text:
Diversity 'a big challenge' for charity volunteering, finds NCVO report
A new report published by NCVO shows a lack of diversity among people formally volunteering with charities, which it says poses "a big challenge" for the sector.
The report, Getting Involved, gives an "overview of the different ways and activities in which people participate in society" including membership rates for bodies such as trade unions, religious groups and political affiliations.
Among people formally participating with charities, through either volunteering with an organisation, becoming a trustee or campaigning, NCVO's report shows there has been "minimal change in the demographics of who gets involved" over the last decade.
Formal volunteers 'well resourced and highly educated'
Those formally participating with charities are predominantly "people from well resourced and highly educated backgrounds". The report said the largest differences in terms of demographics concern "socio-economic status and education, with people in higher social grades and a higher level of education being more likely to get involved".
The report also suggests the sector needs to expand, or rely less heavily upon, what it calls the 'civic core'. This is a "relatively small proportion of the population" who are responsible for the bulk of volunteering, charitable giving and civic participation.
The report found the 'civil core' was made up of more than 50 per cent women, with a third of members having a degree or higher level of education and more than 50 per cent likely to earn a "higher salary". The report also found that over 40 per cent of the civic core practise a religion.
The report said: "While there is a huge diversity of activities, the picture is quite different when looking at who is involved. Levels and types of involvement vary according to demographics.
"The greatest disparities concern socio-economic status and education level: people in higher social grades and with a higher level of education are more likely to get involved in most activities. Likewise, people contributing a disproportionate amount of time – the 'civic core' – are drawn predominantly from the most prosperous, middle-aged and highly educated sections of the population."
Formal volunteering 'less inclusive'
The report also found that "formal activities" were "less inclusive" than non-formal activities. Differences in participation rates between higher and lower levels of education are smaller for "informal volunteering" than for formal volunteering. This figure was also found to be true for differences between social grades and ethnic groups, "suggesting that more formal activities present more barriers to getting involved".
The report also broke down volunteering rates by ethnic group. It found that, in 2015/16 one in five BME people had formally volunteered at least once in the last month, versus just over a quarter of white people. The gap was similar when looking at formal volunteering rates across the last 12 months.
It found however that rates of volunteering informally were broadly similar, with 61 per cent of BME respondents versus 60 per cent of white respondents.
The report also showed that 68 per cent of BME people had donated to a charity in the past month, versus 74 per cent of white people across the same time period.
Sector needs to innovate
Karl Wilding, director of public policy and volunteering at NCVO, said: "Organisations of all kinds will need to innovate in the sort of opportunities they offer in order to lift their levels of volunteering and to attract a more diverse range of people.
"Many organisations are already thinking about and doing this, and we should all try to learn from them.
"If we are to create a society able to address the diverse needs of all who live in it, we need to make sure that people from all walks of life are able to join in and work towards change."
Charity Commission publishes major report into trusteeship
Boards 'do not reflect the communities charities serve', warns Commission
Who sits on the typical trustee board?
13 Nov 2017 Voices
Reports & accounts 747
Trustees 330
Volunteering 162
Diversity and inclusion 118
Hugh Radojev


text:
How To Raise Glutathione Levels
After my husband and I learned about glutathione (GSH) the next logical question was how to raise glutathione levels, and most importantly how to do it safely, naturally and with long-term effect. What we learned has benefited our health and our family greatly. Wisdom comes from answers, and answers are only obtained by asking questions, so ask lots of questions. The better the question, the greater the wisdom gained from the answer. When you have found the answer to how to raise Glutathione, you will have gained some invaluable wisdom into how to live a healthier life.
People who are in good health can benefit from raising glutathione, too. These days we are exposed as never before to environmental toxins and newly emerging drug-resistant bacteria. When people lose healthcare benefits and disease prevention becomes urgent, it is essential to learn how to raise glutathione effectively. The more we learn how to raise glutathione and implement what we learn, the fewer visits we make to the doctor and the more control we take over our health.
It took time and a lot of questions before my husband and I both understood that glutathione was the hope and the answer that doctors could not give us. Once we realized this, it was time to find out how to raise glutathione levels. What we learned on our journey is presented on this page. So, let's get started.
Before you proceed with exploring all the options below, read our page Raising Glutathione: what does it mean exactly?
Substances promoting glutathione production can be divided into three categories: natural products, cofactors of glutathione production and pharmaceutical drugs.
HOW TO RAISE GLUTATHIONE WITH NATURAL PRODUCTS
Oral Glutathione - if our bodies depend on glutathione for so many important protective functions, what can be easier than eating it? But before you run to a health food store you should know that most of the research done with it shows that oral Glutathione breaks down and oxidizes in the digestive system and only some of it reaches the cells. One study showed an increase in plasma GSH after administering dietary glutathione to rats with chemically inhibited glutathione synthesis; however, no increase in liver was observed where it is most needed since liver is the largest and most important detoxifying organ.
Before 2013 all studies with oral glutathione showed that the bioavailability (usefulness) of this supplement is very low, and in this form it cannot seriously affect immune health.
Read the abstracts of the older studies confirming ineffectiveness of raising Glutathione with oral or dietary GSH.
In a more recent 2011 study "Effects of oral glutathione supplementation on systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in human volunteers" published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine researchers from Bastyr University Research Institute, Kenmore, WA, examined the effect of oral glutathione supplementation on biomarkers of systemic oxidative stress in 40 healthy adult volunteers. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. There were no differences in oxidative stress biomarkers between treatment groups at baseline. One group of volunteers took 500 mg of oral glutathione supplement twice daily for 4 weeks, another group received placebo. At the end of the study total reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and the ratio of GSH to GSSG (indicator of oxidative stress) remained unchanged in both groups compared to the results obtained before supplementation. It was concluded that no significant changes were observed in biomarkers of oxidative stress, including glutathione status, in this clinical trial of oral glutathione supplementation in healthy adults.
UPDATE on oral GSH: The latest study published in 2013 with 54 healthy adults registered for the first time a 30-35% increase in GSH levels after 6 months of supplementing with oral glutathione at 1,000mg/day - the same dose as what was used in the 2011 study above, only for a longer period of time. The GSH levels returned back to baseline one month after the end of the trial ("Enhanced Glutathione Levels in Blood and Buccal Cells by Oral Glutathione Supplementation".Richie JP, Nichenametla S et al. The FASEB Journal. April 2013;27:862.32). These new results with oral GSH do sound interesting, however one of the concerns is that people with health issues that require immediate attention cannot wait six months for their glutathione levels to go up. And will the oral GSH brands other than the one used in this isolated study (Setria) produce the same results?
More human trials with oral glutathione are needed to duplicate these results and completely resolve the controversy surrounding this form of glutathione supplementation.
For more details on oral GSH, additional comments on this latest 2013 study and further updates on the oral glutathione research visit our page Oral Glutathione.
Additional information on the safety of oral glutathione - Glutathione Side Effects.
Liposomal (lipoceutical) glutathione – this form of oral glutathione differs from GSH in pill form. In this case GSH molecule is encapsulated in water inside a fat ball that is so small that it cannot be seen with a naked eye. The digestive system is "tricked" into interpreting it as a fat cell and does not digest and break it down as it would do with GSH pills, thus allowing it to enter the bloodstream. There are studies on cell culture (in a tube) and rodents proving that liposomal glutathione is in fact effective in maintaining GSH levels under the conditions of exposure to dangerous toxins or induced disease. Cell culture studies cannot be applied to human physiology, and rodents also absorb oral GSH pills quite well. One study on humans - with autistic children - showed that the oral liposomal group (compared to the transdermal group) exhibited increases in plasma reduced glutathione, but not whole-blood glutathione levels following supplementation; both groups also showed increases in plasma sulfate and cysteine which was attributed to the actual breakdown of glutathione (A clinical trial of glutathione supplementation in autism spectrum disorders. Kern JK et al. Med Sci Monit. 2011 Dec;17(12):CR677-82). Another problem with this method of raising GSH is determining which brand will work since they all lack specific human trials and base advertising on general tube/rodent research only. Secondly, liposomes degrade quickly, within a few months of the date of manufacture. A product that has not been made a couple of weeks prior to the purchase may not be effective. And lastly, liposomes are usually made out of soy lecithin raising the question of safety since almost all soy is GMO nowadays, and also there may be an allergy concern for some people. One of the brands I am aware of that uses sunflower lecithin instead of soy and claims to be non-GMO is Optimal Liposomal Glutathione by Seeking Health /affiliate link/. If you're planning to give liposomal GSH a try I would recommend this brand.
Foods - Cyanohydroxybutene and sulforaphane, phytochemicals found in broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and cabbage, and chrolophyll in parsley contribute to raising glutathione levels. Some spices - for instance, turmeric, cinnamon and cardamom - have compounds that can assist in restoring healthy levels of GSH and boost the activity of GSH enzymes. Beets have been shown to positively affect the activity of GSH enzymes as well. However, research on these phytochemical compounds' role in glutathione production is limited to animal studies and cell culture studies. Glutathione molecule is present in fruit, vegetables and meats. But most of the dietary glutathione, just like oral glutathione supplements, gets broken down in the digestive tract and cannot effectively raise cellular glutathione levels. Although including foods with high glutathione content into your diet is of course beneficial. For more information about foods with glutathione visit our page Glutathione Foods. For more information on broccoli phytochemicals visit our page Health Benefits of Broccoli.
Methionine – an essential amino acid present in many foods and required for production of cysteine which is one of the three building blocks for glutathione. Methionine is available from health food stores, too. Of great concern is the fact that methionine is also a precursor of homocysteine identified as a high risk factor in atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries).
Lipoic acid (alpha lipoic acid) - a disulfide compound with several functions: it acts as an antioxidant, it neutralizes several toxins including heavy metals lead and cadmium, it acts as a co-enzyme for recycling other antioxidants including glutathione and also vitamins C and E. Lipoic acid is produced in the body but also available as a supplement. It plays an important role in converting glutathione back and forth from its oxidized form to its reduced or non-oxidized form (GSH). This ability of lipoic acid to enhance glutathione function leads to improved levels of GSH in cases of Glutathione deficiencies – most known diseases show glutathione deficiencies especially in their chronic state. Recommended dosages of supplemental lipoic acid are 100 to 200 mg/day.
Glutamine - free amino acid found in the body in abundance. It is common in blood, muscles and the brain. Glutamine is very closely related to glutamic acid (glutamate) – second most important Glutathione precursor after cysteine. Glutamine and glutamate have the ability to metabolize into one another which means glutamine supplies the body with glutamate – that is an important function. The studies have shown that when taken orally or intravenously glutamine raises glutathione concentrations. Glutamine is crucial to the metabolism and maintenance of muscles. It serves as a primary nutrient for the cells of the GI tract lining; supports liver metabolism and function; can boost the immune system – all due to its ability to promote Glutathione production. One study led by Dr. Rouse of University of Arkansas showed that glutamine as a supplement was able to lower glutathione levels in tumors making them more susceptible to chemotherapy while raising glutathione in healthy cells making them more resistant to such harsh cancer treatments. Glutamine is abundant in plants and meats but gets easily destroyed by cooking. Good sources are fresh parsley, spinach and sushi with uncooked fish (make sure the restaurant is reputable and serves quality fish). Glutamine supplements vary in dosages from 500 mg to 5,000 mg. They come in pill or powder form, and are often labeled "L-glutamine". Supplemental glutamine can lead to gastrointestinal side effects. Elderly and patients with kidney and liver diseases should be very cautious when taking this supplement. Supplemental glutamine can also become excitotoxic if converted to MSG in the body. The use of supplemental glutamine, especially long-term, should be monitored by a doctor.
Melatonin – a hormone known to regulate sleep and waking cycles, produced by the pineal gland in the brain. Melatonin is released into the blood at night time and its production is affected greatly by light. Melatonin is also a powerful antioxidant and plays a role in stimulating other antioxidants as well. Melatonin has been shown to effectively raise GSH levels in many tissues including those of the brain, liver, muscle and blood serum. The only known viable natural source of melatonin is sour (tart) cherries, especially the Montmorency variety, which contain substantial amounts of melatonin, enough to produce a positive effect in the body and without any side effects unlike the synthetic form sold as pills or tablets.
Milk Thistle - a plant used by herbalists for many centuries to treat various liver disorders as it seems to stimulate the growth and regeneration of injured liver cells. The active component of milk thistle called silymarin prevents lipid peroxidation of GSH and maintains its levels. Recommended dosages vary quite a bit from 50 to 500 milligrams three times a day. Toxic reactions can develop with overdose: cramps, gas and diarrhea. Milk thistle should not be used without a professional medical advice.
Cysteine - an amino acid that is required for the production of Glutathione directly in the cells - that's where Glutathione is most needed and produced by the body itself. Cysteine is usually the limiting factor in the production of Glutathione because of its shortages. Cysteine can be found at health food stores as a supplement but consumed this way it can promote hypercysteinemia (homocysteinemia) and potential toxicity. It is also present in many fruits, vegetables, meats and eggs bonded with other amino acids to form proteins, however, it gets destroyed by cooking. Most cysteine from raw produce does not survive the trip from the stomach to cells either. The cysteine that does survive is quickly eaten up by the bacteria in our intestinal tract - all living organisms use cysteine, so it is useful in that it helps our flora to stay healthy.
MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) - this naturally occurring compound is a donor of organic sulfur, a non-metal mineral present in all our cells and essential to life. Most of the sulfur in human bodies is in the form of sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine; however, MSM acts as a source of additional sulfur for numerous processes in the body and plays an important role in sulfur metabolism. Sulfur is needed for manufacturing of alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin B1, both are important glutathione cofactors. MSM has been shown to promote the synthesis of glutathione and to upregulate the activity of glutathione enzymes in the presence of elevated oxidative stress in animal studies. One human trial showed considerably higher plasma glutathione levels in MSM supplemented group after strenuous exercise.
Raw milk (raw dairy) - this option of how to raise Glutathione belongs in the food category. But the uniqueness of this food deserves special attention. Raw milk whey contains powerful Glutathione precursors - lactoferrin, beta-lactalbumin and serum albumin. They are very easily denatured by heat and mechanical stress during pasteurization and homogenization of milk. After digestion the products of these compounds' breakdown pass readily into the bloodstream, serving as cysteine and cysteine delivery systems, thus enabling cysteine to get into the cells for Glutathione production. This is how our ancestors used to get their cysteine from diet before pasteurization became mandatory. How to raise Glutathione with raw milk? There are three problems: first, you have to have free access to a raw dairy farm; second, you have to be sure the farm delivers safe raw milk free of pathogens; third, to raise Glutathione levels noticeably you will have to drink at least 2 gallons of raw milk a day which is impossible to do. But adding raw milk to the diet is still a good idea: you do get some bioavailable cysteine this way, just not in sufficient quantities. Raw milk is also a very good food source of MSM (methylsulfonylmethane).
Find a raw milk dairy in your area.
Undenatured whey proteins - not all whey proteins are made in the same way. Whey proteins that are manufactured from raw milk using the process of cold filtration and segmentation (removal from other agents in milk) leave the final product undenatured or unaltered. As a result, a cysteine molecule is actually double bonded with another cysteine molecule and is now called cystine (note the difference in spelling). Cystine in this manner is resistant to stomach acid breakdown and freely flows across the intestinal wall into the blood. Cystine enters the cells and separates into two cysteine molecules - exactly where we want it to be. Another molecule present exclusively in raw milk and in undenatured whey protein is glutamylcysteine which is glutamate and cysteine already joined together - the first step in the formation of a glutathione molecule. High quality undenatured whey proteins preserve the original bioactivity of cysteine and glutamylcysteine guaranteeing the highest level of glutathione promoting activity. This has been our preferred method of providing glutathione precursors and improving glutathione levels. Check out our Undenatured Whey Protein Comparison.
Colostrum – is the liquid secreted by the milk glands of all mammals just before giving birth and during the first hours (up to one day) after giving birth before milk comes in. Out of the group of bonded cysteine and glutamylcysteine rich proteins found in whey (alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, serum albumin, lactoferrin and immunoglobulins) colostrum contains only lactoferrin and immunoglobulins. There are neither animal nor human trials proving specifically that colostrum raises glutathione levels at a certain established dose. Polypeptides derived from colostrum (but not colostrum itself) have been shown to improve glutathione metabolism in isolated cells (test tube studies) via modulation of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), slow down aging in animals, and show some stabilizing effect in Alzheimer's patients (Colostrinin: an oxidative stress modulator for prevention and treatment of age-related disorders. Boldogh I, Kruzel ML. J Alzheimers Dis. 2008 Apr;13(3):303-21.). While colostrum does not optimize glutathione levels significantly it can be of benefit due to its many other health promoting substances that stimulate the activation of the immune system and prevent its overreaction, prevent attachment of microorganisms to the lining of the GI tract, participate in the regeneration of various types of tissues, assist in the absorption of vitamins and minerals, etc. These substances are divided into several categories: immuno-regulating substances, gut protecting substances, the growth factors and the metabolic factors. High quality low-heat processed colostrum that preserves fragile proteins may be a useful accompanying supplement in a GSH raising protocol.
HOW TO RAISE GLUTATHIONE WITH COFACTORS
Vitamins - in one trial, blood GSH levels rose nearly 50% in healthy people taking 500 mg of vitamin C per day for only two weeks. Vitamin C raises Glutathione by helping the body manufacture it.
Vitamin E acts in a similar way as vitamin C - it recycles Glutathione and depends on it for proper function and recycling as well.
Vitamins B6, B12, B1 and B2 are also required in the synthesis of Glutathione. B1 and B2 maintain Glutathione and its related enzymes in their active forms. B2 helps combine amino acids into proteins, and Glutathione is one of them. B6 is crucial for the metabolism and proper function of many amino acids, for example, for converting homocysteine into cysteine. B12 acts as a coenzyme in the production and regulation of red blood cells.
Folate or folic acid (known as B9) - its role as Glutathione booster lies in folate's ability to divert cysteine preferentially towards Glutathione production rather than homocysteine production, thus helping supply the cells with more cysteine for building intracellular Glutathione. Maximum recommended dosage of folate is 400 mcg/day. Best dietary sources are spinach, turnip greens, lettuce, dried beans and peas, sunflower seeds, peanuts, avocado, asparagus, fortified pastas and cereals. When cooking veggies they should be steamed instead of boiled – less folate leaches into the water this way.
Selenium - the trace element that functions as an antioxidant. It also participates in protein synthesis and other metabolic processes and acts together with other antioxidants, especially vitamin E. Selenium elevates the levels of glutathione peroxidase; the cysteine molecule appearing in the process of digestion of plants grown in selenium-rich soil contributes to GSH production. Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) for adults is 55 mcg. Best dietary sources are Brazil nuts, sunflower seeds, oatmeal, tuna, turkey, chicken breast, beef, eggs and brown rice.
Magnesium - magnesium is necessary for proper functioning of enzyme gamma glutamyl transpeptidase which is important in the synthesis of Glutathione. RDI is 400 mg, but optimum daily intake is considered at 490- 700 mg. Best dietary sources are halibut, spinach, squash, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, toasted sesame seeds, beans, walnuts, almonds, peanuts and Brazil nuts.
Zinc - zinc deficiency leads to low concentrations of reduced (non-oxidized) Glutathione, especially in red blood cells. This is detrimental to Glutathione metabolism. However, high levels of zinc may reduce Glutathione because zinc has a certain toxicity. RDI for adults is 8-11 mg. Best dietary sources are oysters, beef shanks, chicken legs, pork shoulder and tenderloin, and Alaskan King crab. Zinc from beans, legumes and grains has very low bioavailability compared to meat sources.
Vanadium - this element depends on Glutathione to stay in non-oxidized state and to increase vanadium's bioavailability. It may recycle Glutathione under certain conditions. Vanadium is not considered a crucial cofactor and at high levels it may even deplete glutathione due to its toxicity. Vanadium's role in health has not been studied very well, so there is no RDA established. Average diet provides 6-18 mcg a day. Safe upper limit is 1.8 mg (1,800 mcg). Dietary sources are: mushrooms, shellfish, dill, parsley and black pepper.
Adequate amounts of vitamins C, E, B1, B2, B6, B12, folate, selenium, magnesium and zinc, either from diet or with additional supplementation, are necessary for raising Glutathione levels.
HOW TO RAISE GLUTATHIONE WITH DRUGS
Intravenous (IV) glutathione – this method of glutathione administration belongs in the drugs category because it is a pharmaceutical formulation and can be administered only at a hospital, clinic or a doctor's office. This method is reserved exclusively for the cases of severe glutathione deficiency, such as during cancer treatments, HIV/AIDS treatments, in deficiencies arising from a person's inability to efficiently produce glutathione on his/her own due to genetic mutations, or other causes. Glutathione IV has an extremely short half-life in bloodstream – only an average of 14 minutes. Degradation of IV glutathione administered at a dose of 2,000 mg (2 g) does lead to the accumulation of cysteine that becomes available to cells. At the same time urinary excretion of glutathione and cysteine increase 300- and 10-fold respectively 90 minutes after administration. (High-dose intravenous glutathione in man. Pharmacokinetics and effects on cyst(e)ine in plasma and urine. Aebi S, Assereto R et al. Eur J Clin Invest. 1991 Feb;21(1):103-10). Depending on the medical condition, IVs need to be administered regularly - daily or weekly.
NAC – N-acetyl-cysteine - is a potent glutathione precursor that is the most commonly used GSH boosting agent in studies on both animals and humans because it is readily available, cheap and acts fast. It has been available as a drug (Mucomist, Parvolex etc.) and also can be found on the shelves of health food stores marketed as a glutathione booster.
Some people taking NAC report rash, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, cramps and diarrhea. NAC is also widely used in hospital emergency rooms, usually intravenously, on patients suffering from severe acetaminophen toxicity due to Tylenol overdose in order to quickly spike their glutathione levels and save their lives. These measures often lead to above-mentioned side effects, sometimes resulting in death from complications if there are underlying health conditions such as asthma.
Also, raising GSH levels with NAC has only temporary effect lasting mere hours which requires taking it often to maintain glutathione throughout the day which is hard on the body. With NAC the rapidly increased glutathione levels often drop below the normal levels.
A recent randomized and placebo-controlled study (2013) linked NAC supplements with hindered muscle performance and increased recovery time for several days after athletic exercise (Thiol-based antioxidant supplementation alters human skeletal muscle signaling and attenuates its inflammatory response and recovery after intense eccentric exercise. Michailidis Y. et al. Am. J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jul;98(1):233-45. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.049163. Epub 2013 May 29.).
SAMe – S-adenosyl-methionine - is a form of methionine already partially converted into cysteine, it can be useful in the treatment of cirrhosis and cholestasis and is a popular mood stabilizing medication. Although available as a supplement in the US, SAMe is a drug and cannot be used as a safe and natural method of raising glutathione.
OTC & OTZ – these are synthetic cysteine delivery systems. These drugs are not readily available to doctors or the general public.
HOW TO RAISE GLUTATHIONE BY NOT DEPLETING IT
Glutathione is depleted by a very large number of substances. Some can be avoided, some cannot. Understanding what depletes Glutathione and reducing your exposure to these "offenders" makes your efforts in raising Glutathione levels more effective.
Knowing how to raise Glutathione is very important, but it is also wise to know what depletes Glutathione.
HOW TO RAISE GLUTATHIONE: CONCLUSIONS
Some of the most important points of this research are:
Elevated levels of glutathione promote long healthy lives that are more resistant to diseases. All clinical studies reviewed showed that raising glutathione to its optimal levels is of great benefit to the human body.
While there are many options of how to raise Glutathione, the most natural and effective, with hardly any side effects, appear to be undenatured whey proteins, melatonin in its natural state in tart cherry concentrate, alpha lipoic acid, milk thistle and MSM.
Quality undenatured whey proteins supply cysteine - the most essential of the three glutathione precursors; while natural melatonin (tart cherry), alpha lipoic acid, MSM and milk thistle act more as enhancers of glutathione synthesis and function.
Glutamine can be converted into glutamate, the second most important glutathione precursor, and thus it plays a significant role in glutathione metabolism.
High quality undenatured colostrum may be a beneficial accompanying supplement in a GSH raising protocol
All cofactors of glutathione production (vitamins C and E, B1, B2, B6, B12, folate (B9), selenium, magnesium and zinc) are necessary in sufficient quantities. Their deficiencies are detrimental to glutathione metabolism.
It is just as important to know how not to deplete glutathione as it is to know how to raise glutathione.
Hopefully, you now have some answers to the question of how to raise glutathione. Specifically, you should have some answers on how to raise glutathione levels with natural products, with cofactors and with drugs, and also pros and cons of each of these options. You should have also gained some wisdom concerning how to raise glutathione, and wisdom is more valuable than gold.
In addition, watch this short 9-minute video with Dr. Mark Hyman, a practicing physician and New York Times bestselling book author, explaining the importance of keeping your glutathione up and more tips on the ways to raise glutathione:
What is glutathione deficiency?
Cysteine - most important of three Glutathione precursors
Facts About Vitamins
What are other ways to boost your immune system in addition to raising Glutathione?
What foods help boost immune system?
Return to Top of How To Raise Glutathione
Return to Glutathione

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Bird droppings provide clues to environmental change
January 23, 2020 Research News
Queen's University researchers John Smol and Matthew Duda have identified concerning trends in a vulnerable seabird.
Led by Queen's researchers, a collaborative research team of Canadian universities (Queen's University, University of Ottawa, Memorial University of Newfoundland) and government scientists have identified concerning trends in the population size of Leach's Storm-petrels, a vulnerable seabird that mainly lives on Baccalieu Island, 64 km north of St. John's, Nfld.
The study led by Matthew Duda, and co-authored by John Smol, suggests that marine wildlife, including the Leach's storm-petrel, are not only confronting a range of recent human-induced pressures, but are also responding to longer-term environmental factors.
A sediment core collected from Baccalieu Island. (Photo by Matthew Duda)
"The seabirds act as 'environmental engineers' by depositing large volumes of nutrient-rich feces and other refuse, thereby changing the aquatic and terrestrial landscape," says Dr. Smol, a biology professor and the Canada Research Chair in Environmental Change at Queen's University. "By taking sediment cores from storm-petrel impacted ponds, we can reconstruct past population trends going back centuries or millennia, where many important clues lay hidden."
The researchers took advantage of the fact that storm-petrels build burrow nests on islands, often around freshwater ponds. Therefore, the ponds' sediments preserve the effects of changes in the amounts of seabird fecal matter and provide a 'history book' of past changes in the environment.
Using a variety of biological and chemical indicators in dated sediment cores, the researchers could track changes in seabird populations going back more than 1,700 years.
Ongoing observations indicate that the seabird population has been declining in recent decades, but that striking changes have also occurred in the past, prior to human impacts.
"Our approach identified striking changes in the colony size of storm-petrels on Baccalieu Island," says Matthew Duda, Queen's University doctoral candidate in the Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL). "First, we confirmed that the population has been declining since the 1980s. More surprisingly, however, we determined that the current colony underwent marked changes in the past, including rapid growth in the early-1800s. Furthermore, we identified an earlier colony about 1,500 years ago that declined without the influence of human stressors. So now in response to the ever-increasing pressure imposed by human activity, the situation is likely even more risky for this important oceanic bird."
The authors caution that their paleoecological data further reinforce the fragility of seabird colonies and the critical need for evidence-based management.
The research was published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
Tagged Biology
Previous Previous post: A network of research excellence
Next Next post: Inspiring budding researchers


Read honest unbiased product reviews from our the latest drivers for Windows XP 8 & Vista Access to 20+ million device- associated drivers. The quicker you get DriverTuner™, the sooner your driver troubles will be gone! Buy Windows 7 with SP1 ( Digital License & 32/ 64- Bit Both OS) from $ 50 to $ 99 USD California, Home Premium - $ 57, Shop & order Windows 7 Home - $ 49, Windows 7 Ultimate - $ 79 & Windows 7 Enterprise - $ 99 tel was founded in Mountain View, Windows 7 Professional ( Pro) - $ 71 in 1968 by Gordon E. ) According to the company website the name Asus originates from Pegasus the winged horse of Greek mythology. 4 GHz 12GB DDR3L- SDRAM, 1TB HDD Windows 10 Home 64- bit) at. Identify your products get driver software updates for your Intel hardware. Free download single archive. Only the last four letters of the word were used in order to give the name a.
Download drivers for Windows 7 / Windows 8 ( 64- bit). Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. 6" Touch Screen Laptop Intel Core i5 8GB Memory 750GB Hard Drive Satin Gold. HP ProBook 4440s Notebook PC Windows 7 Professional ( 32- bit) drivers BIOSHP Notebook System BIOS Update F.
Moore ( of " Moore' s law" fame) Robert Noyce co- inventor of the integrated circuit. The ultimate modular Video Interface Platform ( VIP) for high performance, energy- efficient embedded video imaging processing applications.
The Solution: Modded INF File [ Updated October 29, ]. The company is usually referred to as " Asus" literally " Eminence of/ by the Chinese", Huáshuò in Chinese ( traditional Chinese: 華碩; simplified Chinese: 华硕 where " Hua" ( 華) refers to China. 0Driver - AudioIDT High. Excellent Ability to Fix Driver Issues Are you annoyed with missing outdated corrupted drivers?
Intel management engine interface driver windows 7 32 bit toshiba. 1 and the ASMedia USB 3. DriverTuner™ can help you fix driver issues to keep your PC in a healthy state in just a few minutes!
Please be sure to update FW. Intel management engine interface driver windows 7 32 bit toshiba. 1 Windows 10 Drivers, Software Updates.
These drivers will be used for Windows® 10 Windows* Server will replace the existing drivers. Enter your model information or SKU for information about your tebook HP ProBook 4540s.
Lenovo Thinkpad X270 drivers download for Windows 10 64bit Windows 8. To download the proper driver then find your device name , first choose your operating system click the download button.
Featuring dual camera input ECP5 processor board , CrossLink bridging FPGA HDMI output. All you need to do is to download the right INF depending on your Windows architecture edition ( i. Pieter Schaar of has patched the display INF file out of the original Nvidia GPU driver INF file.
Sep 21 Acer, advice for Microsoft Windows 7 Computers such as Dell, · Windows 7 Forums is the largest help , Asus , providing friendly help , HP, support community a custom build. Each sale included a brand new license with genuine software and download directly from Microsoft source. 1 64bit Windows 7 bit- Spec Lenovo Thinkpad X270 : Processor : Intel Core i5- 7200U 2. 1, we don' t recommend replacing the in- box Windows USB 3.
Toshiba Corporation ( 株式会社東芝 power systems, communications equipment , industrial , Kabushiki- gaisha Tōshiba, social infrastructure Lenovo G40- 80 Notebook Windows 7, systems, services include information technology , English: / t ə ˈ ʃ iː b ə, materials, electronic components Windows 8. 0 stack with the Intel Windows 7 stack, as described in this post. Technical specifications review price. This FW update aims to prevent the phenomenon in which a host does not recognize SSD.
6 Inch Laptop ( Intel Core i7- 5500U 2. This page contains the list of device drivers for Toshiba SATELLITE C660. Intel management engine interface driver windows 7 32 bit toshiba. HP Pavilion dv7- 6c90us Drivers for Windows 7 ( 32- bit* & 64- bit* * ) : * Most of these drivers are compatible with Windows 7 32- bit editions ( even if they are listed as 64- bit only). Buy Windows 7 with SP1 ( Digital License & 32/ 64- Bit Both OS) from $ 50 to $ 99 USD Home Premium - $ 57, Windows 7 Professional ( Pro) - $ 71, Shop & order Windows 7 Home - $ 49 Windows 7 Ultimate - $ 79 & Windows 7 Enterprise - $ 99 USD. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Toshiba Satellite S55- C5274 15.
5 inch 16: 9, 1920× 1080 pixel 176 tel® will be supplying Windows DCH Drivers for its products beginning in November. Intel management engine interface driver windows 7 32 bit toshiba. 01Diagnostic - ToolsHP Unified Extensible Firmware Interface ( UEFI) Support Environment 4. Toshiba Satellite Radius 2- in- 1 15.
Related Software and Drivers: HP Pavilion g7- 2240us Drivers Windows 8. Automatically update your drivers. TheINQUIRER publishes daily news devices, INQdepth articles for tech buffs , reviews on the latest gadgets hobbyists. Update 3/ 5/ : See our related post: Windows 8.
5 GHz VGA : Intel HD Graphics 620, MEM : 8192 MB DDR4- 2400, single- channel Display :. 1 x64 ( 64- bit) Dell InspironWindows 10 x64 Drivers ( 64- bit) HP ENVY 15- 3040nr Drivers Windows 8 x64 ( 64- bit). Important: This firmware update aims to address critical bugs improve the reliability performance of your SSD.
32 bit 64 bit) copy it at the same folder your non- working Nvidia display driver had previously extracted ( e. 5 GHz MEM : 8192 MB DDR4- 2400, single- channel, VGA : Intel HD Graphics 620 Display : 12. 1 Host Controller Important Notice: As of Windows 8.
Related Software and Drivers: HP Pavilion g7- 2240us Drivers Windows 8. 1 x64 ( 64- bit) Dell InspironWindows 10 x64 Drivers ( 64- bit) HP ENVY 15- 3040nr Drivers Windows 8 x64 ( 64- bit). This page contains the list of device drivers for Toshiba SATELLITE C660.
To download the proper driver, first choose your operating system, then find your device name and click the download button. Windows 7 ( 32- bit) Drivers, Applications, Manual / User Guides and BIOS for Dell Inspiron: Drivers: Realtek ALC3223 High- Definition ( HD) Audio Driver Version 6. 7161, A00Dell Inspi.
HP ProBook 4440s Notebook PC Windows 7 Professional ( 32- bit) drivers BIOSHP Notebook System BIOS Update F. 01Diagnostic - ToolsHP Unified Extensible Firmware Interface ( UEFI) Support Environment 4.


Commenters noted that the monitoring of health care coverage and.
State (NYS) Office of Mental Health (OMH), Office of Alcoholism and …..
9999. 100. 51.61. J0130. Fee on File. INJECTION ABCIXIMAB, 10 MG. 0.
for the care and treatment of acne vulgaris are available at:.
tell you what your current plan's premiums and benefits will for 2019.
the Aging, Long Term Care Ombudsman, ….. Fidelis Care information. 1:30 pm.
Retention Group (EPIX. RRG). 12679 … Fidelis Insurance Bermuda Limited.
61557 … Health Care Industry Liability Reciprocal Insurance Company, RRG.
letters if you …. Virgo Fidelis Convent Senior School (girls 11-19).
on August 19, 2019 with 104 students: 52 in kindergarten and 52 in first grade.
provider to arrange for these services …… after school, child care, and.
of the effective date. …. Fidelis Insurance Bermuda Limited. 2.500.


JimL sez, "Originally published in the July 1922 edition of FLAPPER magazine, this dictionary went into some detail, listing the group's slang and providing definitions. In the process, it also provided an insight: through the slang we can begin to discern attitudes and priorities and the mindset of the adherents. And the adherents, after all, were our grandmothers and great-grandmothers. Who knew?"
Absent Treatment--Dancing with a bashful partner.
Apple Knocker--A hick; a hay-shaker.
Barlow--A girl, a flapper, a chicken.
Bank's Closed--No petting allowed; no kisses.
Bell Polisher--A young man addicted to lingering in vestibules at 1 a.m.
Bean Picker--One who patches up trouble and picks up spilled beans.
Berry Patch--A man's particular interest in a girl.
Big Timer--(n. masc.)--A charmer able to convince his sweetie that a jollier thing would be to get a snack in an armchair lunchroom; a romantic.


text:
Independent Bookshop, Hastings, UK
Tag: Greta Thunberg
The story of Greta Thunberg, the schoolgirl who inspired a worldwide climate change movement. It's 20 August 2018, late summer in Stockholm, and it feels incredibly hot in the city. The TV news reports rising temperatures, and there have been numerous fires throughout Sweden. Fifteen-year-old Greta Thunberg decides she can't wait any longer: politicians have to do something to save the environment. Instead of returning to school, Greta takes a placard and goes on strike in front of Sweden's parliament building. Greta's protest began the Fridays for Future – or School Strike 4 Climate – movement, which millions have now joined around the world.
Greta has spoken at COP24, the UN summit on climate change, and has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. … More
childrens book, climate change, environment, Greta Thunberg, Valentina Camerini, Veronica Carratello
The history-making, ground-breaking speeches of Greta Thunberg, the young activist who has become the voice of a generation, 'Everything needs to change. And it has to start today'. In August 2018 a fifteen-year-old Swedish girl, Greta Thunberg, decided not to go to school one day. Her actions ended up sparking a global movement for action against the climate crisis, inspiring millions of pupils to go on strike for our planet, forcing governments to listen, and earning her a Nobel Peace Prize nomination.
This book brings you Greta in her own words, for the first time. Collecting her speeches that have made history … More
climate change, current affairs, environment, Extinction Rebellion, Greta Thunberg, protest


When folks pan the Affordable Care Act for being nearly 3,000 pages long, here's a sensible response: It could have been done in a page and a half if it simply declared that Medicare would cover everyone.
The concept of Medicare for All was pushed by a few lonely liberals. And it would have been, ironically, the most conservative approach to bringing down health care costs while maintaining quality.
Medicare bringing down health care costs? "Ha, ha, ha," says the program's foes, citing the spending projections for the government health plan serving older Americans.
Unfortunately, the critics confuse spending levels with costs. Total Medicare spending is bound to rise as more older Americans live longer.
Sure, you can curb that increase through a voucher system limiting how much taxpayers will subsidize each beneficiary. But that's not the same as curbing the cost of treating a heart attack or cancer. Without Medicare's cost controls, the size of the bill for each course of care would be larger. Which is exactly what the medical-industrial complex wants.
A Time magazine piece by Steven Brill is must-reading on this subject. For all the waste and perverse incentives in Medicare, the federal program remains an oasis of cost-control in a desert of price-gouging by medical institutions, many parading around as "nonprofits."
How did the bill get that high? Shameless overcharging. For example, the hospital charged Recchi $283 to have a simple chest X-ray for which Medicare would have paid $20.44. Recchi was billed more than $15,000 for blood and other lab tests. Medicare would have paid only a few hundred for the same thing.
"Why does simple lab work done during a few days in a hospital cost more than a car?" Brill asks rhetorically.
Recchi was charged $13,702 for a round of the cancer drug Rituxan. Researching how much hospitals pay for Rituxan, Brill estimated that Anderson had marked up the price 400 percent. And so on.
Janice S., age 64, felt chest pains and took herself to Stamford Hospital in Connecticut. While there, she was given three troponin tests to measure proteins in the blood. She was charged $199.50 for each troponin test. Had she been a year older and on Medicare, the hospital would have been paid only $13.94 for each test. The heart-attack false alarm ended up costing her $21,000.
Where does all this money end up? In the pockets of hospital administrators, doctors and makers of equipment and drugs on which the medical profession can multiply the markups.
Hospitals gripe that they lose money on Medicare patients, but that isn't true. As Jonathan Blum, deputy administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, told Brill: "Central Florida is overflowing with Medicare patients, and all those hospitals are expanding and advertising for Medicare patients. So you can't tell me they're losing money."
Many Republicans and some Democrats want to cut Medicare spending by raising the eligibility age. That makes minus-zero sense. If anything, the age should be lowered.
This is not to say that Medicare doesn't waste money. Under current rules, for example, it must cover treatments that work, even when another, cheaper means of care does just as good a job.


text:
Articles by Day: April 10, 2020
2020 > April > 10
Young Audiences Produces Curriculum-based TV Show To Support Baltimore Students' Remote Learning
Arts Integration Episodes Will Air Weekly Through Partnership with
BALTIMORE – Young Audiences of Maryland, the Baltimore-based nonprofit delivering arts-integrated learning to Maryland students, is partnering with Baltimore City Public Schools to produce Arts & Learning Kids, a weekly series of TV broadcasts bringing engaging, arts-integrated classroom lessons directly into the homes of students and families while schools are closed.
The Arts & Learning Kids series launches Saturday, April 11 at 10:15am on the City Schools' Channel 77 and will air every weekend. Multiple curriculum-aligned episodes will be tailored to three grade bands: pre-k/kindergarten, 1st-2nd grade, and 3rd-5th grade. Baltimore City Public Schools is using Channel 77 to deliver educational content to support students and families during school closures. Click here to view the full schedule of programming.
Young Audiences will create new 30-minute episodes every week for all grade bands, starting with four Arts & Learning Kids programs that support Baltimore City Public Schools' Wit & Wisdom literacy curriculum and Eureka Math curriculum. Each episode will feature a Young Audiences teaching artist and an educator. For example, one episode shows songwriter Mary Fields working with teacher Kevin Older to write song lyrics that help them solve a word problem. In another episode, dancer Valerie Branch partners with educator Kristina Berdan to create choreography connected to the character traits of important civil rights leaders like Ruby Bridges.
The Arts & Learning Kids videos will offer modified versions of the teaching artists' classroom activities, tailored for students learning at home and incorporating activities that could include their families. Episodes will encourage students to share their creation or performance with Young Audiences, which will make them available on social media and possibly include them in future episodes of Arts & Learning Kids.
Check out one of the first episodes, focused on math:
Teaching artists are professional artists who work with classroom teachers and deliver hands-on, arts-infused learning experiences that support traditional academic content.
Young Audiences suggested the Arts & Learning Kids programs to Baltimore City Public Schools, and is the only provider of education content for City Schools' Channel 77 programming beyond programming from Great Minds, the DC-based organization which created the Wit & Wisdom and Eureka Math curricula.
"Young Audiences has been a consistent and positive influence in our community and we look forward to continuing our partnership in creative, new ways as we implement the district's Continuity of Learning plan in response to school closures," said Janise Lane, Baltimore City Public Schools Executive Director of Teaching and Learning. "The Continuity of Learning plan is designed to continue learning while being as flexible as possible for our families; to continue the connections that matter – between teacher and student, family, and school; and to create a safe and nurturing virtual classroom community where everyone supports each other. To achieve these goals it is vital to provide alternate avenues for learning and connection and The Arts & Learning Kids show is a key component of that effort."
"Ensuring that students are engaged, learning and connected during this period of school closures is critical," said Stacie Sanders Evans, President and CEO of Young Audiences of Maryland. "Arts & Learning Kids will provide a consistent place for young people to visit — particularly those that do not have access to the internet for online learning — and to connect with dynamic artists and teachers. There they can explore literacy and math through a variety of art forms and be challenged to share their new knowledge with caregivers and parents who also need an opportunity to express and create."
About Young Audiences/Arts for Learning:
Started in Baltimore in 1950, Young Audiences is the nation's largest arts-in-education provider. As the Maryland affiliate, Young Audiences/Arts for Learning (YA) is devoted to enriching the lives and education of Maryland's youth through educational and culturally diverse arts programs. Through Young Audiences, professional artists from all disciplines partner with leaders and schools for nearly 10,000 hands-on arts learning experiences that reach more than 190,000 Maryland students. Young Audiences envisions a Maryland where the arts are valued for their capacity to transform lives, and where every student is immersed in opportunities to imagine, to create, and to realize their full potential.
Categorized: News, Press Releases
Tagged: Artists, Arts & Learning Kids, arts integration, Baltimore City Public Schools, BCPSS, community, Remote Learning, teachers, teaching artists, TV, Wit & Wisdom
21st Century Skills Anne Arundel County Public Schools artist-in-residence arts arts-in-education arts education arts integration Baltimore Baltimore City Baltimore City Public Schools Bloomberg Arts Internship community creative learning dance donor spotlight early learning Early Learning Week Femi the Drifish Hip Hop Jamaal Collier Maryland Maryland Wolf Trap Math meet our artists Music poetry professional development radio SALA science smARTbeats STEAM Summer Arts & Learning Academy Summer Arts and Learning Academy summer internship summer learning summer learning loss Teaching Artist Institute teaching artists theatre Valerie Branch visual art WTMD Young At Heart Young Audiences/Arts for Learning
Arts Empowered Minds
Bloomberg Arts Internship
Donor Spotlight
smARTbeats on WTMD
Summer Arts & Learning Academy
SummerREADS


text:
Stitt Leads In Overall Contributions for 4th Quarter Fundraising
The Okie on February, 1st 2018 in 2018 Campaigns Governor
KEVIN STITT FOR GOVERNOR CAMPAIGN OUTRAISES ALL OTHER CANDIDATES FOR TWO CONSECUTIVE QUARTERS
TULSA, Oklahoma (Jan. 31, 2018) – Kevin Stitt's campaign for governor continues to build a groundswell of support from Oklahomans who recognize our state faces a consequential time that requires a successful, proven leader from outside of the current Oklahoma political class.
The campaign announced today it has posted more than $2.2 million over the course of two fundraising quarters since the launch of the campaign, with more than $600,000 of it posting in the fourth quarter of 2017.
"I am excited that our movement has attracted a large number of Oklahomans who are making a strong donation for their first time in a primary race for our state's next governor," said Kevin Stitt. "The chaos at the State Capitol and failure to enact forward-thinking policy has been a wake-up call for many. More Republicans are engaging in the primary process, and I am honored they are getting behind our pro-growth vision to make Oklahoma a Top Ten state."
Stitt has consistently said during the campaign that he would never ask anyone to do anything he would not do himself, which is why he has made the commitment to match every donation dollar-for-dollar. In the fourth quarter, 330 donors contributed a total of $301,505.79 that was then matched by Stitt to post more than $600,000.
Stitt's approach to personal contributions demonstrates his confidence in being a dedicated, proven leader for Oklahoma while also holding fast to his belief that true success will ultimately come by partnering hand-in-hand with Oklahomans to bring new ideas to state government.
"Over the past few months, I have placed my full focus on a comprehensive listening tour of Oklahoma. Our state can't afford to continue recycling the same ideas from the same set of politicians," Stitt continued. "Oklahomans want to see our state growing again, and this must start by addressing core structural issues with our government that have become the greatest impediment to enacting conservative priorities. I look forward to rolling out more of our platform, developed with the feedback and contributions of Oklahomans across the state, in the weeks ahead."
In the campaign's first fundraising quarter, Stitt received $811,147.27 in donations from more than 560 donors, outraising all other gubernatorial candidates in the third quarter that ended on Sept. 30, 2017. He then matched the total donation with a personal contribution.
Within two fundraising quarters, 887 individuals have contributed to the Stitt for Governor campaign. The campaign's cash on hand places Stitt as a top contender for governor of Oklahoma.
Post Tags: CornettFisherGovernorJonesLambRichardsonStitt
Google+, Twitter Facebook.
Exclusive: Stitt Seeing 'Remarkable' Support For Savings Account, Agency Reforms
Stitt Presents 2019 State of the State Address
Stitt Hires Sean Kouplen, Brent Kisling To Lead Commerce And Workforce Development


Modest Fashion: The Next Marketing Magnet?
UTS Queer Revue — A Must See!
Lucy Dacus charmed audiences at Oxford Art Factory on Wednesday 27 March, the first stop on her debut Australian tour.
Julia Jacklin played a sold-out show at Metro Theatre this Friday 17 March, supported by powerhouses Annie Hamilton and Olympia.
What better way to start off the semester than with a playlist from the Vice Chancellor himself.
Mardi Gras 2019: re-live the magic in pictures.


text:
Q: jqxhr to local server can't find php file I have updated this question as per Cimbali's suggestion. This is now the js code that specifies the request:
......
function editFiltName($thisFiltCell)    {
  var cellText=$thisFiltCell.text();
  var idx=$thisFiltCell.index(); //alert("idx: idx");
  var newFN=prompt("Enter new filter name below - up to 12 characters.", cellText);
    switch (newFN)  {
        case    null        : return;   // cancel key hit
        case    cellText    : return;  // no change
        case    ""          : ; //$thisFCell.text('Filter' + (idx+1));
        default             : $thisFiltCell.text(newFN);
    }
    var action='updateFiltName';
    var request = MrAjax(action,newFN,idx);
} // end main function
//*******************************************
function MrAjax(action,P1,P2)  {
    console.log("Ajax-> action: "+action+" P1: "+P1+" P2: "+P2);
    var jqxhr=$.ajax({
        type: "POST",
        url: "../phpMain/editTblField.php",
        data: {action:action, P1:P1, P2:P2}
    });
    jqxhr.always(function() { console.log("jqxhr.status: " + jqxhr.status ); });
} // end MrAjax

This is now the console output when I enter some data:

Any suggestions? Note that console error is followed immediately by a 'success' response for the same file. But the php file still does not run. I get no php error response from the server - nor do I see my embedded echo I placed on the 1st line of the php file echo("Got here!);. That's true even when I comment out everything but that line.
I don't think it's in the php code but just in case, here it is:
<?php
echo "Got here!";
?>

Thanks again for taking a look.

A: Your error comes from a typo in your console log, you mixed up concatenations from different languages.
Instead of console.log("jqxhr.status: " . jqxhr.status ); you want console.log("jqxhr.status: " + jqxhr.status );
A second error seems to be that the status field doesn't exist (from your comment). However, from the jquery doc, http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax/#jqXHR :

The jQuery XMLHttpRequest (jqXHR) object returned by $.ajax() as of jQuery 1.5 is a superset of the browser's native XMLHttpRequest object. For example, it contains responseText and responseXML properties, as well as a getResponseHeader() method. When the transport mechanism is something other than XMLHttpRequest (for example, a script tag for a JSONP request) the jqXHR object simulates native XHR functionality where possible.
[...]
For backward compatibility with XMLHttpRequest, a jqXHR object will expose the following properties and methods:
readyState
status
statusText
responseXML and/or responseText when the underlying request responded with xml and/or text, respectively
setRequestHeader(name, value) which departs from the standard by replacing the old value with the new one rather than concatenating the new value to the old one
getAllResponseHeaders()
getResponseHeader()
statusCode()
abort()

I also ready it is a Deferred object, so maybe this strange behaviour comes from trying to access the status field before it exists. Try waiting for the completion of the request.
So instead of console.log("jqxhr.status: " + jqxhr.status );, use the following :
jqxhr.always(function() { console.log("jqxhr.status: " + jqxhr.status ); });

or
jqxhr.always(function(data, textStatus, errorThrown) { console.log("jqxhr.status=" + jqxhr.status + " : " + textStatus ); });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Murder on Reserve
Full-Length Play, Comedy / 5f, 4m, 1m or f
Thomas Hischak
In the small midwestern town of Sanford, the impossible has happened: someone has strangled crotchety old Faulkner Seaton in the reference section of the local library while the dusty old landmark was open. Most puzzling of all is the fact that nobody in the place saw or heard a thing. Vivid characters and a plot that keeps the audience guessing make this whodunit an enjoyable romp for any theatre group.
5f, 4m, 1m or f
Adult, Senior, Pre-Teen (Age 11 - 13), Teen (Age 14 - 18)
In the small midwestern town of Sanford, the impossible has happened: someone has strangled crotchety old Faulkner Seaton in the reference section of the local library while the dusty old landmark was open to the public. Most puzzling of all is the fact that nobody in the place saw or heard a thing. Inspector Trigg and his assistant, Lt. Elizabeth Roberts, are brought in from St. Louis to solve the mystery, only to discover the most unlikely collection of suspects: a meticulous librarian, his repressed assistant, a talkative small time speculator, a sweet high school girl, an elderly hypochondriac, a cynical library worker and a colorful drifter. It develops that old Seaton had stumbled into something important in the reference section and a missing book becomes the only clue. Trigg and Roberts set a trap to catch the murderer that results in a thrilling and revealing conclusion. Vivid characters and a plot that keeps the audience guessing make this whodunit an enjoyable romp for any theatre group.
Non-Traditional casting
Flexible casting
High School/Secondary
FAULKNER SEATON - a retired high school teacher
WILEY MYERS - a crusty, colorful character and a familiar face in town; shabby, middle-aged, walks with a limp
KELLY PERKINS - a high school student who works at the library part time; a bright, popular girl
FERN MANSFIELD - a middle-aged woman who works at the library; sly, knowing, good sense of humor
JUDITH KARR - assistant librarian; a faded woman in her forties with a continual distressed look about her
ETHAN BINNIE - head librarian; an exacting, humorless dictator who seems much oldr than his middle age
INSPECTOR TRIGG - a detective from St. Louis; nobody's fool
LT. ELIZABETH ROBERTS - his assistant; a knowing woman in her thirties; quiet but alert
ROY TEMPLETON - a businessman and speculator; a shrewd but likeable man in his late thirties
MRS. CHELSEY - an elderly widow; a demanding hypochondriac
Time Period Contemporary, Present Day, New Millennium/21st Century
Setting The public library of Sanford, Illinois.
No Special Cautions
Chorus Size N/A (Not a musical)
Thomas Hischak is an internationally recognized author and teacher in the Performing Arts. He is the author of over forty published plays which are performed in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and Australia. His playwriting awards include the Stanley Drama Award (Ne ...


text:
What Causes Summer Flight Delays?
Charlie Page is a Boeing 787 Dreamliner pilot. Each Saturday, his column addresses common questions about flying.
It always happens that, after working hard all year for your summer vacation and managing to get the entire family (bags included) into a taxi at 4 a.m., you arrive at the airport to find your flight has been seriously delayed. You had high hopes, but deep down you knew that the chances of this happening were pretty high.
So, why does this happen? Why is it that — come the most popular time of year to travel abroad — airports suffer from seemingly constant delays?
As you might imagine, the summer vacations bring increased demand for flights and with that comes inevitable problems. Air Traffic Control personnel are working harder; airline schedules run as tightly as they can manage; and bad weather in the form of summer thunderstorms all combine to create the perfect recipe for flight delays.
Air Traffic Controllers
Air Traffic Control (ATC) is responsible for ensuring the safe passage of aircraft as they fly along their route. Without them, flying around the world like we do these days would not be possible. They keep aircraft safely separated from each other and ensure they pass through their airspace as expeditiously as possible.
ATC have an incredibly important role in flight safety and punctuality (Image from nats.aero)
Yet, like the rest of us, they are only human. No matter how advanced the systems, there's a limit to the number of aircraft one controller can safely handle at once. They, too, are affected by staffing levels and how their airspace interacts with the airspace around them. They are also masters of the dreaded "slot" — a term synonymous with delays.
But what exactly is a slot and why does bad weather cause delays? To learn more about the world of ATC, I spoke to a friend of mine, Jamie, who is an Air Traffic Control Officer (ATCO) in the control tower at one of the UK's busiest airports. Jamie requested to use an alias because ATC officers are not authorized to speak publicly about their jobs.
"A slot is an airborne time from the point of departure, within which ATC are required to get the aircraft airborne," Jamie told TPG. "For pilots and ATC, this is represented in the form of a Calculated Take Off Time (CTOT), or 'slot'."
Airspace is divided into sectors, and controlled largely by the country over which the sector sits. The size of each sector depends on how busy that airspace is in terms of number of flights. The busier the sector, the smaller its size. These sectors will then be controlled by one or more ATCOs.
"Each sector has a limit to the number of aircraft [that] can pass through it in a given time," Jamie explained. "This is dependent on airspace geography, number of intersecting airways and structure of adjacent airspace."
Just as it is for us pilots, safety is the most important factor for ATC. When the workload reaches a critical level, steps are taken to ensure safety is not compromised.
"If too many flights are scheduled through a sector taking it above its declared capacity, then a regulation will be applied in order to keep it manageable and not put the air traffic controller into an overload situation."
This is when a CTOT is generated. By keeping aircraft on the ground until a certain time, ATC can ensure that flight doesn't reach the limiting sector until they are ready. And this, quite often, can be an area several hours into the flight.
Missed Slots
If a slot time is missed, a new slot time has to be requested from the Central Flow Management Unit in Brussels," Jamie explained. "This often leads initially to a big delay but comes down normally."
Imagine a flight between Manchester Airport (MAN) and Santorini (JTR). This flight will pass through German airspace, but due to capacity issues there, the flight has a CTOT. Meanwhile, in Dublin, another flight is preparing to fly to Corfu International (CFU). They are also routing through German airspace and also have a CTOT.
If the Dublin flight is delayed because a passenger fails to make it to the gate on time, it could miss its slot. The Manchester flight, if ready, could be allocated that slot and leave earlier than expected.
This is why, as pilots, we prefer to board passengers onto the aircraft even if we have a long slot delay. Once all the doors are closed, we can tell ATC that we're ready and can then take advantage of someone else missing their slot.
The weather, too, has a significant effect on flight delays. This can come in all forms, but in the summer, it's mainly thunderstorms that cause flight delays. There can also be fog, which increases the spacing required between landing aircraft and slows down the departure rate. And strong winds mean aircraft are flying slower over the ground so fewer can land per hour.
When it comes to convective summer weather, cooperation between pilots and ATC is key. To keep our passengers safe and comfortable, we want to avoid the worst of the clouds by deviating from our route. This minimizes the turbulence experienced by all on board. Whilst this approach works for us, it's not so convenient for ATC.
"Weather is [a] hugely restrictive problem for ATC," Jamie said. "Pilots requesting a deviation from the route that the air traffic controller has planned on can cause an enormous reduction in capacity in a sector in order to make it safe."
Deviating well off course to keep clear of bad weather. Great for pilots and passengers, not so great for ATC.
By "safe," Jaime is referring to keeping aircraft separated from each other. Depending on the type of airspace and aircraft, this could mean 1,000 feet of vertical distance and several miles laterally.
"Providing radar vectors around dangerous weather cells often requires an enormous amount of telephone coordination with adjacent sectors," Jamie added. "If significant weather is forecast in a sector then a regulation will be applied pre-tactically in order to manage a deteriorating situation."
It's in situations such as this where slots can be generated, and the resultant delays can occur.
However, it's not just conditions along the route that can cause problems. Weather around the departure airfield can also cause delays as aircraft try to avoid the worst of the clouds in the first few minutes of the flight. If the requests create too high a workload for ATC, they may even stop all departures heading in that direction until the clouds have cleared.
Aircraft Rotation
For most of us, our cars sit on the driveway or street for most of the day and night, only used for a couple of hours a day. However, when your vehicle costs several million dollars, having it sit around for just doesn't make financial sense. Aircraft are only earning money when they are flying.
Planning for the summer season, between May 1 and Oct. 31, begins over a year beforehand. Airlines try to predict the demand for flights and the number of aircraft and manpower required to support the operation. Obtaining new aircraft takes some serious lead time, so the flying program is planned around the number of aircraft available in the airline during the summer period.
Aircraft work incredibly hard over the summer period (Photo by Alberto Riva/TPG)
In order to maximize the flying program, airlines want to utilize their assets to their full potential. Long-haul aircraft often fly for 22 hours in a 24-hour period. For short haul aircraft, that's typically around 18 hours in a day. Breaks are built into the schedule to carry out routine maintenance at regular intervals to ensure the aircraft are always safe to fly (more on this in a future article).
During the summer, the increase in demand for flights means many of the extra flights take place during the night. As a result, aircraft will often be working around the clock. This is fine when things go according to plan, however, if a delay occurs on one flight, this often has a cascading effect. It's not uncommon for flights several days later to still be running late as a result.
Like all machines, aircraft suffer from technical issues and it's more common than you may think. That said, this is expected, and contingencies are put in place to make sure they are absolutely safe to fly.
Imagine if anytime you had a minor issue with your car, you had to get it fixed before you could drive it. Low tire pressure, a dent in the body, a chip in the windscreen, the radio not working — you would never get anywhere. If this was the same with aircraft, almost every single flight would be delayed. As a result, aircraft manufacturers have a plan.
Commercial aircraft are designed to not only be safe, but also to have a good dispatch reliability (that's the percentage of flights that leave within a certain time frame). Technical faults would impact this, so aircraft are designed with backup systems. In some cases there are backups for the backup systems. This means that if one system fails, another system is ready to take over.
Aircraft can fly safely, even with some systems not working (Photo by Scott Barbour/Getty Images)
Aircraft are designed to be able to fly safely with fewer elements to a system than are actually fitted to the aircraft. Every aircraft type has an inventory of items it's legally and safely able to fly without, called the Minimum Equipment List (MEL). If an aircraft system is unserviceable, pilots and engineers look it up in the MEL to deduce whether or not the aircraft can dispatch without it.
Hit the Brakes
A good example of this on the 787 Dreamliner is actually the braking system. The aircraft has eight main wheels, each of which has a brake unit. However, the aircraft is legally and safely allowed to depart with up to two of these units not working. In a situation like this, engineers and pilots have special procedures to follow.
The engineers will ensure the brake unit is safely disconnected and write it up in the aircraft's technical log for future crews to be aware of. The pilots adjust their take off performance to account for the inactive brake unit and then leave the gear down for two minutes after take off to allow the wheel to spin down naturally.
This engineering process takes a fraction of the time that it would to change the entire brake unit. When the aircraft then has a scheduled break for maintenance, the brake unit will be replaced.
However, if a technical problem doesn't allow the aircraft to dispatch under conditions listed in the MEL, a serious delay can occur. Whilst this is hugely frustrating for passengers, if an aircraft isn't safe to fly, it simply will not take off. As much as airlines would love to have spare aircraft just sitting around in the case of a long technical delay, it just does not make economical sense to do so.
Crew Hours
The human element is also a large factor in the flying operation. Pilots can take up to six months to become fully operational at a new airline, and cabin crew members can require a couple of months. So, some serious forethought and planning is required.
Due to the irregular working patterns, nights spent out of bed, consecutive early starts and the impact of jet lag, the hours that flight crew can work are closely monitored.
The hours which crew can work are strictly regulated (Photo by MICHAEL BUHOLZER/AFP/Getty Images)
In Europe, for example, pilots and cabin crew are limited to working 2,000 hours in a 12-month period. However, restrictions also apply in smaller time windows. In a 28-day period, the limit is 190 hours; in a 14-day period, it's 110 hours. During a seven-day stretch, pilots and cabin crew cannot exceed 60 hours. With proper planning by airlines, these limits normally do not have an impact on flight punctuality. Where issues do arise, though, is on an individual duty.
As soon as crew report for a duty, the clock is ticking. Depending on what time of day they report and how many flights they are scheduled to conduct, there is a maximum Flight Duty Period (FDP). This is to ensure they are not too tired to safely perform their duties.
For example, a crew reporting at 04:45 planning to do four sectors, or flights, have a maximum duty of 10 hours. This means they are not allowed to be performing critical duties onboard the aircraft after 14:45. Conversely, a crew planning to fly a single long-haul sector reporting at 06:15 can fly for up to 13 hours.
If a long technical delay occurs once the crew have reported for duty, the first thing they will do is check at what time they go "out of hours." This isn't a way to get out of doing the flight, but rather to make sure they remain compliant with the law. If an incident occurred and the crew were found to be over their FDP, the legal consequences would be severe.
Once this "out of hours" time has been established, normally the time by which the aircraft must leave the gate with the expected flight time in mind, it becomes a race between this and getting the aircraft fixed.
Once that zero-time has been reached, it's game over. That crew can no longer legally operate that flight, as it could leave them dangerously tired when it comes to the most critical part of the flight: landing. A new crew must be sourced to operate the flight. This normally leads to even greater delays and sometimes even cancellations if the airline has no spare crew.
As pilots, we are ultimately there to ensure our passengers are kept safe at all times. Whilst delays are frustrating for everyone involved, they are often caused by factors outside of our control. ATC have an incredibly important job to do and we are just one tiny piece in their massive global jigsaw. And when it comes to technical issues, we will only accept the aircraft for flight when we are satisfied that it is safe to do so. Remember, all of us have our own families we want to come home to. Feature photo by bunhill / Getty Images.
Charlie Page is a contributing writer for The Points Guy


Classic and casual life style, also a amazing shoes for wedding, party,business, etc.
The perfect gift for yourself,husband,brother,father and a magic shoes or boyfriend.You can choose your favorite style, size and color.
About our products are Moccasins,Casual shoes,Oxford shoes,Business shoes, Sandals,Sneakers,Boots, etc.
If want to know more products information,please click on our store page or contact us at any time,we would be happy to help you.Thank you.


First couple weeks of dieting may be funny. Especially when you mainly focused only on dieting before it become everyday routine.
I've been asked yesterday if I do dates, my brain automatically turned dates to diets. So I said of course I do clean, carb cycling and currently LCHF.
And that confusing in their eyes what the hell I'm talking about.
I do diet not date. But can you actually dating people while dieting? It may be tricky on keto. You may not make good impression if you order three fat stakes, chicken wings, leafy salad and you ask to top it up with some cheese. Oh dear, that sounds delicious. I'm hungry now.
I would suggest to go diet on your cheat window or simply warn your date you eat… different.


text:
Home // What's new // Raincoast updates //
Hopenhagen or Dopenhagen?
Published on 2009 · 12 · 15 by Chris Genovali, Executive Director
by Chris Genovali
Truthout.org Dec. 18, 2009
Georgia Strait, Dec 17, 2009
Common Dreams, Dec 15, 2009
In the run-up to the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 15) in Copenhagen, an eclectic group made up primarily of corporations and media outlets put forward the notion of "Hopenhagen." The following is extracted from their mission statement:"Hopenhagen is a movement, a moment and a chance at a new beginning. The hope that in Copenhagen this December we can build a better future for our planet and a more sustainable way of life."
At this juncture, it appears COP 15 will end up being remembered more as "Dopenhagen", as opposed to "Hopehangen", and Canada will have contributed to that outcome in a significant way through its intransigence on the climate change file.
Canada stumbled its way to COP 15, with Prime Minister Stephen Harper having to be literally dragged against his will to Copenhagen. Canada also signaled
that it wasn't going to be playing a serious role in moving things forward at COP 15 with Environment Minister Jim Prentice's pre-Copenhagen announcement that the federal government's climate action plan will take 40 years to achieve its goals.
Climate scientist Dr. James Hansen of NASA states that we have already passed what is considered the threshold for "maximum permissible concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere."
CNN recently reported that a possible rise in sea levels of 0.5 meters by 2050 could put at risk more than $28 trillion worth of assets in the world's largest coastal cities, according to a report compiled for the insurance industry. In March, the journal Science reported that sustained atmospheric warming projected for the coming centuries could ultimately produce a worldwide rise in sea level of 12 metres compared with today's levels.
Canada's coastline happens to be the world's longest at 243,792 kilometres (or 151,485 miles), including the coastline of the country's 52,455 islands.
Ironically, the government's plan apparently reaches its objectives at the projected 2050 half-metre sea level rise. The environment minister claims he wants "sensible solutions", but is a phased-in approach spread over four decades sensible when the best available science tells us decisive action needs to be taken now to attenuate anticipated future impacts?
As Dr. Corinne Le Quere points out, global carbon emissions increased by almost 30 per cent between 2008 and 2009. Isn't it time Canada showed some leadership on the most pressing international issue dominating the world stage? Or are we going to be content to hide behind 40 year plans and draw even more ire from the global community when it comes to the fight against climate change?
Skeptics in Canada have used the so-called "climategate" controversy to call for a cautious approach at COP 15 or even an abandonment of mitigation measures. Climategate does not change the fact that all the credible evidence vetted in countless scientifically peer-reviewed papers shows the primary cause of climate disruption is anthropogenic and that global warming poses severe risks to humanity, requiring immediate action to limit carbon emissions. Rather, climategate is a convenient sideshow the doubters have seized upon in a continuation of their desperate efforts to defy reality and sway public policy. But climategate is not the scandal the denier camp thinks it is.
As online journalist Richard Graves, director of Fired Up Media, recently put it in an opinion piece for Common Dreams: "The real scandal is not the email archive, or even how it was acquired, sorted, and uploaded to a Russian server, but rather the emerging evidence of a coordinated international campaign to target and harass climate scientists, break and enter into government climate labs, and misrepresent climate science through a sophisticated media infrastructure on the eve of the international climate talks."
There now appears to be a concerted effort, via espionage, to undermine and attack climate scientists and their research. As reported by Judith Lavoie of the Victoria Times Colonist, here in Canada over the last year, there have been two break-ins at Dr. Andrew Weaver's University of Victoria office and several attempts to hack into the computer system.
From the Times Colonist article: "The intrusions came as no surprise to Weaver, Canada Research Chair on Climate Modelling and Analysis and a member of the Nobel-winning International Panel on Climate Change. Like other scientists working in the climate-change field, Weaver says they face a well-orchestrated campaign of harassment by global-warming skeptics."
Current climate denying tactics are also reminiscent of malicious efforts by the tobacco industry to obscure the undeniable proof associating smoking with lung cancer. The purpose was not to prove tobacco harmless, but to cast doubt on the science and delay governments from taking action.
The denier sect is relatively small, but has the advantage of being bankrolled by greenhouse gas producing industries. Media researcher David McKnight, of the University of New South Wales, explains their three-fold strategy: "First, the implications of the science are frightening. Shifting to renewable energy will be costly and disruptive. Second, doubt is an easy
product to sell. Climate denial tells us what we all secretly want to hear. Third, science is portrayed as a political orthodoxy rather than objective knowledge."
McKnight concludes "climate denial may turn out to be the world's most deadly public relations campaign." Indeed, implementing politicized, ineffective half-measures to address climate disruption would essentially constitute a game of global Russian roulette.
Reflecting on the Canadian government's continued foot dragging on the climate change file, as well as its predilection for "shouting down critics and environmental activists" as a December 11th Toronto Star editorial highlighted, one has to wonder what is exactly at the root of this obduracy and antagonism. Is it solely the fact that the prime minister and the environment minister are from Alberta and feel compelled to defend the oil sands? Or is there something more, such as a lingering disbelief that climate change is even occurring? The fact is the prime minister has a track record of being a climate change skeptic. In the U.S. climate denial has become a crucible of sorts amongst the political right; let's hope this dangerous mentality hasn¹t migrated to their conservative brethren in Canada.
Chris Genovali is the Executive Director of British Columbia, Canada based Raincoast Conservation.
chris genovali, climate and habitat


After falling energy prices resulted in two consecutive years of economic decline, real growth of 1.9% is expected in 2018. The Minister's budget presentation was largely aimed at consolidating this improvement and restructuring government expenditure to increase financial efficiency.
An important aspect of consolidating recent economic improvements is increasing the foreign exchange earnings of the non-energy sector, as the energy sector has traditionally accounted for 80% of foreign exchange earnings. Our recent experience with the variability of energy prices has awakened us to the urgent need to diversify income streams away from the energy sector.


Absolutely delighted to welcome Maryam Al Serkal, author of Mira's Curly Hair – a picture book created with illustrator Rebeca Luciani.
I'm mother to a boy and a girl. I love to read. I write poetry. I'm spiritual but nerdy. I'm obsessed with YouTube and Netflix.
Mira's Curly Hair, your debut picture book, has just been released. How did it come to be?
I wrote a rhyme about my daughter and her quest to straighten her hair in a writing workshop that I participated in. The instructor liked the rhyme and said I should try to get it published and gave me a list of publishers she thought might be interested.
I honestly don't have a favourite place. I just start writing where ever inspiration hits me. But when I'm editing my work and refining it, I like to sit in a wooden cabin I have in my house. It overlooks my garden.
Happycracy, words can change your brain, the hate you give and living the wisdom of the Tao.
I've recently fell in love with the word "NO". Some people might find it negative, but I think it's a very empowering word.
Write what you know and respect children's brains, they are wiser than we think they are.
All I can say is that Mira might have some other issues that she has to deal with as she grows up.


American architect Tom Rankin has lived in Rome, practicing architecture and teaching, since 1991. He received his Master's in Architecture at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, a BA in Architecture at Princeton, and a "Laurea" in Architecture at Università di Roma 'La Sapienza'. He was founder of the successful non-profit cultural travel association Scala Reale and continues to support culturally and environmentally sustainable travel as a partner in Context Travel and CEO of the travel consulting business Studio Rome. Tom teaches at the at Università di Roma 'La Sapienza' (School of Engineering), the California Polytechnic Rome Program in Architecture and the Iowa State Rome Program. He is a Fulbright, a proprietor of the Boston Athenaeum, a founding member of ISAR and Director of the association Tevereterno Onlus. Tom is the author of Rome Works: An Architect Explores the World's Most Resilient City and has written numerous articles on sustainable urbanism and presented frequently at conferences. His blog on the Still SustainableCity was chosen by Guardian Cities as the best Italian city blog and is a reference point for sustainable urbanism in Rome.


Doggo, now seemingly bored with the front bedroom, is making a beeline for his bed upstairs every morning. This is probably just so that he can sneak down later and check on the builder. Not a bad plan really when you think about it.
I take the car to work and do the shopping before we starve.
It is in the paper that some chap failed to break two hours at the Leicester Half yesterday after stopping to propose to somebody in the crowd. He subsequently crossed the line in 2:02. I imagine they have since split up.
I get home to find that no more tiling has been done but definitely tomorrow the chap says. He has added a few more bits of trim and changed the windowsill. It will all be done by the end of Wednesday he assures me.
Dog training is called off due to a lack of willing volunteers to stand in a cold damp muddy field. So we get to enjoy an unexpected night in together instead.


AN audacious £100bn takeover bid for troubled Vodafone is being weighed up by specialist venture capital groups.
A deal of such a size would far outstrip anything venture capital predators have so far considered and would be seen as an opportunistic way to exploit the mobile phone giant's boardroom problems.
These have seen the old guard, including former chief executive Sir Chris Gent and current chairman Lord MacLaurin, pitted against chief executive Arun Sarin.
The disclosure that venture capitalists are contemplating Vodafone as a target follows revelations that BT is also in their sights.
Senior City sources, who have been consulted about a potential Vodafone assault, say the discussions are being led by venture capitalists specialising in telecoms, including Apax and CVC Partners.
'Soundings are being made,' said one source. 'No one's committed and they are not sure there's a way of doing it, but they are convinced of the potential value in a deal.
Though about 40% of recent European telecoms deals have involved private equity, the largest was a $15.3bn (£8.8bn) consortium deal for Danish phones group TDC.
Despite its recent problems, Vodafone is still valued at about £70bn. Traditionally, takeover bids command a premium, which would leave the venture capitalists having to fund an astonishing £100bn.
But Vodafone is seen as a plum target. Its core business is reliable and generates cash, which could be used to repay debt. Also, it is estimated that its joint ventures, which could be sold to raise money, are worth more than 40% of the company's value.
Under pressure from investors to perform, Sarin is selling the Japanese division and will hand back billions of pounds to investors.
It has been suggested that he is trying to offload the company's Australian interests, and a number of shareholders, including insurer Standard Life, have said Sarin must soon try to extricate the group from its joint venture deal in America.
The company sacked marketing director Peter Bamford last week and said it would institute a marketing review, but City sources said this would be more far reaching. One said: 'It is a strategy review.
Vodafone today tried to draw a line under rumours of a boardroom rift after its chairman released a statement backing the group's chief executive.
Speculation was rife in the Sunday papers that Lord MacLaurin had been attempting to oust Arun Sarin following a run of disappointing announcements from the company.
It was claimed Lord MacLaurin had tried to force a vote of no confidence in the Vodafone boss, while there was speculation that he would use a key meeting with the group's largest investors tomorrow to gauge support for the chief executive, ahead of a 'showdown' meeting between the two.


text:
Keighley Cougars call for RFL emergency meeting
Keighley Cougars are trying to force an emergency general meeting at the RFL as they continue to ask questions over the ineligible players saga.
The Cougars have also written to 20 MPs about the issue as they pursue legal action in conjunction with Sheffield Eagles, and almost 2,000 people have signed an online petition started by supporter Nigel Hall.
Last week the club held a public meeting with supporters to outline their position, and Chairman Gary Fawcett has now issued a further detailed statement.
Fawcett said: "Ineligible players were played in Kingstone Press Championship fixtures this season and no punishment for the breach of the rules has been applied.
This article originally appeared in this week's edition of League Express newspaper. Click here to download the digital version to your computer, smartphone or tablet
"In Rugby League's first season in 1895, St Helens fielded an ineligible player and, guess what, they were deducted points that were the equivalent of one win.
"The prohibition around playing ineligible players is at the core of the sport, indeed of any sport, and it always has been.
"When I start to think about the situation I think about the questions we have, so far, asked the RFL. Some of them are as follows.
Gary Fawcett
"With an issue as fundamental as player ineligibility, and with the incidence of appeals panels overturning disciplinary panel decisions being historically 'very low' (the RFL's own words), how did it come about that this appeals panel overturned the previous decision?
"Why was the appeals panel convened at Red Hall before 2.45pm on 28th August? As far as I am aware disciplinary and appeals panels have always run between the hours of 5.30pm to 8.30pm on a Tuesday, Wednesday or a Thursday.
"Was the timing of this panel changed to accommodate specific panel members? if so, who was on the appeals panel?
Click here to download the digital version of League Express newspaper to the device of your choice
"Why did the appeals panel accept 'new' evidence to overturn the previous decision when the evidence wasn't new and would not have been allowed by the appeals panel under the RFL's own Operational Rules?
"And where are the minutes from both meetings?
"We have requested, on multiple occasions, the minutes, ancillary documents and recordings of the panel meetings and the RFL are refusing to send them to us despite this being required under their own Operational Rules.
"The RFL have offered to meet up with us but it is with the understanding that there can be no settlement with Keighley Cougars or Sheffield Eagles regarding this issue.
"So, probably the only thing that could be achieved at such a meeting would be to drink a cup of tea.
"Further, the RFL's lawyers have replied to our pre-action litigation letter and have stated that with so complex a case it is difficult to see what documents should be made available and they'll come back to us with a full response on October 17.
"That's a long time.
"What are we to make of this response?
For the latest updates and breaking news, follow us on the social media platform of your choice
"Do the RFL care about the problem at all?
"Do they think slowing the process down will make the issue go away?
"Or is the problem so difficult to solve in the circumstances that any solution would cause embarrassment for the sport, so they are seeking to avoid this?
"We have put solutions to the RFL and, so far, they have refused to consider them. In the meantime, the fans and the clubs are ramping up the pressure.
"We have almost 2,000 signatures on our online petition on www.change.org.
"We have written to over 20 MPs and the All Party Parliamentary Committee for Rugby League.
"The All Party Parliamentary Committee tweeted on Saturday September 27 saying that they have written to the RFL asking questions.
"Some fans have written to the sponsors of the game alerting them to this issue and many have written to the RFL Board members expressing their concern.
Let us know what you think about this story – and the rest of the game's hot topics – on our free forum
"We've tried to get the issue on the agenda of the Championship CEO forum on October 8 but to no avail.
"We have kicked off the joint legal process and responded strongly against the RFL lawyer's request for more time stating that any delay further and massively prejudices the Cougar position.
"The media have been very supportive of this issue. Experts in the game have stated that the points should have been deducted and remained deducted. Period."
Fawcett has also outlined the club's next steps over the matter.
©RLPhotos
He explained: "I have asked the RFL for a list of members of the RFL (under Companies Act 2006 they are obliged to send me this within five working days) with a view to calling an Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM).
"We need 10 per cent of the members to request such a meeting and then the directors of the RFL are compelled to convene it.
"The members will decide what resolutions will be put forward at the EGM.
"For the Cougars, I am considering the following and hope the members agree with them.
"For the Championship competition to be run as a 13-team competition in the 2015 season.
Click here to download the latest issue of Rugby League World magazine to your computer, smartphone or tablet
"The RFL to commit to an independent review of the current disciplinary process and to agree to adopt the recommendations of the review within the required timescales.
"For example, one of the things that deeply concerns me about the current disciplinary process is that it ends within the RFL organisation. There is no right to arbitration.
"If you don't agree with the decision you are stuck with it. Enlightened bodies, such as the FA, allow arbitration as a normal part of the process.
"We would also like the RFL Board to be prohibited from expending RFL members monies in defending legal actions from any of the member clubs unless it has been expressly sanctioned by a majority of the member clubs in a meeting where the issue has been presented and discussed.
"As part of our overall strategy the above is one of a number of initiatives we have going on to ensure the pressure is ongoing and increasing.
"If the reader thinks this issue is just about Keighley Cougars, it's not.
"This is about the integrity of our sport."
← Former London Broncos coach returns to club
Monaghan: We want a complete 80-minute display →