text:
New Water, Lava, and Milk Physics Splash Potion of Milk and Lava
The milk bucket should be able to be poured out just like water and lava. If mobs were to stand in it, it would remove all their status effects. It would also work with players too, say if you were defending a base and a player have fire resistance, the player would no longer be immune to fire whilst trying to break in, therefore, the player would die from the lava. The splash potion of lava can be thrown at mobs to set them ablaze, the splash potion of milk will remove any status effects from a mob. For example a Zombie Pigmen is immune to fire, throw a splash potion of milk on it and he is no longer immune to fire damage. A wither skeleton will die from wither damage when used, because that mob is immune to his effects. Same with a Husk, he will starve because he will no longer be immune to hunger. ECT.... When lava is brewed with redstone dust, it makes mobs burn longer, when brewed with glowstone dust, the fire damage will be more powerful. In the Update Aquatic you can water-log blocks,it should also work with lava. If you were to stand in water in a swamp you should get poisoned because the water is dirty, in a winter frozen biome, the player should get the wither effect in the water because it's cold. In beach or desert biomes the water can sometimes burn the player because it can get too hot sometimes. Also lava and milk should be able to be put in a cauldron.
I think the idea you posted is great, BUT there's some things that will only be weird
Milk having water physics doesn't make sense, since it wouldn't really spread because it doesn't come from a source block where it's spawned, but from a cow
Zombie pigman, wither skeleton and husks base effects shouldn't be removed, it's like if you throw a potion to a fish and it drowns because it no longer have water respiration, or like making a spider poison with his own poison
Water in swamps: that's a really good idea, but a regular poison would be to much of a punishment for just diving, it should do 1/2 of the damage of a poison max, I also suggested a similar thing for cold water, but a wither effect would be WAY to much (https://feedback.minecraft.net/hc/en-us/community/posts/360011225971-Diving-in-cold-areas)
a splash potion of lava won't make sense since glass will melt and you'll easily die if that was the case
Maybe the splash milk would remove or reduce all effects on any entities in the AOE, with full removal at point-blank range, and reduction at the edge.
For splash lava, it should light entities on fire, with the duration scaling down with distance from the centre of the splash.
Please yes.
I was thinking the same for the lava-logged blocks. like how you can put water inside staircases, you could make some interesting lighting effects like that.
you shouldn't get poisoned from swimming in swamp water. It's not like it's any more dirty than other water, guys. It just has more plants in it.
Swamps are biomes too.
also what if you wanted to make a swimming pool that would be unfortunate
Upvoted specifically for the potions. It makes sense to be able to use a milk ptotion to counter positive potions being used by an enemy, and a splash potion that lights things on fire reminds me of a moltav cocktail.
Great idea but as sninjago said, it would be better if zombie pigman, wither skeleton and husks base effects wouldn't be removed.
I would love to be able to have this in minecraft mainly because of it's uses for defence!
If this was added I would absalutely love it!!
100% agree with the splash potion for milk. I came on here looking to see if anyone else had that idea.
Lava logging blocks is a good idea. The rest is just weird because milk and potions are not source blocks to begin with.
I feel like this may be too easy. It isn't fair for someone who went through the effort to make a strength potion to be counted by someone with a cow. I think maybe a combination of milk and honey would add enough difficulty. Maybe the milk and honey item could give you a status effect that prevents you from getting status effects for a short time.


My JET JVM-386-3 from Tool Zone arrived Wednesday 2009/08/26. I had it sent to a local rigging company (C&H Rigging, Houston, TX, and I highly recommend them).
The owner/ceo himself came out to do the site inspection yesterday, and the truck brought it out today, Friday.
There really is a JET something in that big crate!
Check your wiring in the little motor panel and make sure its sound --- tons of little bugs to take care of but once your done it should be a very solid little machine, you might have a run capacitor to replace within the first half hour of using --- then it might be smooth sailing for years.
Mcgyver, I always thought you had a good grasp on your priorities!
Ha, let the little woman park outside for a year. After that, she will beg you to build a shop so that she can have the garage back.
Sleazey, I hope that you got them to take it off of the pallet for you. I always found that getting something narrow and tall off of a pallet was worse than getting the pallet off of the trailer and into the shop. I just got an 1800 pound saw (400mm Kaltenbach) that is very top heavy and tall and ramping it down from the trailer and off the pallet was not the most fun thing that I did all week.
Uh, no, I asked them to leave it on the pallet. I am going to be disassembling it quite a bit for thorough cleaning and lubing.
I do have an engine hoist. I may have to remove part of the pallet to get the hoist close enough, just the parts that don't have any weight on them.
I hope I don't regret not getting them to remove the pallet.
Realistically car vacs and ice scrapers are just fine as long as there's another package under the tree, doesn't have to be a big one, but it should contain a substance that's capable of sharpening your carbide tooling.
Now take note of his last pic in the other post - the one with the machine minus the cardboard and you will see the outer plank bolts, im assuming there's a plank bolt under the pink slip?
im also assuming the plank is cracked down the center?
they had them loaded the incorrect way, you have a choice on how your going to "load" your lead threads to take up the adjusting slack ( clock wise or CCW) and this equates directly to how the leads load their drive boss or adjuster screws -- in one method you load the lead screw mounting and adjusting nuts to move the table (you don't want this) the other method presses the bronze leads nuts directly into the table drive boss, this is what you want, this takes all loads off the screw nuts adjusters and simply leaves them and their elongated slots for what they were designed for - adjusting.
you still of course keep your one shot filling them up all the time but instead of it just spitting on the lead screws and then leaking out it fills the drive boss and the only place the fluid can escape is between the lead screw and its bronze nuts, I went through mine right from the start and havent had to adjust them since.
Maybe they corrected these problems by now, take a flashlight and shine under the table and look at lead nut adjuster allens -- do they have washers on them now? or are they half sunk into the elongated slot and spreading it out?
Let me know if I can help --- I disassembled my entire machine and went through it before I ran it and am glad I did --- there was casting sand in the knee drive bevel gears.
Why didn't they drive up and back off? use gravity to your own advantage ?
Six wheel truck or what we know as one, we only count wheels as one.
Over here that would be rated at 26 tonnes or 58,000# in your parlence, nowhere near what a roll back body and fork truck weighs.
Not how much John, but where it's loaded.
That fork lift weighs likely (guestimated by the size and looks) about 12K and would be mostly aft of the wheels if loaded as you mentioned.
Less the unladen weight and plus the Jet it will still have bags over no matter where the load is situated.
You asked a question John, I gave an answer, that answer has not changed with your figures, it's not important to me that you agree, you load it your way and I'll load mine. My opinion is, they loaded correctly, there is more to safe loading then meeting legal weight limits. Personally, I would not want all that weight hanging out the back for no other reason but handling in emergency situations.
You didn't give an answer, you hazarded a guess and even got the truck mixed up for a trailer.
No matter what way it's loaded it will still be in legal limits and when backed off their is no way the load can run away.
As as for having all that weight hanging out back what happens when you have to load a truck to max legal limits.
Do you tell your gaffer I don't want to load this right to the rear because it might not handle correctly.
OK you load it your way, I'll load it mine which I do and I am responsible for driving it, all the way up to 44 tonnes gross weight or 98,560 # in your parlance which is what my license is for.
As an aside I would never move a machine on one of those see saws any way, too top heavy and has the ability to tip at the slighest change.
I always sling and hang when doing a move, short of a sling breaking which should never happen if you use rated slings when hanging it's impossible to tip, use gravity to your advantage.
That's 3 tonnes of machine being lowered over the phone line.
Carried on a small 14 tonne 4 wheel truck with 10 tonne Hiab.
Boomer, that's a nice tip on the O-rings.
I'll particularly examine those details once I get it disassembled. I can't quite visualize what you are describing, but looking at it should make it all plain.
I decided to go look, and then realized my little point-'n-shoot could give me a better image than my eyes could. It took several tries, but these show plainly what you were talking about.
From the right side; you can see the slots and the allen screws. Don't see any washers though.
Perhaps it just the angle of the photo but those screws look like the more rounded ones for ball screws. Does your machine have ball screws?
As far as cleaning and lubricating, you shouldn't have too much cleaning to do. Perhaps more lubricating and checking than cleaning.
At 1,500 pounds, you shouldn't have too much trouble holding it up with an engine hoist while you remove the pallet. It only needs to go up a little. That's how I got my Enco lathe off the back of my truck some years ago. I just lifted it a bit, then had the truck driven away and quickly lowered the lathe to the floor.
No it's just the angle of the shot, combined with the flash and the focus depth. They are definitely acme style threads.
Sleazey, you have the identical set-up but your leads were assembled by a much better worker, imagine those allens tightened to the point of being countersunk about a third of the way and spreading the thin outer flange out, i would still put nice hardened washers on them and make damn sure they are adjusted in the direction of loading the lead nut threads into the boss - not into the adjuster screws - world of difference for rigidity.
other than that Im glad I got it, it really is the perfect size for the HSM'er.
Ok, I've been trying to figure out from first principles, which way you would turn the screw nut adjusters to "load" the lead threads as you say.
Do you turn the adjusting nuts CW to screw them out toward the viewer (further from the lead nut), or CCW to screw them in tighter onto the nut?
It seems like in one of the two directions of table movement the adjusting nuts will always bear the load of moving the table.
I think my problem is because I don't know how the table boss, the adjusting nuts, and the lead nut are arranged inside.
This will ensure that when a lead is used to move the table it gets pushed into the solid mount instead of trying to get pulled away from it and counting on its little adjuster screws.
keep in mind due to the nature of the loose cut acme threads - the required free play and the adjustable method being used that either way you turn the adjuster nut (cw/ccw) results in only one lead nut being utilized to move the table when the lead screw handle is cranked --- that's why its so critical to get the load direction correct, remember - when one nut gets loaded in this situation the other gets to totally relax.
Also keep in mind that im not a machinist --- but that doesn't matter because were talking about a machine and im a mechanic;) -- this is what I do.
Isn't it amazing how one little detail can be so critical?
Not only did they over tighten my lead nut adjuster holder screws and pump them almost half way through the elongated flange they also had the nut loaded in the wrong direction so the little already compromised holder screws were being used to drive the table... real nice.
By the way you took some excellent pics of the situation.
All of these photos and info, I had to go check my JVM 836-1, my unit has the washers on the adjusting screws from the factory. I've been very happy with my mill, I did add power feeds on the X, Y and Z axis, and a 4" riser block, to gain more room under the quill.
before I final ordered mine I wanted to verify that they still were being built there and they said absolutely - I then said OK, but added if something changed and they found out it switched to china "Don't Ship"
They dragged their feet for a month and I gave them 3 options -- either find me a taiwan, or come pick up the mill and give me my money back - or discount the mill to the tune of $650.00 (that's after already getting it at a very low price) they chose the latter and I bought a nice DRO and R/Table with the surplus.
When I see how Sleazey's leads were assembled it makes me think my mill may have been the worst of both worlds --- caught in the transition stage and on the china end of it.
Yes, my unit says Taiwan, the JDP-20EVS/230 drill press I have is also from Taiwan, I guess I just lucked out. I thought that Jet was still sourcing from Taiwan, I hadn't realized it gone to China.
The 4" riser block, I got from Grizzly, its meant for their G6760 mill, a carbon copy of the Jet, the block part # is H8107.


text:
Q: insert record into the specific position when column has identity property this is my sample table
with ID as primary key with identity(1,1) and CustomerName column
ID         CustomerName
1          Name1
2          Name2
4          Name4
5          Name5
7          Name7

I want to insert records 'Id' as '3' with CustomerName as 'Name3' and Id 6 into the table with CustomerName 'Name6'.Is it possible

A: You can use SET IDENTITY_INSERT in this scenario.
Just set SET IDENTITY_INSERT YourTable ON
then write your insert statement
then don't forgot to SET IDENTITY_INSERT YourTable OFF
SET IDENTITY_INSERT YourTable  ON

GO

insert into YourTable(ID,Name) values (3,'Name3')

GO

SET IDENTITY_INSERT YourTable OFF

See Details Here

A: insert into yourtablename(ID, CustomerName)
values("3", "name3");
insert into yourtablename(ID, CustomerName)
values("6", "name6");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Operation Magic Carpet (englisch; "Operation Fliegender Teppich") ist ein bekannter Deckname für den unter dem offiziellen Namen Operation On Wings of Eagles ("Operation Auf den Flügeln der Adler") zwischen Juni 1949 und September 1950 durchgeführten und zunächst geheim gehaltenen Transport von etwa 49.000 jemenitischen Juden in den neuen Staat Israel. Der Transport wurde mit etwa 180 Flügen britischer und amerikanischer Transportflugzeuge zwischen Aden und Israel durchgeführt, die geheim gehaltene Operation wurde erst mehrere Monate nach ihrem Ende in der Öffentlichkeit bekannt. Manchmal wird dieser Transport auch als Operation Messiah's Coming ("Operation Ankunft des Erlösers") bezeichnet.

Hintergrund

Nach dem Teilungsplan der Vereinten Nationen von 1947, der die Entstehung eines jüdischen Staates in Palästina vorsah, führten Zusammenstöße mit gewaltbereiten Muslimen in Aden zum Tod von 82 Personen und zur Zerstörung mehrerer Häuser jüdischer Bürger. Anfang 1948 führte die Anklage eines Mörders zweier jemenitischer Mädchen zur Plünderung jüdischen Eigentums. Die jüdische Gemeinde Adens war wirtschaftlich am Ende, da die meisten jüdischen Geschäfte und Existenzen zerstört worden waren.

Die jemenitischen Juden begannen sich im Camp Geula (von hebräisch geula; deutsch "Camp Erlösung") in der Hoffnung zu sammeln, in den neu gegründeten Staat Israel auswandern zu können. Die britischen Truppen, die das Kolonialgebiet zu jener Zeit noch besetzt hielten, unterbanden eine Auswanderung bis zum Ende der Kampfhandlungen des Palästinakrieges zu Beginn des Jahres 1949. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt hatten sich schon etwa 10.000 Menschen in Camp Geula versammelt. Jemens neu ernannter Imam Ahmad ibn Yahya gab seine geheim gehaltene Zustimmung zu dem Lufttransport und damit waren die Voraussetzung zu dieser Operation geschaffen.

Der Transport

In Reaktion auf die zunehmend gefährlicher werdende Situation wanderten die meisten Mitglieder der jemenitischen jüdischen Gemeinde zwischen Juni 1949 und September 1950 durch die Operation Magic Carpet geheim nach Israel aus. Die Migration konnte in kleinerem Maßstab noch bis 1962 kontinuierlich fortgesetzt werden, als ein Bürgerkrieg weiterer jüdischer Auswanderung ein überraschendes Ende setzte. Einige reiche jüdische Familien, die das Versprechen einer besseren Zukunft in Israel bezweifelten, entschieden sich, ihre Anwesen nicht zu verlassen. Etwa 300 Juden verblieben im Jemen.

Während des Verlaufs der Operation Magic Carpet von 1949 bis 1950 wurde die große Mehrheit der jemenitischen Juden durch Lufttransport nach Israel gebracht, es waren ungefähr 47.000 Juden aus dem Jemen, 1.500 aus der Region Aden und etwa 500 aus Eritrea und Dschibuti. Die Transporte wurden maßgeblich von der Alaska Airlines durchgeführt. Die meisten von ihnen hatten vorher noch nie ein Flugzeug gesehen, sie verließen ihre gewohnte Existenz als Landwirte und mussten sich in Israel an ein vollkommen ungewohntes Leben in einem neuen Land gewöhnen.

Der offizielle Name der Aktion ergab sich aus zwei bekannten Passagen der Bibel:
 : "Ihr habt selbst gesehen, was ich den Ägyptern angetan habe, und wie ich euch auf den Schwingen von Adlern trug und euch zu mir brachte."
 : "Die an Gott glauben, werden stärker werden. Sie werden auf Flügeln in die Höhe steigen wie Adler; sie werden laufen und nicht ermatten, sie werden gehen und nicht müde werden."
Die Operation Magic Carpet war die erste in einer Reihe von Aktionen in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren, deren Zweck der Transport ganzer jüdischer Gemeinden aus arabischen Staaten nach Israel war.

Verschwundene Kinder
Vor allem in den Jahren 1948 bis 1954 waren in Israel einige Tausend Säuglinge und Kleinkinder verschwunden, deren Eltern gerade aus dem Jemen und einigen Ländern des Nahen Ostens sowie des Balkan im jungen Staat angekommen waren. Schätzungen zufolge sollen es bis zu 5000 Kinder gewesen sein, die vor allem aus den Übergangslagern, in denen die Familien anfangs lebten, geholt wurden und von ihren Angehörigen nie wieder gesehen wurden.
Viele jemenitische Juden warfen den israelischen Behörden vor, sie gezielt an kinderlose Juden aus Europa weitergegeben zu haben. Viele Schicksale konnten nie eindeutig geklärt werden. Die Vorwürfe des staatlich organisierten Kinderraubs blieben bestehen. Erst sieben Jahrzehnte später drückte die Regierung ihr Bedauern über das Geschehene aus und wird Entschädigungen an die betroffenen Familien zahlen.

Siehe auch
 Geschichte der Juden von Dschibuti

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Vered Lee: The frayed truth of Operation Magic Carpet, Haaretz, 28. Mai 2012.

Israelische Geschichte (20. Jahrhundert)
Geschichte des Jemen
Judentum in Israel
Magic Carpet (Jemen)
Migration (Israel)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The exposure to salt stress affects not only plant growth but also distribution of the mass between individual plant organs. I am interested how this change in plant architecture is accomplished and how it affects plant performance and its salinity tolerance. By combining various approaches such as developmental plant biology, descriptive growth models, bioinformatics and quantitative genetics I would like to disentangle which plant architecture traits and genetic components are contributing to salinity tolerance.
"Identification and Functional Characterization of the Arabidopsis Snf1-Related Protein Kinase SnRK2.4 Phosphatidic Acid-Binding Domain." Magdalena M Julkowska*, Fionn McLoughlin*, Carlos S Galvan-Ampudia, Johanna M Rankenberg, Dorota Kawa, Maria Klimecka, Michel A Haring, Teun Munnik, Edgar E Kooijman,Christa Testerink 2014. Plant, Cell & Environment.
"A Mixed-Model QTL Analysis for Salt Tolerance in Seedlings of Crop-Wild Hybrids of Lettuce." Zhen Wei, Magdalena M. Julkowska, Jacques-Olivier Laloë,Yorike Hartman, Gert-Jan de Boer, Richard W. Michelmore,Peter H. van Tienderen, Christa Testerink, M. Eric Schranz 2014. Molecular Breeding: 1–12.
"Halotropism Is a Response of Plant Roots to Avoid a Saline Environment." Carlos S Galvan-Ampudia, Magdalena M Julkowska, Essam Darwish, Jacinto Gandullo, Ruud A Korver, Geraldine Brunoud,Michel A Haring, Teun Munnik, Teva Vernoux, Christa Testerink, 2013. Current Biology 23(20): 2044–50.


text:
Younie v. State
Ware v. State
See Miller v. State, 231 Md. 215, 218-19, 189 A.2d 635 (1963) (suspect in custody has the right to remain…
Freeman v. State
Next, we consider whether the court erred in failing to recognize appellant's silence as an invocation. In…
Full title:YOUNIE v . STATE OF MARYLAND
Court:Court of Appeals of Maryland
272 Md. 233 (Md. 1974)
322 A.2d 211
Court of Appeals of Maryland
concluding "[s]ilence in the context of a custodial inquisition is presumed to be an exercise of the privilege against self-incrimination from which no legal penalty can flow"
Summary of this case from Reynolds v. State
[No. 303, September Term, 1973.]
Decided July 22, 1974.
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — CRIMINAL LAW — Policy Underlying Privilege Against Self-Incrimination — Accusatory System Of Criminal Justice Demands That The Government Seeking To Punish An Individual Produce The Evidence Against Him By Its Own Independent Labors Rather Than By The Cruel, Simple Expedient Of Compelling It From His Own Mouth. pp. 239-240
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — CRIMINAL LAW — Privilege Against Self-Incrimination — Custodial Interrogation Is So Inherently Coercive That Statements, Whether Exculpatory Or Inculpatory, Cannot Be Used Unless The Use Of Procedural Safeguards Effective To Secure The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination Can Be Demonstrated. p. 240
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — CRIMINAL LAW — Privilege Against Self-Incrimination — Impermissible To Penalize Individual For Exercise Of Privilege — Prosecution Cannot Use At Trial The Fact That A Defendant Stood Mute Or Claimed His Privilege In The Face Of Accusation. pp. 240-243
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — CRIMINAL LAW — Assumption That Human Nature Is Such That An Innocent Man Will Be Spurred To Promptly Deny False Statements Made In His Presence Is Inapplicable To The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination — Silence In Context Of Custodial Inquisition Is Presumed To Be An Exercise Of The Privilege — State Has Burden Of Demonstrating That Failure To Respond Was Not An Invocation Of The Right. pp. 243-244
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — CRIMINAL LAW — Privilege Against Self-Incrimination — Where An Accused At The Outset Of An Interrogation Agrees To Answer Only Some Questions, It Must Be Assumed That His Subsequent Refusal To Respond To Some Questions Was An Invocation Of The Privilege Absent Clear And Convincing Evidence To The Contrary. pp. 244-245
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — CRIMINAL LAW — Test For Determining Whether A Constitutional Error Was Harmless — Must Be Able To Declare That It Was Harmless Beyond A Reasonable Doubt Based Upon An Independent Reading Of The Record And On What Seems To Have Been The Probable Impact Of The Tainted Evidence On The Minds Of An Average Jury. pp. 245-246
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — CRIMINAL LAW — Harmless Error — Where A Trial Error Goes To A Substantial Constitutional Right It Would Be Harmless Only If The State Can Show Beyond A Reasonable Doubt That The Violation Was Technical In Nature, That The Tainted Evidence Was Merely Cumulative, And That There Was Other Overwhelming And Largely Uncontroverted Evidence Properly Before The Trier Of Fact. pp. 246-247
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — CRIMINAL LAW — Privilege Against Self-Incrimination — Harmless Error — Admission Into Evidence Of The Portions Of A Custodial Interrogation During Which The Defendant Remained Silent Is Reversible Error In A Trial Where The Defendant Chooses Not To Testify And The Testimony And Credibility Of The State's Key Witness Are Questionable. pp. 247-249
R.L.H.
Certiorari to the Court of Special Appeals.
Petition for writ of certiorari granted where the Court of Special Appeals affirmed the first degree murder and armed robbery convictions of Walter A. Younie in the Circuit Court for Baltimore County.
Judgments of the Court of Special Appeals and the Circuit Court for Baltimore County reversed, and the case remanded for a new trial. Costs to be paid by the County Council of Baltimore County.
The cause was argued before MURPHY, C.J., and SINGLEY, SMITH, DIGGES, LEVINE, ELDRIDGE and O'DONNELL, JJ.
Reporter's Note: Murphy, C.J., sat during argument but did not participate in the decision or in the adoption of the opinion.
William F. Mosner, Assigned Public Defender, for appellant.
Gilbert Rosenthal, Assistant Attorney General, with whom were Francis B. Burch, Attorney General, Samuel A. Green, Jr., State's Attorney for Baltimore County, and John J. Lucas, Assistant State's Attorney for Baltimore County, on the brief, for appellee.
DIGGES, J., delivered the opinion of the Court.
This case reaches us on certiorari to the Court of Special Appeals after it affirmed the first degree murder and armed robbery convictions of Walter A. Younie (petitioner) in the Circuit Court for Baltimore County. In granting the writ, we limited our review to the following:
"(1) whether the court erroneously permitted an interrogating detective to recite to the jury the fact that the appellant refused to answer certain specific questions, which questions, along with a notation that the defendant refused to answer, were interspersed in a series of admittedly proper questions and answers, and
(2) whether, if error was committed in submitting evidence of the full interrogation to the jury, the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt."
In considering these issues, we shall recite only those facts which are required for an understanding and determination of the legal questions involved. If more detail is desired, a fuller description of the events which gave rise to this case may be found in the opinion of the Court of Special Appeals. Younie v. State, 19 Md. App. 439, 311 A.2d 798 (1973).
On December 27, 1971, at approximately 7:30 p.m., Reuben J. Kaufman, an employee of the B F Liquor Store, was killed by a shotgun blast fired at close range during the course of an armed robbery of that business located on Pulaski Highway in Baltimore County. Eyewitness accounts established the fact that the crime was perpetrated by three individuals who drove from the scene in a dark-colored Cadillac. From this information, the police followed a trail of evidence which eventually led to the petitioner's arrest in Putnam, Indiana. While still incarcerated in that midwestern town, and after being advised of his constitutional rights ( Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966)), which he waived by signing a standardized form, members of the Baltimore County police force questioned the petitioner about this crime. The full extent of this interview, as it was recorded by the police officer in longhand, was signed by Younie at the bottom of each page.
At the trial, over strong defense objection, one of the two police officers who had conducted the custodial interrogation to which we have just referred was permitted to give the following testimony:
"Q. [By the State's Attorney] Let's start with the questions and answers. Will you read the questions and Mr. Younie's answers to each question to the Court and to the Jury, please?
A. [By witness] On page one:
`Q. [By police officer] Are you willing to answer questions reference this armed robbery homicide?
A. [By Younie] Some.
Q. I show you two mug shots. Who are they?
A. No. 73574 John McCormack, Gloucester, Massachusetts. No. 73576 Adelbert Grondin, Hartford, Connecticut.
Q. Did you three pull this armed robbery?
A. Refused to answer.
Q. Did you go in on the job at the liquor store?
Q. Who drove the car?
A. I did.
Q. What kind of car?
A. Dark blue Cadillac two door.
Q. Whose Cadillac?
A. Stole it in Quincy, Massachusetts, from in front of a tire store first part of December.
Q. Where is this Cadillac now?
A. I don't know.
Q. Where is it the last time you saw it?
A. We left it near a railroad underpass.
Q. What did you do to the car?
A. John set it on fire.
Q. Whose gun was used?
Q. Where is the gun now?
Q. Was there a girl with you?
A. Well Lorrie Scully left Hartford, Connecticut with us but stayed at the New Motel in Baltimore.
Q. Do you want to talk about the armed robbery homicide?
Q. Have you ever seen Lieutenant Roemer and Detective DeMuth before?
A. Yes. At the Greyhound Bus Station in Baltimore on Tuesday, December 28, 1971.
Q. Did the girl Lorrie know there was going to be a holdup?
Q. Did anyone have a gun in the Cadillac?
Q. Did you buy a gun in Hartford, Connecticut?
Q. Who went in the liquor store?
Q. Did you shoot anyone in the armed robbery?
Q. Did John McCormack shoot anyone?
Q. Did Adelbert Grondin shoot anyone?
Q. How much money did you get out of the holdup?
Q. Walter, do you want us to stop this interview?
A. Yes, I believe I should have an attorney.'
The statement was concluded and dated 1/2/72; time 1425 hours, and it was signed by Walter A. Younie and witnessed by Detective DeMuth and Lieutenant L. Roemer." (emphasis added).
Arguably, when Younie indicated he would answer only "some" of the questions, or when he "refused to answer" others or when he said he did not want to talk about the armed robbery homicide, the interrogation should have been terminated according to Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 473-74 (1966). In a similar situation, the Court of Special Appeals in Law v. State, 21 Md. App. 13, 318 A.2d 859 (1974) ruled that the continuing custodial interrogation of the appellant there should have ceased when he said, "I don't want to talk anymore" and "I am not going to say any more until I am treated [for my injuries]." However, as this point is not urged here, we shall not pass upon it.
Immediately following this testimony, the original handwritten statement (along with a typed copy of it) was received into evidence, again over the petitioner's objection. Then, at the conclusion of the testimony, over the third and fourth defense objections directed at this evidence, the State was permitted in closing argument to refer to these refusals to respond to some of the officer's questions, and the petitioner's complete statement was given by the trial judge, along with other exhibits, to the jury for it to consider while deliberating. Throughout the trial, as well as on appeal, the petitioner has contended that the reading of those questions to which he did not respond, together with the notation that he "refused to answer" them, was improper. Younie reasons that their deletion from the statement submitted was required by law, and that his request for this should have been granted. He has consistently urged that his silence was a permissible exercise of his privilege against self-incrimination and, since the only purpose the objected to evidence served was to create the highly prejudicial inference that his failure to respond was motivated by guilt, its inclusion was reversible error. We agree.
In Miranda v. Arizona, supra, the Supreme Court of the United States spelled out in considerable detail the policy which underlies the fifth amendment to the federal constitution. In that landmark case, the Supreme Court, speaking through Chief Justice Warren, stated:
It is no longer subject to question that the fifth amendment is made applicable to the states by the fourteenth. Malloy v. Hogan, 378 U.S. 1, 84 S.Ct. 1489, 12 L.Ed.2d 653 (1964).
"Thus we may view the historical development of the privilege as one which groped for the proper scope of governmental power over the citizen. As a `noble principle often transcends its origins,' the privilege has come rightfully to be recognized in part as an individual's substantive right, a `right to a private enclave where he may lead a private life. That right is the hallmark of our democracy.' United States v. Grunewald, 233 F.2d 556, 579, 581-582 (Frank, J., dissenting), rev'd, 353 U.S. 391, 1 L.Ed.2d 931, 77 S.Ct. 963, 62 ALR. 2d 1344 (1957). We have recently noted that the privilege against self-incrimination — the essential mainstay of our adversary system — is founded on a complex of values, Murphy v. Waterfront Comm'n, 378 U.S. 52, 55-57, note 5, 12 L.Ed.2d 678, 682, 84 S.Ct. 1594 (1964); Tehan v. Shott, 382 U.S. 406, 414-415, note 12, 15 L.Ed.2d 453, 459, 86 S.Ct. 459 (1966). All these policies point to one overriding thought: the constitutional foundation underlying the privilege is the respect a government — state or federal — must accord to the dignity and integrity of its citizens. To maintain a `fair state-individual balance,' to require the government `to shoulder the entire load,' 8 Wigmore, Evidence 317 (McNaughton rev. 1961), to respect the inviolability of the human personality, our accusatory system of criminal justice demands that the government seeking to punish an individual produce the evidence against him by its own independent labors, rather than by the cruel, simple expedient of compelling it from his own mouth. Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227, 235-238, 84 L.Ed. 716, 722, 60 S.Ct. 472 (1940). In sum, the privilege is fulfilled only when the person is guaranteed the right `to remain silent unless he chooses to speak in the unfettered exercise of his own will.' Malloy v. Hogan, 378 U.S. 1, 8, 12 L.Ed.2d 653, 659, 84 S.Ct. 1489 (1964)." 384 U.S. at 460.
Concerned with both the inherent unreliability which may infest a coerced confession, and the unhealthy tendency which its use creates in making police and prosecutors alike less zealous in the search for independent, objective evidence, the Court in Miranda addressed itself specifically to the voluntariness requirement of the fifth amendment. Of particular concern to that Court was its view that custodial interrogation is inherently coercive. In response to this, and in an effort to insure that statements made by an accused while under the control of the police were given in the exercise of a free will, procedural mandates were spelled out which were followed by the caveat that "the prosecution may not use statements, whether exculpatory or inculpatory, stemming from custodial interrogation of the defendant unless it demonstrates the use of procedural safeguards effective to secure the privilege against self-incrimination." Miranda, supra at 444.
"Thirteenth century commentators found an analogue to the privilege grounded in the Bible. `To sum up the matter, the principle that no man is to be declared guilty on his own admission is a divine decree.' Maimonides, Mishneh Torah (Code of Jewish Law), Book of Judges, Laws of the Sanhedrin, c. 18, ¶ 6, 111 Yale Judaica Series 52-53. See also Lamm, The Fifth Amendment and Its Equivalent in the Halakhah, 5 Judaism 53 (Winter 1956)." Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 459, n. 27 (1966).
The petitioner here does not question that these procedural requirements were complied with and does not allege that the inquisition should have been halted prior to the time when it was. Instead, Younie urges that the State's employment during the trial of those portions of his statement which reflect his silence in response to certain of the interrogator's questions violates both the language and the spirit of the fifth amendment mandate as expressed in Miranda and its progeny. Our inspection of the case law confirms this contention. In fact, a reading together of three portions of Miranda without more provides ample support for the petitioner's argument. They are:
"If the individual indicates in any manner, at any time prior to or during questioning, that he wishes to remain silent, the interrogation must cease. At this point he has shown that he intends to exercise his Fifth Amendment privilege; any statement taken after the person invokes his privilege cannot be other than the product of compulsion, subtle or otherwise." 384 U.S. at 473-74.
"Moreover, where in-custody interrogation is involved, there is no room for the contention that the privilege is waived if the individual answers some questions or gives some information on his own prior to invoking his right to remain silent when interrogated." Id. at 475-76.
"In accord with our decision today, it is impermissible to penalize an individual for exercising his Fifth Amendment privilege when he is under police custodial interrogation. The prosecution may not, therefore, use at trial the fact that he stood mute or claimed his privilege in the face of accusation." Id. at 468, n. 37.
The last sentiments which we have quoted echoed those expressed in Griffin v. State of California, 380 U.S. 609, 85 S.Ct. 1229, 14 L.Ed.2d 106 (1965), and have been re-echoed in the decisions of this nation's federal and state appellate courts, including Maryland. For example, the Court of Special Appeals in Burko v. State, 19 Md. App. 645, 652, 313 A.2d 864 (1974) said:
"The Supreme Court recognized, however, that if its holding went no further than to require that an accused be informed of his rights, that the exercise of those rights could, and in many cases possibly would, be used as a weapon for the prosecution. To allow the police to make an accusatory statement to one who had elected to remain silent and then to permit the police to testify that when the defendant had been accused he did not answer, would have a devastating effect upon the defense. Such tactics, if allowed, would have cloaked the precepts of Miranda in an armor of gauze."
In Commonwealth v. Haideman, 449 Pa. 367, 296 A.2d 765, 767 (1972), it was stated:
"The difference between prosecutorial use of an accused's silence at trial and the use of an accused's silence at time of arrest is, as one court stated, `infinitesimal.' Gillison v. United States, 130 U.S. App. D.C. 215, 399 F.2d 586, 587 (1968). In both instances, the defendant's silence is exploited as evidence of guilt. As the Fifth Circuit observed, `[w]e would be naive if we failed to recognize that most laymen view an assertion of the Fifth Amendment privilege as a badge of guilt.' Walker v. United States, 404 F.2d 900, 903 (5th Cir. 1968). It is clear that `[t]he privilege against self-incrimination would be reduced to a hollow mockery if its exercise could be taken as equivalent either to a confession of guilt or a conclusive presumption of perjury.' Slochower v. Board of Higher Ed. of N.Y., 350 U.S. 551, 557, 76 S.Ct. 637, 641, 100 L.Ed. 692 (1956)."
And, in Anderson v. State, 197 Ark. 600, 124 S.W.2d 216 (1939), quoted with approval in Kagebein v. State, 496 S.W.2d 435, 438 (Ark. 1973), the Arkansas Supreme Court opined:
"If silence in such a case is evidence of guilt, then one charged with crime must, under penalty of himself creating most damaging evidence against himself in support of the charge, enter into a controversy of words with every idle straggler who may choose to accuse him to his face."
A Michigan appellate court in People v. Severance, 43 Mich. App. 394, 204 N.W.2d 357, 359 (1972) wrote:
"The rule is now firmly established that the prosecution may not use at trial the fact that a defendant exercised his privilege of silence in face of accusation, for such would penalize the defendant for exercising the privilege."
Finally, the Ninth Circuit in Fowle v. United States, 410 F.2d 48, 54 (9th Cir. 1969) expressed these thoughts thusly:
"We simply cannot adopt an interpretation of the Fifth Amendment under which one exercising his right to remain silent upon and immediately after his arrest — a right which the Supreme Court has so earnestly sought to guarantee and preserve — is severely prejudiced by his recourse to that cherished right. It would be anomalous indeed if honorable law enforcement officers were required to elaborate upon the traditional fifth amendment warning and advise arrested persons, in effect: If you say anything, it may be used against you. You have the constitutional right to remain silent, but if you exercise it, that fact may be used against you."
Accord, United States v. Matos, 444 F.2d 1071 (7th Cir. 1971); Baker v. United States, 357 F.2d 11 (5th Cir. 1966); Fagundes v. United States, 340 F.2d 673 (1st Cir. 1965); Galasso v. State, 207 So.2d 45 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1968); People v. Lampson, 129 Ill. App.2d 72, 262 N.E.2d 601 (1970); State v. Dearman, 198 Kan. 44, 422 P.2d 573 (1967), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 895, 90 S.Ct. 194, 24 L.Ed.2d 173 (1969); State v. Roberts, 208 N.W.2d 744 (Minn. 1973); State v. Beck, 289 Minn. 287, 183 N.W.2d 781 (1971); People v. Abdul Karim Al-Kanani, 26 N.Y.2d 473, 311 N.Y.S.2d 846, 260 N.E.2d 496 (1970).
In urging that the receiving into evidence of the petitioner's "statement" in its entirety was proper, the State initially stresses that since Younie's silence was surrounded by interrogatories to which he did respond, all of the law we have just cited is inapplicable. Apparently, the State's contention is that once the petitioner waives the protection afforded an accused by the fifth amendment, he must affirmatively assert his privilege to recover its protection rather than choose to simply remain silent. This argument is an extrapolation from the rule stated by this Court in Miller v. State, 231 Md. 215, 218, 189 A.2d 635 (1963) that
"It is generally held that if a statement is made by another person in the presence of a party to the action, be it civil or criminal, containing assertions of facts which, if untrue, the party would under all the circumstances naturally be expected to deny, his failure to speak is circumstantial evidence that he believes the statements to be true, and his conduct is thus receivable against him as an admission of such belief."
Underlying this principle is the assumption that human nature is such that it spurs an innocent man to promptly deny false statements made in his presence. However, what is either ignored or overlooked in attempting to superimpose this rule upon silence which occurs during the course of custodial interrogation, is the Constitution which expressly permits the innocent and guilty alike to remain mute and not have this made known to the trier of facts. Silence in the context of a custodial inquisition is presumed to be an exercise of the privilege against self-incrimination from which no legal penalty can flow, and the State has the heavy burden of demonstrating by clear and convincing evidence that a failure to respond was not an invocation of this right. Cf. Miller, supra at 218.
Turning now to the evidence in this case, all that is present in the record indicates that Younie was in fact relying upon his right to remain silent rather than waiving it when he failed to answer the police officer's interrogatories. In the first place, the petitioner stated at the outset of his interrogation that he would agree to answer only "some" of the questions. In addition to this, since the words of the statement "refused to answer" concededly were those of the interrogator and not of the accused, it is impossible to determine exactly how he did respond. Since a waiver of this constitutional right to be effective must be clearly and intentionally made, and since silence, even in the face of incriminating accusations, statements, or questions, is inaction and therefore difficult to draw an inference from, in a situation such as this where it is uncertain as to what occurred, we must assume that the petitioner's failure to answer was an invocation of his fifth amendment privilege. We agree with the Court of Special Appeals when it said in Duckett v. State, 3 Md. App. 563, 578, 240 A.2d 332 (1968) that "[a]s the [petitioner was] then in police custody, the admission of evidence calculated to show that [he] stood mute in the face of such accusation would, of course, have been clear error."
Younie's signature on the statement, we think, does not indicate that he adopted the police officer's words, but only demonstrates his agreement that he did not answer.
Perhaps it is with foresight that the State chose to argue in the alternative that if it was error to permit these questions and the petitioner's silence to come to the jury's attention, then this error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. However, in light of the decisions of the Supreme Court it is impossible for us to agree with this contention. That Court in Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 21, 87 S.Ct. 824, 17 L.Ed.2d 705 (1967) held, "[w]hether a conviction for crime should stand when a State has failed to accord federal constitutionally guaranteed rights is every bit as much of a federal question as what particular federal constitutional provisions themselves mean, what they guarantee, and whether they have been denied." In that same case, the Supreme Court then proceeded to announce the test for determining whether a federal constitutional error was harmless. This test was restated in Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250, 251, 89 S.Ct. 1726, 23 L.Ed.2d 284 (1969):
"We held in Chapman v. California [citation omitted], that `before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.' [citation omitted]. We said that, although `there are some constitutional rights so basic to a fair trial that their infraction can never be treated as harmless error' [citation omitted], not all `trial errors which violate the Constitution automatically call for reversal.'" (emphasis added).
Whether the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt, the Court continued, is to be based on an independent "reading of the record and on what seems . . . to have been the probable impact. . . [of the tainted evidence] on the minds of an average jury." Id. at 254. In Schneble v. Florida, 405 U.S. 427, 432, 92 S.Ct. 1056, 31 L.Ed.2d 340 (1972), a case following Harrington and which also dealt with a violation of a defendant's right to confrontation as discussed in Bruton v. United States, 391 U.S. 123, 88 S.Ct. 1620, 20 L.Ed.2d 476 (1968), the Court, though it quoted the language of Harrington, rephrased the harmless error rule in holding that constitutional error would not be held harmless if "there is a reasonable possibility that the improperly admitted evidence contributed to the conviction." However, this rephrasing, we think, has no substantial significance in our disposition of this case because "[t]here is little, if any, difference between . . . [asking] `whether there is a reasonable possibility that the evidence complained of might have contributed to the conviction' and requiring the beneficiary of a constitutional error to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained." Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. at 24. What is of importance, from an examination of the cases which discuss harmless error, is the realization that if the error goes to a substantial constitutional right ( e.g. right to counsel — sixth amendment, right not to self-incriminate — fifth amendment) then unless the State can prove beyond a reasonable doubt, as the prosecution did in Milton v. Wainwright, 407 U.S. 371, 92 S.Ct. 2174, 22 L.Ed.2d 1 (1972) (where an invalid confession accompanied three valid ones and other substantial evidence of guilt), that a tainted confession in no way influenced the verdict such that the defendant would undoubtedly have been found guilty even if that evidence had not been received, its employment will always be error. Conversely, if the State can show beyond a reasonable doubt that the violation was technical in nature, as well as that the erroneously admitted evidence was merely cumulative, and that there was other overwhelming and largely uncontroverted evidence properly before the trier of fact, then the error would be harmless. Brown v. United States, 411 U.S. 223, 93 S.Ct. 1565, 36 L.Ed.2d 142 (1973) (concerned with a Bruton violation). See also annotation to Schneble v. Florida, supra, contained in 31 L.Ed.2d 921.
Turning now specifically to this case, it is readily ascertainable that we are concerned with a violation of two of the petitioner's fundamental constitutional rights — the protections afforded him by the fifth and sixth amendments. From the language of Miranda, "It is now axiomatic that the defendant's constitutional rights have been violated if his conviction is based, in whole or in part, on an involuntary confession, regardless of its truth or falsity. [citations omitted] This is so even if there is ample evidence aside from the confession to support the conviction. . . ." 384 U.S. at 464, n. 33 (emphasis added). After reviewing the record in this case, we are not convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the tainted confession in no way influenced the jury's verdict. Since Younie chose not to testify in the case, besides his statement made in the Putnam, Indiana jail and other evidence which proved little more than that a murder had been committed by three men, the State is left only with the testimony of Lorrie Scully Dwire, the Lorrie Scully referred to in Younie's statement. Concededly, her testimony, if believed by the jury, that the petitioner "told me they did rob the place and that the man had been shot and that he had shot him" certainly implicates Younie. However, the correctness of this witness' testimony was not left unquestioned and her credibility was subjected to a substantial attack by Younie's counsel. On cross-examination the defense elicited from this witness an admission that she had a history of drug use and promiscuity as well as that she had on a number of occasions been a patient in a mental institution. In addition to this, the defense demonstrated the existence of factors which might very well have motivated her to incriminate the petitioner. First, Mrs. Dwire admitted that she was "not very happy" with Younie because he had claimed that the two of them had been sleeping together. Second, having agreed with defense counsel that she had suicidal tendencies which were precipitated by involuntary confinement, Mrs. Dwire also conceded that she was appearing as a witness at the trial to fulfill a deal with the State that the charges against her of acting as an accessory after the fact to the crime of murder would be dropped, and she would be released from confinement in return for her testimony. Obviously, because of this attack on the credibility of its chief witness, the State was hopeful of buttressing her testimony. Pursuant to this, the assistant state's attorney not only insisted upon the introduction into evidence of this tainted confession, but referred to it on multiple occasions. The State's contention that it desired to have the tainted evidence come to the jury's attention merely to place the concededly proper portion of the confession in some form of comprehensible context demonstrates that it was not harmless error to admit it. This is so, as the good evidence standing alone must be sufficient to convict, and we must be convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the jury was in no way influenced by the bad. The harmless error rule, as it pertains to the fifth and sixth amendments, has been and should be carefully circumscribed for the reasons given in People v. Jablonski, 38 Mich. App. 33, 38-39, 195 N.W.2d 777, 780 (1972), where it is said that:
"Continued expansion of the harmless error rule will merely encourage prosecutors to attempt to get such testimony in, since they know that, if they have a strong case, such testimony will not be considered to be reversible error, yet if they have a weak case, they will use such testimony to buttress the case to gain a conviction and then hope that the issue is not raised on appeal."
Accordingly, we hold that the error committed here was not harmless beyond a reasonable doubt and reverse the petitioner's conviction.
Judgments of the Court of Special Appeals and the Circuit Court for Baltimore County reversed, and the case remanded for a new trial.
Costs to be paid by the County Council of Baltimore County.
stating that no penalty shall flow from the exercise of one's right to remain silent
Summary of this case from Newman v. State
In Younie v. State, 272 Md. 233, 322 A.2d 211 (1974), decided two years before the Supreme Court ruled in Doyle post- Miranda silence to be inadmissible, we reaffirmed that a defendant's custodial silence could not be used against him or her at his or her trial.
Summary of this case from Kosh v. State
stating that "[s]ilence in the context of a custodial inquisition is presumed to be an exercise of the privilege against self-incrimination from which no legal penalty can flow . . ." and "we must assume that the petitioner's failure to answer was an invocation of his fifth amendment privilege"
Summary of this case from Crosby v. State
dealing primarily with the constitutional aspects of the matter, although recognizing the general rule of evidence
Summary of this case from State v. Raithel
applying Chapman to constitutional error
Summary of this case from Brafman v. State
In Younie v. State, 272 Md. 233, 322 A.2d 211 (1974), we held that the admissibility into evidence of the fact that the appellant, when interrogated by the police, had "refused to answer" a number of incriminating questions, was in violation of the protections afforded him by the Fifth and Sixth Amendments and that such error was not "harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.
Summary of this case from Dorsey v. State
In Younie v. State, 272 Md. 233, 248, 322 A.2d 211 (1974), we explained that "[t]he harmless error rule, as it pertains to the [F]ifth and [S]ixth Amendments, has been and should be carefully circumscribed...."
Summary of this case from Harris v. State
In Younie the defendant answered several questions, but asserted his right to remain silent and refused to answer several others.
Summary of this case from Poole v. State
In Younie, during a custodial interrogation Younie waived his right to remain silent and agreed to answer some, but not all, questions about the underlying crimes.
Summary of this case from Campbell v. State

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Irish mushroom ingredients supplier breaks into US market
By Hank Schultz
©Getty Images - Vladimir Gerasimov
Related tags: mushrooms, fungi
Irish mushroom ingredients supplier MBio is breaking into the US and Canadian markets via a distribution deal with Brenntag Food & Nutrition.
Brenntag, based in Reading, PA, will distribute the ingredients manufactured by MBio, with is the innovation are of Monaghan Mushrooms Group, an Irish mushroom supplier. The company, founded in the 1980s, now claims a number of major retail grocery chains as its customers. The company now has more than 3,000 employees spread across Ireland, the UK, Europe and Canada.
MBio, the company's ingredient development division, was launched in 2012. The division offers whole mushroom powders and vitamin D mushroom powder. It is also said to have a vitamin B12 and a mushroom protein ingredient under development.
Nutrient dense source
A paper published this year in the journal Food Science & Nutrition found that mushrooms could be a valuable addition to American diets. The paper, which used NHANES data from the 2011-2016 time frame, found that a 3 ounce (84 gram) serving contributed to an increase in dietary fiber (5%–6%), copper (24%–32%) and phosphorus (6%).
Other nutrient increases include potassium (12%–14%), selenium (13%– 14%), zinc (5%–6%), riboflavin (13%–15%), niacin (13%–14%), and choline (5%–6%) in both adolescents and adults.
Addition of mushrooms exposed to UV light to increase vitamin D levels to 5 micrograms per serving (μg/serving) also almost doubled vitamin D intake (98%–104%) and decreased inadequacy, the authors wrote.
https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2021/02/04/Mushrooms-make-up-shortfall-in-dietary-nutrients
"The team at MBio are delighted to be working with Brenntag Food & Nutrition in North America. The United States and Canada are key growth markets for our products," said Paul Grenville, CCO of MBio. "We see a unique opportunity for our whole food Vegan Vitamin D and B12 Mushroom Powders to create sustainable clean-label solutions for customers."
"MBio's innovative products are a great addition to our product portfolio and allow us to provide differentiated value to our customers," said Larry Davis, Brenntag's President of Nutrition Americas.
The US mushroom market was sized at $5 billion in 2017. Market research firms have pegged its grown potential at 6.3% CAGR through 2023.
Related topics: Markets and Trends
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RiceBran Technologies refocusing on excipients, other specialty items


Sebamed Baby Cleansing Bar 100g is specially formulated for the sensitive skin of babies, promoting acid mantle which serves as a protective barrier against bacteria or viruses.
100% soap and alkali free for gentle total body hygiene. Its pH value of 5.5 and mild emollient formula supports the moisture balance of baby's skin and the development of the skin's biologically protective acid mantle, which is consolidated in the first months after birth. The natural moisturizing agents urea, vitamins and amino acids leave the delicate skin smooth and soft. Panthenol soothes and protects the skin against irritation.No tears formula. Dermatologically/clinically tested.Contents: 100g e.Quality through research.www.sebamed.com.
For delicate skin.Baby.Sebamed®.Ideal for pH 5.5 healthy skin.Baby cleansing bar.Promotes the development of the acid mantle.The best protection from the first day.
Triticum Vulgare Starch, Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate, Palmitic Acid, Stearic Acid, Glyceryl Stearate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Talc, Aqua, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Lactate, Cera Alba, Panthenol, Inulin, Lecithin, Glycine, Magnesium Aspartate, Alanine, Lysine, Leucine, Parfum, CI 77891.


text:
Q: Add a left "leaf" to binary tree in C I am learning the C language and trying to build a C binary tree library. My structure is defined as:
struct Node {
    int value;
    struct Node *left;
    struct Node *right;
};

typedef struct Node TNode;
typedef struct Node *binary_tree;

It is created like this:
binary_tree NewBinaryTree(int value_root) {
    binary_tree newRoot = malloc(sizeof(TNode));
    if (newRoot) {
        newRoot->value = value_root;
        newRoot->left = NULL;
        newRoot->right = NULL;
    }
    return newRoot;
}

I add elements to it like:
void Insert(binary_tree *tree, int val) {
    if (*tree == NULL) {
        *tree = (binary_tree)malloc(sizeof(TNode));
        (*tree)->value = val;
        (*tree)->left = NULL;
        (*tree)->right = NULL;
    } else {
        if (val < (*tree)->value) {
            Insert(&(*tree)->left, val);
        } else {
            Insert(&(*tree)->right, val);
        }
    }
}

This kinda "sort" the tree by checking the value.However I would like a function that simply add the val value to the left(left) without doing any sorting. I did:
void InsertLeft(binary_tree *tree, int val) {
     Insert(&(*tree)->left, val);
}

I call the function like this:
InsertLeft(&tree, 8);

I have a main program that initialise the tree like this:
  tree = NewBinaryTree(3);

Also a tree display method:
void display_binary_tree( binary_tree tree )
{
    if( tree != NULL )
    {
        display_binary_tree( tree->left ) ;
        printf( "%d " , tree->value ) ;
        display_binary_tree( tree->right ) ;
    }
}

and afterwards I can add elements by calling the Insert(binary_tree *tree, int val) function,  however when calling this function, it just crashes the program. I dont understand why.


It's the biggest film of the year so far. If you're going to argue that I still hasn't broken every record yet, it probably will by the time you've verbalized your dissent. And so, after the release of JURASSIC WORLD, the people from the Spoiler Room got together to discuss the pros and cons of this dino-spectacular.
I join Cole Meredith, Paul Salzer and Mark "the Movieman" Krawczyk on this episode that does contain a few spoilers and some vocabulary that pushes the PG-13 rating. With that in my, strap in for this latest episode of the Spoiler Room!


text:
The sisterhood: Lesley Joseph, as Mother Superior and, in bed, Deloris, Sandra Marvin surrounded by the nuns of the convent. Pictures: Manuel Harlan
Birmingham Hippodrome
It's slick, bursting with life and oodles of fun, with some great singing, a story with a heart – it even sports the youngest Pope since *Benedict IX! It's a night of rock solid entertainment.
Sister Act, set at Christmas 1977, has been filling theatre pews since its Pasadena days in 2006, hitting the big time in the West End in 2009 and then Broadway two years later and this new production adds a new dusting of pizzazz to the party.
Sandra Marvin is a larger than life Deloris Van Cartier, the lounge singer with attitude, a big personality and an even bigger voice whether its a disco number such as Take Me To Heaven or the eponymous ballad, Sister Act.
Her less than stellar club career goes on hold though when she is put in witness protection after being a witness to a murder.
Now the ideal place to hide a feisty singer with a penchant for night clubs, Philly cheese steaks, booze, cigarettes and the like is . . . a nunnery?
In this case the aptly named Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow where a sorrowful dwindling group of nuns are under the heavenly(ish) charms of the Mother Superior, played by Lesley Joseph.
One suspects Dorien would not have been Rome's first choice as a Mother Superior but Miss Joseph brings her own particular charm to the role. She may not get a call anytime soon from the WNO for her singing, getting by by largely talking her way through her numbers, which worked a treat, but she brings her own distinct brand of acerbic wit and splendid timing to the cause.
Clive Rowe as Steady Eddie
Installing Deloris in the convent is Philadelphia Police Department's finest, Eddie Souther, played by Clive Rowe. Steady Eddie had the hots for Deloris when they were in high school together and the flame is still flickering.
Eddie is quiet, unassuming, one might even say boring – until he sings and Mr Cellophane is no more. Rowe has a fabulous baritone and his I Could be That Guy starts as a sad ballad, morphing, along with his costumes into disco, then back to a boring steady Eddie reality.
When it comes to voices Lizzie Bea as postulant Sister Mary Robert takes some beating. Her The Life I Never Led is a showstopper with a last perfect high note seemingly ringing out forever. Voice control to die for.
Head cleric on the side of the goodies is Graham MacDuff as Monsignor O'Hara who slowly switches from ecclesiastical crimson to more Saturday Night Fever disco sequins as Deloris gets the convent choir into order.
This was a choir that were probably passable until someone invented tunes which left them sounding like a group of cats being neutered without anaesthetic.
Just one scene and one song and Deloris has them singing like the disco version of the Choir of King's College, Cambridge – eat your heart out Gareth Malone.
Lizzie Bea as Sister Mary Robert
If you have goodies you have to have baddies, so enter Jeremy Secomb as Curtis Jackson, the mob boss the Philly police have been after for years. Mind you, you would have thought he could have been arrested long ago for the suit alone!
He makes the mistake of shooting one of his gang who he thinks has grassed him up to the police. The mistake was being seen doing it by Deloris hiding nearby.
Deloris is his girlfriend, or from his married point of view, bit on the side, but neither love nor lust count when it comes to possible witnesses, so a hit is ordered to ensure Deloris's silence.
And that leads into When I Find My Baby when Curtis tells us how he is going to take Deloris out, vicious murder being an obvious subject of course for . . . disco?
And if it's disco how about a Four Tops style backing group, or in this case more a Three Nearer the Bottom backing group made up of Curtis's three henchmen.
There is his nephew TJ, played by Bradley Judge, great fun and laughs a lot, held back by an IQ that struggles to reach double figures; Joey, played by Tom Hopcroft, who sees himself as God's gift to women, presumably a present given to women God doesn't like very much; and Pablo played by Damian Buhagiar, who speaks in Spanish, lots of it, so we have no idea what he thinks – but the ladies did seem to like it when he ripped his shirt open.
The trio are great fun with their own number, Lady in the Long Black Dress, or in this case a bloke in jeans mopping the floor, providing another comedy highlight.
Everything is supported by a hard-working cast, who even provide a fleeting visit of a remarkably young looking Pope.
Mob boss Curtis with his backing group, Pablo, TJ and Joey
The nun's ensemble is a dream, nun better you might say, let's call them The Wimplettes, displaying good voices with a wonderful range of characters. They are fun and manage the not easy task of singing excruciatingly tunelessly brilliantly switching to full harmony as a real choir or disco divas with style.
Morgan Large's set is simple but effective with a series of horseshow shaped arches which, with Tim Mitchell's lighting, can be stained glass, city lights or disco. A sliding panel at the back, along with drops from the flies can provide disco, cloisters, a church, all changed without a break in the action helping to keep up a non-stop pace zipping the show along.
Tom Mashall's sound is well balanced complimenting a fine eight piece orchestra under musical director Neil MacDonald. The Lyrics are from Glenn Slater, who has School of Rock in his CV while the book is Cheri and Bill Steinkellner, who wrote and produced Cheers, so the pedigree is there.
The original film was back in 1992, starring Whoopi Goldberg, who is one of the producers of this new production which has added a few contemporary lines and extra sparkle to a show about friendship, sisterhood, heart and redemption. The plot has holes you could pass a cathedral through but then again this isn't meant to be Ibsen, it's pure escapism, forget your troubles, sit back and enjoy. What more could you ask? To 15-10-22.
*Nothing whatsoever to do with Sister Act, but Pope Benedict IX was Pope three times between 1032 and 1048, the only man to be Pope more than once. He first became Pope aged 20, some say he was only 12, winning the election thanks to his father's support, or as we would call it, extensive bribery.
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News \
News & Reports\
Report: Guru Purnima 2019
Published in News & Reports
Guru Purnima, the most auspicious day in the calendar of spiritual seekers, was celebrated the world over on Tuesday, 16 July 2019 to worship and offer gratitude and appreciation to the Spiritual Masters for their guidance, spiritual wisdom and enlightenment. It is the day when seekers take stock of themselves and very importantly make fresh resolves to aid them on the spiritual path. Devotees of Divine Life Society of South Africa assembled at 6am at Sivanandashram, Reservoir Hills, to pay homage and express their gratitude to our Divine Master, Sri Swami Sivananda, and Pujya Swami Sahajananda.
This day also marks the Birth Anniversary of the great Sage Vyasa. Our Divine Master, Sri Swami Sivananda states, "Sri Vyasa rendered unforgettable service to humanity for all times by editing the four Vedas and writing the eighteen Puranas, the Mahabharata and the Srimad Bhagavata. We can repay the deep debt of gratitude we owe him, only by constant study of his works and practise of his teachings." The same can be said of our Divine Master, who gave the truths of our ancient heritage in the most simple and easy to understand manner through hundreds of books written in English. We also pay our obeisance to all the Brahma Vidya Gurus, who have continued to carry the flame of our Glorious Hindu Dharma and guided millions of devotees on the pathway to God by Guru Parampara which is the uninterrupted succession of Gurus.
In Hindu Fasts and Festivals, our Divine Master wrote, "This day of worship of one's preceptor is a day of pure joy to the sincere spiritual aspirant. Thrilled by the expectation of offering their reverent homage to the beloved Guru, aspirants await this occasion with eagerness and devotion. It is the Guru alone who breaks the binding cords of attachment and releases the aspirant from the trammels of earthly existence. The Guru is the only real guarantee for the individual to transcend the bondage of sorrow and death, of pain and misery, and experience the bliss and peace of the Reality. The Guru is the standing witness to the all-pervading Self. He is the representation of the Lord on earth, and through worship of him one attains the Supreme Self."
This glorious Guru Purnima evening would not be complete without paying tribute to each and every dedicated devotee of our Divine Master, all our Donors and well-wishers who contribute and participate in our service activities.
We are pleased to report that by the Grace of Gurudev, all the Society's activities including our Centenary and 70th Anniversary Celebrations are progressing well. The highlight of our 70th Anniversary celebrations will take place at our grand Sivananda Conference on 7 and 8 September 2019 at Sivananda International Cultural Centre. The theme of the conference is "Swami Sivananda's contributions to South Africa and the world".
On this auspicious occasion and in the name of our Divine Master and Pujya Swamiji, let us re-dedicate our lives to practising our Gurudev's teachings and serving and promoting his mission.
Our Master's message was taken from the book Bliss Divine, entitled "Surrender and Grace". Herewith, a few excerpts: "If you want to drink water at the tap, you will have to bend yourself. Even so, if you want to drink the spiritual nectar of immortality which flows from the holy lips of the Guru, you will have to be an embodiment of humility and meekness. The lower nature of the mind must be thoroughly regenerated. The aspirant says to his preceptor: 'I want to practise Yoga. I want to enter into the super conscious state. I want to sit at your feet. I have given myself to you.' But he does not want to change his lower nature and habits, old character, behaviour and conduct."
The Platinum Anniversary Brochure was released as our Guru Purnima offering to our beloved Master. The brochure highlights the service activities of the Society for the past 70 years. We are grateful to the many devotees who worked tirelessly to compile and edit this book. This Guru Purnima offering will furnish readers with new material that was put together in an innovative and creative manner. The brochure, along with its attractive pictures also contains numerous profound thoughts on spirituality and the importance of the Guru. It pays homage to our Divine Master, Sri Swami Sivananda, Pujya Swami Sahajananda, Swami Atmananda and also honours the contributions made by the pioneers of the Society. "In the space allocated to expressing our appreciation, we cannot do justice to all the stalwarts of Divine Life Society of S.A. who made tremendous sacrifices, enduring many hardships as they silently and sincerely promoted the Mission of our Divine Master, Sri Swami Sivananda here in South Africa. On this auspicious 70th Anniversary of the Society, we offer our deep gratitude to them for the supportive role they have all played in the growth of the Society. They have done their share, now it is up to us to walk in their noble footsteps". Along with the historic and contemporary photographs, most readers will welcome the beautiful pictures of our Divine Master, many of which haven't featured before in our Society's publications.
In the audio message, Pujya Swamiji spent time on the importance of developing a concentrated mind to accomplish success in spiritual life. He said, "We can never say what the saints give us. We might think we are empty-handed but what is wanted is not these marvellous experiences of seeing visions and lights and hearing things and getting emotional. What is wanted is the inner power, the strength, the power to do our Sadhana properly. Everything must be done thoroughly and not in a slipshod manner if we want to realise God. So today, we don't seem to have that strength. We do things in a haphazard manner. Even to clean a table or a room, it is virtually impossible to teach anyone because the mind is not concentrated." Pujya Swamiji stated that this is the "basic reason why there is lack of spiritual progress". He urged us not to imitate anyone in our Sadhana. Be natural and simple, he said.
Devotees of our Verulam branch presented a beautifully choreographed dance as an offering to the Guru and in praise of Ganga Mata.
We in Divine Life Society of South Africa are extremely blessed that our Divine Master has given us Guru-Bhakti Yoga as the Yoga for us to follow. Pujya Swami Sahajananda was a perfect example of how Guru Bhakti should be practiced and proved throughout his life the efficacy of faith, devotion, surrender and loyalty to Gurudev. Gurudev says, "A true disciple is one who serves his Guru till the end of his life. If the disciple survives after the Guru gives up his mortal coil, he should lead the remaining portion of his life strictly in accordance with his Guru's instructions and live to preach them to others by practising them himself. The best form of worship of the Guru is to follow his teachings, to shine as the very embodiment of his teachings, and to propagate his glory and message."
Last modified on Monday, 22 July 2019 15:59
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Towards a shared utopia: WG alternatives
From progressive forms of flat-sharing to the shiny new start-up culture of co-housing, we checked out alternatives for all ages.
Photo by Jacob Spetzler
Almost half of Berlin households are single apartments. Are you unwillingly living in one of them? If you're sitting in your lonely, one-bedroom flat reading this, longing for someone to chat to over dinner, or feeling alone because your current housemates don't share your most sacred worldviews, then you might be interested in alternative kinds of communal living. Here are some examples that may give you hope – or make you think twice before leaving your bachelor pad.
A new trend has hit the WG-scene: the Funktionale WG. Here, furthering the meaning of "shared" housing, private rooms are non-existent: every space in the apartment is communal and serves a different purpose. There are designated rooms for studying, sleeping and… well, sex. This April, Berliners Jonas and Marius put an ad on wgcompany.de (the lefty's wg-gesucht.de) seeking members for their own functional WG, stating "We want to try out new forms of living together, and not ask ourselves for the rest of our lives if it could have worked." And their search was successful: last month they moved, along with five new flatmates, into a renovated Altbau apartment close to Friedrichshain's Boxhagener Platz. Their new 125sqm home is divided into a kitchen, two bathrooms, only one bedroom (currently filled with a bunch of mattresses), a living room, a study and a Kreativraum in which they can make art, music and love (there's already an extra bed for that). The seven 20-somethings, their occupations ranging from studying social work to fulltime programming, are united in left-wing solidarity – as is proven by their rental agreement: "It's unfair to ask someone with a lower income to pay the same amount as others who make more, leaving them with almost no money to live," says Jonas. What each individual pays differs month to month from €300 to €500. Jonas, living from a well-paid traineeship, is on the higher end of the spectrum. "I feel good about being able to support this house with my income and helping us as a group." But no matter how much rent they pay, everybody has the same power in decision-making. "We don't want hierarchy within our community," Jonas says. In their weekly circle meetings, which can last up to three hours, the group discusses everything from the big questions ("Are we going to tell our neighbours about us?") to which kind of Haferflocken they would prefer for breakfast. All food in the house is shared and for environmental reasons, the WG is vegan-only. "You could bring your own, personal cheese into the house, but we would have to discuss it," explains Kira, one of the first who joined Jonas and Marius in their project.
The boutique bubble
Residents get to hang out in the "Club House": an informal workplace including a restaurant and cosy couches, where drinking coffee and playing ping-pong is encouraged."
Settling into a new city can take a while, but co-living companies are here to conveniently speed up the process by renting out accommodation and work space under one roof. "We try to minimise the time tenants need to adapt to a new city," says Yoni Karako, co-founder of Vonder. As the city's seventh co-living venture, Vonder opened its first Berlin location in April of this year and quickly expanded, now counting eight different buildings with more than 500 residents. Their "artsy" Kreuzberg location on Köpenicker Straße only accepts residents working in the creative field or at tech start-ups, aged between 21 and 32 years old, while their 44 apartment complex in Charlottenburg's Bismarckstraße, opened two months ago, mostly targets students. Here, residents get to hang out in the "Club House" (photo below): an informal workplace including a restaurant and cosy couches, where drinking coffee and playing ping-pong is encouraged. Vonder offers free-of-charge help with the Anmeldung and opening a German bank account with N26. Starting next month, Bismarckstraße will also have a gym, a laundry room with a speakeasy, and a Späti, giving tenants no reason to ever leave the building. "We don't necessarily focus on expats," says Karako, "but at about 75 percent, they're definitely the majority of our residents." If you don't mind living coddled in a mostly expat populated bubble, you can either, for a minimum of six months, share a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen with a roommate for €390 per month or afford yourself the privacy of a one-bedroom apartment for €900 per month.
Prefer to live with women? Berlin is home to three female-only Beginenhöfe, which in medieval times were laid-back alternatives to monasteries for unmarried Christians. But nowadays you don't have to be strictly religious or an old spinster to apply for an apartment here. Beginenhof Kreuzberg welcomes women from all backgrounds and is currently home to 55 residents, aged 23 to 85, in 52 individual apartments. Half of them are single, the other half are divorced or widowed, and two actually have their male partners living with them. Community is highly important to the mostly retired ladies: in the daytime they can have lunch together or sit in their communal garden, while in the evenings various resident clubs meet in their downstairs common room to watch films, discuss books, sing or do yoga. "Of course we're not all best friends, but we do help each other and when you get sick, there is always someone who will bring you a cup of tea to your bedside," says 85-year-old Jutta Kämper. A former squatter and urban planner, she is one of the founders of Beginenhof Kreuzberg and a happy resident since her Verein realised the project in 2007 on a piece of land bought from the district of Kreuzberg. The women found a Dutch developer to build their dream house, allowing them to individually buy the 52 to 100sqm flats. Since then, they initiated two more women-run houses: Müggelhof in Friedrichshain and Florahof in Pankow. Now the Verein has served its purpose and community life is organised between the apartment owners and the current tenants. "Some of the initial owners have died, but the heirs are only legally allowed to rent out to women, or move in themselves. So far this has been working fine for us." Currently, the house is fully occupied and spaces only become available once someone sells or sublets their apartment. "We have very few non-German women living here, and I don't know how they found out about us," Kämper says, "it's a bit of an insiders' thing!" So now you're in the know, you too can keep an eye out for their flats on the market.
by Eva Salomon
Berlin news in English: daily blog
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What did German politics mean in 2022? The end of principles


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Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 14;7(1):15502. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15570-8.
Associations between Th17-related inflammatory cytokines and asthma in adults: A Case-Control Study.
Zhou T1,2, Huang X3,4,5, Zhou Y4,5, Ma J4,5, Zhou M4,5, Liu Y3, Xiao L4,5, Yuan J4,5, Xie J6, Chen W7,8.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China.
Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China. xiejjgg@hotmail.com.
Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China. wchen@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.
Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China. wchen@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.
Chronic airway inflammation is recognized as an essential process in the pathogenesis of asthma. Cytokine profiles derived from immune and inflammation cells such as T-helper (Th) cells, eosinophilia and neutrophilia are not limited to the Th2 type in asthma. However, little is understood about associations between Th2-low inflammatory cytokine profiles and risk of asthma in adults. A case-control study of 910 adult asthma and 881 healthy controls was conducted. Inflammatory cytokines screening was undertaken by high-throughput protein microarray technology, and Th17-related inflammatory cytokines (IL17A, IL-9, adipsin and CCL11) were finally selected. Associations between these four cytokines and adult asthma risk were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models. We observed that plasma IL-17A and IL-9 levels were significantly increased in asthmatics when compared with controls. However, the plasma expressions of adipsin and CCL11 in asthmatics were significantly lower than that in health controls. The adjusted ORs (95%CI) of association between IL-17A, IL-9, adipsin and CCL11 expressions and adult asthma were 3.08 (1.91, 4.97), 1.93 (1.41, 2.64), 10.02 (6.99, 14.37) and 3.29 (2.36, 4.59), respectively (all P trend < 0.0001). Our results suggested that elevated IL-17A and IL-9 expressions and decreased levels of adipsin and CCL11 were positively associated with adult asthma.
Asthma/genetics*
Asthma/immunology
Asthma/pathology
Biomarkers/metabolism
Chemokine CCL11/genetics*
Chemokine CCL11/immunology
Complement Factor D/genetics
Complement Factor D/immunology
Interleukin-17/genetics*
Interleukin-17/immunology
Interleukin-9/genetics*
Interleukin-9/immunology
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Th17 Cells/immunology*
Th17 Cells/pathology
Th2 Cells/immunology
Th2 Cells/pathology
CCL11 protein, human
Chemokine CCL11
IL17A protein, human
IL9 protein, human
Complement Factor D
complement factor D, human
Asthma - Genetic Alliance
Asthma - MedlinePlus Health Information


Zacharia, ex street child, with the late Christopher Mulenga of FOSC at his graduation ceremony.
After the 2008 financial crisis support for street children NGO's became more difficult to find in Zambia. Of four organisations looking after street children in Kitwe, only Friends of the Street Children (FSC) remains.
Between 2005 and 2007 Romilly's supporters generously paid for the construction of two dormitories and a borehole for FSC. Since 2008 Romilly's charity and supporters and Friends of Africa have helped to make sure that FSC can continue to protect children from the disease and brutality of the streets.
In addition to all the usual horrors of street life gangs of criminals coerce children into stealing copper for them. This imposes huge risks on the children. At the very least they risk a criminal record. Since the police shoot copper thieves on sight they may not get to prison, and even if they do they are unlikely to get out alive since in Africa, prison for someone young and defenseless is tantamount to a death sentence.
In order to monitor activity on the street, the number of street children and gain their trust FSC visit the streets of Kitwe regularly. " We have to park the van nearby. When things get dangerous we need a quick get away. If we rescue children from the streets we are taking their labour from the copper thieves. We are their enemies." Romilly's supporters have paid for the van and the petrol to go in it.
Staff are also able to persuade some new arrivals to return home, before they become embedded in street life.
Once at the shelter the work of reintegration begins. The remains of the children's families need to be located so that they may eventually rejoin them. And while location and negotiation are proceeding the children need to be cared for, domesticated and brought back into the education system.
If you would like news of how they are progressing please fill in the form below. We promise not to share your details with third parties.


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This entry was posted in Traditional Astrology, Underworld, Venus and tagged Egyptian, Isis.
I am always happy to discover an astrological blog focusing so heavily on myth and archetype. This is an excellent read.


Daniel Jahn, CSCS, USAW, NASM-PES is a sports performance specialist at Volt Athletics and owner and Director of Training and Education of Maximum Sports Conditioning. He has been in and around sports training for 19 years – as a baseball athlete at the University of Washington from 1997 to 2000, and later as a coach. When a back injury ended his career in 2000, he was hired as an assistant baseball coach at UW, and an internship in the Husky weight room turned into a part-time strength coach position the following year. In 2002, he became a full-time coach in charge of Baseball, Softball, Swimming, and Volleyball, but he also worked extensively with Football, and helped with Basketball, Track and Soccer.
Along with training thousands of collegiate athletes and the 2005 NCAA National Championship UW Volleyball team, he has trained professionals of all backgrounds – ranging from Mixed Martial Arts to Olympic Snowboarding. He has held numerous clinics and seminars for youth of all sports, performed instructional training seminars for personal trainers, organized and facilitated strength and conditioning coaches' clinics, was a guest lecturer at the University of Washington Student Athlete Academic Services Center and UW-Bothell, organized and facilitated summer baseball camps for kids, and was a part-time columnist for STACK magazine (articles written appear in April 05, Oct. 05, Nov. 05, Feb. 06 issues). In 2006-2007, he was Director of Training and Education at Endzone Athletics, where he established and operated programs for high school athletes. Among his many articles, he authored 'College Preparation: Manual for Athletic Success', a workbook designed to prepare athletes for collegiate athletics.
In addition to his training, Daniel is also active in the community. He serves on the boards for the Austin Foundation and Athletes Beyond Borders, mentors in the Bellevue Groundbreakers program, and in 2009 he received the Inspire the Future Award from the Seattle Mariners and Fidelity Investments for his work with inner-city baseball teams, players and coaches. In 2010-2011, he also created a fundraiser for the Austin Foundation called the Washington's Strongest School Competition.
The rise of social media in the performance training industry has brought us positives as well as negatives. Volt Sport Performance Specialist, Daniel Jahn, CSCS, USAW, NASM-PES, discusses how to navigate this new era of information, and the sport performance tenets that hold true regardless of how information is shared.


The new cascading front grille is surrounded by a redesigned front fascia with available LED headlights. At the rear you'll find the restyled taillights, trunk and lower body panel. Popular advanced safety features include Blind Spot Detection with Rear Cross-traffic Alert.
Seating for seven. Better for all. The standard 18-inch alloy wheels and available LED taillights give you plenty of opportunities to attract attention. Available Dynamic Bending Light is designed to turn the headlights with the direction of the curve as you turn the steering wheel.
Up to 5 quarts. Sales tax and shop supply charge is extra. certain oil change offer may not be applicable to certain models. Non-applicable vehicles will qualify for the savings amount as a discount on your service bill. Offer not redeemable for cash and cannot be combined with one or more special offers. Prices quoted do not include tax, but savings amounts are accurate. Offer expires .
Make sure your car is road trip ready this holiday!
Up to 5 quarts. Conventional oil change offer may not be applicable to certain models. Non-applicable vehicles will qualify for the savings amount as a discount on your service bill. Offer not redeemable for cash and cannot be combined with one or more special offers. Prices quoted do not include tax, but savings amounts are accurate. Offer expires .
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Our Financing department here is one of the best in the DeLand area. We understand that different customers have different credit and we want to get you in a car, despite other dealerships not getting you approved. Come put us to the test and help us help you. This black friday sale will be the best of both worlds we get to sell a car and also put a great customer into one and make their year with a new or used car. Come see us today or click the shop any of our new cars and it will let you buy your car ONLINE!!! Don't miss out.


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TVNZ teletext was the only analog teletext in New Zealand. It was also available on Freeview. It was launched in 1984 with funding raised in the 1981 New Zealand Telethon, to provide news and information for the deaf. The information service closed on 2 April 2013, but television captions will continue. TVNZ cited the reasons for closure due to the aging equipment used and the reduce need for such a service as most information can now be found online.

It carried:
World and New Zealand news
Extensive weather information, including marine and coastal forecasts
Sports news, results and statistics
Business news
Financial market information
International and domestic flight arrivals and departures
TV schedules
Lottery results
TAB horse racing and sports betting odds and results (still available on Trackside Channel, page 600)
Lifestyle information such as horoscopes

It also had captions to most recorded programs.

Teletext was available to viewers of TVNZ channels such as TV One, TV2 and TVNZ U. The service was also available on privately owned station TV3. A separate Teletext service is available to Trackside viewers on page 600; this service has continued to operate following the closure of the TVNZ service. TAB horse was also available on the TVNZ service.

References

TVNZ
Teletext
1984 establishments in New Zealand
1984 in New Zealand television
2013 disestablishments in New Zealand