text:
[D8847AEK], Script, Thomas Alva Edison, 1888
"Mr. Edison's trip around the World. ### Do you know how far it is from New York to Liverpool, from Liverpool to London, from London to, O, Cala, Cala, that's French, you see? Cala and then to Paree, Paree, that's another French, I-I'm quite up in French and from Paree to Marsa, that's another one, ad from Mrsa, --to Paree and from Paree to Berlin and Berlin to St. Petersburg and from St. Petersburg to Moscow back to St. Petersburg nd from St. Petersburg to Berlin nd from Berlin to Vienna and from Vienna to MonetCarlo and then you walk back to Paris, no, no, no, You go, you go from Monte Carlo down down to Rome and then to and see the Pope and a number of other things there and then from Rome you go down--let me see, I don't know where you go then yes, you get to Cairo somehow and Alexandria and from Alexandria you go to the mouth of the Red Sea no, to the Canal and from there you go through the Canal to the Red Sea and from the Red Sea into the Gul, or, Arabian Guld ad from there to Bombay and from Bombay to Calcutta and from Calcutta to----- and the Malay Archipelago nd from there to Hong Kong and from Hong Kong to Shanghai and from Shanghai to Pekin and from Pekin go back to Shanghai and then n d then from Shanghai to Pekin and then you go back then to, vibrate, about four hundred times a minute and then from there to Tokio nd then at Tokio you get on the Pacific Steamship Co. and go to San Francisco and then you walk to New York. Now there, that's a pretty good trip, isn't it? You can make that trip for about four hundred and thirty five cents. That is, if you know how far it is from New York to Liverpool, from Liverpool to London, from London to Calais, O, Calais, and then to Paris, Paris, Paree, Paree, that's another French, I'm quite up in French, and from Paree to Marsa, from Marsa to Berlin, from Berlin to St. Petersburg, from St. Petersburg to Berlin and from Berlin to Vienna to Monte Carlo down to Rome and then see an then see the Pope and a number of other things there and then from Rome you go down, let me see, I don't know where you go then, you get to Cairo some how and Alexandria and from Alexandria you go to the mouth of the Red Sea and from the Red Sea to the Gulf, the Arabian Gulf and from there to Bombay and then from Bombay back to Calcutta and from Calcutta to Liverpool and the Indian Archipelago and from there to Hong Kong and from Hong Kong to Shanghai and from Shanghai to Pekin and from Pekin back to Shanghai and then from Shanghai to Pekin and then you go back and forth you vibrate, about forty times a minute from there to Tokio and and then from Tokio you get on the Pacific Mail Steamship Co. and go to San Francisco, and then you walk to New York, Now here, that's a pretty good trip, isn't it? You make that trip for about four hundred and thirty five cents. That is if you are an actor." [Marginalia: "This is the young Edison's second effort at dictation from Phonograph and she heard the instrument for the first time in her life not more than twenty minutes before this was written."]
Cylinder recordings
D8847AEK
(D-88-47) Phonograph


text:
Building the Foundational Skills Needed for Success in Work at the Human-Technology Frontier
The proliferation of new technologies has changed the way we live, learn, and work. Although the future of work is unclear, thought leaders, including the National Science Foundation (NSF), assert that artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, robotics, and machine learning will be ubiquitous in tomorrow's workplaces. This vision of the future includes a new machine age, where various technologies (sensors, communication, computation, and intelligence) will be embedded around, on, and in us; where humans will shape technology and technology will shape human interaction; and where technologies and humans will collaborate to discover and innovate (Mervis, 2016; Van Opstal, Evans, Bates, & Knuckles, 2008). In short—the Human-Technology Frontier has arrived!
Without question, the U.S. workforce will need a new set of skills and competencies to succeed in the future work environments on this Frontier—which feels like it grows closer with each new technological advance—and to move our society forward as a global leader in the 21st century. To ensure the workforce is futureready, our society will need to address existing challenges related to education for workforce development, economics, equity, and ethics. As our society works to understand and identify strategies to overcome these complex and interrelated challenges, two theories—the Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) (Blustein, 2006; Duffy, Blustein, Diemer, & Autin, 2016) and Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994)—can help us understand and attend to the following key factors in cultivating a future-ready workforce:
• The importance of work to society
• Why work is critical to human identity
• How youth develop their work identities
• Why we should be concerned about making sure that there is decent work for everyone
Both the PWT and SCCT theories argue that because career development is an iterative process that begins early and is nurtured through both in- and out-ofschool experiences, we need to start supporting STEM workforce development long before youth reach the undergraduate level. Drawing upon these theories, this paper explores the potential to build on the NSF Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers (ITEST) program's successful use of a "helix" approach (see p. 24-25), which blends career and content learning to help young people master the foundational skills they will need for work success at the HumanTechnology Frontier.
We begin by describing the complexities of the labor market, the current and evolving workplace, social stability concerns related to work and working, the future of work and the implications for developing the future workforce, the challenges of obtaining decent work and broadening participation at the Human-Technology Frontier, and factors affecting STEM career development. Next, we discuss the critical role that the NSF's ITEST program plays in preparing the workforce of the future. To close the paper, we examine what federal agencies, private foundations and other potential funders, and those involved in STEM career and workforce development can do to help guide the next steps in broadening participation and reducing inequality in participation in STEM careers. We also provide a summary of implications for building a workforce that can thrive at the Human-Technology Frontier.
View and download the article from the EDC website: http://www.edc.org/sites/default/files/uploads/HumanTechnologyFrontierWhitePaper.pdf
Suggested citation: Malyn-Smith, J., Blustein, D., Pillai, S., Parker, C. E., Gutowski, E., & Diamonti, A. J. (2017). Building the foundational skills needed for success in work at the human-technology frontier. Waltham, MA: EDC.
Main Image:
Author and publisher information is provided below. Note that many publishers charge a fee or membership for full access. Permission/access must be requested through the publisher or author directly.
Joyce Malyn-Smith
David L. Blustein
Sarita Pillai
Caroline Parker
Ellen Gutowski
A.J. Diamonti
Publication Website URL:
http://www.edc.org/sites/default/files/uploads/HumanTechnologyFrontierWhitePaper.pdf
STEM Career Opportunities and Workforce Development
File Attachments:
STEM Learning and Research (STELAR) Center: A Resource Center to Support Research and Development on STEM Careers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Galatians 2 gives us as rich and concise a picture as you will ever find in Scripture of the proper distinction between the Law of God on the one hand and the grace of God on the other. It is of utmost importance that a Christian be able to understand the difference between God's Law and the Gospel. For in the Gospel a righteousness is revealed that is not self-evident to humans, and is different from other forms of righteousness that we are readily familiar with. Paul's presentation of these doctrines serves as a very appropriate backdrop to the drama of our Gospel lesson today in Luke 7:36-8:3, where we see law and gospel playing out in 'real time', and the fruit of rightly understood grace is faith and great love.


text:
Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen
January 12, 2022 Chris OstranderLeave a comment
The Sabres goaltending woes have continued for a second-straight season as the injury bug has bitten the team hard. We discuss the most recent injuries to Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen and Malcolm Subban and what it means for Buffalo's outlook. We also discuss Jack Quinn's NHL debut and the promise he showed in his first game for the Sabres. The show opens with a discussion of Evander Kane's latest exploits and whether or not the Oilers should be pursuing him as hard as they appear to be.
Buffalo Sabres, NHLBuffalo Sabres, Edmonton Oilers, Evander Kane, Malcom Subban, Sabres goalies, Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen
Two in the Mailbox – Visions of 2025?
December 15, 2021 December 15, 2021 Chris OstranderLeave a comment
Back with another edition of the 2ITB Mailbag. Thanks to those who wrote in and if you want to participate in the next one, send me a tweet tagged with #2ITBmailbag.
@passoffpads – The year is 2025 and the Sabres are preparing for the Stanley Cup Finals (because even we can dream). Who is the goalie? Who is the captain? Who is the leading scorer? Who is the coach?
Let me just start by saying, I love your optimism. If the Sabres are a Cup contender in the 24-25 season, quite a few things will have needed to go right for them. The 2020 and 21 drafts will need to be paying dividends and the picks they're set to make next June and in 2023 may have a say in that as well. I think Don Granato would still be the coach in this scenario, as the ramp up to Cup contender in that 24-25 season (or 25-26) would need to start in October of 2022. The likes of Owen Power, Jack Quinn and JJ Peterka will need to fill big roles and Granato will be the one welcoming them to the league next fall, so it's only logical to conclude that the Sabres would be riding a wave that he helped start.
Buffalo SabresDon Granato, Jack Quinn, JJ Peterka, Kevyn Adams, Peyton Krebs, Rasmus Dahlin, Two in the Mailbox, Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen
The Instigator Podcast 10.15 – More COVID Issues Running through the NHL
COVID outbreaks continue to impact the NHL schedule as this week has seen a number of teams impacted by positive tests and game postponements. We discuss how these most recent outbreaks are affecting the NHL schedule and what influence it may have on the league's ability to send players to the Olympics. Also on the docket is the impressive play of Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen and how he may be influencing Buffalo's choices in net. Lastly, we touch on the World Junior Championships rosters, the Sabres prospects expected to participate and who we predict to take home gold in this year's tournament.
Buffalo Sabres, NHLBuffalo Sabres, Calgary Flames, Carolina Hurricanes, COVID-19, NHL, The Instigator Podcast, Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen
The Instigator Podcast 10.14 – Can the Sabres Solve their Goalie Woes?
December 7, 2021 Chris OstranderLeave a comment
Malcolm Subban has been acquired, Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen has been recalled and there's still no end in sight for Buffalo's issues in net. We discuss what options are left to the Sabres as they navigate an injury crisis to their goaltenders and how it could affect the remainder of the season. Along the way we touch on the latest round of firings as Jim Benning and Travis Green are out in Vancouver and Alain Vigneault has been fired by the Flyers.
Remember, to use the code Instigator at check out at Manscaped.com to get 20% off your order and free shipping.
Buffalo Sabres, NHLBuffalo Sabres, Malcom Subban, Philadelphia Flyers, Sabres goalies, The Instigator Podcast, Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen, Vancouver Canucks
Finding a Remedy for the Sabres Goaltending Blues
October 8, 2021 October 8, 2021 Chris OstranderLeave a comment
The Sabres are set to enter the year with a 40-year old who nearly retired and a 32 year old who, up until the spring, hadn't seen NHL action in four seasons. It's an unenviable position to be in. And one that is indicative of the larger issues the Sabres are expected to face this year.
Of course, it isn't exactly surprising either.
When the dust settled on July 29 and the Sabres we left with Craig Anderson and Aaron Dell as their prizes from the goaltending carousel, it became evident that Buffalo wouldn't be counting on their goalies to steal them many games. That one of their two offseason acquisitions has now been moved to Rochester is even less encouraging.
Short of completely forgetting how to play the position, Anderson was always going to enter the season as Buffalo's starter. It was the backup position that was truly up in that air. Though I think anyone inside KeyBank Center would have told you Dell and Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen were the only two true competitors ahead of camp.
It's gone a completely different direction since. Dell was downright dreadful, and reports have now surfaced that the Sabres aren't happy with how he arrived in camp. Meanwhile, UPL simply couldn't grab the reins. He'd put in a good period here or there but his larger body of work just wasn't good enough. Much like his four-game audition last year, he turned in some quality play but at the end of the day, too many pucks wound up behind him.
Buffalo SabresBuffalo Sabres, Chicago Blackhawks, Dustin Tokarski, Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen
The Instigator Podcast Episode 10.1 – Previewing the Sabres at the Prospects Challenge
September 14, 2021 Chris OstranderLeave a comment
We're kicking off season 10 of the podcast by breaking down the roster and outlook for this weekend's Prospects Challenge. We take a look at some of the bigger names on Buffalo's roster for the event and who we're excited about seeing on Friday and Saturday. We discuss some of the tournament invites and if any of them could challenge for a contract in the future. We also touch on the new COVID mandates announced by the Bills and Sabres and how that will affect things moving forward this season.
Buffalo SabresJack Quinn, JJ Peterka, Prospects Challenge, Sabres Prospect Challenge, The Instigator Podcast, Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen
The Instigator Podcast 9.20 – The Eichel Episode
April 27, 2021 Chris OstranderLeave a comment
There has been a whole lot said about Jack Eichel over the last few years – and this year in particular. We try and encapsulate some of that conversation related to the Sabres star as we analyze how badly the Sabres miss him on the ice, some of the questionable opinions that exist about him publicly and also the potential that he could be traded. Not only do we discuss the idea that Eichel could be moved but what a trade would look like and how it could affect the club in both the short and long term. Also on this week's show is a discussion on Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen and his NHL debut.
https://mcdn.podbean.com/mf/web/j8nins/Instigator427.mp3
Join The Instigator Podcast betting league on Vig It by using promo code 2ITB at sign up. Vig It is a gamified sports betting app that is free to download and free to play. Bet on real games and win real prizes using Vig It and get ready for the launch of mobile sports betting in New York State.
Buffalo SabresBuffalo Sabres, Jack Eichel, The Instigator Podcast, Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen
Sabres Goaltending Depth Chart Aided by Taxi Squad
December 21, 2020 Chris Ostrander2 Comments
Under normal circumstances the Sabres goaltending depth chart would have been difficult to navigate this year. Prior to the confirmation that teams would be operating with a taxi squad it was looking like it could be a problem.
While Carter Hutton and Linus Ullmark are effectively locked in as the top two goalies, finding appropriate playing time for Jonas Johansson, Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen and Dustin Tokarski was going to require creativity. In a typical regular season the Sabres would have the ability to split their minor league goaltenders between Rochester and Cincinnati, easing the burden on the Amerks' coaching staff to get the right players enough playing time. With Cincinnati not participating this season, the potential for a three-headed monster in the Rochester crease could have been cause for concern.
Aside from finding the right tandem in Buffalo to give the Sabres the best opportunity to end their playoff drought, the most important task with Buffalo's goaltenders is the development of Luukkonen. It seems unlikely that he would have been destined for Cincinnati given the strides he took last year, though the Cyclones would have been a vital relief valve for the organization to utilize to prevent any one goalie from sitting too long. Continue reading →
Buffalo SabresBuffalo Sabres, Buffalo Sabres prospects, Carter Hutton, Dustin Tokarski, Jonas Johnasson, Linus Ullmark, Sabres goalie prospects, Sabres goalies, Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen
The Instigator Podcast 8.16 – World Junior Preview with Kris Baker
Kris Baker joins this week's show as we look ahead to the World Junior Championship and the various Sabres prospects who will be participating in this year's tournament. Also on tap is a look at the decision to send Casey Mittelstadt to Rochester and how Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen has looked since returning from injury.
https://instigatorpodcast.podbean.com/mf/play/a3ydc7/Instigator_12_17_19.mp3
You can listen to The Instigator Podcast on most podcast streaming services, including large providers such as iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, iHeartRadio and TuneIn and most other third-party podcast streaming apps. You can find links to subscribe and rate the show below:
Buffalo SabresBuffalo Sabres prospects, Casey Mittelstadt, Dylan Cozens, The Instigator Podcast, Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen, World Juniors
The Instigator Podcast 8.10 – Sabres European Vacation
October 30, 2019 October 29, 2019 Chris OstranderLeave a comment
Tyler is following the Sabres to Sweden as the official Two in the Box European Correspondent. We open this week's show sharing some stories and thoughts on how great sports roadtrips can be with the team participating in the Global Series next week. Among other topics, Casey Mittelstadt and Buffalo's defense pairs were our primary focus along with a quick UPL update at the tail end of the show.
Check out MyBookie for some of the best odds and prop bets on the web and use the promo code LATEFEES to get double your initial deposit by following this link.
https://instigatorpodcast.podbean.com/mf/play/qx4snr/Instigator_10_29.mp3
Buffalo SabresBrandon Montour, Buffalo Sabres, Buffalo Sabres European trip, Casey Mittelstadt, The Instigator Podcast, Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen
@EvolvingWild Yote coin 10 hours ago


text:
F.E.A.R. Free Download (Platinum Collection)
March 8, 2021 January 22, 2020 by SteamUnlocked
F.E.A.R. Free Download PC Game pre-installed in direct link. F.E.A.R. was released on Oct 17, 2005
Be the hero in your own cinematic epic of action, tension and terror. A mysterious paramilitary force infiltrates a multi-billion dollar aerospace compound, taking hostages but issuing no demands. The government responds by sending in a Special Forces team only to have them obliterated. Live footage of the massacre shows an inexplicable wave of destruction tearing the soldiers apart. With no other recourse, the elite F.E.A.R. (First Encounter Assault Recon) team is assembled to deal with the extraordinary circumstances. They are given one simple mission: Evaluate the threat and eliminate the intruders at any cost. F.E.A.R. Extraction Point Extraction Point kicks off where the original game ended – with a bang. As the helicopter which the F.E.A.R. team is on attempts to leave the vicinity, it instead winds up crashing. The F.E.A.R. team is thus forced to seek out an alternate extraction point, all the way battling the now free Alma and her paranormal minions across a destroyed city. F.E.A.R. Perseus Mandate As the first F.E.A.R. team and Delta Force fight for control of the situation, a second F.E.A.R. team is sent in to shed some light on Armacham Technology Corporation's (ATC) dark past. As a member of a secondary F.E.A.R. team, you are brought in to discover more information regarding the secret project at the ATC facilities. The multiplayer component for this expansion is no longer available.
How to Download & Install F.E.A.R.
Once F.E.A.R. is done downloading, right click the .zip file and click on "Extract to F.E.A.R.Platinum.Collection.zip" (To do this you must have 7-Zip, which you can get here).
Double click inside the F.E.A.R. folder and run the exe application.
F.E.A.R. Free Download
Click the download button below to start FEAR Free Download with direct link. It is the full version of the game. Don't forget to run the game as administrator.
F.E.A.R. (Platinum Collection)
NOTICE: This game is already pre-installed for you, meaning you don't have to install it. If you get any missing dll errors, make sure to look for a _Redist or _CommonRedist folder and install directx, vcredist and all other programs in that folder. You need these programs for the game to run. Look for a 'HOW TO RUN GAME!!.txt' file for more help. Also, be sure to right click the exe and always select "Run as administrator" if you're having problems saving the game. Always disable your anti virus before extracting the game to prevent it from deleting the crack files. If you need additional help, click here
Operating System: Windows® XP, x64 or 2000 with latest service pack installed
Processor: Pentium® 4 1.7 GHz or equivalent processor
Memory: 512 MB of RAM or more
Graphics: 64 MB GeForce™ 4 Ti or Radeon® 9000 video card; Monitor that can display in 4:3 aspect ratio
DirectX®: 9.0c (August Edition) or higher
Hard Drive: 17 GB free Hard Drive Space for installation; Additional hard drive space for a swap file and saved game files
Sound: 16-bit DirectX® 9.0 compliant sound card with support for EAX™ 2.0


Too much going on this weekend to get much poetry read, though I'm looking forward to getting back to Kunitz.
On Friday both Gavin and Kel were here. One of the few rests Leslie and I got was when the two of them decided they would spend a few minutes watching television.
Originally I'd planned on getting pictures of them at the zoo, but our week of sunshine was, naturally, interrupted by rain showers, and I was too busy trying to keep myself and kids dry to take any pictures.
. Unfortunately, you're only able to take flashless pictures in the Hot Room, so the photographs aren't as inspiring as I'd like.
Oh, and by the way, my alter ego has a new story up at Open Source Politics on the Bush administrations forcing the EPA to drop several ongoing lawsuits.
And, by the way, I didn't completely neglect my poetic duties as I somehow managed to discover a new poet, Sam Hamill, while at the glass museum.


The section is dedicated to my quest to get my Logitech Precision Gamepad working, in DOS. Hopefully this information will be useful in helping someone else with one of their projects.
PC Gameport-based gamepads are a dying breed.
The PC Gameport, itself, was a dying breed, even back in mid 2000's.
The PC Gameport was never that good to begin with.
The Gravis Gamepad Pro has been discontined. While the Logitech Precision Gamepad is a suitable replacement, it's only available in USB.
While DOS has no built-in USB stack, there are few hardware devices that has one built-in. After trying three different hardware devices, and two different software TSRs I finally had something that was mostly-working. Therein lies the problem: I was depending on having a working game controller to control my Car-Computer's music player. I never knew if the controller was going to work, and half the time it didn't.
In the summer of 2018, I found a hardware-based USB host controller that I hadn't tried before. It's made by Hobbytronics, over in the UK. Their USB host controller board can receive input from a gamepad then output the results to a serial port. By dealing all of the low-level USB communication it makes it a lot earier for people to interface USB devices in their microntroller programs.
The serial interace on a PC isn't that much different than what one finds on a microntroller. The only meaningful difference is that PCs follow the RS232 standard, which operates at higher voltage levels. With that in mind, I ordered the "USB Joystick" version of the USB host, an RS232 level converter and some header pins.
I started with mounting a power connector and the RS232 level converter to a project box.
Next, I cut a hole for the USB connectors and attached some standoffs for mounting the USB host board.
Next, I soldered headers to the USB host and soldered power wires to it.
This is what it looks like with both boards mounted. From there is a simple matter of wiring the two board together, using a ribbon cable. Since the flow-control lines aren't used there are only four connections: 5v power, ground, receive, and transmit.
Next I tested things out from my desktop PC, using a terminal program. At the time I wasn't getting any response, at all, from the USB Host Board. After confirming that the wiring was correct, the only other things that could go wrong were the Host Board and the RS232 level converter. Fortunately, I had a spare level converter, left over from a previous project.
Next, I remove the back-shell from the level converter and mounted the circuit board, that was inside, to the project case. I still needed a way to join the cables together. This was done by soldering a connector and some hearder pins to an old piece of perf-board.
This is what it looks like with the connectors joined together.
Finally I used some hot glue to attach the perf-board to the bottom of the project box.


text:
Shea Patterson's grasp of Michigan football's system seems advanced
Michigan quarterback Shea Patterson hasn't looked overwhelmed at all through two weeks. That's not because of coaching. That's because of talent.
Shea Patterson's grasp of Michigan football's system seems advanced Michigan quarterback Shea Patterson hasn't looked overwhelmed at all through two weeks. That's not because of coaching. That's because of talent. Check out this story on Freep.com: https://on.freep.com/2CJL19Y
Nick Baumgardner, Detroit Free Press Published 2:07 p.m. ET Sept. 11, 2018
Michigan coach Jim Harbaugh discusses Tru Wilson's climb up the depth chart to earn a scholarship at running back Sept. 10, 2018. Orion Sang, Detroit Free Press
Michigan quarterback Shea Patterson looks to pass against Western Michigan, Saturday, Sept. 8, 2018, at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor.(Photo: Kirthmon F. Dozier, Detroit Free Press)
It was one of the first firm stances Jim Harbaugh took during his coaching tenure at Michigan.
When first-year starter Jake Rudock opened the 2015 season with four interceptions and few big plays over the first two games of the season, Harbaugh cut the questions off before they really ever began.
Rudock, he insisted, was the best quarterback on the team. He'd only been with the program, in a new system, for roughly three months. All passers, even the best ones, need time to get comfortable running a new scheme.
More: Michigan film study: U-M gained 137 yards on 3 carries using this play
"The timing in the passing game, the detail, the precision that's required," Harbaugh said that day. "It takes time on task."
This year, when Shea Patterson arrived as a transfer from Ole Miss, a similar expectation had to be set. Unlike Rudock, Patterson had the benefit of spring practice with his teammates. The workouts helped put him in a better position to both understand concepts of the system and the tendencies of the players around him.
More: Michigan's James Hudson, Jalen Mayfield inching closer at offensive tackle
But, unlike Rudock, Patterson was entering the program after spending the entirety of his young college career working in the spread. And while Michigan's offense is far more complex in terms of timing, as Harbaugh points out, and attention to detail, Patterson has been plenty efficient through his first two games at U-M, completing 68.1 percent of his passes for a solid 7.5 yards per attempt and three touchdowns against one interception. He forced a bad throw that was intercepted at Notre Dame and got caught in the pocket too long on one sack.
Outside of that, he has looked like anything but a first-year system player.
"He's doing really well. Getting the time on task has been good. Always felt a quarterback would be better in six months than when he would when he started, be better after a year, after two years. In anybody's system," Harbaugh said Tuesday. "Spring ball, I think, was a really good thing for Shea as a transfer player."
Michigan quarterback Shea Patterson (2) and receiver Donovan Peoples-Jones (9) celebrate a touchdown during the second half against Western Michigan, Saturday, Sept. 8, 2018, at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor. (Photo: Kirthmon F. Dozier, Detroit Free Press)
On Monday, after Michigan's 46-point win over Western Michigan on Saturday, Harbaugh was asked if he's more inclined to "take the leash" off Patterson within the offense and allow him to do more things moving forward.
He didn't like the leash analogy, of course. But didn't deny the overall idea, as Patterson's ability to make plays from a variety of situations already has been stellar. He has hit deep throws from play-action situations under center. He has moved the pocket and thrown accurately on the run. He has made intricate reads from the shotgun in the pocket.
So, logically, it stands to reason Michigan will be able to continue to toss more at Patterson as long as his information-processing keeps up.
"It's like a show now," said defensive end Rashan Gary, who admits he has caught himself watching Patterson's offense on the video board during games more than he has in past years. "Once we come off the field, go over our defensive adjustments, we get a chance to look up at the screen and seeing the ball move like that.
"It makes it more fun for us."
He has only played in two games and one of those was a loss, in which Patterson had little protection and or help elsewhere.
Still, he has yet to look overwhelmed or simply incapable of grasping what's being thrown at him. Even against Notre Dame, despite the poor protection, he completed better than 66 percent of his throws for 7.6 yards per attempt — on the road, against a stout defense.
Patterson had a high interception rate during his time at Ole Miss and had a tendency to force unnecessary throws. There were times when he ran himself into sacks or negative plays while desperately trying to make something happen.
Most of what he has done so far has been inside the system and he's engineered it like a player who isn't going into his third appearance.
Plenty of that comes from the ability to process information.
The rest comes from a pretty solid right arm.
"There were some things in (the WMU) game, they were outstanding. A couple of throws Shea made," Harbaugh said. "The one he made to his left, to Oliver (Martin) on the boundary while being chased. That was high-level. Unbelievable play. His touchdown pass to Donovan (Peoples-Jones in the back of the end zone) really stood out.
"That wasn't coaching."
Contact Nick Baumgardner: nbaumgardn@freepress.com. Follow him on Twitter @NickBaumgardner. Download our Wolverines Xtra app for free on Apple and Android devices!
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text:
"""Integration tests for Git."""
import github3
from .helper import IntegrationHelper

class TestTree(IntegrationHelper):

    """Integration tests for methods on the Test class."""

    def test_inequality(self):
        """Test that a tree and its recursed tree are not equal."""
        cassette_name = self.cassette_name("ne")
        with self.recorder.use_cassette(cassette_name):
            repository = self.gh.repository("sigmavirus24", "github3.py")
            tree = repository.tree("96726db07528a87b7c1f266ed42cd321070470c2")
            recursed = tree.recurse()
            assert tree != recursed

    def test_recurse(self):
        """Test recurse on tree"""
        cassette_name = self.cassette_name("recurse")
        with self.recorder.use_cassette(cassette_name):
            repository = self.gh.repository("sigmavirus24", "github3.py")
            t = repository.tree(
                "75b347329e3fc87ac78895ca1be58daff78872a1"
            ).recurse()
            assert isinstance(t.tree[0], github3.git.Hash)
            assert repr(t.tree[0]).startswith("<Hash")

class TestReference(IntegrationHelper):

    """Integration tests for methods on the Reference class."""

    def test_update(self):
        """Show that user can update a reference."""
        self.token_login()
        cassette_name = self.cassette_name("update")
        with self.recorder.use_cassette(cassette_name):
            repository = self.gh.repository("github3py", "delete_contents")
            reference = repository.ref("heads/master")
            sha = "778bece4968df36ba739f3f1c50b0cc8979c36ca"
            assert reference.update(sha) is True

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
\section{Introduction}

Investigation the properties of black holes has attracted attention
of more and more astronomers and physicists in the past several
years. On one hand, people want to uncover the mystery of   black
holes by detecting  their  fingerprints. On the other hand, black
holes may be a base to test any scheme for a quantum theory of
gravity. A crucial development in black hole physics is the
discovery of Hawking \cite{Hawking1974} that a black hole was not
totally black  but can emit radiation with Hawking temperature
$T_{BH}=\hbar\kappa_+/2 \pi$, where $\kappa_+ $ is the surface
gravity at the event horizon. Based on the  Hawking temperature, one
can easily obtain  the well known Bekenstein--Hawking entropy
$S_{BH}=A/4l_p^2$, where $A$ is the horizon area and $ l_{p}=(G
\hbar / c^3)^{1/2}$ is the Planck length.

The idea of quantization of a black hole  was proposed first  by
 Bekenstein \cite{Bekenstein1974,Bekensteingr-qc/9710076,Bekensteingr-qc/9808028}, and was
 motivated by the analog that a black hole plays the role in gravitation as an atom plays in the quantum mechanics.
He observed that the horizon area of a non-extremal black hole is
classically adiabatic invariant. According to the Ehrenfest
principle, any classical adiabatic invariant corresponds to a
quantum entity with discrete spectrum; Bekenstein hence conjectured
that the horizon area of a non-extremal quantum black hole has a
discrete eigenvalue spectrum. Based on Christodoulou's point
particle model \cite{Christodoulou1970}, Bekenstein found that the
smallest possible increase in horizon area of a non-extremal black
hole is $ \Delta A=8\pi l_{p}^2$, as the Heisenberg quantum
uncertainty principle was considered \cite{Bekensteingr-qc/9710076}.
 Following the pioneering
work of Bekenstein \cite{Bekensteingr-qc/9710076}, a lot of
independent calculations have been done and the uniformly spaced
area spectrum was  reproduced
\cite{Louko1996,Makela1997,Dolgov1997,Peleg1995,Kastrup1996}. Later
on, Hod \cite{Hod1998} elucidated that the analysis of Bekenstein
was only analogous to the well-known semiclassical determination of
a lower bound on the ground state energy of the hydrogen atom, and
that instead one should consider a wave analysis of black hole
perturbations. In terms of Bohr's correspondence principle, Hod
found that the area spectrum of a black hole can
 be determined by the analysis of the asymptotic behavior (i.e., n$\longrightarrow \infty$) of the highly damped quasi-normal
  mode frequencies. Using the real part of the quasi-normal mode frequency of the  Schwarzschild black hole,  the area
  spectrum was found to be  $\Delta A=4 \lambda l_{p}^2 $, in which $\lambda =\ln 3$. In 2002, Kunstatter \cite{Kunstatter2003}
   further confirmed this result,  combining the proposal of Bekenstein that the black hole horizon area is adiabatic invariant and the  proposal
    of Hod that the quasi-normal mode frequency is responsible for the area spectrum. According to  Kunstatter's viewpoint, the ratio
     $M/\omega$ is invariant, as the quasi-normal mode frequency $\omega$ and  black hole mass $M$ are treated as the classical vibrational
      frequency and system energy in large $n$ limit.
On the basis of
 statistical interpretation for black hole entropy, Bekenstein and Mukhanov \cite {Bekenstein19952} found that the
parameter $\lambda$  should be equal to $\ln k$,  so the results of
Hod and Kunstatter  are  believed to be  more reasonable physically.
  In 2007, Maggiore \cite{Maggiore2008} gave a new interpretation of the black hole quasi-normal mode frequencies. He found that the proper
   frequency of the equivalent harmonic oscillator,
which is interpreted as the quasi-normal mode frequencies
$\omega=\omega_R+i \omega_I$, should consider contributions of both
the real part
 $\omega_R$ and imaginary part $\omega_I$ in  high damping limit. More importantly, Maggiore found that the most interesting case is that
 for the highly excited quasi-normal modes, where the imaginary part  rather than the real part is dominant. In this case,  the area spectrum
  of a Schwarzschild black hole is found to be $ \Delta A=8\pi l_{p}^2$, which is consistent with the semiclassical result of Bekenstein.  Based on
the ideas of Hod, Kunstatter, and Maggiore, the area spectrum and
entropy spectrum of many black hole spactimes have been investigated
\cite{all}. It was shown that the  spacings for the entropy spectrum
and area spectrum are equidistant in Einstein gravity. In modified
gravity theory, it was found that the entropy spectrum is
equidistant, but the area spectrum is not equidistant
\cite{Kothawala2008}. As  higher order quantum corrections to the
semiclassical action are considered \cite{jiang2010}, the entropy
spectrum and area spectrum obey the same rules as in modified
gravity theory.

Very recently, Majhi and Vagenas \cite{Majhi2011} proposed another
scheme to study black hole spectroscopy. In their work, they did not
resort to the quasi-normal mode frequencies of a black hole to find
the area spectrum. Instead, they  used an adiabatic invariant $\int
{p_i dq_i}$, which obeys the  Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule;
 here $p_i$ is the conjugate momentum of the coordinate $q_i$. Their idea was motivated mostly by the initial inference of Bekenstein
 that the horizon area of a black hole is adiabatic invariant.
   As the period of the gravity system is given, which was shown to be related to the surface gravity at the event horizon of the black hole,
  they obtained an equally spaced entropy spectrum of a static, spherical symmetry black hole with
its quantum to be equal to the one given by Bekenstein.

In this paper, we intend to investigate the spectroscopy of a
Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m (RN) black hole. For the area spectrum of a
charged black hole,
 there have been many investigations. In terms of the reduced phase-space quantization,  Barvinsky et al \cite{Barvinsky2001} found that
 the horizon area
should be $A_{ n,p} = 4\pi (2n + p + 1) l_p^2$,  where $n,
p=0,1,2,\cdots$ and the quantum number $p$ corresponds to
$Q=\pm\sqrt{\hbar p}$. Making use of Bohr's correspondence
principle,  Hod showed that the  area spectrum was  $ \Delta A=4 \ln
2 l_p^2$ and $ \Delta A=4 \ln 3 l_p^2$ respectively, for the event
horizon area and the total areas of the inner horizon and outer
horizon \cite{Hod2006,Hod2007}. Recently, Banerjee
 et al \cite{Banerjee279} got the value  $ \Delta A=4  l_p^2$ from the viewpoint of the tunneling paradigm. Based on
  the quasi-normal modes analysis, Wei et al \cite{Wei2010} and  Lopez-Ortega \cite{Lopez-Ortega}, respectively, obtained
  the formalism $ \Delta A=8\pi l_{p}^2$ for the  charged Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger black
hole and  D-dimensional RN black hole. Note that in Refs.
\cite{Wei2010,Lopez-Ortega}, the  small charge limit was imposed. It
is obvious that there is no unanimous consensus  on the spacing of
area spectrum of a  charged black hole.
 According to the viewpoint of Bekenstein \cite{Bekensteingr-qc/9710076}, the spacing is related to the  total number of quantum states
 of the horizon; therefore an -n-depth understanding the spacing of area spectrum of a black hole  may shed light on the statistics origin
 of black hole entropy or information.

Motivated by Ref. \cite{Majhi2011}, we will investigate area
spectrum of an RN black hole using an adiabatic invariant action
variable.  In analytical mechanics, it is known that the action $I$,
action variable  $I_v $, and
Hamiltonian ${H}$ of any single periodic system  satisfy the relation
I= I_v- \int{H} dt$. Thus as the action and Hamiltonian are given,
the quantized action variable can be  obtained with the help of the
Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule. We will prove that the quantized
action variable is nothing but the entropy of the black hole, and
thus the entropy and further the horizon area of the black hole can
be quantized. In the literature,  it is indicated that the quantum
effects of interest take place at  the event horizon and that the
physics near the horizon can be described effectively by a
two-dimensional spacetime  \cite{Robinson2005}. We hence restrict
our investigation to the effective two-dimensional background.

 The remainder of this paper is arranged as follows. In Sec.2, we will find the period of the Einstein-Maxwell system. In Sec.3,
  on the basis of the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule, we will discuss the spacings of the entropy spectrum and area spectrum by
  studying the adiabatic invariant action variable.  Sec.IV presents our  conclusion.

\section{Reissner-Nordstrom black hole in Kruskal-like coordinates}
 The line element of an RN black hole i
\begin{equation}
 \label{1} ds^{2}=-f(r)dt^{2}+f^{-1}(r)dr^{2}+r^{2}d\theta ^{2}+r^{2}\sin^{2}\theta d\varphi
^{2},
\end{equation}
wher
\begin{equation}
 \label{2}f(r)=1-\frac{2M}{r}+\frac{Q^{2}}{r^2}=\frac{(r-r_+)(r-r_-)}{r^2},  \label{2}
\end{equation
in which $r_{\pm}=M\pm\sqrt{M^{2}-Q^{2}}$ are the outer horizon and inner horizon and $M,Q$ are the mass and charge of the black hole. The
electromagnetic potential i
\begin{equation}
 \label{3}A_{\mu }=(\frac{Q}{r},0,0,0).  \label{3}
\end{equation
 More and more literature publications have indicated that the interesting quantum phenomena, such as Hawking radiation,
take place at the event horizon of  a black hole, and  near the
horizon the higher dimensional
  background can effectively be reduced to a two dimensional spacetime  \cite{Robinson2005}. In this paper, we are going to
  investigate the change in horizon area of the
  RN black hole while a particle runs out from the event horizon,
   so we restrict our study to the  effective two dimensional spacetime.

According to the dimensional reduction technique, the
two-dimensional spacetime of an RN black hole can be written as
\cite{Iso20063}
\begin{equation}
 \label{4}ds^{2}=-f(r)dt^{2}+f^{-1}(r)dr^{2}.  \label{4}
\end{equation
In this spacetime, it is well known that  the event horizon is a
coordinate singularity. To get the period of the Einstein-Maxwell
system, we should introduce the Kruskal-like  coordinate. Without
losing the integrity of this paper, we will give some key steps to
construct the Kruskal-like  coordinates.

 As the first step of the coordinate transformations, we use the tortoise coordinate defined
as
\begin{equation}
dr^{\ast }=\frac{1}{f(r)}dr.  \label{5}
\end{equation}
Integrating it over $r$ from $0$ to $r$, we obtain
\begin{equation}
r^{\ast }=r+\frac{1}{2\kappa_+}\ln \frac{r-r_+}{r_+}+\frac{1}{2\kappa_-}\ln \frac{r-r_-}{r_-}, \label{6}
\end{equation}
in which $\kappa_\pm =\frac{r_{+}-r_-}{2 r_{\pm}^{2}}$ is the
surface gravity on the outer (inner) horizon. Note that
 we have considered only the range $r>r_+ $ here.
Using the  null coordinates $u=t-r^{\ast }$, $v=t+r^{\ast },$ we can
construct the coordinates $U=-e^{-{\kappa_+ u}}$,
V=e^{\kappa_+ v}$. In this case, Eq. (\ref{4}) can be rewritten as
\begin{equation}
ds^{2}=-\kappa_+^{-2} e^{\kappa_+(\mu-\nu)}f(r)dUdV.  \label{7}
\end{equation
Defining
\begin{equation}
T=\frac{1}{2}(V+U)=e^{\kappa_+ r}(\frac{r-r_+}{r_+})^{\frac{1}{2}}
(\frac{r-r_-}{r_-})^{\frac{\kappa _+}{2\kappa _-}} \sinh\kappa_+ t,
\label{8}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
R=\frac{1}{2}(V-U)=e^{\kappa_+ r}(\frac{r-r_+}{r_+})^{\frac{1}{2}}
(\frac{r-r_-}{r_-})^{\frac{\kappa _+}{2\kappa _-}} \cosh\kappa_+ t,
\label{9}
\end{equation
Eq. (\ref{7}) can be further expressed as
\begin{equation}
ds^{2}=\kappa_+^{-2} e^{-2 \kappa_+r}(\frac{r-r_-}{r_+})(\frac{r_-}{r-r_-})^{\frac{\kappa_+}{\kappa_-}}(-dT^2+dR^2),  \label{10}
\end{equation
in which $T,R$ are the Kruskal coordinates. Extending the time
coordinate to its imaginary axis, namely $t=-i\tau$, Eq. (\ref{8})
and Eq. (\ref{9}) can be rewritten as
\begin{equation}
iT=\frac{1}{2}(V+U)=e^{\kappa_+ r}(\frac{r-r_+}{r_+})^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{r-r_-}{r_-})^{\frac{\kappa _+}{2\kappa _-}} \sin\kappa_+ \tau,  \label{11}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
R=\frac{1}{2}(V-U)=e^{\kappa_+ r}(\frac{r-r_+}{r_+})^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{r-r_-}{r_-})^{\frac{\kappa _+}{2\kappa _-}} \cos\kappa_+ \tau.  \label{12}
\end{equation
Obviously, both $T,R$ are periodic functions with respect to the
Euclidean time $\tau$ with period ${2\pi}/\kappa_+$. So the period
for any continuous function on variable  $T,R$ is ${2\pi}/\kappa_+$
too. This period is very useful for  studying Hawking temperature
from the viewpoint of the temperature Green function
\cite{Gibbons1978}. Next, we will
 use this period to study the area spectrum of the RN black hole  via an adiabatic invariant action variable.

\section{Entropy spectrum and area spectrum}
The adiabatic invariant is a notion in analytical mechanics. A
physical system governed by a Hamiltonian $H (q, p, \lambda(t))$ is
regarded as undergoing an adiabatic change if $\lambda(t)$  varies
on a timescale longer than the longest timescale $T$  of the
internal motions, namely $T\frac{d \lambda}{dt}\ll \lambda$.
 According to the view of Ehrenfest, all Jacobi action integrals of the form $I_v=\oint p dq $ for a quasi-periodic system
are  adiabatic invariant action variable. In this section, we will
employ the adiabatic invariant action variable $I_v$, which obeys
the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule $I_v=nh$,  to investigate area
spectrum of an RN black hole.

It is well known that in classical mechanics, the  action $I$,
action variable
 $I_v $,  and  the  Hamiltonian  ${H}$ of  any
single periodic system satisfy the relation
\begin{equation}
I= I_v- \int{H}  dt.    \label{14}
\end{equation
Obviously, to obtain the action variable, one should find the
Hamiltonian of the system and the action of  the moving particle.
For any classical Einstein gravity system, the Hamiltonian
(including its Gibbons-Hawking surface term) is always the
 Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) mass of the system. Based on
Eq. (\ref{14}), it was found that there is a ground state for the
Schwarzschild black hole, which may be a candidate of dark matter
\cite{Liu2004}.

For the charged background spacetime, the effect of the
electromagnetic field on action variable must be considered.
Firstly, we concentrate on the Hamiltonian.
 To investigate the first law of black hole mechanics, Wald \cite{Wald1993,Sudarsky1992} once obtained the Hamiltonian for the
 Einstein-Maxwell system. It was found that
 the ADM Hamiltonian for Einstein-Maxwell theory has the
form
\begin{equation}
H=\int_{\Sigma}(N^{\mu}C_{\mu}+N^{\mu}A_{\mu}C), \label{16}
\end{equation
where $\Sigma$ is  a three-dimensional manifold, $N^{\mu}$,  $A_{0}$
are  non-dynamical variables, and
\begin{equation}
0=C=\frac{1}{4\pi}\sqrt{h}D_aE^a,  \label{17}
\end{equation}
 \begin{equation}
0=C_0=\frac{1}{16\pi}\sqrt{h}[-R+2E_aE^a+F_{ab}F^{ab}+\frac{1}{h}(\pi_{ab}\pi^{ab}-\frac{1}{2}\pi^2)], \label{18}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
0=C_a=-\frac{1}{8\pi}\sqrt{h}[D_b(\pi^b_{a}/\sqrt{h})-2F_{ab}E^b], \label{19}
\end{equation}
in which $E^a$ is the electric field, $\pi^{ab}$ is the momentum
canonically conjugate to $h_{ab}$, and $F_{ab}=2D_{[a}A_{b]}$ is the
field strength.
 In the case where $N^{\mu}$ asymptotically approaches
a time transition and considering  contributions from boundary terms
at infinity, the  Hamiltonian can be written as
\begin{equation}
H=H_{\Sigma}+\frac{1}{16\pi}\oint_{\infty}dS^a[\partial^bh_{ab}-\partial_a h^{b}_a]+\frac{1}{4\pi}\oint_{\infty}dS^aA_0E^a.  \label{20}
\end{equation}
Taking into account the classical Hamiltonian  constraints,
$H_{\Sigma}$ will vanish, and hence the  Hamiltonian  should be
\begin{eqnarray}
H&=&\frac{1}{16\pi}\oint_{\infty}dS^a[\partial^bh_{ab}-\partial_a h^{b}_a]+\frac{1}{4\pi}\oint_{\infty}dS^aA_0E^a \nonumber \\
&=&M+\phi^{\infty} Q,  \label{21}
\end{eqnarray}
in which $\phi=Q/r$ is the electrostatic potential and ``$\infty$"
stands for the value at infinity.  It should be pointed out that the
gauge potential in Eq. (\ref{3}) is divergent in the usual RN
coordinates. So a transformation must be performed so that the
vector potential will smooth through the horizon. In Ref.
\cite{Gao044016}, the transformation
$A_a^{\prime}=A_a+\frac{Q}{r_+}(dt)_a$ has been used. Here we also
adopt this skill. In this case, the
 Hamiltonian changes to
\begin{equation}
H=M-\phi^{+} Q,  \label{22}
\end{equation}
where $\phi^{+}=Q/r_+$ is the electrostatic potential at the event
horizon.

 For the action,  many works have been published
\cite{all2}. It has been shown that
 the  general coordinate $A_{\mu}=(A_{t},0)$ is an ignorable coordinate and the
corresponding  freedom should be eliminated completely. In this
case, the action $I$ can be written as
\begin{equation}
I= \int p_r dr-\int p_{A_t} dA_t,   \label{23}
\end{equation
where $p_r$, $p_{A_t}$ are the  canonical momenta conjugate to $r$
and $A_t$, respectively. Therefore, for the two-dimensional
Euclidean metric
\begin{equation}
ds^{2}=f(r)d{\tau}^{2}+f^{-1}(r)dr^{2},  \label{24}
\end{equation}
the invariant action variable can be expressed as
\begin{eqnarray}
\int{H}d\tau&+&\int p_r dr-\int p_{A_{\tau}} dA_{\tau} \nonumber \\
&=&\int{H}d\tau+\int \int _0^{p_r}dp^{\prime}_r dr-\int
\int _0^{p_{A_{\tau}}}dp^{\prime}_{A_{\tau}} dA_{\tau},    \label{25}
\end{eqnarray}
in which $\tau=-it$ is the  Euclidean time. Considering  the
following Hamilton's equations:
\begin{equation}
\dot{r}=\frac{dH}{dp^{\prime}_r}\mid_{(r;A_{\tau},p_{A_{\tau}})},  \label{26}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\dot{A_{\tau}}=\frac{dH}{dp^{\prime}_{A_{\tau}}}\mid_{(A_{\tau};r,p_{A_{\tau}})},  \label{27}
\end{equation}
 the invariant action variable can be rewritten as
\begin{eqnarray}
\oint p dq &=&\int{H}d\tau+\int \int _0^{H_{(r;A_{\tau},p_{A_{\tau}})}}\frac{dH_{(r;A_{\tau},p_{A_{\tau}})}^{\prime}}{\dot{r}} dr  \nonumber \\
&-&\int
\int _0^{H_{(A_{\tau};r,p_{A_{\tau}})}}\frac{dH_{(A_{\tau};r,p_{A_{\tau}})}^{\prime}}{\dot{r}} dr.   \label{28}
\end{eqnarray}
 To obtain  $\dot{r}$, one should consider the  radial,  null
geodesics while a particle runs out.  This method has been used  to
study the tunneling effect extensively \cite{all2}.
 Solving Eq. (\ref{24}), we get
\begin{equation}
\dot{r}\equiv\frac{dr}{d\tau}=\pm if(r),   \label{29}
\end{equation
where  $\pm$ denotes the outgoing (incoming) radial null paths. Thereafter,
 we only focus on the outgoing paths, since these are the ones related to the
quantum mechanically nontrivial features under consideration. In
this case, Eq. (\ref{28})  change to
\begin{equation}
\oint p dq=\int{H}d\tau+\int \int _0^{M}dM^{\prime} d\tau-\int\int _0^{Q}\phi dQ^{\prime}d\tau,    \label{30}
\end{equation
where we have used
\begin{equation}
dH_{(r;A_{\tau},p_{A_{\tau}})}^{\prime}=dM^{\prime},    \label{31}
\end{equation
\begin{equation}
dH_{(A_{\tau};r,p_{A_{\tau}})}^{\prime}=\phi dQ^{\prime}.    \label{32}
\end{equation
Incorporating Eq. (\ref{22}), Eq. (\ref{30})  can be further
simplified as
\begin{equation}
\oint p dq= 2\int\int_{(0,0)}^{(M,Q)}(dM^{\prime}-\frac{Q}{r_+}dQ^{\prime})d\tau.    \label{33}
\end{equation
 Since we are considering only the outgoing paths, the integration limit for $\tau$ should be
 $[0,\frac{\pi}{\kappa_+}]$\cite{Majhi2011}. Using the relation $T_{BH}=\frac{\hbar \kappa_+}{2\pi}$, we can  obtain
 \begin{equation}
\oint p dq=\hbar
\int_{(0,0)}^{(M,Q)}\frac{1}{T_{BH}}(dM^{\prime}-\frac{Q}{r_+}dQ^{\prime}).
\label{add6}
\end{equation
Simplifying Eq. (\ref{add6}), we get
\begin{equation}
\oint p dq= \hbar S_{BH},    \label{34}
\end{equation}
 where the first law of black hole thermodynamics, $dM=T_{BH}dS+\phi_+ dQ$, has been used. Implementing the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule
\begin{equation}
\oint p dq= 2 \pi n\hbar,    \label{35}
\end{equation}
the black hole entropy spectrum can be given directly as
\begin{equation}
S_{BH}= 2 \pi n,   n=1,2,3,\ldots  \label{36}
\end{equation}
One can also get  the spacing for the entropy spectrum
\begin{equation}
\Delta S_{BH}= 2\pi(n+1) - 2\pi{n}=2\pi. \label{37}
\end{equation}
Obviously the entropy of an RN black hole is discrete and the
spacing is equidistant. Recalling that the black hole entropy is
proportional to its horizon area
\begin{equation}
 S_{BH}= \frac{A}{4l_p^2}, \label{38}
\end{equation}
we can also  get the  area spectrum
\begin{equation}
\Delta A= 8 \pi l_p^2. \label{39}
\end{equation}
It is evident that the area spectrum of the RN  black hole is also
equidistant. Our result confirms the initial proposal of Bekenstein
further that the area spectrum is independent of the black hole
parameters and the spacing is $ 8 \pi l_p^2$.

For the spacing of the area spectrum of a black hole,  Medved
 \cite{Medved1005.2838} argued that $8 \pi $ is, by far, the most
qualified candidate  on the basis of the recent tunneling framework
in Ref. \cite{Banerjee2010}. His argument is supported by the
emergent gravity proposed by Verlinde \cite{Verlinde2011}.   To
obtain  Newton's second law of mechanics and Newton's law of
gravitation from thermodynamics, one finds that the unique choice of
the minimal change in the entropy  is $\Delta S=2\pi$, namely, the
area gap should be $8 \pi $. Our result, obviously, agrees with this
argument.

\section{Conclusions}

The area spectrum of  an RN black hole was investigated with the
help of the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule. We obtained an
equally spaced area spectrum by studying the action variable of the
Einstein-Maxwell system. Our result is the same as the one for a
Schwarzschild black hole \cite {Majhi2011}, which confirms the
proposal of Bekenstein that the area spectrum of a black hole is
independent of its parameters. In our calculation, the quasi-normal
mode frequency is not used,  so there is  no confusion as to whether
the real part or imaginary part is responsible for the area
spectrum. This is more convenient and simple. More importantly,
  the small charge limit for a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole was not imposed, which is necessary
   from the viewpoint of quasi-normal mode analysis. Also, we should point out the difference of this paper compared with
   the work in Ref. \cite {Majhi2011}, where the area spectrum of black holes was investigated using an adiabatic invariant.
  The relation between the action
variable  and adiabatic invariant has been discussed recently in
Ref.\cite {Kwon27}. It was found that only the action variable can
be quantized as the equally spaced form $I_v=2 \pi n \hbar$, though
the adiabatic invariant can  also be quantized.  For example, if the
action variable $I_v$ can be quantized via Bohr-Sommerfeld
quantization, $I_v^2$  is not equally  spaced even though it is  an
adiabatic invariant. Hence we think the action variable used in this
paper is more reasonable

Our study is also valid for the rotating black hole. For a Kerr
black hole,
 there is an ergosphere between the outer horizon and infinite redshift surface, so matter dropping into
 this region will be dragged inevitably.  To avoid the dragging effect, one should often perform a  dragging coordinate transformation. Recently, it was shown that the ergosphere outside
 a
 Kerr black hole is similar to the electromagnetic field  outside an RN black hole in the reduced
 two-dimensional metric.  The evidence stems from the investigation of  Iso et  al \cite{Iso2006} that
 the partial wave of quantum fields in the four-dimensional rotating black hole background can be interpreted as
a (1+1)-dimensional charged field with a charge proportional to the
azimuthal angular momentum $m$. Thus the area spectrum of a Kerr
black hole can be investigated by the method used for an RN black
hole.

\section*{Acknowledgements}

This research is supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10773002, 10875012, 11175019). It is
also supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities under Grant No. 105116.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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tZERO, the global leader in blockchain innovation for capital markets, today announced several new appointments to enable its management team to drive further its growth plans, brand and market positioning and business objectives. Effective July 15, 2019, Brooke Navarro was appointed Head of Issuance, Michael Mougias was appointed Head of Investor Relations and Alexandra Sotiropoulos was appointed Head of Communications.
tZERO CEO Saum Noursalehi said, "These appointments are vital to our long-term strategy. On the issuance front, Brooke will drive strategic development of our security token ecosystem by focusing on the supply-side of the equation — working with issuers to bring more quality assets to the PRO Securities ATS. Mike and Alex will spearhead our efforts to continue to develop strategic market positioning for tZERO and engage with current and prospective investors, analysts, media and other tZERO stakeholders. These newly formed roles at tZERO round out the management team and are key to ensuring our continued success. I am proud of the milestones that we have achieved already this year and look forward to what will be achieved through the acquisition of such strong talent."
Brooke Navarro will be the Head of Issuance at tZERO, where she will, with regulated broker-dealer affiliates and partners, work to find companies that are interested in raising new capital through security token offerings or tokenizing their existing cap tables to facilitate secondary liquidity and other objectives. In addition, she will explore strategic partnerships to help scale adoption of tZERO's technology. Navarro brings more than a decade of experience in capital markets, financial advisory and technology. Prior to tZERO, Navarro was a Managing Director in Investment Banking at Barclays, where she helped lead the Technology, Media and Telecom Equity Capital Markets team. In that role, she advised both U.S. and international clients on IPOs, follow-ons, convertibles and private placements, helping to raise more than $35 billion in capital. Navarro received an M.B.A. from Columbia Business School and a B.A. from The George Washington University.
Michael Mougias will lead the development and execution of tZERO's investor relations strategy. Mougias brings a decade of experience across investor relations, capital markets and financial analysis. Before joining tZERO, he served as Head of Investor Relations at IMAX Corporation, a leading entertainment technology company, where he ran investor relations for its NYSE and HKSE listed entities. Prior to that role, Mougias was Head of Investor Relations of IMAX China and before that, he served as Senior Analyst of Ipreo, a capital markets advisory firm. Mougias received a B.A. in Economics and Finance from Sacred Heart University.
Alexandra Sotiropoulos will oversee tZERO's communications function. Sotiropoulos joined tZERO from Intermarket, a leading independent provider of public relations and marketing services to clients in the global financial services industry, where she worked on a diverse group of clients in the financial technology, investment banking and broker dealer spaces—and was a long-standing advisor to tZERO. Sotiropoulos received a B.A. in Public Relations and Chinese from Pennsylvania State University.
tZERO is a technology firm that was founded in 2014 with the goal of utilizing blockchain technology to revolutionize Wall Street so that financial processes could become less beholden to traditional institutional market structures and to bolster and enhance market integrity. tZERO is a keiretsu company of Medici Ventures, the blockchain subsidiary of Overstock.com, Inc. (NASDAQ:OSTK).


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Kia ora koutou katoa, Talofa Lava, Malo e lelei, Ni Hao, Anyoung haseyo, Konichi wa, Guten tag, Gruetzi, Bonjour, Ola, hello
Thank you for considering Tauriko School as your school of choice for your child.
Tauriko School operates an enrolment scheme. All children who live within the zone operated by this scheme are entitled to come to Tauriko School as of right. Enrolment forms for these students can be obtained from the school office.
Parents of students who live within the school's home zone and who intend to enrol their child(ren) at any time during 2022, should notify the school as soon as possible to assist the school to plan appropriately for 2022.
Any children who do not live in this zone can pre-enrol to apply to be considered for a place the following term. If more students apply than there are out-of-zone places a ballot is held to determine which students are enrolled. Information about this process and how it works is on our website here.
Parents of students turning five, who live in our home zone and intend enrolling their child at any time during 2021, should notify Kay Taylor ( ktaylor@tauriko.school.nz ) as soon as possible to assist the school to plan appropriately for 2022.
We look forward to receiving your enrolment application.
School Procedures:
"Tauriko School operates an enrolment scheme. It is required that this operates under all legal obligations of the Education Act and as per MOE guidelines. The Board's direction is to operate this scheme in order that sufficient places are available for all in-zone students and the Board's annual planning is supported.
"We ballot out-of-zone students to have no more than three classes of students at any one time in the school. The Principal makes decisions according to spaces available in NE to Year 6. When considering spaces in our Tall Poppies classrooms, only Year 7 students are balloted and only in Terms 2 – 4. "(BOT meeting - 21 May 2020).
The Principal is to look at known numbers for the following term and follow this direction when setting ballot numbers for that term. The Board makes this decision being aware that out-of-zone students do not attract property funding and the impact this could have on class numbers with the school's classroom space being at a premium."
All out-of-zone enrolment applications include evidence of genuine enrolment. These can include:
Sale and purchase agreement for an existing home
Any new home needing to be built would need title and have documentation of an expected start and completion date from the contracted builder.
Copy of utilities bill showing proof of address with the name of the enrolling parent/caregiver on this
2022 Out-of-zone Enrolment Dates:
Term 1: Thursday 28 October 2021, with ballot if needed Friday 29 October 2021
New Entrants - 8 spaces
Year 5 & 6 - 15 spaces
If spaces are not filled an additional opportunity to enrol will be provided on Friday 28 January 2022 closing at 10am with ballot if needed in the afternoon of the same day.
Term 2: Thursday 3 March 2022, with ballot if needed Friday 4 March 2022.
If spaces are not filled an additional opportunity to enrol will be provided on Thursday 7 April 2022 with ballot if needed on Friday 8 April.
Term 3: Thursday 2 June 2022, with ballot if needed Friday 3 June 2022
If spaces are not filled an additional opportunity to enrol will be provided on Thursday 30 June 2022 with ballot if needed on Friday 1 July.
Term 4: Thursday 25 August 2022, with ballot if needed Friday 26 August 2022
If spaces are not filled an additional opportunity to enrol will be provided on Thursday 22 September 2022 with ballot if needed on Friday 23 September.
Each term an application form will be on the website outlining the places available at the Year levels of the school where vacancies exist. The exact number of places available will depend on the number of applications received from students who live within the school's home zone and the Board's direction as per school procedures outlined above.


text:
The UK's soft power challenge
In it for long-run success. London at the meridian. Photo ©
Unsplash, reproduced under licence and adapted from the original.
The UK's soft power pre-eminence is vital for its post-Brexit future, but increasingly being challenged. Insight looks at the latest evidence.
The UK's position as a "soft power superpower" is well known. The results from the British Council's 2018 youth perceptions survey of the G20, and those of various other rankings such as the Portland 30, agree that the UK is in a leading position. Yet the data also reinforces the view that there's no room for complacency. In the British Council research, the UK is only marginally ahead of its two closest competitors: Germany and Japan - compare its results for attractiveness (81%) with those from Germany (79%) and Japan (78%), with Canada clearly in the lead on 84%. Portland crowned the UK as the world's leading soft power in 2018, but again very much as first amongst equals. Portland will shortly reveal their 2019 league table and we shall see if the UK is displaced.
A country's soft power is not guaranteed. The example of the US shows that, having been the pre-eminent hard and soft power, it has lost much of the trust it once could draw on. Its government is now the most distrusted of any in the G20. America remains the world's most powerful nation, but its government is no longer considered very trustworthy, at least in comparison to other leading liberal democracies. Trust in its government stood at just 36% in 2018, but distrust was 45%, the highest of any of the G20.
Trust matters. Numerous studies indicate the dividends of trusting relationships. In Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, Francis Fukuyama argued that prosperous countries tend to be those where business relations can be conducted flexibly on the basis of trust. Other studies have found that trust is robustly related to economic growth, with one finding that growth rises nearly 1% on average for each 15% increase in trust (Zak and Knack (2001), Trust and growth. Economic Journal 111/470: 295-321). Other academics have found that, when mutual trust between the populations of two countries increases by 1%, exports rise by 0.6% and foreign direct investment (FDI) by 3% (Dekker et al. (2007) Diverse Europe – Public Opinion on the EU). High-trust relationships have lower transaction costs, which stimulate investment, production, and trade, in turn leading to economic growth. The British Council's report found that people who trusted the UK were roughly twice as likely to want to engage with it in future.
The research also identified the qualities most strongly associated with trust. These were that the UK was perceived as open and welcoming, with a free and fair justice system and world-leading arts and culture, and with a government that treats everyone in the country fairly, contributes its fair share to aid, works constructively with others around the world.
For the UK and other open societies, 'openness' was the single strongest driver of trust in people, followed by contribution to development, and a free justice system. For trust in government, the state's contribution to development was the most prominent driver, followed by 'works constructively with other governments' and 'open and welcoming'.
Soon to be published analysis of the survey found that these results were remarkably similar to those of the UK's close rivals for trust and attractiveness. The UK came first for perceptions of a free justice system and for world leading arts and culture; second, to Japan, for openness; second to Germany for contribution to development and treating everybody fairly; and third, behind both Germany and Japan, for working constructively with other governments. The closeness in the results again emphasises the UK's enviable but vulnerable position as 'first amongst equals'.
One interesting finding of the research is that soft power seems to be of growing importance to the UK. Decisions on doing business internationally, on overseas study, tourism and cultural consumption, even on security, are all influenced by a state's soft power. The countries with the biggest economies are seen as the most attractive for doing business, but the UK comes ahead of Germany, France, and India (27%, 24%, 13% and 9%), all countries with broadly similar GDPs. The UK's soft power is apparently helping to give it an edge over its rivals. As other countries' economies develop, the UK will find the international competition for FDI and trade will become more intense. It will be the UK's soft power that will be key to success in this increasingly crowded market.
Maintaining the position of 'Global Britain'
Part of the UK's attractiveness is down to luck and history, with its positioning between the vast markets of East and West, the supremacy of the English language as the lingua franca of business and science, and the concentration of financial and legal expertise in London, all contributing to its attractiveness as a place to do business.
But it is the values and culture of the UK that will give it the edge as competition intensifies
But it is the values and culture of the UK that will give it the edge as competition intensifies. The UK's reputation for stability, openness, and equality and fairness gives investors the confidence to choose it ahead of other possible destinations. The UK's "world-leading arts and cultural institutions and attractions" drives interest in cultural engagement, but it is also the single strongest driver of intentions to visit the UK. Cultural engagement, whether it is through an international poetry slam focussed on intersectionality, or a celebration of Monty Python's Flying Circus at a film festival - or an international friendly match with a Premier League football team - all serve to heighten interest in the UK. The UK's soft power gives it a vital edge over its close economic rivals. Its culture, both in the specific sense of the Arts, but also in the wider social sense described by thinkers like Raymond Williams, is essential to its attractiveness as a place to do business. In looking to develop trade links with the wider world, post-Brexit UK policymakers should have due regard to the UK's culture.
So how can the UK ensure it continues to be first amongst equals? What are the policy levers available to HM Government to cultivate the UK's soft power? Much of it comes from factors out with the government's control - indeed legitimacy and credibility often depend on government not being involved. There is a fine line between soft power and propaganda, but it is a difference we can all recognise. Where soft power is instrumentalised by the state, credibility and trust will generally be lacking. If building trust is the object of policy, governments are generally advised to step back and operate at arms-length. (See Soft Power and Public Diplomacy Revisited, Joseph Nye, Hague Journal of Diplomacy 14 (2019) 7-20). UK Government has generally been successful at empowering the agencies that build trust in the UK. The institutional model of the UK is sound, it provides funding for the international activities of organisations like the BBC World Service and the British Council, while stepping back from interfering in editorial and operational decisions. The result is these bodies are generally more trusted than the government itself but, crucially, they increase trust in the UK government. This is similar to the soft power benefits arising from the UK's commitment to foreign aid. By giving the world a reliable source of impartial news reporting and supporting the UK's culture, education, and language, the UK demonstrates that it is a generous country, committed to the common good.
Other countries recording close results to the UK's for trust and attractiveness share similar values and priorities and are investing heavily in soft power initiatives like foreign language broadcasting and cultural relations. Last year the German government increased funding in Deutshce Welle by €35 million, and announced a €33 million increase (to a total of €956 million) for foreign cultural and education policy work. Unlike the British Council, whose government funding for its activities in the developed world has been declining, the network of Germany's Goethe Institute has been growing: between 2013 and 2018 the number of offices grew from 159 to 169, whereas that of the British Council contracted from 196 to 177. Through a new partnership with the Institut Français, the Goethe is committed to further expansion, with new offices set to open in Erbil, Bishkek, Rio de Janeiro, and Palermo. This matters. Cultural institutions are influential for attracting international students, tourists, and FDI. For example, academics at the University of Edinburgh have found that a 1% increase in the number of countries a cultural institution from country X covers is associated with on average a 0.66% increase in FDI and a 0.73% increase in international students for that country.
Complacency is the real threat to the UK's position. It could easily be overtaken by countries like Germany and Japan and miss out economically and in influence if it fails to match its rival's commitment to and investment in international engagement. In the era of Brexit, there is a pressing need to increase the trust the UK has lost with Continental neighbours to ensure it continues to be an attractive, influential partner. In this context, funding restrictions driving the contraction in cultural relations operations in Europe risk being counter-productive. As the latest Portland Soft Power report puts it: 'The British Council in particular has been instrumental in spreading British influence and cultivating soft power through cultural and educational engagement.' [Portland (2018) Soft Power 30: A Global Ranking of Soft Power 2018 [30/08/2019 12:12]. Similarly, the signing of new trade deals with developed economies post-Brexit will be easier where trust in the people and government of the UK is highest, which in turn suggests the wisdom of continuing to invest in engagement with the developed as well as the developing world.
The reason the UK is first amongst equals when it comes to soft power is its culture and values. The arts, the English language, sport and higher education, but also culture in the wider sense of the country's values and identity; the openness and diversity of the British people, the respect for the law and for fairness, an approach to the world that is focussed on the common good rather than narrow self-interest. But these are things the UK shares in common with the other leading economies. It would take only a very slight shift in perceptions in a couple of the socio-cultural qualities key to trust for the UK to lose its edge over others. Meanwhile, China and especially India and Indonesia can and very likely will improve upon their results for trust and attractiveness as they continue to grow and invest.
Being first amongst equals has been vital to the UK's international success. With growing international competition it will come to be even more dependent on continuing to be the world's soft power superpower
The fact that soft power can be lost means UK policymakers must be alive to the challenges posed by both current events and long term, structural challenges. The UK is first amongst equals, but small shifts in others' opinion of us could very easily change the rankings, while a more significant change in attitudes could see the UK's position move closer to that of the United States. The UK must continue to be perceived as outward looking, open, and optimistic. Other states have been willing to give credence to the UK's point of view because it is recognised as a leading proponent of the rules-based international system. If the UK steps back from that stance it will lose influence and become less attractive and deserving of the trust of others. That would have very real costs. If it is to maintain its leading position in a changing world, the UK needs to embrace an ambitious vision and strategy for soft power for a 'Global Britain'; a continued commitment to multilateral, mutually beneficial co-operation and international development; and a renewed investment in the diplomatic network.
Being first amongst equals has been vital to the UK's international success. With growing international competition it will come to be even more dependent on continuing to be the world's soft power superpower.
Alistair MacDonald, Senior Policy Advisor, British Council
The UK's powers of attraction
The top soft powers of 2018
Soft power today: Measuring the effects
Smart thinking about smart power
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Roughly 8,000 employees work towards NKD's success every day. Whether in administration, logistics or in its 1,800 stores Europe-wide – they all have one goal in common: happy customers.
The textile discounter has increased its sales over the past three years by an average of 5.8 percent (CAGR 2014 to 2017) per year and has therefore grown faster than the market. In 2017, NKD achieved a turnover of more than 698 million Euros.


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Question:Suppose you bought a 8 percent coupon bond one year ago for $1,050. The bond sells...
Suppose you bought a 8 percent coupon bond one year ago for $1,050. The bond sells...
Suppose you bought a 8 percent coupon bond one year ago for $1,050. The bond sells for $1,115 today.
Requirement 1: Assuming a $1,000 face value, what was your total dollar return on this investment over the past year?
Requirement 2: What was your total rate of return on this investment over the past year (in percent)?
Requirement 3: If the inflation rate last year was 5 percent, what was your total "real" rate of return on this investment? Assume that the answer for "Requirement 2" above is in "nominal" terms, and then use the Fisher Effect Formula (see Bond chapter) to find the "real" rate of return. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
Add a commentTranscribed image text
We can find the total dollar return as a change in price plus the coupon payment as follows :-
coupon payment = 1000*8% = $80
Total dollar return = $1,115- 1,050+80
Total dollar return = $145
We can calculate the nominal percentage of return of the bond as follows :-
R = ($1,115- 1,050+ 80) / $1,050
R = 0.1380, or 13.80%
Using the Fisher equation, the real return can be calculated as follows :-
formula = (1 + R) / (1 + inflation rate) - 1
r = (1.1380 / 1.05) - 1
r = 0.0838, or 8.38%
If the inflation rate last year was 5 percent, our total "real" rate of return on this investment = 8.38%
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3. You bought one of BB Co.'s 10% coupon bonds one year ago for $1100....
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You bought one of Mastadon Manufacturing Co.'s 8.6 percent coupon bonds one year ago for $1,046. These bonds make annual payments, mature fifteen years from now, and have a par value of $1,000. Suppose you decide to sell your bonds today, when the required return on the bonds is 8 percent. If the inflation rate was 3.0 percent over the past year, what would be your total real return on the investment? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer...
You bought one of Great White Shark Repellant Co.'s 10 percent coupon bonds one year ago...
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How to fix Exchange 2010 Management Console "Initialization failed" Error Launch the elevated Command Prompt, type iisreset. Now refresh the Exchange Management Console, you will no longer have that error showing. That's it!