text:
<?php

class Login_Model extends CI_Model {

    public function entrar($usuario, $contrasenia) {
        $this->db->select('usuario,tipo_usuario,contrasenia');
        $this->db->from('usuario_view');
        $this->db->where('usuario', $usuario);
        $this->db->where('contrasenia', md5($contrasenia));

        $this->db->where('estado', '1');

        $query = $this->db->get();

        if ($query->num_rows() == 0) {
            return 0;
        } else {
            return 1;
        }
    }

    public function tipo_usuario($usuario) {
        $tipo_usuario = $this->db->query("SELECT tipo_usuario FROM usuario_view WHERE usuario='" . $usuario . "'");
        return $tipo_usuario->result_array();
    }

    public function menu_contabilidad_usuario($usuario) {
        $query = $this->db->query("SELECT codigo_menu,enlace, distinguir_submenu, descripcion from usuario_modulo_view where menu_principal = 0 and alias_modulo = 'CG' and usuarios = '" . $usuario . "' order by codigo_menu");
        return $query->result_array();
    }

///// menu de contabilidad ////
    function recuperar_menus_principales_contabilidad($usuario) {
        $query = $this->db->query("select * from usuario_modulo_view where menu_principal = 1 and alias_modulo = 'CG' and estado = 1 and usuarios = '" . $usuario . "' order by codigo_menu");
        return $query->result_array();
    }

    public function recuperar_submenu_transacciones($usuario) {
        $query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM usuario_modulo_view WHERE menu_principal= 0 AND alias_modulo = "CG" and nivel0 = "02" and estado = 1 and usuarios = "' . $usuario . '" order by codigo_menu ');
        return $query->result_array();
    }

    public function recuperar_submenu_catalogos($usuario) {
        $query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM usuario_modulo_view WHERE menu_principal= 0 AND alias_modulo = "CG" and nivel0 = "03" and estado = 1 and usuarios = "' . $usuario . '" order by codigo_menu ');
        return $query->result_array();
    }

    public function recuperar_submenu_operaciones($usuario) {
        $query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM usuario_modulo_view WHERE menu_principal= 0 AND alias_modulo = "CG" and nivel0 = "04" and estado = 1 and usuarios = "' . $usuario . '" order by codigo_menu ');
        return $query->result_array();
    }

    public function recuperar_submenu_gestion($usuario) {
        $query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM usuario_modulo_view WHERE menu_principal= 0 AND alias_modulo = "CG" and nivel0 = "05" and estado = 1 and usuarios = "' . $usuario . '" order by codigo_menu ');
        return $query->result_array();
    }

/////menu de bancos ////

       function recuperar_menus_principales_banco($usuario) {
        $query = $this->db->query("select * from usuario_modulo_view where menu_principal = 1 and alias_modulo = 'BC' and estado = 1 and usuarios = '" . $usuario . "' order by codigo_menu");
        return $query->result_array();
    }

    public function recuperar_submenu_transacciones_banco($usuario) {
        $query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM usuario_modulo_view WHERE menu_principal= 0 AND alias_modulo = "BC" and nivel0 = "02" and estado = 1 and usuarios = "' . $usuario . '" order by codigo_menu ');
        return $query->result_array();
    }

    public function recuperar_submenu_catalogos_banco($usuario) {
        $query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM usuario_modulo_view WHERE menu_principal= 0 AND alias_modulo = "BC" and nivel0 = "03" and estado = 1 and usuarios = "' . $usuario . '" order by codigo_menu ');
        return $query->result_array();
    }

    public function recuperar_submenu_operaciones_banco($usuario) {
        $query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM usuario_modulo_view WHERE menu_principal= 0 AND alias_modulo = "BC" and nivel0 = "04" and estado = 1 and usuarios = "' . $usuario . '" order by codigo_menu ');
        return $query->result_array();
    }

    public function recuperar_submenu_gestion_banco($usuario) {
        $query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM usuario_modulo_view WHERE menu_principal= 0 AND alias_modulo = "BC" and nivel0 = "05" and estado = 1 and usuarios = "' . $usuario . '" order by codigo_menu ');
        return $query->result_array();
    }
}


text:
Q: How to get process id of sbt? How can I get process id of an sbt run?
I tried the following but it did not give me anything:
SBT="$(sbt -java-home /shared/shelley/khashab2/java/jdk1.8.0_31 'project core' run)"&
echo "$SBT"

A: If you're using bash, you can try $!. From the documentation:

($!) Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or using the bg builtin (see Job Control Builtins).

A: change your script like this:
sbt -java-home /shared/shelley/khashab2/java/jdk1.8.0_31 'project core' run&
SBT=$!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Malta report: A Mediterranean filming hub
KFTV visits Malta to meet the country's new film commissioner and find out more about how the Mediterranean country is building its profile as a global production hub.
KFTV visits Malta to meet the country's new film commissioner and find out more about how the Mediterranean nation is building its profile as a global production hub.
Malta's internationally-renowned water tank facilities form the country's principal production infrastructure, but exterior locations are still the island nation's main selling point.
Producers from around the world see Malta as an easy double for Middle Eastern story settings and a base 25% cash rebate helps the country stand out in a crowded European market.
A continuing global interest in screen stories inspired by recent – and indeed biblical – Middle Eastern history means Malta is firmly established on global production shortlists.
Malta's production industry, headed by new film commissioner Johann Grech at the Malta Film Commission, is keen for producers around the world to think more laterally in terms of what Malta can offer films and TV shows. Grech has a background in marketing and politics, serving as head of government marketing within the office of the prime minister from 2013 to 2017.
KFTV takes a three-hour dawn flight from London and arrives to a wet Maltese March morning. Our tour begins with a short drive from the airport to the water tanks, by which time the skies have cleared and the sun shines brightly.
Malta's water tanks
At Malta Film Studios, producers have access to a pair of expansive tanks strategically positioned with an open ocean backdrop, making it easier for film or TV crews to create seamless transitions between the tanks and the sea beyond.
Sky's Second World War submarine drama Das Boot – a $30m TV series follow-up to Wolfgang Petersen's 1981 classic movie of the same name – wrapped scenes in the tanks a few weeks earlier. Notices bearing the show's name are still visible on the production office doors.
Mdina Cathedral
A shallow tank spans 300 by 400 feet and has a depth of six feet when full. A deeper centre section is designed to accommodate a boat or ship set and the extra depth also makes allowances for any required stunt dives from a height.
A much deeper nearby tank plunges nearly 40 feet and is a striking sight with a smooth concave shape that makes it resemble a symmetrical meteor crater. Recent action movie Renegades – co-written by Luc Besson and co-produced by his company EuropaCorp – built a small town set here for a story that follows a team of Special Forces operatives searching a flooded Balkan village for sunken treasure.
"The water tanks are strategic to Malta," says Grech, as he sits down with KFTV at the commission's nearby offices. "They are unique in Europe and the second largest in the world. We have an excellent track record."
Malta's water tanks are the perfect place to film ocean-set scenes in a completely controlled and sheltered environment. In recent years they have hosted sequences for Paul Greengrass' modern-day piracy feature Captain Phillips and the period adventure film Kon-Tiki (pictured below) that charts the true story of a 1940s attempt to prove a prehistoric migration theory by crossing the Pacific on a balsawood raft.
We discuss Grech's hands-on approach to the commissioner role that he has been quick to establish in the few months that he has been in the job. In January, Grech specifically pledged to reach out to producers in China and India as a way of maximising Malta's global appeal.
"I have had meetings with over 200 producers, filmmakers and studios," he says. "There is interest from across Europe, there is interest from Bollywood and there is interest from Hollywood.
"Our objective in 2018 is to attract more films and more TV series to Malta so that we keep enhancing our profile globally."
While the tanks are certainly eye-catching, the focus on water filming inevitably draws attention to the absence of accompanying stage space. However, there are long-term plans in development to address the issue.
"We are working on sound stages," Grech reveals. "The plans are still new. I still need to discuss it with the government. What I can say is that we're working on a plan.
The historic Fort Ricasoli
Minutes from the water tanks is the historic Fort Ricasoli, one of Malta's most popular filming locations. The bastioned fort dates back to the late 17th century but has been decommissioned as a military asset since the 1960s.
The fort is now closed to the public and is maintained partly as a filming location, with a layout that conveniently shields a central courtyard from outside eyes.
Among Ricasoli's most famous visitors have been Ridley Scott's Roman epic Gladiator. Producers built expansive sets inside the fort's historic walls for the shoot back in the late 1990s and used the existing architecture for scenes set in the bowels of Rome's Colosseum.
More recently, Game of Thrones filmed Series One moments there and director Kevin Reynolds chose the fort to shoot scenes for his 2016 biblical movie Risen. Justin Kurzel's videogame adaptation Assassin's Creed shot stunt sequences on parts of Ricasoli's terraces.
The fort itself is a curious mix of history and Hollywood. Foam statues, props and faux-stone flooring from past shoots are kept there and are almost indistinguishable from the centuries-old architecture. You're never quite sure whether a surface will be stone or foam.
Filmmakers are clearly inspired by those who have come before them and Grech clarifies that filmmakers are often familiar with the island when they inquire about locations.
"Producers have often filmed in Malta before," Grech tells KFTV. "Sometimes they come with a specific location in mind, but they will also use our suggestions. It depends on the script and they often use our library pictures."
Historic and modern cosmopolitan visuals
Grech and his colleagues focus on making connections that can potentially deliver projects over a number of years. Kenneth Branagh's movie adaptation of Murder on the Orient Express filmed its opening scenes in Malta – doubling for Jerusalem – and Grech is hopeful that Fox and other US studios will be among the international entities to bring future projects to Malta.
"Murder on the Orient Express was a Fox production. Queen of the South (a drug-trafficking TV drama) was a Fox production," Grech explains. "We're looking for both the small screen and the big screen."
"The thing is this – producers are happy about our service, they're happy about filming in Malta and they want to come back," says Grech. "As a film commission it's about building up a relationship. We have major competition. We have established liaison contacts within most of the relevant government departments. If there is an issue, it's fixed within hours."
We drive the few minutes to the other side of the Grand Harbour from Fort Ricasoli to Valletta's historic heart that is now a modern and cosmopolitan European capital.
Deviate from the city's bustling high street for just a minute or two and you find yourself in beautiful narrow side streets. Some have connecting buildings and balconies that hosted specific stunt shots for Assassin's Creed. Parts of the city also stood in for Libya in Michael Bay's 2016 action movie 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, which is among Malta's highest-profile projects of the last five years.
"Malta has lots of versatile locations and has the ability to double up for other countries," says Grech. "We have the crews and we have the people."
In the coming months the country may get a further profile boost from National Geographic's scripted series Genius that features Antonio Banderas as Pablo Picasso and used Malta as a stand-in for southern France.
Plane hijack thriller Entebbe (formerly known as 7 Days in Entebbe) doubled parts of the airport for Entebbe in Uganda and launched at this year's Berlinale.
"Our workforce is skilful," Grech says. "The locals participate. There is pride that a film has been shot in Malta. The film industry has its ripple effects on the economy, so the government incentivises the film industry as we are competing with the world."
Malta's historic former capital Mdina is less than a half-hour drive inland from Valletta and offers spectacular architecture within an imposing defensive wall.
Over a decade before Kevin Reynolds came to Malta to film Risen, he used Mdina's main square for a festival sequence in his 2002 adaptation of The Count of Monte Cristo with Jim Caviezel. Several parts of Mdina appeared in key scenes in the first series of Game of Thrones.
Film-friendly locations are also to be found in Naxxar, midway between Mdina and Valletta. The 19th century Palazzo Parisio offers state rooms that appeared as embassy settings in Kon-Tiki. The palace's expansive gardens were used in Lee Tamahori's 2011 movie The Devil's Double, a thriller based on the true story of a man who was forced to become a decoy for Saddam Hussein's son Uday in the 1990s.
The Palazzo offers a further surprise as the gardens lead to a vacant street not accessible to the public that was used as a back lot for scenes in The Devil's Double. It is a sight that reinforces the Maltese sense that the unexpected can be delivered.
Malta already has a well-earned global reputation as a Mediterranean production hub. Sound stages can only help boost the country's international profile as the film commission continues to form relationships with producers around the world.
KFTV stayed at Le Meridien in St Julian's north of Valletta, overlooking the picturesque Balluta Bay. The location offers easy access to the renowned Barracuda, a fine-dining restaurant that has a great selection of local fish delicacies. The country also offers many of the world's top hotel brands, including Radisson Blu, InterContinental and Hilton.
KFTV was kindly hosted by the Malta Film Commission.
Water tank filming image: Jose Haro. Kin-Tiki image: Nordisk Film/HanWay Films. Murder on the Orient Express image: 20th Century Fox.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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How the Brigadier Won His Medals is the 44th episode in season 3 of the Schlitz Playhouse of Stars TV series, produced by Meridian aired on 2 july 1954 on CBS (USA), starring Claude Dauphin as Brigadier Etienne Gerard.
The episode is an adaptation of the Conan Doyle's short story: The Medal of Brigadier Gerard (1894). With some adversaries of Gerard missing, and the meeting with the blond girl at the end of the episode which is not in the short story.
3 Prussians soldiers : ?
Cast also include : Richard Avonde, Harry Cording, Hal Gerard, Charles Hayward, Ted Hecht, Patrick O'Moore, Otto Reichow, Henry Rowland.
Brigadier Etienne Gerard and Major Charpentier of the Hussars are summoned by the Emperor, Napoleon, for a special mission. They both have to deliver a message to the Emperor's brother, The King of Spain, which is in Paris. But the Emperor insists that they have to take a different route. If they succeed, he promises them a Medal of Honor. On his route, Gerard escapes a Prussian soldier by shooting him in the shoulder, and arrives in Senlis, recently liberated from the Cossacks. He visits the cellar of a ruined house when the Prussians take the town again and occupy the house. He is trapped in the cellar, when he meets Count Boutkine, a Cossack officer who was hiding there. Boutkine thinks the French have took the town and accept to be the prisoner of Gerard. Pretending to save Boutkine's life, Gerard exchange uniforms with him and leave the town safely. On his way to Paris, he fights and kills another Prussian soldier. Then he delivers the letter to the perplexed Joseph Bonaparte and Talleyrand. Joseph orders Gerard to change back to a proper uniform and to report back to Napoleon. Napoleon and Berthier are surprised to see Gerard back and safe, and is furious that Gerard didn't understand that he should have been captured for the fake letter fell in the enemy's hands. Gerard makes a speech about trust and honesty, which soften Napoleon mood. The Emperor tells Berthier to give the medal to Gerard after all as if the Brigadier has the thickest head he has also the stoutest heart in his army.


Used with a base layer and under a jacket if it's freezing.
The closed cuffs and close-fit arms work like arm warmers to keep out the cold and keep the warmth next to the skin. The high collar keeps out the wind and is contoured so it sits high at the front and lower at the back to ensure the jersey fits closely across the shoulders. A zip garage stops the rubbing of the zip when fully closed and the full length zip guard blocks any wind.
I have had received my Morvelo Raid Jersey in a matter of few days, from the UK to California! Amazing!!! The Morvelo jersey fit true to my body and has a very nice design!! Perfect for this below 0 degrees rides!!!
The morvelo Raid ThermoActive long sleeve jerseys is great, I also ordered the same one in black and bright green they are great and look great.


text:
Castles Appointment Dubious: Sogavare
Friday, 31 August 2007 09:41 AM
Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare said the appointment of the former Commissioner of Police, Shane Castles of Australia was dubious.
Mr Sogavare told Parliament that the Australian Federal Agent was appointed at the insistence of Canberra despite the fact the nominating committee selected somebody else for the Commissioner of Police post.
The Prime Minister made the revelation in response to the media campaign the Civil Society Group and other non-governmental organizations have launched against the government's appointment of the new police commissioner, Indo Fijian, Mohammed Jahir Khan.
The government complied with the right procedures in the recruitment of Mr Khan after terminating Mr Castles from the top police post for loyalty reasons.
Mr Sogavare said he could not understand the 'nonsense' the Civil Society Group, the Transparency Solomon Islands, the National Council of Women and the Trade Union were going on about the appointment of Mr Khan despite being lawful but were silent on the 'dubious' recruitment of Mr Castles.
"There was no consultation between the Prime Minister then and the Police and Prison Services Commission. In fact the correspondence in the file clearly suggests that the Police and Prison Services Commission was directed to make the appointment (of Mr Castles) under threat.
"What do you call that or because it involves an Australian so to hell with procedures? Does that make sense? I want the house to see the hypocrisy in all these.
"Isn't that cronyism? Or is it because he is an Australian coming under the RAMSI arrangement and so we must bow down to them," Mr Sogavare asked.


text:
OIM steht als Abkürzung für:

 Flughafen Ōshima in Japan als IATA-Code
 Office International des Musées
 Office Information Management
 Open Information Model ein Meta-Daten-Austauschformat basierend auf XML, 1999 in CWM (Common Warehouse Metamodel) eingeflossen

Oim ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Merike Õim (* 1951), estnische Dichterin
 Tõnu Õim (* 1941), estnischer Fernschachspieler

OIM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Believe me, we've both met a lot of punks out there.
A punk is a guy who cares more about himself than his wife. He's the one women are always complaining about.
A punk doesn't get it that there's something great about being a man.
There is great pride in being a man.
We engage in our family life, we're proactive about doing acts of service. We (almost) always put our wives first.
We're men. We cook, we clean, we take care of the kids, we watch movies that our wife wants to watch.
We have a special calling, one that highlights our inherent strengths. We are called to lead, protect, and provide for our families. Whoa.
We aren't called to bear children, and so we are not able to experience the advantages or struggles of that calling.
But we weren't made for that.
Punks are naturally dumb or disengaged. They allow themselves to become that way.
We're smart, we're noble. We continue to pray, learn, grow, and play with our families.
How critical is your role as a man? The statistics on the outcomes of fatherless homes are amazing. With no father, the children suffer greatly.
So let's step up to the plate and carry out the task we were called to. Let's lead with greater passion, protect with greater intensity and provide the finest fruits for our families. It's what we were made to do.


A sweet pair of watercolor ballerina's centered by personalized ballet shoes make up this set of 3 - 8" x 10" art prints. Each print is created from my original watercolor painting. Lovely inspiration for your dancer!
Available in 4 colors. Center print is available with or without a heart/name.
Printed on white matte art paper.


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Embassy of Ukraine in the Kingdom of Belgium
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Homepage / About Ukraine / Economic Cooperation / Free trade agreements (FTA)
An important task of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine is to provide diplomatic maintenance and assistance in holding negotiations on concluding bi- and multilateral free trade agreements (further - FTA).
The FTA conclusion provides the creation of favorable conditions for development of trade and economic cooperation with the certain states or groups of states and therefore is the efficient instrument for increasing the Ukrainian export volume through the liberalization of access of goods and services on foreign markets. The establishing a free trade regime with the perspective trade and economic partners allows Ukraine to diversify geography and range of national export production due to liberalized terms of market accession in the long term.
First of all, the FTA conclusion pursues the aim of advance and protection of economic interests of the Ukrainian producers and exporters and also provides balanced tariff policy, including, in relation to sensitive groups of industrial and agricultural goods which have to become a basis of creating favorable conditions for the development of commerce and economic cooperation.
The valid FTAs
Ukraine concluded free trade agreements with The European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the CIS and also with Montenegro, Macedonia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan.
Creation of Deep and Comprehensive FTA between Ukraine and the European Union is provided by the economic part of EU- Ukraine Association Agreement, which was signed on June 27, 2014.
The Agreement on free trade between Ukraine and the states of EFTA (Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein) was signed at Reykjavík (Iceland) on June 24, 2010; ratified by the Law of Ukraine No. 4091-VI of December 07, 2011 and came into force on June 1, 2012. The present Agreement covers trade in goods (industrial, agricultural, fish and sea production), services and settlements of disputes. Given the difference between economic and social development levels of Ukraine and EFTA member states the agreement provides the principal of asymmetrical obligations of the Parties which allows Ukraine to adapt its trade with the EFTA states with the free trade terms.
Two more documents were signed in the scope of Agreement in order to render technical and financial assistance to the Ukrainian Party for adaptation to the new terms of trade, namely: the Memorandum of understanding concerning the Program of bilateral cooperation in agriculture between the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine and the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs; and the Joint Statement on cooperation in the field of fisheries between the State Agency of Fisheries of Ukraine, the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture of Iceland and the Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs of Norway.
CIS Free trade Agreement (member countries: Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) signed on October 18, 2011 and ratified by Ukraine on July 13, 2012.
Besides, bilateral FTAs between Ukraine and Azerbaijan (was ratified on July 12, 1996), Uzbekistan (November 04, 1995), Tajikistan (July 06, 2001) and Turkmenistan (November 05, 1994) are valid. The largest trade partners of Ukraine within the CIS are Russian Federation, Belarus, Moldova and Kazakhstan.
The free trade area between Ukraine and Georgia is valid since 1996 under the Agreement between the Government of Ukraine and the Government of Democratic Republic of Georgia on January 09, 1995 (came into force on June 04, 1996), and also under the intergovernmental Protocol on modification and additions in the Agreements specified on June 17, 2009 that is connected with Georgia's withdrawal from the CIS.
The Agreement on free trade between the Government of Ukraine and the Government of Montenegro was signed at Kiev on November 18, 2011 and was also ratified by the Law of Ukraine No. 5445-VI of October 16, 2012; became effective on January 01, 2013. The present Agreement covers trade in goods, services and settlements of disputes. Under the terms of the Agreement after the entry into force, Montenegro provides abolition of the import duties. Thus, for the purpose of prevention of potential negative consequences for the economy of Ukraine, the Ukrainian party within the Agreement excluded a number of sensitive groups of agricultural goods from the free trade area. Also, the right for application of export duties by Ukraine according to the existing obligations within the WTO is kept.
The Agreement on free trade between the Republic of Macedonia and Ukraine was signed at Skopje on January 18, 2001 and was ratified by the Law of Ukraine No. 2599-III of July 05, 2001. The present Agreement covers the removal of trade restrictions in industrial and agricultural goods, providing conditions for the fair competition in trade, creation of conditions for further investment promotion, development of joint investment projects, and also protection of intellectual property and cooperation between the Parties in the markets of the third countries.
The concluded FTAs promote the free movement of goods and services between the countries that, in turn, promotes attraction of investments, reduction in cost of import, development of domestic production and infrastructure, exchange of experience and technologies, provides employment of the population, receipt in budgets of taxes and fees and maintenance of close interstate connections.
The negotiation processes under way
For the time being, negotiation processes on the conclusion of bilateral FTAs between Ukraine and Canada, Turkey and State of Israel are under way.
The work on determination of economic expediency of the conclusion of FTAs with other important trade partners of Ukraine is being conducted. Along with the carrying out the corresponding scientific researches we try to define the perspective countries for the FTAs conclusion through the consultations with business associations and leading producers and exporters of Ukraine.
Business Opportunities in Ukraine
A.AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING
B.MINING AND QUARRYING
C.MANUFACTURING
D.ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND AIR CONDITIONING SUPPLY
E.WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE, WASTE MANAGEMENT AND REMEDIATION ACTIVITIES
F.CONSTRUCTION
G.WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTORCYCLES
H.TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
I.ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD SERVICE ACTIVITIES
J.INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
K.FINANCIAL AND INSURANCE ACTIVITIES
L.REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES
M.PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
N.ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT SERVICE ACTIVITIES
O.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE; COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY
P.EDUCATION
Q.HUMAN HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK ACTIVITIES
R.ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION
S.OTHER SERVICE ACTIVITIES
T.ACTIVITIES OF HOUSEHOLDS AS EMPLOYERS; UNDIFFERENTIATED GOODS- AND SERVICES-PRODUCING ACTIVITIES OF HOUSEHOLDS FOR OWN USE
U.ACTIVITIES OF EXTRATERRITORIAL ORGANISATIONS AND BODIES
Russia's military aggression against Ukraine
Peculiarities of conducting of strategic command-post exercise "Caucasus-2016"
PECULIARITIES OF THE SITUATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED TERRITORIES
Servicemen of the Russian Armed Forces who are suspected in war crimes in Ukraine


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A well-written essay is free of mistakes such as grammar errors. While no one is perfect there are times in which some words and their meanings pose confusion for writers of all levels. This is an important aspect for students writing essays to consider, especially if they want to improve their skills overtime. If you want to self-edit and proofread your content you need to have an idea of common errors to look for and how to correct them.
Words that sound the same but are spelled differently are common problems that easily go undetected. For instance, the words "they're," "their," and "there" all sound the same but have different meanings. They're a contraction for they are. Their refers to ownership by a person or group, and there refers to a place or distance. Another set of words that sound the same include "your" and "you're". The first one (your) refers to personal ownership and the second (you're) is a contraction for you are; this is saying you are something (you're special, etc.). Another common set of words includes "its" and "it's." The first (its) refers to possession and the second (it's) is a contraction for it is.
"Affect" and "effect" are common pet peeves for many people. Not only do they sound the same they are often used incorrectly. They each describe a change but in different ways. An effect refers to a change associated with a noun and affect refers to the actual act of a change.
There are words that we tend to use incorrectly or learn we should have been using them instead. Such examples may include stronger, better, and faster. Sometimes it is a matter of clarifying what you are comparing to understand which word you should use. It does make a difference to understand which word you should use because it can through off readers when an incorrect word is in the sentence.
You should get familiar with other types of grammar mistakes such as Me vs. I, use of possessive nouns with apostrophes, active voice, passive voice, and dangling modifiers to name a few. As you get more familiar with them you may be able to catch them as you write. Take time to read and edit your work as it is possible to look over a mistake your computer program may not catch.


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Shanghai, 1934. In an insect world parallel to that of humans, veteran Inspector Sun, a lone spider, leads his last mission against his archenemy the Red Locust, before embarking on a well-deserved retirement. His vacation aboard a Pan Am clipper between Shanghai and San Francisco comes to an abrupt end when millionaire Dr. Spindelthorp is found murdered. What begins as a routine case for Sun will ultimately decide the fate of humanity.
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John Brown is a bumbling but well-intentioned security guard who is badly injured in an explosion planned by an evil mastermind. He is taken to a labo...
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Siblings Lucy, Edmund, Susan and Peter step through a magical wardrobe and find the land of Narnia. There, they discover a charming, once peaceful kin...
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With the impending ice age almost upon them, a mismatched trio of prehistoric critters – Manny the woolly mammoth, Diego the saber-toothed tiger and S...
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The Fellowship of the Ring embark on a journey to destroy the One Ring and end Sauron's reign over Middle-earth.
Ashitaka, a prince of the disappearing Emishi people, is cursed by a demonized boar god and must journey to the west to find a cure. Along the way, he...
A young girl, Chihiro, becomes trapped in a strange new world of spirits. When her parents undergo a mysterious transformation, she must call upon the...
A secret military project endangers Neo-Tokyo when it turns a biker gang member into a rampaging psychic psychopath that only two teenagers and a grou...
An undercover cop in a not-too-distant future becomes involved with a dangerous new drug and begins to lose his own identity as a result.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze
The Turtles and the Shredder battle once again, this time for the last cannister of the ooze that created the Turtles, which Shredder wants to create...
A quartet of humanoid turtles, trained by their mentor in ninjitsu, must learn to work together to face the menace of Shredder and the Foot Clan.
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The four turtles travel back in time to the days of the legendary and deadly samurai in ancient Japan, where they train to perfect the art of becoming...
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The Autobots must stop a colossal planet-consuming robot who goes after the Autobot Matrix of Leadership. At the same time, they must defend themselve...
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The Towani family civilian shuttlecraft crashes on the forest moon of Endor. The four Towani's are separated. Jermitt and Catarine, the mother and fat...
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Wallace and Gromit have run out of cheese, and this provides an excellent excuse for the duo to take their holiday to the moon, where, as everyone kno...
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Wallace rents out Gromit's former bedroom to a penguin, who takes up an interest in the techno pants created by Wallace. However, Gromit later learns...
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Cheese-loving eccentric Wallace and his cunning canine pal, Gromit, investigate a mystery in Nick Park's animated adventure, in which the lovable inve...
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The work Retrograde represents a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in City Libraries, City of Gold Coast. This resource is a combination of several types including: Work, Language Material, Books.
Mankind has long dreamed of reaching out to live on other planets, and with the establishment of the Mars Endeavour colony, that dream has become reality. The fledgling colony consists of 120 scientists, astronauts, medical staff, and engineers. Buried deep underground, they're protected from the harsh radiation that sterilizes the surface of the planet. The colony is prepared for every eventuality except one--what happens when disaster strikes Earth?


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Die Topasse (auch Schwarze Portugiesen oder Bidau) sind Nachkommen von indischen und malaiischen Frauen und hauptsächlich portugiesischen Soldaten, Seeleuten und Händlern. Der Begriff wurde im Laufe der Zeit für verschiedene Mischbevölkerungen verwendet, bezeichnete aber schließlich bei den Portugiesen nur die Larantuqueiros, die katholische Mischbevölkerung auf den Kleinen Sundainseln. Dort gelang es den Topasse, sich innerhalb einer Generation im 17. Jahrhundert de facto unabhängige, kleine Reiche zu schaffen, die bis ins 19. Jahrhundert nur noch nominell der portugiesischen Krone unterstanden. Niederländische Quellen verwenden die Bezeichnung Topasse sowohl für die Mischbevölkerung als auch für Einheimische, die den christlichen Glauben angenommen hatten und im europäischen Stil lebten.

Die Bezeichnung Topasse leitet sich vermutlich vom malaiischen topashe oder Hindi-Wort dobashi ab, was so viel wie "zwei Sprachen" oder "Übersetzer" bedeutet. Eine weitere Erklärung leitet sich vom Wort Topi für einen Hut ab. Demnach bezeichneten sich die Topasse auch als Gente de Chapeo (port.: Leute der Hüte).

Geschichte

Erste Berichte
1604 berichtet der Dominikaner Gabriel Quiroga de San Antonio erstmals von "Topasse" an der Koromandelküste. 1619 berichtet der Vizekönig von Indien dem portugiesischen Hof in einem Brief, dass aufgrund des Mangels an portugiesischen Soldaten topazes im Fort von Malakka "lästige" Japaner, Javaner und Malaien ausschalten würden.

Holländische Aufzeichnungen von 1648 berichten von einer Gruppe der toupas neben den Mestizen, und nach der portugiesischen Niederlage am 7. Januar 1663 in Cochin wurden die Rechte von gefangenen Toepassen festgelegt. 1690 berichtete der im niederländischen Dienst stehende Deutsche Engelbert Kaempfer von einem Dorf bei Ayutthaya im heutigen Thailand, in dem eine "portugiesische Rasse mit schwarzen Frauen" zusammenlebe. Der englische Kapitän Alexander Hamilton schreibt in seinem Buch 1727 von 200 Topasse oder indischen Portugiesen, die in Kambodscha siedelten.

Kleine Sundainseln
Die Topasse der Kleinen Sundainseln stammen von Frauen aus Larantuka auf den heute indonesischen Inseln Flores und Solor und Portugiesen, aber auch Holländern ab. Hier bezeichnen sie sich selbst als Larantuqueiros.

Nach niederländischen Berichten beherrschten die Topasse von Larantuka aus bereits 1623 die Häfen an der Nordküste Timors. Einen Aufbruch erlebten die Topasse mit Ankunft von Jan da Hornay (auch João de Hornay, d'Ornay, da Ornai, de Horney). Selbst Mestize, war er ab 1627 niederländischer Kommandant der Festung auf Solor, doch zwei Jahre später lief er zu den Portugiesen über, woraufhin die portugiesischen Dominikaner wieder die Kontrolle über Solor übernahmen. Hornay ging nach Larantuka, heiratete eine timoresische Sklavin und gründete mit seinen zwei Söhnen António und Francisco einen mächtigen Familienclan. Mateus da Costa, ein Waffengefährte von António da Hornay, heiratete die Tochter eines westtimoresischen Herrschers (je nach Quelle von Amanuban oder Ambeno) und gründete den rivalisierenden Clan der Costas. Die Clans verbanden sich durch Heirat mit vielen Herrscherfamilien Westtimors, außerdem nahmen einige Herrscher deren Familiennamen an, um sich ihre Autorität anzueignen.

Auf Flores gründeten die Topasse einen eigenen losen, aber mächtigen Staat, der im Kern aus dem Dreierbund Larantuka, Wureh und Konga bestand. Die Oberhoheit Portugals bestand nur nominell. Es gab keine portugiesischen Beamten, und es wurden keine Steuern abgeführt. Briefe der Regierung in Lissabon wurden ignoriert. Die Topasse übten über die ursprünglichen Völker von Flores die Kontrolle aus, indem sie diese zu ihren "Verbündeten" machten. Die Eroberung der einzelnen Völker lief immer nach dem gleichen Muster ab: Der angesehenste Raja wurde durch militärischen Druck zum Katholizismus bekehrt. Er musste einen Treueeid auf den König von Portugal schwören und bekam daraufhin den Titel Dom verliehen. Der Raja konnte sein Volk weiter autonom regieren, aber bei Kriegen mussten Hilfstruppen gestellt werden. Diese Methode wandten auch die Portugiesen in ihren Kolonien an. Da die Topasse die Herrschaft ausübten, führten sie Portugiesisch als Amtssprache ein, um sich von den Einheimischen abzugrenzen. Als Handelssprache verwendeten sie das Malaiische, das auf den umliegenden Inseln verstanden wurde.

Von Larantuka aus siedelten die Topasse zusammen mit den Portugiesen ab 1640 in Lifau in der heutigen osttimoresischen Sonderverwaltungsregion Oe-Cusse Ambeno. Ab 1641/42 residierte auch der Führer der Topasse zeitweise in Lifau. Den Titel erhielt er von den Portugiesen, als Zeichen, dass er der regionale Vertreter Portugals war. Von hier aus übernahmen die Topasse die Kontrolle über den Handel mit Sandelholz. Um 1642 lebte bereits eine große Anzahl von Topasse auf Timor und drang in das Inselinnere vor. Durch starke Truppen wurden Verhandlungen mit den dortigen Liurais (Kleinkönige) erzwungen. Dabei drangen sie in das Machtvakuum ein, das nach Zerstörung von Wehale durch den in portugiesischen Diensten stehenden Topasse Francisco Fernandes zurückgeblieben war. Viele ehemalige Verbündete von Wehale schlossen sich nun den Topasse an. Gegen die Lieferung von Musketen erhielt man die Kontrolle über den größten Teil der Sandelholzproduktion und konnte die Preise bestimmen. Auch hier kämpften die Familienclans Costa und Hornay um die Vorherrschaft.

In einem niederländischen Bericht aus dem Jahre 1659 heißt es:

Die Topasse sahen sich von mehreren Seiten bedroht: einmal durch portugiesische Händler, die durch die Krone eine Erlaubnis erhielten, die Kontrolle über den Sandelholzhandel zu übernehmen, sodann durch die Dominikaner, die versuchten, eine eigene unabhängige Machtbasis auf Timor zu schaffen, und schließlich durch die einheimischen Liurais, die regelmäßig rebellierten, sowohl gegen die Topasse als auch die Portugiesen. Jedoch einte alle der Kampf gegen die Expansion der Niederländer. 1656 vernichteten die Topasse unter António da Hornay und Mateus da Costa eine niederländische Militärexpedition beim Dorf Amarasi, die gegen sie ausgeschickt worden war, und zwangen sie so, die gerade eroberte Festung von Kupang wieder aufzugeben. Der portugiesische Vizekönig in Goa nutzte schließlich die Rivalität zwischen den Familienclans. Er sandte sowohl an António da Hornay als auch an Mateus da Costa den gleichen Brief, in dem er sie zu seinem Generalkapitän (Capitão-mor) erklärte, sofern derjenige die Macht innehabe. Diese lag zu diesem Zeitpunkt bei António, Mateus akzeptierte dies aber nicht und berief sich dabei auf eine frühere Ernennung. Ein blutiger Machtkampf zwischen den Familien begann und führte später zur Machtteilung innerhalb der Topasse. Zwischen 1668 und 1670 unterwarf Mateus da Costa für Portugal mehrere Königreiche der Tetum im Küstengebiet Belus. Von 1671 an konnte Mateus auch den Titel des Capitão-Mor für sich beanspruchen, doch starb er 1673. Nach einem kurzen Intermezzo durch Manuel da Costa Vieira gewann António da Hornay noch im selben Jahr den Titel zurück und regierte de facto als Fürst über Larantuka, Solor und Teile Timors. Er wird von den Niederländern als so rücksichtslos beschrieben, dass sie hofften, die Timoresen würden sich deswegen gegen ihn und die Portugiesen wenden. Nach dem Tod von António da Hornay 1693 wurde er von Pater António de Madre de Deus und schließlich von Antónios Bruder Francisco da Hornay abgelöst. Schließlich kam es zur Vereinigung der Hornays und der Costas durch die Heirat von Francisco da Hornay mit einer Tochter von Domingos da Costa, dem Sohn von Mateus.

1695 versuchte Portugal erstmals, dem Capitão-mor einen Gouverneur für Timor und Solor voranzustellen. António de Mesquita Pimentel zog aber schnell nach seiner Ankunft 1696 den Zorn der Einheimischen auf sich. Er plünderte sie schamlos aus und ermordete zwei Kinder von Francisco da Hornay.  Domingos da Costa, nun der neue Capitão-mor, legte Pimentel 1697 in Ketten und ließ ihn nach Goa zurückschicken. Pimentels Nachfolger André Coelho Vieira wurde von Domingos da Costa 1698 bereits in Larantuka gefangen genommen und nach Macao zurückgeschickt. Erst António Coelho Guerreiro gelang es 1702, wieder in Lifau sein Amt anzutreten, auch wenn die Mehrheit der Topasse sich ihm feindlich gegenüberstellten. Unterstützt wurde Guerreiro dabei vom ansässigen und allgemein verehrten Bischof Manuel de Santo António, der mit Lourenço Lopes, dem Schwager von Domingos da Costa, verhandelte. Lopes wurde als Gegenleistung zum Generalleutnant ernannt. Guerreiro machte Lifau 1702 zum Verwaltungssitz der Kolonie, der aber ständig von den Topasse belagert wurde. Bis 1705 hielt Guerreiro durch, bevor er abziehen musste. Nachdem Lourenço Lopes (1705 bis 1706) und Manuel Ferreira de Almeida (1706 bis 1708) die Geschicke der Kolonie geführt hatten, sorgte Manuel de Santo António bei Domingos da Costa dafür, dass auch der neue portugiesische Gouverneur Jácome de Morais Sarmento (1708 bis 1709) anerkannt wurde. Doch es kam zum Streit zwischen Morais Sarmento und Manuel de Santo António. Morais Sarmento ließ 1708 gegen jedes Recht Dom Mateus da Costa, den Liurai von Viqueque, festnehmen und erniedrigte ihn. Domingos da Costa belagerte daraufhin Lifau bis 1709. Manuel de Santo António rettete die Situation, indem er in das Lager von Domingos da Costa ging und den Topasse-Herrscher überredete, sich doch der portugiesischen Krone zu unterwerfen. Der nachfolgende Gouverneur Manuel de Souto-Maior (1709–1714) rehabilitierte Dom Mateus.

1722 wurde António de Albuquerque Coelho zum Gouverneur ernannt, wurde aber drei Jahre lang in Lifau von den Topasse unter Francisco da Hornay II. in Lifau belagert, ebenso Coelhos Nachfolger António Moniz de Macedo (1725–1729 und 1734–1739) für eine längere Zeit. Die Topasse kontrollierten weiterhin den Sandelholzhandel im Inselinneren und den Großteil des Westens Timors. Besser wurde die Lage für die Portugiesen, als 1734 Gouverneur Macedo seine zweite Amtszeit antrat. Der amtierende Capitão mor Gaspar da Costa empfing Macedo freundlich. Gaspar ermöglichte auch den Bau des ersten Priesterseminars auf Timor in Lifau. Er residierte zu diesem Zeitpunkt in Animata, einem Ort mit 1800 Hütten, wenige Kilometer südlich von Lifau, in dem Portugiesen und Einheimische lebten. Ein weiteres Zentrum der Topasse auf Timor war Tulang Ikan.

Der Niedergang auf Timor
Dreimal versuchten die Topasse, die Niederländer von Timor zu vertreiben: 1735, 1745, 1749. Der gemeinsame Angriff von Portugiesen und Topasse auf Kupang am 18. Oktober 1749 endete, trotz Übermacht, in einem Desaster. Die Niederländer riefen ihre timoresischen Verbündeten und Marjdikers von Solor, Roti und Semau zur Hilfe. Die Marjdikers waren eine Mischbevölkerung aus verschiedenen "indischen Völkern", die sich im Gegensatz zu den Topasse nicht zum katholischen Glauben bekannten. Sie etablierten sich im Handel zwischen den Inseln und unterstützten die Niederländer. Bei der Schlacht von Penfui wurden Gaspar und viele weitere Führer der Topasse getötet. Insgesamt sollen 40.000 Krieger der Topasse und ihrer Verbündeten umgekommen sein. Infolge der Niederlage brach die Herrschaft von Portugiesen und Topasse in Westtimor zusammen. Im April 1751 erhoben sich Liurais von Servião; einer Quelle nach soll Gaspar erst hier den Tod gefunden haben. 1752 griffen die Niederländer das Reich von Amarasi an und das Topasse-Reich von Noimuti. Diesen Angriff führte der Deutsche Hans Albrecht von Plüskow. Die Niederländer nutzten diesen Feldzug auch zur Sklavenjagd, um den Bedarf der Plantagen auf den Molukken zu bedienen. Der Bischof von Malakka brandmarkte im selben Jahr den holländischen Handel von Sklaven, die auch an Chinesen und Araber verkauft wurden, als Verbrechen, das bei Katholiken zur Exkommunikation führen würde. 1755 schickte die Niederländische Ostindien-Kompanie (VOC) den Johannes Andreas Paravicini, um mit den Herrschern von Timor, Solor und Sumba Verträge auszuhandeln. 1756 schloss ein Großteil der Kleinkönige Westtimors im Vertrag von Paravicini mit der VOC ein Bündnis. Dies war der Beginn der niederländischen Herrschaft im heute indonesischen Westtimor.

Als Francisco da Hornay III. die Führung der Topasse von seinem verstorbenen Vater João da Hornay 1757 übernahm, kam es zum Streit mit den Costas über den Anspruch. Beendet wurde der Zwist mit der Heirat Franciscos mit der Schwester von Domingos da Costa II. und der Ernennung Domingos zum Generalleutnant. António da Costa, der jüngere Bruder von Domingos, wurde Herrscher von Noimuti. Larantuka wurde von Dona Maria, der Schwester von João, kontrolliert. Die Niederländer nutzten die Gelegenheit. Sie bewegten Maria dazu, einen attraktiven niederländischen Beamten zu heiraten, und brachten Larantuka somit in die Einflusssphäre des VOC.

Gouverneur Vicento Ferreira de Carvalho (1756–1759) entschied sich 1759 aufgrund der Situation, aufzugeben und Lifau eigenmächtig an die Niederländer zu verkaufen. Als die Niederländer 1760 unter Hans Albrecht von Plüskow aber Besitz von dem Ort ergreifen wollten, sahen sie sich einer Streitmacht der Topasse gegenüber. Von Plüskow wurde von Francisco da Hornay III. und António da Costa ermordet.

1766 brach Francisco da Hornay III. auch mit den Portugiesen. Er schloss im niederländischen Malakka ein Bündnis mit seinem Verwandten António da Hornay (andere Quellen nennen ihn Domingos da Costa II.) und beendete damit die zeitweilige Teilung der Topasse. Ziel war es nun, die Portugiesen zu vertreiben und Timor den Niederländern zu sichern. Der Erfolg dieses Plans sollte begrenzt sein, da die Liurais im Osten Timors sowohl gegen Portugiesen als auch Niederländer feindlich gesinnt waren.

Das erste Opfer des Seitenwechsels Franciscos war Gouverneur Dionísio Gonçalves Rebelo Galvão (1763–1765), der am 28. November 1765 von Francisco da Hornay III., António da Costa, Quintino da Conceição und Lourenço de Mello vergiftet wurde. Über die Umstände ist aber nur wenig überliefert. Die Dominikanermönche António de Boaventura und José Rodrigues Pereira übernahmen daraufhin die Verwaltung der Kolonie, bis der neue Gouverneur António José Teles de Meneses eintraf. Teles de Meneses sah sich 1769 aufgrund der schlechten Versorgungslage in der belagerten Kolonie gezwungen, Macao um Reislieferungen zu bitten, doch das Schiff erreichte Lifau nicht. Die Verbindungen zum Landesinneren wurden durch die Topasse und lokale Timoresen unterbrochen. In der Nacht des 11. August 1769 gab Teles de Meneses Lifau auf und verlegte die Hauptstadt der Kolonie nach Dili. In Lifau übernahmen Francisco da Hornay und António da Hornay die Herrschaft über die Region. Zwischen dem niederländischen Kupang und dem portugiesischen Gebiet kontrollierten sie nun 25 bis 30 Leguas der Küste mit mehreren wichtigen Ankerplätzen. Francisco da Hornay bot den Niederländern Lifau an, doch diese lehnten nach reiflicher Überlegung ab. Der Sohn von Francisco da Hornay, Pedro da Hornay, stellte sich 1787 erneut unter die Oberhoheit Portugals, weswegen Oecusse heute ein Teil Osttimors ist. Topasse, die sich in Dili ansiedelten, wurden Bidau genannt und nach ihnen ihr Stadtviertel Bidau im Osten der Stadt. Die Bidau bildeten neben den Sica und den Moradores einen der drei Teile, aus denen sich die portugiesischen Streitkräfte der Kolonie bildeten. Auch die beiden anderen Volksgruppen lebten in eigenen Vierteln der Hauptstadt.

1854 bot Afonso de Castro, der damalige portugiesische Gouverneur für die Besitzungen auf den Kleinen Sundainseln, den Holländern die Hoheitsrechte unter anderem über Larantuka zum Verkauf an. Der Vertrag wurde 1859 ratifiziert. Die Holländer schickten zwar einen Kommandanten und einen Verwaltungsbeamten, die in einem kleinen Fort residierten, aber diese verhielten sich gegenüber der Bevölkerung eher zurückhaltend. Da Larantuka nach dem Niedergang des Sandelholz-Handels wirtschaftlich nicht mehr attraktiv war, wechselten die dortigen Topasse zur Landwirtschaft. Vom ehemals profitablen Außenhandel blieb nicht mehr viel übrig.

Die Topasse heute

Formal waren die Topasse zwar Katholiken, aber die Kontrolle des Glaubens war auf Laien-Organisationen übergegangen, die dem Glauben eine eigene Richtung gaben. In Larantuka war die mächtigste La Confraria da Rainha do Rosário, die Bruderschaft der Rosenkranz-Königin, die bis heute existiert. Im holländisch-portugiesischen Vertrag war der katholischen Bevölkerung die freie Ausübung ihrer Religion zugesichert worden. Deswegen wurde in Larantuka nicht der bei den Holländern übliche Calvinismus verbreitet. Stattdessen konnten sich nun die holländischen Jesuiten bei der Kolonialarbeit engagieren. In Larantuka errichteten sie das erste Pfarrgebäude und führten wieder die orthodoxe Form des Glaubens ein. Beispielsweise durfte man jetzt nur noch mit einer Frau verheiratet sein. Die Missionare bauten auch Schulen und stellten die medizinische Versorgung der Bevölkerung sicher.

Durch die Unabhängigkeit Indonesiens konnten die Topasse in Larantuka wieder an Einfluss gewinnen. Da sie einen höheren Bildungsstand als andere Einheimische hatten, konnten sie leicht in Spitzenpositionen gelangen. Auch die neue Amtssprache Indonesisch war für sie kein Problem, da diese dem Malaiisch sehr ähnlich ist.

In Osttimor bilden die Topasse und Bidau unter den Mestizen des Landes keine besondere Volksgruppe mehr. Hier sprachen sie ein kreolisches Portugiesisch, das Português de Bidau, das aber in den 1960ern ausstarb, da die Sprecher immer mehr zum Standard-Portugiesisch wechselten. Mitglieder der Familie Costa sind auch heute noch Liurai oder Rajas in Westtimor, so António Hermenegildo da Costa in Oecusse und Antonius da Costa in Noimuti. Die Linie der Hornay ist in Oecusse ausgestorben.

In den 1950er und 1960er Jahren war der Katechist Carlos da Costa Hornay im Osten des Landes aktiv. Da er Taufpate Tausender Timoresen in Luro, Iliomar und anderen Teilen Lautéms war, nahmen viele Neuchristen die Namen Costa und Hornay als Familiennamen an. Auch in der benachbarten Gemeinde Baucau finden sich deswegen Einwohner mit dem Familiennamen Hornay.

Siehe auch
 Geschichte Osttimors
 Portugiesische Kolonialgeschichte
 Mardijker
 Balthazar-Pascal Celse

Literatur
 C. R. Boxer: The topasses of Timor. Indisch Instituut, Amsterdam 1947, (Koninklijke Vereeniging Indisch Instituut (voorheen Koloniaal Instituut)), Mededeling 73, (Koninklijke Vereniging Indisch Instituut, Afdeling Volkenkunde 24).
 Ronald Daus: Die Erfindung des Kolonialismus. Peter Hammer Verlag, Wuppertal 1983, ISBN 3-87294-202-6.
 Monika Schlicher: Portugal in Osttimor. Eine kritische Untersuchung zur portugiesischen Kolonialgeschichte in Osttimor 1850 bis 1912. Abera, Hamburg 1996, ISBN 3-931567-08-7, (Abera Network Asia-Pacific 4), (Zugleich: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 1994).
 Artur Teodoro de Matos: Timor Português 1515-1769. Contribuição para a sua história. Instituto Histórico Infante Dom Henrique, Lisboa 1974, (Série ultramarina 2).

Einzelnachweise

Historische Ethnie
Ethnie in Asien
Geschichte Portugiesisch-Timors
Geschichte Indonesiens
Portugiesische Kolonialgeschichte (Indien)
Oe-Cusse Ambeno


Your flight is just part of your adventure. While on Isle Royale, in Houghton, or Grand Marais there is plenty to do and explore. So we'd like to point you in the right direction. Here are some useful and informative links concerning Isle Royale and nearby Houghton, MI and Grand Marais, MN. We hope you enjoy your adventure!
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SportsHockeyIslanders
Barclays CEO Brett Yormark calls Isles in Brooklyn a 'rent-a-team'
Brett Yormark, CEO, Brooklyn Sports & Entertainment, speaks at a news conference to unveil the Long Island Nets new logo and uniforms at Barclays Center on March 24, 2016. Credit: Kathleen Malone-Van Dyke
By Neil Best neil.best@newsday.com @sportswatch Updated February 25, 2018 10:51 PM
Barclays Center CEO Brett Yormark on Sunday night called the Islanders "a rent-a-team" that never fully embraced Brooklyn — and vice versa — while also casting doubt on the team's planned move to a new arena near Belmont Park.
In an interview with "Sports Xtra" host Tina Cervasio on Fox 5, Yormark was asked about what went wrong with the Islanders' move to Brooklyn and said, "Unfortunately, it didn't work. We had great hopes that moving the Islanders to Brooklyn would work. Unfortunately, they were like a rent-a-team. This team never really embraced Brooklyn, unfortunately.
"Their fan base resides in Long Island. They have a great, avid fan base in Long Island. Brooklyn just didn't gravitate to the team as I had hoped they would. But I think the move next year, where they're playing 12 games back in Long Island — and after next year we'll probably play half the schedule, if not more [there] — is a step in the right direction.
"Obviously, they're looking to build their own venue. Not sure that ever happens, but if it does, I wish them well. But in the interim our goal was to bring them back to Long Island, have them play as many games as they can at NYCB Live, and that's happening, so I'm excited about it."
The Islanders' planned arena will take more than three years to complete, according to a Newsday analysis in January, which would put the opening near the start of the 2021-22 season.
In the meantime, they will play at both Barclays Center and Nassau Coliseum, both of which are under Yormark's corporate jurisdiction.
The Islanders' partners in the Belmont facility include Oak View Group, an arena development company partly funded by Madison Square Garden, and Sterling Project Development, a real estate firm run by the Mets' Wilpon family.
By Neil Best neil.best@newsday.com	@sportswatch
Neil Best first worked at Newsday in 1982, returned in 1985 after a detour to Alaska and has been here since, specializing in high schools, college basketball, the NFL and most recently sports media and business.
Bettman excited about Islanders' futureNHL commissioner Gary Bettman says he's bullish about the Islanders' future and hopes the team ... Isles to play 60 games at Coliseum for next 3 yearsThe Islanders have agreed to split their regular-season home games between the Coliseum and Brooklyn's Barclays Center in the years leading up to the opening of their new arena at Belmont Park. Analysis: Belmont arena to take over 3 years to openThe Islanders' planned arena at Belmont Park is expected to take more than three years to complete, which would put the opening near the start of the 2021-22 hockey season. But the team remains hopeful the arena can open sooner than that, according to sources.


specific. I'm not sure what else to say other than things are going great.
Sounds great to us, as well. Perhaps you have seen those thrilling Summoner ads on television -- this is one game worth waiting for! The specifics regarding the multiplayer features haven't been announced yet, but we expect both co-op and competitive modes to be available. We'll be sure to bring you any new information we might receive on the title. Head over to our sister site Inside PS2 Games for information on that powerful console; we're suspicious information about Summoner might arrive there soon.


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Cave Cavem mosaic from Pompeii
by Carole Raddato
Cave Cavem mosaic from Pompeii. It is on display at the Naples National Archaeological Museum.
Carole Raddato
Carole maintains the popular ancient history photo-blog Following Hadrian, where she travels the world in the footsteps of emperor Hadrian.
This image was first published on Flickr. Original image by Carole Raddato. Uploaded by Carole Raddato, published on 09 July 2014 under the following license: CC BY-SA. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial reasons, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.
Pompeii and Mt. Vesuivus
The excavated ruins of Pompeii in the foregreound with the volcano...
Mosaic with Musicians
Mosaic depicting musicians, signed by Dioskourides of Samos. The...
The Atrium of the House of the Faun in Pompeii
View of the large atrium of the House of the Faun in Pompeii with...
Reproduction of Madaba Mosaic Map
Reproduction of the 6th century CE Madaba Mosaic depicting the...
The Virgin and Child Mosaic, Hagia Sophia
The Virgin and Child mosaic, 9th century CE, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul...
Dog Mosaic in the House of Paquius Proculus in Pompeii
The vestibule floor of the House of Paquius Proculus in Pompeii...
Raddato, C. (2014, July 09). Cave Cavem mosaic from Pompeii. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/image/2747/
Raddato, Carole. "Cave Cavem mosaic from Pompeii." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Last modified July 09, 2014. https://www.ancient.eu/image/2747/.
Raddato, Carole. "Cave Cavem mosaic from Pompeii." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 09 Jul 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2020.


What can we say militarily about Obama's surge? Understand that in Afghanistan, 30,000 troops is a drop in the bucket. The size of the country, the wide extent of Taliban and other anti-occupier action, and the largely mountainous nature of the terrain make Afghanistan a troop sponge. A serious effort would require 300,000 more troops, not 30,000.
Obama's surge only makes strategic sense if it is intended to strengthen our position politically as a preliminary to negotiating with the Taliban. By holding a few areas in the Taliban's heartland, we might make such negotiations worthwhile for Mullah Omar. The deal would be a coalition government including the Taliban, to last until we withdrew, coupled with a promise not to invite al-Qaeda back. Is that the White House's intention? I can only say that I have seen no evidence of it.
On the operational level, we are adopting a fortress strategy: Festung Kandahar. The Taliban's operational countermove is obvious: take the rest of the Pashtun areas, isolate us in our fortresses, then work to sever the supply lines running to the fortresses, including Kabul. The Taliban is already attempting to do this; our concentration should make it all the easier.
Tactically, the Taliban will withdraw from areas where we concentrate rather than trying to defend them: "When the enemy advances, we retreat." Then, they will penetrate those areas with small raids, ambushes, IED-placing parties, and suicide bombers: "When the enemy halts, we harass." We will face a war of the flea inside our fortresses.
If we add all this up, we see that militarily it makes no sense. Of course, that is true of any military option in the Afghan war. We are fighting the Pashtun, and in the end, the Pashtun always win Afghan wars. "This time is different" is, as always, the battle cry of Folly.
So what lies behind President Obama's decision? Domestic political considerations, of course. He has done what politicians always do when faced with difficult choices: he has kicked the can down the road to a specific date, July 2011. That is when the president promises we will begin a withdrawal from Afghanistan. The date is meaningless beyond its political meaning, i.e., at that point Obama will again be faced with the same decision he just punted. With a presidential election looming, he will punt again. Meanwhile, the war's price, in money and casualties, will have risen, making it even harder to walk away from sunk costs.
The real choice Obama faced was not how many troops to send. We do not have enough troops to commit a militarily meaningful number. The real choice was to get out now or get out later. His duty as chief executive, the state of America's treasury (empty), concern for the well-being of our troops and their families, and the hopelessness of the situation all dictated he get out now. By punting the decision, he showed America and the world what he is made of. Dec. 1, 2009, was the date the Obama presidency failed.


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What to Read About the Future of Working From Home
Award-winning customer service analyst Roy Atkinson shares critical writing on the rapidly evolving landscape of distributed teams in the COVID-disrupted workplace, and curates some tips that can help your workforce pull together and share sustained success in long-haul WFH situations.
This article originally appeared on ICMI.
Since the onset of the current pandemic, working from home has been a frequent topic in the contact center world. At the same time, there has been an increase in demand for customer service; Zendesk estimates that average weekly tickets are up 24% over 2019. Managers with years of experience sitting in the contact center with their teams have sought guidance on the best ways to adjust, forecast, and monitor their teams without being physically present.
While working from home (WFH) and distributed teams—teams working together but not located in one place—are closely related, they are not the same. There are, however, lessons to be learned from each. Here is some informed writing on this rapidly evolving subject:
Some technologies will likely need to be purchased or upgraded if organizations haven't already done so, writes Mindsight in a post. The complexities of scheduling and forecasting for the staffing needs of a WFH or distributed workforce environment may require workforce management software, as well as quality management software if your company doesn't have them. While compliance with organizational policies is still required, "…it is important that especially when work-at-home is not the typical environment for employees, support and training are available. Compassion and empathy should always take the lead." While the organization has adjusted to rapidly changing conditions, so have employees, and that point should not be missed.
WFH Increases the Talent Pool
Among the reasons for enabling a distributed contact center—pandemic aside—is access to talent: "A distributed contact center allows businesses to hire the best agents, no matter their location. A distributed contact center opens the door to new pools of talent, whether they are retirees, college students, stay-at-home moms, or other professionals who prefer at-home or flexible hours," writes Business Communication Specialists (BCS) in a blogpost which also suggests:
Leverage real-time visibility to simplify management issues.
Create training that clearly spells out business processes.
Understand the impact on operations, in addition to human resources and IT.
Consider privacy regulations.
Ian Jacobs of Forrester writes that "brands need to tackle mandates such as GDPR, HIPAA, PCI, and CCPA. Outside of North America and Europe, agents may not have the needed infrastructure, such as reliable telephone and internet service, at home."
Jacobs goes on to ask the questions that are now on everyone's lips as restrictions are being lifted: What happens if agents feel they are forced to come into an environment which they feel is not safe? Will they trust the employer, or look for outside opportunities when job prospects improve?
Remember to support your distributed workforce
Veronica Krieg urges companies to give their team the support and resources they need in her post on Customer Think. She includes data from Buffer's State of Remote report for 2020, which says that 98% of respondents would like to work remotely, at least some of the time, for the rest of their careers.
This echoes the Forrester post in asking what happens after the stay-at-home orders are lifted? Data quoted in Krieg's article indicates that there are distinct advantages to a WFH model beyond the current situation. Companies who allow remote work, she writes, reported the following benefits:
85% of companies see increased productivity
90% of companies improve employee morale
77% of companies reduce their operating costs
Krieg covers both tips for managers and some obstacles that might stand in the way of WFH strategies, including:
Your team doesn't have the right technology to work from home
Kids and pets are distractions from work
Feelings of isolation
Keeping the communication lines open and using video are recommended for helping both agents and managers cope, according to Krieg.
A Guide for Shifting to WFH:
Also on CustomerThink, Andrew Mort offers a seven-point plan for shift to WFH. Without elaboration, the seven points are:
Select your software.
Review your workforce to mitigate risk.
Establish robust security protocols.
Create remote working policies.
Schedule webinar learning sessions for agents.
Ensure necessary bandwidth.
These points address the People, Process, and Technology aspects of WFH for your contact center and point the way to a successful business continuity plan for now and for later.
When the pandemic hit and stay-at-home orders were issued, many contact centers were scrambling to find good WFH solutions and practices. Now that we are seeing restrictions ease and businesses reopen, will contact centers simply revert to the way things were?
Conversations with various organizations suggest that social distancing protocols and worker sentiment will probably dictate that the near future will bring a mix of return to the workplace and WFH. How that mix will work depends on your industry vertical, the needs of your customers, and the state of your company's technology.
WFH will not work in every situation, but if our experience during the pandemic has shown that WFH can work, and in some extreme circumstances must work for businesses to remain in operation.
What happens next? No one knows, but we're hoping these shared insights can help you think through the decisions ahead.
Roy Atkinson serves as CEO and Principal Advisor for Clifton Butterfield, LLC, a business advisory practice, and is one of the top influencers in the service and support industry. In addition to many other lists in 2020, he was named one of "The Top 50 Customer Service Experts of the Decade (2010-2020)" by Nextiva, one of the "Top 150 Global Customer Experience Thought Leaders and Influencers of 2020" by SurveySensum, and one of the "Top Ten CX Contact Center Influencers You Need to Follow" by Shelf.
Tag(s): supportworld, business intelligence, communications skills, people, teamwork, practices and processes, process, productivity
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Through the nature walk in oasis is possible to know the environment of the dam. Between rows of poplar trees of myrtle and mastic, while a kingfisher on a willow branch scrutinizes the body of water of one of the ponds that populate the area, you may proceed to a careful reading of the surrounding landscape and natural habitat diversity that compose it (river, lake, hills). On the way morphological, botanical and faunal components of the area are placed under observation. Thanks to the analysis of these elements is possible to realize the variety of ecosystems and the delicate balance of relations intervening and who knows...with a little bit of fortune is also possible to scrutinize an otter or his imprint.
The animated tours at the Oasis River Alento can be structured to provide for a full day or half day at our structure. The ½ day includes: guided tour "THE DAM AND MONITORING SYSTEMS", the " NATURE WALK IN OASIS ", "BOTANICAL GARDEN" The whole day includes: guided tour "THE DAM AND MONITORING SYSTEMS", the " NATURE WALK IN OASIS ", "BOTANICAL GARDEN"; a laboratory chosen from those of manual (RECICLARTA, ECOPLASTICA), botany (HERBARIUM), biology (HYDROBIOLOGY, CELLS AND TISSUES AT MICROSCOPE, FOOD WEB, SOCIAL INSECTS), physics and chemistry (WATER), geology (ALENTO'S ROCKS AND LANDS), archeology (ARCHEOGIOCANDO), ASINANDO. In addition you can make the BOAT TOUR with an additional charge of €2.00 per student. Half day: €5.50 per student. Full day: €10.00 per student with laboratory. Boat tour: €2.00. A guide for every 35 students; teaching materials for insights in class, access to the picnic area. There is the possibility to eat at the restaurant inside the Oasi River Alento.


and I feel my lungs expand and relax in the cool, sweet air.
I sense my breathing slow as the door closes behind me.
As I move towards the centre I hear your heartbeat – a gentle, steady, comforting pulse.
It soothes my weary mind.
You are here; I sense the change in the atmosphere.
The clanging din from outside is far away from me now.
The tall walls of this refuge – your home – hug me tightly.
I hear the echo of my feet as I tap across the stone floor.
Shafts of light squeeze through the shutters, eager to catch a glimpse of this moment.
I feel your eyes upon me and I know your pleasure.
It's just you and me; just how we like it.
You tell me I can stay as long as I like.
and your hands catch me and draw me close.
I would like to dance cheek-to-cheek forever.
That would be heaven to me.


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RHA announces the S500i, an ultra-compact in-ear headphone [RELEASE]
Following the successful launch of new flagship in-ear headphone, the T20, earlier this year, award-winning audio manufacturer RHA has announced a new entry-level proposition, the S500i.
The new product will feature an ultra-compact design in aluminium, made possible by a high performance micro dynamic driver. The 140.1 model driver promises faithful listening experiences, having been engineered to deliver vibrant, immersive and detailed sound reproduction.
"The S500i is for those seeking an affordable, compact in-ear headphone that doesn't sacrifice sound or build quality," explained Lewis Heath, Product Director at RHA. "By developing a micro dynamic driver that can offer exciting, full range sound reproduction and using aluminium alloy housings, we've been able to make the product incredibly small and lightweight and therefore comfortable for any size or shape of ear. I'm excited for people to experience it at IFA in Berlin this year."
In addition to offering a three-button remote and microphone for use with compatible Apple devices, the S500i's 1.35m cable also features a two part material design; the upper half using a traditional TPE finish and the lower half featuring a tangle-resistant, fabric braided outer. Accessories include seven pairs of silicone ear tips in a variety of designs and sizes with holder, a fabric carry pouch and clothing clip.
With an MSRP of £39.95 / $49.95 / €49,95, the S500i in-ear headphone carries a three year manufacturer's warranty and will be exclusively available through the Apple Store Network from October 2015. The S500, a version of the product without remote and microphone will be available from all sales channels later in 2015 with an MSRP of £29.95 / $39.95 / €39,95.
The S500i will be exclusively unveiled at Europe's biggest consumer electronics trade show, IFA, in Berlin, Germany next month. Attendees can visit Halle 1.2, stand 102 from 4-9 September 2015 to audition RHA's latest product.
Will you be in Berlin for IFA and want to check out the S500i? What do you think of RHA's latest product? Let us know by visiting the RHA Facebook page (DE/FR), or firing us a tweet @RHA!


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Father of 4
B003010501
Release Date: May 31st 2019
As one third of the internationally known hip-hop group, Migos, Offset, launches his first solo album, FATHER OF 4. The album debuted at #4 on the Billboards Top 200 chart, and includes a roster of features by Cardi B, Travis Scott, 21 Savage, 2 Chainz, Gucci Mane, Big Rube, Gunna, J. Cole and CeeLo Green. His collaborative project with 21 Savage and Metro Boomin, "Without Warning", peaked at No.4 on the Billboard 200 in 2017. The last Migos album, Culture II debuted at #1 on Billboard 200.
Label Quality Control
Genre Hip Hop
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French future conjugations are, along with the conditional, the easiest in the entire language. Regular verbs and the majority of irregular verbs use their infinitives as the future stem, and there is a single set of future endings for all verbs.
For -er and -ir verbs, add the future ending to the infinitive.
For -re verbs, remove the final -e from the infinitive before adding the future endings.
For stem-changing and the few irregular future verbs, add the future ending to the irregular future stem.
French future stems are identical to conditional stems.