One of the most interesting subjects to study in physics are black holes. These objects first came up as simple theoretical solutions to Einstein's equations, back in 1916. In 1972, the first credible astronomical evidence for black holes come from the observations of Cygnus X-1, some of which were found here at University of Toronto by Charles Thomas Bolton. Astronomical evidence continues to accrue, indicating there is a super-massive black hole at the center of our galaxy.
However, it is far more difficult to probe the strong field physics of gravity and black holes, such as gravitational waves. One experimental approach that has been succesful has been the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). This extremly intricate experiment exploits the fact that graviational waves will stretch and compress spacetime as it propagates. The setup consists of a perpendicular pair of mirrors and a laser beam splitter which sends two beams to bounce off the two mirrors, similar in spirit to the early interferometer of Michelson-Morley that disproved the aether. The interference of the two laser beams will detect any changes in the length of a laser's path as a result of gravitational waves.
In 2015, LIGO made their first detection of gravitational waves with a merging pair of 36 and 29 solar mass black holes. The final mass of the black hole was 62 solar masses with the equivalent of 3 solar masses worth of energy radiated in gravitational waves. This output more power than the output of all the light by all the stars in the observable universe. This was the first ever direction detection of a black hole merger and of gravitational waves themselves! This gives us even more motivation to theoretically probe the physics of black holes.
The first discovered solution to Einstein's equations of general relativity and the most basic black hole is known as the Schwarzschild black hole. This is a neutral, non-rotating, spherically symmetric black hole. Of course, we can make a charged black hole, such as the Reissner-Nordström black hole, or have rotations, such as the Kerr black hole. We can try to imagine creating even more complicated back holes, but we hit a road block. In four dimensions we have no-hair theorems which state that the only quantum numbers for a black hole are the mass, charge(s), and angular momentum. Determining these quantum numbers and other parameters of the merger is part of the information that LIGO wishes to access.
Black holes have two general features, a singularity and an event horizon. In general relativity, the singularity is at the centre of the black hole and it is a curvature singularity. The singularity is expected to be resolved by some quantum gravitational effects if it exists in a complete theory of gravity. The event horizon is even more interesting. This boundary is a surface where the velocity required to escape the gravitational field is equal to the speed of light. Anything inside the event horizon cannot escape and must hit the singularity, so the interior is causally disconnected from the exterior. Since this includes light, the event horizon would then be entirely black. Interestingly enough, there is no curvature singularity at the horizon, although there can be coordinate singularities. This indicates that this bizarre behaviour should be visable classically.
Hawking radiation was derived by Stephen Hawking in 1975. This radiation comes from putting quantum field theory on a fixed curved spacetime background. An intuitive picture for where this radiation comes from is virtual vacuum pairs appearing near the horizon. One will become an infalling particle whereas the particle outside will become a real particle and radiate away. To transition from virtual to real, the paticle must aquire energy, which is taken from the black hole.
Overtime this will cause the black hole to evaporate away, leaving only a thermal bath of particles. Since the black hole radiation is outside the event horizon, it can only depend on the mass, angular momenta, and charges due to the no-hair theorem.
This leads us to what is called Hawking's paradox or the black hole information problem. Suppose we have two textbooks of equivalent mass, one on quantum mechanics and one on general relativity. If we were to throw both books into the black hole, it would cause the same increase in mass to the black hole. But when the black hole radiates, the radiation will only depend on the mass and so the radiation is the same, despite the very different information in the textbooks!
This might not seem like a big problem but it leads to a far more important technical paradox. Suppose that some matter that is initially in a pure state (a state described in quantum mechanics by a single wavefunction) collapses to form a black hole. Due to Hawking radiation, the black hole will lose mass by evaporating. Once the black hole evaporates completely, we are left with a bath of thermal particles. This is clearly in a mixed state (a state that requires a sum of multiple wavefunctions to describe it). However, unitarity of quantum mechanics demands pure states evolve to pure states. Since the theory of quantum mechanics is unitary, we should not see this breaking of unitarity. That is the paradox, which is deeply connected to the information loss I described earlier.
Obviously, this paradox needs to be resolved. Now, Hawking's calculation is a semiclassical, not a full quantum gravity calculation. One might try to solve the paradox by looking at further perturbative quantum corrections to the result. These corrections do not help, as Mathur's Theorem (found in 2009) showed only large order one corrections will be able to unravel the paradox. He did not need to assume a specific quantum gravity theory, only that it has satisfies strong subadditivity (a generic technical property of entropy) and has traditional event horizons (i.e. Hawking pairs created independently). The theorem is a powerful result and limits where we can look for a solution to the paradox. In short, the solution won't be found by considering quantum field theory on a fixed background like Hawking first considered.
One proposal to avoid information loss was called black hole complementarity by t'Hooft and Susskind starting in the '90s. Here complementarity meant that two very different observers would observe different physics, but these observations are underlied by the same physical system. Basically, the idea was that infalling observers would smoothly fall into a black hole but the observers outside would see a unitary process of radiation (i.e. the information is transmitted back). This would require violating monogamy of entanglement in quantum mechanics, as a single Hawking mode would need to be maximally entangled with the interior for the infalling observers and maximally entangled with old radiation in order to restore unitarity. It was argued that the observers would not have enough time to compare each others results, avoiding the violation from being detected.
This was one of the dominant proposals until a major objection to complementarity was raised by Almheiri, Marolf, Polchinski, and Sully (AMPS) in 2012, usually called the firewall argument. AMPS argue that this setup will lead to high energy excitations around the horizon which burns up infalling observers. These excitations form the firewall. However, this firewall breaks the equivalence principle (i.e. the smoothness of the black hole geometry). This lead Hawking to put out a paper suggesting that if firewalls are inevitable, then perhaps black holes do not have event horizons at all!
There have been many other proposals to try to avoid firewalls. Susskind and Maldacena, in 2013, have a proposed resolution to the firewall arguments called ER=EPR. This is a proposal that entanglement between particles (EPR) was actually equivalent to a quantum wormhole connecting the two particles (ER). These wormholes are not traversable but do allow for entanglement to be set up between the two sides. This setup avoids the firewall argument by modifying the interior of the black hole and allowing for smooth horizons and unitary radiation. The state-dependence proposal of Kyriakos Papadodimas and Suvrat Raju, discussed in 2013, is a lot more controversial. They argue that the things that can be observed with black holes are intrinsically dependent on the state we are measuring. A number of people such as Daniel Harlow and Joseph Polchinski have argued that this breaks key results of quantum mechanics. There are also some proposals of classical non-local information transfer, advocated by Steven Giddings, that allows for information of leave the black hole in a non-local way. The full mechanism behind this is not yet fully understood.
Of course, these are not the only proposals and some propsals predate the firewall arguements entirely, such as considering black hole microstates. Before we can describe this, we must first discuss string theory.
Our current experimental understanding of the world involves particles, zero dimensional interacting objects. When looking for a theory of quantum gravity, one proposal is string theory which involves strings, which is extended in 1 spatial direction, and D\(p\)-branes, extended objects in \(p\) spatial dimensions. There is debate on the possibility experimental evidence for string theory, but there are plenty of other, more eloquent authors who have written on that topic. What concerns us is this; if string theory describes quantum gravity, it should not have any information paradox.
There are several different types of string theories, both bosonic and supersymmetric versions. There are many supersymmetric versions including M theory, Type I, Type IIA, Type IIB, Heterotic E and Heterotic O. Amongst the supersymmetric versions, they are all related between each other using dualities and most times we refer to all of them as just (super)string theory. Critical superstring theories operate in 10 dimensions (or 11 for M theory).
The fact that the theories live in higher dimesions allows to evade the no-hair theorems and store more information than just the mass, angular momentum, and charge(s). This is the first glimmer of how we might yet save information. Still, we need to find out exactly how information is recovered. Additionally, to connect it to black holes in nature we would need to compactify some of the dimensions.
String theory is described by one coupling, \(g_s\), and one length scale set by the string tension, \(\alpha'=l^2_s\). These two together can be used to describe our usual gravitational coupling constant in supergravity, \(G_N=8\pi^6g_s^2l_s^8\). However, there is another additional graviation affect, as the presence of strings/branes will warp spacetime themselves with a strength proportional to $g_sN$. So the number of strings/branes \(N\) can also play a role in the gravitational physics of a system in string theory. Although it may seem counterintuitive, using a large number of branes can be a useful limit for studying string theory. This is somewhat reminiscent of collective effects in condensed matter physics where a large number of particles will have some new description that is easy to access.
With the main string theory ingredients discussed, we can now consider constructing systems with large numbers of strings/branes that act as microstates of the black hole. Black holes have an entropy proportional to their area, known as the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. The statistical mechanics of this interprestion would lead us to believe that this entropy is related to the number of these microstates. In general relativity, it is not clear what the microstates are but we will discuss how these microstates might be interpreted in string theory.
Constructions in string theory use special configurations of D\(p\)-branes which are wrapped on certain compactifications of some of the extra dimensions. They are colloquially called fuzzballs. For example, the two charge black hole (D1D5) has D5 branes wrapped up on a four dimensional torus (a two dimensional torus is a donut shape) and a circle and D1 branes wrapped on the circle. This means that it has five extended directions are compactified, so the result is a 5 dimensional black hole. For a great public talk on how this is accomplished, take a look at A.W. Peet's Perimeter Institute public lecture entitled ``String Theory: Legos for Black Holes" from May 6th, 2015. The main bonus of these microstates is that they have no horizon and are smooth with no unphysical singularities.
Crucially, it is important that these microstates can reproduce the entropy of a black hole, otherwise they cannot be seen as microstates. Strominger and Vafa in 1996 found that the entropy of a class of black holes can be reproducing by counting these microstates. There has been a lot of work on these fuzzballs to show that they not only get the correct relationship for black hole entropy but also get the correct radiation spectrum. However, unlike with Hawking, the radiation is from the D-branes themselves and not pair creation at a horizon. This is an order one difference in the structure of the horizon, as required by Mathur's theorem.
More recent work has been done on trying to get further towards a more astrophysical black hole. Earlier solutions are typically far from a Schwarzschild black hole, usually higher dimensional black holes with conserved charges and/or large angular momentum. There have been microstates contructed that avoid some of these problems but none that solve all of them. So a full description of astrophysical black holes remains elusive.
The 10 dimensional geometries have no horizon so the horizon must be generated in some other way. The idea is that a classical black hole state will actually be some average over these mircrostates and these horizon will arise in from this averaging procedure. Of course, we still need to address how these fuzzballs will form in the first place. The rough argument is that there is an exponentially suppressed probability of infalling matter to tunnel into a microstate but that there are an exponential number of states to tunnel into. So we then can expect a roughly order one probability to tunnel into these microstates.
A general microstate has three important regions in its geometry. It will have an asymptotic region, a cap region which is at the end of a finite throat. The asympototic infinity will be flat, but will have a blakc hole description in general. The cap is where non-compactified spacetime ends and the full 10d geometry takes over. It is these caps that will distinguish the different microstates apart from one another. They will in general be non-spherically symmetric and be horizon sized. This is true, even at weak gravitational coupling, due to the large number of strings/branes in the constructions.
Away from the cap is the throat. This will be the key part, as it will house the transition from the full microstate physics of the cap to the black hole/flat asymptotics. It turns out that this throat will have an anti-deSitter (AdS) component to the metric. This is important, as the physics of large \(N\) AdS has a well known alternative description in what is called the AdS/CFT correspondance and we can exploit this to understand the physics in the throat.
The AdS/CFT correspondence says that certain quantities calculated using the bulk gravity in an anti-deSitter (AdS) spacetime (a maximally symmetric solution to Einstein's equations with negative cosmological constant) are the same as quantities calculated using conformal field theory (CFT, or quantum field theory with conformal symmetry) on a spacetime conformal to boundary of the AdS. This is an example of the holographic principle, and many quantities one one side will have a dual description on the other (e.g. fields in the bulk will be dual to operators in the CFT). This is a useful correspondence as sometimes it is easier to calculate quantities using one description or the other.
Additionally, this duality is not true for just pure AdS geometries. Geometries can be more complex in the interior, as long as they have an asympotitic AdS region. This means that this duality can apply to AdS black hole geometries as well as geometries with some broken symmetries. This is especially important for applications of holography to condensed matter systems, where quantum critical points of phase transitions may display conformal symmetry or a partially broken conformal symmetry.
This duality was first discovered in 1997 by Maldacena in a limit of a stack of D3 branes which related the field theory of the open strings on the branes to the gravity of the closed strings in the bulk. However, in 2009, Heemskerk, Penedones, Polchinski, and Sully argued that holography can be more general than just string theory constructions. They argued that having a large gap in low lying states and a well defined large \(N\) expansion for a CFT would should be enough to have a gravity dual. This means that CFTs on their own can be used to investigate quantum gravity without having to rely on string theory.
So we can use CFTs themselves to define our quantum gravity and investigate these dual CFTs including how they would solve the black hole information problem.
Of course, one of the main questions in AdS/CFT holography is trying to determine how the geometry of the bulk comes about from the CFT. Work starting in 2006 by Hamilton, Kabat, Lifschytz and Lowe focused on getting bulk fields as a smeared integral of the dual operator on the boundary. Alternatively, one can use quantum information quantities such as entanglement entropy in the CFT which was found to be dual to minimal surfaces in the bulk by Ryu and Takayanagi also in 2006. There has been significant progress since then covering a wide range of more interesting geometries and quantum informational tools. One can look at the accompanying essay for more details on this direction.
There are a number of useful structures in CFTs that can be examined in holography. Conformal symmetry will constrain the form of low point correlation functions and organizes the operators of the theory in convenient ways. One of these structures, conformal blocks, are used to build up four point functions. They have recently been used to examine the black hole information problem from a perturbative and non-perturbative perspective in general semiclassical gravity theories.
Our approach to the black hole information problem is slightly different. We examine a specific CFT, the D1D5 CFT, which is dual to the D1D5 gravity theory in the throat. However, we do not examine the CFT dual to the semiclassical gravity and try to find corrections. Instead we examine the CFT where it is free and is dual to a very string theoretic limit. In 2014, Gopakumar and Gaberdiel found that this CFT has a subsector that describes a tensionsless limit (\(\alpha'\rightarrow\infty\)) where strings are long and floppy. We then consider perturbing the CFT with an operator that will take us towards a semiclassical gravity description. Our hope is that by seeing the CFT as providing a tendril down from a very quantum gravity to the semiclassical description. We hope that in the future this will be helpful in showing how information is restored in these mircrostates of black holes.


(KGO) A woman was dragged onto the tracks by a Muni train in San Francisco on Friday, April 12, 2019, after getting stuck in a closing door. The state is now investigating the safety of the doors.
(KGO) Paul Rose, a spokesperson for the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, said Muni cars were safe following the dragging of a woman who got stuck in a train door on Friday, April 12, 2019.
"We can draw a line, and that's not unconstitutional, it's common sense, and that's why I think assault rifles need to be on the table too," he told voters in Iowa on Wednesday.
Buttigieg said that it made sense to draw a line on what kind of guns that Americans could own as part of the Second Amendment.
"There are some weapons that just don't belong in our neighborhoods in peacetime in America," he said as the audience clapped.
Buttigieg lamented that Congress was unable to pass something like universal background checks for weapons sales.
"The reality is that the gun safety measures that we are calling for are completely compatible with the Second Amendment and, by the way, are widely popular," he said.
Buttigieg has a history of skepticism surrounding the right for Americans to own semi-automatic rifles but has talked about it cautiously.
He challenged the idea that Americans should even own an AR-15.
On Twitter, Buttigieg expressed his frustration that semi-automatic rifles were owned by civilians.
"I did not carry an assault weapon around a foreign country so I could come home and see them used to massacre my countrymen," he wrote on Twitter in October 2017.
Britain's Katie Boulter is "devastated" after missing three match points in a defeat that leaves her team's Fed Cup play-off with Kazakhstan level at 1-1.
The 22-year-old lost 6-3 2-6 7-6 (6-8) to Kazakh number one Yulia Putintseva after British number one Johanna Konta had won the opening singles rubber.
Konta needed to block out a noisy band to beat Zarina Diyas 4-6 6-3 6-2.
Britain are seeking promotion to World Group II for the first time in 26 years in the best-of-five tie in London.
The two reverse singles and a doubles match are taking place from 12:00 BST on Sunday.
"I put everything out there," Boulter said. "It's part of sport though – you win some and you lose some.
Katie Boulter's Fed Cup debut in February was impressive and she started off in much the same way here at London's Copper Box Arena.
The world number 86 was the underdog against world number 38 Putintseva but she held her nerve to fight off deuce at 3-3 in the first set, before breaking in the following game.
That brought a reaction from the home crowd and Boulter used every opportunity to work them up – roaring in celebration after firing a backhand down the line during a service hold to move 5-3 up.
She was fearless in her play and full of confidence after breaking for a second time and taking the first set – silencing the Kazakh trumpet-and-trombone band and taking advantage of an out-of-sorts Putintseva.
The Kazakh number one re-grouped to break twice to go 2-1 up in the second set and her pressure took its toll on Boulter, who took a lengthy medical time-out.
Putintseva marched on to claim a comfortable second set but Boulter's resurgence returned as she won the opening four games in the decider and showed no signs of injury.
The Briton was pegged back, though, with Putintseva using all her experience and skill to force a tie-break after breaking back twice and holding off match point in the final game of the third set.
Boulter had a further two match points saved in the tie-break – at 6-4 and 6-5 on her serve – as Putintseva's risky baseline strokes paid off.
The British number two was comforted in her chair by captain Keothavong after she impressed yet again on the Fed Cup stage but to no avail this time.
"She gave everything she had, that's all you can ask," Keothavong said.
Boulter will have to recover quickly as she is scheduled to take on Diyas in what could be the deciding singles rubber on Sunday.
"I am devastated, clearly," Boulter said.
Konta got Britain off to a winning start with a spirited performance against Kazakh world number 107 Diyas.
The Briton was up against it from the off, though – battling to block out constant drumming, trumpet-playing and chants from the travelling Kazakh fans.
An antagonistic tune was played when Konta's volley flew over the baseline as she fell 2-0 down in the opening set and the Briton looked distracted, glancing over at the band seconds before being broken again at 4-1 down.
Konta found the response when she smashed her first ace of the match at 5-1 down and went on to claim a comfortable service hold that seemed to spur her and the home crowd on.
She won the next three games and, despite losing the first set, raced to a commanding 5-0 lead in the second.
Diyas, who had lost just one of her 14 previous singles matches in the Fed Cup, responded with resilience of her own – clawing it back to 5-3 before holding off five set points.
But a key moment came when Konta saved two break points in her opening service game of the third set, skipping off at the changeover with a fist-pump towards the crowd.
"I don't think I got bogged down by things too much. I was enjoying being out there and trying to find a way," Konta said.
"I found my way a little bit more in terms of when to mix it up. I definitely have been trying to add some more variety to my game in the last few months.
The Briton quickly raced into a 4-1 lead in the decider, before Diyas called for a medical timeout for a shoulder issue.
That small break in play did little to quieten the home crowd and Konta responded to the roars of support to break back immediately after dropping serve at 4-2.
It took Konta two hours and 38 minutes to complete the comeback but tomorrow's opponent Putintseva won't have fared any better from her gruelling match with Boulter.
Katie Boulter's race looked run at the end of the second set as what appeared to be a back problem took its toll.
She wrestled the initiative back with a breathtaking start to the decider, but Putintseva's defence, fight and willpower were truly exceptional.
Boulter had two glorious early chances to take control of the tiebreak, but was reeled in once again by the irrepressible Putintseva, who celebrated by kissing her biceps.
Earlier, Johanna Konta took a long time to impose herself on Zarina Diyas, but to her credit, was a reasonably comfortable winner in the end.
Ten successive Fed Cup singles wins is a fine achievement – and as Britain's number one she will get the chance to lead from the front in Sunday's singles.
And silence the trombonist from Kazakhstan, who greeted Konta's early errors with an ironic and sorrowful lament.
Court records show a sheriff's detective found a text message in the case file while preparing to give testimony that had not been turned over to the defense, the Spokesman-Review in Spokane reported Friday.
John A. Radavich, 24, has pleaded not guilty to killing Robert J. Tester, 35, the senator's nephew, in the 2016 attack at the younger Tester's home in Spangle, Washington. Prosecutors have said Radavich was seeking revenge because he believed Tester had assaulted a 17-year-old girl that he had previously dated.
Prosecutors didn't object to the motion for a mistrial by defense attorney Douglas Pierce on April 11 — a day after the trial began — but the reasons for the motion had remained unclear until now. A new trial is set for August.
According to court records, Tester's daughter, who was 8 at the time, called her grandmother on Sept. 6, 2016, to say that a man she didn't know had broken into their home and killed her father.
Spokane County deputies arrived to find a blood trail leading from Tester's bedroom throughout the house. Tester had suffered multiple blunt-force and stab wounds, including a blow to the back of his head by a firewood-splitting maul.
The case remained unsolved until Radavich called a friend in Texas on Dec. 26, 2016, according to court records.
Radavich told the friend he had killed Tester because he believed Tester had assaulted his ex-girlfriend.
During the same recorded phone call, Radavich said the only other person he told of the killing was the former girlfriend.
"I needed her to help cover my tracks," Radavich said, the newspaper reported.
While preparing for his testimony, Spokane County sheriff's Detective Robert Satake found a text message the girlfriend had sent on the night of the killing to a man identified in court records as Christopher Santucci.
On Friday, Pierce asked Spokane County Superior Court Judge Maryann Moreno for a May hearing to interview the girlfriend about that text exchange. It is unclear what the text or texts said.
Moreno set the hearing and told Radavich's defense attorney Douglas Pierce that the newly discovered text message was "extremely significant" for the defense.
The Mueller report concluded that neither President Trump nor anyone in his presidential campaign colluded with Russia but stopped short of clearing the president of obstructing justice.
One of the Democrat presidential candidates, Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA), announced on Twitter on Friday that she supports starting impeachment proceedings.
But Brazile backed away from endorsing an effort to get the president removed from office.
"Like Brazile, DNC Chair Tom Perez appeared to sidestep impeachment questions on Thursday and said it was unclear whether or not obstruction occurred," Fox reported.
Aberdeen leapfrogged Kilmarnock into third place in the Scottish Premiership thanks to Scott McKenna's goal as the hosts ended the game with eight men.
Centre-half Kirk Broadfoot was sent off when his foot struck the face of goalkeeper Joe Lewis in front of goal during a bruising first half.
Scott McKenna headed in a Graeme Shinnie corner after 66 minutes.
Stuart Findlay was then shown a second yellow card with six minutes remaining and Rory McKenzie a straight red.
McKenna's goal was enough to extend the run of league victories for Derek McInnes' side at Rugby Park to 10 games.
Steve Clarke's Kilmarnock, who started the day ahead of the Dons on goal difference after a run of six games unbeaten, remain a point short of equalling their record points tally set last season.
The first half between sides whose managers have been touted for the Scotland head coach vacancy would be defined by controversy.
Michael Devlin fouled Eamonn Brophy near the halfway line in an incident reminiscent of the one between the sides at Pittodrie earlier this season when the Aberdeen defender was red carded for a foul on Greg Stewart.
This time, there were more Aberdeen defenders in close proximity and referee Steven McLean brandished a yellow.
That controversy would pale in comparison to the incident that resulted in Broadfoot being sent off.
The Kilmarnock defender was through on goal, but his control let him down and he lunged in on Lewis, his studs catching the goalkeeper in the face.
Referee McLean was in no doubt and showed a straight red, much to the frustration of Broadfoot, who left the field kicking a water bottle.
The home fans were furious. Minutes earlier, Sam Cosgrove – already on a yellow – put in a late challenge on Greg Taylor. The Dons striker escaped with just a talking to from the referee.
Cosgrove – who was getting involved in far too many incidents – was subbed off at half-time.
As for the football, the first half was largely a scrappy non-event littered with fouls, a header from McKenna going wide of a post being as close as Aberdeen had come, while Kilmarnock's Eamonn Brophy forced Lewis into a near-post save.
That McKenna header was a warning from Aberdeen and, as Graeme Shinnie swung in a corner, the Scotland centre-half headed home to give the Dons the lead.
The Kilmarnock fans kept up their support to the end, even when they saw their side reduced to nine men – Findlay shown a second yellow for a foul on Shinnie.
Substitute James Wilson's fierce shot was well saved by goalkeeper Daniel Bachmann before, incredibly, Kilmarnock would end the match with just eight men – McKenzie sent off for retaliating angrily after a challenge in midfield.
This was a huge win for Aberdeen in the race for Europe.
Steve Clarke has done some amazing things with Kilmarnock since he arrived in Scottish football, but one team he has failed to conquer are Aberdeen – and so it continues.
A 10th league win in a row at Rugby Park is a remarkable stat. It also keeps up the incredible away form the Dons have shown this season.
More importantly, this puts Aberdeen clear in third place and firmly in the ascendancy in the race for a Europa League spot.
But so much of the attention will focus on the refereeing decisions. The Kilmarnock fans booed off McLean at the end.
Should he have sent off Cosgrove? Possibly. The sending off of Broadfoot was also debatable. Yes, he seemed to catch Lewis with his studs. But it was probably more reckless than excessive force so perhaps a yellow card would have sufficed.
The proximity of those decisions – they happened within minutes of each other – meant the home fans felt particularly hard done by.


text:
Literature and Democracy
(p.200) 8 Literature and Democracy
French critic Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve, on several occasions, purported to be a friend of liberty and, though less frequently, claimed that the French Second Empire, at least in its so-called left guise and during its so-called liberal phase, was disposed in a similarly friendly way. Not even the adroit Senator could prevent these two propositions from ultimately colliding, famously in his speeches to the Senate in 1867 and 1868, when the more reactionary and authoritarian face of the Second Empire political establishment displayed itself with various threats to freedom of thought and opinion. These formal representations are often seen as both an act of political courage and the statement of a political creed. Clearly, it is not easy to dismiss these moments in the public career of Sainte-Beuve without further ado. The senatorial interventions on particular issues pale into insignificance alongside Sainte-Beuve's broader and repeated misgivings over the 'democratic' conception and exercise of modern liberty.
Keywords: Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve, classic, France, literary criticism, democracy, liberty, French literature, Second Empire, politics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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text:
GeoCUP, projects, Teaching
by jreades 30/08/20164:42 pm 30/08/2016
GeoCUP: supporting a flexible student computing environment
Over the past year, we've been supporting our first cohort of Geocomputation & Spatial Analysis (GSA) students as they learn to code and work with geo-data in an open computing context (predominantly FOSS). This post reflects on some of the problems – and solutions – that emerged as a result.
GeoCUP.v1
The first incarnation of GeoCUP (short for GeoComputation on a USB Platform) was a system-on-a-key described in a previous post. With the support of the Department and Faculty (not to mention the hard work of one of our own alumni: /ht Ryan Barnes), the USB keys were supplied to students at the start of term as follows:
64GB USB 3.0 keys
Ubuntu Linux 14 LTS release (32-bit)
Pre-installed software:
Assortment of specified Python libs
The idea was that students could launch GeoCUP at boot time on a cluster machine from the USB key and would thus be running a full Linux distribution over which they had complete control. In an institutional computing context this was as close as we could get to giving them their own computer to play with, break, and manage.
We had also expected, based on what we'd seen with Linux 'Live' distributions that it would be feasible to have a key that would work with multiple types of firmware (including Apple's EFI) and that students could therefore also run GeoCUP at home.
A final advantage would be the ease of replacing a lost key: since all their code was in Dropbox all they needed to do was reconnect Dropbox on a replacement key and they'd be up and running again in no time.
Unexpected Issues
No well-laid plan survives much contact with the real world, and several issues emerged in the run-up to launch day:
It is not (yet?) possible to have a full Linux distribution (as opposed to an essentially static 'live' distribution) that will start up at boot time on both Macs and PCs. Indeed, there are also issues with different vendors' PC hardware being different enough from the machine on which GeoCUP.v1 was developed for this facility to be patchy, at best, on generic PCs as well. So portability proved to be rather more limited than we'd expected and hoped.
Formatting the keys took much longer than expected. Since the keys needed to be bootable, the only way to write them was using the 'disk duplication' utility; however, dd is not able to distinguish between largely empty space and used space since it's blindly copying the entire disk. So even though only about 20GB of the 64GB was in actual use, each key took about 5 hours to write. We were able to write up to 7 keys at once by combining dd with tee: as follows:
dd \
if=/Volumes/GeoCUP/geocup-20150917.bak/backup bs=524288 \
| sudo tee \
/dev/disk3 ... /dev/disk9 > /dev/null
We'd also note that using dd meant that we could only use 64GB USB keys, so if students lost a key and needed to replace it, they had to source exactly the same-sized key.
These start-up issues were then supplemented by performance issues after roll-out:
Hardware buffering was much worse than expected. We had, naively, assumed that USB3 would provide sufficient bandwidth for our purposes and that read/writes would be fairly modest. We were wrong: the system frequently blocked completely for up to 10-12 seconds while data was written to/read from the USB key, and the entire Linux UI became unresponsive… which was rather frustrating for the students.
As well, the pace of I/O usage of a full Linux distribution had a propensity to expose any physical weaknesses in the flash devices, so we had to re-flash probably 10–20% of the students' keys over the course of the year.
These performance issues then led some students to begin using their own laptops running OSX or various flavours of Windows instead, producing a proliferation in the number of students using the wrong Python libraries as platform support on some geodata and spatial analysis libraries is limited.
All of this was compounded by the fact that some students were remembering to run
on a regular basis, while others didn't. So we even ended up with different versions of libraries on GeoCUP itself, and that led to code that would fail to run on one system but have no issues on another.
A final 'nail in the coffin' of GeoCUP.v1 was the fact that one of our Ubuntu repositories was accidentally pointing at a development repository, not the stable one, and so one of the updates knocked out most of QGIS' modelling functionality!
These were all serious issues, but in spite of them there were a number of students who reported that using GeoCUP had nonetheless helped the module as it gave them full control of their system, exposed them to power-user features such as the bash shell, and opened their eyes to some of the practical problems entailed in managing a system and a codebase. They also got to watch us doing some fairly frenetic on-the-fly debugging.
So with that in mind…
Part way through the year we began to experiment with Oracle's VirtualBox platform as a way to enable students to run GeoCUP on their own computers (as that had signally not happened with GeoCUP.v1). Although there are higher-performance virtualisation platforms out there, VirtualBox is free, open source software so there were no licensing or cost implications to rolling this out on cluster systems or in suggesting that students download it to their personal computer.
GeoCUP.v2 is built as follows:
Ubuntu Linux 16 LTS (64-bit)
Rodeo & Atom IDEs
We've adapted installation scripts posted by Dani, up at Liverpool University for use with our own GeoCUP distribution since this speeds up the configuration and updating of the system as new Ubuntu distributions are released. You find them on GitHub: github.com/jreades/GeoCUP-Vagrant.
The main advantages of this shift are:
The VDI (Virtual Disk Image) file is decoupled from the physical storage media, so as long as the image fits on the device then students can bring in whatever hardware they like (hard drive, flash drive, personal computer…) and run GeoCUP from that hardware.
The VDI file is smaller and copying to new hardware uses the normal file copying mechanisms so 'installation' is also radically faster (we also only copy 20GB of data, instead of 64GB).
By ditching Canopy for Anaconda we can also 'fix' the Python libraries using a configuration file so as to avoid last-minute problems caused by the release of new versions. We can then update those libraries to new, stable versions by distributing an upgrade script to the students rather than relying on manually-typed commands.
Alongside this, however, we retain the flexibility to give students administrator rights over their (virtual) machine, to install new software on the fly, and to take advantage of software updates without having to embed them in a centralised IT upgrade cycle. We also think that the virtualisation approach has significant advantages for IT services because they don't have to monkey about with the BIOS of the cluster machines since the entire process is now software-based.
GeoCUP.v3 & Beyond
In the long run we'd like to automate even more of the distribution process so that we are no longer even responsible for 'burning' new USB keys or given students a drive from which to copy the latest version of GeoCUP.
Tools that enable just this sort of approach are beginning to surface: Vagrant and Docker are the two leading contenders at the moment, though they do slightly different things. I've been impressed by the way that Dani's Vagrant-based distribution allows you to download a 2GB file containing a full Linux server distribution, have it automatically configured when it first runs, and then interact with the system via Jupyter Notebooks: it's a fairly lightweight, but fully-functional Python-based geodata analytics 'server'.
There are several problems with using this approach in our context:
I've had a lot of problems getting Vagrant to also run in a 'headed' context, and since we want students to use the latest versions of QGIS as well as unsupported (by IT Services) IDEs such as Rodeo or Atom, we can't drop the Linux desktop entirely and just run the notebook server.
We can't have students downloading even a 2GB file on to the cluster machines since a) they have nowhere to keep it in their allocated 200MB of online storage, and b) multiplying that 2GB overhead by 30 students is suddenly quite a big 'hit' to the network at the start of every class.
We also can't run Jupyter on a server somewhere on campus since every users runs with the same permissions as Jupyter and there's no separation of user spaces as I understand it.
I suspect that these issues will be remedied in the not-too-distant future, and James and I will be exploring some of the possibilities with colleagues at ASU and UNSW over the coming year.
Finally, as mentioned above, a /ht to Ryan Barnes, one of our own Geography grads who did the heavy lifting on version 1 of GeoCUP.
jreades
Lecturer in Quantitative Human Geography at King's College London, coder, data head.
Personal web site for reflections on people, data, and place.
King's College London profile page.
ResearchGate profile.
GIS and Urban Data Science – Special Issue
Trust, but verify – working with administrative data
PhD opportunity: Agent-based methods for human fire activity in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models
(Another take on) Sl… on Aspect-Slope Maps in QGIS
Rob J on Aspect-Slope Maps in QGIS
CUSP London Seminar… on Geography & Computers: Pas…
CUSP London Seminar:… on Geography & Computers: Pas…
Geography & Comp… on Geography & Computers: Pas…
Agile Teaching
Cartography & Maps
GeoCUP
Modelling & Simulation
Studentship


The Village Dental Practice aims to exceed our patients' expectations, by delivering quality dental care, provided by a well trained, motivated and enthusiastic team, in a friendly environment.
You will benefit from preventative advice and up to date techniques using the best materials available. We use digital imaging technology to help diagnose and explain our suggested treatment plans. There is also more opportunity for convenient appointment times. For those of our patients who chose to have peace of mind that budgeting for their private care offers, we recommend the Denplan Scheme for funding private dentistry by regular low cost monthly payments. Please enquire at reception and ask for more details.
The Village Dental Practice have emergency appointments set aside during normal working hours every day. Please try to call before 10.30am and every effort will be made to see you the same day.
The reception, waiting room and one of our surgeries are situated on the ground floor and are therefore accessible to those patients who are unable to manage the stairs. If your usual dentist works in an upstairs surgery but you feel it would be more convenient to been seen downstairs, please do not hesitate to speak to one of our receptionists who can arrange this for you.
Please note that toilet facilities are not available on the ground floor.
The Village Dental Practice would like to reassure you that all necessary precautions are taken to protect our patients and staff from transmission of infectious diseases. We follow stringent guidelines on sterilisation of instruments in our separate decontamination room. We use disposable items wherever possible.
All our team undergo regular update training in all aspects of dentistry, including cross infection control, first aid including CPR and radiology, the practice has an Automatic Defibrillator for cases of emergency.
Whilst always hoping to exceed expectations we appreciate this is not always possible. If you have any reason for complaint then please tell us. The practice has a formal complaints procedure. Details are available on our website or at reception. We hope then to provide a satisfactory and amicable solution.
If you have any questions, or would like some more information, you can get in touch with The Village Dental Practice on 01704 573466 or fill in our contact form.
We offer a wide range of services, including: dental hygienist, preventative dentistry, cosmetic dentistry, dental implants, radiography, dental imagery and oral hygiene products.
Our recent investment in new surgeries and sterilisation areas enable us to offer high standards of dental care and cross-infection control.
We offer a range of appointment times to suit our patients including early morning and early evening surgeries.


I partnered with Valvoline Instant Oil Change for this project, however, opinions here are my own.
October is, of course, Breast Cancer Awareness Month ... and when football players wear pink uniforms. While the pink ribbon might have become ubiquitous now, it's important we not forget that it represents an important cause and a reality that impacts many families.
I'm honored to be showing my support daily for Breast Cancer Awareness with AutoTex PINK Wipers on my car.
Say what? Yup, you read that right!
Participating Valvoline Instant Oil Change (VIOC) locations are selling special pink wiper blades throughout October with proceeds going to National Breast Cancer Foundation (NBCF). You can choose from full Pink Wipers or Black Wipers with a small pink ribbon. Each swish of my wipers during rainy/hurricane season here in Florida is a reminder of this health issue.
VIOC has raised over $86,500 for NBCF through this campaign to date. To learn more and find a location selling pink wipers near you, visit viocpink.com. Also, If you do end up Pinking Your Ride, you can submit pics in the pink photo contest for a chance to win up to a year of FREE oil changes here.
On National Mammography Day October 19, VIOC is making a double donation on all wipers sold that day. So if you're in need of new blades go in on 10/19/18 to make an even bigger impact.
The most convenient part about a Valvoline Instant Oil Change was being able to blog right there in my car while they performed the service and checked out my car. I simply drove up to my local VIOC store without an appointment and was waved to an open lane, then directed forward like at a car wash, but for a drive-thru oil change instead.
Customers stay in their cars during the entire service making necessary car maintenance easy for busy people and moms since, the kids don't have to get out of the car. The whole thing took about 15 minutes and that included my inside air filter changed, new blades, the tire pressure checked and put to the recommended requirements and my fluids topped off. They even reset the annoying Service alert on my dashboard! All why I sat there like a VIP.
Few women question, or have questioned, what's really behind the war on cancer and the endless calls for breast cancer awareness. Most people would be much smarter and better informed if they had awareness of what this movement or the war on cancer do NOT raise awareness about.
Knowing that the most prominent cancer charities (Komen, American Cancer Society, etc) are large self-serving businesses instead of "charities" or that these groups suppress critical information on cancer, such as the known causes of cancer (instead they talk about "risk factors" of cancer) or that many "breast cancer survivors" are victims of harm instead of receivers of benefit, or that they've been intentionally misleading the ignorant public with deceptive cancer survival statistics, or that government health bodies such as the NIH are merely a pawns for corporate medicine, etc is a good start to get to the real truth (read this well referenced scholarly article's afterword on the war on cancer: do a search engine query for "A Mammogram Letter The British Medical Journal Censored" by a published author of the Orthomolecular Medicine News organization, and scroll down to the afterword that addresses the phony 'war on cancer').
The recognition that breast cancer awareness was started by these business interests is another piece of the real awareness about the pink ribbon cult and the traditional war on cancer. Or that the orthodox cancer business has been denouncing, suppressing and squashing a number of very effective and beneficial alternative cancer approaches (instead they sold you the lie that only their highly profitable/expensive, toxic conventional cancer treatments are relevant). You probably guessed why: effective, safe, inexpensive cancer therapies are cutting into the astronomical profits of the medical mafia's lucrative treatments. That longstanding decadent activity is part of the fraud of the war on cancer.
So, raising "awareness" about breast cancer or raising funds for the war on cancer have hardly any other function than to drive more unsuspecting people into getting more expensive and unnecessary tests (think mammography) and then, often, cancer treatments (chemo and radiation therapy).
The reality is that the war on cancer has been and still is, by and large, a complete failure (read Dr. Guy Faguet's 'War on cancer," Dr. Sam Epstein's work, or Clifton Leaf's book on this bogus 'war').
Since the war on cancer began orthodox medicine hasn't progressed in their basic highly profitable therapies: it still uses only highly toxic, deadly things like radiation, chemo, surgery, and drugs that have killed millions of people instead of the disease.
As long as the official "war on cancer" is a HUGE BUSINESS based on expensive TREATMENTS/INTERVENTIONS of a disease instead of its PREVENTION, logically, they will never find a cure for cancer. The upcoming moonshot-war on cancer inventions, too, will include industry-profitable gene therapies of cancer treatment that are right in line with the erroneous working model of mechanistic reductionism of allopathic medicine. The lucrative game of the medical business is to endlessly "look for" a cure but not "find" a cure. Practically all resources in the phony 'war on cancer' are poured into treating cancer but almost none in the prevention of the disease. It's proof positive that big money and a total lack of ethics rule the official medical establishment.


Formed in 2014, four-piece group Suburban Hypocrites deliver diverse, passionate, beer-soaked punk. They self-released "A Proclamation of Self-Defamation" in 2016, followed by an EP, "We Wrote Four New Songs and Reused an Old One", which released in 2017 via Last Ditch Records. 2018 saw a full length "Crowd Pleasers for Mouth Breathers" which demonstrated no shortage of speed and precision. The guys still deliver the authentic punk they've been spilling at you for the last four years, but with the new complexities it's bound to keep your body moving.
Suburban Hypocrites are loyal to their fans, providing raw and powerful energy on stage, upbeat and dance worthy music, and of course, enough aggression to get a good pit going.


text:
What We Know About Tara Reade's Allegation That Joe Biden Sexually Assaulted Her
U.S presidential candidate Joseph R. Biden Jr, has denied sexually assaulting former staff Tara Reade in 1993, he called on the National Archives to release any document related to the allegation. Saying "They aren't true. This never happened,"
In a phone interview with TIME on May 1, Reade said she had no comment on Biden's Morning Joe appearance but described her decision to come forward.
"It's been really excruciating coming forward about Joe Biden. He was my boss, and I really liked him, and I liked what he represented," Reade says. "When that sexual assault happened, it was devastating. I mean, he was like my father's age. He was my boss. And I felt, for some reason when it happened, at that time, because of what he said to me, I felt somehow I brought it on."
Here's what we know about Reade's allegations against Biden:
Full Story (Time)
2020 election, Joe Biden
Kylie jenner in tennis photo
Julia Roberts in black and white gown to honor the Met gala
Jofra Archer Available For Third Test Despite COVID-19 Breach
House Republicans plan to sue Pelosi over proxy voting
DOJ pressures state, local leaders over reopening policies


text:
What authenticity does: on fake spaces and real emotions
Francesca Piazzoni, December 2020
Thames Town, a British-themed village on the outskirts of Shanghai, attracts residents and tourists with its gothic-like church, red phone boxes, and statues of Winston Churchill and Princess Diana. What is "real" in a quintessentially "fake" place like Thames Town? Does thinking through these categories even make sense? Who gets to live and visit Thames Town, and who does not? Judgements of what is "real" versus what is "fake" are elusive, to say the least. But the values people associate with these judgements carry concrete social, economic, and political implications.
Keywords: Architecture Authenticity China Thames Town
Were we to be asked whether we prefer something – anything – to be "real" or "fake," most of us would pick the former with little hesitation. We all like the prospect of engaging with authentic people, places, and things. But what it means to be authentic is ambiguous. Scholars have tried to pin down an answer for years. Throughout the 20th century, debates evolved from understanding authenticity as a fixed material property, an originality that objects either have or do not have, to a context-dependent quality that essentially relies upon the eyes of the beholder.
Thinking of authenticity as a relationship between people, meanings and places helps reveal its spatial implications. It helps understand how ideas of "the authentic" affect the production of landscapes, enabling geographies of exclusion and insurgency.
The spatial politics of authenticity writ large in a place like Thames Town. Built within the "1 city 9 towns" Shanghai's city plan (2000–2005), this British-themed village is far from an isolated case. It resonates with many other residential environments themed after Western regions that mushroomed in China from the mid-1990s, when urbanisation fuelled the country's transition to a market economy, and owning one, if not multiple houses became a must for many. While the government prompted developers to stop producing imitative urbanisations in May 2020, "simulacra-scapes" and "copycat architectures," as scholars have called them, continue to attract residents and visitors.
The fabricated authenticity of Thames Town serves as a rhetorical as well as a physical means of segregation. Around the open-access themed core, gated residential clusters include condos, townhouses, and villas packaged with names like "Windsor Island" and "Kensington Gardens." Guards in scarlet-coloured uniforms stand in front of the black-and-gold wrought-iron gates of each compound. From the village streets, views on the much denser residential districts that surround Thames Town make the picturesque village stand out. Many residents I interviewed referred to this striking distinction as a mark of their own prestige: their ability to live in a British town distinguishes them from those who can only hope to visit. Inside homes, residents construct their own authentic Britishness. Some furnish rooms to convey idealised Western atmospheres; others decorate their homes in sharp contrast to the British theme, for example, by crafting quintessentially "Chinese" interiors.
Tourists swarm from Songjiang and Shanghai just to visit Britain for a day. Cafes and restaurants cater to their expectations by offering "English breakfasts" and "pancake menus." A Disney-esque trolley bus ferries visitors across the village. But the wedding-photo business is what drives most visitors (and profits) to the town. Future brides and grooms crowd streets and squares to have their portraits taken a few months before their wedding ceremonies. Professional photographers depict them against different backgrounds, according to which landscape best suits the couple's matching, eclectic outfits (from fairy tale prince and princess and Mao's Red Guards to American newlyweds). And if some regret not being able to afford travelling to the "real" Europe, others see Thames Town's artificiality as a diversion that adds to—rather than detracts from—their wedding experience.
But Thames Town does not leave room for those who cannot afford to consume it. Like many other residential districts throughout China, the British village counts about a half of its properties vacant (with most homes owned, but not necessarily occupied). Construction work is carried out by migrant workers who remain in town for a few months, living in the units they work on. Affluent, "formal" residents tend to ignore – if not despise – their "informal", itinerant co-villagers. Some, for example, ask guards to prevent migrant workers from hanging out in front of buildings within their residential compounds. And guards remove them from the public spaces of the themed core, where workers are regarded as a visual disturbance to the photo industry.
The British theme quite literally pushes migrant workers outside of the themed core, to the margins of the wealthy compounds. At the same time, however, the crafted authenticity of Thames Town enables other dynamics that disrupt dominant expectations of who is entitled to be in the village. Brides and grooms who cannot afford to pay an established wedding salon, for example, hire small-budget photographers and use streets as rehearsal rooms. Sidewalks serve as places to change clothes, eat, and often sleep between photo-shoots. These do-it-yourself couples move constantly, so as not to get caught by guards who push them away from front-shops and crowded streets (only to let them move a few metres away).
In spite of the residents' efforts, migrant workers too emplace their own geographies by asserting a right to use and produce a city, no matter how crafted. Provisional kitchens appear at the entrances of buildings where migrant workers informally reside. During the evenings, areas in front of the gates become markets where migrant workers, guards and taxi drivers exchange fresh produce. Some migrants purposely flout the unwritten rules of Thames Town. While most official residents avoid the impropriety of hanging their washing out of the window (a habit they consider not British), some workers consciously break this doxa to remind affluent inhabitants that they live in the town too.
What Thames Town demonstrates is not simply that authenticity is a complex and opaque category, but also that it facilitates exclusion as well as unanticipated geographies. These geographies disrupt dominant ideas of what – and who – is appropriate, making visible other, insurgent urbanisms.
The production of authentic landscapes continues to exclude marginalised groups. From "historic" downtowns and "original" gentrifying neighbourhoods, to "ethnic" enclaves themed after an essentialised, "exotic other," hegemonic constructions of the authentic continue to oppress those who do not look authentic enough. Making space for these groups to emplace their needs and emotions can help empower them to break crafted landscapes of power and assert their right to the city.
Francesca Piazzoni is a Lecturer at the University of Liverpool, School of Architecture. Her research explores the politics of public space with a focus on design justice, insurgent urbanisms, and critical heritage. A licensed architect, Francesca started interrogating authenticity by practicing preservation in Italy, Lithuania, and China, where she designed several "fake" towns herself. These experiences translated into a book titled The Real Fake: Authenticity and the Production of Space (Fordham University Press, 2018).


text:
Q: concurrent reference counter class and scoped retain: is this ok? This is a question regarding coding design, so please forgive the long code listings: I could not resume these ideas and the potential pitfalls without showing the actual code.
I am writing a ConcurrentReferenceCounted class and would appreciate some feedback on my implementation. Sub-classes from this class will receive "release" instead of a direct delete.
Here is the class:
class ConcurrentReferenceCounted : private NonCopyable {
 public:
  ConcurrentReferenceCounted() : ref_count_(1) {}

  virtual ~ConcurrentReferenceCounted() {}

  void retain() {
    ScopedLock lock(mutex_);
    ++ref_count_;
  }

  void release() {
    bool should_die = false;
    {
      ScopedLock lock(mutex_);
      should_die = --ref_count_ == 0;
    }
    if (should_die) delete this;
  }

 private:
  size_t ref_count_;
  Mutex mutex_;
};

And here is a scoped retain:
class ScopedRetain {
public:
  ScopedRetain(ConcurrentReferenceCounted *object) : object_(object) {
    retain();
  }

  ScopedRetain() : object_(NULL) {}

  ~ScopedRetain() {
    release();
  }

  void hold(ConcurrentReferenceCounted *object) {
    assert(!object_); // cannot hold more then 1 object
    object_ = object;
    retain();
  }

private:
  ConcurrentReferenceCounted *object_;

  void release() {
    if (object_) object_->release();
  }

  void retain() {
    object_->retain();
  }
};

And finally this is a use case:
Object *target;
ScopedRetain sr;

if (objects_.get(key, &target))
  sr.hold(target);
else
  return;

// use target
// no need to 'release'

A: Your ConcurrentReferenceCounted seems to use a full mutex, which is not necessary and not very fast. Reference counting can be implemented atomically using architecture-dependent interlocked instructions. Under Windows, the InterlockedXXXfamily of functions simply wraps these instructions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Friday | January 28, 2022
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It's showtime! Here a schedule of everything that's happening today for Jokowi's inauguration and info on where you can go to celebrate
By Coconuts Jakarta
Oct 20, 2014 | 9:19am Jakarta time
Let's see if Jokowi's concert in Monas today draws a bigger crowd than this election rally in July
After a tough election battle, post-election drama and pre-inauguration political maneuvering, President-elect Joko Widodo finally gets a day to just celebrate how far he has come – from growing up in the slums of Solo all the way to leading Indonesia from the State Palace.
Today's events will start at 10am with the official inauguration ceremony for Jokowi and his Vice President, Jusuf Kalla at the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) complex in Senayan. The ceremony should take about an hour.
Around noon, Jokowi and JK will board a carriage to head up a parade in their honor, which will start at the Hotel Indonesia roundabout and follow Thamrin up to the State Palace. As we reported previously, food and drink vendors will be handing out hundreds of thousands of freebies to Jokowi's hungry supporters.
Once their carriage reaches the State Palace, Jokowi and JK will be welcomed by outgoing President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. The plan is to make the welcoming ceremony an open house event with 7,000 members of the public allowed to enter.
The last stop on Jokowi's inauguration agenda is the National Monument (Monas), where the new president is scheduled to arrive around 5pm to join his supporters for a concert featuring some of Indonesia's top bands, including Nidji, Syahrini and, of course, Slank. The concert is actually going all day – here's a schedule of all the acts that's been going around Twitter
"@giewahyudi: rundown acara #SyukuranRakyat Salam 3 Jari di Monas. Pukul 16.20 WIB, Pak @jokowi_do2 akan bergabung. pic.twitter.com/KpP3UZxX4W"
— Ulin Yusron (@ulinyusron) October 20, 2014
So you can get to Monas early if you like to ensure a good spot for Slank around 9:30, as it is rumored Jokowi may join them for a song as he did during the concert in his honor back in July. The final Instagrammable moment of the day will be the release of 7,000 lanterns into the sky.
Stay tuned to Coconuts Jakarta, as well as our Facebook and Twitter pages, for live updates from the inauguration all day!
#MakasihSBY the number one trending topic on Twitter in Jakarta
Agus Yudhoyono's handwritten farewell letter to his father, outgoing President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Hatchet Buried? After meeting, Prabowo says Merah Putih will support Jokowi (and that Jokowi will come to his house and sing)
Subscribe to The Coconuts Podcast for top trending news and pop culture from Southeast Asia and Hong Kong every Friday!
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text:
Q: Backbone List View / Rendering List View Items I am pretty new to Backbone.js. Please see my code for what I reference here. I have a View that is supposed to show a Collection of 'Stock' Models. This View is called 'StockDashboardView'. Each of the Stock Models that this View needs to can be shown with the 'StockDashboardItemView'. Before each StockDashboardItemView renders though, it's respective Stock Model needs to fetch some data (make a request for stock prices) so that the StockDashboardItemView can use the data to draw a graph. The StockDashboardView loops through each of the Stock Models and creates a StockDashboardItemView for each one. I should be getting 5 different graphs with different company datapoints in each. But all the graphs are the same, which means each of the 5 StockDashboardItemViews has the same model somehow. I know my fetch/looping logic is wrong but I don't know how or why. I also tried fetching in the individual StockDashboardItemViews instead of the StockDashboardView (see commented out code). Looking in my console.log statements I see the following print statements: (the collection has 5 models). Could someone please help me fix my logic? Thank you
----------1--------
----------1--------
----------1--------
----------1--------
----------1--------
----------2--------
----------3--------
----------2--------
----------3--------
----------2--------
----------3--------
----------2--------
----------3--------
----------2--------
----------3--------
            window.StockDashboardView = Backbone.View.extend({

                initialize: function () {
                    this.render();
                },

                render: function () {
                    var stocks = this.model.models;
                    var len = stocks.length;
                    var startPos = (this.options.page - 1) * 8;
                    var endPos = Math.min(startPos + 8, len);

                    $(this.el).html('

');
                    for (var i = startPos; i < endPos; i++) {
                        console.log("----------1--------");
                        var stock = stocks[i];
                        stock.set("_id", stocks[i].toJSON()["tickerSymbol"]);
                        stock.fetch({success: function(model, response, options){
                            stock.set("data", response);
                            // set interactivity to false
                            console.log("-----------2---------");
                            $('.thumbnails', this.el).append(new StockDashboardItemView({model: stock}).render().el);
                        }});

                    }

                    $(this.el).append(new Paginator({model: this.model, page: this.options.page}).render().el);

                    return this;
                }
            });

            window.StockDashboardItemView = Backbone.View.extend({

                tagName: "li",

                initialize: function () {
                    this.model.bind("change", this.render, this);
                    this.model.bind("destroy", this.close, this);
                },

                render: function () {
                    $(this.el).html(this.template(this.model.toJSON()));
                    var context = this.$("#chart_div")[0];
                    var stock = this.model;
                    stock.set("_id", stock.toJSON()["tickerSymbol"]);
                    //stock.fetch({success: function(model, response, options){
                        //stock.set("data", response);
                        // set interactivity to false
                        console.log("-----------3---------");
                        var chart = new TFChart(stock.get("_id"), stock.attributes['data'], context, false, this.$("#chart_div").width(), this.$("#chart_div").height());
                        return this;
                    //}});
                }
            });

A: In your for-loop, you use stock = stocks[i] to get each of the stock, then fetch them.
However, as .fetch is async method, when it starts to execute to render a view for stock, you'll notice that the stock is now point to the last item in the stocks, so it just render the last item for many times.
Why this happens? Because the var use function scope, not block scope(In ES6, there's a let can use block scope, but is a little off-topic here), so all of the .fetch's success callback, when they want to use stock, they all see the same stock, which would be the last assigned value in for-loop, and should be the last item of stocks.
It's a scope issue, and the solution is to wrap the context to a function, so the function's scope will keep the item for you:
render: function () {
    var stocks = this.model.models;
    var len = stocks.length;
    var startPos = (this.options.page - 1) * 8;
    var endPos = Math.min(startPos + 8, len);

    // Move this.el to here, so the this.el's this won't be a problem.
    var thisEl = this.el;
    var fetchStock = function(stock) {
        stock.set("_id", stocks[i].toJSON()["tickerSymbol"]);
        stock.fetch({success: function(model, response, options){
            stock.set("data", response);
            // set interactivity to false
            console.log("-----------2---------");
            $('.thumbnails', thisEl).append(new StockDashboardItemView({model: stock}).render().el);
        }});
    };

    $(this.el).html('

');
    for (var i = startPos; i < endPos; i++) {
        console.log("----------1--------");
        fetchStock(stocks[i]);
    }

    $(this.el).append(new Paginator({model: this.model, page: this.options.page}).render().el);

    return this;
}

As you can see, now when we call fetchStock, it's stock will reference to  the current stocks[i], and that won't be affect by the loop after it.


Grey And Yellow Living Room – The gray color is, without a doubt, one of the classic tones that will always be in fashion! Yes, there are surely people who consider that it is a faded color, devoid of uniqueness, too phlegmatic. We propose you to combine it with the bright and fresh color par excellence to counterbalance it. Why, indeed, do not consider the gray and yellow living room decor as a way to refresh the interior space?
First, these are tones very often used together by world-renowned interior designers. So we could not be mistake in imitating the top decorators, is not it? In addition, the different shades of gray can be easily adaptation to any style of decoration and bring even more style and elegance to the interior. And if you believe that having a grey and yellow living room can be a little too much, accompany those shades of a lot of pristine white.
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VMware Server: Some assembly required. Never fear, expert Andrew Kutz is here -- read this eight-part tip and be the IT pro in the know on getting VMware up and running.
Only IT geniuses can jump into the deployment of VMware Server on Microsoft Server 2003 without doing some homework. If they're that smart, however, they'll realize that installing this free virtualization platform correctly can be as complex as calculating pi.
Part one of this series offered basic guidelines and a brief look at how VMware Server works. Moving right along, this installment reveals the important components and services within VMware Server and how to prepare the host servers. Future segments cover Windows installation, VMware Server security and more.
So, let's look at the most important components of VMware Server, which include user accounts and groups, services and executables.
VMware Server creates a user account on the server called "__vmware_user__" when it is installed. This seems to be a hold over from the GSX days and seems to have been supplanted by the VMware Authorization Service.
VMware Server also creates a group on the server called "__vmware__". "__vmware_user__" is a member of this group. Members of this group have the "SE_INTERACTIVE_LOGON" user right that enables them to log on locally. This is a good group to use to grant non-administrative accounts the ability to remotely connect to the VMware Server.
The VMware Authorization Service is what listens for incoming connections from local and remote VMware Server Console applications. It listens on port 902 for these incoming connections. The service also authenticates users.
The VMware DHCP Service serves IP addresses to VMs on the server that are NATd or on private networks.
The VMware NAT Service is what allows VMs on the NATd networks to communicate with the public Internet.
The VMware Registration Service is used to stop and start VMs and manage their connections.
VMware-cmd.exe can be used to control VMware Server and the VMs from the command line. To learn more about this command simply type the following on a command prompt, "%ProgramFiles%\VMware\VMware Server\vmware-cmd.exe". More information on this command can also be found at www.vmware.com/support/developer.
VMware-vmx.exe is the process that hosts the actual VMs. The security context in which this command is run is very important and will be discussed later.
Now deprecated in VMware VI3, the MUI is a way to interact with the VMware Server via a Web browser. It is accessible via HTTP at http://%HOSTNAME%:8222/ and HTTPS at http://%HOSTNAME%:8333/. SSL is enforced by default.
Before beginning, unplug the server's ethernet cables from their network ports. Most servers get hacked because they are installed in an unsecured state. Secure the server off the network and then restore its network connectivity at a later time.
If the server only has one network port, it helps to install a PCI ethernet card to provide an additional network port. This will allow for a private management network interface and a public network interface for the virtual machines.
Many of the steps to facilitate a private management network interface are discussed later in this document under the RDP, Firewall and VMware sections, but one step is possible at this time. Out of all available NICs on the server, patch one of those NIC's ethernet cables into a private network. The network does not even need to have access to the public Internet; its sole purpose is to provide the server administrator with access to the server.
If for some reason this cannot be accomplished, do not worry, it is still possible to create a private management network interface using the tools that Windows provides. A true, physical, private network is just a nice added layer of security.
An oft-overlooked part of configuring an application is its disk I/O requirements. More often than not, slow disk access is the culprit when it comes to errors with VMs rather than the usual suspects of CPU and memory.
RAID-5 was not used, because although it is popular, there is a performance penalty for computing parity on every write.
While everyone has their own RAID configuration preferences, the attempt was made to present a few configurations that will provide the best possible disk access times without sacrificing redundancy. The labels "system" and "data" indicate in which container the OS should be installed and the data (in this case, the VMs) should be stored, respectively.
In part three, we'll discuss how to install Windows and its components.


1. identify and describle the major functions of the four agencies of the Department of Justice. Of the four agencies, provide a rationale for which agency you feel has the greatest responsibility as it relates to federal law enforcement.
2. Explain the purposes of the Uniform Crime Reports and the National Crime Information Center. Identify and discuss the various weaknesses related to the accuracy of the Uniform Crime Report.
3. Describle the major role of police executives using the Mintzberg model of chief executive officers. Of the executive roles described in the model, provide a rationale for which role you feel is the most important for a chief executive officers success.
4. Examine two legislative enactments that are in place to help combat terrorism. Provide your opinion on the effectiveness of these enactments in regards to combating terrorism.
5. Analyze the problems related to determing the actual numbers of hate crimes and what makes hate crimes different from other crimes.


Below are the forms/information for the 2018-2019 PSP Travel Teams.
We are offering two 18 & Under Teams and a 16 & Under Team for this year.
If you can't make the try-outs on December 1st, please notify Coach Wally or Coach Megan prior to that date.


text:
spring-boot-angular-example
===========================

Example Spring Boot JSON Rest API with Angular Client built for the cloud!


text:
Macron Rules Out Changes To Brexit Deal Text
Home - National, NationalBy News December 13, 2018 Leave a comment
LONDON (AP) — French President Emmanuel Macron has ruled out the possibility that the Brexit withdrawal text that all 28 leaders, including British Prime Minister Theresa May, endorsed last month can be altered. Speaking ahead of a Brexit discussion at a summit of European Union leaders in Brussels, Macron said it is "important to avoid…
Missouri GOP Calls On Lawyer To Step Aside In Hawley Review
Home - Local, Home Slider FeatureBy News December 13, 2018 Leave a comment
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) — The Missouri GOP is calling on an attorney for the secretary of state to recuse herself from investigating outgoing Republican Attorney General Josh Hawley. Missouri GOP spokesman Chris Nuelle on Wednesday said Secretary of State Deputy General Counsel Khristine Heisinger has a conflict because she donated to Hawley's former rival,…
Turkey Train Crash Leaves 9 Dead, Dozens Injured
Home - National, Home Slider Feature, NationalBy News December 13, 2018 Leave a comment
By BURHAN OZBILICI and SUZAN FRASER , Associated Press ANKARA, Turkey (AP) — A high-speed train hit a railway engine and crashed into a pedestrian overpass Thursday at a station in the Turkish capital of Ankara, killing nine people and injuring dozens, officials said. The 6:30 a.m. train from Ankara to the central Turkish city…
Man Shot Inside Metro East Bowling Alley
Author: Glenn Fuselier Published: 2:53 Am CST December 13, 2018 (KTRS) St. Louis MO A scary situation for bowlers inside a bowling alley Wednesday night. O'Fallon Illinois Police say a man walked into the bar area at the St.Clair Bowling Alley on Old Collinsville Road around 11 PM and shot a man in the chest. Police…
Suspect Shot Dead by St. Louis Police Officer
An investigation into a stolen car this afternoon led to an altercation that left a suspect dead and a St. Louis Police officer taken to a hospital with injuries. The officer shot the suspect in the chest and was himself injured in the incident at a gas station near the intersection of Goodfellow and Lillian. Investigators…
Officer, Suspect Hospitalized After Shooting
Home - Local, Home Slider Feature, NationalBy News December 12, 2018 Leave a comment
ST. LOUIS (AP) — A St. Louis police officer and a suspect are both hospitalized after an officer-involved shooting on the city's north side. The shooting happened shortly after noon on Wednesday. Police have released no details about what led to the shooting but say one suspect was shot in the chest and an officer…
Ex-Trump Lawyer Cohen gets 3 Years in Prison
By LARRY NEUMEISTER and TOM HAYS , Associated Press NEW YORK (AP) — Michael Cohen, Donald Trump's once-devoted lawyer and all-around fixer, was sentenced Wednesday to three years in prison after telling a federal judge that his "blind loyalty" to Trump led him to cover up the president's "dirty deeds." Standing alone at the defense table,…
Missouri Town Reconsidering Removal Of Christian Cross
OZARK, Mo. (AP) — The southwest Missouri city of Ozark that had said it was removing a Christian cross from its holiday display is reconsidering. Ozark officials originally said Tuesday that the cross would come down after the city received a complaint from the freedom From Religion Foundation, which said the display violates the principle…
Ex-Trump Lawyer Michael Cohen Faces Possible Jail Sentence
By JIM MUSTIAN and LARRY NEUMEISTER , Associated Press NEW YORK (AP) — Michael Cohen, a lawyer who made his career protecting President Donald Trump, is set to learn Wednesday whether his decision to cooperate with federal investigators will lessen his punishment for crimes including making illegal hush-money payments to two women during the 2016…
Two Die After Car Plunges Into Retention Pond In Kirkwood
Kirkwood, MO (KTRS) Two people are dead after a car crashed into a retention pond in Kirkwood. The accident happened at just after 10 p.m. Tuesday. According to police, the driver suffered a medical emergency when he hit a fence after exiting off of I-44 to Lindbergh. The car plunged into a retention pond, trapping the…
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text:
Us vs. Them
info@BeyondtheEquator.com
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The Beyond the Equator Symbols
When we first started brainstorming our logo, we knew we wanted to incorporate our experience farming in South America into the identity of our brand. The experience of going "Beyond the Equator" and coming back with exciting insights is at the core of our culture and we wanted that message present in our logo. We narrowed down our experiences in South America to two main concepts: farming of the land and learning from the culture. From these two points we chose to make the content of our symbols about the experience of farming while having the culture and art of South America inspire the aesthetics.
After we decided what we wanted our symbols to represent, we shifted our focus to designing the figures and shapes themselves. Our main goal was to find inspiration from the aesthetics of South American artistic styles out of respect toward all that we learned from farming and working there. Drawing from books, websites, and personal experiences, we created an assortment of designs for our symbols and eventually settled on the three we use today.
Depicted in the first symbol is a seed enclosed in a square representing earth. Second is an open triangle representing a mountain with three small circles representing rain. The third symbol is a circle with a cross through the middle, representing the sun. Collectively, the symbols portray the natural resources needed to farm: seed, earth, rain, and sunlight.
After much work and deliberation, we completed the three symbols we use today. Our hope is that we can use our story and experience behind the symbols to spread awareness of all that South America has taught us, especially when it comes to ancient grains and farming.
Now that you know our story, check out the products that we've created!
Sign up to learn more about our products and stay up to date on everything Beyond the Equator!
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© 2021, Beyond the Equator
Request a free sample!
We are giving away free single serving samples of our best selling Creamy 5 Seed Butter!


text:
WPP Merges Y&R & VML For A New Integrated Offer
3 years ago by AM News DeskAdvertising
WPP has merged two of its agencies – Y&R and VML to create a fully integrated digital and creative offering VMLY&R. VMLY&R's proposition will combine brand experience and brand advertising, drawing on the complementary expertise of VML and Y&R to create connected brands that drive… Read More
MENA's Lion Tamers
Another Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity is in the books, and the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) region ensured its presence, albeit significantly restrained from previous years, at the festival this year too. If winning numbers alone are to be considered, the 65th… Read More
TBWA\Raad Leads MENA's 17 Lions Total Tally At Cannes Lions 2018
In pure numbers, this may not have been Middle East & North Africa's (MENA) best run at Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. In comparison to the 39 Lions that the region had won last year, this year the total tally from MENA is at… Read More
Standing #HandInHand With Refugees This Ramadan
The Middle East creative industry has been looking at different ways to raise awareness around the battles that people are facing in conflict hit areas. Syrian and Rohingya families, torn apart by war, are driven away from the safety of their homes. As countless, widowed… Read More
MENA Agencies Bring Home 11 D&AD Pencils
Y&R, FP7/, Memac Ogilvy, Superunion, BBDO, TBWA\Raad and The Classic Partnership Advertising have all won, bringing home Graphite and Wood Pencils, at the 56th D&AD Professional Awards. Y&R Dubai has won one Graphite Pencil and two Wood Pencils, equivalent of Silver and Bronze metals respectively,… Read More
FP7/CAI, Y&R Win Gold At Andy Awards
The International Andy Awards, probably the first award to hold a live broadcast of its jury deliberations on the entries, has announced its winners for this year. From the region, FP7/CAI has won in Idea and Craft category for its campaign 'Now or Never' for… Read More
Y&R's #Voice4Alan Urges To Stand With Refugee Children
It has been two years to the tragic drowning of Alan Kurdi. A refugee boy whose body washed up on the shores, shook the world and opened people's eyes to the plight of a refugee. At that time, the world came together in solidarity. The… Read More
Y&R, The Classic Partnership Shortlisted In Product Design Lions
5 years ago by Asma WangdeAdvertising
The jurors at the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity have given out a total of 60 shortlists in the Product Design Lions category. The Middle East & Africa (MENA) region has only two entries that have made the cut in the shortlist. These include… Read More
TBWA\, Impact BBDO, Y&R Top Runners In Print Shortlist
A total of 47 entries have made it to the Print & Publishing shortlist in the Dubai Lynx International Festival of Creativity. TBWA\ has 14 of these. TBWA\Istanbul has been shortlisted for Nasmed, and TBWA\Raad Dubai has been shortlisted for Go Sport and Emirates Group.… Read More
Trump As President Ups MENA Adland's 'Uncertainty' Quotient
Dramatic upset, stunning victory, sheer disaster –– the appointment of Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States has attracted extreme reactions from people all across the globe. And the best and brightest of the global and regional advertising and marketing industry are… Read More


Learn how to use the natural world as a learning tool to improve outcomes for young children in your center.
Find out how to use the natural world as a learning tool to improve outcomes for young children in your classroom.
View this webinar to learn how leadership can create opportunities for intentional, interconnected PFCE practices that are linked to family outcomes and children's school readiness.


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Q: How can I examine RUNLEVEL from a bash script on Rasbpian? I'm writing a bash script that needs to examine the current runlevel, and do different things depending on it. For most Linux distros, it seems there should be a RUNLEVEL environment variable, and if so it would be easy.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but Rasbpian does not seem to set a RUNLEVEL variable.
Can I somehow have the runlevel value exported as an environment variable, or is there another way to examine the current runlevel from a script? Is there any other way than parsing the output from the runlevel command?

A: The command runlevel | cut -d ' ' -f2 should give you the output of current runlevel.
If you need it in a variable to use it in your script, you could have it as,
runlevel_variable=$(runlevel | cut -d ' ' -f2)
echo "$runlevel_variable"

The above gives me the current runlevel of my machine.


In 2004, units from the 25th Division deployed to Iraq to take part in the occupation of the country. The 2nd Brigade deployed around February 2004 to Iraq and returned to Schofield Barracks a year later.
Our 25th Infantry Division Operation Iraqi Freedom Patch is a 4 inch, full color, 100% embroidered military patch. This patch would be a great gift idea and a wonderful addition to your patch collection.