Humans and other animals exchange gravitational potential energy (GPE) and kinetic energy (KE) of the center of mass during level walking. How effective is this energy exchange during downhill and uphill walking? Based on previous reports and our own reasoning, we expected that during downhill walking, the possibility for mechanical energy exchange would be enhanced and during uphill walking, the possibility for exchange would be reduced. We measured the fluctuations of the mechanical energies for five men and five women walking at 1.25 m s-1. Subjects walked on the level, downhill, and uphill on a force measuring treadmill mounted at 3°, 6° and 9°. We evaluated energy exchange during the single support period based on the GPE and KE fluctuation factors of phase relationship, relative magnitude and extent of symmetry. As expected, during level walking, the GPE and KE curves were out of phase, of similar magnitude, and nearly mirror images so that the fluctuations in combined (GPE+KE) energy were attenuated. During downhill walking, the fluctuations in the combined energy of the center of mass were smaller than those on the level, i.e. mechanical energy exchange was more effective. During uphill walking, the fluctuations in the combined energy of the center of mass were larger than those on the level, i.e. mechanical energy exchange was less effective. Mechanical energy exchange occurred during downhill, level and uphill walking, but it was most effective during downhill walking.
Level walking is often compared mechanically to a rolling egg (Cavagna and Margaria, 1966) or an inverted pendulum (Mochon and McMahon, 1980). On a level surface, these analogies accurately describe the energy exchange mechanism utilized by humans and other animals. During the first half of the single support period, the kinetic energy (KE) of the center of mass decreases and is converted into gravitational potential energy (GPE). Conversely, during the second half of the single support period, GPE of the center of mass decreases and is converted into KE. Ideally, these opposite fluctuations of GPE and KE would result in the center of mass combined (GPE+KE) energy being constant so that the muscles need not perform any work (Cavagna et al., 1977). The purpose of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of this energy exchange during downhill and uphill walking.
Cavagna et al. evaluated the inverted pendulum mechanism during level walking, by analyzing three factors of the GPE and KE fluctuation patterns: phase relationship, relative magnitude and extent of symmetry (Cavagna et al., 1977). Three conditions must exist for ideal mechanical energy exchange. First, the GPE maximum must occur at the same time as the KE minimum and the KE maximum must occur at the same time as the GPE minimum. Second, the magnitudes of the energy fluctuations must be the same, and third, the GPE and KE fluctuations must be mirror images of each other. Our goal was to explicitly quantify how these factors are influenced by slope during hill walking.
Margaria pioneered the physiological study of slope walking (Margaria, 1938). He found that during uphill walking at a constant speed, metabolic rate increases linearly with slope. During downhill walking, the metabolic rate decreases until about -6° and then inflects and is actually greater for -9° and steeper slopes. More recently, Minetti and colleagues have further explored both the mechanical work output and metabolic cost during downhill and uphill walking at a variety of speeds. Minetti et al. (Minetti et al., 1993) reported that during downhill walking at -9°, positive work was less than 5% of the total external work, whereas during uphill walking at +9°, positive work was almost 100% of the total external work. At uphill angles above +9°, the trajectory of the center of mass increased steadily and external mechanical work was entirely positive (Minetti et al., 1993). Subsequently, Minetti and colleagues reported that mechanical energy exchange is less effective during both downhill and uphill walking (Minetti et al., 1994). However, neither of those papers nor to our knowledge any subsequent publication has provided numerical or graphical data supporting that conclusion. In fact, Minetti et al. commented that a biomechanical study is needed to appropriately characterize exactly how the inverted pendulum mechanism disappears, particularly at steep gradients (Minetti et al., 2002).
Force measuring treadmill mounted at 9°.
In contrast, the passive dynamic walking theory posits that bipeds can walk down slopes with perfect exchange of mechanical energy. Mochon and McMahon developed the first mathematical model of passive walking (Mochon and McMahon, 1980). McGeer extended their model and built physical machines that passively walk down gradual slopes (McGeer, 1990). These passive walkers and subsequent iterations rely on gravity to both replace energy lost at foot-ground collision and cause the swinging pendulum action of the legs (Garcia et al., 1998; Kuo, 2002). Most pertinent to the present study, passive dynamic walking models and machines demonstrate that the exchange of mechanical energy can be quite effective during downhill walking.
The purpose of our study was to quantify the center of mass energy exchange and conservation during both downhill and uphill human walking at various slopes. We recognized that the net GPE would decrease or increase during the single support period depending on the downhill or uphill angle, respectively. In addition, because we tested constant speed walking, we reasoned that the average KE would not differ from level walking. Thus, we anticipated that the combined (GPE+KE) energy fluctuation patterns would demonstrate that energy exchange differs between downhill and uphill angles. But, we could not predict how GPE and KE would fluctuate during each single support period of downhill and uphill walking. For example, does GPE steadily decrease or increase during the single support period, or are there local minima and maxima, similar to level walking? Does KE decrease and increase with both the same magnitude and timing as level walking? Are the GPE and KE fluctuation patterns for downhill walking the inverse of the fluctuation patterns for uphill walking or are the patterns unique?
Five men and five women volunteered (age=30.35±5.09 years, height=1.72±0.06 m, mass=62.56±7.59 kg, mean ± s.d.). All of these healthy, recreational athletes gave written informed consent that followed the guidelines of the University of Colorado Human Research Committee.
Subjects walked at 1.25 m s-1 downhill and uphill on a custom-built treadmill secured to a force platform (ZBP - 7124-6-4000; Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA) mounted on 3°, 6° and 9° wedges (Fig. 1) in addition to walking on the level force treadmill (Gottschall and Kram, 2005; Kram et al., 1998). Due to the lengthy process of changing the slope, each subject completed experimental sessions on 4 different days. The order of the sessions was randomized for each subject. After treadmill habituation, subjects walked on the force treadmill on the level or both downhill and uphill at the determined angle, for 1 min. We collected 10 s of ground reaction force (GRF) data at 1000 Hz during each trial (LabView 4.0; National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA).
After data collection, we filtered the GRF data, detected heel-strike and toe-off events, and calculated the mechanical energy fluctuations. The GRF data were digitally filtered using a fourth-order recursive, zero phase-shift, Butterworth low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 25 Hz. We detected each heelstrike by calculating the center of pressure translation; on a force treadmill, the center of pressure suddenly shifts anteriorly with each heel strike event (Davis and Cavanagh, 1993). Next, we calculated the mechanical energy fluctuations of the center of mass by integrating the GRF data. A MatLab integration program was created based on the method of Cavagna and colleagues (Cavagna, 1975; Cavagna et al., 1977) which we modified for hill walking. Our goal was to explicitly quantify how mechanical energy fluctuations are influenced by slope during hill walking. For each of these calculations we focused on the single support period, which can be modeled as an inverted pendulum. Thus, our investigation did not include calculations of the work performed during the double support period, which would require analysis of the simultaneous work of both legs on a dual belt treadmill (Donelan et al., 2002b).
In order to calculate the instantaneous energies of the center of mass, we combined the normal and parallel GRF components into a global vertical force (Fvertical) equal to (Fnormalcosθ)+(Fparallelsinθ). Fnormal is the force perpendicular to the treadmill belt, Fparallel is the force parallel to the treadmill belt, and θ is the angle of the treadmill relative to the ground. We utilized this Fvertical to calculate the instantaneous vertical acceleration (avertical) equal to (Fvertical-mg)/m, where m is the subject's body mass and g is the gravitational acceleration 9.81 m s-2.
We calculated instantaneous vertical velocity (vvertical) by integrating the vertical acceleration (avertical) with respect to time and adding an integration constant. For level locomotion, the Cavagna method determines the integration constant by knowing that the average vertical velocity over a complete stride is zero. For hill walking, we calculated the integration constant by knowing that the average vertical velocity was virtually equal to the vtreadsinθ, where vtread is the velocity of the treadmill belt.
We calculated instantaneous vertical position (hvertical) by integrating the vertical velocity (vvertical) with respect to time and adding an integration constant. For level locomotion, the Cavagna method determines the integration constant for this calculation by knowing that the center of mass returns to the same vertical position at the beginning of each stride. For hill locomotion, we calculated the integration constant knowing that over a complete stride the center of mass changes vertical position by an amount virtually equal to (vtread sinθ)×(tstride), where tstride is equal to the time for one complete stride. Lastly, we calculated the instantaneous GPE, mghvertical.
Center of mass mechanical energy versus time for a typical subject (54 kg). Solid lines indicate double support periods and dotted lines indicate single support periods.
In order to calculate the instantaneous KE fluctuations of the center of mass, we used the normal and parallel ground reaction force components (Fnormal and Fparallel) beginning with the determination of instantaneous acceleration in each direction (anormal and aparallel) equal to (Fnormal-mgcosθ)/m and (Fparallelsinθ)/m, respectively.
Next, we calculated the normal and parallel instantaneous velocities (vnormal and vparallel) by integrating the acceleration (anormal and aparallel) with respect to time and adding an integration constant that was adjusted for hill locomotion. The integration constant was calculated by knowing that the average parallel velocity was equal to the vtread and that the average vnormal was zero. Lastly, we combined these normal and parallel velocities (vnormal and vparallel) using the Pythagorean theorem to determine vresult and then KE fluctuations, 0.5mv2result.
We quantified the mechanical energy fluctuations per step, and averaged ten steps per condition for each subject. We calculated the decreases and increases in GPE, KE and combined (GPE+KE) energy. Next, we determined the positive external (+Wext) and negative external (-Wext) work per step from the sum of the positive and negative increments in combined (GPE+KE) energy, respectively.
We utilized these mechanical energy results to evaluate energy exchange. We calculated the phase relationship by calculating the alpha value. Alpha was equal to the product of 360° and the ratio of the difference in time between the KE maximum and GPE minimum (Δt) and the stride period (T). Given this definition, if the fluctuations were perfectly out of phase, alpha would be equal to zero degrees. We assessed the relative magnitude of the relative energy fluctuations by calculating the ratio of change (ΔKE/ΔGPE). If the fluctuations were the same magnitude, the ratio would be equal to 1. We evaluated if GPE and KE were mirror images of each other by examining the combined (GPE+KE) curves.
Finally, to compare how the mechanical energies fluctuated on the different hill angles we excluded the overall work necessary to raise or lower the center of mass. To do so, we calculated the instantaneous energies of the center of mass in the same manner as previously described. However, instead of integrating the global vertical and horizontal forces, we integrated the normal and parallel force components. Also, we calculated the integration constants as if the center of mass had no net change in height. This transformation factored out the inherent net decrease or net increase in GPE due to the hill angle. If a transformed (tGPE+KE) energy curve is flat with no fluctuations then the transformed (tWext) would be equal to zero.
These mechanical energy data were analyzed across all conditions using a repeated measures design (ANOVA). We performed Newman-Keuls post-hoc tests to analyze the differences between conditions and report all values as mean ± standard deviation. Significance was defined at P<0.05.
To quantify the possibility of energy exchange, we evaluated GPE and KE fluctuations during the single support period (Fig. 2). During both downhill and uphill walking at steeper hill angles, GPE local maxima and minima during the stance phase diminished. However, even during downhill and uphill walking at 9°, GPE still did not demonstrate a steady decrease or increase. The KE fluctuation patterns during both downhill and uphill walking were similar to level walking, but the magnitude changes were larger during both uphill and downhill walking. As expected, during hill walking, the combined (GPE+KE) energy fluctuation patterns were dominated by changes in GPE. Yet, these patterns clearly indicate that energy was still exchanged during both downhill and uphill walking.
The three factors utilized by Cavagna et al. (Cavagna et al., 1977) to evaluate mechanical energy exchange indicated that downhill, level and uphill walking were dramatically different from each other (Tables 1, 2). During level walking, alpha was 26.30±6.77 degrees, the ratio of ΔKE and ΔGPE was 0.94±0.15, the +Wext value was 0.48±0.06 J kg-1 step-1 and the -Wext value was 0.43±0.02 J kg-1 step-1. During downhill walking at -9°, alpha decreased to -7.33±6.94° and during uphill walking at +9°, alpha increased to 50.91±12.32°. During -9° downhill walking, the ratio of ΔKE and ΔGPE increased to 1.41±0.67 whereas during +9° uphill walking the ratio decreased to 0.35±0.03 (all values mean ± s.d., P<0.0001).
The center of mass GPE fluctuation patterns were asymmetrical during each single support period for both downhill and uphill walking (Fig. 2, top row of traces). On the level, the increases and decreases of the GPE during the stance phase were nearly equal in magnitude, ±0.43 J kg-1 step-1. But at steep angles, during the single support period the center of mass GPE predominately decreased during downhill walking and predominately increased during uphill walking. During downhill walking at the -9°, -6° and -3° angles, the center of mass GPE increased 86%, 60% and 54% less than it decreased (all values P<0.0001). Conversely, during uphill walking at the +3°, +6° and +9° angles, the center of mass GPE increased 63%, 79% and 81% more than it decreased (all values different from level values, P<0.0001).
These GPE fluctuations during downhill and uphill walking were a result of the inherent net increases and decreases in the center of mass position during the single support period due to the hill angle. For comparison, the center of mass position during level walking ascended, on average, 4.4 cm during the first half of the stance phase and descended, on average, an equal 4.4 cm during the second half of the stance phase. During downhill walking at -9°, the subjects' center of mass height during the stance phase ascended by less than 1.5 cm and descended by 8.7 cm. During uphill walking at +9°, the subjects' center of mass height during the stance phase ascended by 9.2 cm and descended by only 1.8 cm (all values different from level values, P<0.0001).
The center of mass KE fluctuation patterns during the stance phase of both downhill and uphill walking were similar to level walking in terms of the symmetrical decrease and increase (Fig. 2, middle row of traces). However, the magnitude of these fluctuations increased as the angle of the hill increased. On the level, the decreases and increases of KE during the stance phase were an equal and symmetrical ±0.38 J kg-1 step-1. For downhill walking at angles of -9°, -6° and -3°, the center of mass KE fluctuated 47%, 32% and 16% more than level walking (all values different from level values, P<0.01). Similarly, during uphill walking at +3°, +6° and +9° angles, the center of mass KE fluctuated 5%, 23% and 29% more than level walking (all values different from level, P<0.05).
These KE fluctuations during downhill and uphill walking reflect the velocity fluctuations during each single support period. For comparison, the center of mass velocity during level walking decelerated and accelerated by 0.09 m s-1 during the stance phase. During downhill and uphill walking at 9°, the subject's center of mass velocity during the stance phase decelerated and accelerated by 0.18 m s-1 and 0.11 m s-1, respectively.
After factoring out the inherent net decrease or increase in combined (GPE+KE) energy due to the hill angle, the transformed energy fluctuations demonstrated that mechanical energy is exchanged most effectively during moderate slope downhill walking and least effectively during uphill walking (Fig. 2, bottom row of traces and Fig. 3). During level walking, the center of mass combined energy fluctuated by an average of± 0.32 J kg-1 step-1. At downhill angles of -9°, -6° and -3°, the center of mass transformed energy fluctuations (tGPE+KE) were 12%, 33% and 41% smaller, respectively (all values P<0.05). At uphill angles of +3°, +6° and +9°, the center of mass transformed energy fluctuations (tGPE+KE) were 19%, 41% and 51% larger, respectively (all values P<0.01). The transformed combined (tGPE+KE) energy curves indicated that the +tWext and -tWext values were 0.36±0.06 J kg-1 step-1 and -0.38±0.07 J kg-1 step-1 during downhill walking at -9° and 0.97±0.08 J kg-1 step-1 and -1.03±0.12 J kg-1 step-1 during uphill walking at +9° (P<0.0001).
(A) Combined gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy (GPE+KE) curves at -9°, level and +9°. (B) Transformed (tGPE+KE) energy curves at -9°, level and +9° excluding the overall work necessary to lower or raise the center of mass.
Mechanical energy is exchanged and conserved during the single support period of level and both downhill and uphill walking. During downhill walking, to maintain a constant average speed, energy must be dissipated to resist gravity. This occurs at and immediately after heelstrike, and both GPE and KE of the center of mass decrease. During uphill walking, energy must be generated to overcome gravity. This occurs prior to toe-off, and both GPE and KE increase. But, for both downhill and uphill walking, during the remainder of the step, KE fluctuations are mitigated by opposite GPE fluctuations and GPE fluctuations are mitigated by opposite KE fluctuations, indicating mechanical energy exchange.
Ideal mechanical energy exchange during the single support period is indicated by an alpha value equal to zero, the ratio of KE and GPE magnitude fluctuations equal to 1, and the sum of positive and negative external work equal to zero (Table 1). First, compared with level walking, the alpha value decreased during downhill walking and increased during uphill walking. The GPE and KE fluctuations were nearly out of phase during downhill walking at an angle of -6°. Second, as the downhill and uphill angles increased from level walking, theΔ KE/ΔGPE ratio increased or decreased away from 1, respectively. This ratio demonstrated that the relative magnitude of the energy fluctuations was closest to 1 during downhill walking at -3°. Third, compared with level walking, at steeper downhill angles, the positive external work was substantially less, as indicated by the smaller fluctuations in the combined energy curve. By contrast, at steeper uphill angles the positive external work was substantially greater as indicated by the larger fluctuations in the combined energy curve. After factoring out the inherent net decrease or increase in combined (GPE+KE) energy due to the hill angle, the transformed energy fluctuations demonstrated that mechanical energy is exchanged most effectively during moderate slope downhill walking and least effectively during uphill walking. This indicates that the work due to fluctuations in GPE+KE, excluding the overall work necessary to lower or raise the center of mass, was minimized during downhill walking at -6° and -9°. Thus, our data show that humans walking downhill are quite similar to passive dynamic walking robots (McGeer, 1990).
Over the range of slopes we studied, the center of mass GPE does not exclusively decrease or increase during downhill or uphill walking, respectively. Before this study, we could calculate the net change in center of mass height per step required to descend or ascend a hill. However, we could not predict the specific fluctuation patterns or magnitudes. During level walking, the center of mass height rises and falls with equal magnitude. In addition, the peak height occurs at midstance. Compared with level walking, during downhill walking, as the angle of the hill increases, the rise in the center of mass height is less, and the maximum occurs before midstance. By contrast, compared with level walking, during uphill walking, the fall in the center of mass height is less, and the minimum occurs after midstance. During downhill and uphill walking, the timing of the GPE fluctuations changes because of the necessity to decrease or increase the center of mass height. Based on these results, neither downhill nor uphill walking conform to the definition of walking established by McMahon and colleagues (McMahon et al., 1987). They proposed that walking be defined as a gait in which the center of mass is at the highest point during midstance. But, we still consider the gait utilized by our subjects to be a walk owing to the lack of an aerial phase and because mechanical energy patterns were more similar to an inverted pendulum than a spring-mass system.
The center of mass KE fluctuations during both downhill and uphill walking are larger in magnitude than during level walking. During level walking, the parallel braking and propulsive impulses are essentially equal but opposite and the subjects maintain a constant average velocity without large fluctuations. Because generating propulsive impulse is expensive (Gottschall and Kram, 2003), we expected that during downhill walking the braking impulse would not change and the propulsive impulse exerted by the person would decrease since a component of gravity was acting to provide propulsion. We also expected that during uphill walking the braking impulse exerted by the person would decrease since a component of gravity was acting to provide braking while the propulsive impulse would not change. In short, we presumed that propulsive impulse production and effort would be minimized. Contrary to this intuition, during downhill walking, the parallel braking impulse increases disproportionately to the downhill angle and thus the parallel propulsive impulse does not decrease as much as expected. This unnecessary increase in braking impulse caused an increase in the velocity and KE fluctuations. Similarly, during uphill walking, the braking impulse does not decrease as much as expected and so the parallel propulsive impulse increases disproportionately to the uphill angle. This seemingly needless increase in propulsive impulse caused increases in velocity fluctuations and increasedΔ KE magnitude. Presently, we do not have an explanation for why propulsive impulse production and effort was not minimized. It may be the result of aligning the ground reaction force vectors with the leg joint centers so as to minimize joint torques and hence muscle forces (Alexander, 1991; Chang et al., 2000; Full et al., 1991).
Our data illustrate that humans exchange mechanical energy most effectively during moderate downhill walking. Margaria showed that walking is least metabolically expensive at a downhill angle between -6° and -9° (Margaria, 1938; Margaria, 1976). At steeper downhill angles, metabolic cost inflects and increases. In terms of mechanical energy exchange, the alpha and the transformed external work values indicate that mechanical energy exchange is greatest at a downhill angle of -6° and -9° corresponding to the metabolic minimum. By contrast, metabolic cost is greater during uphill walking. Margaria showed that the relationship between uphill angle and metabolic cost is linear and proportional. The phase relationship, relative magnitude, and extent of symmetry values indicate that energy exchange is progressively less effective at steeper uphill angles. However, there is still some mechanical energy exchange during uphill walking even at +9°.
Future studies of hill walking should employ the individual limbs method of calculating step-to-step transition work (Donelan et al., 2002a; Donelan et al., 2002b) in addition to discerning muscular contributions. Because we only had a single belt force-treadmill we could not discern the forces exerted by the individual legs and thus could not calculate work during the double support period using the individual limbs work method. Given the insight into level walking mechanics and energetics provided by that method, the next logical study should incorporate a dual-belt force-treadmill. Finally, our study only resolved the overall motions of the center of mass and not the contributions of individual muscles. Neptune et al. completed detailed musculoskeletal simulations of human walking and indicated that even during the single support period, muscles perform substantial amounts of mechanical work (Neptune et al., 2004).
Overall, our findings demonstrate that substantial mechanical energy exchange occurs during hill walking. During the single support period, GPE and KE of the center of mass are converted between each other, resulting in energy savings. The magnitude of mechanical energy exchange probably influences the rate of metabolic energy consumption during hill walking. At moderately steeper downhill angles, mechanical energy exchange is greater, and a metabolic minimum is reached. During uphill walking, substantial positive work must be performed, mechanical energy exchange is less, and metabolic rate is correspondingly greater.
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The foe which caused the Status Condition is given the same Status they inflicted.
Special Connection – Teleport. You activate Teleporter as if your Teleporter value were three times its normal value or you may take one willing Pokémon or Trainer along with you as you teleport so long as you are touching them when you activate Transporter. You may expend two uses of Transporter at once to choose both effects.
At-Will N/A Psychic Status N/A Self, Interrupt The user Teleports up to X meters, where X is its Teleporter Capability. Teleport can be used as an Interrupt at any time. Moves that targeted Teleport's user continue through the desired target's space if the Move allows for it as if the user hadn't been there; single target moves simply miss.
Scene N/A Normal Status N/A 1 Target, Trigger Disable may be used as a Free Action that does not take up a Command whenever the user is hit by a Move. That Move becomes Disabled for the attacker.


text:
Global Launch of Hypetex Chair
The world's first-ever design product made with Hypetex coloured carbon fibre will make its global debut during London Design Festival this week.
Entitled Halo, it has been created by designer Michael Sodeau entirely from Hypetex and will be exhibited at central London's leading design show, designjunction, on 18-21 September.
The idea behind the Halo chair was to design an object that could best define and present the Hypetex material. Michael Sodeau sought to utilise the high-performance properties of Hypetex, which is lightweight, strong and visually dynamic.
The result is a highly-refined yet pared-back design. Everything that makes up the chair is required and there are no extraneous elements.
Michael Sodeau said: "The chair follows the modernist rules of form and function with the removal of all unnecessary clutter, which is juxtaposed with the decorative aesthetic given by the material.
"The contoured shape interacts perfectly with light creating vibrant refractions on the surface of the material. When the chair is viewed from behind it hides what is in front, adding a playful quality that only reveals its full shape as you walk around it".
Hypetex is a high-tech composite material that has been created by leading engineers from the world of Formula One racing, following seven years of research and development.
Marc Cohen, CEO of GPF One, manufacturer of Hypetex, said: "The technology to make Hypetex stems from the world of F1 and its potential application is huge. The aesthetic quality of Hypetex and the strength and lightness of the material makes it perfect for use in design."
The Halo chair is a limited-edition piece that will be available in six colours, with only six produced in each colour. Enquiries: www.hypetex.com/halo
Visit our stand at designjunction: F19, 1st Floor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


White Cabs and Clear Crystals on Yellow Leather Dog Collar. Add a pop of fun to your pup's neck! This premium leather dog collar features white cabachon studs and clear crystals, both imported from Europe. Made with high quality calf leather.
Note: Third and fourth images show placement of stones on collars that are 1/2 in. wide.


1. When do lockers become available? Lockers become available on the first day of class during the fall semester at the Info Hub desk on the ground floor of the Flanagan Campus Center (Beatty Hall). The Info Hub opens at 6am on weekdays.
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9. I forgot my locker combination. How may I obtain it? You may visit the Center for Student Engagement in Beatty 026 or contact Rebecca Ryan at ryanr2@wit.edu to request your locker combination, locker number, or location. We recommend keeping your locker information stored safely in your email or phone for reference.
10. My locker has been damaged or broken. Contact Public Safety at 617-989-4444 if any suspicious activity occurs including a broken lock, missing lock, or damaged locker. To ensure your locker is secure, make sure to close the lock and turn the dial a few times and check it before leaving.
11. I'm not sure how to use the combination lock. To open a combination lock you will need to turn the dial to the right 3 full turns to clear the lock. After you turn the dial 3x to the right, stop on the first number in your locker combination. Turn the dial to the left one full turn and then continue turning the dial to the left to the second number in your combination. Turn the dial directly to the third number in the combination. Check out a video.
Where are most of your classes?
What times will you need to access your locker (only weekdays, weekends, later in the evening)? Some academic buildings close when classes are not in session so access is limited in the late evening and on weekends ( Rubenstein and Watson halls). For lockers with late night and full weekend access, you should consider Annex or Beatty.
Where do you plan on spending the most time?
How are you commuting to campus (car/train/etc) and which locker location will be on your way to campus or on your way home.
Lockers are the property of Wentworth Institute of Technology.
You must use the lock issued to you by Commuter Student Programs at all times. Personal locks are not permitted.
You must contact Commuter Student Programs and vacate the locker prior to transferring, graduating, or when the locker is no longer of use to you. Occupying the locker during co-op, however, is permitted.
Please reference the Student Code of Conduct for a list of items that not permitted on campus.
You must be the sole occupant of the locker. Please do not share the locker or the combination with anyone else.
Please pay attention to posted signage on or around the lockers for any updates or issues with locker assignments.
Wentworth Institute of Technology is not responsible for any lost, damaged, or stolen items from your locker. If something is taken from your locker, contact Public Safety. Please use at your own risk.
Failure to comply with the above mentioned policies may result in disciplinary action. Lockers are available in Rubenstein, Annex, Flanagan Campus Center (Beatty), and Watson. Gymnasium lockers are not available through the Office of Commuter Student Programs.
Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact commuter@wit.edu or by phone at (617)989-4890.


text:
Police reviewing gun store video in mall…
Police reviewing gun store video in mall shooting case
By The Associated Press and Lisa Baumann |
PUBLISHED: September 29, 2016 at 7:30 p.m. | UPDATED: May 17, 2018 at 11:20 a.m.
SEATTLE (AP) — Detectives are investigating a tip that the suspect in a deadly mall shooting north of Seattle may have tried unsuccessfully to purchase a handgun just hours before the slayings occurred.
Authorities say Arcan Cetin used a .22-caliber Ruger rifle when he opened fire Friday at the Cascade Mall in Burlington, Washington, killing five. Cetin's stepfather told detectives after the shootings that his Ruger rifle and .22-caliber ammunition were missing.
Skagit Multi-Agency Response Team spokesman Sgt. Mark Francis said Thursday that authorities are investigating whether the 20-year-old tried to buy a weapon from a gun store and are reviewing store video.
Cetin, who has a criminal record dating back at least two years and was charged last year with assaulting his stepfather, was under a court order not to possess firearms.
Lisa Baumann


Hi, Robert--this is an interesting question. We're not medical professionals, so we can't answer definitively as to whether the instrumentation was implanted properly. However, your neurosurgeon may have discovered something about your surgery that you should pursue further.
Do you have any idea where the surgeon who performed the fusion is located so you can get his perspective on why he implanted the instrumentation the way he did? If not, can the other surgeons you've seen provide some information related to why only one side was stabilized with instrumentation?
We hope these questions help prompt some information and answers for you! We wish you the very best.


text:
The Dead Daisies "She Always Gets Her Way (All The Same)"
Spitfire Music
"She Always Gets Her Way (All The Same)"
Josh Goodswen
Add Date:
After wrapping up over a year of touring in support of the acclaimed Make Some Noise and the brilliant live album Live & Louder, it seemed like The Dead Daisies were ready to finally rest up and begin to work on their follow up effort. They treated fans to a steady stream of excellent recap videos and even posted updates on social media of them in the studio beginning work on their next album. So imagine fans' surprise when the band unexpectedly dropped the brand new animated video for the live favorite "She Always Gets Her Way (All The Same)" via Billboard.com!
Between performance videos like "Join Together" and "We're An American Band" to bigger production clips like "Song And A Prayer" and "Make Some Noise (Live And Louder)," the Daisies seemingly pulled out every stop in the music video arsenal over the past 18 months. Viewers were treated to almost every kind of presentation possible. Almost.
For a band that always delivers top notch graphics and artwork, creating an animated video is the next logical step. The video is the work of director Josh Goodswen and animators Monkeyshine Studios, who bring the Daisies to life with a cheeky tale of a little bit of love, a whole lot of lust, and of course a healthy dose of rock and roll. Harkening back to the vibe of the popular Rock 'N' Roll Comics series from the early 90s, each band member is brought to life with just the right amount of character and signature look. David's Flying V, Brian's double kick drum, Doug's Les Paul slung low, and Marco's four string axe all come to life with a minimalist perfection.
Frontman John Corabi is given the most in depth treatment as the unwilling pawn to the wildly sexy vixen who lays eyes on him and digs her claws deep. From the moment he lays eyes on her in the front row of the show, he's hooked. Along the way she makes his life nothing short of insufferable. Smashing furniture, running up debt, verbally berating him, and even tossing a priceless Hendrix-autographed SG into the pool are par for the course. There's just one problem…. he's addicted and secretly loves all of it! Circle back to the lusty interaction between the two and their undeniable chemistry and it's pretty clear that everyone wins in this relationship.
There is no other rock band quite like The Dead Daisies, and we know that this is a video that will get a ton of excellent traction with programmers and viewers alike, so please let us know what we can do to help get it into your programming! These tenacious rockers are impossible not to root for and rest assured we'll have plenty of outstanding Dead Daisies merch to set up online/on-air contests and giveaways throughout the campaign. Get in touch with Andy Gesner and the HIP Video Promo team at (732)-613-1779 or email us at info@HIPVideoPromo.com for more info on The Dead Daisies.
Visit The Dead Daisies
For info about other The Dead Daisies music videos, click HERE
Andy Gesner - Founder
Promoting your Music Video today!
Link To Your Video:
Broncho "Big City Boys"


As minimal house and techno continues to evolve, there are key artists pushing the scene forward. From intense research into older club tracks to presenting the most innovative upfront productions, certain leaders of the scene have helped broaden the hypnotic pulse of stripped-back dance music to encompass all kinds of tempos, rhythms and sonic palettes.
Nicolas Lutz is unquestionably one of these pioneers, widely revered for his rare and deep selections and his ability to weave richly varied styles into his narratives as a DJ. Sleek electro, mind-bending techno and body-shaking house rollers are just a few of the cornerstones in his repertoire, but everything feels cohesive when it coalesces in one of Lutz's vibrant sets.
Binh is another vital force in the ever-evolving scene – he's built up a stunning back catalogue that focuses on ear-snagging sounds and unconventional arrangements. He brings this wayward spirit to his DJing as well – the perfect wild card complement to Lutz's own spellbinding approach when they take over the Studio X Floor for their special B2B set.
Cut from the same cloth of reduced beats but with his own distinct twist, dj masda is the co-founder of the consistently excellent Cabaret Recordings. A close contemporary of Lutz and Binh, his cool-headed approach is the perfect choice to soundtrack the Contact floor with his acclaimed long set.


text:
Digital Dominates Emmys: Netflix 27 wins, Amazon 15, Creative Arts winners
Digital streaming services dominated the Emmys 2019, with Netflix 27 wins, and Amazon Prime Video 15 wins. HBO took home the most wins overall with 34 wins.
Netflix took home 15 wins, including top prizes for Russian Doll and Ozark.
Russian Doll won three including Costume Design.
Ozark won two: Drama Directing – Jason Bateman, and Julia Garner, Supporting Actress Drama
Amazon Prime Video won Emmys for breakout hit Fleabag and Marvelous Mrs. Maisel
Marvelous Mrs. Maisel won eight Emmys including Supporting Actor – Tony Shalhoub, and Supporting Actress – Alex Borstein.
Phoebe Waller-Bridge's Fleabag won six Emmys including Comedy, Lead Actress – Comedy, Writing Comedy, and Director Comedy.
At the Creative Arts Emmys held a few weeks before, digital winners included:
HBO's Games of Thrones won 12 Emmys including the big prize Drama, which seemed to be more of a Thank You recognition award for its entire show run, rather than the controversial hastily-concluded final season 8. The entire Game of Thrones cast came out on stage to announce an award, with a standing ovation.
Peter Dinklage also won Supporting Actor Drama. He thanked the industry for recognizing diversity. "I count myself so fortunate to be a member of a community that is nothing but all about tolerance and diversity," he said in his acceptance speech. "Because no other place would I be standing on stage like this."
Billy Porter won Lead Actor Drama for his role in Pose on FX. He is the first openly gay black man to win an Acting Emmy. In his speech, he started saying "The Category is Love, y'all Love!"
The Emmys used large digital screens instead sets and props, except for a large Emmy in the center of the stage, which was revealed during awards presentations. The digital screens displayed nominees, backdrops, visual effects (and even faux-host Homer Simpson) which totally immersed the on stage presenters and winners at a Game of Thrones white-walker ice wall, to the VEEP White House, and other locations.
At the Creative Arts Emmys held Sept 13-14, digital winners included:
NASA and SpaceX: The Interactive Demo-1 Launch • YouTube • NASA and SpaceX
Original Interactive Program
NASA's InSight Mars Landing • NASA TV • NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Innovation: Interactive Media
Artificial, Twitch
Artificial, an hourlong live streamed show via Twitch. Artificial is one of the few interactive shows that lets the audience interact with the show's character by voting in real-time polls to actually affect and impact the story's entire direction.
Artificial was created by Bernie Su, and is his third Emmy win. He has won previous Emmys for The Lizzie Bennett Diaries and Emma Approved.
Creative Achievement in Interactive Media Within a Scripted Program
Bandersnatch (Black Mirror) • Netflix • House of Tomorrow
Creative Achievement in Interactive Media Within an Unscripted Program
Free Solo • 360 • National Geographic • National Geographic Documentary Films
Game of Thrones • HBO • HBO Entertainment in association with Bighead, Littlehead; 360 Television/Startling Television
Game of Thrones • "The Bells" • HBO • HBO Entertainment
Chernobyl • "1:23:45" • HBO • HBO Miniseries
See the complete list of winners on the Television Academy website.


text:
Narconon Centers
Locate a Center
About Narconon Why Narconon Works Testimonials Narconon Centers Drug Abuse Info News Blog L. Ron Hubbard
⨯ English Français All Regions/Languages
AVAILABLE 24 HOURS A DAY, 7 DAYS A WEEK
Judy: My daughter called me and told me that my granddaughter had a problem. Alyssa had gotten to the point where she knew it was out of control.
Cedric: After she graduated from high school, we'd see less and less of Alyssa. She was working and going to school, this little junior college trade school, more or less, in Lafayette, and she was doing that and working part-time at a restaurant.
Judy: But not making enough money to survive, so she had come and asked me to borrow money. And, of course I told her, "Yes." She said, "Well, I need money for this or that," and I said, "Well, okay."
Cedric: But, every time I would see her, something in the back of my mind—things are not right.
Judy: Never had a drug problem in our family before.
Cedric: You know, a lot of times family tends to put blinders on. And I think a lot of that is what happened with Alyssa.
Judy: She definitely was going on the street to find drugs. So it was pretty dramatic for everyone.
Cedric: It just wasn't the same old girl, that's all—not the same person at all. She was skin and bones.
Judy: When you love someone, you don't think the worst of them, you always think the best of them. And, I guess that was my problem. I just never—you know, denial. Denial.
Cedric: Losing her car, wrecking a car, paying speeding tickets, borrowing money from the loan outfits and, you know, it just kept snowballing.
Judy: She has this child that she was not willing to take on the responsibility of anymore. She always did, but at that point she wasn't able to.
Cedric: And I think she finally realized physically and psychologically that she was going fast.
Judy: She was asking for help. Her brother had found her and wasn't—well, he had gone over to visit.
Cedric: And when he went there and he found her and she was in bad shape at that time.
Judy: And she wouldn't answer the door. And he knew then something was going on that shouldn't be going on. And so, they were able to get her into Narconon.
The area just was so calming, the cleanliness of the property and just the relaxed attitude of the people there. Once she did the New Life Detox and went through all of that, things were getting better.
And she would call me occasionally and she sounded like my granddaughter.
Cedric: She's gained weight, she's healthy looking. She's got a smile on her face. The old Alyssa.
Judy: She's doing so much better that now she'll call in and visit with us on the phone and, and she wants to talk to her grandfather.
Cedric: And it makes me feel good to see her doing that good. Just the smile on her face.
Judy: And she was always an independent little girl but she seems to be more grown up than she was.
Cedric: Now when she's with her daughter she's a good mom.
Judy: A young mom, but a good mom.
Cedric: It's a difference like night and day.
® Narconon International
7065 Hollywood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90028, United States
About Narconon Global Mission 50 Years: Saving Lives World-Class Facilities Narconon International Science Advisory Board Recognition & Appreciation Studies & Reports Narconon Editorial Team L. Ron Hubbard
More Information Program Information Portfolio Request More Info Contact Narconon Drug Education News Public Service Messages
NARCONON AROUND THE WORLD
Narconon is a global success story
Narconon.org United States Europe United Kingdom Latin America Nepal
Language: English (Canada)
English Français All Regions/Languages
© 2021 Narconon International. All Rights Reserved. • Online Privacy Notice • Terms of Use • Notice of Privacy Practices • Disclaimer: Individual results are not guaranteed and may vary.


There are better, more simple solutions that can alleviate most training-related soft tissue restrictions.
This foam roller is affordable and portable with a unique honeycomb pattern.
In my last article I revealed that hip instability is the common source of many problems and sub-par performances. Now, I'm going to share the five steps to fix your hips.
Whether you're a powerlifter, martial artist, or CrossFit athlete, you can probably use a little help with mobility. These articles cover everything from screening, to squats, to foam rollers.
The original RumbleRoller is one of my favorite torture, I mean, self-myofascial release devices, so I was "delighted" to learn the line now includes massage balls and hand tools.


text:
Q: How to compare two files containing numbers in UNIX? I have two files. First file contains 500000 records (numbers) and second file contains 4000000 records(numbers).
Numbers are not in a single line.They are one by one like in a column of Excel sheet.
File 1 contains below numbers:
1483
2111
2973
3214
3503
3639
3747
4042
4351
4766
4809
5950
6616
6899
7559
7940
8205
8262
8291

File 2 contains below numbers:
1483
2111
2973
3214
3503
3639
3747
4042
4351
4766
4809
5950
6616
6899
7559
7940
8205
8262
8291
9000
9163
9229
9497
9719
0409
0421
0698
0924
1059

I want to find how many records from first file are not present in the records containing second file. I tried to compare using Excel but my laptop was going into hung state many a times. Also, I tried with diff command in UNIX but did not reach to expected output.
Please someone help me to figure this out in UNIX as it will take less time than other methods.

A: The data in file 2 is not fully sorted; there are some numbers starting with 0 and 1 at the end.  Consequently, you really need to sort the numbers, and then you can use comm with Bash (Korn shell, Z Shell) and process substitution:
comm <(sort file.1) <(sort file.2)

This will print numbers that appear in file.1 only in column 1, numbers that appear in file.2 only in column 2 (indented by a tab), and number appearing in both in column 3 (indented by two tabs).
You can suppress a columns 2 and 3 with the -23 option, leaving you with the numbers in file.1 only:
comm -23 <(sort file.1) <(sort file.2)

And if you want to count how many such numbers there are, then:
comm -23 <(sort file.1) <(sort file.2) | wc -l

If you don't have process substitution, then you need to sort the two files separately.  If you don't need the original files in the original order again, then you can use:
sort -o file.1 file.1
sort -o file.2 file.2
comm -23 file.1 file.2 | wc -l

The alternatives are legion.

A: Awk might provide some options for solving this one as well.  Here's one.
This solution doesn't have the overhead of running a couple of massive sort functions as required by the comm solution with bash process substitution...  Though it does require that your system be beefy enough to load all of your larger file into memory for processing.
$ awk -f '

  # populate an array with the contents of the first file only...
  NR==FNR { a[$1]; next; }

  # then delete any array elements that are in the second file...
  { delete a[$1]; }

  # finally, display our results.
  END {
    for (i in a) count++;
    printf("Count: %d entries\n", count);
    for (i in a) printf("%s\n", a[i]);
  }

  ' file2 file1

The idea here is that we'll step through file2 (the longer file) and slurp it into an array, then we remove everything from that array that appears in file (the shorter file), and then count and print what remains.
Proviso #1: As stated above, this requires that you have available memory to store all of file2 in an array in memory.  You'll have to determine whether that's possible on your own.  (Perhaps by trying it!)
Proviso #2: I haven't tested this, even for syntax errors.  YMMV.  :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
BJP, Congress spar over quota deal; experts question its implementation
AHMEDABAD/NEW DELHI: Legal experts on Wednesday said the quota promised by the Congress to Hardik Patel for his Patidar community in poll-bound Gujarat may not pass judicial muster due to the 50 per cent cap. This even as the BJP and the Congress engaged in a war of words over the reservation deal. While the BJP dubbed the deal as a "big joke" and "mutual deception", the Congress accused the ruling party of fooling people everyday.
As quota politics came to the fore ahead of next month's assembly polls, the legal experts also said the promised reservation by the Congress if it comes to power can survive if the Supreme Court was to reconsider its 1992 landmark judgment fixing the ceiling. The Supreme Court in its verdict in the Mandal Commission case had ruled that the total reservation for SC/ST and other backward classes or special categories should not exceed 50 per cent.
Congress spokesperson Abhishek Manu Singhvi said the party will take steps on the promised quota within the "Constitutional daayra (framework)." Hardik Patel, who is the leader of the Patidar Anamat Andolan Samiti (PAAS), on his part said the 50 per cent reservation cap set by the apex court, was just a "suggestion". He claimed the reservation formula given by the Congress for his community will be over and above the 50 per cent quota for the SC, ST and OBCs. Hardik said if the Congress comes to power, it will conduct a proper survey for providing reservation. The party will bring a Bill in the state assembly and give reservation, he said.
"That 1992 judgment was not just a suggestion, it was a law laid down by the SC. We cannot cross that limit. Even if the survey about the backwardness of any community is conducted, the eligible community has to be included in the existing 50 per cent quota. There is no scope of additional quota," said senior Gujarat High Court lawyer Girish Patel.
In the opinion of another advocate Krishnakant Vakharia, reservation can go beyond 50 per cent only if Parliament amends the Constitution, or someone files an appeal in the Supreme Court against the 1992 judgment. "We all abide by the interpretation of the Constitution done by the SC. In the the historical 1992 judgment, the SC interpreted the Constitution and said that 50 per cent cap is necessary to protect the principle of Right to Equality," Vakharia said, adding, "If that limit is not there, that principle becomes meaningless."
Vakharia said there are two possible ways to increase the cap. "Either the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha amends the Constitution with two-third majority under Article 368, or someone files a petition urging the SC to reverse the 1992 judgment by claiming that social fabric has changed a lot since the judgment was delivered 25 years ago," he added. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said the "Congress-Hardik club" is one of mutual deception. "The law of the land is very clear and that is laid down by the Supreme Court and only last week in the Rajasthan case it has been re-affirmed that the 50 per cent cap cannot be increased."
"So let them contnue to deceive each other and deceive the public by saying that they will devise a methodology to breach the gap," he told reporters in Delhi. "Legally and constitutionally that is not possible as the law stands today." Hitting out at Hardik Patel for declaring support to Congress, Gujarat deputy chief minister Nitin Patel said the formula of reservation above the cap set by Supreme Court was something "offered by fools and also accepted by fools." "Though it is very much clear that reservation quota cannot go beyond 50 per cent in any situation, Hardik is trying to misguide the Patidar community with the formula offered by the Congress. In my opinion, this formula of reservation is a big joke," Patel told reporters in Ahmedabad. Nitin Patel claimed that Congress leaders like Kapil Sibal have made a fool out of Hardik by offering such formula.
Reacting to Jaitley's "mutual deception" charge, Singhvi accused the BJP of fooling people everyday.
"If you want to see who has fooled whom, you go and see it in Rajasthan. The BJP is a ruling party there. It fools people everyday. Sometimes they talk about Jat reservation, sometimes Gujjar reservation. They are in power, they can fulfil the promise, yet they don't," he told reporters in Delhi. "We are not in power, when we will come in power there, we will implement it staying completely within Constitutional framework. We have that capabilities to do that." Senior advocate Aman Lekhi said the quota promise was "pure power politics" where the primary aim is to grab power and the social welfare purpose behind reservation gets lost.
India team selection for West Indies tour postponed
Dhoni needs to take practical decisions and not be emotional, says Gautam Gambhir
Kiwi heart-breaker Ben Stokes nominated for New Zealander of the Year
West Indies tour perfect chance to look at future beyond Dhoni


There are many ways you can achieve unified messaging functionality in Exchange 2013. It all depends on your Exchange, Lync and telephony infrastructure.
Before you begin, you have to install Exchange language pack for non-English Exchange deployment. For English deployment you don't need to install language pack.
Depending on your Exchange 2013 version, Download Exchange Language Pack from the following web sites.
Right click the UMLanguagePack.Country-Code.exe file, Click Run As Administrator.
In the Exchange 2013 Setup wizard, on the License Agreement page, select I accept the terms in the license agreement, and then click Next then click Install.
Click Finish to complete the installation of the UM language pack.
If you have a Cisco Call Manager for IP telephony then you just need to perform few tasks in Exchange 2013 to integrate Exchange and Cisco Call Manager. Here are the steps to accomplish unified messaging in Exchange 2013 with Cisco Call Manager.
Step1: Create a Service Account named domainnamesa-ExchangeUC and set password and account to be never expired. Set user cannot change password.
Step2: Open Exchange 2013 Management Shell as an administrator (Account must be a member of Exchange organisation management role). issue the following command.
Step3: Create an anonymous relay in Exchange 2013. Here is a guideline.
Now add Cisco Call Manager IP address into remote network settings properties of anonymous relay.
Step5: Configure Cisco Unity for Unified Messaging. Follow this link to configure Cisco Call Manager. Detailed guide is available in Cisco Unity and Microsoft Exchange configuration guide.
There are other ways to achieve same result if you decide Exchange 2013 to manage dial plan, auto attendant, hunt group and voice delivery etc. In this scenario, you have configure lot more then previous steps. There is no concrete steps for your scenario or your IP telephony systems. But here is what you have to do to accomplish unified messaging between IP-PBX and Exchange 2013. I assume your Exchange 2013 and IP-PBX are working per normal.
Step1: Create a Service Account named domainnamesa-ExchangeUC and set password and account to be never expired. Set user cannot change password in the properties of sa-ExchangeUC account.
Step2: Export Exchange Client Access Certificate from Exchange 2013 as .pfx format (public key included) and import into computer account of a windows machine then export as .cer format certificate into IP-PBX.
Step3: Configure IP-PBX to connect to Exchange 2013 using service account you have created in previous step.
Step4: Create a virtual extension number. This extension number will be used in a Exchange 2013 only.
In the Exchange admin center (EAC), navigate to Unified Messaging > UM dial plans, and then click Add .
In the EAC, navigate to Unified Messaging > UM dial plans. In the list view, click the ExchangeUC Dial Plan you have created in previous step and then click Edit .
On the UM Dial Plan page, under UM Mailbox Policies, select the UM mailbox policy you want to edit, and then click Edit .
Click Properties. On the UM mailbox policy page, click PIN policies.
In the EAC, navigate to Unified Messaging > UM IP Gateways, and then click Add .
In the EAC, navigate to Unified Messaging > UM dial plans, select the ExchangeUC Dial Plan for which you want to add an auto attendant, and then click Edit .
On the UM Dial Plan page, under UM Auto Attendants, click Add .
Access Number: click Add and add virtual extension number you have created in step 4.
In the EAC, navigate to Unified Messaging > UM dial plans. In the list view, select the ExchangeUC Dial Plan and then click Edit .
On the UM Dial Plan page, under UM Hunt Groups, click Add .
Pilot identifier: a string that uniquely identifies the pilot identifier obtained from IP-PBX.
On the UM Dial Plan page, under UM Mailbox Policies, click New .
On the New UM mailbox policy page, in the Name box, enter the name of ExchangeUC mailbox policy.
In the EAC, click Recipients. In the List view, select the user whose mailbox you want to enable for Unified Messaging.
In the Details pane, under Phone and Voice Features, click Enable.
On the Enable UM mailbox page, click the Browse and select ExchangeUC mailbox policy, and then click OK.
Now you have successfully configured Unified Messaging in Exchange 2013. However if you have Lync 2013 in your organisation. you will have to perform the following steps in Exchange 2013 to integrate Lync and Exchange.
I assume that you already assigned this certificate to IIS, SMTP services. Restart the MsExchangeUM service on the Exchange server.
Restart the MsExchangeUM service on the Exchange server.


text:
Discovering… Simone Micheli, after 5 years of Lounge
Between interior design, graphic design and communication, Simone Micheli materialises in all his works, his concern over the environment with eco-friendly designs that tend to the natural look, that way achieving singular creations with their own identities, as he demonstrates in the designs of the Lounge bathroom equipment for Noken. In 1990, Simone Micheli founded his own study and in 2003, he created the company Simone Micheli Architectural Hero, with branches in Florence, Milan, and Dubai. This Italian architect combines his work as university professor and designer, with curating theme exhibitions for some of the most relevant international trade fairs and his work can be seen in exhibition halls around the world. Among the long list of prizes and awards, Simone Micheli has been distinguished with the Best of the Year honoree 2012 –Hospitality category- by the New York interior Design magazine and obtained the Iconic Award 2014 in the category of Interior Winner, from the German Design Council. Five years after creating Lounge, Simone Micheli reviews the keys to the success of the Noken collection and reflects on the future of bathroom design. What was the idea behind the design that led to the creation of the Lounge collection? From the start, the idea was that of forming not only a collection related to the world of water, but also a true and adequate icon capable of becoming a reference regarding content and shape inside our temporary bubble. What differentiates the Lounge design from others? The singularity of its shape, its geometrical perfection and its equipment, the magic flow penetrating in its meaning; these are the main aspects differentiating Lounge from other designs. How does water interact in the design of the bathroom? The design of the bathroom plays with water, combining shapes and technology. What are the differences in designs of bathrooms now and those of 20 years ago? Now everything is more essential, naked. We are metropolitan human beings that prefer transforming the growing complexity surrounding us into simplicity; the Lounge collection is all about that. How do you see future bathrooms? They will be like an empty space where humankind with its changing needs will be like the centre of a pseudo-virtual dimension. Which should be the role of a designer in our society? Designers have to think about growth and development of life, improving their ethically correct ways of working, basing their processes on the construction of sustainable ideas respecting the environment, without destroying the world.


text:
Q: How to transform a result set so column values become aggregated headers? If I have a table:

Id
Collection
Site

1
Example Collection
stackoverflow.com

2
Example Collection
news.ycombinator.com

1
Example Collection
stackoverflow.com

3
Example Collection
reddit.com

4
Programming Sites
stackoverflow.com

5
Discussion Sites
reddit.com

How can I transform it to...

Collection
stackoverflow.com
news.ycombinator.com
reddit.com

Example Collection
2
1
1

Programming Sites
1
0
0

Discussion Sites
0
0
1

In the real system which works similarly, there'll be 100k+ rows in the original table, and thousands of distinct "sites." It's desirable for the transformation to stay in SQL.

A: Assuming you have only those three sites, you can use conditional aggregation:
select collection,
       sum(case when site = 'stackoverflow.com' then 1 else 0 end) as stackoverflow_com,
       sum(case when site = 'news.ycombinator.com' then 1 else 0 end) as news_ycombinator_com,
       sum(case when site = 'reddit.com' then 1 else 0 end) as reddit_com
from t
group by collection;


The water parks in Northern California are not as numerous as those along the central and southern regions of the state. It's possible that because the weather is not as temperate, many decide to head a little further south to enjoy water activities.
The water parks in Northern California are not open all year, like those in the south. So, you will need to make sure you schedule your trip around their calendar. Most begin their season between March and May. They close after Halloween.
However, there are still some water parks in Northern California that rival their southern counterparts, both in size and excitement. To find them, you just need to start looking.
1.	Raging Waters – San Jose – Of all of the water parks in Northern California, this is the largest. It is 23 acres in size and holds gallons of water in the millions. The most explosive ride lately is called Bombs Away. This 200 foot body slide plummets you five stories from top to bottom. They also have a wave pool with 350,000 gallons of water and feels just like you are in the ocean. Pirates Cove and the Endless River will fill you with thrills and excitement for hours. The Activity Pool has slides and waterfalls.
2.	Raging Waters – Sacramento – This is always one of the top California tourist attractions if you plan to visit the city's capital of Sacramento. It has over 25 rides including thrill slides like Cliffhanger, a body slide. Hammerhead, Great White and Dragons Den, all tube slides. There are also pools, waves and rivers including Breaker Beach which is the first wave pool in Northern California.
3.	Waterworld – California – Another fun park is located in Concord. Spend your day zipping down Tornado, a 75 foot water slide. Or, try Diablo Falls where you free fall into either open air or through a dark, wet tunnel. The 10-foot pool will surely break your fall. The kids will love Treasure Island and the Lil' Kahuna Waterworks. Both are interactive and filled with waterfalls, geysers, fountains and swings.
4.	Boomerang Bay at Great America – This water park is one of the more fun San Francisco tourist attractions because it is located on the same grounds as Great America, the theme park. It offers a multitude of rides, like Didgeridoo Falls. This is a waterslide for the entire family, which sits on a platform 54 feet in the air and glides along the water on a raft that seats 4. There's also Jackaroo Landing, with different levels. It's more like a fortress made of water, connected by passageways, bridges and ladders.
5.	Roseville Golfland – Sunsplash – Other places to visit in Northern California, Roseville, to be exact is this combination water park, arcade, miniature golf course and race track. The waterpark, Sunsplash, features something called The Vortex, which drops the rider 4 stories down, directly into a massive bowl of water. There's also The Stealth, a major thrill ride that resembles a half-pipe, ending with you spilling into a pool of water.


And just to make sure that this law is taken seriously, a fine of $110 and two demerit points are slapped on drivers who do not take this important step. This law applies to anyone who carries children in their car, whether they are parents or just the babysitter.
One of the reasons why this law came into being was the growing number of injuries attributed to seat belt syndrome. While seat belts certainly proved to be helpful for adults, a number of youngsters were sustaining serious internal and abdominal injuries due to lap seat belts. This is mainly due to two factors. One is that seatbelts are mainly designed with adults in mind, not children. Secondly, in a number of cases seat belts themselves have been found to be defective.
Many parents think that just because a child is physically big, they are ready to use ordinary seat belts. But the truth is that a child's body is very different from an adult's body. The stress and strain that an adult's body can take could have serious repercussions for a child. For example, during impact, an adult might sustain whiplash but a child's body could actually jackknife. When this happens, the seat belt can actually cause extensive internal injuries.
Ontario's recent booster seat legislation seems to be working, with studies showing that they actually increase child protection by nearly 60%. Now a number of other Canadian provinces are looking to follow Ontario's example.
Children might not like booster seats initially, especially if they think it is just a 'baby seat'. But it is important to make it clear that the booster seat is there for their safety. Furthermore, tell the child that they can only ride in the car if they sit in the booster seat. If the child has older siblings, encourage them to be supportive about using the booster seat. That booster seat could mean the difference between slight scratches and massive internal injuries if an accident occurs.
If your child is injured in an accident and was not properly restrained in the appropriately-sized safety seat, your child will have a claim against the driver of the car—even if the driver is a family member. A consultation with a personal injury lawyer will assist you to determine your child's rights.
To speak with an Ottawa personal injury lawyer at Auger Hollingsworth call us at 613-233-4529, email us at [email protected] or use our contact form.


text:
Diplomat Turns Flat Into Belarussian Art Exhibit
By	Alex Labrom
The exhibit features a mix of conceptual art, photography and multimedia.
Behind the door of apartment number 33 in the House on the Embankment, you can catch a glimpse of contemporary Belarussian art in an exhibit of often challenging, provocative, dark and light works that are housed for the rest of the week in the home of an Austrian diplomat.
The exhibit "The Belarus – Young Contemporary Art" has temporarily taken over the apartment of Simon Mraz, the cultural attaché of the Austrian Embassy in Moscow and director of the Austrian Cultural Forum.
As part of his job, Mraz is responsible for both Russia and Belarus, and after a number of trips to the latter he became intrigued by the "highly dynamic and diverse art scene" that had evolved despite being "mostly shut off from the international art world."
This exhibition is part of the VI Festival of Contemporary Art Collections being organized by the National Center for Contemporary Art, which is celebrating its 20th anniversary. When approached, Mraz suggested bringing works from Belarus, much of which comes from a Minsk partner, Y-Galery.
The exhibit packs in a mix of conceptual art, photography, multimedia and paintings, giving a taste of what Mraz says is a "young, independent, nonconformist generation of artists."
Sergei Shabohin's installation is part of his project called "Terror Ready-Made Collection," which looks at the aesthetics of dictatorship and features images from the recent controversial trial of the men accused of bombing the Minsk metro, pictures taken by Belarussian secret services and a patriotic body-building contest. A fragment of another installation recreates a 1970s Soviet resort.
One of the most striking and disturbing artists on show is A.R.Ch, the acronym that comes from the initials of Andrei Chikatilo, the infamous Soviet serial killer. His paintings are dark and light at the same time: a man punches a woman in the face, an old man hangs from a noose.
"It is stunning what this artist is doing living quite isolated in a little village in the countryside," said Mraz. "He shows us a nightmare … the opposite of the officially approved happy, nice, classic family. It is about violence, lack of perspective, darkness — all that in the light color of the greatest Belarussian artist, Marc Chagall."
Many of the artists reflect the political situation in Belarus, where President Alexander Lukashenko has remained firmly in charge for nigh on twenty years, but Mraz says he looks at the art first.
"I do not ask about political views, I must believe in an artist and I do so when he gives us a strong artistic impression," Mraz wrote in an e-mail interview. "Artists show us in their artistic language how they see the reality around … [They] make us see their fantasies, their fears. … This can be politically hot, but the action of the artist is an artistic reaction."
Some parts of the flat are just that though, part of his flat. Mraz says he found people looking for artwork in the toilet. Onlookers also once took him making lunch as a piece of art.
"The Belarus – Young Contemporary Art" runs till Aug. 19. 2 Serafimovicha Ulitsa, entrance 2, apt. 33, 6th floor. www.ncca.ru
Russians Have Little Say in Their Future
Fantasy land
Immersive Pushkin-Themed Park to Open in St. Petersburg in 2023
The iconic Russian writer's fairy-tale universe will be brought to life in a sprawling new park.
Belarussian Writer Alexievich Starts All-Women Publishing House
"Men, they are everywhere, and women's works are rarely published," the writer said.
Soviet Film Director Konstantin Bromberg Dies at 80
He is most famous for his legendary films "The Adventures of the Robot Electronic" and "Wizards."
Best of the Arts 2019
The Best Art Innovation: Mobile Theater
Theater through your cell: follow the walking route and listen to the story.


Romania could export more electricity to Bulgaria, according to Adrian Baiscusi, general manager of Romanian power grid operator Transelectrica (TEL).
Baicusi has stated, as cited by Act Media, that as a result of Turkey joining the European electricity network (UCTE) in September, Romania should have opportunities to export energy to the south.
"For the period to come, the exchange with the neighbors will be intensified, as Turkey got into the syncronisation with UCTE and will import more energy from Bulgaria. We will export more to Bulgaria" Baicusi said at a seminar on energy issues.
Bulgaria is traditionally an exporter of electricity to countries in the entire Balkan region, even after the first four reactors of the Kozloduy NPP were shut down in 2002 and 2006, and it is unclear what Baicusi as no further details on his statement have been provided.
"We have pressure from the East, where there is cheap energy and the companies put pressure to get in the European zone. There is pressure for the Romanian producers, " Baicusi said.


2. TCollection_AsciiString to use std::string vs current OCC implementations of 1990-es. That could make sense, indeed. The only thing to keep in mind is that it must rather be basic_string that would accept allocator object. That allocator object shall implement C++ allocator using Standard::Allocate(), Standard::Free(). This is important to preserve flexibility of using arbitrary memory allocator.
Performance testing must be applied to confirm this new implementation will be any more efficient.
a. With MMGT_OPT=0 (i.e. system allocator) the test behaves 100-1000x faster than with MMGT_OPT=1 (OCC allocator).
I used Intel Parallel Amplifier to understand the root-cause of this huge slow-down. The root-cause is that as of i=3333 (i.e. ~ 97% of time!) special branch in OCC allocator is used, which is use of mmap() on Linux and CreateFileMapping() on Windows (see Standard_MMgrOpt::AllocMemory()). This imposes huge overhead being called for each call of operator+=().
This could be hint to the OCC team to revisit the work with large blocks.
b. With MMGT_OPT=2 (i.e. TBB allocator) the code behaves ~2x faster than with MMGT_OPT=0. It makes sense to increase n to 1000000 to have meaningful times (mine were ~13sec vs ~25sec). Thus, TBB is a winner in this case ;-).
AFAICT, the reason is efficient work of TBB with large-blocks and their caching, taking benefits of hoarding large blocks and reusing them for numerous iterations before a next larger block is allocated.
4. Custom allocators vs existing system allocators.
I perfectly agree with Denis' vision here in long-term. At some point there must be system allocators that would make attempts to have custom allocators worthless. The only exception would likely be memory regions (allocation of a large block and then deallocation at once). Windows 2008 vs 2003 prove the trend (I intentionally left both charts in the quoted blog post to show the difference). The problem however is that we are far from there yet. OS vendors still do not offer optimal allocators, especially for *threaded* scenarios. Therefore TBB allocator, for instance, is often a winner here. In recent experiments with Salome, TBB gave extra 3x speed-up vs system allocator, especially on large blocks. So there is a lot of demand for that.
This issue does not look relevant anymore.
Point 2 has been addressed by fix on #11758 -- we are now using plain C functions to do string operations in TCollection_AsciiString, instead of custom tricky code.
Point 4 is realized: now system allocators behave better than OCCT custom allocator (MMGT_OPT=1) and we are using system one by default (MMGT_OPT=0).
However, point 3 is still relevant: if MMGT_OPT is set to 1 (OCCT "optimized" allocator), test case becomes very slow. Setting MMGT_MMAP to 0 makes it a bit worse yet. Thus the problem is still there.
Branch CR22719 has been created by abv.


Pakistan confronting serious economic emergency, Asad Umar, PTI's leader said, evaluating the indicators economy may require more than $12 billion to overcome it and where to procure the funds, the decision will be made in next six weeks.
Asad Umer is likely to be sworn in as minister for finance in the newly elected government ahead.
In an interview with Bloomberg, an international news service, Umar said that Pakistan's financing gap is somewhere between $10 billion to $12 billion, though the new government would need a bit extra so it does not live on the edge.
Asad Umar said the decision needs to be taken in the next six weeks, the further you go forward the more difficult, the more expensive the options become.
PTI leader went on to say Pakistan could turn to the International Monetary Fund, friendly countries and issue diaspora bonds to bolster the country's depleting reserves.
Pakistan's deteriorating finances is a key challenge for new leader Imran Khan, who is working to form a coalition government after winning the most seats in last week's election.
Many investors and analysts see a bailout from China or the IMF as inevitable, Bloomberg said.
Umar said his party has not yet spoken to any potential lenders. "No formal work can be started until the government is formed," he said.


Here is everything you need to submit a case to Authentic Dental Laboratory. If you have any questions or would like to see if local pick up and delivery is available for your practice, call us at (800) 683-1025 .
1. Carefully package your case with bubble wrap. Please separate each case in plastic bags when shipping multiple cases together.
2. Include your prescription with each case.
3. Include all parts with case: bite registrations, models, all implant parts(analog, impression post), photos of patient/shade photos.
4. Tape box securely shut. Attach a preprinted shipping label to top: Click Here-this will prepare a tracking number. Make sure you give the tracking number to UPS when you call for the pick-up so you will not be charged.
5. Call UPS at 1-800-742-5877 before noon, Monday—Friday and they will be at your office before 5:00pm. When they arrive, you can arrange daily pick up service or call us @ 1-800- 683-1025 to schedule your pick up for you. You do not have to pay for a UPS pick up, we handle those costs. Any questions on shipping, call us.
6. If you are sending a prescheduled rush case, write "RUSH" on the outside of the box. To preschedule a rush case please contact us at 1-800-683-1025.
*To save money on shipping, send multiple cases in one box. We pay one way, you pay one way.
*If this is your first case, please fill out the Doctor Technical Preferences Form below and include in the box.
Fill out our digital Rx. Electronically sign and verify. Click Submit and your Digital Rx will be sent to us via email. Make sure to label your patient's impression by first and last name to match with your Rx. You can also fill out the Digital Rx online, then print to send along with your impression.
Print and fill out the necessary information before sending it along with your case.
Please fill out technical preferences form and submit. Your preferences will be stored under your profile within our system to better service you.
These are working days only. Please allow 2 extra days each way for shipping.
Rush services must be prescheduled for an additional fee.
Once printed, cut out one label and attach to your mailing box.
Fill out this form and a UPS label will be generated for you with a tracking number. Print and attach it to your mailing box.
UPS delivery takes 1-2 days depending on your location. Guaranteed delivery by the end of the second business day.
*Some locations in Alaska and Hawaii require additional transit time.
In-State: UPS or Priority Mail Available – UPS ($9.00 per case) or First Class mailing labels are provided at no charge. Overnight courier service provided for San Antonio and Austin at no charge.
Call us for DHL or FedEx instructions.


text:
=head1 LICENSE

Copyright [1999-2015] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and the EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute
Copyright [2016-2017] EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.

=cut

=head1 CONTACT

 Please email comments or questions to the public Ensembl
 developers list at <http://lists.ensembl.org/mailman/listinfo/dev>.

 Questions may also be sent to the Ensembl help desk at
 <http://www.ensembl.org/Help/Contact>.

=cut

package Bio::EnsEMBL::Variation::RegulatoryFeatureVariationAllele;

use strict;
use warnings;

use base qw(Bio::EnsEMBL::Variation::VariationFeatureOverlapAllele);

sub new_fast {
    my ($self, $hashref) = @_;

    # swap a regulatory_variation argument for a variation_feature_overlap one

    if ($hashref->{regulatory_feature_variation}) {
        $hashref->{variation_feature_overlap} = delete $hashref->{regulatory_feature_variation};
    }

    # and call the superclass

    return $self->SUPER::new_fast($hashref);
}

sub regulatory_feature_variation {
    my $self = shift;
    return $self->variation_feature_overlap(@_);
}

sub regulatory_feature {
    my $self = shift;
    return $self->regulatory_feature_variation->regulatory_feature;
}

1;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Many people are important for a professional ski racer; teammates, coaches, physiotherapists, parents and more. One of the most important are the ski technician or serviceman as many know them. The communication and understanding between the ski technician and the racer is very important. At the top level of alpine ski racing, the equipment becomes really important. The difference between winning or being out of the podium, can be decided when the racer and he's technician decides which set up to choose for the race. Here you get to know a little bit more about Henrik´s ski technician Mr. Phillipe "Yul" Petitjean thru a small "interview".
HKSR: Can you tell a little bit about about your selves ?
Yul: My name is Phillipe Petitjean, I´m 55 years old and live in Doussard, a small village near Annecy Lake in France. Married and I have two children.
HKSR: When and why did you start as a ski technician ?
Yul: I began as a ski technician in September 1986. During a tennis match the manager of the Rossignol junior alpine program suggested that I should do a test at Rossignol Racing department. This was the start of a long story which began with French Europa cup team a month later.
HKSR: Have you always been a factory technician at Rossignol ?
Yul: Yes, since 30 years now I have been in the Rossignol Racing department. My first year was at Europa cup level and since that in World Cup.
HKSR: What is your fascination with this profession ?
Yul: I have always liked the competition with the pressure and the feeling which I get. My job is very exiting and I get a lot of emotions. I love that.
Henrik and Yul on the chairlift in Valle Nevado.
HKSR: Can you name some of the racers you have worked with ?
Yul: I worked with 33 racers until now, among whom certain winners or podiums in World Cup: Franck Piccard, Alain Feutrier, Sébastien Amiez, Pierrick Bourgeat, Yves Dimier, Michael Janyk and now Henrik.
Henrik, Yul and coach Stefan Kornberger in Reiteralm, Austria.
HKSR: What is the achievements for you and your racers so far ?
Herve Lastennet(Rossignol), Henrik and Yul in Geilo, Norway.
HKSR: Are there any difference being a ski technician now compared to 10-15 years ago, if so, whats the difference ?
Yul: Yes, we use now a lot of options on skis, plates, bindings and boots. 15 years ago we had the same ski model and same booth during a season. Today we get prototype every couple of months. But the job is still the same, prepare the best equipment and give confidence to the "pilot" with passion and enthusiasm.
HKSR: How would you describe Henrik and the way you work together ?
Yul: Henrik is a hard worker with a great talent. He constantly tries to develop his technique with the adequate equipment. Always open to test different options and have the capacity to switch equipment if conditions changing during races. Most of the time we have the same feeling in the same time and it´s very gratifying to work with him.
Yul and Henrik in Coronet Peak, New Zealand.
HKSR: Everybody in World Cup call you "Yul", how and when did you get this nickname ?
Yul: It was the nickname my brothers gave me when we were very young. When I began with the French team there was two Phillipe, so to make it easy everybody called me Yul. Now nobody in World cup call my Phillipe.


The SL BAR 640 and 660 are powerful LED linear luminaires offering unprecedented output and exceptional colour clarity. Both luminaires are available with a choice of beam angles delivering uniform color mixing and illumination for a variety of applications. Whether used in place of R40 strips, border-lights, foot-lights, cyc-lights or for exciting animations, the luminaires deliver incredible coverage and color washing abilities.


When cancer strikes a family, what course of action should one take? Dr. Tateishi Kazu's father and brother both died os cancer. And then he found himself suffering from cancer of the duodenum and spreading.
His stomach was removed, but the cancer cells had spread to his lungs. He resolved to fight for his life. He researched, studied and tested over 1,500 types of herbs and plants.
Eventually he discovered the right combination of ingredients and formulated a unique healing vegetable soup and brown rice tea with its own molecular powers.
The vegetables are rich in green chlorophyll, amino acids, iron, phosphorous, calcium, and in natural form.
He based his soup on the principles of Five Elements theory, the harmonizing balance of the force of yin and yang, acid and alkaline, the engenders health as opposed to the imbalance, which lead to disease.
The five elements in our environment are wood, fire, earth, metal and water. Because of the balance of the five elements, the earth is able to produce life.
This is a remedy for all age groups. When the soup is ingested, it produces thirty different elements for fighting disease. Within three days, it can stop the growth of cancer cells.
Even for some last-stage cancer patients, it can lead to 100% remission. Patients who have subsisted on feeding tubes for nourishment, when given the soup, after two days regain their strength.
Over 10,000 last-stage cancer patients have used this remedy 99% are alive and were able to return to work.
If you are on medication, consult with your doctor to adjust your dosage. This remedy works for some people. It may not work for you. It is not intended to replace the traditional treatments.
If not sun dried, expose dried mushrooms to the sun.
Don't peel anything! Don't add any seasoning!
Fill a pot with three times the quantity of water (use Kangen Water) as the vegetable. Cook the above items in a slow cooker (with ceramic pot inside) or stainless steal, set first on High temperature, then later reduce the cooking temperature to low and let it simmer for two hours. The recipe smells and tastes like vegetable soup but without any spices. You can drink it throughout the day, cold, warm or hot just like tea.
Morning – 150 ml of soup (about 5 ounces) mixed with 30 ml of first morning's urine (just over an ounce) Do not use the first part of the urine stream because it contains sediment.
Only use your own urine. Urine is not a toxin. It is a medically proven, sterile, highly concentrated solution of excess nutrients, vitamins, hormones, enzymes and critical antibodies that cannot be duplicated. Stop adding the urine after three months.
Afternoon -200 ml of soup (about 7 ounces).
Note: when using urine therapy with the soup you will periodically feel discomfort in the diseased area once the healing process begins and the body starts to reverse the damage.


An MP has urged ministers to draw up a dedicated transport plan for the North – and warned the region will be "left in the slow lane" if decades of underinvestment are allowed to continue.
Leading a Commons debate on transport infrastructure in Northumberland, Mr Opperman highlighted the 62-mile Tyne Valley train line, running from Newcastle to Carlisle via Hexham, saying trains used on the route "need improvement desperately".
It serves more than a million passengers but the trains used on the line are "very out of date", he said.
The MP highlighted concerns about the new Northern Rail franchise, following concerns that services could be cut.
In a wide-ranging speech he said he backed the creation of a transport smartcard for public transport across the North East, similar to the 'Oyster' card operating in London.
And he highlighted the importance of finally dualling the A1.
Sir Alan Beith, Liberal Democrat MP for Berwick, told ministers a commitment to dual the A1 could help persuade Scots considering how to vote in the independence referendum that the UK was committed to investing in Scotland, and urged ministers to confirm the work would go ahead.


text:
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On This Day: November 11
1862 - (Civil War) Arkansas scouting expedition
The 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry participated in a scouting mission from Springfield to Huntsville and Yellville, Arkansas.
1915 - William Proxmire Born
On this date William Proxmire was born in Lake Forest, Illinois. Proxmire, a graduate of both Yale and Harvard, served in the Military Intelligence Service during World War II. He was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1951 and ran unsucessfully as the Democratic candidate for governor in 1952, 1954, and 1956. He did however successfully campaign for the United States Senate seat left open by the death of Joseph McCarthy in 1957. Proxmire held this seat until January 3, 1989. You can learn more about him, as well as see photos and read some of his his newsletters to constituents, in our Turning Points in Wisconsin History collection. [Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]
1919 - Oneida Street Station Burns Coal Continuously
On this date pulverized coal was successfully burned continuously and at high efficiencies in furnaces of stationary steam boilers at the Oneida Street Station in Milwaukee. This resulted in a reduction of electricity costs and conserved fuel resources. Learn more about the introduction of electrical power in Wisconsin here, in the pictures, articles and pamphlets at Turning Points in Wisconsin History. [Source: History Just Ahead: A Guide to Wisconsin's Historical Markers edited by Sarah Davis McBride]
1944 - UW Player Dies
On this date UW quarterback Allan Shafer died in a Madison hospital after sustaining an injury in a football game against Iowa at Camp Randall Stadium. Shafer, 17, died of pulmonary edema, a hemorrhage of the lungs.
1964 - Rolling Stones Play Milwaukee
On this date the Rolling Stones first performed in Wisconsin, to a crowd of 1,274 fans at Milwaukee Auditorium. Although Brian Jones remained in a Chicago hospital with a high fever, the rest of the band performed. According to a dubious reporter for the Milwaukee Journal, "Chances are, few in the audience missed his [Jones'] wailing harmonica. Screams from a thousand throats drowned out all but the most insistent electronic cacaphony and the two-fisted smashes of drummer Charlie Watts." The reporter continued, "Unless someone teaches guitar chords to chimpanzees, the visual ultimate has been reached in the Rolling Stones. With shoulder length hair and high heeled boots, they seemed more feminine than their fans. The Stones make the Beatles look like clean cut kids. You think it must be some kind of parody - but the little girls in front paid $5.50 a seat." [Source: Milwaukee Journal November 12, 1964, p.14]
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