text:
\section{\bf Introduction}
Quantum entanglement plays crucial roles in quantum information
processing \cite{nielsen}. Entanglement of formation (EOF)
\cite{eof} and concurrence \cite{concurrence,anote} are two well
defined quantitative measures of quantum entanglement. For two-quibt
systems it has been proved that EOF is a monotonically increasing
function of the concurrence and an elegant formula for the
concurrence was derived analytically by Wootters \cite{wotters}.
However with the increasing dimensions of the subsystems the
computation of EOF and concurrence become formidably difficult. A
few explicit analytic formulae for EOF and concurrence have been
found only for some special symmetric states
\cite{Terhal-Voll2000,fjlw,fl,fwz,Rungta03}.

The first analytic lower bound of concurrence
that can be tightened by numerical optimization over some parameters
was derived in \cite{167902}.
In \cite{Chen-Albeverio-Fei1,chen} analytic
lower bounds on EOF and concurrence for any dimensional mixed
bipartite quantum states have been presented
by using the positive partial
transposition (PPT) and realignment separability criteria.
These bounds are exact for some
special classes of states and can be used to detect many bound
entangled states. In \cite{breuer} another lower bound on EOF for
bipartite states has been presented from a new separability
criterion \cite{breuerprl}. A lower bound of concurrence based on
local uncertainty relations (LURs) criterion is derived in
\cite{vicente}. This bound is further optimized in \cite{zhang}. The
lower bound of concurrence for tripartite systems has been studied
in \cite{gao}.

In \cite{edward,ou} the authors presented
lower bounds of concurrence for bipartite systems in terms of
a different approach. It has been shown that this lower bound has a
close relationship with the distillability of bipartite quantum states.

In this letter, we study the lower bound of concurrence for
arbitrary multipartite quantum systems by using the approach in
\cite{ou}. Let $H$ denotes a $d$-dimensional vector space with basis
$|i\rangle$, $i=1,2,...,d$. An $N$-partite pure state in
${H}\otimes\cdots\otimes{H}$ is generally of the form,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{purestate}
|\Psi\rangle=\sum\limits_{i_{1},i_{2},\cdots
i_{N}=1}^{d}a_{i_{1},i_{2},\cdots i_{N}}|i_{1},i_{2},\cdots
i_{N}\rangle,\quad a_{i_{1},i_{2},\cdots i_{N}}\in {\Bbb C}.
\end{eqnarray}

Let $\alpha$ and $\alpha^{'}$ (resp.$\beta$ and $\beta^{'}$) be
subsets of the subindices of $a$, associated to the same sub Hilbert
spaces but with different summing indices. $\alpha$ (or
$\alpha^{'}$) and $\beta$ (or $\beta^{'}$) span the whole space of the
given sub-indix of $a$. The generalized concurrence of $|\Psi\rangle$ is
then given by \cite{anote}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{def}
C_{d}^{N}(|\Psi\rangle)=\sqrt{\frac{d}{2m(d-1)}\sum\limits_{p}
\sum\limits_{\{\alpha,\alpha^{'},\beta,\beta^{'}\}}^{d}
|a_{\alpha\beta}a_{\alpha^{'}\beta^{'}}-a_{\alpha\beta^{'}}a_{\alpha^{'}\beta}|^{2}},
\end{eqnarray}
where $m=2^{N-1}-1$, $\sum\limits_{p}$ stands for the summation
over all possible combinations of the indices of $\alpha$ and $\beta$.

For a mixed state $\rho$,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{rho}
\rho=\sum_{i}p_{i}|\psi_{i}\rangle\langle\psi_{i}|,\quad p_{i}\geq
0,\quad\sum_{i}p_{i}=1,
\end{eqnarray}
the concurrence is defined by the convex-roof:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{conrho}
C(\rho)=\min\sum_{i}p_{i}C(|\psi_{i}\rangle),
\end{eqnarray}
minimized over all possible pure state decompositions.

\section{\bf Lower bound of the concurrence of a multipartite quantum state}
We first consider tripartite case. A general pure state on $H\otimes
H\otimes H$ is of the form
\begin{eqnarray}\label{pure}
|\Psi\rangle=\sum\limits_{i,j,k=1}^{d}a_{ijk}|ijk\rangle,\quad a_{ijk}\in
{\Bbb C},\quad \sum\limits_{i,j,k=1}^{d}a_{ijk}a_{ijk}^{*}=1
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}\label{def1}
C_{d}^{3}(|\Psi\rangle)=\sqrt{\frac{d}{6(d-1)}\sum(|a_{ijk}a_{pqm}-a_{ijm}a_{pqk}|^{2}
+|a_{ijk}a_{pqm}-a_{iqk}a_{pjm}|^{2}+|a_{ijk}a_{pqm}-a_{pjk}a_{iqm}|^{2})}
\end{eqnarray}
or equivalently
\begin{eqnarray}\label{def12}
C_{d}^{3}(|\Psi\rangle)=\sqrt{\frac{d}{6(d-1)}(3-(Tr\rho_{1}^{2}+Tr\rho_{2}^{2}+Tr\rho_{3}^{2}))},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\rho_{1}=Tr_{23}(\rho), \rho_{2}=Tr_{13}(\rho),
\rho_{3}=Tr_{12}(\rho)$ are the reduced density matrices of
$\rho=|\Psi\rangle\langle\Psi|$.

Define
\begin{eqnarray}
C_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}(|\Psi\rangle)&=&|a_{ijk}a_{pqm}-a_{ijm}a_{pqk}|,\quad
C_{\alpha\beta}^{13|2}(|\Psi\rangle)=|a_{ijk}a_{pqm}-a_{iqk}a_{pjm}|,\nonumber\\
C_{\alpha\beta}^{23|1}(|\Psi\rangle)&=&|a_{ijk}a_{pqm}-a_{pjk}a_{iqm}|,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\alpha$ and $\beta$ of $C_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}$ (resp. $C_{\alpha\beta}^{13|2}$ resp. $C_{\alpha\beta}^{23|1}$)
stand for the sub-indices of $a$ associated with the subspaces $1,2$ and $3$ (resp. $1,3$ and $2$ resp. $2,3$ and $1$).
Let $L^{i_{1}i_{2}\cdots i_{N}}$ denote the generators of
group $SO(d_{i_{1}}d_{i_{2}}\cdots d_{i_{N}})$ associated to the
subsystems $i_{1},i_{2},\cdots, i_{N}$. Then for a tripartite pure
state ($\ref{pure}$), one has
\begin{eqnarray}\label{con}
C_{d}^{3}(|\Psi\rangle)&=&\sqrt{\frac{d}{6(d-1)}
\sum_{\alpha}^{\frac{d^{2}(d^{2}-1)}{2}}\sum_{\beta}^{\frac{d(d-1)}{2}}
[({C_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}(|\Psi\rangle)})^{2}
+({C_{\alpha\beta}^{13|2}}(|\Psi\rangle))^{2}+({C_{\alpha\beta}^{23|1}(|\Psi\rangle)})^{2}]}\nonumber\\
&=&\sqrt{\frac{d}{6(d-1)} \sum_{\alpha\beta}
[(|\langle\Psi|S_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}|\Psi^{*}\rangle|)^{2}
+(|\langle\Psi|S_{\alpha\beta}^{13|2}|\Psi^{*}\rangle|)^{2}+(|\langle\Psi|S_{\alpha\beta}^{23|1}|\Psi^{*}\rangle|)^{2}]},
\end{eqnarray}
where $S_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}=(L_{\alpha}^{12}\otimes
L^{3}_{\beta})$, $S_{\alpha\beta}^{13|2}=(L_{\alpha}^{13}\otimes
L^{2}_{\beta})$ and $S_{\alpha\beta}^{23|1}=(L_{\beta}^{1}\otimes
L^{23}_{\alpha})$.

{\bf{Theorem 1:}} For an arbitrary mixed state $(\ref{rho})$ in
$H\otimes H\otimes H$, the concurrence $C(\rho)$ satisfies
\begin{eqnarray}\label{11}
\tau_{3}(\rho)\equiv\frac{d}{6(d-1)}\sum_{\alpha}^{\frac{d^{2}(d^{2}-1)}{2}}\sum_{\beta}^{\frac{d(d-1)}{2}}
[({C_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}(\rho)})^{2}
+({C_{\alpha\beta}^{13|2}(\rho)})^{2}+({C_{\alpha\beta}^{23|1}(\rho)})^{2}]\leq C^{2}(\rho),
\end{eqnarray}
where $\tau_{3}(\rho)$ is a lower bound of $C(\rho)$,
\begin{eqnarray}
C_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}(\rho)=\max\{0,\lambda(1)_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}-\lambda(2)_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}
-\lambda(3)_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}-\lambda(4)_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}\},
\end{eqnarray}
$\lambda(1)_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}, \lambda(2)_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3},
\lambda(3)_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}, \lambda(4)_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}$
are the square roots of the four nonzero eigenvalues, in decreasing
order, of the non-Hermitian matrix
$\rho\widetilde{\rho}_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}$ with
$\widetilde{\rho}_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}=S_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}\rho^{*}S_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}$.
$C_{\alpha\beta}^{13|2}(\rho)$ and $C_{\alpha\beta}^{23|1}(\rho)$
are defined in a similar way to $C_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}(\rho)$.

{\bf{Proof:}} Set $|\xi_{i}\rangle=\sqrt{p_{i}}|\psi_{i}\rangle$,
$x_{\alpha\beta}^{i}=|\langle\xi_{i}|S_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}|\xi_{i}^{*}\rangle|$,
$y_{\alpha\beta}^{i}=|\langle\xi_{i}|S_{\alpha\beta}^{13|2}|\xi_{i}^{*}\rangle|$
and
$z_{\alpha\beta}^{i}=|\langle\xi_{i}|S_{\alpha\beta}^{1|23}|\xi_{i}^{*}\rangle|$.
We have, from Minkowski inequality
\begin{eqnarray}\label{14}
C(\rho)&=&\min\sum_{i}\sqrt{\frac{d}{6(d-1)} \sum_{\alpha\beta}
\left[(x_{\alpha\beta}^{i})^{2} +(y_{\alpha\beta}^{i})^{2}
+(z_{\alpha\beta}^{i})^{2}\right]}\nonumber\\
&\geq&\min\sqrt{\frac{d}{6(d-1)}
\sum_{\alpha\beta}\left(\sum_{i}[(x_{\alpha\beta}^{i})^{2}
+(y_{\alpha\beta}^{i})^{2}+(z_{\alpha\beta}^{i})^{2}]^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)^{2}}.\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

Noting that for nonnegative real variables $x_{\alpha}$,
$y_{\alpha}$, $z_{\alpha}$ and given
$X=\sum\limits_{\alpha=1}^{N}x_{\alpha}$,
$Y=\sum\limits_{\alpha=1}^{N}Y_{\alpha}$ and
$Z=\sum\limits_{\alpha=1}^{N}z_{\alpha}$, by using Lagrange
multipliers one obtain that the following inequality holds,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{inequality}
\sum\limits_{\alpha=1}^{N}(x_{\alpha}^{2}+y_{\alpha}^{2}+z_{\alpha}^{2})^{\frac{1}{2}}\geq
(X^{2}+Y^{2}+Z^{2})^{\frac{1}{2}}.
\end{eqnarray}
Therefore we have
\begin{eqnarray}\label{14p}
C(\rho)&\geq&\min\sqrt{\frac{d}{6(d-1)}
\sum_{\alpha\beta}[(\sum_{i}x_{\alpha\beta}^{i})^{2}
+(\sum_{i}y_{\alpha\beta}^{i})^{2}+(\sum_{i}z_{\alpha\beta}^{i})^{2}]}\nonumber\\
&\geq&\sqrt{\frac{d}{6(d-1)}
\sum_{\alpha\beta}[(\min\sum_{i}x_{\alpha\beta}^{i})^{2}
+(\min\sum_{i}y_{\alpha\beta}^{i})^{2}+(\min\sum_{i}z_{\alpha\beta}^{i})^{2}]}.
\end{eqnarray}

The values of
$C_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}(\rho)\equiv\min\sum\limits_{i}x_{\alpha\beta}^{i}$,
$C_{\alpha\beta}^{13|2}(\rho)\equiv\min\sum\limits_{i}y_{\alpha\beta}^{i}$
and
$C_{\alpha\beta}^{23|1}(\rho)\equiv\min\sum\limits_{i}z_{\alpha\beta}^{i}$
can be calculated by using the similar procedure in \cite{wotters}. Here we
compute the value of $C_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}(\rho)$ in detail. The values of
$C_{\alpha\beta}^{13|2}(\rho)$ and $C_{\alpha\beta}^{23|1}(\rho)$
can be obtained analogously.

Let $\lambda_{i}$ and $|\chi_{i}\rangle$ be eigenvalues and eigenvectors
of $\rho$ respectively. Any decomposition of $\rho$ can be obtained
from a unitary $d^{3}\times d^{3}$ matrix $V_{ij}$,
$|\xi_{j}\rangle=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{d^{3}}V^{*}_{ij}(\sqrt{\lambda_{i}}|\chi_{i}\rangle)$.
Therefore one has
$\langle\xi_{i}|S^{12|3}_{\alpha\beta}|\xi_{j}^{*}\rangle=(VY_{\alpha\beta}V^{T})_{ij}$,
where the matrix $Y_{\alpha\beta}$ is defined by
$(Y_{\alpha\beta})_{ij}=\langle\chi_{i}|S^{12|3}_{\alpha\beta}|\chi_{j}^{*}\rangle$.
Namely
$C_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}(\rho)=\min\sum_{i}|[VY_{\alpha\beta}V^{T}]_{ii}|$,
which has an analytical expression \cite{wotters},
$C_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}(\rho)=\max\{0,\lambda(1)_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}
-\sum_{j>1}\lambda(j)_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}\}$, where
$\lambda^{12|3}_{\alpha\beta}(k)$ are the square roots of the
eigenvalues of the positive Hermitian matrix
$Y_{\alpha\beta}Y_{\alpha\beta}^{\dag}$, or equivalently the
non-Hermitian matrix $\rho\widetilde{\rho}_{\alpha\beta}$, in
decreasing order. Here as the matrix $S_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}$ has
$d^{2}-4$ rows and $d^{2}-4$ columns that are identically zero, the
matrix $\rho\widetilde{\rho}_{\alpha\beta}$ has a rank no greater
than 4, i.e., $\lambda_{\alpha\beta}^{12|3}(j)=0$ for $j\geq 5$.
From Eq.($\ref{14p}$) we have Eq.($\ref{11}$).$\hfill\Box$

Theorem 1 can be directly generalized to arbitrary multipartite
case.

{\bf{Theorem 2:}} For an arbitrary $N$-partite state $\rho\in
{{H}}\otimes {H}\otimes\cdots\otimes {H}$, the concurrence defined
in ($\ref{conrho}$) satisfies:
\begin{eqnarray}
\tau_{N}(\rho)\equiv\frac{d}{2m(d-1)}\sum_{p}\sum_{\alpha\beta}(C_{\alpha\beta}^{p}(\rho))^{2}\leq
C^{2}(\rho),
\end{eqnarray}
where $\tau_{N}(\rho)$ is the lower bound of $C(\rho)$,
$\sum\limits_{p}$ stands for the summation over all possible
combinations of the indices of $\alpha,\beta$,
$C_{\alpha\beta}^{p}(\rho)=\max\{0,
\lambda(1)_{\alpha\beta}^{p}-\lambda(2)_{\alpha\beta}^{p}
-\lambda(3)_{\alpha\beta}^{p}-\lambda(4)_{\alpha\beta}^{p}\}$,
$\lambda(i)_{\alpha\beta}^{p}$, $i=1, 2, 3, 4$, are the square roots
of the four nonzero eigenvalues, in decreasing order, of the
non-Hermitian matrix $\rho\widetilde{\rho}_{\alpha\beta}^{p}$ where
$\widetilde{\rho}_{\alpha\beta}^{p}=S_{\alpha\beta}^{p}\rho^{*}S_{\alpha\beta}^{p}$.

\section{\bf The lower bound and separability}
An N-partite quantum state $\rho$ is fully separable if and only if
there exist $p_{i}$ with $p_{i}\geq0, \sum\limits_{i}p_{i}=1$ and
pure states $\rho_{i}^{j}=|\psi_{i}^{j}\rangle\langle\psi_{i}^{j}|$ such
that
\begin{eqnarray}
\rho=\sum_{i}p_{i}\rho_{i}^{1}\otimes\rho_{i}^{2}\otimes\cdots\otimes\rho_{i}^{N}.
\end{eqnarray}

It is easily verified that for a fully separable multipartite state
$\rho$, $\tau_{N}(\rho)=0$. Thus $\tau_{N}(\rho)>0$ indicates that
there must be some kinds of entanglement inside the quantum state,
which shows that the lower bound $\tau_{N}(\rho)$ can be used to
recognize entanglement.

As an example we consider a tripartite quantum state \cite{acin},
$\rho=\frac{1-p}{8}I_{8}+p|W\rangle\langle W|$, where $I_{8}$ is the
$8\times8$ identity matrix, and
$|W\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(|100\rangle+|010\rangle+|001\rangle)$ is the
tripartite W-state. Select an entanglement witness operator to be
${\mathcal {W}}=\frac{1}{2}I_{8}-|GHZ\rangle\langle GHZ|$, where
$|GHZ\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|000\rangle+|111\rangle)$ to be the tripartite
GHZ-state. By computing $Tr\{{\mathcal {W}}\rho\}<0$ the
entanglement of $\rho$ is detected for $\frac{3}{5} < p \leq 1$ in
\cite{acin}. In \cite{hassan} the authors have obtained the
generalized correlation matrix criterion which says if an N-qubit
quantum state is fully separable then the inequality $||{\mathcal
{T}}^{N}||_{KF}\leq 1$ must hold, where $||{\mathcal
{T}}^{N}||_{KF}=\max\{||{\mathcal {T}}_{n}^{N}||_{KF}\}$, ${\mathcal
{T}}_{n}^{N}$ is a kind of matrix unfold of
$t_{\alpha_{1}\alpha_{2}\cdots\alpha_{N}}$ defined by
$t_{\alpha_{1}\alpha_{2}\cdots\alpha_{N}}=Tr\{\rho\sigma_{\alpha_{1}}^{(1)}
\sigma_{\alpha_{2}}^{(2)}\cdots \sigma_{\alpha_{N}}^{(N)}\}$ and
$\sigma_{\alpha_{i}}^{(i)}$ stands for the pauli matrix. Now using
the generalized correlation matrix criterion the entanglement of
$\rho$ is detected for $0.3068 < p \leq 1$. From our theorem, we
have that the lower bound $\tau_{3}(\rho)>0$ for $0.2727 < p \leq
1$. Therefore our bound detects entanglement better than these two
criteria in this case. If we replace W with GHZ state in $\rho$, the
criterion in \cite{hassan} detects the entanglement of $\rho$ for
$0.35355 < p \leq 1$, while $\tau_{3}(\rho)$ detects, again better,
the entanglement for $0.2 < p \leq 1$.

Nevertheless for PPT states $\rho$, we have $\tau_{3}(\rho)=0$,
which can be seen in the following way. A density matrix $\rho$ is
called PPT if the partial transposition of $\rho$ over any
subsystem(s) is still positive. Let $\rho^{T_{i}}$ denote the
partial transposition with respect to the $i$-th subsystem. Assume
that there is a PPT state $\rho$ with $\tau(\rho)>0$. Then at least
one term in ($\ref{11}$), say
$C_{\alpha_{0}\beta_{0}}^{12|3}(\rho)$, is not zero. Define
$\rho_{\alpha_{0}\beta_{0}}=L_{\alpha_{0}}^{12}\otimes
L_{\beta_{0}}^{3}\rho (L_{\alpha_{0}}^{12}\otimes
L_{\beta_{0}}^{3})^{\dag}$. By using the PPT property of $\rho$, we
have:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{19}
\rho_{\alpha_{0}\beta_{0}}^{T_{3}}=L_{\alpha_{0}}^{12}\otimes
(L_{\beta_{0}}^{3})^{*}\rho^{T_{3}}
(L_{\alpha_{0}}^{12})^{\dag}\otimes (L_{\beta_{0}}^{3})^{T}\geq 0.
\end{eqnarray}
Noting that both $L_{\alpha_{0}}^{12}$ and $ L_{\beta_{0}}^{3}$ are
projectors to two-dimensional subsystems,
$\rho_{\alpha_{0}\beta_{0}}$ can be considered as a $4\times 4$
density matrix. While a PPT $4\times 4$ density matrix
$\rho_{\alpha_{0}\beta_{0}}$ must be a separable state,
which contradicts with $C_{\alpha_{0}\beta_{0}}^{12|3}(\rho)\neq 0$.

\section{\bf Comparison with the lower bound of the bipartite
concurrence}
The lower bound $\tau_{2}$ of concurrence for bipartite
states has been obtained in \cite{ou}. For a bipartite quantum state
$\rho$ in $H\otimes H$, the concurrence $C(\rho)$ satisfies
\begin{eqnarray}\label{ou}
\tau_{2}(\rho)\equiv\frac{d}{2(d-1)}\sum_{m,n=1}^{\frac{d(d-1)}{2}}C_{mn}^{2}(\rho)\leq
C^{2}(\rho),
\end{eqnarray}
where $C_{mn}^{2}(\rho)=\max\{0,\lambda_{mn}(1)-\lambda_{mn}(2)
-\lambda_{mn}(3)-\lambda_{mn}(4)\}$ with $\lambda_{mn}(1), ...,
\lambda_{mn}(4)$ being the square roots of the four nonzero
eigenvalues, in decreasing order, of the non-Hermitian matrix
$\rho\widetilde{\rho}_{mn}$ with
$\widetilde{\rho}_{mn}=(L_{m}\otimes L_{n})\rho^{*}(L_{m}\otimes
L_{n})$, $L_{m}$ and $L_{n}$ being the generators of $SO(d)$.
$\tau_{3}$ is basically different from $\tau_{2}$ as $\tau_{3}$
characterizes also genuine tripartite entanglement that can not be
described by bipartite decompositions. Nevertheless, there are
interesting relations between them.

{\bf{Theorem 3:}} For any pure tripartite state ($\ref{pure}$), the
following inequality holds:
\begin{eqnarray}
\tau_{2}(\rho_{12})+\tau_{2}(\rho_{13})+\tau_{2}(\rho_{23}) \leq
3\tau_{3}(\rho),
\end{eqnarray}
where $\tau_{2}$ is the lower bound of bipartite concurrence
($\ref{ou}$), $\tau_{3}$ is the lower bound of
tripartite concurrence ($\ref{11}$) and $\rho_{12}=Tr_{3}(\rho)$,
$\rho_{13}=Tr_{2}(\rho)$, $\rho_{23}=Tr_{1}(\rho)$,
$\rho=|\Psi\rangle_{123}\langle\Psi|$.

{\bf{Proof:}} Since
$C_{\alpha\beta}^{2}\leq(\lambda_{\alpha\beta}(1))^{2}
\leq\sum_{i=1}^{4}(\lambda_{\alpha\beta}(i))^{2}=Tr(\rho
\widetilde{\rho}_{\alpha\beta})$ for $\rho=\rho_{12}$,
$\rho=\rho_{13}$ and $\rho=\rho_{23}$, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\tau_{2}(\rho_{12})+\tau_{2}(\rho_{13})+\tau_{2}(\rho_{23})
\nonumber\\
&\leq&
\frac{d}{2(d-1)}(\sum_{\alpha,\beta=1}^{\frac{d(d-1)}{2}}Tr(\rho_{12}
(\widetilde{\rho}_{12})_{\alpha\beta})+\sum_{\alpha,\beta=1}^{\frac{d(d-1)}{2}}Tr(\rho_{13}
(\widetilde{\rho}_{13})_{\alpha\beta})+\sum_{\alpha,\beta=1}^{\frac{d(d-1)}{2}}Tr(\rho_{23}
(\widetilde{\rho}_{23})_{\alpha\beta})) \nonumber\\
&=&\frac{d}{2(d-1)}(3-Tr\rho_{1}^{2}-Tr\rho_{2}^{2}-Tr\rho_{3}^{2})=3C^{2}(\rho)=3\tau_{3}(\rho),
\end{eqnarray}
where we have used the similar analysis in \cite{ou,ckw} to obtain
the equality $\sum\limits_{\alpha,\beta}Tr(\rho_{12}
(\widetilde{\rho}_{12})_{\alpha\beta})=1-Tr\rho_{1}^{2}-Tr\rho_{2}^{2}+Tr\rho_{3}^{2}$,
$\sum\limits_{\alpha,\beta}Tr(\rho_{13}
(\widetilde{\rho}_{13})_{\alpha\beta})=1-Tr\rho_{1}^{2}+Tr\rho_{2}^{2}-Tr\rho_{3}^{2}$,
$\sum\limits_{\alpha,\beta}Tr(\rho_{23}
(\widetilde{\rho}_{23})_{\alpha\beta})=1+Tr\rho_{1}^{2}-Tr\rho_{2}^{2}-Tr\rho_{3}^{2}$.
The last equality is due to that $\rho$ is a pure state.\hfill$\Box$

In fact, the bipartite entanglement inside a tripartite state
is useful for distilling maximally entangled states.
Assume that there are two of the qualities $\{\tau(\rho_{12}),
\tau(\rho_{13}), \tau(\rho_{23})\}$ larger than zero, say
$\tau(\rho_{12})>0$ and $\tau(\rho_{13})>0$. According to \cite{ou},
one can distill two maximal entangled states $|\psi_{12}\rangle$ and
$|\psi_{13}\rangle$ which belong to ${\mathcal {H}}_{1}\otimes{\mathcal
{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathcal {H}}_{1}\otimes{\mathcal {H}}_{3}$
respectively. In terms of the result in \cite{zukowski}, one
can use them to produce a GHZ state.

\section{\bf Conclusions}

We have studied the concurrence for multipartite quantum states and
derived an explicit lower bound of the concurrence.
This bound can be also served as separability
criterion. It detects entanglement of some states better than some
separability criteria. For tripartite PPT states the lower bound is
zero. The bound also gives sufficient conditions for distilling GHZ
states from tripartite states. Moreover it has been shown that there
is an interesting relation, similar to the monogamy inequalities and
tangle \cite{tangle}, between the lower bound of the concurrence
$\tau_2$ for bipartite states and $\tau_3$ for tripartite states. In
addition, our results can be easily generalized to the situation
that all the subsystems have different dimensions. By simply neglect
the coefficient related to the dimensions, $\frac{d}{2m(d-1)}$, in
the concurrence defined in ($\ref{def}$), similar results of theorem
2 and 3 hold for systems with different dimensions of subsystems.

\bigskip
\noindent{\bf Acknowledgments}\, This work is supported by the NSFC
10675086, KZ200810028013, and NKBRPC(2004CB318000).

\smallskip

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Location: Santa Barbara, CA
We're a company of users. It's who we are. We're the greatest dreamers about what could be, and the harshest of critics about what exists. Because of this, the creation of Black Diamond is a process that will never end. The company today is more committed than ever, thanks to the many people in the U.S. and at Black Diamond Europe whose limitless energy and hands-on involvement have created a promising future for all climbers and skiers worldwide.
Our team in Innsbruck is continuously growing. Check out our open positions below. We look forward to your application!
BilanzbuchhalterIn (F/M/X)
Customer Service Representative (F/M/X)
WORKING AT BLACK DIAMOND
Bound by our undying passion for climbing, skiing and mountain adventure, Black Diamond Equipment employees number more than 500 worldwide. Our passion is what drives us to relentlessly design, engineer and build the world's best climbing, skiing and mountain equipment. Working at Black Diamond Equipment allows for a career that aligns with and integrates the human-powered pursuits that we all live by.
Ready When You Are

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I don't normally cover or link camera related stuff on this blog or in general but I think I will start now. I have gained a large interest in cameras and photography after starting my photography class in my program at school. I am considering very heavily in going into the field as a career. Either way when I was going around trying to expand my knowledge in photography I came upon "CameraRec Toby" on YouTube. I found his videos incredibly helpful. It was because of his videos on the Canon T5i and the 18-135 lens that I finally decided on picking up that kit combo. Worth every penny if you ask me. I hope you guys like this video and support Toby by subscribing to his channel and using the links he provides in the description.


text:
'use strict';
const svgCaptcha = require('svg-captcha');

module.exports = app => {
  class CommonController extends app.Controller {

    * captcha() {

      const { ctx, service } = this;
      const captcha = svgCaptcha.create({ noise: 3, color: false, ignoreChars: '2Z0o1i' });
      ctx.session.captcha = captcha.text.toLowerCase();
      ctx.response.ct = 'image/svg+xml';

      ctx.body = captcha.data;

    }

  }

  return CommonController;
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Are energy-efficient light bulbs not efficient enough for Russia?
Russia had plans to fully transition to energy-efficient light bulbs by the end of 2014 and was preparing to completely abandon the production of incandescent bulbs. However, several State Duma deputies declared they were against the idea. In their opinion, modern energy-efficient technology has not proven its efficiency in Russia and still causes more harm than good for both the environment and human health.
At the end of September, State Duma deputies from the Just Russia party Ivan Grachev and Andrei Krutov, as well as Liberal Democratic deputy Vasily Tarasyuk, submitted a bill to the Duma that would cancel several provisions in the law governing energy conservation and efficiency.
The three deputies are opposed to stopping incandescent light bulb production. In their opinion, energy-efficient bulbs have yet to prove their efficiency in Russia and consumers should have a choice.
"We are receiving a lot of letters complaining that energy-efficient light bulbs emit unstable, flickering light, and that can lead to eye disease," Grachev, who chairs the State Duma energy committee, told RBTH. He said that "energy-efficient light bulbs provoke voltage drops and cause crashes in the power grid." The Duma is scheduled to vote on this initiative in November 2014.
Are Russians ready to part with their "Lenin Lamps"?
To this day, incandescent light bulbs are referred to as "Ilyich lamps" in Russia in honor of revolutionary leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, who drove the Soviet Union's campaign to electrify the country. Russians are in no hurry to part with these light bulbs for several reasons.
Konstantin Bogachev, a senior professor at the Faculty of Radioelectronics and Telecommunications at the Higher School of Economics, affirms that energy-efficient light bulbs cause disruptions in the energy grid. "The majority of energy-efficient light bulbs in Russia are illegally imported from China," Bogachev says.
"The Ilyich light bulb," in Bogachev's opinion, "emits a continuous linear spectrum, and the wavelengths of the light in it are identical, which is good for vision." Bogachev believes that LED lights are the safest of the energy-efficient light bulbs.
Design Manager at the Skolkovo Foundation's energy-efficient technology cluster, Pavel Morozov, agrees that energy-efficient light bulbs help conserve electricity. However, he thinks the effect is only palpable if these light bulbs are produced on a large scale.
The majority of experts do not think the use of energy-efficient light bulbs is a major problem in Russia. "It's important to solve problems like obsolete electricity transmission infrastructure and the setting of appropriate tariff rates," says Irina Mironova, a research engineer at the Institute of Energy Research at the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Victor Kolesnik, director of the Institute of Economics of Energy and Utilities at the Higher School of Economics, thinks it is important to take regional specifics into account when introducing energy-efficient light bulbs.


text:
Wildfires, insects, floods: 10 recent climate change-linked disasters
Oct 12, 2021 | Source: dailysabah.com
Fires burn during a wildfire near the village of Schinos, near Corinth, Greece, May 19, 2021. (AP Photo)
Over the past few years, hundreds of people have died in climate change-related natural disasters all over the world and experts say it will only keep getting worse if measures are not taken.
From summer of fire and record floods to freak frosts and locust invasions, experts say man-made climate change is wreaking havoc on the world's weather.
Here are some of the most devastating climate-fueled disasters from the past two years:
Mediterranean on fire
Greece's worst heatwave in decades fueled deadly wildfires that burned nearly 100,000 hectares (250,000 acres) this year in what the prime minister called the country's "greatest ecological disaster in decades."
The summer blazes killed about 80 people in Algeria and Turkey, while Italy and Spain were also ravaged by uncontrollble fires.
Scientists say the Mediterranean rim is a climate change "hot spot" with the worse to come.
A man runs as a forest fire devastates Sirtkoy village, near Manavgat, Antalya, Turkey, Aug. 1, 2021. (AP Photo)
Canada 'heat dome'
In late June, a hot air "heat dome" caused sustained, scorching temperatures across much of western Canada and the northwestern U.S.
On June 30, Residents in the British Columbia city of Lytton saw the thermometer rise to 49.6 degrees Celsius (121 degrees Fahrenheit), a national record. Days later, the town was largely destroyed by a wildfire.
The extreme heat was "virtually impossible" without human-caused climate change, the World Weather Attribution (WWA) science consortium said.
Ty Lewis, 8, right, and Ryan Chase, 7, cool off in the fountains at Dundas Square, as a heatwave strikes Toronto, Canada, July 8, 2010. (AP Photo)
European towns washed away
Germany's worst flooding in living memory killed 165 people in July after heavy rainfall battered the country along with Switzerland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria and Belgium, where another 31 people died.
The WWA said a warming climate increased the likelihood of the extreme two-day rainfall behind the floods by about 20%.
For every degree that Earth warms, the atmosphere can hold about 7% more moisture, scientists say.
People check for victims in flooded cars on a road in Erftstadt, Germany, following heavy rainfall that broke the banks of the Erft river, causing massive damage, July 17, 2021. (AP Photo)
Drowning on the subway in China
July floods in China killed more than 300 people when the central city of Zhengzhou was deluged by a year's worth of rain in just three days, trapping people, even some of them in road tunnels and subway systems as waters rose.
A woman moves a sandbag along a flooded road in the aftermath of the heaviest recorded rainfall in Zhengzhou, Henan province, central China, July 24, 2021. (AP Photo)
Fleeing flooding in Australia
In March 2021, torrential downpours lashed Australia's east, forcing thousands to flee the worst flooding in decades – only one year after the region suffered extreme drought and bushfires.
Days of relentless rainfall caused rivers in Australia's most populous state to their highest levels in three decades.
Scientists have warned Australia can expect more frequent and more extreme weather events as a result of climate change.
A woman looks at debris caught on a submerged bridge in Windsor, northwest of Sydney, Australia, March 25, 2021. (AP Photo)
Devastating frosts in France
This Spring saw a late frost ravage French vineyards when plummeting temperatures wiped out nearly a third of the country's grape harvests, causing up to 2 billion euros ($2.3 billion) in damages.
The WWA's analysis said climate change made the historic cold snap – which devastated most of France's wine regions – about 70% more likely.
Hurricane Ida's path of destruction
In late August, Hurricane Ida cut a swathe of death and destruction from Louisiana all the way across the northeastern U.S., leaving more than 100 dead and causing around $100 billion in damage.
Four of the six costliest hurricanes to hit the U.S., including Ida, have all occurred within the last five years, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
A man looks at a partially collapsed building in the aftermath of Hurricane Ida, Sept. 4, 2021, in Houma, Lousiana, U.S. (AP Photo)
East Africa locust invasion ...
Experts blame climate-induced extreme weather – including extreme rainfall – for hatching billions of locusts that swarmed East Africa in January of 2020, threatening the region with a food crisis.
Already prey to successive drought and deadly floods, dense clouds of the insects spread from Ethiopia and Somalia into Kenya.
Locusts swarm on a tree south of Lodwar town in Turkana county, northern Kenya, June 23, 2020. (AP Photo/Boris Polo)
... preceded by deadly floods
Violent downpours in October 2019 displaced tens of thousands in Somalia, submerged whole towns in South Sudan and killed dozens in flash floods and landslides in Kenya, Ethiopia and Tanzania.
A powerful climate phenomenon in the Indian Ocean, stronger than any seen in years, unleashed destructive rains and flooding across East Africa.
Worse in 500-year drought deepens
The American west continues to plunge deeper into the most severe "mega-drought" to hit the region in at least 500 years.
Made worse by global warming, the dry spell could continue for decades, according to a study in the journal, Science.
Climate Scientists Meet As Floods, Fires, Droughts And Heat Waves Batter Countries
The West is burning. Climate change is making it worse.
'Adapt or Die,' U.K. Environment Agency Warns on Climate Change


Explore, Learn, Have Fun!: FREE Small Premium Roast Coffee at McDonald's this week!
FREE Small Premium Roast Coffee at McDonald's this week!
ATLANTA, GA. (Sept. 17, 2012) – Next week, participating McDonald's restaurants in Atlanta will say "Thank You" to consumers and celebrate National Coffee Day by offering FREE small Premium Roast McCafé Coffee the week of Sept. 23-29.
Coffee isn't just for breakfast anymore, according to recent findings by the National Coffee Association. Daily coffee consumption soared by seven percentage points in 2011, moving coffee solidly ahead of soft drinks, according to the 2012 National Coffee Drinking Trends report.
Atlanta area consumers can pair their free Premium Roast McCafe Coffee with 2 for $3 Egg McMuffins or Fruit & Maple Oatmeal for $1.99.
A week of Free Premium small Coffee at McDonald's is happening at participating restaurants across the Eastern United States – from Maine to Miami. Consumers can enjoy a free small Premium Roast Coffee, made with 100% Arabica Beans at any Atlanta area McDonald's restaurant.


Our Cotton blanket is made from super soft jersey fabric which can also be used for swaddling. Double layered and machine washable, it features a print to front and solid colour fabric to back. The edges are finished with a secure overlock stitch.
Add a personal touch with an embroidered name or initials. Embroideries will be added to the black side of the blanket.
Please check the "Personalised Embroidery" box and add a name to the "Name" box.


Due to the ongoing mobilisation of a major project, an award-winning Main Contractor is seeking to attract a Sub Agent to their organisation.
This role has come from a result of project demands and will find you supporting the delivery of Structures and wider civil engineering scope on a nationally significant infrastructure project in the Transportation environment. This major programme will provide you with certainty of work and a fixed location for the next few years.
Our client is recognised by the industry as an exceptional employer and they have the silverware to prove it. Offering the best of both worlds in terms of family feel culture, backed up with the financial clout of a major player.
They will be fully invested in your development and would expect you to enjoy several promotions whilst working on this project.
-Work closely with General Foreman to ensure adequate work preparation and resources availability.


Professor Ebrahim Karimi received his diploma in Mathematics and Physics from Eghbal Lahori (Saghez) in 1997. He fell in love with physics and mathematics as a high school student while attending several national physics conferences. He received a B. Sc. in Physics with emphasis in mathematics from Kerman University in 2001. He joined the mathematical physics group in IASBS for the graduate study and was ranked 18th among all incoming students. He later changed his research focus and graduated under the supervision of Prof. Arashmid Nahal "Laser Cooling and Trapping of Natural Atoms" in 2002 Prof. Yousuf SOBOUTI was his graduate advisor. During that time he also worked on Singular Optics with Prof. Mohammad Taghi Tavassoli and Prof. H. M. Khalesifard. In 2009, he received Ph.D. degree from the University of Naples "Federico II", under supervision of Prof. Lorenzo Marrucci and Prof. Enrico Santamato. He received the best Ph.D. thesis award for his thesis titled "Light orbital angular momentum and its application on the classical and quantum information". After his Ph.D., he worked as a postdoctoral fellow under Phorbitech FET project (led by Prof. Lorenzo Marrucci), and in Prof. Robert Boyd's Quantum Optics group. Prof Ebrahim Karimi is currently holding the Canada Research Chair in the field of Structured Light, and is the group leader of Structural Quantum Optics (SQO) at the University of Ottawa. He is also an adjunct professor at IASBS-Iran, a visiting professor at Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light at Erlangen-Germany, and is an Associate Editor of Optics Express (The Optical Society-OSA) and New Journal of Physics (IOPscience). Applications of structured quantum waves (massive and massless particles) in modern science are the main subject of his research team.
With the advent of quantum computers, today's RSA secured information is at a high risk of being decrypted. Quantum cryptographic protocols, which are unconditionally secure by the laws of quantum mechanics, provide a promising method to maintain the security of information for the foreseeable future. On this front, there have been global efforts for the realization of quantum key distribution in real-world conditions – from commercially available fiber-based systems to satellite-to-ground quantum links. Our research team is working on creating new protocols, which can transmit many bits per carrier using structured photons, and testing them through our free-space links across the city of Ottawa. We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of using structured photons for quantum cryptography in a small 300m test link between two buildings on the University of Ottawa campus. We are currently constructing a 5.4km link between the University of Ottawa and National Research Council of Canada.
beam shapingIn the last decade, photonic spin-to-orbit coupling via the use of an inhomogeneous and anisotropic layer of nematic liquid crystals has been shown to be a compact and efficient method for beam shaping due to its simultaneous influence on a beam's phase and polarization profiles. Due to their enhanced performance, devices relying on optical pin-to-orbit coupling, such as q-plate, have found extensive applications in fields such as quantum information and microscopy. Our research team aims to take full advantage of this technique to design novel liquid crystal-based devices with the ability to generate a variety of optical beams, create custom singular optical structures, and act as intensity masks. We have demonstrated our ability to arbitrarily modify optical wavefront by generating a wide variety of beams such as vortex, high OAM, Ince-Gauss, Bessel, and Airy beams which have potential applications in quantum communications, super dense coding, and optical trapping.
oamdevicesOptical orbital angular momentum (OAM) associated with light beams possessing a helical phase-front finds various applications in numerous research areas such as imaging systems, optical tweezers, quantum information and quantum communication. Our research team is interested in design and fabrication of novel optical devices suitable for manipulation of optical OAM in the classical and quantum regime. We have invented, designed and characterized an achromatic orbital angular momentum generator that may find applications in imaging techniques from micro- to astronomical systems. We also invented one of the most ultra-thin spin-to-orbit angular momentum converter working under the principle of plasmonic resonances suitable for applications in quantum communications, quantum computations, and nanoscale sensing.
helixThe quantum mechanical principle of wave-particle duality is not limited to light and its constituent photons. Indeed, matter can also be made to exhibit wavelike behaviour, as dramatically demonstrated by numerous experiments in diffractive electron optics. Remarkably, the wavelike properties of matter suggest that the very same techniques used to structure beams of light can be applied to shaping matter waves. The SQO group is particularly interested in investigating the unique properties of structured electron waves. Apart from showing tremendous potential for a host of applications in electron microscopy and nano-fabrication, structured electron waves can allow us to observe otherwise inaccessible physical effects, putting a range of exciting and fundamental phenomena within our reach, to be studied as never before.


Whereas neoliberalism posited a market that was intrinsically ineffable and unknowable, each actor collaborating on the idea of optimum stupidity and blindness as to the whole, majestic logic of the market, now the market is understood, and shaped, through knowledge extraction. The additional financial transactions are mediated by computing, the extra flows of objects, goods, our our bodies and suppliers could also be tracked by sensors and chips, the more surveillance cameras and authorities and company information produce digital data, and the extra of each day experience is recorded and gathered as data (cf Google Street View), the more markets is likely to be professional-actively anticipated, produced and fashioned. Actuality itself is monopolised and commodified: turning into, in Polanyi's terms, a fictitious commodity.
Mission: To assist businesses broaden or relocate to more optimum, business-friendly, decrease-worth areas. 2. These unbiased media that serve the general public first reasonably than political or financial pursuits will acquire credibility by challenging the powers that be. That credibility may have economic price that shall be monetized by way of help from NGOs, foundations, customers, rich donors, and repair-oriented organizations. The Edelman Perception Barometer continued its annual abstract of what the world thinks of the government, media, NGOs and businesses, and this 12 months indicated a widening hole between the knowledgeable and uninformed public. Given the current spate of elections, it is our prediction that this belief gap will widen throughout the coming 12 months.
We are aware that a fraudster is presently phoning and emailing customers pretending to be from Bank of Ireland. Never give passwords, confidential information or bank account details out to anyone and watch out what information you share on social media. For those who get a suspicious call or electronic mail, contact [email protected] immediately. Keep in mind: Bank of Eire won't ever ask you to transfer money to another account.


Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Allison Okamura M.S. '96 Ph.D. '00 is the director of the Center for Design Research's Collaborative Haptics and Robotics in Medicine (CHARM) Lab. As robot-assisted surgery continues to grow in popularity, The Daily sat down with Okamura to discuss her work and its implementation.


Vehicle-makers' focus on research and development has intensified but will they lose out as mobility goes high-tech?
New refinery capacity may be sufficient to cover domestic petrol consumption within the next couple of years.
Moderating inflation has made space for lower interest rates, but subsidy reform could prevent further disinflation.
Officials remain adamant that any increase in imports will be temporary.
Iran's decision to raise petrol prices should help curb a costly subsidy programme but risks stoking public discontent.
Although some countries may meet their Kyoto targets, the latest IPCC report calls for more action on climate change.
A 25-day closure of Iran's Bandar Abbas refinery has led to petrol shortages.


Among the issues commonly disputed over estates is the compensation of the executor. Most states allow for "fair compensation," but Texas has a unique 5% in / 5% out rule. Read this informative blog post on the topic. If you are involved in estate administration and even perhaps a dispute over an estate under Texas law, reach out to us for an initial phone consultation. We are located in Dallas, but serve clients all over Texas – from Houston to San Antonio, Dallas to Austin and everywhere in between.
An estate executor or estate administrator is generally referred to as the "personal representative" of an estate. The Texas Estates Code provides that a personal representative is entitled to receive compensation for serving on behalf of the estate. Since acting as a personal representative is a challenging and time-consuming endeavor, and full of liability, it often makes sense for a personal representative to take compensation for the work he or she performs.
Although many states grant "reasonable" compensation to personal representatives, Texas observes the "five percent in, five percent out" rule. The Texas rules provide that the personal representative may receive compensation on all amounts the administrator actually receives or pays out in cash. The compensation cannot exceed five percent of the gross fair market value of the total estate property being administered. However, the personal representative is not entitled to receive commission for everything he receives or pays out. The personal representative generally cannot be compensated for cash that is held in a checking account, brokerage account, or other cash equivalent; proceeds of a life insurance policy (unless unusually complicated to obtain); or paying the heirs their inheritance funds.
There are certain complicated estate administrations where the typical five-percent rule is not sufficient for the level of work involved. If the personal representative's duties require her to manage a farm, factory, or business, for example, then the court can increase the personal representative's compensation. On the other hand, the court can deny compensation to a personal representative who has not cared appropriately for estate property or breached a duty owed to the estate beneficiaries or heirs.
Among the issues about which we are asked, the fair administration of estates is a common one. What is "fair compensation" for the executor of an estate? The issues surrounding compensation can create not only hard feelings but sometimes, unfortunately, litigation around estates. If you are concerned about estates up to an including litigation under Texas law, reach out to us for an initial phone consultation.
This entry was posted in Blog and tagged Dallas, Estate Attorneys on February 7, 2015 by B&R Marketing.


J.C. Penney is targeting tween girls with a new collection dedicated to a young girl who has 5.6 million Instagram followers.
The department store retailer has launched an exclusive line of girls' apparel and bedding inspired by Nickelodeon star and social media sensation JoJo Siwa. The line is currently available on the retailer's website and will debut in 600 Penney stores beginning March 2.
Penney added the young star's signature hair bows to its girls' assortment last fall and said it was "blown away" by the response.
The new collection is available in sizes four to 14. It consists of tops, dresses, jackets and bedding, and incorporates Siwa's love of positive messages, bright colors and sequins — and the color pink.
Siwa is the star of Nickelodeon's Lip Sync Battle Shorties, a singer, anti-bullying advocate and New York Times best-selling author. Her YouTube channel, It's JoJo Siwa, promotes self-confidence and positivity with 5.6 million subscribers She also has 6.6 million followers on Instagram and 15 million fans on Musical.ly.


text:
Corporate Welfare Watch: King-BIW deal resurfaces during tax-incentive scrutiny
Published on thePhoenix.com
Bath Iron Works staff subsidize their own jobs as a result of a 15-year-old deal now coming under criticism from a national watchdog group. In 1997, Bath Iron Works threatened to leave Maine in search of greener pastures. In exchange for staying — and agreeing to invest $200 million in its shipyard here — lawmakers and then-governor Angus King agreed to pay BIW as much as $60 million over the years between then and 2018.
The payment comes even more directly from state coffers than if Augusta sent BIW a check. The company deducts state income tax from workers' paychecks, but from July 1 to the end of each year, BIW pockets the money, rather than the usual practice of turning it over to the state treasury.
Six years before that deal ends, it has been pinpointed as one of the biggest such handouts by Good Jobs First, a national watchdog group studying economic-development incentives. A recent report says the BIW tax break is the 14th-largest nationwide case of workers subsidizing their own corporations.
BIW is the only recipient of the state's custom-made Shipbuilding Facility Tax Credit, which is capped at $3.5 million per company per year. Nearly 100 other Maine companies take advantage of similar deals, under Employment Tax Increment Financing arrangements, which this year are slated to let companies keep $7.1 million of their workers' tax withholdings.
Maine is one of 16 states that has such a program (and one of six that has two), projected to cost Mainers $10.2 million in tax revenue this year alone — cash that would ordinarily be sent to the treasury but instead is kept by companies.
Good Jobs First research director Philip Mattera admits that it's "kind of an abstract issue" his group is worried about in this study. In other studies, he observes, "We're critical of a lot of these subsidy programs in general. They often go to companies that don't need them." He calls the tax-withholding rebates "even worse" than other kinds of corporate welfare because it opens up the opportunity for even more, and larger subsidies; states get much more money from income-tax withholding than from corporate taxes, and so have more cash to hand out if they can tap that source before it ever arrives in the state treasury.
He says the structure of the tax break — requiring specific investment over a specific timetable, and expanding or contracting the annual amount of the rebate depending on actual employment levels — means it's better than it might be, but is still too closely linked to workers' earnings for his group to be comfortable.
Jay Wadleigh, vice-president of Local S6, the biggest union operating at BIW, says workers are well aware of the arrangement. "We lobbied with (the company) to get it," he recalls. "What (lawmakers) did helped the shipyard," promoting investment and saving jobs. He notes that BIW's chief competitor, Ingalls Shipbuilding in Mississippi, also gets state subsidies.
He observed that while Good Jobs Now criticizes the form of the tax break, Maine could have given BIW the same amount by collecting all the workers' taxes and then sending a check from Augusta, and workers wouldn't object then, either.
Todd Gabe, an economics professor at the University of Maine who studies economic development, says business leaders care less about taxes than politicians often think, and says studies of government-subsidy programs are "mixed" as far as effectiveness.
The BIW and ETIF credits are the only corporate handouts in Maine that are actually tied to employment numbers and salaries. State officials have for years given loan guarantees, tax rebates, and other financial incentives to companies without promises of new jobs or decent wages.
The biggest such program, the Business Equipment Tax Reimbursement plan, is designed to reward investment by refunding from state coffers money companies pay in local property taxes for their equipment and machinery. In 2011, BETR gave companies a total of $55,263,656. Eleven companies got more than $1 million each in refunds from the state; of those, only LL Bean ($1 million) is headquartered in Maine. Six are out-of-state, including the biggest winner, Verso Paper ($4.3 million), BIW ($3.2 million), and Walmart ($1 million). The remaining four are owned by companies in other countries, like Nestle Waters North America (owner of Poland Spring; $1.9 million).
And these are hardly the only handouts the state offers. There are dozens of tax breaks on the books in Maine, all detailed in Maine Revenue Services reports (issued every other year, most recently in 2011). Lance Tapley analyzed the first such report on these so-called "tax expenditures" for the Portland Phoenix in 2008 (see "Tax Break Heaven") and found that of the state's $3.4 billion in tax breaks that year (an amount almost exactly the size of the state's actual spending), companies got $682 million, and wealthy Mainers got $808 million. Poor people got $157 million in tax breaks, and the middle class saw about half the total tax-break benefit, or $1.7 billion.
Labels: thePhoenix.com
Seeing the future: Small cities poised to thrive
Corporate Welfare Watch: King-BIW deal resurfaces ...
Press Releases: More questions, some answers
Kids on film: Big top on the small screen


Most digital marketers will run into problems that threaten to derail the whole operation. We have identified those that cause poor returns from your digital marketing strategy efforts and have come up with solutions to overcome them.
But it won't be just your business that feels the fallout; your customers and audience will also feel the effects.
Here are 5 problems that are running your digital marketing strategy.
This is the first thing you should check. Before you start anything, you need to know that you're picking the right platform to create your websites as part of your digital marketing strategy.
You are going to be putting a lot of money into building up this website, not to mention all the time that comes with it. Once it's up and running, you won't be able to transfer it to another platform so getting right first time is crucial.
You'll know if you have picked the wrong platform from the number of plugins available that are useful to your business. Unfortunately, if plan to invest in a high number of plugin, you probably won't be able to use them on another platform.
There will also be problems with the time it takes for your pages to load, which if left untreated can discourage visitors from your site.
This leads to the solution.
Do your homework before jumping in. Each platform will have their own way of doing things and capabilities.
The signs can be just as obvious as choosing the incorrect platform. As you dive further into the detail, bad SEO will be harming your digital marketing strategy.
The most telling sign will be from your position in Google rankings. If you are putting a lot of effort into your SEO campaigns but still well away from the first few pages, it's likely something isn't quite right.
One example for this could be the poor choice in keywords. Businesses can unknowingly be ranking for a keyword that they either shouldn't be or unaware of in general. To overcome this, use a tool like Ahrefs and check what organic keywords are ranking your business. You can then start removing these keywords from content etc and replace them with the correct keywords.
Next is the quality of content on the website. Viewers can only turn into customers if they feel they are viewing content of value.You must also be posting great content to high quality websites for better SEO. Cheap link generation can be tough for businesses without high cashflow but we'll come onto solving small budget problems in a moment.
Finally, some businesses may have a few careless mistakes throughout their pages which could be turning viewers off, such as spelling and grammar mistakes or simple website design errors. Not good for your digital marketing strategy.
Solving these problems can be overcome with taking a little more care before publishing a page or piece of content. It may also be worth installing a plugin such as Yoast that informs you of any SEO problems beforehand.
Many digital marketing strategies fail because they are unable to compete with established competitors that have bigger budgets and more resources. This can be one of the more frustrating problems to face but there is a way to fight back.
The first thing you can do is start competing at the local level and register your brand in the local business directory. From here, you can should start promoting your business through influencers in the area.
Social media will play a large role here; if you can find people that are blogging about local events or subjects, get in contact and ask them to promote your brand. Try and develop this relationship and there will be added benefits, such as word of mouth referrals which are very powerful convincers.
Highlight your presence in the local area through Google Maps and social media. When used well, this can be a great method to increase the effectiveness of your digital marketing.
Content of value should be the primary focus of all social media posts. They should encourage the reader to click and read with engaging material.
However, if your social media accounts are sharing irrelevant, outdated or bad quality content, you will lose followers, which is bad for lead flow, no one will read and you'll have to rebuild your presence from scratch.
This problem can be solved, starting by only sharing your best and most up-to-date content to generate good feedback, more shares and higher viewership.
From here, you should look at the type of content that is proving popular with your audience and create new, similar pieces.
If you know you have older content that would work well, you must bring it up to current standards. This includes both how it looks and what it's talking about. There may also be broken links which must be fixed before sharing (ideally, this should be done regardless if the content is being shared or not).
You may also not be posting enough. Your social media accounts should be frequently putting out content to bring in more followers and keep the existing audience satisfied. The number of posts depends on your niche but if you're only posting once or twice a month, you're falling short.
The final problem that is ruining your marketing strategy is caused from not analysing data correctly. If you want your website to be a success, you must be making data-driven decisions.
You cannot do this though without collecting and using data. It's vital that you know how your customers behave so collect information about their habits and trends.
The term that is widely used in this field is analytics. Invest in an analytics program and learn how to use the data to make better business decisions. If you haven't got the budget, Google Analytics is free to use and sign up.
These were 5 of the main problems marketers face that may ruin an entire marketing campaign considering your digital marketing strategy.
The earlier you can identify these problems, the quicker and easier they can be to solve.
Tom Buckland is the Founder of an organic marketing agency based in the UK. Specialising in increasing revenues on Amazon & Google, he's the #1 ranked Amazon marketing consultant & the owner of KeyworX.
Next articleImmigration and Taxes: What to Know?


text:
Role Play: "Venus in Fur," at the QC Theatre Workshop through March 25
By Brent Tubbs
Thomas Alan Taylor and Jessica Taylor in Venus in Fur
Saturday night's performance of Venus in Fur at the QC Theatre Workshop was … steamy. Not only in terms of the material, but in the talent on-stage, as real-life married couple Thomas Alan Taylor and Jessica Taylor set the stage ablaze in a two-person show about a young actress who all but forces her way into an audition and proves, over the course of 100 minutes, to be far more then she claims to be.
Admittedly, I was excited and a little anxious going into this production, not really having any idea what it was about beyond what I got from the publicity photos … which were also steamy. Without giving too much away, the story starts as playwright/director Thomas Novachek is about to lock up his space after a long audition process for his new play Venus in Fur, a work based on a racy 1870 book of the same name. Before he's able to get out, though, Thomas is bombarded by the fast-talking, eccentric personality of Vanda Jordan, an aspiring actress just looking to catch a break. He obliges to hear her read for his play's female role, and surprisingly, Vanda is good. Really good. So good, in fact, that she already has the whole script memorized.
Continuing with the audition, Thomas joins Vanda in performing from the script, and what follows is a power struggle and roller-coaster ride through high and low statuses – and between two intertwined narratives – that left my brain spinning. Who is really running this audition? Who, really, is this inexplicable actress? Where do the characters from the script end and the characters playing them begin? No spoilers here. But I will tell you that by the production's finale, it seems as though author David Ives' 2010 script was ahead of its time, and Venus in Fur feels like a very relevant story given the growing headlines about inappropriate behavior by men in the entertainment industry.
Director Mike Schulz (a Reader employee), throughout the entire performance, masterfully choreographs the show's shifting dynamics and mysterious unknowns. Scenic designer Luke Hansen makes the intimate stage space look like a dingy, beat-up basement of a theatre complete with florescent lighting, which, when turned off and on, adds to the material's jarring feeling of being taken in and out of a script. With such a small space for the actors to move around in, Schulz made every piece of movement appear intentional and not contrived, and everything flowed naturally; I never caught myself wanting the actors to move more or less.
Pairing a real-life husband-and-wife team for this was, I'm sure, a calculated casting decision. And it paid off, as witnessing these two very talented actors and they weaved in and out of the Venus in Fur storylines was a joy. It's hard to specifically detail each of the Taylors' performances, as both actors were completely connected throughout the show – even, at times playing each other's characters from Thomas' play-within-the-play. Jessica displayed a great sense of quirkiness, as well as command and authority when her character becomes the show's more dominant figure, and the role highlights a range of accents as well, from New York to Russian. Her off-stage husband, meanwhile, shows impressive control with his great character arc as the playwright/director gradually loses more and more power over the situation, and his best moments are not rushed and very believable. When Thomas (the character) develops a longing for Vanda, Thomas (the actor) shows that longing with his entire body.
Don't let the tone of this review fool you, however, as Venus in Fur is actually a very funny show. Ives' writing is clever, witty, and quite hysterical, and there are quickly hilarious throwaway lines – as when Vanda spontaneously decides to change a character name to "Thomas" – that might catch you off guard if you're not paying attention.
Although I fear giving too much away, as so much of the play is built on mystery, Venus in Fur was a fun and intriguing show, especially having never seen it before. And the actors do a magnificent job of keeping the audience guessing until the very end. I guess you'll have to see it, too, just to see who ends up on top.
Venus in Fur runs at the QC Theatre Workshop (1730 Wilkes Avenue, Davenport) through March 25, and more information and tickets are available by calling (563)823-8893 or visiting QCTheatreWorkshop.org.
Theatre Calendars
Submit your event listings to calendar@rcreader.com


Two brothers who owned a nursing home have plead guilty to charges of medical assistance fraud, conspiracy, embezzlement, and neglect of patients. The brothers have admitted to using Medicaid funds for personal use, instead of spending them on nursing home care. As a result, they failed to provide their nursing home residents with food, medicine, bed linens, and sanitary conditions. They also stole $82,000 from the Patients Needs Accounts at three nursing homes. Read more here.


The EBARA Model DWU "Dominator" sewage pumps are designed for reliable pumping of wastewater with suspended solids up to 2″ in diameter. The EBARA Dominator is superior in dependability and efficiency. High-quality stainless steel components are stronger, dimensionally consistent and lighter weight compared to conventional cast iron parts. Stainless steel construction is ideal for residential, commercial and industrial applications. Double mechanical seals are a standard feature that ensure long life.
Models DW(A)(F)U, DWX(A)(F)U are CSA certified (3HP excluded).
BESCO products include several world class pumps, control systems, advanced pre-treatment technology, and our own engineered package plants and pump stations.
Sign Up for Information & Deals!


Air Quality Testing: We provide you with the finest mold and asbestos removal services. of mold and asbestos is quite an irksome issue and we provide the appropriate solution for thorough elimination of this issue.
It is difficult to neglect a mold and asbestos problem at your property. On time treatment of this matter is necessary to avoid it from getting worse and beyond control. The mold and asbestos spores quickly scatter throughout your house. As a result , they might aggravate existing respiratory issues for instance asthma. Also , children as well as other people that have poor immune system suffer additional health concerns because of exposure to mold and asbestos. Even though the health problems get aggravated , but also the house worth and its general beauty gets reduced due to this issue.
Air Quality Testing: In order to evaluate the seriousness of the mold and asbestos problem , your property is extensively scrutinized by a mold and asbestos eradication for remediation service. Our staff comes to examine your home for free and the trouble is determined immediately. After the identification of the matter , the home owner would be handed out a rough estimate. Quickly , the mold and asbestos eradication , also called as a remediation process , will begin.
The mold and asbestos removal service that we provide confirm that not just existing conditions are solved , but that it does not return back again.
• Help you identify the kind of mold and asbestos plaguing the house. When the category is assessed , removal of mold and asbestos turns out to be a lot quicker and simpler.
• Identifying where and the way mold and asbestos problem commenced. If the cause is detected and the origin is removed , the mold and asbestos issue can be resolved totally.
• Strategy creation for effectively and properly eradicating the mold and asbestos problem. A well structured treatment solution makes sure that mold and asbestos issue will not actually come back.
• Follow-up methods to make certain that the mold and asbestos will not come back. Live peacefully forever in a home free of mold and asbestos.
• We give confirmed service. We care about your invested money ; consequently , we offer the right value .
• Post remediation tests to ensure efficient and optimum air quality.
• Mold and asbestos problem resolved by licensed specialists with numerous years of practical experience.
Having more than 21 years of practical experience in this field , we offer unmatched solutions in your area.
We have a highly equipped team of experts that have numerous years of expertise in this market. Our team of professionals possess the correct combination of abilities and know-how to eliminate mold and asbestos from your home extensively and efficiently . We are pleased to assist several households in your area to handle the difficulty. As a result of our many years of practical experience that has enabled to eradicate the most stubborn mold and asbestos trouble.


Discussion in 'The East Anglian Crew' started by pete59, Jan 5, 2013.
Has anyone booked there hotel for Silverstone ?We have booked Northampton,i hope its the right one,this seems to be closest for most of us.
What's all the rush about its only January!
You're an eager Beaver, Pete, don't worry, we have booked the time off work and will in good time be booking Silverstone and the Northampton Hotel.
have just booked silverston for the saturday, will book friday & saturday nights in hotel but not sure which one yet ?
Too far off to worry yet.
Have booked our tickets for the Saturday at Silverstone and booked in for the Friday and Saturday nights at the Holiday Inn Express at Northampton.
We have booked Northampton,i hope its the right one,this seems to be closest for most of us.
Pete and Ann - looking forward to seeing you there in the bar for a swift half (or three)!
ummm, there seems to be a couple of Holiday Inn Express's in Northampton, which one have you all booked in at?
Ive just checked the availability of the Holiday Inn Express and they want £250 for 2 nights...... I'm not paying that price, so we will be travelling to Silverstone on the Sat and then driving home after. We only live 1 1/2 hrs away.
We're in the Holiday Inn Express at M1 Jct 15 (Loake Close, Grange Park, Northampton). If you use the special link via myredzed's first post, you should get the special 'BMW' rate, organised for us by Duncan, of £67 per night (with free breakfast). I booked by 'phone (as my internet was playing up) and quoted the special BMW arrangement and got the discounted rate for the two nights no probs.
Hi Richard, have a look at the Silverstone hotel thread, there is a link to the hotel from there, its £67 per night. Look for the here button. Hotel website is linked automatically in the criteria.
Ok, hotel booked, just the tickets to get.


text:
Psyrana celebica är en insektsart som först beskrevs av Heinrich Hugo Karny 1931.  Psyrana celebica ingår i släktet Psyrana och familjen vårtbitare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Vårtbitare
celebica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Clear to partly cloudy. Low 23F. Winds light and variable..
New member appointed to Arlington Electoral Board
by SCOTT McCAFFREY, Sun Gazette Newspapers
Kim Phillip, a civic and political activist with roots in the Arlington County Democratic Committee and 8th District Democratic Committee, on Jan. 1 becomes the newest member of the Arlington Electoral Board.
Phillip was appointed by Circuit Court Chief Judge William Newman Jr. to succeed Charlene Bickford, who has served two lengthy stints totaling 24 years and currently chairs the three-member body.
Phillip will join Democrat Matt Weinstein and Republican Scott McGeary on the panel. Her term, like all those of local Electoral Board members in Virginia, runs for three years.
Under state law, political parties submit a slate of prospective appointees to the Circuit Court, whose members either make the appointment collectively or delegate the decision to the chief judge. Phillip was among the nominees submitted by Arlington County Democratic Committee chairman Jill Caiazzo.
State law gives the political party that controls the Governor's Mansion two seats on each three-member Electoral Board, with the out-of-power party receiving the third. Had a Republican been occupying the governorship today, Bickford would have been succeeded by a nominee of the Arlington County Republican Committee.
In earlier years, appointments had begun in March; a change in state law switched that to Jan. 1 effective in 2021.
Bickford, a retired college educator/administrator and former chair of the Arlington County Democratic Committee, served on the Electoral Board from 1987-94, when she was bumped by Republican McGeary, then was reappointed in 2003 (bumping McGeary) and has served the past 17 years without interruption.
Her 24 years in office is among the longest in recorded Arlington Electoral Board history, although her tenure was exceeded by Maynard Carlisle (who served for at least 30 years before 1968) and Allen Harrison Jr. (who served from 1987-2016).
State law requires the two positions with the most responsibility on the body – chairman and secretary – to be occupied by members of different parties. Unless Phillip and Weinstein opt to elevate McGeary (a former Arlington County Republican Committee chair) to the chairmanship, the lineup probably will be Weinstein as chairman, McGeary as secretary and Phillip as vice chairman.
(Though Electoral Board members are not getting rich in their posts, the secretary – who has more statutory responsibilities than the other two positions – gets paid about twice what the chair and vice chair do.)
An organizational meeting is expected to be held in January to conduct a leadership election.
CJE Dec 28, 2020 4:34pm
There is no mention of political parties in the U.S. Constitution. Independents ran in Arlington this year for several elected offices. Independents ran for Arlington Board of Supervisors the past several years with no other candidate on the ballot but a Democrat. An Independent should have replaced Bickford on the Electoral Board.
Vogue Williams' mom guilt
Jonathan Cheban recovering from coronavirus
Ben Affleck and Ana de Armas are still friends


Real Madrid pulled off the "remontada" when they needed it and emerged past Wolfsburg, despite the 2-0 away defeat in Germany.
Cristiano Ronaldo was the star of the show, scoring two early goals to level the tie.
Ronaldo then won the tie with a poorly defended free-kick to send Real Madrid into the semi-finals.
As can be seen on the graphic below, after the video, Ronaldo is crushing the Champions League this season.
Watch official highlights of Real Madrid 3 – Wolfsburg 0 on the video below.


During the sixth season, the events seem more exciting and enjoyable through more scenes, as Jessica tells her new novel about a frustrating private eye and his girlfriend unintentionally murders by trying to get the will of his relative. On the other hand, the woman of Cabot Cove was found dead and Jessica must prove innocence or the mother of a young boy accused of crime.
ACTORS OF "Murder, She Wrote - Season 6"
GALLERY OF "Murder, She Wrote - Season 6"


text:
This corporate campus is now a mini smart city
In San Diego, the telecom giant Qualcomm has turned its sprawling campus into a showcase of the smart city of the future.
[Photo: courtesy Qualcomm]
By Nate Berg 3 minute Read
With 36 buildings, 25,000 employees, and hundreds of acres of land, the San Diego campus of telecommunications giant Qualcomm is almost a city in itself. That made it the perfect testing ground for a suite of new technologies aimed at making spaces and cities smarter. Over the past year, the company has been rolling out new technologies to its buildings, infrastructure, transportation, and security systems that offer a glimpse of how a tech-enabled smart city could operate.
The campus now has a range of systems in place that use sensors and analytics to optimize everything from energy use to parking. There are camera systems that use artificial intelligence to improve campus and building access and enhance security, systems that tap into sensors in HVAC systems to manage energy consumption, light poles that double as internet hot spots, and algorithms that deploy the company shuttle system based on real-time demand.
The campus has been turned into a real life test case for how these technologies could function in a larger urban setting, with the understanding that Qualcomm's main business—microchips and telecommunications devices—isn't the most intuitive product for many city officials to fully understand. "I cannot go to a mayor and say, 'Here's my new chip, it's going to help your smart city.' They're going to say, 'Well, wait a minute, how? What am I going to do with a chip?'" says Sanjeet Pandit, global head of smart cities at Qualcomm Technologies. "That's what inspired us to take this on."
The smart city these efforts are aiming toward could be a highly optimized urban ecosystem, with sensors funneling real-time information on city functions and how people move around to a central control system that can autonomously adjust things such as traffic signals, stormwater systems, electricity rates, and emergency alerts. This is the ideal version of the concept, but it could also lead to a privacy nightmare, equipped with unchecked surveillance systems that exert an opaque control over everything from internet access to algorithmic patterns of police enforcement. Neither the ideal nor the dystopian smart city is quite here yet. Qualcomm's effort shows how some smart-city capabilities may begin to be rolled out.
The campus has been outfitted with more than 20 different systems developed through Qualcomm's Smart Cities Accelerator Program, which connects cities with affiliated technology providers that can offer individual solutions depending on its needs. The technologies implemented on the campus include trash cans that can notify janitorial staff when they need to be emptied, security gates that use automated license-plate readers to open for employees, and parking garages with AI cameras that help drivers go directly to empty parking spaces without wasting time and gas.
"This equipment is a little bit overkill for our campus," Pandit says, noting that on the scale of a few dozen buildings, even optimized energy usage and streamlined parking have only limited savings. Many of these tools are capable of handling a city-scale network of sensors and internet-of-things devices, which, when spread across a city with a population in the millions, can result in significant efficiency improvements and resources savings.
The technology also hasn't been fully pushed to its limits, as most of the company's workers haven't yet returned to the campus. For the essential staff that has returned, Pandit says some systems are already proving effective. For example, AI-enabled cameras that detect mask compliance and social distancing are being used to notify security personnel when people are not being compliant.
But while a corporate campus may be easily managed with one overarching system, cities are significantly more complex. The implementation of these kinds of technologies will likely be piecemeal, and with only incremental signs of movement toward the idealized version of an interconnected smart city.
The technologies are beginning to roll out, though. Pandit says Qualcomm is in talks with several U.S. cities about adopting some of these new capabilities. The systems cities are most interested in are more specialized and disparate, including fleet-management technology to better track when city-owned vehicles need preventative maintenance, smart lights that serve as internet hot spots in low-income neighborhoods, and systems to better understand when trash receptacles are full.
On their own, these technologies are a far cry from the city of the future and only begin to show how sensors and systems can make urban operations more efficient. But Pandit says they are the first steps toward building out a more complex set of solutions to meet the needs of the space, whether it's a few corporate buildings or an entire city.


How do you beat level 5c on Epsilon?
What temperature is equal to 5c?
C: 278.15K When you are finding the value of temperatureCelsius in Kelvin, add 273.15k to the Celsius temperature to obtainthe value of Kelvin. It is also 41 F.
What is a Washington 5c worth?
George Washington's portrait never appeared on a circulating nickel. Please check again and post a new question.
How much do 5c weigh?
A US five cent piece weighs 5.00 grams, has a composition of 0.750 copper & 0.250 nickel and a diameter: 21.2 mm.
What is the animal on the 5c coin?
What is the function of a 5C Collet?
A collet is used for clamping purposes. It forms a collar around an object, and clamps down on it as it is tightened. A 5C collet has external threads used for lathes.
When is iPhone 5c coming out?
Apple started accepting pre-orders for the iPhone 5C on 13 September 2013, and will be released in stores on 20 September 2013.


text:
Gas South, based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, is a natural gas provider that serves more than 425,000 residential, commercial and governmental customers in Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey and Ohio.

Company
Gas South began operations in 2006 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Cobb Electric Membership Corporation. Georgia's natural gas industry was partially deregulated in 1997 with the passing of the Natural Gas Competition and Deregulation Act, giving commercial and residential customers in many parts of the state a range of options. Under deregulation, the local distribution company, Atlanta Gas Light Company (AGLC), elected to no longer serve as a retail gas supplier and instead solely maintain and operate the distribution system. AGL is responsible for ensuring gas delivery, managing storage assets and transportation services on behalf of natural gas marketers. In turn, natural gas marketers sell gas directly to retail customers on a competitive basis.

Gas South is a provider of natural gas in the southeastern U.S. Following the acquisition of Infinite Energy in December 2020, Gas South now serves more than 425,000 residential, business and governmental customers in Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Ohio and New Jersey.

Gas South is led by President and Chief Executive Officer Kevin Greiner, Chief Operating Officer Manon Brochu, Chief Financial Officer Jamie Tiernan, Chief Supply and Risk Officer Freddy Cardozo, Chief Legal and People Officer Stacy Paez and Chief Sales and Marketing Officer David Malone.

References

Natural gas companies of the United States
Energy infrastructure in Georgia (U.S. state)
Companies based in Atlanta
Energy companies established in 2006
Non-renewable resource companies established in 2006
2006 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)


The importance of poultry for the national economy cannot be overemphasized, as it has become a popular industry for small farmers who make a great contribution to the country's economy. The profession has assumed a greater importance in the improvement of employment opportunities and the production of animal feed. The same can be said of fishing because many young graduates earn thousands and even millions in the business. In general, it is believed that the establishment of a fish farm requires a lot of capital, but it depends on the scale of the fish farm that an individual wants to establish. It is not necessary to build a complete fish farm. Just do it with the resources available to you; start on a very small scale and grow over time Do not let dirty to keep you behind; the money really comes deserve dirty hands!
liquid and bar, detergents and bleach are essential products in every household and, therefore, people will pay well if their products are very good. Just get the necessary training and you're on your way. Some of these skills are taught for free or at heavily subsidized costs during the school day and also during the National Youth Service. Do not say you have not learned it well. Add to the amateur skills you have while doing online research.
Catering Business is an aspect of event planning, but it still involves many companies. It usually has to do with cooking and providing food in specific places. When I say cook, I think you know that the bakery is also included. Everything depends on what you decide to do or what your clients require. As a young unemployed graduate who does not have all the money, he may not be able to enter the restaurant industry in all its ramifications. It should start with a particular aspect that has more interest and skills.
You can start a small catering business right there in your home with your kitchen gadgets and very little or no money. Yes, you do not even need an office; You can even start this business using your customer's advance payment and rent all the equipment you need. Interestingly, there are no barriers to entry, such as registration or other forms of documentation. So, what are you waiting for, once you have the interest, you have already done it? Who knows, if you work hard, you may even end up owning a hospitality school.
You may have ideas and skills in photography or video coverage. Do not let it go, no matter what your skills are. With what little you have, you can buy a moderate camera and start covering weddings, birthdays, funerals and other events in your area. As you progress, you can acquire more skills and also buy more equipment that will take your business to the next level. Photo/video coverage is really great for young graduates because it sets its price according to the kind of event it covers. You can raise real money by covering a high-class event run by very wealthy people who could charge double the normal price. All you need to do is make sure you give them what they want. Many graduates have tried it and this has really been worth it.
If you are a creative person and also have decorating skills, you can continue and start a business in this line. Start joining decorating teams to manage events as a volunteer, so you can develop your skills. After a while, try to take your own contract. You can rent equipment and equipment and buy yours little by little afterward. Attract and retain your customers by charging little at first. Find a way to present your work and find clients. You can do it through common social networks like Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp, etc. Also, try to get close to people and offer to be called each time you need these services.
at home, If you know how to make good haircuts, then nothing prevents you from starting this home-based business. People hate to line up in the salons and with an extra touch of professionalism; They will prefer to go home to get their hair cut. Build a good working relationship and you'll be on your way. They will pay you even more than they pay in the classroom because it is a special gift. Now imagine that you only have 30 people to cut your hair and we all know that people cut their hair every week or at least once every two weeks. He's really going to make money and, if he cares, he could set up an elegant barbershop for stationery.
Make-up has become impartial part of our society today, and with the passage of time, people want a unique finish that is usually provided by professionals. This has made it one of the fastest growing industries in the world today and a truly lucrative five-star business. Learning skills is not difficult and it also takes a short time. Train and the possibilities are unlimited. At one point, if you are very good, you can never have a weekend for yourself and each job can pay up to 1000 $ or even 2000$ depending on your reputation and your clients.
You may consider establishing an extramural course center to prepare students for external exams. This may require some money to start, especially for the rent of the place, but not too much. You can use the part-time teacher services that you will pay every hour. On the other hand, you can also participate in private classes for students in their individual homes while looking for a job. In well-developed cities, this can be a very well-paid business, so you no longer have the need or the time to find a regular job.
The wealthy parents who value education always offer their children private tutors in basic subjects. As a recent graduate, you can research these students and make arrangements to manage them in the areas where you are well. Also, private classes do not have to be about school subjects. If you have a skill that can be taught, you can find out who is interested and then take training sessions for a fee.
In this type of market one or more affiliates for every visitor or customer bringing their own marketing and is a type of competitive-based marketing. This is one of the cozy ways to earn money online. There are tons of companies and webmasters that use affiliate programs to increase their online sales, and most are free to join. When you register for request of the affiliate program, you will be assigned an affiliate link with a unique affiliate ID. The affiliate link is used to market your merchant's products. When a visitor purchases an item through his affiliate link, he earns the affiliate commission. Starting an affiliate marketing business is a great way to earn extra money! Discover which products are the most popular and what is their conversion rate. Visit the seller's website to see if your sales letters are enough to generate sales.
Are you thinking to start your own profitable small business and are completely at sea as to which option to choose, then you should think once of doing a printing business and selling recharge cards. Printing and selling recharge cards are recession-proof activities. This means that it is a daily necessity and is always in great demand; regardless of the state of the economy. The average user buys recharge cards every week and telephone communication has become a daily necessity. That's why printing and selling recharge cards are one of the most profitable activities recommended to a person with very little capital. The initial capital required is minimal, you do not need formal qualifications to start. You just need to attend some training courses on how to print the cards, make necessary contacts and links to how to buy and sell, and you can start earning in days or weeks.
Now it's one of the lucrative businesses that many people are already exploiting. The main equipment you need is a popcorn machine that can even move to event locations. When it is well packaged, it has a very high market potential because the sales of popcorn, especially in traffic, are very lucrative. Some people sell up to 5,000 packages of popcorn per day.
Buying and selling is generally a good business for young graduates. Some great entrepreneurs started like this. Find out where and when you can get certain items at lower prices, take them to where you can sell them at higher rates and get reasonable profits. Although this type of business can really be charged and requires energy and travel, it pays well and there are usually prospects to establish something worthwhile. However, be sure to limit yourself to the goods and services that you can administer.
As a college graduate, you're likely to be particularly good at one or two subjects. You will earn a lot of money by offering to teach other people who have problems with these subjects, especially if they are very important subjects that students must pass before obtaining a promotion or a diploma.To start a tutoring business, a prerequisite you must possess is passion. You must love the teaching because if you do not, you will see tutoring as a stressful and difficult task. Now, why should I start a tutoring business and who should start a tutoring business?
If you have good communication skills, you can meet with the recruiters and employers of the campus career center to find out what they are looking for in the candidates. Then you can become a career coach and counselor by simply revealing these secrets to the students.
If you are a good athlete and athlete, consider creating a personal athletic training service to teach students interested in becoming competent athletes like you. You can use an on-campus facility or a gym outside the local campus. Increasingly, people become more aware of the multiple health benefits of staying in shape, but most people simply do not. Some do not have time while traveling to the gym seems tedious for many others. As they provide a convenient way for individuals, personal training services are experiencing a booming demand, to receive individual physical training under the supervision of fitness experts.
Most college graduates love to party. Therefore, you can get a decent income if you know how to promote parties and get the best deejays and party events. You can also organize shows with singers and famous artists. Now, for those who do not know, party planning is just one branch of event planning.
The procedures and protocols are exactly the same as the planning of the wedding. The only difference is that wedding planning is more inclined to fashion than party planning. Currently, the profit margin for a party planning contractor falls between 30-50 percent.
If your mother mater admits other graduate countries that have never lived in the country for a long time, you can start a reception service for international graduates. These students feel that the campus environment is overwhelming and it can be difficult for them to integrate into the new system.If you are compassionate and like to meet new people, you can establish a welcome or familiarization program for international graduates. You can collaborate with the Graduate Business Office at your school or manage your business independently.
If you have a talent for creative design and you are very good at that, you can start a graphic design business. You can offer your services to those who wish to embellish your research and reports, as well as your presentations. By designing banners for events and occasions in your area, you can also earn additional income and design the creation of birthdays and holidays.
If you are very good with words, then you can start an independent writing service. This would imply writing tasks for clients, not students because it is not ethical or ethical in practically all schools and universities.You can connect with customers on the Internet by registering an account at independent outsourcing sites. Yes! Now you can get a full-time income by working part-time as a writer on the Internet. Those days are gone when writers are paid peanuts.
Over the years, the world has become more factual and hectic. As a result, dog owners who have already looked after their pets as carefully as possible have found themselves spending more time at their desks than on the sidewalks that walk their dogs. Fortunately for them, creative entrepreneurs have provided a solution and this solution is: "Canine walking services".
You can start doing your services as a professional hairdresser or hairdresser. Everyone likes to look good, and good hair care is one of those factors that improve overall appearance. So, you're going to make a lot of money with your neighbor when you start this business.
A hairdressing business is one of the subsectors of the fashion industry and the beauty care industry. Now it is a known fact that fashion is never static, it is an industry in constant change. When it comes to fashion or hair and beauty, the trend is the name of the game.
Working-class mothers still need nannies to take care of their children while they work or do business. You can take advantage of this opportunity by becoming a nanny and earning additional income to support him after graduation.Child care is simply the act of caring for the child or children of another person in the absence of parents or guardians. When you enter this law for a fee, it becomes a business; And this is where the concept of child care business was formed, caring for other people's children for a fee.
There are a number of events on campus that range from student nights to awards parties, registrations and calls. You can offer your services and help plan these events and receive payments for it. Although getting started can be difficult, you will have to be able to convince the sponsors that you can manage the work perfectly. You can offer to do the first jobs for free and start charging when you have shown that you are an excellent event planner.
As a graduate, you can also earn money by cleaning the homes or offices of others. Most people are often too busy cleaning their own homes or offices, so they simply outsource these services to others. You can take a few hours a day to study and get some cleaning jobs to help you get extra income. If the office was dirty because nobody has time to clean it, would not it be a way to get away from customers because no one likes to visit a dirty place? That's why you need a cleaner in almost all commercial establishments. Companies are always willing to outsource the cleaning of their offices to be able to do them professionally and the staff can concentrate on their work.
Our society has made fitness a necessity and many people are looking for ways to stay in shape every day. Few people have time to visit a gym and would be happy to pay for a personal fitness instructor to come home and train them. If you are a sports enthusiast, you can become a physical trainer and earn a decent income.


discount code reddit Clickfunnels August 2018 It is a very preferred– and also rather scary– fact that everybody in the business world has heard that "90% of the startups stop working". If you take a look at these stopped working companies which once began with much vigor and also enthusiasm, they hardly ever stop working due to the fact that the principle or the suggestion of the company itself was bad.
discount code reddit Clickfunnels August 2018There are many companies with excellent possible that fail as a result of the lack of knowledge the owners have concerning marketing or actually making a sale.
discount code reddit Clickfunnels August 2018 It is similar to a cars and truck sale without a salesman. There will be many visitors that come to see the autos, but without that included press, there will be no sales. A website without a sales channel is the same, which is why you require to buy Click Funnels so as to get the most number of sales feasible.
Click Funnels supply you with a pre-designed and well-curated sales funnel which will certainly take your site visitors via a persuading journey that will certainly make them acquire your item at the end. This last purpose can be different depending on the item that you sell or the service that you use. However, Click Funnels have developed a series of sales funnels that could lead you to attain your goals by taking your site visitors with a well assumed out sales funnels. Adhering to are a few of the objectives which can be satisfied by a sales funnels.
A sales channel positively influences the mind of your site visitors to make the decision to move forward with your goal. This is essentially giving that little push a salesman would give up a physical shop to finally make up the mindset to go on with an acquisition.
A web site is similar to a virtual shop, and the purpose of putting a big financial investment right into developing a site is to eventually help boost the income of your organisation. Many people, especially the startups and also the entrepreneurs that are new to the online business globe focus excessive on the looks of the design to think about whether it works sufficient to actually make a sale.
This is why you need to purchase Click Funnels. Adhering to are the 4 major things that a well picked as well as placed sales funnels do.
Bring in brand-new site visitors to the site is the initial as well as one of the most vital jobs that a sales channel does. This is the mouth of the channel. This phase is narrower and in the following step of the channel and also ought to be well kept given that they are most likely to make a purchase in the following couple of phases as long as you maintain them amazed.
Closing is the last stage of a channel where a lead ends up being a client. They proactively make the order and acquire your item, register for your newsletter or basically do exactly what you intended them to do by developing the funnel. Following level is customer retention or keeping them pleased with your product or the acquisition, so they end up being return customers.


FAIR OAK 49 ALL OUT - AND ALMOST WIN !
Eighteen wickets fell for less than 100 runs at Holbury – but neither Fawley captain Callum Earl nor Andy Mash, his Fair Oak opposite number, pointed a finger at the pitch !
"Just some very good bowling and some very poor batting all round," the two captains agreed after a bizarre British Gas Southern League Division 3 bottom of the table scrap.
Fair Oak were shot out for a club low 49 but came close to defending their meagre score as Fawley's batting similarly fell apart.
Adam Freeman (4-11) and spinner Wayne Smith (4-17) did the damage for Fawley, who looked as though they would stroll it when Matt Brown and Ernst Knacke eased their reply to 26 without loss.
Astonishingly, Fawley lost eight wickets for 18 runs before a relieved Alistair Bryers got them home.
Statistically, 18 wickets fell for an all-time low Premier League aggregate 99 runs, the match taking 48 overs to complete.