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September 28, 2021 - From the September, 2021 issue
South LA's Earvin "Magic" Johnson Park Renovation—Lai & Murdoch on Design, Sustainability & Community Enhancement
Gary Lai
Paul Murdoch
Earvin
EMJ Park
In April of 2020, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors approved funding to complete the first phase of renovation of Earvin "Magic" Johnson Park (EMJ Park) in the unincorporated South LA neighborhood of Willowbrook. With the recent completion of Phase 1, TPR spoke with two of the key engineering and design professionals leading the park's renovation: Gary Lai,Director of Regenerative Design with AHBE/MIG, and Paul Murdoch, president and founder of Paul Murdoch Architects. In this interview, the two discuss their "charge" from LA County and how the improvements would respond to the long-neglected recreation, health, and civic needs of South LA residents.
"We need to have open spaces that reflect what nature can do and how it can help the environment." -Gary Lai
"It is very important for us to think about diversity, equity, and environmental justice in everything that we do, including kids from these underserved neighborhoods getting into our profession." -Gary Lai
What was the charge LA County gave you when they retained you to do this public project in South Los Angeles?
Gary Lai: The original charge was from the L.A. County Community Development Agency. This project is supposed to be a 21st-century park that provides a viable and quality open space for the community. County Public Works then joined and said that Proposition O funding would cover a lot of the amenities, because of their charge to keep heavy metals and bacteria away from Compton Creek. Again, the latter's involvement created a nice synergy. All of the sudden, we had several different objectives we could solve at the same time and the needed funding to make those things happen.
The first phase of a major renovation of Magic Johnson Park has just been completed. Share, Gary, what the County's ultimate goals were for this South LA park. And what the design and sustainability challenges were, most especially the water infrastructure fixes, that you took on by being point for this long-awaited public investment in EMJ Park?
Gary Lai: The original lake in EMJ Park was built in the mid-1980s. They dug a hole, installed a liner, and it didn't have a recirculation system. Both the water quality and amount of water being used was astronomical. Millions of gallons were used and evaporated each year.
In looking at the sustainability features, what we also had to realize is that this was an old oil processing plant. We couldn't infiltrate water due to the fear of infiltrating pollution into the groundwater. Fortunately, we had a very talented water engineering firm, PACE Advanced Water Technologies, that looked at what we could do with this lake. The County had also been doing measurements on the water that was going into Compton Creek, so we were able to get actual data to understand how much water we would be getting from the 347 acres of watershed. Everything seemed to come together in terms of getting enough water to make it a recycled water lake. There was also the funding and participation of LA County Public Works because this lake also acts as a check for flooding. It captures the 85th percentile storm and stores the water in the lake. I'm not going to say it was easy, but it seemed to all come together at one time to be able to have a substantial and sustainable water feature in this park.
Pivoting to you, Paul, speak to the building and public spaces that you designed to complement the water filtration park improvements.
Paul Murdoch: Our charge from LA County was to create a community activity center in the park. There is very little in the way of meeting spaces like this in the community. We saw a civic purpose as well as a park purpose for the building. Similar to how the water system expands beyond the park for the urban watershed, we saw the building as reaching beyond the park to provide educational and social venues for the community.
And the design challenges?
Paul Murdoch: It was always clear to us that the lakes in this park were beautiful amenities. We set about complimenting that in the building by stretching it across the lake edge so that many of the spaces inside would be able to take advantage of the views and access to the lake. We created spaces with Gary between the building and the lake, so there would also be a lot of options for outdoor programming. On one side of the building are three different classrooms for flexible uses that open to outdoor classrooms and a play area. Then, we have an entrance lobby, which can be accessed from both sides of the building. You can just walk right through the building to the lake. It is meant to be this porous building that way. At the other end of the building is the event hall. It can seat 300 to 350 people with table settings and 600 to 700 people for lecture-style events. The event hall can be subdivided into three spaces, all served by a single kitchen. At the other end of the building is a wedding lawn. The building's space is very accessible for a wedding ceremony or other social events at the park.
Given both the site and scope challenges of EMJ Park, elaborate on the project's biggest challenge that you encountered?
Gary Lai: I would say funding was always the biggest challenge. We were charged with creating a world-class, 21st-century park, and we started to design what we would consider to be a world-class 21st-century park that was roughly $100-and-some-odd million dollars, which started to get scaled back unpredictably. For example, they would cut the budget in half, and then they would find more money, and that would go back and forth.
The original scheme was that we were going to drain the lake. Once we decided to keep the lake and make it a recycled water lake, that opened up over half the funding for it. Public Works was able to use Proposition O funds, but that was about three years between when we first started and when we decided to keep the lake.
Paul, what were the greatest challenges for the architect (redrafting, redrawing, re-fashioning)?
Paul Murdoch: As Gary said, there was this challenge of budget, which has so much to do with the appropriate vision for the project. It's not just a matter of cutting things if the funds aren't there; it's of re-visioning the project. For example, our initial building was a much more organically shaped building integrated into the park with undulating paths. Once it was clear that was not on the table in terms of budget, we took an approach for a more streamlined, clean, and simple building.
Address the community engagement strategy that ultimately helped shape the renovation's first phase.
Gary Lai: We were involved in the master planning process back in 2014, and we did a lot of the community engagement at that point. The number one thing the community needed was an open space to exercise. If you go to the park today, the predominant activity is walking, and we needed to preserve that. This community had not seen any improvement in any of their facilities for so long that they were happy we were coming in to do something. They were really skeptical about whether this project was going to die or not, but from the programming phase on, all of the features that we are talking about were programmed by the community.
Paul, designing the largest public event space in South LA must have had its challenges also?
Paul Murdoch: The mandate was to have a flexible social activity center in this park, and there was talk about how big it should be. At the time, I didn't know it would be the biggest meeting room in South LA. In talking to people, it became clear that there just weren't these sorts of public venues. Somebody said the closest they had was in Carson at CSU Dominguez Hills, which drove home the need to allow this space to be able to be used lots of different ways. Also, that it had this unique setting next to this newly restored lake meant that we really wanted to open it up to the park.
Like most land uses in Southern California, we need to get more out of the land and there's more of an intensification of uses. This park is an interesting example of that in the sense that we're not giving up open space, rather, we're emphasizing how valuable it is. It is still predominantly an open space, but it now has a lot more outdoor options in terms of activities. The complementary relationship of the architecture to the landscape architecture is critical in any one of these parks.
Share with our readers who compose the team you pulled together? Gary, let's start with you and the sustainable water professionals on the team?
Gary Lai: We have 26 subs on this team. Besides the subs that take care of the buildings, we have subs that are taking care of the landscape and open space. Offhand, CWE was our civil engineer, PACE Advanced Water technology was our water engineer, and KPFF was structural. What was interesting during construction was how complex it was. Normally you're just building a building or you're just building a park; this was a building in a park that was doing something different in terms of utilities. I want to shout out our project manager, Wendy Chan, who was able to herd all those cats. There were times when I had engineers come up to me and say, "I don't know how you're juggling this."
Paul Murdoch: I'd also say Horton Lees Brogdon as a lighting designer was a key consultant. The park is used 24/7, so the lighting in the park is very important not just for safety and security, but also in how it features the building next to the lake and highlights the trails.
One thing Gary hasn't mentioned is the ongoing maintenance of the park. I remember during design, when the idea of this bio habitat and wetlands edge to the lake was being discussed, the big challenge were the unknowns. Not only the technical challenges but how the county would maintain that going forward. This park has been a grass lawn since its inception. It uses a lot of water, and at this point, the maintenance regime is established. The default has to change, and there was a lot of discussion about how that would happen.
Paul, given the number of challenges in designing EMJ Park, a 21st century public park, how should architectural and landscape schools prepare the next generation of professionals to be innovative and more aggressive re sustainability?
Paul Murdoch: It's a really big question, but I will say first and foremost, that I absolutely encourage every young aspiring architect and landscape designer to travel. I traveled a year after my undergraduate program, all over the world with a backpack and what little money I had. That was 40 years ago, but so many of the lessons that I learned profoundly affected me about how people live and how fragile the planet is. It is essential for young aspiring architects and designers to travel and see these things.
In work that I've done in sustainability, I am always surprised at how little crossover there is among disciplines. I encourage students to try to take other courses besides architecture and landscape design, especially chemistry, biology, science, if not sociology and anthropology. It's very important to be able to broaden their perspective and to see where architecture and design can improve the condition of people and the planet.
Gary, what are you looking for in the people you hire to work on future projects like EMJ Park?
Gary Lai: The design professions, including engineering, have lacked diversity for a long time. The next generation should be a more diverse generation. What this project is doing is bringing nature to this community. A lot of the kids in this community do not get out of South LA. If you want to talk about sustainability, we are really talking about how to ask a diverse community like this one to care about nature if they don't understand it or don't get out of South LA. We need to have open spaces that reflect what nature can do and how it can help the environment. It is very important for us to think about diversity, equity, and environmental justice in everything that we do, including, getting kids from these underserved neighborhoods into our profession.
Lastly, there already is discussion of a Phase 2 for EMJ park. What likely will be included in Phase 2, and how would it build on what has already been done?
Gary Lai: Phase 2 is under discussion. Upgrading the sports facilities is going to be a focus. While there is no confirmation from the County that that's the case, on the master plan there is an aquatic center, basketball courts, and indoor gyms. When or how we are going to be able to get that done is the next phase.
Paul Murdoch: I agree. There is a strong emphasis for sports facilities in the master plan. And from talking to the County, there is a strong need for these, so I would expect that is the next phase of development.


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When Our Lady of Częstochowa arrived at Benedictine College in Atchison, Kansas on April 10th, the Benedictine fathers and the students placed the Icon in the university chapel just before the student-led veneration. Fr West concelebrated the 5:00 PM Mass and the homily was given by Abbot James Albers, OSB, who connected the visit of the Black Madonna with the Rosary Service.
The Benedictine Fathers are the oldest West European contemplative order, founded by St. Benedict of Nursia. Around the world, Benedictines have always had a strong devotion to Our Lady. In 2008, Benedictine College build a Grotto modeled after Lourdes, to mark the 150th anniversary of the apparitions. The Benedictines base their monastic life on the Rule of St. Benedict, and the first rule is Pray and work.
This stop of the From Ocean to Ocean Campaign in Defense of Life brought together HLI vice president Fr. West with Father Matthew Habiger OSB, former president who served under HLI founder, Father Paul Marx OSB. Father Habiger commended us for the work we were doing and assured us of his prayers for us and for Fr. Boquet. In many ways, HLI is building on the work begun by Fr. Marx and continued by Fr. Habiger.
They also met Molly Loesel, who served as an intern at HLI in the Summer of 2013. Father West led the Stations of the Cross and gave a presentation about the icon, the work of HLI and the From Ocean to Ocean Pilgrimage in Defense of Life. Fr. Habiger also attended the talk. Many students came up after the presentation to take a holy card and venerate the icon.
The College is truly Catholic, and is featured in the Cardinal Newman Society's Newman Guide to Choosing a College. Here students receive a strong formation in the faith along with rigorous academics, and students certainly hear of the importance of being pro-life and being faithful to the Catholic doctrine.
During dinner with students in the cafeteria, Fr. West and Chris asked the students why they chose Benedictine College. Two answers were most prevalent; first, because Benedictine College has a real Catholic identity and second, because it feels like home. In keeping with the school's Catholic identity, and it being a Friday in Lent, fish was the featured menu item.
Early the next morning, we were invited to breakfast with the Benedictines, which we shared in silence as we listened to the spiritual reading, per the Benedictine discipline.
Before leaving with the Icon they walked around the campus and found a great vantage point to view the Mississippi River. The monastery is located on a hill above its tributary, the Missouri river.
The college made this vantage point into a contemplative spot with benches surrounded by serene quiet and beautiful plants and trees. The whole area helps one to reflect. We reflected on how Lewis and Clark must have certainly passed by this spot and how, on July 4th, we will be in Astoria, Oregon, where the explorers finally reached the Pacific Coast. We have much to look forward to on our own trek across the continent, though we can boast on behalf of our pilgrimage partners that Louis and Clark did not begin in Vladivostok, Russia!


text:
Ein Nahttrenner, auch Faden-, Saum- oder Pfeiltrenner, ist ein kleines Nähwerkzeug, das zum Trennen und Entfernen von Nähten verwendet wird.

Beschreibung
Nahttrenner sind in der Regel zwischen sieben und 15 Zentimetern lang. Ihre gängige Form besteht aus einem Griff, einem Schaft und einem Kopf aus Metall. Der Kopf ist gegabelt, und an der Basis der Gabel befindet sich eine Schneidfläche. Am Gabelkopf befindet sich zum einen eine lange, scharfe Spitze und zum anderen eine etwas kürzere mit einer kleinen Kugel.

Beim Einsatz eines Nahttrenners wird die scharfe Spitze des Werkzeugs in eine Naht unterhalb des zu schneidenden Fadens eingeführt. Man lässt den Faden nach unten in die Gabel rutschen und hebt dann das Werkzeug nach oben, so dass die Klinge den Faden durchreißt. Die – meist rote – Kugel an der kurzen Spitze soll dabei verhindern, dass mit dem Nahttrenner der Stoff beschädigt wird. Nachdem die Naht auf diese Weise aufgetrennt worden ist, kann sie neu genäht werden. Nahttrenner sind darüber hinaus etwa zum Öffnen von Knopflöchern, zum Entfernen von Etiketten an Kleidung oder zum Trennen von Stoffteilen einsetzbar.

Geschichte
Herkunft und Geschichte des Nahttrenners sind nicht genau bekannt. Eines der frühesten Patente für ein ähnliches Werkzeug war ein Fingerhut, der den Zusatz eines kleinen Messers hatte und 1883 in den USA von W. Miller erfunden wurde. 1886 legte John Ruckstuhl, ebenfalls aus den USA, das Patent für ein ripping tool ("Reißwerkzeug") vor. Ein späteres Patent für ein dem Nahttrenner ähnliches Werkzeug entwickelte John Fisher aus Kanada im Jahr 1898.

1904 ließ Allie M. Minter aus Saint Petersburg, Colorado, einen Nahttrenner für die USA und Kanada patentieren, der den später üblichen Modellen ähnlich war. Sie beschrieb ihre Erfindung im Patentantrag: "Bei dieser Erfindung handelt es sich um ein Werkzeug, das insbesondere zum Aufreißen von Nähten und zum Ausreißen der Fäden geeignet ist, wobei die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin besteht, eine Vorrichtung bereitzustellen, die so geformt ist, dass sie bequem gehandhabt und mit der eine Naht schnell und einfach aufgerissen werden kann, sowie eine Vorrichtung, die zum Aufreißen der Stiche eines Saums verwendet werden kann." Vermutlich wurde das kleine Werkzeug insbesondere für die Fertigung von Patchwork-Quilts geschaffen, um misslungene Stiche wieder aufzutrennen und Nähte an verwendeten Stoffresten auf- oder einzelne Flicken sauber abzutrennen. In Europa ließ die Schweizerin Emma Witzig 1936 einen Nahtauftrenner mit einem schlagringähnlichen Griff patentieren. Maria Enghardt, geborene Altmann, aus Deutschland erhielt 1948 das Patent für ein Schneid- und Trennwerkzeug, insbesondere fuer die Schneiderei.

Inzwischen sind Nahttrenner in verschiedenen Farben und mit Mustern auf dem Griff erhältlich, mit integrierter Lupe und Licht sowie elektrisch betrieben. Es werden Schmuck-Nahttrenner oder solche als Anhänger an einer Kette angeboten. Manche Nahttrenner sind mit einer Schutzkappe erhältlich.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Arbeitsmittel (Näherei)
Trennwerkzeug
Wikipedia:Artikel mit Video

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text: Q: Is there a way to disable event creation on certain dates only using Toust Ui Calender? I am using https://ui.toast.com/tui-calendar, There is disableClick option for the calendar but it is disabling for the whole calendar but I want to disable only for certain days, is there any method to that?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A Tungsram SC egy megszűnt labdarúgócsapat, melynek székhelye Budapest IV. kerületében volt. A csapat legjobb eredménye az NB I-ben egy nyolcadik helyezés még az 1954-es idényből.

Névváltozások
 1911–? Ampére SE
 1951–1957 ÚTE Izzó
 1957–1959 Újpesti Tungsram TE
 1959–? Budapesti Vasas Izzó SK
 ?–1980 Vasas Izzó Sportkör
 1980–? Tungsram SC
 ?–? Tungsram-Pulzus SC
 ?–1999 Tungsram SC

Híres játékosok
* a félkövérrel írt játékosok rendelkeznek felnőtt válogatottsággal.

  Antal Péter
  Barna Sándor
  Bárfy Antal
  Bukovi Gábor
  Gálhidi György
  Göröcs János
  Haász Sándor

  Kéri Károly
  Kirádi Ervin
  Kisteleki István
  Komáromi Tibor
  Lenkei Sándor
  Menczel Iván
  Noskó Ernő

  Ruzsa Sándor
  Samus Lajos
  Szántó Tibor
  Szini József
  Szűcs Lajos
  Várnai Lajos
  Városi György

Híres edzők
  Kalocsay Géza

Sikerek
NB I
 Résztvevő: 1954, 1955, 1978-79
NB II
 Bajnok: 1952, 1953

Források
 A Tungsram SC oldala a magyarfutball.hu-n

Budapesti labdarúgócsapatok
Megszűnt magyar labdarúgócsapatok
1911-ben alapított labdarúgócsapatok
Magyar labdarúgócsapatok


Daniel Sturridge scores again for Liverpool, but is it too soon to start campaign for his England recall?
What are England's options without Harry Kane?
Premier League Bingo: how many points can you win from this weekend's games?
Premier League relegation health check: Who is in best shape to avoid drop?
Daniel Sturridge has gone from unplayable to unfashionable in just four years... so what next?


An All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) is a vehicle that is designed to run on all kinds of terrains including snow, dessert, mountains etc. They are also known as quad bike, four wheeler, quadric-cycle. These four wheeler bikes usually come with a single seat. However, many companies nowadays are manufacturing those with more than one seat.
ATVs come in different models with different specifications. While some ATVs come with less powered engines and basic suspensions, some offer powerful engines along with great suspensions and shockers so that you can not only go everywhere but also fast without losing balance. ATVs are the perfect machines for adventurous people as they allow the people to go on the roughest of terrains for a thrill and action packed adventure.
ATVs are small yet tough vehicles and are really useful while working outdoors. They are also used for making short trips to the market so you would not have to take your car and worry about finding parking space or getting tickets. ATVs, however, are not street legal everywhere in the world. They are, in fact, banned from the streets in some states in the United States and in some parts of Australia.
Why You Should Own An ATV Winch?
What To Look For When Buying An ATV Winch?
However, if you are an ATV lover or own one, you should always carry the few essentials every time you go for a ride on your ATV or else you might end up exhausted and stuck somewhere. ATVs run on low pressure tires to provide maximum road grip and stability and come with a suspension system different from those of cars. Since these machines have to deal with not only mud but also hidden deep pot holes, snow, huge rocks and steep slopes, there is always a chance that they might get stuck and trust me it is not an easy task to get a stuck ATV free.
With the increased used and popularity of ATVs during the last decade, winches especially designed for ATVs have been introduced and are used by almost all ATV owners. They are used for various purposes are one of the essentials you must have if you are an ATV owner. Imagine getting stuck in a deep mud hole, crawling up a steep hill or pulling heavy objects without a winch. Not only is that tough but also almost impossible.
Just like the winches for Jeeps and other SUVs, these winches too are the best tools one can install in his ATV. However, the winches for ATV are a bit different from those suitable for cars in terms of motor specifications, pulling ropes etc. If you love taking your ATV out for challenging drives to some of the most challenging places, you should definitely consider buying a winch. They also help you tow other ATVs and even cars or pull huge objects on wheels.
Also, most ATV riders are daredevils by nature and go in for challenges far greater than what their ATVs could accomplish hence getting their rides damaged and stuck. This is another reason why ATV winches are necessary as they can help both the rider and the vehicle to get out of situations like these.
There are a number of ATV winches available in the market. This means you have a wide range of options to choose from so you can buy the one that not only suits your ATV but also your budget. However, the wide variety of winches makes it confusing and strenuous for most people to purchase the best winch.
Just like buying any machine, getting an ATV winch can be tricky as there are some factors you should definitely consider including the material, durability, reliability and safety features etc. While we will tell you about how to check and judge each of these factors, there is one factor that you will have to see yourself and that is compatibility. Since there are thousands of ATV models available, you would have to check if the winch you plan to buy even fits your ATV or not.
This is probably the most important factor that you should consider before buying a winch for your ATV. This indicates exactly how much weight the winch can pull. You would not want a winch than fails to pull your ATV if the weight is increased a bit if there is any cargo on the vehicle. You should always go for a winch that can pull at least 1.5 times of your ATVs weight.
There are different winches with different weight pulling capacities. However, you must make sure you buy the one which can carry somewhere between 1,500 to 5,000 pounds. The more weight your winch can pull, the better it will be.
Motor to a winch is what heart is to a human body. No matter how strong, weak, long or short the rope is, it would be of no use if the motor is a weak one. It is necessary that you go for a winch with a powerful motor that does not burn while pulling heavy weights. Most of the higher trim ATVs comes with powerful engines so it is better if you go for such ATVs.
Winches come with either steel ropes or synthetic cables. You should choose between the two wisely according to your needs.
Steel cables are much stronger than synthetic ones. However, they are also dangerous. It is recommended that you do not exceed the pull limits as the cable might break and cause serious damage to not only you but also to anyone else around you.
On the other hand, the synthetic ropes are less dangerous and efficient. Most synthetic cables made today are highly reliable and durable. However, there are some synthetic ropes that can break due to high heat so you must check the quality before buying one. If you plan to buy a synthetic cable, you should consider buying from the latest ones.
Newer winches come with advanced safety features that also include a remote. The remote allows you to operate the winch from a safe distance so that in case the rope breaks or anything goes unplanned, you will be completely safe. Other safety features include overload indicator that helps tells you when you should stop adding more weight. Moreover, winches also come packed with some other features such as dynamic breaking and circuit breakers.
Prices vary from brand to brand and while some winches can cost you as low as $50, some might fetch a hefty sum of $300 from you. However, if you have to buy a decent ATV winch, which is highly durable and reliable, you should be prepared to spend around $150. Do not go for extremely cheap ones as they might attract you but can prove to be seriously.
To make it easier for you, we bring you five of the best and top rated ATV winches so you can choose the ones which suit you the most and is not a burden on your pocket.
The Tungsten4x4 electric ATV winch comes with an efficient 1.6 HP electric motor. This product has impressed most of the buyers as it comes packed with a number of features. Tungsten4x4 is famous for its highly durable products and has been providing such products for many years now. Tungsten is well known company in the winch and other auto-part industry.
While most customers are satisfied by this product, there are some customers who had a negative experience. Some say they did not find the mounts in the package when they received it. One of the customers said he was disappointed by the package as it did not include a rolling fairlead and had to purchase it separately.
Most of the customers were impressed by this heavy-duty winch and even showed quite a positive response. However, a noticeable chunk of customers did not like this product. According to one of these disappointed customers, this product did not fit on his ATV so he had to return it. Another customer said the motor burnt while he was pulling the ATV.
The viper midnight series is an amazing winch, which allows you to pull up to 4,500 lb of weight. This durable comes with a powerful engine that packs 1.6 horses. The midnight series also come with an affordable price tag so you would not have to worry about the budget while budget it. This machine is made to make riding ATV stress-free.
Some of the buyers have not liked this winch as according to them, this winch does not provide the promised power and is not efficient. Furthermore, some customers complained about the quality of the cable and said they had to get it replaced by a new one after they broke.
The Big Horn 3000 LB winch is one of the best winches you can find in the market as it not only comes with extremely powerful copper motor but also offers a number of safety features. This product has been made under strict supervision and has gone through tough checking to make sure it is highly durable and does the job easily.
The Vantage 3000 by Warn is an ultimate winch that you can buy as it gives a great performance using its powerful motor. Majority of the customers are impressed by the efficiency of this product. It offers a number of features that are technologically advanced.
Most of the buyers have shown an overwhelming response by giving this product an amazing rating. However, some customers did not like it. One of these customers said the hook broke while he was pulling the ATV and had to purchase a new one.
An ATV winch is a must-have product if you own an ATV. However, as per the above given information and reviews, you must make sure you buy the winch that is durable, long lasting, cheap and gets you and vehicle out of difficult situations. A reliable winch would allow you to go on adventurous trips on your ATV without worrying about getting stuck anywhere.


text:
The Dangers of Exceptionalism
By Jennifer Curtis / February 14, 2017 / PoLAR, Series / Leave a comment
By Nisrin Elamin
FROM OUR SERIES, SPEAKING JUSTICE TO POWER: APLA / POLAR RESPOND TO THE TRUMP EXECUTIVE ORDER ON IMMIGRATION
Protest at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), Terminal 4, in New York City, against Donald Trump's executive order signed in January 2017 banning citizens of seven countries from traveling to the United States (the executive order is also known as "Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States"). January 28, 2017. Photo by Rhododendrites. CC BY-SA 4.0.
I was one of over 100 people detained at U.S. airports in late January, under President Trump's executive order barring citizens of Somalia, Sudan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Libya from entering the country. I was doing dissertation research in Sudan, when conversations about a leaked draft of the order prompted me to catch the next flight back to the U.S. There was barely enough time to say goodbye to my parents. After missing a connecting flight in London, I arrived at JFK airport around 20 minutes after immigration officials were notified about the order. In the midst of the chaos that ensued, I was detained along with other green card and visa holders from Iran and Iraq, handcuffed briefly, subjected to an uncomfortable body pat down and questioned extensively, before being released.
As a citizen of Sudan, what happened to me was not unfamiliar. I had never been handcuffed or body searched, but I had been held and questioned many times before when re-entering the U.S. on student and work visas. What made this particular incident exceptional is that I was traveling as a green-card holder with the right to enter the U.S. at anytime—or so I thought. In the end, I was let in. Some of the people who were detained with and after me, however—some also with green cards—were deported back to where they had started their journeys.
"The Future of Syria – Birth registration and statelessness." A young mother crosses the border from Syria and becomes a refugee. She carries her one-month-old son, Hamid. "Since he was born there has been non-stop bombing every day." By UNHCR / S. Rich / April 2013. CC BY-NC 2.0.
It saddens and perplexes me that my own story gained media attention, when thousands of people fleeing violence and political persecution, many of whom waited for 2 years to receive U.S. visas, were either deported or told they could not board their planes. In the days that followed, more stories of researchers, PhD students, and doctors who were detained or turned back at airports began to surface. In many cases, their accounts put a human face to the injustice and arbitrariness of this travel ban and helped galvanize the academic community, in particular, to take a stand. Indeed, in their lawsuit against the travel ban, Washington State and Minnesota cited the detrimental effects on their universities, which the 9th circuit court of appeals repeated in their approval of the temporary restraining order against the ban.
However, we should reject the notion that these unlawful detentions and deportations are particularly unjust or exceptional because they also affect academics and medical doctors whose labor is somehow more valuable than that of, say, a construction or farm worker. Nor should our outrage be greater simply because this order affects those who hold legal documents to enter and stay in the U.S. Instead this particular moment in history demands that we think about who does and does not have the right to feel safe here in the United States. Do refugees and undocumented people, for instance, have the right to feel safe and welcome in the communities they help build and sustain? Are indigenous activists who are protecting their sacred lands entitled to feel safe and protected? Do people of color have the right to feel safe and shielded by the law in their interactions with law enforcement officers? Are the working poor in this country entitled to living wages and to that feeling of security that comes with being able to take care of loved ones? Can our country truly be safe if some people living within its borders do not feel, and perhaps have never felt, safe and secure?
Two days before the executive order I was detained under came into effect, the Secure Border Fence and Immigration Enforcement Improvement order was signed. The order authorizes, among other things, the construction of more detention facilities along the U.S. southern border and empowers state and local law enforcement personnel to perform the functions of immigration officers, thereby legalizing racial profiling in determining people's immigration status. In recent years, we have seen an escalation of deportations and immigrant detentions in this country. Over 2.5 million people were deported[1] and tens of thousands of women, men and children detained, during the Obama administration alone.[2]
This 2011 photo comes from the second national wave of Operation Cross Check, a deportation effort by ICE. By U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (Department of Homeland Security). U.S. Government Works.
As it stands, this order will likely intensify the criminalization and incarceration of undocumented people. There are already multiple reports of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) raids in different cities around the country. Similarly, the travel ban signed on January 27th, although currently suspended, would legalize discrimination based on national origin and authorize immigration officials to bar nationals of seven Muslim-majority countries from entering the U.S., based on the presumption that they pose a threat to national security. The ban effectively criminalizes citizens of African and Middle Eastern countries in which U.S. and European foreign policies and military interventions have contributed directly to instability and violence.
We cannot talk about these two orders in isolation because they are interlinked, both in the ways that they are shaping immigration policy and enforcement and in terms of the effects they will have on immigrant and refugee families and communities. Nor can we remove these orders from the broader historical context in which they emerged. This is a context in which black lives are criminalized and endangered, and in which refugees and migrants fleeing war, poverty and political persecution are being refused entry into the very countries that once colonized them.
As we grapple as academics as to how to respond to these inhumane executive orders, we must draw such connections and contextualize our analysis of them within the broader histories of xenophobia and white supremacy in the U.S., as well as in Europe.
It is encouraging to see universities take a stand against these orders and commit to becoming sanctuary campuses for their students and workers. As we move forward, universities have an opportunity to engage with local communities as well, where people have been organizing for immigrant rights and racial justice for decades. As academics we must ask how we can support and learn from the work that they are already doing to create safer, more just communities where all of us all may live and thrive.
Nisrin Elamin is a PhD candidate in Anthropology at Stanford University. Her research focuses on foreign land acquisitions and on community resistance to land dispossessions in central Sudan. She is a Sudanese citizen and a permanent resident of the United States.
[1] Denvir, Daniel. "Obama Created a Deportation Machine. Soon It Will Be Trump's," The Guardian, November, 21 2016. Last accessed February 11, 2017.
[2] National Immigrant Justice Center.
About Jennifer Curtis
Jennifer Curtis is an Honorary Fellow in Social Anthropology at the University of Edinburgh: http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/staff/social_anthropology/curtis_jennifer.
View all posts by Jennifer Curtis →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


And thanks for checking us out! This site tells you almost everything you want to know about my series of story and expository writing workshops for kids.
I use "story" as a handle instead of "creative writing" because these workshops focus on elements of story. There will be constant writing opportunities for kids who have the yearning. Those who don't can simply enjoy a bath of words and images and stories. That combination will nourish natural writers. The reluctant variety begin to see the pencil as a key -- not a door. Between my pieces, and those that emerge from avid young writers in the workshops, critical elements of story begin to form in these curious brains. Magical things happen.
Expository writing is a whole 'nother deal! But guess what? It need not -- and should not -- be dry and boring to read or write. The same magic that is contained in creative writing can find its way into factual essays.
In a nutshell? You can't make kids write. But you can inspire them to write. That's what my workshops are all about.
A couple days ago, Cupcake came up to me and asked if he could write in his journal. Huh? Did I hear him correctly!!??
I didn't even know where it was. After much searching we found it and dusted it off. He sat at the table and wrote for probably 45 minutes. He was thrilled to come read me his story with a huge smile on his face. I have to admit; I cried. First, because I thought his story was brilliant. (Trust me, I don't think I have ever said that about my kids writing, and to balance it out in case I sound prideful, his spelling and mechanics were beyond awful). Secondly, because he has always hated writing.
Then came yesterday. Lightbulb was enthusiastically working on his assignment for your class. He stopped to say "I think I really like to write." WHAAAAAT? Followed by: "I just love my characters". He is relating to his story! I stopped in my tracks. Two writer haters, in two days born again to writing. It is a miracle. A revival. I am stunned.
I just wanted to say a very large and heartfelt thank you for bringing something to life in my children that I didn't even think was in there to grow. I think the biggest impact on them has been your feedback to them personally. They both feel like you believe in them as writers and that has made a night and day difference. They approach writing with much more confidence because you have told them that their writing is good! Has value! Is improving! They can't wait to share it with the class (hello, huge hurdle, especially for Cupcake).
Thank you, thank you, thank you for making my kids feel like they CAN DO IT! So different than the message they have been telling themselves over the years dealing with a learning disability.
You have made a difference in my children!!


Produce the perfect gravy with Cornerstone® and Keystone®! Our industry recognized ingredients provide ideal emulsification, texture, viscosity and creaminess.
Learn more about Jenna Matz's marketing internship and road to full time employment with Agropur.


text:
Cast Acrylic is a form of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). It is formed by casting the monomer, methyl methacrylate, mixed with initiators and possibly other additives into a form or mold. Sheet and rod stock are generated by casting into static forms, while tubing is done in rotational molds.

Advantages

It has better thermal stability, higher resistance to crazing when exposed to solvents, wider thermoforming range than extruded acrylic. Cast acrylic has a better ability to be reworked hot and it is known for its superior surface finish and optical properties. Also cast acrylic is more scratch resistant than extruded acrylic.
Cast acrylic is also preferred over extruded in applications that require machinings, such as turning on Engine Lathe or milling/drilling. Extruded acrylic, with far less thermal stability, tends to melt and clog cutting tools. Even with slow speeds and much coolant, extruded acrylic does not produce the surface finish and tight tolerances achievable with cast acrylic.

Properties
Advantages of Acrylic (PMMA):
Excellent optical clarity and transparency
Highly resistant to variations in temperature
Up to 17 times the impact resistance of ordinary glass
Half the weight of glass and ideal for precision machining
Highly resistant to many different chemicals
Has certain properties making it an ideal material for use in a wide range of applications, including medical, life sciences and food/beverage testing.

PMMA – PolyMethyl MethAcrylate.  Crylux, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex are trade names for Acrylic.

Technical specification
General Properties:
Relative Density 1.19 g/cm3
Rockwell Hardness M 102
Water Absorption 0.2%
Flammability Class 3 (BS 476 pt 7), UL94 HB
Mechanical:
Tensile Strength 75 MPa
Flexural Strength 115 MPa
Thermal Properties:
Minimum Service Temperature -40°C
Maximum Service Temperature 80°C
Softening Point >110°C
Linear Expansion 7.7×10-5
Optical Properties:
Light Transmission >92%
Refractive Index 1.49

Usage

This type of acrylic is often used for aquariums, awards, financial tombstones, trophies, corporate gifts, and other products that require shaping or machining. It tends to be more clear and made to a higher quality standard, but in doing so makes it more expensive than extruded acrylic. Cast Acrylic also cuts smoother then extruded which makes it very popular with crafters as mentioned below.

Cast Acrylic has become very popular for use by crafters using Acrylic Blanks. Acrylic blanks refer to blank objects or shapes made from acrylic plastic that are used as a base or starting point for a craft project. Crafters use acrylic blanks in a variety of ways, depending on the type and size of the blank. Here are some examples of how crafters use acrylic blanks:

Keychains and charms: Acrylic shapes can be cut by lasers into small shapes and decorated with paint, vinyl, or glitter to create custom keychains or charms. Crafters can add their own designs or use stencils and templates to create unique shapes.

Jewelry: Acrylic blanks can be used as a base for creating jewelry, such as earrings or pendants. Crafters can add their own designs or images to the acrylic blank using paint, markers, or vinyl.

Signs and home decor: Acrylic blanks can be cut into larger shapes to create signs or home decor pieces. Crafters can add custom designs or messages using paint, vinyl, or decals.

Cake toppers and decorations: Acrylic blanks can be used to create cake toppers and decorations for special occasions such as weddings, birthdays, or holidays. Crafters can customize the acrylic blank with paint or vinyl to match the theme of the event.

References

See also

 Financial tombstone
 Acrylic embedment

Plastics industry


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Home Archive Ultimate Guide to Boulder's Neighborhoods
Ultimate Guide to Boulder's Neighborhoods
In Arts & Culture, Attractions, Entertainment, Food & Drink, Shopping, Things to do, Where to Stay by Travel Boulder March 1, 2018 Leave a Comment
Boulder's neighborhoods aren't as distinct as New York or San Francisco. But as Boulder continues to grow up, its regions develop stronger personalities.
For example, North Boulder is artsy. East is full of breweries — and (either fittingly or ironically, depending on how you look at it) a ton of fitness gyms. West is the foothills, where you can find the best hiking trails. South Boulder has a ton of hidden-gem, ethnic restaurants. Downtown centers around the historic, brick-lined Pearl Street pedestrian mall.
You can explore a certain region specifically for its offerings. (Like looking to brewery hop like a boss? Head east.) Or you can make a certain neighborhood your home base and venture out from there.
There is no official, indisputable map of Boulder's neighborhoods, but here's how the locals break it down:
Downtown Boulder
University Hill
CU campus
Downtown is obvious, with its red-brown brick streets, historic buildings and plethora of shopping. From spring to winter, this busy shopping stretch is always decorated and spirited. This is the heart of Boulder and the most popular area for travelers to explore.
Perimeters: Sixth Street to Spruce Street to around 28th Street to Arapahoe.
Head here for: Shopping (especially local, independent stores), coffee, reputable restaurants, street buskers, the Farmers Market, people-watching, indie bookstores, spas, art galleries, live music, the Boulder Theater, nightlife, the Boulder Public Library, kids' activities, historic buildings, community festivals, patio dining, the Boulder Creek.
Boulder County Farmers Market
This is so much more than just outdoor grocery shopping. The Boulder County Farmers Market is one of the most happening events in Boulder. A trip to town wouldn't be complete without it.
It's a foodie paradise, blending local fare with entertainment and socialization. It's also a great way to spend a free or super cheap weekend in Boulder, whether you're with family or traveling solo, looking to make new connections.
Find it on 13th Street in downtown Boulder, between Canyon Boulevard and Arapahoe Avenue, next to Central Park. Here's all you need to know to get the most out of the Boulder County Farmers Market.
More to Experience
Boulder's Street Performers
A Peek Inside the Fresh Produce Store
Fashionable Shops on the Pearl Street Mall
Art + Soul Gallery is Truly Boulder
A Closer Look at the Boulder Theater
This Vs. That: Gemstone Facial Vs. Pampered Vegan Body Treatment
This Vs. That: Boulder Book Store vs. Trident Booksellers
Free Things to Do at the Boulder Public Library
Slider: Only on the Pearl Street Mall
A collection of quirky things and people you'll see only on Pearl Street.
See the full gallery here.
Downtown Boulder With Your Kids
Downtown Boulder is made for families. Here are eight the best ways to experience it with your little ones. Pick one destination or combine your favorites to fill your summer with family-friendly fun.
Experience downtown with your kids in a variety of ways: through free entertainment, with water, through reading or through local food and more.
Here are nine of our favorite things to do with our kids in Downtown boulder.
The 9 Top Pearl Street Restaurants
Attention foodies. This street's for you.
Some of Boulder's best restaurants are directly on or a few blocks off Pearl Street. And if it's the best dining in Boulder, it's some of the best dining in the nation. Because Boulder has a long list of national rankings for its food, including being named Bon Appétit's Foodiest Town in North America.
Plan a foodie tour down Pearl Street and you'll quickly see why.
Boulder's Bohemian Beirgarten
Tahona Tequila Bistro
Ozo Coffee Vs. Boxcar Coffee
Historic Vs. Modern Rooms at the Hotel Boulderado
Hotel Boulderado is quintessential Boulder. It's Boulder's oldest hotel, dating back to the days of horses and buggies, even before hippies and long before hipsters. The Boulderado, 2115 13th St., prides itself in being one of Boulder's finest places to stay.
North Boulder, also known as NoBo, is a newer corner of town. It's the gateway to the mountain highway and town of Lyons, but it has become its own destination over the years. With a variety of art galleries and regular art events, it has emerged as a major arts hub.
Perimeters: Everything north of Iris; may also include Old North Boulder north of Balsam, although that's mostly residential.
Head here for: Art galleries, public art, cool Airbnbs, local restaurants, First Friday Artwalks, easy trail access, North Boulder Park, mountain views, fewer crowds.
What Makes NoBo the Big, New Arts Center of Boulder?
The newest art scene in north Boulder is characteristic of this neighborhood-centric, arts-loving city. The NoBo Arts District offers art lovers and patrons a more personalized and accessible experience with a focus on encouraging artists and engaging the community.
The rare experience of free parking is enough of an incentive to make the 10-minute drive from downtown Boulder. The unconventional and eclectic styles on display make it worth returning again and again.
The Best Airbnbs in North Boulder
North Boulder has become a destination in its own right over the past few years. It's even got a nickname — call it NoBo — to lend credibility to its hipness. Once an industrial outpost that visitors passed through on their way to Rocky Mountain National Park, this section of the city now boasts a thriving arts and culture scene.
This northern edge of the city gets nature's blessing with the presence of Wonderland Lake and panoramic views of the foothills.
NoBo's 7 Best Restaurants
It's the trendiest, fastest-growing part of Boulder, packed with unique shops, inspiring art and unobstructed views of the foothills. It's also one of the up-and-coming spots for the foodie scene.
NoBo (North Boulder) used to be a fringe neighborhood in Boulder, but more recently it has earned a reputation as a restaurant destination. Here, you can find hip date-night spots, authentic ethnic menus and also casual "holes in the wall" with a ton of personality that downtown Boulder lacks.
The most southern area of Boulder is where locals hang out, often around the Table Mesa shopping area, where you can find casual restaurants and shops. But the highlight of South Boulder is the famous Chautauqua Park, Boulder's most beloved hiking and mountain destination.
Perimeters: Everything south of Baseline, including Chautauqua Park.
Head here for: The famous Colorado Chautauqua (with its mountain views, concerts, delicious restaurant, yoga on the grass, hiking, historic cottages; it's like its own town within a town), hiking, access to the Flatiron Mountains, the southern branch of the public library, casual dining, lots of authentic ethnic food, the South Boulder Pumpkin Patch and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (a surprisingly amusing destination for visitors).
George Reynold's Branch of the Library. Worth Visiting.
From food to entertainment to the beautiful outdoors, there's always something to do in Boulder. But sometimes it's nice to curl up in a quiet corner with a book and just relax. The George Reynold's branch of the Boulder Public Library system is the perfect place for that.
But the library isn't only good for checking out books. It offers events and programming, as well as meeting rooms you can use for gatherings.
Visit the National Center for Atmospheric Research
In Boulder, some things are universally loved. The outdoors. Hiking. Food. Art.
And luckily there are some places that bring all of those things together in a wonderful, family-friendly place. One example: the National Center for Atmospheric Research.
A Quieter Stay: South Boulder Hotels
We love South Boulder, and we love staying in South Boulder. While these hotels are all technically on the East Boulder side of the division, they're the three closest hotels to South Boulder and offer easy access to everything we love about the south side of town.
McDevitt Taco Supply: the Local Favorite New Restaurant
If you've spent any time bouncing around Boulder in the last six years or so, then there's an excellent chance you've had a McDevitt taco. From the summer Pearl Street cart to popping up at music festivals and breweries, McDevitt Taco Supply has become a go-to food option for people involved in Boulder's massive event scene.
Where to go for Ethnic Food in South Boulder
Some of the best restaurants are hiding out in strip malls. South Boulder backs us up on this claim. From Indian to Nepali cuisine, the southern section of Boulder has several ethnic restaurants that are favorites among locals and serve authentic cuisine from around the world. Many of these worldly restaurants also have special buffets for vegetarians or vegans.
University Hill, or The Hill, is the group of buildings, casual restaurants and shops near the University of Colorado campus. The famous Fox Theatre is here. The Hill has a strong college vibe, although its colorful personality makes it a popular destination for other visitors, too.
Perimeters: Ninth Street to University Avenue to Broadway to Baseline.
Head here for: Head shops, bars, casual dining (including The Sink), coffee shops, live music and entertainment, bookstores, tacos, street art, easy access to campus, CU souvenirs, people-watching.
The Best of the Hill
When you're in Boulder, the Rockies are all around and the Flatirons are your backyard. With so much altitude surrounding you, why on earth would you want to visit a place called "The Hill?" The answer's simple. Food. Drinks. Entertainment.
We love The Hill and you will, too.
The Fox Theatre Turns 25
A Facebook status says it all:
"Remember that one time when the Dave Matthews Band filmed their video for the song 'What Would You Say' at the Fox Theatre? You know, the song that broke them? Yeah, that was awesome."
If this post sounds casual, that's because it could qualify as commonplace. Dave Matthews is just the beginning of a long list of famous artists who were catapulted to success in part by The Fox. Leftover Salmon took to the stage about monthly (sometimes more) during their early years. Rose Hill Drive recorded a live album in the venue.
The Fox Theater makes legends. And the Boulder venue is a legend itself.
Airbnbs Near The Hill
Staying in a local's house is one of the greatest ways to get into the minds of the locals wherever you're staying. This is certainly true in Boulder. The homes you can rent through websites like Airbnb.com reflect the people and the neighborhoods they're in.
However, if you think short-term rentals on The Hill would just be a bunch of party houses, you'd be so wrong. Sure, there are some entertainment-themed rentals like one with an arcade. But there are also large Victorian homes, small apartments and cute Boulder bungalows.
The Airbnbs on The Hill in Boulder are just as varied and eclectic as the people who own them. Here are some of our favorite short-term rentals on or within walking distance of The Hill.
Best Places to Eat on The Hill
If you've got the munchies on The Hill in Boulder, stop that stomach grumbling. Here are our eight favorite places to fill up on University Hill, plus some more foodspiration for you. Fill 'er up.
The University of Colorado is a beautiful, sprawling campus with excellent museums and art galleries that make it worth strolling through, even if you're not a student. Boulder was named the best college town in America by Livability (2013), Wallethub (2014) and Best College Reviews (2014), to name a few.
Perimeters: Broadway to 17th Street/Boulder Creek to 28th Street to Baseline.
Head here for: Football games, live music and theater, arts and culture, museums, beautiful lawns for picnics, cheap and casual food, the Colorado Shakespeare Festival, the Conference on World Affairs, various public events, historic buildings.
Incorporate CU Into Your Visit to Boulder
If you think a university is just for the students, think again. You'll seriously be missing out if you don't include the University of Colorado on your list of places to visit while in Boulder.
Founded in 1876, The University of Colorado-Boulder has been an integral part of the city ever since, providing jobs, education and yes, entertainment for locals and visitors alike.
The Music Scene on the CU Campus
All About Game Day at CU
Your Guide to the Colorado Shakespeare Festival
7 Reasons to Visit the Conference on World Affairs
5 Ways to Spend an Afternoon on Campus
College campuses are well-known beauties, defined by their historic architecture and divinely landscaped quads. The University of Colorado, though, is vying for extra credit.
CU is a lively place, especially during the school year. It's worth checking out CU's events calendar to keep tabs on everything from movie screenings to lectures to concerts that are free and open to the public.
Central Boulder is a little harder to define because it's mostly residential, but it does encompass some major shopping, including multiple smaller strip malls and the large Twenty Ninth Street Mall. Head here for chain favorites (shopping and casual dining), as well as scattered local businesses.
Perimeters: Generally, the central stretch of Boulder, including the mall and most of busy 28th Street.
Head here for: Shopping, big box chains (like Target, H&M, lululemon and Macy's), casual dining, yoga, barre classes, tea, coffee, smoothies, Boulder's only movie theater, nail salons and spas, the food truck court, community gatherings at the mall.
Twenty Ninth Street Mall Uniquely Boulder
In a city that values local, local, local, it's easy to shrug off the huge Twenty Ninth Street Mall as just another collection of big box retailers.
And yes, the mall has some huge anchors that you can find at any ol' mall: Macy's, H&M, Anthropologie. In total, the mall features more than 75 shops and restaurants.
But look closer. This mall, located in central Boulder, is surprisingly unique — and it has plenty of those quirky, only-in-Boulder features that make this city special.
Boulder's Local Lab: Watch a Play and Help Produce it, Too
This isn't your average day trip to see a play. Pesha Rudnick calls it "creative tourism."
It's the chance to not just see live theater, but also be involved in the creation of it, from the ground level.
She's talking about Boulder's annual Local Lab, a three-day event that presents three absolutely new, never-been-performed plays in a totally new way.
Basecamp Boulder Hotel
The heartbeat of travel is adventure. And one unique Boulder hotel thinks that should extend to the room you sleep in, too.
Only here, can you go climbing at your hotel, before retiring to a room designed to look like a campsite with mats spread out under the night sky.
One of Boulder's newest places to stay, Basecamp Boulder Hotel, was designed for the modern adventurer.
Here's How to Get the Most Out of the Rayback Collective
This is where the locals go. It's the authentic essence of Boulder, condensed into 15,000 square feet.
It's simultaneously completely relaxed but professional. Creative yet functional. Historic yet innovative.
You'll find craft beer, local food, local bands and locals from all backgrounds, from students to retirees, business-people to lovers, bikers to dogs to kids.
East Boulder + Gunbarrel
Until recently, East Boulder wasn't much of a destination, but that is quickly changing as more businesses move into this (relatively) cheaper part of town. East Boulder is evolving from a commercial and residential second-thought to its own neighborhood. Leading the way are breweries, distilleries, fitness warehouses and the Boulder Creative Collective, an edgy artists' group.
Perimeters: Everything east of Foothills Parkway, Gunbarrel.
Head here for: Gyms, aerial dance, CrossFits, lots of breweries, urban art hangouts, hidden-gem restaurants, dance studios, scattered coffee shops, local hangouts, a straight shot to East Boulder County.
Get Active in East Boulder
If you're looking to get active in Boulder, it's logical to look to the west. That's where the mountains are, with endless trails to hike, rocks to climb, pathways to ride and ways to get your heart pumping.
But for expert support and indoor adventures, head east.
East Boulder is a huge hotspot for gyms and fitness. Maybe it's due to the (slightly) lower cost of rent as you head east or the available space, or maybe it's just a coincidence. But East Boulder seems to have more indoor fitness options than any other neighborhood in town.
Boulder's Aerial Dance Festival
Boulder is taking flight. It's time for one of Boulder's most exciting annual events, the internationally famous Aerial Dance Festival.
This means some of the nation's best aerial artists will be performing in an exclusive, intimate, jaw-dropping showcase that will never be replicated. For just this one weekend, if you're lucky enough to get tickets, you'll witness and get to meet world-renowned experts in circus arts such as trapeze, aerial silks and aerial hoop. Many have never performed together on the same stage. It's a truly once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.
A Closer Look at Boulder Twin Lakes Inn
Staying in the heart of Boulder can be an exciting, action-packed way to spend your vacation. The bustling Pearl Street Mall. A seemingly never-ending supply of restaurants, shopping and activities. The University of Colorado. Busy hiking trails where you and your furry friend can get your exercise and socialization at the same time.
A Tour Through the East Boulder Breweries and Distilleries
If you know Boulder, you know we love our beer. And our spirits. And our wine. Really, we love to drink. And with more than 20 breweries, four wineries, six distilleries and a mead hall, finding somewhere to grab a drink is no hard task.
The mountains west of town are Boulder's most famous "neighborhood." The slanting red Flatirons are the stars of the foothills, but Boulder's entire west parameter is lined with rugged adventures and tons of trails that mark the front door to the mountains. Boulder is buffered by about 45,000 acres of open space.
Perimeters: The mountains are impossible to miss. There are parks throughout town in every direction.
Head here for: Hiking, biking, parks, skiing, mountain hotels, outdoor exploration, photo opps, views, wildlife, adventure.
If you come to Boulder, you better pack hiking boots.
Boulder County has more than 100 miles of trails. And nearby areas offer novice and expert day-trippers everything from low-impact outings along the Front Range to hair-raising challenges above 14,000 feet elevation.
That's like asking a sugar fiend to pick one treat from Willy Wonka's factory.
The 4 Best Winter Hikes in Boulder
Ultimate Guide to Eldora Mountain Resort
Mount Sanitas, a Boulder Gem
A Guide To Mountain Biking In Boulder
Parks to Enjoy on Weekends
The 6 Best Boulder Parks for Families
Nighttime Hikes in Boulder
Here's a different way to experience Boulder's outdoors: under a quiet canopy of stars with the trail illuminated by the full moon and the circle of your headlamp.
By day, many of Boulder's best trails are packed with other hikers, sometimes to the point of trail traffic jams. But as soon as the sun creeps behind the mountains, the trails begin to thin out. And by dark, you may very well have the mountains to yourself.
Fun fact that many visitors may not realize: The city of Boulder's trails are always open, day and night.
Best Mountain Hotels in and around Boulder
It'd be tragic to visit Boulder without visiting the mountains. The foothills are minutes away from downtown — or in your own backyard, if you pick the right place to stay.
Luckily, Boulder County has plenty of incredible hotels and B&Bs right in the mountains. In true Boulder style, they're all locally owned too. Not a chain in sight.
Best Camping Spots Near Boulder
Camping is one of the purest and simplest ways to get in touch with Mother Earth and hit the recharge button. You're out in nature, roasting marshmallows over a campfire, sleeping under the stars, dirt under your fingernails, hearing only the sounds of running river water and birds chirping. It sounds dreamy.
If you enjoy a good camping trip, whether in a luxury cabin or out in the middle of the woods with no cell service, you're in luck. There are plenty of good spots near Boulder to explore and plan a weekend getaway.


When can I buy my train ticket?
You have the chance to buy your ticket up to 45/60 days before departure. Of course you may send as an enquiry for a train ticket more than 45/60 days before departure.
How to use electronic tickets?
The electronic ticket is a note to confirm that a seat in your name has been booked. Usually it is necessary to exchange the electronic ticket at the train station for a boarding pass. Concerning the exchange you need to show your original ID or Passport.
If you need to cancel your ticket by any reason, feel free to contact us. The cancellation fee will be 20 USD of the total ticket price if you send us the cancellation at least three days before departure.
Cancellation policy is different for international paper tickets for Trans-Siberian, Trans-Mongolian and Trans-Manchurian trains. Information is provided upon booking.
How can I change my train ticket?
If you need to change your ticket by any reason, feel free to contact us. You can only change your train ticket up to three days before departure (Only if there are still tickets for the preferred train). The extra price for each seat will be 20 USD.
Paper tickets for international Trans-Siberian, Trans-Mongolian and Trans-Manchurian trains can not be changed or reissued.


As of version 1.1, FPC has support for variants. For maximum variant support it is recommended to add the variants unit to the uses clause of every unit that uses variants in some way: the variants unit contains support for examining and transforming variants other than the default support offered by the System or ObjPas units.
The type of a value stored in a variant is only determined at runtime: it depends what has been assigned to the variant. Almost any simple type can be assigned to variants: ordinal types, string types, int64 types.
Structured types such as sets, records, arrays, files, objects and classes are not assignment-compatible with a variant, as well as pointers. Interfaces and COM or CORBA objects can be assigned to a variant (basically because they are simply a pointer).
And of course vice-versa as well.
For the explanation of VarArrayCreate, see Unit Reference.
Note that when the array contains a string, this is not considered an 'array of characters', and so the variant cannot be indexed to retrieve a character at a certain position in the string.


It's no secret that when most adults and kids think of spinach, the first thought that comes to mind is "Blech!". Although the nutritional benefits of spinach are well-known, the thought of including in your list of green smoothie recipes may not sound appealing. However, making green smoothie recipes with spinach does not have to be a trying ordeal. Spinach is actually a mild, leafy green vegetable, and it will assume the taste of whatever fruits and vegetables you add to it. Here is a Spinach and Fruit Salad recipe that you are sure to love!
First, the baby spinach should be added to the blended. You can choose whether or not you would like to cut the stems off of the spinach. Secondly, the banana should be peeled, smashed well, and added to the blender. Likewise, the pear should be halved and seeded and added to the blender. Next, you should add the berries. In the case of strawberries, you might wish to remove the heads, and it should be noted that raspberries contain small seeds that may not disintegrate entirely during the blending process.
In the last step, you should add the 2 cups of purified water. The amount of water that you add should barely cover the top of the fruit. If 2 cups is not enough, you can always add a little more. Once all of the ingredients have been added, the blender should be put onto a high setting and allowed to run for 2-3 minutes, or until the smoothie concoction has achieved a creamy consistency.
The health benefits of green smoothie recipes are well-known, but you are strongly encouraged to create your own recipes. Try experimenting with different fruits and vegetables in this recipe to find the mixture that pleases your taste buds best. When it comes to green smoothie recipes, there is no right or wrong combination of ingredients.


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Health disconnector: Customers angered by…
Health disconnector: Customers angered by coverage hurdles
( Southboro, MA,02/11/14) The Ginsburg family, Dan, Sofia and Ethan, 17 months, who have been attempting to get health insurance thru the Mass. Health Connector and have failed. Tuesday, February 11, 2014. (Staff photo by Stuart Cahill)
INSURANCE WOES: Stefan Jouret, above, said he discovered after having major eye surgery that the Health Connector had retroactively terminated his health insurance. Above right, the Ginsburg family — Sofia, son Ethan and Daniel shown in 2014 — have faced obstacles getting Health Connector coverage for their 3-month-old son.
032315 Boston, MA) Stefan Jouret had his health insurance terminated retroactively by the Health Connector the day after having major eye surgery. He is show in his downtown office in Boston(Monday,March 23, 2015). Staff Photo by Nancy Lane
INSURANCE WOES: Stefan Jouret said he discovered after having major eye surgery that the Health Connector had retroactively terminated his health insurance.
(032315 Boston, MA) Stefan Jouret had his health insurance terminated retroactively by the Health Connector the day after having major eye surgery. He is show in his downtown office in Boston(Monday,March 23, 2015). Staff Photo by Nancy Lane
The Ginsburg family — Sofia, son Ethan and Daniel shown in 2014 — have faced obstacles getting Health Connector coverage for their 3-month-old son.
By Chris Cassidy |
PUBLISHED: March 24, 2015 at 12:00 a.m. | UPDATED: November 18, 2018 at 12:00 a.m.
A new wave of maddening problems has hit the state's ever-embattled Obamacare agency, as enraged customers complain of triple charges, abrupt termination notices and hourlong waits to speak to unhelpful support reps.
"I'm absolutely livid at the Health Connector, and I'm this close to filing an action against them," said Stefan Jouret, a Boston attorney who estimates he's spent more than 10 hours on the phone and in person at the Connector's offices to no avail. "I'm utterly appalled at what I've seen."
Jouret told the Herald he's facing an $11,000 medical bill from an eye surgery earlier this month after the Connector retroactively canceled his insurance. He found out about the termination, not from the Connector, but only after a pharmacy tech told him he had no insurance when he tried to pay for prescriptions just two hours after the surgery.
"They never told me, and I'm the insured," Jouret said.
When he called the Connector, he said he was told they had canceled his plan retroactive to Jan. 31.
Jouret acknowledged he didn't pay his February bill until Feb. 4 — nine days after the deadline — but said he received confirmation online that his payment had gone through and assumed he was covered for his surgery. He later learned his payment didn't go through, but was never notified of the failure or that his insurance was canceled, until after the surgery.
"I received no email, no telephone call, no piece of mail … indicating any kind of a problem," he said.
As of yesterday, he still had no resolution from the Connector.
Frustrated customers have slammed the Connector's Facebook page with complaints and problems over the last few days, lamenting abruptly canceled health plans and long customer service hold times.
• A woman who claims she's been paying her monthly bill but was told by her hospital that her plan has been canceled and to contact the Connector, which has resulted in long wait times of an hour or more. "You guys are the stuff nightmares are made of," the woman wrote to Connector staff.
• A woman who tried to pay online — and has even reached a payment confirmation page — only to find the money was never deducted from her account, and letters keep arriving threatening cancellation due to nonpayment. "I really hate the Massachusetts Health Connector," she wrote.
• A woman who claims the Connector accepted her February insurance payment, only to receive a termination letter last week insisting she hadn't paid her bill in two months. "Nothing is better about your website," the woman wrote. "It's worse."
Daniel Ginsburg of Southboro is still battling the Connector one year later after the Herald first reported his threat to stage a one-man sit-in after the agency failed to confirm he actually had the insurance he paid for.
Ginsburg had hoped to leave the Connector altogether and signed up for a private insurance plan effective Jan. 1 — but his son was born 19 days early, on Dec. 23.
When he called the Connector to add his son to the policy, he said yesterday, "the first person I spoke with told me he was born too late in the month to be added. … I asked to speak to a supervisor who told me the same thing."
Ginsburg said he's spent hours on the phone with Connector staff — including a three-way conversation with the agency and his insurer — but the Connector still hasn't notified his insurer to add his son to his plan.
"Today is his 3-month birthday," said Ginsburg. "It's been that long since I've been trying to get this resolved."
A Connector spokesman told the Herald the agency knows some members have endured enrollment problems, but that it's trying to get better.
Said spokesman Jason Lefferts, "Along with making improvements to our online system, the administration is working to improve our customer service and payment operations, and is committed to making those changes to make the process easier for members."
Massachusetts Health Connector
Chris Cassidy
Phil Spector, famed music producer and murderer, dead at 81


Episode Info: Can some cultures really be better than others? How is the West under attack? What separates the West and America from the rest of the world? Russian hacking, cultural assimilation, and Western Civilization.


text:
Apr 15, '22
Featured in 13th edition of Luxeat Insider
What is Umami, anyway?
All things Japan Ingredients Vegetables/Fruits
A single word holds the key to the magic to so much of what we understand about the world of taste and flavour today – Umami. But what is this famous fifth taste, where do we find it, and why is it that we can't get enough of it?
Katsuobushi (dried bonito flakes)
In 1908, Professor Kikunae Ikeda of Tokyo Imperial University discovered an unidentified taste in kombu dashi (which we'll come on to later); something not accounted for by any combination of the basic tastes of sweet, salty, bitter, and sour. He correctly identified the source of this taste as a chemical called glutamate. The taste itself, he simply dubbed "Umami."
Professor Kikunae Ikeda
Umami is the fifth taste, something distinct from the previously known sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. These are unique tastes that cannot be created by mixing other tastes, and are known as the basic or 'primary' tastes. In scientific terms, Umami is a general term used mainly for substances combining the amino acid glutamate and/or the nucleotides inosinate and guanylate, with minerals such as sodium and potassium.
Whether something tastes delicious or not is a complex yet subjective evaluation determined by elements such as taste, aroma, texture and temperature, as well as other factors such as appearance, colour and shape of the food. It is also affected by one's own physical condition, surrounding environment, cultural background, and previous experiences. Of these various elements, Umami in balance with the other basic tastes (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter) plays an important role in determining the deliciousness of a dish.
Dashi: The Essence of Japanese Cuisine
To start thinking about what Umami really is, we inevitably come to dashi – one of it's purest forms. Dashi is, in simple terms, a liquid stock that forms the basis of so much of Japanese cuisine.
Despite its hidden role, dashi could be said to be the heart of Japanese cuisine, not because of the prominence of its own flavour but because of the way it enhances and harmonises the flavours of other ingredients. The secret of Japanese cuisine is the art of enhancing and harmonising.
Dashi differs from other kinds of stock in that rather than using simple ingredients boiled over a long period, as is the case with Western bouillon, it uses carefully prepared ingredients, patiently matured, which are only soaked in water or heated briefly so as to extract nothing but the very essence of the ingredients' flavour. Although Japanese cuisine is rich in diversity and visually attractive, this is one deceptively simple element, one whose underlying appeal is not apparent to the eye.
Dashi most commonly utilises a combination of kombu (kelp seaweed) and katsuobushi (dried bonito flakes), but other ingredients used to make dashi are shiitake mushrooms and niboshi (small dried fish). Essentially, everything is done to maximise the Umami. Dashi-making has evolved over a long period of time. Boiling is known to have been used in Japanese cooking since the Jomon period (c. 13,000–300 BC), and the stock from shellfish and fish bones was used to flavour other dishes.
Japanese dried kelp (kombu)
By the seventh century AD, a sort of dashi using kombu and katsuobushi had developed. This was refined further and has become Japan's most indispensable cooking stock, generally used in two forms – ichiban (primary) dashi and niban (secondary) dashi. Despite its hidden role, dashi could be said to be the heart of Japanese cuisine, not because of the prominence of its own flavour but because of the way it enhances and harmonises the flavours of other ingredients. The secret of Japanese cuisine is the art of enhancing and harmonising.
Umami world map
We've already heard about how kombu dashi was the raw ingredient responsible for Professor Kikunae Ikeda discovering and naming Umami as the fifth taste in 1908. In 1913 and 1957, there followed the discovery of inosinate and guanylate, respectively, as sources of Umami. Since the 1980s, further research has led to a wide international acceptance of Umami as the fifth taste. The ingredients of dashi are all rich in the substances that are the source of Umami. Kombu has the highest natural levels of glutamate of any foodstuff in the world. Katsuobushi and niboshi contain high levels of inosinate and dried shiitake mushrooms of guanylate. The benefits of Umami are multiple. Aside from being the fifth basic taste, it also has a synergistic effect. When glutamate and other sources of Umami are combined, the Umami taste is boosted, producing a result greater than the sum of the ingredients. Umami also serves to enhance other tastes, bringing a satisfying fullness and freshness to the food it permeates.
Tomatoes and the Western World
Of course, just like the other four primary tastes, Umami is by no means exclusive to Japanese or Asian cooking and ingredients. Two of the most Umami-rich ingredients can actually be found in Italian staples: tomatoes and parmesan.
First, we come to tomatoes. "Of the many plant foods that provide Umami in western tradition, the tomato is foremost," according to the Umami Information Center. Its attractive, full, rounded 'meaty' flavour comes from its heavy load of glutamates, and this flavour is reinforced by its unique crimson colour, the colour of blood which is the very essence of animal life. The Umami theme remains constant, though the way it is expressed varies from culture to culture. Beginning in Asia with fermented soybeans, migrating through England with walnuts and mushrooms and emerging triumphant with tomatoes in American ketchup, evidence of a deep-rooted worldwide inclination to exploit glutamate-rich foods for savoury seasonings and condiments is clear.
Tomatoes contain high levels of the Umami provider glutamic acid, and as the fruit ripens these levels increase. However, most of the Umami is found within the seeds, which poses a problem for the many Italian and Mediterranean recipes which call for these to be removed.
Heston Blumenthal, owner and chef at the triple Michelin starred Fat Duck restaurant in the UK, began to question this practice of removing the seeds, and wrote an academic paper on the subject in conjunction with scientists at the food sciences faculty of Reading University in the UK. In a nutshell, their findings were that the inner part of the tomato had a stronger Umami aftertaste than the outer part. As such, these are essential in sauces and pastes if you really want to get that Umami flavour.
Next we come to Parmigiano Reggiano, the DOP cheese from Emilia Romagna, which blows other cheeses out of the water in terms of glutamate levels. According to the Umami Information Center, its levels are almost on a par with kombu, the kelp used to make dashi.
The cheese is aged for two to three years, producing a rind browned like burnt sugar. Amino acid crystals form in the body of the cheese and create a gritty texture. An incredibly high 1.6% of Parmigiano-Reggiano is pure glutamate, the free amino acid which produces the Umami taste. Hard cheeses with a balanced taste between Umami and saltiness are widely used in powdered or grated forms as a seasoning in cooking. Flaked, ground, or powdered, it is an essential ingredient in many dishes.
Finally, of course, Umami doesn't have to be limited to the world of food. Good quality green tea has very high levels of Umami, and can for many people be their first reference point for the fifth taste. The sweet and Umami sensations are said to result from the presence of theanine and glutamate, both types of amino acid, the astringent taste from catechin, and the bitter taste from caffeine. To read more about one green tea grower who is pioneering a tea plantation in Portugal, head to our interview with Nina Gruntkowski of Chá Camélia.
This article has been written in collaboration with Umami Information Center. In 1982, in order to disseminate information about Umami globally, the UIC was founded with the support of The Umami Manufacturers Association of Japan.
Special Thanks to Dr. Kumiko Ninomiya.
13th EDITION Apr 16, '22
Green Tea & Umami: the Extraordinary Journey of Green Tea from Japan to Portugal, with Nina Gruntkowski and Chá Camélia
Umami is synonymous with Japan in many ways, in everything from their cuisine to their tea ceremonies, but there's no reason the illusive 'fifth taste' can't be produced in other countries too. This was exactly the thought that struck journalist Nina Gruntowski one day, when she discovered that green tea could be successfully grown in the Northern Portuguese climate, known as the "land of camellias".
Umami and Iberico Ham, as told by Ricardo Sanchez
In part of our series umami from around the globe, we have the pleasure of speaking with Ricardo Sanchez, who is gradually taking over the family business from his father Arturo. The term umami is closely related to pure, acorn-fed Iberico Jamon.
Salty and packed with umami - El Capricho anchovies
Finding Umami in Sake: Six of the Best
Enjoyed reading it, but not a subscriber yet? Leave you e-mail here, to receive monthly letters from Luxeat.


text: Q: Difference between java.net exceptions (Specifically, no connection) I'm working on a program that parses a large amount of URLs and grabs images from the links. However, I'm trying to see what to do if I lose connection (i.e. internet drops). How can I differentiate between that as opposed to the URL leading to a 404 error?


text:
Q: Formal definition of "$\Rightarrow$" relation (derivation relation) for context-free grammars This is probably more of a logic question.
I'm looking for formal definition of derivation relation for context-free grammars (CFGs). The books on subject tend to define derivation relation for CFGs in two ways (here I'm using "$\rightarrow$" for material implication, "$\mapsto$" for production relation and "$\Rightarrow$" for derivation relation):

*

*Let G(V, T, P, S) be a CFG, then:
$$\forall \alpha (\forall \beta (\forall \gamma (\forall A (\alpha \in (V \cup T)^* \land \beta \in (V \cup T)^* \land \gamma \in (V \cup T)^* \land A \in V \rightarrow \quad ([A \mapsto \gamma] \in P \rightarrow [\alpha A \beta \Rightarrow \alpha \gamma \beta]) \quad )))) $$

*Let G(V, T, P, S) be a CFG, then:
$$\forall \eta (\forall \phi(\eta \in (V \cup T)^* \land \phi \in (V \cup T)^* \land [\eta \Rightarrow \phi] \rightarrow \quad      (\exists \alpha (\exists \beta (\exists \gamma (\exists A (\alpha \in (V \cup T)^* \land \beta \in (V \cup T)^* \land \gamma \in (V \cup T)^* \land A \in V \quad \land [A \mapsto \gamma] \in P \land \eta=\alpha A \beta \land\phi=\alpha \gamma \beta)))))     \quad ))$$

The second definition is from Wikipedia (written in more cumbersome notation).Then there is a definition of reflexive transitive closure of =>:
Let G(V, T, P, S) be a CFG, then

*

*$\forall \alpha(\alpha \in (V \cup T)^* \rightarrow [\alpha \Rightarrow ^* \alpha] )$

*$\forall \alpha(\forall \beta( \forall \gamma ( \alpha \in (V \cup T)^* \land \beta \in (V \cup T)^* \land \gamma \in (V \cup T)^* \rightarrow \quad ([\alpha \Rightarrow ^* \beta] \land [\beta \Rightarrow \gamma] \rightarrow [\alpha \Rightarrow ^* \gamma]) \quad )))$

Now, in proofs regarding CFGs (for example, proof that if there is a derivation tree in G for $w$, then $S \Rightarrow ^* w$) we use the following theorem:
Let G(V, T, P, S) be a CFG, then
$$\forall \eta (\forall \phi ( \eta \in (V \cup T)^* \land \phi \in (V \cup T)^* \land [\eta \Rightarrow \phi] \rightarrow \quad (\forall \alpha (\forall \beta (\alpha \in (V \cup T)^* \land \beta \in (V \cup T)^* \rightarrow [\alpha \eta \beta \Rightarrow \alpha \phi \beta])) ) \quad ))$$
This theorem, as I understand it, describes the essence of "context-freeness": if we can derive one string from another, then we can perform such derivation in any surrounding context.
Now, to prove this last theorem, both definitions of => relation are used. I've tried to derive one definition from another, but failed.
The question is: are these two definitions equivalent, or the correct definition is actually a conjunction of these two?
Remark:
I've tried using mace4 to find counterexample and succeeded. Here are the definitions I used:
formulas(assumptions).
    % string axioms
    exists x (symbol(x)).

    string(e).
    all x (symbol(x) -> string(x)).
    all x (all y (string(x) & string(y) -> string(x + y))).

    all x (string(x) -> x = x).
    all x (string(x) -> x = x + e).
    all x (string(x) -> x = e + x).
    all x (
        all y (
            string(x) & string(y) -> (
                x = y -> (
                    exists s (
                        exists w (
                            symbol(s) & string(w) & x = s + w & y = s + w
                        )
                    )
                )
            )
        )
    ).
end_of_list.

formulas(assumptions).
    exists s ( exists w (symbol(s) & string(w) & production(s, w))).

    all x (
        all y (
            string(x) & string(y) & derivation(x, y) -> (
                exists s (
                    exists w (
                        exists a (
                            exists b (
                                symbol(s) & string(w) & string(a) & string(b) & production(s, w) & x = (a + s) + b & y = (a + w) + b
                            )
                        )
                    )
                )
            )
        )
    ).
end_of_list.

formulas(goals).
    all s (
        all w (
            all a (
                all b (
                    symbol(s) & string(w) & string(a) & string(b) & production(s, w) -> (
                        derivation((a + s) + b, (a + w) + b)
                    )
                )
            )
        )
    ).
end_of_list.

Thank you for your time.

A: It is like the relation between an inference rule and the derivation concept in math logic.
An inference rule, like e.g. modus ponens is a single elementary inferential step.
The derivability relation holds between a formula $\varphi$ and a set of formulas $\Gamma$ (in symbols : $\Gamma \vdash \varphi$) iiff we have a "chain" of elementary inferential steps (i.e. applications of the rules of inference) starting from the formulas in $\Gamma$ (the assumptions or axioms) and ending with $\varphi$.

In the field of Context-free grammar we have production rules :

a single elementary "transformational" step that licenses the transformation (replacement) of string $\alpha$ with string $\beta$.

In this case, we say that $\alpha$ directly yields $\beta$; in symbols :

$\alpha \Rightarrow \beta$ (or, according to you : $\alpha ↦ \beta$).

And we have the repetitive application of production rules : $\alpha \Rightarrow^* \beta$, meaning that there is a chain of applications of production rules starting with $\alpha$ and ending with $\beta$.

Having said that, a formal definition must be inductive :
$\alpha \Rightarrow^* \beta$ iff :

either  (i) there is a production rule $R$ such that $(\alpha, \beta) \in R$, i.e. $\alpha \Rightarrow \beta$,
or (ii) there is a string $\gamma$ and a production rule $R$ such that :

$\alpha \Rightarrow^* \gamma$ and $\gamma \Rightarrow \beta$.


Most people don't realize there are many options when you're looking at mortgages. The standard 20% down, 30-year monthly mortage payments is not all that is out there! For example, 15 year mortgages, smaller downpayments, and even bimonthly or weekly payments are all available options...and some of these can save you money in the long run!
Check out this article for details, and give us a call. We can walk you through some of these options and get you ready for homeownership!


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The Australian Auto Industry (A.A.I. in brief) can be divided into two interrelated sectors, the Production ( Manufacturing) sector and the Automotive Gross sales (or Import-Gross sales) sector, both equally vital for the overall efficiency of the A.A.I. On one hand, the Manufacturing sector refers to the market conditions below which Australian Manufacturing businesses compete, by producing vehicles and associated products, with the primary goal of maximizing profits.
Automobiles and parts manufacturing units, particularly the small and mid-sized ones are striving onerous in the globally competitive trade to sustain their place. Even if your unique components aren't but damaged or worn out, you'll be able to substitute them with or add specifically designed aftermarket auto parts like Honda taillights, Ford heart cap, Chevrolet chrome bumper, and Mercedes Benz Front Cowl Towing Eye found at Auto Components Discount.
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text:
Coaches from Paola Hibernians Football Nursery in Scotland
Notice-Board
17 November 2011 by Antoine Busuttil
A group of football coaches from Paola Hibernians Football Nursery visited Scotland for an intensive football training programme. The scope behind the visit was to enhace the knowledge of coaches specifically in the youth football sector.
During the visit the coaches visited two of the top ranked football clubs in Scotland: Celtic FC where they met ex-Hibernians FC player Robert Docherty, and Hibernian FC. They also participated in a thorough training programme which included a series of theoretical and practical sessions all focusing on the elements of youth football coaching. Some of these sessions were delivered by Todd Lumsden and Sandy Clark both from Cumbernauld College.
The coaches also attended a certification session by Andy Smith at Ravenscraig Regional Sports Facility which has the support of the Scottish F.A and is recognised as a training camp facility for both the London Olympics in 2012 and the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow in 2014. Participants exchanged their ideas and practices with the hosts.
The climax of this lifelong learning experience was the attendance to the Premier League match which saw Celtic and Hibernian come at a draw. Participants had time for cultural activities around Glasgow and Edinburgh.
On behalf of the participating coaches the nursery would like to thank Cumbernauld College for their continuous support in the organisation of this programme particularly Mr Davie Hay – the legend of Scottish and English football. This initiative was fully supported by the Leonardo da Vinci programme as part of the Lifelong Learning programme – funded by the European Commission.
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