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Raúl Julio Escobar Poblete (Santiago, 17 de octubre de 1963), conocido como Comandante Emilio en sus actividades guerrilleras, fue un integrante del grupo armado chileno Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez (FPMR) sindicado como el autor material del asesinato del senador Jaime Guzmán, ideólogo de la dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet. Se encontraba prófugo de la justicia chilena desde ese acto, cometido en 1991 durante los primeros años de la Transición; además, habría participado en el rescate de cuatro de sus camaradas desde la cárcel de alta seguridad de Santiago en 1996.

Fue arrestado en  San Miguel de Allende México, el 30 de mayo de 2017, viviendo en ese país con una identidad falsa, acusado de secuestro agravado contra una ciudadana franco-estadounidense, posteriormente fue condenado por la justicia mexicana en junio de 2019 a 60 años de cárcel.

La justicia chilena solicitó su extradición, solicitud concedida por México para una extradición temporal donde enfrentará sus cargos como el autor material del asesinato de Jaime Guzmán, para luego retornar a cumplir su condena en la nación mexicana. Actualmente se encuentra cumpliendo una condena de 18 años de prisión en Chile.

Biografía

Hijo del periodista deportivo Mariano Escobar González, conocido por el seudónimo de Sansón, y de Celia Poblete, profesora normalista, Raúl quedó huérfano de padre a los nueve años de edad. Debido a los aprietos económicos que generó el fallecimiento de Mariano, la madre decidió enviar al hermano mayor, Manuel, donde unos familiares en Estados Unidos; cuando este regresó, se quedó con unos tíos en Providencia e iba solo esporádicamente a la casa de su madre y su hermano Raúl, en la Villa Santa Elena de Macul.

En esos tiempos, Celia Poblete "vendía lencería en Irarrázaval y Raúl Escobar estudiaba en el Liceo Lastarria y pasaba las tardes en las calles de Santa Elena, donde sus amistades lo conocían por su segundo nombre, Julio. Una de sus cercanas era Marcela Mardones, con quien, además, compartía ideas políticas". Con ella se casaría más tarde y tendría dos hijos.

Raúl Escobar se unió al Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez (FPMR) en 1987 y sobre los motivos que le impulsaron a hacerlo existen dos versiones. Según la primera, que figura en informes de la Policía de Investigaciones de Chile (PDI), habría sido al asesinato de una tía paterna, la frentista Elizabeth Escobar Mondaca, ocurrido en la denominada operación Albania (conocida también como matanza de Corpus Christi, 15 y 16 de junio de ese año) lo que habría inducido a Escobar a unirse al FPMR. Sin embargo, familiares directos tanto de Elizabeth como de Raúl niegan el parentesco. La segunda versión dice que lo hizo influenciado por Mauricio Arenas Bejas, conocido como Lobo o Joaquín, uno de los frentistas que habían atentado contra la comitiva del dictador Augusto Pinochet en septiembre de 1986. A este, Escobar lo conoció en la Penitenciaría, donde estuvo encarcelado durante casi siete meses después de ser detenido por su participación, en enero de 1987, en un asalto fallido a un departamento en avenida Pocuro, en Providencia. Al quedar en libertad a fines de año, Escobar se puso a las órdenes de un amigo de Arenas Bejas, Mauricio Hernández (conocido como Ramiro, el Abuelo o simplemente Pepe), y adoptó como chapa (seudónimo de guerra) el nombre de Emilio (convirtiéndose más tarde en el comandante Emilio; los detectives le asignaron a él y a su compañera sus propias chapas: Emilio era para ellos Pájaro Loco y Ximena, es decir, Marcela, era Minnie).

El aparato operativo del FPMR conformó dupla con Ricardo Palma Salamanca, otro joven frentista; en 1990 actuó en las muertes del coronel de carabineros Luis Fontaine primero, y del sargento de ejército Víctor Valenzuela Montecinos a finales del mismo año. En febrero de 1991 participó en el atentado con un cohete Law contra la residencia en Santiago del personal de seguridad de la embajada de Estados Unidos, en la que un infante de marina resultó herido.

El 1 de abril ese año, junto a Ricardo Palma, tomó parte en el atentado que le costó la vida al senador e ideólogo de la dictadura chilena Jaime Guzmán, y a finales de 1991 intervino como uno de los jefes en el grupo que secuestró a Cristián Edwards, un joven empresario hijo del dueño del diario El Mercurio. Luego de estos hechos fue identificado por la policía que inició una intensa búsqueda, sin éxito.

Volvió a reaparecer en diciembre de 1996 como jefe del comando de la llamada operación Vuelo de Justicia, que rescató a los frentistas Hernández, Palma, Pablo Muñoz Hoffman y Patricio Ortiz Montenegro desde la Cárcel de Alta Seguridad de Santiago, utilizando un helicóptero.

En el 2002, la policía de Brasil descubrió sus huellas dactilares en la vivienda que fue utilizada por los secuestradores del publicista Washington Olivetto. Meses más tarde fue ubicado por la Interpol en la localidad fronteriza de Santana do Livramento, donde estuvo a punto de ser capturado. Pese a ello su rastro se perdió inexplicablemente.

El martes 30 de mayo de 2017 fue detenido en San Miguel de Allende, México, país donde vivía desde hacía más de una década; también su expareja, Marcela Mardones, de la que separó a principios de la década de 2010, residía en ese país. Mardones había viajado a Chile, donde fue detenida el día 9 en las cercanías de Puerto Varas y llevada a la cárcel de Puerto Montt para luego ser trasladada a Santiago. Mardones, exestudiante de Educación Básica en el campus Oriente de la Universidad Católica, está acusada desde 1993 de asociación ilícita y delito terrorista; según la investigación, habría entregado la información sobre los movimientos y horarios de Guzmán.
En México, Emilio vivió con una identidad falsa, se hacia llamar Ramón Guevara y residía en San Miguel de Allende, donde era conocido como "fanático del fútbol, apoderado ejemplar y aficionado al arte" (jugaba dos veces a la semana, los martes y jueves, por su equipo Generación 35). Fue en esa ciudad donde fue detenido en su camioneta Tacoma blanca patente GR29157. A San Miguel de Allende había llegado con su pareja que adoptó la identidad falsa de Patricia Fernández y sus dos hijos, el mayor, Carlos, tenía entonces quince años y la menor, Rebeca, dos; vivían en el barrio del Atascadero. Después de separarse y de unirse a la española Isabel Mazarro (residían en el sector El Nigromante), continuó manteniendo una estrecha relación con su hija, a la que pasaba a buscar todos los días para llevarla a la escuela Árbol de Vida.

Escobar fue encarcelado en Valle de Santiago, Guanajuato, donde ingresó bajo el nombre Ramón Alberto Guevara Valencia, de acuerdo a su falsa identidad. Allí se le relacionaba con el secuestro de la francoestadounidense Nancy Michelle Kendall.

La justicia chilena solicitó su extradición, solicitud aprobada en primera instancia, pero suspendida en diciembre de 2018 por un recurso de amparo solicitado por la defensa de Escobar Poblete.

El 19 de junio de 2019, Raúl Escobar Poblete fue encontrado culpable de secuestro agravado y sentenciado a 60 años de prisión en México.

En septiembre de 2021 se concretó su extradición a Chile. El 29 de agosto de 2022, Raúl Escobar Poblete fue condenado por la justicia chilena a 18 años de prisión por ser uno de los autores materiales del asesinato del senador Jaime Guzmán en 1992.

Marcela Mardones

Exmiembro del Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez, conocida con el seudónimo de "Jimena". Expareja de Raul Escobar Poblete, Mardones era buscada por la justicia chilena debido a su participación en el asesinato del senador Jaime Guzmán, huyó junto a Escobar a México, viviendo en dicho país con identidades falsas en la ciudad de San Miguel de Allende. El 2 de junio de 2017 escapó de México con una identidad falsa después del arresto de Escobar Poblete, siendo buscada por INTERPOL y la PDI por delitos terroristas.

Fue arrestada por la PDI el 10 de junio de 2017 en la localidad de Peulla, cerca del Lago Todos Los Santos, Chile, por ingresar al país con un pasaporte falso. Fue trasladada a Santiago, siendo condenada en primera instancia en octubre de 2019 a una pena de 10 años de cárcel por su participación en el asesinato del senador Jaime Guzmán ocurrido en 1991. Después de un recurso de queja presentado por su defensa contra la corte de apelaciones, por considerar de "abuso" el carácter de terrorista de su delito, 12 de marzo de 2020 la Corte suprema de Chile rechazo el recurso de queja, además ratificó en un fallo unánime la condena a 10 años de prisión para Marcela Mardones, por el asesinato de Jaime Guzman en 1991 dado tanto en los fallos de primera instancia, como el de la corte de apelaciones.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Reportaje "El Gran Escape", Programa Contacto Canal 13

Integrantes del Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez
Nacidos en Santiago de Chile


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Big inning helps Diamondbacks, Greinke beat Padres 7-4 (Jun 07, 2017)
BY AP • June 8, 2017
PHOENIX (AP) When their ace wasn't sharp, the Arizona Diamondbacks relied on a lineup that has thrived at home this season.
Jake Lamb and Brandon Drury homered in a five-run third, and the Diamondbacks scored five times in an inning for the second consecutive night to beat the San Diego Padres 7-4 on Wednesday.
Zack Greinke labored through five innings for his eighth win. Arizona came back from a two-run deficit to win its eighth straight home game, improving to 23-8 at Chase Field.
That record ties the club's best start to a season at home, set in 1999. The winning streak is the longest for the Diamondbacks since they won eight home games in a row in July 2012.
''One of the traits of this team that I enjoy seeing is that they smell a little blood and they get an opening and they pound through that,'' manager Torey Lovullo said. ''We can hit home runs with the best of them and that's the high side of things. But we can keep tacking on and building on innings and creating moments for us to score runs.''
Yangervis Solarte homered early for the Padres, who lost their fourth straight overall.
Greinke (8-3) had to work out of a jam in the fifth after Franchy Cordero singled in Jose Pirela, who opened the inning with a pinch-hit double. The right-hander struck out Hunter Renfroe and Ryan Schimpf with two runners on.
Greinke allowed three runs and seven hits while equaling his shortest outing of the season. He struck out eight and walked one but needed 102 pitches to get through five innings.
''Started off pretty good and then got worse from there,'' Greinke said. ''It was OK for the most part. Flat stuff got a little flatter in the last two innings. Command was still all right but my stuff just wasn't as sharp.''
Luis Perdomo (0-3) took the loss after allowing all five runs in the third. He lasted four innings and gave up five hits with four walks, a strikeout and two wild pitches.
''I didn't have a lot of command with my slider, and I think that affected me a lot. It ended up hurting me,'' Perdomo said.
Arizona's five-run rally started with two outs, when Perdomo walked David Peralta and Paul Goldschmidt in front of Lamb. His 15th home run of the season gave him the major league lead with 53 RBIs.
Two batters later, Drury homered to center field for his fifth of the year.
''It's kind of one of those games where ... it's kind of slow moving. Those are the tough ones,'' Lamb said. ''You've got to stay with it and we had that big inning.''
The Diamondbacks went back up by three when Peralta hustled home on a wild pitch after a double steal in the seventh. Chris Owings hit a sacrifice fly to make it 7-3.
Fernando Rodney pitched the ninth for his 15th save after a scoreless inning by Archie Bradley that included two strikeouts.
Pirela, called up Tuesday from Triple-A, finished 3 for 3 after his eighth-inning RBI single.
''If you are going to have to put up a touchdown to win, you are probably not going to win a lot of baseball games,'' Padres manager Andy Green said.
HOMERS AT HOME
Arizona has gone deep in 11 straight home games, with 22 home runs during that span. The team last accomplished the feat in 2001, the year the Diamondbacks won their only World Series title.
GOLD(SCHMIDT) STANDARD
Goldschmidt has reached base safely in a career-high 34 consecutive home games. He's three games shy of Stephen Drew's club record.
TRAINER'S ROOM
Padres: RHP Jered Weaver (left hip inflammation) threw a bullpen Tuesday. He's missed 16 games while on the disabled list. ... RHP Carter Capps, recovering from major elbow surgery, will get back on the mound in the next day or two, Green said.
Diamondbacks: RHP Taijuan Walker threw four-plus innings and 64 pitches in an extended spring training game. He is coming back from a blister on his right index finger. ... C Chris Herrmann, who left Tuesday's game with right hand soreness, was rested but seems likely to avoid the disabled list.
Padres: LHP Clayton Richard (4-6) will face Arizona on Thursday afternoon, his fourth outing against the Diamondbacks this season. Richard threw a complete game against Arizona on May 21.
Diamondbacks: LHP Patrick Corbin (4-6) takes a four-game home winning streak into his start against the Padres.
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MLB 2021 surprise rankings: Giants, Mariners among the most unexpected winners

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home MUSIC: EL-SHADAI MUSIC - HOW GREAT MUSIC: EL-SHADAI MUSIC - HOW GREAT | @Elshadai_Music
MUSIC: EL-SHADAI MUSIC - HOW GREAT | @Elshadai_Music
at 18:53 MUSIC: EL-SHADAI MUSIC - HOW GREAT,
One of Nigeria's fast rising and renowned gospel music group "El-shadai music" drops there first official debut single, titled: "How Great" starting with the voices of this young and talented kid's
– Isaiah Odey (14 Yrs), Moses Onoja (10Yrs) and Isreal Sunday (13 Yrs).
El-shadai music is a record label under the umbrella of "Legendary Music Groups Inc. (LMG)". LMG is a new record company which started operation last year but was officially launched recently with the vision to rule the world through good music and also help give a platform to young and talented individuals who are called into the music ministry.
LMG is not only focused at reaching out to the world through music and sound alone, but also through outreach, charity programs, community development, radio broadcasting, films, among others.
The song "How Great" is a spirit-filled song that talks about the greatness of God our maker whom through his strength and greatness we can do all things.
Prod. by
Kopji || rocksKing
Download, get blessed, enjoy and share!
MUSIC: EL-SHADAI MUSIC - HOW GREAT


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The Chinese herbal medicine FTZ attenuates insulin resistance via IRS1 and PI3K in vitro and in rats with metabolic syndrome
Xuguang Hu1,
Man Wang1,
Weijian Bei1,
Zongyu Han1 &
Jiao Guo1
Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Fu Fang Zhen Zhu Tiao Zhi formula (FTZ), a Chinese medicinal decoction, has been used to relieve hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and other symptoms associated with metabolic disorders in the clinic.
To evaluate the effect of FTZ on insulin resistance, HepG2 cells were induced with high insulin as a model of insulin resistance and treated with FTZ at one of three dosages. Next, the levels of glucose content, insulin receptor substrate1 (IRS1) protein expression and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit p85 mRNA expression were measured. Alternatively, MS was induced in rats via gavage feeding of a high-fat diet for four consecutive weeks followed by administration of FTZ for eight consecutive weeks. Body weight and the plasma levels of lipids, insulin and glucose were evaluated. Finally, the expression of PI3K p85 mRNA in adipose tissue of rats was measured.
Our results revealed that FTZ attenuated glucose content and up-regulated the expression of PI3K p85 mRNA and IRS1 protein in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells in vitro. Moreover, FTZ reduced body weight and the plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, fasting glucose and insulin in insulin resistant MS rats. FTZ also elevated the expression of PI3K p85 mRNA in the adipose tissues of MS rats.
FTZ attenuated MS symptoms by decreasing the plasma levels of glucose and lipids. The underlying mechanism was attenuation of the reduced expression of PI3K p85 mRNA and IRS1 protein in both insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and MS rats.
Reaven noted that dyslipidemia, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia often occurred together [1]. Consequently, this author proposed the concept of X Syndrome, regarding insulin resistance as the primary characteristic of X Syndrome. Based on the association of X syndrome with a variety of metabolic diseases, Zimmet et al. defined its symptoms as metabolic syndrome (MS). MS is related to excessive energy intake, a sedentary lifestyle, and multiple genetic factors [2]. Many studies have demonstrated that patients with MS displayed an increased risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other diseases. Insulin resistance (IR) has been suggested as the common pathophysiological basis of MS. Because there is no eutherapeutic Western medicine to treat MS, searching for an effective therapeutic among the traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) or botanicals is urgently required.
Fu Fang Zhen Zhu Tiao Zhi formula (FTZ), for which a patent has been issued, is composed of eight medical herbs and has been proven clinically effective for the treatment of dyslipidemia [3, 4]. Our previous study demonstrated that FTZ could reduce serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increase the serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in hyperlipidemic patients [5, 6]. FTZ could reduce the viscosity of plasma and whole blood in hyperlipidemic patients [7]. In addition, our previous studies also demonstrated the antioxidant properties of FTZ, which reduced the oxidation of LDL-C [8]. FTZ also could improve serum lipid profile in high lipid diet induced hyperlipidemic rats by regulating the HMG-CoA reductase and CYP7A1 [9].
MS includes the symptoms dyslipidemia, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia and is typically characterized by insulin resistance. Therefore, insulin resistance is suggested to be a new drug target for treatment of MS or dyslipidemia. Nevertheless, the effect and mechanisms of FTZ on MS and insulin resistance remain unclear.
To elucidate the effect of FTZ on insulin resistance and its mechanism of action, HepG2 cells with insulin resistance and MS rats were used, and the effect of FTZ on insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and MS rats was measured. Moreover, the resistance index, the gene expression level of PI3K and the protein expression level of IRS1 were also investigated.
HepG2 cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) bioresource center (Manassas, VA, USA). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). IRS1 and GADPH antibodies were from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, MA, USA). Insulin and rosiglitazone (RGS) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents were analytical grade.
Preparation of FTZ extract
Herbs in FTZ [composed of Ligustrum lucidum W.T.Aiton, fructus; Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., rhizoma; Salvia miltiorhiza Bunge, radix; Coptis chinensis Franch., rhizoma; Panax notoginseng (Burk.)F.H.Chen, radix; Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., cortex; Cirsium japonicum (Thunb.) Fisch. ex DC., radix; Citrus medica var. sarcodactylus (Siebold ex Hoola van Nooten) Swingle, fructus] were provided by Zhixin Chinese Herbal Medicine Co.,Ltd. (Guangzhou, China) and authenticated by Professor Shuyan Li, pharmacognosist of School of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University. All of the raw materials in FTZ were examined according to the quality control criteria of Chinese Pharmacopeia 2010 and were controlled as previously reported [10]. The FTZ extract was prepared via alcohol and water extraction of eight herbs according to the protocol (see Supporting Material for the protocol of FTZ preparation). FTZ was obtained from the Institute of Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University. The voucher specimens were GDPUZYY 20110901-8(see Supporting Material-Voucher specimen). Quality analysis of the FTZ extract was performed via HPLC fingerprinting, which was obtained using a HPLC unit (Waters, USA) with an Agilent HC-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). All assigned peaks were identified by performing a co-injection test with authentic samples and comparative analysis of the UV spectral data (see Supporting Material-HPLC conditions) [9].
The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was purchased from ATCC. Cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal FBS at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. In all experiments, cells grew to 80-90% confluence.
Induction of insulin-resistance in HepG2 cells and glucose uptake experiments
Insulin resistance was induced in HepG2 cells as previously described [11–13]. In brief, HepG2 cells were seeded on 24-well plates at 2 × 105 cells/well, incubated for 24 h to reach maximal confluence and serum-starved for another 24 h. The cells were then incubated for 36 h in serum-free DMEM containing 25 mmol/l d-glucose, 10-6 mol/l insulin in the absence or presence of 1, 25 and 100 μg/ml FTZ or 10 μmol/l RGS. FTZ administration at 100, 25 and 1 μg/ml were defined as high, medium and low dosages, respectively. Next, cells were washed twice with PBS. The cells were then incubated for 24 h in serum-free DMEM without phenol red. The glucose content was quantified using a GOD-POD kit, measuring optical absorbance at 505 nm.
Western blot analysis
Cells were washed with ice-cold PBS and lysed with lysis buffer (50 mmol/l Tris HCl, 1% Triton X-100, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 150 mmol/l NaCl, 1 mmol/l EDTA, 1 mmol/l PMSF, 1 mmol/l sodium orthovanadate, 1 mmol/l NaF and 0.2% protease inhibitor cocktail; pH7.2). For western blotting, protein samples (20 μg) of high insulin-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were separated via 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and incubated with primary antibody (anti-IRS1, or anti-GAPDH), followed by secondary antibody (horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG). Intensity of the immunoblot signal was assayed using Western Bright™ ECL spray and analyzed quantitatively using GeneTools software from Syngene (Syngene, Cambridge, UK).
RNA isolation and quantitative real-time PCR
Total RNA was isolated from HepG2 cells using TRIzol® reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) dissolved in DEPC-treated water according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA (2 μg) was reverse-transcribed to cDNA using oligo(dT) primers and moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (RT) in a final volume of 20 μl under the conditions recommended by the supplier (Invitrogen). The resulting cDNA was amplified using primers specific for PI3K or β-actin in a total volume of 10 μl. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using a Roche LightCycler 480 PCR system using SYBR green fluorescence. The expression level of PI3K was normalized to that of β-actin, which was used as a specific endogenous control. Primer sequences used were as follows:
PI3K forward 5′-TGG ACG GCG AAG TAA AGC ATT-3′, reverse 5′-AGT GTG ACA TTG AGG GAG TCG-3′; β-actin forward 5′-AGC CAT GTA CGT AGC CAT CC-3′, reverse 5′- ACC CTC ATA GAT GGG CAC AG-3′.
Induction of metabolic syndrome in rats and experiment protocol
Male Sprague Dawley rats (180-220 g) were obtained from the Laboratory Animal Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangzhou, Republic of China). Rats were housed in a climate-controlled environment (25±1°C at 50% relative humidity) with 12-h light/12-h dark cycles. Water was available ad libitum. The model rats of metabolic syndrome (MS) were induced by fed a high-fat diet (HFD) consisting of 40% (wt/wt) fat for 12 consecutive weeks, while control rats were fed normal chow. Then the MS rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and treated with distilled water (Group 1), FTZ -H (Group 2), FTZ -M (Group 3), FTZ -L (Group 4) and aspirin (200 mg/kg) (Group 5), respectively. FTZ with 6 g/kg, 3 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg were defined as high, medium and low dosages, respectively. From the fifth week to twelfth week, rats of FTZ groups were treated by FTZ for 8 consecutive weeks. Then the rats were used to measure body weight (BW) and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Subsequently, all the rats were sacrificed and their epididymis and kidney fat were excised for PI3K mRNA assay. The animal care and study protocols were maintained in accordance with the provisions and general recommendation of the Chinese Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals at Guangdong Pharmaceutical University.
Determination of body weight and biochemical indexes
During the animal experiments, body weight (BW) was recorded at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were analyzed using a blood chemistry analyzer (Hitachi 7040).
Assessment of insulin resistance(IR)
Fasting plasma glucose level was measured via glucose oxidase method. Fasting plasma insulin was measured using radioimmunoassay method. IR was assessed according to the homeostasis model assessment index(HOMA-IR) calculated using the following formula: (fasting plasma insulin level[μU/ml] × fasting plasma glucose [mmol/l]) /22.5 [14].
RNA isolation and RT-PCR
Total RNA was isolated from adipose tissue using TRIzol® reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) dissolved in DEPC-treated water according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA (2 μg) was-reverse transcribed to cDNA using oligo (dT) primers and moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (RT) in a final volume of 20 μl under the conditions recommended by the supplier (Invitrogen). For polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of PI3K and β-actin, 1 μl of cDNA template and the following specific primers were used: PI-3K p85 forward 5'-GAA GGC AAC GAG AAG GA-3', reverse 5'-CAC AAG TGT CAG CCA CAT-3' (213bp); β-actin forward 5'-AGA TCT GGC ACC ACA CCT TCT AC-3', reverse 5'-TCA GGA TCT TCA TGA GGT AGT CT-3' (388bp). The reaction cycle conditions were: denaturation at 90°C for 50 s, annealing at 56.1°C for 50 s and extension at 72°C for 50 s. The PCR products were resolved using a 2% agarose gel and visualized with ethidium bromide staining. The expression level of PI3K was normalized to that of β-actin, which was used as a specific endogenous control.
Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS16.0 software. All results are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis was performed via analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test for significance. Differences were considered statistically significant at P< 0.05.
Effect of FTZ on glucose content in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells
The glucose content in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells in culture medium significantly increased compared to that of control cells. After treatment with FTZ (1, 25 and 100 μg/ml), glucose content in the culture medium significantly decreased compared to that of IR cells (P<0.05). RGS (10 μmol/l), used as a positive control drug, was also able to increase glucose content in the culture medium (Figure 1).
Effect of FTZ on glucose content in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells (2 × 105 cells/well) were incubated for 36 h in serum-free DMEM containing 10-6mol/l insulin in the absence or presence of FTZ or RGS. The content of glucose was quantified using a GOD-POD kit. ΔP<0.05 compared to the control cells; *P <0.05 compared to the IR cells.
Effect of FTZ on PI-3K p85 mRNA expression in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells
To evaluate the effect of FTZ on PI-3K p85 mRNA expression, total RNA was extracted from HepG2 cells, and real-time PCR was performed. As shown in Figure 2, PI-3K p85 mRNA expression in HepG2 cells with IR was decreased compared to control cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treatment with FTZ, PI-3K p85 mRNA expression significantly increased compared to IR cells (P<0.05). These results suggest that FTZ induces an insulin sensitizing effect on IR cells through the up-regulation of PI-3K p85 mRNA expression in HepG2 cells (Figure 2).
Effect of FTZ on PI-3K p85 mRNA expression. The expression of PI-3K p85 mRNA was detected via quantitative real-time PCR as described in the text. ΔP <0.05 compared to the control cells; *P <0.05, **P <0.01 compared to the IR cells.
Effect of FTZ on IRS1 protein expression in HepG2 cells with insulin resistance
To elucidate the effects of FTZ, western blot analysis was used to measure IRS1 protein expression in HepG2 cells. As shown in Figure 3, IRS1 protein expression was significantly reduced compared to control cells (P<0.05). After treatment with FTZ, IRS1 protein expression was significantly increased compared to IR cells (P<0.05) (Figure 3).
Effect of FTZ on IRS1 protein expression. The protein expression of IRS1 was detected via western blotting as described in the text. The figure represents one of three experiments with similar results. Lane1, control; Lane2, IR (FTZ 0 μg/ml); Lane3, RGS 10 μmol/l; Lane4, FTZ 100 μg/ml; Lane5, FTZ 25 μg/ml; Lane 6, FTZ 1 μg/ml. ΔP<0.05 compared to the control cells; *P< 0.05 compared to the IR cells.
Effect of FTZ on body weight of MS rats
After the rats were fed a high-fat diet for 12 continuous weeks, our results indicated that the body weight of MS rats was significantly higher than that of control rats (P <0.05, P <0.01). After high, medium or low dosage FTZ treatment for 4 consecutive weeks (equivalent to the rats fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks), the body weight of the rats in the FTZ groups was significantly reduced compared to that of MS rats. After FTZ treatment for 8 consecutive weeks (equivalent to the rats fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks), the high, medium and low dosage FTZ-treated groups all possessed body weights which were significantly reduced compared to the MS rats. (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) (Figure 4).
Effect of FTZ on body weight of MS rats (g). The body weight was recorded at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Aspirin (10 ml/kg/day), used as a positive control drug, was able to decrease body weight of MS rats. Data are mean ± SE (n = 10 for each group); *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared to the control rats; ΔP<0.05 compared to the MS rats.
Effect of FTZ on blood biochemical index of MS rats
Compared to the control rats, the levels of serum TG and TC in MS rats were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the level of serum HDL-C was significantly reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treatment with FTZ, the serum levels of TG and TC in MS rats were significantly reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the serum level of HDL-C was significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). These results revealed that FTZ could alter the serum levels of lipids in MS rats (Figure 5a-c).
Blood biochemical indexes (cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-C) of MS rats. Blood samples were collected from the orbital sinus, and cholesterol (a), triglyceride (b), HDL-C (c) levels were measured following administration of FTZ at 6 g/kg/day, 3 g/kg/day or 1.5 g/kg/day, aspirin (AS) at 10 ml/kg/day or saline (control rats) for 8 consecutive weeks in high-fat diet-treated rats. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared to the control rats; ΔP<0.05, ΔΔP<0.01 compared to the MS rats.
Effect of FTZ on fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR index in MS rats
Compared to the control rats, levels of fasting glucose and insulin, as well as the HOMA-IR index, were significantly higher in MS rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treatment with the high dosage of FTZ or aspirin, the levels of fasting glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR index were all significantly reduced compared to the MS rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treatment with the medium dosage of FTZ, the fasting glucose level and the HOMA-IR index were significantly reduced compared to the MS rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treatment with the low dosage of FTZ, the HOMA-IR index was significantly reduced compared to the MS rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01) (Figure 6).
Other blood biochemical indexes (fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR index) of MS rats. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level was measured via the glucose oxidase method. Fasting plasma insulin (FPI) in rats was measured using a radioimmunoassay method. To quantify the insulin resistance index, the following formula was used: HOMA-IR = {(FPG*FPI)/22.5}. **P<0.01 compared to the control rats; ΔP<0.05 compared to the MS rats.
Effect of FTZ on PI-3K p85 mRNA expression in adipose tissue
To evaluate the effect of FTZ on PI-3K p85 mRNA expression, we performed RT-PCR in the adipose tissue of rats. As shown in Figure 7, compared to the control rats, the MS rats produced a lower expression level of PI-3K p85 mRNA (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Administration of either aspirin or FTZ, the expression of PI-3K p85 mRNA was increased compared to the MS rats (Figure 7).
Effect of FTZ on PI-3K p85 mRNA expression. The expression of PI-3K p85 mRNA was detected via RT-PCR as described in the text. *P<0.05 compared to the control rats; ΔP <0.05, ΔΔP<0.01 compared to the MS rats.
This study revealed that the Chinese herbal formula FTZ could attenuate MS symptoms by decreasing the content of glucose and lipids, and well as the insulin resistance index. Additionally, its effects were possibly mediated through increased expression of PI-3Kp85 mRNA and IRS1 protein in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and MS rats. Insulin resistance has been suggested as an underlying cause of MS, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In our study, HepG2 cells were used as an insulin resistance model to investigate the effect of FTZ on glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. HepG2 cells express PI-3Kp85 and IRS1 genes, which are involved in the insulin signaling pathway [15, 16]. Therefore, these cells have been widely used to analyze glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance [17, 18].
Defects in the insulin signaling cascade, which lead to impaired glucose utilization, were believed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance [19]. It is conceivable that IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in response to insulin stimulation generally increased the association of IRS-1 with PI 3-kinase, resulting in increased PI 3-kinase activity, which in turn led to activation of serine/threonine kinase protein B (PKB or Akt) and, ultimately, to an enhancement in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal [20]. Our research results revealed that the insulin receptor was impaired, producing an insulin-resistant state in HepG2 cells under high insulin conditions. The expression of the IRS-1 protein and IRS-1-associated PI-3K activity in HepG2 cells were significantly decreased. After treatment with FTZ, the expression of IRS-1 protein and PI-3K mRNA were partially restored. Here, we revealed that the FTZ-mediated recovery of insulin action was related to the improvement of the IRS-1/PI 3-kinase signaling pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. It appears that a FTZ-mediated improvement in post-receptor insulin signaling may have induced the subsequent increase in insulin sensitivity.
In our study, MS model rats were induced via high-fat diet feeding for 4 weeks. This model exhibited hyperinsulinemia, obesity, decreased insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia and other features [21]. In our study, the MS rats exhibited increased body weight, levels of serum TG and total cholesterol, fasting glucose and plasma insulin, as well as an increased insulin resistance index. This was consistent with previous studies, such as I-Min Liu et al. [22]. After treatment with FTZ, body weight, levels of serum TG and TC, fasting glucose and plasma insulin and the insulin resistance index were significantly reduced compared to MS rats. FTZ treatment also enhanced the activity of PI3K in adipose tissue compared to MS rats.
Our study suggested that FTZ might ameliorate insulin resistance and treat MS. This effect might be associated with the compounds which it contained. It has been reported that oleanolic acid (OA) in Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton decreased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and free fatty acids, increased serum HDL and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation. Furthermore, inflammation in db/db mice was improved by OA, as evidenced by decreased levels of IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the circulation and in the liver. These results suggested that OA improved hepatic insulin resistance via inhibition of mitochondrial ROS, hypolipidemia and anti-inflammatory effects [23]. Ginsenoside Re in Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen reduced insulin resistance via activation of the PPAR-γ pathway by directly increasing the expression of PPAR-γ2 and its responsive genes, adiponectin, IRS-1 and ap2, inhibiting TNF-α production and facilitating the translocation of GLUT4 to promote glucose uptake and disposal in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [24]. Berberine in Coptis chinensis Franch. improved insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and the recruitment of p85 to IRS-1. The ameliorated insulin signal transduction was related to berberine-mediated inhibition of mTOR, which attenuated serine phosphorylation of IRS-1. These results suggested that berberine might ameliorate insulin resistance by modulating key molecules in the insulin signaling pathway, leading to increased glucose uptake in insulin-resistant cells [25]. Therefore, we suspect that these ingredients might explain the role of FTZ in ameliorating insulin resistance.
In conclusion, our study indicated that FTZ could decrease serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose and increase serum HDL-C, thereby reactivating the insulin-stimulated IRS1/PI3K pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and up-regulating PI3K expression in adipose tissue. Therefore, the beneficial effects of FTZ on insulin resistance suggest that this decoction may be a promising therapeutic for MS and insulin resistance.
FTZ:
Fu Fang Zhen Zhu Tiao Zhi formula
IR:
IRS1:
Insulin receptor substrate-1
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
TG:
TC:
Total cholesterol
HDL-C:
HDL-cholesterol
FPG:
Fasting plasma glucose
FPI:
Fasting plasma insulin
HOMA-IR:
Homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance index.
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Cao Y, Bei W, Hu Y, Cao L, Huang L, Wang L, Luo D, Chen Y, Yao X, He W, Liu X, Guo J: Hypocholesterolemia of Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids is related to the bile acid by up-regulated CYP7A1 in hyperlipidemic rats. Phytomedicine. 2012, 19: 686-692. 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.03.011.
Tong G, Jiao G, Wei H: The clinical observation of Fufang Zhenshu Tiaozhi on hyperlipemia. Journal of Shandong University of TCM. 2006, 30: 204-206.
Guo J, Bei WJ, Tang CP: The effect of Fufang Zhenshu Tiaozhi extract on hepatic lipase in diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Zhong Yao Cai. 2009, 32: 582-585.
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Wu HY, Bei WJ, Guo J: Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of dyslipidemia. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2009, 6: 119-125.
Guo J, Bei WJ, Hu YM, Tang CP, He W, Liu XB, Huang LH, Cao Y, Hu XG, Zhong XL, Cao L: A new TCM formula FTZ lowers serum cholesterol by regulating HMG-CoA reductase and CYP7A1 in hyperlipidemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011, 135: 299-307. 10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.012.
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Salgado AL, Carvalho L, Oliveira AC, Santos VN, Vieira JG, Parise ER: Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in the differentiation of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy individuals. Arq Gastroenterol. 2010, 47 (2): 165-169. 10.1590/S0004-28032010000200009.
Nakamaru K, Matsumoto K, Taguchi T, Suefuji M, Murata Y, Igata M, Kawashima J, Kondo T, Motoshima H, Tsuruzoe K, Miyamura N, Toyonaga T, Araki E, AICAR: An activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, down-regulates the insulin receptor expression in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005, 328: 449-454. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.004.
Woods A, Zzout-Marniche D, Foretz M, Stein SC, Lemarchand P, Ferre P, Foufelle F, Carling D: Characterization of the role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the regulation of glucose activated gene expression using constitutively active and dominant negative forms of the kinase. Mol Cell Biol. 2000, 20: 6704-6711. 10.1128/MCB.20.18.6704-6711.2000.
Zhou L, Sell H, Eckardt K, Yang Z, Eckel J: Conditioned medium obtained from in vitro differentiated adipocytes and resistin induce insulin resistance in human hepatocytes. FEBSLett. 2007, 581: 4303-4308. 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.076.
Zang M, Zuccollo A, Hou X, Nagata D, Walsh K, Herscovitz H, Brecher P, Ruderman NB, Cohen RA: AMP-activated protein kinase is required for the lipid-lowering effect of metformin in insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells. J Biol Chem. 2004, 279: 47898-47905. 10.1074/jbc.M408149200.
Shulman GI: Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2000, 106: 171-176. 10.1172/JCI10583.
Carvalho E, Rondinone C, Smith U: Insulin resistance in fat cells from obese Zucker rats-evidence for an impaired activation and translocation of protein kinase B and glucose transporter 4. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000, 206: 7-16. 10.1023/A:1007009723616.
Stanhope KL, Havel PJ: Fructose consumption: potential mechanisms for its effects to increase visceral adiposity and induce dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2008, 19: 16-24. 10.1097/MOL.0b013e3282f2b24a.
Liu I-M, Tzeng T-F, Liou S-S: A Chinese herbal decoction, Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang, prepared from Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae sinensis, Ameliorates insulin resistance induced by a high-fructose diet in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011, 2011: 1-11.
Wang X, Liu R, Zhang W, Zhang X, Liao N, Wang Z, Li W, Qin X, Hai C: Oleanolic acid improves hepatic insulin resistance via antioxidant, hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2013, 376: 70-80. 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.014.
Yang G, Min-fei Y, Ya-ping S, Hui-min J, Xiao-juan Y, Yin-jing Y, Hai-long Z: Ginsenoside Re reduces insulin resistance through activation of PPAR-γ pathway and inhibition of TNF-α production. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013, 147: 509-516. 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.057.
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This study was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences Funds, Republic of China (nos.81173626,2011), Guangdong Province-Chinese Education Ministry Industry, Education and Research Cooperation Project (no. 2011B090400379), Guangdong Province Natural Sciences Funds Research Team Project(no. 10351022401000000).
Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Level 3 Lab of Lipid Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM key laboratory for metabolic diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR, China
Xuguang Hu
, Man Wang
, Weijian Bei
, Zongyu Han
& Jiao Guo
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Correspondence to Jiao Guo.
Dr. J.Guo and Xuguang Hu designed the study. Man Wang carried out experiments. Bei WJ and Wang LY, participated in the design of study, interpretation of results, and drafted the manuscript. Mr. Shuyan Li, Zongyu Han, Xiuteng Zhou, Le Cao, Hu Yinming, Ms. Wei He, Junhui Peng and Duosheng Luo have took part in the research projects. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Xuguang Hu, Man Wang contributed equally to this work.
Hu, X., Wang, M., Bei, W. et al. The Chinese herbal medicine FTZ attenuates insulin resistance via IRS1 and PI3K in vitro and in rats with metabolic syndrome. J Transl Med 12, 47 (2014) doi:10.1186/1479-5876-12-47
Fu Fang Zhen Zhu Tiao Zhi formula (FTZ)


Our special guest was Bonnie Shields, Family Law Attorney.
Lucy said he daughter is involved in a nasty custody battle. She said the judge is allowing the dad to move to California and is forcing the mom to move there too! We investigated using the case number to dig into court records. What we found is that the mom actually testified that she would be willing to move to California if the courts granted joint custody and the dad moved there. The court ordered a family investigator heavily in favor of the dad's parenting. The court said it would be in the kids best interest for the whole family to move to California but did NOT make it a court order for the mom to move. In cases where only one parent moves, the transportation costs are usually born by the parent who moves away.
Bruce and his wife have have had an informal child support arrangement for many years. For those years, he has been letting his ex-wife claim the children as deductions on her tax return. Now that the parenting plan is being formalized and the deductions alternate year-by-year … he wants some credit for the past years where it did not alternate. For example, he'd like to keep the deduction for several years in a row to even things out. Bonnie Shields said parenting plans seldom "give credit" for things done under previous informal arrangements. She said in order to get extra deductions, he'll have to get his ex-wife's to agree.
Steve has an issue that many men have wondered about. He's been divorced since 2016 and was ordered to pay maintenance to his ex-wife until she remarries. She moved in with a guy one month after the divorce but, Steve says, she is purposely not getting married in order to continue to collect maintenance! Bonnie Shields said that he can challenge her marital status if he can show evidence that they are, in fact, married. She said proof is not always a formal marriage but could take the form of "common law" or other joint arrangements showing they are a married couple.
Dave remarried and adopted his step daughter six years ago. He wants to know if his wife can go after her ex-husband for back child support stemming back 15-years. Bonnie Shields said, "Yes." She said it's not too difficult to get back support converted to a judgement, which can then be pursued by any collection attorney.
Cheryl is one of many people who have contacted us regarding "fake stem cell" therapy from Dr. Dean Jones (a chiropractor), who ran Denver Spine & Posuture (by the way he has since changed his business name). We are in the midst of investigating his office and other chiropractic offices claiming to give stem cell therapy, when in actuality they are merely providing amniotic fluid, void of effective numbers of living stem cells.


•	You can speak to the union in the event which you are an enrolled junior artist with a membership card at the off risk that the throwing chiefs request that you do greater time without a valid extra time.
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How can I get artist card?
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Be watchful about not paying something within the occasion which you get a mail quickly after making use of on line with the portfolio, asserting your dedication and not using a form of try out. Likewise within the occasion that they request which you pay extra than Rs. 3000 they're nicely on the way to be con artists.


text:
August 27, 2022 Muazam Sapru News & Events
How Can The Government Support Youth Towards Climate Action?
"If we let them, young people will be the world's most powerful solution."
~Denise Dunning
Dealing with climate-induced damages needs an all-encompassing approach. Youth participation in decision-making could play a critical role in addressing climate challenges.
According to UN, there are 1.2 billion young people aged 15 to 24 years, accounting for 16 per cent of the global population. By 2030, the target date for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that make up the 2030 Agenda, the number of youth is projected to have grown by 7 per cent, to nearly 1.3 billion. Different reports, such as the Ministry of Climate Change and UNDP, Youth and Climate Change Perception's Report show that the youth of Pakistan are quite aware of climate change and its impacts and they are willing to act if provided with the necessary skills, knowledge, and support.
One of the most important global concerns of our time is climate change. Recent occurrences around the world have unequivocally shown how vulnerable we are to climate change. The effects of climate change range from impacting agriculture, jeopardizing food security, sea-level rise, damage to infrastructure, and intensifying natural disasters (flash floods, landslides, and similar). Every person in the world is affected by climate change, but the severe consequences will be strongly felt by today's youth and children who will remain the see further damages. To address the issue, we need to engage youth in combating it. Youth can play a critical role in the fight against climate change.
Here are three things that governments may do to incorporate youth in the fight against climate change.
Give awareness, engage and harness the skills of youth
National and international organizations, in collaboration with the government, can start an awareness campaign, nationwide. Though youth are aware of social and environmental issues they are not aware of their impacts on their lives, especially in rural areas. So, before starting to act, to counter climate-related issues, they must be given knowledge and equipped with the necessary skills. The kill gap is one of the biggest hurdles in tackling climate challenges.
There is evidence that youth are doing on their own to address climate change. They must be encouraged to contribute to the current framework for tackling climate change and provided finances to make it sustainable. They must be encouraged to contribute to the current framework for tackling climate change and provided finances to make it sustainable. Youth can be educated through conferences, workshops, campaigns, and webinars.
Encourage youth-led social enterprises
Young people (aged 15-34) around the world, are driving initiatives to create a greener society and developing eco-friendly products and services. For example, Zaymal Umer, a nine-year Pakistani social entrepreneur started a project called Zee Bags, an initiative that makes reusable bags using old newspapers. This not only creates jobs but also the environment friendly. Likewise, there are numerously credible and scalable creative solutions that exist but require assistance. Corporations, local NGOs, INGOs, investors, businesses, and governments must provide grants, interest-free loans, venture capital, or other forms of in-kind support to youth-led social enterprises to combat climate change.
Involve young people in decision making
My generation has largely failed until now to preserve both justice in the world and to preserve the planet. It is your generation that must make us be accountable to make sure that we don't betray the future of humankind.
António Guterres – United Nations Secretary-General,
For climate action to be effective, everyone must be able to contribute their fair share. Over the coming decades, young people will be crucial, thus it is crucial for governments, businesses, and leaders to support and inspire them to take an active role in the global battle against climate change. Young people's inclusion should not be a secondary consideration in order for climate-related decision-making to be inclusive and all-encompassing.
Given the population of young people around the world, it is indispensable to educate, train, finance, and include youth in the policy-making process.
Tagged activism, climate change, communication, environment, Interviews, rethinking climate, UNFCCC, united nations, youth
Published by Muazam Sapru
Muazam is a social entrepreneur and actively working for Agenda 2030 in rural areas by community engagement and capacity building of individuals, CO and increase youth participation in policy-making process. View all posts by Muazam Sapru
[21] Inquinare Con Interessi: In Conversazione Con Antonio Cianciullo
The European Union Moves Towards Taking Action Against "SLAPPs"


Intra-articular corticosteroid injections provide the short-term decrease in osteoarthritis (OA) pain and can be recognized as an addition to main treatment for the relief of moderate to severe pain in people with OA. This study highlighted the performance of intra-articular injections in OA patients and found an association between patterns of injection use and patient-reported symptoms.
Knee OA accounts for more than 80% of the disease's total burden. Intra-articular corticosteroid injections have shown to provide the short-term decrease in OA pain and is identified as an adjuvant to the main treatment for relieving moderate to severe pain in people with OA.
The study aimed to describe and evaluate the longitudinal use of intra-articular injections after treatment initiation among adults with radiographically confirmed knee OA.
Using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), the study included participants with radiographically confirmed OA (Kellgren–Lawrence grade (K–L) ≥ 2) in ≥1 knee at baseline.
With 9 years of data, 412 participants newly initiating hyaluronic acid or corticosteroid injections with their index visit were identified. For each type of injection, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were described by patterns of treatments (one-time use, switched, or continued injections). Multinomial logistic models estimated the extent to which patient-reported symptoms (post-initial injection and changes over time) were associated with patterns of injection use.
Of those initiating injections, ∼19% switched, ∼21% continued injection type, and ∼60% did not report any additional injections.
For participants initiating corticosteroid injections, greater symptoms post-initial injection was associated with lower odds of continued use compared to one-time users (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain: 0.91; 95%, confidence interval (CI): 0.83 to 0.99; stiffness: 0.77; CI: 0.63 to 0.94; physical function: 0.97; CI: 0.94 to 1.00). Symptom changes over time (e.g., worsened or improved) were not associated with patterns of injections use.
After treatment initiation, the proportion of patients switching injection use and one-time users was substantial. Symptoms post-initial injection appear to be associated with patterns of injection use. The extent to which these patterns are an indication of lack of impact on patient-reported symptoms and should be explored further.


Rotor Riots foray into the hardware world began with the original Hypetrain Freestyle motor, and continues here with a pilot edition motor in the higher Kv range. Build quality is essentially the same as the previous motor, but some upgrades to the motor shaft strength, bearings (from NSK to EZO bearings), and retaining screw (12.9 steel with 2.5mm hex drive) for the shaft have been made since the prototypes I initially tested. One other important point to note that is specific to the "Le Drib" edition of this motor is that the windings have been swapped to multistrand silver wire rather than single strand. There are some theoretical advantages to having more skin are as the RPMs get higher and switching speeds increase, so this is an interesting choice.
The design decisions that went into the orginal Freestyle motor resulted in a solid balance of power, efficeincy, and smoothness, so I was curious to see how that would translate into other Kv. This higher Kv edition of the motor didn't disappoint on any of those fronts, retaining the smoothness power, but adding the extra response from the extra Kv. The measured Kv tested a bit higher than stated, coming in just over 2700kv. The results reflect this with even dual bladed 5" props easily clearing 1300g of thrust. For the power, efficiency is still solid for this motor, though it does loose some ground over its mid-Kv sibling at least at peak power. At equivalent thrust, efficiency is still essentially identical. Because of the high Kv and resulting maximum power consumption, this motor is going to do best on lower pitch, lighter loaded props, though up to 4.5 pitch triblades may be feasible with the right throttle management. The higher Kv on a lighter loaded prop here will give a very different throttle curve, even compared to the mid-Kv Hypetrain on a heavier prop that generates equivalent thrust, generating more snap, a bit more immediate response, and an overall sharper stick feel. Overall this is an intersting addition, adding some great functional diversity to the Hyptrain lineup.


How to manage the initialization parameters when the database start.
By default, the preconfigured database uses a parameter file (spfile) named spfilesid.ora, which is stored in the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory (dbs stands for database) .
However, if you choose Automatic Storage Management for the database, Database Configuration Assistant typically uses the same storage mechanism for the server parameter file.
Enterprise Manager displays a table listing the value of each initialization parameter specified in the server parameter file. The location of the server parameter file is displayed on top of the page.


So, now we're on to the second draft. What I do when writing the first is make notes in Scrivener (my word processor of choice) because I'm a pantser and the plot evolves as I go. But because of that, changes occur which create plot holes etc I do not, and let me stress this, DO NOT EDIT A FIRST DRAFT. I never go back once a chapter is written. Ever. I keep on going and make notes on what to change or add.
Now, when I start the second draft, I look at said notes and go in order. This means, starting from the beginning and making sure the story is clear and concise. I change the things I need to change, add dialogue, fix plot holes, and make sure there's no continuity issues. SECONDS DRAFTS, for me, DO NOT INCLUDE EDITING GRAMMAR, SENTENCE STRUCTURE, etc No. This is about the story ONLY. If I see something, sure, I'll fix it really quick, but I don't focus on it. My mind is set on the plot and making sure I'm telling a good story.
Second drafts usually take me anywhere from one to two weeks, depending on how many notes I've made throughout the first draft. In this particular case, it took me about a week to add and change what I needed to.
My novel went from 74k to 94k in just a week's time.
Now, it's third draft time!


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text:
Q: how to store two variables strings in 2d array in php I'm working with multi-dimensional arrays in PHP. I want to store two string values in a two dimensional array. I have tried the following code:
$arr[][]=['string1']['string2'];

I have also tried:
$arr[][]="string1","string2";

Due to the comma I have a syntax error.
How can I fix this?

A: $arr = [];
$arr[] = ['string1'];
$arr[] = ['string2'];

// or simply
// $arr = [['string1'], ['string2']];

print_r($arr);

// output:
Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => string1 ) [1] => Array ( [0] => string2 ) )

If you want 'string1' and 'string2' to be the key and subkey in an array then you use:
$arr = [];
$arr['string1']['string2'] = 'somevalue';

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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After all of these adventures, we'll relax and wind down with luxury massage treatments from a local spa, one of the best spas in Niseko.
Hope to literally move into one of these hot springs, cause Japan in February is cold!!
We will have to check out the local wild life!
We will also absorb some culture and not just eat and drink the whole time!
Eat at a Restaurant ran by Robots!
Tokyo has many different and unique dining experiences and we would like to be able to experience tons of them!!
Here we go! Toad always win!!
Mark loves Samurai Swords and this looks pretty awesome!
The original and most awesome Cat Cafe!!
We hope to travel by train around Japan to ride on the famous Bullet Train!
Lift tickets let us go up the mountain without hiking. If we hiked up, Mark would probably end up carrying Megan's skis and make fun of her for being a princess for the rest of the trip, destroying our chance at marital bliss forever.
We love sushi! Tokyo has one of the world's premier fish markets. We'd like to get shown around by a local and learn how to bid on tuna.


text:
Live Your Best Life in Aggieland with T.D. Jakes
Entrepreneur and motivational speaker T.D. Jakes is the next big face to appear at North Carolina A&T State University this spring to speak on "Living Your Best Life."
Jakes–an entrepreneur, inspirational speaker, and CEO–will make his way to Greensboro in a few weeks to speak about "Living Your Best Life," to about 4,000 Greensboro community members and students.
The Harold L. Martin Sr. Chancellor's Series, which has brought many well-known faces to the campus of N.C. A&T is bringing yet another notable figure to Aggieland.
Jakes is well-known for many things, including his ministry work at The Potter's House: a non-denominational, multicultural church and global humanitarian organization, in Dallas, Texas; his daytime talk show, the TD Jakes Show; his films such as Woman Thou Art Loosed; and his books, like Soar! Build Your Vision from the Ground Up.
When the news was first announced, many students took to social media to share their excitement. Twitter user @LiveLaughZoe quoted the announcement tweet with, "Oh this is gonna be epic." Alana Vallen, Aggie Alum responded to the tweet, "#AggiePride! I love
@BishopJakes."
The students' excitement branched further off of social media.
Some students, like senior architectural engineering student Tyler White, have been Jakes fans for a while now. "I actually watch Bishop Jakes every day," White said, "while he's here, I just want to hear something inspirational to get me to graduation. I've never been to a Chancellor's series, but I am looking forward to it."
While the hype around the Chancellor's Series is abundant, it is nothing new. The series initiative was first launched by Chancellor Martin on April 27th, 2017 with the purpose to bring notable personalities to A&T's campus to discuss society, current world topics, and the importance of community beyond the university. The series premiered with ABC Star Daymond John, one of the well-known investors on the show "Shark Tank" appearing on campus to discuss financial literacy, entrepreneurship, and success. In the past, Chancellor Martin has brought many other distinguished figures, such as Jemele Hill and Common to the campus of A&T.
"I've been to see Common and Daymond John for the Chancellor's Series since I started here at NCAT. I really enjoy the series and every speaker that comes gives really good insight," junior Christopher Lyles said.
With such influential figures making appearances on campus, students consider who they'd like to see next on the Chancellor's Speakers Series.
"I would love to see 44 [Barack Obama] or FLOTUS 44 [Michelle Obama] come next," White wished.
"I feel like I'd like to see Eric Thomas make an appearance on the series. He always has a lot of insightful things to say," Lyles stated.
The event will take place at the Corbett Sports Center on April 11th, at 6 PM. Students can get one free downloadable ticket by visiting the N. C. A
&T homepage,
www.ncataggies.com. Tickets for the general public are available for $44 at the University Ticket Office in Brown Hall.
Love on a Budget: How College Couples Spend Valentine's Day
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University of Chicago Press, 9780226424385, 304pp.
A year in Paris . . . since World War II, countless American students have been lured by that vision—and been transformed by their sojourn in the City of Light. Dreaming in French tells three stories of that experience, and how it changed the lives of three extraordinary American women.
Kaplan takes readers into the lives, hopes, and ambitions of these young women, tracing their paths to Paris and tracking the discoveries, intellectual adventures, friendships, and loves that they found there. For all three women, France was far from a passing fancy; rather, Kaplan shows, the year abroad continued to influence them, a significant part of their intellectual and cultural makeup, for the rest of their lives. Jackie Kennedy carried her love of France to the White House and to her later career as a book editor, bringing her cultural and linguistic fluency to everything from art and diplomacy to fashion and historic restoration—to the extent that many, including Jackie herself, worried that she might seem "too French." Sontag found in France a model for the life of the mind that she was determined to lead; the intellectual world she observed from afar during that first year in Paris inspired her most important work and remained a key influence—to be grappled with, explored, and transcended—the rest of her life. Davis, meanwhile, found that her Parisian vantage strengthened her sense of political exile from racism at home and brought a sense of solidarity with Algerian independence. For her, Paris was a city of political commitment, activism, and militancy, qualities that would deeply inform her own revolutionary agenda and soon make her a hero to the French writers she had once studied.
Alice Kaplan is the author of French Lessons: A Memoir, The Collaborator, The Interpreter, and Dreaming in French: The Paris Years of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy, Susan Sontag, and Angela Davis, and the translator of OK, Joe, The Difficulty of Being a Dog, A Box of Photographs, and Palace of Books. Her books have been twice finalists for the National Book Critics Circle Awards, once for the National Book Award, and she is a winner of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. She holds the John M. Musser chair in French literature at Yale. She lives in Guilford, Connecticut.
"The #1 nonfiction book to look out for this spring."
"An enduring group profile of three influential yet completely different American women, for each of whom Paris played a short but transformative role, over three tumultuous decades. . . . The much-admired Kaplan focuses sharply on three women of successive generations, providing a keen feminist-cultural picture of Paris's enduring, if varied, impact."
"A fascinating group portrait of three different women from three different generations whose trajectories nevertheless converge in one surprising yet significant place: Paris. In this lively, original biographie à trois, Alice Kaplan shows how time spent living in the French capital and learning about its culture gave each of these sui generis heroines 'her own ideas of what counted'—and how those ideas in turn became an indelible part of the American political and cultural landscape."
"An eloquent, brilliant, and often moving portrayal of three remarkable women whose personal and intellectual engagement with France transformed them, and by extension America as well. These intimate narratives of Jaqueline Kennedy, Susan Sontag, and Angela Davis feel not only vital, but also necessary to our understanding of their moral, aesthetic and political development, and just as importantly, to our understanding of each as a remarkable, flawed, and complicated human being."
"Alice Kaplan's triple portrait of three iconic mid-century American women, dazzles beyond our evergreen fascination with the wildly disparate lives of Jacqueline Bouvier, Susan Sontag and Angela Davis. Her lens--the 'junior year abroad'--proves to be a brilliantly revealing cultural magnifying glass. With her meticulous scholarship, a novelist's gimlet eye for detail and the sheer grace of her writing, Kaplan has given us an original and now essential model of that enduring American narrative--the American in Paris."
"Superbly perceptive. . . . Kaplan is a master at . . . selecting just the right aspect of everyday experience to illuminate an important point she wants to make. . . . Some books are well-written on a sentence-by-sentence basis; you leaf back through the pages to find you've underscored choice lines. Dreaming in French is the sort of book where you (well, I) draw vertical lines next to entire paragraphs. Kaplan produces some exquisite lines, yes, but she is positively incandescent on the level of thoughts and observations."
"Lively. . . . The links Kaplan makes between these cultures and these women deliver fascinating insight to the conditions and changes surging through not only these particular lives, but those of Americans in general."
"Gossip is one of the key pleasures--but far from the only one--to be found in Alice Kaplan's absorbing new book. . . . It's a book, to some extent, about the desirability of abandoning or attenuating one's Americanness."
"Dreaming in French is, in essence a collection of three short, stand-alone biographies. But Kaplan is a talented historian, journalist, and storyteller, and so she's crafted a book greater than the sum of its parts. . . . An informative, well-written work of biographical nonfiction."
"An elegant and entertaining work."
"In this well-written triple biographical bite of a magical time in the lives of three ambitious women, Alice Kaplan plumbs the cultural vein that enticed a debutante, an intellectual and a political activist to the same smoky streets of Paris."
"Kaplan admirably lets the three women often speak for themselves, through interviews, diaries or autobiographies. The portions on Bouvier are the most fun."
"'We will always have Paris': Bogart's classic line from Casablanca could easily be applied to the three American women woven into a highly original triple micro-biography. Beyond their nationality, what could Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy, Susan Sontag, and Angela Davis have in common? Each of them spent a year studying in Paris and left the city transformed by it. Documented and written like a novel, this womanly and erudite walking tour is as gratifying as a Woody Allen movie set in Paris."
"Kaplan follows these women's singular trajectories in lively and brilliantly lucid prose."


Green Job Hazards: Waste Management and Recycling: Cardboard Baling - Young Workers The request to this fragment failed.
The Department of Labor is committed to helping young workers find positive, appropriate and safe employment experiences. The youth employment provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) [PDF*] were enacted to protect the educational opportunities of minors and prohibit their employment in jobs and under conditions which are detrimental to their health or well-being. These provisions include restrictions on the types of jobs that minors may perform.
One such provision, Hazardous Occupations Order No. 12 (HO 12) [PDF*], generally prohibits minors less than 18 years of age from loading, operating, and unloading certain power-driven paper processing machines, including scrap paper balers, paper box compactors, guillotine paper cutters or shears, platen printing presses, and envelope die-cutting presses. The prohibitions concerning balers and compactors extend to equipment that processes other materials in addition to paper, such as trash, foam rubber, metal, food waste, plastic and fabric.
The Fair Labor Standards Act [PDF*] prohibits workers under the age of 18 from operating cardboard baling machines.


Harish Rao leads rally of 200 tractors to Pragathi Nivedik..
Minister Harish Rao is leading a rally of 200 tractors to Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) Pragathi Nivedika Sabha, being held tomorrow at Kongarakalan of Ibrahimpatnam mandal in Rangareddy district. There is an unprecedented response to the huge public meeting, from farmers, workers and activists from all districts, who are coming voluntarily, he said. Some key announcements are expected to be made by KCR at the meeting. The progressive schemes and works introduced and taken forward by the party would be explained at the meeting.


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text:
Prosper François Môquet, né le  à Chanteloup (Manche) et mort le  à Bréhal (Manche), est un homme politique français.

Biographie
Fils de petits agriculteurs de la Manche, Prosper Môquet est garçon de ferme quand, lors de la Première Guerre mondiale, il est envoyé au front en 1916, à l'âge de . Il est incorporé au  d'infanterie de ligne à Caen, puis il rejoint le  d'infanterie sur la Somme. Il est blessé à Fère-en-Tardenois le .

Démobilisé en , il s'installe à Paris et se fait embaucher comme cheminot sur le réseau de l'État. Le , Prosper Môquet se marie avec Juliette Marguerite Marie Thelot, à Saint-Loup dans la Manche. Il milite à partir de 1923 au syndicat CGTU et devient à partir de 1933 délégué du personnel, délégué à la sécurité, membre de la commission administrative, puis secrétaire adjoint de la fédération unitaire des cheminots lors de la fusion entre CGT et CGTU.

Entré au Parti communiste français en 1926, il est élu député de la Seine pour la circonscription du  de Paris en 1936. Arrivé en deuxième position au premier tour derrière le candidat de l'entente républicaine Fourès, il est élu au second tour avec 54,92 % des voix.

Lors du déclenchement de la guerre d'Espagne, durant l'été 1936, il se déplace à Hendaye avec sa famille « pour assurer la liaison avec les camarades [communistes] espagnols ».

À la Chambre des députés, il fait partie de plusieurs commissions : aéronautique, comptes et économie, législation civile et criminelle. Il intervient dans la discussion du budget pour l'exercice de 1939, où il soutient un amendement relatif aux sanctions consécutives à la grève du . Il dépose une demande d'interpellation sur la situation des réfugiées des brigades internationales dans les camps de concentration.

À la suite de la dissolution du Parti communiste par le gouvernement Daladier, le , il ne dénonce pas le pacte germano-soviétique et participe à la constitution légale du Groupe ouvrier et paysan français en remplacement du groupe communiste à la Chambre des députés.
Député membre de ce nouveau groupe, il est arrêté le  et déchu de son mandat le . Dans le cadre du procès à huis clos contre  de ce groupe, il est condamné le , par le  militaire de Paris, avec 35 autres de ses camarades, à cinq ans de prison,  d'amende et cinq ans de privation de ses droits civiques et politiques, pour  et propagation des

Prosper Môquet est déporté en , avec les 26 autres députés du « Chemin de l'Honneur », au bagne de Maison-Carrée en Algérie. C'est pendant son incarcération qu'il apprend que son fils Guy, âgé de , militant communiste lui aussi, a été fusillé le  à Châteaubriant. Traumatisé par le décès de Guy Môquet, le second fils de Prosper et Juliette Môquet, Serge Michel Môquet, décède le  d'une méningite.

Libéré en  après le débarquement allié en Afrique du Nord et l'arrivée de De Gaulle à Alger, il devient après la guerre, député de l'Yonne d' à .

Le , Prosper Môquet et son épouse sont victimes d'un accident de voiture lors duquel Juliette Môquet trouve la mort.

Prosper Môquet se remarie en 1960 et adopte la fille de son épouse âgée alors de sept ans.

Mandats
  -  : député de la Seine - communiste.
  -  : député de l'Yonne - communiste.
  -  : député de l'Yonne - communiste.
  -  : député de l'Yonne - communiste.

Notes et références

Sources
 .
 Dictionnaire des parlementaires français, tome VII, Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 1972.

Liens externes

 Claude Baudry, , L'Humanité, .
 Édouard Launet, , Libération, .

Militaire français de la Première Guerre mondiale
Syndicaliste de la CGTU
Député membre du Parti communiste français
Député de la Seine (Troisième République)
Député de la seizième législature de la Troisième République
Membre de l'Assemblée constituante de 1945
Membre de l'Assemblée constituante de 1946
Député de la première législature de la Quatrième République
Député de l'Yonne
Personnalité liée à la région Normandie
Déporté de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Naissance en janvier 1897
Naissance dans la Manche
Décès en juillet 1986
Décès dans la Manche
Décès à 89 ans
Prisonnier à la prison de Maison-Carrée
Prisonnier français

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
MOOCs For Development
Introduction to Social Media Marketing - 3
Social Media has become a buzz word, and it is a vital part of business around the world. There are over 4.74 billion people on social media networks that constitute more than half of the people on earth. Such a boom in social media offers an opportunity for individuals, businesses, governments, social organisations and communities to share, connect and communicate without any geographical boundaries. Many organisations have already started leveraging the power of social media in business communication and marketing. This course has been designed to provide you with a full understanding of how to plan, manage and execute a successful social media strategy using various online platforms. Participants will gain fundamental knowledge of social media marketing as well a specific skill sets to create, manage, track and monitor social media marketing campaigns using social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube.
Introduction to Social Media Marketing and Strategy
Learners will investigate social media marketing and plan effective strategies for social media by:
Understanding the fundamentals of social media marketing;
Exploring various social media platforms; and
Developing a draft social media strategy.
Marketing on Facebook: Designing and Managing Facebook Advertising Campaigns
Learners will explore the use of Facebook for marketing by:
Identifying the strengths and features of Facebook that make it a powerful platform;
Taking a step-by-step approach to build Facebook page for marketing; and
Designing and evaluating an effective Facebook Campaign.
Advertising on Twitter: Designing, managing and monitoring Twitter campaigns
Learners will examine the use of Twitter for marketing by:
Understanding the essentials of Twitter for advertisement;
Systematically design advertisements that reach the target audience; and
Creating a business profile and campaign on Twitter.
Advertise on LinkedIn: Setup, Managing and Monitoring Campaigns
Learners will evaluate LinkedIn as a social media for marketing by:
Examining the significance of a professional network for brand awareness and marketing;
Creating a LinkedIn page and optimising for the targeted followers.
Designing LinkedIn marketing campaigns by selecting appropriate objectives and audience.
YouTube Marketing: Designing and Managing YouTube Channel and advertising Campaigns
Learners will actively engage in learning the potential of YouTube for social media marketing by:
Creating a YouTube channel for advertisement;
Using Google Ads for improving the performance of campaigns; and
Finalise a Social Media marketing strategy for specific contexts.
This course is designed for anyone interested in understanding and developing insights to use social media for marketing and communication. However, people engaged in start-ups, budding entrepreneurs, small-scale business owners, NGOs, Government organisations interested in using social media for the growth of their business or any social cause at local, national or global level, would benefit from this Massive Open Online Course.
Outcomes of this Course
After completion of this course participants are expected to be able to:
Develop social media marketing strategy for achieving organisation goals.
Set up, design and monitor the Facebook Pages and Facebook advertising campaigns.
Create, manage and monitor Twitter marketing campaigns.
Design, monitor and analyse LinkedIn advertising campaigns.
Design and manage YouTube video advertisements campaigns and YouTube channel.
Two levels of certification are available based on your level of participation and completion of the tasks/activities:
Certificate of Participation: requires a minimum score of 60% on at least 3 quizzes (out of 5) and participation in at least 3 discussion forums.
Certificate of Completion: requires a minimum score of 60% on at least 4 quizzes (out of 5), participation in at least 3 discussion forums and successful completion of the assignment in Week 5 (the creation and sharing of a social media strategy)
Dr Tejinderpal Singh is Associate Professor at University Business School, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Dr Singh is a successful MOOC instructor having developed and delivered the 'Digital Marketing' MOOC -- ranked amongst the top 15 online courses worldwide (amongst top 5 in India) by the Class Central on the SWAYAM platform of the Ministry of Education, Government of India. He has over 16 years of teaching and research experience in marketing, e-learning and qualitative research. With a PhD from Punjabi University, Patiala (India), he also serves as Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Marketing and Business Communications (IJMBC). He is a Certified Professional Trainer of Qualitative Data Analysis (ATLAS.ti) and published widely in various journals of national and international repute.
Dr. Tejinderpal Singh, Lead Instructor
Teaching Assistants:
Ms Kriti Aggarwal
Ms. Kajal
Mr. Abhishek Misra
Mr Ashu Monga
Dr. V. Balaji, Vice-President, COL
Dr. Sanjaya Mishra, Director: Education, COL
Ms. Waranuch Tanubamrungsuk, Programme Assistant, COL
Detailed brochure (448.82 KB)
This platform made available
courtesy Commonwealth of Learning
Copyright 2022· All rights reserved


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text:
SWR Special Education PTA
In-Service Tuition Program
State/local Goverment links
https://www.health.ny.gov/community/infants_children/early_intervention: Early Intervention Program Information
https://www.suffolkcountyny.gov/Departments/Health-Services/Children-With-Special-Needs: The Suffolk County Division of Services for Children with Special Needs, including Early Intervention, the Preschool Special Education Program, and the Children with Special Health Care Needs Program.
http://www.p12.nysed.gov/specialed/quality/parents.htm: NY State Education Department Special Education Information for Parents
http://www.p12.nysed.gov/specialed/lawsregs/home.html: Special Education Laws and Regulations
https://opwdd.ny.gov: OPWDD (Office for People with Developmental Disabilities New York) offers an array of services and supports to help people with developmental disabilities live in the home of their choice; find employment and other meaningful activities in which to participate.
http://www.p12.nysed.gov/specialed/publications/register.htm: NYS Office of Special Education Listserv
http://parenttoparentnys.org: Parent to Parent of New York State builds a supportive network of families to reduce isolation and empower those who care for people with developmental disabilities or special healthcare needs to navigate and influence service systems and make informed decisions.
http://www.wrightslaw.com: Accurate, reliable information about special education law, education law and advocacy for children with disabilities.
http://www.theliac.org: The Long Island Advocacy Center, Inc. (THE LIAC) is a private non-for-profit agency dedicated to protecting the legal rights of students and individuals with disabilities.
https://www.facebook.com/groups/longislandspecialeducationparentnetwork: LI Special Education Parent Network Group
https://www.everythingspecialneeds.org: Everything Special Needs is dedicated to helping families with Special Needs children find services and programs that suit their child's needs.
https://chadd.org: Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD); CHADD – Suffolk County Chapter: https://www.chadd.net/chapter/160
https://add.org: Attention Deficit Disorder Association
https://sasiny.org: SASI is a Long Island organization for families affected by autism and aspergers.
http://www.nsasa.org: Nassau Suffolk Autism Society of America
https://www.familyautismnetwork.org: Family Autism Network
https://www.acb.org/resources-parents-and-teachers-blind-and-visually-impaired-children: American Council for the Blind
https://nfb.org: National Federation of the Blind
https://www.helenkeller.org/hksb: Helen Keller Services for the Blind
https://thesocialbrain.org: The Social Brain is a New York State non-profit organization that provides individuals with brain injuries an opportunity to build friendships through socialization and reduce isolation.
Deaf and hearing impaired
https://www.nad.org: National Association of the Deaf
https://deafchildren.org: American Society for Deaf Children
https://betterhearing.org: Better Hearing Institute
https://www.ndss.org: The National Down Syndrome Society
https://gigisplayhouse.org/longisland: Gigi's Playhouse
https://www.thedyslexiainitiative.org: The Dyslexia Initiative
http://www.lidyslexia.org: Long Island Branch of the International Dyslexia Association (IDALIB)
https://www.dyslexiaadvocacyactiongroup.org: Dyslexia Advocacy Action Group
https://www.facebook.com/buildingreaderslongisland: Building Readers Long Island
https://www.epilepsy.com/long-island: Epilepsy Foundation Long Island
learning disabilites
https://www.understood.org: Understood provides support for learning and attention issues.
https://ldaamerica.org: Learning Disabilities Association of America
http://www.ldonline.org: LD OnLine
https://www.lift4kids.org: Long Island Families Together, Inc. (LIFT)
https://www.nami.org: National Alliance on Mental Illness. The Long Island chapter can be found at: https://www.nami-huntington.org
http://ymhproject.org: The Youth Mental Health Project
https://childmind.org: Child Mind Institute is dedicated to transforming the lives of children struggling with mental health and learning disorders.
https://tourette.org: Tourette Syndrome Association of America
https://www.spdfoundation.net: Sensory Processing Disorder Foundation


I hate having to do this as my business is based very much on trust but struggling to fit all clients in and many book and fail to attend. There will now be a £20 missed appointment fee payable by Paypal or Bank Transfer. Sorry Guys.
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