Today, I'd like to cover Don Failla's 10 MLM Napkin Presentations. I had the pleasure of working with Don Failla for a couple of years in his MLM Company. I HIGHLY respect the guy. He is a legend in our industry and his book "The 45 Second Presentation" is one of the best-selling MLM Books of all time. If you haven't read that book, you should definitely check it out.
I'm going to cover each of his 10 MLM Napkin Presentations by summarizing the key points, and then I am going to throw in my own thoughts on each presentation. Enjoy the information.
You don't have to sponsor a lot of people to build a big network marketing business.
This industry is about a lot of people doing a little bit.
My Thoughts: In theory, this presentation sounds great; however, in my 16-years in this industry I have not seen it work out like this even once. Most top earners have sponsored 100 to 500 people personally, to find a few key leaders who go on and build a big business. While the goal is to get a lot of people to each do a little bit, the truth is, most people do absolutely NOTHING to build a business.
Salesmen think they have to recruit a bunch of people who will go out and sell for them.
In network marketing, we take a different approach. We sponsor people and help them succeed.
To be duplicated in network marketing you have to help a person go three levels deep.
Some people have recruited hundreds of people, but never duplicated themselves even one time.
Our job is to teach people to teach people to teach people.
My Thoughts: Skilled salespeople can do great in our industry. They just need to be taught the importance of duplication and following a system, since most of their team members will not have the skills that they do. Don's point about teaching people to teach people to teach people, in my opinion, is the most important takeaway from the book. Out of all the MLM Napkin Presentations, this one is worth studying.
My Thoughts: This is how network marketing works.
Your network marketing business is like a tall skyscraper; skyscrapers have solid foundations.
You have to build the foundation first, then the building.
It can take several years to build the foundation of a big building.
While you are building your foundation, the money comes in slowly.
Once the foundation for a big building is built, the rest of the building is built rather quickly.
Be patient, it might take 1-2 years to get a good start and get your foundation built in your MLM Business.
My Thoughts: Digging your foundation in network marketing is everything you do to find your five serious people. In most cases, you're going to need to sponsor at least 100 people to find those five serious people, and sometimes much more than that. Once you have your five, life becomes much easier.
There are three type of people who join your business: empty ships, gold ships and silver ships.
Empty Ships are people with no ambition who aren't coachable and won't do anything.
Gold Ships are people with the desire, they are coachable and they are hungry. They will follow your system. They do what you teach them. They are on every call. They are actively retailing and recruiting.
Silver Ships describe everyone when they first join the business. They have the potential to build the business, but who knows how things will turn out.
My Thoughts: Spend your time where it is deserved, rather than where it is needed. Work with the willing. This represents, at most, 5 or 10 percent of your team.
Ask your prospects if they know someone who might want to make some extra money or start a side hustle, rather than asking them directly.
Launch as many ships as you can by talking to as many people as you can.
My Thoughts: Realize this business is a numbers game. Use third-party tools and talk to as many prospects as you can, as quickly as you can.
Once you sponsor someone, your job is to help them sponsor someone quickly.
As your team grows you spend less and less time on personal sponsoring and more time working in depth.
If you just recruit, and don't build depth, you are simply playing the game of adding and subtracting.
My Thoughts: Work at the deepest level in your organization with the newest, most excited distributor.
Instead of opportunity meetings have sizzle sessions.
This is when a group of 2 or more people get together to share ideas and strategies.
The more people you have at the sizzle session, the more energy there is, just like the more logs you have in a fire, the hotter it gets.
My Thoughts: Get people together whenever you can. This creates excitement and synergy, which is contagious.
Building depth is the best way to motivate your team members.
Build your business from the bottom up.
Work with the newest, most excited distributors at the deepest level of your organization.
The deeper you work in your organization, the more people you help and motivate.
My Thoughts: I wish I would have learned this sooner in my career. Depth is where the big money and long-term money come from. If you don't have depth, you have an unstable business.
My Thoughts: While it takes a while to put into effect, once momentum kicks in, your business takes on a life of its own and grows rapidly.
Your job is to teach people to teach people to teach people.
You aren't duplicated until you are three levels deep.
You only need a few serious people to build a big team.
The first couple of years in the business are the hardest, while you are building your foundation.
My Take: If you want to build a large team of distributors and customers, your job is to get a lot of people to do a few key things consistently over a sustained period of time.
My Take: You have to invest time with each person you personally sponsor, to help them get started right, IF they are coachable. Most people, about 90% of the people you sponsor, will not be coachable or want your help, so focus on the 10 percent that do.
My Take: If you sponsor too many people at once, you won't be able to work with them properly. The average person can only handle about five direct reports. If you sponsor more than that at one time, they will end up quitting because you can't work with them adequately. Read more about why five is the magic number in MLM.
My Take: You haven't duplicated yourself in your network marketing business until you've helped your new person go three levels deep.
My Take: The most successful distributors are coaches and teachers. They are good at helping others and showing them how to succeed. If you are a sales person you might be able to sponsor a lot of folks, but most of those folks you sponsor won't be able to do what you did. So, be a good coach and teacher, not a salesperson.
My Take: When you sign someone up, you really only have one job: HELP THEM sponsor their first person. And then go work with their new person.
My Take: If you're only looking for superstars you are making a big mistake and leaving a lot of money on the table. Try to find people who simply want to make an extra $300 to $1000 per month. Do that and you will naturally find some superstars along the way. If you talk to 100 people you might find one superstar. If that's all you are looking for, that means you are ignoring 20-40 good prospects that would like to make an extra few hundred to few thousand dollars per month.
My Take: Fear of loss always trumps the hope of gaining something. Show people what they can lose and you will keep people around. Light a fire in the basement and everyone gets excited.
My Take: In any endeavor, you will fail more than you succeed. Temporary setbacks are normal. Nothing worth accomplishing is easy or fast. The only way to fail in network marketing is to quit. If you stick with it, and learn from your mistakes as you go, you will eventually succeed.
My Take: If people have the lottery mentality, avoid them like the plague and do not sponsor them into your business.
My Take: Five people can make you very wealthy in MLM. You might have to personally sponsor 100 to 200 people to find these five people, but once you find them you need to spend most of your time helping these folks achieve success.
My Take: The sooner you can start working in depth the better off you will be.
My Take: Light a fire in the basement and watch the heat rise.
# 14 "Some people in MLM get discouraged after only a few weeks. I don't think they have a right to be discouraged unless they have had at least six months of MLM School.
My Take: There is a learning curve in every business. It's going to take you six to twelve months to acquire the basic fundamental knowledge about network marketing. You go to school for 12-years and then college for another four years to gain knowledge, yet never question it. Why not give MLM a chance?
My Take: Joining a new company or pre-launch company is a big risk. The more successful distributors you have in your upline above you, the better. These folks can help you, motivate you and train you. If you are one of the founding distributors, you won't get much support, because you don't have anyone in your upline to help you.
Thanks for reading my summary of Don Failla's 10 MLM Napkin Presentations. I hope you found the information helpful. Which Napkin Presentation is your favorite and why? Leave a comment below to let me know what you think. I look forward to hearing from you.
These MLM Napkin Presentations are amazing. I love how Don keeps everything so simple. All you need to do is follow his advice, put in the work and make it big. I really like how he teaches about duplication, training your team, and working in depth. These are lessons I wish I would have learned earlier in my network marketing career.
You got that right, Brandy. Don Failla was my personal mentor for a couple of years. He is a legend in our industry. This book changed my life for the better.


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Claude Lecomte (), directeur de l'Opéra de Paris ;
 Claude Lecomte (1817-1871), général de l'armée française ;
 Claude Lecomte (1931-2008), directeur de la photographie français.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Without accepting the actual, literal existence of Amida Buddha there can be no true faith, no true salvation and no real birth in His Pure Land. If we have faith in someone, then it means we are sure beyond any doubt that he is reliable and that he will keep his promise. Also to believe in someone's promise means that we accept his existence, too. Promises can be made by living persons, in our case by a living, existing Amida Buddha, not by material objects or fictional characters. Thus, we must accept Amida as a living Buddha who can hear, see and save us by taking us to His Pure Land after death.
"Amida Buddha fulfilled the forty-eight vows and established the Pure Land. He always listens to a person who utters His name".
"Amida Buddha never fails to hear you, regardless of time and circumstances".
"To reveal the true teaching: It is the Larger Sutra of the Buddha of Immeasurable Life. The central purport of this sutra is that Amida, by establishing the incomparable Vows, has opened wide the Dharma storehouse, and full of compassion for small, foolish beings, selects and bestows the treasure of virtues. The sutra further reveals that Shakyamuni appeared in this world and expounded the teachings of the way to Enlightenment, seeking to save the multitudes of living beings by blessing them with this benefit that is true and real. Thus, to teach the Tathagata's Primal Vow is the true intent of this sutra; the Name of the Buddha is its essence".
The goal of Buddha Dharma is to become a Buddha. Not to paint this life in different colors, not to become a smart or interesting kind of Buddhist, but to become a Buddha. The Buddhist path is not a method of relaxation or a tablet for headache, something like "how can we become happier and calmer people" or a recipe for momentary happiness, but a road to Buddhahood or complete Freedom for us and all beings.
It is of utmost importance for those who enter the Buddhist path to have the aspiration to become a Buddha. Without this aspiration there is no Buddhism. If we don't want or don't feel the urgency of complete freedom from the many sufferings of repeated births and deaths, then Buddhism will remain for us only an object of study, an interesting lecture of mythology or an intellectual delight.
There are, so to speak, two visions one can have about himself and the world. The first is the ordinary vision depending on one's cultural education or daily concerns, and the other is the Dharmic vision.
"There are two aspects concerning this mind of trust: the first is to believe oneself to be a foolish being of defiled karma, subject to birth-and-death, from incalculable kalpas past constantly sinking and constantly turning, without any condition that could lead to liberation. The second is to believe deeply and decisively that, since one does not doubt that Amida's Forty-eight Vows grasp sentient beings, one rides on the power of that Vow and will without fail attain Birth.."
After hearing the Primal Vow you should have no doubt, think that the Primal Vow is reliable and that Amida Buddha will keep His promise and take you to His Pure Land if you entrust yourself to Him, say His Name and wish to go there.
"Shinjin (faith) is hearing the Vow of the Tathagata and being free of doubt".
"'Entrusting' is to be free of doubt, believing deeply and without any double-mindedness that the Tathagata's Primal Vow is true and real."
"Hearing the inconceivable selected Primal Vow and the holy Name of supreme wisdom without a single doubt is called true and real shinjin; it is also called the diamondlike mind".
A person lacking eyes, or lacking ears".
Birth in the Pure Land through the Gate of the Primal Vow means the attainment of Buddhahood and acquiring the special transcendental qualities of the Enlightened Ones, which cannot be found in our present samsaric minds and bodies.
"At the end of your life you will enter the family of the Buddhas, that is, the Pure Land".
"At the moment our karmic bonds to this saha world run out and helplessly we die, we shall go to that land."
"Those who have been born first [in the Pure Land] guide those who come later, and those who are born later join those who were born before. This is so that the boundless ocean of birth and death be exhausted".
 Kyogyoshinsho – On Teaching, Practice, Faith, and Enlightenment, translated by Hisao Inagaki, Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Kyoto, 2003, p. 132.
 Shinran Shonin, Tannisho, chapter 9, The Collected Works of Shinran, Shin Buddhism Translation Series, Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha, Kyoto, 1997, p. 666.
 Shinran Shonin, Kyogyoshinsho, chapter IV, Kyogyoshinsho – On Teaching, Practice, Faith, and Enlightenment, translated by Hisao Inagaki, Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Kyoto, 2003, p. 175.
 The hymns by Fa-chao, based on the Sutra in Praise of the Pure Land (Sukhavativyuha), quoted by Shinran in his Kyogyoshinsho, chapter II, Kyogyoshinsho – On Teaching, Practice, Faith, and Enlightenment, translated by Hisao Inagaki, Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Kyoto, 2003, Idem, p. 41-41.
When one has faith (shinjin), one is convinced that Amida Buddha and His Pure Land exists, and that the Promise He made in His Primal Vow is true, so he simply entrusts to this Buddha and wishes to go to His Pure Land (Buddha-field of Amida) after death. Saying Namo Amida Bu often or seldom means exactly this – "I entrust to Amida Buddha/I take refuge in Amida Buddha and I wish to go to His Pure Land". It also means, "Thank you Amida Buddha for saving me and taking me to your Pure Land at the end of this physical body".
The genuine saying of Amida's Name comes automatically after entrusting to Him. Thus, the Nembutsu is both an expression of faith and gratitude that you are saved as you are by Amida Buddha.
"Although the one moment of shinjin and the one moment of nembutsu are two, there is no nembutsu separate from shinjin (faith), nor is the one moment of shinjin separate from the one moment of nembutsu."
"Know that the Primal Vow of Amida makes no distinction between people young and old, good and evil; only shinjin (faith) is essential. For it is the Vow to save the person whose karmic evil is deep and grave and whose blind passions abound."
"If, when I attain Buddhahood, sentient beings of the ten quarters who sincerely entrust themselves to me, desire to be born in my land, and say my Name even ten times, should not be born there, may I not attain the supreme Enlightenment."
"if when I attain Buddhahood" [...] "may I not attain the supreme Enlightenment"
In order to help my Dharma companions to awake aspiration for the Pure Land, I will further explain the benefits of being born there. These should be read and contemplated in contrast with the previous descriptions of the sufferings of samsara, and with the rest of the Four Thoughts that Turn the Mind Toward Amida Dharma: the preciousness of human birth, impermanence and death, and karma - the law of cause and effect.
But before I enter into the details of this topic, we must remember a few key points. First of all, the goal of Buddhism is to become a Buddha. Not to paint this life in different colors, not to become a smart or interesting kind of Buddhist, but to become a Buddha. The Buddhist path is not a method of relaxation or a tablet for headache, something like "how can we become happier and calmer people" or a recipe for momentary happiness, but a road to Buddhahood or complete Freedom for us and all beings.
The "stored good from the past" represents our good karma from past lives and this life which manifests itself as an opening or receptive state of mind towards the message of the Primal Vow of Amida Buddha.
A lot of people hear the teaching about the Primal Vow but few are opened to it. This openness is very important in our tradition and is the manifestation of the good stored from the past. Also, if you listen again and again to the teaching in this life, thus becoming immersed with all your being in the Dharma, this listening will become a "stored good" which will make you open to the call of the Primal Vow.
My mind can never be at peace.
Namo Amida Butsu comes naturally on my lips.
There are people who confuse emotional instability with the absence of faith (shinjin), and so they hope that faith will give them some kind of constant emotional stability. However, it is normal for unenlightened beings (and people of faith remain unenlightened until death and birth in the Pure Land!) to experience various degrees of emotional instability. It is exactly why Amida urges us to entrust to Him, and not on our own so called, "personal power" and "personal achievements or merits". Trully, nothing stable can be achieved by an unenlightened mind, especially not Nirvana or birth in the Pure Land.
We must bear in mind that faith will not give us absence of desires while we are still here in our samsaric bodies. Faith will only make us enter the stage of non-retrogression, which means that no matter how many desires we have or how low we are on the scale of spiritual evolution, we will surely reach the Pure Land in the moment of death.
Thus, an unenlightened person who entrusts to Amida continues to suffer while still in his/her samsaric body. For a non-Buddha mind clinging is always present, and so, there will always be suffering, insatisfaction, and some kind of emotional instability. I often say this to my Dharma friends - shinjin (faith) is not satori (Enlightenment)! Not even a little satori, so much more a greater satori which leads to absence of desires and constant emotional stability!
How can I say that I have or don't have shinjin (faith) if there is no special feeling I should associate it with?
- do I accept the real existence of Amida Buddha and His Pure Land?
- do I accept Amida Buddha's salvation as promised in His Primal Vow, that is, do I entrust myself completely to Him?
- do I accept that only Amida Buddha can save me through His Power from birth and death and that nothing which can be found in my unenlightened personality can help me in any way in achieving this goal?
If your answer to the above questions is YES, I DO, then you are a person of faith.
So, you are a person of faith not because you feel the right thing, or because you have an intellectual understanding of all Buddhist concepts, including faith, but because you accept and you know that Amida Buddha and His Pure Land are real and that He saves you by assuring your birth there after death.


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Kosančić (cyr. Косанчић) – wieś w Serbii, w okręgu jablanickim, w gminie Bojnik. W 2011 roku liczyła 362 mieszkańców.

Przypisy

Miejscowości w okręgu jablanickim


Some of you may recognize the exterior of this place. In a former life it was OMG! Brunch and Boutique which I had reviewed twice before. I don't know what the back story is but it certainly isn't unusual for a place to go belly up and the spot get re vamped.I actually had no idea that it went through a transformation until the GPS put me in front of it. OMG I said to myself.
We were about 15 minutes early so we sat in the BREKFST mobile and watched a couple of the employees show up for work and another one sit outside and relax.
It was time to go and per SOP Diane went inside and I took photos.
The interior is clean modern and carpet free with a subtle chicken flavor. New age music is playing quietly in the background. It's reasonably spacious and the tables are not crammed together. On the down side they do have benches with 4 top tables that put you pretty close to your neighbors. You know I really dislike that arrangement.
The menu is a bit extensive for my taste but not ridiculous. They have a section devoted to creating your own Skillet Omelette or Scramble with a plethora of ingredient choices. I think this just confounds people and slows down the ordering process. For us the choices were clear. We ordered up.
The Skillet was presented in a stainless steel bowl with handles which I have seen in a bunch of places. I hate em. First the food cools off too fast in this device, and second it reminds me of a Dog Dish. I get it. It's some sort of decorative element but to me it will always be a Dog Dish.
Look at me and my DOG Dish WOOF!
The Pancakes were Fluffy Airy but not dry. Good house made cakes. The topping was peanut buttery but not too sweet. Served with butter and Fake Maple Syrup. (see rant page) A winner 8 I DO have to mention that the original WHISK location in Chicago has the best version of these.
This is a good suburban spot that is definitely worth a visit. Our server was great and the food was above average. Give it a try.


Somehow, I managed to make it through the first 40 years of my broadcast engineering career without touching or dealing with an FM translator. I scratch my head about that a little bit — how is that possible?
The reality is that for many years, commercial translators operated in one world and full-power commercial broadcasters operated in another, so unless I had done some contract engineering or allocations work for a translator licensee or applicant, there would have been little opportunity for contact across those worlds.
That all changed beginning in 1991, when translators were allowed to be used for fill-in service for FM stations, and changed further in 2009, when the door was opened for FM translators to be used for AM station fill-in service (dubbed "AM on FM" by some at the time). Those two rule changes brought commercial translators into the "real" broadcast world and, to some degree at least, breached the divide that had existed between the realms.
And so it was that before 2016, I couldn't even spell "translator," and now my company has 12 of them (if I counted right), with a couple more in the hopper from the last window, almost one translator for every AM we own.
In this 2 1/2-year process, I have learned a great deal about translators — some of it technical, some of it regulatory and some of it practical. For example, I learned that with a clear frequency, a translator can, with just a few watts, cover an entire major market from the right site. Our first translator, K237GG on 95.3 MHz in Denver, continues to amaze me with its market coverage.
I learned that most FM broadcast receivers do a pretty good job of rejecting first-adjacent-channel interference, unless the first-adjacent signals are really strong. As such, a translator can do a good job in an area with first-adjacent-channel signals present. This is even more the case with second- and third-adjacent-channel signals, where even fairly strong signals don't seem to bother a low-power translator too much.
Working at shared sites, I found that there is quite a bit of "funny business" going on in the translator world — antennas that do not match what is specified on the license, antennas pointed the wrong way and even directional patterns that are reversed.
How do those licensees get away with this kind of thing? It's simple: Nobody complains, and the FCC's local Enforcement Bureau folks don't have the manpower or resources to go around checking this kind of thing in the absence of an interference complaint.
Since I did all our allocations work myself, I had to learn all the ins and outs of the translator allocation world, including how to deal with international borders and cross-border protections. I am thankful that I had Erik Swanson of Hatfield & Dawson to educate me on a lot of this. Erik also functioned as a second set of eyes on some critical protection situations.
The thing that has taken the most getting used to, however, is being on both sides of the translator interference issue. In some markets where my company is the translator licensee, we have had to deal with interference complaints from full-power broadcasters. In other markets, we have had translator applications filed specifying frequencies on which we have operating full-power stations in the same market. So in some locations, I find myself defending against translator interference while in others, I am sorting through listener complaints to figure out which are bona fide complaints and which are not.
That positioning has been a little bit humbling, and it has caused more than a little personal as well as corporate introspection. In this business, I believe that integrity is very important. That means, among other things, that you have to be consistent in what you say and do. I can't, in good conscience, argue that a certain signal level in one market is not sufficient for a listener to a full-power station to enjoy reliable reception while in another market and situation, arguing just the opposite.
This is where the "golden rule" really comes into play — treat others as you would like to be treated. I have tried to apply that in these translator interference cases, taking proactive and sometimes draconian steps to alleviate interference to spectrum neighbors while hoping that translator applicants/licensees in other markets will do the same.
Back in April, the FCC released a draft of a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that seeks to make some rule changes to better deal with interference protection. Chairman Pai told us this was coming in his address at the spring NAB convention in Las Vegas, and true to his word, a short time later, the draft was released. I very much appreciate the chairman's transparency and integrity in following through on this and many other things.
As we consider the proposals in this NPRM, broadcasters who are now on both sides of the translator interference issue must weigh the import of translator coverage on one hand and interference protection to full-power stations on the other. I think the NPRM does a good job of balancing these concerns, although I am certain from my conversations with other engineers that some tweaks will be recommended.
In my view, there are three main points in the NPRM. One is a revision of the rules to define an FM translator's change to any available frequency in the same band as a "minor change" if that frequency change is made to resolve a bona fide interference issue.
Currently, any frequency change of greater than ± three channels is classified as a "major change," and that requires a special filing window, which we get like broken clockwork every dozen or more years. Allowing translators to move to any open channel in the same band will result in quick resolution of interference issues in many cases. Of course, there may be no available frequency, so this is not a panacea, but it's a big step in the right direction.
Another main point is a change in the number of bona fide listener complaints from the current minimum of one to six. If you watch the trade press you probably saw that an Atlanta translator was ordered off the air by the FCC in April because of a single unresolved listener interference complaint. Presumably, the proposal to raise the bar to six listener complaints would help prevent that kind of trigger.
The third main point will establish 54 dBu as the signal strength beyond which an FM station may not claim interference, whether or not that station has listeners beyond that contour. You can bet that there will be some comments filed with recommended changes to that number, but it's probably a good starting point.
The NPRM also deals with a number of other administrative issues, including complaint requirements and listener cooperation with remediation efforts, all in an effort to clean up and standardize the translator interference complaint process and procedure.
With a good number of translator applications still in the pipeline from the Auction 99 and Auction 100 windows, it's a sure thing that there will continue to be conflicts with full-power stations. This rulemaking is very timely and a great effort to deal with current problems as well as the inevitable conflicts still to come. My hat is off to the FCC for making this a priority.
Cris Alexander, CPBE AMD DRB, is director of engineering of Crawford Broadcasting Co. and technical editor of RW Engineering Extra.


Addiction is an absolutely horrible situation; it arrives unannounced after slowly, silently and stealthily creeping up on us over time. To make things worse, others often don't understand and we feel that the only comfort left is that very thing which is causing all this pain.
Addiction varies in extremes from being addicted to Coke Cola and sugar products, to Heroin and other class A drugs. By far the greatest numbers of addiction issues we encounter at BeOnForm however, concern withdrawal from prescribed medications!
Typically, we hear stories like "Back about five years ago, my Doctor gave me tablets for my depression/Anxiety/Blood Pressure etc. and last week he told me to stop taking them, I don't know how I am going to cope".
Please Note, when voluntarily withdrawing from medication, we at BeOnForm always recommend that you discuss it with your Doctor first. There might well be reasons for you being prescribed that medication that you are unaware of and besides, it's important that your Doctor monitors your progress.
There are a number of issues involved with the treatment of addiction. Firstly, what is the underlying cause of the addiction? If it is medication given for anxiety for instance, then the anxiety must be treated alongside the withdrawal.
What are the withdrawal symptoms and how many are there? At BeOnForm our therapists will use Quantum Field Therapy © (QFT ©), to eliminate each of the symptoms in turn and teach you how to reprogram your desires, so that the cravings disappear.
Of all the areas BeOnForm covers, addiction is the most challenging. Not from a success/failure standpoint, because our success rate is phenomenal, rather it's a case of time. We do not recommend complete withdrawal overnight, rather a staged approach where the stimulant is reduced slowly. During this process, our therapists will work with you to reduce cravings and side effects whilst at the same time, working to get your subconscious mind to have better expectations for your future, as you will no longer be reliant on the substance you previously could not live without. This latter part is the most important, because it addresses the original cause of your addiction and will therefore protect against a relapse.
One of the major issues with hard drugs is not just breaking away from the drug, but also from the company you are keeping. Another ex heroin user said to us recently "I can't believe you are so pleased that I am still clean, all my friends are so negative about it!" At BeOnForm, we will give you the advise, help and encouragement you need to break free, but you need to do your bit too.
During your initial consultation a BeOnForm practitioner will discuss and agree with you, the treatment options available to you, before, with your consent, proceeding with therapy. This consultation / Treatment session will last for 2 hours, most clients typically require at least another four one hour sessions, at intervals during withdrawal.


15 year fixed rate options. Buy or pay out refinancing. 15-year HARP fixed-rate refinancing loans are perfect for homeowners whose homes have lost value but want to shorten their repayment term.
30-days-lock3,125%3,215%0,000%$1,935$1,3061801017 N. Turner St. The stated interest rate, APR, rebate points and charges are effective October 26, 2016 10:2016 10:05:15 a.m. Central Time and are changeable without prior notification. Courses, graduation tuition and cash flow above are based on a deposit of $62,500.00. There are no tax and insurances included in the amount of your month's rent.
When a trust fund is needed or applied for for tax or insurances, the real amount paid per month is higher.
These loans are fully written off over a 15-year horizon and have steady recurring months paid. There are all the benefits of a 30-year mortgage, plus a lower interest and you will own your home twice as quickly. With a 15-year term you have to make a higher commitment to a higher amount of money each month.
Loans are often 30 years old and many borrower choose to make large voluntary repayments in 15 years. Often this is more secure than the commitment to a higher montly fee because the interest differential is not so big. We are here to make the home loans procedure much simpler, with utilities and knowledge that will accompany you along the way, from our 15-year-old fixed-rate mortgage qualifier with no commitment.
Loans are often 30 years old and many borrower choose to make large voluntary repayments in 15 years. Often this is more secure than the commitment to a higher montly fee because the interest differential is not so big. We are here to simplify the home loans procedure, with utilities and knowledge that will accompany you along the way, beginning with our FREE 15-year-old fixed-rate mortgage qualifier.
What should I do to refinance my mortgage loan?


Circuit Rider CZ: Oh no, not another tower!
Was that taken at dusk? How long were you out on the bike yesterday? Keep going Forest!!! Wish I was there.
It was taken at lunchtime, although it does look a bit gloomy. It was a relatively short day's cycling for me - I reached the guesthouse in Kraslice at about 5 pm.


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Monday Morning Math: Dorothy Vaughn
PC: https://www.nasa.gov/content/dorothy-vaughan-biography
Dorothy Vaughn was born on September 20, 1910 in Kansas City. Missouri. She graduated at the age of 19 from Wilberforce University, a historically black college in Wilberforce, Ohio. Dorothy Vaughn supported her family as a math teacher for 14 years prior to working at NASA as part of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics' (NACA) West Area Computing unit in 1943.
The West Area Computing unit was a group of black women who, as a result of Jim Crow Laws, were segregated at NASA while they performed mathematical calculations on slide rules and graph paper to support the space race and the NASA astronauts' flight missions to space. Dorothy Vaughn was an expert in the computer programming language FORTRAN and she became NASA's first black supervisor of the group in 1949 where she taught the women programming to prepare them for the future which she believed would be machine computers.
In addition to her work at NASA, Dorothy Vaughan raised her family of 6 children, one of whom also worked for NASA.
She retired from NASA in 1971 and died on November 10, 2008. She was featured in Margot Lee Shetterly's book Hidden Figures and portrayed in the film based on the book by Octavia Spencer.
PC: https://scientificwomen.net/women/vaughan-dorothy-103
https://www.nasa.gov/content/dorothy-vaughan-biography
https://scientificwomen.net/women/vaughan-dorothy-103
https://blog.sciencemuseum.org.uk/nasas-overlooked-star/
Written by Tracy Lyn Lause
Posted in Featured Mathematician, Monday Morning Math | Leave a Comment »
Monday Morning Math: Hippocrates of Chios
No, not that one!
Hippocrates of Chios was a Greek mathematician who followed Pythagoras and lived around 470-410 BCE. He was a contemporary of the more famous Hippocrates, the physician Hippocrates of Kos (c460-370 BCE). He is perhaps best known for his work on the classical geometry problems of squaring the circle and doubling the cube.
Astute readers will note that both of the geometry problems above are impossible to solve in general, but Hippocrates' work led him to discover how to compute the areas of certain lunes, regions bounded by two circular arcs. (See this video for a pleasing application of Hippocrates' discovery.)
The "Lune of Hippocrates"
The Greek philosopher Proclus credits Hippocrates with writing the first version of Elements of Geometry, much of which Euclid would later incorporate into his own Elements. In this text, Hippocrates introduced the use of letters to represent points, as well as naming objects using the points that defined them (e.g., "triangle ABC"). It is also believed that he had developed a method of "proof by exhaustion" (approximating circles by polygons with an increasing number of sides), later used by Eudoxus and Euclid. Unfortunately, Hippocrates' text has been lost to history.
While respected as a mathematician, Hippocrates was viewed as "stupid and incompetent in the business of ordinary life" by Aristotle. He lost a large sum of money due to fraud, and had to teach geometry in Athens to make up for it.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lune_of_Hippocrates
https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hippocrates/
Monday Morning Math: Grace Murray Hopper
In honor of Veterans Day, our mathematician this week is Grace Murray Hopper.
US Navy photo, public domain
Grace Murray was born in New York in 1906. She earned her BA in math and physics from Vassar College. Over the next few years she married, earned an MA and PhD in math from Yale University, and became a professor at Vassar.
In 1943, at the age of 37, she joined the Navy in response to World War II and began working with computers. She worked on the Harvard Mark I (which was over 50 feet long, 8 feet tall, and 2 feet deep) and later the Mark II and III. She learned programming and was instrumental in both conceptualizing and creating the first compiler.
At the time of her retirement in 1986 she was at the rank of Rear Admiral and the oldest active military officer. She continued to work even after her retirement and died in 1992. She is buried in Arlington Cemetery.
One of her legacies is the popularization of the term computer bug. She invented the term "debugging" in response to an actual bug (shown in the photo below!)
Hopper found the first computer "bug" a dead moth that had gotten into the Mark I [possibly Mark II] and whose wings were blocking the reading of the holes in the paper tape. The word "bug" had been used to describe a defect since at least 1889 but Hopper is credited with coining the word \debugging" to describe the work to eliminate program faults.
(From computersciencelab.com)
Courtesy of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, VA., 1988, public domain
An interview with David Letterman
www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/HistoryPt3.htm
www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/hopper-story.html
www.biography.com/people/grace-hopper-21406809
www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Hopper.html
Monday Morning Math: Number Systems
For today's Monday Morning Math, we'll do some counting!
In the Indo Arabic number system we have ten digits: 0123456789 grouped by tens, so the number 23 can be thought of as 2 tens and 3 ones. But in Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) 4000 years ago they grouped numbers by 60s. In that system the number 2 3 would be 2 60s and 3 ones, or what we would think of as 123. That grouping by 60s, incidentally, has passed down to us in how we count time: it is the reason we have 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour.
For an example closer to home, the Mayans 2000 years ago, in modern-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras, grouped numbers by 20s. In this number system the number 2 3 would be 2 20s and 3 ones, or what we could think of as 43. Numbers below numbers less than 20 were formed using dots for 1s and lines for 5s, with a shell like oval for the number 0, as in the image below.
Some Mayan numbers in the thousand year old Dresden Codex, named after where it was taken away to.
Several indigenous tribes in North American group numbers by 4s and 8s, particularly the Yuki in northern California, and the Chumash people along the central and southern coast.
(From "Numeral Systems of the Languages of California" by Roland B. Dixon and A. L. Kroeber, published in American Anthropologist in Oct-Nov 1907 (p. 665)
Grouping numbers by 5s and 10s is often attributed to fingers on the hand, but the interesting (to me) thing is that grouping numbers by 4s and 8s is also based on the hands: the Yuki used the spaces between the fingers to count. As Dixon and Kroeber wrote above, "It does not follow that because people count by their fingers they count by fives."
November 1 marks the beginning of National Native American Heritage Month! Visit the website for Indigenous Mathematicians to learn about more mathematicians!
I first read about the Yuki in Ethnomathematics: A Multicultural View of Mathematical Ideas by Marcia Ascher.
Posted in Monday Morning Math | Leave a Comment »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Extra Effort: Brandi Bisping
by: Matt McClain
PEORIA, Ill. (WMBD/WYZZ) — For the first time in four years, Morton's Brandi Bisping played a game in central Illinois… leading her Milwaukee team to a win over Bradley Saturday.
"This is definetly not the homecoming that I thought it was going to be," Bisping said. "But I know that I have an amazing support system around me in Morton and they made me who I am. This, whether it was going to be good or going to be bad, it was going to be 100 percent effort and it was going to be for them."
And what an effort it was, with 20 points and 12 rebounds. But what about this double double off the court? Bisping completed her undergrad degree in human resources in three years and is working on her masters of business administation, all while playing her senior year of basketball.
"I mean, the student is first for a reason, isn't it? Actually one of the big reasons I chose Milwaukee is because I told them that I wanted to graduate in three years and I wanted to get my masters," Bisping said. "And 17-year-old me, I was going to do it."
And she did it with flying colors thanks to the support of her family at home and in the place she calls her favoirte in the world, Milwaukee.
"I remember when I was taking 17 credits with calculus and stats and accounting, and I was like, I don't know if I made the correct decision," Bisping added. "But I look back on it, and I'm meant to be here. I got some passionate people around me who want to see me succeed. More than just on the basketball court, they want to see me succeed as a person"


text:
[Mission 2022] Insta– QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 14 January 2022 – PuuchoIAS
Editorials Quiz 2021-22
Introducing yet another ingenious course, InsightsIAS is excited to announce our new initiative QUED – Questions from Editorials. Considering the number of questions that appeared from Editorials in previous year UPSC Prelims Examinations, we feel it is wise for students to cover Editorials from Prelims point of view as well in order to achieve that extra edge. Although, we have covered important editorials separately in our Editorial Section as well as under Secure Initiative, MCQ practice can prove to be crucial for better performance and guaranteed result.
We strongly recommend you at add QUED along with Static Quiz ,Current Affairs Quiz and RTM for your Daily MCQ practice.
We will be posting 5 MCQs at 11am everyday from Monday to Saturday on http://www.insightsonindia.com. QUED will be available under QUIZ menu.
We hope students utilize this initiative to the best of advantage. 🙂
Consider the following statements.
The minimum support price (MSP) of a crop is the same throughout the country.
Agricultural wage rate is not considered while setting up of the MSP.
The Food Corporation of India (FCI) was constituted on the recommendation of the LK Jha Committee.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Solution: b)
For the first time, in 1966-67, the minimum support price (MSP) of wheat and paddy was fixed. To fix the price, the central government constituted the Agricultural Prices Commission, which was later renamed as the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) in 1985.
This means that the minimum support price (MSP) system was introduced in the country to protect the interests of the farmers in general. Under this system, even if the price of a crop falls in the market, the central government procures it at the fixed MSP from the farmers so that they can be shielded against losses.
The MSP of a crop is the same throughout the country.
The Food Corporation of India (FCI) was constituted in 1965 on the recommendation of the LK Jha Committee. The government stores the grains procured from the farmers with the FCI and NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India) from where the grains are distributed to the poor under the Public Distribution System (PDS).
Since 2009, the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices fixes the minimum support price of a crop based on cost, demand, supply position, price changes, market price trend, different costs and international market prices.
The Ministry of Agriculture also claims that the cost of production of cultivation does not only include cash expenditure (as per market) but also the cost of labour (as per market rate). This means that agricultural wage rate is also considered while setting up of the MSP.
The Ministry of Civil Aviation has unveiled the Drone Rules, 2021 based on "certification and intrusive monitoring by the ministry".
Drones are one of the sectorsunder the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.
Under SVAMITVA scheme, lands are surveyed in rural inhabited area using Drone technology.
Solution: c)
The Ministry of Civil Aviation has unveiled the Drone Rules, 2021 based on "trust, self-certification and non-intrusive monitoring".
As part of the initiatives to make India a global hub for drones under the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan and in the backdrop of the Union Government rolling out the liberalised Drone Rules 2021, experts suggested the heads of various Ministries promote effective use of the technology.
The drone technology in the SVAMITVA scheme launched by the Government of India, within less than a year, has helped about half a million village residents to get their property cards by mapping out the abadi areas.
Election Commission of India is not only responsible for conducting free and fair elections but it also renders a quasi-judicial function between the various political parties.
The appointment of Election Commissioners falls within the purview of Article 324 of the Constitution.
Both the number and tenure of the Election Commissioners are subject to provisions of law made by Parliament.
Solution: d)
The appointment of ECs falls within the purview of Article 324(2) of the Constitution, which establishes the institution. Pertinently, it contains a 'subject to' clause which provides that both the number and tenure of the ECs shall be "subject to provisions of any law made in that behalf by Parliament, be made by the President."
It was left to Parliament to enact legislation regarding the appointment of ECs. Apart from enacting a law in 1989 enlarging the number of ECs from one to three, Parliament has so far not enacted any changes to the appointment process.
Election Commission is not only responsible for conducting free and fair elections but it also renders a quasi-judicial function between the various political parties including the ruling government and other parties.
Consider the following statements regarding RTGS System.
RTGS is an electronic fund transfer system in which the transactions received up to a particular time are processed in batches.
The RTGS system is primarily meant for large value transactions.
The RTGS payments are final and irrevocable.
The acronym 'RTGS' stands for Real Time Gross Settlement, which can be explained as a system where there is continuous and real-time settlement of fund-transfers, individually on a transaction by transaction basis. 'Real Time' means the processing of instructions at the time they are received; 'Gross Settlement' means that the settlement of funds transfer instructions occurs individually.
Considering that the funds settlement takes place in the books of the Reserve Bank of India, the payments are final and irrevocable.
National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) is an electronic fund transfer system in which the transactions received up to a particular time are processed in batches. Contrary to this, in RTGS, the transactions are processed continuously on a transaction by transaction basis throughout the day.
RTGS is available 24x7x365 with effect from December 14, 2020.
The RTGS system is primarily meant for large value transactions. The minimum amount to be remitted through RTGS is ₹ 2,00,000/- with no upper or maximum ceiling.
Which of the following passes connects India and China?
Shipki La
Banihal Pass
Lipu Lekh
Select the correct answer code:
Solution: a)
Banihal pass is a popular pass in Jammu and Kashmir. It is situated in the Pir- Panjal Range. It connects Banihal with Qazigund.
Shipki La is located through Sutlej Gorge. It connects Himachal Pradesh with Tibet. It is India's third border post for trade with China after Lipu Lekh and Nathula Pass.
Lipu Lekh is located in Uttarakhand. It connects Uttarakhand with Tibet. This pass is an important border post for trade with China.
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Insights into Editorial: Extending GST compensation as a reform catalyst – PuuchoIAS


Sometimes I see a garden, and it's beautiful, perfect even, but it does nothing for me. I realize and appreciate all the work that's been put into it, but I cannot help it -- if it doesn't pull me in, it just doesn't.
This is one of the gardens that pull me in.
I guess I'm more into the wild, natural, meadow-look.
I've planted grasses, and coneflowers, and I'm on the lookout for the dotted with tiny white blooms mountainmint, and perhaps bee balm's splashes of red to add to my garden.
Apparently, native flies drink the rainwater collected in the cups, and birds feast on those flies. The circle of life. Moves us all.


text:
Shoestring Poetry Press Reading
17th October 2019, 17:00 to 18:00, St Chad's College Chapel, Carole Coates, Tony Roberts, and Paul McLoughlin
A Durham Book Festival Fringe event featuring three brilliant poets. Free admission, all welcome!
Carole Coates
Carole Coates was a late starter in poetry, having spent many years as an academic during which time she published critical and professional writings.Originally from London, she now lives in Lancaster where she helps to organise a series of poetry readings and belongs to a poetry performance group.Shoestring Press have published four collections of her poetry. In her more recent work she has become interested in exploring the relationship between the lyric and the narrative.
If there is a poem of the last ten years with which I am proud to be associated, it is 'Because I Know So Many Dead People'.It has a feeling for the numinous which has faded for many but which still lingers. It shows a combination of wit and deep feeling ... This is a new and original voice which I find exciting. - John Lucas
An extraordinarily riveting narrative poem on the pain of childhood and its long reach, written with forensic care and heart-stopping empathy. - Carol Ann Duffy on Coates's verse-novel, Jacob
Tony Roberts
Tony Roberts is a poet and critic whose work appears regularly in the literary press. He was born in Doncaster, educated in England and America, and taught for over thirty years in Bolton schools. His fifth collection, The Noir American & Other Poems, was published last summer ('Muscular, allusive, clever,cinematic,and richly musical... these poemscapture jazz life as well as anyone could', wrote American poet Michael Waters).
Roberts is the editor of Poetry in the Blood (2014) and the author of two collections of essays on poets, poetry and critics.Reviewing his first, John Forth found 'a detailed map of the age ... condensed to appear as table talk. You invite him to dinner and his friends talk easily into the night after everyone else has gone.' His more recent, The Taste of My Mornings, has just been published. All are with Shoestring Press.
Paul McLoughlin
Paul McLoughlinwas born in London of Irish parents and retired from teaching in 2012. After a 1998 pamphlet for Smith/Doorstop, he has been with Shoestring, producing a further pamphlet and four full collections, the most recent of which, The Hungarian Who Beat Brazil (2017), prompted Jeremy Page in The Frogmore Papers to refer to 'a unique sensibility which is never predictable, never dull. These poems are characterised by wit anda relentlessly keen, appraising eye'. Simon Armitage described earlier poems as 'Careful and concise, like glimpsed scenes and small, intensedramas, full of knowing detail and telling lines. Tender but shrewd.' He edited and introduced Brian Jones: New & Selected Poems (Shoestring, 2013). This year his Breaking Ground: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Poems in Old English and in Translation was published by Paekakariki Press.
Contact s.r.regan@durham.ac.uk for more information about this event.
Shoestring Press


text:
Los PBA Tour Playoffs es un evento del PBA Tour en Estados Unidos de América. El torneo está configurado en un formato de llave de 24 jugadores.

Evento de 2019
La edición inaugural de los PBA Playoffs tienen lugar en 2019 en las instalaciones del Bayside Bowl en Portland (Maine). El torneo tiene una bolsa total de USD$276,000 con un premio al primer lugar de UDS$100,000. Las primeras tres rondas de eliminación se llevaron a cabo los días 8 al 10 de abril,con transmisiones televisivas todos los lunes entre el 8 de abril y el 27 de mayo. Los cuatro finalistas compitieron en transmisiones en vivo el 1 y 2 de junio.

Para 2019, los miembros de la PBA votaron para que los Playoffs fueran un evento que no entregue título, tomando el reducido número de juegos jugados como principal razón.

Los 24 participantes fueron elegidos y sembrados basado en los puntos ganados en los primeros 13 torneos de la temporada 2019 (PBA Hall of Fame Classic al USBC Masters).Se recompensan puntos del PBA Tour basándose en un sistema de niveles como se indica a continuación:

 Nivel 3: Torneos de formato corto o de campo limitado de la PBA (2500 puntos para el primero, y después descendentemente)
 Nivel 2: Torneos tradicionales de la PBA (el máximo será de 5000 puntos)
 Nivel 1: Torneos Major PBA (el máximo será de 7,500 puntos)

Los primeros 8 jugadores en puntos recibieron descanso hasta la segunda ronda (Ronda de 16).Los sembrados 9 al 24 compitieron en eliminaciones a un juego para determinar quien avanza a la segunda ronda.

Las rondas 2 y 3 presentaron encuentros de eliminación a 2 juegos. El jugador que gana ambos juegos avanza a la siguiente ronda.Si el encuentro se divide en una victoria para cada jugador se juega una muerte súbita de frames 9 y 10 para determinar quien avanza. Si en los frames 9 y 10 se tiene un empate se sigue jugando muerte súbita a 1 bola hasta determinar al ganador. Este formato continua hasta la gran final del torneo.

Ronda 1
Encuentros de 1 juego y de elmiminación directa.Los perdedores ganaron $3,000.

Ronda 2 (Ronda de 16)
Encuentros de 2 juegos. Los perdedores ganaron USD$5,000.

Ronda 3 (Cuartos de Final)
Encuentros de 2 juegos. Los perdedores ganaron USD$8,000..

Semifinal
Encuentros de 2 juegos. Los perdedores ganaron USD$20,000..

Campeonato
Campeón (USD$100,000)
Sub Campeón (USD$40,000)

Referencias

Bolos


text:
PostX Celebrates 20K+ Active Installations! [Celebrate with Us!]
BySadik Ahmed
News PostX
PostX, a Gutenberg blocks plugin for the WordPress community, has reached 20,000+ active installations. It is a great achievement for the team behind PostX, a team that took the 'Customer-first' approach to put together a product that's unique in its own right.
We would like to take this opportunity to thank the WordPress community, particularly those who have helped us create this awesome WordPress plugin and bring it to the market. We have tried to listen to you and bring all the features you'd want to use for your website.
And yes, the celebration is live! Enjoy Up to a 35% discount on WPXPO products:
20K Active Installation Celebration
This milestone suggests that we've managed to do so a fair bit!
Let's take a look at the journey of the PostX Gutenberg WordPress plugin to date.
1 How It All Started with the PostX blocks plugin!
2 Introduction to Some Key Features
3 Thank You
4 Something Big is Coming…
How It All Started with the PostX blocks plugin!
PostX, the Gutenberg WordPress Blocks Plugin, started out with a few unique features – including some readymade blocks and starter packs for users to be up and running with their news magazine, kitchen recipe, travel, fashion, portfolio websites, and more!
In the beginning, the focus was to offer some unique features while making sure to support the users to the best of our abilities. We wanted to take the feedback from our customers, do our own extensive research, and build on it.
So far, the focus remains the same. However, we are more focused on helping the users make the most of the PostX plugin by offering them highly customizable features and control.
Introduction to Some Key Features
From the very beginning, we focused on offering the users what they wanted. We wanted to offer you a unique experience that would cater to their website creating needs.
We wanted to offer you an experience.
Previously, although PostX started out with some excellent features, there were some obvious gaps that didn't really fulfill the overall experience. Of course, there were some issues with the usability. But now, it's a very polished experience!
And it all started with the introduction of the reading progress bar that allowed the users to interact with the website content better.
It was a highly requested feature that we were able to deliver in record time. This feature helped to increase the website engagement, a very popular feature among the users of the PostX Gutenberg blocks plugin.
The PostX Archive Page Builder also became a very hot favorite among the users as well. The builder addon allowed users to create specific archive pages just the way they wanted. Again, this feature allowed users to build proper archive pages for their websites, giving them an edge in building on their SEO efforts.
Another great feature was the 'Table of Contents' addon, a feature we've brought to the table for users who like to offer their readers something extra.
The addon allowed the PostX plugin users to create a proper table of contents blocks for their readers, allowing them to navigate to their desired piece of content. This feature was particularly helpful for helping readers find the right solution in-between the content.
In recent times, we've taken on the task to release new features, incremental updates, and bug fixes, in a weekly cycle. So far, with you, our loyal customers by our side, we've had great success. We have also come up with some new start layout designs for you to try out:
EXPLORE LAYOUTS
You may not understand how much your support means to us! This achievement of reaching 20,000+ active installs is something we didn't expect to happen so quickly. But thanks to your continuous support, the team continued to thrive. And their continuous effort alongside your support has made this achievement a reality.
With that said, make sure to make the most of this GREAT Discount on PostX and ProductX before the offer expires:
Something Big is Coming…
PostX is coming up with a new feature that's surely going to be a game-changer for many. Stay tuned for more updates from the team.
Thank you so much for sticking with the PostX team!
Tags: Active Installationspostx
How to add Categories to Sidebar in WordPress
10 Best WordPress Grid Plugins 2023
14 Best Gutenberg Blocks Plugins
Introducing the PostX Global Styles
Written bySadik Ahmed
Hey there, I'm Sadik Ahmed, a WordPress enthusiast who loves to try out and review new themes and services.


text:
function hb = barerrorbar(dat,err,varargin)
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
% BARERRORBAR plots bar graphs with errorbars. Basically, it is a wrapper
% around the bar (matlab), getbarx (Lennart), and errorbar (matlab)
% functions. Why didn't matlab include this function in the first place?
%
% Please be aware that at the moment I'm too lazy to implement the varargin
% distribution over bar and errorbar functions. In other words, it only
% works if varargin contains only parameters that are supported by both bar
% and errorbar.
%
% Copyright (C) 2010-2014, Lennart Verhagen
% Lennart.Verhagen@psy.ox.ac.uk
% version 2014-11-01
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------

% plot bar
hb = bar(dat,varargin{:});

% get x positions of bar graph
x = getbarx(hb);

% loop over first data dimension
hold on;
for d = 1:size(dat,2)
    % add errorbars
    errorbar(x(:,d),dat(:,d),err(:,d),'LineStyle','none','Color','k',varargin{:});
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The world of love, family, and relationships is often difficult to understand and explain. As humans who innately value connection, most people experience the joy as well as the pain of relationships with family and friends at some point during life. Though Central teachers and staff provide mainly academic instruction, they also offer advice and counseling to students through their own professional and personal experiences.
"Though high school relationships can be fun and seem like they last, friendships last a lot longer, so it's important not to neglect your friends in high school for a boyfriend or girlfriend," English teacher Jamie Howe said.
Central teachers have a unique perspective on the high school experience for students. They know that an unstable personal life for a student can mean wavering grades for students, as toxic friendships might cause them to lose focus at school.
Many teachers also support our students in their endeavor to find long-lasting friendships and even develop relationships outside of high school that can last a lifetime. Often, teachers provide an example of marriage and steady relationships to students who might otherwise only find such an example in their parents, grandparents, or cousins.
Teachers also show students what it means to focus on self-love rather than just relying on others to make them happy. People are always changing, and in turn, so are their relationships. It is important to find confidence and peace in oneself as doing so often allows for meaningful and enduring relationships.


text:
PropositionJoe
Everything posted by PropositionJoe
Skip Bayless on the Mess in Cleveland with Johnny
PropositionJoe replied to primal defense's topic in The Burnt Orange Board
did you watch the SEC media days last year? coming off the tail end of the manning camp saga? he got grilled there. he did pretty well on the wunderlic.
other than LSU, johnny's stats were pretty solid in every game we played. johnny couldnt help if his defense was atrocious. i think our record was better than 1-6 against ranked teams in 2012.
cleveland's line isnt that terrible. and johnny's made a career out of making guys who are bigger/faster/stronger than him look silly. can he play the same game that he did in college in the pros? no. does he have the ability to adapt his game to be successful? i think so.
Recruiting Excuse thread
PropositionJoe replied to MBHORNSFAN's topic in The Burnt Orange Board
bridgewater was...as was a guy named gerod holliman, another louisville recruit. bridgewater was a pretty highly recruited guy.
2015 Recruiting Season is in full swing
PropositionJoe replied to bbdude's topic in The Burnt Orange Board
agree there. i'm not familiar with oregon's baseball program, but it has to be better than the crapshow that childress has put out.
i think oregon is going to make us sweat it out, but i still think that kyler will be an aggie...although my confidence level is as high as it was a month ago. oregon has now had two back up QBs transfer, so their depth chart is very inviting right now. A&M will have a true freshman and a true sophomore battling it out...and if kyle allen wins the starting gig, it's plausible that kyler might not get to start as QB for at least 3 years.
Agree there.
this might come as a surprise to yall, but i think manziel is going to be fine. his marriage with the browns will be interesting to watch. pettine is a ground a pound kind of guy, and i think that will lengthen johnny's career. i do think it was a dumb move of them to limiting access to the rookie mini camp under the guise of trying not to distract johnny. if there's anyone used to a media circus, it's johnny...and cleveland had to expect for this to happen when they drafted him. as long as shanahan doesnt get him killed (which i dont think he will), i think manziel will have a decent career in cleveland.
OMG atm regent, want's "kyle field" named after manziel...
PropositionJoe replied to monarch's topic in The Burnt Orange Board
it was an incredible gaffe by schwertner. i doubt he was serious, but his ego is too large to back down from the statement after he was questioned about it. later, regent tony buzbee went on the record and said that kyle field's name would not be changed, and that the comment was in fact intended to be toungue in cheek. that being said, schwertner managed to both alienate a significant portion of the former players just because he couldnt keep his mouth shut.
i assume he's joking. i hope he's joking.
I have a question for our aggie friends - Joe and Mike
PropositionJoe replied to doc longhorn's topic in The Burnt Orange Board
ha. i'd expect no less. good debate. thanks for bringing it up...i'm always looking for opportunities to talk football during the long lonely offseason.
NFL DRAFT DAY 2014: "houston texans" on the clock...
lots of smoke that garrapalo might be the guy for the texans.
On my phone so you'll have to pardon my brevity 1) the 2011 team was talented but poorly coached. The strength of the sec is overblown yes, but the coaches were able to maximize talent in 2012 in a way that the 2011 coaches weren't (hence Sherman getting fired) 2) maybe you saw something different than I did. I don't see how duke can point to being gassed with that low of a TOP. also what's their offenses excuse for only scoring 10 in the second half? Were they gassed too? 3) so the depth chart can't change? Playing freshman in spots vs relying heavily on them throughout the season are two different things. We relied heavily on freshmen not only to start at different points in the season but to also serve as key back up roles. Not sure I get your argument here. 4) read up on football outsiders. Their stats are much more representative of how good teams are than total defense. Case in point. In 2012 A&M gave up 90 fewer yards to Bama than notre dame did. Yet notre dame was about 50 spots higher in the total defense rankings. Good stuff on the football outsiders site.
i'm not sure that i get the "SEC not being up to its hype" piece of this. looking at the box score, A&M ran all of 43 plays in the first half, and was on the field for about 15 minutes. duke's defense was gassed by that? my facts are pretty straight. at any given point in the year the following true freshmen started a game (or saw significant playing time) walker (starter) golden (starter) arnold (contributor) mastrogiovanni (starter) claiborne (starter) sezer (starter) hall (starter) washington (contributor) you're probably right about this, but then again according to the S&P ratings put out by football outsiders (http://www.footballoutsiders.com/stats/ncaadef2012), we were able to field a top 10 defense in 2012. I'd imagine that if snyder doesnt show significant improvement this year, he'll probably be let go. depends. are we talking the diaz from 2011/2012? because he fielded much better defenses in those years than what A&M put out there this year.
the numbers disagree with you there. agree to disagree. i disagree here. to the defense's credit, they adjusted. they gave up 38 in the first half and 10 in the second. combine that with johnny having a darn good game, and i dont think we should have lost. that's not true. in fact the only redshirt frosh that saw any playing time on defense was tyrone taylor (and his PT was limited). the rest were all true freshmen. we'll see. agree that sumlin is an offensive coach, but there's no reason why he cant hire a DC to field a competent defense. yes i do. and the numbers agree with me.
i think we'll agree to disagree on how bad the defense was. we were ranked 109 to end the year. contrast that with being 57 to end the 2012 season. i do agree about being gassed, but when you're running true freshmen out who have been in a college S&C program for less than 6 months, that might be bound to happen. as for big games, you have to get there to prove that you can with them. sumlin had two big games in 2012 that he won against bama and OU. the only team that has consistently out coached us the past two years has been LSU--specifically john chavis. he has won both of his matchups against kingsbury/mckinney. as for your last question, i think snyder would win the most games, and sumlin and mack would have fairly similar records.
two thoughts: 1) defense was atrocious last year. mark snyder won me over in 2012 when he performed admirably with very little depth, but 2013 was a rough year for him and unless we see improvement, he's gone in 2014. that being said, after kirby ennis got hurt, we were rotating two true freshmen in at NG. in the chick fila bowl we had true freshmen starting at NG, DE, and MLB. that's not good. for all of the credit mike sherman gets for offensive recruiting (and he deserves a ton), he crapped the bed when it came to defensive recruiting. 2) we missed kliff kingsbury, and clarence mckinney was in over his head. we were in position to beat auburn...our defense actually got stops, but we couldnt go up two touchdowns before the half. clarence relied too much on johnny and not enough on our running backs. we only attempted to run the ball 6 times against LSU despite having three former four star recruits and one 5 star available to us. mckinney agreed to step down and go back to solely coaching RBs, and jake spavital will be our new OC in 2014. i feel confident that he'll make better use of our personnel.
Interesting tweet by Texas DC Vance Bedford...
PropositionJoe replied to Sean Adams's topic in The Burnt Orange Board
the cold war continues
Vince Young trying out for Cleveland Browns
PropositionJoe replied to BevoBlake's topic in The Burnt Orange Board
just saw a tweet saying that his agent announced that VY will be signing with the browns. great news. happy for the guy.
More Manziel Madness
manziel has to demonstrate that he can step into a pocket consistently, instead of drifting around it. if he can do that, or if he can be coached to do that, he'll be fine.
SEC Mandates Major Out of Conference Games
A&M's OOC schedule has been terrible because of the move to the SEC. not enough time to get decent teams on the schedule. we've got arizona state in 2015, UCLA in 2016/2017, and oregon in 2018/2019 set up. there was a lot of talk about how sumlin and strong tried to get a game scheduled for 2013 (both had an open date) but couldnt get the logistics worked out.
Mack Browns' Tarnished Legacy – The Quarterbacks
PropositionJoe replied to J.B. TexasEx's topic in The Burnt Orange Board
interesting thread. went back through and looked at who mack recruited: 2010: case mccoy, connor wood (both RSd) 2011: david ash (played as a true frosh) 2012: connor brewer (RSd) 2013: tyrone swoopes 2014: jerrod heard i dont think it's that mack didnt recruit the position well, like folks have said he just managed his roster poorly. by RSing mccoy and wood, and playing ash as a true freshman, he guaranteed that one of the two (mccoy or wood) would transfer elsewhere. same thing. by RSing brewer and then having him compete with a true freshman (and mccoy) to back up ash, mack pretty much guaranteed that brewer would transfer if he lost that battle (or risk sitting on the bench for three years). a better situation would have been to RS all QBs coming in, instead of picking and choosing.
Matt Joeckel Leaving A&M
wittek by far. he was a 4 star/blue chip rivals 100 type player. offers from a lot of big time schools.
totally agree. blue chip players sign with the intent of starting early. when they dont start early, they go and find a place that will give them the opportunity to start. that doesnt apply to joeckel, but it does apply to matt davis and jameill showers and likely to kenny hill (assuming that allen either starts or gets a bulk of the PT next year). it's not a recruiting problem. it's a retention problem.
How good are the Aggies?
i will accept your compliment seems like we were god awful and got lucky with opportunistic turnovers. we'll have more depth than we had last year, but it's young unproven depth.


In Denmark we have a vision to transform our energy system to renewable energy by 2050. This conversion requires that we focus on a number of renewable energy technologies. For example, studies developed in the project 'Energy Across' show that solar panels on roofs and facades have the potential to provide 15 percent of electricity production in the metropolitan area by 2050. If we are to benefit from this potential, it is necessary to test different models for how solar cells can be better integrated into buildings.
The projects 'Low Cost Active House BIPV' and 'PV Active Roofs and Facades' aim to develop new innovative models that enable increased integration of photovoltaics into buildings. The projects look at the building projects holistically and assess the needs of the building owner for aesthetically pleasing buildings, profitable construction, operation and energy savings, as well as societal needs in relation to future energy systems.
As part of the projects, building owners are offered financial support of 8% of the total construction cost for setting up solar panels. In addition, they are offered support in the form of 60% to the preparation of conceptual designs, as well as for the measurement of the panels' ongoing performance in the first two years after making the switch to solar panels.
The project 'PV Active Roofs and Facades' is targeting the social housing sector and aims to disseminate effective profitable building integrated photovoltaic solutions in the form of either building integrated PV modules in the roof solutions or as part of general renovation projects and new construction.
The project aims to install a total of 2.6 mwp of BIPV solutions in housing associations. This project will contribute to the development and testing of new solutions, as well as the development of good business cases that can help to disseminate knowledge about the potential for installation of solar panels in the public sector.
Based on experience from the project, a number of recommendations have been made for solar power as part of the overall energy infratructure in Denmark and how the legislation in support of sustainable development in the area will look going forward. This work also includes experience from the project Low Cost Active House BIPV.
The project is targeted at professional developers and aims to promote the spread of BIPV solutions in residential and public buildings. The project partnership will do this by developing architecturally customized and cost effective solutions that fully or partially replace traditional roofing and facade materials, which are an integral part of an overall concept for the future Active House construction.
The solutions are demonstrated on major new construction and renovations in housing associations, businesses and municipalities. The focus will be on energy conservation and proven performance in accordance with international Active House specifications.
Based on experience from the project, a number of designated recommendations have been made for solar power as part of Denmark's overall energy and how the legislation can move forward in support of sustainable development in the area. This work also includes experience from the project PV Active Roofs and Facades.
Gate 21, Cenergia, Solar City Denmark, Association of Sustainable Cities and Buildings, Energimidt Infrastruktur A/S, the Institute of Technology, Aalborg University, Kuben Management and Solarplan.
The total project sum is 35 million DKK. The project is supported by ForskVE with 5.5 million DKK.
Gate 21 is the project owner and is responsible for the overall coordination of the project. Cenergia is the project manager and the project's technical coordinator.
Aalborg University, Cenergia, Kuben Management A/S, EnergiMidt A/S, Association of Sustainable Cities and Buildings, The Danish Technological Institute, Solarplan and Solar City Denmark.
The total project is 35 million DKK. The project is supported by ForskVE 6 million DKK.
of the total construction cost for setting up solar panels is offered in financial support.


One must know an international change means adventure. Moving to Mexico, specifically Mineral de Pozos, nine years ago, I considered the change to be historic and storybook. I recall sitting anywhere in my new residence, a miracle. The sounds of the birds, lots of birds, unusual. The burros whining at night, strange. The peacock making the most annoying noise, well, irritating. The junkers wobbling down the cobblestone, perhaps for the last time. All of it, waking senses I had never known. The beginning of a strange transformation.
Mineral de Pozos, or simply Pozos, sits on a river. Rivers mean movement in whatever form. I felt movement. Altering from what I knew of my somewhat perfect life in the USA, to this remarkable and challenging environment in authentic Mexico. Noticing new sounds, experiencing sweeping blue skies, fresh air full of bees and hummingbirds. Trash pick-up goes back in time with no standardization. The town loudspeaker announces to the people what needs to be conveyed, no newspaper exists. If your new baby needs vaccines, everyone knows it. Privacy has no boundaries here. Is it daunting? It can be for sure. Letting go and paradigm shifts are not easy. Applying American standards in Mexico is not at all useful or recommended unless you like to be in a constant state of distress.
Bob Marley said 'the stone that the builder refused, will be the head cornerstone'. So true. What we resist shall persist. I am learning in spades. To be clear, the definition of insanity is doing more of the same (someone brilliant quoted this but not sure who). I moved to Mineral de Pozos and Mexico to learn Spanish, get my kids away from the MAC store addiction, and to explore all of the stuff I had never yet experienced. I just took the leap. And so did my kids. Now I feel content, they are internationally minded entrepreneurs. A miracle I manifested. This was/is my only goal in coming here. The world needs creative, open-minded, adventurous souls, now more than ever.
Of course, I do consider myself to be an outspoken renegade of sorts and too old to try and couch who I am in any other package. The saga continues. The learning curve has leveled out. And, I do not regret any of it. I can help others on their journeys, living here, and understanding how to live in Mexico and allow the shifts required to enjoy the sunshine, the warm culture, the nuances of the people, the fabulous cuisine and great walks in the desert with mountain views.
Whether you rent or buy property, the adventure is the same. If you are not up for change and appreciating who you may become, stay put. If you want more information or just a conversation, shoot me an email. You can read a quick post on the basics to start you thinking and check out the easy Visa requirements to be informed on crossing the border.
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text:
Lesson 1: Changing Landscapes/
By the middle of the 1840s, Plains Indian tribes felt the impact of increasing traffic on the Overland Trail. Game was harder to find. Travelers used up grass for their horses and timber for their campfires. Anglo-American travelers, however, saw Indian tribes as an obstacle to the expansion of the United States across the continent.
In 1851, the U. S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs decided to conduct a Grand Council with the Plains tribes. The Superintendent of Indian Affairs, David Mitchell, sent messengers to invite the tribes to a meeting at Fort Laramie on the North Platte River. The council began on September 9.
It was a huge gathering. There were 7,000 lodges of Assiniboines, several bands of Lakotas (Sioux), Crows, Cheyennes, Blackfeet, Mandans, Hidatsas, and Arikaras. In addition to the Superintendent, interpreters, and Army officers, there was one white woman, Mrs. W. L. Elliott. Her presence demonstrated that the council was to be peaceful.
This was the first time the tribes had met in such a large and diverse group to discuss treaties with the U. S. government. Mr. Mitchell spoke to the gathering in English (See Document 1).
Document 1. Superintendent Mitchell spoke to the tribal leaders at Fort Laramie in 1851. He announced that their lives, traditions, and customs would change with this treaty.
In order that justice may be done to each nation, it is proposed that your country shall be divided into geographical districts – that the country and its limits shall be designated by such rivers, mountains, and lines, as will show what country each nation claims and where they are located. In doing this it is not intended to take any of your lands away from you, or to destroy your rights to hunt, or fish, or pass over the country, as heretofore. But it will be expected that each nation will be held responsible for depredations committed within its territory, unless it can be clearly shown that the people of some other country committed them, and then that nation will be held responsible – Your Great Father only desires to punish the guilty and reward the good, when a horse is stolen, or a scalp taken, or a woman or child carried off, or any other wrong done, he wants to find out who did it, and punish the bad men or nation; and the nation will be held responsible for the acts of its people.
Your condition is now changed from what it formerly was. In times past you had plenty of buffalo and game to subsist upon, and your Great Father well knows that war has always been your favorite amusement and pursuit. He then left the question of war and peace to yourselves. Now, since the settling of the districts West of you by the white man, your condition has changed, and your Great Father desires you will consider and prepare for the changes that await you.
He desires and it is now necessary that you should make and maintain peace between nations and bands as well as with the whites. Diseases, famine and the vices of bad white men are carrying your people off fast enough without the aid of war. Your Great Father desires to drive the bad white men out from amongst you, and I therefore expect you will freely give me the names of any bad men in your country.
Quoted in Stan Hoig, White Man's Paper Trail: Grand Councils and Treaty-Making on the Central Plains (p. 90)
His words were translated for each tribe. Each tribe had some time to speak to the council. Later, each tribe spoke individually with Superintendent Mitchell.
Mr. Mitchell asked each tribe to identify a "chief" who would sign for that tribe. The Lakotas objected, saying one man could not sign for them. Most tribes did not have a single chief. However, each tribe chose someone to have the honor of signing. Tribes usually made decisions in council after discussion or according to tradition. However, the treaty stated that the tribes agreed to faithfully follow their "chiefs" ("bind themselves to sustain said chiefs.")
The "chief" and the representatives of the government signed the Treaty of Fort Laramie of 1851 on September 17. The treaty was written in English. The federal representatives signed their names in English; the Indians made a mark next to the name they had given to the clerk (See Document 2).
Document 2: Treaty of Fort Laramie 1851
Document 2. This is the full text of the Treaty of Fort Laramie of 1851. One treaty divided the lands of the western plains among several tribes.
Treaty of Fort Laramie, 1851
Articles of a treaty made and concluded at Fort Laramie, in the Indian Territory, between D. D. Mitchell, superintendent of Indian affairs, and Thomas Fitzpatrick, Indian agent, commissioners specially appointed and authorized by the President of the United States, of the first part, and the chiefs, headmen, and braves of the following Indian nations, residing south of the Missouri River, east of the Rocky Mountains, and north of the lines of Texas and New Mexico, viz, the Sioux or Dahcotahs, Cheyennes, Arrapahoes, Crows. Assinaboines, Gros-Ventre Mandans, and Arrickaras, parties of the second part, on the seventeenth day of September, A. D. one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
The aforesaid nations, parties to this treaty. having assembled for the purpose of establishing and confirming peaceful relations amongst themselves, do hereby covenant and agree to abstain in future from all hostilities whatever against each other, to maintain good faith and friendship in all their mutual intercourse, and to make an effective and lasting peace.
The aforesaid nations do hereby recognize the right of the United States Government to establish roads, military and other posts, within their respective territories.
In consideration of the rights and privileges acknowledged in the preceding article, the United States bind themselves to protect the aforesaid Indian nations against the commission of all depredations by the people of the said United States, after the ratification of this treaty.
The aforesaid Indian nations do hereby agree and bind themselves to make restitution or satisfaction for any wrongs committed, after the ratification of this treaty, by any band or individual of their people, on the people of the United States, whilst lawfully residing in or passing through their respective territories.
The aforesaid Indian nations do hereby recognize and acknowledge the following tracts of country, included within the metes and boundaries hereinafter designated, as their respective territories, viz:
The territory of the Sioux or Dahcotah Nation, commencing the mouth of the White Earth River, on the Missouri River: thence in a southwesterly direction to the forks of the Platte River: thence up the north fork of the Platte River to a point known as the Red Bute, or where the road leaves the river; thence along the range of mountains known as the Black Hills, to the head-waters of Heart River; thence down Heart River to its mouth; and thence down the Missouri River to the place of beginning.
The territory of the Gros Ventre, Mandans, and Arrickaras Nations, commencing at the mouth of Heart River; thence up the Missouri River to the mouth of the Yellowstone River; thence up the Yellowstone River to the mouth of Powder River in a southeasterly direction, to the head-waters of the Little Missouri River; thence along the Black Hills to the head of Heart River, and thence down Heart River to the place of beginning.
The territory of the Assinaboin Nation, commencing at the mouth of Yellowstone River; thence up the Missouri River to the mouth of the Muscle-shell River; thence from the mouth of the Muscle-shell River in a southeasterly direction until it strikes the head-waters of Big Dry Creek; thence down that creek to where it empties into the Yellowstone River, nearly opposite the mouth of Powder River, and thence down the Yellowstone River to the place of beginning.
The territory of the Blackfoot Nation, commencing at the mouth of Muscle-shell River; thence up the Missouri River to its source; thence along the main range of the Rocky Mountains, in a southerly direction, to the head-waters of the northern source of the Yellowstone River; thence down the Yellowstone River to the mouth of Twenty-five Yard Creek; thence across to the head-waters of the Muscle-shell River, and thence down the Muscle-shell River to the place of beginning.
The territory of the Crow Nation, commencing at the mouth of Powder River on the Yellowstone; thence up Powder River to its source; thence along the main range of the Black Hills and Wind River Mountains to the head-waters of the Yellowstone River; thence down the Yellowstone River to the mouth of Twenty-five Yard Creek; thence to the head waters of the Muscle-shell River; thence down the Muscle-shell River to its mouth; thence to the head-waters of Big Dry Creek, and thence to its mouth.
The territory of the Cheyennes and Arrapahoes, commencing at the Red Bute, or the place where the road leaves the north fork of the Platte River; thence up the north fork of the Platte River to its source; thence along the main range of the Rocky Mountains to the head-waters of the Arkansas River; thence down the Arkansas River to the crossing of the Santa Fé road; thence in a northwesterly direction to the forks of the Platte River, and thence up the Platte River to the place of beginning.
It is, however, understood that, in making this recognition and acknowledgement, the aforesaid Indian nations do not hereby abandon or prejudice any rights or claims they may have to other lands; and further, that they do not surrender the privilege of hunting, fishing, or passing over any of the tracts of country heretofore described.
The parties to the second part of this treaty having selected principals or head-chiefs for their respective nations, through whom all national business will hereafter be conducted, do hereby bind themselves to sustain said chiefs and their successors during good behavior.
In consideration of the treaty stipulations, and for the damages which have or may occur by reason thereof to the Indian nations, parties hereto, and for their maintenance and the improvement of their moral and social customs, the United States bind themselves to deliver to the said Indian nations the sum of fifty thousand dollars per annum for the term of ten years, with the right to continue the same at the discretion of the President of the United States for a period not exceeding five years thereafter, in provisions, merchandise, domestic animals, and agricultural implements, in such proportions as may be deemed best adapted to their condition by the President of the United States, to be distributed in proportion to the population of the aforesaid Indian nations.*
It is understood and agreed that should any of the Indian nations, parties to this treaty, violate any of the provisions thereof, the United States may withhold the whole or a portion of the annuities mentioned in the preceding article from the nation so offending, until, in the opinion of the President of the United States, proper satisfaction shall have been made.
In testimony whereof the said D. D. Mitchell and Thomas Fitzpatrick commissioners as aforesaid, and the chiefs, headmen, and braves, parties hereto, have set their hands and affixed their marks, on the day and at the place first above written.
D. D. Mitchell
Thomas Fitzpatrick
Commissioners.
Sioux:
Mah-toe-wha-you-whey, his x mark.
Mah-kah-toe-zah-zah, his x mark.
Bel-o-ton-kah-tan-ga, his x mark.
Nah-ka-pah-gi-gi, his x mark.
Mak-toe-sah-bi-chis, his x mark.
Meh-wha-tah-ni-hans-kah, his x mark.
Cheyennes:
Wah-ha-nis-satta, his x mark.
Voist-ti-toe-vetz, his x mark.
Nahk-ko-me-ien, his x mark.
Koh-kah-y-wh-cum-est, his x mark.
Arrapahoes:
Bè-ah-té-a-qui-sah, his x mark.
Neb-ni-bah-seh-it, his x mark.
Beh-kah-jay-beth-sah-es, his x mark.
Crows:
Arra-tu-ri-sash, his x mark.
Doh-chepit-seh-chi-es, his x mark.
Assinaboines:
Mah-toe-wit-ko, his x mark.
Toe-tah-ki-eh-nan, his x mark.
Mandans and Gros Ventres:
Nochk-pit-shi-toe-pish, his x mark.
She-oh-mant-ho, his x mark.
Arickarees:
Koun-hei-ti-shan, his x mark.
Bi-atch-tah-wetch, his x mark.
In the presence of—
A. B. Chambers, secretary.
S. Cooper, colonel, U. S. Army.
R. H. Chilton, captain, First Drags.
Thomas Duncan, captain, Mounted Riflemen.
Thos. G. Rhett, brevet captain R. M. R.
W. L. Elliott, first lieutenant R. M. R.
C. Campbell, interpreter for Sioux.
John S. Smith, interpreter for Cheyennes.
Robert Meldrum, interpreter for the Crows.
H. Culbertson, interpreter for Assiniboines and Gros Ventres.
Francois L'Etalie, interpreter for Arick arees.
John Pizelle, interpreter for the Arrapahoes.
B. Gratz Brown.
Robert Campbell.
Edmond F. Chouteau.
*This treaty as signed was ratified by the Senate with an amendment changing the annuity in Article 7 from fifty to ten years, subject to acceptance by the tribes. Assent of all tribes except the Crows was procured (see Upper Platte C., 570, 1853, Indian Office) and in subsequent agreements this treaty has been recognized as in force.
From Charles Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties (1899 – 1902).
The treaty did not assign the tribes to reservations. However, the treaty did map the locations assigned to each tribe for their villages and hunting. According to the plan of the federal representatives, the tribes were to stay within their territory and not enter the lands of another tribe to hunt or raid. They were to live in "peaceful relations amongst themselves." The tribes that signed the treaty agreed to allow the federal government to establish roads within these territories.
In exchange for their agreement to the terms of the treaty, the tribes were supposed to receive $50,000 per year for 50 years. When the United States Senate reviewed and ratified (approved) the treaty in 1852, the term of annuity payments was reduced to 10 years. The President was given the responsibility to send supplies for farming and other use ("merchandise") as he believed the tribes might need.
This treaty gave each tribe of the northern Plains a separate territory in which the tribe remained "sovereign." The tribes were protected from white settlement and did not have to submit to the territorial or state government. Their limited sovereignty, however, was supervised by the federal government which now had an official relationship with each of the tribes that signed the paper.
The promises of peace in the treaty were soon broken by the federal government, the tribes, and settlers. The Treaty of Fort Laramie was the first, but not the last, treaty to be written and broken as the lands of the Lakotas, Mandans, Arikaras, and Hidatsas were changed to suit the needs of towns, railroads, farmers, and the government.
The Treaty of Fort Laramie tried to change the culture of leadership among the Plains tribes. However, the tribes did not change their culture or political customs because the federal government asked them to.
Though the treaty did not establish reservations, the territories assigned to the tribes would later be used to establish reservations that were eventually reduced in size.
Why is this important? The Treaty of Fort Laramie of 1851 made many changes in both the culture and the territory of Plains Indian tribes. Some tribes, such as the Hidatsa, were assigned to their traditional homelands. Others, such as the Assiniboine, were sent to land that was unfamiliar to them.
Section 3: Allotment ›