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Being smarter in 2020: Star ads in 1920 give a glimpse of life for Tucson women
Johanna Eubank
Sep 15, 2020 Updated Sep 28, 2020
An electric vacuum cleaner saved women time when house cleaning in 1920.
What was it like for women 100 years ago? We can learn some of that by looking at ads in the Arizona Daily Star from 1920.
In Tucson in 1920, phone numbers had only three digits. A Victrola was the newest thing in home entertainment. Women could vote.
In Arizona, that was not entirely new, but as election season geared up in the summer and fall of 1920, women were told that not only did they have the right to vote, but it was their duty.
Mostly women were the caretakers, the homemakers, the child rearers and sometimes the fashionable ones. Men were the providers. Of course there were always exceptions to these roles.
When women went to vote, buy the children's school clothes or went out for any other purpose, they wore hats. They dressed up. They didn't wear what they wore at home during the day.
Housework was quite different 100 years ago, but women were being "freed" from housework by electric appliances.
An advertisement in the Arizona Daily Star about the electric vacuum cleaner said women could start the morning dressed for the afternoon. With an electric vacuum cleaner a woman wouldn't have to wear a house dress and wrap her head in a towel —because of dust — as she cleaned. And, as the ad states, "you need not rush to change your dress when you see the leader of your social club coming down the street." How is that housewife watching for this person if she is diligently cleaning?
A cleaning tip from Martha Stewart: If your house is a mess and someone rings the doorbell, pull out the vacuum cleaner and leave it out on the way to answering the door. If your visitor comes inside, they will assume you were cleaning and they interrupted you.
Another ad said that women could "wash without work" with an electric washing machine. It was surely a lot easier than the old wringer washers, but no work? Not likely. An electric washing machine could also save money because a woman no longer needed to hire help. That may be true, but she had to pay an electric bill.
An electric sewing machine enabled a woman to skip the treadle and just press her foot on a pedal to operate the machine. But she still had to cut out the fabric, pin or baste the pieces together, press seams and all the other steps to sewing a garment.
An electric fan brought happiness to the home as it cooled. Electricity was quite wonderful and freed women to do other things, like listening to the Victrola, assuming that after purchasing this modern miracle, they could afford the records to play on it.
Yes, a lot of things are easier today than 100 years ago. We women may not have to keep an eye on the front walk as we clean in our homes in house dresses, lest the social club leader appear and discover we actually do clean our houses.
Women are as likely to be found running companies as running homes.
One thing is still the same. Women — indeed, all of us — still have a duty to vote.
Newspaper ads from 1920
Advertisement for electric sewing machine
The electric sewing machine saved a woman's feet.
Arizona Daily Star archives
Advertisement for electric fan
The electric fan was marketed as a lifesaver in 1920.
Advertisement for hats
Women wore hats when they went out in 1920.
Advertisement for Mazola
An ad for Mazola to make better pie crusts appeared in 1920.
Advertisement for a new oven and range
The latest in ranges was marketed in 1920.
Advertisement for a Victrola
The latest in home entertainment, the Victrola.
Advertisement for electric washing machine
Women were told they could "wash without work" in 1920.
Advertisement for electric laundry devices
in 1920, an electric washer meant a woman didn't need to hire help for the laundry.
Advertisement for vacuum cleaner
A brief guide to state absentee voting rules and resources for requesting mail-in ballots for the upcoming election.
Contact Johanna Eubank at
jeubank@tucson.com
Local-history
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Online producer
Johanna Eubank is a digital producer for the Arizona Daily Star and tucson.com. She has been with the Star in various capacities since 1991.
This long-awaited Mexican restaurant has opened its doors in Marana
For Star subscribers: In the works since last April, Guadalajara's Mexican restaurant is open in Marana, serving its classic dishes.
East-side Tucson apartment complex sells for $65.5 million
For Star subscribers: This 410-unit apartment complex built on Tucson's east side in the 1970s has sold for $65.5 million.
Union nurses claim 'unsafe' conditions at two Tucson hospitals
Staffing shortages and restricted communication with hospital administration have put patients at risk, nurses said at a protest Thursday.
Woman in wheelchair struck, killed crossing Tucson street
Tucson police were searching for a driver who fled after fatally hitting a woman in a wheelchair who was crossing a midtown street.
Tucson boy, 13, accused of stabbing mom to death
Police say the 13-year-old was in an argument with his mother and as it escalated, the mother was physically assaulted and stabbed.
56 Pima County employees fired for not complying with vaccine mandate
County required employees who worked with vulnerable populations to get vaccinated. Jail had the most terminations with 17.
Coronavirus cases in Arizona, mapped by county: Jan. 11
Here's a daily map of coronavirus cases in Arizona, broken down by county.
Ex-prosecutor sues Pima County Attorney's Office over records
David Berkman is seeking access to records related to the civil suit involving Louis Taylor, who served 42 years in prison in the the deadly fire at Tucson's Pioneer Hotel in 1970.
Sheriff's Department commander sues Mercedes-Benz over severed thumb
Pima County Sheriff Department Chief Deputy Richard Kastigar says the self-closing automatic door on his SUV malfunctioned, severing his right thumb.


Bernard Harry Galbraith was assigned to the 4th Marine Division COE, 2BN, 23MAR, 4MARDIV, FMF, VOLCANO IS.
Please contact us with any biographical data, pictures or other information regarding the service and life of Bernard Galbraith, Purple Heart recipient.
The contained information on Bernard Harry Galbraith is gathered and extracted from military records from a variety of sources. This material in no way represents this serviceman's complete military record; we welcome additional material. If you can help add to Bernard Galbraith's military record please contact us. This can include award citations and photos.


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The First App of Its Kind
Studiowide > News > Web/App Development > The First App of Its Kind
We're immensely proud to be involved in a new virtual reality/augmented reality app for Alder Hey Children's Hospital and Charity and the NHS, the first app of its kind that's designed to both educate and entertain NHS patients and parents of young patients.
Alder Play is an augmented reality app for tablets that's designed to both educate and entertain.
Children choose an animated avatar who can act as a virtual guide as they visit different parts of the hospital.
This friend can play games with to distract them from scary thoughts, and can minimise anxiety by answering questions about what medical procedures need to happen and why.
Kids can watch educational videos that show what it's like to get an x-ray, for example. All while collecting badges for any tests, treatments, or operations they undergo.
"Our vision is to transform the experience of children in hospital," says Nick Barnes, the consultant behind the app. "We wanted to distract patients during procedures, and reduce their worries and fears."
"Rewarding children following procedures and treatments was another vital element as it helps to encourage their progress – [they] can be given for something as simple as having a dressing changed, to getting out of bed after an operation or having a scan."
The new Alder Play app is a great example of co-operation across disciplines:[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]
Alder Hey Children's Charity, Shop Direct, Liverpool John Lennon Airport, and NHS England all helped fund the project, while ustwo, IBM, Hasbro, FACT Liverpool, Jungle Interactive, Lucy Casson, Tate Liverpool, The Hartree Centre, IBM, and Studiowide, all contributed content to support it.
app development augmented reality virtual reality
Sharing in Growth Choose Studiowide
Bombardier Internal Communications
Web Development for Cardiac Network
We are excited and extremely proud to have been selected to design and develop the new website for the North West, North Wales and Isle of Man Congenital Heart Network.
Studiowide were recently selected to work with the Rolls-Royce Ethics team to create a web platform that will deliver the official Rolls-Royce Ethics guidelines to over 50,000 employees across 46 countries.
Marketing isn't a

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Oscar Mayer teamed up with ad agency McGarrybowen to create a hilarious ad that would go viral without a huge infusion of cash. The trick is to actually make funny, entertaining, and engaging content, and that's exactly what they did.
Now, the new ad spot is going viral, and is featured on TastefullOffensive, BuzzFeed, PleatedJeans, and TwentyTwoWords.


If you've seen my last two videos, you'll know by now how much I love to decorate my home for Christmas. There are so many fun Christmas decorating ideas and dressing my outdoor planters for the Christmas season is one of my favorite.
Like any project, there are so many ways to do this, but I'll show you how I decorate my outdoor Christmas planters using fresh sprigs of cedar and pine along with some simple items that I re-use every year for this very project.
Decorated Christmas planters are a great way to welcome your Christmas guests AND potential buyers as they approach your home.
What a fun, easy and inexpensive way to add festive flair that's sure to impress.
If you decide to decorate yours, I'd love to see the finished product. Be sure to leave a comment or send me a picture below.


'Crave Sydney' the culinary diversity of the Australian metropolis is celebrated in October for the first time Sydney can be happy about a new event: October 2009 the Sydney International Food Festival takes place under the name Crave Sydney for the first time. From October 1-31 the most famous chefs of the city and internationally renowned chefs will feed visitors at many dinner parties, markets, street festivals and open air events. The Australian city is known for its diverse cuisine from the renowned star restaurant to the simple cuisine at the idyllic backyard you will find various culinary delights in Sydney. The Crave Sydney celebrates for the first time this culinary diversity and invites visitors to explore the various city districts at various events and local specialities. Additional information is available at Bill de Blasio. "The Sydney Morning Herald is the prelude grower's market" on October 3, where fresh products offered by over 80 farmers from the region. On several days in October the so-called found in Hyde Park Night noodle markets"instead, where street vendors sell Asian specialties. "When the World chef showcase weekend" from October 9 to 11 international star chefs like Pichet prepare Ong from New York, from Spain, Sergi Arola Edward Kwon of Korea and the German Rainer Becker treats to.
The focus is the Asian cuisine, which heavily influenced Australian cuisine by cooking techniques and ingredients. Another highlight is the breakfast on the bridge"on the morning of 25 October. Picnic on the world famous harbour bridge, the bridge for the traffic is completely blocked and covered with grass. "Well strengthened it goes then walk to the 7 bridges". The 25-kilometre circuit leads over seven bridges and through many different ethnic neighbourhoods. More details about Crave Sydney under to the 7 bridges walk"under. German-language information on Sydney at.


Make no mistake-big bird is in the fridge waiting for his day in the oven. Here is a recipe option for the next day. Lentil soup is your ticket to a balanced meal in a bowl. All good, no excess.
Best of all, the taste of lentils is comfort personified. The most challenging part is cooking without burning them.
Once, the soup starts to cook down, the lentils get sticky. First they stick, then they burn. If this happens, kill the burner, take a whiff, if you don't smell BURN, cover them and give them a few minutes to unstick themselves. Then, add a little water, stir well, turn them on and start again. If you have burned them -quickly get another pot and pour the soup in it- you can scoop down to the bottom except for the burned lentils (or you will have the scorched flavor for dinner- which I don't recommend). Try it!
Put washed lentils, salt, garlic, oil and water into a large pot on low heat. Bring to a boil slowly, so it doesn't boil over. Cook for at least two hours, uncovered stirring regularly. When the water has cooked down after about 45 minutes, set a timer and check it every 15 minutes, stirring it well. You may need to add more water.
Lentil soup takes well to add-ons- like chicken broth in lieu of water, or adding leftover pasta or rice after cooking. Some like to add vegetables or a little tomato. I like it plain- with hot Italian bread and butter.


Continuing on with the issues of yeast; have you ever cut into a loaf of bread only to find a gaping cavity where the yeast has cause an area void of bread? It is not seen from the outside but there is any emptiness inside. Sin creates an emptiness within us. Many of us who have come to Christ felt that emptiness and longed for something of substance to fill the void. God did that.
That nature of sin can work itself in a Christian if sin isn't dealt with in our lives. It is one of the forms of chastening, one that indicates we have gone too long without repentance and confession. That emptiness does not appear suddenly like a bloating, but rises slowly like yeast. Lacking any outward signs, a thorough inner examination is warranted.
Deuteronomy 27:28 The Lord will smite thee with the botch of Egypt, and with the emerods, and with the scab, and with the itch, whereof thou canst not be healed.
The first sign of a yeast infection is the itch. Need I tell you the first sign of sin is the itch? It is hard to resist an itch but scratching the itch only makes things worse. But we do it don't we? We instinctively scratch the itch, knowing good and well from experience that it feels good for the moment and leads to a serious infection.
The itch is not sin. It is the sign of the presence of sin and action needs to be taken to avoid an infection. It is the good conscience that warns us and we need to take heed and take action. Do not scratch, medicate.
Jeremiah 51:8 Babylon is suddenly fallen and destroyed: howl for her; take balm for her pain, if so be she may be healed.
Exodus 30:25 And thou shalt make it an oil of holy ointment, an ointment compound after the art of the apothecary: it shall be an holy anointing oil.
In New Testament terms, take to your prayer closet and ask for mercy and grace. You will be tempted to scratch that itch, but the Lord will not allow you to be tempted above that which you can endure.


Le Narima Bungalow Resort est situé dans un grand parc sur une partie intacte du littoral accidenté de Ko Lanta. Nos trente bungalows de luxe sont fixés entre les cocotiers et les arbres de la forêt tropicale, plantes tropicales et des orchidées. La faune comprend les aigles de mer et de nombreux autres oiseaux, les varans et parfois des singes. Le restaurant et snack de la station de Narima Bungalow donnent sur notre plage privée. Tous les bâtiments sont faits de matériaux naturels qui s'intègrent bien dans notre cadre calme et isolé. Notre objectif est votre plaisir.
A paradise in Koh Lanta. Staff and hotel is perfect. Good and calm situation.
Very clean and cosy resort. The staff is very nice and helps you in every case. Every booking of tours (either with the inside-dive-shop or with foreign services) can be booked by the reception and paid by the overall-bill of your stay in the hotel. In our case: nothing to complain about! :-) Lot´s of families in the resort...because of the private beach, were you have an easy entry to the water - even for kids. Nice pool with lots of place in the shadows. Good cocktails at the Beach-Bar an a perfect Massage-Saloon on the beach. Not so good: @new years eve...hotel is giving table-fireworks and fancy stuff to kids....of course: kids like it...BUT: plastic confetti (pollution) stays on the beach in the sand! :-(((( this is a big and negative contrast to the water-service in the hotel: no plastic bottels - instead aluminum bottles and a dispenser at the reception *wow*great* ....SO WHY THE POLLUTION WITH PLASTIC FANCY STUFF ON THE BEACH?!?!?
Lovely and cosy place. Perfect for having a rest.
set amongst the coconut palms and rainforest trees of its own private bay. We are located near the National Marine Park on the unspoilt south coast of the beautiful, tropical island of Ko Lanta in southern Thailand.
Understated, natural luxury, tranquil rainforest surroundings and the charming personal service of your hosts, Dr. Nopawan and Dr. Yodchai Jotiban, combine to make this somewhere we hope you'll feel immediately at home, and want to return to, time and time again.
Our focus is on your enjoyment. The owners and staff are discretely at your disposal to make your stay a thoroughly pleasant one. Enjoy sunbathing on our beach, take a stroll in the rainforest, explore the island, scuba dive or snorkel in the pristine aquamarine water or just relax in a stunning, natural setting. The large grounds of Narima can be found on an unspoiled section of Ko Lanta's rugged coastline with sea views of distant tropical islands.
We offer you secluded privacy and stylish luxury in one of our thirty - two, architect designed, bungalows. They are set within our beautiful, wild, jungle - gardens. Each bungalow has breathtaking sea views of distant tropical islands, with a perfect sunset that can be viewed from your private balcony every evening.
The bungalows have both a ceiling fan and air conditioning, a large double bed (22 rooms have an additional large single bed), fully stocked mini - bar, white - tiled hot shower and western - standard bathroom.
Furnishings are simple in construction and fittings are made from warm natural materials. The bungalows have a spacious, airy feel, with linen drapes on the ceiling and large French windows, which open onto your private roofed balcony, overlooking the Andaman Sea.
The balcony has a 2 - persons hammock and Thai style reclining chairs made from sugar palm fronds. There are sliding mosquito mesh screens that can be closed during the evening if you want to leave the French windows open.
Your mini-bar is restocked daily with a choice of beers, soft drinks, two complementary (refillable) bottles of fresh drinking water, yogurt drinks and selection of chocolate.
The chocolate made an appearance after Dr.Nopawan discovered a passion for late - night chocolate after one of her guests introduced her to it one evening. Modern bathrooms are private but open air in traditional Thai style, with hot shower and western toilets. The large mirror is hand decorated with shells, some of which can be found on Narima's beach.
Water in your bathroom comes direct from the mountain streams on Lanta and is purified by Narima's own water purification system. This water is fresh, clean and pure enough for you to brush your teeth with.
Air-Con, Mini - Bar, Hot Shower, Fan, Private Terrace.
Narima's large, airy restaurant provides the central focus of your stay here. With its breathtaking, high - ceiling, traditional Thai grass - woven roof, stunning views over Narima's private bay and hand carved wooden furniture, it is a place to relax and read a book as much as somewhere to sample some of Thailand's fabulous cuisine.
Guests congregate here to socialise, enjoy the cool breeze rolling in from the sea during the evenings, drink cocktails, and of course, to tuck into the fantastic array of Thai and European food, creatively prepared by Narima's professionally trained chefs. The menu offers a wonderful variety of food, from light snacks and salads, to a full à la Carte menu.
Narima's 5 Island Bar is located on the beach under the shade of a large tree. It is named after Ko Haa, which means 'Five Islands' in Thai and can be seen on the horizon from the bar. The Bar is constructed in the same natural style as the rest of the resort, and has several hammocks struck up amongst the branches of the trees.
During the day, the bar is a cool and shady place to relax, read a book or enjoy a long cool drink. Light meals and snacks are served all day and you can order your evening meal to be served in the relaxed setting of the bar. Sunsets are truly spectacular every evening as the sun melts over the horizon behind Ko Haa.
We have a live fire show on the beach almost every night. It's amazing to watch this daring spectacle.
NOTE: Narima's 5 Island Bar and Thai Massage available only during 01 November, 2016 - 29 April, 2017.
tropical island of Ko Lanta in southern Thailand.


The Grindhouse Vault Dry Herb Vaporizer utilizes convection technology and a 1600mAh battery with haptic feedback and titanium heat chamber to create a smooth and flavor rich vapor pull. The Grindhouse Vault Vaporizer has a removable wax cup for vaporizing concentrates. The shell of the unit is made of lightweight and highly durable aluminum providing onboard storage. silicone insulated mouthpiece.
The powerful 1600 mAh battery provided four preset temperature settings for a custom vapor session. This complete vapor kit is compatible with dry herbs and waxy oil concentrates and includes everything needed to maintain the device.


Artist's Statement (Excerpt) - The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft performed an Earth Gravity Assist maneuver, changing its direction and putting it on a path toward asteroid Bennu, ... [at which it will arrive] in late 2018. Over the next 5.5 years, OSIRIS-REx will continue its journey to rendezvous with, study, and return a sample of Bennu's regolith to Earth. This sample of a primitive asteroid will help scientists understand the formation of our solar system more than 4.5 billion years ago.
Artist's Statement (Excerpt): ...[The research team studies] sediment samples from an intermittent pond site in the Dry Valleys region of Antarctica, [using these sediment samples]... as analogues for processes on the Martian surface. This study informs future remote sensing activities, particularly the search for Martian paleosalt ponds, and has application to Antarctic climate studies.
Abstract [Excerpt]: Debris disks are a type of circumstellar disk that contain dust generated by collisions and disruptions of protoplanets and/or planetesimals. These planetesimals are analogous to asteroids and comets in our own solar system. We seek to determine the composition of the material within these extrasolar systems in order to better understand the planet formation process.
Artist's Statement [Excerpt]: Aeolian (wind) activity has been documented on Earth, Mars, Venus, Titan and has been suggested to occur on some icy bodies. To better understand the movement of sediment on these bodies, it is critical to understand the threshold wind speed (the minimum wind speed required to lift a sand grain)... The purpose of this research is to increase the amount and quality of aeolian threshold wind speed data available to the community.


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Q: Unable to get Azure AD OpenID Authentication Exchange mail field as a claim Our emails are different from UPNs.
To check and make sure I have the mail property, I connect via PowerShell to Azure AD and run the following command.
Get-AzureADUser -objectid upn@domain.com | Select-Object Mail

Mail
----
useremail@domain.com

So, in Azure AD I create a new Application Registration. In the app manifest, I enable "acceptMappedClaims": true,.
Then in Visual Studio I create an ASP.NET Web Application and select Work or School Accounts for authentication, point to my cloud domain and after it's created, update ClientId to point to the application registration, etc.
I then add a mapping policy:
New-AzureADPolicy -Definition @('{"ClaimsMappingPolicy":{"Version":1,"IncludeBasicClaimSet":"true", "ClaimsSchema": [{"Source":"user","ID":"mail","JwtClaimType":"email"}]}}') -DisplayName "CustomClaims" -Type "ClaimsMappingPolicy"

I then add the policy to the app via PowerShell:
Add-AzureADServicePrincipalPolicy -Id [Enterprise Application Object Id] -RefObjectId [policy id]

In Startup.Auth.cs I add Scope list to include email
app.UseOpenIdConnectAuthentication(
    new OpenIdConnectAuthenticationOptions
    {
        ClientId = clientId,
        Authority = authority,
        PostLogoutRedirectUri = postLogoutRedirectUri,
        Scope = "openid profile email roles"
    });

Nothing seems to work. I am definitely missing some configuration step here...

A: The Azure team has begun work on the V2 endpoint to support the email scope for id tokens. It can be provided on the V1 endpoint (or in V2 endpoint access tokens) via the optional claim ( https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/active-directory-optional-claims )

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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← Easter's dark epiphanies
Finding one's Way in an intercultural world →
What do we all have in common?
Posted on May 11, 2014	by iankellogg2014
Text: Acts 2:42-47 (sharing everything in common)
Today we mark Mother's Day 2014. Some in the church also call this Christian Family Sunday. But the latter name might have negative connotations, as the following joke that a friend sent to me last week might illustrate.
"After the baptism of his baby brother, Jason sobbed in the back seat of the car all the way home from church. Three times, his father asked him 'What's wrong, Jason?' Finally, Jason replied, 'That minister, he said that he wanted us to be brought up in a Christian family, but I want to stay with you guys!'"
I don't know if this was true for Jason, but "Christian family" can also evoke images of moralism, judgement, and narrowness. At "The Big Question" group on Wednesday, several of us said we are reluctant to tell our friends that we are Christian since the word seems to have been hijacked by conservative churches who discriminate against women and queer people, who attack science, and who focus on spreading ridiculous beliefs instead of on loving our neighbours as ourselves.
I like the 1960s song "They Will Know We are Christians By Our Love." But I fear that many people in Canada know Christians instead by holier-than-thou attitudes and attempts to get the state to legislate repressive morality.
But if we leave fire and brimstone churches to one side, what might a Christian family look like?
Well, today's reading from Acts shows how the first Christians lived. It describes the life of the first 3,000 people in Jerusalem who were baptized by Peter after the death and resurrection of Jesus.
"They lived together, sharing all things in common; they sold their property and goods and gave the proceeds to one another as each had need . . . they broke bread together in their homes every day. With joyful and sincere hearts they took their meals in common."
Christian life as portrayed here is communal and egalitarian. The passage reminds me of hippie communes in the 1960s and 70s, and of the Jesus People of that time who were inspired by this passage from Acts and by the Gospel stories of Jesus and his followers living together in Galilee and on the road to Jerusalem.
Last Sunday's episode of the TV series "Mad Men" had a scene set in a hippie commune. It is 1969, and the 25-year old daughter of a rich ad man in New York City has abandoned her husband and four-year old son to join a commune in upstate New York. When her middle-aged parents confront her at a farm house where drugs and free love flourish and electricity is shunned, she rages against her upbringing in their so-called normal family. She accuses her mother of being an alcoholic and her father of handing his parenting responsibilities over to his secretary.
Her complaints about a dysfunctional upbringing explain part of the appeal of the counterculture for her. But just as the communal life shown in Acts didn't last long in the early church, so the hippie communes of the late 60s and early 70s in North America soon withered away.
In the church, sharing is a big part of our culture. Next Sunday, when a large group of us go the Bissell Centre to worship with the Inner City Pastoral Ministry and to provide lunch, I am sure it will be an experience that will feed spirits and souls as well as bodies. Our participation in the work of the ICPM is part of our outreach, a part of our joy-filled sharing.
In church, we share our talents, money and hearts. When we gather in small groups or as friends and listen to each other's sacred stories, we help heal one another with empathy and caring.
But even before we take any actions that reflect God's call to love our neighbours as ourselves, we have much in common. Whether rich or poor, we share the legacy of cosmic and biological history that has brought us to this moment and which supports our every breath. We share the collective knowledge of 10,000 years of civilization and the language that effortlessly brings us this knowledge.
We share the human condition — fragility and mortality as well as hearts that are moved by mystery and love. We share the social condition — both the weapons of mass destruction that threaten annihilation and the incredible productivity of a global market that enforces innovation across borders.
All of the above could be captured by the statement that we are all children of God, all blessed by God's Grace, all humble sinners caught in vast nets of oppression we can't escape, all thirsty for the love of family and neighbour, and all capable — if only imperfectly — of giving love.
When we hear God call us to love one another, it reminds us of what we already know. We need to be loved; and we need opportunities to love others. And so we create families But we don't do so in perfect conditions. We create families in the conditions in which we find ourselves.
One of the pleasures I derive from a TV series like "Mad Men" is the depth at which one gets to know the characters. The 25-year-old who runs off to the commune has legitimate complaints about her childhood and society.
But having now watched these characters over seven seasons, I know that her middle-aged parents come by their addictions and selfish behaviour quite honestly. Like their daughter, they too struggle to give and receive love in tough conditions. If one knows a family in depth, it is often easier to have compassion and empathy for all members of the family.
Given what we know about the communes of the 1960s and 1970s, it seems likely that the character in Mad Men who has run away from her husband and four-year-old son will not long remain a hippie. Like so many of that generation, she will probably return to a more conventional life and reunite with her son. But neither her escape to a commune nor her return to family can be seen as a perfect choice. In this world, there is no such thing as a perfect choice.
Today, we celebrate Christian families of all kinds — conventional ones, single-parent families, queer families led by people who don't follow traditional sex- and gender-roles, families with lots of kids, families with no kids, and so on.
All of us feel the call of God to give and receive love. All of us stumble forward in this crazy world of wonders and with a family background that has both blessed and cursed us. All of us build our families, careers, and churches in less than ideal circumstances. All of us do this knowing that sometimes we will be pleased and sometimes we will be disappointed by the results.
We may even find ourselves living in communes in which everything is shared in common. You know, I have long wondered what the retirement lives of the former hippies of the 1970s will look like. Perhaps co-housing will flourish in the years ahead. Perhaps churches like Mill Woods United will soon be filled with post-hippy grandparents who revive some of the culture of our youth for a new day. Who knows?
What we do know is that our companion in all of the ups and downs of our family life is God in Christ. This good news means that any Mother's Day can be one in which we share love together with joyful and sincere hearts.
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N'Golo Kante, the Humble Star Close to Winning It All (Vids)
Chelsea s N Golo Kante celebrates with the trophy after winning the Champions League final soccer match between Manchester City and Chelsea at the Dragao Stadium in Porto, Portugal, Saturday, May 29, 2021. (AP Photo/Manu Feandez, Pool)
PORTO, Portugal — N'Golo Kante approached the winner's podium and sized up the gleaming European Cup that was almost as big as him.
The diminutive midfielder had seen jubilant teammates before him give the trophy a kiss as they walked by. Kante, a touch nervous maybe, gave it a little pat and shuffled on.
Humble to the end, Kante moved a step closer to winning everything there is to win in football by adding the Champions League with Chelsea on Saturday.
A Premier League winner in 2016 and '17, with Leicester then Chelsea. A World Cup winner in 2018 with France. A Europa League winner in 2019. Now, a European champion.
Win the European Championship with France across the next six weeks and Kante will have done the lot.
All with that beaming smile on his face.
Asked if Kante is the best player in the world, Chelsea captain Cesar Azpilicueta was in no doubt: "It's straightforward, yes."
At the moment, it's hard to argue.
Kante was voted man of the match by UEFA's technical observers in both legs of Chelsea's semifinal against Real Madrid, and again in the 1-0 win over Manchester City in the final.
He made 10 ball recoveries, more than any other player. He won all three tackles he attempted — including a key one to snuff out Kevin De Bruyne as he approached Chelsea's box early in the second half.
Then there were his surging runs forward, leading the counterattack.
In a match where so much focus was on City manager Pep Guardiola's decision to not play a specialist defensive midfielder, Kante produced a clinic in that position once again.
"He does everything," Chelsea manager Thomas Tuchel said. "The energy he brings, I don't know how many ball recoveries today. He covered so much ground.
"It's special to have him and when we don't have him we missed him. After winning the World Cup, the Champions League, he's so humble in his position."
Tuchel has said before that he was bestowed a gift when he arrived at Chelsea in January to be handed a squad containing Kante.
"I think N'Golo fits into any manager's plans on the planet," said Tuchel, the former Paris Saint-Germain and Borussia Dortmund manager.
"I was desperate to have him in my teams in the past."
Now he has him and is utilizing him perfectly.
It will not be a surprise to see Kante voted the FIFA player of the year for the first time, especially if he helps France to win the Euros. He has already won the biggest personal award in English soccer, the PFA player of the year in 2016 on the back of Leicester's title win.
At Leicester, the story goes, he used to run to training while others arrived in their flashy cars and kept going to the same hairdresser, paying 10 pounds for a trim.
That humble side of Kante hasn't changed, even as he adds Champions League winner to his lengthy list of accomplishments.
Osaka, Barty Advance Toward Australian Open Showdown
MELBOURNE, Australia — For the first set, Naomi Osaka's rediscovered love of the game meant it was anything but fun for Madison Brengle in the third round of the Australian Open.
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Real Madrid Tops Athletic 2-0 to Win Spanish Super Cup (Highlights)


Home sales with mortgages are rare in Detroit, occurring in just a few areas. Use the slider in the middle of the image below to see where the cash sales (red) are compared with sales via mortgages (blue).
Most home sales in Detroit require cash; only 19 percent of the 3,800 sales in 2016 involved a mortgage, reflecting the difficulty to secure loans in a city where property values are less than half what they were a decade ago. Click on a marker to get more information, including price and year the home was built.
Miles from downtown Detroit and its debates about gentrification, a more modest question surrounds real estate in many city neighborhoods.
Despite headlines about new luxury condos and million-dollar lofts, getting a mortgage remains a tall order in outlying neighborhoods across Detroit, with the vast majority of homes sold for cash to landlords and investors, according to sales data and numerous interviews.
Like most Detroit problems, it's complicated. And it's posing hard questions about who will benefit in a revival rooted in downtown and Midtown in the nation's poorest big city.
A joint report by Bridge and WDET, Detroit's public radio station, found some cause for optimism in the housing market after a decade of decline. For example, home sales and prices are increasing citywide after bottoming out after the mortgage meltdown, which left more than 65,000 homes foreclosed.
In some neighborhoods, prices are rising so swiftly they're sparking bidding wars. But the gains are uneven and mortgage lending is mostly confined to more affluent neighborhoods such as Indian Village, Rosedale Park and Palmer Woods, according to records from Realcomp Ltd. II, a Farmington Hills-based company that lists real estate sales.
Last year, only about 710 of 3,800 homes (19 percent) sold by conventional means in Detroit were financed with mortgages, the records show. The difference between the two types of home sales was huge. Homes with mortgages sold for an average of $155,000, records show. Cash sales averaged $30,000.
It's an imbalance that Mayor Mike Duggan recognizes could "cripple" the city's chance for a comeback, said Erica Ward Gerson, chairwoman of the Detroit Land Bank Authority , which assembles and sells properties.
She called the number of cash sales a "serious, serious problem" because they can deter home ownership and depress property values. Cheap sales are usually rentals or vacant, while pricier sales are often out of reach for ordinary buyers.
Duggan has teamed with banks, foundations and nonprofits to roll out several programs to increase home loans. They've had some success but most focus on stable neighborhoods, prompting fears that some are being left out.
"The strong neighborhoods are doing good but what about the weak ones?" asked Linda Smith, executive director of U-SNAP-BAC, a nonprofit that promotes home ownership on the city's East Side.
In poorer East Side neighborhoods, homes sold last year for $4,000 to $40,000 in cash, according to Realcomp data. A few miles away in downtown and Midtown, homes and lofts sell for $250,000 or more, the records show.
Gerson acknowledged the mortgage numbers are "pathetic." But she said she's "very excited" they're improving after nearly hitting bottom.
In 2014, 97 percent of city homes sold for cash, according to data from the Urban Institute, a Washington D.C. think tank. The national average is 36 percent. The number of Detroit mortgages rose from 490 to 557 from 2014 to 2015, but remained low compared with other cities.
"In any other city, the total numbers would be shameful," Gerson said.
Cities with similarly sized populations to Detroit – Memphis, Columbus and El Paso – last year had at least five times as many mortgages as the roughly 710 mortgages sold in Detroit, according to data from RealtyTrac, a California-based company that tracks real estate.
"Detroit is seeing a stabilization of older, established neighborhoods, but we've gone so far down that spillover to other neighborhoods is still a ways off," said Kurt Metzger, director emeritus for Data Driven Detroit, who reviewed the records at the request of Bridge.
Among the city's 139 square miles, perhaps nowhere are the dividing lines as stark as in the streets near the University of Detroit Mercy and nearby Marygrove College.
Inspired by the city and eager to be part of its comeback, Nate and Amber Hunt decided to sell their home in the nearby suburb of Ferndale and buy in a neighborhood known as the University District.
Last year, they postponed their search after Amber gave birth to their first daughter, Magnolia. When it resumed six months later, they were shocked that home prices had increased $50,000, said Amber, a marketing content manager.
They looked at a few houses and considered a fixer-upper. That changed when they opened the door of an expansive brick Tudor with stately wood molding, a library and basement bar decorated with hand-painted seascapes.
There were higher bidders. The Hunts got the house for more than $230,000 after sending the owners a family photo and letter explaining how they wanted to grow old in the home.
It was one of 57 home sales last year in an eight-block, one-mile radius east of Livernois. Only 13 were for cash.
Results were starkly different on the other side of Livernois. There were 82 sales over the same sized area last year; 65 were for cash.
Both are good neighborhoods. On the east side of Livernois, in the University District, private security patrols streets lined with 3,000 square-foot brick Tudors populated by professors and attorneys. On the west, the brick colonials and bungalows homes are about half the size, more likely to show their age and be occupied by renters.
Peter Whittaker is betting big on the lower-priced, west side of Livernois. The venture capitalist and his investors bought 87 homes, sight unseen, in a six-block radius there about five months ago. He didn't disclose the sale price, but nearby homes sold for $16,000 to $28,000 apiece in cash.
"We buy neighborhoods, to be honest with you," said Whittaker of Birmingham, whose company, Global Properties Management, is based in Miami.
He spoke to Bridge outside a boarded-up home on Santa Rosa, less than a quarter-mile from the Hunts' home. Whittaker was raking leaves and supervising a crew of six workers who planned to spend a few weeks rehabbing the home before renting it.
The business model: Spend up to $15,000 renovating each home. Rent them for $850 to $1,000 per month. Sell the homes in bulk to overseas investors in about five years. Stay on as property managers.
Whittaker said his company specialized in high-end real estate in Florida and Houston before focusing on distressed property in Detroit. In the past 13 months, the company has bought a total of about 200 Detroit homes, he said.
Whittaker said he wants "do good and help people" by partnering with a local church to teach renters money management so they can eventually sign land contracts and buy the homes.
"I have a heart. I just don't look at people and stick them in a home… From a landlord standpoint, I don't think there's anyone doing what we're doing in Detroit," Whittaker said.
But he said he's realistic. He expects only 10 to 15 percent of tenants to make the transition to homeowners. Too many have "built up a tolerance to renting," said Whittaker, who said he grew up in rental homes in Pontiac.
Detroit once had one of the highest rates of home ownership among African Americans nationwide, according to the Urban Institute. Now, it's majority renters: Since 2000, the percentage of renters has increased to 53 percent from 45 percent, according to the Census.
Among them is Marie Solomon, a grocery cashier who lives on Monica Street, a short walk from Whittaker's empire. Standing on her porch, she can look out to five open and abandoned homes across the street.
She pays $450 per month in rent. The house next door sold for $2,500 last year. Cash.
Is this another form of redlining, the pernicious banking practice of denying loans in certain parts of cities, often by race?
"It's so redlining," argued Jon Zemke, a Detroit landlord who lives in Midtown.
He's joking about the colonoscopy.
Zemke owns dozens of homes and said he finances many with no-interest credit cards. He said he has waited six months for a mortgage because of numerous complications with Detroit real estate.
"It's not economically viable to issue loans," said Alanna McCargo, co-director of the Housing Finance Policy Center of the Urban Institute, a Washington, D.C. think tank that has extensively studied Detroit and recently released a report about its housing challenges.
She and others said lending is tight nationwide and Detroit poses numerous additional barriers.
Most banks won't issue mortgages for less than $50,000, which is more than many Detroit homes are worth. Appraising homes in Detroit is hard because property values nosedived after the real-estate crash. Acquiring clear titles necessary for mortgages can be tricky because homes in the city often have liens. Many houses are in such disrepair that making them livable can multiply purchase prices.
Federal regulations after the crash have increased the cost of issuing mortgages. Only 1-in-5 Detroit residents have credit scores high enough to usually get a mortgage, according to data from the Urban Institute.
Her group argues that Detroit should duplicate efforts in cities such as Rochester, N.Y., and Cleveland, which have programs and partnerships between government and nonprofits to assemble property and help renters become homeowners.
McCargo said recent programs in Detroit to expand mortgage access are positive steps but need to be increased.
Even before he took office in 2014, Mayor Duggan realized the dearth of mortgages was a huge impediment, said Gerson, the land bank chairwoman.
In 2015, he traveled to Denver to the Clinton Global Initiative America to make his case to the former president and leaders of foundations and banks: Low appraisals and the refusal to loan small amounts would kill Detroit, the mayor said, according to Gerson, who attended the conference.
Duggan personally took at least one bank leader on tours of stable neighborhoods in Detroit where lending was impossible, she said.
In "lightning speed," five banks, community foundations and nonprofits teamed to form the Detroit Home Mortgage program, which removes barriers to lending and issues mortgages for up to $75,000 more than appraised value, Gerson said.
Announcing the program last February, Duggan said the program could fund 1,000 mortgages in three to five years.
A year later, it has closed 29, said Krysta Pate, its director. Participating banks closed another 27 conventional mortgages with people who began the application process but discovered they didn't need extra money to cover the appraisal gap. She called those numbers a success and predicted they will grow as the program works out its kinks.
Detroit developer Alex Pereira countered that the program is a "great idea" but an "abysmal failure" because it shifts the burden of overseeing rehabs onto home buyers.
The Detroit Home Mortgage program is one the highest-profile of several efforts to stabilize neighborhoods.
Others offer down payment assistance of up to $15,000 and zero percent loans of up to $25,000 for repairs. A land bank-led program, Rehabbed & Ready, repairs and sells homes to boost nearby property values.
Together with nearly 11,000 demolitions since Duggan took office, it's a targeted approach after years of "scattershot" efforts to help neighborhoods, Gerson said. The city is starting with areas with low vacancy rates and gradually expanding to higher ones, she said.
Help came just in time for LaShelle Breckinridge. Stuck in a land contract in her west side home, she was about to get evicted over a tax dispute with the home's owner.
She needed $38,000 to buy out the land contract. Three banks turned her down for a mortgage.
The grandmother was about to walk away from the home she said she had paid nearly $30,000 in rent for over the years. She saw a sign advertising the Detroit Home Mortgage program and made a call.
After months of stress, she saved the house by obtaining a mortgage through the program, while also managing to lower her monthly payment to $561 from $850.
Deeply religious, she recounted her ordeal in living room that prominently featured the family Bible. It was open to the Book of Job, a story of faith and struggle.
It's not easy at all buying a house in Detroit, my experience credit union and bank don't mortgage any homes unless it over $100,000.
Well I'm one of those cash sales because I could not get a mortgage. I more than qualified on my income and got several pre-approval letters. When it came down to the actual deal the bank (a supposed big Detroit booster) dragged their feet till I lost two properties. Then, I took the money out of my 401k. I just gave up. The bank even went so far as to order an appraisal which I paid $450 for. The appraisal was completed December 22, 2016 and never came. After many emails and phone calls up the food chain, I got a refund today - March 31st. I'm one of the lucky ones, at least I have a 401k and can tell the bank to go #%*< itself. It is very satisfying to actually own your home. I'll be putting the money I would have paid for a mortgage back in my 401k. Who says Detroit real estate is any more risky than the stock market? I'll save $73,000 in interest to boot. Not passing debt to my kids....priceless.
Another lesson that there aren't really problems or solutions there are really just a bunch of trade offs. If mortgages are available as your article shows it fuels home inflation then this article would be crying about home prices moving beyond Detroit residents ability to afford. As they say be careful what you wish for.
Very informative report. I would like to see a comparative study of real estate in the 48212 Zipcode. A long, long time ago, the 3.4 square miles of Detroit 48212 had higher real-estate values than the 2.2 square miles of Hamtramck 48212. Today, however, Hamtramck offers affordable real-estate at market rates, while most of Detroit 48212 is an urban wasteland of abandonment and blight despite concerns of remaining long-time residents and businesses in areas south of E. Nevada, near E.McNichols or E.Davison from Ryan or Conant to Mound. Recently, it was announced that a former Catholic school in this area ,just south of 6 Mile@Mound,will be converted to market-rate and affordable rental housing. Perhaps, the area is ripe for a makeover with the large immigrant population of Hamtramck expanding into the Detroit part of the Zipcode.


Special Olympics Washington soccer and swimming athletes are bringing home hardware from this year's Special Olympics World Games in Abu Dhabi!
Simon Van Giesen, 25, of West Seattle, won the bronze medal in the 50 meter backstroke.
The US men's Unified soccer team, which is made up of Washington athletes with and without intellectual disabilities, beat India 5-0 to take the bronze medal. The team is the first soccer team to ever represent the US in a World Games competition.
In all, more than 200 athletes from across the nation represented Special Olympics USA in Abu Dhabi, earning 72 gold, 61 silver and 70 bronze medals over the course of the seven day event.
The Special Olympics World Games in Abu Dhabi were the largest sports and social inclusion event in the world. More than 7,500 athletes and 3,000 coaches representing 200 nations competed in 24 Olympic-style sports.
7 Replies to "CONGRATULATIONS! West Seattle athlete returning home from Special Olympics World Games with medal"
Simon congrats, what a great accomplishment!
Great work Simon! Your community is very proud!
Congrats Simon. What a wonderful time for you and Mom and Dad and all your team.
Congrats Simon! We are proud of you for representing our community and the hard work it has been to get metal. Thank you from all of West Seattle!


A luxurious lakeside escape with impressive views and an alpine spa with an infinity-edge pool! The Bürgenstock Hotel & Alpine Spa features a blend of a luxury getaway and a private spa retreat with unforgettable culinary experience.
The Bürgenstock Hotel & Alpine Spa situated at the heart of the Bürgenstock Resort, which is located 500m above Lake Lucerne in the canton of Nidwalden. The five-star hotel is located next to the Bürgenstock funicular which leads to the shipping pier.
The Bürgenstock Hotel & Alpine Spa features the cutting-edge evolution of luxury, style, and service with its 102 luxuriously furnished rooms and suites. The hotel has everything you need for a perfect escape, just steps away from the picturesque Lake Lucerne. Guests can start and end their every day in Switzerland with stunning lake views from their modern panoramic windows. The rooms and suites are well-appointed with luxurious amenities and stylishly designed with modern elements to offer guests a truly magical experience during their stay.
The 10000m² Alpine Spa at the hotel features a luxurious wellness experience with a wide range of unique treatments, facilities, and services. Guests are guaranteed an ultimate wellbeing experience with a variety of facilities such as indoor and outdoor pools, fully-equipped fitness area, treatment rooms and private spa suites. The Alpine Spa also has a sauna landscape which features a spectacular infinity-edge pool and a spa garden.
A stay at the Bürgenstock Hotel & Alpine Spa would not be complete without a delicious meal in the highly acclaimed Spices Kitchen & Terrace Restaurant, which serves Asian dishes prepared in an open show kitchen. The hotel also features the Lakeside Lounge & Bar, where guests can enjoy a handcrafted cocktail. Guests can also enjoy hearty and healthy meals in the private atmosphere of Verbena Restaurant & Bar. Enjoy delicious snacks and light lunch at the Alpine Golf Restaurant with a stunning terrace offering a spectacular view of the mountains. Every meal at the Bürgenstock Hotel & Alpine Spa is a celebration of a variety of cuisines and fresh ingredients to delight every palate.
The Bürgenstock Hotel & Alpine Spa features a wide range of fun activities during the summer and winter holidays such as golfing, ice skating, biking, tennis and water sports. Discover the interesting region of Obbürgen by exploring its several attractions, and experiencing its variety of events. The highest outdoor elevator in Europe – The Hammetschwand Lift provides access to the top of Bürgenberg offering guests 360- degree picturesque view of the surrounding area.


Are people losing interest in the Weekly Photo Challenges???
Week 9 I made a mistake!!!!!
Do we need more time?
Week #5 - The Letter "B"
Can someone please help with uploading signature pic?!
Weekly Challange #91 - Beautiful Winter - Winner announced.
Need some help. 2 questions.
Weekly challenge #75 - Native animals - Winner announced in 1st post.
New topic for this weeks challenge?
Weekly Challenge 66 -- "Gardens"
Weekly challenge #64--"Expressions" -- Winner Announced!!
Weekly Challenge #61 "Sunrise-Sunset" --Winner Announced!!!
Weekly Challenge #53 Tell a story Winner Announced!
Weekly Challenge # 48 ~ Sky Scapes ~ Winner Announced!
What settings do I need to use..
How do you take a Silhouette photo?
?? Calling All Photogs ~ Any Interest In Doing This ??
Photo Gallery function on Vista. . anyone use it?
Help please. Is this exposure or sun problems.
No weekly challenge this week...?
Please help me fix the background.
How do you "copyright" photos?
How do I get a 2" x 2 1/2" Photo Print?
How did I take this???
Close up of Bugs, Butterflies, etc.
Weekly Challenge #27.....Fill the Frame... WINNER ANNOUNCED!
What happened to Weekly Challenge # 26?
What is the best way to archive digital photos/videos?
Photographing your dog for a portrait.
Is anyone shooting with a Nikon D40??
Weekly Challenge #24..........RED... Winner Announced!
New Camera and new-b all over again!
Help me find a camcorder for dog stuff!
Weekly Challenge #19 Summer Fun Winner Announced!
Oh no! A newb with a new camera!
Weekly Challenge #16: BUGS!!! WINNER ANNOUNCED!
Anyone Have A Photozo Account?
Weekly Challenge #11 - Sunrise/Sunset - WINNER ANNOUNCED!
Weekly Challenge #9: Wildlife - Winner announced!
WEEKLY CHALLENGE #6 -- Lovely Landscapes -- WINNER ANNOUNCED!!!!
WEEKLY CHALLENGE - WATER, WATER EVERYWHERE..... WINNER ANNOUNCED!
WEEKLY CHALLENGE - - CLOUDS -- WINNER ANNOUNCED!!
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CROP & CLONE -- POST YOUR ASSIGNMENT HERE.


text:
Q: Retrieving xml parts uing Linq to XML This snippet of XML below is part of a much larger XML. I have tried over and over to get address line 1, 2,3  and City and State, postal code and country. I want to functionalize this so I can pick out
 those addresses based on InvoiceHeader id="XXXX" however I keep running into a wall.
I have tried the following query below or something along the lines but I keep getting an error object reference not set to an instance of an object.
here is my query can someone please point out my obvious mistake.
 IEnumerable<string> partNos =
            from item in PurchaseOrderXml.Descendants("RemitTo").Descendants("Address")
            where (string)item.Attribute("id").Value == "23951768"
            select (string)item;

<Invoice>
    <InvoiceHeader id="23951768" status="InProcess">
        <InvoiceName />
        <InvoiceNumber>23951768</InvoiceNumber>
        <InvoiceDate>2014-09-26 00:00:00.0</InvoiceDate>
        <DueDate>2014-10-26 00:00:00.0</DueDate>
        <SupplierInvoiceNo>534254504</SupplierInvoiceNo>
        <InvoiceType>Invoice</InvoiceType>
      <Supplier id="3825405">
        <ContactInfo type="main">
              <Address>
                <AddressLine lineNumber="1">Post </AddressLine>
                <AddressLine lineNumber="2">30 Street</AddressLine>
                <AddressLine lineNumber="3">30 Street</AddressLine>
                <City>Saint Louis</City>
                <State>MO</State>
                <PostalCode>63103-2530</PostalCode>
                <Country isoCountryCode="US">United States</Country>
            </Address>
        </ContactInfo>
    </Supplier>
        <BillTo>
        <Address>
            <AddressLine lineNumber="1">vvvv</AddressLine>
            <AddressLine lineNumber="2">vvvv</AddressLine>
            <City>Philadelphia</City>
            <State>PA</State>
            <PostalCode>19222</PostalCode>
            <Country isoCountryCode="US">United States</Country>
        </Address>
          </BillTo>
        <RemitTo>
            <Address>
                <AddressLine lineNumber="1">P O BOX 535182</AddressLine>
                <AddressLine lineNumber="2" />
                <AddressLine lineNumber="3" />
                <City>ATLANTA</City>
                <State>GA</State>
                <PostalCode>303535182</PostalCode>
                <Country isoCountryCode="US">United States</Country>
            </Address>
        </RemitTo>
     </InvoiceHeader>
</Invoice>

A: Your item range variable corresponds to an Address element which does not have an id attribute. Instead, you need a query which first finds (or filters) the appropriate InvoiceHeader and then looks for Address element desendents of the matched InvoiceHeader.
Here is an example for finding the InvoiceHeader:
var Header = PurchaseOrderXml.Descendants("InvoiceHeader")
.FirstOrDefault(header => (string)header.Attribute("id").Value == headerId);

You can check if the Header is found (Header != null).  Once you have the Header, do whatever you need to within the scope of that given element. Example:
var RemitToAddress = Header.Descendants("RemitTo").Descendants("Address").FirstOrDefault();

You may want to inspect other elements in the Header, and so splitting the queries up into parts like this keeps your intent clear.
Also note that I've used Descendants, but you may also use Elements if it matches your schema better.
Another example, to get the AddressLine elements and concatenate them, you might try something along the lines of:
IEnumerable<string> AddressLines = RemitToAddress.Elements("AddressLine")
.OrderBy(line => (int)line.Attribute("lineNumber"))
.Select(line => line.Value);

var AddressText = string.Join("\n", AddressLines);

A: Try this:-
var result = xdoc.Root.Descendants("InvoiceHeader")
    .Where(x => x.Attribute("id").Value == "23951768")
    .SelectMany(x => x.Descendants("Address"))
    .Select(x =>
    {
       {
         var addressLine1 = x.Elements("AddressLine")
                        .FirstOrDefault(z => z.Attribute("lineNumber").Value == "1");
         var addressLine2 = x.Elements("AddressLine")
                        .FirstOrDefault(z => z.Attribute("lineNumber").Value == "2");
         var addressLine3 = x.Elements("AddressLine")
                        .FirstOrDefault(z => z.Attribute("lineNumber").Value == "3");
         return new
         {
            AddressLine1 = addressLine1 != null ? addressLine1.Value : String.Empty,
            AddressLine2 = addressLine2 != null ? addressLine1.Value : String.Empty,
            AddressLine3 = addressLine3 != null ? addressLine1.Value : String.Empty,
            City = x.Element("City").Value,
            State = x.Element("State").Value
            PostalCode = x.Element("PostalCode").Value,
            Country= x.Element("Country").Value,
          };
        }
    });


text:
Q: case_when function from R to Python How I can implement the case_when function of R in a python code?
Here is the case_when function of R:
https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/dplyr/versions/0.7.8/topics/case_when
as a minimum working example suppose we have the following dataframe (python code follows):
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

data = {'name': ['Jason', 'Molly', 'Tina', 'Jake', 'Amy'],
        'age': [42, 52, 36, 24, 73],
        'preTestScore': [4, 24, 31, 2, 3],
        'postTestScore': [25, 94, 57, 62, 70]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns = ['name', 'age', 'preTestScore', 'postTestScore'])
df

Suppose than we want to create an new column called 'elderly' that looks at the 'age' column and does the following:
if age < 10 then baby
 if age >= 10 and age < 20 then kid
if age >=20 and age < 30 then young
if age >= 30 and age < 50 then mature
if age >= 50 then grandpa

Can someone help on this ?

A: You want to use np.select:
conditions = [
    (df["age"].lt(10)),
    (df["age"].ge(10) & df["age"].lt(20)),
    (df["age"].ge(20) & df["age"].lt(30)),
    (df["age"].ge(30) & df["age"].lt(50)),
    (df["age"].ge(50)),
]
choices = ["baby", "kid", "young", "mature", "grandpa"]

df["elderly"] = np.select(conditions, choices)

# Results in:
#      name  age  preTestScore  postTestScore  elderly
#  0  Jason   42             4             25   mature
#  1  Molly   52            24             94  grandpa
#  2   Tina   36            31             57   mature
#  3   Jake   24             2             62    young
#  4    Amy   73             3             70  grandpa

The conditions and choices lists must be the same length.
There is also a default parameter that is used when all conditions evaluate to False.

A: pyjanitor has a case_when implementation in dev that could be helpful in this case, the implementation idea is inspired by if_else in pydatatable and fcase in R's data.table; under the hood, it uses pd.Series.mask:
# pip install git+https://github.com/pyjanitor-devs/pyjanitor.git
import pandas as pd
import janitor as jn

df.case_when(
df.age.lt(10), 'baby', # 1st condition, result
df.age.between(10, 20, 'left'), 'kid', # 2nd condition, result
df.age.between(20, 30, 'left'), 'young', # 3rd condition, result
 df.age.between(30, 50, 'left'), 'mature', # 4th condition, result
'grandpa',  # default if none of the conditions match
 column_name = 'elderly') # column name to assign to

    name  age  preTestScore  postTestScore  elderly
0  Jason   42             4             25   mature
1  Molly   52            24             94  grandpa
2   Tina   36            31             57   mature
3   Jake   24             2             62    young
4    Amy   73             3             70  grandpa

Alby's solution is more efficient for this use case than an if/else construct.

A: np.select is great because it's a general way to assign values to elements in choicelist depending on conditions.
However, for the particular problem OP tries to solve, there is a succinct way to achieve the same with the pandas' cut method.

bin_cond = [-np.inf, 10, 20, 30, 50, np.inf]            # think of them as bin edges
bin_lab = ["baby", "kid", "young", "mature", "grandpa"] # the length needs to be len(bin_cond) - 1
df["elderly2"] = pd.cut(df["age"], bins=bin_cond, labels=bin_lab)

#     name  age  preTestScore  postTestScore  elderly elderly2
# 0  Jason   42             4             25   mature   mature
# 1  Molly   52            24             94  grandpa  grandpa
# 2   Tina   36            31             57   mature   mature
# 3   Jake   24             2             62    young    young
# 4    Amy   73             3             70  grandpa  grandpa

A: Steady of numpy you can create a function and use map or apply with lambda:
def elderly_function(age):
 if age < 10:
  return 'baby'
 if age < 20:
  return 'kid'
 if age < 30
  return 'young'
 if age < 50:
  return 'mature'
 if age >= 50:
  return 'grandpa'

df["elderly"] = df["age"].map(lambda x: elderly_function(x))
# Works with apply as well:
df["elderly"] = df["age"].apply(lambda x: elderly_function(x))

The solution with numpy is probably fast and might be preferable if your df is considerably large.

A: Just for Future reference, Nowadays you could use pandas cut or map with moderate to good speeed. If you need something faster It might not suit your needs, but is good enough for daily use and batches.
import pandas as pd

If you wanna choose map or apply mount your ranges and return something if in range
def calc_grade(age):
        if 50 < age < 200:
            return 'Grandpa'
        elif 30 <= age <=50:
            return 'Mature'
        elif 20 <= age < 30:
            return 'Young'
        elif 10 <= age < 20:
            return 'Kid'
        elif age < 10:
            return 'Baby'

%timeit df['elderly'] = df['age'].map(calc_grade)

name
age
preTestScore
postTestScore
elderly

0
Jason
42
4
25
Mature

1
Molly
52
24
94
Grandpa

2
Tina
36
31
57
Mature

3
Jake
24
2
62
Young

4
Amy
73
3
70
Grandpa

393 µs ± 8.43 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

If you wanna choose cut there should be many options.
One approach - We includes to left, exclude to the right . To each bin, one label.
bins = [0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 200] #200 year Vampires are people I guess...you could change to a date you belieave plausible.
labels = ['Baby','Kid','Young', 'Mature','Grandpa']

%timeit df['elderly'] = pd.cut(x=df.age, bins=bins, labels=labels , include_lowest=True, right=False, ordered=False)

name
age
preTestScore
postTestScore
elderly

0
Jason
42
4
25
Mature

1
Molly
52
24
94
Grandpa

2
Tina
36
31
57
Mature

3
Jake
24
2
62
Young

4
Amy
73
3
70
Grandpa


text:
Q: Webrat verify content in iframe or frameset I am using Cucumber + Webrat + Mechanize adapter and want to test contents of pages that are iframed or framed into the selected page.
In other words:
Scenario: View header on webpage
  Given I visit a page containing a frameset
  When there is a header frame
  Then I should see login details in frame header

The problem is of course the last step: I need to navigate to the frame header and investigate it's contents. I can verify the frame tag is here
response_body.should have_selector "frame[src][name=header]"

This leaves me with two questions:

*

*How to read the src attribute and navigate to that page

*How to navigate back to the original page

A: This would answer the first part of the question
Then /^I should see login details in frame header$/ do
  within 'frame[name=header]' do |frame|
    frame_src = frame.dom.attributes["src"].value
    visit frame_src
    response_body.should contain "Log in with digital certificate"
    response_body.should_not contain "Log out"
  end
end

A: you don't actually have to do it that way. Because your browser is already loading the frames automatically, you simply need to tell selenium(and thus webrat) which frame you want to look at.
When /^I select the "(.*)" frame$/ do |name|
  selenium.select_frame("name=#{name}")
end

A: try this in the step definition:
within_frame("headerid") do
  assert page.has_content? "login details"
end


NEW Dorchester Town striker Kieffer Moore will go straight into the squad for tomorrow night's clash with Bath City (7.45pm) after signing an 18-month deal.
The 18-year-old has joined the Magpies from Blue Square Bet South rivals Truro City having scored 13 times so far this season.
"He's a hell of a player and someone I've been looking at for some time now," said Magpies' boss Phil Simkin, pictured above.
"It was just a case of putting together a package and we met in Torquay on Sunday and he agreed to sign for us.
"Kieffer is a very powerful centre-forward, good in the air and on the ground, and he is very ambitious.
"He will fit in very well with the lads in the dressing room and I'll be looking to play him up front with Ben Watson and I hope Kieffer's goals will move us away from the bottom of the table.
Mark Jermyn (ankle) and Ashley Nicholls (foot) are set to have late fitness tests and Lewis Morgan (groin) is rated 50-50 but Simkin hopes Harry Bell (hip) and Nathan Walker (eye) will recover from knocks picked up against Salisbury.
Walker needed four stitches to a gash suffered in the build-up to Ben Watson's goal while Bell complained of a slight strain following the physical exertions of the weekend.
"It was a hard afternoon for them and they worked their socks off against an excellent side," said Simkin.
"I've never seen a side work as hard as those boys did on Saturday and they fully deserved that win. We've got to make sure we carry on and get a run going and move away from the bottom of the league.
He added: "Harry rang me to say he had a problem with his hip and our other worry is Nathan who split his eye open.
"He needed four stitches and wants to play tonight but whether we can play him I don't know. Maybe we'll have to play him away from the centre of defence, I don't know.
Meanwhile, Magpies Reserves face their Bashley counterparts at the Avenue tonight (7.45pm) in the Wyvern Premier League.


text:
Posted on August 13, 2021 October 26, 2021 by skip schiel
In July 2019 during a conversation with Amos, who I met during my first trip to the region in 2003 in his kibbutz, Shefayim, and listening to his friend, Aziz Al-Touri, near the Bedouin village of Al Araqib in the Naqab/Negev desert, I heard two major claims: from Amos that one's life is concretely determined by where and when one is born, yet new directions are possible, and from Aziz that Bedouins are an inseparable part of this land and will remain here….
From my journal, interviews, letters, and other writing about internally expelled Palestinian refugees in the West Bank and Gaza (once I can enter Gaza), plus their ancestral homelands. These dispatches are based on my latest sojourns in Palestine-Israel from mid-May to mid-July 2019 and more recent writing. Currently, the Covid-19 pandemic prevents me from returning. I now begin making plans to return in fall, 2021.
My major intention is to convey perspectives expressed by the people I interview, as I understand them, allowing for translation problems, misinformation on the parts of all people involved, and my own biases and ignorance. The histories they present, for instance, I may not agree with. I feel accuracy in reporting what people tell me is more important than the accuracy of their statements. Rather than insert my disagreements with their statements, which could be regarded as an act of white, Eurocentric, male supremacy, I hope to provide open platforms for those I meet.
Hands on our hearts, how many of us can whole-heartedly say we are sure that we would have acted differently from most Germans at the time? How many of us would really have endangered ourselves by opposing the regime? I came to the conclusion that only if I could place morality and justice before all other considerations, and not allow my national or other loyalties to obscure my moral judgement, would I perhaps be able to give an affirmative answer to this tormenting question.
Amos Gvirtz, Don't Say We Didn't Know
Amos Gvirtz
Aziz Al-Touri
For a little more detail: Amos was born into a secular Jewish family. Altho he attended a conventional Israeli school, he could never master the rote learning about Judaism forced on him. He hated this education, would cry because of it, had nightmares.
He said, paraphrasing, central facts are imposed on us, who our parents will be, what country we're born into, our religion, the historical period, our social environment. When we mature and have more control over our lives, we can open our eyes and comprehend larger realities. A key question is first whether we will ever experience this moment, and if we do what we will do with this potential revelationI am a Jewish Israeli, Aziz a Palestinian Bedouin, and, I noted, they were born in the same century and in the same general region. Most Jewish Israelis believe what they're told and taught, same with most Bedouins. His government and military apparatus are trying to remove Aziz and the Bedouins from their ancestral homelands.
The legal system imposed on the Bedouins by Israel prevents fair litigation. As Amos said, the context of this struggle is the legal system controlled by Israel that legalizes removal and relocation of the Bedouin people. Similar to your country's treatment of Native people, he pointed out.
Criminalizing the victim—Amos' term for Israel's treatment of Bedouin, by selectively making laws, Israel converts victims into criminals.
Amos claims that in Israel racism is governmental, to be distinguished from popular racism which he feels by comparison is minor—i.e., the state policy is racist, supported by the people thru elections and lobbying; different from racism in the U.S. which is more populist and widespread, with aspects of racism in government.
Amos explained that during the Ottoman period the government required Bedouins register their lands for tax purposes. Who wants to pay taxes? Amos asked, laughing. So there was very little registration. Thus when Israel demands proof of ownership there is nothing on paper. Furthermore, I suspect Bedouins do not share western concepts of ownership. Rather, shareship. Much like American indigenous people and probably more traditional people everywhere.
He explained further how Israel forces Palestinians (not only Bedouins) to either demolish their own homes or, if Israel demolishes, pay all fees, for the demolition crew and the police and army. This smells like Jews who, he said, after the Kristal Nacht had to pay huge sums of money to help German insurance companies pay the damage that neighbors of the Jewish business had caused. I have learned that during the holocaust the Nazis forced Jews in Warsaw and other sites of Jewish imprisonment to build their own walls, and, most sinisterly, dig their own graves. The parallels are breathtaking. I wonder if anyone has extensively researched the topic and written about these parallels. The big one of course is ghettoization. The crucial element underlying this is othering, or regarding the other as subhuman. Unworthy of human rights because subhuman. Is this generational trauma?
Amos has discovered moral depths outside of traditional religion. I believe he considers himself a socialist (maybe a humanist), close to traditional communist (he lives on a kibbutz which has socialist roots), while opposing the doctrinaire and often-brutal methods of many Communists regimes like the Soviet Union and China. Strongly dedicated to nonviolence, Amos is a founder of Palestinians and Israelis for Non-Violence, former Israeli representative of International Fellowship of Reconciliation and co-founder and former chairperson of the Committee Against House Demolitions. In 2019 he published his first book Don't Say We Didn't Know, available free on Kindle. He maintains an email list with the same title, which is how I stayed in touch with his thinking and advocacy since meeting him nearly 20 years ago. He remains active with the Negev Co-Existence Forum supporting Bedouin people.
Most importantly, Amos is able to pierce the curtain of Israeli denial and deceit that envelops most Israeli Jews, the current right-wing government and its many supporters within the country and elsewhere like my country. When I asked him how he pierced, despite the resistance of many fellow Jewish israelis, he threw up his hands, and said something like, how could I not? I joked that maybe he's the crazy one, not his fellow Jews. Laughter.
He leaves me with the question of how do people embedded in their personal and collective histories claw their path out from the obfuscating haze of denial, confusion, fear, and self-interest?
Aziz, a member of the Committee for the Defense of al-Araqib, was born into a Bedouin family, linked inextricably to the land, generations of his family living not as nomads, the usual image, but as semi nomads, as agriculturists, as shepherds and dry land farmers. His ancestors have lived in the same general area for centuries.
Everything dramatically changed in 1948, the year of Nakba, and the founding of the Israeli state. Successive Israeli administrations with a series of laws attempted to assert control over all the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea and from the Lebanese border to the Egyptian. Israel uprooted Bedouin communities, forced them to move, and requires they live in towns which are equivalent to refugee camps, Native American reservations, and South African apartheid townships (known as Siyāj).
Aziz recounts this poignantly. Paraphrasing, the Israelis ripped out our trees, usually fruit trees like olive, and planted forests, usually water-sucking eucalyptus, over our land and declare it state land; we lose our land rights. We need permits to enter these lands. If we try to feed our animals and lack a permit, Israel can confiscate our animals. Israelis divorced us from the source of our livelihoods and forcibly, often violently, try to push us into towns they create. Or they declare our lands "closed military zones," and we cannot enter. We would be divorced from the land, forced into unskilled labor.
Previously, we raised everything we needed, animals like sheep, goats, chickens, and vegetables, fruits, and olives.We had eggs and made cheese. We never worried about food. In the towns, separated from our lands, now we need cash to supply our needs. My family requires each day around 100 shekels ($25) for bread, milk, other food. How else could we earn money than by working for Israelis?
Consider my uncle. He rents land from a Jew. Ten years ago, he could rent one dunam (1000 square meters or ¼ acre) for 6 months to plant his wheat and barley. This would cost him 100 shekels ($25). Now it's 200. And this is Bedouin land, confiscated by Israel. The Jew wants to become a businessman, increase his income.
This usually means the men leave their homes for their jobs at 6 in the morning, return tired, dirty, and hungry 12 hours later. They need to shower, to rest. There is no time for their children, their wives, their homes and land, if any land remains. No time to tell and listen to stories. Relations within families deteriorate. Couples do not have time for discussions, for raising children, for making love. What happens when my wife becomes frustrated, or I do? Sleep with someone else outside the family perhaps?
Another factor is leadership. Previously our "big man" or sheikh was the person who best cared for the community, not who owned the most land or had the most money. The sheikh would ask, would you like a cup of coffee or tea? What can I do for you, how can I help you? This too is being destroyed as Israel separates us from our traditional ways.
In 2018 Hassina Mechai of the Middle East Monitor reported Aziz telling a conference in Paris: I went to court to defend my rights. In 1973, my grandfather asked the authorities to recognise our land. They still haven't replied. They want the old people to die, and the young ones to forget. But we will always fight for our rights. We need help, not for us but for the future generations.
I went to court to defend my rights. In 1973, my grandfather asked the authorities to recognise our land. They still haven't replied. They want the old people to die, and the young ones to forget. But we will always fight for our rights. We need help, not for us but for the future generations.
Aziz Al-Touri speaking at a conference in Paris, 2018, reported by Hassina Mechai of the Middle East Monitor
Aziz's father, Sayeh Abu Madi'am, the sheikh of Al Araqib, had been in prison for arguing for his people's human rights—10 months when I met Aziz.
After the demonstration and to reach the village where discussion and perhaps a ceremony (I wasn't clear) would be held, Amos suggested young Mohammed, son of Aziz and grandson of the Sheik, ride with me to give me directions. Mohammed, 13 years old, in 7th grade (my granddaughter Eleanor's age at the time) spoke adequate English to guide me to the site. I wish we could have had a fuller discussion—about his life in the village, how he handles the trauma of repeated home demolitions, etc.
Regular demonstration at Lehavin Junction
Yossi, another Israeli at the demonstration, told me that SodaStream, a target of the BDS campaign, has moved out of the illegal industrial park of Mishor Adumim in the West Bank to Rahat in the Negev desert in 2015, near Al Araqib, and into an area near Lehavin Junction, presumably in "official Israel." Yossi told us that he'd noticed new fencing around the new site which may mean eventual confiscation of Bedouin property.
Aziz and other villagers had planned a ceremony to remember and honor the imprisoned sheik, his father, Sayeh Abu Madi'am,in the evening, lighting a number of candles or some other form of lights for the number of days he'd been imprisoned. I hope Aziz and Amos were not disappointed or offended when I left around 7 pm (the vigil began at 4:30), but as I explained to Amos I hoped to return before dark, a long drive back to the Jaffa Hostel where I was staying. I explained, I have vision problems at night, making it up as a lame excuse, but then when on the road as the light waned I remembered that I do have vision problems in low light. I need my old glasses, which I'd left in the hostel.
As of July 20, 2021 when I write this, Israel has destroyed his village 186 times, the most recent during Ramadan in April 2021. The unrecognized village of Al Araqib consists of sheet metal huts, adjoining lands and cemetery. Aziz himself has suffered incarceration for his activism. Thanks to the Negev Coexistence Forum for Civil Equality which brings Jews and others from Israel to support the Bedouins—and of course Amos himself—I was privileged to attend this strategically placed demonstration at a major crossing in the Negev and the later discussion with Aziz.
Al Araqib
On the Map: the Arab Bedouin Villages in the Negev-Naqab: al-ʿArāgīb (Al-Araqib)
Negev Coexistence Forum for Civil Equality
Life in a Bedouin village that's been destroyed 101 times
Skylar Lindsay (2016)
'I became an invader in my own land' — a Palestinian Bedouin's struggle
Hassina Mechai (2018)
108th Demolition of al-Araqib – 12.01.2017 (video)
Negev Coexistence Forum (2017)
Destruction and Return in Al-Araqib
Al-Araqib
Zochrot
Al Araqib Photo Gallery
BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency & Refugee Rights (2011)
Why I Stopped being a Zionist
Amos Gvirtz (2020)
Articles by Amos Gvirtz
A Second Possibilitarian: Amos Gvirtz, Kibbutz Shefayim
Skip Schiel (2004)
Tags: al araqib, amos gvirtz, aziz al touri, Bedouin, demolition, israel, levant, naqab, negev, palestine, Photography, schiel, skip schiel, teeksa, witnessCategories: Palestine & Israel, Photography
One thought on "The Ongoing Nakba: Amos Gvirtz and Aziz Al-Touri, a Jewish Israeli and his Bedouin friend in the southern Negev/Naqab desert"
maresjh says:
I took the time to read this today-thank you for writing and posting it!
Published by skip schiel
a socially engaged photographer, father, grandfather, brother, friend and lover, practitioner of buddhism, quakerism, american indianism, catholic workerism, and earthism, plus basic humanism	View all posts by skip schiel
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When learning to paint flowers in watercolor, initially choose a flower with very few petals or even choose a bud that shows a predominant large piece of petal – as opposed to a flower with numerous petals. Multiple petals can be overwhelming and feel like a maze to paint.
Once drawn, concentrate on each petal separately by narrowing down your focus to a small area. If you look at the whole task ahead it will become overwhelming. Keep your focus on the area you are painting until you have blocked in your underpainting and feel confident. Creating a 'map' by underpainting the light and dark areas will stand you in good stead for the rest of the painting.
Each petal is described using warm and cool shades of similar colors. For instance a red rose will become lighter and cooler as the petal is more affected by the light. As it recedes into the inner depth of the rose or into the shadows behind the rose – the colors become warmer and darker. Take a look at a rose in your garden or in a vase. You will see how the buds and the main rose petals that are in the very inner area or in shadow are more rich in hue – whereas the lighter areas that are affected by daylight are cooler and are more pink/purple (cool) in hue. To see what I mean, do a brush out demo of a bright red petal. Keep the color at the base of the petal warm and rich using a warm red. Now brush in a lighter area of a crimson color such as alizarin crimson. Lighten the Alizarin crimson as it unfolds into the light. See how much cooler it looks compared to the brighter red?
Mixing your shadow color: Take your local color – let's say we have a bright red rose – so we take bright red – now add a touch of the complimentary color of red – which is green. You may vary your shadow color by favoring more red than green – or adding a touch of Phthalo blue – or even a touch of orange to warm the red/green shadow mix up. Variations of colors in the shadows make the shadows dance and glow like jewels. I never use grey to describe shadows.
It is fun to see a rose emerge from the white paper. It is about creating something so real you could almost smell the fragrance. It is all to do with knowing the 'traps for young players', mixing your colors and learning how to see exactly what is in front of you. Then creating the impression of substance rather than something simply 'painted'. Have fun!


text:
Chancellor of University
Vice Chancellor of Academic Affairs
Vice Chancellor of Administrative Affairs
Vice Chancellor of Students Affairs
Board of Directorate
Foreign Relations and Cultural Affairs
Quality Assurance Committee
Public Administraion
Geology Mining and Environment
Dari Language and Literature
Articles of Faculty Members
Scientific Magazine of Balkh University
Marefat Magazine
Students Theses and Final Projects
Students Articles
Books or Resources Search
Information Technology Center
Scientific Research Center
Legal Clinic
Teaching Hospital
Gender committe
Balkh University Honors Master Degree Graduates
The University of Balkh on Thursday hosted an official graduation ceremony, recognizing the first group of 27 Master of Finance and Accounting (MFA) students.
The MFA program was established with financial support of the United States Agency for International Development's University Support and Workforce Development Program (USWDP) and technical expertise provided by the United States-based University of Notre Dame.
This program develops the managerial and technical acumen of the country's youth in the critical areas of accounting and financial services.
The 27 students, including eight women, started their studies in September 2016.
The graduates of the MFA program will work in private and public institutions to provide accounting and financial analysis services. The graduates will also play a key role in developing new accounting and finance policies for Afghanistan that are in line with international standards.
"The graduates of the MFA program will not only exit the university with a master degree but with the technical and professional knowledge and skills to overcome the current financial and accounting challenges in Balkh and Afghanistan in general," said Chancellor of Balkh University Prof. Mukamal Alokozai.
Consul General of Republic of Turkey in Mazar-e-sharif met with Prof. Mukamel Alokozai, Chancellor of Balkh University
Career Center of Balkh University
Dr. Hamidullah Jubran received the DAUG Award of 2017
Inauguration of Agricultural Farm of Balkh University
© 2016 e-Government of Afghanistan, All right reserved


text:
Stories from Rural Egypt
Ahmed Zaki
Gassour
Vassiliou
Adli
Abdulrahman
Mortada
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When Egyptian Musicals Ruled the Box Office
By Mohamad Diab
In a past era when television was not widely accessible and long before music videos were invented, musical films were the primary way for Arab audiences to watch and connect with their favorite singers. An audience of avid music listeners was transformed into spectators, and this recipe proved successful for film producers. Between the early 1930s and early 1960s, over 300 musicals were made. Many of these films were box office hits, with singer-actors including Mohammed Abdel Wahab, Umm Kulthum, Mohamed Fawzi, Shadia, Sabah, Farid Al- Atrash and Abdel Halim Hafez emerging as Arab idols, with their iconic portraits spanning walls and billboards of major Arab cities.
Despite the later influence of Hollywood, early Egyptian musicals evolved independently from international cinematic trends. The emergence of Egyptian musical films in the 1930s has its roots in the debut of modern theater in Egypt and the Arab world at the turn of the twentieth century[1]. The exciting combination of music with acting was popular in musical performances, particularly in plays from troupes led by Youssef Wahbi, Ali Al-Kassar and Naguib Al-Rihani. These theater pioneers were themselves among the early trailblazers of Egyptian cinema.
Young Umm Kulthum on the booklet cover of The Chant of Hope (1937).
In the early 1930s, prominent composer and singer Mohammed Abdel Wahab began a partnership with aspiring director Mohammed Karim. This collaboration lasted until Abdel Wahab's retirement from acting in 1946 and resulted in several prominent films, including The White Rose (1933), Love's Tears (1935) and Long Live Love (1938). Songs from these films departed from traditional Arab songs in length, each being about five minutes duration. These songs often reflected the inner sorrows and joys of the protagonist, the young lover Abdel Wahab.
Love's Tears. Egypt, 1935. 1954 Re-release poster, 60 x 90 cm. Artist: Izzeddine.
Between the late 1930s and early 1940s, many new singers enjoyed their debut film appearances, including Umm Kulthum, Farid Al-Atrash, Layla Murad, Mohammed Al-Kahlawi, Nour Al-Hoda, and Mohamed Fawzi. Several of these talents were already recognized and had attained fame through other media, such as music hall performances and radio[2], while others were discovered and introduced to cinema by directors like Hussein Fawzi, Youssef Wahbi and Ahmed Badrakhan.
While the first wave of musicals in the 1930s was often associated with melodrama, subsequent films were less confined to this genre and trends began to emerge in themes, stars and directors. For example, Umm Kulthum typically starred in tragic love stories and historical adaptations. Farid Al-Atrash often portrayed the difficult journey of a young singer to fame. Musicals featuring singer-composer-actor Mohamed Fawzi tended toward cheerful comedy, especially beginning in the late 1940s; this is most evident in musicals like Love and Madness (1949) and Fatima, Marika and Rachel (1949). In the late 1940s, musicals combining drama, comedy and romance, and featuring individual songs and theatrical performances – the films Girls' Flirtation (1949) and The Feast Night (1949) are two prime examples – represented the peak of Egyptian musical entertainment cinema.
The Soul and the Body. Egypt, 1948. 60 x 90 cm. Artist: Andrea.
Musicals from this period had a massive public impact. Anecdotes from the debut of Umm Kulthum's Fatmah (1947) report that the audience was filled with intense sorrow. The film tells the bitter story of Fatmah, a poor girl who is deceived by a flamboyant, wealthy man who leaves her when she becomes pregnant. Scenarist Sherif El-Menyawi recalls viewing the film's first release as a 10-year-old boy in Port Said. When Umm Kulthum's beloved breaks his promise and leaves her, she sings People Were Unfair to Me, which provoked the rapt cinema audience to burst into tears, according to El-Menyawi. When she holds and mourns her newborn son, the audience began to cry as if they were mourning a funeral. Some young girls in the audience fainted, which led to the show being stopped and the lights raised[3].
The late 1940s and early 1950s saw the birth of stardom for a new generation of singers: Shadia, Sabah and Abdel Halim Hafez, who were contemporaneous to Farid Al-Atrash, Layla Murad and Mohamed Fawzi during the 1950s. Lighthearted Shadia stepped back from singing and focused on acting after a number of successful musicals, highlighted by Amal (1952) and You Are My Love (1957). Lebanese actress-singer Sabah's career was one of the longest and earned her pan-Arab popularity. Among her most-known films are Bolbol Efendi (1948), Love Street (1958) and The Tears Road (1961). Sabah later moved to Lebanon, where she also starred in dozens of films, including The Idol of the Crowds (1964) and The Millionairess (1966).
Love Nights. Egypt, 1955. 60 x 89 cm. Artist: Gassour.
The icon of Egyptian musicals from the mid-1950s to late 1960s was Abdel Halim Hafez. Hafez represented his generation of Egyptian youth. Often portrayed as a vulnerable, poor young man struggling to win his beloved's heart and overcome social barriers, he echoed many of his counterparts' struggles and symbolized love, sacrifice and spontaneity. Filled with a mix of sad and cheerful songs, musicals such as Love Nights (1955), The Empty Pillow (1957) and A Day of My Life (1961) combined musicals with romantic melodramas. Many of Abdel Halim's most popular short songs were originally made for cinema.
Beginning in the late 1950s, musical films represented a smaller share of Egyptian cinema production, giving way to more realistic dramas. This trend was in line with the State's new directives for cinema. Thus, musicals were produced with less frequency from the 1960s onward. Despite flagging support from studios, a handful of new vocal talents still gravitated to the cinema industry. Singer Muharram Fouad starred in The Melody of Happiness (1960), while Maher Al-Attar starred in The Sad Melody (1960). Warda Al-Jazairia made her debut in Almaz and Abdo Al-Hamouly (1961). All three of these films were directed by Helmy Rafla, who worked on many of the best musicals produced in the 1950s and early 1960s.
Melody of Happiness. Egypt, 1960. 70 x 100 cm. Artist: Vassiliou.
Egyptian musicals were primarily associated with romance, drama and comedy. However, in limited examples, musicals featured religious stories (e.g. Rabiah Al-Adawiyah, 1963), biographies (e.g. Sayed Darwish, 1966), and historical/period dramas (e.g. The Singer, 1980).
It was common for musicals of the 1940s and 1950s to feature belly dancing performances. However, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, several musicals featured dance performances by the singer herself, particularly those of Soad Hosny (e.g. Watch Out for Zouzou, 1972). Other musicals from this period, including Reda Troupe's Love in Karnak (1967), were distinguished by featuring group performances.
The Showgirl. Egypt, 1969. 70 x 100 cm. Artist: Abdulaziz.
The waning popularity of musicals in the 1970s was compounded by the failure of the cinema production ecosystem to discover popular singers who also had acting talent. Most of the singers who appeared in musicals from the 1970s to 2000s, including Hany Shaker, Mohamed Fouad and Amr Diab, had only a handful of film appearances.
The cultural impact of Egyptian musicals, particularly those from the 1930s to 1960s, cannot be underestimated. They boosted the popularity of Egyptian cinema throughout the Arab world and beyond. To an audience of music listeners, these were a unique way to visualize songs and were likely a more cultivated predecessor to modern video clips. The wealth of musical films from the Golden Age of Egyptian Cinema, together with their posters and song recordings, represent an opportunity to rediscover an era of authentic love, joy and heartfelt melodies.
Discover City Lights Posters' musical posters collection.
[1] Shafik, Viola. Arab Cinema: History and Cultural Identity. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2016.
[2] Creekmur, Corey K., and Linda Y. Mokdad. "Egypt." In The International Film Musical, 213–26. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012.
[3] Kassem, Mahmoud. Musicals in Egyptian Cinema (Arabic). Beirut: Al-Furat, 2015.
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