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20 astonishing facts about the A380 superjumbo
(CNN) — Beloved by passengers for its spaciousness and comfort, but disliked by airlines because of its running costs, the Airbus A380 has already entered its sunset years, even though it debuted commercially just 14 years ago.
Its final chapter was brought into sharper focus this week, when Airbus delivered the last ever A380 ever made to its new owners, Emirates, ending 18 years of the aircraft's production.
The superjumbo was conceived at a time when larger planes carrying hundreds of passengers between hubs were an attractive proposition, but by the time it started flying, a different business model — smaller planes connecting smaller airports — had taken over in the aviation industry.
The biggest airliner ever produced, however, has amassed a following and even though a significant portion of the fleet won't survive the pandemic, news of the airplane getting back into the air have electrified those who specifically look out for it when making flight reservations.
Now several airlines — including Emirates, British Airways and Singapore — are offering long-haul flights on the superjumbo again.
Whether you plan to catch a flight on an A380 while you still have the chance or not, here's our pick of the 20 most interesting facts about this unique aircraft.
1. Bigger than ever
As the only full-length double decker passenger aircraft ever built, the A380 is so large that it could, in theory, carry a maximum of 853 passengers if all seats were economy class. However, no airline has ever fitted out an A380 like that: the highest recorded capacity is 615 people in a two-class (economy + business) configuration.
2. Wires for miles
Wired for flight: Each A380 has more than 300 miles of cabling.
Gideon Mendel/Corbis/Getty Images
Each A380 contains over 300 miles of electrical cables and wiring, and installing them proved so challenging that some of the initial delays with the production of the aircraft were blamed specifically on the wiring. In 2009, Airbus streamlined operations by speeding up the installation of the brackets that hold up the wiring — there are up to 80,000 in each aircraft.
3. Turbulent air
The size and weight of the superjumbo can cause problems to smaller planes closely following it — a phenomenon known as "wake turbulence." In 2017, a small private jet flipped in the air when it crossed paths with an A380. Recent guidelines suggest that light aircraft should wait four minutes before taking off or landing on the same runway that was just used by an A380.
4. A serious paint job
Blank canvas: It takes a lot of paint to decorate an A380.
Etienne De Malglaive/Getty Images
It takes 950 gallons of paint to cover the entire 38,000-square-feet surface of an A380. A regular layer of paint adds 1,400 lbs of weight to the plane. The process usually takes about two weeks.
5. No need to pack light
The cargo hold of an A380 can carry up to 3,000 suitcases, and two loading belts — one at the front and one at the back — can be used simultaneously to speed up the process.
6. A true globalist
Each A380 is made of 4 million individual components, produced by 1,500 companies from 30 different countries. They all used to converge via road, air and sea to Toulouse, in the south of France, where the final aircraft was assembled.
7. A chance of showers
Splashy feature: The A380 has room for showers.
Pawel Dwulit/Toronto Star/Getty Images
8. More room than a basketball court
With its full-length double deck, the A380 offers almost 6,000 square feet of usable floor space, about 40% more than the second largest airliner, the Boeing 747-8.
9. Loved by Emirates
By far the largest operator of the A380 is Dubai-based Emirates, with 123 orders, followed by Singapore Airlines with 24. In total, 14 airlines have ordered and flown the A380. When Emirates canceled an order for 39 A380s in early 2019, Airbus decided to cease production of the aircraft altogether, by the end of 2021.
10. You can own a piece of one
Drink it in: Emirates has been selling off the bar from a retired A380.
Nicolas Economou/NurPhoto/Getty Images
While it has only just taken delivery of the last A380 ever made, Emirates has already retired the first one it acquired 14 years ago and handed it over to be recycled and turned into furniture items. Among items listed for pre-order at the Dubai Airshow in November were coffee tables made out of wheels, clocks made from wing fuel panels and the airplane's entire 24-meter-tall tail. Also up for grabs was the plane's fancy upper deck bar.
11. The secret compartment
With a cockpit crew of three and up to 21 flight attendants, the A380 has the largest crews of any airliner. The galley area has enough room for five people to work simultaneously, and crew members can rest in a "secret" area found in the third deck (the cargo one at the bottom), complete with bunk beds and a private restroom.
12. Not for everyone
Snug fit: Munich's A380 adaptations.
Courtesy Munich Airport
The A380, due to its size, can't be operated at all airports and many had to undertake modifications to be able to handle the superjumbo. In Munich, special hangar doors needed to be built to accommodate the aircraft's tail. Airbus says that 140 airports worldwide are compatible with the plane, and over 400 can accept it in case of an emergency landing.
13. The longest flight
Emirates operates the A380's longest scheduled passenger flight: Dubai to Auckland, 8,800 miles and over 17 hours in the air. In 2019, Qantas flew one of its A380s back to base in Sydney from Dresden, Germany, after refurbishment. The plane was empty and flew for over 18 hours and about 10,000 miles.
14. The shortest flight
Singapore Airlines has announced it will offer the new shortest A380 flight in the world: a quick hop of only 180 miles between Changi Airport in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. Previously, Emirates held this record with a flight from Dubai to Muscat, Oman, which clocked in at around 210 miles.
15. The cargo version that never was
Cargo-only: The A380's canceled freight version.
When Airbus launched the A380 in December 2000, it offered a cargo version called A380F, designed to compete with the equivalent cargo-only models of the Boeing 747. UPS and FedEx both initially placed orders for the plane, but after its release was delayed they canceled them, leading to the cancellation of the A380F program itself.
16. Flappy wings
During takeoff, the A380's wings flutter so much that they flex upwards by as much as 13 feet. That's a lot, but not as much as aircraft with a higher amount of composite materials, such as the Boeing 787, whose wings can flap by as much as 25 feet.
17. Jumbo depreciation
The list price of an Airbus A380 was about $450 million, without factoring in discounts, which are common. The current fleet value, however, has plummeted: one estimate says that a 2005 model is now worth just $77 million, and a like-new A380 built in 2019 just $276 million.
18. Two per wing
Thirsty workers: The A380 has four jet engines.
Frank Rumpenhorst/DPA/AFP/Getty Images
The plane's four engines are both one of its most distinctive factors and a drawback, as they require more fuel than twin-engined jets. They are made by either Rolls-Royce in the UK or Engine Alliance in the United States, and can lift the airplane's maximum takeoff weight of 650 tonnes to cruising altitude in 15 minutes.
19. No US buyers
One of the main reasons why the A380 was never a commercial success is the fact that not a single US airline ever bought the plane. Major European carriers such as Air France, British Airways and Lufthansa did, but in small numbers. By the time the A380 was available, US carriers had already moved away from jumbo planes and towards more fuel-efficient, twin-engined aircraft such as the Boeing 787 and the Airbus A350.
20. A partial comeback
Lufthansa has decided to retire its A380 fleet.
Thomas Lohnes/Getty Images
The pandemic hit the aviation industry hard, and the A380 harder. Lufthansa and Air France never put their A380s back into service after they were grounded, deciding to retire their entire fleets instead, while Qatar sent half its fleet to permanent storage. On the flip side, Qantas, British Airways, Emirates, Qatar, Singapore, All Nippon and Korean Air have all announced that they are restarting A380 service.
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Rising mortgage rates are no reason to panic buy
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When did George VI become king of UK?
Title: When did George VI become king of UK?
📌 Which important event took place on 4 July 1776?
📌 Which university did Harold Wilson attend?
📌 Who of the following was executed for his relationship with Catherine Howard?
📌 How did Catherine Howard die?
📌 When did Freya Stark die?
📌 In Ireland foolish jokes are told about which people?
📌 When did Pitcairn Islands come under the jurisdiction of British High Commissioner for the Western Pacific?
📌 What was Robert Clive's designation when he returned to India in 1765?
📌 Who offered Michael Faraday the job of laboratory assistant?
📌 When was John Constable born?
📌 When did Peter O'Toole die?
📌 Robert Louis Stevenson joined Edinburgh University to become an Engineer. What did he become?
📌 Viceroy's House was the most famous building designed by Edwin Lutyens. How is it presently known?
📌 When did Daniel Defoe die?
📌 Where did Joseph Rotblat die?
📌 From which constituency was Clement Attlee elected to Parliament in 1922?
📌 What was the immediate cause of mutiny on 10 May 1857?
📌 Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine's mother?
📌 When did Winston Churchill become Home Secretary?


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Jenna Jameson is in the hospital and unable to walk after being diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Over the weekend, Jameson's partner, Lior Bitton — with whom she shares 4-year-old daughter Batel Lu — revealed on Instagram that she was in the hospital undergoing tests after "not feeling so good."
The ex-porn star had been throwing up for two weeks before going to the hospital last week, only to be sent home, Bitton explained.
"Then she came back home and she couldn't carry herself," Bitton said in a video on Saturday. "Her muscles in her legs were very weak. So she wasn't able to walk to the bathroom. She was falling on the way back or to the bathroom, I would have to pick her up and carry her to bed. And then within two days, it got really not so good, her legs started to not hold her, she wasn't able to walk."
Jenna Jameson is currently undergoing treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome.
WireImage; Jenna Jameson/Instagr
The Israeli businessman took Jameson back to a hospital where more testing occurred and it was determined that she was suffering from Guillain-Barré Syndrome.
According to the CDC, it is a "rare, autoimmune disorder in which a person's own immune system damages the nerves, causing muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis." The symptoms can last from weeks to several years. Most fully recover but some have permanent nerve damage.
In an Instagram Story, Bitton announced that Jameson was being given a high dose of immunoglobulin therapy.
Jameson's partner Lior Bitton with their daughter, Batel.
Jenna Jameson/Instagram
"She's doing physical therapy to try and stand on her legs, but at the moment she cannot stand on her legs. They're starting the treatment so they'll see how it goes. So keep praying."
On Monday, Jameson posted a video confirming her diagnosis, thanking fans for their good wishes before writing: "I did NOT get the jab or any jab. This is NOT a reaction to the jab. Thank you for your concern." (Jameson has previously espoused anti-vaccine views on her social media.)
Jenna Jameson loses ability to walk, diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome was last modified: January 11th, 2022 by Tina Sanders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Electret microphone
Find sources: "Electret microphone" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Electret condenser microphone capsules
A typical electret microphone preamp circuit uses an FET in a common source configuration. The two-terminal electret capsule contains a FET which must be externally powered by supply voltage V+. The resistor sets the gain and output impedance. The audio signal appears at the output, after a DC-blocking capacitor.
An electret microphone is a type of electrostatic capacitor-based microphone, which eliminates the need for a polarizing power supply by using a permanently charged material.
An electret is a stable dielectric material with a permanently embedded static electric dipole moment (which, due to the high resistance and chemical stability of the material, will not decay for hundreds of years). The name comes from electrostatic and magnet; drawing analogy to the formation of a magnet by alignment of magnetic domains in a piece of iron. Electrets are commonly made by first melting a suitable dielectric material such as a plastic or wax that contains polar molecules, and then allowing it to re-solidify in a powerful electrostatic field. The polar molecules of the dielectric align themselves to the direction of the electrostatic field, producing a permanent electrostatic "bias". Modern electret microphones use PTFE plastic, either in film or solute form, to form the electret.
Electret materials have been known since the 1920s and were proposed as condenser microphone elements several times, but they were considered impractical until the foil electret type was invented at Bell Laboratories in 1961 by James West and Gerhard Sessler, using a thin metallized Teflon foil.[1][2] This became the most common type, used in many applications from high-quality recording and lavalier use to built-in microphones in small sound recording devices and telephones.
Types[edit]
There are three major types of electret microphones, differing in the way the electret material is used:
Foil-type or diaphragm-type
A film of electret material is used as the diaphragm itself. This is the most common type, but also the lowest quality, since the electret material does not make a particularly good diaphragm.
Back electret
An electret film is applied to the back plate of the microphone capsule and the diaphragm is made of an uncharged material, which may be mechanically more suitable for the transducer design being realized.
Front electret
In this newer type, the back plate is eliminated from the design, and the capacitor is formed by the diaphragm and the inside surface of the capsule. The electret film is adhered to the inside front cover and the metalized diaphragm is connected to the input of the FET. It is equivalent to the back electret in that any conductive film may be used for the diaphragm.
Unlike other condenser microphones, electret types require no polarizing voltage, but they normally contain an integrated preamplifier, which does require a small amount of power (often incorrectly called polarizing power or bias). This preamp is frequently phantom powered in sound reinforcement and studio applications. Other types simply include a 1.5 V battery in the microphone housing, which is often left permanently connected as the current drain is usually very small.
^ "Patent US3118979: Electrostatic transducer" (PDF). www.freepatentsonline.com. United States Patent Office. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
^ Juang, Lynn. "Foil Electret Microphone: Sessler & West (1960)". Bell Labs, Multimedia Communications Research Laboratory. Archived from the original on February 4, 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Sessler, G.M.; West, J.E. (1962). "Self-biased condenser microphone with high capacitance". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 34 (11): 1787–1788. doi:10.1121/1.1909130.
Powering microphones
Explanation of construction
Rane schematic
Integrated Circuits for High Performance Electret Microphones — Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper
Apply Electret Microphones to Voice Input Designs App Note
Electret Microphone Amplifier Circuit with Arduino code and tutorial
Stetron schematic
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electret_microphone&oldid=845757445"
American inventions


Wisdom teeth, the four molars at the back corners of your jaw are often removed because they frequently cause problems, including infection, gum disease, and damage to other teeth. Wisdom teeth removal in Melbourne is generally considered safe because of the many benefits it offers. Dentists and oral surgeons often recommend wisdom teeth removal as a preventative strategy to relieve wisdom teeth pain and other major oral complications. Many researchers report that, "most peoples' mouths are too small to fit four extra teeth." This leads to crowding, pain, infection and swelling in the wisdom teeth area. Even though wisdom teeth removal is a minor surgery, but requires careful aftercare for proper healing.
A common question that arises in the minds of people getting wisdom teeth removal is whether its right to drink soda after getting the wisdom teeth removed. The answer is drinking carbonated soda just after having your wisdom teeth pulled can lead to problems.
There are few misconceptions among the public that drinking soda through a straw may be a good idea after tooth extraction, but the fact is the suction needed to draw the liquid up through the straw can dislodge blood clots. Also, using a straw to drink soda will not reduce the amount of bubbles, or keep them away from the extraction sites.
In ancient days, carbonated soda was made from naturally carbonated water but only in 1772, the British scientist Joseph Priestly added sulfuric acid onto chalk resulting in carbon dioxide. This carbon-di-oxide makes the bubbles in your soda.
Today, most sodas contain large amount of sugar and sodium which results in tooth decay and drying to the tissues inside of your mouth respectively.
Many dentist and oral surgeons offer conscious sedation to the patients and performs wisdom teeth extraction under a general anesthetic. The erupted wisdom teeth are removed using dental pliers and if the teeth aren't properly evolved the removal process may involve cutting open your gum tissue to free the tooth. Removing the entire teeth leaves an empty socket which should be taken proper care of.
So, the dental team advices to keep a gentle pressure on the gauze that will be packed into your tooth socket to control bleeding so that the socket can form a clot. Brushing, rinsing and flossing should be avoided at least 24 hours to escape from dislodging of blood clot.
Carbonated drinks should be avoided because the bubbles formed by the carbonation process can dislodge the blood clot that needs to form in order for the tooth socket to heal. If the clot gets dislodged before it forms completely can lead to alveolar osteitis, or dry socket. Dislodging blood clot after removing wisdom teeth in Melbourne reduces the chance of the bone tissues to heal and causes severe pain which needs medical attention from your doctor or oral surgeon.


We are pleased to announce Requests for Proposals for two distinct initiatives: the President's Global Innovation Fund and the Global Scholars Program.
This message outlines the resources available through the Office of Work/Life's School and Child Care Search Service, describes the admissions policies for The School at Columbia University, and shares information about other schools with connections to the University.
The fund awards grants for faculty members to leverage and engage the nine Columbia Global Centers. The program supports projects within and across these sites, in order to increase global opportunities for research, teaching, and service.
Announcing the Request for Proposals for the Columbia Global Scholars Program, a joint initiative of the Office of Global Programs and the Columbia Global Centers.
Guidance for Columbia community members planning international travel.
We invite you to take advantage of the resources of the Center for Teaching and Learning, and to join the University community at the upcoming Celebration of Teaching and Learning Symposium.


The octopus is one of my favourite Mediterranean creatures. They're intelligent, abundant and truly fascinating with their astonishing camouflage skills. Just take a look at this video I shot while out snorkling.


Pizzelles are a big thing around our house. My husband has some fairly strong Sicilian roots, and he takes his Italian desserts seriously. One of his favorites? Star Anise Pizzelles. We don't eat them often because 1) we rarely eat wheat and 2) we eat them ALL in one day because we have no "off" switch with these tasty discs.
It's a cookie and a cone!
But the suggestion that hit home for me was Cashew Ice Cream. Here's why: I wanted to make a homemade version and have been experimenting with fast paleo recipes that don't require a chemistry lesson from Mr. White or a trillion special ingredients.
Mr. White tells it like it is.
Because ice cream should be easy and simple and thoroughly satisfying. And if we can make it healthy-ish, even better.
My favorite Sicilian gave me two thumbs up, which is hard to do. He loves ice cream. He loves pizzelles. Healthy ice cream in a quinoa pizzelle? He's in foodie love.
This takes some serious power so I suggest using a NutriBullet (what I use) or a BlendTec or Vitamix type of blender. The banana is very solid and it could damage your less-powerful blenders.
Take frozen banana pieces and blend until smooth. You will probably have to pulse it first several times, and then scrape down the sides of the blender before you blend.
Once banana is thoroughly blended, add the rest of the ingredients and blend until incorporated. Be careful not to over blend, or your ice cream will be more like a warm milkshake.
Pop in the freezer for 30 minutes to firm up a bit, or eat right away. Top with chocolate chips, nuts, or blueberries.
If you want to try your hand at making mini-waffle cones, this quinoa flour recipe is perfect if you omit the baking soda.
Really, the possibilities are endless when you are using banana as the base. I'm going to get creative this summer and see how many variations I can make. Because ice cream.


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Numeri Àtic (en llatí Numerius Atticus) va ser un senador romà de rang pretorià, que va tenir el seu moment de glòria quan a la mort de l'emperador August va dir que l'havia vist com ascendia al cel. Aquesta història l'expliquen Dió Cassi i Suetoni.

Referències

Senadors romans del segle I

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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const FactionCharacterCostReducer = require('../../reducer.js').FactionCharacterCostReducer;

class GardenCaretaker extends FactionCharacterCostReducer {
    constructor(owner, cardData) {
        super(owner, cardData, 1, 'tyrell');
    }
}

GardenCaretaker.code = '01188';

module.exports = GardenCaretaker;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The Constant Gardener
Fernando Meirelles (Germany/UK, 2005, 129 min.)
A beautifully shot adaptation of John le Carr�'s thriller by the same name, The Constant Gardener does its part to proliferate the cinematic photostrip. Justin Quayle (Ralph Fiennes), a British diplomat to Kenya, learns early in the film that his wife, Tessa (Rachel Weisz), has been killed. As the plot unfolds, and Tessa's death looks less and less accidental, Justin begins to investigate his wife's affairs in hopes of finding out the true cause of her death.
The photobooth appearance in this film requires nary a mention, and I barely caught it as I watched this film. As Justin's friend and co-worker Sandy Woodrow (Danny Huston) rifles through one of Tessa's desk drawers we catch a glimpse of a photostrip. Neither person in the photostrip looks like any major character in the film. Later in the film, Justin returns to the UK for some fact-gathering and there is a short scene in a subway station. Here we see a photobooth in the background. It isn't an old-school 4-pose booth, but it is a chemical booth, and as such I decided to include it.
Contributed by Tim
This quick glimpse of a photostrip appears around the 45 minute mark. Curiously, the two figures in the photostrip are unknown to the viewer.
Around the 1:05 mark, we are treated to a London Underground photobooth.


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The Salon Doré, West Wall
The Salon Doré a magnificent early Neoclassical period gilded room now hosed in the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington D C is one of my favorite period 18th century French rooms in America. I saw this room first in 1999 right after it was restored and last in Aug of 2007 when I was in D. C. for two weeks for my birthday. The Salon Doré was commissioned by Pierre Gaspard Marie Grimaud d'Orsay (14 December 1748 - 3 January 1809, Vienna), comte d'Orsay, was a Great collector of sculptures, Old Master paintings and drawings (which most of his collection now in the Louvre).
Research has shown that while it was clear that the original cornice and ceiling mural remained in Paris, other minor elements also remained in place at the hôtel de Clermont – with plaster copies being sent to the United States. For instance, the medallions above the doors were originally carved from wood – but the Corcoran medallions are plaster replicas.
The amazing flower paintings that decorate the door panels are of bouquets of cut flowers that are represented in a naturalistic fashion tied with a ribbon on the upper doors and in Neoclassical urns on the bottom doors.
He acquired in 1768 the hotel de Saissac (now hotel de Clermont), 69 rue de Varenne, Paris. This had been built for Jeanne Therese Pelagie d'Albert de Luynes, marquise de Saissac, in 1708, and Pierre had it rebuilt by Pierre Convers, Jean Augustin Renard et Charles Joaquim Benard, with the old ground floor bedroom made into The Salon Doré, Construction of the Salon Doré began in early 1770 was finished in late 1770, just in time for the comte's wedding. Its early neoclassical style marked a return to the order of classical antiquity – with gold leaf Corinthian pilasters that framed gilded carved trophies set in boiserie (intricately carved wood paneling). Enormous mirrors made of four sections of glass with floral garlands, interlacing ribbons,, which alternate with the pilasters and are set in frames with rectangular corners. Antique style medallions above the doors held up by putti (cupids), where vestal virgins tend the flame of Love or make sacrifices to it, rich cornices, and in general, symmetry and a formal clarity. The rather elaborate ceiling mural – an allegorical depiction of the arts and the four seasons was originally in the next room the dinning room of the house. The ceiling of the salon was decorated with L'Apotheose de Psyche on canvas by French artist Hugues Taraval. Unfortunately this ceiling did not follow the paneling to the United States. It was moved to the Hotel Veil-Picard and was eventually destroyed during the demolition of that building in 1970.
The Louis XVI style Fireplace with mantel is made of Marble from Senator Clarks Maryland quarry and dates to the early 20th century. It has beautiful Neoclassical Parisian gilt-bronze ormolu mounts.
Clock of the Vestals Carrying the Sacred Fire 1789 by Pierre-Philippe Thomire gilded, patinated, and painted bronze, Sevrès porcelain, enamel on copper, and marble belonging to French Queen Marie Antoinette
The Clock of the Vestals marked the passing of the hours in Queen Marie-Antoinette's boudoir, or private sitting room, in the Tuileries Palace in Paris, adjacent to the Palais du Louvre. The royal family was forced to move there in October 1789 after a mob of Parisians attacked the palace at Versailles, the official residence of the king for more than a hundred years. In the Tuileries the king and queen held court in gilded splendor, but they were state prisoners nonetheless. Their last unhappy days together were passed in this palace, before they were permanently separated in the mean quarters where they awaited their executions in 1793
Neoclassical gilt-bronze ormolu andirons date from circa 1770-75. Each has a classical goat head altar at the top and the head of Medusa on the base.
Built for the occasion of the wedding, the decor of the room was meant to be a symbol of marital unity, and of military virtue – hence the floral garlands, putti, and trophy panels depicting motifs such as love and victory. As part of the decoration, certain chairs upholstered with Gobelins tapestries woven with bouquets of flowers on a red crimson background, and console tables with tops of Antique veined alabaster were specifically designed to be placed against the walls. This type of architectural furniture was considered to be an extension of the decorative paneling, and was not meant for use.
Victory trophy panel
When looking at the gold leaf closely you will see that two kinds of gold leaf was used to originally gild the 18th century room. A bright yellow gold and, for the highlights, a "green gold" that derives it's color from it's silver content were utilized in the Salon Doré. The final step of the process of gilding, details were highlighted by burnishing the gold with an agate stone.
Other furniture was designed to be used, and arranged within the space – including console tables, a rolltop desk, a card table, a sofa, six fauteuils (armchairs), eight chaises à la reine (flat-back chairs), and four bergères (upholstered armchairs). These chairs were simpler than the architectural ones, in that their frames were uncarved – however, as a sign of wealth, gilding was added.
This Renovation constituted an important step in the evolution of the new Neoclassical taste, and contributed to his entry into aristocratic circles of the Faubourg Saint-Germain.
He married Marie Louise Amélie de Croÿ (1748-1772), princesse de Croÿ-Molembais, daughter of Prince Guillaume François de Croÿ et Princess Anne Françoise Amélie de Trazegnies, on December 31, 1770. Earlier in 1770 Pierre Gaspard had been raised to the title of comte by Louis XV.
Marie-Louise and Pierre had one child, Albert-Jean-François-Louis-Marie Grimaud (June 15 1772-1843). (Albert was later called "the beau d'Orsay", and was in turn father of the dandy Alfred Guillaume Gabriel, Count d'Orsay.) Marie Louise died giving birth to him, and Pierre (a patron of the arts like his father) began traveling Europe for consolation, gathering famous collections of Old Master paintings and Antique sculptures. On his travels he also found a new wife, Marie Anne de Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein, of the house of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Battenstein, whom he married on August 22, 1784. The couple moved to Germany in 1787, meaning that - on the outbreak of the French Revolution two years later - Gaspard's property in France was seized, he was declared an Émigré, and they were left in the poverty in which he died.
The original window curtains are describe in a Inventory drawn up after the death of Marie Louise the comte's wife. They are Two window curtains made of four pieces of crimson damask with the whole being adorned with a band of imitation gold and estimated all together at eight hundred livres. The red background of the Gobelins tapestry on the gilded furniture would have matched the great curtains of crimson damask and given the salon it's dominant colors of crimson and gold, colors that were used for the decoration of the Royal apartments. Today the curtains are reproduced from a 1781 drawing of a window wall by the same architect Chalgrin. They are the perfect crimson, champagne and cream silks with golden passementerie all hand woven and hand made in France.
More than a century later, an American millionaire, Senator William Andrews Clark, purchased the Salon Doré, and had it installed in his nine-story Fifth Avenue mansion, that in 1908, the New York Times called "New York's Most Expensive Private Mansion". Having traveled extensively to Europe, Senator Clark grew particularly fond of France, and wanted the Fifth Avenue home that he was constructing to be a "French palace". Because the square room was reconfigured to fit a rectangular space, the existing elements had to be rearranged, and new elements added – including 2 windows, a glass paned duble door, 4 pilasters, and two additional carved and gilt trophy panels (Theatre and Sports) all dateing from the early 20th century mixed into the 18th century elements.
For reasons unknown The original cornice and ceiling mural remained in Paris, other minor elements also remained in place at the Hôtel de Clermont – including the carved wood Capitals for all of the pilasters with plaster copies being sent to the United States.
With the inclusion of European period rooms being a popular affectation for the wealthiest of American residences. This type of business flourished around the turn of the century. Although some of the first documented 18th century Boiserie to cross the Atlantic to America was brought over by Boston collector Peter Parker. He acquired eight ornately carved and gilded Neoclassical Boiserie panels from the circular salon of the Hôtel de Montmorency in Paris in 1848. Shortly after the Hôtel de Montmorency was demolished. Mr Parker built a mansion called Deacon house incorporating the 18th century boiserie. See a earlier blog post titled "18th century Boiserie/paneling at the Boston Museum of Art".
Carved and gilded boiserie ( wood Paneling) has always been perceived as being movable since the carved panels were originally created in workshops and then transported to their intended destinations. Dismantling interior decoration was therefore not an unusual practice in France.
Sports trophy panel made for Senator Clark early 20th century
addition a new cornice and capitals were made from plaster – as the originals had remained in Paris, along with the original painted ceiling. For reasons unknown, Clark purchased a ceiling (painted on canvas) from an adjacent dining room of the hôtel de Clermont, and had it installed in the salon.
Huguette Marcelle Clark was the youngest daughter of former U.S. Senator and industrialist William A. Clark. was born in 1906 and recently died in May 24, 2011 two weeks short of her 105th birthday. living to be 104! Huguette Clark, made international news for her vast fortune, and extremely reclusive ways. The last known photograph of her was taken in 1930. Clark's will was filed on June 22, 2011 in Surrogate's Court. The last will and testament was made in 2005 and left 75% of her estate, about $300 million, to charity. Her longtime nurse, Hadassah Peri, received about $30 million, her goddaughter, Wanda Styka, received about $12 million and the newly created Bellosguardo Foundation $8 million. Other employees who managed her residences received smaller sums. Her attorney and accountant each received $500,000. One of Claude Monet's 250 oil paintings inspired by Water Lilies (Nymphéas) in his Giverny flower garden was bequeathed to the Corcoran Museum of Art. She purchased the 1907 painting from Galerie Durand-Ruel in 1930.
Upon his death in 1925, the Senator's vast collection of art, including the Salon Doré, was bequeathed to the Corcoran Gallery of Art. Clark's will had named the nearby Metropolitan Museum of Art as primary benefactor – however board members of the museum passed on the bequest, feeling that they were unable to accommodate certain restrictions and stipulations. Three years later, the Clark wing of the Corcoran opened to the public
The Salon Doré, South Wall (Theatre Trophy Panel) made for Senator Clark early 20th century
The Salon Doré, South Wall (Theatre Trophy Panel)
Over the next seventy of so years, the condition of the room began to deteriorate – due to a lack of climate control, several misguided restoration attempts, and the fact that the windows were often left open, enabling dirt and other pollutants into the space. From 1989 to 1993, the Corcoran undertook a major renovation of the Salon Doré. Using 18th century techniques, and materials ranging from garlic to more than 30,000 sheets of gold leaf, a team of French artisans was able to remove more than two centuries of wear and tear, breathing new life into the lavish, 18th century neoclassical drawing room.
Detail of the Trophy panel depicting Love.
Interestingly enough, the 19th century owners of the hôtel de Clermont, the Duchâtel family, went to considerable lengths (and expense) to have replicas of the Salon Doré paneling cast in plaster, and reinstalled in the room original room. It is unclear as to what may have motivated the sale of the originals, as the family was more than economically secure. Perhaps the initial intent was to sell the copies as well.
Trophy panel depicting Arts and Sciences
The rather elaborate ceiling mural – an allegorical depiction of the arts and the four seasons was originally in the next room the dinning room of the house.
To day, the original hôtel de Clermont room functions as Government office space – as the residence is now owned by the French Government, housing offices for the French Parliament. What a wonderful building with so much history to have a office! If traveling to D.C., I highly recommend seeing of the finest 18th century French period rooms in America check out the Salon Doré and the Corcoran Gallery, – it's such a fantastic example of the ostentatious luxury that once categorized interior decoration in Mid 18th century Europe
Posted by andrew1860 at 10:08 AM
Richard Cottrell October 7, 2011 at 1:32 PM
Yummy. one can never have too much gold gilt or fine damask. Thanks as usual for sharing. Richard from My Old Historic House.
Divine Theatre November 11, 2011 at 10:41 PM
Ornament Schnitzer October 31, 2012 at 2:21 PM
HUMMMMM GREAT TROPHY PANELS
Intricate Whispers November 10, 2015 at 9:07 AM
Is this room still in the Corcoran building, even though the museum is now officially closed? Or has it been moved somewhere else?
andrew1860 November 10, 2015 at 9:16 AM
Sorry I don't know. it's been some years since I have been there!
John Carter January 6, 2016 at 10:57 PM
Nice stuff dear. I like it single diamond rings & Round diamond rings
Dennis Cory September 26, 2017 at 4:03 AM
This magnificent room was a study project for us young design students in Washington,DC. But we didn't have all the fine research details you provided here; thanks for letting me become a student in the Salon Dore again.
bellissima la pendule di pier philippe thomire
The National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
The Salon Doré, the Corcoran's 18th-century gilded...
America's first nude sculpture "The Greek Slave" b...


In the particular French context, the AIRE Centre became involved on the legal scene through a third party written submission before the British court of Appeal in the Secretary of State for the Home Department v ZAT & Ors  EWCA Civ 810 (02 August 2016).
The AIRE Centre also got involved on the ground through some work I carried out in different circumstances in France, and this is what I would like to share in this note.
Thanks to Mrs Nuala Mole, I became involved in this project working with a group of barristers from Garden Court Chambers and the Bar Human Rights Committee (BHRC).
The BHRC carried out a two-day fact finding mission in March 2016 in two camps in Northern France, namely Calais and Grande Synthe, the latter being a camp run by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). Please note that these camps based are unofficial and therefore there was no official presence of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR).
The BHRC mission was undertaken by two executive members of the BHRC and me, acting as an interpreter, translator and researcher.
The mission focused on the endemic and systemic police brutality in and outside the camps against the displaced population residing in said camps and the excessive use of tear gas contrary to international law.
The police brutality is mainly caused by the CRS (Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité, founded in 1944), also known as the riot police. Supported by the Legal Shelter (La Cabane Juridique), the displaced population, victim of this brutality, have managed to lodge complaints before the Prosecutor of the Republic at the Tribunal de Grande Instance of Boulogne-sur-Mer. The Legal Shelter recorded more than 70 complaints. Challenges faced by this team are multiple but the transient residential nature of the victims means that many have moved on before the hearings. During a recent trip in Calais, I actually met with the lawyer in charge of these files, who confirmed there has been no convictions reached even when the evidence provided was very strong e.g. videos or pictures, and medical certificates. In a recent decision, the Tribunal did not reach a conviction as "the facts of violence were a legitimate use of force in accordance with the law, provided that such use of force respects the principle of proportionality".
There are also currently some ongoing investigations before the Inspection Générale de La Police Nationale (The Police of the Police, IGPN); however, this is usually a very lengthy and bureaucratic process.
On 4 April 2016, Nicola Braganza, a UK barrister from Garden Court Chambers, decided to organise a training for to both private French lawyers and NGOs caseworkers and lawyers in Calais. Ms Braganza set up a team of UK barristers, solicitors and me, as a simultaneous English/French interpreter to deliver this training on asylum process in the UK and the Dublin Regulation 604/2013 of 26 June 2013 (Dublin III). The training was well received and, as a result, collaboration between British and French lawyers was envisaged. A further training was delivered on 16 September 2016.
and clashes between the police forces and the population regularly occur.
- One of the most important reasons, many inhabitants of the camps already have families in the UK, and speak the language.
- The general opinion among the camps' inhabitants is that in Britain they will be treated with common decency, respect, and would not live in such deplorable conditions.
- Also, the vast majority of associations and volunteers helping the refugees in the camps are from the UK, not France, despite the camp being located in Calais.
- Austere job prospects, harsh employment laws which make it very difficult for people to find jobs, regulations that prevent refugees from seeking employment for months and sometimes years, and growing hostility towards refugees are all motivating people to seek asylum in the UK rather than in France.
To answer the question asked by the organisers, I do believe that there is more than one crisis.
Focusing on the French context, one will notice challenges at different levels: At the local and regional levels, local and regional authorities are under tremendous pressure to close the camps and decisions are leading national charities and French lawyers to start legal challenges. The CAOs (Centres d'Accueil et d'Orientation) at the departmental level cannot host all the unaccompanied minors currently present in the camps as set out in the French legal framework.
The situation in Calais concerns 10,000 displaced persons according to NGOs based on the ground (and 6,000 individuals according to French authorities). This figure is the object of important political and media attention, and has become a divisive and polarising issue in French public opinion. One can wonder to what extent this "topic" of the current refugee crisis is used to disguise important economic and societal issues that France is has been facing for years, and particularly the high rate of unemployment that is currently standing at 9,9 % of the active population.
· The European Union needs to support the countries which are at the forefront of the refugee crisis in a sustainable and efficient way.
· The European Union could support the provision of training to legal professionals in countries where the need is acute e.g. France, Greece, and Italy.
· Temporary educational facilities for children and unaccompanied minors should also be provided so as to ensure their right to an education as enshrined in both international and national law.
· Last but not least, the civil society throughout this crisis has adopted an exemplary attitude when the States did not fully engage with the displaced populations as per their international obligations under the 1951 Geneva Convention. We should carry on practising greater solidarity in this time of humongous human and structural challenges in Europe. I felt compelled to mention the exceptional example of MOAS (Migrant Offshore Migrant Station). Christopher and Regina Catrambone, two young entrepreneurs and humanitarians, founded the Malta-based MOAS after witnessing a lack of response to hundreds of individuals drowning in October 2013 off the Italian island of Lampedusa. Feeling compelled to act, they used their private funds to launch MOAS just four months later. They purchased the 40-metre (130-foot) Canadian fishing boat MY Phoenix and converted it into a search-and-rescue vessel with a trained search-and-rescue crew, a pair of six-metre (20-foot) rigid hull inflatable boats and two remotely piloted Schiebel Camcopter S-100s. In August 2014, MOAS became the first private rescue ship in the central Mediterranean when it began a 60-day operation off the coast of Libya. By the time the operation ended in late October, the MOAS team had performed 10 rescues and administered aid to more than 3,000 migrants.
• The reports published by Refugee Rights Data Project (RRDP, a British NGO and registered charity). RRDP aims to fill information gaps relating to refugees and displaced people in Europe by conducting their own independent field research. They are independent of any political ideology or religion. One of the first reports entitled "The Long Wait" was published in April 2016. This report is a result of 870 individuals interviewed (men, women, and children representing 15% of the camp during that period) carried out within a week after the demolition of the Southern part of the camp at the end of February 2016. This represents the largest data collection in Calais. It focuses on the camp's demographic composition, the living conditions and the police and civilian brutality.
• Still Waiting: This report focuses on the questions "Why do you want to go to the UK? and "what information is most important to you?" [Date of research: 4 July – 19 August 2016].
• The Unknown Knowns: This account refers to five discrete settlements around Calais and the living conditions within these smaller camps. It also raised serious concerns about human rights violations and unmet humanitarian needs. [Date of research: 23-27 June 2016].
• ACAT (Action des Chrétiens pour l'Abolition de la Torture (ACAT). ACAT is a Christian human rights NGO established in 1974. It is an association Loi 1901, and is recognised of public interest (association reconnue d'utilité publique).
• And, finally, the report by Bournemouth University's civic media hub and the Omega research foundation can also be read.


text:
Trees In Trouble: Grim Future For Frankincense The wise men would be one gift short at the manger — frankincense, one of the gifts given to the baby Jesus, is now in short supply. The trees from which the fragrant resin is produced are declining, and in 15 years, frankincense production could be cut in half.
Trees In Trouble: Grim Future For Frankincense
Trees In Trouble: Grim Future For Frankincense 2:15
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Frankincense comes from the Boswellia sacra tree, which grows mainly in the Horn of Africa. The number of trees that produce the fragrant resin could decline by 90 percent in the next 50 years. scott.zona/flickr hide caption
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The original Christmas presents were gold, frankincense and myrrh. That's what wise men brought to the baby Jesus, according to the Gospel of Matthew. Frankincense is still used today — for perfumes, incense and traditional medicines — but a new study suggests that its future looks grim.
The trees that produce this fragrant resin are in serious trouble, says Frans Bongers, a forestry expert at Wageningen University in the Netherlands. He says production of frankincense could be cut in half in just 15 years. And in the next 50 years, tree numbers could decline by 90 percent, according to his new study published in the Journal of Applied Ecology.
Frankincense comes from various species of Boswellia, a tree that mainly grows in the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. People make cuts in the bark and let the tree sap ooze out. After it hardens into yellowish lumps, they come back to collect it, and then make more cuts. "And so they come back every two weeks for the whole dry season, and that's about nine months," Bongers explains.
He and colleagues monitored forests in Ethiopia with thousands of frankincense trees for about two years, comparing plots where trees were tapped with plots where trees were left alone.
They found that the forests were declining, regardless of whether they were tapped for frankincense or not. In general, they found big, old trees that were dying at an alarming rate, possibly because of insect attack.
Meanwhile, they found a dearth of younger trees. Bongers said they mainly saw just tiny seedlings in the grass. "They do not grow into a sapling, and they do not grow into a new tree," says Bongers.
He says that's because they burn up in fires set by farmers or are eaten by grazing cattle.
The only hope of preserving frankincense is to set aside large areas, to let young trees get established, says Bongers. But that's a hard case to make when local people are struggling to make a living.
"People say, 'Well, yes, we do understand, but at the same time we have to survive,' " he says. "So I'm realistic on this, I think."
Already, in some countries, like Yemen and Oman, says Bongers, the frankincense is almost gone.


Tyre pressure figures were falsified by employees to flatter mileage rates, the company said.
Company bosses, including Mitsubishi Motors president Tetsuro Aikawa, bowed deeply at the start of a press conference on Wednesday afternoon in Tokyo.
"The wrongdoing was intentional. It is clear the falsification was done to make the mileage look better. But why they would resort to fraud to do this is still unclear," he said.
The inaccurate tests involved 157,000 of its own cars and 468,000 vehicles produced for Nissan.
Mitsubishi said it would investigate whether figures were altered for any vehicles sold overseas.
It is Japan's sixth-largest car maker and sold more than one million vehicles last year, but has less than 1% of the UK market.
Mitsubishi struggled for years to regain consumer trust after a defects scandal in the early 2000s that covered up problems such as failing brakes, faulty clutches and fuel tanks that fell off vehicles.
This is the first time that a Japanese car maker has reported misconduct involving fuel economy tests.
In 2014 South Korean car makers Hyundai and its affiliate, Kia, agreed to pay $350m in US penalties for overstating their vehicles' fuel economy ratings. They also resolved claims from car owners.
Mitsubishi's announcement follows on from the Volkswagen's emissions scandal last year, in which it was found to have cheated diesel emissions tests in the United States and elsewhere.
VW is recalling millions of cars worldwide as a result of the scandal and has set aside €6.7bn (£4.8bn) to cover costs.
It resulted in the company posting its first quarterly loss for 15 years of €2.5bn in late October.


Locate an image on the web, right-click on the image to find its url (e.g., copy image URL) , paste it into the Insert from URL box, insert into post.
>View all sizes>Choose a small image and right click on the image. In Firefox browser, choose copy image location, in Internet Explorer—choose properties and copy the URL. Paste the image URL into into the Insert from URL box. Provide credits to the image in the captions field. Link back to the image and insert the image into the post.
Look for the "Upload/Insert" button that looks like a camera above the tool bar. When you click on that button, a dialog box will appear offering you the option to upload an image from your hard drive. Drag your file from the computer into the box or click on Select Files, locate your file and click Open. You will get a dialog box asking you to title the image, as well as to provide a caption and description (both of which are optional) and the option to change size. Once you are done, click on the "Insert into Post" button and you are done.
PROTIP: Once you've uploaded an image, you can re-use it by going to the Gallery tab (if it's attached to the current post) or the Media Library tab (if it's anywhere else on your blog) from the "Add Media" dialog.


text:
The American Spring Bears Poisonous Fruit
By: Terresa Monroe-Hamilton
Hat Tip: Judy W.
Persephone ate 6 pomegranate seeds after being abducted by Hades, thus condemning her to 6 months a year in the Underworld and 6 months above with the Gods of Greek mythology.
Once upon a time there was a bright, shining city on a hill… An evil, so vile as to level the city bore down upon it with its hellish dark army and vicious commanders rejoicing in the destruction of freedom's only stronghold. I wish this were a fairy tale, then I could tell you that there would be a happy ending, but I cannot. However, there is an evil witch involved – enter stage left Frances Fox Piven wickedly casting her Occupy spell over America:
The Occupy Wall Street movement is entering the phase where it "makes trouble."
"We'll see action against the banks, against the corporations."
Different forms of protests that will engage many people.
Occupy was helped by "sympathetic" press coverage.
For those of you who say that Piven and Soros are old and toothless, you'd better face their evil in its totality. Just because you don't believe they want to bring us down, doesn't mean they don't believe in it wholeheartedly. Piven will revel in the chaos this spring and summer. She passes out poisonous fruit in the form of class warfare and hatred like candy. Soros is using his billions to reshape the world in his image and foment as much mayhem as he can in order to garner himself ever more power and wealth. Both of these people fancy themselves as divine beings, rather than what they really are – old spiders spinning killing webs with the help of useful idiots, the Occupy Movement and Anonymous.
Piven is predicting the Occupy Movement is entering the phase where it "makes trouble" and will soon be taking action against banks and other institutions.
"It may well be that the Occupy movement is now in its second phase, in the phase where it makes trouble, in the phase where it threatens to shut down institutions," Piven said. "The Occupy movement has moved into the neighborhoods of our cities, it has moved into the schools….This spring, we'll see action against the banks, against the corporations."
Piven went on to spew more wealth redistributionist venom:
"The people who were sitting on top of the world, the top-tenth of the top 1 percent, were guilty. They were guilty of thievery, of chicanery."
From The Blaze:
The Occupy Movement has indeed partaken of the poisonous fruit offered to them. But there will be no prince to awaken them when they fall and God tends to turn His back on those who choose the wrong side.
Piven is certainly not alone in her efforts. From People's World:
There's another springtime swirling here: the rebirth of the Occupy movement. Organizers, "citizens of the Internet," global activists and undoubtedly the infamous Black Bloc are planning to make a journey to the city that gave birth to May Day and the fight for the 8-hour day beginning on International Workers Day, May 1.
Now, pledging non-violence, Occupy Chicago and Adbusters, the group that brought us Occupy Wall Street, have sent out calls far and wide via YouTube, Tumblr and Facebook for 50,000 to descend on Chicago in May. Why? That's when Chicago will be hosting meetings of G8 and NATO, two of the most powerful multilateral groups in the world, representatives of the global 1%. G8 represents the eight largest capitalist economies in the world and NATO is their military force.
Don't let the fact that Obama has moved the G8 meeting to Camp David distract you. That move was a gift to the Occupy Movement. It telegraphed that they are a force to be reckoned with, to be respected, to be feared… Obama just strengthened the movement ten fold. The NATO meeting will still occur in Chicago allowing the Occupy Movement to fully display their communist wares for all to see in Chicago – the very heart and soul of corruption. The irony is not lost on me that the top dogs who are decrying the 1% are in fact, the 1% themselves. This isn't about fairness or the wealthy – this is about power.
And what nefarious gathering would be complete without the treasonous Bill Ayers and Bernardine Dohrn combo? Whackiness is sure to follow in multiple dark forms. From Bill Ayers:
The tiny fraternity of concentrated wealth and power that calls itself the Group of Eight (G8) is meeting in Chicago in mid-May, overlapping with representatives of history's largest global military cohort, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), the gently self-named military behemoth dominated by the US.
Heads of state, spooks, foreign ministers and generals, cabinet members and secret operatives, advisors and bureaucrats— the 1% of the 1%—plan to gather in barricaded opulent surroundings while coordinating and conspiring to extend and defend their obscene wealth, to exploit the remaining fossil fuels, natural resources, human labor and the living planet to the last drop, and to dominate the people of the global majority.
A 1984-style national security dragnet is descending on the city to attempt to lock Chicago down. Chicago's Mayor is concocting a culture of fear, suggesting that it is the human resistance to NATO/G8 that represents danger, outside agitators, violence and invasion. Universities and schools are being urged to close early in May; communities of color are told that this is not their concern; merchants are preparing for assault. In reality, NATO/G8 represents the masters of war; it is they who are the greatest purveyors of violence on this earth.
NATO/G8 will not be alone in Chicago: Occupy's 99% will gather in a festival of life and peace, joy and justice. Two permitted, family-friendly rallies at the Daley Center and marches for justice, jobs and peace are scheduled on May 18 and 19 (and perhaps another on May 21). Music, dance, teach-ins and peoples' tribunals will overflow the parks and theatres. We will all be there to open Chicago back up. In the spirit of the Arab Spring and Occupy, the Madison labor struggle, the Pelican Bay hunger strikers, teachers and nurses, the Dream youth, returning veterans against the wars, women insisting on reproductive dignity, foreclosure resistance, LGBTQ equality and,many more, Adbusters, CanG8, Code Pink, Portoluz and others have called for people to come from near and far, armed with their spirit and their creativity, pitching their tents and staking their claims.
We're excited and you're invited: Come to Chicago, May 18-May 21. Bring a sleeping bag, and if we have room, you can stay with us on the Southside.
Mayor Rahm Emanuel has made it entirely clear that he alone will happily host NATO/G8, but that the 99% are decidedly not welcome. He has funding to further arm and mobilize the police and militarize the city; he has announced plans to contain and suppress demonstrators; he has pushed through legislation that restricts and criminalizes free speech and assembly, and requires insurance for public demonstrations; he is issuing a steady stream of pronouncements about Chicago-under-siege from ominous and dangerous outside forces.
But Chicago is big enough for all—it is after all a nuclear-free and cease-fire city, cradle of the Haymarket martyrs and the 8-hour day, labor and peace actions, vast civil rights and immigration rights manifestations, home of Ida B. Wells Barnett, Jane Addams, Richard Wright, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Studs Terkel. The rich and the powerful do gather here, but Chicago is a public space with historic parks, monuments, neighborhoods and streets for popular mobilizations as well—Chicago belongs to all of us. We underline the right—the moral duty—to dissent and demonstrate, to resist and to be heard, to participatory (not billionaire paid for) democracy. Mayor Emanuel can still change course, and he should; so far he has obstinately and foolishly chosen to frame mid-May solely in military and security terms.
The mayor, not the popular resistance, is creating conditions—once again—for a police riot in Chicago against people who have every intention and every right to assemble peacefully deploying humor and music, art and play, civil disobedience and imagination to forcefully express rejection of imperial and permanent wars, to challenge racial/ethnic/gender discrimination and hate, to demand justice, education, health care and peace, women and gender dignity, the opportunity for meaningful work and reversing epic income disparities, an end to mass incarceration, and the urgent need to shift course and live differently for the sake of the planet and future generations.
Join us in Chicago in May (or, if you can't come, act in solidarity—Occupy the suburbs, cities, and communities across the land): stand up for civil and human rights, exercise your voice and be a witness, act up and speak out. Be part of a wave of people power, creative direct non-violent action, and the most vast, determined resistance in memory.
History calls!
Occupy the future!
Another world is possible!
Deception, thy name is Ayers. Rahm Emanuel is actually part of the movement, carrying out a brilliantly choreographed chess maneuver to forward the bottom up, top down, inside out endgame of this whole event (or should I say 'emergency'). The whole movement is classic Cloward and Piven strategy. Overwhelm the system, bring down the nation, control the people. Occupy are the lemmings off the cliff. Revolt, cry havoc! and let slip the dogs of war, whatever it takes… but don't question your leaders and backers. Certainly don't look at their motives too closely.
And somewhere in the mix, you can bet Van Jones will appear as a leader if not 'the leader' of the movement.
"You're going to see an evolution now as you go from protests, keep the protests, but now expand into politics," Jones said. "And if you thought there was an earthquake in 2010 when the Tea Party moved into politics, wait until this 99 percent movement moves over into politics. You haven't seen anything yet."
Jones said the movement is "going to be recruiting 2,000 candidates to run for office now under this 99 percent banner" as Occupy Wall Street enters "phase two."
"Phase two, you move from anger to answers. You move from pointing out the problem to pointing out the solutions," Jones said. "What you're going to see now is you have the Occupy movement at the center, that's the beating heart."
The Occupy Movement and Anonymous are the poisonous fruit of the American Spring. Everyone that touches it becomes tainted. They are being used by elites such as Piven, Soros, Van Jones, Ayers and Dohrn to bring down our Constitutional Republic once and for all. Their ilk has been at it for over a hundred years and they think victory is so close they can almost taste it.
Conservatives need to unite behind their chosen candidate and stand on strong conservative principles if they are to survive. We cannot be divided and defeat Barack Obama and the machine that supports him. We won't survive another four years of his Marxist game plan. We need to make sure that the Progressives taste their own poisonous fruit and that we keep to the untainted fruits of our labor while trusting in God and the incredible vision of our founding fathers. Our American Fall needs to be an American Revival that cleans out our halls of government and ushers back in a moral, ethical and prosperous future for America — a harvest of the pure and righteous fruit of the Constitutional garden.
Posted in Authors, Constitution, Financial, Politics, Survival, Terresa Monroe-Hamilton, Terrorism	| 23 Comments
Two Days After Blocking Keystone Pipeline – Obama Says He's Doing "Everything He Can to Help You Save Money on Gas"
Read more at Gateway Pundit…
Nation of Islam Newspaper Attacks 'Minion of the Synagogue of Satan' Glenn Beck for Farrakhan Comments: 'We Will Not Allow Such Vicious Assaults'
Posted in Politics, Religion, Survival, Terrorism	| 2 Comments


VIPER FORCE SDN BHD was incorporated on 21st April 2011 where its formation in accordance to its Memorandum & Articles is to render private agency solutions and trading security products. The company is wholly owned by the former 8th Inspector General of Police, Tan Sri Dato' Seri Musa Bin Tan Sri Haji Hassan's family held through limited shares.
Subsequent to the incorporation, by May 2011 the company was awarded with the private security and investigation licence by the Ministry of Home Affairs which allows Viper Force Sdn Bhd to render private agency solutions in accordance Private Agency Act 1971.
Guards are very polite & helpful.
Perkhidmatan yang diberi sangat bagus.
Officers are well manner. Polite officers will gain more confidence of the residents.


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Angry Video Game Nerd: The Movie è un film del 2014 diretto da James Rolfe. Pellicola indipendente statunitense, è basata sulla serie di videorecensioni The Angry Video Game Nerd, ideata dal regista stesso.

Trama
La storia è incentrata intorno alla sepoltura di oltre un milione di copie del "videogioco peggiore di tutti i tempi", ossia E.T. per Atari 2600. I fan del Nerd chiedono ossessivamente a questi di recensirlo, e - sebbene egli in un primo momento rifiuti - si lascia convincere. Inizierà così la sua ricerca nel tentativo di recuperare una copia del gioco, sepolto insieme a molti altri nel Nuovo Messico. Tuttavia ad ostacolarlo ci saranno le autorità federali e l'esercito, i quali credono che egli stia facendo ricerche nell'area 51 sullo schianto di un misterioso oggetto volante non identificato.

Produzione
Nel 2010 è stata ufficializzata da Rolfe la produzione del suo primo film, The Angry Video Game Nerd: The Movie, che viene girato in California con l'aiuto del suo amico Kevin Finn. Nello stesso anno Rolfe annunciò il completamento del copione del film.

Distribuzione
Il 10 novembre del 2012, dopo due anni dall'annuncio ufficiale del film, James ha distribuito un trailer ufficiale sul suo canale YouTube.

Il film è stato presentato in anteprima il 21 luglio 2014 ad Hollywood ed è stato distribuito il 2 settembre 2014 in download a pagamento su Vimeo. Il budget del film, che ammonta a più di 325.000 dollari statunitensi, è stato interamente finanziato tramite crowdfunding.

Note

Voci correlate
 James Rolfe
 The Angry Video Game Nerd

Collegamenti esterni

Film commedia d'azione
Film commedia fantascientifica
Film indipendenti
Film basati su altre opere
Film direct-to-video


Back when my eldest son was born, I had a list of things to do to prepare for labor and delivery and then caring for him as a newborn, but knew virtually nothing about how to prepare for life after my baby was here. I didn't even think about postpartum symptoms beyond the soreness of giving birth. But, here's the thing: Our bodies go through a lot after childbirth, way beyond the physical discomfort down there, and during those first weeks of recovering at home and nursing a newborn, there are certain supplies that can help the tough stuff go more smoothly.
Now that I've given birth to three boys, I can honestly say that I've probably experienced all of the postpartum symptoms I've read about (and maybe some additional ones, too!). So, I've had plenty of opportunities to test the many products sold to help moms recover from childbirth, as well as adjust to life with a newborn. Here are the postpartum essentials I've relied on. Is there anything that you'd add to my list?


Rainforest Cruises brings you on the adventure of a lifetime - trekking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu. To hike the Inca Trail is more like a pilgrimage, as you develop and strengthen relationships with fellow travelers, each sharing a common destination, the majestic and awe-inspiring Citadel of Machu Picchu.
The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu Trek is of moderate difficulty, but passengers should be in reasonable physical shape prior to arriving in Peru. Being prepared will make your experience more enjoyable, allow for more time viewing the beauty of the Andes, and less time gasping for breath while clutching your hiking pole!
No reviews yet for this trip. Browse other reviews below for Rainforest Cruises.
Upon arrival at the Cusco airport, you are met and taken to the city, where you have some time to relax and acclimatize to the altitude. Drink plenty of coca tea and take it easy, so you can enjoy your afternoon city tour. Your tour takes you to the principal historical and archeological sites of Cusco, before returning to your hotel. Evening at leisure.
Machu PicchuTransfer to the Sacred Valley for an inspiring visit to the market of Pisac and Ollantaytambo. The Inca utilized the Sacred Valley for farming, but it also held important spiritual and religious significance, as many important structures grace the area. Enjoy your active tour, which should assist you to take on the demands of the Inca Trail the next day.
Inca Trail to Machu Picchu Today is the first day of your trek. You are escorted to the entrance point by your guide, where your tickets are collected. You cross the Vilcanota River and begin your climb into the Andes. You arrive at the Wallabamba campsite for the night, where you enjoy your first evening under an Andean sky.
Dead Woman's PassToday is the most difficult day on the Inca Trail. You climb 1,200 meters to Dead Woman's Pass, which is situated at nearly 4,200 meters above sea level. From there you descend to your campsite for a much needed rest. Enjoy a dinner recounting the day's achievements with friends and family.
Inca Trail HikeYou will notice that today's hike presents a change in scenery. As you leave the higher altitudes and descend toward Machu Picchu, the flora becomes more tropical. Today's hike allows for visitation of several archeological sites and for many is one of the most enjoyable. Make sure to pack a poncho to stay dry, in case of rain.
Cusco Inca Trail Today you arrive at the majestic citadel of Machu Picchu. Enjoy the sights and sounds of this incredible structure after four days of physical exertion. You enjoy a guided tour of the ruins, and in the afternoon take the train back to the Sacred Valley where you can rest and recuperate in your comfortable hotel.
Peru Amazon ToursAfter an exciting visit to the Andes, it is time to return home. You can enjoy some free time in the morning before transferring to the airport for your flight home. Rainforest Cruises hopes that your Inca Trail hike has been a success! We would like to express our deepest appreciation for traveling with us!


PGSD Limited was asked to quote for circa 300 metres of artificial lawn by Heston Primary School.
Having been awarded the project, we dug 65mm below the concrete edging and laid 50mm of type 1 base which was compacted down with a roller.
Our team then added 15mm of sharp sand compacted.
We then laid the Ascot lawn to the prepared areas.


413.032 Purpose.—The purpose of this act is to further the policy of the state to encourage and assist blind and other severely handicapped individuals to achieve maximum personal independence through useful, productive, and gainful employment by assuring an expanded and constant market for their products and services, thereby enhancing their dignity and capacity for self-support and minimizing their dependence on welfare and need for costly institutionalization.
History.—s. 1, ch. 74-236; s. 4, ch. 78-323; ss. 6, 7, ch. 81-11; ss. 1, 4, ch. 82-46; ss. 3, 4, ch. 88-37; s. 5, ch. 91-429.


Four Paws Adventures currently serves the South East Valley and the North Valley - please view our service area map on the left. Some services may be available in an expanded area for an additional mileage fee. Four Paws Adventures is expanding! Click here to receive an email when we expand to your area!
What days do you offer Doggie Field Trips?
Hound Hikes and Dog Park Excursions are offered Monday through Friday.
Why should I choose Four Paws Adventures instead of doggie daycare?
Because we pick them up, tire them out, and drop them off! Four Paws Adventures provides small group socialization, fresh air, personal interaction, fun photos of each adventure, and the comfort of your dog's familiar surroundings after their trip. Would you rather spend the day in a small concrete room with twenty other people or in the fresh air with a few of your best buddies?
Why should I choose Four Paws Adventures over dog walkers?
You can be assured of professional, insured and bonded service. Unlike neighborhood kids or part-time dog walkers, we take your dog's fun very seriously! Most pet sitters offer neighborhood dog walking at a rate of $18-25 per half hour. Four Paws Adventures offers exciting Doggie Field Trip packages that include transportation, a minimum of an hour and a half adrenaline pumping activity, tasty treats, towel service, and paw cleaning, for around $30 per trip! Plus every trip includes photos of that day's adventure in your dog's personalized photo album in our Gallery.
All new canine clients are evaluated in order to determine their suitability to requested services and existing groups. All dogs must be six months or older, be licensed, be spayed or neutered, and have current vaccinations or vaccine titers. Dogs with worms, fleas, and/or ticks are not accepted until successfully treated. Dogs which have shown aggression toward other dogs are not accepted for group trips.
Four Paws Adventures does not offer dog training, but we will work with you and your trainer to reinforce any current training which you are working on. We offer fun and adventure but we always gently encourage our canine clients to respect the ExPAWdition Leader and the other dogs!
It is Four Paws Adventures' job to insure the safety of our canine clients. Dogs are never let off leash during hiking trips - it is illegal and dangerous. During rattlesnake season, hiking is limited to well used trails where wildlife is frightened away from the trail by continuous traffic. Trails are wide enough that the dogs are always able to stay on trail and out of the brush and cacti. The ExPAWdition Leader carries a canine first aid kit and knows the location of the nearest veterinarian to each trail in case of emergency.
We've all heard dog park horror stories; however, dog parks are much less crowded during the weekdays. We are experienced in handling dogs, always monitor the situations to which clients are exposed, and are specially equipped to break up doggie disagreements. Dog parks that Four Paws frequents all have multiple enclosures so that clients can be moved to a new area if there is another dog which causes concern. Dog park groups are limited to three dogs per trip, per handler, so you can be sure your dog is getting personal interaction and supervision. Dogs are grouped by size and/or temperament. Even small dogs can have their day at the dog park!
What about the heat in Arizona?
The Four Paws Adventures' Wag Wagons are crate equipped, well ventilated, and climate controlled. Every adventure includes plenty of filtered water and the dogs are monitored closely for signs of heat exhaustion. During the hot summer months hiking services are not offered, but a morning trip to a local off leash park is a fun and exciting adventure!
How do you pick up my dog while I'm not home?
Four Paws Adventures is insured, bonded, and reputable. You will be asked to provide a key to your home or access to your yard during the introductory meeting. This key will only be used for scheduled visits and is never marked or stored with your name or home address.
Payments are accepted via personal check, PayPal, or cash. All services are prepaid. Payment can be made with a credit card via PayPal without having a PayPal account - just click on the PayPal button at the bottom of the Services page.
Because services are prepaid, Four Paws Adventures does not currently charge a cancellation fee. Refunds are not offered, but your dog's adventure will be rescheduled. If you do need to cancel, please provide as much notice as possible. Four Paws' clients are on regular schedules, but reschedules and last minute requests can often be accommodated.
How often should my dog go on Doggie Field Trips with Four Paws Adventures?
That depends on your dog's condition and activity needs. Four Paws Adventures can take your dog out five days per week or can offer special "break-up-the-work week" outings. We do ask that you schedule your trips on a recurring weekly basis to be sure that we can keep our canine clients in the social circles best suited to them.
How will I know if my dog had fun?
Check out the day's adventures on the Gallery page of our website! Your dog will have his or her own photo album in the Gallery where you can view photos of your dog in action!
How do I get my adventure hound signed up?
Call 602-617-6419 or click here to request a free introductory meeting. The introductory meeting takes about one half hour. Please be prepared to provide a key to your home or yard, proof of current licensing, a veterinarian receipt showing commonly accepted vaccinations or vaccine titer due dates, and payment.
Please click here to email Melanie.


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2019 NBA All-Star Game Returns To Charlotte NC After Bathroom Law Change
May 25, 2017 by Kate Atkinson
NBA All-Star Weekend was supposed to be played in Charlotte, North Carolina, last year but it never happened due to a controversial bathroom bill.
Charlotte Hornets have just announced that NBA All-Star Weekend will finally be played in Charlotte in 2019, two years after the professional basketball league made the decision to move it from Charlotte to protest the state's HB2 law.
NBA All-Star game coming to Charlotte in 2019 – https://t.co/vK758lY8Ap https://t.co/aewuUq8tzS #BuzzCity pic.twitter.com/5ciUUECGpK
— Charlotte Hornets (@CHornetsNews) May 24, 2017
The HB2 law, also known as the Charlotte bathroom bill or, more officially, as the Public Facilities Privacy and Security Act, nullified local ordinances around the state that would have expanded protections for the LGBT community. Therefore, Charlotte – and other cities including Raleigh, Chapel Hill and Durham – declared that Transgender people who have not taken surgical and legal steps to change the gender noted on their birth certificates had no legal right under state law to use public restrooms of the gender with which they identify.
Thankfully, the HB2 bill has since been repealed, although some believe the repeal didn't go far enough.
"While we understand the concerns of those who say the repeal of HB2 did not go far enough, we believe the recent legislation eliminates the most egregious aspects of the prior law," NBA Commissioner Adam Silver stated on the issue.
He also added that he hopes this is a step in changing Charlotte for the better.
"Sports have a long history of helping to change attitudes around important social issues. We believe holding our All-Star activities in Charlotte will be a powerful way for the NBA to continue this tradition."
2019 NBA All-Star Game will take place in Charlotte at the Spectrum Center Sunday, 17 February.
Watch Childish Gambino In New 'Spider-Man: Homecoming' Trailer
Ariana Grande Suspends Tour After Manchester Attack
Future Announced World Tour, Coming To Australia
You'll Be Able To Buy Nike From Amazon Soon
Prodigy From Mobb Deep Dead At 42
4:44 Is A New Jay Z Album, Listen To Teaser Of New Single Here
Listen Out 2017 Lineup Finally Announced
Beyoncé Has Allegedly Given Birth To Her Twins
June 15, 2017 by Kate Atkinson •et; Sport
Date And Location Confirmed For Mayweather Vs. McGregor Superfight
The long-awaited boxing match between UFC superstar Conor McGregor and five-division boxing world champion Floyd Mayweather has officially been confirmed by both parties and is set to go ahead in Las Vegas on 26 August. Both Mayweather and McGregor announced the details of the superfight and confirmed it will go ahead on their social media...
Date For Floyd Mayweather Vs. Conor McGregor Fight Revealed
Rumours circulated yesterday that the date for the long-awaited Floyd Mayweather and Conor McGregor fight may have been decided. May being the operative word. Today, however, more publications are confirming that 26 August is looking like a likely date for the anticipated boxing match to go ahead. A source "with knowledge" has revealed to ESPN that...
Nike Launch Surprising Response To Kevin Durant's NBA Finals MVP Honour
On the biggest night of Kevin Durant's career Nike not only underwhelmed but also stirred up some forgotten resentment. Golden State Warriors were victorious in their fight against the Cleveland Cavaliers and took home the 2017 NBA championship while Kevin Durant from the team earned his first-ever Finals MVP as well. Nike are known for...
LeBron James Won't Play In New Basketball Event At Olympics: Here's Why
The 2020 Olympics in Tokyo are set to include a 3-on-3 basketball event and LeBron James has told reporters he won't be competing. We would all assume his reasons for sitting out would be his age, he'll be 35 by then, and he may want the offseason to rest up. But the King himself has...
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The Architects of Business
Sean Brett
Steeltech
Lisa Dwan
Dion Fanning
Davy Fitzgerald
Emma Donoghue: "Sometimes I'm thinking, 'I cannot believe how much my Ireland has changed'"
Conor Heneghan
"It's not that I like all the changes but it's so exciting to see a country being brewed up in this cauldron of modernity."
It can be easy to get too caught up in the day-to-day realities of life in Ireland while living in the country, which is why it's always interesting to hear the take of those who have left permanently for pastures new, still watching on from afar.
Multi-award winning author Emma Donoghue is one of Ireland's most famous exports.
She is best known for her novel, Room, which has sold two million copies worldwide, was shortlisted for the Man Booker and Orange Prizes and adapted into a feature film, directed by Lenny Abrahamson and starring Brie Larson, who won a Best Actress Oscar for her performance.
Donoghue has lived in Canada since the early 1990s, but she still retains a keen interest in events at home nearly three decades on.
The Ireland Donoghue left is a lot different from the Ireland she still regularly returns home to visit and in conversation with Dion Fanning on Ireland Unfiltered, she spoke of how she often finds it hard to fathom how much the country has changed, for good and for bad, since she's left.
"From a distance, I certainly notice the changes every time. I'm back at least three times a year and I'm certainly aware of some particular problems," Donoghue said.
"Like you know, I saw Paddy Breathnach and Roddy Doyle's beautiful film, Rosie, recently. I was horrified. I had not realised the housing crisis had got that bad."
"To see the really rapid changes in Ireland, things like the freedom of choice referendum, the gay marriage one, sometimes I'm thinking 'I cannot believe how much my Ireland has changed'," Donoghue added.
When Donoghue left Ireland at the beginning of the '90s, the country was still feeling the ravages of a devastating recession in the 1980s.
"I was really guarding Room from becoming a bad film" - Emma Donoghue on bringing her novel to the big screen
Emigration was a fact of life and the apparent lack of career prospects was a number of factors pointing her towards the exit door.
Donoghue is long settled in Canada now, but she says she finds it exciting to witness the transformation that Ireland has undergone, at a fairly rapid pace in her eyes, in the time since.
"It's not that I felt I had to leave, circa 1990," Donoghue said.
"Put it this way, everything was inclining me to leave.
"I'd been kind of raised to leave in that there were no jobs. So, there was a feeling of 'Get your degree and get out of here'.
"But also, being gay, I did definitely feel like 'This country's a bit small for me'. So, to see the changes every few years, Ireland transforming before my eyes, it's not that I like all the changes but it's so exciting to see a country being brewed up in this cauldron of modernity. It seems to have happened so much more quickly than in other countries and it's just fascinating.
"We've caught up anyway."
Ireland Unfiltered will be available everywhere you get your podcasts and on YouTube every Tuesday.
Movies,
Dion Fanning,
Emma O'Donoghue.
Dublin's Olympia Theatre to host Bohemian Rhapsody and The Greatest Showman sing-a-longs
Here are the best movies on TV tonight
The JOE Movie Quiz: Week 37
Here are the brand new TV shows you'll be addicted to in 2020
Here are all the best movies on TV today


When was the last time you were carded?
Some people say gift cards are not a thoughtful gift. Rather, it is simply exchanging money.
Who doesn't like getting money?
Gift cards are an organized way to simplify your holiday gift giving. Purchasing several of the exact same item simplifies your time and budget and allows you to spend more time on the things you want or need to do. They also come in handy for those last minute gifts.
Gas cards that can be left in the care for emergencies.
Having been the recipient of several cards over the years, I can tell you of one great day we had. One year my husband and I had "gift card day". It was awesome! We went to lunch at Red Lobster, Target, bought some chocolates and coffee and finished the afternoon at Bachmans. Was almost a completely free day.
Best wishes for getting carded this season!


The o.k.-Versand (o.k.-mail order) offers since 1997 everyday goods, which are not usual in western europe.
More items you can find in the shops in Cologne (left picture) and in Berlin (right picture).
Pictures from travelling and searching are here on the front page and on Instagram and Facebook.


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Um sistema criptográfico é informação-teoricamente seguro se a sua segurança deriva puramente da teoria da informação. Isto é, não pode ser quebrado mesmo quando o adversário tem um poder ilimitado de computação. O adversário simplesmente não tem informação suficiente para quebrar a criptografia, assim estes criptossistemas são considerados cripto-analiticamente inquebráveis. Um protocolo de encriptação que tem a segurança informação-teórica não depende, para a sua eficácia, de suposições não comprovadas sobre dificuldade computacional, e tal algoritmo não é vulnerável a futuros desenvolvimentos de computadores mais potentes, como na computação quântica. Um exemplo de um sistema de criptografia informação-teoricamente seguro é o one-time pad.

O conceito de segurança informação-teórica foi introduzido em 1949 pelo matemático americano Claude Shannon, o inventor da teoria da informação, que a usou para provar que o sistema one-time pad era seguro.  Sistemas de criptografia informática-teoricamente seguros têm sido usados para as comunicações governamentais mais sensíveis, como cabos diplomáticos e de comunicações militares de alto nível, por causa dos grandes esforços dos governos inimigos para quebrá-los.

Um caso especialmente interessante é a segurança perfeita: um algoritmo de criptografia é perfeitamente seguro se um texto cifrado produzido a usando não fornece nenhuma informação sobre o texto simples sem o conhecimento da chave. Se  é uma função de codificação perfeitamente segura, para qualquer mensagem  fixa deve existir, para cada mensagem cifrada , pelo menos, uma chave  tal que . Ficou provado que qualquer cifra com a propriedade de segurança perfeita deve usar as teclas de forma eficaz, tendo os mesmos requisitos das teclas do one-time pad.

É comum a sistema criptográfico vazar algumas informações, mas, de todo jeito, manter as suas propriedades de segurança, mesmo contra um adversário que tem recursos computacionais ilimitados. Tal sistema criptográfico teria segurança informação-teórica, mas não a segurança perfeita. A definição exata de segurança dependeria do sistema criptográfico em questão.

Há uma variedade de tarefas criptográficas para a qual a segurança informação-teórica é uma exigência significativa e útil. Algumas delas são:

 Esquemas de partilha de segredos, como o de Shamir, são informática-teoricamente seguros (e também perfeitamente seguros) em que menos do que o número necessário de ações do segredo não fornece informações sobre ele.
 De modo mais geral, protocolos seguros de computação multiparty muitas vezes, mas nem sempre, têm a segurança informação-teórica.
 Recuperação de informação privada com vários bancos de dados pode ser alcançada com a segurança informação-teórica para a consulta do usuário.
 Reduções entre primitivas ou tarefas criptográficas muitas vezes podem ser conseguidos informática-teoricamente. Essas reduções são importantes do ponto de vista teórico, porque estabelecem que a primitiva  pode ser realizada se a primitiva  puder ser.
 A criptografia simétrica pode ser construída sob uma noção informático-teórica de segurança chamada de segurança entrópica, a qual assume que o adversário não sabe quase nada sobre a mensagem que está sendo enviada. O objetivo aqui é esconder todas as funções do texto simples em vez de todas as informações sobre ele.
 Criptografia quântica é uma grande parte da criptografia informático-teórica.

Criptografia de camada física

Uma noção mais fraca de segurança definido pelas A. Wyner estabeleceu uma área agora florescente de pesquisa conhecida como criptografia de camada física.  Ela explora o canal físico sem fio para a sua segurança através de comunicações, processamento de sinal e técnicas de codificação. A segurança é demonstrável, inquebrável e quantificável (em bits / segundo / hertz).

O trabalho inicial de Wyner sobre criptografia de camada física na década de 1970 mostrou o problema de Alica-Bob-Eve no qual Alice quer enviar uma mensagem para Bob sem que Eve a decodifique. Foi mostrado que, se o canal de Alice para Bob é estatisticamente melhor do que o canal de Alice para Eve, a comunicação segura é possível.  Isso é intuitivo, mas Wyner mediu o sigilo de informação em termos teóricos definindo a capacidade sigilo, que é, essencialmente, a taxa com que Alice pode transmitir informações secretas para Bob. Pouco depois, Csiszár e Körner mostraram que a comunicação secreta era possível mesmo quando Eve tinha um canal estatisticamente melhor para Alice que o canal de Bob.

Resultados teóricos mais recentes estão preocupados com a determinação da capacidade de sigilo e alocação de potência ideal em canais de transmissão enfraquecidos.  Há ressalvas, como muitas capacidades não são computáveis a menos que o pressuposto seja de que Alice conheça o canal para Eve. Se isso fosse conhecido, Alice poderia simplesmente colocar algo nulo na direção de Eve. Capacidade de sigilo para MIMO e múltiplos bisbilhoteiros no canal são trabalhos mais recentes e em curso, e esses resultados ainda fazem a suposição não-útil sobre o conhecimento de informações de estado de canal bisbilhoteiro.

Ainda há outro trabalho menos teórico que tenta comparar os esquemas implementáveis. Um esquema de criptografia de camada física é transmitir ruído artificial em todas as direções, exceto a do canal de Bob, basicamente, bloqueando Eve. Um artigo de Negi e Goel detalha a implementação, e Khisti e Wornell computaram a capacidade de sigilo quando apenas estatísticas sobre os canais de Eva são conhecidas.

Paralelamente a este trabalho na comunidade de teoria da informação, existe o trabalho na comunidade de antena que tem sido denominado de campo próximo de modulação direta ou modulação de antena direcional.  Foi demonstrado que, utilizando um array parasita, a modulação transmitida em direções diferentes podia ser controlada de forma independente.

O sigilo pode ser realizado, fazendo com que as modulações em direções não desejadas sejam difíceis de descodificar. A transmissão de dados de modulação direcional foi demonstrada experimentalmente usando um array faseado.  Outros têm demonstrado a modulação direcional com arrays de comutação e lentes de conjugação de fase.

Esse tipo de modulação direcional é um subconjunto do esquema de criptografia ruído artificial aditivo de Negi e Goel. Outro esquema usando antenas de transmissão de padrão reconfigurável para Alice, chamado de ruído multiplicativo reconfigurável (RMN), complementa o ruído artificial aditivo.  Os dois trabalham bem juntos em simulações de canal em que nada é assumidamento conhecido por Alice ou Bob sobre os bisbilhoteiros.

Segurança incondicional

A segurança informação-teórica é muitas vezes usada como sinônimo de segurança incondicional. No entanto, o último termo também pode se referir a sistemas que não dependem de suposições não comprovadas da dureza computacional. Hoje, esses sistemas são essencialmente os mesmos que de segurança informação-teórica. No entanto, nem sempre tem que ser assim. Um dia RSA pode ser provada segura (se baseia na afirmação de que fatorar números primos grandes é difícil), tornando-se, assim, incondicionalmente segura, mas nunca será informática-teoricamente seguro (porque, embora possa não existir algoritmos eficientes para fatorar números primos grandes, em princípio, isso ainda pode ser feito com poder computacional ilimitado).

Veja também
 Segurança semântica

Referências

Teoria da criptografia