adversaries to find and destroy stored data. Free Haven uses a secure mixnet for communication, and it emphasizes distributed, reliable, and anonymous storage over efficient retrieval. Some of the problems Free Haven addresses include providing sufficient accountability without sacrificing anonymity, building trust between servers based entirely on their observed behavior, and providing user interfaces that will make the system easy for end-users.
The Free Haven Project intends to deploy a system that provides a good infrastructure for anonymous publication. Specifically, this means that the publisher of a given document should not be known; that clients requesting the document should not have to identify themselves to anyone; and that the current location of the document should not be known. Additionally, it would be preferable to limit the number of opportunities where an outsider can show that a given document passed through a given computer. We present a more thorough examination of our requirements and notions of anonymity, and compare them to the anonymity requirements of a number of related works.
The overall design is based on a community of servers (which as a whole is termed the `servnet') where each server hosts data from the other servers in exchange for the opportunity to store data of its own in the servnet. When an author wishes to publish a document, she breaks the document into shares, where a subset (any k of n) is sufficient to reconstruct the document, and then for each share, negotiates for some server to publish that share on the servnet. The servers then trade shares around behind the scenes. When a reader wishes to retrieve a document from the servnet, she requests it from any server, including a location and key which can be used to deliver the document in a private manner. This server broadcasts the request to all other servers, and those which are holding shares for that document encrypt them and deliver them to the reader's location. Also behind the scenes, the shares employ what is essentially the `buddy system' to maintain some accountability: servers which drop shares or are otherwise unreliable get noticed after a while, and are trusted less. A trust module on each server maintains a database of each other server, based on past direct experience and also what other servers have said. For communication both between servers and between the servnet and readers, we rely on an existing mixnet infrastructure to provide an anonymous channel.
The system is designed to store data without concern for its popularity or controversial nature. Possible uses include storing source code or binaries for software which is currently under legal debate, such as the recent DeCSS controversy or other software with patent issues; publishing political speech in an anonymous fashion for people afraid that tying their speech to their public persona will damage their reputation; or even storing more normal-looking data like a set of public records from Kosovo.
Free Haven is designed more for anonymity and persistence of documents than for frequent querying --- we expect that in many cases, interesting material will be retrieved from the system and published in a more available fashion (such as normal web pages) in a jurisdiction where such publishing is more reasonable. Then the document in the servnet would only need to be accessed if the other sources were shut down.
The potential adversaries are many and diverse: governments, corporations, and individuals all have reason to oppose the system. There will be social attacks from citizens and countries trying to undermine the trust in the security of the system, as well as attacking the motivation for servnet node operators to continue running nodes. There will be political attacks, using the influence of a country's leaders to discourage use of the servnet. There will be government and legal attacks, where authorities attempt to shut down servnet nodes or arrest operators. Indeed, in many cases ordinary citizens can recruit the power of the government through lawsuits or subpoenas. Multinational corporations will hold sway over several countries, influencing them to pass similar laws against anonymous networks. There will be technical attacks, both from individuals and from corporations and national intelligence agencies, targetted either at the system as a whole or at particular documents or node operators, to reduce the quality of service or gain control of part of the network. Clearly the system needs to be designed with stability, security, and longevity in mind.
Design Requirements
More formally, requirements beyond anonymity for a stable and useful system fall into two categories:
Required Operations:
The system must provide a mechanism for anonymously inserting a document into the servnet.
The system must provide a mechanism for anonymously retrieving a document from the servnet, including verifying that the retrieved document is identical to the original document.
The system must provide a mechanism for expiring documents: the duration of a document should be decided by the publisher when that document is published to the servnet, and the document should be available (and immutable) until that duration expires.
The system must provide a mechanism for smoothly adding servers to the servnet without impacting functionality.
The system must provide a mechanism for recognizing inactive or dead servers and eventually no longer using or querying them.
The system must be robust: loss of perhaps up to half of the participating servers should not imply loss of any documents. In addition, the amount of damage that compromised or otherwise `evil' nodes can perform should be limited. This might be accomplished by a trust network, where each node actively maintains an opinion of other nodes, and nodes inform each other when they change an opinion.
The system must be simple: complex protocols and heuristics invite security weaknesses. It must be self-contained and based on realistic technological expectations. For instance, we cannot rely on a stable international electronic cash infrastructure.
The system must be modular enough that components can be upgraded in-place without impacting functionality.
The system must be decentralized: to maintain efficiency, security, and reliability, no single server or small subset of the servers should be a bottleneck anywhere in the protocol.
The system must provide flexibility on a per-server level: server operators should be able to decide how paranoid or trusting they are, how many resources to provide to the servnet, etc.
The components upon which the system relies must be free and open source, in the sense that modification and redistribution is explicitly permitted.
The system is content-neutral: popularity or popular opinion of a document should not influence its duration in the servnet.
Our design goals and motivations are somewhat different that most related works. Notice that efficiency is not on the list -- we can afford to have more overhead (both in time and in bandwidth) if we get stronger anonymity and robustness. We assume that there will be some individuals who believe in the goals of the system, recognize its possible benefits, and will donate some services.
By providing tools to enable safer and more reliable communication for organizations fighting for increased rights of individuals, as well as strengthening the capabilities of individuals to speak out anonymously about their situations, the members of the Free Haven Project hope to reinforce the rights of freedom of speech and freedom of information as integral parts of everyday life.
Site last updated on June 12th, 2009.
Check the News section for information on the latest content updates.


text:
What's a nice idea like yours doing in a place like this?
Kangaroos that say "Boing!"
Mail order Hedgehogs
Mock-Tudor polar bears
nessie babies
New Species of Cat
NYC Rat detective
Perpetual Souls
Pigeon sex doll
Python Bot
public:ecology: fauna
GM a new species of domestic cat to reduce feral breeding.
Feral cat colonies are a bit of a problem in many parts of the world. Small colonies are not much of an issue, because cats are somewhat territorial, and a small colony will tend to keep other cats out. Unfortunately, since cats breed, even a small colony can become a very large colony in short order.
The current proceedure is to locate breeding feral cats, capture them, have them fixed, and then re-release them to the wild.
Now that's all well and good, but might there not be a simpler way to do things?
Well, yes, there might. When a horse and a donkey are bred together, the offspring is a mule. Mules are naturally sterile, and cannot reproduce. When a sheep and a goat breed together, the offspring is likewise a sterile hybrid. Again, we see the same pattern, for when a hare and a rabbot breed together, the offspring is a sterile hybrid.
If we could cause a breed of cat to have sufficiently different DNA from that of existing cats, we should be able to produce a new species of cat. Regardless of what the new cat looked like, Regardless of how the DNA changes were made, chances are the new species of cat would be similar enough to existing normal cats that the two would be capable of interbreeding, but would produce sterile offspring.
How do we make this change? Well, I'm no geneticist, but we're not looking for rocket science here. We just want sufficient genetic difference that when the new species and the old species interbreed, there will be sterile offspring. Causing genetic drift can be made possible through selective breeding over generations. Low-level radiation can also induce spontaneous mutations. Tests with fruit flies were able to induce a speciation event in this way. I suppose that with cats, it should be just as easy, although a somewhat longer process. I've heard that very small glass pipettes can be used to suck chromosomes out of cells during meitosis or meiosis. Maybe we could use that to mix and match a bit between species, but really, suggesting GM that involves anything of that nature is probably overkill, and out of my specialty range anyway.
Now, once such a new species is created, and supposing that it looks enough like a regular cat that the two species breed indiscriminantly, we will have a new era of feral cat control.
In the early stages, not much would happen, as there are far more of the old cats. However, policies, and legislations could start to discriminate against old cat species, so that in risky areas, the populations of new cats VS old cats could rapidly equalize.
At risk areas (such as Hawaii) could mandate that only new cat species could be brought in as un-fixed for a period of time, they could forbid the sale or purchase of old cat species, allow no-kill animal shelters to accept only new species cats, etc. As the old species of cat gets old, or are caught and euthanized in the non no-kill animal shelters, the two species would soon be more or less evenly distributed. Feral cat colonies would be composed of both, or either species. Obviously, the feral cat colonies composed of only one species would continue to have problems as ussual, but the mixed species colonies would interbreed, producing sterile offspring, which would slow the rate of population explosion among these colonies.
Admittedly, it's a long way to go for a small improvement, but feral cats are a pretty serious issue in some areas.
— ye_river_xiv, Mar 06 2009
New species http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7919495.stm
Ugly bat boy. [theleopard, Mar 06 2009]
May I assist at all? I am a bit or a weirdo and I do enjoy sex. The offer is there if you care to take me up on it.
— The Kat, Mar 06 2009
Life will find a way.
— Smurfsahoy, Mar 06 2009
In theory this isn't so hard. IIRC the reason while mules are sterile is because donkeys and horses have different numbers of chromosomes from each other. It should be possible, then, to add a chromosome or two onto cat dna. That would have side effects, of course, ranging from at worst miscarriage to some kind of cat down syndrome or something, I'm not a scientist. And these would probably just look like ordinary cats, which would be a problem.
— Spacecoyote, Mar 06 2009
//And these would probably just look like ordinary cats,//
Couldn't they add in one of those glow-in-the-dak genes?
— coprocephalous, Mar 06 2009
There are species which are separated as a result of factors such as size or behaviour. Breeding cats whose genitalia are either much smaller or much larger than previously, or the whole animal for that matter, might be one way of doing it. One way of doing that would be to spay all cats which aren't Maine Coons. However, Maine Coons have serious health problems such as cardiomyopathy and joint problems. Both of those in humans are associated with giantism. It also suggests that tinkering with a genome, even by selective breeding rather than genetic engineering, is likely to be a bad move. It would mean that many future domestic cats would be unhealthy, which sounds really bad to me.
The other thing is that cats breed like mad, and i can't imagine a simple way of eliminating feral cats which haven't been bred or modified in this way.
Cats in cities are pests in a sense because they tend to eat lots of small vertebrates. I once saw a goldcrest which had been mauled by a cat. That is really not good. However, unless cats are always kept indoors, which would solve the problem anyway, this is going to happen whether or not the cats are domestic or feral.
— nineteenthly, Mar 06 2009
Too Many Cats. Like all population growth problems this has a simple solution - limit the food source. So just kill off all the small birds and mamals in your area and problem solved.
The same limiting will happen with Human Beings although we tend to overlook this for the short term happiness of having lots of sex.
— eight_nine_tortoise, Mar 06 2009
here, the problem is that too many cats are killing off the small bird and mammals. In small doses, feral cats can be OK, as long as there are no endangered species.
However, with an unlimited number of crazy old ladies, and well-meaning children, feral cats that can cozy up to humans have a virtually endless supply of food.
Sterilization programs tend to be underfunded and slow, so that what would have been a little problem if taken care of rapidly becomes a huge problem that they cannot afford to fully take care of.
With two species of cat interbreeding, and sometimes producing sterile offspring, the rate at which a small problem becomes a large problem is slowed down somewhat.
//The Help file clearly states that genetically modifying animals to do ANYTHING is considered magic and grounds for deletion//
I think that's to cover someone magicing, say, a GM elephant with eagle genes to produce an animal with exceptional memory, eyesight and soaring capabilities, but which is incapable of catching mice.
Not being a geneticist, I'm not sure that this is what's being suggested here, though I'd prefer not to see annos deleted.
I thought the cat in the BBC clip was really nice. There is no such thing as an ugly animal.
— xenzag, Mar 06 2009
If you want to reduce feral breeding stop neutering housecats and start performing vasectomies and tubal-ligations instead. Remember that cared-for housecats are in better physical shape than ferals. Males will go out and take breeding opportunities away from feral cats, and an indoor female cat will attract every single friggin' male cat from miles around... which is an opportunity to grab and vasectomize *them*, or let her out and the feral males will waste their load, so to speak.
I don't suggest this facetiously, nor for most of the world where a balance has already been reached as this would bollocks up the feral/domestic brownian motion somewhat and result in deprecation of the species, just where indigent species are seriously endangered.
— FlyingToaster, Mar 06 2009
Spaying. Are you talking about hysterectomies or what? I didn't find it clear i'm afraid.
Incidentally, my understanding of magic by genetic engineering as in the help file was that if you provided enough detail, it wouldn't be seen as magic. For instance, you could make a lot of things glow with that green fluorescent protein thing, the gene is well-known, it can be incorporated into organisms and it expresses itself in a particular way, so i imagine an original idea based on making animals glow could be convincing, though clichéed.
//hysterectomies?// no, "tubal ligation".(anno edited)
This suggestion has a critical mass problem in the wrong direction - it only works until a lot of people do it.
Those feral cats are offspring of former house cats, right? So, after a few years, all this would do is create two sets of feral cat-like animals that mostly breed amongst their own species. *Especially* if their human hosts take this as an excuse to not spay or neuter their pets.
[OK, what about the magic thing? Tricky. Yes, the genetic details are offensively hazy to people who understand the details and are easily miffed (I'm not a geneticist, but I have a similar experience just about every time someone here tries to describe software). But at least the post's central theme is an aspect that actually has something to do with genetics - the fact that different species rarely have fertile offspring with each other.
Coprocephalous is right, by the way. When I wrote "modifying animals to do anything" in the help file, I meant "anything" in the sense of "whatever you want, even if it's really unlikely to happen", not "anything" in the sense of "every time you genetically modify an animal, even if the modification is perfectly likely, that's considered magic". I'll have to fix that wording. I think 21 Quest read it the second way.]
— jutta, Mar 06 2009
[Jutta], how do you feel about creative interpretation of the help page? Ideas could fall technically into what you wrote but not into the spirit of it. Or, could they do the reverse?
There are several problems with this idea. The first delves into the morals of genetic tinkering, which I'm not about to touch. The obvious problem with this is that you would just end up with two species of feral "cats."
— saprolite, Mar 06 2009
I really don't get this. Yes, you could create mutually inter-sterile populations (quite easily, I'd guess), but so what?
Let me see if I understand this. They don't want feral cats running around, so they catch them, anaestetize them, sterilize them, and release them, yes? Why on earth not just shoot them or, if you think it is less stressful, euthenase them once you've caught them? I completely fail to comprehend the mentality that says "these animals don't belong here, so we'll anaesthetize them, operate and release them; instead of anaesthetizing them and leaving them that way." This is just stoopid and mawkish.
— MaxwellBuchanan, Mar 06 2009
[21 quest,] I deleted your anno for three reasons: 1: because it was insulting to me. In it you stated that I did not understand even the most basic principles of selective breeding. 2: because I felt that the MFD for Magic did not apply, and 3: because a M-F-D comment that does not apply is not a valid point at all.
MFD for magic applies when "the author is using technology they know little about..." which "Imparts superpowers, among them...to make any organic matter do anything (just add genetics)"
First off, the I am not using GM to impart super powers, I am using it to cause a speciation event.
Second off, I am not getting any organic matter to do anything. I am working with a specific organic matter: cats, and I am not trying to make them "do" "Anything." I am trying to cause a speciation event in the Felix Domesticus, I am not trying to make bulletproof flying cats.
Third off "Magic" requires me to "Know little" about a technology. Maybe from your point of view, I do know little about it, but who defines that? This is the halfbakery, not a doctoral review board. You've posted ideas on swarming alarm clocks, anarchist chess, ballistic missile vending machines, "Hide goods in water," etc. I dare say you do not have multiple master's degrees in computer science, genetics, materials engineering, political science, veterenary medicine, etc. Probably, there are a number of ideas on there for which you have only a basic understanding of the concept.
I suggest that "Magic" involves using a particualr technology in ways the individual does not fully understand, and that the "Magic" of GM is getting organic matter to do exactly "Anything," rather than one specific thing.
Therefore for an M-F-D magic to apply, an individual must post an idea that goes beyond their level of understanding into the realm of the impossible.
I may be no expert on genetics, but I was taught in grade school that the speciation is one among many of the more well tested theories that support evolution. I also learned in grade school that individuals from species that have recently speciated often are able to interbreed and produce a sterile offspring. Horses and Burros interbreed to produce Mules, Goats and sheep interbreed to produce a sterile animal. All of this is well established fact, and more or less common knowledge.
Now: My idea is to cause a speciation event in Felix Domesticus. Assuming for a minute that you agree speciation events can occur, perhaps we can look into my methods:
I have no hard and fast methods, because the result is the goal. It's sort of like asking for dumbbells. I don't care if they were drop-forged, or turned on a lathe.
I suppose that after several generations of selective breeding, cats could speciate. That cats can be selectively bred is pretty well established by the existence of cat shows and pedigrees. That this could cause a speciation event is somewhat more theoretical.
I also suppose that speciation events involve a few random mutations, and it's a pretty well established fact that low levels of radiation can cause more random mutations to occur. That sounds a little bit promising.
Once again, it's not rocket science here. We aren't trying to add any one specific gene. We're just trying to get enough change to make them unable to produce viable offspring.
The problem with feral cats is not that they are predators. Their typical prey include a number of small animals, which, in an urban dwelling, are often considered pests in their own right, and may be introduced, or invasive species. Cockroaches, house flies, crickets, mice, rats, pigeons, moles, gophers, and even the occasional juvenile squirrel, skunk, or opossum have all been documented in the diet of feral cats. The control of these species is a benefit to city dwellers, and even some rural individuals.
The problem with Feral cats is that they breed too rapidly, outstripping their pest food source, and then becoming pests of their own, keeping people up with the noise of their fighting and breeding, eating food intended for humans, becoming vectors for disease, becoming roadkill, and interefing with traffic, entering into unwanted areas, and damaging, or killing desireable species, such as vegetable gardens, household pets, or endangered species.
Those who study feral cats have discovered that killing off the cat colonies simply makes room for another cat colony to form, and as nothing has been controlling the food population in the area, rapid breeding of feral cats takes place, making the problem even worse.
In Short: No Feral cats = too many other pests. Breeding feral Cats = Feral cat pest problem. A Few Steril Feral cats = good.
Some means of controlling the breeding speed without involving so many underpaid animal control officers is desired.
As a pet is a pet to most people, the fact that there are two different species of cats will likely be of little concern. Buying cats will not double because there are two species, abandoning cats will not occur twice as fast. Nor will the rate of fixing pet cats be likely to change significantly.
As the "New Cats" occupy the same ecological niche as the old cats, and will not be likely to have much biological advantage over the old cats, the two species will be in competition. However, if they do not realize that they are competing species, they will intermingle, and interbreed. The interbreeding will produce as many offspring as regular breeding, but those offspring will be sterile cats. These Sterile cats will not produce offspring, thus slowing the rate of feral cat colonies. Moreover, the sterile cats will likely have sex organs which appear functional, and impart similar biological drives to their owners. The Sterile cats will therefore be able to have sex with both species of cats, delaying actual breeding that much more.
If the growth of feral cat colonies can be slowed naturally to a point at which the cats form a stable population, and are not a problem in their own right, the animal control can worry about more pressing matters elsewhere.
This idea is somewhat different from the 'VMI" idea, in that it does not propose an imbalance of the genders, it will clearly function only on feline species, and it is not intended to restructure any culture, human or feline.
Cats kill what we think of as vermin, and those particular animals unchecked would lead to an ecological imbalance. However, they also kill indiscriminately, for instance species which are fairly endangered. Those prey which survive may then increase in population to take advantage of the increased food supply. Cats also compete with other predators, so their populations stay artificially low. This is, i hear, particularly a problem in Australia and New Zealand, though never having been there i'm sure people on here can give a more informed opinion than mine. The back yard here is devoid of birds, but we get rats and mice. I would prefer birds to rodents because the former don't create the same kind of hygiene problem or allergy problem, since they stay outside.
There are also a lot of red foxes here. There's too much bias to know if that's good or bad. From an æsthetic perspective, i would prefer greater vertebrate predator biodiversity than what we have now, which seems to consist of magpies, cats, foxes and grass snakes.


This traditional stone retreat is positioned in the beautiful Greek village of Neohori, right above the bustling holiday town of Nidri. The house, built in 2008 by its current owner, is situated on the outskirts of the village offering sensational sea and mountain views making the most of the Southern Ionian Islands that stretch out beneath you all the way down to the Dragoneras. You are guaranteed utmost privacy at this home as you have no immediate neighbours making it the perfect getaway from the busy lives that many of us lead. The modern design of this property, expressed through stone, granite and wood fuses unobtrusively with the surrounding Lefkadian scenery, while its large windows and doors shower the interiors with plenty of natural light. Sophisticated taste and loving touches are the main ingredients used for creating this minimalistic but warm summer home.
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Natural Candle Waxes – Struggling Market Since Evolution
By Chembizr
Birthdays are often incomplete without a cake. Moreover, it's arduous to imagine a birthday cake without candles. But many of us fail to recognize the cognizance of the waxes which go into candle making. Let's dive deep into this wonder material which forms an integral segment in making our birthdays memorable.
Since time immemorial, candles have served as an elusive source of lighting. For the most part of human history, candles were produced using tallow, beeswax, animal stearin, spermaceti, etc. and the raw materials vary across geography.
Until the 16th-17th century, candles were considered to be exquisite and property of royalty. The onset of the industrial revolution which resulted in the development of candle-making machinery and higher disposable income among the masses spurred a rising demand for candles. The establishment of the world's first oil refinery in the mid-1800s paved the path for the modern candle industry. Paraffin wax, which is obtained as a solid residue from the fractional distillation of crude oil became a delight in the eyes of candle manufacturers since mass production of inexpensive good quality candles was made possible.
During the same time, the invention of incandescent bulbs took place. This was an ominous sign for the booming candle industry since the sole purpose of the candle as a source of lighting was met.
However, in the late 1900s, the development of candles to serve purposes such as a home decoration item, emanate fragrance, aromatherapy, etc. revitalized the interest in candles for the developed world.
The global candle industry in 2019 was estimated worth 9,750 Mn US$ and candle wax amounts to 2,370 KT. The candle industry heavily relies on paraffin wax as the major feedstock for candle production, because of its durability, ease of availability, production compatibility, and most importantly economical price. More than 75% of candle waxes (by volume) comprise mainly paraffin.
Nonetheless, the use of paraffin wax obtained from petroleum, as a viable source for candle production, was deeply investigated in the 1990s, which prompted some of the manufacturers to give birth to candles made from innovative bio-based sources such as soy wax, palm wax, coconut wax, and rapeseed wax. These waxes are obtained from environment-friendly and renewable sources, unlike paraffin wax which could potentially help in reducing the global carbon footprint. Moreover, burning these waxes produce little to no carcinogens, unlike paraffin wax which doesn't burn clean and produces black soot.
Despite such advantages, the majority of the candle makers are not enticed to shift to bio-based waxes, which is evident from the poor market share of these waxes (~19%). Apart from suffering from exorbitant prices, these waxes do not impart the desired candle characteristics because most of these waxes are soft, brittle, and have a lower shelf life as compared to paraffin wax. The inherent high burn time for bio-based candle waxes like soy wax is not well supported by its low adhesion with glass, low fragrance load, release, and lower compatibility with the majority of the available scents which makes it unfavorable for scented jar candles and inferior in front of paraffin wax. Besides these points, the existing players which control a sizeable share of the candle industry have installed machinery which is not suitable for producing candles using soft and brittle bio-based waxes.
Although the current market share of bio-based wax candles is low, on the brighter side a lot of small companies are mushrooming in parts of North America, Europe, Southeast Asia, and Australia which are based on strong pillars of sustainability and making a mark by producing candles from bio-based materials. Along with that, a number of companies are developing, "wax blends" which combine the merits of both paraffin and bio-based waxes. In some portions of the developed world, customers are increasingly getting aware of the type of waxes that go into candle making, which could further catalyze the growth of bio-based wax candles. These factors seem promising for the growth of bio-based waxes. In the near future, we might witness a substitution of paraffin waxes by bio-based waxes, which might bring curtains to the wax which shaped the face of the modern candle industry. For this to become a reality, extensive R&D on bio-based waxes must take place to overcome the existing drawbacks, simultaneously tackling the high price by devising novel and cheaper ways of producing bio-based waxes.
Ananyo Bhattacharya, Associate Consultant
Bio Materials, Candle Waxes
Candle waxes
Nutritional Outlook – China's infant formula market sees growing demand for premium and ultra-premium products
Opportunities for High-Performance Polymers in the Semiconductor Space


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Fedora Docker
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Dockfile for fedora

## Includes

- Latest Fedora
- git

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub