Well, thought it was about time you got a new fake Polaroid photo, so here you go. This one is from a small town in Texas called Barnhart, where I stopped for gas and some other supplies one evening.
Post process is Lightroom only, and I actually didn't do that much, I of course changed the colors to get the Polaroid look, but that's sort of it, no cropping or anything like that.
Big Red Barn – Polaroid Plate #11 by Bo47 is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


Tunisia is a sun worshippers dream, with sparkling white sand beaches, turquoise waters, and plenty of comfortable resorts next to the sea. However, outside the resort the vast Sahara desert, fascinating historical towns, and unique natural sights are waiting for intrepid travellers on Tunisia holidays. Tunisia is just a 2 to 3 hour flight from London, and there is no time difference except during daylight savings time when Tunisia is one hour behind the UK. The currency in Tunisia is the Tunisian dinar.
Tunisia is a great destination for Europeans looking for affordable package deals. The coastal regions in the north and the east of the country are especially popular with people of all ages. Visitors can stay on the island of Djerba and rent a bicycle to tour the quiet roads that make their way past beaches, colourful markets, and peaceful meadows. Sousse and Monastri are also popular with tourists for their stunning beaches, laid-back atmospheres, and historic architecture.
Travellers who want to get off the beaten path can head outside of the resort towns to see incredible natural beauty. Matmata is an interesting town in the south of Tunisia with homes and hotels carved out of the rocks and in caves. El Kef is a small mountainside town with many ancient fortresses and authentic North African culture. The large mesa of Jugurtha's Table is a short drive away from Ell Kef, and it makes for an interesting day trip for its bizarre rock formations. Douz is a great jumping off point for desert treks in the Sahara. Visitors can arrange camel rides, motorbike tours, or 4×4 trips from here.
Tunisia is generally very sunny and warm. Summers can be quite dry and hot, and winters are mild and wet. January and December are the wettest months. The south of Tunisia marks the beginning of the Saharan Desert, so it is very hot and arid. Average temperature in the north range between 32 degrees in the summer and 7 degrees in the winter.
Whether you are looking to book package Tunisia holidays or independent travel trips, FlySearch can help. Our easy to use search tool can help you find great deals on flights, hotels, and tours in Tunisia.


The dental professionals at Dr. Angelina Anisimova's practice are skilled, well-trained experts in dentistry. As a Ballwin Dentist, we concentrate on dentistry that focuses on both the science and art while staying patient centered.
Let the true you shine through! First impressions are powerful, and you want to make sure you are always putting your best foot - or smile - forward. With Dr. Angelina Anisimova's new aesthetic dental treatments, a room stopping smile is now obtainable! Her practice in Ballwin stops at nothing to deliver you the best service possible. Together let us create the smile of your dreams!
Crowns are a caps of sorts that are fitted on existing teeth or implants. When placed on one of your natural teeth, they serve to protect your natural teeth and perhaps correct your bite and appearance. A dentist may decide that a crown is the best option to secure a bridge or finish a dental implant. With years of experience, Dr. Angelina Anisimova can find the crown that is just right for you!
If you want to keep your teeth and gums healthy, every dentist will tell you that you need to maintain good personal oral hygiene practices daily. Dr. Angelina Anisimova is passionate about helping you prevent issues regarding your oral health before they start to develop. Preventative dentistry helps you avoid pain down the line and possible high costs due to necessary restorative procedures.
Since everyone has different needs, we take pride in knowing that our community of patients from Ballwin, Chesterfield, Grover, Valley Park, Glencoe, Saint Louis, Eureka, Fenton, High Ridge, Saint Charles and the surrounding areas will receive personalized and thorough care during their dental examinations, procedures, and professional dental cleanings. Dr. Angelina Anisimova has years of experience treating families from Ballwin, Chesterfield, Grover, Valley Park, Glencoe, Saint Louis, Eureka, Fenton, High Ridge, Saint Charles and the surrounding areas. We enjoy working as a team to deliver expert dentistry services. It's important to Dr. Angelina Anisimova to feel like a part of the community and that her dental practice is giving back. From her continuing education, Dr. Angelina Anisimova is well qualified to handle advanced technology to provide you with the best services available to dentists in Ballwin. We treat our patients using the most advanced state of the art technology to increase precision and reduce discomfort.
Ballwin dentist Dr. Angelina Anisimova has an accomplished team that is enthusiastic about providing you with expert dental work. We like to make sure our patients have a healthy foundation so they can maintain great oral hygiene. Our well-trained staff is dedicated to ensuring that our high standards are always met so every patient who walks in the door in need of a great dentist receives the same high level of comfort and ease during the visit. With years of experience, dentist Dr. Angelina Anisimova and her team know how to work productively and accurately, eliminating unneeded expenses due to ineptitude or inexperience. Dr. Angelina Anisimova loves being a part of the Ballwin community by providing top-tier dental services to patients all over Chesterfield, Grover, Valley Park, Glencoe, Saint Louis, Eureka, Fenton, High Ridge, Saint Charles and nearby areas. Let us show you what it's like to be taken care of by the best trained dental team in Ballwin, MO. Call (636) 227-2777 today to schedule your appointment!
"Everyone was very professional and friendly; and concerned about making sure the job was done right. They checked to be sure I was comfortable. Everyone is so welcoming and immediately puts you at ease. I also appreciated being fully informed about what was going on from my cleaning to my insurance."


text:
The 2021 IIHF World Championship Division III was scheduled to be an international ice hockey tournament run by the International Ice Hockey Federation.

The Group A tournament would have been held in Kockelscheuer, Luxembourg from 18 to 24 April and the Group B tournament in Cape Town, South Africa from 19 to 25 April 2021.

On 18 November 2020, both tournaments were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Group A tournament

Participants

Standings

Group B tournament

Participants

Standings

References

2020
Division III
2021 IIHF World Championship Division III
2021 IIHF World Championship Division III
Sports competitions in Cape Town
2021 in South African sport
April 2021 sports events in Europe
April 2021 sports events in South Africa
Ice hockey events cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Arja Pessa (8 de febrero de 1943 – 4 de marzo de 2015) fue una actriz y coreógrafa finlandesa.

Su nombre completo era Arja Eeva-Liisa Pessa, y nació en Helsinki, Finlandia.

Casada y después divorciada del actor Jussi Jurkka, la actriz falleció en su ciudad natal en el año 2015 a causa de un cáncer.

Filmografía (selección)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Memorias de Arja Pessa en Helsingin Sanomissa (24 de septiembre de 2015)

Coreógrafos de Finlandia
Actores de cine de Finlandia
Actores de televisión de Finlandia
Nacidos en Helsinki
Fallecidos por cáncer


text:
Sheep è un videogioco rompicapo sviluppato da Mind's Eye Productions e pubblicato nel 2000 da Empire Interactive per Windows, PlayStation e Game Boy Advance. La versione per Mac OS è stata distribuita da Feral Interactive. Il gioco è stato successivamente distribuito attraverso download digitale da PlayStation Store per PlayStation 3 e PSP.

Modalità di gioco
Sheep presenta qualche somiglianza con la celebre serie di videogiochi rompicapo Lemmings. Il giocatore può scegliere tra quattro pastori, gli umani Bo Peep e Adam Halfpint e i canini Motley e Shep. Il giocatore dovrà guidare greggi di pecore di quattro tipi (Factorial, Longwool, NeoGenetic e Pastoral) attraverso una serie di ostacoli per raggiungere la fine del livello. In realtà le pecore sono degli alieni, provenienti dal pianeta Ovis Aries, venuti in incognito per studiare il pianeta Terra. Purtroppo, col tempo si sono dimenticate la loro missione e sono diventate stupide, e lo scopo del gioco è farle tornare a casa sane e salve.

I livelli si suddividono in mondi diversi, dalla fattoria fino allo spazio per poi finire su un'isola, e ognuno di essi ha una propria serie di ostacoli con lo scopo di dimezzare il gregge. Il livello si conclude quando il giocatore porta in salvo il numero stabilito di pecore. Se si raccolgono tutti i trofei dorati a forma di pecora in un mondo, il giocatore attiva un gioco bonus.

Accoglienza

Sheep ha ricevuto giudizi misti. I siti GameRankings e Metacritic hanno assegnato alla versione per PlayStation un punteggio di 74,14% e 71/100 rispettivamente, alla versione PC 74,08% e 73/100 e alla versione Game Boy Advance 69,67% e 67/100.

Gli editori della rivista statunitense Computer Games Magazine nominano Sheep per il loro premio "Classic Game of the Year" del 2000.

Note

Collegamenti esterni


text:
In re Proving the Last Will and Testament of Bergdorf
In the Matter of Proving the Last Will and Testament of HERMAN BERGDORF, Deceased. GUARANTY TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, Petitioner, Appellant; WILLIAM JUNGHANS and GUSTAV ENGELKE, Executors, etc., of HERMAN BERGDORF, Deceased, Respondents.
APPEAL by the petitioner, the Guaranty Trust Company of New York, from an order of the Surrogate's Court of the county of New York, entered in said Surrogate's Court on the 26th day of April, 1911, denying the appellant's petition for
letters testamentary as one of the executors of the last will and testament of Herman Bergdorf, deceased.
Charles Howland Russell [Russel S. Coutant with him on the brief], for the appellant.
Herbert C. Brinckerhoff [John Patterson with him on the brief], for the respondents.
LAUGHLIN, J.:
The will was made on the 2d day of November, 1904, and by the 7th clause thereof the testator nominated and appointed as executors of the will and trustees of the trusts therein created, two individuals, one of whom he referred to as 'my friend,' and the Morton Trust Company, and after these designations the sentence ended as follows: 'all of the city of New York, in the State of New York, and the survivors and successors of them.' The Morton Trust Company was duly merged into the Guaranty Trust Company of New York, the appellant, pursuant to the provisions of sections 36 to 40, inclusive, of the Banking Law (Consol. Laws, chap. 2; Laws of 1909, chap. 10), on the 27th day of January, 1910, and the testator died on the 17th day of January, 1911. The will has been duly admitted to probate and letters testamentary have been issued to the individual executors and trustees. A petition for letters was duly presented by the appellant, claiming to be entitled thereto on the ground that it is the successor of the corporate executor and trustee named in the will, and the application was denied and it appealed. Section 36 of the Banking Law, which clearly and concededly authorized the merger of the Morton Trust Company into the appellant company, prescribes the method of merger, which is, in substance, that the board of directors enter into an agreement under seal, subject to the approval of the Superintendent of Banks, which may provide that the two or more corporations merged may continue to have the name of one of them. Section 37 provides for the submission of the merger agreement to the stockholders and for the proceedings at the meeting of the stockholders to vote thereon, and for the filing and preservation of the records thereof, and the vote of stockholders essential to a merger, and further provides
that if such vote be cast the merger shall become effective pursuant to the agreement. Section 39 declares the effect of the merger as follows: 'Upon the merger of any corporation in the manner herein provided all and singular the rights, franchises and interests of the said corporation so merged in and to every species of property, real, personal and mixed, and things in action thereunto belonging shall be deemed to be transferred to and vested in such corporation into which it has been merged, without any other deed or transfer, and said last named corporation shall hold and enjoy the same and all rights of property, franchises and interests in the same manner and to the same extent as if the said corporation so merged should have continued to retain the title and transact the business of such corporation; and the title and real estate acquired by the said corporation so merged shall not be deemed to revert by means of such merger or anything relating thereto.'
Section 40 declares the rights of creditors and others having relations with the merged corporations as follows: 'The rights of creditors of any corporation that shall be so merged shall not in any manner be impaired by any such merger, nor shall any liability or obligation for the payment of any money due or to become due, or any claim or demand, in any manner or for any cause existing against such corporation, or against any stockholder thereof, be in any manner released or impaired, and all the rights, obligations and relations of all the parties, creditors, depositors, trustees and beneficiaries of trusts shall remain unimpaired by the merger, but such corporation into which the other or others shall be merged shall succeed to all such relations, obligations, trusts and liabilities and be held liable to pay and discharge all such debts and liabilities, and to perform all such trusts of the merged corporation in the same manner as if such corporation into which the other shall become merged had itself incurred the obligation or liability or assumed the relation or trust, and the stockholders of the respective corporations so entering into such agreement shall continue subject to all the liabilities, claims and demands existing against them as such at or before such merger, and no suit, action or other proceeding then pending before any court or tribunal in which any
corporation that may be merged is a party shall be deemed to have abated or discontinued by reason of any such merger, but the same may be prosecuted to final judgment in the same manner as if the said corporation had not entered into the said agreement, or the said last named corporation may be substituted in the place of any corporation so merged as aforesaid, by order of the court in which such action, suit or proceeding may be pending.'
We agree with the contention of the learned counsel for the appellant that there is a marked difference under our statutes between the consolidation and the merger of two or more corporations, and that upon a consolidation a new corporation springs into existence and the prior corporations are dissolved and cease to exist (People ex rel. New York Phonograph Co. v. Rice, 57 Hun, 486; affd., 128 N.Y. 591; People v. New York, C. & S. L. R. R. Co., 129 id. 474; Business Corp. Law [Consol. Laws, chap. 4; Laws of 1909, chap. 12], § § 7-11; Railroad Law [Consol. Laws, chap. 49; Laws of 1910, chap. 481], § § 140-155. See, also, Railroad Co. v. Georgia, 98 U.S. 359), while under the statutes authorizing a merger of corporations, one is continued without the formation of a new corporation and the others are merged in it. (Railroad Co. v. Georgia, supra; Lee v. Atlantic Coast Line R. Co., 150 F. 775.) The Legislature must be presumed to have known these well-recognized distinctions, and, by omitting any reference to consolidation in the Banking Law and providing merely for a merger of banking corporations, it must have intended to preserve such distinctions. The corporation, therefore, the name of which is continued and into which the others are merged becomes the successor of the merged corporations, subject to the rights conferred and the obligations imposed by statute.
It is further contended by the learned counsel for the appellant that the history of these sections of the Banking Law and of amendments thereto is such as to indicate a legislative intent that the right which the merged corporation had to become one of the executors and trustees of the will was conferred upon and continued in the appellant company by virtue of the statutory provisions. ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Plague of the Zombies, The (Hammer 1966)
Which classic Phantom of the Opera is your favourite?
Pearl of Death, The (Universal 1944)
Phantom of the Opera, The (Gaston Leroux 1909)
Le Fantôme de l'Opéra (Gaston Leroux 1909)
Phantom of the Opera, The (Universal 1925)
Universal's The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) had proved immensely successful for both the Laemmles and its star, Lon Chaney. Chaney's grotesque make-up for deformed Notre Dame bell-ringer Quasimodo had been a revelation, almost enough to rival the studio's lavish stone-by-stone recreation of that Parisian cathedral itself.
Carl Laemmle needed a follow-up and once again, looked to Paris for material. He found inspiration in Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, first published in English in 1911. Lon Chaney was brought back to star as doomed Erik, the haunting title figure who slinks around in the shadows of the Paris Opera House in black cloak and white mask.
The famous two-colour Technicolor masque ball scene from The Phantom of the Opera (Universal 1925)
Directorial duties went to Rupert Julian, and the studio attempted to excel itself by this time building a replica of the world-famous musical institution. The structural strength required to support thousands of extras (including a 15-year-old Carla Laemmle in a minor role as a ballerina) meant that Universal's Soundstage 28 was constructed with steel girders set in concrete. It was the first such construction of its kind and was never dismantled, although in August 2014 the planned demolition of the stage (not the set itself) was announced as part of the expansion of the Universal Studios theme park.
Unhindered by union rule, Chaney was once again given the freedom to create his own make-up, and with his role for The Phantom of the Opera, broke new ground even by his own standards. The intention was to create a living skull and the actor created a device which, once inserted into his nose, tilted the tip, spreading open his nostrils. A further device widened his mouth at the corners, revealing hideous false teeth attached on prongs. Celluloid spheres highlighted his cheekbones and atop his head was a domed wig of skin sporting meagre strands of limp, lifeless hair. The effect was, literally, monstrous, but came at a price; Chaney's nose frequently bled from the metal contraption and the make-up as a whole became painful and uncomfortable if worn for long periods.
Director Rupert Julian's classic unmasking scene, with the Phantom (Lon Chaney) and Christine (Mary Philbin) – one of the all-time enduring classic moments of cinematic horror from The Phantom of the Opera (Universal 1925)
Barring some significant plot differences, the core story of The Phantom of the Opera remains true to that of the novel. The haunted, barbaric Phantom occasionally emerges from the gloom to give unseen tuition to chorus girl Christine (Mary Philbin) and, when the management thwart his plans for her to replace diva La Carlotta, he sends the huge crystal chandelier crashing into the audience, using the commotion to spirit Christine below into the catacombs to his underground lair.
It is as he sits at his organ, playing his composition of Don Juan Triumphant (not heard until four years later when it was added to the film for a synchronised reissue by David Broekman and Max Hayman), that the girl – unable to resist any longer – tears off his mask, thus creating one of the all-time classic moments of cinematic terror, and what could be argued as the first great unmasking on camera. Kept secret until that moment, Chaney's masterful make-up caused women to scream and strong men to faint. Julian's camerawork is superb, allowing the audience on the horror first, and then repeating it as Christine beholds her cadaverous captor, in turn shocking us again. A combination of close-ups, long shots and cutaways add to the terror.
At the Phantom's (Lon Chaney) mercy: Ledoux (Arthur Edmund Carewe), Raoul (Norman Kerry) and Christine (Mary Philbin) in The Phantom of the Opera (Universal 1925)
The Phantom of the Opera benefitted from the use of two-colour Technicolor, an expensive process overlaying red and green to create the sumptuous effect of full colour for the Bal Masque de l'Opéra scene where Chaney strides abroad, a spectral intruder emulating Edgar Allan Poe's Red Death. The final set-piece was another Universal triumph as the mob with flaming torches chase Erik as he frantically drives his coach past the still-standing set of Notre Dame. Taunting the crowd, he is captured and unceremoniously thrown into the Seine.
After a shaky start, The Phantom of the Opera went on to become a huge success, grossing over $2 million, with a 1930 sound reissue grossing an additional $1 million. Still shocking today, it established Chaney as one of the most prominent actors of his day and became one of the iconic monster images of all time, up there with Lugosi's Dracula and Karloff's Frankenstein Monster.
Original theatrical release poster for The Phantom of the Opera (Universal 1925)
Dan Skopp
"Lon Chaney shall never die!!" I have a DVD copy of the 1925 and the 1927 Sound re-issue. I also have the Book that Carla had released, "Carla Laemmle, An Intimate Biography" I had her autograph it to me with a photo of her in the opening scene of the 1931 Dracula. I can only hope that this generation and those to come will have as much interest and love for the classic Monsters as you and I !!
This movie scared me badly as a kid, his face was so scary and to this day still is. Lon Chaney was the man of a thousand faces


The new National Defense Strategy has paved the way for the most extensive revision of the joint force since the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff said in a recent interview.
The changes will ensure that planning, force management and decision-making are made "at the speed of relevance," Marine Corps Gen. Joe Dunford said.
Dunford — and his successors — must work to speed senior leaders' decision-making, integrate operations worldwide and deliver forces capable of competing and winning against any possible adversary.
That the speed of war has accelerated is a given. Actions in one part of the world are felt almost instantaneously around the globe. The cyber world is now a realm of combat and permeates all other realms. A video of a riot in Peshawar, Pakistan, may spark a response anywhere from Nigeria or the Philippines to Moscow or Beijing.
The inclusion of space and cyber realms as domains of warfare means the battlefield has expanded from orbit to the digital world, and has changed the character of war. As reflected in the recently signed Joint Concept for Integrated Campaigning, the old paradigm of "at war" or "at peace" has shifted, defense officials have said. Russian and Chinese military thinkers have "gone to school" on the United States and devised strategies to achieve their objectives short of open conflict, officials said.
The Russians and Chinese are playing a long game to threaten the international, rules-based order that has been so successful at maintaining peace since World War II, defense officials said. And they are doing this with actions below the threshold of armed conflict. They use information operations, troop movements, proxy fighters, propaganda, diplomacy, economic pressures and threats to coerce countries.
The speed of war has accelerated, and the U.S. military is changing to get ahead of this development. Time is a precious commodity to defense and national leaders. They need the best intelligence and information and they need it quickly.
When Dunford first took office he spoke about buying more time for leaders to study options and make decisions.
He believes he has found the way to buy this time and global integration is key.
To ensure the U.S. military's competitive advantage, Dunford has laid out four pillars of global integration: planning, decision-making, force management and force design. The effects of the changes across these four pillars will be felt throughout the joint force.
"Those are the four main areas that, at the end of the day, I thought our integration needed to be improved [to compete in today's strategic environment]," the chairman said.
The department has always done global integration, but the changes to the speed of war and the changed character of war means that integration "needs to be done in a much more aggressive way," Dunford said.
All this builds from the National Defense Strategy, which identifies great power competition with Russia and China as the main threats, with Iran, North Korea and violent extremism viewed as other threats to America, its allies and partner nations.
Military officials took those priorities and changed the force allocation process. "In the past, when you had conflict and you assumed it was going to be isolated to a given theater, combatant commanders from the bottom up identified all capabilities and capacities that they would need and then we would sort of cross-level across the combatant commands," Dunford said.
The new defense strategy emphasizes accelerated decision-making and flexibility to reflect today's changed security environment, the chairman said.
"We feed that decision-making from the top down, then get bottom-up refinement from the combatant commanders and deploy the force," Dunford said. "But we deploy the force in a way that is consistent with what I refer to as the "boxer's stance"– meaning you get the best posture for what you believe is the most likely problem set, while preserving your ability to respond to the unexpected.
And it is not just for today's battles. An important part of integration is about the future. As the global integrator looks at the global posture, he is looking at the plans for today, but he also must assess what will be needed tomorrow, Dunford said.
When the chairman talks about shaping the force of the future, he talks about integrating strategy, concepts and assessments to develop a force that can fight and win against any adversary.
The process begins by examining the capabilities available today and the kinds of investments the services make in the joint force. "We then have to compare our trajectory against our adversaries and provide a rigorous assessment that looks across the joint force to determine the capabilities and capacities that each service will need 5, 10, 20 years down the road," he said.
This is a departure from past practices. When the United States had overwhelming military advantage and a much larger force size, it was reasonable to allow the services to develop capabilities and then figure how to integrate them later.
"With peer competitors in an era of great power competition, you've got to be much more deliberate in capability development and specifically benchmark that against the best intelligence you have about the path of capability development of your adversary, informed by what you want to do in the strategic environment you expect to do it in, against the adversary you expect to see," Dunford said.
Any conflict risks becoming trans-regional and all domain — land, sea, air, space and cyber — a departure from the past when potential conflicts could be considered limited to only a regional problem.
Regional conflicts may still be possible, but in all likelihood any conflict would quickly expand. The expansion of cyber capabilities and the dangers of missile proliferation change the calculus. Add to that nations working on nuclear technologies and the threat morphs quickly from a regional problem to a global threat — any conflict has the potential of being trans-regional, immediately.
As global integrator, the chairman will have to interact not only with the U.S. commander for a regional area, such as the commander of U.S. Forces Korea, but also the U.S. combatant commander. He further will have to interact with U.S. Northern Command for missile defense of the United States, U.S. Cyber Command to counter any cyberattack and U.S. Strategic Command for deterrence against nuclear threats.
This means significant process changes in the Joint Staff and the combatant commands, the chairman said.
There are still regional plans, he said, but they are built and informed by global campaign plans, which provide a framework for planning an all-domain, trans-regional approach to the challenges outlined in the National Defense Strategy.
Korea is just one example, Dunford said. "If we have a plan for Korea, we also have a supporting plan for all the other combatant commanders," the chairman said, noting that these plans will outline the specific tasks commanders must accomplish, and the resources they would have.
This will enable the military to "quickly transition from where we are today to actually making Korea the main effort, and we can quickly transition the rest of the globe because there is going to be an immediate reprioritization and reallocation of resources to support the fight," he said.
Transregional exercises involving multiple combatant commands are important for this process. Combined, joint exercises provide opportunities for senior leaders to train at the strategic level in the same way units train at the tactical level — providing the "reps and sets" required to improve competencies, develop implicit communication and identify risk, the chairman said.
"You can't anticipate what is going to happen in a war, but you can try as best you can to replicate what you believe will happen in war and basically identify how you will frame those decisions," Dunford said.
Military leaders must have a shared vision of the battlefield, the threats and the capabilities available. This type of integration among military commands will allow the secretary to make decisions at the speed of relevance, the chairman said.
Lessons from these exercises are driving changes throughout planning, decision-making and force management processes, the chairman said. One key lesson is that in today's environment, where demand outpaces supply, decisions at the global level rely on leaders having absolute fidelity on resources and capabilities including levels of personnel and equipment readiness. Yet, until recently, the joint force still relied on largely analog — and slow — processes to identify trade-offs and opportunity costs. Innovation was required to provide senior leaders with the fidelity necessary to employ the force at the speed required of today's fight.
"That's why we've started working with Defense Innovation Unit-Experimental," the chairman said. The public-private partnership to accelerate commercial innovation for national defense has allowed the Joint Staff to leverage artificial intelligence and advanced analytics.
"We now have the ability to track the major force elements that are distributed around the world to identify where they are, what they are capable of, what their level of readiness is," he said. While the military has always done this type of analysis, the difference is that in the past this process would have taken weeks — today it takes seconds.
The appointment as global integrator doesn't change any authorities for the Joint Staff, but it does change responsibilities, officials said. For the chairman it really comes down to acting on the secretary's strategy.
"We say to [the secretary], 'Here is our understanding of your strategy. Here's the capabilities and capacities we have in the inventory. Here's our recommendations for posturing those forces against your priorities, and here is our appreciation of risk associated with the posture we have just developed,'" Dunford said.
All this builds on the lessons learned since the 1980s and the passage of the Goldwater-Nichols Act, he said.


As you search for an apartment for rent in Levittown PA, you may notice that this is easier to do than ever before. In the past, you are limited by local advertisements. Today, the Internet allows you to search through websites that are listing all of the apartments that are in your community, as well as surrounding communities that you may also want to consider. If you have a goal of being in Levittown in the state of Pennsylvania, even if you don't live there, you can still apply. This is how you can easily get an apartment in Levittown PA that will be in your price range.
How Long Will It Take To Find One Of These Apartments On Average?
There is a difference between finding the listings for the apartments that you would like to consider renting, and the feedback that you will receive from the apartment managers where you have set your applications. It is possible to find several different apartments in a short period of time, usually in the span of about 30 minutes, but it may take days before one of the representatives of each apartment complex will contact you back. You also have to consider the applications once they are approved. You need to choose one that is in a location that you would prefer.
Will You Always Be Able To Find An Apartment?
In most cases, you should be able to get at least one apartment manager to approve your request to rent one of their apartments. If you make more than enough money for the apartment, and you also have decent credit, it is likely that at least one of them will provide you with an approval. If you are fortunate enough to get a couple different apartments to approve your application, this gives you a choice to make. You can choose between the ones that are the most affordable, and those that are going to position you somewhere in the city that is much more convenient based upon your job, school, or the places where you will do the most shopping.
What You Need To Have Once You Are Approved?
If you are approved, you will need to have the last month of rent, first month, and also the deposit for the apartment ready. This is a check that you will write, one that you will provide them with immediately upon accepting your approval for that apartment. Once that is in, they will then provide you with the keys, pending the departure of the current tenants. It might take a few of them a few days to clean up the apartment if it is not already ready. Other than that, there will be no delay. This might be something that you will ask each apartment manager so that you can structure the timeframe by which you will move into the Levittown area.
Obtaining an apartment in Levittown PA can be done in less than a week. There are always apartments available. If you need a studio apartment, or a fully furnished apartment in a luxury community, you can also find those as well. In most cases, people are looking for a 1 or 2 bedroom apartment because they are alone, or they may have a significant other. If they have kids, they will be looking for something that is much larger, yet they will still be able to find Levittown apartments that are currently available for rent. As long as you apply immediately after seeing the advertisement, you will have the highest possible chance of being considered as a renter.


text:
Антони́на Ива́новна Поя́ркова (1897—1980) — советский , лауреат Сталинской премии (1952), один из ведущих авторов тридцатитомного издания «Флора СССР» (1934—1964).

Биография
Антонина Ивановна Пояркова родилась 20 февраля 1897 года в Петербурге в семье служащего. Она училась в Екатерининской женской гимназии, которую окончила в 1914 году. В 1915 году стала курсисткой Женского педагогического института. В 1922 году закончила естественно-географический факультет 1-го Петроградского государственного педагогического института.

В 1920 году зачислена научным сотрудником в Отдел живых растений Главного ботанического сада РСФСР. Здесь она начала работать в лаборатории экспериментальной экологии под руководством профессора Н. А. Максимова.

В 1931—1936 гг. работая по совместительству в Нефтяном геологоразведочном исследовательском институте, выполнила ряд работ по палеоботанике изучая ископаемые флоры Приаралья, Сахалина, Амура и Камчатки.

В 1932—1939 гг.эпизодически выполняла консультантскую работу по совместительству в Государственной академии коммунального хозяйства (г. Москва).

В 1936 году ей была присуждена ученая степень кандидата биологических наук без защиты диссертации «за работы по систематике цветковых и по ископаемым флорам Северной Азии».

За ботанические исследования, опубликованные в издании «Флора СССР», получила в 1952 году Сталинскую премию в области науки второй степени (вместе с ботаниками Б. К. Шишкиным и С. В. Юзепчуком).

В 1955 году Антонине Ивановне Поярковой без защиты диссертации была присуждена ученая степень доктора биологических наук по специальному ходатайству.

В 1969—1973 гг. работала как консультант в лаборатории систематики и географии высших растений Ботанического института АН СССР. С 1974 года оставила институт, но в меру своих сил продолжала научную работу. В 1980 году она закончила обработку семейства паслёновых для 5-го тома «Флоры европейской части СССР».

За успешный самоотверженный труд была награждена орденом Ленина и несколькими медалями.

Умерла в 1980 году. Похоронена на Зеленогорском кладбище, участок 11, ряд 1, могила 2. Вместе с ней похоронены Вера Ивановна Пояркова (1898—1955) и Сергей Иванович Поярков (1898—1973).

Некоторые публикации
 Флора Мурманской области. Выпуск IV. — М. — Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1959.

Растения, названные в честь А. И. Поярковой

Литература

Ссылки
 Гербарные коллекции Поярковой  в Ботаническом институте им. В. Л. Комарова РАН

Доктора биологических наук
Выпускники Российского государственного педагогического университета
Сотрудники Ботанического института им. В. Л. Комарова РАН
Подписавшие «письмо трёхсот»
Женщины-ботаники
Похороненные на Зеленогорском кладбище


The Trucker's Friend is a tough, all-purpose tool that combines the essential functions of an axe (fully resharpenable), claw hammer, nail puller, crow bar, wire twist, spanner wrench, grapple hook, tire chain hook and more. Keep it in your, vehicle, garage, tool chest or go-bag for any jobs that require hacking, pulling, prying, pounding, demolition, or even self-defense. Whether workaday or doomsday, you'll feel real peace of mind with this professional grade tool on board. The Trucker's Friend is a must-have for emergencies and the outdoors and a great gift. The secret weapon of big-rig drivers is now available to everyone - after all, we can all use a friend!


Cannabis lawyers say it's pretty low-risk to take CBD with you on your next vacation within the United States, but they note it also depends on your method of travel and where you're going. Attorney Lauren Rudick tells Bustle that while you could get in trouble having CBD in states like Idaho and Nebraska, which have outlawed CBD, you usually won't have any problems traveling with it in other states, as long as it's compliant with their laws.
"There really shouldn't be an issue," Rudick says. But there are a few other things travelers should know.
What If I'm Taking A Flight?
Bringing CBD in your carry-on luggage could cause problems if you're flying. Although TSA officers aren't searching your bags looking for your CBD oil specifically, if they do find it, they might alert law enforcement officers, who will then handle the situation however their state laws dictate.
The Transportation Security Administration's website backs up what he's saying — security is the agency's priority, so agents are more likely to make sure you take off your shoes and don't bring any weapons into the airport.
Accordingly, TSA security officers do not search for marijuana or other illegal drugs, but in the event a substance that appears to be marijuana or a cannabis infused product is observed during security screening, TSA will refer the matter to a law enforcement officer.
Having CBD in your car shouldn't cause any major problems in most of the United States, but you should check state laws before embarking on a cross-country adventure. As Rudick notes, in some states, getting pulled over with CBD could result in fines or jail time.
For example, a California woman was charged with felony drug possession in Wyoming last year after police found a bottle of hemp-derived CBD oil in her purse (they arrested her for allegedly driving with a suspended license). Officers said the CBD oil tested positive for THC, although a deputy prosecutor acknowledged that the law on CBD products in Wyoming was unclear and the charge was ultimately dismissed.
What About Going On A Cruise?
Do you panic at the thought of cramming onto a boat with thousands of other people? It may seem like a good idea to bring CBD along to take the edge off, but leaving it on land is probably for the best. Carnival Cruises explicitly forbids CBD, while Royal Caribbean tells Bustle they don't allow "any cannabis-derivative products (including CBD products)." Norwegian also says they prohibit CBD on its ships. While there's no CBD policy available online for Disney cruises, it does forbid medical marijuana.
Travel is already stressful, so if you're worried about having CBD on you, it may be best to leave it at home. Otherwise, do your research ahead of time to make sure bringing CBD won't cause any vacation hiccups.


Looking to test out thin clients in our environment so I downloaded WDM enterprise on a trial. I have it all installed but I'm unable to log in? There was no mention of a default login in the setup guide so I assume it was either the database or repository credentials but neither of those work. There are mentions about "logging in as administrator" but there is no password listed and I didn't create an administrator password during setup. Any help?


Waldorf has long recognized the value of immersing students in a multilingual experience. Starting in he first grade students learn both French and German. In the high school students complete a four year course of study in a language and may choose from French, Spanish, or German. High school students also have the opportunity to take Mandarin Chinese as an elective and to participate in an exchange program to further hone their language skills.


Championship clubs, there's nothing more frustrating than planning to go to speedway on a decent day, only to find rain from night before postpones the meeting.
then they should be allowed. 4 Clubs should be allowed to race when they want and if that means some riders cannot ride for their clubs, so be it. 5 All clubs must have a British under four-point rider at reserve. 6 Stop riders dropping down to the National League.
The NL should be for developing riders, clubs should be allowed one rider to help these guys, such as Jon Armstrong, but no more. 7 Encourage fans to travel and support teams, give season ticket holders for the visiting team a discount, at Belle Vue a group of fans have formed a supporters' club to get people involved and travelling. 8 We need to encourage younger supporters, let kids into the pits to talk to riders and get the riders to show the bikes to kids. Earlier in the year we got to go in the pits at Belle Vue and Nicolai Klindt took the time to explain bits to the fans. I would also like to see people like Lee Kilby given a bigger role in the promotion of the whole of speedway, he does a tremendous job at Birmingham and Swindon.
EVERYONE wants to see the best riders on a regular basis but the financial risks must be too great.
However, could a super league be arranged over a short period of time between promotions who would take the risk?
I do not have a track to visit on a regular basis that I enjoy, but I do enjoy visiting Belle Vue on occasion, awesome racing.
Maybe go back to one league with regular race nights and no guest riders (similar to mid-sixties formats) after all, there seems to be lots of young local talent about.
I do realise that this seems to be devaluing the entertainment, but does it really? Viability is on everyone's mind and this is a great shame because once this great sport of ours is gone, it could be gone forever (being a Cradley boy, I should know).
STOP the gardening and in a re-run straight back to the tapes.
And, PLEASE, not one league.
WITH the Speedway GP at Cardiff on Saturday, September 21, next year, how about this for an idea?
On the Sunday, Cardiff hosts the NL/CL/PL finals, each as a one-off, one leg final. What a weekend that would be!


2003-02-06 04:00:00 PDT Washington -- Senior U.S. intelligence officials have concluded that the risk of a terrorist attack on U.S. soil has increased significantly in recent weeks, but there is deep disagreement among policymakers about whether to issue a general warning to the public about the danger, according to sources familiar with the debate.
The FBI, CIA and other intelligence agencies have documented a rise in intelligence information over the past two weeks indicating an increased possibility of attacks. As a result, the FBI is planning to warn law enforcement agencies by today that there is a heightened danger of attack on apartment buildings, hotels and other "soft targets," according to sources who have seen draft copies of the bulletin.
A similarly wary assessment of heightened risk was issued by the CIA last week and circulated among senior U.S. intelligence officials, sources said. The warning also comes as FBI officials prepare to submit a classified report to Congress next week that concludes that the al Qaeda terrorist network remains the most significant threat to domestic security, sources said.
Many intelligence analysts in the Pentagon and White House believe that the surge in activity is cause for serious alarm, and many of them favor issuing a general alert to the public sometime in the next week, sources said.
"When you start looking at the whole broad spectrum and look at it all together, you come up with a synergistic kind of thing that raises a whole lot of concern," said one Defense Department official. "There is a definite upswing in chatter out there about attacking our targets."
FBI and CIA officials have taken a more cautious position, however, arguing that the threat information -- while clearly troubling -- is vague and contains no specific, credible evidence of an impending attack, sources said. One Justice Department official said the volume of reports was larger than normal but did not approach the levels seen in the days leading up to the July 4 holiday or to the first anniversary of the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks.
Many of these officials believe that issuing a general terrorism alert would alarm the public without providing any usable information and would be viewed with undue skepticism because of U.S. preparations for war with Iraq.
One defense official said that the Defense Intelligence Agency had collected some information overseas indicating a possible attack within the United States. But FBI officials have not been able to confirm those reports and are skeptical of their veracity, the official said.
A decision on whether to issue a general alert has been delayed in part so the FBI and other authorities can investigate several specific threat reports that might be corroborated or discounted, either through interrogations of U.S.
military detainees overseas or through traditional law enforcement work, one official said.
The nation's color-coded threat index remained at yellow Wednesday, signifying an elevated risk of terrorist attack. That level has been upgraded only once before to orange, which signifies a "high" risk of attack, and officials said there were no immediate plans to increase the level again.
This week's National Intelligence Bulletin, issued by the FBI to about 17, 000 law enforcement agencies nationwide, is expected to include cautions about particular buildings and events that could be inviting targets for Islamic extremists, sources said.
Vincent Cannistraro, a former CIA counterterrorism official who maintains close contacts with the U.S. intelligence community, said that despite the debate over a public warning, intelligence officials throughout the government agreed that the volume of threats was alarming.
"They can't focus that concern on any one specific area, but they are reading the same material and saying it's quite possible something big is going to happen," Cannistraro said. "There is a lot of worry. . . . They have intelligence indicating that something is planned for this year, but they don't know where or how or exactly when."


text:
Dear President Obama: Let's Help Yemen instead of Droning It
This is a [pdf] letter to President Obama pleading for a substantial rethink of Yemen policy in his second term, which I among other Middle East experts signed. It was worked up by the Yemen Policy Initiative of the Atlantic Council and the Project on Middle East Democracy. Yemen gets little news coverage in the US but it is a vitally important nation at the mouth of the strategic Red Sea and deserves a more thoughtful Washington policy than just droning its radicals.
YEMEN POLICY INITIATIVE Coordinated by the Hariri Center for the Middle East at the Atlantic Council and the Project on Middle East Democracy March 26 , 2013
With a new national security team now in place, this is an opportune moment to re evaluate US policy toward Yemen. US strategic interests must balance a number of complex priorities: stability in the Arabian Peninsula, the disruption of terrorist networks, secure waterways and access to oil, prevent ion of a humanitarian crisis, and genuine support for Yemen's transition to democracy. As these challenges evolve, the US must emphasize the importance of Yemen as a stable, secure, and sustainable partner.
Addressing long – term threats to US security — and not focusing primarily on acute, short – term threats — means that we must prioritize the humanitarian, economic, and political development of the Yemeni people . How we achieve that deserves far more discussion and debate. We congratulate your a dministration, the US Embassy in Sana'a, the Department of State and the US Agency for International Development (USAID) on efforts to focus on long – term development and humanitarian needs and to shift funding allocations acc ordingly. Despite fiscal constraints, the US government has leveraged significant resources to support the implementation of the transition agreement and the National Dialogue process.
USAID and other agencies are helping internally displaced persons and the country's most vulnerable populations. We can be proud that the United States is the single largest contributor of humanitarian aid to Yemen. We also recognize and appreciate the efforts of many US officials to address the recommendations that many in this group advanced in a June 2012 letter. T he se positive developments , however, are considerably hampered by the chronic and pervasive perception both here and in Yemen that the United States pursues its security interests with little regard to the stra tegy's impact on Yemen itself.
The perception that the United States is singularly focused on al – Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) is a symptom of this problem . Yemenis understand that AQAP is a threat to both Yemenis and Americans, and most recognize the need to confront those who plan and pledge to attack the U nited States. However, the current approach to combating these threats is proving itself counterproductive and in need of urgent re evaluation.
The United States is right to invest in enhancing the capacity and operational effectiveness of Yemen 's armed forces. We have worked to provide training and technical assistance to Yemeni security forces for the purpose of combating extremism. President Hadi's decision to rest ructure the security forces will help the government respond to domestic threats , and US support for a Yemeni – led process to implement this reorganization with a unified, centralized command structure will enhance the effectiveness of security forces. This will ul timately enhance their capability to provide security to Yemeni citizens and disrupt terrorist networks throughout the country. However, the increased reliance on drone s undermines our long – term interest in a stable, secure, and s us tainable partner in Yemen.
A growing body of research indicates that civilian casualties and material damage from drone strikes discredit the central government and engender resentment towards the United States. Where drone strikes have hit civilians , news reports and first – hand accounts increasing ly indicate that affected families and villages are demonstrating and chanting against the Yemeni and US government. This creates fertile ground for new recruits and sympathizers who might provide safe haven or direct support to AQAP and its local affiliate , Ansar al – Sharia. The collateral damage produced by drone strikes, along with the political cost of alienating Yemeni s, reduces the political space within which we can cooperate with and help strengthen the Yemeni government.
By embracing the expansive use of US drones, President Hadi risks undermining the legitimacy of his government . The vast majority of Yemenis likely accept that the Yemeni government must combat violent extremists that have found safe haven in Yemen, but reject US control of this campaign . The US strategy in Yemen is based on the core assumption that a strong and legitimate government is essential to overcome the myriad of challenges the country faces. B y associating itself with drone strikes, the Yemeni government unwittingly undercuts its credibility among st the population . Opposition to drone strikes is becoming a national rallying cry for those distrust ful of the central government — from Ansar al – Sharia, to Houthis , to Southerners. Ultimately, the United States will not be able to overcome the threat of AQAP by military means alone – we cannot simply kill our way out of this problem.
The only effective long – term strategy will prioritize helping the Yemeni government address the very factors that allow extremist ideology to spread: the absence of basic social services, a worsening food sho rtage, and chronic unemployment . The US government has made some positive changes over the past four years in terms of its policy toward Yemen, but m ore can and must be done to set our policy on the right course. Senior administration officials already emphasize our commitment to Yemen's economic development and political transition, but actions speak louder than words. This is the moment to strengthen this commitment with concrete action .
With the development of a new national security team, your administration is well positioned to make the following changes in US policy:
 Leverage the US government's close relationship with President Hadi to strongly encourage his government to meet the reform benchmarks to which he has committed and address human rights violations. These commitments arose from a process that President Hadi himself set forth as a result of the GCC agreement, and implementation is critical for the credibility of the process and international support. Your Administration should continue to work with Hadi and his government to empower democratic institutions and processes rather than individuals . Even in a transitional phase, Hadi and his government should focus on combating corruption , while rewarding merit rather than personal relationships.
 Support the National Dialogue in way s t hat empower independent voices — not only political party elites — and include more extensive outreach to Southerners and Yemenis outside of Sanaa and other urban areas . The United States should encourage President Hadi to implement the twenty points recommended by the Technical Committee of the National Dialogue Conference to generate confidence among Yemenis in the dialogue process itself. Credible Southern participation is essential for the success of the dialogue, and concrete measure s should be taken to demonstrate the government's commitment to a fair process that will address Southern grievances. Beyond the National Dialogue, the United States should reach out more broadly to youth and civil society groups and work with new leaders capable of leading Yemen past the Saleh – era status quo .
 Work within the Friends of Yemen group to ensure that the generous pledges committed to Yemen are delivered and that the government of Yemen has the capacity and resources it needs to implement projects . Beyond the moral imperative of providing assistance to avoid famine and extreme suffering, there is an acute security risk of this crisis leading to greater instabilit y . The US should work with President Hadi and his government to activate and empower the new ly – established Executive Bureau with real decision – making powers to expedite donor – funded development projects, including leverage to push implementing agencies to action. Moving quickly to impleme nt development projects in the South and other vulnerable areas will help instill confidence in Hadi's government and the dial ogue process.
 Implement a more robust public diplomacy strategy to demonstrate that US interests in Yemen are not limited to counterterrorism and security issues . Although the State Department and USAID are engaging President Hadi's government on economic , political, and humanitarian issues, most Yemenis are unaware of such initiatives and feel only the negative aspects of US counterterrorism policy. A visit by Secretary of State John Kerry would send a strong signal of support for Yemen's transition and i ts democratic aspirations. Additionally, other high – level civilian officials — who are not connected to defense or security issues — should make public statements and speeches conveying a sustained US commitment to ensuring Yemen's economic well – being and demo cratic development through the transition process.
 Reevaluate our reliance on drone strikes with the recognition that this approach is generating significant anti – American sentiment and could strengthen the appeal of extremist groups. While the tactical costs and benefits are weighed by your Administration , the same degree of attention should be paid to the corrosive political costs of such strikes . Particular attention must be focused on the effect of strikes on the central government's legitimacy and it s ability to cooperate with the United States. At the same time, t he A dministration should work with Congress to develop a more transparent process and robust legal framework to govern the use of drone strikes in Yemen and elsewhere .
 Ensure that security restructuring achieves a unified command structure under civilian leadership and that US military assistance does not perpetuate the same mistakes made during Saleh 's tenure. US assistance should focus on strengthening institutions to enhance the long – term capacity of Yemen's security forces to address armed threats to internal security — not only counterterrorism operations. Within such programs, the United States should prioritize the need for Yemeni forces to respect human rights and the rule of law. US security assistance and the delivery of defense articles should reflect progress on reform benchmarks to which President Hadi has already committed .
 Increase economic assistance and draw upon regional funds to support Yemen, in addition to a bilateral assistance package. The US should allocate funds for Yemen from the Middle East Response Fund and the FY13 budget, as approved by Congress. Over the past year, US assistance has increased and shifted the proportion of economic aid relative to military assistance – this is a positive change that deserves recognition. USAID should continue this trend, and f unding should focus specifically on job creation , improving the business and regulatory environments , enhancing civil society capacity and demo cratic institution – building . As individuals who care deeply about the United State s and the future of Yemen, representing a diversity of experience, opinion, and political affiliation, the undersigned urge you and those in your administration to consider and implement these recommendations with the utmost urgency. We lend our names in ou r personal, not institutional, capacity.
Danya Greenfield , Deputy Director, Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East at the Atlantic Council,
Ambassador Barbara Bodine , Former US Ambassador to Yemen,
Daniel Brumberg , Professor, Georgetown University
Robert D. Burrowes , Adjunct Professor , Emeritus , University of Washington;
Sheila Carapico , Professor, University of Richmond;
Juan Cole , Professor, University of Michigan;
Isobel Coleman , Senior Fellow, The Council on Foreign Relations;
Megan Corrado , Legal Counsel and Director of Yemen program , Public International Law & Policy Group
Stephen Day , Professor, Stetson University
Charles Dunne , Director of Middle East and North Africa Programs, Freedom House Joshua Foust , National Security Columnist, PBS Need to Know
Stephen Grand , Nonresident Fellow , T he Brookings Institution
Steven Heydemann , Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University
James Hooper , Managing Director, Public International Law & Policy Group
Michael Hudson , Director, Middle East Institute, National University of Singapore
Brian Katulis , Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress
Stephen McInerney , Executive Director, Project on Middle East Democracy
David Kramer , President, Freedom House
Peter Mandaville , Professor, George Mason University
Ambassador Richard W. Murphy , Former Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs , Department of State
Emile Nakhleh , Professor, University of New Mexico
Shuja Nawaz , Director of South Asia Center at the Atlantic Council
Stacey Philbrick Yadav , Professor, Hobart and William Smith Colleges
Sarah Phillips , Senior Lecturer, the University of Sydney
Charles Schmitz , Professor, Towson University
Jillian Schwedler , Associate Professor, University of Massachusetts
Daniel Serwer , Professor, Johns Hopkins University
Anne – Marie Slaughter , Former Director of Policy Planning, Department of State
Christopher Swift , Professor, Georgetown University
Ambassador Edward Walker , Former Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs , Department of State
Wayne White, Former Deputy Director, Office of Analysis for the Near East and South Asia, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State


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Founded in 1978, our parish's celebrations have grown from the laundry room of the Good Shepherd Convent and 460 parishioners to our own worship space and more than 1300 individuals and group/families of all sizes. We extend the same tradition of welcoming and bonding to our long-term parishioners as we do to new and visiting parishioners. It is our mission to welcome each and every person, member and guest into our parish community and help them experience liturgies in which they are valued and enriched in Christ.
Our parish values you. It is through your active participation, generous stewardship, and strong sense of family and community that we become impactful Disciples of Christ. Each individual contributes in his/her own unique way to making our parish a thriving and vibrant community. Our parish members have many opportunities for participating in the pillars of our foundation, which support our parish ministries, including prayer, faith formation, hospitality, and service. From membership on the Pastoral Council, to volunteering for building and grounds clean-up, to planning worship celebrations, to getting involved in numerous outreach programs, and so much more, we are an active community of faith. Click here for more information about our ministries.
The children of our parish are our foundation. Our Faith Formation program is one of the many ways we are able to enrich the youth in our community. In addition, our parish supports religious education through the Green Bay Area Catholic Education System (GRACE) Grace and Notre Dame Academy (NDA). Our parish GRACE school, Holy Family School for children in preschool through eighth grade, currently has 121 of our parish children enrolled. In addition, we have 65 young adults attending NDA.
St. Elizabeth Ann Seton lived her life as a role model, which our parish is eager to replicate with a vision in which every person touched by our parish community is welcomed, valued and enriched in Christ.
We have dedicated members on our Prayer Chain. If you or someone you know would like prayers, our Prayer Chain will pray for your sincere intentions. You can call the parish office at (920) 499-1546 or complete the below form.
Click here for a listing of our staff and their contact information.


The Experimental Aircraft Association has released the daily airshow schedule for EAA AirVenture 2018! Take a look below and see some of the awesome aircraft and performances that will be taking place.
Monday will feature "FLS Microjet and Cri Cri with Ford vehicle drifting", an unusual combination that will surely be something not seen before.
Tuesday is the premiere of the SureFly octocopter and the Yak-110, a custom-built jet- and prop-powered aircraft made from two Yak-55s.
The Wednesday twilight show will feature the B-1B Lancer, which stole the 2017 airshow with its vapor-filled flybys!
Thursday is dedicated to "Early Jets", so it's safe to assume the warbirds segment will include the Gloster Meteor as well as the Vampire, Venom, and other jet warbirds.
Friday will include an Air National Guard flyover by a KC-135 and F-16s, undoubtedly from local Wisconsin units.
The Saturday twilight show marks the appearance of the E-4B Nightwatch, a modified 747 that serves as an airborne command post and is very rarely seen at airshows.
Sunday will also feature the E-4B, as well as the usual aerobatic performers and demonstrations by both the C-17 Globemaster III and F-16 Fighting Falcon.
Other highlights aren't specifically called out on the schedule; two Grumman F7F Tiger Cats will be at the show along with an ultra-rare XP-82 Twin Mustang and a newly restored P-51C "Lope's Hope". Oshkosh is also expected to be the first appearance of the P-51 Mustang "Moonbeam McSwine" after it was brought back to the US as a tribute to Vlado Lenoch. These will hopefully fly during the various warbird segments.
Keep an eye to our forums for more information as other announcements are made, and join the conversation there to let us know what you're most looking forward to seeing! Also, make sure to check out our mega-compilation video from AirVenture 2017 at the bottom of this post. It's four and a half hours of airshow action!
i personally liked the gliders.


text:
Women's "Werk": The Dignity of Craft
Two ceramic artists, who exemplify the modernist spirit, began their creative careers during the 1920s. Women's "Werk": The Dignity of Craft will contrast the artistic accomplishments of Susi Singer and Marguerite Wildenhain, who participated in two related, yet distinctive, European design reformation movements. At age seventeen, Singer won a scholarship to train at the famous Wiener Werkstätte of Vienna, Austria, where she learned to create exquisite ceramic figures. At nearly the same time, Wildenhain became a student at the German Bauhaus where, after mastering the fundamentals of ceramics, she went on to design superbly formed, functional tableware for industrial production and later to become well known for her teaching and studio pottery. Historic craft exhibitions, collector and antique clubs, and on-line auctions have encouraged the current enthusiasm for early crafts-based Modernism. The movement that swept through England, Europe and the United States just after the turn of the century is credited with initiating a fresh approach to design, but the movement was much more than an art style. It was fraught with socialist idealism and near-religious zeal for creating innovative design, for countering the Industrial Revolution, for reforming the wage system, and for aspiring to make beautiful objects affordable. Two important ceramic artists who exemplify the modernist spirit began their creative careers during the pivotal 1920s. Women's "Werk:" The Dignity of Craft presents the artistic accomplishments of Susi Singer (1891-1955) and Marguerite Wildenhain (1896-1985), who participated in two related, yet distinctive, European design reformations. At first glance, these ceramists seem as different as night and day. To be sure, their work is very different, for while Wildenhain produced vessels on a potter's wheel, Singer created brightly glazed, fanciful figures. However, this exhibition will reveal the intriguing parallels and the disparities of their lives, and undoubtedly demonstrate the impact both Singer and Wildenhain had on the evolution of ceramics. Women's "Werk" As young women, both Singer and Wildenhain had high artistic aspirations. With an uncommon, natural talent, Singer wanted to be a painter. These aspirations were discouraged by Joseph Hofmann, one of the founders of the Wiener Werkstätte, who directed her toward the "applied arts," specifically to the ceramics workshop. There, though her work won many awards, she was still relegated to a maker of "figurines," a label that lacked the prestige of the term "fine art." At the same time, Marguerite Wildenhain was trained under Bauhaus master sculptor, Gerhard Marcks and master potter, Max Krehan. Wildenhain's hope was to become a sculptor, but Marcks advised Wildenhain of the impossibility for a woman to succeed in this selective, male-dominated medium. Wildenhain resigned herself to her craft and concentrated her efforts on becoming an exceptional potter. Because of their Jewish ancestry, both women had to flee Europe prior to World War II to escape Nazi persecution. They both settled in California; Wildenhain in the rustic Northern landscape and Singer in the glamorous Los Angeles area, and these new environments further shaped their artistic careers. But both developed a special relationship to the ceramics department at Scripps College in Claremont. In 1946, Singer was awarded a grant from the College's Fine Arts Foundation to explore glazes and to produce a number of glazed sculptural pieces for the department. During her short time at Scripps, Singer taught sculpture in an on-campus, extension class. Likewise, Wildenhain was invited to conduct a workshop in 1952 by the ceramic department chairman, Richard Petterson. Though not documented, it is more than likely that Singer and Wildenhain knew each other, as they both appeared in the Scripps College first Bi-Annual Ceramics exhibition as well as six succeeding exhibitions. In 1947 they were shown along with such famed potters as Otto and Gertrud Natzler, Laura Andreson, Henry Varnum Poor, and William Manaker. Women's "Werk:" The Dignity of Craft traces both the successes and the frustrations of Wildenhain's and Singer's ceramic careers both before and after their relocation to California. Historic Background At the end of the nineteenth century, Europe was plagued with social and political unrest. Both Susi Singer and Marguerite Wildenhain were born into this unrest, and their lives could not help but be shaped by the experience. Infused with nationalism, secret alliances between nations, and a global economy fueled by the Industrial Revolution, the continent was perfectly positioned for the disastrous conflict of World War I. During such chaotic times, people have often sought idealistic answers; placing their hopes on societal reordering, futuristic innovation, political ideology, or spiritual leaders. As art reflects life, it was into this climate that the artistic communities of Austria and Germany independently sought to create an aesthetic utopian vision. It was into this climate that the artistic communities of Austria and Germany each projected a utopian vision, patterned after the philosophy of Englishman, William Morris. In pre-World War I Vienna, this vision was reflected by a group of artists who rejected the traditionally elaborate proclivity toward architecture and design in favor of a simpler "modern" style. They adopted a revolutionary position, believing that art school, craft workshops, and exhibitions should be integrated so as to offer to their patrons cohesively designed "whole" living environments. The resulting craft workshop, referred to as the Wiener Werkstätte (1903-1930), sought to restore solid, yet innovative design through the mutual cooperation of both artist and craftsman, with the aspiration to reaffirm an aesthetic value that was nearly always missing in mass manufactured items. A similar movement was begun in Germany. Founded in 1907 by Hermann Muthesius. The Deutsche Werkbund was a pioneering association of artists and industrialists dedicated to engineering economic and cultural reform through the modernization of German architecture and design. In 1919, under the leadership of Walter Gropius, the Werkbund was succeeded in Weimar, by the Bauhaus and a new form of academic instruction for an industrial society was initiated, one that theoretically overcame the fallacies in Morris's "craftsman's culture." The Bauhaus advocated classes taught in tandem by both master craftsmen and artist-professors. This new form of training sought to combine imaginative concepts with practical knowledge of the materials. The Bauhaus was responsible for a new sense of functional design and thus the formation of the axiom, "form follows function." But while both Austrian and German ideologies sought to elevate craft, embracing a broader definition of art that now included architecture, typography, furniture, textiles, ceramics and even wallpaper, there were also important differences. For instance, while the Wiener Werkstätte rejected mass production and therefore catered to the elite class, the Bauhaus ideal was to design for industry in order that average consumers would have access to well-conceived products. The later believed a link existed between aesthetic value and purpose – that application and artistry should be fused. What united these two groups of disparate reformers was the identification of design as a vital means of domestic recovery, cultural reform, and even moral regeneration. For two decades this movement gained an important stronghold on design. However the political and economic reality of war-torn Europe forever altered the landscape of the twentieth century, and art was no exception. By the 1920s, the Austrian Wiener Werkstätte began to decline. With economic downturns, the workshop turned to ceramics as a replacement for more costly production. At the same time there was a change of leadership whose taste favored ornamentation with theatrical overtones. Not surprisingly, as craftwork was considered to be a suitable occupation for "ladies," the ceramic department at WW was largely made up of women who submitted to the management's preference for highly decorated items. In 1925, at l'Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris, the ceramics presented by the Wiener Werkstätte were highly criticized for backsliding into baroque style. The ceramic department was chastised for work that was "too pretty" and thus a 'feminine aesthetic' became the scapegoat for the eventual failure of the Wiener Werkstätte. The time also proved very difficult for the Bauhaus school. By 1925, the political and philosophical landscape became too hostile and the Bauhaus moved from Weimar to a more hospitable location in Dessau. Soon after the move, however, a number of contributing factors caused the ceramics division to close, including the poor economic state of Germany, the death of master potter Max Krehan, and the departure of master sculptor Gerhard Marcks, who left to become head of the School of Fine and Applied Arts in Halle-Saale, Germany. Susi Singer Born in Austria in 1891, Susi Singer was a victim of the malnutrition that followed World War I and left her permanently frail and crippled. However, at the age of seventeen, Singer received a scholarship to train at Wiener Werkstätte. It was here that she learned to create her exquisite ceramic figures. After sixteen years at the Wiener Werkstätte, she married a coal miner and moved to Grünbach. She soon established her own studio, but also continued to supply the Wiener Werkstätte with her celebrated ceramic creations. Because she was married to an Aryan, she was not threatened by the anti-Semitic fervor present in Austria at that time; however, when her husband died in a tragic mining accident, things changed. Left with a son, Peter, of just two months, 47-year-old Singer moved back to Vienna to stay with her sister and mother. Life there became difficult because of the rise of the Third Reich. Streets were full of Nazi flags, and Singer, sensing the danger, applied for permission to go to the United States, obtained her visa and fled. In America, her repertoire of images increased to include life situations reflective of Hollywood, the California lifestyle, and the modern woman. For Singer, a woman of diminutive stature, it was perhaps a way to play out her dreams and fantasies. Whether depicting mythological or biblical figures, torch song singers, romantic heroines or humorous vignettes, her flowing, elongated forms exist in obvious contradiction to her life in war-torn Europe and to her own malformed body. Taking into account the context of the time — the "roaring twenties" — a more realistic evaluation of Singer's work and that of some of her more successful associates will justify the work's lighthearted side. As a plastic medium, well suited to manipulation, clay, with its bright array of colorful glazes, was the perfect material for sculpting the wide-ranging cast of fanciful or nostalgic characters that Singer created for her patrons. Singer's style was refreshing. In a 1948 review of her work by Arthur Millier a Los Angeles Times Art Critic, called her pieces, "miracles of imagination, observation, grace, humor, freedom and amazing craftsmanship." Marguerite Wildenhain At nearly the same time Singer became involved in Wiener Werkstätte, Wildenhain became a student at the Bauhaus, where, after mastering the fundamentals of ceramics, she went on to design superbly formed, functional tableware for industrial production. When the Bauhaus moved to Dessau, and Marcks took the job at Halle-Saale, he recommended Wildenhain as the head of the Ceramics Department, where, in addition to her teaching responsibilities, she designed wares for the famous Royal Berlin porcelain factory. The tranquility she found in Dessau, however, was short-lived and, seven years later, the Nazis purged German schools of non-Aryan teachers, forcing Wildenhain to relocate to Holland. Here she established a studio and won awards at the 1937 international exhibition in Paris, "Art et Technique," for her studio "pots" and for objects designed for production. However, like Singer, Wildenhain could not outrun the spread of the Nazi movement in Europe, and was also forced to flee to the United States. Ultimately, Wildenhain settled in the hills above Guerneville, in Northern California, where she and others attempted to establish a community of European craftsmen-teachers, similar to the Bauhaus. After eight years of developing the site and recruiting artist-teachers, the new school, called Pond Farm, was opened. Unfortunately, four years later the community failed, but Wildenhain stayed on, determined to make Pond Farm her permanent home and pottery studio. She fought heroically to establish herself in this remote area, where hardship went hand and hand with accomplishment. She succeeded in establishing a well-known and respected "summer school" where she trained many future potters and sculptors with a strict vision of what it meant to be a craftsman, insisting that an artist's life must involve total commitment and cannot be separate from day-to-day life. In the years that followed her appearance at Scripps College as a guest artist, Wildenhain made numerous workshop appearances throughout the US (in all but two states), demonstrating her remarkable skill at the potter's wheel and voicing her philosophy of art and life as one. Wildenhain advocated basic training in the technical aspects of ceramics, along with drawing and sculpting assignments and exercises to increase the artist's understanding of texture, space and volume. In her book, The Invisible Core, she wrote that an artist needs to observe the patterns of nature, needs to know art history, must be well read, and have a mastery of language, but above all, an artist should have strength of character, perseverance, dedication and honesty. By the 1970s Wildenhain's celebrity had started to wane in the United States. In the face of the "ceramic revolution," initiated through Peter Voulkos' abstract-expressionist approach to clay at Otis Art Institute, Wildenhain's traditional underpinnings fell out of favor with some. In Wildenhain's, 1973, The Invisible Core, referring to this type of experimentation, she wrote, "… pottery, cut open, rolled up, smashed and deformed… hailed by our jurors as masterpieces of ingenuity and talent … though new, this will not save them from being 'old stuff' tomorrow." Originally in awe of her proficiency, Voulkos and his followers later became critical of Wildenhain, labeling her methods as too restrictive. It must be noted that in fulfillment of Wildenhain's earlier aspiration to become a sculptor, her work followed an evolution that moved her closer and closer to this objective. Changes were subtle at first, images of nature drawn on her vessels soon graduated to vignettes of the people and animals she saw during her travels or within her community. At a more advanced stage, she created tiles that acted as the canvases for these drawings and later still, she pierced these tiles or molded open relief work to add dimension. Eventually freestanding figures became a vigorous part of her repertoire, finally fulfilling her original dream to be a sculptor. Conclusion Just as Susi Singer's delicate, colorfully glazed creations reveal her frail yet hopeful nature, so to do Wildenhain's earth-colored, often raw, sturdily constructed compositions expose her rustic, solitary life. It is our sincere desire to present the fascinating study of the similarities and contrasts between these two remarkable women who, in spite of the limitations of their sex and the world around them; their dislocation from their culture and the disappointment wrought from the failed social experiments of twentieth century Europe; they did not give up on their artistic pursuits. They persevered, and Women's "Werk" is the celebration of their achievements.


Creating all children to DIE is not in their best interest, or ours, for that matter.
Taking Over Indigo Children's Internet Education Taking Over Children's ... "Shall we stop killing all children yet?" iam Robert Ray Hedges is taking over all International Digital Internet Networks for Immortality.


SIMPLE FORUULA FOR ESTIMATING AIRPLANE CEILINGS.
a-= wing loading, based on full load.
customary to use either empirioal-performance charts or formulae.
Diehl, Walter S. Simple formula for estimating airplane ceilings, report, June 1922; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc53788/m1/2/: accessed April 24, 2019), University of North Texas Libraries, Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.


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Review: Greta Gerwig's Little Women Is a Noticeably Fleet Take on a Classic
Individual scenes are set to the rhythm of the young women's conversations, which at times approach Gilmore Girls-level warp speed.
by Michael Joshua Rowin
Photo: Columbia Pictures
At a time when Hollywood's idea of feminism largely consists of depicting women blowing things up just as good as men in lackluster franchise sequels and remakes, Greta Gerwig's adaptation of Little Women, Louisa May Alcott's classic 19th-century novel about the lives of four sisters during the Civil War, could be considered daring, even transgressive. But that depends on the perceived sensibility and politics of the source material, which, even when considering the conventions of the era in which it was written, often tends toward the saccharine and moralizing. It also depends on the perceived necessity of yet another version of a classic that's been adapted more than a dozen times for the screen.
Gerwig's major gambit is to tell Alcott's story out of chronological order so that events shuttle between the present and past. This approach allows us to better understand Jo (Saoirse Ronan), the second oldest of the March family and, as a tomboy and ambitious writer, the most fiercely independent. Alcott wrote her novel as a roman à clef, with Jo as a stand-in for herself, and Gerwig has decided to make Jo the character whose associational memories guide most of the narrative. As Jo looks back upon her life with nostalgia, sadness, disillusionment, and gratitude, Ronan conveys deep wells of unspoken feeling. Jo's relationship with each sister—especially in her rivalry with Amy (Florence Rugh)—is realized in the detail of her responses. Her unfulfilled romance with childhood friend Laurie (Timothée Chalamet) is heartbreaking due to Ronan's ability to simultaneously show what her character thinks she wants (the artistic life) and what she tries to convince herself into thinking is unnecessary (love).
Yet the nonlinear structure also makes watching this adaptation enervating, as almost every scene becomes, through the storminess of Jo's recollections, a barnburner. At one point toward the end of the film, Jo remembers her father (Bob Odenkirk) returning from his pastor work on the battlefield to an emotional welcome from his family. Moments later, we return to the present, where Jo learns that Beth (Eliza Scanlen), her shy second-youngest sister, has died, and a few moments after that Jo remembers the wedding of her eldest sister, Meg (Emma Watson), where Laurie proposes to Jo. These events unfold over the course of roughly five minutes, and that's not enough screen time for each to communicate its full emotional weight.
More than that, individual scenes are set to the rhythm of the young women's conversations, which at times approach Gilmore Girls-level warp speed. The flashbacks capture the giddiness and excitement of young womanhood as well as the effervescence of the Marches' warm and playful household—fully realized by Jess Gonchor's lived-in production design and Yorick Le Saux's lustrous cinematography—but Gerwig also cuts scenes to the same clip as their dialogue when lengthier takes and wider shots would have sufficed to depict the characters' interactions as unified, spontaneous actions. Whenever the film slows down, viewers receive a glimpse of how Little Women might have flowed as a whole, with greater patience for the passage of time and respect for the significance of the moment. When Jo declines Laurie's proposal, or when Meg tells her husband, John (James Norton), that he—not his meager salary—is enough to make her happy, Gerwig allows the moments to completely resonate.
A few of those moments belong to Laura Dern as the March materfamilias (nicknamed Marmee) and Meryl Streep as the sisters' cantankerous Aunt March, and both provide a counterweight of gravity whenever the proceedings threaten to become just a little too light. There's a wonderful scene where Marmee explains to Jo that she carries an anger inside her every day that she puts aside so as to support the family, and Dern communicates the intensity of that daily struggle without a shred of melodrama or self-pity. Aunt March, meanwhile, continually reminds her nieces of the harsh reality that without marrying a wealthy man their adult lives will be exceedingly rough. Streep could have easily portrayed her character as a cartoonish, old-fashioned biddy but instead imbues her with a resigned sadness.
Perhaps the most interesting decision Gerwig has made in her adaptation is to create a meta conclusion that qualifies Alcott's original ending—in which Jo marries an older man (Louis Garrel)—by explaining the social and financial pressures that forced Alcott to write it that way. It's a clever trick that honors Alcott while pushing the socio-historical context of her novel to the fore. In fact, there might have been even more commentary in this vein: Perhaps that would have been too experimental for such a mainstream film, but it might have also allowed Gerwig to explore other contradictions and conflicts of Alcott's story, which at times deeply interrogates the social and sexual conventions of her era and at times takes them for granted.
Cast: Saoirse Ronan, Emma Watson, Florence Pugh, Eliza Scanlen, Laura Dern, Timothée Chalamet, Meryl Streep, Tracy Letts, Bob Odenkirk, James Norton, Louis Garrel, Chris Cooper Director: Greta Gerwig Screenwriter: Greta Gerwig Distributor: Columbia Pictures Running Time: 135 min Rating: PG Year: 2019 Buy: Video, Soundtrack, Book
Life Upside Down Review: A Lockdown Comedy That Takes Half-Hearted Aim at Privilege
Puss in Boots: The Last Wish Review: A Feline Rogue Delightfully Fights for His Ninth Life
The Wonder Review: Florence Pugh Is a Miracle in Tale of Faith Versus Medicine
Michael Joshua Rowin
Michael Joshua Rowin is a freelance writer and artist who lives in Queens, New York. His writing has appeared in The Notebook, Film Comment, Reverse Shot, and other publications.
Review: Feast of the Epiphany Is a Shapeshifting Look at Community
Review: 1917 Is at Its Best When It Embraces the Chaos of War


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The Osmonds: Ever Thought Of Stringing Jimmy Up On Stage?. By Charles Shaar Murray : Articles, reviews and interviews from Rock's Backpages.
HAVE YOU heard? Donny Osmond's in town – along with big brother Alan – and the secret weeny bopper jungle telegraph knows where he's going to be every second of the way.


A female employee at a South Jersey prison claims colleagues shared naked photos of her and left anonymous threatening notes after she cooperated with an investigation into another female coworker's sexual harassment complaint.
Melanie Wilson, a Millville resident who was hired as a communications officer at Bayside State President in 2000, is suing the state Department of Corrections and five superior officers in federal court. Her lawsuit claims she faced retaliation and harassment as a result of cooperating with the investigation into a superior.
A spokesman for the Department of Corrections declined to comment because this is an ongoing legal matter.
Wilson said the harassment started after she spoke to investigators in March 2014.
Unknown people left notes on her work station calling her a "snitch" and warning her "you'll get yours," she claims.
In August she says she received interoffice mail warning: "NEVER RAT ON YOUR FRIENDS AND ALWAYS KEEP YOUR MOUTH SHUT." A month later she received a pink envelope to "Operator Snitch."
The lawsuit says someone mailed naked photos of her and notes to a superior officer at home and another superior at the office. Wilson said she was ordered to respond to the mailings but was never shown the photos or the note.
Her attorney, John H. Sanders II, of the Shrewsbury firm Shebell & Shebell, said last week that his client still hasn't seen the photos in question.
The extent of the alleged retaliation included reprimanding her for "chronic or excessive absenteeism" for her family leave that officials "improperly categorized" as sick time.
Last year she "suffered a stroke as a result of the extreme and prolonged stress caused by the hostile work environment" and claims officials denied her request to cover her time off under the Family Medical Leave Act.
The lawsuit seeks an unspecified amount in damages for claims under the state Law Against Discrimination and Wage and Hour Law, and the federal Civil Rights Act and Family Medical Leave Act.


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Andorra: The Largest Country Without An Airport
With a total population of just over 77,000, inhabitants of the European nation of Andorra could theoretically fit into some of the world's larger football stadiums. The country's population is small, but so is its footprint, covering an area of just 468 square kilometers. Despite attempts at developing an airport, the country remains without its own facility, with its mountainous terrain as the main hindrance.
The closest airport to Andorra is in the neighboring Spanish region of Catalonia. Photo: Vasconium via Wikimedia Commons
Mountains of challenges (and the challenge of mountains)
Landlocked between France and Spain in the Pyrenees mountains, Andorra has the unfortunate title of "largest country in the world without an airport." As we've already mentioned multiple times, this is due to the country's topography and terrain.
As we covered in March, the country has been working to get an airport of its own. For quite some time, the Chamber of Commerce has been working on a three-axis plan that includes rail connections, internal mobility, and a national airport. Feasibility studies were conducted, but technical reports by the Andorran Aeronautical Authority (AAA) concluded that "the limitations and safety of the project are in doubt" and "are important enough not to continue with the project." Some consider the project to be dead- at least for now.
Below is a video of a simulated approach and landing. You can fast forward to roughly 3:28 to see an Airbus A320's final approach to the proposed airport runway.
As you can see, Andorra's absence of airports is not for lack of wanting. Despite its small population, Andorra can see upwards of eight million visitors each year. Most of these visitors come from France and Spain, but foreigners from further afield have been increasing in numbers, a trend which is likely to resume as the travel industry continues to recover.
Unfortunately, when it comes to accessing "the outside world," getting to and from the country requires a roughly two and a half-hour drive from the airports in Barcelona or Toulouse- most certainly a barrier to tourists hoping for a short trip.
ndorra's closest airport
While it's technically outside of Andorra's borders, accessing the airport of Andorra-La Seu d'Urgell (LEU) is much more feasible for Andorrans via a relatively short 30-40 minute drive from the capital and main town of Andorra la Vella.
This airport briefly saw service to Barcelona in the early 80s but has remained relatively unused since this air connection was canceled. In more recent times, the airport was purchased by the Catalan regional government. Working with the Andorran government, renovations and upgrades were made to the facility so that it would be able to once again host commercial flights.
After apparently being the only bidder for a PSO (public service obligation) contract, Air Nostrum was selected to provide a commercial air link between Madrid Barajas (MAD) and Andorra-La Seu d'Urgell. The new twice-weekly route is set to commence on December 17th of this year using Air Nostrum's ATR 72-600s. With Air Nostrum being an Iberia subsidiary, oneworld flights further afield can be booked on a single itinerary, with a single stop in Madrid- something Andorrans (and visitors to Andorra) must be looking forward to.
The most convenient air service for travelers to and from Andorra will commence in a month and a half. Photo: GCMap.com
Is this the best option for Andorra?
While the Andorran government and its inhabitants would likely prefer an airport within its own borders, it looks like the MAD-LEU service will be the best option available (for now, at least).
Looking down at Andorra's capital, Andorra la Vella. Photo: Diego Delso via Wikimedia Commons
The country does have a heliport – but no regular commercial activity appears to take place there. An international commercial heliport would be welcomed and is likely the best solution for this small country and its terrain. Perhaps the rise of eVTOL vehicles and 'air taxis' will lead to a solution that is realistic and affordable for this small nation.
But what do you think? What is the best air transportation solution for Andorra? Let us know by leaving a comment.
Our thanks to loyal reader and YouTube viewer Cesc for his topic suggestion. If you have an article idea that you'd like to see covered by Simple Flying, it can be submitted here (although coverage is not guaranteed).
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