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Journal of Microbiology Research
p-ISSN: 2166-5885 e-ISSN: 2166-5931
2016; 6(5): 93-102
doi:10.5923/j.microbiology.20160605.01
Isolation and Identification of Cholesterol Lowering Probiotic Bacteria from Palm Wine (Raffia mambillensis)
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Eurydice Flore Tiepma Ngongang 1, 2, Bernard Tiencheu 1, 2, Bertrand Tatsinkou Fossi 3, Aduni Ufuan Achidi 1, Dzelafen Marcel Shiynyuy 1, Hilaire Macaire Womeni 2, Zambou Ngoufack François 2
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
3Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Correspondence to: Bernard Tiencheu , Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
Copyright © 2016 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify potential lactic acid bacteria from palm raffia wine and to evaluate in vivo the effect of isolated probiotic bacteria on serum lipids and some enzymes activities in wistar albino rats. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated on MRS agar using pour plate method. The catalase negative and Gram positive isolates were selected as presumptive lactic acid bacteria. They were also assessed for invitro cholesterol assimilation from culture media, acid tolerance and bile salt tolerance. Selected isolates were biochemically characterized using the API 50 CHL BioMerieux kit. In-vivo cholesterol lowing effect was studied on hyperlipidemic induced wistar rats randomly assigned into three groups. The experiment was carried out for four weeks by oral gavages; dose level 108-1010 CFU/ ml. The administered volume of each dose was 1.0 ml/kg body weight/ day, after the feeding trial, the rats were dissected and blood for serum collected for lipid profile (triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-c, VLDL-c and HDL-c), transaminases (ALT and AST) analysis using kits. 35 colonies from palm were studied and 22 were Gram positive. Catalase negative text allowed the selection 10 of them which were studied for their acid and bile tolerance; Data from acid and bile tolerance assays showed that seven isolates were able to maintain viability at pH 2 and to grow in a medium with 0.4% of bile salts. After in vitro assessment for their cholesterol-lowering action 3 isolates were finally selected and identified using the API 50 CHL as two L. plantarum and one L. pentosus. These strains gave rise to a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of the cholesterol level in MRS broth. In particular, L. pentosus strain lowered the cholesterol content by an average of 76.43%, compared to L. plantarum strains which lowered cholesterol content by an average of 51.25% for the isolate 2R30 and 55.22% for 2R36 repectively. The results showed no adverse effect on rats organs according to the enzyme activities and no sign of toxicity also. The probiotic strains (Lactobacillus pentosus) selected effectively demonstrated their effect on reduction of the levels of total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL in the rats blood serum. Data from acid and bile tolerance, in-vitro cholesterol reduction and in-vivo lipidemia assays showed that the dairy isolate L. pentosus can therefore be regarded as new probiotic for and could be used for functional food production.
Keywords: Probiotic Bacteria, Serum, Cholesterol, Lipoprotein, Enzyme, Bile tolerance, Acid tolerance
Cite this paper: Eurydice Flore Tiepma Ngongang , Bernard Tiencheu , Bertrand Tatsinkou Fossi , Aduni Ufuan Achidi , Dzelafen Marcel Shiynyuy , Hilaire Macaire Womeni , Zambou Ngoufack François , Isolation and Identification of Cholesterol Lowering Probiotic Bacteria from Palm Wine (Raffia mambillensis), Journal of Microbiology Research, Vol. 6 No. 5, 2016, pp. 93-102. doi: 10.5923/j.microbiology.20160605.01.
2.1. Sample Collection and Media Preparation
2.2. Isolation Selection and Identification of Bacteria from Palm Wine
2.2.1. Isolation and Selection
2.2.2. Acid Tolerance
2.2.3. Bile Salt Tolerance
2.2.4. Cholesterol Assimilation from Culture Media
2.2.5. Strain Identification Using the API 50CHL System
2.3. Invivo Evaluation of the Effect of the Probiotics Strain on the Lipid Profile
2.3.1. Animal Feeding and Experimental Design
2.3.2. Rat Blood Collection and Biochemical Assay
3.1. Isolation, Identification, In-vitro and In-vivo Cholesterol Lowering Effect of Isolates
3.1.1. Isolation and Selection of LAB
3.1.2. Acid Tolerance of Cultures
3.1.3. Growth in the Presence of Bile Salts
3.1.4. Cholesterol Reduction from the Culture Media
3.1.5. Strain Identification Using the API 50 CHL System
3.2. Rats Bioassay
3.2.1. Feed Consumption of Rats
3.2.2. Weight Gain and Organs Weight
3.2.3. Serum Lipid Profile of Rat that Received L. Pentosus
Palm wine is an alcoholic beverage produced from the sap of various palm tree species. The drink is particularly common in parts of West and Central Africa, South India and the Philippines. In Africa, the sap is most often taken from oil palms such as Elaeis guineensis or from Raffia, kithul or Nipa palms [1]. The dominant bacterial population of palm wine was previously described as lactic acid bacteria [2]. In general, the methods of palm wine tapping and collection of palm sap, including air and the environment as a whole, influence the microbial content of the sap [3, 4]. The wine is collected by tapping from a growing palm and this involves making a small incision in the bark about 15cm from the top of the trunk, a clean gourd is tied around the tree to collect the sap which runs into it [5]. The sap of palm tree has been shown to be a rich medium capable of supporting the growth of various types of microorganisms. Palm wine is milky white and effervescent because of the presence of live bacteria and yeast [2] resulting from natural fermentation.
In a Persian version of the Old Testament, it is said that 'Abraham owed his longevity to the consumption of sour milk' [6]. Metchnikoff has also reported that the longevity of the Bulgarians was in part related to their consumption of large quantities of fermented milk containing lactobacilli [7]. The name probiotic comes from the Greek 'pro bios' which means 'for life' [8]. Probiotics was first used by Lilly and Stillwell to describe the 'substances secreted by one microorganism that stimulate the growth of another [9]. It is clear that, a number of definitions of the term 'probiotic' have been used over the years but the one derived by FAO/WHO, Homayouni and approved by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics [10-12] best exemplifies the breadth and scope of probiotics as they are known today: 'live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, exert health benefits on the host'. Use of probiotic term for microorganisms requires criteria such as: the microorganism must be capable of being prepared in a viable manner and on a large scale, during use and under storage, the probiotics should remain viable and stable, they should be able to survive in the intestinal ecosystem and the host animal should gain beneficially from harboring the probiotic [13].
The main characteristic of a probiotic microorganism is its resistance to digestion by enteric or pancreatic enzymes, gastric acid, bile, ability to prevent the adherence, establishment and replication of pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract [14]. The current conventional medical treatment for obesity is cholesterol-lowering prescription drugs along with low saturated fat diets which although lower serum cholesterol, have potential side effects, unlike probiotic microorganisms which actually can reduce serum cholesterol and have no side effects.
Increased cholesterol levels have been associated with many cardiovascular diseases. Despite the available treatments for hypercholesterolemia, the prevalence of obesity in Cameroon is still increasing thus in the present study, we assessed the probiotic characteristics of lactobacilli strains isolated from palm wine under conditions that stimulate the in-vivo stresses encountered in the gastrointestinal tract such as acid, alkaline, proteolytic enzyme and bile stress. The therapeutic potential of probiotics lactobacilli and yeast strains was assessed in albino rats.
Samples of raffia palm wine that were used in this study were collected from Foto and Foreke areas of Menoua subdivision of West Cameroon and collected from 9 different palm wine tappers. The samples were collected in sterile sampling tubes. The samples were kept at 4°C and transported in cool boxes packed with dry ice to the Life Science Laboratory of the faculty of science, University Buea, Cameroon. To ensure consistency, two tappers were selected as sources of the required samples.
All media were prepared following the manufacturer's instructions. The media used were de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) (Oxoid) agar for isolation of LAB, Aseptic techniques were observed throughout the media preparation process. A 1:10 dilution of each sample was made prior to culturing. This was done by diluting 1ml of the samplewith 9ml of physiological saline (0.85% NaCl). Further, ten-fold serial dilutions ranging from 10-1 to 10-5 were prepared. The 10-5 diluted samples were used for culture on MRS Agar and Nutrient agar.
Bacteria were isolated from seven samples of palm wine (raffia) by pour plate method using De Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar. For this purpose, 1ml of each sample was added to 9ml of saline solution (NaCl, 0.85%). 1 ml aliquot of the 10-4 and 10-5 dilutions was aseptically disposed on sterile plates. All plates were incubated at 30°C for 48 hours under anaerobic conditions. After the incubation of the isolates, a preliminary catalase test was carried out and another isolates were selected Based on the catalase test. From the Catalase negative test, discrete colonies which appeared on the plates with distinct morphological differences such as color, shape and size were picked and purified 2-3 times by restreaking on fresh MRS agar. These pure colonies were further characterized using Gram staining test and cell morphology examinations and 10 Gram positive isolates were selected. Catalase negative and Gram positive isolates were used from acid tolerance and bile salt tolerance test and 7 isolates were selected. Among the seven, 3 isolates were able to assimilate cholesterol in vitro. The three isolates were preserved in 15% (v/v) glycerol at -80°C until identification. Carbohydrate fermentation patterns of LAB were determined using API 50 CHL kit (Bio Merieux, France) to identify selected isolates.
Overnight cultures of test isolates coded 5R33, 8R33 and 2R36 originated from Foreke and 1R32, 2R30, 3R30 and 4R32 originated from Foto village were inoculated (1% v/v) in MRS broth (Oxoid) previously adjusted to pH values 2, and 3, with 1N HCl or NaOH. The cultures were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 6h. Culture turbidity was monitored at 650 nm (Pharmacia LKB, Novaspec II, England) for growth at hourly intervals. The control comprised MRS broth adjusted to pH 7. The experiment was conducted in triplicate.
The method of Gilliland et al. was used to determine bile tolerance [15]. Bile-resistance was determined using the broth assay. Overnight cultures (1% v/v) of the 7 isolates (5R33, 8R33, 2R36 1R32, 2R30, 3R30 and 4R32) with 100 µl aliquot of the bacteria suspensions (107-108 CFU/ml) were inoculated in MRS broth (control cultures) and MRS broth containing 0.2, and 0.4 (w/v) bile salts oxgall (Bronadica, Hispan Lab, SA) and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 6 h. The pH of control and test cultures were adjusted to 6 with 1N HCl or NaOH. Then, viable bacteria counts were obtained after 6h incubation at 37°C 16]. The experiments were performed in duplicates. In both cases, the survival percentage of LAB was calculated by the following formula:
% Survival = Final (cfu/ml) /control (cfu/ml) x 100
Freshly prepared MRS Broth was poured into sixteen screw tubes. All the tubes were supplemented with 0.4% bile salts and 1% cholesterol but tubes 1 to 14 were inoculated in duplicate with 1 % of respective cultures (5R33, 8R33, 2R36, 1R32, 2R30, 3R30 and 4R32) while tubes 15 and 16 were free of isolate and used as control. They were incubated at 37°C for 24h. After incubation, cultures were centrifuged and unutilized cholesterol was estimated in the supernatant by measuring the optical density at 540 nm and compared to the control. Isolates having in vitro reduction of cholesterol on the media were selected.
The identification of lactic acid bacteria from the selected isolates (1R32, 2R30 and 2R36) at species level was done by biochemical characterization using the API 50CH kit (BioMerieux, France). The API 50 CH is a standardized system that associates the fermentation of 50 carbohydrates to bacteria species. It is used for the identification of Lactobacillus and related genera [17]. 10ml of pure water was dispensed into the incubation box with the strip placed in the incubation box, after the bacterial cultures had been introduced into the API 50 CHL system in API 50 CHL medium (5ml), in concentration 2McFarland. The set-up system was then incubated at appropriate temperature of 35°C for 48h, after the wells were filled with the bacterial suspensions by the line mark with the addition of mineral oil. Bacterial strains from palm wine samples with a positive test corresponds to the acidification revealed by the bromocresol purple indicator contained in the medium changing to yellow. For the esculin test, a change in colour from purple to black was interpreted as positive (+). The biochemical profile obtained for the LAB strains was analyzed using the API identification software database (API LAB PLUS), Version 5.
After identification of the isolates, only the isolate (1R32) presenting best acid and bile salts tolerance and high in-vitro assimilation of cholesterol was considered for in vitro assay.
18 wistar albino rats (60 – 90 g) of about 21 days obtained from the animal house of the Department of Zoology, University of Buea were separated into 3 groups of 6 rats each (3 males, 3 females), the negative control group (fed with basal diet + oral gavage of deionized water) termed A, the positive control group (received hyperlipidemic diet (about 85% basal diet, 1% cholesterol, 10% lard (pig fat), W/W + oral gavage of deionized water) termed B, and a test groups (fed with hyperlipidemic diet and received bacteria isolate (1R32) termed group C. they were housed under standard conditions with a 12h light and 12h dark cycle. Temperature was maintained at 23 ± 2°C and relative humidity at approximately 50%. The rats were acclimatized for 7 days prior to use. The animals were housed in metabolic cages and given standard diet (commercial pellet formula adapted from Malathi et al. formula with slight modifications [18]) and water ad libitum throughout the study. The experiment was carried out for four weeks at oral gavages dose level 108-1010 CFU/ ml at a volume of 1.0 ml/kg body weight/day for each dose. The amount of food consumed and animal's weight were recorded daily. The composition of the basal diet is shown on the Table 1.
Table 1. Composition of Diet and Rats Groups
After dosing (30days), the rats were allowed to fast overnight (12 hours) and on the 31st day, anaesthetized using chloroform and sacrificed. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture into eppendorf tubes and the whole blood was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 4000 rpm to obtained serum. The sera were kept at -20°C for the analysis of the lipid profile.
Serum lipid profile, triglycerides (TG) were determined with the use of commercial kits. Total cholesterol (TC) was analyzed enzymatically with CHOD/PAP Method [19-21] and HDLc was also estimated with precipitation using commercial kits [22]. Serum LDLc was determined according to the Friedewald formula with use of HDLc and total cholesterol values [23]. VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL-c) was calculated by dividing triglyceride concentration by five. HDL/LDL ratio was calculated. Albumin, serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) were measured using a commercially available kit via the methods described respectively by Tietz et al., Doumas et al. and Murray-Kaplan et al. [24-26]. An ELISA plate reader (Labsystems, MultiskanEX, Finland) was used to read the absorbance. All the kits used were manufactured by CHRONOLAB SYSTEMS in Barcelona, Spain and were used according to the manufacturer's instructions.
After the last day of administering isolates, the rats were fasted overnight for twelve hours then sacrificed. They were dissected and their blood samples collected in eppendorf tubes aseptically together with vital organs like the liver, both kidneys, spleen and heart which were aseptically handled and put in an ice bath. Analysis was done 2 weeks later to determinethe effect of the probiotic yeast isolate on the rats.
Data obtained were analyzed with the aid of MicrosoftR Excel 2010 software for windows. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation and p value < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Comparisons were made by use of the Bonferroni tests performed using Graphpad Insat 2000 software.
Among 7 samples of palm wine, 35 colonies were isolated. Twenty two were Gram positive bacteria and among them, ten were catalase negative isolates. Acid and bile salts tolerance tests permitted the selection of 7 isolates among which three were retained for their in-vitro cholesterol assimilation on culture media and considered as presumptive LAB. Three of this genus of Lactobacillus was further identified as strains of L. pentosus (isolate1R32) and as strain of L. plantarum (isolates 2R36 and 2R30).
The effects of acidity on the viability of isolates are presented in Table 2. 8R33 and 5R33 were the most acid sensitive of all isolates tested at pH 2. As seen from Table 2 most of the isolates tested were sensitive to acid. Less than 60% survival rate was observed at pH 2 for isolate 5R33, 8R33 and 3R30 while isolates 1R32, 2R30, 2R36 and 4R32 recorded more than 75% rate of survival at this pH. Isolates 2R30 and 2R36 showed the same behavior (high resistance with 100% survivals) under the experimental conditions at pH 3. The lower survival rate at pH 3 was recorded for isolate 4R32 (53.84%). Isolates 1R32, 2R30 and 2R36 presented high survivals rate at pH 2 as well as at pH 3. The viability of all the cultures increased for all isolates from pH 2 to pH 3 except 4R32; this lower survival rate in pH 2.0 compared to pH 3.0, was similar to results reported by other authors [27, 28]. Boke et al. [29] also reported that the viability of Lactobacillus strains was significantly reduced at pH 2.0 as compared to pH 3.0.
Low pH environments can inhibit the metabolism and reduce the growth and viability of lactobacilli. Other studies also confirmed that exposure to gastric acid with pH ≤ 2 after 3 hours incubation caused a reduction in the viability count of the bacteria intensively [30, 31]. Based on the reports of Prasad et al. and Chan et al. the threshold point to state acid resistance in this research was set at pH=2 and pH=3 for six hours incubation as it stimulates bacteria residency in the stomach [30]. This is in accordance with findings of + Liong and Shah which stated that resistance at PH=3 were set as standards for acid tolerance of probiotic culture [32]. The resistant to low pH is the main criteria for probiotic strains selection [33]. Resistance to pH 3 is often used for in vitro assays to determine the resistance to stomach pH [34].
Table 2 shows the effect of bile salts on the growth of the isolates. Significant variations existed among the cultures with regard to their ability to grow in MRS broth and in MRS broth supplemented with bile acids (P <0.05). 2R30, 5R33 and 3R30 were less (more sensitive) bile tolerant than all the other isolates tested at 0.4% Oxgall whereas at 0.2% bile salts, 2R36 and 3R30 were the most sensitive. In a comparison of all the other isolates, 2R36 at 0.2% Oxgall and 2R30 at 0.4% Oxgall were the most sensitive to bile acid, with significantly lower growth rates in the medium (58.21% and 61.74% respectively). The lower survival rates can be explained by the fact that after bacterial exposure to bile salts, disruption of cellular homeostasis occurred that caused the dissociation of lipid bilayer and integral protein of their cell membranes, resulting in bacterial content leakage and finally death of the cell [31]. Unconjugated bile acids, even at low concentrations, can inhibit the in-vitro growth of micro-organisms [35]. According to Gilliland et al. 0.3% is considered to be a critical concentration for screening for resistant strains [15]. Preliminary tests at 0.2% showed that 5R33 and 2R30 were able to record 72.99% and 86.17% survival after 6 hours of culture. Growth at less than 66% was observed for the rest of isolates and can be called medium tolerant isolates. The seven isolates selected were further grown in the presence of Oxgall (0.4%) while at 0.4% oxgall, 1R32 and 2R36 had high rate of survivals (high tolerant) (97.14% and 86% respectively) (Table 2) and can thus be classified as resistant isolates. Since they are tolerant to high bile salts concentration, they are beneficial to the body because according to Madani et al. high bile acid will co-precipitation in low pH environment with cholesterol rich food and facilitate the uptake of cholesterol (Cholesterol assimilation, incorporation to cell membrane or attachment to the bacterial cell surfaces, and resulting destabilization of cholesterol micelles) by Lactobacilli thereby preventing hypercholesterolemia [36]. Bile salt resistance is recommended as a suitable parameter for selecting probiotic strain [37].
The amount of cholesterol assimilated during 24h of anaerobic growth at 37°C (Table 2) revealed wide variation among isolates as well as between trials for the same isolate. All isolates examined were able to assimilate cholesterol to some extent with the exception of 3R30 which did not grow well in the media used. The amounts of cholesterol assimilated by the cultures ranged From 6 to 76.43% with the highest assimilation observed in 1R32 isolate. No statistical significant differences were found between the cultures 5R33 and 3R30 tested with regard to theirs specific cholesterol uptake rate (P < 0.05). In the majority of cases, uptake of cholesterol was higher for 1R32, 2R30 and 2R36 Cultures indicating that they assimilated more than 50% the average of cholesterol in the media. However, this effect was not statistically significant (P > 0.05) between 2R30 and 2R36.
Based on the result of this study, positive in vitro studies without using bile salts are evident [32, 38]. The highest in vitro cholesterol reduction of nearly 310-490 mg/l was reported for L. plantarum strains in the absence of bile (Gilliland et al 1985). When milk was used as the culture media in some studies, again, bile component was not added to the milk [39]. Moreover, it was shown that 1R32 isolated from palm wine can remove 76.43% of the whole cholesterol after complete growth. Cell wall binding capacity was stated to be the major mechanism involved in the latter study [40]. Ahire et al. reported that cholesterol reduction of L. helveticus cultured was attributed to the production of cholesterol oxidase [39]. Cholesterol reducing capability of 3-100 mg/l from the media was reported by other studies [41-43]. The in vitro study of cholesterol removal of Lactobacilli has been consistently used as a screening tool for selection of probiotic strains with diverse health promoting characteristics [44]. Gilliland et al. were the first to show that in vivo efficiency of Lactobacilli could be directly associated with the strains cholesterol-removal capability in the cholesterol-enriched media [38].
After in-vitro test, 3 isolates of LB (1R32, 2R30, 2R36) were selected for their high in-vitro cholesterol lowering effect for identification using API 50CHL System. Utilization of carbohydrates with the API 50 CHL Kit is summarized in Table 3. Ribose, Galactose, Glucose, Fructose, Mannose, Mannitol, Sorbitol, Methyl-D-mannoside, N-Acetyl-Glucosamine, Amygdalin, Arbutin, Esculin, Salicin, Cellobiose, Maltose, Lactose, Melibiose, Sucrose, Trehalose, Melezitose, ß Gentiobiose and D-turanose were utilized by Lactobacillus sp (2R36). LB 2R30 showed higher utilization rates to those same carbohydrates.
Table 2. Acid and Bile Salts tolerance and % Cholesterol Assimilation after Culture
Table 3. API test results after 48 hours of incubation
1R32 showed higher utilization rates with Glycerol, L-arabinose, Ribose, Adonitol, Galactose, Glucose, Fructose, Mannose, Sorbose, Dulcitol, Mannitol, Sorbitol, Methyl-D-glucoside, N-Acetyl Glucosamine, Amygdalin, Arbutin, Esculin, Salicin, Maltose, Lactose, Melibiose, Sucrose, Trehalose, Melezitose, Raffinose, Starch, ß Gentiobiose, D-tagatose, D-arabitol, Gluconate and 2-Keto-Gluconate. In contrast to LB 1R32, 2R36 or 2R30, did not utilize Glycerol, Sorbose, Dulcitol, Methyl-D-glucoside, Raffinose, Starch, D-tagatose, D-arabitol and Gluconate. Comparison with the API database (https://apiweb.biomerieux.com) [45] revealed 99.2% homology of 2R36 and 2R30 with Lactobacillus plantarum, and 99.9% homology of 1R32 with Lactobacillus pentosus. Lactobacillus pentosus can therefore be used for in vivo studies to check for their cholesterol lowering effect.
Rats feed consumption is presented in Table 4. It was significantly increased in the group B but no significant effects were observed in feed consumption in the remaining treated groups.
The highest and increased feed consumption in hyperlipidemic group compared to control and test groups can be due to the high fat content of the hyperlipidemic diet. Lipids are known to increase palatability of food as well as taste [46].
Table 4. Weekly food consumption of rats
Table 5 shows the weekly weight gain of rats during feeding period. The table revealed that the highest increases were recorded in the groups of rats fed with hyperlipidemic or hypercholesterolemic diets. These increases were not significant (P> 0.05.) between test and control groups. The test group receiving hyperlipidemic diet and the bacteria strain recorded the highest body weight. This can be due to the administration of L. pentosus that will limit weight gain probably by preventing the absorption or assimilation of cholesterol or lipids as reported by Ahire et al. [39].
Rat body and organs weight gain are presented Table 5. Body weight gain was significantly high in the group B at the end of the treatment compared to the control group. No significant effects were observed in body weights in the other treated groups.
Table 5. Organs weight and weekly weight gained by the rats
Higher weight gain can be attributed to increase in rat feed consumption with corresponding animal size. It can be observed from the table that the mean weights of all the organs of the test group were not significantly different compared to that of the control; but the increase of liver organ with hyperlipidemic group may be due to the high fat content of the hyperlipidemic diet or accumulation of fat due to high cholesterol content of this diet. The table also shows that except for the liver, the weight of the other organs did not change significantly between the groups. A slight increase in liver weight was observed with animals fed with high cholesterolemic diet without LB strain. We know that excess lipid can induce fatty liver or steatosis (excess fat accumulation in the liver) [47]. LB strain may have protective effects on liver weight gain.
Table 6 shows the serum lipid profile of rats and two transaminase enzyme activities (ALT and AST). This table reveals that the goup of rats that received daily oral administration of bacterial culture significantly reduced cholesterol, triglyceride levels, VLDL and LDL cholesterol, while increasing HDL levels. For many years, it has been recognized that elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor associated with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, the latter being a major cause of death in Western countries [48]. Numerous drugs that lower cholesterol have been used to treat hypocholesterolemic individuals. However, the undesirable side effects of these compounds have raised concerns about their therapeutic use. Ingestion of probiotic (beneficial for health) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) would possibly be a more natural method to decrease serum cholesterol in humans. This result is similar to previous studies done by Taranto et al. which demonstrated that Lactobacillus reuteri administered in low doses has a hypocholesterolemic effect both therapeutically and preventively [48].
The results of this study are also similar to those carried out by Abdolamir et al. who found out that probiotics influences lipid profile parameters [49]. The increase of total cholesterol and TAG were most observed with the group thatreceived the bacteria strain. Hyperlipidemic group B which did not receive yogurts registered higher amounts of cholesterol and TAG. These results show that the declines are due to the presence of the ferment (LB bacterial).
Table 6. Serum lipid indices for the period of basal diet and basal diet plus yeast isolate consumption
It is known that cholesterol levels in plasma and the consumption of diets rich in cholesterol are closely related to each other. The cholesterol-lowering effect of probiotics has been partly attributed to their ability to bind cholesterol in the small intestine. In 1985, Gilliland et al. reported that certain Lactobacillus acidophilus strains could remove cholesterol when grown in culture medium under conditions similar to those found in the intestine [38]. Several studies have indicated that the mechanism for in vitro removal of cholesterol is linked to the bile salt hydrolase activity of probiotic strains [50-52]. Bile salt hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyses the deconjugation of bile salts to liberate free primary bile acids. Deconjugated bile salts are less soluble and less efficiently reabsorbed from the intestinal lumen than conjugated bile salts, therefore, increased amounts of free bile acids are excreted in the faeces [50-52]. Xiao et al. indicated that the administration of yoghurt drinks fermented by Bifidobacterium longum strain BL1 improved blood lipids in subjects who had total cholesterol concentrations of more than 240 mg/dl, and attributed this fact to the ability of this strain to deconjugate bile salts via strong bile salt hydrolase activities [53].
Palm wine generally refers to a group of alcoholic beverages obtained by fermentation from the saps resulting from the prolific growth of diversity of fermenting organism with probiotics characteristics. Finally, bile tolerance is considered to be an important characteristic for a probiotic that enables it to survive and then grow and exert its action in the small intestine. The L. pentosus strain used in this study was found previously to have a high level of bile tolerance and acid resistance. Therefore, as with other lactobacilli strains, this strain can be considered intrinsically resistant to human upper gastro intestinal transit. In vitro and in vivo studies should be regarded as an indicative value in the investigation of the hypocholesterolemic effect of the probiotic strain L. pentosus. The dairy isolates belonging to the species of L. plantarum and L. Pentosus strains, also grew with bile salts and low pH, they could be considered as probiotics establishing the effective cholesterol absorption property after acid and bile salts exposure and can be used to administer functional foods to hypercholesterolemic patients.
The authors are very thankful to Glory Mba Biotechnologies Unit, Cameroon, for critical reading of the manuscript and the University of Buea, Cameroon, for supporting us by providing apparatus and reagents.
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[13] Ogueke, C.C., C.I. Owuamanam, N.C. Ihediohanma and J.O. Iwouno, 2010. Probiotics and prebiotics: Unfolding prospects for better human health. Pak. J. Nutr., 9: 833-843.
[14] Kim, Y., Whang, J. Y., Whang, K. Y., Oh, S., Kim, S. H., 2008, Characterization of the cholesterol reducing activity in a cell-free supernatate of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC43121., Biosci Biotechnol Biochem., 72: 1483–90.
[15] Gilliland, S. E, Staley, T. E., and Bush, L. J., 1984, Importance of bile tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus used as dietary adjunct., J. Dairy Sci. 67: 3045-3051.
[16] Barakat, O. S., Ibrahim, G., Tawfik, N., El-Kholy, W., Gad, E. A., 2011. Identification and probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus strains isolated from traditional Domiati cheese. Int. J. Microbiol. Res. 3(1):59-66.
[17] Ghanbari, M., Rezaei, M., Jami, M., Nazari, R. M., (2009), Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus species from intestinal contents of beluga (Huso huso and Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus). Iran. J. Vet. Res., 10: 152-157.
[18] Malathi, P., Subba R. K., Sheshadri S. P. and Ganguly, J., (1963), Biochem. J., 87:305-311.
[19] Meiattini, F., Prencipe, L., Bardelli, F., Giannini, G., Tarli, P., 1978, The 4-hydroxybenzoate/ 4-amino phenazone chromogenic system used in the enzymic determination of serum cholesterol. Clin Chem., 24(12), 216 1-5.
[20] D. S. Young Effect of drug on clinical laboratory test, 4th ed. Washington, DC. AACC press, 1995.
[21] H. K. Naito, High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Kaplan A. et al. Clio Chem. The C.V. Mosby co. St Louls. Torento. Princeton 1207-1213 and 437, 1984.
[22] Grove, T. H., 1979, Effect of reagent pH on the determination of HDL cholesterol by precipitetion with sodium phosphotungstate-magnesium. Clin chem., 25(4), 560-4.
[23] Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., Fredrickson, D. S., Clin. Chem., 1972, 18, 499.
[24] N. W. Tietz, E. L, Pruden, O. Siggard-Andersen., Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 3rd edition, W. B. Saunders. Company: Philadelphia, 1995.
[25] Doumas, B. T., Watson, W. A. and Biggs, H. G. (1971). Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with Bromocresol green. Clin. Chim.; 31: 87-96.
[26] Murray R. Lactate dehydrogenase. Kaplan, A., Rubaltelli, F. F., Hammerman, C (1984) Clinical Chemistry The C.V. Mosby Co. St Louis. Toronto. Princeton, 1984, 1154-162.
[27] Vasiee, A. R, Tabatayazd,i Y.F.,, Mortazvi, A., Edalatian, M. R. (2014). Isolation, identification and characterization of probiotic Lactobacilli spp. from Tarkhineh. Int. Food Res. J. 21(6):2487-2492.
[28] Sahadeva, R., Leong, S., Chua, K., Tan, C., Chan, H., Tong, E., Wong, S. and Chan, H. 2011, Survival of commercial probiotic strains to pH and bile, International Food Research Journal 18(4), 1515-1522.
[29] Boke, H., Aslim, B. and Alp, G. 2010, The role of resistance to bile salts and acid tolerance of exopolysaccharides (EPSS) produced by yogurt starter bacteria. Archives of Biological Sciences, 62(2), 323-328.
[30] Chan HK, Sahadeva RPK, Leong SF, et al. Survival of commercial probiotic strains to pH and bile. Int Food Res J. 2011; 18(4): 1515–1522.
[31] Mandal S, Puniya AK, Singh K. Effect of alginate concentration on survival of encapsulated Lactobacillus casei NCDC-298. Int Dairy J. 2006; 16: 1190–1195.
[32] Liong MT, Shah NP. Acid and bile tolerance and cholesterol removal ability of lactobacilli strain. J of Dairy Sci. 2005; 88: 55–66.
[33] Çakırİ (2003). Determination of some probiotic properties on Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Ankara University Thesis of PhD; pp. 24.
[34] Ekundayo FO (2014) Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from rhizosphere soils of three fruit trees, fish and ogi. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 3(3):991-998.
[35] Fuller, R. History and development of probiotics. in: R. Fuller (Ed.) Probiotics—The Scientific Basis. Chapman and Hall, London, UK; 1992: 1–8.
[36] Madani, G., Mirlohi, M., Yahay, M., & Hassanzadeh, A. (2013). How Much In Vitro Cholesterol Reducing Activity of Lactobacilli Predicts Their In Vivo Cholesterol Function? International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4(4), 404–413.
[37] Hatice, B., Belma, A., Gulcin, A. (2010), The Role of Resistance To Bile Salts And Acid Tolerance of Exopolysaccharides (Epss) Produced By Yogurt Starter Bacteria, Arch. Biol. Sci., 62(2),323-328.
[38] Gilliland SE, Nelson CR, Maxwell C. Assimilation of cholesterol by lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985; 49: 377–81.
[39] Ahire JJ, Bhat AA, Thakare JM, Pawar PB, Zope DG, Jain RM, et al. Cholesterol assimilation and biotransformation by Lactobacillus helveticus. Biotechnol Lett. 2012; 34: 103–7.
[40] Belviso S, Giordano M, Dolci P, Zeppa G. In vitro cholesterol- lowering activity of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei strains isolated from the Italian Castelmango PDO cheese. Dairy Sci Technol. 2009; 89: 169–76.
[41] Ewe JA, Karim AA, Bhat R, Abdullah Wan WN, Liong MT. Enhanced growth of lactobacilli and bioconversion of isoflavones in biotin-supplemented soymilk upon ultrasound-treatment. Ultrason Sonochem. 2012; 19: 160–73.
[42] Guo, L. D., Yang, L., Huo, G., 2011, Cholesterol removal by Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from homemade fermented cream in Inner Mongolia of China. Czech J Food Sci., 29:219–25.
[43] Anila, K., Kunzes, A. and Bhalla, T. C., 2016, In Vitro Cholesterol Assimilation and Functional Enzymatic Activities of Putative Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. İsolated from Fermented Foods/Beverages of North West India, J Nutr Food Sci., 6:2
[44] Gilliand, S. E, Walker, D. K., 1990, Factors to consider when selecting a culture of L. acidophilus as a dietary adjunct to produce a hypercholesterolemic effect in human. J Dairy Sci., 73: 905–9.
[45] Cox, R. P., Thomsen, J. K. 1990, Computer-aided identification of lactic acid bacteria using the API 50 CHL system. Lett Appl Microbiol., 10:257–259.
[46] Oliveira, T. W., Leandro, C. G., De-Jesus Deiró T. C., Dos Santos Perez G., Da França Silva, D., Druzian, J.I., Couto, R. D., Barreto-Medeiros, J. M., 2011, A perinatal palatable high-fat diet increases food intake and promotes hypercholesterolemia in adult rats. Lipids., 46 (11),1071-4.
[47] Yilmaz, Y., 2012, Review article: is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum,or are steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis distinctconditions? Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 36: 815–823.
[48] Taranto, M. P., Perdigón, G, Médici, M, De-Valdez, G. F., 2004, Animal model for in vivo evaluation of cholesterol reduction by lactic Acid bacteria, Methods Mol Biol.; 268, 417-422.
[49] Abdolamir, B., Roushan, Z. M., Razmik, B., Julayi H., Sohrabi, Z., Mazloomi, S. M. and Eskandari M., 2010, Effects of probiotic yoghurt consumption on the serum cholesterol levels in hypercholestromic cases in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Scientific Research and Essays. 5(16), 2206-2209.
[50] Kimoto, H., Ohmomo, S., Okamoto, T., 2002, Cholesterol removal from media by Lactococci. J. Dairy Sci. 85, 3182–3188.
[51] Lye, H. S., Rahmat-Ali, G. R., Liong, M. T., 2010, Mechanisms of cholesterol removal by Lactobacilli under conditions that mimic the human gastrointestinal tract. Int. Dairy J. 20, 169–175.
[52] Perova, N. V., Metelskaya, V. A., 2008, Plant sterols and stanols as the dietary factors lowering hypercholesterolemia by inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption, Kardiologiia. 48, 62–69.
[53] Xiao, J. Z., Kondo, S., Takahashi, N., Miyaji, K., Oshida, K., Hiramatsu, A., Iwatsuki, K., Kokubo, S., Hosono, A. 2003, Effects of milk products fermented by Bifidobacterium longum on blood lipids in rats and healthy adult male volunteers. J Dairy Sci. 86(7), 2452-61.
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Vintage kitchen cabinets are made to be authentic restorations or reproductions of earlier styles. Purists appreciate the historical accuracy of vintage kitchens, as opposed to retro kitchens which are more nostalgic than historical.
For the aficionado, every detail must be in place: Vintage appliances, old-fashioned telephones, and period decor come together to accurately restore the kitchen designs of the past.
Older Is Better: Let's face it: Most old things were built to last. Vintage kitchen cabinets, for example, can survive a surprisingly long time. My grandparents' kitchen cabinets are original to the 1949 postwar house, and they show no signs of giving out even after decades of abuse by children, grandchildren, and now great grandchildren. Compare that to the cheap imported cabinets some folks buy that last less than 20 years, and you will see why newer is not always better.


text:
Q: what does this code block do in this program? Code:
temp = inp = int(input())
count = 0

while True:
    ten = temp//10
    one = temp%10
    result = ten + one
    count += 1
    temp = int(str(temp%10)+ str(result%10))

    if (inp == temp):
        break
print(count)

I was wondering what temp = int(str(temp%10) + str(result%10))is doing in this code.
This code gets an input from the user, and gets the value of from tens and ones place, adds them, increment count and cycles them by adding the result and the number from the ones place until they become original input.

A: In the line :
 temp = int(str(temp%10) + str(result%10))

First, you are calculating the modulo of temp and result by 10: this gives you 2 numbers. With the str command, you convert the number in string. With the + you are merging the two string one after the other. Then you convert your new string into an integer.
For example if temp = 10 and result = 50
temp % 10 = 1 --> in str '1'
result % 10 = 5 --> in str '5'
You merge the two str: '1'+'5' = '15' --> in int = 15

A: That specific line:

*

*converts two integers into strings

*concatenates the strings

*converts the resulting string back to integer again

Let's say that the user input is 1.

*

*temp would be equal to 1.

*temp % 10 would evaluate to 1.

*result would be equal to (1 // 10) + (1 % 10) = 1.

*result % 10 would be 1.

*If we convert the types of resulting integers from steps 3 and 4 into str, we can just concatenate them with +. The resulting string would be 11 (Because '1' + '1' is '11') An alternative approach to do that would be: f'{temp % 10}{result % 10}'

*Now, passing the resulting string into int() would just convert it into an integer.

Hope this helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
'Pups Meet the Cat Pack' Sneak Peek | PAW Patrol | Nick Jr.
PAW Patrol & Cat Pack Stop Robot Cat! | Nick Jr.
The PAW Patrol pups and Cat Pack cats use teamwork to stop Meow-Meow, who turned into a giant robot cat, from eating things across Adventure Bay!
PAW Patrol: Pups Meet the Cat Pack premieres June 24, exclusively on Paramount+! Try it FREE at ParamountPlus.com!
Paw Patrol Cat Pack- Sneak Peek w/ Tracker!
PAW Patrol fans can stream full episodes of PAW Patrol, PAW Patrol: The Movie and PAW Patrol Live! At Home featuring "Race to the Rescue" on Paramount+. Try it FREE today at ParamountPlus.com.
More Nick: Nickelodeon Renews 'PAW Patrol' for Season 10; Announces Rubble Spinoff!
#PAWPatrol #CatPack #PAWPatrolRescues #UltimateRescue #MightyPups
Originally published: June 10, 2022.
Follow NickALive! on Twitter, Reddit, Instagram, Facebook, Google News, Tumblr, via RSS and more for the latest Nickelodeon Preschool, Nick Jr. and PAW Patrol News and Highlights!
Labels: Nick Jr., Nick Jr. USA, Nickelodeon Highlights, Nickelodeon News, Nickelodeon Preschool, Nickelodeon Promos, Nickelodeon Shows, Nickelodeon Sneak Peeks, Nickelodeon Specials, Nickelodeon Video Clips, Paw Patrol
FUTURAMA Billy West Panel – Sci-Fi Valley Con 2022 | Fandom Spotlite
Futurama voice actor Billy West gave a panel at Sci-Fi Valley Con 2022 to talk about Futurama, his other roles, his career, and answer fan questions.
Billy West portrays Phillip J. Fry, Zoidberg, Professor Hubert J. Farnsworth, Captain Zapp Brannigan, and others on Futurama, but he has also portrayed characters in hundreds of other shows. His credits also include Doug, Ren and Stimpy, The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, CatDog, Disenchantment, Skylanders Academy, The Looney Tunes Show, Jungle Junction, Drawn Together, Squirrel Boy, Johnny Bravo, The Oblongs, Men in Black: The Series, Voltron: The Third Dimension, King of the Hill, Pinky and the Brain, Animaniacs and so many more.
To learn more about Sci-Fi Valley Con, visit https://www.scifivalleycon.com.
More Nick: Nickelodeon Supercharges Its Franchise Strategy With Steady Stream of New Premium Content for 2022-23 Season!
Follow NickALive! on Twitter, Reddit, Instagram, Facebook, Google News, Tumblr, via RSS and more for the latest Nickelodeon and The Ren & Stimpy Show News and Highlights!
Labels: Animaniacs, Classic Nickelodeon, Doug, Futurama, Nickelodeon At Comic-Cons, Nickelodeon News, Nickelodeon Shows, Nickelodeon USA, Nickelodeon Voice Actors, NickRewind, NickToons (Animation), Ren And Stimpy
Classic Rugrats Comic Strip for June 21, 2022 | Nickelodeon
Stream the classic and the all new CG-animated Rugrats series on Paramount+! Try it FREE at ParamountPlus.com!
More Nick: Paramount Plus Renews the All-New 'Rugrats' for Season 2!
Follow NickALive! on Twitter, Reddit, Instagram, Facebook, Google News, Tumblr, via RSS and more for the latest Classic Nickelodeon, NickRewind and Rugrats News and Highlights!
Labels: Nickelodeon Comics, Nickelodeon Highlights, Nickelodeon International, Nickelodeon News, Nickelodeon Shows, Nickelodeon USA, NickRewind, NickToons (Animation), Rugrats, Rugrats Comics
Paramount Plus Invests in Local Content, Expanding Its Pipeline of Premium International Originals
PARAMOUNT+ INVESTS IN LOCAL CONTENT, EXPANDING ITS PIPELINE OF PREMIUM INTERNATIONAL ORIGINALS
Streamer Announces Plans to Commission 150 International Originals by 2025,
Latest Commissions from Around the World include Sinaloa's First Lady; One Must Die; Murder of God's Banker; The Sheikh (Der Scheich); A Thin Line; MASK: Marie Antoinette Serial Killer and Circeo (Italy)
Announcement Comes in Advance of the Service's Expansion to the UK and Ireland on June 22
June 20, 2022: Paramount+, the global streaming service from Paramount Global (NASDAQ: PARA, PARAA) ("Paramount"), today announced its investment in internationally originated content with a slate of original series that will debut around the world, a first step towards the streamer's plan to commission 150 international originals by 2025. The news comes in advance of Paramount+'s expansion to the UK and Ireland on June 22, Italy in September, Germany, Switzerland, Austria (GSA) and France in December.
Paramount+ offers an expansive lineup of premium locally originated programming, in addition to its global content, serving all types of audiences in all markets where the service is available. The originals will be produced in partnership with VIS, Paramount's international studio, which is a division of the company's vast worldwide studio footprint that spans more than 20 countries.
The new slate follows the streamer's announcement of originals from around the world, including: Sexy Beast (UK), A Gentleman in Moscow (UK), The Chemistry of Death (Germany), Los Enviados (The Envoys) (Mexico), Cecilia (Mexico), Bosé (Spain), Fallaci (Italy), At Midnight (Mexico), The Signal (France), Impact (France), and more.
"Paramount's story began with the longest running studio in Hollywood, and today we span the globe with our worldwide production studios that create hits for audiences around the world, which now live all in one place: Paramount+. As the service continues to expand internationally, there's a great opportunity for content to travel globally, opening up a world of opportunities for talent and creators as we plan to commission 150 international originals by 2025, while delivering incredible value to subscribers on Paramount+," said Marco Nobili, Executive Vice President and International General Manager of Paramount+.
The slate includes the following titles:
Murder of God's Banker (International): This 4-part docuseries recounts the murder of Italian fugitive banker Roberto Calvi, whose body is found hanging off a London bridge. Although his death was initially declared a suicide, it is later uncovered that many wanted Calvi dead. He had presided over the collapse of a major Italian bank whose largest shareholder was none other than the Vatican. This revelation blows the lid off the secretive world of the Vatican's financial system- a world populated by priests, mobsters, and neo-fascists. What looks like the simple story of a dead banker becomes one of international intrigue. Produced by CreativeChaos vmg in association with VIS, to debut on Paramount+ in all international markets.
MASK: Marie Antoinette Serial Killer (France): An 8-hour young adult fantasy horror thriller created and developed by Executive Producers Beth Tapper and Mitch Watson. Leila Smith (Lockout, Hitman, Find Me in Paris) also acts as Executive Producer for the series. Based upon the novel "Marie Antoinette Serial Killer" by author Katie Alender, the series follows four young American girls on spring break in Paris. While exploring the edgy side of the city, they find themselves caught up in a mysterious, almost supernatural murder spree that soon becomes very personal. Could the murderer be the ghost of the late queen Marie Antoinette? And why is it chasing them? Currently in advanced development, the series is produced by leading prodco Cottonwood Media (David Michel, Cécile Lauritano & Zoé Carrera Allaix) and VIS. It will debut exclusively on Paramount+ in France and all international markets.
A Thin Line (Germany): Young "hacktivist" twin sisters Anna (Saskia Rosendahl) and Benni (Hanna Hilsdorf) are inseparable in their quest to expose environmental wrongdoing by any means necessary. But when their hack into a government server leads to a police raid, Anna is captured and Benni disappears into the underground. When it becomes apparent Benni is lending her skills to a radical new terrorist group that does not shy away from violent action against state and corporations, the sisters suddenly find themselves on opposite sides of the question: What line are you willing to cross for something you believe in? Produced by Weydemann Bros. Serial Drama in association with VIS, to debut exclusively on Paramount+ in all international markets.
The Sheikh (Der Scheich) (Germany): Inspired by true events, The Sheikh tells the story of a one-of-a-kind con artist. Ringo (Björn Meyer), a simple man ridiculed as the village idiot in his hometown, reinvents himself as the heir of an Arabic fortune. With nothing but a bunch of tall tales and a fabricated bank statement for $8 billion, he becomes every Swiss investor's dream, bringing Switzerland's political and economic system to the brink of a national crisis. Created and written by multi-award-winning filmmaker Dani Levy (Alles auf Zucker!, Die Känguru-Chroniken), who directs together with Johannes Naber (Curveball, Zeit der Kannibalen), and stars Petra Schmidt-Schaller, Sylvester Groth, Carol Schuler, Philippe Graber and Pasquale Aleardi in additional roles. The tragicomic series is produced by X Filme Creative Pool and VIS, to debut exclusively on Paramount+ in all international markets.
CIRCEO (Italy): CIRCEO tells the story of the aftermath of the crime that came to be known as "The Circeo Massacre", which upset Italy in the 1970s, after two teenage girls were found in the trunk of a car in Rome, naked, wrapped in blankets and drenched in blood. One was dead, the other one alive. Focusing on the trial that followed and centering on the lone surviving victim, Donatella, the series reflects on a watershed moment in the path of the emancipation of Italian women, demanding (and eventually obtaining) the wholesale revision of laws on sexual violence. CIRCEO is written by Flaminia Gressi, Viola Rispoli and Lisa Nur Sultan and directed by Andrea Molaioli. Produced by Cattleya in partnership with VIS for Paramount+ and Rai in Italy, the series will also debut on Paramount+ in France and GSA.
Sinaloa's First Lady (Mexico): Starring and produced by John Leguizamo with Frida Torresblanco also producing, this narrative series will chronicle the fascinating yet volatile life of El Chapo's infamous Beauty Queen Bride, Emma Coronel — an innocent farm girl turned fierce icon who rises to become Mexico's most formidable crime wife. A story of love, sex, drugs, and danger. Produced by VIS in association with Braven Films, the series has been greenlit for development to debut exclusively on Paramount+ in Latin America and all international markets.
One Must Die (Mexico): A suspense thriller movie that centers around seven people who are kidnapped and suddenly find themselves part of a deadly game. As the clock ticks, to survive the seven participants must choose one to die and the chosen one will have to agree. Starring the talented Manolo Cardona, Maribel Verdú, Carla Adell, Juan Carlos Remolina, Adriana Paz, Dagoberto Gama, Fernando Becerril, and director Manolo Cardona. Produced by VIS in association with 11:11 FILMS to debut exclusively in all international markets.
Paramount+ also revealed casting details for the previously announced original, The Chemistry of Death (Simon Becketts Die Chemie des Todes) (Germany), which will debut on the service in all international markets:
The thrilling psychological crime series based on Simon Beckett's bestselling novels will star Harry Treadaway (Penny Dreadful, Mr Mercedes, Star Trek: Picard) as forensic anthropologist Dr. David Hunter, alongside Katie Leung (The Peripheral, The Wheel of Time), Jeanne Goursaud (Barbarians, Para: We Are Kind), Nick Blood (Close to Me, Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.), Amy Nuttall (Why Didn't They Ask Evans?, Downton Abbey), David Hayman (Fisherman's Friends, Top Boy) and Hardy Krüger Jr (Uppercut, Stauffenberg). Shooting of the six-episode series began mid-May and will cover locations in Scotland and Norfolk until the end of August.
About Paramount+
Paramount+ is a global digital subscription video streaming service from Paramount that features a mountain of premium entertainment for audiences of all ages. Internationally, the streaming service features an expansive library of original series, hit shows and popular movies across every genre from world-renowned brands and production studios, including SHOWTIME®, BET, CBS, Comedy Central, MTV, Nickelodeon, Paramount Pictures and the Smithsonian Channel™, in addition to a robust offering of premier local content. The service is currently live in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, the Caribbean, the Nordics, Australia and South Korea.
For more information about Paramount+, please visit www.paramountplus.com and follow @ParamountPlus on social platforms.
More Nick: Paramount Plus Expands Kids and Family Programming with New Slate of Films and Series from Nickelodeon Studios!
Follow NickALive! on Twitter, Reddit, Instagram, Facebook, Google News, Tumblr, via RSS and more for the latest Nickelodeon on Paramount+ News and Highlights!
Labels: Nickelodeon Europe, Nickelodeon Highlights, Nickelodeon International, Nickelodeon News, Paramount Global, Paramount Plus, Viacom Press Releases, ViacomCBS Streaming Services
VidCon 2022 Announces Featured Creators & Free Livestream
The 2022 VidCon event is revealing who will be in attendance!
It was just announced on Tuesday (February 22) which creators will be at the event, which takes place June 22-25th in Anaheim, Calif.
This is the first time since 2019 that VidCon will be in person, after the last two conventions were canceled due to the on-going COVID-19 pandemic. While there was a virtual event in 2020, the 2021 event was canceled in it's entirety.
In addition to the return of the event, there was also be a free livestream offering, which will be available on the VidCon YouTube channel. It will feature more than four stages throughout the event and include main stage panels, concerts and more!
Among the slate of Featured Creators this year are The Thundermans star Kira Kosarin, Alex Wassabi, Brittany Broski, the Montoya Twinz, KREW, and more.
There will also be initial programming, featuring engaging discussions, Q&As, fireside chats, and more exploring the evolution of the creator economy, the impact of new technologies and platforms including the metaverse, Web3, and NFTs, among others. There will be executives from Nickelodeon, Meta, Instagram, Wave, Pocket.Watch, and more.
Check out the list of just confirmed Featured Creators below, and head to VidCon.com for the full lineup and more info!
Featured Creators at 2022 VidCon:
Alex Wassabi
Aysha Harun
Ben Azelart
Brent Rivera
Brittany Broski
CircleToonsHD
Devon St. Arnaud (aka GingerPale)
Erika Titus
Jasmine Chiswell
KallMeKris
Kira Kosarin
Kirsten Titus
KREW – Draco Allen, Funneh Kat, Gold Kim, LeahAshe, Lunar Wenny, and Rainbow Betty
Lexi Rivera
Morgan Eckroth (MorganDrinksCoffee)
Mya and Myka Montoya (Montoya Twinz)
Nia Sioux
Onyx Family
Ryan Bergara (Watcher)
Shane Madej (Watcher)
Spencewuah
Steven Lim (Watcher)
The Merrell Twins
The Trills
TootyMcNooty
William Osman
Vidcon 2022 Commercial Spot 2 (Nickelodeon U.S.)
Labels: AwesomenessTV, Nickelodeon At VidCon, Nickelodeon Events, Nickelodeon Highlights, Nickelodeon Shows, Nickelodeon Stars, Nickelodeon USA, The Thundermans, VidCon
'Pups Meet the Cat Pack' Sneak Peek | PAW Patrol |...
FUTURAMA Billy West Panel – Sci-Fi Valley Con 2022...
Paramount Plus Invests in Local Content, Expanding...
VidCon 2022 Announces Featured Creators & Free Liv...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: process memory size solaris Running perl script in solaris 10 machine.  Know the RAM Size is 25 GB.  Have two queries.

*

*Normally How much RAM memory  a solaris process is allocated. Is it a default value assigned to any script or process. where it can be set?   How do i determine how much max  static array size can i have and how much dynamic memory can i allocate? what command i need to issue to find it out what memory allocated to a process in solaris? Is it configurable?

*When the script gives me outofmemory error. Does it mean it used the entire RAM and virtual memory?  Is there any way to know how memory was used when the script threw out ofmemory error?what command i need to issue to find it out in solaris?

A: 1) As much as it requests, up to the limit set by ulimit.   Commands such as pmap and ps can show how much a process has allocated at the current time.
2) It can mean that it used all virtual memory, or that it hit the process limit, or that it's a 32-bit process and hit the 4gb address space limit.  Solaris Application Memory Management provides some more details.


UK terrestrial broadcaster Channel 4 has updated its All 4 catch-up app on Android devices to include the 'Watch Live' feature for the first time.
The new functionality applies to compatible devices running Android OS Version 4.3 and above and follows an overhaul of the All 4 app on Android at the end of last year.
All 4 first launched last March to replace Channel 4's earlier on-demand service 4oD. The 'Watch Live' feature was available at launch on the iOS and PC versions of the service.
The update comes ahead of Channel 4's first live Formula 1 broadcast, the Bahrain Grand Prix, which takes place this weekend.


Staddles is an extremely attractive detached family home centrally located in its own secluded half acre plot. The hamlet of Wildhern is within the Parish of Tangley & Hatherden, just north of Andover. This desirable village is conveniently located with good access to the centre of Andover and a short drive to A303 and M3. The station, with recently extended parking facilities, is 10 minutes drive and located in Charlton the station has a regular service to London Waterloo (Every 40 mins). The property lies at the edge of an area of outstanding natural beauty, with many good quality country walks, ideal for dog walking, and country circular walks. The owners have found a property and can facilitate a quick move. Boasting over 3,000 sq ft of living space, extensive parking, large outbuildings and further scope to extend subject to the normal permissions, this property is unlikely to be on the market for long. Any potential offers must be submitted to The Property Explorer on or before the 28th April 2017.
On the ground floor the property is access through a generous entrance hall leading to most of the reception rooms which are light and airy with high ceilings. The living room has a number of large windows with open views of the secluded gardens and sweeping drive. A large formal dining room is accesses from the living room and the kitchen breakfast room. The utility room is a large space and has plenty of full length storage and door leading to the garden. Also on the ground floor is a family bathroom and two large bedrooms one of which is being used as a study. Both rooms are of a good size and there is a guest WC also. Upstairs the property continues to offer the same generous sizes with two large double bedrooms with en suite shower rooms both of which have views over the garden. A further large loft room currently used as a painting studio but would be a perfect family or games room.
The popular village of Wildhern has a thriving community and social scene, three very good local country pubs- The Fox and The Cricketers at Tangley and The Old Bell and Crown in Hatherden. There is a village hall and a newly established sporting facility with flood-lit tennis court, cricket net and children's play area. Andover has a great shopping center which includes a Waitrose. In addition the area has some excellent private and state schools, The well regarded Bourne Valley primary schools of Vernham Dean, Hurstbourne Tarrant and St Mary Bourne. Prep schools include Farleigh School. Heatherdon Primary School is a 15 minute walk.


Are you suffering from damaged hair? If you are, then you've come to the right place! But taking aside the infomercial way of advertising, hair that is damaged won't look as good as healthy hair. One of the prime culprits of having damaged hair is because of stress, and because of the hustle-and-bustle that you are trying to accomplish each-and=every-day, your hair takes a horrible toll. So if you want to get your original lustrous hair back once more, then read on.
When you want to repair your damaged hair, then you can opt for a protein treatment. This is because the main element for having nice curly or plain hair is a protein named keratin. Aside from keratin, there are also other proteins at work that works as a long chain of amino acids in which form hair strands. Therefore, it is only natural that resupplying your hair with proteins, most especially that of keratin, will strengthen your hair once more.
Aside from having a protein treatment, you should also avoid using hair dryers too much if you want to repair damaged hair. This is because hair dryers give out uncontrolled heat. Intense heat makes the hair dryer (no pun intended) than normal. Dry hairs are also prone to splitting and roughness. Therefore, always dry your hair the natural method right after washing it. Dangling your hair upside down or drying it with towels is good enough.
Also, one obvious way to bring back healthy hair is to moisten it. As mentioned earlier, dryness can cause damage to your hair, hence bringing back moisture is one of the more obvious solutions. You can create a mixture of aloe vera, honey, egg, banana, and mayonnaise and place it on your hair. It will act as an effective hair pack for your dry hair. Just apply this particular hair pack onto your wet hair and wash it off with clean water right after an hour.
Lastly, make sure that if your hair stays protected from sunlight so that you don't get damaged hair. However, if in case that you need to face the heat of the sun for long periods of time (like when you're going to the beach), then you can make use of a bandanna or a hat to protect your beautiful locks. There are also sunscreen care lotions available on the market for your hair so that you can keep your hair looking fresh and shiny.


Francofvrti : Sumtibus Ionae Rhodii Bibliopolae, 1602.
Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: ... Anno M.D.C. II.
Mikrofiche. München : Saur, 1990. Mikrofiche-Nr. E18-E23 : 32x.
Ex otiosa Bibliothecarum custodia erutus, & foras prodire iussus, A Iano Grvtero. 1 (1602).
Add tags for "Lampas, Sive Fax Artivm Liberalivm, Hoc Est, Thesavrvs Criticvs : In Qvo Infinitis Locis Theologorum, Jurisconsultorum, Medicorum, Philosophorum, Oratorum, Historicorum, Poetarum, Grammaticorum scripta supplentur, corriguntur, illustrantur, notantur". Be the first.


text:
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HRESULT DAPI Iis7PutPropertyInteger(
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HRESULT DAPI Iis7PutPropertyString(
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HRESULT DAPI Iis7PutPropertyBool(
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HRESULT DAPI Iis7GetPropertyVariant(
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HRESULT DAPI Iis7GetPropertyString(
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struct IIS7_APPHOSTELEMENTCOMPARISON
{
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};

BOOL DAPI Iis7IsMatchingAppHostElement(
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HRESULT DAPI Iis7FindAppHostElementString(
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HRESULT DAPI Iis7FindAppHostElementPath(
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HRESULT DAPI Iis7FindAppHostElementInteger(
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HRESULT DAPI Iis7FindAppHostElementVariant(
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    __out IAppHostElement** ppElement,
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HRESULT DAPI Iis7EnumAppHostElements(
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    __out IAppHostElement** ppElement,
    __out DWORD* pdwIndex
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HRESULT DAPI Iis7FindAppHostMethod(
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#ifdef __cplusplus
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In West Midlands, Bristol, London, Midlothian, Cornwall and Dublin from Sat 10th Aug.
In Devon on Fri 21st Jun.
In Wiltshire on Sat 20th Jul.
In London on Sat 22nd Jun.
In Glasgow on Fri 17th May.
In London, Yorkshire, Midlothian, Glasgow, Merseyside, Tyne and Wear, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria and many more from Thu 25th Apr.
In London, Yorkshire, Bridgend, Cornwall, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Nottinghamshire, Devon and more from Wed 24th Apr, featuring Big 10, DJ Jesse James, Max Splodge and Splodgenessabounds.
In Bristol, London, Yorkshire and Greater Manchester from Thu 20th Jun, featuring Dub Asante Band.
In Greater Manchester, Tyne and Wear, Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire from Sat 27th Apr.
In London on Fri 23rd Aug.
In West Midlands, Bristol, London, Glasgow, Yorkshire, Merseyside, Greater Manchester, Tyne and Wear and more regions from Wed 24th Apr.
In London, Yorkshire and Greater Manchester from Thu 25th Apr.
In West Midlands, London, Midlothian, Glasgow, Greater Manchester, Tyne and Wear, Yorkshire, Dublin and many more regions from Fri 26th Apr, featuring Castell Roc.
In Nottinghamshire on Sun 28th Apr.
In Bristol, London, Sussex and Glamorgan from Sun 28th Apr, featuring Eek A Mouse, The Mighty Diamonds and Big Youth.
In Greater Manchester on Thu 2nd May, featuring Yellowman and Max Romeo.
In London on Thu 2nd May.
In Greater Manchester, Cumbria and Sussex on Fri 3rd May.
In Buckinghamshire on Fri 3rd May.
In Yorkshire and Sussex on Fri 3rd May.
Looking For Reggae Near You?
Aug 2011:Little Roy 'Battle for Seattle' 100 Club ticket winners announced!
Competition: Two pairs of tickets to see Little Roy's 'Battle for Seattle' at the 100 Club on 25th August 2011!


Coffee keeps me busy until it is acceptable to drink wine.
Lord, give me coffee to change the things I can, and wine to accept the things I can't.
I Love Cooking With Wine...Sometimes I Even Put It In The Food!
I'm a hybrid - I run on chocolate and wine!


Last updated: See date to the right.
Updated 1/2012: New code in the release channels is causing login issues, basic ghosting where the system thinks you are already logged in. The official fix is call support. I suggest you read on for steps you can take.
Due to a timing issue in the region software we are seeing people fail to properly log out. The result is they leave a ghost behind, not a particle ball, more the spooky kind of ghost we expect to see for Halloween. I've seen lots of people making this complaint recently. The Beta Server and QA teams are aware of the problem and they are chasing it down.
The problem results in one's avatar being left behind somewhere in-world when you logout. It causes a user to show in the system as already logged on, thus preventing them from logging into Second Life.
Over time I've decided this is not a viewer problem, at least not a specific viewer. It does not seem to matter which viewer one uses. A poor Internet connection greatly increases your chances of experiencing the problem.
Often a failed teleport or region boundary crossing can cause the problem. Such failures become more likely as the number of scripts you are wearing goes above 100. Sizable hair and the beautiful sculpty feet and shoes can drive the script count to amazing numbers. If you or friends use the Phoenix Viewer one can right-click on the avatar and use the S. Count item in the Phoenix pie menu to get the number of scripts an avatar has attached.
When the problem strikes people in-world can usually see the avatar. They can't push it and often can walk through it, thus the ghost reference.
First… a reinstall of the viewer will NOT help. Clearing the cache is unlikely to have any effect. This problem is on the server side.
Having Linden Lab or the region owner kick the user out or restart the region clears the problem. The challenge is getting their attention and getting something done. Using Linden Lab's support has mixed results.
Private regions, anything not part of the main land or Zindra (SL's red light district) is likely a private region, the solution is to contact the region owner and ask for a region restart.
Or wait for Tuesday. In general, new software is loaded to the main grid on Tuesday mornings. This forces a restart of every region on the main grid. Private regions are a case by case situation and may restart or not on any given Tuesday, depending on the owners preferences. The restart is also dependent on the current Release Candidate passing testing. If it doesn't, there is no rollout and no restarts. The Release Channels restart on Wednesday mornings. By late Wednesday morning, SLT or PST, all of SL has been restarted.
…OK… I'm not big on waiting for someone to show up and respond to an IM, JIRA, or Tuesday to roll around. Not really an option for me.
The general work around is to try to login some place other than "My last location" or "My Home". This is most easily done by visiting the SL Destinations Page. Pick a place and try to login. You may still get an error message. Wait 45 seconds and try again some place else (see spam your way in, below). You may have to repeat this 2 or 3 times. Most people usually make it on this way. Some people have to hammer at it for over 30 minutes. But, there is a way to cut that down, I'll explain later.
Once online travel to where you think your ghost might be. You may have problems tp'ing there. If so, get a friend to go there and try to tp you in. Try to get into the region with your ghost. Walk in if you have to. Once in, do NOT log off, leave, tp or walk out of the region. The ghost avatar should clear in a few seconds of your arrival. You should be able to login to that location once the ghost is cleared. Some claim you have to walk through the ghost to scare it away. I think just being in the same region will do it. I suggest you tp out of the region and log off from some other region. This may be a problem of this particular region or SIM. So, log off from a different region.
Another recommend fix is to have someone in World IM you… or pay you L$1. Unless you have an SL friend that is also a RL friend, that might be a bit of trick. Otherwise, just create an alternate avatar and use it to send an IM or L$ to your other avatar.
When you make an alternate av it should friend the main av and allow it to map the av's position in SL. The main av should grant the alt the same privilege. It makes it handy for fixing various problems that can come up. However, some times a ghost avatar will not show its position on the map… but sometimes it will.
Once you get the 'can't log in' notice, clear it, and immediately try to login again. Keep repeating until you get in. For whatever reason the repeated login attempts seems to work. Doing a login attempt quickly helps. Some think the ghost is logged off periodically but actually logs itself back in. They believe you are trying to hit a login window available while the ghost off line. Whether that is true or not, repeated logins work for many.
For Miriam's method to work you need an Alt and to have your viewer set to allow multiple copies to run. In Debug settings is the setting AllowMultipleViewers, set it to true and restart the viewer. Type in all you login information so you can login with just one click. I suggest you also run the viewer in windowed mode rather than full screen. Now start a second copy of the viewer and login with your alternate.
Once your logged in start sending IM's to your ghosted avatar. They only need to be one or two characters long. You are looking for the answer 'User not online' to come back. As soon as you see it, flip to the other viewer and login. You should get right in. This should take less than 15 minutes. You can close the viewer running your Alt. Now visit the sim that has you ghost in it to clear it out. Once the ghost is gone your inventory will take a bit to load and then you are good to go. Stay in the region until you have inventory fully loaded. You can search inventory to speed it up.
Obviously, it is a good idea to allow your Alt's to be able to map you.
If you keep getting stuck, and it is the same region, file a JIRA ticket with as much information as possible. If you provide very little information, you give the tech's nothing to work with and they tend to ignore your ticket.
Once you know you have a repeating problem there are some things to do before you attempt to logoff.
Collect the Help->About info. Copy and paste that into a file on your desktop.
Next press Crtl-Shift-1 to open the stats panel. This is a toggle so pressing the keys again closes the panel. Write the ping time and packet loss values into the file.
Do an Internet connection speed test. The Lab tech's will be most interested in ping time (latency) and packet loss at the time of your log-off. So, get those values. A poor Internet connection contributes to the problem. By definition a wireless connection is considered a poor connection. But, if you have good numbers it means there is likely something wrong with the Lab's stuff.
When you next try to logon and hit the problem, you are ready to file a JIRA ticket that has a really good chance of being addressed.
Filing a ticket when a specific region repeats the problem is important. Repeatable problems are what the Lab needs to track down and fix the problem.
Update: 2011-01-26 – Maestro Linden has asked that people report stuck avatars in JIRA SVC-6193. Add your information. Only 18 votes, as of this update. Even if you skip the reporting, stop by and vote for the problem to be fixed.
Marigold Devin points out there is a JIRA feature request to add an avatar reset button. This may or may not be the best solution. But, it is the easy way to add your voice by voting for the button. You can vote without having to do all the reporting. See JIRA: SVC-6602. As of the date of the update, the JIRA has 103 votes, not very many.
Linden Lab will decide if they think a button is the answer or may compound the problem. The Lab has resistance to adding new controls, especially as a band-aid for a problem. Either way they are looking for a fix and your votes can change the priority they assign to the problem.
Poor Internet Connections, especially wireless connections are conducive to causing this problem. A party or combat sim that is lagging can cause the problem. A viewer crash, region hang, or restarting simulator can supposedly cause the problem. There is no information to suggest older or new viewers are more or less prone to the problem. Some people have this as a persistent problem. If you do, add your information to the JIRA: SVC-6193.
There are a number of problems that have gone on for years without a solution. Things seem to have gotten lax at the Lab over the years. The recent crack down and change in operating procedure on Phillip's return has resulted in much more positive and productive action.
All JIRA's are being reviewed, triaged, and listed in the appropriate team's backlog. Weekly and daily progress reports are filed on backlog progress. The Snowstorm Project is the most transparent example of the new process. The Server Beta is the next best example. Others are opening up and some are still hidden in the basement. But, there is hope.
Babbage Linden completed new memory debugging tools for SL software before leaving. These rolled out to the Server Release Candidate Channels last week. These tools should give the Lab's techs new insight to some problems they have fought with over the years. The SIM crossing and Mono script rez freeze problems may soon see a big improvement. Several fixes for parts of those problems are in the current release channels.
The plan is to stomp out every bug reported. They have a load of them. New features will add more. However, way more people are working on fixing bugs than working on new features. Plus testing of new features is much more rigorous and the new QA process has to be passed before features are rollout to the main grid.
We'll see if this is a new behavior for LL that sticks. If it does, we should see many of these problems disappearing and the overall SL experience improving.
This entry was posted in Second Life, Tips. Bookmark the permalink.
Thanks so much for posting this. I had no idea why I couldn't log on and was getting the message "Darn. You've been logged out of Second Life. The region may be experiencing errors." I have a premium account, so I accessed Second Life's Live Chat Support. What a freaking nightmare that was. They were worse than not helpful. Over the next three hours, I was disconnected from them 9 times, and had meaningless interaction with 5 different people — none of which had a clue as to what they were doing or asked me anything more probing than if I had a wireless connection. In fact while on hold with them, I found your site and fixed my own problem. The solution that worked for me? I logged onto Second Life using an alt, then sent my main avatar an IM. I quickly logged on with my main avatar and was actually able to get in. I even saw the ghost disappear. Thanks so much for posting this. I was on the verge of canceling my account and giving up on Second Life forever.
Thanks im so glad i found this info.. i was able to get online trying to find that 1 min window.. thanks so much again..


text:
← One Lump of Stupid or Two?
Both Sides Don't, Part Infinity
Jonathan Greenblatt, national director and CEO of the Anti-Defamation League, said it is astonishing and alarming that two of the nation's leading purveyors of antisemitism were "breaking bread with the erstwhile head of the GOP."
"I would characterize this as the normalization of antisemitism. It has now become part of the political process in a way we hadn't seen before," Greenblatt said. "And that is not unique to Republicans. It is not just a Republican problem. It is a societal problem."
— from Antisemitic celebrities stoke fears of normalizing hate
I'm not one to correct the ADL, but this is so egregious I have to say something: show your work, Mr. Greenblatt. This is a distinctly Republican problem. This is a conservative problem. Show me who on the Left is promoting anti-Semitic beliefs.
This entry was posted in Anti-Semitism, Both Sides. Bookmark the permalink.
8 Responses to Both Sides Don't, Part Infinity
The number of people on the left who espouse anti-semetic believes is likely so small as to be unobservable even with an electron microscope. But then, that wouldn't make for a very good #BothSides™ narrative, would it?
Nan Mykel says:
Greenblatt is probably much more informed about widespread social put-downs than we non-Jewish are, although admittedly thank goodness many of those don't show themselves at the voting booth. That's his job: being aware of every little (or not so little) hurt.
That's what I was thinking, too. To me, saying it's a societal problem isn't necessarily blaming those of us on the left, or Democrats (even though he's not not including us, either; I know.) He's just saying antisemitism's out there everywhere.
And it is. Around these parts, those people vote Republican whether they are or not. I guess that's what I'm hearing him saying.🤷♀☮
You guys are much more kind than I am.
If Greenblatt said that anti-semitism is a Republican problem for which we need a societal solution, I'd be right with you. But he didn't.
Joel Berger says:
The right will scream up and down about the Squad and the fact that they are lukewarm about supporting Israel's new fascist government. But that's not Jew hating and never was.
Sadly for the ADL, they have increasingly viewed any criticism of Israel as antisemitic.
I swear, they could start loading Palestinians into cattle cars for forced deportation to camps, and their response is "Compare us to Nazis??? That's beyone the pale! You clearly hate Jews!"
Green Eagle says:
Show someone on the left who is promoting anti-Semitic beliefs? I will show you millions: every single person who supports BDS, which falsely accuses Israel, the only democracy in the Middle East, of being an apartheid state, while utterly ignoring the fact that every single Arab country practices open apartheid, and many of them engage in ethnic cleansing too. Every one of these people who support a genocidal, terrorist government like Hamas, yet who attack Israel are engaged in unapologetic anti-Semitism; when you lie about the only tiny Jewish majority country in the world in order to attack it, while ignoring monstrous behavior in every surrounding country, that is anti-Semitism.