text:
Q: Arduino Linking Undefined Reference I am trying to create a cmake file for a small Arduino Project.
I have used the output of the Arduino IDE as a starting point to find the required files and commands. Now I am compiling all sources like the Arduino IDE and then I try to link them together.
Creating the executable in CMake:
add_executable(${TARGET_NAME} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/buttontest.cpp)

set_target_properties(${TARGET_NAME} PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "-T${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/variants/mkrwifi1010/linker_scripts/gcc/flash_with_bootloader.ld \
-Wl,-Map,${TARGET_NAME}.ino.map --specs=nano.specs --specs=nosys.specs -mcpu=cortex-m0plus -mthumb -Wl,--cref -Wl,--check-sections \
-Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,--unresolved-symbols=report-all -Wl,--warn-common -Wl,--warn-section-align")

target_link_libraries(
    ${TARGET_NAME}
    wiring_digital
    variant
    uart
    ...
)

When I try to run it, I always get a undefined reference error
../libuart.a(Uart.cpp.obj):(.rodata._ZTI4Uart+0x8): undefined reference to `typeinfo for HardwareSerial'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

It seems to me that the linker can't find something from the sercom library, I compiled, but I don't understand why.
We found the arduino-cmake repository on github but we can't use the code as it is meant for boards using AVR controllers and we have to use an ARM processor (Arduino MKR 1010 Wifi).
Any advice regarding the linker error would be very much appreciated! If approach using CMake for Arduino projects has a fundamental flaw, I also would be thankful for other options.
Project structure:
project
 |- build/
 |- buttontest/
    |- CMakeLists.txt
    |- src/buttontest.cpp
 |-cmake/MKRWIFI1010_Toolchain.cmake
 |-CMakeLists.txt

CMakeLists.txt:
set(CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE cmake/MKRWIFI1010_Toolchain.cmake)

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)

project(buttontest)

set (ARDUINO_PACKAGES $ENV{ARDUINO_PACKAGES})

message(STATUS "${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}")

include_directories(
    ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/tools/CMSIS/4.5.0/CMSIS/Include/
    ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/tools/CMSIS-Atmel/1.1.0/CMSIS/Device/ATMEL/
    ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino
    ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/variants/mkrwifi1010
)

# Building common files

# Add persistent compile flags here
add_compile_options (-c -g -MMD -DF_CPU=48000000L -DARDUINO=10808 -DARDUINO_SAMD_MKRWIFI1010 -DARDUINO_ARCH_SAMD
-DUSE_ARDUINO_MKR_PIN_LAYOUT -D__SAMD21G18A__ -DUSB_VID=0x2341 -DUSB_PID=0x8054 -DUSBCON "-DUSB_MANUFACTURER=\"Arduino LLC\""
"-DUSB_PRODUCT=\"Arduino MKR WiFi 1010\"" -DUSE_BQ24195L_PMIC)

# Add temporal compile flags here
# FIXME: There must be a better way to do this, but anyway, there must be a better way to write an Arduino CMake Script...
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-x assembler-with-cpp")

set_property(SOURCE ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/pulse_asm.S PROPERTY LANGUAGE C)
add_library(pulse_asm ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/pulse_asm.S)

# Remove temporal compile flags

add_compile_options (-mcpu=cortex-m0plus -mthumb -Os -Wall -Wextra -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -nostdlib
--param max-inline-insns-single=500 -Wno-expansion-to-defined)

# C Libraries

add_library(winterrupts ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/WInterrupts.c)

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-std=gnu11")

add_library(itoa ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/itoa.c)
add_library(wiring_private ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/wiring_private.c)
add_library(wiring_digital ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/wiring_digital.c)
add_library(cortex_handlers ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/cortex_handlers.c)
add_library(wiring_shift ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/wiring_shift.c)
add_library(samd21_host ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/USB/samd21_host.c)
add_library(pulse ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/pulse.c)
add_library(startup ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/startup.c)
add_library(delay ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/delay.c)
add_library(wiring ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/wiring.c)
add_library(dtostrf ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/avr/dtostrf.c)
add_library(wiring_analog ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/wiring_analog.c)
add_library(hooks ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/hooks.c)

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-std=gnu++11")
# CPP Libraries

add_library(ipaddress ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/IPAddress.cpp)
add_library(wmath ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/WMath.cpp)
add_library(new ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/new.cpp)
add_library(reset ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/Reset.cpp)
add_library(sercom ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/SERCOM.cpp)
add_library(cdc ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/USB/CDC.cpp)
add_library(stream ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/Stream.cpp)
add_library(usbcore ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/USB/USBCore.cpp)
add_library(print ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/Print.cpp)
add_library(tone ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/Tone.cpp)
add_library(pluggableusb ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/USB/PluggableUSB.cpp)
add_library(wstring ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/WString.cpp)
add_library(abi ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/abi.cpp )
add_library(uart ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/Uart.cpp)
add_library(main ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/cores/arduino/main.cpp)

add_compile_options(-fno-threadsafe-statics -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions)

add_library(variant ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/variants/mkrwifi1010/variant.cpp)

add_subdirectory(buttontest)

cmake/MKRWIFI1010_Toolchain.cmake:
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Generic)

set (ARDUINO_PACKAGES $ENV{ARDUINO_PACKAGES})

set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER   ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/4.8.3-2014q1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/4.8.3-2014q1/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++)

buttontest/CMakeLists.txt:
set(TARGET_NAME "buttontest")

link_directories(
    ${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/tools/CMSIS/4.5.0/CMSIS/Lib/GCC/
    {CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
    {CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/buttontest)

add_compile_options(-fno-threadsafe-statics -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions)

add_executable(${TARGET_NAME} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/buttontest.cpp)

set_target_properties(${TARGET_NAME} PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "-T${ARDUINO_PACKAGES}/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.20/variants/mkrwifi1010/linker_scripts/gcc/flash_with_bootloader.ld \
-Wl,-Map,${TARGET_NAME}.ino.map --specs=nano.specs --specs=nosys.specs -mcpu=cortex-m0plus -mthumb -Wl,--cref -Wl,--check-sections \
-Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,--unresolved-symbols=report-all -Wl,--warn-common -Wl,--warn-section-align")

target_link_libraries(
    ${TARGET_NAME} wiring_digital variant sercom uart arm_cortexM0l_math cdc pulse pulse_asm ipaddress
    cortex_handlers print reset stream tone usbcore pluggableusb samd21_host winterrupts wmath wstring
    abi dtostrf startup hooks itoa new wiring delay main sercom wiring_analog wiring_private wiring_shift)

A: Sounds like you're missing function body definition of one or more virtual member of the HardwareSerial class. Maybe you missed a define, e.g. HAVE_HWSERIAL0?


text:
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No Honor Among Thieves Game Review (prepublished version)
By Cyrus | August 30, 2016 - 7:26 am | August 30, 2016 Reviews
Please Take Note: This is a review of the final game, but it might change slightly based on the success of the Kickstarter campaign. The game is being reviewed on the components and the rules provided with the understanding that "what you see is not what you might get" when the game is published. If you like what you read and want to learn more, we encourage you to visit the game publisher's website or visit the Kickstarter campaign. Now that we have all that disclaimer junk out of the way, on with the review.
For ages 9 and up (publisher suggests 13+)
For 3 to 5 players
Approximately 120 minutes to complete
Geek Skills:
Active Listening & Communication
Counting & Math
Logical & Critical Decision Making
Risk vs. Reward
Cooperative & Team Play
Hand/Resource Management
Bluffing and Misdirection
Auctioning, Bidding, & Trading
Learning Curve:
Child – Moderate
Adult – Easy
Theme & Narrative:
Gamer Geek approved!
Parent Geek approved!
Child Geek approved!
To be clear, you don't think yourself a "bad person". On the contrary, you consider yourself a talented artist. You have an uncanny knack to retrieve that which others jealously guard…and then sell it…for a huge profit. Some call you a thief, but you prefer the term "entrepreneur". Of course, you have competition, but when it comes to a big score, even enemies become best of friends. For now…
No Honor Among Thieves, designed by Adam A. Watts and to be published by Carpe Omnis Games, will reportedly be comprised of 35 Character cards, 96 Scheme cards, 33 Defense cards, 18 Hidden Agenda cards, 12 Treasure cards, 5 Reference cards, 13 Objective mats, 1 Jail/Graveyard mat, 30 Copper coins, 20 Silver coins, 15 Gold coins, and 2 Dagger dice (custom six-sided dice). As this is a review of a prepublished game, I cannot comment on the game component quality. The illustrations depict various scenes of theft and pillaging in a fantasy city, complete with hooded thieves and well-armed guards.
With Friends Like This…
No Honor Among Thieves is driven by the escalating need to partner with individuals who are not looking out for the player's best interest. However, to what degree a player needs to work with others is communicated to some degree by the cards in the game. Each card type is summarized here.
Character Cards
The Character cards represent the "talent" the player has hired to help pull off the jobs. These individuals bring with them Skills that are used to pull off heists, special Abilities that give them an advantage, and their fee to help.
Scheme Cards
Scheme cards represent the support network, information, and details of the jobs to come. These cards help the player when they are in a tight spot, providing Skill bonuses and other necessary improvements to just narrowly escape with the loot.
Objective Cards
Objective cards represent the item to be stolen. It includes how much it'll be worth once fenced, along with the risk that must be taken (and possibly suffered) to obtain it. Knowing your objective helps the player determine if the job can be completed with just their crew of Characters or outside help and partnering with an opponent will be necessary.
Defense Cards
Defense cards represent the guards, traps, and various other obstacles that are stopping would be thieves from grabbing the objective and running away into the night. The more difficult the defensive measures, however, the more money the player can get for an objective. If the Defense cards are successfully avoided (or flat-out beaten down in some cases), the player not only gets the Objective card, but a whole lot more coins for their trouble. Risk truly does give a player a reward in this game.
Treasure Cards
Treasure cards represent the little things that are found while attempting to grab the objective. These are additional items, bonuses for the player's sticky fingers to snap up on their way out the window.
Hidden Agenda Cards
Hidden Agenda cards represent the player's secret plans. These are kept secret for the duration of the game and only revealed when the game ends. They will award the player additional points if they are able to successfully complete their hidden agenda.
Thieves in the Night
To set up the game, first shuffle the Hidden Agenda cards and deal 3 to each player, face-down. Players review their cards and decide which 2 to keep, discarding the 1 Hidden Agenda card they will not be using face-down to a pile. The kept cards are the player's Hidden Agendas for the duration of the game and they should remain hidden from opponents until the end of the game.
Second, take the Objective cards and divide them by their stage value (stage 1, 2, and 3). Shuffle each stage and then randomly discard 2 stage 1 Objectives and 2 stage 2 Objective cards, keeping the discarded Objective cards hidden and face-down. Then place the remaining Objective cards in a pile with stage 1 on top, stage 2 in the middle, and stage 3 on the bottom. Draw the first 2 Objective cards and place them face-up in the middle of the playing area.
Third, shuffle the Defense cards and place 1 face-up for every card slot on the Objective cards. Add the necessary coins as directed by the Defense cards to the Objective mat.
Fourth, place the Jail/Graveyard mat next to the Objective, with the "Honor Among Thieves" side face-up.
Sixth, give each player 6 coins and then shuffle the Character deck. Deal 2 Character cards per player face-up above the Objective to create the Hiring Pool.
Seventh, determine who will go first and then, in turn order sequence, have each player pick a face-up Character card and pay it's price to add the card to the player's hand (referred to as the player's "Crew"). Once the last player picks their Character card, they go again and the order reverses with the first player going last the second time around. The only difference between the first and the second pass is that players do not pay the recruitment cost for their second Character card. Once a Character card is selected, it's placed face-up in front of the owning player.
Eighth, draw another 5 Character cards to create the second Hiring Pool. Then draw 3 Character cards and put them in the "Jail" space on the Jail/Graveyard mat. Any coins still held by the players are theirs to keep.
Ninth, shuffle the Scheme cards and deal 4 to each player. These go into the player's hand and should remain hidden until instructed to reveal them.
That's it for game set up. Time to make some money and stab some backs.
Honor Versus Greed
No Honor Among Thieves is played in turns with no set number of turns per game. A player's turn is summarized here.
Step 1: Discard Down
If the player has more than 7 Scheme cards at the start of their turn, they must discard down to a maximum of 7 cards.
Step 2: Take 3 Actions
The player can now take 3 actions in any order. After 3 actions have been taken, the player's turn is over. The available actions to choose from are as follows.
The Heist action allows the player to attempt to take on an Objective or break Characters out of "Jail". A Heist is fairly involved and can include a number of other players. The following steps are taken when a Heist action is initiated.
Negotiate and plan with other opponents, promising various amounts of payment for their assistance. This is only necessary to do if the player doesn't think they can do it alone.
Send in the crew of Characters, countering Defense cards with the Crew's collective Skills and abilities. The Heist succeeds if the Defense cards are bypassed.
Complications may or may not occur if players want them to (think sabotage) by using Scheme cards, sending Characters to jail and even the graveyard.
Determine if Heist action was successful.
Determine if any of the players involved in the Heist action betrayed the others.
Give payout (some players will be given more or less than what they agreed to based on possible betrayal).
The Recruit action allows the player to take on new talent, including them in their Crew. The player pays the cost and takes the Character card from the Hiring Pool. A player can have a maximum of 4 Characters in their Crew.
Legwork
The Legwork action allows the player to draw as many Scheme cards as necessary to fill their hand to the maximum number of cards allowed.
The Logistic action allows the player to play as many "Logistic" Scheme cards as they like.
The Rest action allows the player to refresh Character cards who were used in a Heist, making them available again to use.
The Headhunting action removes the currently available Character cards in the Hiring Pool, placing them on the bottom of the Character deck, and 5 new Character cards are then drawn.
The Exchange action allows the player to trade cards with opponents.
Free Action: Fire Characters, Use Character Abilities, and Trade Coins
As a free action, the player can fire (discard) Characters, use Character abilities (where applicable), and exchange coins.
Betrayal and Honor
Character cards have certain abilities that will only be available if the game takes a sour turn. At the start of every game, an uneasy alliance is made between all the players. It's only a matter of time until greed gets the better of someone and they betray their fellow thieves for the lure of wealth. When this happens, the Jail/Graveyard card is flipped over to reveal to all players that no one is to be trusted since there was a betrayal. Which shouldn't come as a surprise to anyone.
But now the players have an additional problem. The game can end if the players do not work together to a certain degree. If too many thieves are running around and crime is rampant, the City Watch will crackdown and end the game. As such, players will need to keep working together and watch their backs.
The game ends on the same turn as when a stage 3 Objective is successfully looted. All players now reveal their Hidden Agendas and resolve them, collecting coins as needed. Then all the players count their coins and announce their total. The player with the most coins wins the game!
However, all the players will lose the game if there are ever fewer than 6 total Character cards in play (not including those in the Hiring Pool, Jail, and Graveyard). Martial Law is declared and the City Watch wages war with the thieves, winning in the process.
To learn more about No Honor Among Thieves, visit the game publisher's website or visit the Kickstarter campaign.
The Child Geeks had a bit of a learning curve when it came to the game. There are a lot of actions and they wanted to jump right into making a Heist. They quickly learned that preparation was key and working with other opponents could make things easier, but not necessarily better. According to one Child Geek, "I can't do the job on my own and I know I could if I got some help, but I don't want to share the loot." Another Child Geek excitedly said, "If you want to get help, you have to get ready to share what you find or break the code of thieves to keep it. That's a tough call to make unless there's a lot of rich stuff!" The honor among the thieves never lasted more than about 3 turns until there was betrayal be 2 or more young Guild Masters at the same time. Which was hilarious. When all the jobs were done and every coin accounted for, the Child Geeks all agreed that No Honor Among Thieves was a lot of fun to play.
The Parent Geeks also had a good time, finding the meta game of subtly manipulating and cheating others to be challenging and very entertaining. As one Parent Geek put it, "The look on another player's face when you betray them after a successful heist is hilarious! It's like I took their puppy." Another Parent Geek said, "I learned a lot about other people while playing this game. For example, my boyfriend is very good at getting me to come along on a heist only to steal everything from me. I'm going to remember that." Possible relationship problems aside, No Honor Among Thieves taught all the Parent Geeks two important lessons. The first is that cooperative play is necessary to steal the loot. Second, you only need to cooperate so far. When the games were over, the Parent Geeks all voted to approve No Honor Among Thieves.
The Gamer Geeks liked many aspects of the game. Specifically, the bluffing, the negotiation, the risk versus reward, and the sometimes not so subtle backstabbing. Most importantly, they liked how the game was constantly changing, power shifted, and alliances dissolved just as quickly as they were created. According to one Gamer Geek, "This is exactly the kind of game I love playing. It's not enough to learn the rules of the game. You have to invest a lot of time in the other players, learning what motivates them, and then using that to play the game against them." Another Gamer Geek said, "A smart game. I like how it keeps the players together through thick and thin, but never forces players to work together if they really don't want to." The only aspect of the game that the Gamer Geeks didn't care for was that what they could do was based on the cards they had in their hand. If they didn't have the cards for the action or reaction, then they couldn't do what they wanted. While this annoyed them, it was not a deal breaker, as there was always ways to go about getting things done. When the games were over, the Gamer Geeks approved No Honor Among Thieves.
When the game first starts, it's pretty straight forward. Everyone knows they could go about doing jobs alone, but the risk of failing is dramatically reduced if they get help. The problems begin when the amount of loot captured is not enough to go around. Some players might feel like they are being taken advantage of or believe their business partners aren't strong enough to stop them from taking control. This is where the game goes from difficult to convoluted. Once the treaties have been broken, anything goes, but players still need to work together. It's a given that backstabbing will occur, even if you think you are on really good terms. This makes trust and working together difficult, but it's absolutely necessary since none of the players are strong enough to tackle jobs on their own without real possible failure. The end result is a game that starts off tense and only gets more tense as it continues.
If 120 minutes of play time sound long, understand that it takes time to negotiate deals, resolve backstabbing, and then spend 10 or so minutes talking excitedly about the last job the players took. This is a social game, full of discussion, negotiating, and heavy bluffing. That takes time and it's the primary reason why No Honor Among Thieves is as long as it is. The actual resolution of a player's turn is pretty quick up to when they take a Heist. Then things slow down, players focus in, and everyone has fun watching the caper unfold.
I was very pleased with No Honor Among Thieves. It had several game elements that I have always enjoyed. Specifically, bluffing and negotiation. I find games like this to be multi-leveled, with the game on the very top and the meta game of players attempting to out do one another below. It's very satisfying.
Honor? Not likely. Betrayal? Certainly, but only to a point. If there is no profit in it, a wise players stays out of trouble. After all, players do have to work together in the game, but that doesn't mean they have to like it. Do try this game when time allows. It'll have you second guessing every opponent, desperately searching for signs of a motive, and cleverly hiding your own agenda among the confusion.
This is a paid for review of the game's final prototype. Although our time and focus was financially compensated, our words are our own. We'd need at least 10 million dollars before we started saying what other people wanted. Such is the statuesque and legendary integrity of Father Geek which cannot be bought except by those who own their own private islands and small countries.
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Tagged Bluffing Games, Card Games, Child Geek Approved, Fantasy Games, Father Geek Approved, Gamer Geek Approved, Parent Geek Approved, Prepublished Games. Bookmark the permalink.
About Cyrus
Editor in Chief, Owner/Operator, Board Game Fanatic, Father of Three, and Nice Guy, Cyrus has always enjoyed board, card, miniature, role playing, and video games, but didn't get back into the hobby seriously until early 2000. Once he did, however, he was hooked. He now plays board games with anyone and everyone he can, but enjoys playing with his children the most. Video games continue to be of real interest, but not as much as dice and little miniatures. As he carefully navigates the ins and outs of parenting, he does his very best to bestow what wisdom he has and help nurture his children's young minds. It is his hope and ambition to raise three strong, honorable men who will one day go on to do great things and buy their Mom and Dad a lobster dinner. Cyrus goes by the handle fathergeek on Board Game Geek. You can also check him out on CyrusKirby.com. Yes, he has a URL that is his name. His ego knows no bounds, apparently....
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Anchored snapper If you have seen the image, the labels displayed near the points they mention the order or the route of GPS, I would like to know is there a possibility for example to eliminate the segment which is near point 70, because in real life it should snap on the other segment.

A: It's hard to do this in an automatic way unless you can specify exactly why that segment should be removed. We need some form of rule to define it.
For example, you could measure the length of all lines and drop lines that are less than a certain length. That would remove segments that perhaps are not particularly useful, but in this scenario it wouldn't work.
You could also measure the bearing or angle of the segment. It looks like that's what you're saying here, that the line ought to be ignored because it's at an angle to the simplified junction layout. The HorizontalAngleCalculator from the FME Hub will do the measuring part for you.
But then FME would have to know that the segment's angle is different to the main network. Maybe you could use the NeighborFinder to find the nearest lines to each point, and from there figure out which is at the correct azimuth/bearing?
Or maybe... use the NeighborFinder on each line to find its closest other lines. If a line is, say, 40-50 degrees different the lines it connects to, then it should be removed.
The TopologyBuilder transformer may also help to provide this information.
Anyway, I'm afraid that's the best I have. In short, try to measure the azimuth and then compare neighboring segments to see if they have a matching bearing or not. but exactly how you do that depends on the exact criteria for a line needing to be discarded.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: how to fetch value for dynamic textarea i want to fetch comments on some ans by their question_id or ans_id, but text arez coming dynamicaly so i am confused how to fetch comment for exact ans
look at my textarea field
here 70,66 are the ans_id
so i want to fetch comment whose ans_id is 70 or 66, at the position of same question,
here is my comment table

i applied this code for get the comment value for each textarea
echo $loot="select* from comment where answer_id='$ans_id' && activation=1";
$root=mysql_query($loot);
<?php
while($row=mysql_fetch_array($root))
{

?>

<?php echo $row['comments']; ?>

<?php
}
?>

and getting result like this

it is fetching only one value for one id
i thing you might have understand my problem...thanx in advance, any recommendation will highly responded...

A: Name your text areas in array notation. example
<textarea name="ddd[90]" id="ddd" cols="45" rows="5"></textarea>.
Then you can access text area content like bellow when submitted.
  echo $_POST['ddd'][90];


text:
Габрк може бити:

 Габрк (Илирска Бистрица), насељено мјесто у општини Илирска Бистрица, Република Словенија
 Габрк (Шкофја Лока), насељено мјесто у општини Шкофја Лока, Република Словенија

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you are considering becoming a nurse find information on types of programs, schools offering those programs, financing a nursing education, etc.
Clicking on a link below will direct you to that specific content area.
Contains information on the funding resource administered by the Kentucky Board of Nursing.
One step to becoming licensed to practice nursing in Kentucky is to pass the National Council Licensing Exam (NCLEX®).
The link below will open a table that lists the current approval status for programs of nursing under the jurisdiction of the Kentucky Board of Nursing.
For education related issues, you can use the contact link above, or call 502-429-7179 or 1-800-305-2042, ext 7179.
For more information about the Nursing Incentive Scholarship Fund, use the contact link above, call 502-429-7179, or click here to be taken to the website page.


text:
The Purge creator says he's thought of a 'really cool' way to end film franchise
October 23, 2018 at 06:44 PM EDT
This summer, The First Purge raked in a more than respectable $69 million at the box office. But will we soon see the last film in the franchise, about an annual 12-hour period of sanctioned law-breaking? James DeMonaco, who has written all four Purge movies and directed the first three films, tells EW that he has an idea for the next entry in the series, which he also thinks will be the last.
"I have it in my head," says DeMonaco. "I think I'm going to write it. I think it's a great way to end it all. We want to end it all, I think, in this one, and I'm very excited. When I came up with the idea and pitched it to everybody, they seemed psyched, and I think it will be a really cool ending, how we take this one home."
The TV version of The Purge is currently airing Tuesday nights on USA.
Southbound codirector Roxanne Benjamin to write remake of Night of the Comet
Mel Brooks came up with one of the most famous horror movie taglines of all time
Jamie Lee Curtis reunites with original Halloween costar Kyle Richards at sequel's premiere
Gerard McMurray
Y'lan Noel,
Lex Scott Davis,
Joivan Wade,


text:
Ronen Recommends
You are here: Ronen Recommends
Ronen's Rating System:
***** A must watch
**** Worth seeing
*** If you must watch a movie and there is nothing else out there
** Don't bother
* It's so bad its almost good... not... These are films I walked out on, or just fell asleep
(K: stars) Rating by my children. As they are easy to please, would typically be higher than mine...
The Martian (2015) ****
By Ronen Divon on 10/11/2015 7:37 PM | Filed Under Disaster, Drama, Feature, Film, Sci-Fi, Survival
Ridley Scott, Simon Kinberg, Michael Schaefer, Aditya Sood, Mark Huffam, Drew Goddard, Andy Weir, Matt Damon, Jessica Chastain, Kristen Wiig, Jeff Daniels, Michael Peña, Kate Mara, Sean Bean, Sebastian Stan, Aksel Hennie, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Harry Gregson-Williams, Dariusz Wolski, Pietro Scalia
Directed by Ridley Scott and starring Matt Damon, The Martian is a Sci-Fi film based on Andy Weir's 2011 novel of the same title. Adapted to the screen by Drew Goddard, The Martian tells the story of Mark Watney, an astronaut specializing in Botany, who finds himself stranded on Mars, mistakenly left for dead by his fellow teammates. The plot follows Watney's fight for survival as well as NASA's attempts at rescuing him.
The Martian is more than just a Sci-Fi film; it is the ultimate Nerd Hero flick if ever was there such a genre. Watney, the protagonist, is faced with a string of life-threatening challenges which he needs to overcome using his academic knowledge as well as MacGyver-like wits. That being said, The Martian (book and film alike) carry an optimistic tune about a world coming together to help a fellow human stranded gazillion miles away. The story tries, and to a large degree succeeds, in capturing the excitement shared by humanity when that first step was taken on the moon.
Much has been said about writer Weir's fixation with making the science behind the story accurate. In fact, NASA supported the filmmakers in their efforts, viewing this as a golden PR opportunity for promoting space exploration. This attention to technical and scientific details makes reading the novel, at times, feel more like reading a scientific paper, but in the film it helps with obtaining credibility. By the way, one major flow in terms of inaccuracy, relates to the thin atmosphere of the planet; that would made powerful storms as depicted in the film unlikely. But let's not be picky; after all, there is fiction in Science Fiction.
Some praises at hand, starting with the screen adaptation. Though IMHO the book is still better than the film as its written, for the most part, as a personal diary and thus rich in thoughts and details, that cannot be transcribed well onto the big screen. Thus using the visual medium correctly rather than trying to portray the novel word for word, Goddard and Scott took a different approach. The novel was striped to its bare plot components while maintaining the essence of the story. The result is satisfying.
Ridley Scott, a seasoned and very capable director is taking a break from his blood-bath movies of recent years, and proves he can pace drama, navigating through real human emotions, supported by strong visuals.
The casting, for the most part, is very good. Matt Damon, one of my personal favorite actors of his generation, is perfect for the role. Jessica Chastain, Jeff Daniels, Michael Peña, and Kate Mara, to mention a few, are also well casted. I was disappointed to see Kapoor, the NASA mission director, not being casted as a person of Hindu descent (as in the book). Art direction and cinematography both support the story well.
All things considered the novel is still worth reading as it is richer and more thought-provoking. I also recommend the audio-book version which enjoys a good narrator.
Round and about, my favorite book quote was missing in the film version: "Duct tape is magic and should be worshiped."
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Game Night (2018) ****
Directed by John Francis Daley and Jonathan Goldstein, to a screenplay by Mark Perez, Game Night is a comedy-action thriller, that delivers jokes while...
The Last Jedi (2017) ****
If I had to sum-up the experience of watching this film in one word, it would be: impressive. Although, not without hiccups. The Last Jedi counts as ...
Professor Marston and the Wonder Women (2017) ***
A bio-drama, Professor Marston and the Wonder Women tells the story of psychologist William Moulton Marston, and the two women in his life. Martson, a...
American Made (2017) ****
Life is stranger than fiction; this paraphrase of a Mark Twain's famous quote may come in mind, when watching American Made. It is a film based on true...
Far Western (2016, Japan, USA) ****
Who would have guessed that in Japan, especially post-WWII, American country music, including Bluegrass, will have not just fans, but actual talented ...
Blade Runner 2049 (2017) ****
Blade Runner 2049, or BR 2049 for short, is a 2017 neo-noir sci-fi film, directed by Denis Villeneuve to a screenplay by Hampton Fancher and Michael ...
Maudie (2016) ****
An indie bio-drama, Maudie follows the life of Nova Scotia painter Maud Lewis. The film, a Canadian-Irish production, shot to a small budget of $5.6mm...
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017) ****
The Guardians Vol. 2's storyline is as thin and infantile as a young twig, yet it serves one purpose – delivering perfect punchlines. And yes, the special...
Frantz (2016, France-Germany) ****
Franz tells the story of a German woman named Anna, beautifully portrayed by Paula Beer, who, in post-WWI Germany of 1919, while grieving Franz, her fianc...
Logan (2017) ***
Directed by James Mangold, who co-wrote the screenplay with Scott Frank and Michael Green, Logan is based on a story by Mangold. Logan introduces us to...
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Re: Logan (2017) ***
I agree about the relationship with Logan and Charles - added a lot of depth, especially with the next...
-- ed
Re: Eye in the Sky (2015, UK) *****
Great Review Ronen!
-- Scott
Re: Top Five (2014) ***
wonderfully expressed review and very accurately describing the movie...
-- Zoes mom
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such great performers - would have expected more of.... very disappointing to hear....
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Stunned. Speechless. This is a powerful movie. Its objectivity and lack of judgment IS its power, and...
-- Monroe Movie Lover
Re: Inception (2010) ***
Special effects are more than ever present even in drama movies, its almost normal that an action thriller...
-- Alvaro
Re: The Real Dirt On Farmer John (2005) ***
Interesting though i was expecting more of the film.
-- rondnor
Re: Midnight Run (1988) *****
great movie indeed
Re: The Bounty Hunter (2010) *
wont bother then
-- superair
Re: Stardust (2007) *****
LOVE, LOVE, LOVE this movie :-)watching Robert De Niro in a dress what could be better.Enjoy
-- YRD
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Лунвож (устар. Лун-Вож) — река в России, протекает по Республике Коми. Устье реки находится в 12 км по правому берегу реки Вуктыл. Длина реки составляет 30 км.

Данные водного реестра
По данным государственного водного реестра России относится к Двинско-Печорскому бассейновому округу, водохозяйственный участок реки — Вычегда от истока до города Сыктывкар, речной подбассейн реки — Вычегда. Речной бассейн реки — Северная Двина.

Код объекта в государственном водном реестре — 03020200112103000016095.

Примечания

Бассейн Вычегды
Реки Усть-Куломского района


Perhaps the most traditional symbol of matrimony is a pair of gold wedding rings. The traditional image of plain gold bands has been enhanced to include countless styles, in a variety of colors, shapes and widths. Today, both the bride and groom can select from an even wider variety of bands than ever before; ranging from simple half round bands to even more elaborate styles, with as many patterns as can be imagined.
Prior to the millennium, most bridal rings where crafted from yellow gold. Since this time yellow has become the exception. White gold wedding rings have become the favorite of most, still there is a strong demand for two-tone, tri-color, and rose gold wedding bands as well.
Whatever your choice in color, shape or size, we know that you will love the selection Jewelry Designs has to offer. Each of our bands is created, one at a time, by our master jewelers in our Connecticut shop.
If you are looking for a ring that is uniquely your own, or if you are having a hard time fitting a ring to your existing engagement ring design, then our jewelers will help you to personally build a custom gold wedding ring suites your needs.


The car is over getting the roll cage installed, along with a lot of the rest of the fabrication work required. Left and right side window nets, battery shutoffs, fuel system, fire system. The days are counting down.


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Ch ch changes
Mabel drew a picture of her little brother, something Charlie and I both celebrated somewhat quietly. A drawing felt like a huge step in the direction of acceptance: acceptance that change is on it's way, and will (has) arrive with the arrival of a little brother.
It's been trying, interesting, and a slowly evolving experience letting Mabel know she has a safe place with us and will not be replaced by her brother. M's first reaction was that she didn't want a brother, he must be a sister. She eventually accepted that he will be a boy, but firmly (and often) let us know she would not be sharing her strollers, her toys, or anything else of hers with him. All the while, when I sit on the couch and she snuggles up next to me, Boy-in-my-Belly maneuvers into a ball next to Mabel, so my belly is bulging off to the side. I think he already knows and loves her voice. We point it out to M, doing our best to know she's an integral part of the family.
Following a link from Aesthetic Outburst, I landed on Molasses Candy. It's comforting to read stories of similar anxiety over transition and celebration of artistic expression. Her post on drawing faces inspired me to look into the stages of children's artistic development. I loved reading this blog post from The Wonder Years about the Pre-Schematic Stage.
That's pretty amazing for a 3YO. Apparently she's expecting him to have Calvin-esque hair.
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Committee, Organigram & Equality
Press and Media Centre
Contact / Arrival
Research Programme (2018–2023)
Digital historical research
Research consortia
IEG Fellowship Programme
Visiting Fellowship Programme
Living and Working
Drawing Death into Life. Comparative Perspectives of Protestant Ways in Coping with Death between Desacralization and Resacralization, 1580–1700
»To die peacefully« – This project follows the origins of this ideal and examines how death and dying were present in the daily lives of the people in Early Modern Europe. On the one hand, it investigates the emotional norms that death and dying evoked. On the other hand, it lays a focus on the ethical implications it entails.
Primary sources are funeral sermons. While the research on these sources so far mainly focused on genealogical information, the project aims to incorporate the entire source, including the sermons itself. A special appeal lies in the perspective, which allows a comparison, that is at the same time European and confessional. Middle-German funeral sermons, Lutheran funeral sermons and funeral sermons from the reformed Basel, as well as English copies from the territory of the Church of England shall provide insight about the question whether there were discernible differences or similarities between Protestant mourning in the 16th and the 17th century.
Dr. Benedikt Brunner


I first fell in love with this little guy when I saw his video with my favorite, Josh Groban.
But, did you know how special this little guy really is?
That whole Soul Pancake website is amazing .... have you seen the teachers' activity guide?
LOVIN' it right alongside of you!
Josh Groban is my FAVORITE! This totally made my day!
I love Kid President! Last week we had college spirit week and one day I decided my kids needed a pep talk so we watched KP! They loved him!
They were talking about him on the news last night!! He is adorable!!!


text:
Федосеевка () — село в Аулиекольском районе Костанайской области Казахстана. Входит в состав Сулыкольского сельского округа. Находится примерно в 35 км к югу от районного центра, села Аулиеколь. Код КАТО — 393647200.

Население
В 1999 году население села составляло 688 человек (341 мужчина и 347 женщин). По данным переписи 2009 года, в селе проживало 545 человек (247 мужчин и 298 женщин).

Примечания

Населённые пункты Аулиекольского района


text:
home // News // An open letter to Dr Kathleen Matthews, President, Australia Dental Association NSW //
An open letter to Dr Kathleen Matthews, President, Australia Dental Association NSW
Source: Fluoride Free Australia | By The Management Team
Original Letter online at https://fluoridefreeaustralia.org/open-letter-ada-nsw/
On 17 February 2021, Port Macquarie-Hastings Council confirmed a community poll on water fluoridation will be held later this year.
In response to this decision, Dr Kathleen Matthews, President of the NSW Branch of the Australian Dental Association, has been outspoken in the media, criticising PMH Council for its "baseless" objection to fluoridation.
In this open letter, we respond to Dr Matthews and ask if she will continue to mislead the people of Port Macquarie Hastings and other Australians about this highly contentious and vitally important issue of water fluoridation.
Dear Dr Matthews
We were extremely surprised by your recent comment in the media, saying:
"Water fluoridation is a safe, effective and equitable means of preventing dental decay in children, adolescents and adults at a community level."
Dr Kathleen Matthews
The Australian, 17 February 2021
We realise this comment reflects your organisation's official position, but you appear to have been misled yourself because this statement is unfortunately not true.
In this letter we will respond to the three aspects you mention above – safety, efficacy and equality – and ask you some important questions along the way.
It's remarkable – 40 per cent less tooth decay!
"…it decreases decay rates by around 40 per cent, and that's just via drinking water,"
NBN News, 18 February 2021.
Your statement that fluoridated water reduces dental decay by around 40 per cent is extremely misleading. So on 24 February 2021 we asked you by email to provide the source of your claim. In the absence of a response from you, we suspect this 40 per cent figure originally came from a document titled "Water Fluoridation: Nature's Way to Prevent Tooth Decay." This document, dated 2006 was produced by the American Dental Association in collaboration with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and is a promotional document conspicuously lacking in science.
Having analysed in detail the published, peer-reviewed science of water fluoridation for years, we are fed up with promotional slogans by fluoridation promoters such as yourself, without any substantiating scientific evidence provided.
Nine years after the publication of this promotional ADA/CDC document, the science of fluoridation was meticulously clarified. In 2015 the Cochrane Collaboration, acknowledged internationally as the gold standard in the review of health science, published the results of the largest, most comprehensive meta-review ever conducted on the effectiveness of water fluoridation. This meta-review is referred to as the Cochrane Review (2015).1
Dr Matthews, has anyone made you aware of this globally important meta-review? If so, you would know that:
1. Not one single published Australian fluoride efficacy study met the relaxed inclusion criteria for this comprehensive meta-review;
2. Of the 277 studies initially regarded eligible by the Cochrane team, only 19 studies conducted between 1951 and 2015 met the final inclusion criteria for dental caries, although a majority (around 70 per cent) of these studies were conducted before 1975. All 19 of these studies were deemed to be poor quality;
3. In the review's summary findings, the authors found no high-quality research showing that:
– Fluoridation provided any benefit to adults;
– Fluoridation provided additional benefits over and above topically applied fluoride;
– Fluoridation reduced inequalities among children from different socio-economic groups; or that
– Tooth decay increased in communities when fluoridation is stopped.
4. The Cochrane team also regarded the studies claiming to show that water fluoridation reduces decay in children as not applicable to today's society, as nearly all the studies reviewed (dating back to the 1940s – 1960s) had a high risk of bias and were conducted prior to the availability of fluoride toothpaste and other sources of fluoride.
As water fluoridation is forced on communities it is even more important that this highly-controversial health intervention is based on sound, quality science. Unfortunately, since the Cochrane Review, and a substantial-and-growing body of other scientific evidence, it can no longer be said with any truthfulness that water fluoridation is backed by solid science.
Your statement to the Port Macquarie-Hastings community was therefore a GROSS MISREPRESENTATION of the published science now available.
If you have been relying on indirect advice from others regarding the science, we suggest you personally read the full Cochrane Review, or at least its key findings, before venturing again to inform any community about fluoridation and tooth decay.
Q. Dr Matthews, in view of the fail-grade findings of the Cochrane Review, we ask why you are continuing to mislead the Australian community with a now-debunked policy line and why you continue to ignore the findings of this comprehensive metta-review?
Is this misleading or is it deception?
The history of water fluoridation is riddled with misrepresentations and promotional misinformation.
For example, in our article titled The history of fluoride in Queensland – "65% less tooth decay", we point out the deceptive use of merely relative decay percentage rates.
In the notorious 1996 Townsville-Brisbane study2, used by the Queensland State Government in 2007 to promote fluoridation, the fluoridated Townsville group had on average 0.09 decayed, missing or filled surfaces (DMFS), compared to the unfluoridated Brisbane group with an average 0.26 DMFS.
That means a difference of just 0.17 of one tooth surface amongst 120 total surfaces, being an absolute reduction of just 0.14 per cent or less than a quarter of one percent!
To represent those results as showing an astounding 65 per cent reduction in decay, is reminiscent of a snake-oil salesman, and is therefore grossly misleading to the community.
Similarly, your claim of a "40 per cent reduction" in tooth decay sounds impressive, but in actual terms translates to a fraction of a tooth surface difference.
Q. Dr Matthews, will you and your colleagues urgently familiarise yourself with the negligible dental benefit from water fluoridation, and cease misleading and possibly deceiving the people of Port Macquarie-Hastings with purely self-serving percentage figures?
More deception?
Perhaps your claim was also influenced or reinforced by comments made by New Zealand's Ministry of Health and subsequent comments by the President of the New Zealand Dental Association, that water fluoridation reduces dental decay by 40 per cent.
That claim from our trans-Tasman neighbour is based on the 2009 Sapere Report, sponsored by the New Zealand Ministry of Health and derived from a MOH survey using data from 2008.3 The 2009 report is based on an examination of only around 65 children in each age group, which was then unjustifiably and misleadingly used to extrapolate to a national forecast saving in dental decay rates that would exceed the cost of implementing fluoridation for the whole country. As Fluoride Free New Zealand points out, extrapolating from such a small selective study is hugely misleading.
It is also ironic that despite the impressive claim, regular, more comprehensive dental surveys conducted by MOH show a very different picture. The MOH table below (dated 16 November 2018) shows the dental health status of children aged five in 2017 and reveals the so called 40 per cent improvement in fluoridated areas to be complete nonsense.
The overall difference for New Zealand is actually 1.79 per cent. The green numbers, however, show that eight regions, especially ethnic groups in these regions, had SIGNIFICANTLY LESS tooth decay in NON-fluoridated areas, while the blue numbers show a difference of less than five per cent; i.e. virtually the same.
A similar profile can be found in almost every MOH dental health survey collected in New Zealand, revealing that MOH's own data proves them wrong!
Q. Dr Matthews, will you continue to be influenced by misleading and deceptive dental health statistics worldwide?
Shall we conveniently ignore all large-scale studies?
Dr Matthews, we strongly encourage you to suspend your cherry picking and fluoride proselytising and read our article; Water fluoridation is not effective. In this article we reveal that all large-scale, population-based fluoride efficacy studies conducted since the original 1950s studies (studies that have been shown to be erroneous), clearly show that fluoridation DOES NOT reduce tooth decay.
Q. Dr Matthews, will you actually read these substantial, large-scale studies, or will you continue to rely on relatively small-scale, poor-quality, pro-fluoride studies, thereby misleading the community?
Underlying statistics
Lastly, if drinking fluoridated water really does reduce tooth decay by around 40 per cent, then it would be reasonable to assume that Australia – one of the most fluoridated countries in the world – would have outstanding, or at least above-average, dental health. Unfortunately the official dental statistics continue to show otherwise.
Nearly 90 per cent of Australians receive fluoridated water and yet in March 2018, the Oral Health Tracker4 revealed that about 90 per cent of adults (15+) have had or will have some form of tooth decay. In November 2018, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare5 reported that:
42 per cent of all children aged 5 to 10 have experienced tooth decay in their primary teeth;
about 25 per cent of children aged 6 to 14 have experienced decay in their permanent teeth; and
all Australians aged 15 and over have an average 12.8 decayed, missing or filled teeth amongst a total of 32 teeth.
In 2016-2017, AIHW also reported there was a staggering 132,700 hospitalisations involving general anaesthesia for dental procedures. In NSW alone, the state's hospitalisation data shows that tooth decay and other preventable dental problems resulted in 16,700 NSW adults and children in hospital in 2015-16. The data also showed more than 100 children a week are having multiple rotting teeth extracted, filled and capped under general anaesthetic. In fact all capital cities in Australia (which are all fluoridated) are experiencing a dental decay epidemic or crisis amongst our children, with several cities reporting a record number of tooth extractions under anaesthetic for young children.
Fluoridation is clearly not working and yet dental professionals and other fluoride proponents have used these disturbing dental health statistics as an argument to increase the availability of fluoridated water throughout Australia.
Meanwhile, the 2020 Oral Health Checker (co-produced and sponsored by the Australian Dental Association) states that a massive 47.8 per cent of Australian adults (aged 19+) are consuming too much free sugar and that only 53 per cent of adults are brushing their teeth twice daily. Herein lies the real problem, NOT a lack of fluoridation.
Q. Dr Matthews, we urge you not to continue ignoring these vital statistics showing fluoridation is clearly not working, to acknowledge the actual data and abandon the fluoridation myth for the good of the nation.
"Research that is anti-fluoride is actually not sound scientific research, it's opinions; and in the world that we live at the moment, everyone's absolutely able to have opinions about fluoride. But I think that for me, it's a little bit like arguing against seat belts perhaps in cars."
ABC Mid North Coast NSW Radio Mornings; 18 February 2021.
Opinions or a substantial body of scientific evidence?
As of February 2021, a total of 68 studies conducted worldwide – with 58 of these based on water fluoridation – have found that fluoride consumption is associated with reduced IQ in humans. More than 60 animal studies, even at very moderate dose rates, have also found that fluoride exposure impairs the learning and/or memory capacity of animals.
Amongst the human studies, 66 studies were based on IQ examinations of more than 25,000 children, while two studies involved 245 adults. Together these studies provide compelling evidence that fluoride exposure during the early years of life can damage a child's developing brain. You can see a full list of these studies here. For a short video on the effects of fluoride both on the developing brain and on a whole society, click here. Dr Matthews, is that really what you want for our children?
Amongst this steady stream of published, peer-reviewed science over 20 years, there have been SIX Mother-Offspring studies based on water fluoridation, showing the relationship between maternal fluoride ingestion and subsequent lowered IQ in their children.
In 2006 the US National Research Council published "Fluoride in Drinking Water"6 the most authoritative review of fluoride's toxicity. It stated unequivocally that "fluorides have the ability to interfere with the functions of the brain and the body."
In 2012 a Harvard-funded meta-analysis7 found that children ingesting higher levels of fluoride tested an average 7 IQ points lower in 26 out of 27 studies. Most had higher fluoride concentrations than in US and Australian water, but many had total exposures to fluoride no more than what millions of Americans and Australians receive from mandatory water fluoridation.
In 2015, Malin and Till8 empirically demonstrated an association between widespread exposure to fluoridated water and increased ADHD prevalence in US children and adolescents.
Since 2017, EIGHT major studies and reviews have confirmed that fluoride damages the developing brain, at exposure levels the same as from artificial water fluoridation:
Summary of the eight major fluoride neurotoxicity studies since 2017
The Bashash study (2017), a National Institutes of Health (NIH) – funded study in Mexico covering 13 years found that every one milligram per liter (1 mg/L) increase in fluoride in pregnant women's urine – approximately the difference caused by ingestion of fluoridated water – was associated with a reduction of their children's IQ by an average 5-6 points.
The Till study (2018), a Canadian study found iodine-deficient adults (nearly 18% of the population) with higher fluoride levels had a greater risk of hypothyroidism (known to be linked to lower IQs). Author Ashley Malin said "I have grave concerns about the health effects of fluoride exposure."
The Green study (2019), another NIH-funded study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics, found every 1
mg/L increase in fluoride in Canadian pregnant women's urine was linked to a 4.5 decrease in IQ in their male children. The physician editor of JAMA Pediatrics said "I would not have my wife drink fluoridated water" if she was pregnant.
A detailed article about this study is available HERE.
MUST READ: A number of criticisms by pro-fluoridationists have been made about this study. A response to these criticisms is available HERE. The JAMA Pediatrics Editor-in-Chief reported in an editorial on the journal's stats for 2019, including the top three articles ranked by Altmetric score. Green et al. ranked number one. More details available HERE.
The Riddell study (2019), found that children in fluoridated areas have nearly THREE TIMES the risk of ADHD compared with children in non-fluoridated areas.
The Till study (2019) another NIH-funded study, found that babies fed formula mixed with fluoridated water averaged 4 IQ points less than those mixed with non-fluoridated water. Losses of non-verbal IQ were even more serious, an average of 9 points.
The US National Toxicology Program Review (2019), a systematic review of 149 human studies and 339 animal studies concluded that "fluoride is presumed to be a cognitive neurodevelopmental hazard to humans." In February 2021, the National Academy of Sciences published its final peer review of the NTP Review, strengthening NTP's original conclusion. More details HERE. Watch a video summary HERE.
The Grandjean Review (2019), Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: an updated review concluded; "The recent epidemiological results support the notion that elevated fluoride intake during early development can result in IQ deficits that may be considerable."
The Malin study (2019), found that in adolescents aged 16 – 19 years living with fluoridated water, there was a doubling of symptoms indicative of sleep apnoea, compared with those with low fluoride water.
A detailed summary including links to these studies is available HERE.
Many studies, including those considered in the NRC Review (2006), also show fluoride damages the kidneys, thyroid gland, pineal gland, bones and teeth; inhibits enzymes and cell proteins and contributes to iodine deficiency. For summaries, please read our articles Water fluoridation is not safe and A steady stream of science.
It is ironic that fluoridation causes damage to the teeth it is supposed to protect. Even NHMRC admits 25 per cent of children in Australia have dental fluorosis9 and at least 3.4 per cent of NSW children have moderate to severe fluorosis and yet fluoridation is still forced on NSW councils. But as we point out in this article, the rates of dental fluorosis in Australia are probably drastically understated. Residents of NSW and others should also be concerned that if fluoride is causing damage to their teeth, i.e. the hardest tissue or substance in our body, then as many studies suggest, it's doing even more damage to all the soft tissues and organs in our body.
You should also be aware that several of the large fluoride-developmental-neurotoxicity studies received considerable funding from US Government agencies such as NIEHS, NIH and EPA. In order to receive this funding the research teams, often from major universities and medical research institutes, were required to demonstrate their research protocols were adequate if not rigorous for the research task involved.
Lastly, we suggest that you do not refer to these studies as having been properly considered by NHMRC, as they demonstrably have not.
Q. Dr Matthews, it is now undeniable that there is a substantial body of rigorous scientific research, including several multi-million-dollar, US-Government-funded studies showing fluoridation chemicals damage the developing brain of the fetus, infant and child. This finding has been repeated over 20 years in 58 separate water-fluoridation studies, and confirmed in several comprehensive meta-reviews by highly-reputable research teams, often headed by world leaders in toxicology. Many other significant studies reveal a list of other physiological damage caused by the consumption of fluoridation chemicals, including three major studies showing possible damage to the thyroid gland. We find it negligent, possibly even intentionally negligent, to continue in the face of such a substantial body of evidence to claim that fluoridation is safe. Dr Matthews, are you just unaware of these published findings, or are you really – and insultingly – suggesting that this highly relevant and reputable research is "not sound" and based on mere "opinions"?
Nature's way!
"Fluoride is a naturally occurring element that is in water supplies. When people in Port Macquarie go for a swim at the beach, they are ingesting a higher level of fluoride than what they would from a tap in their home."
Really Dr Matthews???
Fluoride – as calcium fluoride – is indeed found in sea water, at a concentration of around 1 milligram per litre, approximating the concentration of "fluoride" in Australian fluoridated drinking water. But it is obviously absurd, and an insult both to the intelligence of Australians and your professional position, to compare the ingestion of very small amounts of sea water while swimming with a lifetime of consuming fluoridated tap water.
It is also misleading to suggest that because fluoride (as calcium fluoride) is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, sea water and some artesian water, that it is safe for humans.
The man-made, industrial-waste chemical used for fluoridation has never been proven safe for human consumption. And there are specific health implications from synthetic fluoride. For example, several studies by Masters et al10,11,12 found the use of hexafluorosilicic acid or silicofluorides resulted in an increased uptake of lead into children's blood, but they did not find this association with naturally occurring calcium fluoride. This is a very serious finding given the well-documented neurotoxic effects of lead.
Dr Matthews, we strongly encourage you and all residents of Port Macquarie-Hastings to read our article; The source of fluoride: find out what you're really drinking! As we state in this article, it is quite remarkable that health authorities and professionals go to extraordinary lengths, often using misleading and even false statements to defend and reinforce this irrational and scientifically-defunct policy of adding a very hazardous, toxic, industrial-waste chemical to our drinking water. Some of Australia's health authorities even go as far as stating that fluoride is an essential nutrient which is not only absurd it's false and blatant deception.
All residents of Port Macquarie-Hastings should know that the fluoridation chemical used predominately in Australia (including PMH) is actually a by-product resulting from the processing of agricultural fertiliser. To produce this fertiliser, phosphate rock is heated to more than 300 degrees and sulfuric acid is added to create "superphosphate". In this process, two extremely toxic gasses are emitted which are captured by "scrubbing", or the spraying of fine jets of water into the chimneys. This resulting chemical compound, known as hexafluorosilicic acid or hydrofluorosilicic acid, does not undergo any further treatment or processing. Instead, in its raw form, it is given the appealing name of "fluoride" and is transported straight to various water dosing plants around Australia and added directly to our drinking water.
Q. Dr Matthews, will you cease and desist from misleading the people of Port Macquarie-Hastings by stating that fluoride is a naturally occurring element, thereby implying that the chemicals used for water fluoridation in Australia are also natural and safe?
EQUALITY AND ETHICS
"The fluoridation of community water supplies is an effective way to deliver fluoride to all members of the community, regardless of age, individual motivation or socioeconomic status."
The Australian, 17 February 2021.
Effective and equitable…..or completely ineffective and inequitable?
In terms of equality and your suggestion that fluoridation benefits everyone, we again refer to the findings of the comprehensive Cochrane Review (2015) that directly contradicts your belief and statements. In particular, the Cochrane team found no high quality research showing that fluoridation reduced inequalities among children from different socio-economic groups.
In terms of ethics, we encourage you and other visitors to read our article titled Water fluoridation is not ethical. As we state in this article, "The arrogance surrounding the ethical considerations of mandatory water fluoridation in Australia is staggering and the tactics used to defend and promote the process of adding toxic fluoridation chemicals to our drinking water are also far from ethical."
Water fluoridation is a violation of ethics for the following reasons:
Fluoridation deprives the individual of their basic right to informed consent. Fluoridation allows government bodies to impose on the public what an individual doctor is prohibited from doing to any individual. Click on the image right to read the section on community consultation within the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines;
Fluoridation provides an uncontrolled dose, depending on the volume of water consumed and the individual's body weight. People who drink large quantities of water such as bottle-fed infants, outdoor workers, athletes and diabetics are particularly at risk;
Fluoridation disregards an individual's personal circumstances. Medical science understands well that individuals respond very differently to the same dose of a given medication. In fact the dose of a medication that is safe for one individual may be toxic for another and this applies very much to fluoride;
Fluoridation does not involve a medical expert's ongoing monitoring, unlike other medications. There is also no program or system in Australia or other fluoridating countries to track the level of fluoride building up in people's tissues or bones, or to monitor for side effects. Despite the overwhelming evidence of harm and despite fluoridation being forced on the nation, Australia's NHMRC admits it has never funded a single study into the potential adverse health effects of fluoridation chemicals on human health;
Fluoridation effectively robs people of their choice. It is unacceptable that many individuals who, having informed authorities they do not consent, are still subjected to the medical treatment of fluoridation regardless;
Fluoridation has never been proven safe. A Randomised Controlled Trial for water fluoridation has never been conducted and fluoride has never been approved by the US FDA or tested by Australia's TGA. In fact the TGA has excluded fluoridation chemicals as a therapeutic good, despite this highly-controversial substance being added to our drinking water for therapeutic purposes. Many studies, including the prestigious US National Research Council's comprehensive 2006 review "Fluoride in Drinking Water" clearly show that long-term, low-level consumption of fluoridation chemicals damages various aspects of human physiology;
Fluoridation is arrogant and disrespectful. Fluoridation promoters argue that "fluoridation ensures that fluoride gets to those that need it most". This is wrong on two counts: firstly no one "needs" to ingest fluoride, and secondly, the people they claim "need it most" are actually the people who are most likely to suffer from its toxic effects.
Q. Dr Matthews, will you show respect to the Australian public by having due regard for medical ethics and informed consent? Will you cease and desist from making unethical misrepresentations about water fluoridation, which thereby actively prevent the public from making informed health decisions?
Science or protecting policy, image and reputations: are NHMRC's fluoride reviews ethical?
Although you haven't recently referred to NHMRC's review and endorsement of fluoridation, we feel it's appropriate to briefly cover this issue as many health professionals, politicians and indeed members of the public, are not aware of this outstandingly poor review process and understandably rely on our peak medical research body. First, we strongly encourage you to read our detailed articles, Can the NHMRC be trusted? and The bioaccumulation of fluoride – a response to the NHMRC. As we state in the first article:
"…with a little examination it is clear that NHMRC's past reviews of the safety, effectiveness and ethics of water fluoridation are at best unprofessional and at worst unscientific, biased, highly selective, restrictive of relevant and meaningful public input and deeply flawed in its methodology. In fact NHMRC's agenda and approach to fluoridation is so biased and so misleading, it is verging on fraud."
These articles are reinforced by the following:
Despite a substantial and growing body of scientific evidence over more than 50 years clearly showing fluoridation chemicals cause various physiological damage, especially the mounting neuro-developmental science over the last 20 years, NHMRC had not conducted or funded one single long-term toxicology study;
Despite all the neuro-toxicity evidence at hand, especially given the risk to the developing fetus, instead of considering a warning for pregnant mothers, NHMRC has arbitrarily DOUBLED the upper fluoride limits for infants and children. These limits are completely lacking in any biological justification and are now well above other fluoridating countries;
Based on an extremely biased review process, NHMRC provides guidelines and recommendations but does not provide any guarantee of safety, which is especially concerning and negligent because fluoridation is forced on us for a lifetime;
NHMRC has an obvious conflict of interest. As the "primary agency of the Australian Government responsible for medical and public health research", our national health body must maintain its credibility and standing and therefore must continue to support a policy it has been endorsing and recommending for nearly 70 years. To suddenly reverse this policy would threaten or undermine the trust and reliance in this organisation and indeed the individuals within NHMRC who are responsible for this review process.
It is obvious that many fluoride-endorsing health professionals, such as yourself, have never investigated the science of fluoridation objectively or properly and continue to perpetuate this myth, largely based on NHMRC's fluoridation review process and recommendations.
Unfortunately, it seems that water fluoridation is much more about protecting a politically popular policy; the appearance of consistent health information; the image of and trust in our national medical research body; and individual reputations, than it is about the science of chemistry and biology.
For these reasons we feel compelled to call for an independent review of water fluoridation and its dental and general health effects, so we can all benefit from accurate information and correct errors occurring in the past.
Q. Dr Matthews, will you and other health professionals continue to rely on NHMRC's appallingly biased fluoride review methodology, or act with appropriate duty of care to help restore the objectivity of, and community confidence in, NHMRC's position on fluoridation?
Dr Matthews, if you and your colleagues really care about the health of Australians you would recommend action to resolve this controversy once and for all by supporting a truly independent review of both the dental and general health effects of lifelong forced water fluoridation
Fluoride Free Australia Inc.
Reference notes:
Zipporah Iheozor?Ejiofor et al; "Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries"; Cochrane Collaboration/Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 18 June 2015.
J Spencer "Caries experience among children in fluoridated Townsville and unfluoridated Brisbane"Aust N Z J Public Health; 1996;20;623-9). Slade GD, Spencer AJ, Davies MJ, Stewart JF.
New Zealand Ministry of Health. "Our Oral Health"; Key findings of the 2009 New Zealand Oral Health Survey; Published December 2010.
AIHW, March 2018 Oral Health Tracker;
AIHW November 2018 Report;
US National Research Council, "Fluoride in Drinking Water", 2006.
Choi AL (a), Sun G, Zhang Y, Grandjean P. "Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Oct;120(10):1362-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1104912. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Ashley J Malin & Christine Till; "Exposure to fluoridated water and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States: an ecological association." Environmental Health volume 14, Article number: 17 (2015).
NHMRC; "Draft Information Paper: Effects of water fluoridation on dental and other health outcomes"; Sep 2016.
RD Masters and MJ Coplan; "Water treatment with silicofluorides and lead toxicity"; International Journal of Environmental Studies; 56, no.4 (1999).
RD Masters and MJ Coplan; "Association of silicofluoride treated water with elevated blood levels"; Neurotoxicology 21, no.6 (2000);
MJ Coplan, SC Patch, RD Masters, MS Bachman, "Confirmation of and explanations for elevated blood lead and other disorders in children exposed to water disinfection and fluoridation chemicals"; Neurotoxicology, Sep 2007 (5):1032-42.#
Fluoride Free Australia is a not-for-profit, educational and advocacy organisation focusing on the issues of fluoride toxicity and resulting adverse health effects, the lack of efficacy in reducing tooth decay and the clear and substantial breach of medical ethics relating to mandatory water fluoridation.
Like many scientists and health experts worldwide and many non-fluoridating western countries, we believe that dental decay should be tackled responsibly through education and a healthy lifestyle, not through the medication of public drinking water supplies with a toxic industrial waste product.
Join us and help make Australia FLUORIDE FREE!
*Letter online at https://fluoridefreeaustralia.org/open-letter-ada-nsw/


text:
require 'forwardable'

module Smartsheet
  # Top-level Smartsheet Error
  class Error < StandardError; end

  # Errors for invalid requests, timeouts, etc.
  class RequestError < Error
    attr_reader :wrapped_exception

    def initialize(ex)
      super(ex.message)
      @wrapped_exception = ex
    end
  end

  # Errors for generic HTTP error codes
  # @!attribute [r] status_code
  #   @return [Fixnum] HTTP status code
  # @!attribute [r] reason_phrase
  #   @return [String] HTTP reason phrase
  # @!attribute [r] headers
  #   @return [Hash] HTTP response headers
  class HttpResponseError < Error
    attr_reader :status_code, :reason_phrase, :headers

    def initialize(status_code:, reason_phrase:, headers:, message:)
      super(message)

      @status_code = status_code
      @reason_phrase = reason_phrase
      @headers = headers
    end
  end

  # Errors for Smartsheet API error objects
  # @see https://smartsheet-platform.github.io/api-docs/?ruby#error-object API Error Object Docs
  #
  # @!attribute [r] error_code
  #   @return [Fixnum] Smartsheet error code
  #   @see https://smartsheet-platform.github.io/api-docs/?ruby#complete-error-code-list API Error
  #     Code Docs
  # @!attribute [r] message
  #   @return [String] Smartsheet error message
  #   @see https://smartsheet-platform.github.io/api-docs/?ruby#complete-error-code-list API Error
  #     Code Docs
  # @!attribute [r] ref_id
  #   @return [String] Smartsheet error reference ID
  # @!attribute [r] detail
  #   @return [Hash, Array, nil] optional details for some error scenarios
  class ApiError < HttpResponseError
    extend Forwardable

    def initialize(error_response)
      super(
          status_code: error_response.status_code,
          reason_phrase: error_response.reason_phrase,
          headers: error_response.headers,
          message: error_response.message
      )
      @error_response = error_response
    end

    def_delegators :error_response, :error_code, :message, :ref_id, :detail

    private

    attr_reader :error_response
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The second annual FIT+ Festival: A Street Project of Sport & Health at Harbor East.
On Saturday, June 21 channel your inner awesome as Harbor East hosts FIT+! Enjoy complimentary fitness classes right on Aliceanna Street from City Sports, lululemon athletica, The MAC and Under Armour Brand House. Each session will showcase a unique fitness offering, perfectly timed so that guests may sample multiple classes and discover their favorite way to sweat! This is not your average health expo – guests will enjoy music, healthy food & drink offerings from Harbor East restaurants, giveaways and more!
Featuring Live Music & DJ J.Gray. Classes will be hosted on Aliceanna Street between S. Exeter Street & S. President Street Circle.
9:30AM-10AM City Sports' Run Club. Kick off the morning with a 3-Mile run along the waterfront.
Get the kids in on the action! FIT+ will feature a designated Kids' Zone with an Imagination Playground, face painting, fitness-focused activities, games, crafts, snacks and more!
Enjoy food & drinks from Harbor East restaurants: Whole Foods Market, Talara & Lebanese Taverna. Check out healthy food demos & sampling.
RSVP for FREE Parking & a FIT+ Water Bottle (for adults) and a FIT+ Snack Pack (for kids)!


I have been so busy. I have moved to ottawa with my boy friend for work at an animation studio and I can't stop baking its so much fun. These pics are of lemon meringue pie and a lemon square. I'll be posting more from now on but for now here are some pics of my baking. Also don't forget to take a look at my shoppe I always have new items and I would love to know what you think. Enjoy!


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D.I.Y. Gardens
Do It Yourself Home Gardening
Discover everything about the agate potato
By Admin on Tuesday, July 14, 2020
The world of potatoes has many and different specimens, each of which demonstrates its special characteristics, by which they are usually used for this or that thing within the culinary world.
Today we will talk about the agate potato, which is widely used because, according to specialists, it is one of the types of potato indicated for making all kinds of stews, steaming, or simply for baking. This makes it very popular and makes it one of the most popular.
Characteristics of the agate potato
One of the first characteristics that makes this type of potato very useful is that it is usually one of early harvesting and in the world of commerce this is highly valued, as it will have a uniform appearance due to this.
It is a tuber that in its larger specimens will present an oblong shape , while when smaller types are found, they will look more rounded. In all cases, its fine skin shows characteristics of softness, which when extracted shows the completely yellowish and uniform tone of the potato.
When a cross section is used on an agate potato, it will be well hydrated, with a particular amount of water. This also makes them contain a large amount of starch, something that makes it very special for the preparation of certain dishes, including stuffed potatoes and gnocchi, among many other culinary delights from different parts of the world.
The agate potato is increasingly used throughout the world, but it is in certain areas of Europe, preferably in Spain and France , where it is cultivated most frequently and is constantly used within different types of traditional dishes from those areas.
The sowing of these crops is usually carried out on two particular dates of the year, which are the last days of August and the beginning of April. On these two dates, the agate potato will be in its perfect shape , having also been cultivated at the right time for its correct development.
The best development of this type of potato will be provided at a specific temperature of between 12 and 13 degrees Celsius, this means that the range between 10 and 20 ° C is conducive to this type of potato developing fully. .
In the event that the temperature in the growing habitat is at or below 0 ° C, the tuber plant will die. In the event of exceeding the maximum recommended temperature for its development, it will surely continue to live, but slightly more comprehensive precautions will have to be taken .
Connoisseurs and producers of the agate potato know that the best month of the year to start the crops is during October, so that it has the tubers developed for the month of April . This has to do with the fact that the last months of the year are those with the highest rainfall rates, which means that not much irrigation will be required for its correct development.
The agate potato comes precisely from France and is usually used in the world of European gastronomy, among which the Spanish one, is usually one of the most dishes used with this variety.
This is usually known as a potato for infinite uses, but taking into account that in its composition it has large amounts of water and starch , it is often said that it is a special potato for cooking and making steam preparations. That is why it is considered a perfect garnish for different types of meat, poultry and fish.
This feature is what makes it not the most suitable for frying, since the water in the hot oil will generate bubbles and the potato will darken. The agate potato is one of the most widely used and cultivated varieties in Europe, and you can enjoy them to a large extent in your meals and recipes.
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text:
Riedenheim est une commune de Bavière (Allemagne), située dans l'arrondissement de Wurtzbourg, dans le district de Basse-Franconie.

Personnalités liées à la ville
 Franz Schmitt (1865-1941), homme politique né à Riedenheim.

Arrondissement de Wurtzbourg
Commune en Bavière


In this métissage of storied fragments, I explore spectres that are deeply entwined in geographies of self, rooted in understandings of naturalizing cultural practices in relation to familial relationships, arts research with photography, and initial explorations of identity formation as a first generation Canadian. Deeply entwined in my story fragments are dimensions of disjuncture, absence and unbelonging, as I continue in movement, in a hyphenated state, pursuing the stories I ultimately cannot obtain. This reflective essay is an exemplar of my practice seeking heightened awareness of relational events that have informed my situatedness. These fragments are intentionally open to interpretations, to relational connections, to questions for which there are not necessarily answers.
Copyright for articles published in this journal is retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to TCI. By virtue of their appearance in this open access journal, articles are free to be used, with proper attribution, in educational and other non-commercial settings.


text:
US beach volleyball players won't ditch bikinis
By Marc Berman
1 Social media star found dead after grisly photo posted on Instagram	2 Meet 'Ice Bae': Latina Border Patrol officer taking social media by storm	3 Feds warn viral event attendees: Don't try to storm Area 51	4 Kylie Jenner's $1,690 string bikini is older than she is	5 Court papers reveal how much Jeffrey Epstein is actually worth
July 26, 2012 | 4:00am
FLAUNT IT: Misty May-Treanor models the US volleyball bikini, which the American squad is happy with, even though shorts are now allowed. Getty Images
LONDON — They're going to be the cheekiest gals in London this summer.
Olympian Misty May-Treanor and her fellow competitors on the US women's beach volleyball team vowed yesterday to keep wearing their sexy bikinis at the upcoming Games — despite a new rule that lets female players compete in dowdy shorts and T-shirts.
"We're not uncomfortable in our bikinis," said team member Jen Kessy.
"Growing up in southern California, that's what you wear from when you're a little kid to now in the summertime."
Treanor said she loves to compete in her skimpy, bottom-baring bikini because "what you see is what you get — there's no airbrushing."
"I grew up on the beach, grew up in a bikini," said May-Treanor, who has won two gold medals with her partner, Kerri Walsh.
Olympic officials changed the dress code for the racy sport — in which teams of two compete against each other — to soothe the concerns of nations where religion dictates that women wear more than skimpy swimsuits.
Now competitors can wear what they want — although it could wind up making the Olympics' sexiest sport look more like a weekend rec league.
US team members, though, said there is nothing that would make them spike their tight bikinis.
"This is the most comfortable thing for us to wear," Kessy said. "We can style our bikinis however we want. They can be bigger or smaller.
"If it is cold, we will put clothes on. But we won't be playing in shorts. For us, that's not comfortable. You get sand everywhere in the pockets. But for others, it's now their choice.''
Sometimes, even the Americans wear more clothes when the weather gets chilly.
But that is not likely at the London Games, as the thermometer hit 86 yesterday and was expected to be hot throughout the Olympics, which start Friday night.
The US team expects it to be hot even during night matches.
"If the weather stays like this, we'll be in our bikinis all night," said Kessy's partner, April Ross.
Although the Americans will keep playing with their sexy bikinis, Kessy said she and her teammates won't be holding any competitors' fashion choices against them.
"We want women of all different religions to be able to play our sport," Kessy said, "And to not be able to play because of the gear is not OK."
Funerals begin for Colo. theater shooting victims
Latina Border Patrol officer dubbed 'Ice Bae' is a Democrat
'Extreme danger' R. Kelly ordered to be held without bond 'Extreme danger' R. Kelly ordered to be held without bond
Gwyneth Paltrow hangs with Princess of Norway in the Hamptons Gwyneth Paltrow hangs with Princess of Norway in the Hamptons
Jordyn Woods is 'a grown woman,' doesn't care that she's not on Kylie's trip Jordyn Woods is 'a grown woman,' doesn't care that she's not on Kylie's trip


text:
HomeAdvanced Search3134 SE LAKE RD
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3134 Se Lake Rd
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Location! 3bed/2bath condo in the heart of Milwaukie. Downtown & Max are 1/2 mile away. Updated kitchen. Private balcony. Wood burning fireplace. Deeded parking. Plenty of things to do in the area. Public transit & the orange line can take you to downtown Portland within minutes. The area features shopping, restaurants, pubs, and boutique stores. Farmer's market is a must see! Call before it's too late.
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Known as the "Dogwood City" of the West and the birthplace of the Bing Cherry; Milwaukie was settled and claimed by Pioneer Lot Whitcomb in 1847 and was formally incorporated in 1903 by an Act of the Oregon State Legislature. Its location along the Willamette River attracted entrepreneurs who established lumber mills at the turn of the century. The old wood trimmed buildings from the city's early days still stand, preserving the city's historic essence.
Between 1950 and 2010, the population of Milwaukie grew from 5,000 to over 20,000. Homes are reminiscent of the area's history and future development. Comprised of single-family homes, you'll find several classic styles including Old Portland, quaint cottage, Cape Cod and ranch. Expertly restored farmhouses, stately mansions, English Tudors and Queen Anne's provide modern amenities with vintage grandeur. Residents seeking lower maintenance properties can choose from a selection of contemporary condos and row homes.
The revival of downtown Milwaukie includes new apartments, retail space, and a riverfront park. Residents can take advantage locally owned boutiques, restaurants, and coffee shops. People from all around the area visit the popular Farmer's Market in Downtown Milwaukie every Sunday starting in May through October. Come and enjoy the live music, assortment of food options, and merchandise from more than 75 vendors. Music lovers can rejoice during the summer months when both Ardenwald Park and Scott Park host outdoor concerts for the public.
Milwaukie's location provides residents access to a wide variety of outdoor recreation. Popular Elk Rock Island has designated habitats to protect and nurture several species of plants, mammals, reptiles and birds, and is located in the middle of the Willamette River. Accessible during the summer and autumn seasons, locals come to the area to relax and picnic among the ancient forest and explore the park's miles of winding trails. Other local outdoor activities include public parks, kayaking, fishing and biking.
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3601 SE GROGAN AVE
Hasson
The content relating to real estate for sale on this web site comes in part from the IDX program of the RMLS™ of Portland, Oregon. Real estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Hasson Company, Realtors® are marked with the IDX logo, and detailed information about these properties includes the names of the listing brokers. Listing content is copyright © 2015 RMLS™, Portland, Oregon.This property was last updated: June 11, 2019 4:37 PM
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