Make sure your resume is easy to read. Remember, it's a summary, not an autobiography. Use concise, unambiguous sentences and avoid over-writing. The reader is likely to be busy and not inclined to struggle through flowery prose.
Keep the overall length of your resume short. Depending upon your experience, one or two pages is ideal. A three-page resume should be considered only if it is absolutely necessary to do justice to your career experience.
Stress your past accomplishments and the skills you used to get the desired results. Your accomplishment statements must grab the reader, and quantify the results. Did you increase profits? By what percentage or dollar amount? Did you save the organization time and/or money? How much?
Focus on information that's relevant to your own career goals. If you're making a career change, stress what skills are transferable to support your new career objectives.
Neatness counts. And how! A poorly structured, badly typed resume tells the reader much about the applicant — none of it good. Spend the extra money to have your resume typed or word processed, or even printed. It's well worth it.
If you're considering enclosing a photograph of yourself, don't! It's not necessary, and no matter how attractive you may be, it's possible that you may bear a striking resemblance to someone the reader doesn't like, and that could mean a strike-out for you!
If you're planning to include personal references on your resume, don't! A potential employer is interested in references only if he or she is seriously considering hiring you. At that time, you may be asked to provide reference information.
Avoid odd-size paper or loud colors. 8 1/2 X 11-inch paper — in white, buff or beige, is appropriate. Also, be sure to use a good quality paper.
Your salary history or reasons for leaving previous jobs should never be included in a resume. Also, don't mention sexual harassment issues, lawsuits, workers' compensation claims, or say, "they fired me for no good reason." In addition, leave out any discussion about hobbies, musical instruments you play, sports you enjoy, your marital status (with the number and gender of kids), age or race. This is a business marketing document, so limit the information on it to business related issues.
Don't include references to areas of your life that are not business related, or have nothing to do with your current career goals. Membership in outside social organizations, military service, etc., have no place in a resume, unless they somehow apply to your job objectives.
Last, but certainly not least -- don't have any unreasonable expectations of what a resume can do. You will be guilty of a grave error in judgment if you expect someone to hire you because of your resume. It never happens! Your resume is simply a piece of paper. It comes with no guarantee of truthfulness, and it certainly can't close a deal. You may choose to believe that your record speaks for itself, but the truth is: Only you speak for yourself.


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Hogs Haven Mailbag: Where can we expect improvement from the Redskins in 2018? Hogs Haven Mailbag Time!Questions are submitted through Twitter to @Kennedy_Paynter with the tag #HogsHavenQAlthough this is a general question http://www.redskinsfootballauthentics.com/josh-norman-jersey-authentic , it's a good one. What should we expect from the defense? Obviously, no one knows how things will play out on the field in 2018, but the progress over this past offseason is promising. While losing Kendall Fuller and Bashau d Breeland to start the offseason hurt, the Redskins faced a necessary evil in trading Fuller while letting the persistent headache of #26 leave in free agency. In addition, they felt they had more-than-adequate young talent/depth at CB in Quinton Dunbar and Fabian Moreau. The team has faith in DB coach Torrian Gray and he has given them reason to expect him to get the most out of the talent on the team. Up front is where the Redskins might see the biggest jump. Jonathan Allen and Matt Ioannidis had the Redskins' pass-rush (3rd in NFL) and run-defense (5th in the league) humming while they were both healthy and they return to a line that has added two talented, young nose tackles to the roster in DaRon Payne and Tim Settle. Now the team doesn't have to rotate defensive ends in at NT and they can rely on real run-stuffers and pocket-pushers to make things easier on their defensive line mates. Allen and Ioannidis will be able to a) stay fresh and b) avoid double teams with Payne and Settle taking those responsibilities away, freeing up those two aforementioned disruptors to rush the passer, and we haven't even begun to talk about the OLBs coming off the edges! Preston Smith and Ryan Kerrigan could truly have special years with the potential interior disruption this team looks to have on paper. Now that potential has to turn into production.All in all, I believe a jump to a top 15 defense is possible-and perhaps even expected in 2018.I put these two questions together because I think I can give a similar answer to both. I absolutely believe the Redskins red-zone offense will improve this season, and it's because of the change at quarterback. Players and coaches have praised Alex Smith for his mobility and awareness both in general and in the red zone partly because this is where he excels, but also because of the stark contrast between him and Kirk Cousins in this area. Kirk admitted routinely that he was 'process oriented' and was often not willing to take chances or extend plays, especially in the red-zone. As a Redskins fan, watching #8 hurl the ball through the goalposts was an all-too-familiar sight. Alex Smith is the opposite. While he isn't Aaron Rodgers, he possesses a little of that extend-until-the-last-moment approach-something I believe will be a welcome change in the red-zone. Why does this matter? Well http://www.redskinsfootballauthentics.com/trent-williams-jersey-authentic , because Jay Gruden LOVES the boot/pre-snap action game and wants to utilize it more in 2018 with Smith under center. Gruden had to have also been absolutely maddened by the fact that the Redskins have been one of the most effective teams in the league moving the ball between the 20-yard-lines but in the bottom 5 in scoring since Kirk took over. I think Gruden truly believes that changes this year, as he is implementing a lot more variance into the offense and really opening things up. He expects Alex Smith to take chances and to make plays, he wants to score more. A lot more. From everything I saw at camp (sweep action/motions pre-snap, bootlegs, options, zone-read), I truly believe that Jay is more comfortable with Smith at quarterback and is excited to expand the playbook in 2018. Plus, now the Redskins have a quarterback that can actually throw the fade! All in all, the QB change in Washington should pay dividends in the red zone for a team that ranked 30th in red zone scoring in 2017.I love this question. I believe that our offensive line has both the size and the athletic ability to try run any scheme. It's rare to have players that are as big and as powerful as the Redskins do that can pull and move the way they do on outside runs. My problem with the Redskins running scheme is how diverse it is. If you've listened to Chris Cooley on game broadcasts or the radio, he echoes this sentiment. The Redskins need to pick something they like and stick with it rather than implementing all different types of runs, almost like spreading themselves too thin. It's hard for the linemen and tight ends to change the way they block so much throughout a game, and I'd really like to see them stick to inside/outside zone or a power scheme without always switching back and forth. If I were coaching this team, I would be running outside zone with cutback concepts on the inside. I think our line is best on the move because of how quickly these huge men move (Trent Williams is just incredible). This also requires, however http://www.redskinsfootballauthentics.com/ryan-kerrigan-jersey-authentic , better blocking from the tight ends. On a zone read play, the running back delays and patiently waits for the hole to develop as the linemen go by them. If the tight end doesn't hold their backside defensive end (which Reed and Davis were abysmal at last year), the defensive end knifes in easily to disrupt the play in the backfield. If Jeremy Sprinkle can get more time as a blocking tight end, the running game would really benefit. My advice: pick a scheme and stick with it!The group that worries me the most is the interior offensive line. While I like the starters on the line, we saw last year that a couple injuries halted a very effective, growing offense. I doubt that the team will be decimated at tackle the way they were last year, and both Geron Christian and Ty Nsekhe can be trusted to fill in at tackle if needed. If one of the interior guys goes down though, look out. Tony Bergstrom is a decent backup center, but he's a backup center for a reason, he gets pushed back too easily at the point of attack. Beyond him, the team would likely be trusting Tyler Catalina at either guard spot, and as we all saw last year, Catalina just can't get it done on the interior. With health, this offseason could prove to be a force this year http://www.redskinscheapstore.com/morgan-moses-jersey-cheap , but a couple of injuries to interior offensive linemen could completely derail that side of the ball for the Redskins.That's all for this week! Keep hitting me up with questions on Twitter (@Kennedy_Paynter) with the tag #HogsHavenQ. I'll answer the best questions each week! The Cowboys might not get invited to the White House anytime soon, but they're taking a day off Monday to stay in Washington and see some other sights.Via Clarence Hill of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, the Cowboys will take advantage of the bye week after this week's game in Washington to stay in D.C. overnight so players and coaches can attend聽the National Museum of African American History and Culture.Cowboys quarterback Dak Prescott said that coach Jason Garrett suggested the trip to the team's leadership council, and it quickly gained traction there. They've taken a number of other field trips in the past, visiting the Navy Seals headquarters in San Diego in 2012 after a preseason game, and the Ground Zero memorial in New York City in 2015.鈥淚t鈥檚 huge, I鈥檓 excited for it,鈥?Prescott said. 鈥淚 think it鈥檚 going to be a great trip. We are going to learn a lot and see some things. I think it鈥檚 going to be great for our team, great camaraderie.鈥漃layers are generally off Monday anyway, so it's an easy addition to their schedule.鈥淲e just thought it was a great opportunity because of proximity,鈥?owner Jerry Jones said. 鈥淚t means so much to the players but also the National Football League and our game. Here we are in the nation鈥檚 capital and wanted to take the time to do that. We are making a big effort to go over there.鈥漁f course, Jones probably wouldn't mind a trip to another Washington landmark, but his General Manager would need to stock his team with better players for that to become a reality anytime soon.


Day 1: Arrive at 9.30am at our high country farming property that's been in the Watson family for many generations. After saddling up, we set off on our 'Man from Snowy River' experience on horseback. We ride up to spectacular 360 degree views and along the way, watch out for the wildlife that often takes a look at us, including kangaroos, wallabies and Australia's largest bird of flight, the wedge tail eagle. We stop at "Dungeon Hut" for a picnic lunch and then in the afternoon we traverse the bridle tracks through quiet valleys and points of rich historical interest. We arrive at the "Hideout" a basic bunkhouse on the banks of the Howqua River.
Day 2: Next morning we enjoy an early hearty country breakfast and start our journey up the majestic Howqua River along the river track towards "Frys Flat". There are around 60 river crossings and plenty of river flats for cantering. We stop for a lunch at "Fry's Hut" before riding through to "Seven Mile" where we camp under canvas for the evening by the river.
Day 5: We pack up camp and ride down towards "Pikes Flat" and then switch onto the high track. We carry our lunches and enjoy the same at "Ritchies Hut". After lunch we switch onto the River Trail and ride through to "Seven Mile" for the evening.
Day 6: We ride along the river trail with its many long canters and ride into Sheepyard Flat for lunch. We then pick up the Howqua Feeder Track and ride along the escarpment looking down on the Howqua River. We arrive at the "Hideout" for the evening.
Day 7: After a hearty breakfast we ride along the goat track through to the Lower Howqua and then ride up to "Kate Cameron's" peak the site where the famous downhill scene was filmed in the "Man from Snowy River" movie. We then ride down to our farm house for lunch to complete our seven day journey.


text:
The state of the screenwriting software art: 2012 edition
January 23rd, 2012 | by KT | screenwriting
Not quite twelve months ago I wrote about finally giving up, once and for all, on Final Draft as a tool for screenwriting. I also wrote about what were, for me, the shortcomings of any potential alternatives.
Now, almost a year later, it's interesting to see how much — or how little — has changed.
The most significant thing that happened in 2011, although I may be slightly biased, was the release of Fade In Professional Screenwriting Software: a complete screenwriting application designed not to match expensive legacy software like Final Draft and Movie Magic Screenwriter in terms of features, usability, and functionality, but to unequivocally surpass them. Fade In does all the formatting, revision management, page and scene locking, and more that a professional screenwriter needs. It imports and exports Final Draft and other formats easily. It's available on an unmatched range of platforms, including Mac OS X, Windows, Linux, iPhone/iPad, and Android. And it does it all for a fraction of the price of the older alternatives.
Another significant thing was the introduction of Screenplay Markdown (SPMD), a plaintext screenplay formatting proposal by Stu Maschwitz. The really useful thing about it is that it describes a set of relatively simple rules for formatting a screenplay using only a basic text editor. An SPMD-aware program can then take that script and output a screenplay that looks like it was created with a full-featured screenwriting application. It's a very appealing workflow for screenwriting on a phone or tablet, and Fade In has supported it ever since it was introduced. Stu has said that there are some big things in store for SPMD, so keep an eye out for those.
Final Draft and Movie Magic Screenwriter both offered minor updates last year to address the fact that they wouldn't install and run properly on Mac OS X Lion. It seems like they were caught off-guard by Apple's release and had to rush to address the realization by users that their aging software wouldn't run on their new operating system. As far as I know — although I left them both behind a long time ago — the updates didn't otherwise specifically address issues with functionality or features, and at least in MMS's case, a number of components still don't work. (Oh: in 2011 one of them did have the dubious distinction of being targeted by hackers, revealing security vulnerabilities in the application.)
Final Draft has been promising an iPad version since 2010. (Coming Spring 2011!) Finally late last year Final Draft Inc. admitted that they were still working on it and that it will be a reader app only, much to the dismay and outrage of its loyal users who appear to feel they've had the rug pulled out from under them after waiting for so long for Final Draft editing capabilities on their mobile devices. Sure, it seems like an odd thing to be spending time on when a great Final Draft iPad reader already exists, but this is one area where I can't imagine what poor Final Draft Inc. can possibly hope to do: The economics of the app market are very different from the economics of the $250-per-copy-of-Final-Draft market, and what people really want is a mobile version of Final Draft that does almost everything the $250 version does, but they want to pay about $4.99 for it, tops. On the other hand, that people might actually still believe Final Draft will do that for them, gutting their core product and its gargantuan profit margin, is an invigorating confirmation of the power of human optimism.
Adobe Story and Celtx both made minor releases in 2011 — Celtx, in fact, updated for the last time on the same day almost a year ago when I raised my concerns with it — but by the looks of it the most either of them managed to do was add dialogue numbering. So I guess for Story and Celtx users, there's that.
Happy screenwriting in 2012.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{Introduction}
Following the discovery of the Ba\u{n}ados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) metric~\cite{btzmetric}, the black hole solutions in $(2+1)$ dimensions have intrigued physicists over the last three decades both in the context of general relativity and low energy string theory. Motivated by the considerable simplification of the field equations, classical, quantum and thermodynamic  properties of the lower dimensional black holes have been extensively studied. The BTZ black hole is also a solution to low energy string theory. The Einstein-Maxwell dilaton action with different values of couplings can yield different black hole solutions in 2+1 dimensions.
In this respect Chan and Mann considered the Einstein-Maxwell dilaton action with arbitrary couplings $a$, $b$ and $B$\cite{mann}:
\begin{equation}
S=\int d^3x \sqrt{-g}\Big[ R-\frac{B}{2}(\nabla\phi)^2-e^{-4 a\phi}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}+2e^{b\phi}\Lambda\Big],
\label{action1}
\end{equation}
where $\phi$ represents the dilaton field, and $\Lambda$ is the cosmological constant while we set $B=8$ \cite{mann}. If we assume $\phi=k \ln(r/\beta)$, the couplings are fixed by the rule $4ak=bk=N-2$ so that the action (\ref{action1}) is conformally related to the low energy string action in 2+1 dimensions \cite{mann}. The field equations yield exact black hole solutions with mass $M$, electric charge $Q$ in the form
\begin{eqnarray}
 ds^2=&&-\left(-2Mr^{(2/N)-1}+ \frac{8\Lambda r^2}{(3N-2)N} + \frac{8Q^2}{(2-N)N}\right)dt^2  \nonumber\\&&
+\frac{4r^2 dr^2}{N^2 \gamma^{(4/N)}\left(-2Mr^{(2/N)-1} + \frac{8\Lambda r^2}{(3N-2)N} + \frac{8Q^2}{(2-N)N}\right)} +r^2 d\theta^2 .
\label{metric0}
\end{eqnarray}
Mann and Chan has used the following notation for the electric charge of black hole: $Q^2=\frac{q^2\beta}{\gamma^2}$, here the arbitrary couplings can be set to unity as a special case. These solutions represent black holes surrounded by an event horizon provided that $2>N>(2/3)$~\cite{mann}.
In this work we focus on the particular solution for $N=1$, $b=4a=4$, $\gamma=1$ and $k=-1/4$. The resulting metric describes a static charged dilaton black hole  in (2+1)-dimensions \cite{fer0}
\begin{eqnarray}
 ds^2&=&-(8\Lambda r^2 - 2Mr  +8Q^2)dt^2 +\frac{4r^2 dr^2}{( 8\Lambda r^2 -2Mr +8Q^2)}+ r^2 d\theta^2, \nonumber \\
&& \phi=\left (\frac{-1}{4}\right) \ln \left( \frac{r}{\beta} \right); \quad F_{01}=e^{4\phi}\frac{Q}{r} .\label{metric}
\end{eqnarray}
There exists a singularity at $r=0$ which is covered by an event horizon, provided that $M\geq 8Q\sqrt{\Lambda}$.  For later calculations, we assume $\beta=1$. The spatial coordinates of the inner outer event horizons is given by
\begin{equation}
r_{\pm}=\frac{M \pm \sqrt{M^2-64Q^2\Lambda}}{8 \Lambda}.
\end{equation}
The spacetime represents a black hole with Hawking temperature
\begin{equation}
T_{\rm{H}}=\frac{M}{4\pi r_+}\sqrt{1-\frac{64 Q^2 \Lambda}{M^2}} ,\label{hawt}
\end{equation}
which vanishes in the extremal case $M=8Q\sqrt{\Lambda}$.

In literature, numerous aspects of lower dimensional charged dilaton black holes have been studied, including quasi normal modes~\cite{fer0}, Hawking radiation and other thermodynamical aspects \cite{iz,seb}. The black hole has also been used as a particle accelerator \cite{fer}. More recently, these black holes are explored in the framework of non-linear electrodynamics as well \cite{hendi}. We are interested to test the weak form of the cosmic censorship conjecture (wccc) for a charged 2+1 dimensional black hole. The conjecture was proposed by Penrose to maintain the deterministic nature of general relativity in the existence of a curvature singularity~\cite{ccc}. As the singularity theorems by Penrose and Hawking indicated that the formation of singularities is inevitable in gravitational collapse, Penrose conjectured these singularities to be hidden behind the event horizons of black holes. In this manner the observers at asymptotically flat infinity do not encounter any effects propagating out of the singularity, and the space-time maintains its smooth causal structure. The stability of the event horizon is also crucial to assign thermodynamical properties to a black hole.

A general proof of wccc turned out to be elusive. Wald constructed a thought experiment where one perturbs  an extremal or a nearly extremal black hole with test particles or fields and checks if it is possible to destroy the event horizon ~\cite{wald74}. Though the notion of distant observers is not well defined in Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space-times, the stability of event horizons has been tested in (2+1) and higher dimensions by constructing Wald type thought experiments~\cite{vitor,rocha,gwak1,gwak2,btz,gwak3, J1,J2,dilat}. Another motivation for testing the validity of wccc in asymptotically AdS space-times arises from the AdS/CFT correspondence, which connects string theories formulated on AdS space-times to conformal field theories on the boundary. In particular if a BTZ black hole can be overspun beyond extremality, there exists states on the boundary theory rotating at speeds larger than the speed of light. In this respect Rocha and Cardoso constructed a thought experiment and claimed that BTZ black holes cannot be overspun and one should be distrustful of any process that would result in the overspinning of a black hole in AdS space-time~\cite{vitor}. However, it was later shown --by one of the authors-- that the process described by themselves can lead to overspinning  if one starts with a nearly extremal black hole~\cite{btz}. In this work we continue to probe the stability of event horizons  by testing the validity of wccc for charged dilaton black holes in (2+1) dimensions for $N=1$. We are also going to evaluate the validity of the third law of black hole thermodynamics, which states that the black holes cannot be continuously driven to extremality.

\section{Charged dilaton black holes and wccc}

There exist  numerous Gedanken  experiments in literature where the validity of wccc is tested in the interactions of black holes with test particles~\cite{hu,jacob,gao,magne,higher,v1,dkn,overspin,emccc,duztas,toth,natario,hawk,mode,siahaan,taub-nut,w2,kerrsen,generic,gwak5,manko,chen1,chen2,string,J3}. In the test particle approximation, the geometrical structure of the spacetime is maintained, however small variations in the mass, charge and angular momentum parameters of the black hole are observed. These variations determine the final parameters of the spacetime, which could represent a black hole or a naked singularity.

We assume that the test particles which are not absorbed by the black hole are scattered back to infinity without changing the parameters of the background geometry. There exists a lower limit for the energy of the test particle, which allows its absorption by the black hole. In addition, we point out that the dynamics of charged test particles in the vicinity of (2+1)-charged dilaton black hole is studied in \cite{fer} where it is demonstrated with the use of numerical properties of effective potential that the charged particle is absorbed by the black hole provided the energy of the particle is greater than a certain critical energy.

One can derive  the lower limit of energy by considering the dynamics of a test particle of mass $m$ charge $q$ in a curved background, described by the geodesic equations
\begin{equation}
\ddot{x}^{\mu}+ \Gamma^{\mu}_{~\rho \sigma}\dot{x}^{\rho} \dot{x}^{\sigma}=\frac{q}{m}F^{\mu \nu}\dot{x}_{\nu}.
\end{equation}
These equations follow from the Lagrangian
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}=\frac{1}{2}mg_{\mu \nu}\dot{x}^{\mu}\dot{x}^{\nu}+ qA_{\mu}\dot{x}^{\mu},
\end{equation}
where $A_\mu$ is the vector potential. For the metric (\ref{metric}), $F=dA$ implies that  ${\bf A}=(-Q/r) dt$. Since the given metric is static and endowed with a timelike Killing vector, the energy of the particle will be conserved
\begin{eqnarray}
E&=&-\frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial \dot{t}}=-mg_{00}\dot{t}-qA_0 \nonumber \\
&=&m\left(-2Mr+ 8\Lambda r^2 +8Q^2\right)\dot{t}+\frac{qQ}{r} .\label{E}
\end{eqnarray}
Therefore the energy of a test particle which crosses the event horizon at ($r=r_+$) should satisfy
\begin{equation}
E\geq E_{\rm{min}}= \frac{qQ}{r_+}. \label{emin}
\end{equation}
Eq. (\ref{emin}) determines the minimum energy  $E_{\rm{min}}$, which would allow a test particle to be absorbed by  the black hole.  Conventionally we assume that the spacetime is unperturbed and precisely described by the metric (\ref{metric}) before the initial time $t_{\rm{in}}$. At $t=t_{\rm{in}}$ we send in a test particle from infinity with energy $E>E_{\rm{min}}$ and charge $q \ll Q$. After the test particle is absorbed sufficient time has passed, we assume that the spacetime eventually settles down to a new solution with final parameters $M_{\rm{fin}}=M+E$ and $Q_{\rm{fin}}=Q+q$. Finally we check whether it could be possible for the final parameters of the spacetime to represent a naked singularity.

\subsection{Overcharging extremal black holes}

In this section, we start with an extremal black hole satisfying
\begin{equation}
\delta_{\rm{in}}=M^2-64Q^2\Lambda=0. \label{deltainex}
\end{equation}
Notice that the spatial coordinate of the event horizon for the extremal black hole is
\begin{equation}
r_+ =\frac{M}{8\Lambda}=\frac{Q}{\sqrt{\Lambda}}. \label{rplus}
\end{equation}
We send in test particles to this extremal black hole with charge $q=Q\epsilon$, where $\epsilon \ll 1$.
As we have pointed out in the previous section there exists a lower limit for the energy of the test particle to ensure that it is absorbed by the black hole
\begin{equation}
E\geq E_{\rm{min}}=\frac{qQ}{r_+}=\frac{\epsilon Q^2}{r_+}=\frac{M\epsilon}{8}, \label{condi1ex}
\end{equation}
where we have substituted  $q=Q\epsilon$, and used (\ref{rplus})  to express $E_{\rm{min}}$ in terms of $M$.
If the event horizon is destroyed  after the interaction, the final parameters of the spacetime satisfy
\begin{equation}
\delta_{\rm{fin}}=(M+E)^2-64(Q+q)^2\Lambda<0. \label{deltafinex}
\end{equation}
At the final stage, the mass and charge parameters of the black hole have been perturbed by the energy and the charge of the test particle. Now, we re-write (\ref{deltafinex}) by substituting $q=Q\epsilon$, and imposing the extremality condition (\ref{deltainex}).
\begin{equation}
\delta_{\rm{fin}}=E^2+2ME-M^2(\epsilon^2 + 2\epsilon)<0, \label{deltafinex1}
\end{equation}
$\delta_{\rm{fin}}$ has the form of a quadratic equation for the energy $E$, with two roots ($E_1,E_2$). $\delta_{\rm{fin}}$ will be negative if the energy of the test particle is chosen in the range  $(E_1,E_2)$ and positive outside this range. The roots of the quadratic equation are
\begin{eqnarray}
&&E_1= M\epsilon, \nonumber \\
&& E_2=-M(2+\epsilon),
\label{rootex1}
\end{eqnarray}
$\delta_{\rm{fin}}$ will identically vanish if $E=E_1$ or $E=E_2$, and will be negative for $E_2<E<E_1$. Actually we are interested in the range $0<E<E_1$ since we should assign a positive value for the energy of the test particle that we send in from infinity. A negative value is incompatible with our definition of $E$. On the other hand,  a negative value for $\delta_{\rm{fin}}$ indicates that the final parameters of the spacetime represent a naked singularity.  However we should also note that the particles with energy $E<E_{\rm{min}}$ will not be absorbed by the black hole. Therefore, if a test particle with charge $q=Q\epsilon$, has an energy in the range $E_{\rm{min}}<E<E_1$ i.e.
\begin{equation}
\frac{M \epsilon}{8} <E<M\epsilon, \label{condi2ex}
\end{equation}
it will be absorbed by the extremal black hole, and it will overcharge the extremal black hole into a naked singularity. This constitutes one of the quite rare examples in $(2+1)$ or $(3+1)$ dimensions where an extremal black hole can destroyed by test particles.

\subsection{Overcharging Nearly Extremal Black Holes}

Another intriguing problem is to evaluate the possibility to overcharge a nearly extremal charged dilaton black hole in 2+1 dimensions. A nearly extremal black hole can be parametrised as
\begin{equation}
\delta_{\rm{in}}=M^2-64Q^2\Lambda=M^2\epsilon_1^2, \label{param}
\end{equation}
where $\epsilon_1 \ll 1$ determines the black hole's closeness to extremality. Note that the spatial location of the event horizon for this nearly extremal black hole is
\begin{equation}
r_+=\frac{M(1+\epsilon_1)}{8\Lambda}. \label{rplusnex}
\end{equation}
If a test particle has  charge $q=Q\epsilon$, the lower limit for the energy of the test particle which ensures that it is absorbed by this nearly extremal black hole is
\begin{equation}
E_{\rm{min}}=\frac{qQ}{r_+}=\frac{\epsilon Q^2}{r_+}=\frac{\epsilon  M^2 (1-\epsilon_1^2)}{64 \Lambda r_+}=\frac{M\epsilon(1-\epsilon_1)}{8},\label{condi1nex}
\end{equation}
where we have substituted $Q^2=[M^2(1-\epsilon_1^2)]/(64\Lambda)$ using (\ref{param}). Notice that $E_{\rm{min}}$ reduces to its corresponding value derived for extremal black holes in the previous section for $\epsilon_1=0$. As we have mentioned in the previous section, if
$\delta_{\rm{fin}}<0$ at the end of the interaction, the nearly extremal black hole will be overcharged i.e.
\begin{eqnarray}
\delta_{\rm{fin}}&=&(M+E)^2-64(Q+q)^2\Lambda, \nonumber \\
&=&(M+E)^2-64Q^2(1+\epsilon)^2\Lambda    <0, \label{deltafinnex0}
\end{eqnarray}
\label{deltafinnex}
where we have used  $q=Q\epsilon$. Substituting $64Q^2\Lambda=M^2(1-\epsilon_1^2)$,  the expression (\ref{deltafinnex0}) takes the form
\begin{equation}
\delta_{\rm{fin}}=M^2 +E^2+ 2ME -M^2(1-\epsilon_1^2)(1+\epsilon)^2 <0.
\end{equation}
As in the case of extremal black holes, $\delta_{\rm{fin}}$ has the form of a quadratic equation for the energy $E$, with two roots ($E_1,E_2$). $\delta_{\rm{fin}}$ will be negative if the energy of the test particle is chosen in the range  $(E_1,E_2)$ and positive outside this range . The roots of the quadratic equation are
\begin{eqnarray}
E_{1,2}&=&\frac{1}{2} \left( -2M \pm \sqrt{4M^2+4M^2(2\epsilon + \epsilon^2 -\epsilon_1^2)}\right), \nonumber \\
&=& -M \pm \sqrt{(1+\epsilon)^2 - \epsilon_1^2}. \label{rootnex1}
\end{eqnarray}
We are interested in the positive root which determines the maximum energy for a test particle with charge $q=Q\epsilon$, to overcharge the nearly extremal black hole.
\begin{equation}
E<E_{\rm{max}}=M\left( \sqrt{(1+\epsilon)^2 - \epsilon_1^2}-1 \right). \label{condi2nex}
\end{equation}
Notice that $E_{\rm{max}}=M\epsilon$ for $\epsilon_1=0$, which is the value derived for extremal black holes. The test particle should  also satisfy the  condition (\ref{condi1nex}) so that it is absorbed by the nearly extremal black hole. Thus, a test particle satisfying
\begin{eqnarray}
&& q=\epsilon Q \nonumber \\
&&\frac{[M\epsilon(1-\epsilon_1)]}{8} < E < M\left( \sqrt{(1+\epsilon)^2 - \epsilon_1^2}-1 \right),
\end{eqnarray}
will be absorbed by a nearly extremal black hole to overcharge it into a naked singularity.
For a numerical example, let us consider a nearly extremal black hole with $M=1$ and choose $\epsilon=\epsilon_1=0.01$. (\ref{param}) implies that $64Q^2\Lambda=0.9999$. $E_{\rm{min}}$ and $E_{\rm{max}}$ can be calculated as
\begin{eqnarray}
&&E_{\rm{min}}=\frac{M(0.01)(0.99)}{8}=0.0012375 \nonumber \\
&& E_{\rm{max}}=1(\sqrt{1.02}-1)=0.0099505
\end{eqnarray}
Let us choose $E=0.004$ and $q=\epsilon Q$ for a test particle. This particle will be absorbed by the black hole since $E>E_{\rm{min}}$. At the end of the interaction the parameters of the black hole will satisfy
\begin{eqnarray}
\delta_{\rm{fin}}&=&(M+E)^2-64Q^2\Lambda (1+\epsilon)^2 \nonumber \\
&=& (1+0.004)^2-0.9999(1+0.01)^2 \nonumber \\
&=&-0.011982 \label{numeric}
\end{eqnarray}
The negative sign for $\delta_{\rm{fin}}$ indicates that the black hole is overcharged into a naked singularity.  In figure (\ref{figure}) we have plotted $\delta_{\rm{fin}}$ as a function of $E$ for $M=1$, $\epsilon=\epsilon_1=0.01$ so that $64Q^2\Lambda=0.9999$. Though the function is quadratic it appears to be linear as we focus on a small range.

\begin{center}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{dilaton_overcharge}
\caption{$\delta_{\rm{fin}}$ as a function of $E$ for $M=1$, $\epsilon=\epsilon_1=0.01$.}
\label{figure}
\end{figure}
\end{center}

In this work we have neglected the backreaction effects. The backreaction effects will bring second order corrections to $\delta_{\rm{fin}}$. However the second order corrections cannot compensate for the destruction of the horizon for this case, since $\delta_{\rm{fin}} \sim -M\epsilon$. If we choose $E$ closer to $E_{\rm{min}}$, the absolute value of $\delta_{\rm{fin}}$ will be even larger. Therefore the violation of wccc in the interaction of charged dilaton black holes with test particles is quite generic.

\section{Violation of the third law of black hole dynamics}

Bardeen, Carter, and Hawking developed a connection between the thermodynamics and gravity by proposing the four laws of thermodynamics for stationary and axi-symmetric black holes in general relativity~\cite{bardeen}. This is achieved by setting up an analogy between the area of the black hole's event horizon  and the entropy, while  the  surface gravity $\kappa$ is identified with the temperature. Hawking proved that the area of the event horizons cannot be decreased, provided that no naked singularities exist in the outer region~\cite{area}. Thus, if the cosmic censorship conjecture is correct the second law of thermodynamics is valid for black holes. The third law, which was later proved by Israel,  states that a non-extremal black hole cannot become extremal at a finite advanced time in any continuous process~\cite{israel1}. Dadhich and Karayan  showed that the range of the allowed energy and angular momentum ratios to overspin a black hole, pinches off as one approaches extremality, which justifies the validity of the third law~\cite{dadhich}. Later, Hubeny found that one can overcharge nearly extremal black holes beyond extremality, neglecting backreaction effects~\cite{hu}. Jacobson and Sotiriou applied a similar procedure to overspin nearly extremal Kerr black holes with test particles~\cite{jacob}, which was generalised to test fields by D\"{u}zta\c{s} and Semiz~\cite{overspin}. In all these works the authors confirm that extremal black holes cannot be overcharged/overspun, while nearly-extremal black holes can be pushed beyond extremality by a discrete jump. If one attempts to approach extremality in a continuous manner, the range of the allowed energies to overcharge/overspin black holes vanishes. In this sense the overspinning/overcharging of nearly extremal black holes derived in these works, does not invalidate the third law of black hole dynamics, as it first appears to do.

The same arguments apply to the 2+1 dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter case.  Rocha and Cardoso proved that extremal BTZ black holes cannot be overspun by test particles~\cite{vitor}. Later, D\"{u}zta\c{s} analysed the interaction of BTZ black holes with test particles and fields to conclude  that overspinning is possible in both cases if one starts with a nearly extremal BTZ black hole. However, the range of the energies for a test particle or field to overspin a BTZ black hole vanishes as one approaches extremality; i.e. extremal black holes cannot be overspun by test particles or fields~\cite{btz}.

In this work we derived that the minimum energy $E_{\rm{min}}$ that allows the absorption of a test body by a nearly extremal charged dilaton black hole is $E_{\rm{min}}=M\epsilon(1-\epsilon_1)/(8)$. If this black hole absorbs a particle with energy $E_{\rm{max}}=M ( \sqrt{(1+\epsilon)^2 - \epsilon_1^2}-1 )$ and charge $q=\epsilon Q$, $\delta_{\rm{fin}}$ will be zero at the end of the interaction and the black hole will become extremal, which also implies that  the Hawking temperature (\ref{hawt}) will vanish. For the case of nearly extremal BTZ black holes  the range $(E_{\rm{min}},E_{\rm{max}})$ vanishes as the black holes become arbitrarily close to extremality, i.e. extremal BTZ black holes cannot be overspun~\cite{btz}. The same argument applies to  Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black holes studied by Hubeny~\cite{hu}, and Kerr black holes studied by Jacobson-Sotiriou~\cite{jacob} and D\"{u}zta\c{s}-Semiz~\cite{overspin}. However for the nearly extremal charged dilaton black holes which approach extremality as $\epsilon_1 \to 0$, one derives
\begin{equation}
\lim_{\epsilon_1 \to 0} \frac{E_{\rm{max}}}{E_{\rm{min}}}=\frac{8(\sqrt{(1+\epsilon)^2}-1)}{\epsilon}=8, \label{limit}
\end{equation}
which is equal to $(E_{\rm{max}}/E_{\rm{min}})$ for extremal black holes. It was already derived in the previous section that $E_{\rm{max}}$ and $E_{\rm{min}}$ reduce to the corresponding values for the extremal case for $\epsilon_1=0$. However the limit derived in (\ref{limit}) implies something further. For arbitrarily small values of $\epsilon_1$, there exists a corresponding value for the energy  $E_{\rm{max}}$ which will drive the black hole to extremality. The process can be analytically continued to drive the black hole beyond extremality. Therefore the nearly extremal charged dilaton black holes can be continuously driven to extremality and beyond, in an apparent violation of the third law of black hole thermodynamics and the wccc. The analogous limit would be equal to 1 for BTZ black holes, i.e. the corresponding range $(E_{\rm{max}},E_{\rm{min}})$ vanishes as one approaches extremality (see \cite{btz}). This implies that BTZ black holes cannot be continuously driven to extremality, unlike the charged dilaton black holes.

\section{Thermal stability}
\label{thermalstab}

The derivation that the charged dilaton black holes can be turned into naked singularities leads one to question the thermal stability of the corresponding configurations. If there exists a  thermally unstable state in the black hole-naked singularity transition, the space-time may undergo a phase transition to restore the event horizon. Thermal stability is characterised by the positivity of the heat capacity as follows \cite{J4,J5}
\begin{equation}
C_Q=T\left(\frac{\partial S}{\partial T}\right)_Q=\frac{T}{(\partial^2M/\partial T^2)_Q},
\end{equation}
where $S$ is the entropy of the black hole, and the subscript $Q$ refers to the fact the equation is evaluated at constant charge. It turns out that there are two types of instabilities that lead to phase transitions \cite{sheykhi}. If there exists a point where the heat capacity vanishes, the spacetime undergoes type-one phase transitions. Type-two phase transitions take place if there exists a point where the heat capacity diverges. Previously, the possibility of the occurrence of phase transitions has been analysed for dilatonic BTZ black holes \cite{dehghani}. In this section we carry out a similar analysis for charged dilatonic black holes in $(2+1)$ dimensions. To ensure that the black hole is stable, we demand that
\begin{equation}
\left(\frac{\partial S}{\partial T}\right)_Q >0.
\end{equation}
Using Hawking-Bekenstein relation, one derives that
\begin{equation}
S=\frac{A}{4}=2\pi r_{+},
\end{equation}
Notice that the Hawking temperature given in (\ref{hawt}) can also be written in the form
\begin{equation}
T_{\rm{H}}=\frac{1}{4\pi} \left(8 \Lambda -\frac{M}{r_+} \right),
\end{equation}
which implies that
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial T}{\partial r_+}=\frac{1}{4\pi} \left(\frac{M}{r_+^2} \right).
\end{equation}
This leads to
\begin{equation}
\left. \left(\frac{\partial S}{\partial T}\right)_Q =\left(\frac{\partial S}{\partial r_+}\right)\left(\frac{\partial r_+}{\partial T} \right)\right\vert_Q =\frac{2 \pi^2 r_+^2}{M}.
\label{stable}
\end{equation}
The expression (\ref{stable}) implies that the heat capacity does not vanish unless $r_+$ vanishes itself, and there is no point of divergence. Therefore we conclude that the heat capacity is positive definite and type-one or type-two phase transitions will not occur.

\section{Summary and conclusions}

In this paper, we applied a  test of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture for extremal and nearly-extremal 2+1 dimensional charged dilaton black holes, as they interact with test charged particles. After performing our analysis, we found that  the  final parameters of the extremal black hole after particle absorption  indicate the formation of a naked singularity, provided that the energy of the particle  is in the range $(M \epsilon)/(8) <E<M\epsilon$. Previously, similar analysis were applied for BTZ black holes, which indicated that extremal BTZ black holes cannot be overspun by test particles~\cite{vitor} or fields~\cite{btz}. We also attempted to overcharge nearly-extremal dilaton  black holes, and derived that the formation of naked singularities is possible analogous to the case of nearly-extremal BTZ black holes. Throughout our analysis, we ignored the backreaction effects which would bring second order corrections to $\delta_{\rm{fin}}$.  However, the numerical value of $\delta_{\rm{fin}}$ in (\ref{numeric}) indicates that the second order corrections cannot compensate for the destruction of the horizon, since $\delta_{\rm{fin}}\sim -M\epsilon$. Therefore the overcharging of dilaton black holes derived in this work, is quite generic.

We argued that for every charged dilaton black hole arbitrarily close to extremality, there exists a range of energies for a test particle which ensures that it is absorbed by the black hole to drive it to extremality and beyond. Therefore charged dilaton black holes can be continuously driven to extremality unlike BTZ, Kerr and Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black holes, for which the range of allowed energies vanishes as one approaches extremality. Overspinning and overcharging of nearly extremal BTZ, Kerr and  Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black holes occur by a discrete jump, while it turns out to be a continuous process for charged dilaton black holes in 2+1 dimensions. Thus, the third law of black hole dynamics is also violated in the interaction of charged dilaton black holes with test particles.

The fact that the formation of naked singularities appears generic, leads one to question the thermal stability of the intermediate states since a possible phase transition can occur and the formation of the naked singularities can be prevented. For that purpose, we searched for points at which the heat capacity vanishes or diverges, in section (\ref{thermalstab}). Our analysis implies that the heat capacity does not vanish or diverge; i.e. phase transitions of type-one or type-two will not occur. The charged dilaton black holes are thermally stable in the relevant range
\[
T_{\rm{H}} \geq 0 \Leftrightarrow M \geq 8 Q\sqrt{\Lambda} \Leftrightarrow r_+ \geq M/8\Lambda
\]
where one can define thermodynamics. Therefore the formation of naked singularities cannot be prevented by phase transitions.

In this work we have perturbed charged dilaton black holes with test particles. The advantage of using test particles lies in the simplicity of geodesic equations. One can wander whether we should expect similar results for test fields. For test fields, one has to solve Klein-Gordon, Dirac, or Maxwell equations in the relevant background. There exists an upper bound for the energy of the incident wave to destroy the event horizon, as in the case of test particles. However, we cannot be sure if there exists a lower bound for energy which ensures that the test field to is absorbed by the black hole.  The lower bound will exist if superradiance occurs for the incident test field. Naively, we expect superradiance to occur for bosonic fields and to be absent for fermionic fields. If this is the case, we could expect results similar to test particles for bosonic test fields and a more generic destruction of the event horizon for fermionic fields. This is due to the fact that since $E_{\rm{min}}=0$ if superradiance does not occur. However, none of these can be taken for granted without an explicit solution for test fields in the background geometry of the black hole.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
What we know about AstraZeneca's head-scratching vaccine results.
This month has seen a torrent of news about experimental vaccines to prevent Covid-19, with the latest development from AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford. On Monday they announced that a preliminary analysis showed their vaccine was effective — especially when the first dose was mistakenly cut in half.
Surprisingly, the vaccine combination in which the first dose was only at half strength was 90 percent effective at preventing Covid-19 in the trial. In contrast, the combination of two, full-dose shots led to just 62 percent efficacy.
No one knows. The researchers speculated that the lower first dose did a better job of mimicking the experience of an infection, promoting a stronger immune response. But other factors, like the size and makeup of the groups that got different doses, may also be at play.
Why did the researchers test two different doses?
It was a lucky mistake. Researchers in Britain had been meaning to give volunteers the initial dose at full strength, but they made a miscalculation and accidentally gave it at half strength, Reuters reported. After discovering the error, the researchers gave each affected participant the full strength booster shot as planned about a month later.
Fewer than 2,800 volunteers got the half-strength initial dose, out of the more than 23,000 participants whose results were reported on Monday. That's a pretty small number of participants on which to base the spectacular efficacy results — far fewer than in Pfizer's and Moderna's trials.
My COVID Story: I got my positive test on the day of my delivery


text:
Armond Armstead (born August 3, 1990) is a former defensive tackle for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League and the New England Patriots of the National Football League. He played college football at USC. He was signed by the Argonauts as an undrafted free agent in 2012.

High school football

Armstead played high school football at Pleasant Grove High in Elk Grove, California.  His honors included Super Prep All-American, Prep Star All-American, Super Prep All-Farwest, Prep Star All-West, Long Beach Press-Telegram Best in the West honorable mention, Tacoma News Tribune Western 100, Cal-Hi Sports All-State first team, All-Northern California, Sacramento Bee All-Metro and All-Metro League MVP as a senior defensive and offensive lineman at Pleasant Grove High in Elk Grove (Calif.). He had 88 tackles and 11 sacks in 2007. As a junior in 2006, he had 79 tackles and 5 sacks.

College football

Armstead attended the University of Southern California, playing three seasons from 2008 to 2010, starting 17 games and recording 59 tackles. However after an initially undisclosed injury, USC's staff refused to medically clear him to play in 2011. He later sued the school, accusing team doctors of giving him painkillers (Toradol) that caused a heart attack and damaged his future earning potential. He went undrafted in the 2012 NFL Draft.

Professional football

Toronto Argonauts
In 2012, Armstead was signed by the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League. In his rookie CFL season, Armstead compiled 43 defensive tackles, 2 special teams tackles, and 6 quarterback sacks. He was also named as a CFL All-star, and went on to win the 100th Grey Cup with the Argonauts that season. On January 4, 2013, Armstead was released by the Argonauts per request in order to pursue an NFL career.

New England Patriots
On January 22, 2013, he signed with the New England Patriots. Per the terms of the NFL Collective Bargaining Agreement, the Patriots were required to sign Armstead, an undrafted free agent, to a three-year deal at the standard salaries of $405,000 for 2013, $495,000 for 2014, and $585,000 in 2015. While the contract did not include a signing bonus, nearly half the contract was guaranteed: his entire salary for 2013 is guaranteed, and $250,000 of his 2014 salary. On July 29, 2013, Armstead underwent surgery to treat an undisclosed infection. On August 26, 2013, he was placed on the reserve/non-football injury list. On July 16, 2014, he announced his retirement from football at the age of 23.

References

External links
Toronto Argonauts bio
USC Trojans bio

1990 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
American football defensive tackles
Canadian football defensive linemen
Toronto Argonauts players
USC Trojans football players
Players of American football from Sacramento, California
Players of Canadian football from Sacramento, California

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Photo Credit: Getty Images / Staff
Black Cop Asks To Meet With LeBron James Over NBA Star's Criticism Of Cop Who Killed Ma'Khia Bryant
The officer described James' stance on policing as "off base and extreme."
Deon Joseph, a Black officer of more than 20 years with the Los Angeles Police Department, wrote a lengthy Facebook post on Sunday to address LeBron James, who faced backlash last week after criticizing the Ohio officer who shot and killed Ma'Khia Bryant.
"You're next," James wrote in a tweet that featured a photo of an officer. The now-deleted tweet also included an hourglass emoji and the hashtag, accountability, according to the Daily Mail.
As Blavity previously reported, the officer who killed Bryant has been identified as Nicholas Reardon. However, the deputy seen in the photo posted by James hasn't been confirmed to be Reardon.
In his response on Facebook, Joseph first acknowledged the basketball star's dedication to his community and family. The officer continued his post, describing James' stance on policing as "off base and extreme."
According to Joseph, Reardon saved another young woman's life when he shot Bryant, who is accused of having a knife in her hand.
"Your tweet that targeted a police officer in Ohio who saved a young woman's life was irresponsible and disturbing," the LAPD officer wrote. "It showed a complete lack of understanding of the challenge of our job in the heat of a moment. You basically put a target on the back of a human being who had to make a split second decision to save a life from a deadly attack."
Joseph also criticized James' response to the backlash.
"Instead of apologizing, you deflected," the officer wrote. "You said you took your tweet down because you did not want it to be used for hate, when the tweet itself was the embodiment of hatred, rooted in a lack of understanding of the danger of the situation."
The deputy extended an offer to James, hoping to sit down and have a conversation with the all-star to help him understand that not all police are "inherently evil."
"The offer is on the table LeBron. No cameras. No fan fare. Just two men talking. I know it's a long shot. But this division and hatred must stop," Joseph wrote. "It's clear based on rising crime in marginalized communities that cops and the community need to build bridges to save lives on all sides. That cannot be done through the demonization of any group of people."
Dear Lebron: I am not going to come at you from a place of hatred. There will be no name calling. I was raised to see…
Posted by Deon Joseph on Sunday, April 25, 2021
In a 2016 interview with CNN, Joseph spoke about the gruesome encounters he has faced while working on the Skid Row beat in Los Angeles.
"When I first got there, it was horrible – you'd have people walking into the station with their intestines hanging out, arms broken backward, black eyes," he said. "And they didn't want a police report, they just wanted to hide from their attackers."
The Los Angeles native remembers one woman in particular who faced a setback when she tried to stop using drugs.
"A woman who lived right there had finally gotten off drugs. She was so proud," he said. "She came back down here to show people she could change. I begged her not to. Do you know what happened? A drug dealer blew crack cocaine smoke into her face. She overdosed six times over there."
Growing up in the era of Rodney King, Joseph detested law enforcement.
"My favorite rap groups were NWA and Public Enemy," he told CNN. "Yes FTP was playing on my tape deck when I'm driving my Nissan Sentra back in the day."
The riots which followed the attack on King ultimately affected Joseph's family business and led him into law enforcement.
"After business crashed after the riots, I needed a job," the policeman said. "We were broke. I put my name in many hats, and someone suggested the LAPD. I prayed for all the other jobs to call me first, but none of them did. The only one that called was the LAPD."
James, who has faced perpetual criticism from conservatives through the years, James has continued to speak out for social justice.
"I've never in my 35 years ever condoned violence," the Los Angeles Lakers star said in an interview with Sports Illustrated last year. "I'm not saying that all cops are bad, because I actually, you know, throughout high school and things of that nature, I'm around them all the time and they are not all bad. But when you see the videos that's going on, and you can see not only my hometown but all over America, you continue to see the acts of violence towards my kind, I can't do nothing but to speak about it."


Tickle them colourful with pretty ski wear for tiny toddlers from Roxy! Creating essential outdoor wear for those first snowflake moments, Roxy offers a comprehensive selection of toddler ski wear for every adventure. From keeping them cosy with toddler thermals to functional toddler snow suits, our practical outerwear for future powder princesses promises to keep the snow out of their suits and a smile on their face – all winter long!
Their first mountain moment is something you'll remember for a lifetime, so make sure they're protected from the alpine chill with our range of colourful and creative toddler snow suits and accessories. Creating ski wear for tiny tots of all ages, Roxy's toddler waterproof suits are designed to handle the rough and tumble of mountain life and keep out the rain, wind and snow. Inspired by Roxy mums and their endless hunt for fun and playful ski wear that blends practicality with a singular sense of style, we pride ourselves on creating functional designs that celebrate a coast to peak way of life.
More than just a brand, Roxy has been cultivating its unique sense of style since 1990. Creating toddler ski suits along with accessories like gloves for toddlers, we believe in making detailed designs that take the stress out of life spent in the fast lane. Designed with expert input from mountain-loving mums and dads, our parent-approved toddler bibs and toddler waterproof suits come with well-thought out design features like handy zips, integrated booties, elasticised mittens and exclusive prints. Offering unrivalled warmth and comfort thanks to tech-rich fabrics and intelligent construction techniques, all our fun toddler puddle suits are created to keep them warm and protected from the first snowball fight to the last! Keeping them warm and dry when the snow is falling and the wind starts blowing is always bottom line of our infant outerwear design.
Harnessing the power of innovation, the Roxy team is dedicated to bringing you the very finest toddler ski gear that surpasses industry standards on fit, feel and construction. Light and ergonomically designed, each item from our toddler range is created to offer versatility and comfort all season long. Easily washed and waterproof, we endurance test all of our products to ensure they can handle whatever your little monsters throw at them! Using the latest technological breakthroughs, our team look to the future to inspire today's designs – using pro riders and professional features to inspire cutting edge functionality for our tiniest riders!
Bringing you the latest tech innovation inspired by the finest action sports riders, Roxy offers a selection of toddler ski gear online. Available to buy in just a few clicks, our toddler snowsuit selection and accessories come in a range of fun prints and patterns for you to choose from. Check out our selection today and take advantage of our exclusive deals and discounts – only for our online Roxy crew!


text:
The inadequate state revenge porn law
Revenge porn, also known as cyber rape, sexual cyber harassment, sextortion, or cyber exploitation, is when an individual or a partner who has been in an intimate relationship has nude or sexual photos or videos posted on the internet or websites that are designed to blackmail, humiliate, intimidate or exploit them for breaking up with them, or to control them. They are posted on these sites without the victim's consent, and experts maintain it is a form of control and abuse. Unlike traditional pornography, it is not meant as a form of entertainment. It is a form of domestic and sexual abuse. Often personal information is posted along with the images, such as the victim's name, home address, workplace, and links to social media profiles, so that the viewer of the revenge porn can identify the victims – exposing them to workplace discrimination, cyberstalking, further harassment, or even physical attacks. Revenge porn is meant to hurt and shame the victim. It succeeds by doing both. It also can haunt them for a long time, lingering on the internet, often in perpetuity. While victims are most frequently female, in their twenties and thirties, they can be of any age, and some victims are male. Now, since April 2016, revenge porn is also a misdemeanor criminal offense. But it's one without as much teeth as there should be for such a heinous act of cyberbullying against another human being. Which is leading prosecutors to charge perpetrators of revenge porn under other codified offenses, such as stalking or posting through electronic means, both of which are five-year felonies. Michigan's revenge porn law is a misdemeanor, punishable by not more than 93 days in jail and or a maximum fine of $500. A second and subsequent violation would be a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than a year and/or a maximum fine of $1,000. As Oakland County Chief Deputy Prosecutor Paul Walton said, "We may use this law, or we may not, because revenge porn is a misdemeanor, and it's terribly shocking to the victim. By the time they get to the point to contact the police and prosecute, they come in as true victims. They're humiliated. They're devastated. Then they learn it's a misdemeanor, and their ex, who did this to them, is going to walk out the same door as they are. It's terribly disheartening." Revenge porn is a new category of cyber transgressions that the law, both criminal and civil, is working to catch up with. In 2013, only two states had revenge porn laws. Today, 34 states do. As a criminal offense, Michigan's law was a bit of a communal cooking pot stew, with state legislators coming together in the last session, after a few failed efforts, to finally get a law passed. Its sponsors, Sen. Rick Jones (R-Grand Ledge) and Sen. Steve Bieda (D-Warren), worked across the aisle, with their associates in the state House never far from their minds. Jones said he made the compromise to make it a misdemeanor in order to get it passed in the state House of Representatives, feeling the $500 fine would make defendants think twice about posting the images. They also had to consider the ACLU, which looks to question infringements on Americans' right to free speech. While Arizona's revenge porn law has been ruled unconstitutional, Michigan's ACLU worked with state legislators to help craft a law which would stand up to constitutional scrutiny. While the ACLU said they did not support the law, they were neutral on it – in essence endorsing it. Yet, it left the law a bit of a shaved dog – it can still bark, but no one takes it seriously. So everyone involved in making the law came away happy – except the victims and the prosecutors working to protect them. A federal law is needed to provide universal protection to victims of revenge porn, to outlaw any and all posting of images without someone's consent. An effort in 2016, the Intimate Protection Privacy Act, spearheaded by U. S. Rep. Jackie Spear of California, died with the last Congress. In the meantime, it is left to prosecutors and the civil courts to find stronger remedies for those whose privacy and intimacy have been violated.


Very experienced English programmer and project manager available for freelance projects. Three years freelance/contracting experience working for several companies including financial service companies and social network/tech startups specializing in Java, PHP and MySQL, and additionally managing the servers that support them. Worked for three years on the trading floor of a top investment bank working closely with derivatives traders, producing highly complex pricing and risk management tools using Excel VBA, C# .NET, Access and Sybase.


AHC were approached to design and build a heating system for the new classroom block at Tahatai Coast School. The system needed to heat 24 classrooms over 2 storeys, a total of 2000 square meters.
The system needed to use minimal power because a transformer upgrade was outside the project budget. With this in mind we designed an under floor heating system using a natural gas boiler as the heat source.
The Under Floor heating system consists of 6000m of in floor piping . The pipe was laid in four stages to work around the build schedule. The system is controlled by four control panels which have 56 zones between them and each of the 24 classrooms has an Electronic thermostat which talks to the control panel to adjust the room temperature.
The system water is heated by a 120kw natural gas boiler controlled by the systems main time clock. The boiler is complete with expansion vessels and a dosing pot which is essential to keep the system water clean and corrosion free.
With the project now complete the children can enjoy their winter months of learning in an environment where the radiant heat rises from the floor evenly and efficiently heating the entire classroom without noise or air movement.


text:
Q: Looping in Angular JS I am a newbie to Angular JS and I have been trying to build a demo ASP .Net MVC Application using it.
Putting it simply, I have a list of countries each having a list of 3 associated cities
var myModule = angular
                .module("myModule", [])
                .controller("myController", function ($scope) {
                    var countries = [
                        {
                            name: "UK",
                            cities: [
                                    {name: "London"},
                                    {name: "Birmingham" },
                                    {name: "Manchestar" }
                            ],
                            flag: "/Images/UK.gif",
                            foundationDate: new Date("May 20,1916"),
                            likes: 0,
                            dislikes: 0
                        },
                        {
                            name: "USA",
                            cities: [
                                    {name: "Los Angeles"},
                                    {name: "Houston"},
                                    {name: "Florida"},
                            ],
                            flag: "/Images/USA.png",
                            foundationDate: new Date("August 01,1887"),
                            likes: 0,
                            dislikes: 0
                        },
                        {
                            name: "INDIA",
                            cities: [
                                    { name: "Hyderabad" },
                                    { name: "Mumbai" },
                                    { name: "Kolkata" },
                            ],
                            flag: "/Images/INDIA.jpg",
                            foundationDate: new Date("August 15,1947"),
                            likes: 0,
                            dislikes: 0
                        }
                    ];

and in my view page, I am displaying them all.
I have a Search text box that can search across Country Names and also across the city names .For that there is the $scope.search function.
                    $scope.search = function (country) {
                        if ($scope.searchText == undefined) {
                            return true;
                        }
                        angular.forEach(country.cities, function (item) {
                            if (item.name.toLowerCase().indexOf($scope.searchText.toLowerCase()) != -1)
                                return true;
                        });
                        return false;
                    }
});

Here is the view code
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <title></title>

  Rows to display : <input type="number" step="1" min="0" max="3" ng-model="rowLimit" />

    Search : <input type="text" placeholder="Search Countries & Cities" ng-model="searchText" />

                    Country
                    City 1
                    City 2
                    City 3
                    Flag
                    Foundation Date
                    Likes
                    Dislikes
                    Actions

                    {{ country.name }}

                        {{ city.name }}

                    {{ country.foundationDate | date : "dd/MM/yyyy" }}
                    {{ country.likes }}
                    {{ country.dislikes }}
                    <input type="button" value="Like" ng-click="incrementLikes(country)"
                    <input type="button" value="Dislike" ng-click="incrementDislikes(country)"

But the search function is not working properly .
Here is a screenshot of the html view page

I know somehow the logic is not at all devised correctly for the search function.
Could someone please help me through ?

A: Assuming that the search function is being called you are only returning a boolean value for the filter to search the object. Since the model object you are passing to the filter does not have a boolean property to search against that would yield no results. What you want to do is to filter the string value of searchText against the filtered model.
If you only want to search explicitly for city name of the model I would suggest passing the property name to the filter.

To search for country and city names I would suggest creating a custom filter and pass the filter the searchText model.
[ModuleNameHere].filter('filterCountryCityNames', function() {
    return function(obj, searchValue) {
        var options = [];

        if (searchValue === undefined || searchValue === null)
            return obj;
        searchValue = searchValue.toLowerCase();
        angular.forEach(obj, function(value) {

        var foundCity = value.cities.map(function(r) {
            return r.name.toLowerCase().indexOf(searchValue) >= 0;
        }).sort().pop();

        if (value.name.toLowerCase().indexOf(searchValue) >= 0 || foundCity) {
            options.push(value);
        }
    });
        return options;
    }
})

You would use this like the built in Angular filter in the html markup.

A: I think you're problem might just be the anonymous function in your forEach. It will return true to the anonymous function but not to the outer function $scope.search(). So instead of returning directly from a function mutate a variable and return that at the end, or use reduce, instead of forEach.
 $scope.search = function (country) {
                    if ($scope.searchText == undefined) {
                        return true;
                    }

                    if (country.name.toLowerCase().indexOf($scope.searchText.toLowerCase()) != -1)
                        return true;

                    var found = false;
                    angular.forEach(country.cities, function (item) {
                        if (item.name.toLowerCase().indexOf($scope.searchText.toLowerCase()) != -1)
                            found = true;
                    });
                    return found;
                }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
WARA-2010
AAAI-10 Workshop on Abstraction, Reformulation, and Approximation
Home Call for Papers Important Dates Submission Registration, Attendance Organization
Accepted Papers Schedule NEW!
SARA 2009 SARA 2007 SARA 2005 SARA 2002 SARA 2000 SARA 1998 SARA 1995 SARA 1994
To be held in conjunction with AAAI-10, the 24th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
*NOTE*: workshop location: Tower Room 1205 (8th Floor), The Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel, Atlanta [see AAAI-10 info page for conference venue]
The 2010 Workshop on Abstraction, Reformulation, and Approximation (WARA-2010) will be held in conjunction with AAAI-10 with the goal of providing a forum for intensive interaction among researchers in all areas of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science with an interest in the different aspects of abstraction, reformulation, and approximation techniques. The aim and scope of this workshop are similar to an independent symposium called SARA. The diverse backgrounds of participants of previous SARA symposia has led to a rich and lively exchange of ideas, allowed the comparison of goals, techniques, and paradigms, and helped identify important research issues and engineering hurdles. This workshop will continue to do the same.
It has been recognized since the inception of AI that abstractions, problem reformulations, and approximations (ARA) are central to human common-sense reasoning and problem solving and to the ability of systems to reason effectively in complex domains. ARA techniques have been used in a variety of problem-solving settings and application domains, primarily to overcome computational intractability by decreasing the combinatorial costs associated with searching large spaces. In addition, ARA techniques are also useful for knowledge acquisition and explanation generation.
Topics of interest include all aspects of abstraction, reformulation and approximation, including (but not limited to) the following:
New techniques for automatically constructing and selecting appropriate ARA methods;
Frameworks that unify and classify ARA techniques;
Empirical and theoretical studies of the costs and benefits of ARA;
Applications of ARA to search, constraint satisfaction, deterministic and probabilistic planning, theorem proving, logic programming, game playing, parallel and distributed search, distributed data and knowledge bases, internet search and navigation, knowledge compilation, knowledge acquisition, knowledge reformulation, simulation, design, diagnosis and control of physical systems (including mobile robots), automatic programming, analogical reasoning, case-based reasoning, reasoning under uncertainty, reinforcement learning, machine learning, and speed-up learning;
Fielded applications demonstrating the benefits of ARA to a variety of real-world domains.
Extended Submission deadline: March 29 April 13, 2010 (Tuesday), 11:59 Pacific Time
Notification of acceptance: April 15 May 4, 2010 (Tuesday)
Camera-ready copy due: May 11, 2010 (Tuesday)
Note: due to the deadline extension, the authors will have
only one week to prepare the camera-ready version.
Workshop: July 12, 2010
The workshop will consist of an invited talk, oral presentations, a poster session, and discussion/brainstorming sessions. Submissions are sought both for new work in the area of ARA as well as for work recently published or soon to be published in another conference or journal; for submissions of the latter kind, the authors must clearly state the venue of publication.
All accepted papers will appear in the form of a AAAI Technical Report which are citable archival proceedings. Like all technical reports, papers published this way will be archived and become citable, but will not constitute formal publication. Please visit http://www.aaai.org/Press/Reports/reports.php for more information on AAAI Technical Reports.
Submissions must be in AAAI format and be 2-6 pages in length. Please see the AAAI-10 Workshops website for detailed formatting guidelines and templates, and submit your paper as PDF via email to sabhar@cs.cornell.edu.
Attendance and Registration
At least one author of each accepted paper must attend the workshop. The workshop will be open to everyone to attend, irrespective of whether they have an accepted paper. All attendies, however, must register. Please refer to the AAAI-10 Workshops website for further information about the registation procedure.
Gregory Provan (co-chair, g.provan@cs.ucc.ie, University College Cork, Ireland)
Ashish Sabharwal (co-chair, sabhar@cs.cornell.edu, Cornell University, USA)
Chris Beck (University of Toronto, Canada)
Vadim Bulitko (University of Alberta, Canada)
Berthe Choueiry (University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA)
Fausto Giunchiglia (University of Trento, Italy)
Mike Genesereth (Stanford University, USA)
Robert Holte (University of Alberta, Canada)
Ian Miguel (University of St Andrews, UK)
Michael Lowry (NASA, USA)
Wheeler Ruml (University of New Hampshire, USA)
Lorenza Saitta (Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Italy)
Sven Koenig (University of Southern California, USA)
Toby Walsh (University of New South Wales, Australia)
Jean-Daniel Zucker (Universite Paris 13 / UR 079 Geodes, France)
For additional information, please refer to the AAAI-10 Workshops website or send an email to the organizers.


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text:
NUEVA ECIJA | The Virgen La Divina Pastora and Gapan's Ancestral Houses
Like little kids left to our own devices, we roamed around Delos Reyes Street snapping away with our cameras and posing against ancestral houses to our hearts content. I never knew that Gapan, a town we usually pass by en route to my mom's hometown in Cabanatuan City, held such architectural gems from bygone eras. Like most locals, I usually dismiss Nueva Ecija as quite wanting when it comes to tourist attractions. I was proven wrong that afternoon.
GAPAN'S VIRGEN LA DIVINA PASTORA CHURCH FACADE WITH ITS CENTRAL BELFRY
Still catching my breath from a very Filipino lunch at Hapag Vicenticos, we again boarded Microtel Cabanatuan's van and headed to the oldest town in the province and one of the oldest in the Philippines, Gapan. The sun was hitting the stately edifice of the National Shrine of Virgen La Divina Pastora just the right way when we arrived.
NUEVA ECIJA'S OLDEST CHURCH
My mom told me about this church. She related how when she was still a kid (which I really couldn't quite picture in my head) my grandma would bring her here every year due to her panata to the miraculous Virgin enshrined within its halls.
EARLY 1900'S PAINTING OF THE HOLY TRINITY BY ISIDORO SAMONTE AT THE DOME
That said image, the Virgen La Divina Pastora, came all the way from Spain via the Galleon Trade during the Spanish era in the Philippines. It was formerly housed in the Valmonte residence, an affluent family in town, before it was finally donated to the church after being handed down from one generation to the next.
Surprisingly, the one enthroned on the central retablo of the Parish Church of the Three Kings (as it is also called such), is only a replica of the original; the original one is set at the left retablo of the church.
THE CHURCH'S THICK BRICK WALLS CAN BE SEEN FROM THE INTERIORS
From the baroque facade of Gapan's church, one can clearly see that this is a structure worthy to be called a cultural treasure, although no such plaque bequeaths its walls. Built in 1872 from bricks and limestone blocks, it is the oldest and largest church in the province of Nueva Ecija.
FILIPINO ACTRESS, EULA VALDEZ'S ANCESTRAL HOUSE IN GAPAN
I was still itching to photograph details of the church when mass soon started. It cut our visit short and I immediately headed to our van. Our host called me back though, we aren't quite done yet, she said. Across the street from the church were rows of ancestral houses from prominent Gapan residents.
DETAILS OF ONE OF GAPAN'S HERITAGE HOUSES
That one's actress Eula Valdez's house here in Gapan, one of the tricycle drivers lounging at the corner of the street proudly told us as we trained our lenses to the corner-most house on Delos Reyes Street. The house was indeed beautiful, made from masonry on the lower level and wood on the second; typical of bahay na bato houses. Intricate wrought iron bars fill its barandilla and elaborate floral latticework can be glimpsed from its ceiling.
MEDIAMEN, JOE AND JAY TARUC'S ANCESTRAL HOUSE
The next house, the tricycle-guy-cum-guide said, belongs to the Tarucs, Joe Taruc to be precise; famous DZRH news anchor and father of another newsman, Jay Taruc. I know that there are a lot of World War II historiy around Nueva Ecija and there were definitely activities of Hukbalahap (Hukbong Laban sa Hapon) in the area; I wonder if they are related to Huk's leader Luis Taruc who hails from the nearby province of Pampanga.
FILIPINA ACTRESS, NIDA BLANCA'S STATELY OLD HOUSE IN GAPAN
There were a few more ancestral houses down the street, but we were pressed for time. To end our quick tour of Gapan, we checked one last house, a handsome white one found at the adjacent Jacinto Street. This one's from Dolphy's longtime television partner, Marsha or Nida Blanca.
The house was well preserved and it looks like it was still being used as a residence. We're quite lucky we were allowed to go beyond its gate, although not as lucky to be invited all the way inside. Which was too bad, I was hoping we could have a quick look if Gapan's ancestral houses also have well-preserved interiors.
DELOS REYES STREET'S HERITAGE LANE IN GAPAN
Gapan City sure surprised me. It's like discovering that the houses on the street next to mine have all these grand antique structures that I didn't know about until someone finally let me in on the secret. Granted, the ancestral houses here aren't as extensive as those in Vigan City or even Taal, but still, I do think they can stand up on their own, especially with a Spanish-era church to complement it with.
~ A tour of Gapan City's heritage area can be arranged with Microtel Cabanatuan (0927) 804-2929.
Virgen La Divina Pastora Church
& Gapan Ancestral Houses
Address: Delos Reyes Street, Gapan City, Nueva Ecija
Entrance Fee: None
GPS Coordinates Map: 15.313777, 120.948814
Tags: [ARCHITECTURE], 2015, Ancestral House, Central Luzon, Gapan, Nueva Ecija


Alasdair Fraser believes in a deeper sort of musical expression – a primal pulse, the type of music that originates deep inside, a groove. You can hear it in his music, in his collaborations with Natalie Haas, and even in his speaking voice. This connectedness to a deep rhythm informs his whole life and guides his musical path.
"When I started my fiddle camp in Skye, I asked all sorts of uncomfortable questions in that stone dance hall: Why are we so afraid to dance? Why do pipers in areas that did not go through the Reformation remember more tunes? Why do we have the Highland regiments in order to pipe in unison? Why is that the only way to get your kilt back, and why do you have to play in a standardized way, with the same grace notes? By taming people's grace notes, you are taking their voice! Some pipers resisted that and would always play their own grace notes. They were rebels.
"So I would question all these things and it wasn't easy. Some of my students would say, 'What is he doing? Can't we just play some tunes?' But I had to find this, I had to know what was going on in my own culture and why in Cape Breton were there people that had way more fluency in some of the old repertoire than people in my own country. If I went into a house in Cape Breton, I would find all the old collections of Scottish fiddle books, and when I was a student at Edinburgh University, I would go around to all the old bookshops looking for these collections and I couldn't find them. They were like hens' teeth. Then I go to Cape Breton and I find mountains of them because they valued the tradition more than we valued it at home. I'm not saying that no one in Scotland valued their own culture, but rather that there were general indicators that pointed to a problem, and confidence and self esteem were missing. The expression that explains that condition is called "the cultural cringe" – when people are ashamed of their own culture. For example, I grew up being taught to not speak in my own accent. Even my mother would tell me not to speak like that.
For more information, visit alasdairfraser.com.
Top photo by Louis Decarlo.
Bottom photo, Alasdair with Natalie Haas, by Irene Young.


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Welding Techniques Gain confidence and skills with lots of burn time! Great career prospects. Outstanding facilities. Experienced, certified instructors.
Students are provided with the theoretical and practical training to perform most basic welding techniques. At the completion of the program, students are eligible to test for welding tickets based on their level of expertise. It is expected that most of the graduates will be prepared to enter the workforce as a Welder following the successful completion of this program.
Students are exposed to topics including health and safety, blueprint reading and sketching, applied math, communication, shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, introduction to computers, and all position pipe welding.
Graduates may find a range of occupations in the welding field, including manufacturing and fabricating, automotive and heavy equipment production, automation, and construction. Self-employment is another viable option upon graduation.


What is a Builders clean? A Builders clean is when all trades have finished on a new home, I come in and make the tradesmen and builder looking good. I will wipe down all surfaces to remove any dust and paint that's on the surfaces, I clean all tiled surfaces to remove the chalk left from grouting, cleaning of windows to remove paint, cement, and whatever else that makes its way on them. My system to removing cement of windows and frames I unique and I do not scratch the glass or frames. For best results it's better to me once that trade has finished the longer the cement stays on the glass the higher the chance the glass may be stained/ etch and cannot be removed.