Stocksigns have a wealth of experience working with the construction industry and can provide so much more than simply Health and Safety signage.
Whether you require quality hoarding panels, bespoke welcome and wayfinding boards, marketing suite graphics or prestige internal signs, we can provide a complete one stop shop.
Produced on hoarding grade aluminium composite with anti-graffiti protection as standard, we offer a range of high quality panels, with exceptional print quality.
Manufactured on-site at our Redhill factory, using our state of the art UV digital printer, the panels can incorporate your brand, imagery and photography – creating a striking display to promote your forthcoming development.
Should you require artwork assistance our in-house graphic design team can help, whilst our installation teams travel the length and breadth of the UK providing a professional fitting service. Alternatively we are happy to simply produce the panels and supply them to site installation ready.
At Stocksigns, we work with customers large and small and pride ourselves on delivering a fast, efficient service to all our clients.
A professionally produced suite of signs create that all important first impression to your potential customers and the wider public. Stocksigns can provide a full range of custom-made signs, posts and fittings perfectly suited for the construction industry.
Large D Board, V Boards and cut to shape signs remain popular choices for our customers, but there are no limitations to the signs we can create. Our team of experts will work with you to ensure your signage meets your exact brief and budget.
For larger developments, effective wayfinding signage may be required and here again we can help with a wide selection of static and interchangeable wayfinding options.
For more information and a personalised quote, please contact our Sales Team on 01737 774077.


Imagine you've been left on a desert island and forced to fend for yourself. With you are only a few choice materials you stuffed into a mediocre backpack. There is no shelter—you must build one of the island's grounds. Your next meal is unknown; suddenly a fish eyeball is mouthwatering. Contact with anyone is an impossibility. You can't call home to chat, no one knows if you've been injured or if you are starving, if you are freezing or dehydrated. No one is around to keep you sane, the only conversation you'll have is with a personal camera. Tiptoeing around your campsite are momma bears with their cubs. Home is a faraway thought. You are Alone.
History Channel's hit adventure series Alone enlists 10 survivalists to face the wilderness on their own. In its second season the contestants were dropped on Vancouver Island and left to use their outdoor skills as a means of outliving one another. For up to a year, the men and women competing must hunt their own food, build their own campsite and keep sane until they are the last man or woman standing. Up for grabs is a fat $500,000 check. Each participant is required to document their experience on film. There is no crew or producers, no medics or nutritionists, they are Alone.
Inked caught up with Larry Roberts of Minnesota, one of this season's contestants who got a big tattoo honoring his experience on the show. He recalled first arriving on Vancouver Island. "They launched me out of a helicopter and everything went silent," Roberts said. "Realizing it's time to put up or shut up, everything was on me—that's a pretty big moment." It's hard to fathom how one keeps sane when left alone in the woods for months on end, but Roberts said the idea of getting tattooed after the show kept him going. The 44-year-old couldn't say whether or not he was the last man standing on Alone season two, but he did fill us in on how exactly he filmed himself without a crew, the weirdest things he ate to survive and the details of his new ink.
Check out our full interview with Roberts and catch the a preview of the show below. Alone airs every Thursday at 9pm on the History Channel.
How is life after Alone?
It's definitely different. I still have thoughts about the island and a lot of times I actually wish I was still back there even though it was a difficult experience. It was so rewarding. The world we live in now seems like everybody is tugging on you in different directions. Out there it was really basic. You stay dry and eat.
I wouldn't say afraid. I just put a lot of pressure on myself when I went out there. There was more anxiety and nervousness with trying to perform and to live up to the expectations that I had put on myself. Just the anxiety of trying to catch food.
You struggled a lot just to feed yourself.
I used a gill net, which just catches fish in their gills when they bump up against the net and try to squeeze through the little holes. But setting up the gill net in my area was very challenging. I had a preconceived idea before I ever saw my area that I'll probably have a sandy beach that would allow me to drive stakes into the ground for the net, but I didn't. My area was gravel on top of bedrock so I had to cut my branches for my gill net and wedge them in rocks and try to secure them without driving them into the ground. So I was carrying pretty heavy rocks, 30-40 pounds maybe. I made sure I had the net out as far as I could so I did it when the tide was out and the tide is really never sitting still, so that was a very calorie burning physically demanding test.
And then you're working so hard you're probably even more starving once it is set up.
Well that's just it, I'm climbing my hill every single day to get to my camp, even just to sleep or get food. Sometimes I was working at night time because that's when the tide would go out, so I'm getting a few hours of sleep. I was burning calories at a really rapid rate.
You had a really difficult time building a camp for yourself because of the grounds you had to work with.
Everybody had different challenges but the terrain that I was in, it was just so steep. I had to make stairs just to get up there. You need shelter to stay dry and warm. With the rains and even just climbing up and down the hill made it start to turn into a mud pit. It got pretty frustrating.
Procuring enough food to meet the calorie expenditure that I was having to do.
Fish eyeballs and fish gills were by far the worst thing I ate. You get hungry enough and you're like, The heck with it, I'm eating everything.
You incorporated a lot of the food you ate into your new back tattoo. Tell us about that.
Everything on it means something to me. The olympus, I ate so many of them things, they kept me going when I wasn't able to catch a fish. When I did catch a fish it was like the biggest score ever. Your belly doesn't even know you ate if you ate one periwinkle or one olympus but if you ate a fish your belly is like Yes! Finally! There is also the little helicopter on there. That was one of the coolest things ever. I mean I got flown in a helicopter just to land on a beach and get shoved out the door. The boat, if they had to pick up our media from our camera, they would come out in a boat.
In the show you see that spear that I had on my back, they call it a frog gig, but it's a branch that I batoned and made little spikes out of. My knife was huge, you can't survive without a knife. Even something as simple as a metal pot. You know, cooking and purifying water. That metal pot was just a huge advantage in the woods. I used the living heck out of mine. Everything I had a deep attachment to, it wasn't like Oh that looks cool, we'll throw that in there.
When did you decide on this Alone piece?
I had wanted a big piece for a long time but it wasn't until sitting in my shelter that I started creating this design. I started to get really excited about it because it was something I could focus on. When it got dark I'd start thinking about all the different elements that I wanted to put in it.
What tattoos did you have before you started Alone?
I think I got my first one when I was 18 or 19 and it was just something that I had always wanted to do. I researched this one tattoo shop in San Diego and I saw some flash that they had of a tasmanian Devil. But right after it got done I wanted another one. It's similar to marathon runners or people that work out and so when you get one done you want another one. It releases endorphins. Then I got a Native American head on my back, like a Sioux with the feather headdress. And I got an armband, another Native American piece with feathers. I got 'em all done by the time I was like 24 or so.
What toll did Alone take on you mentally?
Sometimes in real life I'm a little quiet but it turns out when I have a camera in front of me I've got no problem spilling my guts to it. So I just sat there and talked nonstop to the camera. It gave me a job. It occupied my mind. When it got dark was when my mind started going.
Did it get to a point where you felt trapped?
The constant dwelling in your own mind will definitely wear on you. I was out there and I thought, Oh my gosh I forgot to tell my wife to fill the propane tank. We live out in the country, and if you don't get the propane tank filled, the water heater is not going to work, the gas range isn't going to work, there's a lot of things that aren't gong to work. I thought, My poor wife isn't going to remember to go out and check the gage and she's going to run out of propane and it's going to cost money because they're going to have to purge the system. Your mind just starts working on that like a dog with a ball. I worried about that for two weeks.
How did your family react when you confronted them about Alone?
Both my son and daughter were like, 'Heck yeah Dad give it a try!' My wife was very, very supportive. She said, 'Go ahead, it's your time.' I got married at a young age, I was 18. I had my first kid at 21 and we kind of just devoted our whole lives to our kids and didn't do a lot independently. Our anniversary will come around and the kids are like, 'What're we doing for our anniversary?' We're a very tight knit family. It was only after I came back that my wife confided in me that she was worried about me and that it was pretty difficult to run the household by herself.
I can only imagine. At least you're worrying about them in their everyday life. But they have no idea what you're going through.
Totally. We have a network of friends in my hometown that I knew would check on her, I knew my kids would check on my wife, but they had no contact whatsoever. They didn't know if I had sustained an injury or anything. If there was some major emergency and I got pulled out or something they would have been notified, but as far as everyday struggles, they had no idea.
Why were you so drawn to Alone?
Basically it has been something that I have been training for and the only real test of my skills would be able to do something like this. I think of it like an athlete that never gets to play in a game. This adventure was like my game. It was a huge game, it was like my Super Bowl.
You have to be quite crafty to survive in the wilderness.
We take for granted everything that we have. Even a knife. I'm going on a cruise later this year, but you're not even allowed to bring a swiss army knife in your luggage. Well what if something were to happen and you got washed up on the proverbial desert island? If you don't have a knife you better know how to chip a rock and make a cutting tool. Even gutting a fish. How are you going to gut a fish without a knife?
You had to film your whole experience out there. What was that like?
I think most folks forget that we filmed everything. You're not only putting all your [survival] skills into play, but you're filming, which takes up a good portion of the daylight that you would normally have devoted to your survival. It rains there a lot so [we were given] this little hood thing that goes over the camera—what a pain in the rear end that was. You would think in today's age they could come up with a waterproof camera that we could use out there but it was very delicate. One of the shots that I did, I had to climb up the hill, set the camera up, make sure it was going to be showing me, and then go back down and go about my business. And we had multiple cameras so they preferred if you got multiple angles on one shot. So I'd set one camera up and then I'd take a GoPro and set it up and about five minutes into the process I'd look over at the GoPro and it'd be fogging up or the hood would be draped over the big camera. It was a lot of work.
People are probably wondering how you kept cameras charged if you were "alone."
Batteries. And they gave us a ton of the little memory cards how you would use in your cell phone or camera. Every morning you had to make sure the batteries were good to go on your camera. If you're memory card was getting too full, you had to remember to bring extra memory or batteries if you were going on a walk. There was definitely a checklist that you needed to take care of. It gave you a little bit of a routine to work off of.
You would do it all over again?
I would do it in a heartbeat. I'm ready to go right now. It wasn't all roses out there but it is so much more real than everyday life. The everyday rat race is so old to me.


Our CBC Music Ministry has added a "Youth Praise Team". They will lead the music and present special music on the last Sunday of each month(unless a change is needed). This is for any CBC member in the 7th grade through 20 years old. The Team will sing many of the latest Christian songs, but also have some of the "oldies but goodies" during the Worship services.


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Showing results by author "Willow Rose"
Fire and Beauty
The Vampires of Shadow Hills, Book 3
By: Willow Rose
Narrated by: HotGhost Productions
It's a neighborhood like any other. Except it is not. Under the surface lurks so many secrets that the teenagers of Shadow Hills fear for their lives. Jazmine knows her friends' parents are strange, supernatural beings, but what about hers? Who can she trust? Fire and Beauty is the third book in a fun and frightening series of romantic paranormal mysteries. If you like terrifying thrills, flesh and blood characters, and hot vampires, then you'll love Willow Rose's spine-chilling tale of this intense love triangle.
Series: Vampires of Shadow Hills, Book 3
Beauty and Beasts
Amy thinks she is the only normal person living on her street since she found out her friend's parents are all supernatural beings. But what about her? Why is she in such deep pain? Is she actually dying, like the internet is telling her, or is it something else? Another secret buried in Shadow Hills? What if you can't trust your own family?
The Vampires of Shadow Hills Series: Vol. 7-8
Book 7: What if everything you believe to be true about your life simply isn't? More secrets buried beneath the surface of this once so normal neighborhood will be revealed, while tensions are on the rise and trust is broken. Book 8: Even though he is gone, Mr. Aran still causes problems for the teenagers of Shadow Hills. A war is coming, some say, and only they can stop it, but do they want to do what it takes?
Series: Vampires of Shadow Hills, Book 7-8
The Vampires of Shadow Hills Series: Vol. 9-10
The highly anticipated conclusion of the series is finally here! Book 9: It's a race against time for the teenagers in Shadow Hills. Jazmine is in a coma, Jayden's been kidnapped, and Robyn is trying to figure out how to help them both. Meanwhile, the spiders are swarming the neighborhood, getting ready to make their move. Will Robyn save Jayden in time? Will the killer strike again? Book 10: Everything is chaos in Robyn's life. More secrets will be revealed as Robyn closes in on the killer....
Series: Vampires of Shadow Hills, Book 9-10
Don't Lie to Me
Eva Rae Thomas Mystery, Book 1
When 12-year-old Sophie Williams went on a Girl Scout summer camp, she never returned home. Three months later, her body is found inside her sleeping bag in the most frequented area of Cocoa Beach, and the town is outraged. The girl isn't just any child. She's the town's most beloved surf idol, and it was believed that she could be the next Kelly Slater. As another child, the son of a well-known senator is kidnapped, and the parents receive a disturbing video. FBI profiler Eva Rae Thomas, who has just returned to her hometown, divorced and out of a job, plunges into the investigation.
Series: Eva Rae Thomas Mystery, Book 1
Book 5: Nothing is the same for Amy since she found out what she is, but how does she control her new powers? A new boy moves onto the street, while Robyn gets to know more about her family. Will Melanie survive the claws of Mr. Aran? Book 6: It's summer break, and Robyn is starting her internship at the local TV station, finally getting away from her mother's piercing glare constantly following her every move. A surprise visit from another family member teaches Robyn more about the secrets in her family history.
Book 3: It's a neighborhood like any other. Except it is not. Under the surface lurks so many secrets that the teenagers of Shadow Hills fear for their lives. Jazmine knows her friends' parents are strange, supernatural beings, but what about hers? Who can she trust? Book 4: Amy thinks she is the only normal person living on her street since she found out her friends' parents are all supernatural beings. But what about her? Why is she in such deep pain? Is she actually dying like the internet is telling her or is it something else?
Book 1: She's in love with her best friend. A family grudge could tear them apart. And a supernatural secret could get them killed.... Book 2: Robyn is struggling being the only human in her house. Can she keep it a secret that she knows what the rest of her family is? Meanwhile Jayden's family is revealing secrets of their own and nothing is as it seems in Shadow Hills anymore....
Blood and Fire
"I wish my parents were immortal bloodsucking vampires," said no one. Ever. Especially not Robyn who is struggling being the only human in a house filled with vampires. Can she keep it a secret that she knows what they are? Meanwhile Jayden's family is revealing secrets of their own and nothing is as it seems in Shadow Hills anymore. Who can they trust?
She's in love with her best friend. A family grudge could tear them apart. And a supernatural secret could get them killed...When danger lurks around every corner, Robyn must decide if she's willing to risk her family and her life for a chance at true love. Have you talked to your parents today? Do you know where they are? Do you trust them? What if you couldn't?
Beasts and Magic
Nothing is the same for Amy since she found out who she is, but how does she control her new powers? A new boy moves onto the street, while Robyn gets to know more about her family. Will Melanie survive the claws of Mr. Aran? Will Jazmine's mother pull out of her grief? Why is Jayden's dad acting strangely and suddenly forgetting things? More secrets are revealed in the neighborhood of Shadow Hills as the teenagers dig deeper into the lives of their strange parents.
Witchcraft and War
What if everything you believe to be true about your life simply isn't? More secrets buried beneath the surface of this once so normal neighborhood will be revealed, while tensions are on the rise and trust is broken. Welcome back to Shadow Hills.
It's summer break, and Robyn is starting her internship at the local TV station, finally getting away from her mother's piercing glare constantly following her every move. A surprise visit from another family member teaches Robyn more about the secrets in her family history. Jazmine discovers something very disturbing about her mother and, once again, her world is turned upside down. Jayden's brother is doing his very worst to make Jayden's life miserable, while Amy is failing to live up to her parents' expectations.
Itsy Bitsy Spider
Emma Frost, Book 1
Narrated by: Marlon Braccia
Emma Frost inherits a house on Fanoe Island when her grandmother dies. She decides to move there with her family, much to her teenage daughter's regret. One morning, a wealthy old woman in her street is found murdered, and soon Emma finds herself wrapped in a mystery uncovering the island's dark secrets reaching all the way into her own family.
Series: Emma Frost, Book 1
Slip Out the Back Jack
Jack Ryder, Book 2
Narrated by: Adam Verner
They take turns with the knife, cutting their thumbs open. A drop of blood lands on the dark wooden table. Eyes meet across the room. All four thumbs are pressed against each other one by one. Blood is shared, secrets buried. Years later a brutal madman sprays bullets into a crowd at a movie theater in Miami and sends a chill through the entire nation. When human remains are discovered in the dense forest next to a biking trail in Brevard County, it is only the beginning of a series of gruesome murders which will shock the entire Space Coast.
Series: Jack Ryder, Book 2
The first heart-stopping, enthralling serial-killer thriller in the million-copy best-selling Jack Ryder Mystery series. Ben is supposed to be in school. It's Monday morning, but his parents are still asleep after a night of heavy drinking. Ben waits patiently, even though he knows he is missing out on today's field trip to the zoo. But, when his black Labrador suddenly runs upstairs and comes down with a finger in his mouth, Ben knows he's not making it to school today at all.
Miss Polly had a Dolly
Emma Frost Mystery, Book 2
Narrated by: Sarah Feenah
Miss Polly had a dolly. A beautiful daughter that she called her Baby Doll. Every day she dressed her in dresses and brushed her hair before they went outside to show off to the neighbors. On the playground one day her Baby Doll talked to a boy, and for one unforgivable second, Miss Polly let herself be distracted by a woman telling her how adorable she thought her daughter was. When Miss Polly finally turned to look for her Baby Doll, she was gone.
To Hell in a Handbasket
Narrated by: Stephen Bel Davies
From the Queen of Scream comes a novel that will raise the hair on the back of your neck. Not every grandmotherly type bakes cookies. What's more frightening than finding out that the kindly old ladies living across the street from you are anything but? As a child, Tim Robertson is selling cookies with his best friend Damien when they knock on the door of the house across the street from him. Two old ladies open the door and Tim never sees his best friend again.
Girl Divided
In the middle of the American Second Civil War, born with a face that is half black and half white, Jetta belongs nowhere. In New Orleans, where she lives with her grandmother after her parents' death, she is believed to be a demon come to curse them all. Everywhere in the town, the blacks - or people of any color - are being persecuted and, one day, Jetta is moved by the white military and shipped outside of the city walls to live in a closed ghetto along with the rest of New Orleans' many blacks. But Jetta is not black.
One, Two...He Is Coming for You
Rebekka Franck, Book 1
Narrated by: Anne Stolt
Once you start One, Two...He Is Coming for You, there is absolutely no turning back. Set in the Danish coastal town of Karrebaeksminde, the story follows journalist Rebekka Franck, who returns to her hometown with her six-year-old daughter. She is trying to escape her ex-husband and start a new life for her and her daughter when the small, sleepy town experiences a murder.
Series: Rebekka Franck, Book 1
Show 20 30 titles per page

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lauren Hoyle – owner and head trainer of Pawfect Behaviour, received her Certificate III in Dog Training and Behaviour with the National Dog Trainer's Federation of Australia. Lauren is also a certified puppy instructor.
Lauren has worked with dogs for over a decade originally starting as a dog walker around Sydney's Northern Beaches area. She also offers private obedience training lessons and behaviour consultations.


When we interact, we will show others respect; we will listen and recognize that each person has something to contribute to the process. Whenever possible, we will say, "yes, we can do that". We will say what we mean and mean what we say. We will be engaged in improving our knowledge and skills. By accomplishing these things we will create a loyal, stable employee and customer base. We will create a TEAM atmosphere. (Together Everyone Achieves More) By keeping people our priority and recognizing the importance of TEAM (Together Everyone Achieves More), we will strive to treat both coworkers and customers with respect, giving personal, individualized attention to each. By working as a TEAM of motivated, knowledgeable employees, we will sell quality products at competitive prices.
Whether you are a new customer or an old friend, welcome to our web site. We're proud of our dealership and our employees and are excited about the opportunity to tell you about ourselves online.
Family owned and operated, Jim Price Automotive had been proud to serve the automotive sales and service needs of Central Virginia since 1968.
In addition to over ten acres of new cars, trucks and pre-owned vehicles, we offer financing and leasing for all makes and models. Factory trained and ASE certified technicians along with the area's largest inventory of repair parts and accessories are available for all your vehicle maintenance needs.
Our inventory changes daily so if you don't see what you're looking for, please visit us again soon. Even better, contact us by phone or drop us an Email and tell us exactly what you're interested in. We want to provide you with premier customer service that is both easy and convenient for you. Let us prove it to you by submitting your Pre-Qualification form or scheduling a Service Appointment online.
Commercial/Fleet Department--staffed by experienced professionals who understand the needs of the business community. From cars and SUV's...from pickups to cube vans, our team can "spec" the exact vehicle you're looking for.
Second Chance Financing--on-the-spot loan approval for people with bad credit, bankruptcy, collections and judgements.
A world of information is at your fingertips. Contact us if you need any additional information. Thanks for stopping by!


Fine wines, cheese plates and small bites…what more could we ask for? The original Vinos is on Duval Street in Key West; we've got the other two. The first 954 location is on Las Olas; more recently it's been joined by the one on the Galt. The cozy spot features unique décor, for example the flying Superman action figure propped among umbrellas with images of the sky on them. Vinos also offers fun events like wine tastings and music nights.


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Resource Page / Application Notes / Optics / The Complexities of High-Power Optical Coatings
The Complexities of High-Power Optical Coatings http://www.edmundoptics.eu/knowledge-center/application-notes/optics/the-complexities-of-high-power-optical-coatings/
Edmund Optics Inc. http://www.edmundoptics.eu
The Complexities of High-Power Optical Coatings
Importance | Fabrication | Testing
In today's optics industry, many precision optical elements receive coatings in order to improve their transmission or reflection for certain wavelengths or polarization states. The most common types of coatings are anti-reflection (AR), high-reflective (mirror), beamsplitter, and filter. For more information on these coatings, view An Introduction to Optical Coatings.
As technology and industry evolve, many optical systems have come to rely on high-power laser sources. While standard coating technology can provide cost-efficient, easily reproducible precision results, there are limitations to the durability of standard coatings, particularly when subjected to high intensity irradiation. As a result, specialized high-power optical coatings are often required. High-power optical coatings can be applied to a range of optical elements, such as optical lenses, mirrors, windows, optical filters, polarizers, beamsplitters, and diffraction gratings.
When considering what constitutes a high-power optical system, it is important to note that no universally-applicable energy threshold exists. Many manufacturers use rule-of-thumb estimates for the minimum intensity level, but the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) is largely dependent on the application. A reasonable definition is that a high-power optical system is one which has the potential to damage any of the coatings in use.
To understand the complexities of high-power optical coatings, consider their importance, fabrication methods, and testing procedures. Understanding each allows one to pick the best optics for the application at hand.
Importance of High-Power Optical Coatings
The optical coating is generally the limiting factor in the performance ability of a high-power laser system. For example, the most common failure mode of high-power optical coatings results from the presence of absorption sites within the coating or at the coating's interface with the substrate or air. These absorption sites are usually in the form of gross defects that absorb laser energy, resulting in heat generation that causes localized melting or thermal stress factors. Failure by this mechanism is usually catastrophic. Figures 1a – 1d show real-world images of coating failures at relatively low LIDTs due to poor process control and coating defects.
On the other hand, an example of non-catastrophic coating failure is plasma burn, which results from 1 - 5μm unoxidized metallic nodules within the coating. Interestingly, some manufacturers intentionally initiate plasma burns in order to remove these defect nodules.
Regardless of the type of damage, coating failure irrevocably and adversely affects the transmitted wavefront. This can have a drastic effect on system performance, but can also be costly when the time comes to replace the damaged optics. For these obvious reasons, it is crucial for optical designers to be aware of the source being used in conjunction with the coated elements in the system.
Figure 1a: Coating Failure from 11.77 J/cm2,
20ns Pulses @ 1064nm Wavelength Source due to Poor Process Control
Figure 1b: Coating Failure from 12.92 J/cm2,
Figure 1c: Coating Failure from 14.3 J/cm2,
Figure 1d: Coating Failure from 73.3 J/cm2
Source due to Coating Defect
Fabrication of High-Power Optical Coatings
Any organic or particulate residue from polishing or cleaning may absorb laser energy and is therefore a potential damage site. For this reason, the substrate and coating interface is a critical area in achieving high damage thresholds. Consequently, making high-power optical coatings requires tight control of every aspect of production, from initial substrate manufacturing to final packing. Before the optical element even reaches the coating chamber, its surface quality, subsurface quality, and cleanliness must be assured.
Substrates for use with high-power optical coatings must be high-quality. This is particularly important for refractive, or transmissive, optics - these substrates must demonstrate extremely low intrinsic absorption at the relevant wavelengths. To maximize transmission, it is important for the substrate to have as few surface quality defects as possible, as they can act as potential damage sites during irradiation. Surface quality is specified in terms of a scratch and dig value (the scratch number in units of .001mm, the dig number in units of .01mm). High-power laser optics typically call for less than 20-10 or 10-5 scratch-dig surface values.
The substrate must also be free of subsurface defects. This can be avoided through proper machining, grinding, and polishing methods prior to cleaning and coating. The first step is to begin with a blank large enough to allow for all necessary substrate removal. When machining, coating technicians carefully choose the appropriate tool feed, tool speed, and coolant flow in order to reduce subsurface stress and damage. Grinding is then done in incrementally smaller steps so as to achieve a more controlled surface. Finally, roughly 0.01 - 0.03mm is removed by polishing, which is used to remove subsurface damage caused by the previous steps.
A clean coating chamber, appropriate choice of thin-film materials, and good control of process parameters are also essential. After deposition, coating technicians must carefully control contamination, which may lead to the formation of failure-inducing absorption sites. For this reason, meticulous cleaning procedures are also required at the assembly stage, typically under strict clean-room operating conditions.
This sensitivity to organic or particulate residue presents a very real challenge to coating technicians and underscores the importance of a thorough cleaning process. Clean-rooms are essential for minimizing the risk of recontamination after cleaning the optical element to be coated. Most manufacturers use lint-free wipes without silicone constituents when manually cleaning in their final clean process. Additionally, they use solvents of extremely high purity - typically, methanol, isopropanol, or acetone. Ultrasonic cleaning can be another useful tool as it is more effective (and less error-prone) at dislodging residual polishing compounds than cleaning by hand.
A typical multi-stage manual process includes a surfactant wash and several wipes with an ammonia solution followed by a drag-wipe technique. This drag-wipe stage produces very high shear forces, resulting in the removal of any remaining contaminants from the material's surface.
Contaminants from the tools and walls of the coating chamber itself can also contribute to contamination of the substrate to be coated. For example, backstreaming can occur with an inefficient diffusion pump, resulting in organic contamination. Meanwhile, if excess material on the chamber walls is not removed prior to deposition, it can begin to flake off and loose particulates can be transferred onto the optical element. Preventing this is as easy as lining the walls with foil and periodically replacing it when it begins to exhibit excess material buildup.
Different materials are necessary when operating within certain wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum such as the ultraviolet (UV) or the visible/near-infrared (VIS-NIR) regions. Different materials are also used depending on whether or not the application calls for high-power continuous or high-power pulse irradiation. For example, continuous-wave (CW) lasers can cause an optical coating to heat up and melt, whereas short-pulse lasers can generate high-intensity electromagnetic fields.
Unfortunately, coating designers are limited by the number of materials suited for high-power applications. For example, high-reflective mirror coatings are created by alternating quarter-wavelength thick layers of high-index and low-index materials. The design of this stack of materials can significantly alter the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the coating. For instance, simply adding a half-wave thick layer of low-index material can drastically increase the LIDT. When choosing the appropriate low-index and high-index materials, coating technicians favor dielectric metal oxides because of their low absorptivity. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is the generally accepted and ubiquitous choice for low-index layers; however, choosing a material for the high-index layers is not as straightforward: oxides of titanium, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium, scandium, and niobium are all popular choices.
Coating Design
LIDT values can be further increased by manipulating the coating layers in one of several ways. The electric-field distribution can be averaged across several layers, thereby avoiding a high electric-field concentration within a relatively small number of layers. Figures 2a – 2b show the normalized electric-field intensity (EFI) squared within a reflecting quarter-wave dielectric stack. The peak EFI values occur at layer interfaces and the highest EFIs occur at the layers closest to the air boundary. These EFI values can be reduced, however, by modifying the thicknesses of the four layers closest to air in a nine-layer stack. This has the effect of shifting the high-intensity resonant peaks from layer interfaces to locations within the film continuum. The highest-intensity resonant peaks can be positioned within the layers of the thin-film material demonstrating the highest damage threshold.
Figure 2a: Comparison of EFI to Layer within a Nine-Layer Stack Design
Figure 2b: Comparison of EFI to Layer within a Nine-Layer Stack Design with Layer Thicknesses Optimized to Decrease EFI
Coating Methods
As with standard optical coatings, there are three deposition methods available to coating technicians: thermal evaporation, ion-beam technology, and advanced plasma reactive sputtering (APRS). However, not all are suitable for high-power optical coatings.
The thermal evaporation method is the most common method of producing high-power optical coatings in industry today, and Edmund Optics® is no exception. When enhanced with ion-assisted deposition (IAD), the thermal evaporation method (Figure 3) allows for more compact coatings with properties closer to those of the bulk materials. IAD also allows for greater control over layer thicknesses, which can decrease EFI values.
Figure 3: Evaporation Chamber with Ion-Assisted Deposition (IAD) Technology
Ion-beam technology is now a recognized and widely used tool in the manufacture of thin-film coatings, either as an enhancement to thermal evaporation (IAD) or as a sputtering technology (ion-beam sputtering (IBS)). IBS is an advanced deposition technique, but conclusive evidence does not exist to support it produces higher damage thresholds than the thermal evaporation method.
The advanced plasma reactive sputtering (APRS) technique is a state-of-the-art process, but is only used in applications with very tight specifications. For example, non-polarizing plate beamsplitters are candidates for APRS because of the low tolerances on S-polarized and P-polarized light separation. APRS is rarely used with conventional optical elements because certain substrates which are best-suited for high-power applications cannot be sputtered with this method. In addition, evaporation usually has a greater capacity than APRS, meaning it can hold more substrates per coating run.
Coating Process Control
Many parameters play critical roles in the deposition of a high-power optical coating, including the rate of deposition, substrate temperature, oxygen partial pressure (used in designs including dielectric metal oxides), thickness calibration, material-melt preconditioning, and electron-gun sweep. A poorly controlled evaporation process produces spatter from the source, resulting in particulate condensates on the substrate surface and within the depositing coating. These condensates are potential damage defect sites. Unfortunately, some materials that can be used for high-damage-threshold coatings are difficult to deposit smoothly. The settings applied to the electron-gun sweep can be the difference between the production of a clear, high-damage-threshold coating and the production of a high-scatter coating with a much lower power capability.
The rate of deposition, substrate temperature, and oxygen partial pressure (for dielectric oxides) determine the stoichiometry of the growing film, which significantly affects the metal oxide chemistry in the depositing film. These parameters must be optimized and controlled to produce a homogeneous layer with the desired metal-oxygen content and structure.
In producing high-power anti-reflection (AR) coatings, thickness accuracy of the depositing films is an important factor in meeting the desired low reflectance. High-power high-reflective (mirror) coatings are generally less sensitive to small thickness errors as a result of relatively broad reflectance band afforded by the refractive index ratio of the high and low index layers. Deep-UV (DUV) mirror coatings are an exception, however, because material limitations in this spectral range produce relatively narrowband reflectors.
Testing High-Power Optical Coatings
Testing facilities offer a variety of tests that can determine the quality of a certain optical coating - from surface roughness and optical density to environmental exposure. For the purpose of this discussion, only the two methods of testing laser damage durability will be discussed: Damage Threshold Test and Durability Certification.
Damage Threshold Test (a.k.a. test until failure) - The optical coating is tested by irradiating the surface with a laser and increasing the output power until damage is observed. See Figures 1a - 1d for some real-world images of coating failures.
Durability Certification - The optical coating is tested according to a pre-determined specification or combination of specifications. Possible testing parameters include pulse rate, pulse duration, pulse count, irradiance, and/or beam diameter. The optical coating passes inspection only if it meets or exceeds the requirements set by the customer or manufacturer.
Coating Failure Factors
Coating technicians carefully monitor the effects of varying a number of testing parameters when testing high-power optical coatings. These same parameters are therefore important to optical designers when attempting to prevent laser damage. The following characteristics represent a few of the many parameters that can affect the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of an optical coating:
Pulse Characteristics:
Duration - a measure of the length of an individual laser pulse (typically on the order of nanoseconds). This measurement is not as straightforward for non-rectangular pulses and is given as the full width of the pulse at half the maximum intensity (FWHM). LIDT values decrease exponentially as temporal pulse duration increases.
Shape - the temporal shape of the laser pulse (i.e. rectangular, triangular, Gaussian, etc.). Research has indicated that different shapes do have an impact on optical damage. For example, a rectangular pulse will result in coating damage at approximately 80% of the irradiance of a Gaussian beam with the same FWHM.
Beam Characteristics:
Mode of operation - transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave patterns. LIDT values are much lower for multimode lasers as opposed to single mode lasers.
Wavelength - the wavelength of the laser source. LIDT values decrease as the wavelength decreases.
Intensity distribution - the distribution of energy intensity over the width of the beam (Gaussian is typical for most testing lasers as it is the most common in industry).
Angle of incidence - the angle at which the beam is deviated from the surface normal. LIDT values increase for increased values of angle of incidence due to increased reflection.
Spot size - the size of the beam on the surface of the coating. This measurement is taken using the full width of the beam at 1/e² intensity, where e is the maximum intensity value. LIDT values decrease as spot size decreases.
It is important for an optical designer to pay close attention to the characteristics of an optical coating with respect to those of the intended source of irradiation. While not usually an issue with most low-power consumer lasers, higher-powered lasers used in the optics, imaging, and photonics industries can lead to coating failure due to absorption sites or plasma burn. Optical designers and manufacturers can take steps to avoid such failures by carefully choosing an appropriate coating material, keeping a clean coating environment, and then testing the optical element for a given energy threshold specification.
Berman, Joann, and David B. Valentine. "Fabrication and Testing of Laser Optics: An Overview." SPIE Proceedings Vol. 607: Optical Component Specifications for Laser-Based Systems and Other Modern Optical Systems, July 14, 1986, 46-55.
Blackman, Greg. "The Key to Coatings." ElectroOptics.com. December/January 2009/2010. Accessed April 26, 2011. http://www.electrooptics.com/features/feature.php?feature_id=132.
Carr, C. W., J. B. Trenholme, and M. L. Spaeth. "Effect of Temporal Pulse Shape on Optical Damage." Applied Physics Letters 90, no. 4 (January 25, 2007).
Czajkowski, Amber. "Design and Development of Non-Polarizing Beam Splitters to Promote Efficient Manufacturing." Thesis, University of Arizona, 2009.
Czajkowski, Amber. "Optical Coating Technology and Applications: Past and Present to Future." Photonik International, January 2010, 10-13.
Guenther, K. H., T. W. Humphreys, J. Balmer, J. R. Bettis, E. Casparis, J. Ebert, M. Eichner, A. H. Guenther, E. Kiesel, R. Kuehnel, D. Milam, W. Ryseck, S. C. Seitel, A. F. Stewart, H. Weber, G. R. Wirtenson, and R. M. Wood. "1.06-um Laser Damage of Thin Film Optical Coatings: A Round-robin Experiment Involving Various Pulse Lengths and Beam Diameters."Selected Papers on Characterization of Optical Coatings MS63 (November 1, 1992): 405-14.
Kozlowski, M. R., C. R. Wolfe, M. C. Staggs, and J. H. Campbell. "Large Area Laser Conditioning of Dielectric Thin Film Mirrors." SPIE Proceedings Vol. 1438: Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1989, November 1, 1990, 376-92.
Macmillan, Iain. "Creating High-Power Optical Coatings Is Complex." Laser Focus World. May 1, 2002. Accessed April 23, 2011. http://www.laserfocusworld.com/articles/print/volume-38/issue-5/features/optical-coatings/creating-high-power-optical-coatings-is-complex.html.
Macmillan, Iain, and Martin Weinacht. "Creating Complex Coatings." Optik & Photonik 5, no. 2 (February 4, 2011): 50-52.
Manenkov, Alexander A., and Vladimir S. Nechitailo. "Physics of Multishot Laser Damage to Optical Materials." SPIE Proceedings Vol. 1441: Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials, June 1, 1991, 392-405.
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Laser Damage Threshold Testing
Learn about laser damage threshold (LDT) to ensure superior results and long product lifetime and to avoid damage to your laser optics.
Designed or tested for use with lasers, check out our selection of laser grade lenses, mirrors, filters, optics assemblies, and more.
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An Introduction to Optical Coatings
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Despite the plethora of studies regarding bullying worldwide, there are limited studies at the early childhood level. This article presents the results of a pilot study aiming at exploring preservice and in-service early childhood teachers' views on bullying in Greek early childhood settings. A total of 192 early childhood teachers completed a questionnaire containing six vignettes and questions regarding the seriousness of the incidents, feelings toward the students involved, and methods of intervention. Results indicated that early childhood teachers considered social bullying to be less serious than the other forms of bullying, displayed less sympathy for victims of social bullying, and were less likely to intervene in social bullying incidents; they varied their actions toward bullies and victims according to the type of bullying behavior.


I have an Elation Magic 260 controller. Is it possible to control the Inno Pocket Wash in 19 or 21 channel mode with my controller? I ask because the maximum number of channels per fixture on the Magic 260 seems to be 16.
The maximum number of channels on the Magic 260 is 16 and no more. It will not control more channels. The WiFLY WLC 16 will give you 32 channels per fixture.
What ADJ bag would you recommend for 2 or more fixtures?
The F4P586 or F4 Par bag will carry 2 units. I do not make a larger bag for this kind of light.
I have the pocket spot and the wash. Can I connect them as master slave even though they are different lights? I made my own Dmx cable and when I connect them they move together but one of them won't turn on. Thank you in advance.
It will not work. You need to have the spots reperate from the wash fixtures in order to do master & slave. Let me know if you have any further questions.
The video and photos on you site shows the units mounted horizontal but the manual clearly states that the unit should only be mounted vertically. Is horizontal mounting allowed ?
In order to avoid internal damage, it is not recommended to mount this fixture horizontally. Straight up or straight down only.
The Mini-O-Clamp from ADJ gives lighting designers additional space to hang lighting fixtures. It's designed to fit on horizontal and diagonal truss braces. Bring safety and stability to your performance with this clamp. It tightens down securely to ensure you get that locked in feel.


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The Rob Guest Endowment Grand Final Concert
The Rob Guest Endowment Grand Final Concert Tickets
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About The Rob Guest Endowment Grand Final Concert
The Rob Guest Endowment Grand Final Concert will be a night of exhilarating musical entertainment as six young musical theatre artists perform live and compete to win the $20,000 cash prize in this grand final event.
Hosted by Lucy Durack and Penny McNamee, they will perform alongside some of Australia's most loved stars including Paulini, principal cast members of Aladdin, the Helpmann Award-winning Molly Barwick, Sasha Rose, Georgia Taplin and Bella Thomas who originated the role of Matilda in Australia, and cast members from Dream Lover – The Bobby Darin Musical. Be there as the industry comes together for an incredible night not to be missed. One night only and only in Sydney. Be part of something extraordinary.


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Rossendale infections surge as weekly coronavirus rate for every area of Lancashire revealed
Infection rates have risen in Pendle, Preston, Burnley, Hyndburn, Ribble Valley and Blackpool but dropped for Blackburn with Darwen, Chorley, Fylde, Wyre and Lancaster
Rossendale's infection rate is now the fifth highest in England (Image: Andrew Gentry)
Rossendale has seen a huge week-on-week jump of coronavirus cases, according to the new weekly infection rates of every local authority in England.
The area has recorded 35 new cases in the seven days to August 29, compared to nine the week before, pushing it above Blackburn with Darwen and into the top five infection rates in the country.
Figures from Public Health England and analysed by LancsLive also shows there has been 31 new cases in the last three days across the Valley with daily increases of 16, seven and eight.
It comes less than a week after local lockdown restrictions were lifted in Rossendale after a fall in new cases.
In Pendle, 66 new cases were recorded in the seven days to August 29 – the equivalent of 71.7 per 100,000 people. This is the highest rate in England, and it is up slightly from 68.4 in the seven days to August 22.
Infection rates also rose for Preston, Burnley, Hyndburn, Ribble Valley and Blackpool but dropped for Blackburn with Darwen, Chorley, Fylde, Wyre and Lancaster.
South Ribble and West Lancashire's infection rate remained unchanged.
New Lancashire coronavirus cases as three areas see large rises
New Covid-19 symptoms showing in kids which are very different to those in adults
The rate is expressed as the number of new cases per 100,000 people.
Data for the most recent three days (August 30-September 1) has been excluded as it is incomplete and likely to be revised.
The list has been calculated by the PA news agency and is based on Public Health England data published on September 1 on the Government's coronavirus online dashboard.
Lancashire's latest infection rates
From left to right, it reads: name of local authority; rate of new cases in the seven days to August 29; number (in brackets) of new cases recorded in the seven days to August 29; rate of new cases in the seven days to August 22; number (in brackets) of new cases recorded in the seven days to August 22.
Pendle 71.7 (66), 68.4 (63) ↑
Rossendale 49.0 (35), 12.6 (9) ↑
Blackburn with Darwen 48.8 (73), 57.4 (86) ↓
Preston 32.8 (47), 25.8 (37) ↑
Burnley 28.1 (25), 24.7 (22) ↑
Hyndburn 24.7 (20), 21.0 (17) ↑
Ribble Valley 19.7 (12), 13.1 (8) ↑
Blackpool 9.3 (13), 5.7 (8) ↑
Chorley 6.8 (8), 8.5 (10) ↓
South Ribble 6.3 (7), 6.3 (7) →
West Lancashire 5.2 (6), 5.2 (6) →
Fylde 5.0 (4), 6.2 (5) ↓
Wyre 4.5 (5), 5.4 (6) ↓
Lancaster 2.7 (4), 7.5 (11) ↓
Keep up to date with coronavirus cases in your area by using your postcode below
West Lancs


Don't open the door. Don't answer your phone. And, whatever you do, DON'T turn on your computer . . .
Cole and Greg love playing practical jokes through Wikipedia. They edit key articles and watch their classmates crash and burn giving oral reports on Genghis Khan, the first female astronaut on Jupiter. So after the star soccer player steals Cole's girlfriend, the boys take their revenge by creating a Wikipedia page for him, an entry full of outlandish information including details about his bizarre death on the soccer field.


The Hong Kong Arts Festival is a non-profit organization. We need your support to continue commissioning innovative and daring new creations!
Donate Now or download PDF donation form HERE.
Without our donors' generous support, it would be difficult to commission so many new works. To ensure that our local arts scene continues to flourish, please support the New Works Scheme.
For details, please contact the Development Department by phone at (852) 2828 4911/13, by fax at (852) 2824 3722 or by email at dev@hkaf.org.
Sponsors & donors play an important role in sustaining the Festival's growth. Why not join them and DONATE to the Festival now?


A sliding glass door or patio door, is a type of sliding door in architecture and construction, is a large glass window opening in a structure that provide door access from a room to the outdoors, fresh air, and copious natural light.
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Shawn Keeler joined MMA as Vice President of Analytical Consulting. Shawn was most recently the North America Life Science lead for the Personalization and Customer Analytics practice at Accenture Interactive.
He brings more than twenty years of analytic leadership experience designing and implementing data-driven marketing solutions across the healthcare, insurance, and financial services industries.
Prior to Accenture, Shawn was the Vice President and General Manager of Merkle|Brilig, a leading Digital Data Exchange, where he built and delivered custom segments for targeted display and social media. He also led Merkle's Life Science Analytics practice, where he developed a team to design and optimize cross-channel CRM campaigns for pharmaceutical clients.
Shawn earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics from Colby College and a Master of Business Administration from New York University's Stern School of Business.


Fraps Free Download – Fraps is a video recording software which is easy to use and very popular among youtubers. You can easily record Fraps without hassle and view your frames per seconds on any game you play. Learn how to download and Install fraps for free in this article and be sure to share with your friends.
Fraps is a video recording software which is easy to use and very popular among youtube content creators. The number of users have skyrocketed over the years and remains one of the easiest and best recording software for videos. This article will tell you how to download Fraps full version for FREE. Not only can you record videos, but you can also take screenshots of the games you are playing and control the background audio of your game. You can record as long as you want and aren't capped with 30 seconds like the free version. On top of all that, you can even measure your frames per second while gaming.
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Click the download button below to start Fraps Free Download. It is the full version of Fraps. Don't forget to share with your friends.


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Students protest against Liverpool university's claim that support for strike is 'unlawful'
Students block building access as universities are accused of strong-arm tactics to disrupt staff strikes
Rachel Hall and David Batty
Fri 29 Nov 2019 11.27 EST Last modified on Mon 2 Dec 2019 07.08 EST
Students blockaded a building at the University of Liverpool this morning to show solidarity with striking staff. Photograph: Ché Spencer Pote
Students at the University of Liverpool blocked senior managers from entering their offices this morning in protest at an email sent by the university warning students that it is "unlawful" for them to join pickets in support of striking lecturers.
The blockade took place on the fifth day of strikes over pay and pensions involving 60,000 members of the University and College Union. The students erected barriers in front of doors and put up banners voicing students' solidarity.
I'm striking because insecure academic contracts are ruining my mental health | Sarah Darley
The blockade at three entrances of the university's Foundation Building was organised in response to an email sent by pro vice-chancellor Prof Gavin Brown on 22 November. He warned students that if they do not attend teaching sessions held during the strikes they "will be marked as absent, which will have an effect on [their] attendance record".
Prof Brown added that alternative learning materials may not be made available for students who fail to attend classes, and that the university "will not give consideration at exam boards" for absent students.
Similar to some other universities, the email warned international students that if they choose not to cross picket lines to attend teaching sessions, they "risk jeopardising their visa".
Ché Spencer Pote, a third-year history and sociology student at the university involved in the blockade, said the students were motivated by the "hostile environment that's coming from the management of the university".
"It became clear very quickly that the university wasn't willing to talk about [the strikes] or listen to any other kind of views, and they were stopping our right to picket which they have no right to do," she said.
Pote said she has not seen evidence that other universities have issued similar warnings. "That's what made it so shocking, the University of Liverpool seems to have taken it a step further than everyone else."
Spencer Pote described the response from private security as "forceful". "It was very much a peaceful protest, we were just sitting in deckchairs in front of the entrance, and they did forcibly remove us from one of the entrances while threatening arrest," she said.
University and College Union general secretary Jo Grady said Liverpool's response mirrored similar strong-arm responses aimed at disrupting the strike deployed by other universities. "Tactics employed by universities to threaten, confuse or intimidate staff and students are a silly sideshow by universities desperate to avoid actually engaging with the issues at the heart of the disputes. We warned earlier in the week that these types of tactics failed last year, only hardening strikers' resolve and angering students," she said.
"Let me be clear, if universities want to resolve the disputes and avoid further disruption, they will achieve that by talking to us, not by threatening staff and students."
On 22 November, a pro vice-chancellor at the University of Birmingham, Tim Jones, sent an email to staff warning that picketing would be considered trespassing since the university campus is private land. One thousand people have since signed a petition – including several legal academics – calling on Jones to withdraw his claims or provide legal justification.
The legal academics write in the petition that the university is a public authority under the Human Rights Act 1998, and as such "the rights to protest and to engage in industrial action are protected by articles 10 and 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights".
Meanwhile, students at the University of Birmingham are calling on their students' union, the Birmingham Guild of Students, to support the strikes, rather than staying neutral. Students have asked that the Guild give up its rooms for teach-outs, which would allow learning to continue during the strike outside of the university, however they have so far been refused.
University staff: use this week's strike to protest against the hostile environment | Unis Resist Border Controls
Sheffield Hallam University has also been accused on social media of asking students to spy on lecturers by requesting that students complete a record of missed teaching.
A University of Liverpool spokesperson said: "We respect our students' rights to support the industrial action, should they wish to do so. However it is important that they have the necessary information to do so lawfully. Whilst there are some good sources of information on this, including in UCU materials, we were made aware of inaccuracies from other sources which we sought to clarify."
She added: "A small number of students temporarily blocked access to one of our buildings this morning. They were asked to grant access to staff and agreed to do so."
A spokesperson for the University of Birmingham disputed that the university had said participating in the strike constituted trespassing.
He said: "We have worked with UCU's designated picket supervisor during the current industrial action and pickets have been held every day at the locations agreed with UCU, which are at all of the main entrances to campus. There is a long tradition of pickets being held safely and peacefully at these locations by a number of unions. This is what they have proposed to do in line with the Government's code of practice on picketing. This approach to the location of pickets being outside of premises is common across higher education and other sectors .
"Our focus remains on ensuring the safety of all our staff irrespective of whether they are striking, as well as that of students and visitors."
A spokesperson for Sheffield Hallam said: "We have put in place a number of measures to help ensure that we have the clearest possible picture of any activities impacted. This will enable us to make alternative arrangements where required, in order to ensure that student learning opportunities are maintained. This is particularly important as staff aren't obliged to tell the University of their decision to take industrial action in advance of planned activities. The form is one of a number of channels available to help us understand which sessions have not taken place."
This article was updated on 2 December to include further comment from the University of Liverpool
Pensions industry


Get into your submarine and go pearl-fishing in addictive underwater puzzle. You'll meet exotic marine animals and reveal the secrets of seabed while making combos out of colorful pearls.
You're here. tourism. fishing tours. For the fishing trip, a Fisheries Conservancy Board rod license for game or coarse fishing.
80 Fish drawings by H.L. Todd. These remarkable drawings by H.L.Todd were done for the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries in the 1880s.
Fish and Log is an angler's catch log that lets you record your catches.


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Greenhouse gas emissions up 6% in EU compared to 2021
Eurostat attributes the increase to last year's inactivity during the lockdown.
Smog casts over the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. (Getty Images)
In the first quarter of 2022, the volume of greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union has increased by 6% compared to the same period last year, according to the EU statistical office Eurostat.
"In the first quarter of 2022, EU economy greenhouse gas emissions totaled 1.029 million tonnes of CO2-equivalents, a 7% and 6% increase compared with the same quarter of 2020 and 2021, but still below pre-COVID levels registered in the first quarter of 2019, when the EU economy emitted 1.035 million tonnes of CO2-equivalents," Eurostat said in a statement.
The increase in CO2 emissions is largely due to the effect of an economic rebound after a steep decline due to inactivity during COVID-19 lockdowns, according to the statement.
The Union has vowed to reach a net-zero emission goal by 2050 - the EU's climate-neutral goal will need an energy production and consumption restructuring, in addition to a serious emission reduction and more renewable energy alternatives.
Read next: EDO: 60% of Europe facing drought warning or alerts
Last month, more than 1,100 died in both Spain and Portugal combined due to the heatwave that is ravaging Europe.
As the climate crisis worsens, governments seem to be taking little to no action to assist citizens with the proper measures to deal with the scorching heat.
The heatwave is caused by the emissions of greenhouse gases, which created a build-up in the earth's atmosphere and caused the climate to heat further above its usual levels.
In France and the UK, "red" alerts were issued as a consequence of rising temperatures. For the UK, it was the first time ever that the nation issued a heat-related warning, cautioning that there was a "risk to life".
One city in southwest France, Gironde, evacuated more than 16,000 residents due to the ravaging wildfires that devoured over 13,000 hectares of vegetation in the Bordeaux region in six days.
Read more: Europe swelters in record-breaking June heatwave
STOP THE HEAT: A Climate Change Coverage
Rich EU consumers 'outsource' environmental impact to poorer neighbors
US unprepared for potential war with China: Study


Inspired by the hilarious storytelling of Rosa (5) and Oliver (6) – the children of two blogger mummies: Charlotte Philby from Motherland and Vicki from Honest Mum, this project aimed to celebrate the creativeness of children whilst emphasising the importance of playful learning about nutrition at home.
Qian worked closely with creative team from Lost Boys to visualise the wild imagination of the two children and had a lot of fun during the process.
Sit back and enjoy the fantastical minds of our creative newcomers.


Last year Starwood Preferred Guest launched a redemption promotion where SPG members could redeem award nights at 35% off at 8 of Starwood's most expensive resorts. This offer that was initially valid until February 28, 2017 has now been extended until next year through February 2018.
Just like last year there are 8 resorts participating. The amazing this is that there are no black out dates that apply and award stays under this promotion will count towards the elite status milestones.
While the promotion website is still not updated, we've heard that the participating resorts are accepting reservations under this promotion.
Redemption nights start at 26,000 Starpoints in Thailand and French Polynesia and go all way up to 58,500 Starpoints for the W Retreat and Spa in the Maldives. You can also combine the 5th night free offer along with the 35% off which will further bring down the cost by another 20%. Hence a 5 night stay at The Naka Island, Phuket that usually costs 1,60,000 Starpoints can be availed at 1,04,000 Starpoints. That's a very sweet deal !
Though something to keep in mind is that award nights under this offer cannot be booked online and you will need to call the SPG contact center for reservations and quote the offer. Also, there is no upper limit on the numbers of times you can use this offer to make award bookings during the promotion period.
Also, last year onwards SPG and Club ITC members can use their points on each other's properties. So if you are falling short of Starwood points and have a Club ITC points you can always convert your ITC Club Green points to Starpoints in the ratio of 2:1.
This promotion is making some of the best resorts accessible at a really good deal. If you have been planning on redeeming your stash of Starpoints for a vacation then this is a great promotion to make use of especially with the 5th night free.
I'm already counting my SPG points for Koh Samui. What about you?
Every time I call for the st regis bora bora, they cannot find this offer. Is there a code or something they can reference?


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Animal Rights— The right of animals to be free from exploitation, domination and abuse by humans.
Domesticated and Feral Animals— Domesticated: Trained or adapted to be of use to humans. Feral: Returned to an untamed state after domestication.
Free-living Animals & Their Environment— To live free, animals need a place to live.
Wildlife Law Program— The Wildlife Law Program focuses on the defense of wildlife and their habitats throughout the world.
Primarily Primates— FoA has joined with the nation's original primate sanctuary, Primarily Primates.
Spaying & Neutering— Since 1957, FoA has facilitated over two million spay/neuter procedures.
Vegan Advocacy— The direct application of the principles of animal rights.
Chimpanzee Refuge Project— The Gambian Chimpanzee Sanctuary
In Our View— Read Friends of Animals' views on pressing animal protection issues.
Take Action— Help save America's wild horses.
News— Get up-to-date on the latest stories, investigations and alerts.
FoA in the News— We've been in the news! See FoA's press appearances in this section
Press Releases— Find an archive of all our releases here.
Sixty Minutes Interview— 60 Minutes interview of Friends of Animals.
All Articles Summer/Fall 2020— Browse the full edition of our magazine
Pandemic Prevention– FoA takes on 'miracle cure' industry
Let Your Garden Grow— FoA is shifting minds & diets in Senegal
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In Philadelphia Area, SuTao Celebrates Chinese New Year With Cultural and Culinary Enrichment!
Home > News & Alerts > Vegetarianism &Veganism > In Philadelphia Area, SuTao Celebrates Chinese New Year With Cultural and Culinary Enrichment!
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FoA and CARE members enjoy a vegan version of the festive holiday at SuTao Café in Malvern, Pennsylvania
Introduction to the Chinese New Year Traditions.
The New Year (the Year of the Rat) started on 7 February 2008 and festivities in the Chinese tradition continue through to the weekend of 23-24 February. On the third day of the festival, the Philadelphia area vegan café SuTao holds a special introduction to the traditions, and a demonstration of the preparation of dumplings and spring rolls.
First, co-founder Susan Wu introduces the traditions with an animated computer display. Guests learn how to wish each other Happy New Year in Chinese, and hear that the New Year is the major celebration in Chinese culture. People prepare for a month approaching the festivities. It is particularly important to please the God of the Kitchen, who will go up to Heaven and report on how people are doing on Earth. Food is also prepared for the family ancestors (who, according to the tradition, will appreciate beholding the effort before the living descendants enjoy the dishes).
Susan Wu, co-founder of SuTao Café
Susan has rolled the flour and water into a long roll, then cut it horizontally into many small rounds. These will now be placed (with the cut sides positioned on the top and bottom) on the cutting board and rolled out into flattened circles. The circles will be a little thicker in the middle, where the filling will be placed. The outer edges will be thin and become the seal that closes the pockets.
Susan teaching Lee the finer points
Friends of Animals legal director Lee Hall learns to roll dumpling pockets. One hand keeps turning the circle as the other hand quickly works the wooden roller. This makes the edges thinner than the middle of the circles. In the traditional celebration, a few dumplings are eaten at the stroke of midnight — not too many, because everyone is already full from the New Year's Eve festivities.
Lee gets the hang of rolling
Lee gets the hang of the dumpling-rolling technique. In addition to eating dumplings at the stroke of midnight on New Year's Eve, it's also important to eat them on the fifth full day of the New Year (which will fall on the 12th of February) because according to the tradition a mean spirit shows up that day and must be contained in the pockets of the dumplings.
SuTao's youngest dumpling chef, Seamus, concentrates on the ancient art.
Once the circles are all rolled out, the filling will be placed on the middles for enclosing into a pocket shape. This pocket resembles the traditional coin purse of the spirit of prosperity. A traditional greeting is: May you make lots of money in the New Year! The elder family members give the younger ones money in a red envelope with traditional decorations, sometimes including popular cartoon characters like Barney or Winnie the Pooh.
Learning the technique of folding the pockets.
Here, members of the Delaware Valley group CARE (Compassion for Animals, Respect for the Environment)fashion the filling into some smart-looking pockets.
The basic idea, says Susan, is to fold the circle over the filling into a half-moon. Then take each side edge and fold up to the curve. The edge of the curve can be fluted as you go so it resembles the edge of a pie crust.
The finished pockets will be quickly boiled. They can be served that way (as steamed dumplings) or they can then be lightly fried. Both ways are delicious. Attendees will share and enjoy their own dumplings and rolls as part of the buffet to follow.
In the tradition, fish are always eaten as the New Year begins, and part of the fish is saved at the end of the meal to represent properity through the year. At SuTao, the all-vegetarian fish dish is a wonderfully light and delicious dish, created with flaked pressed soybean and a delicate seaweed skin, garnished with spring onion. Very little of it is saved after the CARE and Friends of Animals group hits the buffet…
Coming Event: From 1 pm to 5 pm on the 24th, SuTao will celebrate the Lantern Festival (conclusion of the New Year festivities) with a hands-on experience of making sweet rice balls, a dessert that must always be served on the occasion, followed by a special buffet.
For more about SuTao, see our review here.
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Featured Stories Politics
by Dr. Patrick Slattery	 August 23, 2019 4,577 Views
By Dr. Patrick Slattery — When Donald Trump rode down the escalator with Melania at Trump Tower in June 2015 and announced his long-shot bid in a crowded field for the Republican nomination for President of the United States, no one in the media expected him to go far. They were proven wrong, in no small part due to the enthusiastic support Trump got from the "far right" (i.e. the Alt-right, paleocons, white nationalists, even peaceniks from a bygone era) and their arsenal of memes and podcasts. They were attracted by Trump's signature issue of clamping down on immigration, both illegal and legal, as well as other positions he took on ending overseas military interventions and improving relations with Russia.
These people now feel betrayed as none of these policies has come into fruition. Immigration has reached record levels under Donald Trump. Moreover, the most vocal supporters of his 2016 election have become the victims of deplatforming, harassment lawsuits, and worse over their wrongthink, while Trump has failed to lift a finger in their defense.
So it should come as no surprise that these neglected Trump supporters should look elsewhere, and many have come to see Tulsi Gabbard as an intriguing alternative.
Tusli has already faced hostile questioning from the media over support she has received from the likes of David Duke and Andrew Anglin. It is an awkward position for her to be put in, because there is little to be gained from appearing to defend the most vilified people in the country. So let me give a straightforward answer to why the "far right" is taking a look at Tulsi.
Her signature issue is stopping what she calls "regime change wars" and ending the "New Cold War" with Russia. It just so happens that practically the only people for whom ending the wars is a political priority are the "far right." The far left, as represented by Antifa and their cohorts, violently attacked an anti-war rally organized by Richard Spencer in front of the White House after Trump bombed Syria in 2017. And no one on the left, whether far left or mainstream, is holding their own anti-war rallies or engaging in any meaningful anti-war activities.
Once upon a time, the left, and especially leftist radicals, could be counted on to oppose American involvement in overseas wars. Now nothing could be further from the truth. Rather than collaborate with someone who advocates on behalf of white people, the left would rather act as the shock troops for the military industrial complex. By contrast, when the communist-led ANSWER Coalition organized anti-Iraq war rallies of 15 years ago, libertarians, Ron Paul supporters, and other anti-war rightists didn't attack the rallies, they joined them. One has to ask in retrospect whether the mainstream Democrats who also participated in the rallies weren't simply anti-Bush rather than anti-war, because they are now the main voting block in favor of war.
Tulsi Gabbard is far more vocal than Trump ever was in her opposition to war. Trump was more focused on immigration, and its fair to say that it was the immigration issue that got him elected. But for the far right, his anti-war stance, as inarticulate as it was, was also an important factor. Of course, nobody expects Tusli to "build a wall and deport them all." Her views on immigration may be the same as any other Democrat, for all we know.
But the reality is that under President Trump immigration, both legal and illegal, are at record levels, so what do we have to lose? At least Tulsi has taken a strong stance for free speech and against tech industry censorship, so we may at least be able to make our arguments against open borders without the current level of censorship and harassment.
So the short answer to why the "far right" is taking a look at Tulsi is that, unlike the vast majority of Democrats and the mainstream media, deplorable despicable white "supremists" actually oppose the slaughter of men, women, and children in foreign lands carried out in the name of the American people, and we are willing to work with anyone, even a progressive Democrat, who is willing to do what it takes to end it.
#Alt-right #David Duke #Far right #Patrick Slattery #Regime change wars #Tulsi Gabbard
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Processing.jl
=============

A port of the Processing language (https://www.processing.org) to Julia.

It mainly uses ModernGL.jl and GLFW.jl behind the scenes. Please note that this package assumes that you have a graphics card/driver which supports OpenGL 3.2 or greater. If your computer is about 4-5 years old, then that is most likely the case. A convience function will soon be added to easily report what versions of OpenGL your card supports. In the worst case scenario, you can fall back onto a 2D-only Cairo/TK supported backend by importing the Processing2D.jl file, rather than entering "using Processing". See the "basic2D.jl" example in the "test/" directory for demo of how to go about this easily.

At the moment, this package is based on "hand-written" code, in order to see how much speed can be attained in a raw OpenGL setting. That code is slowly being transferred to the GLAbstraction.jl, GLWindow.jl, and GLVisualize.jl packages and those packages will eventually become the main support for Processing.jl. This development will take place in a separate branch. The master branch will remain the recommended version for the time being, since it is tested and mostly stable. Any bug fixes will be ported to both branches.

# Installation

## Mac OS X

This package is developed on a 13" Macbook Pro with an Intel card. So far, my experience is that on OS X 10.10 and 10.11, everything just works. However, the assumption is made that you have a Retina screen if you are using a Mac. This will be amended soon. Anyway, to install, just run the following:

```julia
Pkg.clone("https://github.com/SimonDanisch/FreeTypeAbstraction.jl.git")
Pkg.clone("https://github.com/rennis250/Processing.jl.git")
```

## Linux

Only tested on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS with the opensource ATI drivers. First, make sure that the required packages for GLFW.jl are installed:

```julia
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cmake xorg-dev libglu1-mesa-dev
```

(Note: I found that cmake was not installed on the machine that I was using. The GLFW C code assumes that you have cmake installed, so we installed via apt-get here.)

Then, install the rest as usual:

```julia
Pkg.clone("https://github.com/SimonDanisch/FreeTypeAbstraction.jl.git")
Pkg.clone("https://github.com/rennis250/Processing.jl.git")
```

## Windows

Only tested on a Windows 7 machine with an ATI card. Install the package as usual:

```julia
Pkg.clone("https://github.com/SimonDanisch/FreeTypeAbstraction.jl.git")
Pkg.clone("https://github.com/rennis250/Processing.jl.git")
```

# Caveats

For some features, such as alpha blending or point smoothing, we ask OpenGL to simply perform this operation. This means that it will depend on the algorithms that your graphics card supplier/driver has implemented. I have already noticed visible differences between rendering on Windows and Mac. These differences should soon be amended with our own shader-based implementations of these functions.

# Credit

Processing is an open graphics programming language developed by Ben Fry & Casey Reas. This port was developed by Robert Ennis with the help of @SimonDanisch and @o-jasper. It is mainly maintained by Robert Ennis.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: websocket endpoint fails in Tomcat 10 but not 9 I have moved up to Tomcat 10 and websocket endpoint no longer works/registers. It worked as expected in Tomcat 9, but fails in 10.  Per Websocket Server Endpoints not working on tomcat, I changed the imports to use Tomcat 10's jakarta packages/api's, but had no effect.  Trying to hit the websocket endpoint using Chrome + F12 (ex ws://localhost:8080/myapp/mywsendpoint) showed that nothing was listening.  It's as though it wasn't even registering as a ws listener in Tomcat 10.  All references to javax.xyz have been changed to jakarta.xyz, and the code compiles/builds
@ServerEndpoint(value = "/wscon")
public class WScon{
....removed code for brevity
Any help would be greatly appreciated.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Oyo State Government has struck a partnership with Microsoft and Signal Alliance towards ensuring that each of the 2,375 primary schools and 678 secondary schools in the state has a good number of computer sets.
Speaking at State Secretariat in Ibadan, on Wednesday Akin -Alabi, said School Governing Boards of all schools of the state are expected to provide venues for the siting of the digital learning centres where students and teachers will be imbued with requisite Information and Communication Technology skills.
The collaboration targeted at engendering digital literacy in the state will, according to Special Adviser to Governor Abiola Ajimobi on Education, Science and Technology, Dr Bisi Akin-Alabi, kick off with the launch of eight cluster learning centres.
She explained that four centres will be sited in Ibadan, two in Oke Ogun, one in Ibarapa and another on the Oyo-Ogbomoso axis, starting with three of the cluster learning centres funded by the state and others by the partners.
Furthermore, she said each of the cluster centres will contain computers for 100 students.
She added that state, through the collaboration, had shown its commitment to utilising technology to drive economic growth and facilitate a knowledge-based future.
"In five years, every school in the state will have their computers. We are starting with eight cluster learning centres of 100 computers each. We will start by funding three of the cluster centres and our partners will fund other centres. We are also talking with our school governing boards to sign in their schools and provide venues/halls for digital learning centres," Akin Alabi said.
Speaking, Commissioner for the ministry, Professor Adeniyi Olowofela, said the state had developed academic lecture notes in core subjects, in PDF format, among other learning resources that could be accessed at the cluster learning centres.
In her remarks, head of Microsoft Education Programs, Jordan Belmonte said the digital learning initiative aimed at helping to bridge the skills gap by providing teachers ICT and the framework that will enable pupils and educators achieve success.
Mrs Adanma Onuegbu of Signal Alliance noted the imperativeness for people to be equipped technologically to be up to speed with trends in today's information age.
Commissioner for Information, Culture and Tourism, Mr Toye Arulogun, Chairman, Oyo State Universal Basic Education Board (SUBEB), Mrs Aderonke Makanjuola among others were also present at the interaction with journalists.