text:
O. J. Simpson
Simpson in 1990
(1947-07-09) July 9, 1947 (age 74)
212 lb (96 kg)
(San Francisco, California)
1969 / Round: 1 / Pick: 1
Buffalo Bills (1969–1977)
San Francisco 49ers (1978–1979)
NFL Most Valuable Player (1973)
NFL Offensive Player of the Year (1973)
5× First-team All-Pro (1972–1976)
5× Pro Bowl (1972–1976)
Bert Bell Award (1973)
AP Athlete of the Year (1973)
3× UPI AFC Offensive Player of the Year (1972, 1973, 1975)
4× NFL rushing yards leader (1972, 1973, 1975, 1976)
2× NFL rushing touchdowns leader (1973, 1975)
NFL scoring leader (1975)
AFL All-Star (1969)
Buffalo Bills Wall of Fame
NFL 1970s All-Decade Team
NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team
NFL 100th Anniversary All-Time Team
National champion (1967)
Heisman Trophy (1968)
Maxwell Award (1968)
Walter Camp Award (1967)
2× Unanimous All-American (1967, 1968)
USC Trojans No. 32 retired
Rushing yards:
Yards per carry:
Rushing touchdowns:
College Football Hall of Fame
Orenthal James Simpson (born July 9, 1947), nicknamed "the Juice", is an American former football running back, broadcaster, actor, and advertising spokesman. Once a popular figure with the U.S. public, he is now best known for being tried for the murders of his former wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ron Goldman. Simpson was acquitted of the murders in criminal court but was later found responsible for both deaths in a civil trial.
Simpson attended the University of Southern California (USC), where he played football for the USC Trojans and won the Heisman Trophy in 1968. He played professionally as a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons, primarily with the Buffalo Bills from 1969 to 1977. He also played for the San Francisco 49ers from 1978 to 1979. In 1973, he became the first NFL player to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a season. He holds the record for the single-season yards-per-game average, which stands at 143.1. He was the only player to rush for over 2,000 yards in the 14-game regular season NFL format. Simpson was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1983 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985. After retiring from football, he began new careers in acting and football broadcasting.
In 1994, Simpson was arrested and charged with the murders of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ron Goldman. He was acquitted by a jury after a lengthy and internationally publicized trial. The families of the victims subsequently filed a civil suit against him. A civil court awarded a $33.5 million judgment against him in 1997 for the victims' wrongful deaths. In 2000, Simpson moved to Miami, Florida to avoid paying on the liability judgment, which as of 2021 remained mostly unpaid.
In 2007, Simpson was arrested in Las Vegas, Nevada, and charged with the felonies of armed robbery and kidnapping.[1] In 2008, he was convicted and sentenced to 33 years' imprisonment, with a minimum of nine years without parole.[2] He served his sentence at the Lovelock Correctional Center near Lovelock, Nevada.[3] Simpson was granted parole on July 20, 2017, which was the minimum sentence. He was eligible for release from prison on October 1, 2017, and was released on that date.[4][5] On December 14, 2021, Simpson was granted early release from his parole by the Nevada Division of Parole and Probation.[6]
Born and raised in San Francisco, California, Simpson is a son of Eunice (née Durden), a hospital administrator, and Jimmy Lee Simpson, a chef and bank custodian.[citation needed] His father was a well-known drag queen in the San Francisco Bay Area. Later in life, Jimmy Simpson announced that he was gay and died of AIDS in 1986.[7][8]
Simpson's maternal grandparents were from Louisiana, and his aunt gave him the name Orenthal, which she said was the name of a French actor she liked.[9] He was called "O. J." from birth and did not know that Orenthal was his given name until a teacher read it in third grade.[10] Simpson has one brother, Melvin Leon "Truman" Simpson, one living sister, Shirley Simpson-Baker, and one deceased sister, Carmelita Simpson-Durio. As a child, Simpson developed rickets and wore braces on his legs until the age of five,[11] giving him his bowlegged stance.[12] His parents separated in 1952, and Simpson was raised by his mother.[13]
Simpson's 1964 school portrait
Simpson grew up in San Francisco and lived with his family in the housing projects of the Potrero Hill neighborhood.[14] In his early teenage years, he joined a street gang called the Persian Warriors and was briefly incarcerated at the San Francisco Youth Guidance Center.[11] Future wife Marquerite, his childhood sweetheart, described Simpson as "really an awful person then";[15] after his third arrest, a meeting with Willie Mays during which the baseball star encouraged Simpson to avoid trouble helped persuade him to reform.[12] At Galileo High School (currently Galileo Academy of Science and Technology) in San Francisco, Simpson played for the school football team, the Galileo Lions. He graduated in 1965.
College football and athletics career
Although Simpson was an All-City football player at Galileo, his mediocre high-school grades prevented him from attracting the interest of many college recruiters. After a childhood friend's injury in the Vietnam War influenced Simpson to stay out of the military, he enrolled at City College of San Francisco in 1965.[12] He played football both ways as a running back and defensive back and was named to the Junior College All-American team as a running back.[16] City College won the Prune Bowl against Long Beach State, and many colleges sought Simpson as a transfer student for football.[12]
Simpson chose to attend the University of Southern California (USC), which he had admired as a young football fan,[12] over the University of Utah and played running back for head coach John McKay in 1967 and 1968.[17] Simpson led the nation in rushing both years under McKay: in 1967 with 1,543 yards and 13 touchdowns, and in 1968 with 1,880 yards on 383 carries.[18]
As a junior in 1967, Simpson was a close runner-up in the Heisman Trophy balloting to quarterback Gary Beban of UCLA. In that year's Victory Bell rivalry game between the teams, USC was down by six points in the fourth quarter with under eleven minutes remaining. On their own 36, USC backup quarterback Toby Page called an audible on third and seven. Simpson's 64-yard touchdown run tied the score, and the extra point provided a 21–20 lead, which was the final score.[19] This was the biggest play in what is regarded as one of the greatest football games of the 20th century.[20]
Another dramatic touchdown in the same game is the subject of the Arnold Friberg oil painting, O.J. Simpson Breaks for Daylight. Simpson also won the Walter Camp Award in 1967 and was a two-time consensus All-American.[21]
Simpson was an aspiring track athlete; in 1967 he lost a 100 m race at Stanford against the then-British record holder Menzies Campbell.[22] Prior to playing football at Southern Cal, he ran in the USC sprint relay quartet that broke the world record in the 4 × 110-yard relay at the NCAA track championships in Provo, Utah on June 17, 1967.[23]
As a senior in 1968, Simpson rushed for 1,709 yards and 22 touchdowns in the regular season, earning the Heisman Trophy, the Maxwell Award, and Walter Camp Award. He held the record for the Heisman's largest margin of victory for 51 years, defeating runner-up Leroy Keyes by 1,750 points. In the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day, #2 USC faced top-ranked Ohio State; Simpson ran for 171 yards, including an 80-yard touchdown run in a 27–16 loss.[24]
Simpson's stats for the USC Trojans
291 1,543 5.3 13 10 109 10.9 0
383 1,880 4.9 23 26 211 8.1 0
Totals[25]
Professional football career
Simpson breaks the NFL's single-season rushing record in 1973
The first selection 1969 AFL–NFL Common Draft was held by the AFL's Buffalo Bills, after finishing 1–12–1 in 1968. They took Simpson, but he demanded what was then the largest contract in professional sports history: $650,000 over five years. This led to a standoff with Bills' owner Ralph Wilson, as Simpson threatened to become an actor and skip professional football. Eventually, Wilson agreed to pay Simpson.[26][27]
Simpson entered professional football with high expectations,[26][27] but struggled in his first three years, averaging only 622 yards per season.[28] Bills coach John Rauch, not wanting to build an offense around one running back, assigned Simpson to do blocking and receiving duties at the expense of running the ball. In 1971, Rauch resigned as head coach and the Bills brought in Harvey Johnson.[26][29][30] Despite Johnson devising a new offense for Simpson, Simpson was still ineffective that year. After the 1971 season, the Bills fired Johnson and brought in Lou Saban as head coach.[26] Unlike Rauch, Saban made Simpson the centerpiece of the Bills offense.[31]
In 1972, Simpson rushed for over 1,000 yards for the first time in his career, gaining a league-leading total of 1,251 yards. In 1973, Simpson became the first player to break the highly coveted 2,000 yard rushing mark, with 2,003 total rushing yards and 12 touchdowns.[28][32] Simpson broke the mark during the last game of the season against the New York Jets with a seven-yard rush. That same game also saw Simpson break Jim Brown's single-season rushing record of 1,863 yards.[33] For his performance, Simpson won that year's NFL MVP Award and Bert Bell Award.[34][35] While other players have broken the 2,000-yard mark since Simpson, his record was established in a time when the NFL had only 14 games per season, as opposed to the 16-game seasons that began in 1978.[36] Simpson still holds the rushing record for 14 games.
Simpson gained more than 1,000 rushing yards for each of his next three seasons. He did not lead the league in rushing in 1974, but did cross the 1,000-yard barrier despite a knee injury.[37] In game 11 of 1974, he passed Ken Willard as the rushing leader among active players, a position he maintained until his retirement more than five seasons later. Simpson also made his first and only playoff appearance during the 1974 season. In a divisional game against the Pittsburgh Steelers, Simpson rushed for 49 yards on 15 attempts and caught a touchdown pass, but the Bills lost the game 32–14.[38]
Simpson won the rushing title again in 1975, rushing for 1,817 yards and 16 touchdowns. Simpson also had a career-high 426 receiving yards and seven receiving touchdowns that season.[28] Simpson once again led the league in rushing in 1976, rushing for 1,503 yards and eight touchdowns.[28] Simpson had the best game of his career during that season's Thanksgiving game against the Detroit Lions on November 25. In that game, Simpson rushed for a then-record 273 yards on 29 attempts and scored two touchdowns. Despite Simpson's performance, the Bills would lose the game 27–14.[39]
A low light that season came during a game against the Patriots a few weeks earlier when defensive end Mel Lunsford and several other Patriots defenders stuffed the superstar running back for no gain but as Simpson tried to continue driving forward Lunsford bodyslammed him to the ground. Simpson got up and punched Lunsford which prompted Lunsford to swing back. Bills offensive lineman Reggie McKenzie then jumped on Lunsford's back but Lunsford bent down and flung McKenzie over his head and went back to swinging at Simpson before a melee of the two teams stopped the fight and ended up in a pile on the field. Lunsford and Simpson were both ejected from the game as the Patriots solid defense persisted with New England going on to win 20–10 on their way to finishing the 1976 season 11–3. The Bills finished 2–12.
Simpson played in only seven games in 1977, as his season was cut short by injury.[9]
Before the 1978 season, the Bills traded Simpson to his hometown San Francisco 49ers for a series of draft picks.[40] Simpson played in San Francisco for two seasons, rushing for 1,053 yards and four touchdowns.[28] His final NFL game was on December 16, 1979, a 31–21 loss to the Atlanta Falcons at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium.[41] His final play was a 10-yard run on 3rd and 10 for a first down.[42]
Simpson gained 11,236 rushing yards, placing him 2nd on the NFL's all-time rushing list when he retired; he now stands at 21st. He was named NFL Player of the Year in 1973, and played in six Pro Bowls. He was the only player in NFL history to rush for over 2,000 yards in a 14-game season and he is the only player to rush for over 200 yards in six different games in his career. From 1972 to 1976, Simpson averaged 1,540 rushing yards per (14 game) season, 5.1 yards per carry, and he won the NFL rushing title four times.[28] Simpson was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985, his first year of eligibility.[43] In 2019, he was named to the National Football League 100th Anniversary All-Time Team.[44]
Simpson played in only one playoff game during his 11-season Hall of Fame career: a 1974 Divisional Round game between the Buffalo Bills and the Pittsburgh Steelers. Simpson was held to 49 rushing yards on fifteen carries to go with three receptions for 37 yards and a touchdown as the Bills lost 32–14.[45]
Simpson acquired the nickname "Juice" as a play on "O.J.", a common abbreviation for orange juice. "Juice" is also a colloquial synonym for electricity or electrical power, and hence a metaphor for any powerful entity; the Bills' offensive line at Simpson's peak was nicknamed "The Electric Company".[46]
NFL career statistics
AP NFL MVP & OPOTY
NFL record
Led the league
Bold Career high
13 0 181 697 3.9 32 2 53.6 13.9 30 343 11.4 55 3 26.4 2.3 6
8 8 120 488 4.1 56 5 61.0 15.0 10 139 13.9 36 0 17.4 1.3 6
14 14 183 742 4.1 46 5 53.0 13.1 21 162 7.7 38 0 11.6 1.5 5
14 14 292 1,251 4.3 94 6 89.4 20.9 27 198 7.3 25 0 14.1 1.9 8
14 14 332 2,003 6.0 80 12 143.1 23.7 6 70 11.7 24 0 5.0 0.4 7
14 14 270 1,125 4.2 41 3 80.4 19.3 15 189 12.6 29 1 13.5 1.1 7
14 14 329 1,817 5.5 88 16 129.8 23.5 28 426 15.2 64 7 30.4 2.0 7
14 13 290 1,503 5.2 75 8 107.4 20.7 22 259 11.8 43 1 18.5 1.6 6
7 7 126 557 4.4 39 0 79.6 18.0 16 138 8.6 18 0 19.7 2.3 2
13 8 120 460 3.8 22 3 35.4 9.2 7 46 6.6 14 0 3.5 0.5 3
Source:[28]
NFL records
Fastest player to gain 1,000 rushing yards in season: 1,025 in seven games in 1973 and 1,005 in seven games in 1975 (tied with Terrell Davis).[47]
Fastest player to gain 2,000 rushing yards in season: 2,003 in 14 games in 1973.
Most rushing yards per game in a season: 143.1 per game in 1973.
Acting career
Simpson began acting while at USC and appeared on Dragnet in an uncredited role as a potential recruit to the LAPD.[48] He became a professional actor before playing professional football, appearing in the first episode of Medical Center while negotiating his contract with the Bills.[10] While in the NFL Simpson appeared in productions such as the television miniseries Roots (1977), and the dramatic motion pictures The Klansman (1974), The Towering Inferno (1974), The Cassandra Crossing (1976), and Capricorn One (1978). In 1979, he started his own film production company, Orenthal Productions, which dealt mostly in made-for-TV fare such as the family-oriented Goldie and the Boxer films with Melissa Michaelsen (1979 and 1981), and Cocaine and Blue Eyes (1983), a television movie broadcast by NBC.[citation needed]
Simpson said that he did not seriously consider an acting career until seeing Lee Marvin and Richard Burton, while filming The Klansman in Oroville, California, ordering chili from Chasen's via private jet.[10] He said in 1980 that "The Oscar or the Emmy says you've reached a level of competence in this business, and I would love to have one".[48] Simpson avoided starring in blaxploitation films, choosing third or fourth lead roles while studying experienced stars like Marvin and Burton.[12] The Hertz commercials from 1975 benefited Simpson's acting career but he sometimes intentionally chose non-positive roles; "I've got to tear down that picture of O.J. Simpson, the clean-cut athlete, to get believability into whatever part I happen to be playing".[49] Simpson also starred in the comedic Back to the Beach (1987) and The Naked Gun trilogy (1988, 1991, 1994). According to Arnold Schwarzenegger, Simpson was considered by director James Cameron to play the eponymous character in The Terminator (1984) when Schwarzenegger was cast as Kyle Reese, but Cameron ultimately cast Schwarzenegger as the Terminator while Simpson had no involvement in the film.
Besides his acting career, Simpson worked as a commentator for Monday Night Football and The NFL on NBC.[50] He also appeared in the audience of Saturday Night Live during its second season and hosted an episode during its third season.[51]
Frogmen
Simpson starred in the un-televised two-hour-long film pilot for Frogmen, an A-Team-like adventure series that Warner Bros. Television completed in 1994, a few months before the murders. NBC had not yet decided whether to order the series when Simpson's arrest cancelled the project. While searching his home, the police obtained a videotaped copy of the pilot as well as the script and dailies. Although the prosecution investigated reports that Simpson, who played the leader of a group of former United States Navy SEALs, received "a fair amount of" military training—including use of a knife—for Frogmen, and there is a scene in which he holds a knife to the throat of a woman, this material was not introduced as evidence during the trial.[52]
NBC executive Warren Littlefield said in July 1994 that the network would probably never air the pilot if Simpson were convicted; if he were acquitted, however, one television journalist speculated that "Frogmen would probably be on the air before the NBC peacock could unfurl its plume".[53] Most pilots that are two hours long are aired as TV movies whether or not they are ordered as series. Because—as the Los Angeles Times later reported—"the appetite for all things O.J. appeared insatiable" during the trial, Warner Bros. and NBC estimated that a gigantic, Super Bowl–like television audience would have watched the Frogmen film. Co-star Evan Handler said the studio's decision not to air it or release it on home video, and forego an estimated $14 million in profits, was "just about the only proof you have that there is some dignity in the advertising and television business".[52]
Juiced
In 2006, Simpson starred in his own improv, hidden-camera prank TV show, Juiced. Typical of the genre, Simpson would play a prank on everyday people while secretly filming them and at the end of each prank, he would shout, "You've been Juiced!" Less typical, each episode opened with topless strippers dancing around Simpson, who is dressed as a pimp. He sings his own rap song, which includes the lyrics "Don't you know there's no stopping the Juice / When I'm on the floor I'm like a lion on the loose / Better shoot me with a tranquilizer dart / Don't be stupid, I'm not a Simpson named Bart." In one episode, Simpson is at a used car lot in Las Vegas where he attempts to sell his white Bronco. A bullet hole in the front of the SUV is circled with his autograph, and he pitches it to a prospective buyer by saying that if they "ever get into some trouble and have to get away, it has escapability."[54] In another sketch called "B-I-N-G-O.J.", Simpson pretends to be having an affair with another man's girlfriend. Later he transforms into an old white man whose dying wish is to call a game of bingo. Juiced aired as a one-time special on pay-per-view television and was later released on DVD.[55]
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1968 Ironside Onlooker—uncredited TV episode—"Price Tag Death"
Dragnet 1968 Student—uncredited TV episode—"Community Relations DR:10"
1969 Medical Center Bru Wiley TV episode "The Last 10 Yards"
The Dream of Hamish Mose Unknown Unreleased film
1971 Why? The Athlete Short film
1972 Cade's County Jeff Hughes TV episode "Blackout"
1973 Here's Lucy Himself TV episode "The Big Game"
1974 The Klansman Garth
O. J. Simpson: Juice on the Loose Himself TV documentary
The Towering Inferno Jernigan
1976 The Cassandra Crossing Haley
Killer Force Alexander
1977 A Killing Affair Woodrow York TV
Roots Kadi Touray
1978 Capricorn One Cmdr. John Walker
1979 Firepower Catlett
Goldie and the Boxer Joe Gallagher TV (executive producer)
1980 Detour to Terror Lee Hayes TV (executive producer)
1981 Goldie and the Boxer Go to Hollywood Joe Gallagher TV (executive producer)
1983 Cocaine and Blue Eyes Michael Brennen TV (executive producer)
1983 Hambone and Hillie Tucker
1985–91 1st & Ten T.D. Parker Five episodes
1987 Back to the Beach Man at Airport Uncredited
Student Exchange Soccer Coach TV
1988 The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! Detective Nordberg
1989 In the Heat of the Night Councilman Lawson Stiles TV episode "Walkout"
1991 The Naked Gun 2+1⁄2: The Smell of Fear Detective Nordberg
1993 Adventures in Wonderland Himself TV episode "White Rabbits Can't Jump", unaired
CIA Code Name: Alexa Nick Murphy
For Goodness Sake Man in restaurant Simpson was edited out of later releases[56][57][58]
No Place to Hide Allie Wheeler
1994 Naked Gun 33+1⁄3: The Final Insult Detective Nordberg
Frogmen John 'Bullfrog' Burke Unaired TV movie
2006 Juiced with O. J. Simpson Himself TV pay-per-view
2011 Jail Himself TV, Season 2, Episode 18
2018 Who Is America? Himself TV, Episode 7[59][60]
Go, O.J., Go!
—  Hertz slogan[61]
As a child Simpson earned money by scalping tickets and collecting seat cushions at Kezar Stadium. In high school he organized dances, hiring a band and ballroom and charging admission.[12] Chuck Barnes helped Simpson form business relationships with Chevrolet and ABC early in his football career. By 1971, New York wrote that Simpson was already wealthy enough to "retire this week if [he] wanted to".[62]
In 1975, People magazine described Simpson as "the first black athlete to become a bona fide lovable media superstar".[15] He used his amiable persona,[63] good looks, and charisma in many endorsement deals. Beginning in 1975, he appeared in advertisements with the Hertz rental car company. Commercials depicted Simpson running through airports embodying speed, as others shouted to him the Hertz slogan "Go, O.J., Go!".[61]
Besides helping his acting career, Simpson estimated that the very successful "superstar in rent-a-car" campaign raised the recognition rate among people he met from 30% to 90%.[12] Hertz's annual profit increased by 50% to $42.2 million within the first year, brand awareness increased by more than 40%,[49] and 97% of viewers understood that the commercials advertised Hertz, avoiding the common "vampire video" problem.[12] Simpson was so important to the company that CEO Frank Olson personally negotiated his contract, and Hertz used him for an unusually long time for a celebrity endorser.[61] Advertising Age in 1977 named Simpson the magazine's Star Presenter of the Year;[49] by 1984 consumer research found that he was the most popular athlete endorser, and a 1990s MCI Communications commercial starring Eunice Simpson satirized her son's work. Although Simpson appeared less often in Hertz commercials by the late 1980s, his relationship with the company continued; Simpson was to travel to Chicago to meet with Hertz executives and clients on the night of the Brown-Goldman murder.[61]
Other products Simpson endorsed included Pioneer Chicken, Honey Baked Ham, Calistoga Water Company's line of Napa Naturals soft drinks, and Dingo cowboy boots. As president and CEO of O. J. Simpson Enterprises he owned hotels and restaurants. When Simpson and Brown divorced in 1992 he had $10 million in assets and more than $1 million in annual income, including $550,000 from Hertz.[61] During the June 1994 police chase, spectators shouted the "Go, O.J., Go!" slogan at Simpson as he rode in a white Bronco[64] owned by Hertz.[49]
Simpson with his daughter, Sydney Brooke, in 1986
At age 19 on June 24, 1967, Simpson married Marguerite L. Whitley. Together, they had three children: Arnelle L. Simpson (b. 1968), Jason Lamar Simpson[65] (b. 1970), and Aaren Lashone Simpson (1977–1979). In August 1979, Aaren drowned in the family's swimming pool.[66][67]
Simpson met Nicole Brown in 1977, while she was working as a waitress at a nightclub called The Daisy.[68][69] Although still married to his first wife, Simpson began dating Brown. Simpson and Marguerite divorced in March 1979.[70][71]: 126–28
Brown and Simpson were married on February 2, 1985, five years after his retirement from professional football.[72] The couple had two children, Sydney Brooke Simpson (b. 1985) and Justin Ryan Simpson (b. 1988).[73] The marriage lasted seven years, during which Simpson pleaded no contest to spousal abuse in 1989.[74] Brown filed for divorce on February 25, 1992, citing irreconcilable differences.[71]: 136 In 1993, after the divorce, Brown and Simpson made an attempt at reconciliation, but according to Sheila Weller "they were a dramatic, fractious, mutually obsessed couple before they married, after they married, after they divorced in 1992, and after they reconciled."[75]
Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman murders and trials
Main article: O. J. Simpson murder case
Criminal trial for murder
Simpson's mugshot, June 17, 1994
On June 12, 1994, Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman were found stabbed to death outside Nicole's condo in the Brentwood area of Los Angeles. Simpson was a person of interest in their murders. Simpson did not turn himself in, and on June 17 he became the object of a low-speed pursuit by police while riding as a passenger in the white 1993 Ford Bronco SUV owned and driven by his longtime friend Al Cowlings.[76] TV stations interrupted coverage of the 1994 NBA Finals to broadcast the incident live. With an estimated audience of 95 million people, the event was described as "the most famous ride on American shores since Paul Revere's".[77]
The pursuit, arrest, and trial of Simpson were among the most widely publicized events in American history. The trial, often characterized as the Trial of the Century because of its international publicity, likened to that of Sacco and Vanzetti and the Lindbergh kidnapping, culminated after eleven months on October 3, 1995, when the jury rendered a verdict of "not guilty" for the two murders. An estimated 100 million people nationwide tuned in to watch or listen to the verdict announcement.[78] Following Simpson's acquittal, no additional arrests or convictions related to the murders were made.
Immediate reaction to the verdict was known for its division along racial lines: a poll of Los Angeles County residents showed that most African Americans there felt justice had been served by the "not guilty" verdict, while the majority of whites and Latinos opined that it had not.[79] O. J. Simpson's integrated defense counsel team included Johnnie Cochran, Robert Kardashian, Robert Shapiro, and F. Lee Bailey. Marcia Clark was the lead prosecutor for the State of California.[80][81]
According to a 2016 poll, 83% of white Americans and 57% of black Americans believe Simpson committed the murders.[82]
Wrongful death civil trial
Following Simpson's acquittal of criminal charges, Ron Goldman's family filed a civil lawsuit against Simpson. Daniel Petrocelli represented plaintiff Fred Goldman (Ronald Goldman's father), while Robert Baker represented Simpson.[83] Superior Court Judge Hiroshi Fujisaki presided,[83] and he barred television and still cameras, radio equipment, and courtroom sketch artists from the courtroom.[84] On October 23, 1996, opening statements were made, and on January 16, 1997, both sides rested their cases.[85]
On February 5, 1997, a civil jury in Santa Monica, California unanimously found Simpson liable for the wrongful death of and battery against Goldman, and battery against Brown. Simpson was ordered to pay $33,500,000 in damages. In February 1999, an auction of Simpson's Heisman Trophy and other belongings netted almost $500,000, which went to the Goldman family.[86]
The Goldman family also tried to collect Simpson's NFL $28,000 monthly pension,[87] but failed to collect any money.[88]
In 1997, Simpson defaulted on his mortgage at the home in which he had lived for 20 years, at 360 North Rockingham Avenue, and the lender foreclosed the property. In July 1998, the house was demolished by its next owner, Kenneth Abdalla, an investment banker and president of the Jerry's Famous Deli chain.[89]
On September 5, 2006, Goldman's father took Simpson back to court to obtain control over Simpson's "right to publicity", for purposes of satisfying the judgment in the civil court case.[90] On January 4, 2007, a federal judge issued a restraining order prohibiting Simpson from spending any advance he may have received on a canceled book deal and TV interview about the 1994 murders. The matter was dismissed before trial for lack of jurisdiction.[90] On January 19, 2007, a California state judge issued an additional restraining order, ordering Simpson to restrict his spending to "ordinary and necessary living expenses".[90]
On March 13, 2007, a judge prevented Simpson from receiving any further compensation from the defunct book deal and TV interview, and the judge ordered the bundled book rights to be auctioned.[91] In August 2007, a Florida bankruptcy court awarded the rights to the book to the Goldman family, to partially satisfy an unpaid civil judgment. Originally titled If I Did It, the book was renamed If I Did It: Confessions of the Killer, with the word "If" reduced in size to such an extent that it appears within the width of the large red "I" in the title, making the title appear to read I Did It: Confessions of the Killer. Additional material was added by members of the Goldman family, investigative journalist Dominick Dunne, and author Pablo Fenjves.[92]
Other legal troubles
The State of California claims Simpson owes $1.44 million in back taxes.[93] A tax lien was filed in his case on September 1, 1999.[94]
In the late 1990s, Simpson attempted to register "O. J. Simpson", "O. J.", and "The Juice" as trademarks for "a broad range of goods, including figurines, trading cards, sportswear, medallions, coins, and prepaid telephone cards".[95] A "concerned citizen", William B. Ritchie, sued to oppose the granting of federal registration on the grounds that doing so would be immoral and scandalous. Simpson gave up the effort in 2000 and left California that year for Florida, settling in Miami. Florida is one of few states where pensions and/or residences cannot generally be seized to collect debts.
In February 2001, Simpson was arrested in Miami-Dade County, Florida, for simple battery and burglary of an occupied conveyance, for yanking the glasses off another motorist during a traffic dispute three months earlier. If convicted, Simpson could have faced up to 16 years in prison, but he was tried and quickly acquitted of both charges in October 2001.[96]
On December 4, 2001, Simpson's Miami home was searched by the FBI on suspicion of ecstasy possession and money laundering. The FBI had received a tip that Simpson was involved in a major drug trafficking ring after 10 other suspects were arrested in the case. Simpson's home was thoroughly searched for two hours, but no illegal drugs were discovered, and no arrest or formal charges were filed following the search. However, investigators uncovered equipment capable of stealing satellite television programming, which eventually led to Simpson's being sued in federal court.[97]
On July 4, 2002, Simpson was arrested in Miami-Dade County, Florida, for water speeding through a manatee protection zone and failing to comply with proper boating regulations.[98] The misdemeanor boating regulation charge was dropped, and Simpson was fined for the speeding infraction.[99]
In March 2004, satellite television network DirecTV, Inc. accused Simpson in a Miami federal court of using illegal electronic devices to pirate its broadcast signals. The company later won a $25,000 judgment, and Simpson was ordered to pay an additional $33,678 in attorney's fees and costs.[100]
Las Vegas robbery
Main article: O. J. Simpson robbery case
On the night of September 13, 2007, a group of men led by Simpson entered a room at the Palace Station hotel-casino and took sports memorabilia at gunpoint, which resulted in Simpson being questioned by police.[101][102] Simpson admitted to taking the items, which he said had been stolen from him, but denied breaking into the hotel room; he also denied that he or anyone else carried a gun.[103][104] He was released after questioning.
Two days later, Simpson was arrested[1] and initially held without bail.[105] Along with three other men, Simpson was charged with multiple felony counts, including criminal conspiracy, kidnapping, assault, robbery, and using a deadly weapon.[106][107] Bail was set at $125,000, with stipulations that Simpson have no contact with the co-defendants and that he surrender his passport. Simpson did not enter a plea.[108][109]
By the end of October 2007, all three of Simpson's co-defendants had plea-bargained with the prosecution in the Clark County, Nevada, court case. Walter Alexander and Charles H. Cashmore accepted plea agreements in exchange for reduced charges and their testimony against Simpson and three other co-defendants, including testimony that guns were used in the robbery.[110] Co-defendant Michael McClinton told a Las Vegas judge that he too would plead guilty to reduced charges and testify against Simpson that guns were used in the robbery. After the hearings, the judge ordered that Simpson be tried for the robbery.
On November 8, 2007, Simpson had a preliminary hearing to decide whether he would be tried for the charges. He was held over for trial on all 12 counts. Simpson pleaded not guilty on November 29, with an initial setting for trial in April 7, 2008, although it was soon set for September 8 to give the defense more time for their case.[111][112]
In January 2008, Simpson was taken into custody in Florida and was extradited to Las Vegas, where he was incarcerated at the Clark County jail for violating the terms of his bail by attempting to contact Clarence "C. J." Stewart, a co-defendant in the trial. District Attorney David Roger of Clark County provided District Court Judge Jackie Glass with evidence that Simpson had violated his bail terms. A hearing took place on January 16, 2008. Glass raised Simpson's bail to US$250,000 and ordered that he remain in county jail until 15 percent was paid in cash.[113] Simpson posted bond that evening and returned to Miami the next day.[114]
Simpson and his co-defendant were found guilty of all charges on October 3, 2008.[115] On October 10, 2008, Simpson's counsel moved for a new trial (trial de novo) on grounds of judicial errors and insufficient evidence.[116] Simpson's attorney announced he would appeal to the Nevada Supreme Court if Judge Glass denied the motion.[116] The attorney for Simpson's co-defendant, C. J. Stewart, petitioned for a new trial, alleging Stewart should have been tried separately and cited possible misconduct by the jury foreman.[116][117][118]
Simpson faced a possible life sentence with parole on the kidnapping charge, and mandatory prison time for armed robbery.[119] On December 5, 2008, Simpson was sentenced to a total of 33 years in prison,[120] with the possibility of parole after nine years, in 2017.[2] On September 4, 2009, the Nevada Supreme Court denied a request for bail during Simpson's appeal. In October 2010, the Nevada Supreme Court affirmed his convictions.[121] He served his sentence at the Lovelock Correctional Center where his inmate ID number was #1027820.[122]
A Nevada judge agreed on October 19, 2012, to "reopen the armed robbery and kidnapping case against O. J. Simpson to determine if the former football star was so badly represented by his lawyers that he should be freed from prison and get another trial".[123] A hearing was held beginning May 13, 2013, to determine if Simpson was entitled to a new trial.[124] On November 27, 2013, Judge Linda Bell denied Simpson's bid for a new trial on the robbery conviction. In her ruling, Bell wrote that all Simpson's contentions lacked merit.[125]
Release from prison
On July 31, 2013, the Nevada Parole Board granted Simpson parole on some convictions, but his imprisonment continued based on the weapons and assault convictions. The board considered Simpson's prior record of criminal convictions and good behavior in prison in coming to the decision.[126] At his parole hearing on July 20, 2017, the board decided to grant Simpson parole, with certain parole conditions such as travel restrictions, non-contact with co-defendants from the robbery, and not drinking excessively. He was released on October 1, 2017, having served almost nine years.[127][128] On December 14, 2021, Simpson was released from parole early due to good behavior, releasing him from the previous conditions of his release and effectively making him a completely free man.[129]
Pablo Fenjves ghostwrote the 2007 book If I Did It based on interviews with Simpson. The book was published by Beaufort Books, a New York City publishing house owned by parent company Kampmann & Company/Midpoint Trade Books.[130] All rights and proceeds from the book were awarded to the family of murder victim Ron Goldman.[131]
In Fox Network's TV movie, The O. J. Simpson Story (1995), Simpson is portrayed as a youth by Bumper Robinson and as an adult by Bobby Hosea; his close friend Al Cowlings is portrayed as a youth by Terrence Howard and as an adult by David Roberson.[132][133][134]
BBC TV's documentary, O.J. Simpson: The Untold Story (2000), produced by Malcolm Brinkworth, "reveals that clues that some believe pointed away from Simpson as the killer were dismissed or ignored and highlights two other leads which could shed new light on the case."[135]
The Investigation Discovery TV movie documentary, OJ: Trial of the Century (2014), begins on the day of the murders, ends on the reading of the verdict, and comprises actual media footage of events and reactions, as they unfolded.[136]
Also an Investigation Discovery TV documentary is O.J. Simpson Trial: The Real Story (2016), which entirely comprises archival news footage of the murder case, the Bronco chase, the trial, the verdict, and reactions.[137]
In 2018, it was announced Boris Kodjoe would portray Simpson in the film Nicole & O.J.[138]
In CBS's TV movie American Tragedy (November 15, 2000), Simpson is played by Raymond Forchion.
The documentary mini-series, O.J.: Made in America (released January 22, 2016, at Sundance), directed by Ezra Edelman and produced by Laylow Films, is an American five-part, 7+1⁄2-hour film that previewed at the Tribeca and Sundance Film Festivals, and aired as part of the 30 for 30 series airing on the ABC and ESPN sister networks. This film adds "rich contextual layers to the case, including a dive into the history of Los Angeles race relations that played such a central role in his acquittal."[139] As James Poniewozik observed in his June 20, 2016, New York Times review: "the director Ezra Edelman pulls back, way back, like a news chopper over a freeway chase. Before you hear about the trial, the documentary says, you need to hear all the stories—the stories of race, celebrity, sports, America—that it's a part of."[140] The film won the 2017 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
In FX's cable TV miniseries The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story (February 2016), based on Jeffrey Toobin's book The Run of His Life: The People v. O. J. Simpson (1997), Simpson is portrayed by Cuba Gooding Jr.[141]
In NBC's miniseries Law & Order: True Crime - The Menendez Murders (2017), O.J. Simpson is shown to be jailed beside Erik Menendez's cell, and the two shared several conversations throughout Episode 7 (only Simpson's voice is present). In Episode 8, actual news footage of Simpson's verdict appeared on the television, with Simpson himself appearing on a newspaper.
In January 2020, Court TV premiered OJ25, a 25-part series documenting each week of the trial and hosted by former Los Angeles prosecutor and legal analyst Roger Cossack.[142]
The Bronco from Simpson's police chase is on display in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee's Alcatraz East Crime Museum.[143][144]
In 2017, Adam Papagan curated a pop-up museum featuring artifacts and ephemera from the trial at Coagula Curatorial gallery in Los Angeles.[145][146]
List of NCAA major college football yearly rushing leaders
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^ "Boris Kodjoe Is Unrecognizable as O.J. Simpson in First Look at Movie 'Nicole & O.J.'". PEOPLE.com. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
^ Lowry, Brian. "TV Review: 'O.J.: Made in America'". Variety. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
^ Poniewozik, James (June 20, 2016). "Television: Two Astonishing Views of O.J. Simpson and His Trial". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 23, 2016. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
^ Bernstein, Jonathan. "The People v. OJ Simpson: American Crime Story, review: 'expertly executed entertainment'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
^ Haring, Bruce (January 16, 2020). "'OJ25' True Crime Series Bows On Court TV – Documents The Murder Trial Of The Century". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on February 16, 2020. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
^ WVLT Staff (July 12, 2016). "OJ Simpson Bronco is heading to Pigeon Forge". Gray Television. Archived from the original on February 15, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
^ "OJ SIMPSON BRONCO". Alcatraz East Crime Museum. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^ "O.J. Simpson Pop-Up Museum Hits L.A.'s Chinatown". The Hollywood Reporter. August 18, 2017. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
^ EDT, H. Alan Scott On 8/18/17 at 3:46 PM (August 18, 2017). "An O.J. Simpson museum in Los Angeles shows how low Americans will go for entertainment". Newsweek. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
O. J. Simpson on Twitter
O. J. Simpson at the Pro Football Hall of Fame
O. J. Simpson at the College Football Hall of Fame
O. J. Simpson at Heisman.com
Career statistics and player information from NFL.com · Pro Football Reference
O. J. Simpson at IMDb
Preceded byChevy Chase Saturday Night Live host February 25, 1978 Succeeded byArt Garfunkel
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Monday Night Football commentators
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Game coverage
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Former key figures
ABC era (1970-2005)
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O. J. Simpson murder trial
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If I Did It
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The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story
O.J.: Made in America
Nicole & O.J.
The Murder of Nicole Brown Simpson
O. J. Simpson—championships, awards, and honors
Records Preceded byWillie Ellison NFL single-game rushing record September 16, 1973 – November 20, 1977 Succeeded byWalter Payton Preceded byJim Brown NFL single-season rushing record 1973–1984 Succeeded byEric Dickerson
1967 USC Trojans football—consensus national champions
7 Mike Holmgren
17 Mike Battle
22 Earl McCullouch
32 O. J. Simpson
56 Jimmy Gunn
74 Mike Taylor
77 Ron Yary
84 Bob Klein
88 Tim Rossovich
Dennis Crane
Bill Hayhoe
Mike Hull
Head coach: John McKay
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Heisman Trophy winners
1935: Berwanger
1936: Kelley
1937: Frank
1938: O'Brien
1939: Kinnick
1940: Harmon
1941: B. Smith
1942: Sinkwich
1943: Bertelli
1944: Horvath
1945: Blanchard
1946: G. Davis
1947: Lujack
1948: D. Walker
1949: Hart
1950: Janowicz
1951: Kazmaier
1952: Vessels
1953: Lattner
1954: Ameche
1955: Cassady
1956: Hornung
1957: Crow
1958: Dawkins
1959: Cannon
1960: Bellino
1961: E. Davis
1962: Baker
1963: Staubach
1964: Huarte
1965: Garrett
1966: Spurrier
1967: Beban
1968: Simpson
1969: Owens
1970: Plunkett
1971: Sullivan
1972: Rodgers
1973: Cappelletti
1974: A. Griffin
1976: Dorsett
1977: Campbell
1978: Sims
1979: C. White
1980: Rogers
1981: Allen
1982: H. Walker
1983: Rozier
1984: Flutie
1985: B. Jackson
1986: Testaverde
1987: Brown
1988: Sanders
1989: Ware
1990: Detmer
1991: Howard
1992: Torretta
1993: Ward
1994: Salaam
1995: George
1996: Wuerffel
1997: Woodson
1998: Williams
1999: Dayne
2000: Weinke
2001: Crouch
2002: Palmer
2003: J. White
2004: Leinart
2005: vacated *
2006: T. Smith
2007: Tebow
2008: Bradford
2009: Ingram
2010: Newton
2011: Griffin III
2012: Manziel
2013: Winston
2014: Mariota
2015: Henry
2016: L. Jackson
2017: Mayfield
2018: Murray
2019: Burrow
2020: D. Smith
2021: Young
*Note: The 2005 winner was originally awarded to Reggie Bush, but he forfeited the award in 2010 due to violating NCAA rules. The Heisman Trust subsequently decided to leave the 2005 award vacated.
Maxwell Award winners
1941: Dudley
1942: Governali
1943: Odell
1946: Trippi
1948: Bednarik
1950: Bagnell
1954: Beagle
1956: McDonald
1957: Reifsnyder
1959: Lucas
1961: Ferguson
1964: Ressler
1965: Nobis
1966: Lynch
1969: Reid
1971: Marinaro
1972: Van Pelt
1974: Joachim
1975: Griffin
1977: Browner
1978: Fusina
1980: Green
1985: Long
1987: McPherson
1989: Thompson
1994: Collins
1997: P. Manning
2000: Brees
2001: Dorsey
2002: Johnson
2003: E. Manning
2005: V. Young
2006: Quinn
2009: McCoy
2011: Luck
2012: Te'o
2013: McCarron
2016: Jackson
2018: Tagovailoa
2020: Smith
2021: B. Young
Walter Camp Award winners
1977: MacAfee
1979: White
1990: Ismail
2000: Heupel
2003: Fitzgerald
2005: Bush
2007: McFadden
2021: K. Walker III
Sporting News College Football Player of the Year winners
1964: Butkus
1965: Anderson & Grabowski
1971: Sullivan & Marinaro
1972: B. Jones
1973: Hicks
1989: Hagen
1992: M. Jones
1995: Frazier
2004: A. Smith
2008: Harrell, Bradford & McCoy
2011: R. Griffin
UPI College Football Player of the Year winners
1953: Giel
1956: Majors
B Gary Beban
B Larry Csonka
B Leroy Keyes
B O. J. Simpson
E Dennis Homan
E Ron Sellers
OT Edgar Chandler
OT Ron Yary
G Rich Stotter
G Harry Olszewski
C Bob Johnson
DL Dennis Byrd
DL Ted Hendricks
DL Granville Liggins
DL Wayne Meylan
DL Tim Rossovich
LB Don Manning
LB Adrian Young
DB Dick Anderson
DB Bobby Johns
DB Frank Loria
DB Tom Schoen
QB Terry Hanratty
B Chris Gilbert
E Jerry LeVias
E Ted Kwalick
T Dave Foley
T George Kunz
G Charles Rosenfelder
G Jim Barnes
G Mike Montler
C John Didion
DL Joe Greene
DL Chuck Kyle
DL Bill Stanfill
DL Ed White
DL John Zook
LB Steve Kiner
LB Dennis Onkotz
LB Mike Ballou
DB Jake Scott
DB Roger Wehrli
DB Al Worley
National Football League Draft first overall picks
1937: Francis
1938: C. Davis
1939: Aldrich
1940: Cafego
1946: Dancewicz
1947: Fenimore
1948: Gilmer
1951: Rote
1952: Wade
1953: Babcock
1954: B. Garrett
1955: Shaw
1956: Glick
1958: Hill
1959: Duncan
1961: Mason
1964: Parks
1965: Frederickson
1967: Bu. Smith
1968: Yary
1970: Bradshaw
1972: Patulski
1973: Matuszak
1974: Jones
1975: Bartkowski
1976: Selmon
1977: Bell
1979: Cousineau
1980: B. Sims
1982: K. Sims
1983: Elway
1984: Fryar
1985: Br. Smith
1988: Bruce
1989: Aikman
1991: Maryland
1992: Emtman
1993: Bledsoe
1994: Wilkinson
1995: Carter
1997: Pace
1999: Couch
2001: Vick
2002: Carr
2007: Russell
2009: Stafford
2013: Fisher
2014: Clowney
2016: Goff
2017: M. Garrett
American Football League first overall draft picks
1961: Gaiters
1962: Gabriel
1963: Buchanan
1964: Concannon
1965: Namath
1966: Grabowski
1967: Griese (#4 Common Draft)
1968: Johnson (#2 Common Draft)
1969: Simpson (#1 Common Draft)
George Kunz
Leroy Keyes
Joe Greene
Greg Cook
Ron Sellers
Ted Kwalick
Marty Domres
Jim Seymour
Bill Stanfill
Rich Moore
Fred Dryer
Rufus Mayes
Ron Pritchard
Gene Washington
John Shinners
Bob Babich
Roger Wehrli
Ron Johnson
Bob Klein
Art Thoms
Jim Marsalis
Calvin Hill
Eddie Hinton
Dave Foley
Buffalo Bills 1969 AFL draft selections
Bill Enyart
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Ben Mayes
John Helton
Waddey Harvey
James Harris
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Lloyd Pate
Leon Lovelace
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Karl Wilson
Robert Kirk
Wayne Lineberry
Buffalo Bills first-round draft picks
Patulski
DeLamielleure
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Cousineau
Ritcher
Conlan
J. Williams
T. Smith
A. Smith
McGahee
Losman
Whitner
McCargo
McKelvin
Maybin
Spiller
Dareus
Gilmore
Associated Press NFL Most Valuable Player Award winners
1957: J. Brown
1959: Unitas
1960: Van Brocklin
1962: J. Taylor
1963: Tittle
1966: Starr
1968: Morrall
1970: Brodie
1971: Page
1972: L. Brown
1974: Stabler
1975: Tarkenton
1977: Payton
1980: Sipe
1981: Anderson
1982: Moseley
1983: Theismann
1984: Marino
1986: L. Taylor
1988: Esiason
1989: Montana
1991: Thomas
1995: Favre
1997: Favre & Sanders
1998: Davis
1999: Warner
2000: Faulk
2002: Gannon
2003: Manning & McNair
2004: Manning
2005: Alexander
2006: Tomlinson
2007: Brady
2012: Peterson
2016: Ryan
2018: Mahomes
Associated Press NFL Offensive Player of the Year Award winners
1982: Fouts
1986: Dickerson
1987: Rice
1988: Craig
1990: Moon
1991: T. Thomas
2002: Holmes
2003: Lewis
2017: Gurley
2019: M. Thomas
Bert Bell Award winners
1962: Robustelli
1965: Retzlaff
1966: Meredith
1968: Kelly
1970: Blanda
1974: Olsen
1977: Griese
1980: Jaworski
1983: Riggins
1986: Taylor
1988: Cunningham
2014: Watt
2017: Wentz
United States Superstars champions
1973: Bob Seagren
1974: Kyle Rote Jr.
1975: O. J. Simpson
1978: Wayne Grimditch
1979: Greg Pruitt
1980: Charles White
1981: Renaldo Nehemiah
1984: Tom Petranoff
1985: Mark Gastineau
1988: Herschel Walker
1989: Willie Gault
1991: Kelly Gruber
1992: Mike Powell
1993: Dave Johnson
1998: Jason Sehorn
2001: Hermann Maier
2002: Bode Miller
2003: Jeremy Bloom
NFL annual rushing yards leaders
1932: Battles
1933: Musick
1934: Feathers
1936: Leemans
1938: B. White
1939: Osmanski
1941: Manders
1943: Paschal
1945: Van Buren
1950: Motley
1951: Price
1952: Towler
1953: Perry
1956: Casares
1962: Ji. Taylor
1966: Sayers
1971: Little
1974: Armstrong
1982: McNeil
1989: Okoye
1999: James
2004: Martin
2010: Foster
2011: Jones-Drew
2016: Elliott
2017: Hunt
2021: Jo. Taylor
NFL annual rushing touchdowns leaders
1932: Nagurski
1933: Presnell
1934: Clark & Feathers
1935: Caddel
1936: Clark
1937: Battles, Clark & Hinkle
1938: Farkas
1939: Drake
1941: Gallarneau
1942: Famiglietti
1946: Fritsch
1951: Goode
1964: Moore
1969: Matte
1970: Lane
1972: M. Morris
1973: Little & Simpson
1975: Banaszak & Simpson
1976: Harris
1978: D. Sims
1980: Campbell & B. Sims
1981: Muncie
1982: M. Allen
1984: Dickerson & Riggins
1985: J. Morris
1987: Hector & White
1990: Fenner & Gary
1996: T. Allen
1997: Abdul-Jabbar & T. Davis
1998: T. Davis
1999: S. Davis
2013: Charles & Lynch
2014: Lynch & Murray
2015: Freeman, Hill, Peterson & Williams
2016: Blount
2019: Henry & Jones
NFL annual scoring leaders
1933: Presnell & Strong
1938: Hinkle
1940: Hutson
1947: Harder
1949: Harder & Roberts
1950: Walker
1951: Hirsch
1952: Soltau
1954: Walston
1956: Layne
1957: Groza
1963: Chandler
1966: Gossett
1967: Bakken
1969: Cox
1971: Yepremian
1972: Marcol
1973: Ray
1976: Linhart
1977: Mann
1978: Corral
1979: J. Smith
1981: Septien
1984: Wersching
1985: Butler
1986: Franklin
1988: Norwood
1989: Cofer
1990: Lowery
1991: Lohmiller
1992: Stoyanovich
1993: Jaeger
1994: Carney
1995: E. Smith
1996: Kasay
1997: Hollis
1999: Vanderjagt
2003: Wilkins
2004: Vinatieri
2007: Crosby
2008: Gostkowski
2009: Kaeding
2010: Akers
2016: Bryant
2017: Zuerlein
2018: Fairbairn
2019: Butker
2020: Carlson, Koo, & Sanders
2021: Carlson & Folk
National Football League running backs with 2,000 rushing yards in a single season
1984: Eric Dickerson
1997: Barry Sanders
1998: Terrell Davis
2003: Jamal Lewis
2009: Chris Johnson
2012: Adrian Peterson
2020: Derrick Henry
NFL players with 10,000 rushing yards
Walter Payton
Curtis Martin
LaDainian Tomlinson
Jerome Bettis
Tony Dorsett
Marshall Faulk
Edgerrin James
Franco Harris
Thurman Thomas
Fred Taylor
Steven Jackson
John Riggins
Corey Dillon
LeSean McCoy
Warrick Dunn
Ricky Watters
Jamal Lewis
Tiki Barber
Eddie George
Marshawn Lynch
Ottis Anderson
Ricky Williams
Italics denotes active player
NFL's 1970s All-Decade Team
Terry Bradshaw
Ken Stabler
Earl Campbell
Harold Carmichael
Drew Pearson
Paul Warfield
Dave Casper
Charlie Sanders
Art Shell
Rayfield Wright
Ron Yary
John Hannah
Larry Little
Gene Upshaw
Jim Langer
Mike Webster
Carl Eller
L. C. Greenwood
Jack Youngblood
Bob Lilly
Merlin Olsen
Bobby Bell
Robert Brazile
Dick Butkus
Jack Ham
Ted Hendricks
Jack Lambert
Willie Brown
Jimmy Johnson
Louis Wright
Dick Anderson
Cliff Harris
Ken Houston
Larry Wilson
Garo Yepremian
Jim Bakken
Ray Guy
Jerrel Wilson
Rick Upchurch
Billy Johnson
National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team
Sammy Baugh
Otto Graham
Marion Motley
Bronko Nagurski
Gale Sayers
Steve Van Buren
Lance Alworth
Raymond Berry
Don Hutson
Kellen Winslow
Roosevelt Brown
Forrest Gregg
Anthony Muñoz
Mel Hein
Deacon Jones
Gino Marchetti
Reggie White
Willie Lanier
Ray Nitschke
Mel Blount
Dick Lane
Rod Woodson
Jan Stenerud
National Football League 100th Anniversary All-Time Team
Dan Marino
Dutch Clark
Lenny Moore
Larry Fitzgerald
Marvin Harrison
Elroy Hirsch
Steve Largent
Tony Gonzalez
John Mackey
Cal Hubbard
Walter Jones
Jonathan Ogden
Larry Allen
Dan Fortmann
Bruce Matthews
Randall McDaniel
Jim Otto
Dwight Stephenson
Doug Atkins
Bill Hewitt
Lee Roy Selmon
Bruce Smith
Buck Buchanan
John Randle
Randy White
Chuck Bednarik
Joe Schmidt
Darrell Green
Jack Christiansen
Ed Reed
Emlen Tunnell
Shane Lechler
Adam Vinatieri
Devin Hester
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Tom Landry
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Bill Walsh
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League: National Football League (1970–present)
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Former league affiliation
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Pro Football Hall of Fame Class of 1985
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Members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame
Aikman
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Elway
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Wide receivers /
Alworth
Badgro
Biletnikoff
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Pre-modern era
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Defensive backs
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Placekickers
and punters
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W. Mara
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Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year
1931: Pepper Martin
1932: Gene Sarazen
1933: Carl Hubbell
1934: Dizzy Dean
1935: Joe Louis
1936: Jesse Owens
1937: Don Budge
1939: Nile Kinnick
1940: Tom Harmon
1941: Joe DiMaggio
1942: Frank Sinkwich
1943: Gunder Hägg
1944: Byron Nelson
1946: Glenn Davis
1947: Johnny Lujack
1948: Lou Boudreau
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1985: Dwight Gooden
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1996: Michael Johnson
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2001: Barry Bonds
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2007: Tom Brady
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2010: Drew Brees
2011: Aaron Rodgers
2013: LeBron James
2014: Madison Bumgarner
2015: Stephen Curry
2017: José Altuve
2019: Kawhi Leonard
2021: Shohei Ohtani
Sporting News Sportsman / Pro Athlete of the Year
1970: John Wooden
1972: Charlie Finley
1974: Lou Brock
1975: Archie Griffin
1976: Larry O'Brien
1980: George Brett
1982: Whitey Herzog
1983: Bowie Kuhn
1984: Peter Ueberroth
1985: Pete Rose
1987: None
1988: Jackie Joyner-Kersee
1990: Nolan Ryan
1992: Mike Krzyzewski
1993: Cito Gaston & Pat Gillick
1994: Emmitt Smith
1996: Joe Torre
1998: Mark McGwire & Sammy Sosa
1999: New York Yankees
2000: Marshall Faulk & Kurt Warner
2001: Curt Schilling
2002: Tyrone Willingham
2003: Dick Vermeil & Jack McKeon
2005: Matt Leinart
2006: Dwyane Wade
2008: Eli Manning
2009: Mariano Rivera
2010: Roy Halladay
Hickok Belt winners
1950: Phil Rizzuto
1951: Allie Reynolds
1952: Rocky Marciano
1955: Otto Graham
1957: Carmen Basilio
1958: Bob Turley
1960: Arnold Palmer
1964: Jim Brown
1968: Joe Namath
1970: Brooks Robinson
1972: Steve Carlton
1976: Ken Stabler
1977–2011 not awarded
2018: Patrick Mahomes
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USC Trojans men's track and field athletes


text:
Coronavirus: Why is Germany's fatality rate so low?
Germany has received a great deal of attention for having a lower death rate for COVID-19 than most comparable European countries. A simple explanation for the low case-fatality rate in Germany is that the country has been testing more people, so they have more confirmed cases for the same number of fatalities.
In many countries, only high-risk patients and the most critically ill are being tested. This results in fairly accurate fatality numbers but dramatically underestimates case numbers, as most cases cause mild illness and would not be tested.
Germany's robust and rapid testing programme was helped by the use of a distributed network of testing through individual hospitals, clinics and laboratories, instead of relying on tests from a single government resource, as was the case in countries such as the US and the UK. The federated German system allows for more regional autonomy, making it easier for local healthcare systems to coordinate the work of different laboratories.
Distributed testing is now slowly being implemented in many countries.
Consequences of increased testing
The low fatality rate in Germany is not just a matter of the number of tests, but also how the government has acted on the data. Germany's robust testing programme is coupled with identifying and isolating infected patients. As the virus spreads most effectively from people at early stages of the disease with no or mild symptoms, early identification and isolation would have a disproportionately large impact on the spread of the disease.
Slowing the spread of the virus in Germany has also allowed for increased hospital readiness that helps to reduce fatalities. For example, the number of acute-care beds in Germany is 621 per 100,000 people, compared with Italy's 275 beds per 100,000 and the UK's 228 beds per 100,000.
The impact of early interventions and increased preparedness can be seen in the time from the first case to the first fatality of COVID-19. Germany had its first case of coronavirus on January 27, before Italy on January 31, but the first fatality was not recorded until March 9, significantly later than in Italy on Feburary 21. The increased critical care capacity is also probably playing a role in reducing fatalities in Germany.
A question of age?
It has been reported that only 20% of cases in Germany are in people over 60 years old (compared with up to 50% in other European countries, such as Spain).
We know that COVID-19 causes more severe illness and has a higher fatality rate in older people, so the percentage of people over 60 that are infected could dramatically influence the fatality rate. But the median age of the population in Germany is 45.7 years old with 21% of their population being over 65 years old, comparable with that seen in Italy (median age 47.3, 23% over 65 years old) and older than that of the UK (median age 40.5, 19% over 65 years old).
This suggests Germany's low rate of infection in over 60s is more likely to do with rapid testing, isolation and physical-distancing measures than simply demographics.
In spite of Germany's strengths around isolation, hospital preparation and so on, it still suffered from the same delayed response as many other countries. Having seen the spread of COVID-19 through China and then Italy, Germany did not enact a nationwide programme of physical distancing measures until March 22.
For comparison, Italy began lockdowns on March 8. This is probably part of the explanation for why Germany's low number of fatalities has not been accompanied by a low number of cases or a low rate of transmission. Perhaps earlier implementation of distancing protocols would have also reduced the spread of COVID-19 in the country.
Lessons for the rest of the world
Overall, the German response has been a good example of how countries can combat the spread and severity of COVID-19. The core of the German response matches very well with recommendations from the World Health Organization: prepare, test (isolate and treat) and mitigate the spread of the virus.
Many countries are now focusing on the mitigation aspect, employing physical distancing measures to reduce transmission. But without widespread testing, countries won't know who's infected, they won't be able to ensure their isolation, and they won't be able to control the pandemic.
With many of us doing our part in lockdown and practising physical distancing, it is the responsibility of governments around the world to ensure that this time is effectively used. Containment will not be possible without widespread testing.
Jeremy Rossman has received research funding from the Medical Research Council and the European Commission. He is the President of the non-profit organisation Research-Aid Networks.
Source: The Conversation: Health
https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-why-is-germanys-fatality-rate-so-low-135496
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Good news! Microsoft has finally elected a build of Windows 10 Threshold 2 that will roll out to the public! According to my contacts, build 10586 is the build in question that has been selected as the final build of Threshold 2, for both desktop and mobile. The company is planning to begin rolling the update out sometime this month for everyone.
Microsoft has now finalized Windows 10, ready for its release later this month. Sources familiar with Microsoft's plans tell The Verge that the software giant has selected build 10240 as the final release to manufacturing (RTM) copy, allowing PC makers to start loading the software onto new machines ready for release. We understand that Microsoft is signing off on the build internally today, and may announce the RTM publicly by the end of the week or choose to ignore the milestone and focus on the launch. While Microsoft is planning to launch Windows 10 on July 29th, new PCs with the software won't be available until some weeks later. Microsoft is now pushing for existing and new device owners to upgrade to Windows 10 as part of a new marketing campaign.
With Windows 10's July 29th launch date fast approaching, Microsoft is entering the final days of eliminating bugs and polishing the user interface. And one polish that was revealed in more detail today was the making of the new Windows 10 Hero Desktop Image.


Lee leads Gray Television's National Investigative Team. Lee also works as an Evening News Anchor and Chief Investigative Reporter at Gray's New Orleans television station. Lee has been honored with journalism's top honors including two George Foster Peabody Awards, three Alfred I. duPont Silver Batons, nine National Edward R. Murrow Awards, and the Investigative Reporters and Editors Medal. Lee is a New Orleans native and a graduate of Syracuse University's Newhouse School of Public Communications.
Jill is an experienced investigative journalist who spent more than three decades at The Columbus Dispatch in Ohio. Jill investigated, among other things, naughty teachers, predatory mortgage brokers, slumlords, guardians who neglect and steal from mentally incompetent adults, and college campuses where rapes and other violent crimes are hidden. For kicks, she digs into sports and has written extensively about the dark side of youth, high school and college athletics. Her work has won dozens of state and national awards. She serves on the board of Investigative Reporters and Editors.
Megan came to InvestigateTV from Investigative Reporters and Editors (IRE), where she served as training director since 2012. Megan has worked in radio, TV and most recently, newspapers. Before she joined IRE, Megan was a government reporter for the Argus Leader in South Dakota and a computer-assisted reporting specialist for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Previously, she worked at IRE and NICAR in the Database Library while completing her master's degree at the University of Missouri.
Jamie specializes in crime, political and data investigative reporting and producing. Prior to coming to InvestigateTV, she was an assistant professor at the University of Missouri School of Journalism and managing editor/chief investigator for the NBC affiliate in the Columbia/Jefferson City area. She has prior reporting experience in Iowa and Idaho and has won various state and regional awards for her investigative work. Jamie is a graduate of Mizzou, with degrees in journalism and higher education leadership and policy analysis.