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NEWS LETTER NO.1 – Catch up from 2015
We would like to start our first newsletter by wishing everyone a Happy New Year.
We opened our premises to the public after a slight delay with a few "teething" problems. It's been a roller-coaster ride, overcoming new challenges along the way.
Our open evening was a great success and the practice was officially opened by former Bolton Wanderers footballer, Tony Kelly, who is now an ambassador for the club.
Janet and Theresa attended the BDA conference, which was a chance to keep updated with all the latest developments in the world of dentistry.
Theresa and Katie promoted National Smile Month in our local supermarket Morrisons, giving free advice and samples. Watch this space-there might be another one coming up soon…
Thank you to all who supported our Macmillan coffee morning. It was great to see so many of our patients there. An enjoyable day was had by all and a grand total of £198.10 was raised.
The team was joined by Malcolm Sweetlove of Sweetlove first aid training to keep our C.P.R training updated.
Thanks again for your continuing support. Please look out for our special promotions on Facebook, Twitter and our website.
Janet, Jonathan, Katie and Theresa
The Denuvo Dental team.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In April of 1945 the Russian Army began its occupation of Vienna and Berlin, and one year later East Germany was divided from West Germany. In May of 1945 the Russians took Prague and in November Yugoslavia announced it was part of the Socialist Republic. In September Japan surrendered, but North Korea announced its violent brand of socialism.
In spite of these discouraging events, on December 31, 1946 President Harry S. Truman announced World War II was officially over, making a distinction between hostilities of the past and conflict looming for the future. The next day Emperor Hirohito of Japan announced he was not God after all and twenty-one days later the President of the United States, responding to the darkening world, announced the organization of the CIA.
Bill and Velma Stacey had been witness to all of it. On December 17, before World War II was officially declared over, Bill had his twenty-seventh birthday and Velma was two months away from her twenty-fourth birthday. The world was still a frightening place. Having grown up in a small town, they partook of a small town camaraderie no longer easily found. Life had been good and the temptation to try to perpetuate it was strong. Many of their friends chose to stay in Rich County and shut out the rest of the world. Bill and Velma thought a lot about that. They knew Woodruff would be a good place to raise a family. Bill could get a farm and do what he had always done and they were certain they would succeed.
Yet they had seen enough by then to know the alternatives, and Bill had a strong desire to go to college. The U.S. Government had announced the G. I. Bill June 22, 1944. All who had served in World War II could have help paying for a college education. To young people in a small town for whom college had been an unreachable goal, the world suddenly opened wide. Bill and Velma talked about the possibilities and about their fear of failure in a college environment after having been isolated in a small town. Few of their friends and family members were ready to leave the farms and their families and break away. The decision was difficult, and the hours spent huddled over the table in the rented Orange House in Woodruff reflected their deep concern.
The site of the Orange House, on 100 East just norht of Center Street in Woodruff. The house is gone, but the list survived.
Bill had unending faith God would carry them through whatever they needed to do. Velma knew she could accomplish almost anything with hard work. She too knew God would bless their righteous efforts, but she also knew God expects our best efforts. She sat down one day and asked, "Do we want to live normally or do we want to be very conservative and get through school? There won't be enough money to do both." It was obvious there would have to be some plans made. "Since you are 27 years old and we already have one child, we both know we have no time to waste," she said.
After considerable thinking, they had a plan. They would make whatever sacrifices were necessary to get Bill into School. They made a list and saved it for half a century.
The basic premise: Without the help of the Lord, we have no chance, and He can only help us if we are completely honest with Him in our tithing.
We must make it entirely on our own; there was no one we could call on for help.
Velma will not leave the children to go to work.
We will make a policy of paying our tithing when we get our money so we will never get behind.
We will limit entertainment and fun things that cost money to that which is absolutely necessary to keep our personal relationships solid.
Work as many hours as necessary to support the family.
Get six hours of sleep each night, where possible.
Spend a reasonable minimum amount of time with Velma and the children.
Keep the Sabbath Day holy no matter what. Sunday will be for The Lord and the family. No work. No books.
Instead of working, Velma will make a super effort to conserve our income.
Making 'scratch' meals, and buying as little prepared foods as possible because they cost at least twice as much.
Cold cereal or eggs for breakfast only occasionally. Normal breakfast is hot cooked cereal or cold (oat type) cereal or scratch hotcakes.
Dishes comprised mostly of potatoes, beans, rice, vegetables, with very little meat.
Making clothes for herself and the kids where possible.
Limit the use of the car whenever possible.
Distant pleasure trips, taboo until school finished.
The interesting thing about their rules is that most of them carried over into their lives later. Those very rules–paying an honest tithing and strict observance of the Sabbath Day, home-cooked family meals together and time spent with the family, conservative spending habits and the family pattern of hard work–all these stayed with the family throughout their lives.


text:
UbuntuBackports
Ubuntu Backports Process
Requesting a Backport
Validity of the Backport
Package Availability
Source Packages Only
Ensuring a Safe Upgrade Path
Building a Backport
Testing a Backport
Functionality of the Backported Package
Continued Functionality of Reverse-Dependencies
Approving a Backport
This page documents the development process for the Ubuntu Backports Project, as well as some of the justification for the project's policies. If you're not familiar with what backports are, or are trying to figure out how to install a package backported through the Backports Project, then our user documentation might be a good place to start.
Backports must be approved by the Ubuntu Backporters team, but anybody can request a backport. As backports require testing before they can be approved, the backports team recommends that requesters of backports also test them when possible.
Backports are requested by filing a bug against the appropriate backports project, as listed here. The Ubuntu Backporters team recommends using the requestbackport tool in the ubuntu-dev-tools package to file backport requests. This tool is aware of many conventions for backports and can walk you through most of the verification steps.
During the initial evaluation, the backports team will evaluate the request against the following criteria:
The Backports Project is a means to provide new features to users. Because of the inherent stability risks in backporting packages, users do not get backported packages without some explicit action on their part. This generally makes backports an inappropriate avenue for fixing bugs. If a package in an Ubuntu release has a bug, it should be fixed either through the Security Update or the Stable Release Update process, as appropriate.
This is the only requirement that requestbackport doesn't help to check.
The Backports Project only backports packages from within the Ubuntu repositories. If a package is not yet available in the Ubuntu archive (perhaps because it is a new package, or because it has not yet been updated to the requested version), it is not a candidate for backporting.
When filing a backports request, please include in the Ubuntu release the backported package should be taken from, as well as the full Ubuntu version number of the package.
Because of the way that Ubuntu works, it is only possible to backport entire source packages, not individual binary packages. This means that, for instance, it would not be possible to backport only the openssh-server binary package; all packages built from the openssh source package must be backported. This can increase the amount of testing required for the subsequent steps.
When a user upgrades from one Ubuntu release to the next, the version of any given package installed on his or her machine should be available in the Ubuntu release that user is running, assuming the package came from Ubuntu initially. In order to make this possible for backports which span multiple releases (e.g. a backport from Ubuntu 11.10 to Ubuntu 10.10), we may need to backport the package to the intervening releases (e.g. an additional backport to Ubuntu 11.04). These intervening backports will also require the same verification and testing.
When a package is backported, it is rebuilt against the toolchain of the older release. Ideally the package should build without modification, though this is not always possible, and when it is not, some packaging knowledge may be required to adjust the packaging appropriately.
The backportpackage tool in ubuntu-dev-tools can simulate backports that do not require source modification, and test building them either using a PPA or a local builder (such as pbuilder or sbuild). The Ubuntu Backporters team prefers to see test backports done with backportpackage when source changes are not required.
In cases where a package does not build without source modifications, the required modifications should be attached to the backport request, in the form of a debdiff or a bzr branch. In order to keep the backported package close to the package being backported from, such changes should be as minimal as possible.
Once the package has been successfully built against the older release, it must be tested. The backports team generally relies on members of the community (and generally the requester of the backport) to do this testing.
After all required testing for a backport request has been completed but before a member of the backports team has approved the request, the status of the request should be set to Confirmed.
Each package being backported must install cleanly and without errors. The software in each package must also run. This may require some creative experimentation for packages such as libraries or modules which don't ship any programs on their own.
In addition to the backported package itself working, any other software that depends on the backported package must continue to run with the backported package installed, and any package that has a build-dependency on the backported package must build with the new package installed.
Before a backport can be approved, the request must contain the information outlined above. That is;
Either a statement that the package builds unmodified on the older release or a statement that it does not together with a minimal diff which causes it to build.
That the package installs correctly.
That the software in the package runs.
That any reverse-dependencies continue to function correctly after the new package is installed.
requestbackport ensures that your report contains all of the information needed for your backport request to be approved. It cannot, however, do all of the testing itself.
Backports must be approved by a member of the backports team. To approve a backport, the approving backporter uploads the package directly and sets the status of the bug to Fix Committed, adding a comment when they do so. The uploaded backport will then require manual acceptance by a member of the Ubuntu Archive Administrators team, so there may be a short delay at this point. If the backport does require source changes and the backports team has approved it, it will ordinarily be uploaded directly by the approving backporter, but can be uploaded via the same process as a normal Ubuntu archive upload, including going through the sponsorship process if necessary.
CategoryProcess
UbuntuBackports (last edited 2012-05-23 20:40:58 by laney)


This project goes into the category "kids can do" because it's so easy, quick, and the result is a very satisfying (and cheap) toy.
The models for these pictures are my boys, age 7 and 10, who are not famous for their patience. Despite the numerous steps, it took them about 5 minutes to complete the project; it takes me about 45 seconds.
You will also need to download the PDF template and print it with a color printer. The image is the size of a 4 by 6 postcard, but you can scale it to any size you would like.
You can download a (free) PDF from my website. Please note that most of my PDF files are protected so that they cannot be copied or modified, so if you try opening them with image editing software, such as Illustrator, a password will be requested. Use Preview, or Adobe Acrobat or other PDF viewing software instead, and you will be able to open and print the file without entering a password.
Note: the photographs in this instructable show a pre-printed postcard I made, not the PDF file printed on a sheet of paper -- however the instructions are the same.
The most important step in making a successful pop-up card is to score the fold line before you attempt to fold the paper. Scoring crushes the paper without cutting it, enabling you to control precisely the fold location and giving you a nice, crisp result.
A ball point pen is the perfect tool for this job -- when pressed down firmly it will dent the paper without damaging it -- but its drawback is that it will (usually) do what it's supposed to do. Draw a line. Since you don't want to mark your picture, you will need to score the card on the back side of your paper.
Always use a ruler when you score, so your line will be perfectly straight.
If you prefer to see the picture as you score, you can try using a knitting needle, a stylus pen, or even a bone scoring tool they sell in art supply stores. You want something sharp enough to draw a line, but not too sharp or it might damage the paper. I use a ball point pen which I spent hours emptying of its ink. I only recommend this option if you are planning to make many, many pop-ups. Washing the ink away was messy, long, and extremely tedious.
After you have printed your template, mark the division between the wall and the floor by pricking your paper with the pin where I drew red dots on this picture. You can then flip your paper over and draw a line between the two pin holes using your ball point pen and ruler. Draw the line all the way to the edge of your sheet of paper.
Fold your sheet of paper along the score line with the image facing out.
Use your scissors to cut the sides of the chair seat (NOT the back) and the table top. A total of four quick snips.
Unfold your sheet of paper and use your ball point pen and ruler to draw a total of four lines, parallel to the center fold, connecting the top and bottom of the cuts you just made.
Fold your card again, with the image facing out, but this time push the table forward so that it is tucked inside, invisible when the card is folded flat.
Cut both sides of the doll house, being careful to cut through only the top two layers of paper.
Unfold the card and score the top and bottom of the dollhouse, by connecting the new cuts in parallel with the center fold.
With the image facing towards you, start folding the card shut while pushing the chair seat forward by poking it from behind with your finger. Fold the card shut all the way (with the image on the inside) and smooth the creases.
Push the table forward the same way you just did with the chair.
Be careful with this step -- since the doll house is close to the edge of the table, unless you are careful you might rip the paper if you fold this one too quickly.
Pinch the edge of the table as you slowly push the doll house forward. As you continue to fold, make sure the edge doesn't rip by pressing down with your fingers on both sides of the card.
Once the card is folded properly and the edges have been creased it is no longer at risk of ripping (under normal, fairly gentle play conditions).
Step 12: Congratulations, You're Done!
I did enjoy it. What type of paper is this printed on?
pdf file ask me password. may i know please?
(from my FAQ page) Try using a different program to open the template. Most of my PDF files are protected so that they cannot be copied or modified, so if you try opening them with image editing software, such as Illustrator, a password will be requested. Use Preview, or Adobe Acrobat or other PDF viewing software instead, and you will be able to open and print the file without entering a password.
Chairs are hard but this (a room in our house) was a REALLY fun project.
Nice! A lot of work though, isn't it?
Yes, not for the faint of heart! But now I know how to 'think' about pop up cards' rise,run, layers and cutlines... I think the more I do, I can get less sloppy and make them faster. Also I used a digital cutter to help. Thank you for spelling out a new skill for me It turned out surprisingly better than I thought.
True -- but if you go to my website, www.makepopupcards.com you can download this one (and other of my pop-up designs) for free.
This would be great to do for xmas cards, but take a picture of your decorated house, and use that instead of the postcard.
That's a cute little house, and thanks for posting the link (I always like to see what other people are making). I wouldn't got as far as saying it's almost identical though -- both the esthetics (drawings vs. photos) and the concept (pop-up which opens and closes vs. paper craft which is built and then cannot be folded flat) are not at all alike. This isn't a criticism... your house is different, but different is good too. SInce you like this kind of craft you might enjoy seeing pictures of the full pop-up house I designed. Thanks again for commenting!
That's a really cool video! Though I was thinking more about making Belsey's pop up office out of wood so that it could be used as furniture Maybe when I've got some spare time, money and space I'll give it a shot.
Spare time, money and space.... just what I want too!
Thanks for posting that link! Very cool project... although sadly I doubt that it's strong enough to actually use, unlike non pop-up cardboard furniture designs. Still, very enjoyable video.
Dont give me ideas!!! hmm if one could make everything with a strong durable cardboard, maybe hinges where they are needed....oh crap, i might make one now!!!


text:
Dr Mire's new book is out: Divine Fertility: the Continuity in Transformation of an Ideology of Sacred Kinship in North-East Africa
Sada's new book Divine Fertility has been published by Routledge on the 25th of March, 2020. Buy it here"This is a confident, masterly piece of work by somebody uniquely qualified to carry out the relevant research... this is a remarkable and vivid book, which...
Dr Sada Mire wins the 2019 International Somali Awards's Outstanding Educational Achievement award in London
In the evening of the 3rd of April, Dr Sada Mire was handed the 2019 International Somali Awards' Outstanding Educational Achievement Award by H.E. Mr Mohamed Affey, UNHCR Special Envoy for Refugees. "Dr Sada Mire is a Swedish-Somali archaeologist, art historian and...
Black history has much to reveal about our ancestors – and ourselves
In pursuit of a peaceful society, it is important that we record all perspectives of our complex human story.Black History Month, which runs through October, is trying to address a problem. That problem is, how to move the study of black history away from...
Sada Mire included in the New Scientist list of Inspiring Women in Science
Ada Lovelace and other inspiring women in science... As a child she was forced to flee Somalia. Now Sada Mire is back, uncovering ancient rock art and ruined towns. She told Curtis Abraham what it's like to be the only working archaeologist in the region,...
Sada Mire selected for The Hay Festival List of Thinkers
Sada Mire selected for the international Hay Festival list of 30 thinkers and philosophers The Hay Festival brings readers and writers together to share stories and ideas in sustainable events around the world. The festivals inspire, examine and entertain,...
Home, Research
Events, Home, Media, Print & Online
Home, Media, Print & Online, Writing
Home, Media, Print & Online
Home, Media
"The Role of Cultural Heritage in the Basic Needs of East African Pastoralists" translated into Japanese and features in this new volume
Mire's article: "The Role of Cultural Heritage in the Basic Needs of East African Pastoralists" translated into Japanese and features in this new volume: In reflection upon the worthy work of Professor Shinya Konaka and his col- leagues, this contribution...
Soon my first blog will appear here. Hope to see you back soon. Back to blogs
The Powerful Past: history, culture and diplomacy (a concluding keynote at UCL date: 25/05/2018)
Events, Home
Sada will deliver the concluding keynote on "The Powerful Past: history, culture and diplomacy" At the conference UCL and the British Museum in Africa and the Middle East: Current Projects, Future Agendas And for more details here Back to Events
"Somali heritage and Archaeology: how to use the knowledge of the past in every career"
Sada speaks at Hargeisa University Back to Events
Dr Sada Mire – Somali Heritage & Archaeology: How to Use the Knowledge of the Past in Every Career
Blog, Events, Home, Media, Print & Online
Dr. Sada Mire who is an Archaeologist from the faculty of Archaeology in Leiden University held a thought provoking lecture at the University Of Hargeisa entitled "Somali Heritage & Archaeology How To Use The Knowledge Of The Past In Every Career"...
Sada Mire's Pub-talk: 'Knowledge of the Past as a Basic Human Need'
This month we have archaeologist Dr Sada Mire from the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts. Can cultural heritage (including archaeological heritage) be a basic human need? In the developing world as well as the developed world cultural heritage seems to be a...
UNESCO-Debate 2016: World Heritage – Target or Treasure?
"... a special occasion on the afternoon of 29 September 2016, when the philosopher Stephan Sanders and the archaeologist Sada Mire shared their vision of the painful topicality of Lucebert's 'everything valuable is defenceless' with us – the deliberate...
Somali Heritage and Education: Celebrating 10 years of Indigenous Archaeology in Somaliland
Since 2007, Sada Mire worked for education and tourism development in Somali heritage. Her efforts in research, publication anddissemination of Somali archaeology and heritage was honoured in Somaliland in August 2017. Mire had the opportunity to celebrate...
Preserving Knowledge as a Basic Human Need: on the History of European Archaeological Practices and the Future of Somali Archaeology. An Interview with Sada Mire
By Sjoerd van der Linde and Monique van den Dries This interview with Sada Mire starts with the history and legacy of European archaeological practices in Somalia, arguing how it has contributed to a situation in which archaeology is viewed by many Somalis...
Mandela om Afrika's Renässans
Mandela om Afrika's Renässans Nelson Mandela (2008). Photo: Creative Commons Mire S. (1998), Mandela om Afrikas Renässans, Africa Forum 5: 7-8.Back to Media


avid, sometimes I hate you. space calculation is horrible.
FOR THE 50TH TIME AVID, PLEASE PUT THE QUALIFIED BUILD VERSION FOR WINDOWS ON THE README. I HAVE BROUGHT THIS UP MANY TIMES IN THE PAST (NEVER IN CAPS THOUGH).


This is your guide to memory care in Log Lane Village, CO. Memory care communities offer housing and care for older adults with Alzheimer's disease and other kinds of dementia. Memory care enables seniors with memory impairment to stay as active and engaged as they possibly can, while living in a dignified, comfortable and secure setting. Our local Senior Living Advisors understand memory care in Log Lane Village, CO and nearby cities. After an initial consultation, your advisor will send you a list of memory care facilities that fit your loved one's essential priorities for care and living preferences, as well as your family's budget.
The Town of Log Lane Village is a Statutory Town in Morgan County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 873 at the 2010 United States Census.Log Lane Village was named from the presence of log houses in the village.
Regular occupational therapy by a visiting therapist helps you stay active and engaged, speech therapy is available on-site by a visiting speech therapist, Garden Square of Greeley Memory Care is trained to handle behavioral issues that some residents might have, this community has been built specifically for memory and dementia care, and this property is its own free standing building.
The minimum allowable age of residents is 55, physical therapy can be done on-site by a visiting physical therapist, caregiver employees can deal with any wandering issues memory care residents may have, the property has a nurse that is able to administer injectable medicine, and respite care is offered.


ICICI Bank has launched "Money Coach", a software robotics algorithm-led investment advisory application on mobile. It will facilitate a paperless KYC and online registration process for mutual funds in a single click, which is a first among banks.
Fintech players have changed the way financial services are offered and now pose a serious challenge to banks. Banks are facing the heat even in their traditionally strong areas like loans and investment advisory services. This has worked well for customers as banks leave no stone unturned to bring innovations on their platform.
Sensing potential in the Mutual Fund Robot Investment Advisory domain, ICICI Bank has launched "Money Coach", a software robotics algorithm-led investment advisory application on mobile. The app will provide seamless service through a bank account right from enrolment into a mutual fund and then to actual investment and liquidation. It will facilitate a paperless KYC and online registration process for mutual funds in a single click, which is a first among banks.
"We are proud to share that our journey of pioneering digital channels has completed the milestone of 20 years, a first in the industry. To celebrate this milestone, we are unveiling an array of futuristic features on our digital channels, including voice-based services, biometric recognition-led login, single click registration of KYC for mutual fund investments, and intelligent algorithms to display portfolio status and spend patterns," said B. Madhivanan, Group Executive and Chief Technology & Digital Officer, ICICI Bank. "I believe that the future of internet banking lies in digital loans and quick investments. For mobile banking, I foresee that in the near future, growth will be led by voice-based services & technology, AI (artificial intelligence)-led personalised suggestions and services for every customer and 'satchet' like financial products with small ticket digital loans and insurance."
Remarkable reduction in cost of data on mobile phones has led to rapid increase in use of mobile applications. The adoption rate of mobile-based app has created a new opportunity for financial institutions to tap this growing segment. While launching the new app, Madhivanan highlighted that almost 80 per cent transactions in the bank are taking place through digital channel and this app is a logical next step to provide a convenient investment platform to its customers.
Many automated mutual fund advisory platforms, including PayTM and ET Money, have made headway of late. This is the first time a bank has come with such a service. In case of ICICI Bank, though the service is offered free of cost and enables goal-based investment advisory it will work as a regular scheme of mutual funds which has inbuilt distributor commission.
Should you invest through this app?
If you are a savvy investor and are confident about selecting a suitable fund yourself, then you may look at direct plans through other apps where you can save the distribution commission and enhance your return. However, if you are new to mutual fund investment, it would be better to have some handholding. For new investors, this new app from the bank may be a good tool to learn and observe both your bulk investment and Systematic Investment Plans. This is the reason why the primary targets of this app are people, who are new to investment into equity and debt through mutual funds. It will manage the entire investment journey of a customer from building an investible corpus to investing in recommended portfolios and tracking it 24x7. For savvy investors, who need much sophisticated advices, the bank will maintain the traditional mode of individual advisor led investment advisory services.


If you enjoy my blog then I'm sure you will enjoy the blogs of some friends of mine! This week I'm introducing you to my fellow blogger friend Thida of TeeKay! If you love the affordable down to earth styles of my blog... you will definitely enjoy Teekay!
Hi my name is Thida and I am a shoe addict. I started my blog as a way to share my personal style along with my passion for design and fashion. I am a college student on a budget so in my blog I aim for affordable and trendy fashion because you can still look stunning and fabulous without breaking your wallet. One of the greatest things I love about blogging is meeting people from all over the world who enjoys the same passion. My blog has lead me to unexpected places and it serves as a little escape from my busy life. Follow my journey as I unlock doors in my fashion world while inspiring and motivating others to follow their dreams.
1.I am a senior at UC Irvine, California.
2.I am a Finance and admin assistant for a Pediatric Business office and the president/event planner for Fashion Interest Group.
3.In my free time, which is very rare, I like to catch up on my magazines, my Carrie's Dairy, plan photoshoots and outfit ideas, and SHOP!
4.I love being productive, constantly staying busy between work, school, taking care of my brothers, leading my fashion club and managing my blog help me move forward and feel accomplished.
5.I simply enjoy everything in life and love to open my own boutique where I can customized unique clothes for my clients and make them feel beautiful.
Check out my posts where I "Seize the Day" and share my "Love for Leopard" with my friend!
You are so welcome :) My pleasure!


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A Brexit Deal Has Arrived. Now the Chaos Begins.
There has been "breathtaking ignorance" from "those who believe themselves to be unionists" who oppose the Northern Ireland backstop in the Brexit deal, Sir John Major has said. The former prime minister made the remark as Tuesday's vote in the Commons was called off.
Why is Northern Ireland important in all of this? Both the EU and UK have committed to ensuring the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland remains as frictionless after Brexit as it is now. The government's deal contains the Northern Ireland protocol: the insurance policy to avoid the return of a hard border if a solution cannot be reached through a wider trade deal.
A summit of EU leaders is still due to take place on Thursday, but the EU Council President Donald Tusk has said Brussels will not renegotiate the deal, including the backstop. Mrs May has refused to say when the Commons vote on her deal would now be held - saying it would depend how long fresh talks with the EU last. Some MPs called for it to come back to the Commons before Christmas, but Mrs May would only say the final deadline for the vote was 21 January.


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AbbVie enters M&A derby with Shire bid
Jonathan Gardner
Takeout rumours swirling around Shire have flushed out a named bidder. AbbVie today disclosed that the UK group has rejected an indicative £27bn ($46bn) cash-and-shares offer that would have given it a prized overseas tax domicile.
That an explicit proposal has been made is less surprising than the source of it: AbbVie, itself thought to be on the block since being spun off last year from Abbott Laboratories (AbbVie plays the game of wait and see, January 11, 2013). Analysts said they expect AbbVie to raise its bid, but believe it cannot go much higher.
Putting money to use
AbbVie's third offer of £46.26 a share comprised 44% cash and 56% shares, a 23% premium to Shire's unaffected share price of £37.38 yesterday. That represents an outlay of £20bn for the Illinois-based company. Shire's London-listed shares rose 20% to £44.70 in mid-afternoon trading following the announcement. AbbVie's were largely unchanged, standing at $54.21 in mid-morning trading.
Like all other US corporations, AbbVie cannot repatriate profits from overseas without being subject to taxes, and thus needs to put that cash to good use outside America. Humira, the biggest selling drug in the world, made only half its $12bn in sales in the US, and the premiere of AbbVie's four-drug hepatitis C combination is expected to open another multibillion-dollar floodgate later this year.
AbbVie also carries about $14.4bn in debt to $7.7bn in 2013 earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation, making it already highly leveraged. Thus any higher bid may be built around earnouts for pipeline projects such as lifitegrast, for which Shire has announced its intent to file for FDA approval.
Bernstein analyst Ronny Gal wrote this morning that he expects that a deal could be completed with a £50-a-share offer – which could be aided should AbbVie shares rise – but cautioned that even at £46.26 the deal looks expensive. His calculations suggest that such a deal could be dilutive in 2017 and 2018.
On the other hand, UBS analyst Guillaume van Renterghem calculated that the deal would be 4-5% accretive in 2016-2017, and "potentially higher if AbbVie earnings decline" as Humira potentially comes under threat from biosimilars in 2016 and its other blockbusters, testosterone treatment AndroGel and HIV pill Kaletra, face competition.
Mr Gal said he would have expected to see Shire negotiating with AbbVie.
"This sounds like a fair offer and we are surprised that Shire do not seem interested in engaging with AbbVie," Mr Gal wrote. "We believe that if Shire want more than £46 per share (ADR $230) it may be difficult for anyone to pay that."
Under UK takeover rules, AbbVie now has until July 18 to make a firm offer or withdraw from the bidding.
M&A defence and offence
Shire has been the subject of takeout rumours for some time, and talk has escalated in recent weeks as AstraZeneca and Allergan have sought to repel hostile endeavours. Both have been fingered as potential suitors for Shire.
Mr Gal suggested that the deal might be more accretive at the £50-a-share threshold for Allerga than Abbvie, although he said the Botox maker might have difficulty competing in a bidding war.
The issue of tax domicile is not mentioned in AbbVie's notice this morning, leaving it to Ireland-domiciled Shire to state that the proposed offer would result in a new company subject to UK tax law. AbbVie likely has learned from Pfizer's abortive Astra takeout, in which talk of tax benefits only inflamed opposition (Vantage point – Pfizer bid ignites tax debate but fixes are distant, May 8, 2014).
With a published 2013 tax rate of 22.6%, AbbVie would do well to seek a lower rate by securing the overseas domicile. It is already below the UK's statutory 25% rate; Shire achieved a 16% rate.
AbbVie has been the first big pharma name to confirm an interest in this battle, confirming that Shire is indeed in play among the largest companies. Mr van Renterghem said the list of US companies small enough to benefit from the tax domicile but large enough to buy Shire is short, consisting of Biogen Idec, Eli Lilly, Celgene and Abbott Laboratories as well as Abbvie and Allergan.
In rejecting AbbVie's entreaties, Shire may be counting on those companies to join the fray.
To contact the writer of this story email Jonathan Gardner in London at jonathang@epvantage.com or follow @JonEPVantage on Twitter
Allergan (pre Actavis)
EVALUATE VANTAGE 2022 プレビュー 分析ハイライト(日本語版)
Shabbvie is dead; long live Shire
AbbVie-Shire pact wobbles as inversion backlash spreads
AbbVie inversion story nears finale as Shire board backs bid
How low can you go? US pharma already shoulders light tax burden
Trump win brings uncertainty to pharma


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Posted on January 1, 2020 January 2, 2020 by Dr Nauman Shad
"That is because they say, "Trade is [just] like interest." But Allah has permitted trade and has forbidden interest. So whoever has received an admonition from his Lord and desists may have what is past, and his affair rests with Allah. But whoever returns to [dealing in interest or usury] – those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide eternally therein."
(Holy Quran 2: 275)
Explain Islamic Banking with its objectives
Describes Various Modes of Islamic Banking
Explain whether these objectives are being fulfilled or not
Describe Various Eminent Scholars Opinions on Islamic Banking
Differences between Conventional & Islamic Banking
Definition of Islamic Banking
Islamic banking has been defined by OIC:
"An Islamic bank is a financial institution whose status, rules and procedures expressly state commitment to the principle of Islamic Shariah and to the banning of the receipt and payment of interest on any of its operations."
Islamic banking has been defined by State Bank of Pakistan as
"Banking in consonance with the ethos and value system of Islam and governed, in addition to the conventional good governance and risk management rules, by the principles laid down by Islamic Shariah.
Islamic banking, the more general term is expected not only to avoid interest-based transactions, prohibited in the Islamic Shariah, but also to avoid unethical practices and participate actively in achieving the goals and objectives of an Islamic economy"
Islamic banking, also known as non-interest banking, is a banking system that is based on the principles of Islamic or Sharia law and guided by Islamic economics.
Two fundamental principles of Islamic banking are the sharing of profit and loss, and the prohibition of the collection and payment of interest by lenders and investors.
That is why Islamic banks are often known as PLS-banks.
Objectives of Islamic Banking
The aim was to provide banking opportunities that are compliant with Islamic Shariah (law).
The major objective was to provide Halal banking safe from Riba (interest).
Investment in business that deals with goods and services considered 'haram' is prohibited. Example: pork, alcohol, gambling, pornography etc.
Gambling or speculation has to be minimized.
Modes of Islamic Banking
A brief description is given below. Details can be obtained online from other websites. They claim to operate with objectives mentioned above.
Murabaha:
Most common mode of transaction in Islamic Banks.
Let's say, Ahmad wants to buy a car worth Rs.2, 000,000. He does not have the money to buy it. He approaches a bank. The bank buys the car at Rs.2, 000,000 and sells it to Ahmad at Rs.2, 200,000. Ahmad will pay Rs.2, 200,000 to the bank in fixed installments.
Ijara (Giving something on Rent):
Under Ijara, the bank leases out assets like house, motor vehicle etc. for a fixed period of time and payment. Leasing is basically a contract between two parties: the owner of the asset (lessor) and the user of the asset (lessee). The user of the asset pays money to the owner of the asset. An example of leasing is a rental agreement, in which the tenant pays rent to the owner of the house.
Ahmad wants to buy a house but he doesn't have the money to buy it. The bank buys the house and rents it out to Ahmad. Ahmad pays rent to the bank until full payment has been given.
In this case, just like in Murabaha, the final full payment is more than the original value of the commodity.
Islamic Investments: Mudarabah, Musharakah, Equity Bonds and Sukuk Bonds
Mudarabah:
In this, depositors provide funds to the banks. The bank invests the money into a business. The profit earned from the business is shared between the depositor and the bank in a pre-determined profit sharing ratio.
Musharakah:
This is similar to Mudarabah. Musharaka is an agreement between two or more partners to combine their assets, services, obligations or liabilities for the purpose of making profit.
Musharakah and Mudarabah are frequently used in the purchase of property and real estate, in providing credit, for investment projects, and to finance large purchases.
Equity Bonds
In an equity fund the amounts are invested in the shares of joint stock companies. The profits are mainly achieved through the capital gains by purchasing the shares and selling them when their prices are increased. Profits are also achieved by the dividends distributed by the relevant companies.
Equity participation means if a bank loans money to a business, the business will pay back the loan without interest, but instead gives the bank a share in its profits.
Istisna and Musawama
These are financing arrangements where customer seeks finance for manufacturing/ trading of goods and sets a future delivery date with transfer of ownership of goods to bank.
Bank then appoints the customer as its agent to sell the goods on behalf of bank (since ownership lies with Bank). Out of the proceeds bank keeps the investment (principle) plus profit at agreed rate.
Sukuk Bonds
A sukuk is an Islamic financial certificate, similar to a bond in Western finance. These are claimed to be alternate to conventional treasury bills/bonds.
So there is Sukuk Murabaha, Sukuk mudarabah, Sukuk musharakah which provide the relevant certificates.
Takaful is a type of Islamic insurance, where members contribute money into a pooling system in order to guarantee each other against loss or damage.
Are these Objectives Being Fulfilled? (How Islamic is Islamic Banking?)
Questions have arisen about Islamic Banking:
Has interest been completely eliminated?
Has just the method changed of the end product: an increase in money over time?
Has interest (Riba) in reality just changed into profit?
Is it only a change in name?
Is there an actual difference between Islamic banking and conventional banking?
Scholars' Opinions
Many learned scholars who are in favor of Islamic banking have also shown their concerns over what was prescribed by them and what is in actual in practise Islamic banks are following.
Mufti Taqi Usmani has been called "the granddaddy of modern-day Islamic finance
In March 2009, Sheikh Muhammad Taqi Usmani of the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Finance Institutions (AAOIFI), a Bahrain-based regulatory institution that sets standards for the global Islamic Banking industry, declared that 85% of Sukuk, or Islamic bonds, were "un-Islamic".
https://www.arabianbusiness.com/most-sukuk-not-islamic-body-claims-197156.html
Because Sukuk underpin the modern-day Islamic financial system, one of its pre-eminent proponents arguing that the epicenter of the system was flawed sent shockwaves through the industry.
As al-Wahidi makes clear in Asbab al-Nuzul (1075 CE), riba, which literally means 'increase' in arabic, is the penalty assessed for the non-payment of a loan by a distressed borrower in his analysis of 2:275-6:
Aṭāʾ al-Khurāsānī (752 CE) and Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahl (636 CE) also said: "This verse was revealed about al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib and 'Uthman ibn 'Affan who had lent someone dates. When it was time for the collection of the dates, the owner of the dates said to them: 'If you take all of what is due to you what remains will not be enough for me and my dependents. Why do you not take half of what is due to you and I will double the interest that was initially agreed?' They both agreed. When the term was due, they both asked the man to pay what was agreed. This reached the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and he warned them against going ahead with it.
As the context makes clear, riba was the penalty assesed for non-payment by a distressed borrower that the Prophet PBUH objected to, and not the initial interest rate charged for a loan. Similar definitions have also been give by:
Imam Shafi'i (820 CE)
Ahmed ibn Hanbal (855 CE)
Tabari (923 CE)
Ibn al-Arabi (1148 CE)
According to another veteran of Islamic economics, Muhammad Akram Khan, criticizes Islamic banking as professing to have "put its business on a basis other than interest" but in practice devising "a whole host of ruses and subterfuges to conceal interest."
He said Islamic banking has evolved toward convergence with conventional banking "imitating conventional banks in product development" rather than establishing "a different type of banking which was aligned to fairness, equitable income distribution, and ethical modes of investment."
Rice University's Islamic Finance Chair Mahmoud Amin El-Gamal's book Islamic Finance Law, Economics, and Practice for an extremely harsh critique of the entire industry by a reputable academic Muslim source:
https://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/economics/finance/islamic-finance-law-economics-and-practice?format=PB&isbn=9780521741262
Mahmoud Amin El-Gamal, a professor of economics at Rice University (United States), has described modern Islamic finance as "Shari'a arbitrage" — i.e. what is prohibited in conventional finance becomes permissible when deemed "Shari'a compliant" despite having similar, if not the same, economic substance.
In an article in late 2007, Mr. Salman Ahmed Sheikh claimed that there is basically no difference in the Islamic and conventional modes of financing. In his opinion, the only differences are procedural, which are minor and do not change the nature of the transactions.
Sheikh Dr. Israr Ahmad Marhoom had this to say on Ijarah, Murabaha, Mudaraba when personnel of Meezan Bank came to him: that they are clear forms of interest by applying simple logic:
Sheikh Dr. Zakir Naik says he doesn't know of any Islamic bank that is 100 % Islamic:
Sheikh Assim Al Hakeem on tricks Islamic Banks play:
Sheikh Imran Hussein, the famous Islamic Scholar with a Masters degree in economics, calls Islamic banking 'back-door Riba':
Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza also states that there is no difference between conventional banking and Islamic Banking:
All Similar Recognizable Products with 'Islam' Added
The products that modern-day Islamic bankers have created are very similar to conventional products.
So similar, in fact, that to an outside observer they could be considered the same.
Islamic banks now offer Islamic mortgages, Islamic car loans, Islamic credit cards, Islamic time deposit and guaranteed return accounts, Islamic insurance and some even offer Islamic managed and hedge funds.
This point is conceded by Samir Alamad, Sharia, or Islamic law, compliance and product development manager of the Islamic Bank of Britain.
"The industry does not want to alienate its products," he says.
"They have to be recognizable, produce the same outcome as conventional products, but remain within the guidelines of Sharia."
Play Between Profit & Interest?
The core of Islamic economics is a prohibition of interest (riba).
This immediately creates a problem for Islamic banks, as conventional banks charge borrowers an interest rate through which they can reward their depositors and make some profit for being the broker.
With interest ruled out it is harder to make money.
The modern Islamic banker has found a way around this prohibition, however. Through intellectual manipulation, they have converted the interest into profit.
However, in many cases this "profit rate" is competitive with the conventional banking system's interest rate for savers.
Interest in Islam is involved in any loan of money that includes a contractual requirement for more than the principal to be returned to the lender.
The related verse in the Quran, a Muslim's primary source of jurisprudence, is the following:
"O you who believe! Observe your duty to Allah and give up what remains [due to you] from interest, if you are [in truth] believers. And if you do not, then be warned of war from Allah and His Messenger. And if you repent then you have your principal [without interest]. Wrong not nor be wronged." (2: 278-279)
Although there are evolving markets in Islamic finance and new and innovative instruments being developed, they are often amount to ways of circumventing the intent of Islamic laws, while possibly adhering to the letter. Often the contracts amount to a traditional "western" contract, with a non-legally binding Islamic "contract" stuck on the front.
This has led many scholars to question the legitimacy of modern Islamic financial instruments.
Profit rate is based on benchmark similar to conventional banks. If we use interest rates / profit rates as a benchmark. Statistically they have been seen to be extremely similar. Example:
Murabaha is basically a loan which involves an asset. Conventional banks "buy" from the car dealer then sell it to customers at 7% interest. Islamic banks buy from the car dealer and sell it to customer at 7% profit. Is it just me or are these very similar contracts except one gains "interest" and the other "profit".
It makes us feel that we were working under the same capitalist system by giving it a different name for our own satisfaction i.e. Islamic.
Examples are given in case of Murabaha and Ijarah dealings and the essence of the meaning of Riba and its types, with more arguments against Islamic banking:
Riba, Car Leasing, Insurance & the Stock Exchange
The Logical Benchmark
A logical benchmark is the duck test. If it looks like a duck, walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it is a duck. Similarly in Islamic finance transaction, if it looks like interest, works like interest, and profits like interest, then it is interest. If the transaction is a debt based transaction, then it is riba. No matter how many commodities we trade to show it as a trading transaction.
To the casual observer, a spade is a spade.
Whether the product is dressed up in Arabic terminology, such as Mudarabah, Murabaha or Ijarah, if it looks and feels like a mortgage, it is a mortgage and to say anything else is semantics.
But banking is banking. It is the taking of a deposit and then using it to finance a purchase or business.
Many argue that Islamic banking is a modern day scam taking advantage of an invented ambiguity around the arabic term riba.
The lender pays the depositor compensation for the opportunity cost of his money, and the person borrowing the money "rents" it off the bank.
The same symbiotic relationship occurs whether it is conventional banking, ethical banking, Islamic banking or Presbyterian banking.
Monetary Benefits of Islamic Banking
Every bank wants people to own more cars and more material goods. Its activities are shrouded in the technical language of finance — derivative products, equity swaps, adjustable mortgages, etc. No one, including top financial experts, can figure out how much usury occurs in such a complex system where everything is interconnected. Sharia-compliant banking has added to the confusion with its particular terminologies. But profit is the real god.
If the owners and managers of 'Islamic' banks were genuinely moral people and concerned about sin, wouldn't they pay themselves less? The lowest paid bank employee in a Pakistani bank — whether a Sharia-compliant one or otherwise — makes between 100-1,000 times less than his CEO, for whom a seven-digit monthly salary is perfectly normal." (Facts coming from a liberal secular writer – Mr. Pervez Hoodbhoy)
They do not like to call it interest, but "profit-share percentage". But the financial transaction is structured in such a way that it "behaves like interest." What I mean by this is that the profit is front-loaded on a capital amount, much like interest is. Islamic Banks still makes money on credit risk, but they call it otherwise
Monetary benefits of conventional and Islamic banking are similar. The amortization table for both traditional Western banking and Islamic banking is virtually identical and I would not be able to tell the difference between the two. The only tangible difference that I could discern is that for Islamic banking the profit is fixed for a fixed period and thereafter negotiable (but not really negotiable because it's at the discretion of the bank). Islamic banking allows you to negotiate the profit at yearly intervals and to buy extra shares in the item.
The profit percentage and interest rate is almost identical and both are based on the reserve bank rate. Such that if the home loan interest rate is 12%, the profit-sharing percentage is similarly around 12%.
'Scholars' Selling their Iman
This new generation of Islamic bankers had cut their teeth in the City and Wall Street, and were used to creating sophisticated financial products. They often bumped heads with the Sharia scholars who authorized their products as Sharia compliant.
However, these bankers had a way of dealing with this, as one investment banker based in Dubai, working for a major Western financial organisation explains:
"We create the same type of products that we do for the conventional markets. We then phone up a Sharia scholar for a Fatwa [seal of approval, confirming the product is Shariah compliant".
"If he doesn't give it to us, we phone up another scholar, offer him a sum of money for his services and ask him for a Fatwa. We do this until we get Sharia compliance. Then we are free to distribute the product as Islamic."
This "Fatwa shopping", which was carried out by some institutions, brings us back to the Sharia scholars. Getting a favorable ruling from a leading Sharia scholar is important for a product manager.
That is why the top scholars can earn so much money – often six-figure sums for each ruling.
Initially it was stated that global system is interest based system and we can't just remove it and establish an Islamic system overnight. It was said we need a midway approach. A Murabaha structure was such mid-way structure wherein by carrying out certain steps, a debt transaction would be Islamized. Probably the Islamic scholars thought they were innovating but they were following in the footsteps of the Christian clergy who gave their blessing Contractum Trinius allowing Christian merchants/bankers to bypass Christian rulings against Usury.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contractum_trinius
What is even worse that instead of being considered the mid-way, faulty, stopgap arrangement, Murabaha is now considered a standard uncontroversial instrument of Islamic finance beyond reproach. A more disservice to Islamic finance hasn't been done.
The most creative scholars are the ones in the most demand, says Tarek El Diwany, analyst at London-based Islamic financial consultancy Zest Advisory.
"To date, most Islamic financiers have been looking at examples of financing in Islamic history and figuring out how to apply them to today's financial products.
If, it turns out the investment product was un-Islamic, the Scholar would take the eternal blame and the bank has nothing to worry about. Islamic Banks essentially work with these decrees that absolve themselves of any wrong-doing from a Shariah point of view. The blame wholly and squarely lies on the Islamic Scholar.
This means if a financial product is offered that is non-Islamic/Riba (Interest) based, then the "sin" and responsibility of that flaw lies with the Islamic Scholar who issued the decree and not with the Investor or the Bank.
Similarly, we have sharia arbitrage wherein a product or service may not be sharia compliant, but enough lawyers and sharia scholars bang their heads together on it for a while (and the incentive of hefty of course) they will make it a sharia compliant product.
Other genuine reasons why some scholars might have unintentionally inadvertently got it wrong:
Mixed Conventional & Islamic Banks
In theory a islamic finance subsidiary has its policy directed by his mother company (the conventional bank), and they impact the accounts of each other. An Islamic subsidiary is an Islamic window within a conventional bank.
So funds can flow between a conventional and Islamic finance subsidiary.
An Islamic window means that the Islamic business is operating within and still belong to the conventional bank.
And banks, whether conventional or Islamic are controlled by you-know-who-controlled central/state banks (given ahead).
Another Problem: Fiat or Paper/Digital Money
Islamic banks are Islamic investment corporations that utilize Islamic transaction contracts. The settlement of such transactions, however, cannot be Islamic if the payment is done with common fiat cash because fiat is debt-based, and that debt is overloaded with interest rate being a primary variable in several of economic formulas such as money demand, forward exchange rates, and so on. So cash, as an instrument to settle a payment, spoils down the notion of Islamic finance altogether.
And banks, whether conventional or Islamic are controlled by you-know-who-controlled central/state banks.
This is discussed in detail in this article:
Why Paper Money is Essentially Haram (Forbidden)
Sheikh Imran Hussein asks that if these banks were really Islamic, they would have asked for reversion to Sunnah money (Gold Dinar, Silver Dirham and barter trade):
Malaysian President Mr. Mahathir Muhammad just did this in the Kuala Lumpur Summit and after:
People always try to compare an Islamic banking product with a conventional banking product, and it becomes critical when it has a fixed return embedded.
Conventional Banking Islamic Banking The Reality
Money is a commodity besides medium of exchange and store of value. Therefore, it can be sold at a price higher than its face value and it can also be rented out. Money is not a commodity though it is used as a medium of exchange and store of value. Therefore, it cannot be sold at a price higher than its face value or rented out. The items (car, house etc) are eventually sold at a higher price than the face value
Time value is the basis for charging interest on capital. Profit on trade of goods or charging on providing service is the basis for earning profit. Items are sold at a higher price over time Name has just been changed from INTEREST to PROFIT
By entering agreement with the customer, banks avoid all the risk and effort involved in buying the asset, transportation, finding a customer (i.e.: market risk, since customer has already agreed to buy the asset). In this way profit margin is not justifiable. Same. Banks bear no risk Same. Banks bear no risk. They only share the profits of a business venture
Interest is charged even in case the organization suffers losses by using banks funds. Therefore, it is not based on profit and loss sharing. Islamic banks operate on the basis of profit and loss sharing. In case, the businessman has suffered losses, the bank will share these losses based on the mode of finance used In reality, only the customer bears the losses. Banks bear no loss. Any claims are rarely factual
I say the difference is theoretical, because legally speaking an Islamic Finance Loan works exactly like a conventional loan, with the exact same paperwork, but charged at a higher interest rate.
Overall, our results suggest that conventional and Islamic banks are more alike than sometimes assumed and Islamic banks are not likely to be the solution to financial crises:
Overall, our results suggest that conventional and Islamic banks are more alike than sometimes assumed and Islamic banks are not likely to be the solution to financial crise
Avoid the Doubtful
If still in doubt, then Islam also says to abstain from things that are doubtful and keep to things that are clear;
Famous Hadith of the Holy Prophet (PBUH):
On the authority of Abu 'Abdullah al-Nu'man bin Bashir (RA) who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah(PBUH) say:
"The halal is clear and the haram is clear, and between them are matters unclear that are unknown to most people. Whoever is wary of these unclear matters has absolved his religion and honor. And whoever indulges in them has indulged in the haram (Sahih Bukhari and Muslim).
And as narrated by Hazrat Umar (RA) concerning doubt about RIBA:
Hazrat Umar bin Al Khattab (RA) said: The last verse to be revealed was on riba, but Allah's Prophet (PBUH) was taken away from us, without having expounded it to us; so give up not only riba (usury), but also reebah (whatever raises doubts in the mind about its rightfulness) (Ibn Majah, Darimi)
It is like a shepherd who herds his sheep too close to preserved sanctuary, and they will eventually graze in it. Every king has a sanctuary, and the sanctuary of Allah is what He has made haram. There lies within the body a piece of flesh. If it is sound, the whole body is sound; and if it is corrupted, the whole body is corrupted. Verily this piece is the heart."
No need to repeat the Quranic verses here but the essence of Quranic injunctions is that debt should be interest free or non-profit transaction. If you want to engage in profitable transactions, do trade which entails taking equity stake.
That was the argument at the prophet's PBUH time that both trade and lending for profit are the same i.e. if you treat money as commodity, there is no difference between trading and interest based lending in letter of the law. However, Quran forbade against lending and approved trading. I like to think of it as difference of spirit of the law and letter of law.
Real Islamic Banking
Islamic finance is not a radical concept. There is a paper by Irving Fisher called Chicago Plan which takes you in the direction of islamic finance. Islamic finance is already being recommended as zero fractional reserve banking in the West.
www.quora.com/What-is-Islamic-banking-about-What-are-the-ethical-legal-and-religious-nuances-attached-to-it
The best product that fulfills the criteria of Islamic finance and has been in existence for ages is operating lease. The bank owns the equipment (there is no lending of money at all, no rotation of commodities). The bank leases/rents the equipment for its use. At the end of lease term, the bank gets the equipment back.
This is close to what Dr. Israr Ahmad Marhoom has described here:
The bank takes the risk in any increase in demand for the equipment or excess depreciation in the value of the equipment. Whereas Islamic banks and central banks in Islamic countries may look down on such transactions, banks in the west have their operating lease arms as well as operating lease portfolios in their books. As such, it is not like Islamic banks are being asked to do reinvent the wheel.
Also read this final column:
If I was the Finance Minister
And Allah knows best!
Murabaha: Halal or Haram?
https://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/194/is-islamic-banking-really-islamic/
The Failure of Islamic Finance
https://islamqa.org/hanafi/qibla-hanafi/34403
http://blogs.worldbank.org/allaboutfinance/islamic-banking-can-it-save-us-from-crises
https://www.investment-and-finance.net/islamic-finance/tutorials/difference-between-mudaraba-and-musharaka.html
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p4une8jb/What-are-the-differences-between-Musharakah-and-Mudarabah-contract-and-the/
Posted in Islam, Politics & Political Islam, Islamic EconomicsTagged Differences between Conventional & Islamic Banking, How Islamic is Islamic Banking, Islamic Banking: Just a Play with words?, Tricks Islamic Banks Play, What Great Scholars say About Islamic Banking


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La féminologie est un néologisme utilisé en France par E. Char (1982) et Antoinette Fouque (2004) () pour décrire les études portant sur la condition féminine et la place des femmes dans les sociétés. Elle est parfois définie comme , par exemple par C. Bard en 2003, dans le cadre de ce qu'on appellera ensuite fréquemment , au sein des sciences humaines.

Histoire du concept
Des sociologues russes de la période gorbatchevienne tels que Zaharova, Posadskaja & Rimasevskaja de l'Institut d'études socioéconomiques de la population (Institut de l'Académie des sciences de Moscou) parlaient déjà en 1989 (dans un article d'une revue du PCUS) de . Cet article soutient une position originale pour cette époque en Russie, qui selon  et il a .

A Fouque a notamment promu en France ce concept en 2005, lors d'un séminaire qu'elle a initié, intitulé « Histoire du MLF et introduction aux Sciences des femmes ou Féminologie » à l'Université Paris VIII. Certains auteurs tels que le sociologue français Xavier Dunezat & la sociologue canadienne Elsa Galerand (de l'Université du Québec à Montréal et dek' Institut de recherches et d'études féministes (IREF) le jugent inscrit dans une .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Études de genre
 Histoire des femmes et du genre
 Féminisme
 Féminicide

Bibliographie
 BØRRESEN KE (2004) La féminologie d'Augustin et les droits humains des femmes. i: Melanges offert à TJ van Bavel, ed. B. Brunnings & J. Lam Cong Ouy,(= Augustiniana 54), Louvain, 325-341.
 Char E (1982) Un Cours de Féminologie/" A Course in Feminology". International Supplement to the Women's Studies Quarterly, 24-25.
 Fouque, Antoinette (1995) « Il y a deux sexes ». Essais de féminologie, Gallimard.
 Fouque, A. (2007) « Gravidanza : féminologie II ». Des femmes.
 Money J (1978) « Le transexualisme et les principes d'une féminologie ». Sullerot Evelyne, Le Fait Féminin, Paris, Fayard, 521, 223-231.

Études de genre
Néologisme

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6 music stars who know how to pinch a penny
Susan Burchill September 14, 2017
Don't all music stars spend lavishly and throw TVs out of hotel windows? Apparently not. Here are six high-profile high earners who've got frugal in their blood.
In 2010 when the The New York Times asked Eminem what he did with all his money, he said, "Save it… I invest. I always try to be smart. I try to treat all the money I'm making like it's the last time I'm going to make it." These days he's so famous for his frugality, some guy even made a parody video about it.
Mick Jagger says his very British 50s upbringing taught him not to be wasteful. "We don't like throwing computers away as soon as they don't work…" he told The Guardian. "We like cars to be repaired instead of junked. We're not brought up like Puff Daddy to be taking 30 free-loading friends to the south of France and spend hundreds of thousands of pounds on Cristal."
Lady Gaga also blames her upbringing for her thrifty habits. Various sources on the trashy interwebs trumpet her net worth at around US$275 million, but this 2012 Gaga tweet tells the inside story: "Why do people look at me like I'm crazy when I use coupons at grocery (stores) or try bargaining at retail, I'M FROM NEW YORK WHERE IS THE SALE RACK."
Foo Fighters frontman and former Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl says he's afraid to spend money. In an oft-quoted 2003 interview with USA Weekend he says, "Knowing I don't even have a high school diploma to fall back on, I'm going to be really careful with what I've got." He also told Red Bull that he drives a five-seater family car and doesn't think about investing. "I'm not a banker, I'm a musician," he says.
Justin Timberlake is openly frugal, telling The Guardian: "I'll probably shop [for clothes] for myself once a year, and that will last me for the rest of the year." Mind you, we'll never know how much he spends in that one shopping spree because he believes it's "uncouth to talk about money".
And Ed Sheeran, who earned £37M just in the 12 months to June 2017, is even less inclined to shop. In 2014 he revealed that he looks for bargains like cheap DVDs, and only allows himself £1,000 a month to spend, which he keeps in his old Barclays student account. "If I had all my money in one account I would spend all of it," he says.
Dave GrohlEd SheeranEminemJustin TimberlakeLady GagaMick Jaggermusic
Pick the next Afterpay – or rock your cash by investing in a music library
Jacqueline Fox August 3, 2021


text:
Q: Azure Functions giving exception while loading Dependency Dlls We have an Azure function which uses our custom dll (domain.dll), our dll internally has a dependency on LinqKit so we added the nuget package to our function but we get the below Exception --
Message: Could not load file or assembly 'LinqKit, Version=1.1.7.2, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=bc217f8844052a91' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified.,
We also tried directly adding the LinqKit.dll to the bin directory of the function and referencing it but still we get the same issue.
Please help

A: Had the same problem. Only solution I could find: create a new function, copy and paste all over to the new function. Works.
Sigh.

A: Linking to some good discussion here: https://github.com/Azure/azure-webjobs-sdk-script/issues/716
You must be using functions version 0.5 or greater for automatic package restore and list all packages in a package.json file.

A: The problem, based on your update to the Github issue linked in Matt's answer, seems to be with the file name being used.
Azure Functions will process a file named project.json, and your file is currently named Framework.json

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My football IQ/Understanding of the game, Leadership, and being a big play maker separates me from everyone else on the field. I play with a lot of emotion and physicality.
High football IQ, coachable , big hitter, physical football player.
My outlook on my high school Experience was not much different from playing in little league. Most of my high school games my freshman year were really tight games and I've been in many tight games through my lil league career. In high school the game is much faster and my opponents have more fundamental skills. My goals for my future career is to be one of the top 10 linebackers in the state.
Playing football at the next level is interesting to me because I just love th game of football. I want to be able to showcase my skills to the whole world and show everyone how much work i=Ive put in I would tell coach that Im a very respectable young man and Im very coachable.
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text:
Vitaliy Zheludok (; ; born 11 August 1986) is a Belarusian former professional footballer.

Career
On 20 February 2018, the BFF banned him from football for life for his involvement in the match-fixing.

References

External links

Profile at teams.by

1986 births
Living people
Belarusian footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Belarusian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Greece
FC Darida Minsk Raion players
FC Osipovichi players
FC Kommunalnik Slonim players
Platanias F.C. players
FC Minsk players
FC Rechitsa-2014 players
FC Lida players
FC Slutsk players
FC Oshmyany players


text:
Alumna Chases Her Dreams into Art World
Written by Afrika Brown
Photography and videography by Rebecca Devereaux
Alumna Brenna Two Bears explores how museums can improve presentation of indigenous culture and artifacts
Written by Afrika Brown •
Brenna Two Bears '17 was awakened to her life plan around age 10.
"The women in my family worked toward their higher education while raising children, and prioritized cultural revitalization along the way in order to help our communities," said Two Bears, who is a member of the Ho-Chunk Nation, with affiliations with the Navajo Nation and Standing Rock Sioux Nation. "I grew up with these role models and their influence led me to seek a career in museums, be it art or historical."
Two Bears' path has enabled her to travel from the West Coast to the East Coast and back again, all in pursuit of her goal.
Life After Whitman: Brenna Two Bears '17
Guideposts Along the Path
Two Bears grew up in Black River Falls, Wisconsin, and Flagstaff, Arizona. She graduated from Whitman with a bachelor's degree in art history and visual culture studies (AHVCS) in 2017. Two Bears credits her time at Whitman for giving her a greater sense of empathy, while also stimulating her consciousness.
"Though it was never easy going to college at Whitman, I know it wouldn't have been different anywhere else. At least there I was able to come to my own conclusions about the world and its injustices in an environment going through its own process to be more inclusive," Two Bears said.
Two Bears also praised professors within the AHVCS department for assisting her to develop her viewpoint as she prepared to enter the world.
"Without Dennis Crockett's Intro to Art History course, I would never have dreamed that my perspective could matter in the world of art history," Two Bears said. "Krista Gulbransen taught her course on museums and the politics of display, and focused heavily on the history of colonization in museums."
With Gulbransen's assistance, Two Bears created her independent study, which focused on the way indigenous people, culture and art are represented in museums.
"In her independent study, Brenna examined the history of indigenous representation — and misrepresentation — in the museum. The ways in which display philosophy intersects with politics was central to her research. Brenna also explored potential curatorial techniques to decolonize museum spaces," Gulbransen said. "As a culmination of this independent study, Brenna enacted these new curatorial strategies by designing and installing a display case in Maxey Hall using indigenous objects from the Maxey Museum collection. In a paper at the undergraduate conference, Brenna discussed the ways in which her installation was designed as a critique of traditional museum display and opened up new spaces for discussion of indigenous cultures."
After graduation, Two Bears received an internship at the School for Advanced Research (SAR) in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Founded in 1907, SAR promotes indigenous creativity through artist residencies and stewards one of the world's finest research collections of Southwest Native American art.
Because of SAR's small staff size, Two Bears was able to work in various departments. The experience provided her the opportunity to work with their collection of Navajo rugs, teach children at the Santa Fe Youth Detention Center and serve as a representative for SAR at Native art conferences. It also inspired her to apply for other internships, one of which was the Lifchez/Stronach Curatorial Internship at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, which she received in 2018.
"When I realized I got the position, I ran outside to feel the earth beneath my feet and to see the sky. I took a moment to acknowledge the people who this land belonged to before colonization, to thank them for taking care of the land for as long as they did, so that I could be there centuries later," Two Bears said. "I made sure to explicitly thank my ancestors as well, as I have been doing since I could understand gratitude. They, all of them, went through what they did so that I could be here and do what I can."
Reinterpreting History
Two Bears is passionate about Native collections. Part of her internship was to support the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, which returns culturally sensitive and funerary objects back to their tribes. The first day of her internship included the opportunity to sit in on meetings that would shape the history of how the museum told the story of her people, which for Two Bears was an eye-opening experience.
Brenna Two Bears '17 spent the summer as an intern at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
"Places that originally exotified and othered my people and our art were now welcoming our input seriously, for the first time," Two Bears said.
Two Bears also conducted specialized tours for the museum. As part of the tour, Two Bears was allotted four objects that best represented her chosen theme of environment.
"I chose pieces that would reflect the experience of a contemporary indigenous art historian and queer brown woman," Two Bears said. "I wanted to emphasize the different ways I connect to the environment and get the visitors to consider how that is represented in the art."
Following Your Heart
Two Bears' internship with the Met was scheduled to run through 2019, but she decided to end her internship early to pursue opportunities that aligned with her ultimate goals.
"I am currently in the process of working with Deana Dartt, who was the Anne Ray Scholar when I was the Anne Ray intern at SAR, and her business, Live Oak Museum Consulting," Two Bears said, "I know that she is hoping to get consultants based in their hometown where the tribes are and help out museums in that region. So, since I'm in the Southwest, I would be here working and consulting with museums in the Southwest."
In order to become a certified consultant, Two Bears will need to train with Dartt for one year. While she waits for her training to begin, she has returned to Arizona and is becoming certified as a substitute teacher.
"I'm actually very happy that this happened because when I thought about working in museums, I thought that I would have to kind of suffer through working a full-time job with a museum for a long time to build up my name so I could become a consultant, so I can help out different museums," Two Bears said. "You know the younger, angrier part of me is really excited at the opportunity to go to a museum and say, 'You're doing this wrong,' and have them actually listen. Instead of having to work in a place like that, I can be hired to help them change it."
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text:
May 26, 2018 / 3:00 AM
UPI Almanac for Saturday, May 26, 2018
On May 26, 1954, more than 100 crewmembers of the aircraft carrier USS Bennington died in an explosion off Rhode Island.
On May 26, 1954, more than 100 crewmembers of the aircraft carrier USS Bennington died in an explosion off Rhode Island. File Photo courtesy of the U.S. Navy
Today is Saturday, May 26, the 146th day of 2018 with 219 to follow.
The moon is waxing. Morning stars are Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, Neptune, Saturn and Uranus. Evening stars are Jupiter, Saturn and Venus.
Those born on this date are under the sign of Gemini. They include dancer Isadora Duncan in 1877; entertainer Al Jolson in 1886; actor John Wayne in 1907; actor Jay Silverheels in 1912; actor Peter Cushing in 1913; singer Peggy Lee in 1920; actor James Arness in 1923; jazz trumpeter Miles Davis in 1926; right-to-die advocate Jack Kevorkian in 1928; sportscaster Brent Musburger in 1939 (age 79); singer Stevie Nicks in 1948 (age 70); singer Hank Williams Jr. in 1949 (age 69); actor Pam Grier in 1949 (age 69); actor Philip Michael Thomas in 1949 (age 69); Sally Ride, first U.S. woman in space, in 1951; actor Genie Francis in 1962 (age 56); actor Bobcat Goldthwait in 1962 (age 56); musician Lenny Kravitz in 1964 (age 54); actor Helena Bonham Carter in 1966 (age 52); singer-songwriter Lauryn Hill in 1975 (age 43); actor Astrid Berges-Frisbey in 1986 (age 32).
On this date in history:
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In 1864, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, anxious to create new free territories during the Civil War, signed an act establishing the Montana Territory. Montana became a state 25 years later.
In 1868, at the end of a historic two-month trial, the U.S. Senate acquitted President Andrew Johnson of impeachment charges levied against him by the House of Representatives. Johnson won acquittal by one vote on each count.
In 1896, Nicholas II became the Russian czar.
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In 1897, Dracula was published by Irish writer Bram Stoker.
In 1927, the final Ford Model T was built. More than 15 million of the vehicles were produced.
In 1940, the evacuation of Dunkirk began. Sailing vessels of every kind were pressed into service to ferry British, French and Belgian soldiers trapped by advancing German forces in northern France across the English Channel.
In 1954, more than 100 crewmembers of the aircraft carrier USS Bennington died in an explosion off Rhode Island.
In 1972, at a Moscow summit, U.S. President Richard Nixon and Soviet Communist Party leader Leonid Brezhnev signed a pact limiting nuclear weapons.
In 1985, a cyclone struck the Bay of Bengal, killing 1,400 people in Bangladesh.
In 1991, a Lauda Air Boeing 767-300 exploded over Thailand after takeoff, killing all 223 people aboard.
In 1994, Michael Jackson and Lisa Marie Presley, the only child of Elvis Presley, were married in the Dominican Republic. They divorced two years later.
In 2003, a plane crash in Turkey killed all 74 people aboard, including 62 Spanish soldiers returning from peacekeeping duties in Afghanistan.
In 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Sonia Sotomayor, a federal appeals judge, to the U.S. Supreme Court to succeed retiring Justice David Souter. She became the first person of Hispanic ancestry on the high court.
In 2012, Dmitry Medvedev, prime minister and ex-president, was elected leader of the ruling United Russia Party.
In 2014, Hindu nationalist Narendra Modi was sworn in as prime minister of India.
A thought for the day: "If you smile when no one else is around, you really mean it." -- Andy Rooney
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Jack Kevorkian
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On Jan. 18, 1990, authorities arrested Washington, D.C., Mayor Marion Barry on narcotics charges.
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