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How Authors Get Police Procedures Right
Posted on January 14, 2020 by Victoria
Guest Post: Author John Schembra
Are you writing police mystery-thrillers? Want to get the policing details right? I do too, though I may have an advantage, having been a police officer for 30 years in Contra Costa County, east of San Francisco.
The home setting for my books is the San Francisco Police Department, but sometimes my characters must seek the help of or coordinate with other departments or federal agencies. Cross-jurisdictional situations present a challenge for writers, as not all law enforcement agencies conduct investigations the same way. General investigative protocols are roughly the same, but every department will have its own set of procedures. These differences may affect evidence collection, interrogations, interviews, use-of-force policies, and so on. The list is long.
Meanwhile, your readers have diverse backgrounds, which means there is always that person out there who will know if you make a mistake—and probably tell you so. Research is critical. Knowing how a particular agency conducts investigations, along with its personnel's everyday duties, adds realism and actually makes the writing simpler, helping you manage the possibilities.
Getting police procedures right has other benefits too. It can make a difference in whether readers believe your story, which has a big impact on whether they like your work overall. If they do, your book could show up in a favorable review, and your fans can give it good marks in discussions with other potential readers. Unfortunately, if you get those details wrong, it could mean a less than sterling review, and none of us want that.
But how do you conduct the research you need? The best way is to talk to a police officer from the agency you are writing about. In my books, set in the SFPD, I was lucky that my best friend's son and daughter-in-law were SFPD officers, and the wife was a forensics and crime scene technician. They were a big help whenever I needed answers to a procedural question.
In addition, I'm a member of the Public Safety Writers' Association, whose membership is made up of people from around the country with police, fire, emergency medical service, and military backgrounds and the people who write about them. That network is unfailingly helpful to writers.
If the agency in your book is fictitious, model its procedures after an agency that resembles it. Look for one of similar size, serving a community with similar demographics, and use its procedures.
Very likely the agency you're using as a setting will have a website, and you can contact (via email) the public information officer. I have found them to be very accommodating and willing to help. They want policing information to be correct too!
Bottom line: getting it right is satisfying and enjoyable for readers and, I believe, makes the story easier to write. It enables you to cover the all-important details that will make your readers feel they were there.
John Schembra spent a year with the 557th MP Company at Long Binh, South Vietnam, in 1970. His experiences as a combat MP contributed to his first book, M.P., A Novel of Vietnam. Upon completing his military service, John joined the Pleasant Hill (California) Police Department in Contra Costa County. In 2001, he retired from there as a Sergeant, after 30 years of service. His second novel, Retribution (2007), describes homicide detective Vince Torelli's hunt for a serial killer. Since then, he's published two more novels featuring Torelli—Diplomatic Immunity (2012)and Blood Debt (2019)—as well as the stand-alone, Sin Eater (2016).
Posted in Detective, First Draft Blog, Police, writing	| Tagged John Schembra	| 1 Reply
A Juicy Idea
Posted on January 7, 2020 by Victoria
The origin stories of novels are as varied as their authors. The idea for the Harry Potter series first came to J.K. Rowling while traveling on a train delayed between Manchester and London. (No more whining about airport delays, please. Use your time wisely). Lee Child has variously attributed the creation of Jack Reacher to sheer commercial motivation and as "an antidote to the all the depressed and miserable alcoholics that peopled the genre." The writing duo of Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child, authors of several crime thriller series, began by leveraging the pair's publishing and museum experience.
In the firehose of information about authors and their books that flows across my computer screen daily, I recently noticed another intriguing origin story. A mother and son duo created a new book called The Gourmet Gangster. It combines episodes in the life of a fictional New York gangster who owns an upscale restaurant with real recipes the apocryphal restaurant serves. And the book's roots are as quirky as the title suggests. Here's how it came about, according to author Marcia Rosen.
"I wrote the mysteries, and my son Jory provided the recipes. Together we created some murderous titles and decided which types of food would best fit the stories." These titles include "He's a Dead Duck" paired with a recipe for Duck à l'Orange and a recipe for "The Quiche (Kiss) of Death."
But the impetus for the collection goes even deeper. Marcia says in the book's epilogue that her father was a Jewish gangster in Buffalo, New York, who owned a gambling hall and consorted with a tribe of colorful local characters. She says: "Remembering my father, and picturing him at a restaurant he owned when I was a teenager, initially inspired me to write about events set in a restaurant.
"I'm a mystery writer, so of course they had to be about murder, mayhem and, I thought, a fun bit of madness. Loving short stories, I decided to write a series of short mysteries, all involving the same criminal organization and taking place in a restaurant called Manhattan Shadow. The stories are from my vivid and sometimes frightening imagination, played out for the pleasure of mystery lovers.
"The idea of adding recipes made good sense, since my father was a chef. Level Best Books, our publisher, suggested putting a recipe before each story. 'Great idea,' I responded. 'My son is a fabulous cook; he can create the recipes.'" And that's how Marcia and Jory ended up with "The Chicken Piccata Caper," "The Sacrificial Lamb," and, of course, "A Deadly Delicious Dessert," based on Marcia's father's recipe for donuts.
Says Marcia, "As I considered mystery stories for the book, I thought about places familiar to me. One story, 'He's A Dead Duck,' was a reminder of a duck pond we lived near on Long Island, years ago. I loved the idea of creating a story beginning with a duck recipe!"
Son Jory (a marketing/advertising executive by day) adds, "In my family, today, we truly look forward to our evening meals. I have three kids (two girls, ages 9 and 7, and a boy, age 3). My grandfather would have adored them. What I cook allows my children to get know my grandfather through every bite of the cuisine he created. I hope the recipes in my mother's book inspire good memories and experiences in others, too."
"Really," Marcia says, "I'm deadly serious!" Read more about Marcia's writing and her series, The Senior Sleuths, on her website.
Posted in Crime, Fiction, First Draft Blog, writing	| Tagged Marcia Rosen	| 2 Replies
The Blues Are More Than a Color
Posted on October 16, 2019 by Victoria
Authors appreciate the power of color to not just describe a shade but evoke an emotion. How different is your reaction to a woman's dress described as sky blue (flirty) versus electric blue (bold) versus navy (conservative)? The color choices tell you not just about the dress, but something about the wearer as well.
The colors of things are such distinctive characteristics that we have a full palette of clichés about them—another reason to give their descriptions careful attention in your prose.
Sherwin-Williams, the paint people who each year bring us the "color of the year" (read my take on their ironic choice of Living Coral for 2019) puts well-spent energy into trend forecasting. And there definitely are color trends. One of them may show up on the cover of your next book. Certain colors are so trendy that they age quickly and not well. The 2020 Color of the Year, by the way: Naval. Good old navy blue.
S-W's color aces have announced the company's colormix forecast for 2020. Their several palettes are lumped under the rubric of "wellness," because, they say, designers are seeking colors that enhance social, spiritual, physical, and emotional factors. Go for it! Interestingly, a S-W marketing manager looks to our world in describing her goals: "Designers want color to enhance the story they are telling." Raising my hand.
You might check whether one of the S-W palettes inspires an overall feel for a character or setting you're working on. Scandi authors will likely stick with gray. Or, maybe you just need to repaint your office. A collection of some of my favorite books about color, described here and here too.
Photo: jpeter2 for Pixabay, creative commons license
Posted in Book, First Draft Blog, Words, writing	| Tagged blue
Deadly Ink: "Everybody Wins"
Posted on August 7, 2019 by Victoria
The annual Deadly Ink conference held in northern New Jersey last weekend was loads of fun. Guest of Honor Wendy Corsi Staub was a lively presence and toastmaster Dick Belsky charmed. I saw a number of old friends, met authors I admire, and was delighted to be included on several panels. Yesterday's post reviewed some of the discussion about "character."
The panel on noir stories and hard-boiled characters risked bogging down in semantics but clearly demonstrated the many shades of black actually out there. Apologies if you've read this here before, but I offered Dennis Lehane's definition of noir: In a tragedy, a man falls from a great height (Macbeth, the Greeks, Chinatown); in noir, he falls from the curb. Panelist Rich Zahradnik provided another good one: "In noir, nobody wins."
Hard-boiled stories usually involve a detective who is not emotionally involved or is struggling not to be. Humphrey Bogart's portrayals of Sam Spade (written by Dashiell Hammett) and Philip Marlowe (Raymond Chandler) epitomize the genre. Cynical and street-smart, not reliant on the intellectual powers of Sherlock Holmes or the "little grey cells" of Hercule Poirot.
The hard-boiled character nevertheless gets the job done. Occasionally crossing my path are books that are too dark. They feature down-and-out characters living in filthy apartments who smoke and drink too much; some of them can't think beyond their next fix. I don't find them interesting. With four strikes against them already, whaddaya know, they make (more) bad decisions. Give me a character who at least has the opportunity to make choices.
With me on this panel were Charles Salzberg (whose Swann character operates on the fringes of society, but has plenty of agency), Al Tucher (whose work features a smart and tough prostitute), and moderator Dick Belsky.
In the session on story setting, historical mystery author Annamaria Alfieri said she chooses her location first (British East Africa, for example), then the time period in which that place offered the most interesting fictional possibilities.
Panelists' strategies for establishing a strong sense of place included attention to the small details and local idiosyncrasies (lots of research here, including site visits for contemporary works), plus making sure to describe the character's emotional reaction to the location. If you could pick a San Francisco story up and move it four hundred miles south to Los Angeles, you should end up with a different story. New Orleans isn't New York, and South Carolina isn't South Dakota.
Of course, panelists and audience alike thought Al Tucher is onto something with his new book set in Hawai`i. "It's a research trip." Yeah, right.
This and yesterday's post about "character" are a small sample of the conference's varied and interesting program. Whether you're a writer or a fan, be there in person in 2020!
Photo: Sebastien Wiertz, creative commons license
Posted in Author, Fiction, First Draft Blog, Storytelling, writing	| Tagged Deadly Ink, hardboiled, noir, setting
Deadly Ink: Characters
Very possibly I made an impression on my daughter's new in-laws last month when I said how, with most women, you can talk to them about their careers or their kids or what they're reading, but in my case you could talk about blood spatter.
You might think this would have been a conversation-stopper, but my daughter's new sister-in-law immediately launched into how her son had bled so profusely after knocking his head on the kitchen counter. "Oh yes," I said knowingly, "scalp wounds. Lots of blood." It pays to know your stuff.
I added to my trove of crime and thriller lore this past weekend at the annual Deadly Ink conference, an intimate group of crime and thriller writers and readers, mostly from New Jersey and its Manhattan suburbs. It's a great place to expound upon crime-writing topics and to hobnob with other like-minded folk. Guest of Honor this year was energetic and down-to-earth author Wendy Corsi Staub, who participated beginning to end, and our Toastmaster was Dick Belsky.
I ended up on three panels, Character (you need them!), the Dark Side (who, me?), and Building Suspense. The only suspense was whether I could think of something useful to contribute. Regardless, the panels were all lively and fun and, since almost no one ran out screaming and demanding their money back, they may have actually been useful or, possibly, entertaining.
I had made some modest preparations for the Character panel and focused my remarks on what I'd brushed up on, character description. Sometimes writers describe characters readers only see once or twice. Not necessary.. Sometimes they give a complete height-weight-eye color (so often green, have you noticed?)-hair color-complexion rundown. Also not necessary, I said, except when these details are relevant to the story, like six-foot, full-figured Monica Ludd, who uses her size to intimidate (or seduce) in Maggie Gee's new novel Blood, reviewed yesterday.
I cited Stephen King in On Writing, who says a character's description begins in the writer's imagination and ends in the reader's imagination. No need for details. Let your readers fill in. When they do, they own the character and that's exactly what you want! For King's character Carrie White, all he said was that she was a high school outcast with bad skin and a fashion-victim wardrobe. What more is needed? We've all known and maybe sometimes been that person.
That led to a discussion of how the movie version of a character can become our indelible picture of a character—Tom Selleck as Jesse Stone, Robert Taylor as Walt Longmire—and what happens when that picture conflicts with our internal picture—Tom Cruise as Jack Reacher. Total fail.
Donald Maass (Writing 21st Century Fiction) further points out the paradox that the more unique you make your characters the more universal they are. Readers can latch onto some aspect of a character and relate to it, almost no matter what. What you don't want are bland, generalized, two-dimensional characters with no unredeeming attributes. Give them flaws! Too-perfect characters are boring and not believable.
This excellent panel was moderated by Lynn Marron and included the estimable Jane Kelly, D.W Maroney, and Dick Belsky.
(Tomorrow: More from Deadly Ink)
Posted in First Draft Blog, Storytelling, writing	| Tagged D.W. Maroney, Deadly Ink, Dick Belsky, Jane Kelly, Lynn Marron, writers
Prose by Any Other Name
With more than 4,500 new books published every day in the U.S., the odds of coming up with a unique title would seem to evaporate by the minute. No surprise, then, that when you search for a book by title, you often have to scroll through a lot of misses to get your hit. Amazon had 10 books with the same title as a short story collection I recently reviewed!
In Emily Temple's recent Literary Hub encomium on the naming of Iris Murdoch's The Sea, The Sea, she says, notice first "the incantatory effect of the repetition, the rush of sibilance, the plain punch of those four syllables," not to mention, I'd add, the evocation of the sea itself: sssssss . . . sssssssss. "It just sounds good, and any great title should sound good," she says. Beyond that is the title's provenance, which goes back to Greek literature. While this distinguished patrimony may not resonate with most of us, she says, "It's also, not for nothing, a band name." More news.
We can think of any number of novels whose titles perfectly encapsulate their core: Rosemary's Baby (Ira Levin) or, more recently, Below the Fold (Dick Belsky), and Where the Crawdads Sing (Delia Owens). Way too many book titles provide no memory-jog about their contents, as a scan of your own bookshelf will prove.
Distinctiveness
I've reviewed almost 175 new crime/thriller novels for CrimeFictionLover.com over the past four-plus years, and occasionally need to find one on my list. Some titles recall the book immediately. Others leave me wondering, did I read this??
One strategy is to include the name of a person or place in the title: A Gentleman in Moscow, Wolf Hall, Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine. Such a title will be distinctive, but since the prospective book buyer doesn't yet know who Eleanor Oliphant is, it may not be memorable. Lincoln in the Bardo works because you know who Lincoln is, even if, like me, you have to look up "the bardo."
Overfamiliarity
Gone Girl and the cover with the flying hair was suitable and distinctive. Not so the—dozens? hundreds?—of girl-titles that followed. So many the effect was lost. At least AJ Finn, whatever his other foibles, had a woman at his window. Similarly, The Twelve Lives of Samuel Hawley (with a bullet-ridden dust-jacket), suitable, distinctive, even though we don't know him yet, has now been followed by The 7 1/2 Deaths of Evelyn Hardcastle. A little too similar for my taste, but both titles contain a puzzle. Even a cat has only nine lives and one death. A little snare for your memory.
Being suitable and distinctive are ways of making your book title memorable. Given that word of mouth is one of your most potent marketing tools, you want to make sure the title of your book springs to the tongues of your many fans. When their friends seek it out, you want them to find your book, not twelve other people's. Those right few words on the cover are hard to come by, but worth every effort.
Posted in Book, First Draft Blog, Novel, writing	| Tagged title
Navigating Oceans of Words
From time to time, my writing group has included a member whose first language is other than English. It's only when you tackle editing the prose of such an individual that you begin to appreciate what an unwieldy beast American English is.
A stunning recent reminder of this came in Reuben Westmaas's essay on word order. It turns out that English has a very precise requirements for stringing along adjectives. Who knew? I didn't.
Here is Westmaas quoting Mark Forsyth: "Adjectives absolutely have to be in this order: opinion-size-age-shape-color-origin-material-purpose Noun. [Really?] So you can have a lovely little old rectangular green French silver whittling knife. But if you mess with that order in the slightest you'll sound like a maniac."
It's mind-bogglingly true. Try rearranging this example: "I just bought nice new wine refrigerator" (opinion-age-purpose-Noun) These insights, which most of us have internalized since "See Spot chase the big red ball" (size-color-Noun) and not thought of again—not even thought of as reflecting a thing, like a rule–are from Mark Forsyth's 2013 book, The Elements of Eloquence.
I'm sure glad that decades of reading and listening have imprinted that rule in my brain so that I don't have to actually think about it. I've also abandoned any thought of teaching ESL.
A second problem is our language is jam-packed with idioms. To a German-born friend, I suggested a book I was currently in love with—The Big Sky, one of Pulitzer-winner A B Guthrie. Jr.'s six monumental novels about the Oregon Trail and the development of Montana. To me, it was a perfect evocation of the American sense of the limitless possibilities of "going West" (alas, fading now), of being independent and free, of the frontier.
I foolishly didn't recognize that the idioms were thick as the forests, and not just modern (for 1947) idioms. It employed colorful uses of language that would make sense to an 1830 fur trapper and his backwoods brethren rafting on the Missouri River. And here I thought the language was absurdly simple. We won't mention their grammar: "Ain't nothin like whiskey to ile (oil) a rusty tongue." He gave the book back to me in complete bafflement.
A final problem is spelling, given that dozens of languages form our crazy talk, and the "rules" created to pretend it makes sense, which are rife with exceptions. Relatedly, I'd include that bane of the self-published and indifferently edited: homophones (led, lead; bough, bow; pique, peak; great, grate; and so on and on and on).
We all remember the spelling rule "i before e except after c and in words that have the 'a' sound." Sure. Westmaas points out that more American words violate that principle than follow it. In fact, the score is 900 to 40 in favor of "exceptions." I'll take his word for it. How I became a school spelling bee champion is one of life's mysteries. We writers sail on, navigating our little boats through a sea of linguistic confusion. We may take the peculiarities of English for granted, but when we're faced with a non-native's prose, wow. There be dragons. Give those adventurers credit!
Photo: Steve Johnson, creative commons license.
Posted in First Draft Blog, Language, Words, writing	| Tagged Mark Forsyth
Seasoning Dinner with Crime: Second Course
Posted on June 12, 2019 by Victoria
Forensic psychologist Louis Schlesinger of John Jay College of Criminal Law spoke to the NY chapter of Mystery Writers of America after dinner last week. Yesterday, I summarized his points about staging a homicide scene and undoing a murder—both aspects of criminality that writers may find useful in their diabolical plotting. Here's more.
Schlesinger has written about foreign object insertions, a topic he considered not suitable to delve into in a postprandial talk, except to say that about half are not discovered until autopsy and the moths found in the throats of The Silence of the Lambs killer's victims were not realistic. Why not? I wonder. He's published an article on this topic, and if you're super-curious, you can access the full article here.
Serial and Sexual Homicides
Serial and sexual homicides often involve rituals and follow a pattern—a "signature." The murder alone is not psychologically sufficient to fulfill the killer's intent. Creating any kind of an elaborate crime scene tableau requires time, which increases the risk of apprehension. Taking this extra risk shows how important that aspect of the crime is to him.
Recall Douglas Preston's true-crime book, The Monster of Florence, about a series of 16 (at least) murders that took place in north Italy between 1968 and 1985. The killer's victims often had complicated wounds that would have taken some time to inflict, yet as I recall, the bodies were found in well frequented lovers' lanes. It was a mystery how he got away with it for so long. (Preston's book describes the horribly botched investigation masterminded by prosecutor Giuliano Mignini. Over the course of Mignini's "investigation," he prosecuted some 20 individuals, all of whom were subsequently acquitted. If his name rings a bell, Mignini was also responsible for the mishandling of the case against Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito.)
But just because a serial killer has a signature, he may vary it occasionally, depending on circumstances. These variations crop up anywhere in the series of killings and can take many forms, making identification of all the victims in a challenge for your fictional investigator.
Psychopathic serial killers are typically of average intelligence, Schlesinger said, with Ted Bundy the exception that proves the rule. What they're very smart about is masking their pathology. Maybe that's why a killer's neighbors and co-workers always say, "He seemed like such a normal average guy!"
Schlesinger pointed to several trends of interest to crime writers. Advances in emergency medicine that have helped save injured military personnel on the battlefield have been imported to our city hospitals. Many people whose injuries would have been fatal a few years ago now can be saved. That's the good news, partly responsible for holding murder rates down.
The bad news is that, despite more police and better analytic techniques, only about 60 percent of murder cases are cleared by an arrest. It isn't that the police aren't doing a good job. Back when most murders occurred between people who knew each other, police investigations had something to go on. Today, the increases in random shootings, drive-by killings, drug killings, and gang warfare mean that, absent a confession, the responsible party is forever a question mark. And, they lack the dramatic possibilities of a 20-year feud between neighbors, a wronged lover, or jealous sibling.
Posted in Crime, Criminal, First Draft Blog, Police, writing	| Tagged psychology, serial murder
Seasoning Dinner with Crime: First Course
The audience's murder weapons are pen and keyboard, members of the New York chapter of Mystery Writers of America. They came together last week to hear Louis Schlesinger, professor of psychology at Manhattan's John Jay College of Criminal Justice, present some of his insights as a forensic psychologist—very useful stuff for people who write crime stories.
Staging a Homicide Scene
He talked about "crime scene staging," when killers try to make a murder look like something else—for examples, as if the a victim died in a fire, in an auto accident, during a robbery, or by suicide.
About one in five domestic homicides is staged, the highest rate for any type of murder, Schlesinger said. Seems to me the main reason he could know that is that they aren't staged very well. Consider how cleverly writer Gillian Flynn used the idea of staging in Gone Girl. Amy's disappearance looked to be the result of a kidnapping after a pitched battle in her living room. But the physical evidence didn't quite add up, so the detectives looked further. One drop of blood in the clean-looking kitchen prompted them to bring out the luminol, which revealed evidence of mopped-up blood. Clearly, something else entirely had gone on there. Of course, what really went on, the reader finds out only much later. A staging double-cross.
Only about five percent of single-victim homicides (not domestic) are staged, in part because of the greater likelihood of witnesses may make staging too difficult. Schlesinger's studies have found no cases of serial sexual homicide that have been staged, in part because the offenders' focus is not on misleading investigators, but on something else entirely.
"Undoing" a Murder
If staging is done to mislead the detectives, symbolic reversal—or "undoing"—is done, in a sense, to mislead the perpetrator. It's a kind of bizarre coping strategy. Especially when a young child has been killed, a mother (usually) may try to reverse the death by tending to the baby, washing it, changing its clothing, psychologically telling herself she was a good, caring mother. Or, she might bandage the child's injuries (to me, that's especially creepy).
When the victim is not a child, symbolic reversal is rare, occurring in about one percent of cases. These acts may be as simple as covering the victim's body, putting it on a sofa or bed, or putting a pillow underneath the victim's head, for example. In a study of 975 homicides, 11 such cases were found, with 10 of the 11 offenders male and all of the victims female.
Unfortunately, the undoing, which suggests perpetrators' guilt and remorse, came too late.
Tomorrow: Foreign Objects, Serial and Sexual Homicide, and What's Trending
Photo: geralt from Pixabay
Posted in Crime, First Draft Blog, Police, writing
CrimeCONN 2019: Writers' Inspiration
Posted on May 22, 2019 by Victoria
(image: pixabay, creative commons license)
There's a buzz from just being in a room packed with crime writers and hearing topics discussed that consume your waking brain (but are of negligible interest to your kids, your running buddy, and pretty much anyone else). Then there are the ideas the discussion sparks. Oh, for the luxury of time to follow all those ideas to their dramatic conclusion and to absorb into my bones the writing advice provided by panelists Jane Cleland, Steve Liskow, and Hallie Ephron.
Here are 10 ideas and tips that struck me at last Saturday's CrimeCONN at the beautiful Ferguson Library in Stamford, Connecticut. (Yesterday's Post: Lawyers, Guns, and Money!)
1. Themes and variations. How a case is investigated and handled in court varies across jurisdictions. Envision a clutch of short stories in which similar crimes have very different handling and outcomes.
2. The case of the gentleman prosecutor. When a defendant's mistress was about to be called to testify, the prosecutor let his wife know she might be happier waiting in the hallway. What other courtesies might a prosecutor extend?
3. Is that your best argument? An appellate lawyer advised, "Put your best argument first," while people are still listening.
4. If you're reading crime fiction to assess the state of the market, "don't go back farther than five years." There was a lot of nodding and murmured assent to the notion that Agatha Christie couldn't get published today.
5. Coincidences happen in real life all the time. But in fiction, forget it. At least, "have no more than one," advised Hallie Ephron, who for a similar reason nixed twins as a plot device. (We won't mention that Louise Penny based a plot on the Dionne quintuplets.)
6. American English is tightly connected to rhythm, said Steve Liskow, which is why reading a manuscript aloud exposes problems in the language that are invisible on the page. Readers will stumble over the same awkwardnesses you do.
7. No need to write in dialect. In fact, don't. Mention a character's accent once and use word choice and the rhythms of subsequent speech to reinforce it.
8. Jane Cleland said great heroes are not afraid to act, though the panelists agreed they have a flaw or failing that must be overcome.
9. Put the important information at the beginning or end of a paragraph. Bury your red herrings in the middle.
10. And keynote speaker Peter Blauner repeated advice from legendary journalist Pete Hamil: "When doing an interview, listen very carefully to the last thing someone says to you." You're on your way out the door, your interviewee's guard is down. This could be the juicy stuff.
See you at CrimeCONN 2020!
Posted in Author, Fiction, First Draft Blog, Language, writing	| Tagged writing tips
*****The Spy and the Traitor, amazing true story!, 1/20
How Authors Get Police Procedures Right, 1/14
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In "The Adventure at Sparremere Hall," Sherlock Holmes and Watson try to help a young man obsessed with his wife's teeth. But are they too late? Published in Sherlock Holmes: Adventures in the Realms of Edgar Allan Poe. Order it here!
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Beatboxing is the art of producing drum beats, rhythm, and musical sounds using the mouth, lips, tongue, voice, nasal passage and throat. Beatbox Rox kicks off with a talented vocal percussionist performing on stage to impress and captivate participants. Participants are then divided into a number of teams and become a human drum kit with each audience section layering their own vocal effect into an overall composition. Finally the teams come together for a final performance with the looping a back beat to help gel all the sections together.
BeatBox Rox will entertain, invigorate and involve everyone right from the start! You can be sure that this fun and hilarious energiser will inject energy and vitality into any conference program, meeting or workshop. It's the perfect metaphor for a team working together as one. This high energy and exhilarating shared experience creates a positive attitude, unifying the group ensuring everyone is energized and receptive for the presentations ahead.


I had the thrill of playing TPC Sawgrass with him, and can say easily it was the most fun I've had on a golf course in 30 years. Thank you, Mr. Dickson. If you qualify for the Senior Open this year, you have a volunteer to caddy for you.


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ADHD Study Identifies Anemia Variant
As New Data Wave Begins, a Gene Study in One Disease Discovers Mutations in an Unrelated Disease
Article by: Chop Press; July 20, 2011
A New Tool for Personal Genomics
Harnessing the new generation of rapid, highly accurate gene-sequencing techniques, Gholson Lyon and colleagues have identified the disease-causing mutation in a newly characterized rare genetic disease, by analyzing DNA from just a few individuals
Article by: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News; June 28, 2011
Software Pinpoints Cause of Mystery Genetic Disorder
To home in on the disease-causing mutation, the researchers used a new software programme, the Variant Annotation, Analysis & Search Tool (VAAST), that compared the family members' genomes with sequences from nearly 200 other people.
Article by: Nature News; June 23, 2011
CHOP's Genome Center Contributes to Large Gene Study of an Adult Dementia
The Center for Applied Genomics at CHOP contributed important scientific analysis to a recent international study of the rare brain disease progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), published on June 19 in the journal Nature Genetics.
Article by: Penn Medicine; June 19, 2011
Clues to Autism's Roots from Brain Study
Though autism and related disorders vary widely from person to person, certain brain changes may be at the root of the disorder
Article by: ScienceNews; May 25, 2011
For Puzzling Childhood Immune Disorder, Gene Research Opens Door to First Diagnostic Test
A new genomics study, led by the Center for Applied Genomics at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, sets the stage for the first predictive diagnostic test in a serious immunodeficiency disease in children
Article by: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; May 11, 2011
Novel Therapy Improves Immune Function in Teen With Rare Disease
In a novel approach that works around the gene defect in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, an inherited immune deficiency disorder, researchers used an alternative cell signaling pathway to significantly improve immune function in a 13-year-old boy with the disease.
Article by: Science Daily; April 14, 2011
Thinking Outside the Block in Disease GeneStudies
In the decade since the Human Genome Project produced the first map of DNA sequences in the human genome, scientists throughout the world have combed through genome data to identify genes and gene variants that cause human disease. A new study suggests that researchers may need to broaden their search farther afield to pinpoint rare but powerful disease-causing mutations.
Article by: Science Centric; January 26, 2011
CAG in Top 10 Interesting Genetic Findings of 2010
Our NEJM paper on genetic variations associated with risk for childhood asthma is ranked as 23andMe's number 2 genetic story of 2010.
Article by: 23andMe; January 15, 2011
U.S. Doctors Link Gene to Childhood Asthma
A defective gene appears to contribute to most cases of childhood asthma, a finding that could lead to a better understanding of allergies, U.S. researchers reported on Wednesday.
Article by: National Post; January 1, 2011
Tallness Gene Discoveries Could Give Legs to Other Research
Gene Duplication Discovered in Patients with Major Depression
Anorexia Risk may be Determined by Genetics
Gene Links to Anorexia Found by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Researchers
Researchers Identify Gene Variants with Important Role in Childhood Obesity
Q&A: CHOP's Hakon Hakonarson on Complementing GWAS with Sequencing
Food Allergy Linked to Certain Genes
Researchers Find Genes Related to Autism
Refined Tools Help Pinpoint Disease-Causing Genes
Linking Genes, Psychiatry and Brain Development

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Main conferences
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ILDJIT: Hands-On ILDJIT 2.0 for Static and Dynamic Program Analysis and Transformation
ILDJIT is a mature, open source, publicly available compilation framework that includes both static and dynamic compilers. Examples of well known benchmark suites supported by ILDJIT are SPEC CPU2000, SPEC CPU2006, MiBench and PARSEC. ILDJIT provides a plugin-based framework for static, as well as dynamic tasks like code translation, code analysis, code optimization, runtime instrumentation and memory management. Its plugin-based framework allows users to easily customize execution both at installation time and at run-time (by dynamically loading and unloading plugins without perturbing execution). Moreover, its multi-threaded design allows novel introspection of parallel compilation strategies to reduce overheads and dynamically optimize running code on today's x86 multi-core systems. The framework provides a rich intermediate language (IR), which users can exploit inside their own extensions. ILDJIT allows users to choose which extensions to execute at static time and which ones to execute at runtime. In order to simplify the implementation of high level code analysis, IR includes both simple RISC-like instructions (e.g. load, store, add) and high level operations. High level operations include both classic thread synchronization tasks, such as wait for another thread, create thread, memory barriers and memory management tasks, such as create a new array, free a piece of memory and create a new aligned piece of memory. ILDJIT supports the CIL language, which includes the full information of the source language by having a rich set of metadata. Nowadays, several source languages are successfully translated to CIL including C, C++, C#, Java, Python and LISP. Hence, by providing the full support of the complex CIL language, ILDJIT is able to manage, analyze and optimize all of the above languages. Users of ILDJIT do not need to handle unnecessary details of the source language used because they can rely on the IR of ILDJIT to perform their tasks. We believe ILDJIT is useful to anyone interested in compilers and computer architecture research. It provides a platform for dynamically introspecting and performing code transformations on CIL bytecode programs. These management environments are emerging as the dominant front for run-time execution because of their platform-independent interoperability. In this tutorial, we demonstrate how users can exploit the ILDJIT framework for research-specific purposes. We will compare and contrast the ease of using ILDJIT relative to more commonly known tools like Pin and Dynamo. We will also demonstrate the ease of using ILDJIT relative to its CIL counterparts like Mono, DotNet and DotGNU that, while robust, are not well suited for research purposes. Design and development of software includes the monitoring of its runtime behaviors (e.g. for performance or memory usage evaluation), which depend on both the underlying platform and the compilation process. On the other hand, the design of new hardware includes evaluation of both its performance and power consumption while running software that expose typical workloads. Hence, both software and hardware evaluation need runtime analysis, which should also include static or dynamic software transformations.
Expected duration of the tutorial: full day
Morning: lectures and demos
Afternoon: hands-on exercises
Organizer short bio - Simone Campanoni is a research associate in Computer Science at Harvard University working with Prof. David Brooks and with Prof. Gu-yeon Wei. His work focuses on the boundary between hardware and software, relying on dynamic compilation, run-time optimizations and virtual execution environments for investigating opportunities on auto-parallelization. He is the author of the HELIX research project (http://helix.eecs.harvard.edu) and the ILDJIT compilation framework (http://ildjit.sourceforge.net).
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Home>Investors>Corporate Governance>Board of Directors
Under the Company's Articles of Association, the Board of Directors consists of five to ten members elected at the Annual General Meeting for a term ending at the following AGM. The Board consisted of nine members who were elected for a new term on 30 March 2021. Since 21 July 2021 the Board consists of eight members due to resignation of Sonat Burman-Olsson, a member of the Board of Directors.
The shareholdings of the Members of the Board in Neste Corporation on 31.12.2020 include own holdings and controlled entities.
Matti Kähkönen
(born in 1956)
M.Sc. (Engineering)
Chair of the Board since 2018
Member of the Board since 2017
Independent member
Senior Advisor, Metso Corporation 2017–2019. President and CEO, Metso Corporation 2011–2017. Executive Vice President and Deputy to the CEO, Metso Corporation 2010–2011. President, Mining and Construction Technology, Metso Corporation 2008–2011. President, Metso Minerals 2006–2008. President, Metso Automation, 2001–2006. President, Metso Automation, Field Systems Division, 1999–2001. Prior to 1999, various managerial and development positions in Neles-Jamesbury and Rauma-Repola. Chair of the Supervisory Board of the Ilmarinen Mutual Pension Insurance Company. Chair of Neste's Personnel and Remuneration Committee.
B.Sc. First Class Honours, Chemical Engineering, Birmingham University, UK
Member of the Board since 30 March 2021
Downstream Director and a Member of the Executive Committee of Royal Dutch Shell plc, 2013‒2019. Executive Vice President of Global Manufacturing at Shell, 2012‒2013. Executive Vice President of Shell's Upstream Americas Heavy Oil business, based in Calgary, Canada, 2008‒2012. Vice President Manufacturing (Refining and Chemicals) Excellence and Support at Shell based in Houston, USA, 2006‒2008. Various positions at Shell in the UK, Singapore, Thailand, the Netherlands, Canada, and the USA, predominantly in the areas of Global Manufacturing (Refining and Chemicals) as well as Supply, Trading and Distribution, 1981‒2006. (In 1994, he was also seconded to the British Government for a short assignment). Member of the Board at Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 2018‒2021. Non Executive Director of the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) Futures Europe 2021‒. Advisor and participant at Mobility Impact Partners (MIP) 2020‒. Mentor in the FTSE 100 cross-company mentoring foundation 2013‒. Member of Neste's Audit Committee.
Nick Elmslie
B.Sc. (Chemistry)
Member of the Board since May 2020
Chief Executive, BP Global Petrochemicals based in Shanghai 2011–2015. Controller, Head of Finance Function, BP Downstream 2006–2011. Various directorial positions at BP plc., including Chief Executive, Acetyls Business and Business Unit Leader, Head of Chemicals Strategy and CFO, Polymers & Olefins 1992–2006. Various positions at BP plc 1978–1992. Member of the Board and Investor at 3fbio Ltd 2017–. Member of the Supervisory Board of OTI Greentech AG 2017–. Member of the Board of Fosroc Group Holdings Limited 2009–. Member of Neste's Audit Committee.
Martina Flöel
M.Sc. (Chemistry), Ph.D. (Chemistry)
CEO of Oxea 2007–2016. Managing Director and EVP, Europe of European Oxo in 2003–2007. Vice President Oxo Chemicals, Celanese Chemicals 2000–2003. Plant Manager Böhlen, Celanese Chemicals 1998–2000. Prior to 1998, various managerial and directorial positions in the Hoechst Group. Member of the Board of Directors of Sasol 2018–. Member of Neste's Personnel and Remuneration Committee.
Jean-Baptiste Renard
M.Sc. (Eng) and an engineering diploma in petroleum economics from the French Petroleum Institute (IFP)
Founder and CEO, 2PR Consulting, independent energy expert and consultant. Several positions at BP 1986–2010; Regional Group Vice President for Europe and Southern Africa BP Plc 2006–2010, Group Vice President, Business Marketing and New Markets, and Member of Downstream Executive Committee BP Plc 2003–2006. Non-Executive Director of Masana Petroleum Solutions (South-Africa); Supervisory Board Member of IFP Training (France); Non-Executive Director of CLH (Spain); Pro bono consulting for social entrepreneurs. Member of the Supervisory Board of Vendredi. Member of the Supervisory Board of Entreprendre&+. Member of the Advisory Board of IFP School. Member of Neste's Personnel and Remuneration Committee.
Jari Rosendal
M.Sc. (Eng.)
President and CEO at Kemira since 2014. Various divisional President and Directorial positions, including Member of the Executive Board, at Outotec Oyj in 2001–2014. Various managerial and expert positions in the Outokumpu Group in Finland and the United States 1989–2001. Member of the Board of Directors of Chemical Industry Federation of Finland 2015–, Chairman of the Board of Directors 2017–2018 and Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors 2019–2020. Member of the Board of Directors of CEFIC, 2014–. Member of the Board of TT fund of the Confederation of Finnish Industries 2020–. Member of Neste's Audit Committee.
Johanna Söderström
M.Sc. (Econ.)
Executive Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer at Tyson Foods Inc. 2020‒. Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer at the Dow Chemical Company 2014‒2019. Vice President, Center of Expertise Human Resources at the Dow Chemical Company 2012‒2014. Various directorial HR positions at Dow Chemical Company, Dow Europe GmbH and Dow Chemical Handels- und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH 2007‒2012. Head of Global Compensation & Benefits at Huhtamäki Oyj 2006‒2007. Various specialist and managerial positions at Dow Europe GmbH, Dow Chemical Handelsund Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH and Dow Suomi Oy 1999‒2006. Prior to 1999, various specialist positions at Oy L M Ericsson Ab. Member of Neste's Personnel and Remuneration Committee.
Marco Wirén
Vice Chair of the Board since 2020
Chief Financial Officer, Nokia Corporation 2020–. President, Wärtsilä Energy & Executive Vice President, Wärtsilä Corporation 2018–2020. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Wärtsilä 2013–2018. SSAB, Executive Vice President and CFO 2008–2013. SSAB, Vice President Business control 2007–2008. Eltel Networks, CFO and Vice President Business Development 2002–2007; NCC, Vice President Business Development and Group Controller 1995–2001. Member of the Board of Directors of Wärtsilä Finland Oy 2013–2020. Chair of Neste's Audit Committee.


Five years have passed from the disaster of the Rana Plaza in Bangladesh that happened in the morning of 24 April 2013. A building collapsed killing all the people who were working inside, 1133 victims and wounded 2.515. Whene some cracks in the building appeared, only the textile factories within it do not have closed the activity. These were making clothing for large multinational companies. Despite the warning of the cracks and the order of evacuation received on the day before the collapse, the workers were forced by their heads to return to work in the morning. They were exploited and paid the equivalent of 38 euros per month.
A few days after this tragedy Carry Somers founded, with Orsola De Castro, who has always been active in the world of fashion environmentally sustainable, the movement Fashion Revolution. It takes place every year on the day of the collapse of the Rana Plaza and has become an event along a week from April 23 to 29, and is called the Fashion Revolution Week. The anthem of the event is "Be curious, find out, do something". We must arouse in people the curiosity to know who made their clothes. Using the hashtag #whomademyclothes, you can take a picture with garment and label to ask the brand which are the people behind the production process. Following the discovery, we invite you to do something for the change: take part in the day or organize events in collaboration with Fashion Revolution. Currently there are many initiatives. In the TAKE ACTION section of the site you can download the manual "How to be a Fashion Revolutionary", in which are shown the ways to change the system of "fast fashion". You can download the text of an email already set to send it to brands through social media shouting out them or sending via mail a postcard to a legislator in your country to understand what they are doing to have a fashion industry more ethics. Students can also become ambassadors of the Fashion Revolution. The concept more interesting, however, is the #Haulternative, where it is shown the way to refresh your wardrobe without buying new clothes.
In 2016 five brands out of forty had published the list of their producers and only two of these had formed addresses and places of production. In 2017 32 out of 100 and in 2018 152 brands on 62 companies and groups of companies. The number grows even thanks to the action of the awareness of Fashion Revolution and with the Transparency Pledge requested by the "Follow the Threads" Clean Clothes Campaign to several multinational companies in the clothing last April 2017. Publishing the list of local producers and suppliers is essential for the transparency of the industry. In an article published two weeks ago on the blog of Fashion Revolution there is a list of the companies that currently make public the list of their suppliers.
One of the main reasons why SO WOW magazine was born is precisely to give importance to all those small entrepreneurial realities that produce dresses and accessories with ethics and conscience. In honor of this week, as well as invite you to read all our interviews in the FASHION section, we invite you to read this interview made with a talented fashion designer from Bangladesh to let yourselves be inspired and reflect on her words. Finally we hope that the tragedy that has given life to the Fashion Revolution week actually serve to change things and to give a substantial turn to the fashion industry so that will be increasingly common to see on youtube, for example, sustainable fashion hauls and no more fast fashion and that people, maybe even thanks to our small contribution, decide to invest their money in clothes of quality, ethical and sustainable as well as different, original and very creative. We also suggest you to read two other very important interviews with Camilla Mendini and Francesca Giovannini who actively contribute to the change with initiatives to increase awareness and that, after having changed their way of being consumers, have become icons of inspiration for whoever approaches the world of ethics and sustainable fashion.


The Netherlands-Hungarian Chamber of Commerce, together with the Swedish Chamber of Commerce and Swisscham Hungary, and in cooperation with the British Chamber of Commerce in Hungary (BCCH), the Danish Business Club and the Italian Chamber of Commerce in Hungary, are organizing a digital transformation conference on April 19.
Entitled "Digital Business Transformation: Driving for business performance in a digitalized world," the event promises best practice sharing for company executives.
Organizers say the aim is to spread the word about the "implementation and development of digital culture at corporations" in an age where life-long learning applies as much to businesses as to the individual.
The language of the event will be English, with translation into Hungarian. It will be held at the new Ericsson House (1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 11) on the banks of the Danube on the Buda side of the city.
Tickets cost members of the co-organizing chambers HUF 19,000 plus VAT for a single ticket, or HUF 50,000 plus VAT for three executives/business partners from the same company. Tickets for non-members cost HUF 39,000 plus VAT/person or HUF 100,000 plus VAT for a group ticket for three. More details, including the list of speakers and agenda, are available here.
The new technology may bring revolutionary changes in the use of digital devices. Telekom is the first to offer the eSIM technology, replacing traditional SIM cards, in a smart watch. From now on eSIM compatible devices can be activated on Magyar Telekom's mobile network .
10 years ago Mr. Georgiu was invited to a class at CEU Hungary as a guest speaker. That moment changed his life and influenced his future mission, which is very clear now he tells XpatLoop, to "help people transform". Here below he goes on to explain his teaching philosophy and address key questions such as how humanity can keep control of technology.


A few days ago, I received a beautiful delivery from a local farm – 200 sweet onion starts! Needless to say, I was pretty excited.
This year, onions will be the only crop I am really intensively growing over the cold months, while I work hard to finish doing some major clearing and laying out paths and new beds in time for spring and summer.
To save myself time, and because I didn't have an in-ground bed ready to plant a root crop, I decided to repurpose an old greenhouse that was in disrepair, and turn it into a raised bed.
While the baby onions get their footing, I'm using a couple of old window panes to keep them warm when the temperatures get particularly cold at night.
To protect the onions from our overabundance of frisky squirrels and neighborhood feral cats, I made a cover using poultry wire that will easily keep the dig-happy wildlife at bay.
Onions are one of the easiest crops to grow, especially in the cold months here in the south. If you give them aerated, loose, healthy soil that's free of stones and debris, they'll pretty much take care of themselves.
When I got the bed planted, I had plenty left over to tuck a few here-and-there throughout the garden, and I saved the smallest of them to plant in a self-watering container to keep indoors, ensuring that we'll have fresh onion greens all winter long.
Next post: Happy New Year: 2018 is Alive!


Make the dressing first. Put about 2 cups white vinegar, 1/2 cup white sugar and a pinch of paprika into a sauce pan. Boil (it'll burn your nose, trust me) until the consistency is like a thin maple syrup. Cool in the fridge where it will thicken up. It will be a nice mix of sweet and tangy with a tiny lingering heat of the paprika.
Cut cucumbers into 1 inch chunks. Cut tomatoes into one inch chunks. (You know, about the same amount of each.) When the dressing is completely cool, mix some into the tomato/cukes until just dressed (don't drown!) Serve immediately. It isn't really that great the next day.
I continue to be amazed by MN (Mother Nature, you know her. You cursed her in January when we got 4 feet of snow.) This single hollyhock, over six feet tall is growing amongst (does anyone else use "amongst" anymore? What about "whilst?" Go ahead. Use "whilst" in a sentence. C'mon, try. I KNOW! I can't either.) the weeds behind our Kitchen Garden (formerly known as "Peber's Point").
A few years ago, I threw some random, old seeds into the scrub. And forgot about them. Until now. Have you seen the seed pod of a hollyhock? There are, like, 8 seeds per pod. That is all. So, it seems that one took hold and decided to grace us with its presence after taking a vacation for a couple of years.
Should I lapse into squeals like the Double Rainbow Guy, ("WHAT DOES IT MEAN?") or just recognize that the world works in mysterious ways. For examples, my sweet husband somehow picked me (Sucker!), flour and water on our windowsill gets "infected" with airborne bacteria to make our sourdough starter, and fairly old seeds thrown into the scrub yield a surprise beauty like this stately specimen.
Hm, I wonder what Mama Gump would say about my garden.
Me too. We got in a 2:30 in the morning, woke up around 9 and proceeded to pick off all the spotty leaves and spray with Bonide (organic) fungicide spray. We already have tomatoes setting and so we hope to save the crop. 49 plants this year. Fingers crossed.
Edamame: Looks like crap. I promised this was the last year. It will be.
Husk Cherries: Taking over my pansies like a weed. Hooray.
Hot peppers: Not bad, not good. Just sort of there.
Weeds: Lookin' real good. Our best crop, actually.


The DFEH recently released its Sample Equal Opportunity Policy. The Sample Policy is available in PDF and Word form on the DFEH's employment resources page at https://www.dfeh.ca.gov/resources/posters-and-brochures-and-fact-sheets/poster-and-brochure-tab-list/?target=employment.
The typical workplace bulletin board is densely packed with legally required posters and employee notifications. As laws change, the posters must be updated to reflect the changes. For example, the minimum wage in California increased to $10 an hour on January 1, 2016; the required poster specifying the minimum wage should reflect that most recent increase.
On February 17, 2016, the Department of Fair Employment and Housing ("DFEH") issued first-of-its-kind guidance on transgender rights in the workplace.
What About Those Workplace Posters? Update Them in 2013!
In California, employers are required to have workplace postings regarding employee rights and responsibilities under the Fair Employment and Housing Act which are produced by the Department of Fair Employment and Housing ("DFEH"). California recently updated three of these mandatory DFEH posters as a result of revisions to state law that went into effect on January 1, 2013.


A chance of rain showers between 8pm and 2am. Mostly cloudy, with a low around 56. Southwest wind around 10 mph. Chance of precipitation is 30%. New rainfall amounts less than a tenth of an inch possible.
Sunny, with a high near 70. Northwest wind around 13 mph, with gusts as high as 21 mph.
Mostly clear, with a low around 49. Northwest wind 3 to 12 mph.
A slight chance of rain showers after 2pm. Mostly sunny, with a high near 67. South wind 2 to 6 mph. Chance of precipitation is 20%.
Rain showers likely. Mostly cloudy, with a low around 55. South wind around 6 mph. Chance of precipitation is 60%.
Rain showers likely before 8am, then showers and thunderstorms likely. Mostly cloudy, with a high near 68. Chance of precipitation is 70%.
Showers and thunderstorms likely. Partly cloudy, with a low around 47. Chance of precipitation is 70%.
A slight chance of rain showers before 8am. Sunny, with a high near 65.
A chance of rain showers after 8am. Partly sunny, with a high near 68. Chance of precipitation is 30%.
A chance of rain showers before 8pm. Partly cloudy, with a low around 48. Chance of precipitation is 30%.
A chance of rain showers after 8pm. Mostly cloudy, with a low around 52. Chance of precipitation is 30%.
Forecast from NOAA-NWS for Bel Air, MD.


Gail G. Scanlon, B.A., Mount Holyoke College; M.L.S., University at Albany - SUNY; Academy Librarian.
Marilyn L. Bott, B.S., Granite State College; M.Ed., Plymouth State University; Circulation Coordinator.
Eileen M. Cusick, B.S., University of Southern Maine; M.S.A., Central Michigan University; Library Associate and Coordinator of Part-Time Staff.
Andrew R. Gatto, B.A., New School for Social Research; M.L.S., SUNY Buffalo; M.B.A. Univ. of New Hampshire; Reference Librarian and Music Librarian.
Shelley Lariviere, B.S., University of New Hampshire; Library Associate.
Kathryn Lennon-Walker, B.A., Beloit College; M.A., M.L.S., Simmons College; Reference & Instruction Librarian.
Tad Nishimura; Assistant to the Academy Librarian.
Abby Payeur, B.A., University of New Hampshire; M.L.S., Simmons College; Cataloging and Metadata Librarian.
Christopher J. Roy, B.A., Rivier College; M.L.S., Clarion University; Acquisitions and Reference Librarian.
Jane S. Storm, B.S., Colby Sawyer College; Public Services Assistant.
Thomas Wharton, B.A., The George Washington University; Digital Projects Coordination/Assistant to the Academy Archivist.
Ann B. McGrath, B.A., Regis College; M. Ed., Keene State College; Public Services Assistant.
Elizabeth S. Niebling, B.A., Bennington College; Public Services Assistant.
Margaret C. Schoene, B.A., Radcliffe College; Public Services Assistant.
Grace Smyth, A.S., Maria College, B.A.; University of Notre Dame; Public Services Assistant.


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Home>Knowledge>News
Mitsubishi Chemical to start up SMC production facility in Italy
Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation announces its intention to start up its European carbon fiber sheet molding compound (SMC) production facility in Italy. The new facility, slated to start operations in September 2020, will be located on a site adjoining C.P.C. SRL, in which MCC holds a 44% equity stake.
SMC developed by MCC is a type of intermediate material for carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) and a sheet-shaped material in which carbon fibers cut into several-centimeter lengths are dispersed in resin. The SMC can be processed into components in a short period of time, i.e. roughly 2 to 5 minutes, by press molding. In contrast to prepreg intermediate materials (uncut carbon fiber fabric impregnated with resin), this SMC features high formability for molding complicated shaped parts.
In Japan, MCC produces SMC at its Aichi Plant (Toyohashi-shi, Aichi). Automakers in Japan have already adopted SMC for automobile door and luggage compartment inner panels and structural components for rear doors. Through CPC, MCC has developed its mobility business in Europe, using CFRPs as the main structural material. It has moved ahead with the development of SMC to gain certification for automotive applications, mainly from several European luxury automakers, anticipating wider adoption in the future.
To meet such strong demand, MCC will start up its new SMC production facility in Modena, Italy to offer increased production capacity. Modena offers a tradition of cutting edge engineering, a smooth access to MCC's customers in the automotive market, as well as skilled labor forces. The new production facility, in addition to MCC's current facility in Aichi, will bolster SMC production and contribute to further expansion of MCC's global sales.
MCC will proactively offer optimal solutions in the mobility field, which shows significant technological innovation, by combining its carbon fiber production sites in Japan, the U.S., and Europe, CPC's molding technologies, and the marketing capabilities of Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials AG (MCAM)*, which has strong marketing capabilities and powerful sales networks, particularly in Europe and the U.S.
* MCAM was renamed from Quadrant AG on April 1, 2019. The company develops the following businesses on a global scale: Various super engineering plastics combined with fillers, and thermoplastic resins that combine carbon fibers, glass fibers, and polypropylene fibers.
www.m-chemical.co.jp
Compression Moulding
BusinessNews Worldwide
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The Official Vingroup website
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VINFAST AND LG CHEM CO-OPERATE FOR BATTERY PRODUCTION
VinFast Trading and Production Ltd (a subsidiary of Vingroup) and LG Chem Ltd (a subsidiary of South Korean LG Group) on April 5, 2019 officially announced the establishment of their joint-venture company for battery pack production following international standards. The plant is located in VinFast's Supplier Park in the northern port city of Hải Phòng. In the initial period, the factory will provide batteries for VinFast's electric scooters and electric cars.
Covering an area of more than 12,000 square metres, the plant is one of a number of factories producing support-industry spare parts on a large scale at VinFast's complex. The joint venture aims to produce lithium-ion battery packs for VinFast's electric scooters that are being made now and electric cars to be produced in the future.
VinFast will be responsible for building warehouses and production lines, employing human resources and operating the plant. LG Chem will provide technical consultancy for the warehouses and equipment, supervise operations, train workers, and transfer technologies and designs.
Currently, LG Chem holds many world-leading battery technologies. The establishment of the joint-venture company is one of the important steps to increase the localization rate in VinFast's electric vehicles, thus contributing to the development of the support industry in Vietnam.
The joint-venture company aims to provide premium products that meet international standards and environmentally-friendly criteria. With the long-term experience of LG Chem in the field of lithium-ion battery production, VinFast's battery-powered electric vehicles will be optimally guaranteed in terms of usage efficiency and prices suitable to the Vietnamese market.
In a speech delivered at the announcement ceremony, Võ Quang Huệ, deputy general director of Vingroup, said: "The partnership with LG Chem to establish the battery production joint-venture factory in VinFast's plant complex is one of the important steps to ensure that VinFast's electric scooters and electric cars will use batteries with high usage efficiency at suitable prices. This will also be an important beginning step in building a complete ecosystem for a made-in-Vietnam automobile and e-scooter manufacturing industry, which VinFast is aiming for."
In addition to producing the lithium-ion battery packs for electric cars and scooters, the joint-venture factory plans to supply the lithium-ion battery cells for electric devices and other products belonging to Vingroup's ecosystem in the future.
About LG Chem:
Established in 1947, LG Chem employs more than 34,000 staffs across the world. It operates four main businesses including Petrochemicals, Energy Solutions, Advanced Materials and Life Sciences. The chemical business manufactures a wide range of products from petrochemical goods to high-value added plastics. It has also extended its chemical expertise into hi-tech areas such as lithium-ion batteries, advanced materials and drugs & vaccines. Throughout 20 years of experience in development and production of rechargeable batteries, LG Chem has established itself as one of the world's leading lithium-ion manufacturers. The company is a primary supplier of lithium-ion batteries for mobile phones and hybrid/electric vehicle industries throughout the world.
About VinFast:
VinFast is a subsidiary of Vingroup, the largest private enterprise in Vietnam, established in 2017. VinFast is developing a wide range of electric cars and electric scooters, headquartered in Cát Hải - Hải Phòng. On November 3, 2018, VinFast introduced its first electric scooter named Klara with a version using a lithium-ion battery and another using a lead battery. On March 6, 2019, VinFast completed the pilot manufacturing of its first car, Lux SA2.0, and shipped to foreign countries for quality and safety tests. The car is expected to be available for sale in the market by the second or third quarter of 2019.
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The Minority Coaches Association of Georgia is sponsoring a bus trip to the American Football Coaches Association Convention in Nashville,TN from January 7, 2017 to January 10, 2017. The bus will depart and return to Atlanta,GA. The cost will cover transportation to and from Nashville. In addition, refreshments will be provided to and from Nashville. All coaches will be responsible for their own housing and meal cost in Nashville. A host hotel will be provided with discount rates and possible Free breakfast.
Assist coaches with career advancement, networking and exposure opportunities, and to raise awareness regarding new safety techniques in the game of football.


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Chakraharpur railway station serves Chakradharpur in West Singhbhum district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

History
The Bengal Nagpur Railway was formed in 1887 for the purpose of upgrading the Nagpur Chhattisgarh Railway and then extending it via Bilaspur to Asansol, in order to develop a shorter Howrah–Mumbai route than the one via Allahabad. The Bengal Nagpur Railway main line from Nagpur to Asansol, on the Howrah–Delhi main line, was opened for goods traffic on 1 February 1891.

Electrification
The Purulia–Chakradharpur, Kandra–Gomharria, Sini–Adityapur, Adityapur–Tatanagar, Chakradharpur–Manoharpur and Manoharpur–Rourkela sections were electrified in 1961–62.

References

External links
 Trains at Chakradharpur

Chakradharpur railway division
Railway stations in West Singhbhum district
Railway stations in India opened in 1890

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Q: $PT$ and Lorentz transformation and causality in QFT This question was asked twice already, here: A question about causality and Quantum Field Theory from improper Lorentz transformation , and here: Causality and Quantum Field Theory. But I didn't get the answer to the question troubling me.
We were discussing causality in class, specifically for a scalar field with no interactions:
$$\left<0|[\phi(x),\phi(y)]0\right>=D(x-y)-D(y-x)$$
Where we have the measure:
$$ [\phi(y),\phi(x)]=\int\frac{d^4p}{(2\pi)^4}\delta(p^2-m^2)\left(e^{-ip\cdot(x-y)}-e^{-ip\cdot(y-x)}\right).$$
The measure is Lorentz invariant and only depends on $(x-y)$, and there exist a transformation for spacelike separated events where $(x-y)\to-(x-y)$ and then it's easy to see that the measure must be equal to zero. That I agree, but what about the other method
where I can use an improper Lorentz transformations? As far as I know, Lorentz transformations are the transformations that keep the metric the same, this implies that the transformation $\Lambda=-I_{4x4}$ is a Lorentz transformation:
$$\eta'=\Lambda\eta\Lambda^{T}=-I_{4x4}\eta(-1)I_{4x4}=I_{4x4}\eta I_{4x4}=\eta$$
And here I didn't assume spacelike separation. Why is this not valid? Is the $\mathcal{PT}$ transformation not physical?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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This entry was posted in Essays, Guest Posts and tagged Anabaptist Identity, Genealogy, Mennonites and Race by Guest Contributor. Bookmark the permalink.
I really liked this response. Last night, after I read Goossen's original article about genealogy, I was left without words to describe my feelings. To me, German/Swiss/Dutch Mennonite genealogy IS exclusive, but so is any other ethnocentric way of understanding one's identity. Mennonite theology abhors the fact that this type of identity exists, so we have this inherent inner struggle to live into this post-ethnicity American existence only to find that there is very little meaning in it, besides an over-emphasis on individualism (which is also something that our theology abhors). German/Swiss/Dutch Mennonite genealogy has been a way to define the otherness of ourselves (over some generations) in this melting pot we live in. It is, in some ways, an answer to the otherness, however misguided these ideas may be, that the Anabaptist theology calls us to live into. I'm not saying that Goossen was entirely wrong. I just think that he isn't going quite deep enough into the realm of ethnic and religious identity.


Your health shouldn't depend on where you are born.
In the last 15 years, thanks to amazing partnerships across the world, 500 million children have been immunised against disease, preventing 6 million deaths and we are on the brink of eradicating polio. Good nutrition for more mothers and babies is helping children to thrive at school. And trained health workers and better medical facilities are helping to diagnose and treat millions of people for diseases like tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, before it's too late.
Yet despite progress, in many countries health services are still weak – or worse, non-existent. 1.8 million people needlessly die of TB, 5.9 million children die from diseases like pneumonia and diarrhoea because they didn't have access to basic immunisations and 3.1 million die from undernutrition, the largest single largest killer of children under 5. Far too often, it is the poorest and most vulnerable that are being left behind.
TB kills around 1.8 million people each year, despite being preventable, detectable, and curable. People from the poorest parts of the world are acutely vulnerable to TB, but the disease has a foothold in nearly every country, including the UK and across the EU, where rates are rising dramatically.
In many areas with high TB rates, people often have poor access to health services, meaning they go undiagnosed and continue to spread, suffer and die from the disease. Due to a lack of investment in TB, the current drugs, diagnostics (tests for finding the disease) and vaccine are all completely outdated. Most were invented decades ago and are not a product of modern medicine. Treatment for TB still takes six months and leaves patients struggling with side effects, making them more likely to interrupt treatment and develop drug resistance.
5.9 million children under the age of five die every year from a range of mainly preventable diseases. Our work on child health is about bringing this number down to zero.
Globally, child deaths have fallen substantially over the last two decades, with under five deaths decreasing by over 50% between 1990 and 2014. However, more than 16,000 children under 5 still die everyday. The majority of these deaths can be prevented using simple, proven, and cost-effective interventions such as cheap, easy to administer vaccines. Yet these are not reaching the poorest and most vulnerable children who need them the most.
Every year, 3.1 million children die from undernutrition - making it the single largest killer of children under five worldwide. More broadly, undernutrition negatively impacts almost every aspect of a child's early development, from making them more susceptible to deadly illnesses, to stunting their growth, to reducing their ability to learn at school.
Excellent progress has been made to reduce extreme poverty and hunger, and the availability of basic foods has increased, but for millions of children, a narrow diet makes it impossible to get the vitamins and minerals they need to lead healthy, happy lives.
Political Will: We're working to raise the profile of these issues with UK and international policy makers and parliamentarians, helping them to understand the need for investment in health, and the type of policies and interventions that achieve results.
Policy change: We're working to ensure evidence based health policies and programmes, in both donor and developing countries, are designed and implemented to reach the poorest and marginalised individuals, families and communities.
Resource Mobilisation: We're working across the world to advocate for governments to increase financing for health. We call on donors to ensure that vital organisations like the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria, Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance, and The Global Polio Eradication Initiative have the financing they need to carry out their life-saving work.


Giving back to society is an important aspect of an educational institute. KCL-IMT is well aware about its social responsibility to make our students trustworthy citizens and good human being. In this light, the Institute celebrated events to inculcate amongst the students the sense of service to humanity. For this purpose, a student chapter is formed in KCL-IMT in association with Rotary Club, Jalandhar.
KCL-IMT organised Tree Plantation Day to encourage the students to plant trees to save our mother nature. Around 100 trees were planted across the campus. The event comprised of series of competitions including poster making, logo designing and paper presentation on the related topic.
Blood donation camp was organised by Human Values and Professional Ethics cell (HVPE) of KCL-IMT in association with Civil Hospital, Jalandhar where more than 100 students and faculty members donated blood for the social cause.
In order to promote hygiene and to support cleanliness drive launched by Hon'ble Prime Minister Shri Narenda Modi, KCL-IMT organized "Swachh Bharat" campaign to generate awareness among students and locals about protecting our environment from ill effects of pollution and to keep our surroundings neat and clean. In this event, students participated in number of competitions e.g. poster making, collage preparation, paper presentations and quiz related to environment and green management.
The students of KCL-IMT participated in intercity literary and cultural completions organized by Rotary Club, Jalandhar. In this the students of KCL-IMT participated in a number of events and bring laurels to Institute by winning various positions.
KCL-IMT organised the live discussion on the interim Budget presented in the Parliament by the Hon'able Union Finance Minister of India in which the comprehensive analysis of the key provisions mention in the budget carried out in a very interactive manner. The activity kept the students engaged, enthralled and enlightened the spirit of critical analysis of the fundamental fiscal policies.
The sports field is a place where young men and women are able to learn the rules of living, playing, losing and winning. These activities are essential for students to provide a platform for relief from academic rigor and to learn how to play in a team. To facilitate this Annual sports meet was organized in the institute covering a wide variety of sporting events like badminton, cricket, chess, three-legged race, sack race, tug-of-war and many more.
SYONARA, a farewell eve to mark the culmination of the academic journey of the passing out batch of KCL-IMT was organised. Students of passing out batch express gratitude & warm feelings towards the alma-matter, teachers & junior students.
one's behaviour, attitude and communication skills. At KCLIMT, we strongly believe that these traits contribute a lot towards the holistic development of students, as it is our responsibility to give our students the opportunity to enhance their personality.
At KCL-IMT, this is our first stride towards bringing in the much cherished synergy in our activities, so that together we can make brand KCL-IMT a big binding force for us, and ultimately one of the most admired educational brands in India. Like the proverbial 'little drops of water making the mighty ocean' each of the small events, initiatives, happenings, and moments of truth are recorded in monthly News Letter Initiative taken up by the institution.
Newspaper reading contains creative ideas to help children improve reading, writing, social studies, math, and science skills. With the help of newspaper subscription, teachers can use newspapers to teach comprehension and critical thinking and to help students develop sensitivity and awareness of the self, the community, the nation, and the world.
Students' learning is excellent, when their knowledge yields through transformation of theoretical understandings into practical learning experiences of their own; as it is blended with hands on experience on whatever we read & learn. With this objective, our students are exposed to the activities like Management Games, Mock Interviews, Simulation Exercises, Live Projects, Web Based Learning Activities, Design / Development of IT Projects, Setting-up of Entrepreneurial Ventures, etc.
Two Day workshop on Business Simulation. It is one of the latest methods of providing theoretical as well as practical knowledge to the students of Management followed by IIM'S and Top Business schools across the world. The Resource persons for this workshop were Mr.Ashish & Mr. Rahul (Alumni of IIM Indore & Director of Biziga Solutions Private Limited).Till present time, institute have taken this initiative for 4 times especially for UG and PG classes.
4-day Workshop on WordPress & Competition on Rapid Website Development using WordPress.
In order to give a hands on experience on Content Management System, department of Information Technology conducted a workshop on WordPress followed by a competition on Rapid Website Development for the students of MCA& BCA. It served as a platform for the students to start entrepreneurial projects. Approximately 28 websites on different topics were made by the students during the competition.


From on-line sports activities betting to on-line casinos, you'll see that online playing can present each sort of gambling there is. For those who love betting on the NBA. Finals, or in MLB or NFL, online sport betting is for you. But, in case you love enjoying black jack, roulette, poker, video poker, and even slot machines, then you could need to try your luck in online casinos and websites.
Though this is not going to really give you the similar thrill and pleasure as real gambling can, you will be able to first handedly experience what online playing is all about. And, on the similar time, you won't be risking any of your hard-earned cash.
However, you also must keep in mind that whatever form of gambling it is, it is nonetheless gambling. And, which means it's going to involve the danger of dropping cash. Also, as a result of it is playing, it's important to remember that it may be addictive. The frenzy that you will feel when you win and the urge to bet some extra to get the money you lost will always be there. So, all the time watch out whenever you gamble. You may finish up dropping a whole lot of money and get deep in debt.
To begin with, not like traditional gambling, online playing will enable you to gamble proper within the comforts of your own home. All you want is a pc with an active internet connection and a credit card. You don't truly must travel to Las Vegas or Atlantic Metropolis to be gambling in a casino. All you've gotten to do is visit one of the many on-line casinos available as we speak in the web, open an account, and start attempting out your luck.
The wonderful thing about on-line playing is that it may well provde the identical thrill and pleasure that you will get when betting traditionally. Additionally, you will be able to access each types of gambling that you can think of online. From horse races, to NBA, NFL, NHL, MLB, and even NCAA video games, you will be able to guess 예스카지노 쿠폰 in your favourite teams.
Playing has been round for ages. Individuals in historical China gambled in addition to in historic Rome. At present, you will see that playing continues to be part of on a regular basis life.
Whenever you try your luck in online playing, just do not forget that that you must set a restrict on the cash you are prepared to lose. Never set unreasonable targets as this may simply 에그카지노 꽁머니 push you to maintain on betting way beyond your limit.
These are the reasons why online gambling is so standard among a number of people.
There are additionally on-line casinos that will allow you to play poker towards other online players. In case you are just a newbie at games like this, you may want to check out the free versions of card games the place you will be given virtual or pretend money that you need to use to practice with different people.
In fact, the sport of probability is even thought-about to be a a part of human culture. Everywhere you go, you will notice individuals gambling. In the present day, you possibly can even see online playing where folks can gamble proper on the comforts of their own home.
As you may see, there are various benefits that gambling online can provide. In actual fact, if you are in to sports betting, you will find numerous skilled ideas that can assist you make a decision on which crew to wager on.


The Friends of Plum Beach Lighthouse is a nonprofit organization that acquired the Plum Beach Lighthouse with the goal of preserving it. The lighthouse was built in 1897 off North Kingstown in Narragansett Bay's West Passage and abandoned in 1941 with the construction of the Jamestown Bridge.
"Voted the 'best specialty plate in America'"


A BRAZEN disregard for food safety issues has left the country on the brink of a serious public health disaster. The Bangladesh Food Safety Authority chair at a press conference in the capital pointed to the fact, as New Age reported on Sunday, that the food processing industry involved hundreds of thousands of businesspeople working under the regulations of many regulators. About 25 lakh people — about 15 lakh directly and 10 lakh indirectly — are now involved in producing, processing and manufacturing food. The policies followed by the handful of ministries responsible for the job is rather laissez-faire in nature. Despite the involvement of 18 ministries to ensure food safety, mainly emphasising on raising people's awareness of safe food, the current condition of food safety, therefore, sends out a stark and acute signal that the action taken by all authorities was not enough. There remains a serious lack of comprehensive and coordinated approach in this regard.
From the beginning of food production to storing to marking, food is adulterated in a way that poses serious threat to public health. An excessive and uncontrolled use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, approved as well as unapproved, is prevalent. Carbide in fruit, formalin in fish, textile colours in sweetmeat and bakery items and pesticides in raw vegetables are used to increase the shelf life of food items and earn higher profits while cheating consumers. Children are the most vulnerable to such risks. The Department of Agricultural Expansion allowed, as New Age reported in July, the use of endosulfan, a pesticide that is banned worldwide, even despite a ban by the department in 2011, and permitted a leading agro-business company to import Endosul, a relatively less known endosulfan brand. It is evident that there is no unified authority, powerful enough, to take prompt and effective action to ensure food safety. If food adulteration continues for a long time, vital organs such as the liver and kidney can be damaged, even resulting in cancer. The government should, therefore, abandon its superficial approach and take serious a drive to stop food adulteration.
While it is important to make people aware of food safety situation and help them with information on how to treat adulterated food, it is not the root cause of widespread availability of unsafe food on the kitchen market. The government must address the root cause of unsafe food that is the enforcement failure of the government to govern food industry and the profit-seeking mentality of food traders. To make a change in this situation, institutions such as the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution and the DAE should be armed up adequately to monitor the food market. The enforcement of the Food Safety Act 2013 is also a must. A comprehensive and coordinated effort between different bodies is required to enforce related laws and regulations to ensure food safety.


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← Skeptics doubt VA's claim of breakthrough on claims backlog
$5B CAMO SNAFU:Army looks to change uniforms. →
Army to Renew Efforts to Combat High Suicide Rates
by Jeremy Schwartz Austin American-Statesman
FORT HOOD — The Army chief of staff on Friday said he will dispatch top Army officials to major installations across the country to study suicide prevention efforts in hopes of lowering record suicide rates among active duty service members.
Gen. Ray Odierno made the announcement during a visit to Fort Hood, where alarming suicide numbers have helped galvanize national attention on the issue in recent years.
"Obviously suicide continues to be a major concern. It's something that is vexing to us, and we have studied it incredibly hard," Odierno told reporters. "We're focused on this, and we're going to sustain our focus on this."
We have to make clear that we will not tolerate actions that belittle, that haze, that ostracize any individual, particularly those who have made the decision to seek professional help. — Defense Secretary Leon Panetta
Odierno said Vice Chief of Staff Gen. Lloyd Austin would visit Army posts to study existing suicide prevention programs and look for improvements.
The Army has spent millions of dollars to implement a range of suicide prevention programs, but solutions have proven elusive so far: The Associated Press recently reported that active-duty suicide rates are at their highest point in the past decade, as the U.S. has waged wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Odierno spoke hours after Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta told an annual convention on military suicide in Washington, D.C., that suicide numbers among service members are moving in a "tragic direction."
Panetta said part of the solution lies with commanding officers who have day-to-day contact with their troops.
"We have to make clear that we will not tolerate actions that belittle, that haze, that ostracize any individual, particularly those who have made the decision to seek professional help," Panetta said in a speech to mental health professionals.
Panetta, who pledged to elevate mental fitness to the same level of importance as physical fitness, called suicide perhaps the most frustrating challenge he has come across since becoming defense secretary, in part because the trend is heading in the wrong direction even as more resources are aimed at the problem.
At Fort Hood, there have been 7 suicides this year as of early June, on pace to eclipse last year's 10, but still less than the record 22 suicides in 2010, when one particularly difficult week saw four soldiers commit suicide.
Read the rest of this story:
http://www.statesman.com/news/local/army-to-renew-efforts-to-combat-high-suicide-2402887.html
This entry was posted in Veterans for Common Sense News and tagged Afghanistan, mental health, Veterans Articles & News. Bookmark the permalink.


Estate planning essential for smooth distribution of property | Solomon, Steiner & Peck, Ltd.
On behalf of Solomon, Steiner & Peck, Ltd. posted in Estate planning on Thursday, March 24, 2016.
The death of a parent can be devastating for Ohio siblings. The trauma may get even worse if the siblings fight over how to divide their parent's estate. Parents, however, may be able to lessen the trauma by taking a few steps while they are alive.
According to 2013 data, American retirees are among the most generous in the world when measured by the amount of assets being passed on. Before deciding how to allocate the assets they leave behind, people should have a complete financial picture that reflects their most up-to-date net worth. A person's financial picture changes over the years. A spouse or child may die or new assets may be acquired. A person may wish to consult an adviser with assistance in putting a financial picture together.
After this picture is complete, then people can begin planning how to distribute assets upon their death. Dividing assets equally among children makes the process simpler, but sometimes a parent doesn't want to do this, perhaps if one child provided the most care for them in their senior years. Parents may want to inform their heirs of the will's contents, as this may cut down on family squabbles after their death.
Besides preparing a will, the estate planning process also includes picking an executor and setting up various powers of attorney. An estate planning attorney can often help with these matters. The larger the estate the more need there may be for legal assistance, but even people with few assets may benefit from the advice of counsel to make sure their wishes are carried out after their death.