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text:
Updates to CIL Planning Practice Guidance
Next news story...
Planning Practice Guidance (PPG) for the Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) was updated on 16th November 2020 in order to reflect earlier revisions of the Levy and the latest regulatory changes.
In the first instance, the guidance was updated to account for alterations to the Use Class Order which saw the introduction of the comprehensive Class E (Commercial, Business and Service) in September, whereby a range of high street uses were amalgamated. Paragraph 23 has been amended alongside the insertion of Paragraph 201 into the PPG, entitled 'How do changes to the Use Classes Order affect charging schedules that set differential rates according to use classes that no longer exist'? The guidance sets out that references to the previous Use Class Order should be interpreted as the corresponding use class within Class E; thus, the individual CIL rates set before the amendments to the Use Classes Order will continue to apply.
The updated guidance also reflects the new First Homes initiative: Paragraph 202 has been inserted (along with alterations to Paragraphs 69, 70 and 73) to outline the introduction of the Community Infrastructure Levy (Amendment) (England) (No 2) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/1226) which exempt First Homes from CIL. This amendment follows on from draft regulations that were laid in Parliament on 28th September. The change now allows First Homes to qualify for the mandatory Social Housing Relief (which also incorporates Shared Ownership, Social Rented and Affordable Rented Housing). First Homes is the Government's flagship home ownership policy in which homes are sold to first time buyers at a discount of at least 30% from market value; the regulations stipulate that First Homes must be sold at no more than 70% of its market value and a planning obligation must be established in order to make certain that the discount remains attached to the property in question and is forwarded on to all future purchasers. This category also includes homes sold to key workers, but is dependent on a specified criteria. The Government hope that this exemption will aid in the increased delivery of much needed housing nationwide.
The third update to CIL PPG relates to the Introductory Guidance section which has been modified to delineate transitional arrangements following the implementation of the Community Infrastructure Levy (Amendment) (England) (No 2) Regulations 2019 (SI 2019/1103), which came into force on 01 September 2019. Regulation 5 (and Schedule 1) altered the regulations concerning chargeable development, the chargeable amount and the calculation of social housing relief. It is now clear that the aforementioned changes will only be applicable to permissions granted on or after the 01 September 2019. Further, in relation to Regulation 6, concerning adjustments to applications for relief or exemptions, the guidance states:
"If you have been granted a relief or exemption from the levy but fail to serve a Commencement Notice before beginning works on site, the 2019 Amendment Regulations (No. 2) apply a surcharge penalty, rather than the loss of the exemption. These changes only apply to cases where a Liability Notice or revised Liability Notice is issued on or after 1 September 2019".
The guidance further emphasises that the issue date of the Liability Notice, or revised Liability Notice, is the key as to whether the 2019 regulations apply or not and subsequently whether loss of the exemption may occur.
The updated PPG on CIL is available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/community-infrastructure-levy
The Explanatory Memorandum concerning First Homes is available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2020/1226/pdfs/uksiem_20201226_en.pdf
Additional changes to CIL of late:
Amendments on 25th September 2020 saw the insertion of Paragraph 107 into the Neighbourhood Planning PPG in response to the ongoing implications of the pandemic; in light of the fact that Covid restrictions have impacted on neighbourhood plan referendums and subsequent neighbourhood CIL received, updates now allows for parish councils or neighbourhood forums to negotiate reimbursements where appropriate.
The updated Neighbourhood PPG is available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/neighbourhood-planning–2#history
Also of note, Community Infrastructure Levy (Coronavirus) (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2020, which came into force on 22 July 2020, provide much needed discretionary manoeuvring for collecting authorities which allow planning authorities to deter a CIL payment for up to a maximum of 6 months whilst not enforcing late payment interest and surcharge payments. Nevertheless, caveats are in place and evidence must be provided.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The latest deals in Welsh business from acquisitions to fundraising
Those featured include Idwal, Veezu, Pinnacle, Huws Gray and Cedars Dental Practice
Latest Wales plc deals (Image: Shared Content Unit)
Sign up to FREE email alerts from BusinessLive - Wales
Here we feature the latest business deals in Wales from acquisitions to fundraising.
Idwal
Idwal chief executive Nick Owens with Greer Hooper from Barclays.
Marine technology firm, Idwal is focused on rapid expansion and reaching £6m revenues, on the back of a £800,000 investment from Barclays.
Based in the maritime district of Cardiff Bay, and whose major shareholder is Graig Shipping, Idwal specialises accurate, consistent and objective inspection reports as well as a continuous commitment to raising the standards of ship inspections worldwide.
Every vessel inspected by Idwal is given a unique Idwal grade which analyses over 500 different data points gathered during the inspection which are then passed through our advanced algorithms to generate the grade results.
The algorithms feed the data into 21 sub-grades, culminating in a single final Grade, which quickly identifies and easily highlights areas that are exceeding expectation, or require improvement.
All the latest commercial property deals from across Wales
Its chief executive, Nick Owens, said: "We are very much a forward and progressive looking company and believe continued investment will be vital to the future success of our company. Utilising the latest technology combined with a skilled team of passionate shipping professionals, engineers, surveyors, and developers, we are revolutionising ship inspections around the world.
"We inspect everything from oil tankers to private yachts and operate in 85% of the world's ports."
Greer Hooper, Barclays corporate relationship director, said, "Idwal is a great example of a business being prepared to invest in people and technology, spotting threats and opportunities before it is too late.
"By really understanding the business and issues they have faced, Barclays has been able to support Idwal financially and professionally as the business continues to grow. This is a business based in Cardiff, but making waves across the globe."
Mr Owens added "We have grown rapidly over the last five years and have created 15 highly skilled and well paid jobs over the last twelve months, as we commit to attracting the best talent to our business in Cardiff Bay.
"Our unique digital inspection framework and online platform allows our clients to view and understand the condition and risk of their maritime investments better than ever before, with greater visualisation and clarity of critical data, allowing customers to make smarter decisions.
"Supported by our offices in the UK, China, and Greece and over 250 surveyors worldwide, our inspection reports and the Idwal Grade has become the 'gold standard' financial institutions, ship owners, and other stakeholders believe in and trust."
Pinnacle Document Solutions
Cardiff-based print and document solutions provider Pinnacle has been acquired by market leader Ethos Group.
The acquisition, the value of which hasn't been disclosed, expands the geographical reach of Ethos Group's print portfolio.
Pinnacle Document Solutions operates in the UK and mainland Europe with over 30 years' experience. It supports over 3,500 managed devices.
With a combined workforce of over 200 employees, the deal will see Ethos' turnover exceeding £42m by the end of the next financial year whilst looking to maintain Ebitda at 18% of revenues,
Barry Matthews, chief executive of Ethos, and Clive Hamilton, managing director of Pinnacle, will continue to work together to support the group's ambitious growth plans.
Mr Hamilton joined Pinnacle in 1993 as a sales executive, before leading the management buy-out of the company in 2015 and undertaking the subsequent acquisitions of Fast Technology and Copier Mate.
Its acquisition by Ethos provides a successful exit for the Development Bank of Wales, who provided debt and equity funding to support the management buy-out led by Mr Hamilton.
It is understood that the deal provides the Development Bank of Wales with a two times return on its investment.
Mr Matthews said: "The acquisition of Pinnacle, together with Clive and his staff represents a strategic growth opportunity providing a solid platform in South Wales and the South West of England to build upon.
"Having known Clive for a while I was already aware of how well regarded he is within the industry and am excited to have the opportunity to now work alongside him. His work ethic is unparalleled and his outlook for the continued success in this industry is like my own.
"On a personal note, this acquisition was one of the last things I had the pleasure of working on with the chairman of Ethos, Paul Norris, before he passed away unexpectedly last year and for me, the senior leadership team and staff, this acquisition represents a continuation of his legacy."
Mr Hamilton said: "We started this journey in March 2015 with the MBO, where myself and the board planned the M&A growth as well as the organic growth of Pinnacle within this 5 year period.
"The next step on this journey is now to look at how we can merge our skills, staff experience and customer loyalty to make a bigger more sustainable Business with far greater solutions and services that our clients will benefit from.
After meeting Paul and Barry I knew that Ethos were the Group that will add this value, drive and support to allow us all to build a more consolidated business that is in keeping with the fast paced technology market place that we are working in.
"On a personal note I am very excited at the opportunity in working with Barry and his senior leadership team to continue the Pinnacle story and journey going for the next 5 to 7 years."
Gambit Corporate Finance acted as lead financial advisor to the shareholders of Pinnacle and were responsible for identifying, negotiating and structuring the transaction. The Gambit team was led by Geraint Rowe (partner) Tim Brotherton (director) and Nick Gallagher (analyst).
Mr Rowe said: "We have had the privilege of working closely with Clive and Pinnacle for several years, having previously advised on the MBO in 2015 and subsequent acquisitions, witnessing first- hand how the company has grown to become a leading provider of managed print services and document solutions in South Wales and the South West.
"The acquisition by Ethos Group will enable both Pinnacle and Ethos to realise the next stage of their growth plans as part of a larger group, with a greater service offering and customer footprint."
Gunnercooke provided legal advice to the Ethos Group and Hugh James (Gerallt Jones and Gemma Davies) provided legal advice to the shareholders of Pinnacle.
Sam Macalister-Smith led the transaction for the Development Bank of Wales
Veezu
Nathan Bowles CEO of Veezu
The UK's biggest private hire vehicle operator, Veezu, has completed its fifth acquisition as its accelerates its expansion plans.
The Newport-based firm, which last month announced a refinancing deal with Santander and Tosca Debt Capital running into tens of millions of pounds, has bought the UK's sixth largest private hire car business in Go Carz.
The value of the deal has not been disclosed.
Operating throughout Shropshire and the West Midlands, including Shrewsbury, Telford, Wolverhampton, Dudley and Walsall and with more than 1,200 driver partners, Go Carz completed five million journeys last year.
It will boost the 13 million bookings completed by Veezu in 2019.
Chief executive Nathan Bowles said:"I'm delighted to welcome everyone at Go Carz to Veezu. Go Carz is an extremely well managed and established business that complements our existing private hire brands. I look forward to working with Carl Wilday, Graham Hoof and Robin Gibson who will be helping us realise the Go Carz regional growth plan."
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Carl Wilday, managing director of Go Carz, said: "It's very much business as usual. The Go Carz brand will be staying, and we will continue to be based out of our existing Head Office in Shrewsbury and our regional offices around Shropshire and the West Midlands.
" Being part of Veezu brings us access to additional resource and expertise, as well as the next generation of technology innovation that will benefit both the driver partners and passengers of Go Carz."
The acquisition marks Veezu's third acquisition in 2020, following hot in the footsteps of Cwmbran Cars and Chauffeur Cars in January this year.
This latest deal sees Veezu now operating with more than 6,000 driver partners, making it significantly the biggest private hire business in the UK.
Veezu has four other major service hubs throughout the UK, each operating under established local brands – A2B Radio Cars in the West Midlands, Amber Cars in Leeds, Dragon Taxis in South Wales and V Cars in the South West.
Mr Bowles said:"We have started this year very strongly and have clearly accelerated our growth. Our vision to grow Veezu both organically and through acquisitions is on track. We are excited at the prospect of delivering the next stages of our Veezu growth strategy and vision."
Veezu was founded in 2013. Its 13 million private hire journeys last year equated to an overall transaction value of £120m through 4,650 driver partners.
The company has also made sustainability part of their business plan, investing more than £1.5m in low emission cars.
Cedars Dental Practice
Cedars Dental Practice in Llanishen, Cardiff has been acquired for an undisclosed sum by Dr Nitin Duggal and Dr Christopher Truman.
Both are old friends who met at Cardiff Dental School where they graduated in 2009. Dr Duggal owns The Dental Surgery in Grangetown Cardiff. Dr Truman is an experienced associate and holds a diploma in restorative dentistry Royal College of Surgeons of England and has practised extensively in and around Cardiff.
Cedars Dental Practice was established by clinical director, Dr Iain Manson in 1994. Dr Mason qualified as a dentist in 1982 when he graduated from the University of Witwatersrand in South Africa. He obtained a Masters in Periodontology at the Cardiff Dental school in 1987.
Dr Manson, said: "I am delighted that after 30 years that we are going to be able to move onto the next chapter for Cedars with the support and involvement of Nitin and Christopher.
" We look forward to continuing to provide our patients with outstanding clinical care. It has been a seamless process and I am particularly grateful to Nitin and Christopher and in particular, our advisors Hywel Loveluck and Owen Sennitt of ProPractices who have managed the transaction process on our behalf."
Dr Duggal said :"I'd certainly like to echo Iain's comments and look forward to working with him, our new team and indeed our patients as we effect a transition with Iain over the next year or so. Cedars is an exciting acquisition for us and presents an excellent private dental opportunity for the prosperous and growing area of Cardiff north."
The transaction was managed and effected on behalf of the vendor by ProPractices Advisory a specialist consultancy operating in the Welsh dental sector. The legal process was managed and advised by Chris Davies and Rhiannydd Llewellyn of JCP Solicitors, Cardiff.
Hywel Loveluck of ProPractices Advisory said: "Both Owen Sennitt and myself are delighted that our researched-based approach was able to identify and match Nitin and Christopher as potential purchasers for Cedars. Now both parties have now successfully completed the deal, I am sure the patients will be equally delighted with the care they will receive from them and indeed Iain, as part of a planned transition process."
Huws Gray
Huws Gray invests to expand and revamp former Audley Builders Merchants in Stoke (Image: Huws Gray)
Rapidly expanding builders' merchant Huws Gray has acquired another business.
The Anglesey-based company's latest acquisition is Mid Wales based AC Roof Trusses Ltd.
Founded in 1990 from a single branch in Anglesey, the Huws Gray group have rapidly expanded over the past 30 years, through both organic growth and acquisitions.
It now employs close to 2,000 workers at sites across the UK.
The firm's latest purchase, AC Roof Trusses, was established in 1982, and are specialists in the design, production and supply of structural timber components.
The company employs 30 people at its 1.4-acre site in Welshpool, which includes two factories amounting to over 17,000 ft2 of production facilities.
Osian Jones, development manager for the Huws Gray Group , said: "We are very pleased to be able to announce the acquisition of AC Roof Trusses.
"The company is very well known and respected for its expertise and service.
"It's going to be a very exciting period for everyone involved. We are very much looking forward to building on the success of both of the roof truss manufacturing locations and utilising the expanded Huws Gray Group branch network to distribute products to our customer base across the country."
Tom Jones, managing director for AC Roof Trusses, said: "On behalf of the directors and all employees we are very proud to be joining the Huws Gray Group. Recent years has shown exceptional growth where we have worked closely with Huws Gray and grown to be a reliable and trusted supplier of engineered timber structures.
"With the current management structure being retained we are hugely excited for the future to working with the rest of the Huws Gray Group, opening doors to new opportunities and building on the success the company has had in recent years."
The timing of the acquisition comes just as Huws Gray Group nears the completion of the refurbishment of most of the Ridgeons branches (now trading as Huws Gray Ridgeons) across East Anglia.
It bought Ridgeons, the long-established timber and builders' merchant business, back in 2018.
EnterpriseAngel investor funding increased in Wales during 2020The pandemic did not slow down financing with almost £2m was invested in nine deals
PR news in brief: Promotions, contract wins and growth for Birmingham agencies
West MidlandsQuartet of firms stare down pandemic to add new clients to their rosters and grow their teams
A55 to close in both directions for up to two weeks for vital viaduct work to take place
Economic DevelopmentThe dual carriageway at Black Cat junction will be shut in both directions and traffic diverted to slip roads and roundabout


text:
The project is based on Actix - actor framework for Rust. More info about general idea of actors
[here as video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPTqcecwkJg)
or [here as a text](https://doc.akka.io/docs/akka/2.5.3/scala/general/index.html). Lot of information about actors
is available in regard to Akka, actor framework for JVM, but the general concepts are valid for Rust's Actix as well.

When you start looking into the code, you'll be mostly interested in code located at `src/actors`. These files define
several different actors within the agency.

## Messages everywhere!
There's few kinds:
- the way to interact with agency from outside is by sending "messages" via a transport protocol, in case of this agency
it is mostly HTTP POST Requests with binary encoding.
- That binary data is considered a message which will be somehow processed. Note though that a message can contain
another nested message (like an envelope in an envelope, but in this case each envelope represents some encrypted data).
- Actix framework itself is communicating via "messages". Actor framework is a lot like OOP, but the entities are not
calling each other's methods, but sending messages. So instead of `router.router(foo=1, bar=2)` you would basically do
something more like `dispatchMessage(router, Message {foo:1, bar:2})`.

## Protocols
The point of cloud agency is enabling asynchronous communication between agency which might not be always online and/or
have public IP address.
- These agents talk to each other using certain protocol - for example protocol to send/receive verifiable credentials
 and proofs based on them.
- But these agents need also a protocol for communication with the agency itself. Dummy Cloud Agency implements agency
protocol implemented by LibVCX library. Such protocol specified how to download messages or manage connections between
your cloud agent and other entities of outside word.

# The actors
Let's go trough the agents within the agency and their roles.

## Forward agent
This is sort of core agent of the agency and has it's own wallet. Let's call this `Forward Agent`'s wallet.
Every message coming into the agency have to first pass through  (and be processed by) forward
agent `forward_agent.rs`. Forward agent is basically represents identity of the agency
itself. Agency has it's own keypair (you can specify that in `"forward_agent":` section of configuration file) and
every message coming through the agency (regardless of who the recipient is) must be anoncrypted by agency's keypair.
So when a message arrives to agency, it first flows to forward agent`which anondecrypts the message.

Next, the message is passed to Router actor `router.rs`.

## Router
Router is Actor, which as name suggests, routes messages. It can process few types of messages, which basically gives
Router interaction interface for following operations.
- Register Agent did route
- Register Agent Connection route
- Route a message

In order for router to be able route messages anywhere, other actors (such as `Forward Agent`, `Agent Connection`,
`Forward agent Connection`) must first register their DIDs which is like them saying "Hey Router, when you get
a message for DID=123456, that's me! Forward it to me please."  And soo when Router later gets message to route,
the message must contain `fwd` field with value if recipient's DID.

## Forward agent connection
Let's get back to Forward Agent for a second. Apart from the mundane anondecryption Forward Agent performs,
it can also handle 1 type of Agency protocol message - `Connect`. Anytime an agent from outer world wants to
start interacting with agency, it first needs to establish connection with agency. That means the agency and
the outer agent have to exchange public keys used uniquely for encryption and identification of the relationship
between them. That is accommodated via the `Connect` agency protocol message.

Each forward agent connection represents connection with someone and it's Forward Agent Connection has its own DID.
This DID is registered in `Router`. Each forward agent connection is stored in `Forward Agent`'s wallet as pair of DIDs
with metadata.

Forward Agent Connection actor itself can handle just 2 types of agency protocol messages `CreateAgent` and `SingUp`.
These are usually called subsequently to upgrade your "a connection with the agency" to a full blown cloud agent inside
cloud agency. `CreateAgent` creates you `Agent` in the cloud agency.

## Agent
Agent is actor representing your cloud agent. It has its own DID and keypair stored in its own wallet. The wallet will
is later also used to manage pairwise connection between your agent and other agents.
Agent has many capabilities - following LibVCX agency protocol, you can create new connections with other agents,
requests messages from established connections, configure your agent and more. Particularly important agency protocol
message type is `CreateKey` which as result create new actor `Agent Connection`.

## Agent connection
Agent connection is representation of single pairwise relationship of particular `Agent`. The state of this actor
includes data such a connection status and list of messages exchanged within this relationship.

## Requester
This is "singleton", almost stateless actor which does not need to persist any state. Requester is solely used to
forward messages to different cloud agencies.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Der Berninapass, ,  ist ein Alpenpass im Schweizer Kanton Graubünden, der auf einer Höhe von  das Engadin im Norden mit dem Puschlav und dem italienischen Veltlin im Süden verbindet. Der Scheitel der Passstrasse liegt etwas weiter östlich auf

Geographie
Der Berninapass liegt zwischen den Bernina- und Livigno-Alpen auf der Wasserscheide Schwarzes Meer/Adria zwischen den beiden Seen Lej Nair (Schwarzer See) und Lago Bianco (Weisser See). Der Lej Nair fliesst nach Norden über den Berninabach und gehört zum Einzugsgebiet des Inn, der Lago Bianco fliesst über Acqua da Pila und Poschiavino nach Süden und gehört zum Einzugsgebiet des Po. Hier verläuft die Grenze zwischen rätoromanischem und italienischem Sprachgebiet. In südlicher Richtung ist über das Val da Pila auf der Bernina-Westroute der Abstieg nach San Carlo di Poschiavo über Cavaglia möglich. Diese Strecke wird von der Berninabahn genutzt.

Der gemeinhin als Berninapass bezeichnete Strassenpass liegt noch einmal 93 Meter höher und überwindet den Höhenzug zwischen dem Val da Pila und dem Val Laguné. Diese Strecke wird auch als Bernina-Ostroute bezeichnet. Nahe der Passhöhe beim Lagh da la Cruseta steht das Berggasthaus Ospizio Bernina, die gleichnamige Bahnstation liegt südwestlich unterhalb am Ufer des Lago Bianco.

Klimatabelle

Geschichte

Vorgeschichte
Der Bernina stellt eine jahrtausendealte Verbindung der ebenfalls jahrtausendealten Kulturlandschaften des oberen Engadins um St. Moritz mit dem Veltlin dar. So wurden nicht nur in St. Moritz zahlreiche Funde gemacht, die bis in die Bronzezeit datieren, sondern auch auf der anderen Seite des Berninas im Veltlin. Unter anderen fand man bei Teglio, dem römischen Tillium, welches wahrscheinlich dem Veltlin, dem Val Tillium, seinen Namen gab, zahlreiche steinzeitliche Menhire mit rätselhaften Ritzzeichnungen, wie man sie in grossen Teilen Europas fand. Aus solchen Funden kann geschlossen werden, dass es schon in vorhistorischer Zeit einen Passverkehr über den Bernina gab, der in römischer Zeit auch noch anwuchs. Dennoch gehörte der Bernina nie so recht zu den wichtigen Pässen. Der Aufstieg begann erst im hohen Mittelalter, im späten Mittelalter errang der Pass tatsächlich eine gewisse Bedeutung für den Handel. Dennoch stand der Bernina immer im Schatten benachbarter Pässe wie des Malojas oder Ofenpasses.

Neuzeit

Der Pass bildet die Hauptverkehrsader zwischen dem Engadin und dem Veltlin. Gegenüber Septimer und Splügen durch die periphere Lage im Nachteil, führte über den Bernina nie eine alpenquerende Transitroute von europäischer Bedeutung. Für den Wegunterhalt waren die Gemeinden verantwortlich; die Porten (Transportgenossenschaften) spielten eine eher untergeordnete Rolle. Die topographisch günstige Regionalverbindung wurde wichtiger, als die Drei Bünde 1512 das Veltlin eroberten und damit die Republik Venedig als Grenznachbarn gewannen. Um 1550 richtete Frankreich einen ständigen Kurierdienst zwischen Lyon und Venedig über die Pässe Albula, Bernina und Aprica ein.

Streng genommen handelt es sich beim Berninapass um zwei parallel verlaufende Wege, die südseits ins Val Laguné beziehungsweise in den Talkessel von Cavaglia führen; Armon Planta nennt sie kurz Bernina-Ost und Bernina-West. Welche Route bevorzugt wurde, wechselte im Lauf der Zeit mehrfach, auch abhängig von Jahreszeit, Schneelage und aktuellem Zustand der Wege. Die insgesamt kürzere Westroute verläuft auf einer längeren Strecke oberhalb der Waldgrenze und ist deshalb stärker durch Lawinen und Schneeverwehungen gefährdet. Urkunden belegen Ausbauten der Westroute 1552, der Ostroute 1645. Nachdem sich 1729 und 1779 schwere Lawinenunglücke ereignet hatten, wurde es verboten, die Westroute im Winter zu benutzen. Als wichtigste Transportgüter wurden zu Zeiten des Saumverkehrs Wein und Korn nach Norden befördert, Vieh und Käse nach Süden. Eine historische Säumerstation ist der Weiler La Rösa auf der Südseite des Passes.

Beim 1842 begonnenen Bau der Fahrstrasse entschied man sich für Bernina-Ost; die Ingenieur-Arbeiten machte Rudolf Albertini (1821–1896) von Zuoz mit der Hilfe des Bündner Oberingenieurs Richard La Nicca. Im Jahr 1865 wurden die Arbeiten abgeschlossen und auch das auf 2307 m knapp westlich des Scheitelpunktes gelegene Hospiz eröffnet. Die seither mehrfach verbreiterte Strasse wird seit 1965 ganzjährig offen gehalten, obwohl auf dem Pass während etwa acht Monaten im Jahr Schnee liegt. Damit ist der Berninapass einer der höchsten ganzjährig offenen Pässe der Alpen.

Während den beiden Weltkriegen wurde der Berninapass gegen Angreifer aus dem Puschlav bei der Sperrstelle Berninahäuser befestigt.

Berninabahn und Seilbahnen
Die in ersten Teilabschnitten 1908 eröffnete und von Beginn an elektrisch betriebene meterspurige Berninabahn überquert den Pass seit 1910, seit 1913 auch im Winter. Die mit Blick auf gute touristische Erschliessung der landschaftlichen Schönheiten angelegte Linie folgt weitgehend der Route Bernina-West. Mit ihrer bei der Station Ospizio Bernina erreichten Scheitelhöhe von 2253 m gilt sie als höchste Alpentransversale. Zur Nutzung der Wasserkraft wurden am Nord- und am Südende des Lago Bianco Staumauern errichtet. Der nutzbare Inhalt des Stausees beträgt etwa 18 Millionen Kubikmeter.

Seit 1956 erschliesst die Luftseilbahn Bernina-Diavolezza ein Gletscherskigebiet am Munt Pers auf der Nordseite des Passes; sie wurde 1980 erneuert. Seit 1963 führt eine Seilbahn auf den Piz Lagalb.

Bilder

Literatur

 Armon Planta: Verkehrswege im alten Rätien. Band 1, Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1990, ISBN 3-905241-11-0.

Weblinks

 www.berninabahn.ch für historische Ansichten der Berninabahn

Einzelnachweise

Alpenpass
Gebirgspass
Pass im Kanton Graubünden
Livigno-Alpen
Val Bernina
Geographie (Poschiavo)
Grenze zwischen Italien und der Schweiz
Bernina-Alpen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It was hard not to keep my expectations up when I first heard the collaboration between Aimer and three amazing, established artists. Taka from One Ok Rock. TK from Ling Toshite Sigure. Yojiori from Radwimps. All three have been in the industry for much longer than Aimer has and with time and artistic integrity, have built their own unique styles. While it is an incredibly feat to have come this far, it is also the underlying problem with this double A-side single. When an artist creates a song for another, it may not necessary fit the vocals or style of the intended recipient.
insane dream gives the same feelings as previous more epic/rock singles like StarRingChild and RE: I AM. It's much more intense and overpowering than what I prefer to hear from her. Not that she can't pull it off because she has shown that she can rock a rock song in Brave Shine. Even though this song was created with Aimer in mind, the end result doesn't convey that at all. I was expecting something else, something that would highlight more of Aimer's strengths, something to call her own. It's hard to categorize this in her discography when it feels like it belongs in someone else's. The same goes for us. The other A-side single has the same eerie and haunting vibes as Dare Ka, Umi Wo. In addition, the rhythms are fantastic and the ranges fast changing. However this song suffers from two setbacks. One, it sounds too much of older works, a rehash of previous songs.
Second, TK and the rest of LTS have a very distinct style. Because of that, it's difficult to really get into the track which is so typically TK. I can't really imagine anyone else singing it besides the composer himself. Sure, Aimer has a rather flexible ability of adapting to various genres but I believe she hasn't quite mastered that. Maybe rather, it's not a matter of mastering or rather a matter of limitation. tone, on the other hand, is the kind of simple ballad I really look forward to hear from Aimer. It feels emotionally heavy, bittersweet in lyrics and sound. The extended notes in the chorus drags your attention, pulls you down with the stirring of feelings once buried deep inside.
To conclude, despite the hours and effort put in by the duos, the original composer's mark is too overwhelming and takes away from my enjoyment of both A-sides. They're not bad songs per say, slightly average if anything. A lack of originality and a case of identity crises takes away from my enjoyment of these two pieces. I wonder how things play out for the third installment with the lead vocalist from Radwimps.


text:
Load Management Encyclopedia
A wiki initiative facilitated by PLMA
Evolution of Demand Response in the United States Electricity Industry
The specific goal of this wiki initiative is to share and enhance the articulation of how demand response initiatives have evolved in the U.S. Electricity Industry from a load management practitioners' perspective.
As PLMA refined and coordinated materials for the Demand Response Training Series, Michael Brown, NV Energy and Chair of the PLMA Education Committee, together with the Education Committee and PLMA Training Partners realized there was not a singular, agreed upon definition of Demand Response and the stages of its evolution (DR 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0) to help new and transitioning professionals, regulators, and lawmakers understand the growth and trends of the industry, so they set out to develop a harmonized, consistent definition, followed by a public comment period. This definition is used across the three demand response training courses produced by PLMA. This topic was presented in a Demand Response Dialogue that included Michael Brown, NV Energy; Scott Coe; Ross Malme, Skipping Stone; and Stuart Schare, Navigant, on September 1, 2016 (Listen to the recording here) The discussion continued at the 34th PLMA Conference in Delray Beach, Florida, in November 2016, with a panel presentation Defining the Evolution of Demand Response: From 1.0 to 3.0 and Beyond, Moderated by Michael Brown, Berkshire Hathaway, NV Energy; with Ross Malme, Skipping Stone; Robin Maslowski, Navigant; Ray Pustinger, Alternative Energy Systems Consulting; Dennis Quinn, Joule Assets.
Demand Response Evolution
DR 1.0 – The Past
The beginning of demand response can be traced to the first interruptible tariffs for large commercial and industrial customers where utility staff called or paged a primary customer contact to manually change power consumption on-site with no immediate feedback in the utility control room, or the first one-way communication load-control devices installed on residential water heaters and air conditioners, or when wholesale markets were introduced to the US electricity industry. Then, demand response was primarily used to provide Energy (MWh) and/or Capacity (MW) when wholesale prices were unusually high, when there was a shortfall of generation or transmission capacity or during unexpected emergency grid operating situations. Notifications were typically manual day ahead or hour(s) ahead and the "system of record" for measurement and verification was usually the utility meter which was read on its regular cycle, often manually. There was little or no immediate customer feedback on performance during a demand response event.
DR 2.0 – The Present
Demand response has become an integral part of most wholesale electricity markets and grid operation systems in the United States. Not only can demand response-driven initiatives provide more precise energy and capacity to support wholesale marketplace activities, but demand response can now also provide more sophisticated and near-instantaneous Ancillary Services such as non-spinning and spinning reserves and frequency and voltage support. Measurement and verification has become much more sophisticated and near real time measurements (either utility or non-utility) are often used as "system of record" for confirmation of customer performance during demand response events and for customer feedback.
DR 3.0 – The Current Path to the Future
Demand response is evolving to be a component of broader distributed energy resources including distributed photovoltaic, electric vehicle charging, and various forms of energy/thermal storage both on a grid operating system scale as well as "behind of the meter" (BTM) i.e., on the customer's side . As a component of distributed energy resources (DER), demand response can now provide a wide variety of service benefits both to the grid operator and to the consumer and/or Prosumer (providing power and energy to the grid) including volt/var control, renewable energy integration, and congestion management in a localized distribution system. In wholesale markets, the demand response price signal has as its major underlying economic principle- to move the industry away from traditional "command-and-control" mechanisms in order to maintain its efficient grid operation role. In other words, a price signal triggered directly by the utility or the system operator will no longer be a requirement in DR 3.0, but rather devices are pre-programmed to react to price thresholds. Utilities continue to rely on a grid signal such as voltage for emergencies and system peaks rather than on a price signal, or it may be valued related to costs (e.g., avoiding a CT start).
Title Changes:
Evolution of Demand Response in the United States Electricity Industry Evolution of Demand Response in the United States Electricity Industry
Content Changes:
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The specific goal of this wiki initiative is to share and enhance the articulation of how demand response initiatives have evolved in the U.S. Electricity Industry from a load management practitioners' perspective.

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Background

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As PLMA refined and coordinated materials for the Demand Response Training Series, Michael Brown, NV Energy and Chair of the PLMA Education Committee, together with the Education Committee and PLMA Training Partners realized there was not a singular, agreed upon definition of Demand Response and the stages of its evolution (DR 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0) to help new and transitioning professionals, regulators, and lawmakers understand the growth and trends of the industry, so they set out to develop a harmonized, consistent definition, followed by a public comment period.  This definition is used across the three demand response training courses produced by PLMA. This topic was presented in a Demand Response Dialogue that included Michael Brown, NV Energy; Scott Coe; Ross Malme, Skipping Stone; and Stuart Schare, Navigant, on September 1, 2016 (Listen to the recording here) The discussion continued at the 34th PLMA Conference in Delray Beach, Florida, in November 2016, with a panel presentation Defining the Evolution of Demand Response: From 1.0 to 3.0 and Beyond, Moderated by Michael Brown, Berkshire Hathaway, NV Energy; with Ross Malme, Skipping Stone; Robin Maslowski, Navigant; Ray Pustinger, Alternative Energy Systems Consulting; Dennis Quinn, Joule Assets.
 Added:
The specific goal of this wiki initiative is to share and enhance the articulation of how demand response initiatives have evolved in the U.S. Electricity Industry from a load management practitioners' perspective.

Click to Enlarge

Background

As PLMA refined and coordinated materials for the Demand Response Training Series, Michael Brown, NV Energy and Chair of the PLMA Education Committee, together with the Education Committee and PLMA Training Partners realized there was not a singular, agreed upon definition of Demand Response and the stages of its evolution (DR 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0) to help new and transitioning professionals, regulators, and lawmakers understand the growth and trends of the industry, so they set out to develop a harmonized, consistent definition, followed by a public comment period.  This definition is used across the three demand response training courses produced by PLMA. This topic was presented in a Demand Response Dialogue that included Michael Brown, NV Energy; Scott Coe; Ross Malme, Skipping Stone; and Stuart Schare, Navigant, on September 1, 2016 (Listen to the recording here) The discussion continued at the 34th PLMA Conference in Delray Beach, Florida, in November 2016, with a panel presentation Defining the Evolution of Demand Response: From 1.0 to 3.0 and Beyond, Moderated by Michael Brown, Berkshire Hathaway, NV Energy; with Ross Malme, Skipping Stone; Robin Maslowski, Navigant; Ray Pustinger, Alternative Energy Systems Consulting; Dennis Quinn, Joule Assets.

Demand Response Evolution

DR 1.0 – The Past

The beginning of demand response can be traced to the first interruptible tariffs for large commercial and industrial customers where utility staff called or paged a primary customer contact to manually change power consumption on-site with no immediate feedback in the utility control room, or the first one-way communication load-control devices installed on residential water heaters and air conditioners, or when wholesale markets were introduced to the US electricity industry. Then, demand response was primarily used to provide Energy (MWh) and/or Capacity (MW) when wholesale prices were unusually high, when there was a shortfall of generation or transmission capacity or during unexpected emergency grid operating situations. Notifications were typically manual day ahead or hour(s) ahead and the "system of record" for measurement and verification was usually the utility meter which was read on its regular cycle, often manually. There was little or no immediate customer feedback on performance during a demand response event.

DR 2.0 – The Present

Demand response has become an integral part of most wholesale electricity markets and grid operation systems in the United States. Not only can demand response-driven initiatives provide more precise energy and capacity to support wholesale marketplace activities, but demand response can now also provide more sophisticated and near-instantaneous Ancillary Services such as non-spinning and spinning reserves and frequency and voltage support. Measurement and verification has become much more sophisticated and near real time measurements (either utility or non-utility) are often used as "system of record" for confirmation of customer performance during demand response events and for customer feedback.

DR 3.0 – The Current Path to the Future

Demand response is evolving to be a component of broader distributed energy resources including distributed photovoltaic, electric vehicle charging, and various forms of energy/thermal storage both on a grid operating system scale as well as "behind of the meter" (BTM) i.e., on the customer's side . As a component of distributed energy resources (DER), demand response can now provide a wide variety of service benefits both to the grid operator and to the consumer and/or Prosumer (providing power and energy to the grid) including volt/var control, renewable energy integration, and congestion management in a localized distribution system. In wholesale markets, the demand response price signal has as its major underlying economic principle- to move the industry away from traditional "command-and-control" mechanisms in order to maintain its efficient grid operation role. In other words,  a price signal triggered directly by the utility or the system operator will no longer be a requirement in DR 3.0, but rather devices are pre-programmed to react to price thresholds. Utilities continue to rely on a grid signal such as voltage for emergencies and system peaks rather than on a price signal,  or it may be valued related to costs (e.g., avoiding a CT start).

Deleted:
Demand Response Evolution

Deleted:
Deleted:
DR 1.0 – The Past

Deleted:
The beginning of demand response can be traced to the first interruptible tariffs for large commercial and industrial customers where utility staff called or paged a primary customer contact to manually change power consumption on-site with no immediate feedback in the utility control room, or the first one-way communication load-control devices installed on residential water heaters and air conditioners, or when wholesale markets were introduced to the US electricity industry. Then, demand response was primarily used to provide Energy (MWh) and/or Capacity (MW) when wholesale prices were unusually high, when there was a shortfall of generation or transmission capacity or during unexpected emergency grid operating situations. Notifications were typically manual day ahead or hour(s) ahead and the "system of record" for measurement and verification was usually the utility meter which was read on its regular cycle, often manually. There was little or no immediate customer feedback on performance during a demand response event.

Deleted:
DR 2.0 – The Present

Deleted:
Demand response has become an integral part of most wholesale electricity markets and grid operation systems in the United States. Not only can demand response-driven initiatives provide more precise energy and capacity to support wholesale marketplace activities, but demand response can now also provide more sophisticated and near-instantaneous Ancillary Services such as non-spinning and spinning reserves and frequency and voltage support. Measurement and verification has become much more sophisticated and near real time measurements (either utility or non-utility) are often used as "system of record" for confirmation of customer performance during demand response events and for customer feedback.

Deleted:
DR 3.0 – The Current Path to the Future

Deleted:
Demand response is evolving to be a component of broader distributed energy resources including distributed photovoltaic, electric vehicle charging, and various forms of energy/thermal storage both on a grid operating system scale as well as behind (i.e., on the customer side) of the meter. As a component of distributed energy resources, demand response can now provide a wide variety of service benefits both to the grid operator and to the customer (who may be a Prosumer who provides as well as consumes grid power) including volt/var control, renewable energy integration, and localized distribution system congestion management. Where there are wholesale markets, demand response may have as its major underlying economic principle a price signal, which moves the industry away from traditional "command-and-control" mechanisms that will maintain a role for efficient grid operation. In other words, DR 3.0 is not triggered directly by the utility or the system operator, but rather automatically by devices that react to pre-programmed price thresholds; however, a price signal will not be a requirement. Utilities may continue to rely on a grid signal such as voltage, rather than a price signal, for emergencies and system peaks or it may be valued related to costs (e.g., avoiding a CT start).

Copyright © Load Management Encyclopedia, a wiki initiative facilitated by PLMA. All Rights Reserved.
<# print( 'Load Management Encyclopedia' ) #>


Interventions to enhance young people's communication are rarely based on research into adolescent communication, but take a more general, analytic, skills-based approach. This paper argues that evidence of young people's communication experiences is an important resource to inform the targeting and content of interventions, which has hitherto been overlooked. An exploratory, hypothesis-generating study of teenagers' accounts of their communication experiences was carried out. Four thousand and forty-eight adolescents aged 13-19 described a recent communication experience with (i) a family member, (ii) a friend or (iii) a non-family adult (professional or official). Self-reported bad communication experiences outweighed good ones only in adolescents' communications with adults outside the family, and there were significant variations across contexts in terms of the purposes, explanations and attributions for perceived bad communication. Implications of the research for future interventions are discussed.


The SystemColors type exposes the following members.
ActiveBorderColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of the active window's border.
ActiveCaptionColor Gets a Color structure that is the background color of the active window's title bar.
ActiveCaptionTextColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of the text in the active window's title bar.
AppWorkspaceColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of the application workspace.
ControlColor Gets a Color structure that is the face color of a three-dimensional display element.
ControlDarkColor Gets a Color structure that is the shadow color of a three-dimensional display element.
ControlDarkDarkColor Gets a Color structure that is the dark shadow color of a three-dimensional display element.
ControlLightColor Gets a Color structure that is the light color of a three-dimensional display element.
ControlLightLightColor Gets a Color structure that is the highlight color of a three-dimensional display element.
ControlTextColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of text in a three-dimensional display element.
DesktopColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of the desktop.
GrayTextColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of disabled text.
HighlightColor Gets a Color structure that is the background color of selected items.
HighlightTextColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of the text of selected items.
InactiveBorderColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of an inactive window's border.
InactiveCaptionColor Gets a Color structure that is the background color of an inactive window's title bar.
InactiveCaptionTextColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of the text of an inactive window's title bar.
InfoColor Gets a Color structure that is the background color for the ToolTip control.
InfoTextColor Gets a Color structure that is the text color for the ToolTip control.
MenuColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of a menu's background.
MenuTextColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of a menu's text.
ScrollBarColor Gets a Color structure that is the background color of a scroll bar.
WindowColor Gets a Color structure that is the background color in the client area of a window.
WindowFrameColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of a window frame.
WindowTextColor Gets a Color structure that is the color of the text in the client area of a window.


WASHINGTON (AP) — U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman John McCain kicked protesters out of a committee hearing Thursday, calling them "low-life scum" as they hollered for the arrest of one of the witnesses, former secretary of state Henry Kissinger.
U.S. Capitol Police Sgt. Kimberly Schneider said three people were removed from the room, but no arrests were made.
In a statement later, McCain noted a gap between the beginning of the protest and the arrival of officers.
The upheaval came Thursday during a committee hearing that also featured testimony from former secretaries of state Madeleine Albright and George P. Shultz, who were sitting at the witness table with Kissinger.
Code Pink protesters routinely interrupt congressional hearings and are ushered out by police. But Thursday's incident was different, McCain said, because the protesters came within inches of Kissinger and waved what appeared to be metal handcuffs near his head.
At one point, a protester alleged that from 1969 to 1973, Kissinger, who was a national security adviser to President Richard Nixon before being named secretary of state, "oversaw" the deaths of millions of people in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. The protester said many thousands more people died from the effects of the defoliant Agent Orange, or from unexploded U.S. ordnance littering the countryside.


text:
Best Nest Interiors Relocating to Virginia Beach
Inside Best Nest on Mason Street, the preeminent interior furnishings business on the lower Eastern Shore.
Another lower Mason Avenue business is leaving town.
Best Nest Interiors, located at 115 Mason Avenue, has announced that it will close its Cape Charles store after Monday, January 14.
The announcement came in an email from Town Council member Joan Natali to subscribers of "Cape Charles Happenings."
According to the announcement, Best Nest is relocating to the North Beach Shoppes on Shore Drive in Virginia Beach across the street from Kroger, one block from the bridge tunnel.
"We hope to continue to be a part of Cape Charles. Our home is here and we will maintain a warehouse here for our Cape Charles customers," owners John Selway and Nikki Schroeder wrote. "We will be keeping in touch with all of you as we make our exciting move to the 'big city.' We value all of the support we have received on the Eastern Shore for the last six years."
The owners anticipate opening the Virginia Beach store January 18.
Best Nest also once operated a store on Highway 13 in Cheriton but closed it several years ago.
Best Nest has furnished a number of prominent homes on the Eastern Shore, including the new Bay Creek house next to the lighthouse which recently sold for $1.2 million completely furnished.
The west end of Mason Avenue has seen several commercial departures recently, with the biggest hit being the closing of Bank of America at 201 Mason. The bank building subsequently was purchased by the Town of Cape Charles for use as a library.
Harbor Grille at 241 Mason Avenue closed in 2011, but Brown Dog Ice Cream opened at the same location this past July. However, Brown Dog is closed for the winter.
Before Brown Dog opened, a frozen yoghurt shop was planned for the 200 block of Mason, but the owners got no further than erecting a sign before work stopped. [Read more…]


Waking up in a mental hospital, seven strangers find themselves locked up in a dark psychiatric ward with no way out. They are faced with two choices, swallow the pill or take the shock. The reporter, the driver, the doctor, the lawyer, the professor, the journalist, and the bank clerk are pulling all the stops to prove that they are not ill. Or was it really the chief's mistake? Hello, Insanity is a thrilling and gently humorous reflection on humanity.
This performance will run approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes with one intermission. The play is performed in Mandarin Chinese.


What playlist have you guys setup?
Haven't used LB in a few months. Went into bigbox and noticed my startup video was just a green square with the correct sound, with no artifacts, as it's running on a very fast pc+nvme drive so it shouldn't be lagging in that regard. Inside bigbox, a good 1/3rd of my game videos are like this. For example, most of my snes videos playback fine, while most of my ps1 videos are green with sound. Videos are the same format. Things I tried that didn't work: Switching from VLC (current issue) to WMP. In WMP, the same issue occurs, although the green isn't present; it's just blank with sound. Tried playback from within Launchbox, and it has the same issue: so it's not due to bigbox. Updated to latest launchbox beta. Opened the video files manually from within VLC and they work fine. reinstalled VLC A bit confused. Never had any issues in the past. All videos (working and non-working) are in .m4v format. Any suggestions? Thank you!
Thanks for your link, neil. For those who are trying to batch multiple games and are thick like me, you simply run these files in the folder root of your games, and it will search all subdir. just make sure they are unzip'd.
K quickly uploaded everything for you and kondorito in the bottom of original post. alignment may be a bit off for you as it's made for my tv fyi. test the favorites/completed logos. mind sharing your glassbar background?
Building a ITX PC for emulation on the go. Would love some input!
seems good. i did a mITX build in a coolermaster 110 2 years ago. It worked great, but I had to get rid of it due to the need to add more hard drives this past year. No experience with the CM 130, but just be aware of heat with every additional piece you add. No problem running that generation of games on 2-3x upscales on a TV(4k), and even runs ps3 and modern pc games fine. For your reference, here is what I fit in the smaller box: Coolermaster 110 Case, Intel i5 6600k (not overclocked), 8 Gigs corsair ram, Geforce GTX 960, Asus H110i-Plus Mobo, 1 3tb Hard drive, 1 (2.5'') 500gb hard drive. Maybe have a look around at comparisons, as you can go older in hardware generation for the same result, at a reduced cost.
Love the theme, but there seems to be a bug in my testing. Platform and Platform Category views are not aligned properly for the video box (on the left). Both these views have the video pushed up higher than what is intended. It seems to be limited to this view, as I went through multiple consoles and the individual game video was aligned fine. It is only related to the platform/categories video appearance. This was tested both at 4k and 1080p, and using multiple video sizes.
Couldn't figure this one out. Goal: To startup bigbox in playlist view, with selectable/scrollable links to Genres/Series/Platforms. Couldn't find any features under the Playlists to accomplish this, and perhaps I overlooked something? I am aware of the different views with hotkeys etc in Bigbox, but just wanted to see if this was possible, to make it a more seamless/structured navigation. Thanks for the help!


Cheap flights from Washington DC to San Diego, California for only $122 roundtrip with American Airlines. Also works in reverse.
Cheap flights from Washington DC to Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania for only $652 roundtrip with KLM.
Cheap flights from Washington DC to Trinidad for only $298 roundtrip with Copa Airlines.


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Get ready for blue skies, turquoise waters, and white sand beaches!
Ever dream of sipping fruity cocktails on a white sand beach while working on your perfectly even tan? If you answered yes, that means you're ready to plan a trip to one of the best beach vacation spots in the world!
Aruba's main attractions are our beautiful beaches. Visitors from all over the world travel far and wide just to be able to spend some time on Aruba's world-class white sand beaches and make a splash in the crystal clear turquoise waters.
Ready to make your beach vacation dreams come true?
Keep reading! In this blog post, we will help you plan one of the very best Caribbean beach vacations possible.
What Makes a Great Beach Vacation Destination?
Since Aruba is completely surrounded by the Caribbean Sea, we have lots of great beaches to choose from, but no two Aruba beaches are the same, and each of them has their own special appeal. In order to make sure you pick the right beach holiday destination in Aruba to fit your travel needs, we have set up some criteria so we can easily compare them.
Here we will analyze several characteristics of the water like color, temperature and whether it is shallow or deep. These aspects are especially important to those who enjoy water sports and families traveling with young children.
The look and feel of the sand will be examined here. It takes a certain grade of beach sand to achieve the perfect mixture of sandcastle cement, after all! The condition of the sand also determines whether a beach is a good place to picnic and whether you should bring a beach chair or if a blanket will suffice.
What kind of beach is it really? This section explains the overall feel and ambiance of the beach. Do people come here to relax or are these water sports beach vacation destinations? Does it get crowded here, or are we in a remote area? We will break down all aspects of the beach's setting.
In this section, we explore the accommodation types that can be found on or near the beaches.
Here they are, 3 of our top-rated beach destinations you should visit for a one of a kind Caribbean beach vacation experience.
Eagle Beach is one of Aruba's most popular beaches. In 2017, it was even voted the 3rd Best Beach in the World by TripAdvisor! Anyone who has been to Aruba will agree that Eagle Beach is one of the best beach destinations, but what makes it so great? In the following sections, we will describe Eagle Beach based on the 4 criteria we mentioned earlier.
Like at most beaches in Aruba, the water at Eagle Beach is a beautiful crystal clear turquoise color. Currents are not too strong near the shore, making it a great beach for swimmers. The water gradually gets deeper; the depth may sometimes catch you by surprise if you run into the water too eagerly. We can't blame you though; the water looks so refreshingly tempting!
Eagle Beach has few watersports facilities. You can certainly enjoy some of the most popular water activities here, but it's not the main attraction of this beach. Most people visiting Eagle Beach are here to relax, splash around a bit or take a leisurely swim. This is the beach for relaxation!
The sand at eagle beach is powdery white. Don't forget to wear your sunglasses as the sunlight definitely reflects on these pearly white grains. The beach is very large. Not only does it occupy quite a bit of the Aruban coastline, it is also broad, meaning that there is a lot of sand between the very start of the beach and the water. This is great because there will always be enough space for everyone without the beach feeling overcrowded.
In the sand, there are several palapas (palm leaf umbrellas) for those who would rather relax in the shade. These are accessible to all beachgoers, first come, first serve!
Eagle Beach is the perfect location for that classic relaxing day at the beach.
Every year for a few months you will find some red and white barricades on Eagle Beach, these are meant to protect turtle nests during nesting season. The turtles hatch mostly around sunset and at night, but if you're around to witness it, consider yourself very lucky. Four species of sea turtles nest in Aruba: Leatherback, Loggerhead, Green, and Hawksbill. Please keep a safe distance and don't make too much noise if you see a turtle or turtle nest on the beach. We don't want to scare or harm them! There's enough beach for all of us, so please make sure to be considerate and respect the turtles' privacy.
The Eagle Beach area is the home of some smaller resorts and boutique hotels like Manchebo Beach Resort & Spa, Bucuti & Tara Beach Resort, La Cabana Beach Resort and Casino, MVC Eagle Beach Aruba, and Amsterdam Manor Beach Resort Aruba. These properties provide intimate personalized service, making them very popular with repeat guests. You will also find some condominiums and apartments in and around the Eagle Beach area; some examples are Oasis Luxury Condominiums, Oceania Residences, and Bubali Bliss Studios.
Aruba's Palm Beach is another one of the island's most popular beach destinations. The glorious two-mile-long strip of powdery white sand is a dream come true for avid beach goers. Palm Beach has something special to offer to any visitor.
The water at Palm Beach is very similar to the water of Eagle Beach. The water temperature is nice and warm and currents are very forgiving allowing for a nice swim!
The beach is dotted with watersports concessions so you will never run out of things to do in the water! From jet skiing to parasailing and from snorkeling to sailing, you name it, Palm Beach has it!
Aside from watersports concessions, you will also find lots of palapas that cast a cool shade onto the warm fine sands. Perfect for laying out in the sand without getting too warm. Remember, you will still tan under a palapa, so don't forget to slather on that sunblock!
You could spend an entire day at Palm Beach without ever getting bored! There are tons of activities you can enjoy here. There is always a joyous fun ambiance with some great bars and restaurants located along the beach. While Palm Beach is significantly busier than Eagle Beach, you can still choose this location for a day of relaxation. You can enjoy the numerous amenities or simply rent a chair and sip on an Aruba Ariba cocktail as you listen to the calming sounds of the waves crashing into the shore.
The accommodation options are almost endless if you wish to stay on Palm Beach. When traveling here, many visitors opt to stay in the high-rise area. You will find a large deluxe ocean view beach resorts here. Most of them even offer free beach chairs upon reservation! Some popular choices are Aruba Marriott Resort & Stellaris Casino, Hyatt Regency Aruba Resort & Casino, and Hilton Aruba Caribbean Resort & Casino.
The Palm Beach area also offers some smaller cozy hotels and vacation rentals just minutes away from the beach.
When staying in this area, you will be delighted by the selection of restaurants available. Try something new for dinner every evening when exploring the ever-popular Palm Beach strip!
Mangel Halto is working its way up the ranks as one of the most popular beaches on the island! Previously a hidden gem, Mangel Halto is a great snorkeling beach in Pos Chiquito that can easily be recognized by the beautiful clear water surrounded by mangroves.
The waters at Mangel Halto are shallow and very clear, making it one of Aruba's top snorkeling locations. The mangroves in the water house a very diverse ecosystem of sea life to be explored. Another popular activity on the water of Mangel Halto is glass bottom boat sailing; this way you get to stay dry (for the most part) while still enjoying a great view of what goes on underneath the surface. The waters are also great for swimming and splashing around with kids, as it does not get very deep near the shore.
This beach has a unique set up. There are some areas with white powdery sand close to the water. There are also some sections where the sand is tightly packed onto the ground. Most visitors choose to have their family picnics in these areas because there's less chance of sand blowing into your basket. Both areas are equipped with palapas, but there aren't nearly as many as you would find on an Eagle or Palm Beach, as Mangel Halto is significantly smaller. There is also a nice pier where visitors can enjoy the view and snap some Instagram worthy pictures.
Mangel Halto is a great place to meet locals and connect with families, especially on Sundays. There is a small bar and restaurant right next to the beach in case you need any extra supplies like snacks or ice.
Since there are no large hotels in the area, the small beach is never overcrowded. It has a relaxing atmosphere and it is a great location to meet up with friends or just take a refreshing dip in the Caribbean Sea.
Mangel Halto is a part of the Savaneta / Pos Chiquito area. This is a lovely tranquil residential area with a few small boutique hotels. If you are looking to stay in a quiet fisherman's town with beautiful spacious vacation rentals, you will love the neighborhoods near Mangel Halto. Some rentals are even walking distance from the beach. Be sure to check out websites like Airbnb to secure your temporary dream home in the Savaneta or Pos Chiquito area!
Book Your Great Beach Vacation Package Now!
Every beach mentioned in this blog post has something to appeal to any traveler. We can't pick a favorite, but one thing's for sure; the best beach vacations are enjoyed on the One happy island.
Now you know what criteria to consider when picking your Aruban beach vacation destination! Whether you choose Eagle Beach, Palm Beach, Mangel Halto or any of our other superb beaches, you are guaranteed to have a great time.
We recommend checking out our Aruba Deals & Offers page to save big on your next trip. Find those great deals and start booking your Aruba beach getaway now!


Rubber antioxidant is a kind of additive which is added during the production to prevent rubber aging. The common rubber antioxidants are aromatic amine, which are mainly used in tires, belts, hoses, cables, etc.
This report focuses on the Rubber Antioxidant in global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.
China is the dominate producer of rubber antioxidant, the production was 346 K MT in 2016, accounting for about 56.58% of the total amount. Besides that, China also is the largest consumer, with the sales volume of 310.8 K MT in 2016, occupied about 50.83% market share. And in the following years, China is expected to maintain the leading status.
The industry concentration of rubber antioxidant is relatively high. Eastman, Kumho Petrochemical, Lanxess, Agrofert(Duslo) once monopolized the industry, occupied almost 80% of the market share. While with the rubber industry shift to the east, Chinese rubber additives manufacturers seize the opportunity and realize the rapid development. In 2016, the above international companies only occupied about 29.95% market share. Leading players in China are Jiangsu Sinorgchem Technology, Xian Yu-Chem, Kemai Chemical, Sunsine. Jiangsu Sinorgchem Technology is the largest manufacturer, with the sales market share of 20.96% in 2016.
Under the influence of raw material, market competitions and economic conditions, the price of rubber antioxidant was lower year by year from 2736 $/MT in 2012 to 2451 $/MT in 2016. In 2017, with the higher price of raw materials and increasingly stricter environmental protection requirements, the price of rubber antioxidant has a certain level of rising.
The worldwide market for Rubber Antioxidant is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly 3.2% over the next five years, will reach 1980 million US$ in 2023, from 1640 million US$ in 2017, according to a new GIR (Global Info Research) study.
There are 15 Chapters to deeply display the global Rubber Antioxidant market.


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Obituary – Slim Whitman
One of the biggest-selling musicians in the history of country and western
Ottis Dewey Whitman Jr (Slim Whitman), guitarist, singer and songwriter: born Tampa, Florida 20 January 1924; married 1941 Geraldine Crisp (died 2009; one son, one daughter); died Orange Park, Florida 19 June 2013.
From The Independent 19th June 2013
Slim Whitman was one of the biggest-selling country and western performers. He became famous with such classic 1950s singles as "Rose Marie", "Indian Love Call" and "I'll Take You Home Again, Kathleen" and then 20 years later recorded a succession of best-selling TV-marketed albums. In November 1991 he joined Bryan Adams on stage at Wembley Arena and sang "Rose Marie", which had topped the chart for a record 11 consecutive weeks. He then presented Adams with a plaque for breaking his achievement with "(Everything I Do) I Do It For You".
Ottis Dewey Whitman Jr became Slim Whitman in homage to the country star Montana Slim (Wilf Carter). He was born into a family of five children in Tampa, Florida in 1924. His family was musical and he became intrigued by Jimmie Rodgers' records and found that he could emulate his yodel. Because of a stammer he was unhappy at school and left as soon as he could.
He sang at the Church of the Brethren and there in 1938 he met the new minister's daughter, Geraldine Crisp. They married in 1941; he regarded his marriage as crucial to his success as she gave him standards he might otherwise have lacked. Despite being a country singer (and however improbable this may sound), he never sang about bar-rooms and adultery. He told me, "If I'm given new songs to look at and one of them is about drinking, I'll ask for the next. I don't care how good it is. I know that songs about the boozer sell a lot of records, but I won't sing them. Many of the songs are about a guy in a bar-room with another man's wife and I won't touch those either. David Houston may have sold a million with 'Almost Persuaded' but I would never have recorded it."


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'Furious 7' Passes 'The Avengers' to Become the Third Highest Grossing Movie of All Time
Breaking news: people all over the world really like fast cars, movie stars, and constant references to family. Related: Furious 7 has just become the third highest grossing movie of all time, overtaking 2012's The Avengers.
The Fast and Furious franchise has made a habit of shattering any and all expectations. What originally began as a forgettable Point Break rip-off slowly evolved into the definitive action franchise of the past decade. Later films found ways to incorporate the weaker entries in the mythology. Big names constantly joined the cast. Somehow, each film managed to get bigger than the last in terms of box office and scope. The crazier the series got, the more audiences responded. With Furious 7, they've responded to the tune of $1,520,032,910 worldwide. Here's how it stands in the list of the 10 highest grossing movies of all time:
1. Avatar, $2,787,965,087
2. Titanic, $2,186,772,302
3. Furious 7, $1,520,032,910
4. The Avengers, $1,518,594,910
5. Avengers: Age of Ultron, $1,364,888,953
6. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2, $1,341,511,219
7. Frozen, $1,279,852,693
8. Iron Man 3, $1,215,439,994
9. Transformers: Dark of the Moon, $1,123,794,079
10. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, $1,119,929,521
This list doesn't take inflation into account, but it's still impressive stuff. No one saw this coming. But hey, this is what you get when you have an ensemble of ethnically diverse and likable performers, a skilled director in the form of James Wan, a canny producer who knows what the people want, and enough wacky car action to appeal to any nation on the globe. Sure, Avengers: Age of Ultron is also in that top 10, but it kinda' feels like Vin Diesel and company have stolen Marvel's thunder this weekend.
Furious 7 is about to end its theatrical run, so don't expect it to go much further than this. Both Titanic and Avatar are still entrenched in those top two spaces and, with the possible exception of Star Wars: The Force Awakens, no one seems capable of dethroning them for the time being. Still, a crazy car chase movie gave two of the splashiest blockbusters of all time a run for their money. There are no words for how impressive that is.
Source: 'Furious 7' Passes 'The Avengers' to Become the Third Highest Grossing Movie of All Time
Filed Under: avengers, Fast and Furious, Furious 7, Paul Walker, Vin Diesel
Categories: Entertainment, Movies, News


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Zoonotic diseases play a major role in medical research and for the conservation biology of threatened species in the tropics. The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is a highly endangered folivorous primate, which forms harem (one-male) and bachelor (all-male) groups in lowland tropical rainforests of Borneo. The colobine acts as a primate flagship species for conservation in Malaysia. Anthropogenic habitat loss and fragmentation are its most important threats, notably along the river Kinabatangan in Sabah. A better knowledge of the behavior and health status of proboscis monkeys may improve their conservation and the management of local populations. The aim of this study is therefore a non-invasive assessment of the intestinal parasite fauna and the analysis of important determinants of parasite load in wild and semi-wild proboscis monkey groups. We investigate and compare those aspects in harem and bachelor groups of the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary as well as from the Labuk Bay Sanctuary in Sabah to assess intestinal parasite communities and to link them to social grouping patterns, host density, temporal variations, and habitats to gain first insight into their significance for zoonotic diseases and the design of effective management strategies.
Röper, K.M.; Klaus, A.; Scheumann, M.; Wiechert, A.K.; Owren, M.J.; Nathan, K.S.S.; Goossens, B.; Zimmermann, E. (2013): Loud calling in an endangered primate of Borneo, the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus): vocal activity and acoustic characteristics. 13th Conference of the Gesellschaft für Primatologie, Hamburg, 6.2.-8.2.2013, p. 64.


The London Gay Symphony Orchestra was founded in May 1996 by a group of friends led by Robin Gordon-Powell, who was the Orchestra's first conductor. The Orchestra rapidly grew in size and in October 1996 gave its first performances as a full symphony orchestra at London's Drill Hall.
Two decades later and the LGSO now performs five full concerts per year, plus a variety of regular and ad-hoc extras. Concerts are regularly held at St Sepulchre Without Newgate, in the City, as well as occasional outings to major London venues such as St John's Smith Square, Cadogan Hall or the Southbank Centre for special occasions.
Currently the orchestra plays predominantly in London, with an occasional outing to Brighton, and sometimes even further afield to visit our sister orchestras in Cologne (2016) and Paris (2008), and hope to visit many others in the future.
During the past twenty-one years, the LGSO has taken part in a wide range of activities and events, including performances at festivals in the UK, collaborations with many of the UK's LGBT choirs as well as choirs from across the world as part of Various Voices 2010, Queer Zagreb in 2004 and of course at various Pride events in London. Some of our collaborations include being conducted by winner of BBC 2's The Maestro, Sue Perkins, recording the score to the cult film Pervirella, and performing with Jimmy Somerville, Simon Callow and Rosalind Plowright.
making a contribution to LGBT life in London and beyond.
With an active membership in excess of 150 people (not all playing at once of course!), the orchestra is as much a social group as a musical one; like many LGBT+ groups, the Orchestra was formed to give people the opportunity to do something they enjoy in a friendly and supportive environment without the fear of encountering prejudice.
With so many talented and keen musicians, we are very proud to have created two additional groups to add to the family. The London Gay Symphonic Winds was created in 2005 to cater for our overspill of wind players; since then it has taken on a life of its own and with a playing membership of over 50, can now be seen performing at bandstands across London, marching in the Pride Parade and has regular sit-down concerts throughout the year. More recently, the London Gay Big Band was formed in late 2011, and immediately took off; they can be seen performing at events and gigs across the city and beyond. We also cater for the keen singers amongst you, with an occasional 'scratch chorus' for the occasions that we need one; recent performances of the LGSO Chorus have included Verdi's Requiem and Walton's Belshazzar's Feast.
The LGSO is a very keen supporter of other charities; either playing at events or each concert we offer one charity a platform to speak and take a retiring collection. In these ways we have supported numerous charities over the years, including Opening Doors London, The Food Chain, Red Ribbon International, Pride Arts Festival, Crusaid, The Albert Kennedy Trust, Kairos, East London Out Project, Galop, Meningitis Trust, Diversity Role Models and the Apollo Music Project … to name but a few!
If you play an instrument and are interested in playing with us, please see the JOINING page of this site, otherwise we hope to see you at our next concert – see the CONCERTS page for details.


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peek >> << backSoutheast corner of Half and M streets, Aug. 2005.
275,000-sq-ft office building developed by Monument Realty; construction begun in 2007, opened in 2009
West entrance to Navy Yard-Ballpark station reconfigured during 55 M's construction
Sold To Hines Global REIT in late 2013
Retail tenants: Bank of America, Buffalo Wild Wings, Navy Yard Dental, Dryy (2019);
JDLand News Items: 55 M Street
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May 19, 2019 - A view of 55 M 10 years after completion. The glass on the ground-floor corner encloses the entrance to the Navy Yard-Ballpark subway station.
July 18, 2006 - What the southeast corner of Half and M looked like before. The Navy Yard Metro station west entrance is here, having opened in 1991.
Nov. 8, 2015 - National chain Buffalo Wild Wings arrived in the building's southern Half Street retail space in late 2015. A second restaurant, Chix, opened next door a few months later, but lasted less than a year.
Nov. 16, 2015 - The Buffalo Wild Wings interior. See more photos from its opening morning in this gallery.
A view from one of the baseball stadium parking garages, looking north of the Monument Half Street footprint, in January 2009. The 55 M Street office building is at the far end of the block; the rest of the block was excavated at the same time, but construction didn't happen until the land was sold and a new developer erected the 1250 Half/Envy residential buildings. (1/25/09)
Looking at the entrance the Navy Yard Metro station on Half Street, two months after it was closed for expansion. (2/24/07)
January 25, 2009 - The same location, with the renovations of the Metro station completed. While the escalators are still in the same spot, the entrance to the station is now about 30 feet south down Half Street.
Backing away a bit to show the south side of M Street west of First, in September 2006. The Normandie Liquors building seen here was demolished in early 2008. (09/06)
May 19, 2019 - The same location, with 55 M having changed landscape considerably (along with 20 M to its north and the clearing of the block to its east.
Another view of Half and M, in February 2006. (02/06)
November 3, 2019 - The same location, completed. Nationals Park is visible at the end of the street. WMATA spent $20 million to upgrade the station's west entrance to handle 15,000 visitors an hour (the same as the Stadium/Armory station), increasing the number of fare gates and vending machines, adding two elevators and relocating the station kiosk, fare gates and fare vendors from the mezzanine to the street entrance. It reopened on March 28, 2008.
A close-up view of the southwest corner of Cushing and M, in May 2006. (5/20/06)
The same location, long after the building was completed and not quite a year after Bank of America moved into the retail space. (2/10/13)
The southern side of M at Half in July, 2006. (07/06)
January 6, 2019 - The same location.
The southern end of 55 M, along Half, will be at a new "Monument Street," which will allow not only for a cut-through to the hotel entrance on Cushing but also for additional corner retail spaces along Half Street. Here's the general location of Monument Street, then a WMATA employee parking lot, in January 2006. (01/06)
January 25, 2009 - The same location, with construction nearly complete.
55 M (right middle) commands center stage when looking north from inside Nationals Park. At least until the residential portion of the project on the south end of the block gets underway. (8/3/08)
Dryy Coming to 55 M; August Doldrums Tidbit Catcher
District Department of Transportation Looking to Move to 250 M
Tidbits: A Dentist, Biscuits, Roof Tiles, Road Closures, and a Tour
Chix Now Open on Half Street SE
Fast Casual Restaurant Chix Coming to Half Street in Summer 2016
First Buffalo Wild Wings in DC Now Open on Half Street
Pacers Running Opening Oct. 21; Buffalo Wild Wings Nov. 16
Buffalo Wild Wings Looking to Come to Half Street Near Nats Park
55 M Street Sold to Hines Global REIT
Bank of America Branch Opens at 55 M Today
Bank of America Branch at 55 M Coming July 23?
Tuesday Tidbits: Best Evaluated by Volume, Not Weight
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