text:
September 1, 1992 ~ laura
It was more than thirty miles from where Carol lived to the city; forty by the mountain highway. Carol worked in an office in the city, and commuted the distance willingly every day. It would have made more sense for her to live in the city, or at least in a suburb closer to work, but she liked the neighborhood she lived in, and the commute didn't bother her. In fact, if she traveled on the mountain highway it was almost enjoyable. Often while commuting, the rolling sweep of the road through the hills had a calming effect on Carol, helping her to relax after a long day, hypnotizing her to the point where she didn't even mind the time she spent on the road. With the exception of the occasional deer which wandered out onto the road, there were few other disturbances on the long trip from the city to home, even during rush hour.
On this night Carol had stayed in the city long past rush hour. She had a date tonight, dinner at a little restaurant and coffee at a cafe next door. The gentleman she had been with worked in the office next to her; they had seen each other almost daily in the elevator and exchanged jokes and polite comments for months before she got up the bravado to ask him out. She had been more than impressed with him tonight as he revealed himself to be literate and outspoken, easy to talk to and quick with a joke. She had had a wonderful time, and had he offered to let her stay at his place, she would have gone. But it wasn't altogether disappointing that he hadn't; there would be future dates, and future chances.
It was almost midnight when she started home, and on a midweek night there was almost no one else traveling on Carol's route. It had been a wonderful evening, and she felt relaxed and happy. It was dark on the freeway, foggy and cold, and she drove with the window open, the wind blowing in her hair, a tape on the radio blasting into the night. She sang along, off key, missing some of the lyrics and volunteering both lead and backup vocals. She drove fast and messily, with one hand, staying only marginally within the lane, and watching the fog roll over the freeway as if someone was standing by the edge of the road and blowing it out into her path. If she unfocussed her eyes she could almost see ghosts dancing in the fog before her, illuminated in the brights, running to hide as her car tore through them.
Suddenly, a dark shape appeared before her on the road, and Carol's eyes snapped back into focus. She couldn't tell what had wandered out into the freeway, she came upon it so quickly, but it was big, and black, and made no attempt to get out of her way.
She was going much too fast to be able to avoid it, but she wrenched the steering wheel to the side to try, slamming her weight down on the brakes at the same time. Agonizingly, she heard a thud, her car rocking on its tires in rebound, and she let out a short scream as her car came to a sudden halt.
Her car had stopped in the middle of the freeway some distance beyond where she had hit the creature. Carol's heart was beating in her ears, drowning out the sound of the music still blaring. She reached over angrily and snapped it off. Breathing hard, she gripped the steering wheel in both hands, took several deep breaths to calm herself and looked behind her in the rear view mirror. There was only darkness behind her, dimly lit by the red glow of her brake lights. She could not see far enough behind her to see what she had hit.
Carol pulled over to the side of the road, and got slowly out of the car. Her knees were weak under her and she supported herself with her hands on the side of the car as she crossed around the front to the corner where she had hit the creature. The fender was dented, but it was a strange, even dent. She had hit a dog several years ago, and the dent on her car then had been smeared with blood and bits of fur. This dent was clean, as if she had hit a wall or another car, rather than a creature with flesh and bones.
Carol looked back along the road, into the darkness. Leaving the keys in the ignition, she got a flashlight out of the glove compartment, and began walking along the shoulder of the freeway back towards where she had hit the creature. She had to see what she had hit, to see if it was still alive, to see what she could do.
It was quiet and cold as she walked, slightly foggy, with no wind. She noted a call box along the side of the road; if she had killed whatever she had hit she could call for help. Twenty-five yards, forty she walked, flashing the beam of the light all along the shoulder and into the first lane of the freeway to try and see what was there. If when she had hit it the creature had been thrown out into the other lanes of the freeway, she would not have been able to see it.
Finally, far ahead, a dark shape lay huddled on the shoulder, and Carol squinted, focussing her flashlight on it as she walked closer. She drew up next to the creature and stood looking at it. It was black, whatever it was, big, and covered with long matted fur. It wasn't a deer, and it didn't look like a dog. Carol stepped still closer and played the beam of the flashlight over it. It was lying on its side, its hindquarters pulled up into its chest. It looked slightly ape-like. It was unlike any creature Carol had ever seen or read about. Puzzled, she nudged it with the toe of her boot. It did not move.
Holding her breath, she reached with her foot and turned it over onto its back. Its arms, long, hairy, with thin spindly fingers, fell to either side of its body. Carol stood back up again, her heart beginning to beat heavily again as she looked over the creature.
It was short, and stout, with long arms and legs. Its head appeared to be joined directly to its body without needing a neck. The head was the only part of its body not covered with hair; the skin on the scalp was scaly and pink. The eyes, which were closed, were huge. Its jaw, slightly agape, was full of sharp teeth. What was this creature? Where did it come from? What had she found?
Bending even further forward over the body, Carol realized that the body was unhurt, that there were no signs that it had ever been hit. There was no blood, nothing broken, nothing out of the ordinary, at least for a creature that was as odd looking as this one was.
Maybe its playing dead, she thought to herself, and as the thought crossed her mind, the creature opened its eyes and looked up at her, the beam of the flashlight reflected on its black eyes. Carol drew a breath to shriek but the creature reached up faster than she could pull back, took the front of her clothes in one hand and then ripped the scream and her throat out with the other.
The flashlight fell to the ground, shattered and went out as Carol fell heavily to her knees. On her knees she was about the same height as the creature, who now climbed up on its hind legs, her clothes still clutched in its hand. Carol's vision faded in and out as the creature looked at her; surprisingly the pain was not as bad as she would have expected. The creature frowned, or at least, it made a face. Carol could not fathom the thought or intention behind the expression. Loosening its grip, it pushed Carol sideways, letting her fall to the pavement, her legs too weak to support her body. She landed on her jaw, and it splintered, and then she felt the pain, but she could not open her mouth wide enough to scream, so the sound she made was more of a pitiful moan. She had fallen on her side, and she could feel the warmth of her blood as it ran down the incline of the pavement past her cheek. She tried to gasp, but she could not draw air into her lungs. She looked up at the creature who was still looking at her with the big eyes, eyes with no irises, just endless fluid black. The creature looked at her impartially, and then turned away from her, walking with a low shamble back along the shoulder the way she had come, back towards her own car.
Carol's vision darkened, and the pain overcame her. Tears formed and blurred in her eyes as she blinked to try and see what was going on She tried to push herself up onto her hands, but her muscles were frozen. As she died, she heard the engine start in her car, and watched as the lights in her car came on and it pulled off of the shoulder and vanished down the freeway road into the fog.
Posted in fiction
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More than 6,300 students worldwide took part in a library-based study commissioned by ebrary to determine their attitudes towards digital reading. Not only were the numbers higher than expected for that student demographic, the attitudes in favor of digital reading were higher in the UK than for students of a similar age bracket in other countries.
Over 85% of the students who responded indicated that they read an ebook on average at least ten hours per week, compared with only 52% of survey participants globally. While 10% of the UK students reported never reading an ebook, that number jumped to 46% for global students.
In the same survey, 38% of students from other countries did not know that their local libraries loaned ebooks, compared with only six percent in the UK, lending a lot of weight to Sayar's assessment that UK students just may be more familiar with where and how to access digital titles.
Following this initial survey, data collected on more than 200 students from several other universities will follow.


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Q: unable to redirect to dynamic url present inside var in anchor tag I have stored my url path in variables in the controller and I want to redirect to dynamic URLs inside variable when the user clicks on anchor tag but I am unable to do that. Kindly help me.
Below is the code that I have tried already
     public JsonResult SendDocumentEmail(UploadReportsViewModel vmodel)
            {
                var model = new UploadReportsViewModel();
                using (var documentBal = new UploadReportsBal())
                {
                    model = documentBal.GetUploadReportsById(vmodel.UploadReportID);

                }

              var fname=  model.FileName;
                var fpath = model.DocumentPath.Replace("~", "");

                var rmodel = new RecordsViewModel();
                using (var objbal = new RecordsBal())
                {
                    rmodel = objbal.GetRecordsById(Convert.ToInt64(model.DocumentNo), SessionWrapper.SessionUser[0].AB_MainID);
                }

                var abmodel = new AB_MainViewModel();
                using (var objbal = new AB_MainBal())
                {
                    abmodel = objbal.GetAB_MainById(Convert.ToInt64(rmodel.ClientID));
                }
                var url = Request.Url.Host;

                //" Link to Retrun of Service"
                MailHelper.SendMailMessage("jyoti.tretha@spadezgroup.com","sweetjt.jyoti@gmail.com", "sweetjt.jyoti@gmail.com","Important Announcement", "Thanks for Registering your account.
please verify your email id by clicking the link
 Link to Return of Service ", "", "");

                return Json(new { model }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
            }

A: I'm fairly certain you need to use some sort of trigger to update the value. Try this and get back to me if it works out.
 var url = Request.Url.Host;
Link to Return of Service

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Baruklitteraturen är en omfattande litteratur som tillskrivits profeten Jeremias vän och biograf Baruk, son till Neria. Den omfattar bland annat:
 Baruks bok, som räknas till de deuterokanoniska skrifterna eller apokryferna
 Andra Baruksboken, som ingår bland Assyriska kyrkans apokryfer
 Tredje Baruksboken (även känd som den grekiska Baruksapokalypsen), som räknas till pseudepigraferna
 Den Baruksbok som citeras av Hippolytos i Refutationes, men som i övrigt har gått förlorad, och som räknas till pseudepigraferna

Bibeln

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Lock screen w/ slock after a certain time? I am running OpenBox in Arch Linux, how can I set it up so that I can have slock lock my screen after a certain amount of time (with no activity)?
Thanks!

A: (I assume you mean after a certain amount of time with no activity)
slock doesn't have that capability built-in; you have to use another tool that watches X and tracks how long there's been no activity. For example, using xautolock with a delay of 15 minutes:
$ xautolock -time 15 -locker slock


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Tag: licensing
Books Education Legal
A great guide to GPL for WordPress developers
No Comments on A great guide to GPL for WordPress developers
Light Reading by Martin, licensed CC BY 2.0
Richard Best has a terrific guide to GPL for WordPress developers along the lines of the famously simple "human readable" Creative Commons license explanations on his site, WP and Legal Stuff, in his post titled "A human readable summary of the GPL". He actually has two versions, both of which are worth taking a look at. I like his version modelled on the CC license explanation format:
A human readable summary of the GPL by Richard Best
Best has also published "A Practical Guide to WordPress and GPL" and it is available in three packages. The top package is the "business package" which includes –
access to a terms of use builder through which you can build draft online terms of use for your WordPress commercial themes or plugins shop, with open and honest GPL licensing as well as protections for your business.
The terms of use builder isn't exactly revolutionary but what I like about it is that it is designed for a specific niche: WordPress theme and plugin developers who license their products under GPL. Best also released a demonstration video which reveals a nice, clean interface and a great looking end result. You'll have to view the video either in his blog post or the promo page for the ebook packages.
The standalone ebook option is a little pricey at $25 for the PDF but if you consider the cost of legal advice on the topic, it is probably worth it.
Image credit: Light Reading by Martin, licensed CC BY 2.0
Tags ebook, explanation, gpl, guide, how to, licensing, wordpress
This is what is wrong with the modern Olympics
No Comments on This is what is wrong with the modern Olympics
Tags licensing, olympics, regional restrictions
Entertainment Legal Mindsets
iPod users in South Africa are criminals: an appeal to the local music industry
43 Comments on iPod users in South Africa are criminals: an appeal to the local music industry
Virtually everywhere you go you see the characteristic white earbuds that are attached to an iPod of some description. iPods fly off the shelves and have become synonymous with portable audio players both here in South Africa and elsewhere and yet most people who use iPods here in South Africa are criminals! This may seem a little strong but it really isn't. Leaving aside the few people who download music illegally from the Web, it is probably fair to say that most iPod (and other portable music player users) have ripped their CD collections (CDs which they spent a small fortune acquiring over time) onto their iPods so that they can listen to their music at gym, while they travel to work or wherever they are. It is far more convenient to carry one device with a few hundred albums stored digitally than it is to carry a few hundred CDs around.
Unfortunately, rippping music from CDs that you buy is illegal. Doing so is a violation of copyright that vests in the artists, music publishers or record companies that have come to own the rights in those CDs and while you are permitted certain private uses of certain items subject to copyright, copying a CD you bought onto your iPod is a right you do not enjoy and when you do that, you commit a copyright violation each time a song is transferred off the CD. It is a good idea to take a look at the fine print on the CD case of one of the CDs you have on your shelf you may see wording like this:
All the rights of the producer and of the owner of the work reproduced reserved. Unauthorised copying, public performance, broadcasting and hiring out directly or indirectly of this recording is prohibited.
When it comes to copyright in sound recordings (like a CD), the Copyright Act has the following to say:
9. Nature of copyright in sound recordings
Copyright in a sound recording vests the exclusive right to do or to authorize the doing of any of the following acts in the Republic:
(a) Making, directly or indirectly, a record embodying the sound recording;
(b) letting, or offering or exposing for hire by way of trade, directly or indirectly, a reproduction of the sound recording;
(c) broadcasting the sound recording;
(d) causing the sound recording to be transmitted in a diffusion service, unless that service transmits a lawful broadcast, including the sound recording, and is operated by the original broadcaster;
(e) communicating the sound recording to the public.
[S. 9 substituted by s. 6 of Act 56/80, amended by s. 7 of Act 52/84 and s. 2 of Act 61/89 and substituted by s. 2 of Act 9/2002]
What this means is that unless you have been given permission by the copyright owner, you may not do any of the things described in this section of the Copyright Act. When you rip your CDs to your iPod, you are clearly making a copy of the CD and that is a copyright infringement. Although some countries have a principle of "fair use" which could include making a copy of the CD for your personal use or for payments to the recording industry based on sales of portable audio players like iPods (a deal to pay
Universal a few dollars for every Zune sold was reached between Microsoft and Universal recently), no such thing exists in South Africa. Instead, people who buy iPods and other portable audio players are expected to respect the rights of copyright holders and this means that only music or audio files which are not subject to copyright or in respect of which you have permission to copy them to your device may be copied to your iPod.
The question then becomes, what's the point? At present South Africans do not have access to the iTunes Store where they may buy music for their iPod, legally. The legal music download sites in South Africa sell popular music in Windows Media Audio format which is incompatible with the iPod and ripping that music to your iPod may well also be a violation of copyright. That leaves law abiding iPod users with little content to legally copy to their devices and the whole idea of having an iPod goes out the window because we are back to carrying stacks of CDs with us everywhere we go because that is the only legal way we can listen to our music.
The music industry in South Africa is clearly behind the times. The industry may throw up its hands and point to the Copyright Act which criminalises any unauthorised use of the music they sell but that is disingenuous because it is within the power of the copyright holders in the music industry to grant permission to people who legally buy the music they sell the permission to copy the music for their personal use. This would includes copy the CDs to their iPods. The only people these limitations really affect are those people who are concerned that they not infringe on copyright. People who disregard copyright are buying music from AllofMP3.com and other arguably illegal music download sites. The alternative that law abiding iPod owners have is not to buy music subject to copyright and to rather seek out music that is published under Creative Commons or which is not restricted. While there is certainly a movement towards publishing music under Creative Commons, the recording industry as a whole is not going to embrace this model in a hurry. As one music publisher pointed out to me, there is simply not enough money in publishing music under Creative Commons. I think there is simply not enough imagination in the recording industry.
We are becoming more digital and moving away from traditional forms of media. This includes CDs and DVDs. The recording industry is simply not keeping up with technological developments and is, in fact, trying desperately to turn back the clock. The unfortunate result here in South Africa is that most of those people you see listening to music on their iPods or other portable audio players are committing a crime everytime they skip to the next song and every time they rip music from a CD they just bought onto their iPod so they can take all the music they love with them when they walk out the door on their iPods and leave their expensive CD collection at home, where it is safe.
So what is the answer? The music industry needs to recognise that iPods are here to stay. They are the most popular portable audio players in the world (well, most of it anyway) and they are the chosen means of carrying around the music that law abiding people buy with their hard earned money. If we are going to have to wait for an iTunes Store where we can buy all that music online and legally, then at the very least, grant us a license to play the music we buy on CD, on our iPods. Let us fill that need and be legal.
Tags: ipod, copyright, sound recordings, copyright infringement, zune, criminals, ipod users, license changes, music industry
Tags copyright act, copyright infringement, ipod, licensing, music

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
HomeFinancial MarketsFarmmi Inc. (FAMI) stock soars during pre-market. What has been happening lately?
Farmmi Inc. (FAMI) stock soars during pre-market. What has been happening lately?
By Mahnoor Shah
Farmmi Inc. (NASDAQ: FAMI) stock gained by 2.1% at last close, while the FAMI stock price rises further by 1.5% in the pre-market trading. Farmmi, Inc. (NASDAQ: FAMI), based in Lishui, Zhejiang, is a supplier, manufacturer, and distributor of Shiitake mushrooms, Mu Er mushrooms, and other edible fungus, as well as other agricultural goods.
Recent Development in FAMI stock
Farmmi said that its subsidiary Zhejiang Forest Food received a new product contract for its popular dried black fungus from an old client. Farmmi's products will be sent to Vancouver, Canada, by the customer.
3 Best Food Stocks to Buy Now
Restaurant Stocks You Should Be Considering
For generations, black fungus mushrooms have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to aid reduce heart disease, as well as to protect the liver, decrease cholesterol, improve gastrointestinal health, and reduce inflammation. The protein-rich mushrooms, sometimes known as Cloud Ear or Tree Ear fungus, are full of fiber and mineral-dense, including manganese, selenium, iron, and other minerals. Black fungus is also full of antioxidants and a great choice of riboflavin and niacin.
The global mushroom market is projected to expand a value of US$86.6 billion by 2025, according to Research and Markets, with a CAGR of 8.3% from 2020 to 2025. Aside from the health advantages, numerous improvements in mushroom packaging technology are a key driver in mushroom growth. Manufacturers are working on humidity-controlling packaging materials that will keep water from condensing on mushrooms, extending their shelf life. Other factors, such as increased organic food use, fast urbanization, and rising consumer expenditure capabilities, are expected to fuel the industry even more.
Ms. Yefang Zhang, FAMI Stock Chairwoman and CEO, stated,
FAMI customer base continues to grow as they provide more value with their industry-leading packing and logistics to assure product quality, taste, and waste minimization. They're working to accelerate Farmmi's revenue growth and overall expansion by using their huge scale to meet increasing demand levels throughout the world. They expect their rapid pace of growth, fueled by drivers like as health and wellbeing, expert and ambitious cooks, and an increase in total mushroom consumption.
Mahnoor Shah
Why OncoCyte Corporation (OCX) stock couldn't hold on to its gains in the after-hours on Tuesday?
Why did Spero Therapeutics Inc. (SPRO) stock perform well on Friday?
Here is why G Medical Innovations Holdings Ltd (GMVD) stock surged on Thursday?
Here is why Puma Biotechnology Inc. (PBYI) stock recovered its early loss in the after-hours on Wednesday?
Why Nam Tai Property Inc. (NTP) stock went down in the after-hours on Tuesday?


Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off on HAPPY HALLOWEEN!
Spent the day with our friends Dan and Kathy and their two beautiful children doing halloweenie things in halloween town. It was actually alot of fun.. but I think that had a lot to do with the fact that I really really like Dan and Kathy and their kids a whole lot. I'm really glad they moved back to Massachusetts and hope to see alot more of them.
We found a new playground today that we LOVE. Alex can do all the slides by himself. We had a blast. Best thing is.. its about a 3 minute walk from our house. Its on the college campus and we never knew it was there.
Thursday was the Salem Grand Parade to kick off Halloween. It was fun! Alex likes to dance to the marching bands. We didnt get alot of pictures.. we spent most of the time either dancing with Alex or chasing him (our little ball of energy!) but here are a couple photos of Alex at daycare and at the parade in this years Halloween costume, a pirate!
When we lived in Jamaica Plain, we lived on the top floor of a triple decker. We had this great roofdeck.. and we had great neighbors that we shared it with for several years. One year, Ciara and Jenny grew a forest of tomatoes up there. We laughed alot because there was barely room for anything but tomatoes. There was alot of tomato sauce that year. We shared many a beer and cigarettes on that roof deck with Ciara.
We just found out that Ciara Durkin was killed in Afghanistan. It is possible (from what I am reading in the news reports and comments from her family) that she was killed because she was a lesbian. One bullet through the head, in a non-combat situation, wearing civilian clothing, near the church she worshipped at. There has been a call from Senator Kennedy and Senator Kerry for a full investigation. There is no way she committed suicide.
Dave and I are very sad to hear this news. Ciara was.. awesome. She was sweet and kind and helpful. She gave so much of herself to everyone around her. Including all the animals she used to feed from our front porch (this only became a problem when the skunks wanted to be fed, haha). She especially loved the bunny family she shared with her parner Jenny, the bunnies even had their own room.
Although we havent spoken to Ciara in a couple of years.. we definitely thought about her and treasure the time we were able to know her.


text:
KSA signs construction contract for world's (newest) tallest tower
Doha News Team
A Saudi Arabian company has signed a construction contract to build Kingdom Tower, a $1.2 billion project that, upon completion, will measure more than 3,300 feet – twice the size of Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest building.
Kingdom Holding, controlled by billionaire Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, has been talking about the building since 2008. It is to be part of the first phase of Kingdom City, a large mixed-use development north of Jeddah.
The latest plans are scaled down from those in previous reports, which claimed the tower would stand at 5,000 feet tall and cost $30 billion.
The National reports:
Some analysts question if the project makes economic sense.
"I'm not sure whether a tower that tall is needed in the Jeddah market," said John Harris, the co-head of the Saudi Arabia office for Jones Lang LaSalle, the consultancy.
"I think while Kingdom City is going to be very attractive, I'm not sure there is the depth of demand for office and residential space that tall."
But there is more involved in the decision to build a super-tall tower than economics, analysts note.
Tall towers "bring attention to not just the building but all the parties involved and the city and the country", said William Maibusch, the country representative in Qatar for the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. "There is a lot of positive spin off."
No dates for the start of the project have been released, though construction is expected to take five years.
What do you guys think? Does the Gulf need another tall tower?
Study: HIV infections rising in some Middle East countries, fueled by sex between men
Prison chief gives rare insight into life inside Qatar's jail


text:
Category Archives: Turkey
A Note on NATO's Rogue Turkish Dictatorship
Posted by commart in 21st Century Feudal, 21st Century Modern, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Conflict - Culture - Language - Psychology, Eurasia, Political Psychology, Russia, Turkey
Frontier in Time, medieval v modern, Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
Committee to Protect Journalists, Turkey | Freedom House, Turkey
From the Mavi Mamara Incident forward, the west and Israel have bent over backward — and plainly looked away from — President Tayyip Recep Erdogan's bent for self-aggrandizing absolutism, Islamist ambitions, and traitorous anti-western defense and security behavior. To my mind, the present course was set when the Turkish president caved to Vladimir Putin over the shooting down of a Russian Sukhoi Su-24 (November 24, 2015) that had overflown Turkish airspace. At first, and for some months, Erdogan refused apology for the incident, but leveraged by the Turkish Stream energy project he caved. Not only had he given in to Putin on the matter but turned to threaten the U.S. presence at Incirlik (albeit in association with a failed 2016 coup), bought into Russia's anti-NATO air defense technology (S300/400 SAM batteries [news released December 2017]), before proceeding to march forward into the past with the transformation of Turkey into a feudal estate, another kleptocratic family-run business (see for example Craig Shaw's "President Erdogan's family in secret offshore ship deal" [The Black Sea, May 26, 2017]) among states, and goad to western interests and modernity.
Today, Erdogan's idea of a Turkish state appears to be involved in aggression or conflict on two fronts, at least, i.e., in the Azerbaijan conflict with Armenian in-holders in the Caucuses and in the Mediterranean Basin where energy appears to tempt the not-so-Ottoman wannabee.
Journalist and political analyst Seth J. Frantzman posted this recap recently:
Turkey has been threatening Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, the UAE, Libya, Greece, France, Armenia, Syria, Iraq and other countries in recent months. Turkey has also bombed Iraq, sent extremists into Syria to ethnically-cleanse Kurds, Yazidis and Christians, encouraged Azerbaijan to attack Armenia, sent Syrian extremists to Azerbaijan to attack Armenia, claimed that Jerusalem belongs to Ankara and that Turkish-backed Islamists will "liberate" Jerusalem, hosted Hamas terrorists, exported Syrian rebels to Libya, threatened a French warship, flown drones near Greek islands, used a Russian S-400 system to threaten Greek planes, harassed a Greek F-16, and also sought to involve itself in the US election.
Frantzman, Seth J. "Growing consensus against Turkey's threats to Greece — analysis." The Jerusalem Post, October 13, 2020.
Of course, Putin has put Erdogan right where he wants him, i.e., deeply rooted in the medieval world, its familial and tribal habits, its disingenuous methods, and its unbridled lusts for aggrandizement, power, and wealth without bounds, not that Putin's own approaches and practices differ all that much.
If there is such a thing as a medieval world and worldview, may there be another idea and spirit that is democratic, modern, multicultural, responsible, and responsive to its humanity?
Five to ten years ago, the question would have been superfluous — of course there's a modern world (and a hyper-modern west) and the economic and social engines of Europe and North America happily reside in it.
Today, however, with an autocrat in America's White House and such European states as Hungary, Italy, and Poland given to fascination with resurgent nationalism or narcissistic singular leadership (and the partial return of the idea of the state as a family-run business), the path toward a greater modernity would seem questionable. On the other side of Azerbaijan's moan — and Azerbaijan appears a culturally modern and multicultural state beneath the sway of feudal family power — resides a part of Putin's world characterized by absolutism plus centralized control not only of government and politics but of family and associated mafia-style power as well. His has become a world devoid of conscience (well demonstrated in Syria) and happy to manipulate other malign narcissists (one should count President Erdogan among the world's complement of dictators at the disposal of the greater power) for the purpose of turning a few extra dollars in defense sales and perhaps obtaining some favors as well.
Armenia appears no less modern a European culture, but it may have an issue with land-gobbling and Azerbaijani-sovereignty-challenging Armenian separatists and settlers that have persisted in sustaining the Nagorno-Karabakh region as a bloody — and bloody feudal "nationalist" — frontier. Instead of pursuing a modern cooperative multicultural course in development, the retrograde Russian and Turkish presidents have chosen to urge the reinvention of the 19th Century zeitgeist (or that of earlier centuries) in the 21st far at the expense of Armenian and Azerbaijani civilians now paying twice for the privilege, i.e., first as taxed for the purchasing of arms and again — as conflict escalates — as each becomes the receiver of the dark fruits thrown (and forces advanced) by the other.
For the less sophisticated, a frontier is a place between places; for the more cognizant, a frontier is a region in time between two ways of living.
Medieval v Modern
Shall Nagorno-Karabakh remain medieval in its character in total or might it become modern, tolerant, and resilient against the fears, forces, and powers dominant in what should have been a rapidly receding past?
The belligerents would do well to turn around and fight the past while fighting for an updated (modern!) cultural and politically progressing future.
Related Online
Of course there's plenty "related online" but I've thought here to relay just two quotations and URLs in a manner suited to somewhat impatient blogging. 🙂
In recent months, Azerbaijan's and Armenia's foreign ministers met several times and pledged to prepare their populations for peace. Meanwhile, the Azerbaijani community of Nagorno-Karabakh has repeatedly reached out to the region's Armenian community for peaceful reconciliation, while Azerbaijan's government pledged to ensure the security of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians and recognize their right to the highest level of self-determination within Azerbaijan's international borders. The Armenian government, however, disregards very idea of negotiations on the de-occupation of Azerbaijan's occupied territories, which constitutes the cornerstone of the entire process. The process was aggravated by a controversial statement from Armenia's National Security Director Arthur Vanetsian that "none [in Armenia] will surrender even an inch of land." In Azerbaijan, this was received as clear evidence of Armenia's direct participation in the annexation of Azerbaijani territories.
https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/13576-armenias-approach-to-conflict-settlement-leads-to-deadlock.html 6 /27/2019
Turkey's active involvement on the side of Azerbaijan adds a new complicating factor. Presidents Erdoğan and Putin may try to impose a new settlement on Armenians and Azerbaijanis that suits their own interests but is careless of humanitarian principles and the claims of both countries to be part of Europe. Lenin and Ataturk did this in the Caucasus exactly a century ago in 1920-1.
Or else Europeans, and perhaps a post-Trump United States, may try to convene a multilateral peace conference, first mooted in 1992, to resolve the conflict, seeking to respect people's needs and the differing claims of international law.
That looks distant now. At the moment the only people who are celebrating are extreme nationalists, Erdoğan's Turkey – and Russia's defence industry which has supplied both sides with arms and will be ready to give them more as soon as they start to run out of weapons of death.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/oct/10/war-edge-europe-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-armenia-azerbaijan 10/10/2020
National Security Analyst Irina Tsukerman Explains the Conflict Between Armenia and Azerbaijan Over Nogorno-Karabakh
Posted by commart in 21st Century Feudal, 21st Century Modern, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Conflict - Culture - Language - Psychology, Eurasia, Russia, Turkey
Energy Transit Area, Eurasian Conflict, Nogorno-Karabakh
Posted to YouTube by ATZMedia Official October 13, 2020.
Reference | Irina Tsukerman: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/experts/view/irina-tsukerman#bio
One giant chunk of asphalt landed on the roof of Sergei's block of flats. He accuses Azerbaijan's closest ally, Turkey, of fuelling the war and encouraging the violence. To counter that, many in Nagorno-Karabakh want Russia to side openly with Armenia and provide military support. Sergei doesn't believe that will happen.
"I used to respect [President Vladimir] Putin," he says, "but he betrayed us long ago.
"He does business with Turkey. He's building them a nuclear power station. What Putin needs to realise is that if we're destroyed, the whole of the Caucasus and southern Russia will end up under Turkish rule. If we die, so will Russia."
10/14/2020/0500/GMT -4
Related Online: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/14/red-cross-says-hundreds-of-thousands-affected-live-updates (10/14/2020)| https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/13/opinions/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-we-cant-ignore-bociurkiw/index.html (10/13/2020)
Posted to YT by Al Jazeera English, October 14, 2020.
Note: Nagorno-Karabakh hosts gas and oil pipelines between sources and world markets (e.g., ref., https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-energy/energy-markets-on-edge-over-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-idUSKBN26J225 9/28/2020).
Wikipedia. "Nagorno-Karabakh".
(Putin) | Erdogan | Trump
Posted by commart in 21st Century Feudal, American Domestic Affairs, North America, Political Psychology, Turkey, United States of America
authoritarianism, Democracy RIP, dictatorship, east-west amity, Erdogan and Trump
Posted by RT for the Dedication of Moscow's Grand Mosque – 2015.
Posted by CBS News to YouTube November 13, 2019.
Is "Winter" coming — or is it already here?
Listen to the high notes: Arms Deals, Trade Deals, Expanding Markets.
Mentioned: Turkey's participation in the building of the F-35 air frame. While that mention may score points with the less informed public, Turkey's participation in NATO defense manufacturing in relation to the American fighter jet program has created heat and a now discomfiting defense relationship. The following description of the depth of Turkey's participation in the F-35 Program tells why:
Eight Turkish companies make parts for the fuselage, landing gear and cockpit displays of the aircraft, according to Lockheed Martin. Some of them have been producing F-35 parts since 2004. For example, Fokker Elmo manufactures 40 percent of the F-35's electrical wiring and interconnection system.
These companies are set to do $12 billion in work on the F-35 program over the life of the jet, according to USNI News.
https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2019/05/13/Pentagon-looks-for-new-vendors-to-replace-F-35-parts-made-in-Turkey/7021557756044/
WASHINGTON — The Pentagon is preparing to transfer Turkey's industrial participation in the F-35 to other countries unless Ankara reverses course on its plans to buy the Russian S-400 air defense system.
The move — which in early 2020 would end contracts with major Turkish defense contractors such as Turkish Aerospace Industries, Roketsan and Tusas Engine Industries, among many others — is just one of many steps the U.S. Defense Department intends to take to strip Turkey from the F-35 program, according to a June 6 letter from acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan.
https://www.defensenews.com/air/2019/06/07/turkish-suppliers-to-be-eliminated-from-f-35-program-in-2020/ – June 7, 2019.
On the F-35 matter, the White House noted in July, " Unfortunately, Turkey's decision to purchase Russian S-400 air defense systems renders its continued involvement with the F-35 impossible. The F-35 cannot coexist with a Russian intelligence collection platform that will be used to learn about its advanced capabilities."
Freedom House metrics involving civil liberties and political rights rates Erdogan's Turkey as "Not Free". On the matter of Freedom of Speech, a matter that President Trump has baldly attacked with the accusation "Fake News!" aimed at America's responsible mainstream media, Erdogan's state has made itself notorious for the inhibition and jailing of Turkey's journalists. Wikipedia's "Censorship in Turkey" tells that story.
Long overdue to give up fiction that Erdogan's Turkey is an ally in practice. US should withdraw all nuclear weapons, reduce reliance on Turkey's bases, and restrict intelligence sharing and arms sales. Should also articulate red lines in Syria. https://t.co/rWB0AhwRS3
— Richard N. Haass (@RichardHaass) October 13, 2019
More recently, Jay Nordlinger writing for The National Review ("Turkey, NATO, and a Shifting World", November 12, 2019), notes that Erdogan, perhaps responding to Putin's lead in the encouragement of xenophobia in the still liberal and open democracies of EU/NATO, has leverage:
Erdogan has a card to play against Europe, as he confirmed in a speech on October 10. That card is a refugee card, the threat of a flood. There are 3.6 million Syrian refugees in Turkey. "Come to your senses," he told the EU in that speech, given to his party in Ankara. "I will say this once again: If you try to label our current operation an occupation, our job becomes easier: We will open the gates and send the 3.6 million refugees to you."
Despite this threat, several EU nations have responded to Operation Peace Spring, imposing arms embargoes on Turkey. These nations include Germany, France, Sweden, and Finland.
https://www.nationalreview.com/2019/11/turkey-nato-shifting-world/ – 11/12/2019
Reference: Related on BackChannels
https://conflict-backchannels.com/2017/03/11/reflexive-control-process-allahu-akbar-terrorism-new-nationalism-neo-feudalism/ – 3/11/2017
Regarding Moscow and Terrorism
BackChannels has long maintained a quick reference list for copy-paste relay of Moscow's post-Soviet play in the narrative around Islamic Terrorism. It begins with David Satter's account of the "Moscow Apartment Bombings", back-fills with Anna Politkovskaya's observations on the Russian Army's brutalizing of Chechen villages, moves through Ayman al-Zawahiri's whistle-stop in Russia (published in Business Insider), and ends near the U.S. military observation of Russia's supplying the Taliban (today) with arms and materiel. Here it is*:
Satter, David. "The Unsolved Mystery Behind the Act of Terror That Brought Putin to Power." National Review, August 17, 2016.
Politkovskaya, Anna. A Small Corner of Hell: Dispatches From Chechnya. Chicago: University of Chicago Press Press Books, 2003.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri
Schindler, John. "Exploring Al Qaeda's Murky Connection to Russian Intelligence." Business Insider, June 10, 2014.
https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/15162-defector-putin-s-kgb-trained-top-al-qaeda-terrorists
https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/understanding-the-russia-taliban-connection/ – 8/4/2017
https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/26/596933077/top-u-s-commander-in-afghanistan-accuses-russia-of-aiding-taliban – 3/26/2018
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2017/04/24/russia-is-sending-weapons-to-taliban-top-u-s-general-confirms/
Moscow's persistent Orwellian (and paternally authoritarian) character may come through as it dawns on the reader that the state appears to manipulate its public with something like "KGB Theater" (again, read David Satter on the "Moscow Apartment Bombings").
The production of "The Syrian Tragedy" well displays the form as Bashar "The Butcher" Assad chose to barrel bomb Syrian noncombatants while al-Qaeda types gathered in his space and eventually distilled into "ISIL" or, today "Islamic State" — see https://conflict-backchannels.com/2016/12/09/syria-assad-isil-background/ for related argument and the basis for it in references.
Basically, BackChannels believes Assad — as flanked by Putin and Khamanei — chose his enemy, i.e., an "enemy preferred" or a dumb foil he knew he would beat (with Russian assistance), and which victory would redound to his glorious (malign and narcissistic) appearance.
By choosing amity with President Erdogan, President Trump has stepped into the Great Neo-KGB Theater of History, but with one immense issue: a spirited American public and system in part armored against the dawning of totalitarian control and related debasements and indignities. In lieu of the Soviet Communist project that gave up the ghost on December 25, 1991, the (E)State Capitalism — the making and hoarding of money by any means no matter what the costs to humanity — associated with Vladimir Putin appears to be working — and Americans (and the North American and European presses) seem slow to catch on.
*Mixed formatting has to do with the editor's interest, purpose, and time–for the blog: okey dokey; for a monograph some time in the future, Chicago rules.
FTAC – About 'Hybrid' Putin – Some Questions for EU-NATO
Posted by commart in 21st Century Feudal, FTAC - From The Awesome Conversation, Philosophy, Russia, Turkey
hybrid warfare, Kurdistan, Russo-Turkish Relationship
The grousing question was, " Europe is right on Russia's door step. They have militaries. Why aren't they stopping Putin ? E.U. doesn't do squat."
The answer from BackChannels was —
Stop him . . . where?
From making friends?
From offering Russian passports to Russian speakers whom he may claim to be offering protection?
From spiffing up the nuclear missile silo and two radars in Crimea, Ukraine?
From bombing hospitals in Syria and bulking up his military presence in a space scoured of apparently excess Syrians?
From financing politicians like Marine Le Pen using circuitous routes to do so?
From cultivating like-minded "leaders" who view their states as family businesses and themselves as the best representatives of their national kind?
From playing his "energy card" in Turkey — and in Germany?
From flying nuclear-capable bombers in the Western Hemisphere?
From developing a nuclear missile too erratic and too fast to catch by any known defense system?
From stealing a Superbowl ring?
The boys, one selling, the other shopping Russian jets break for ice cream in the vicinity of August 27, 2019.
Bekdil, Burak Ege and Matthew Bodner. "No obliteration: Western arms embargo has little impact on Turkey as it looks east." Defense News, October 24, 2019.
ANKARA, Turkey, and MOSCOW — A number of Turkey's NATO allies have suspended arms sales to the country in condemnation of its military incursion into Syria, but analysts and officials are shrugging off the embargo, saying it will have a minimal impact on the military's operational capabilities.
Several countries, including France, Sweden, the Czech Republic, Norway, the Netherlands, Finland, Spain and Germany, imposed arms embargoes against the Turkish government after its troops entered Syria to attack the Kurdish militia, which Turkey views as a terrorist group. Turkey said its military operation, launched Oct. 9, will help create a safe zone in northeastern Syria.
https://www.defensenews.com/global/mideast-africa/2019/10/24/no-obliteration-western-arms-embargo-has-little-impact-on-turkey-as-it-looks-east/ – 10/23/2019.
The Devolution Will be Televised: Kurdistan – End of Ceasefire
Posted by commart in 21st Century Feudal, Conflict - Culture - Language - Psychology, Kurdistan, Russia, Syria, Turkey
End of Ceasefire, Kurdistan, medieval v modern, Putin & Erdogan, Soviet / post-Soviet politics, Turkish Barbarism
There may be a no-fly zone in force for the border of interest. The editor here has been listening to more testimony that watching "action" on the live cameras.
Earlier Today
Posted to YouTube in 2015
Kurdish forces acting as American / western proxies fought and died ejecting Islamic State from Syria. Is the west now to do nothing for them?
Bekdil, Burak. "Turkey's Pyrrhic Victory in Syria". The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies (BESA), October 22, 2019.
Fahim, Kareem. "Russia, Turkey agree to jointly remove Kurdish fighters along Turkey's border in northern Syria." The Washington Post, October 22, 2019.
O'Connor, Tom. "Russia and Turkey Present New Deal for Syria After Six Hours of Talks and U.S. Exit." Newsweek, October 22, 2019.
Stark, Alexandra and Ariel I. Ahram. "How the United States Can Escape the Middle East's Porxy Wars." Foreign Policy Research Institute, October 22, 2019.
'America Is Running Away': #Kurds Pelt Withdrawing Troopshttps://t.co/UXb004qBCV
— Rojname News English (@ROJNAME_english) October 22, 2019
Now, the whole rationale Trump put forward for the retreat — to get American troops out of the Mideast and "endless wars" — is in doubt.
Rather than leaving the region, the withdrawing troops will deploy in neighboring Iraq to fight the Islamic State group, which could get new life from the Syrian turmoil. Some U.S. forces are still in eastern Syria, helping Kurdish fighters protect oilfields. Defense Secretary Mark Esper said Monday he was discussing keeping them there.
Trump surprised even his own military on the ground when he agreed to remove U.S. soldiers working with Kurdish-led forces near the border in an Oct. 6 phone call with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Three days later, Turkey launched its offensive with heavy bombardment along the border.
https://www.courthousenews.com/america-is-running-away-kurds-pelt-withdrawing-troops/ 10/22/2019
From Democracy to Despotism – Erdogan Takes Turkey East
Posted by commart in 21st Century Feudal, Conflict - Culture - Language - Psychology, Facsimile Bipolar Political Sociopathy, Political Psychology, Russia, Turkey
Democracy v Absolutism, Erdogan, NATO & Turkey, Putin & Erdogan
Erdoğan says his demand for a safe zone in Syria is rooted in Turkey's war against terrorism. The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), Erdoğan says, is as much a threat as the Islamic State. That is of course nonsense . . . .
Rubin, Michael. "Turkey's Syria Policy Could Lead to Its Own Destruction." National Interest, October 21, 2019.
While those both enamored and fearful of power have always played "both sides of the street", Turkey's drift from a freely speaking, open, and vibrant democracy to one far from NATO ethics, interests, and values should be clear to the free world. Through the power of President Erdogan's feudal imagination and thuggery, Turkey has been transformed into a politically absolute polity driven by the narcissism of its leader
Worse for the Turks and even his fans: President Erdogan's toadying before Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Erdogan may appear strong standing up to the west, which today cannot levy enough sanctions on his project (probably hurting the Turks more than the Turkish President), but how may he appear doing Putin's bidding while his equally enamored — or captive to Moscow — neighbor, Bashar al-Assad AKA "Bashar the Butcher", continues destroying and strangling Syria — in Turkey's direction too — under cover of destroying Sunni Islamists?
When Turkish air power rightly downed two Russian MIGs overflying Turkey's airspace while refusing communications with Turkish air defense, Erdogan refused apology. And what for? He and his military had done everything right for the purposes of Turkish Defense.
The Su-24 shootdown took place on November 24, 2015.
Eight months later, widely reported on June 27, 2016, Erdogan apologized to Putin.
That has turned out a fair demonstration of Russian "realpolitik" and maddening absolute power.
For those watching — and those who knew the facts — "Sultan Erdogan" may just as well have knelt before "Emperor Putin".
Perhaps President Erdogan has had some household bills yet to pay, and, beside, has needed a certain supply of energy to heat the house.
I hope the excerpts and videos that follow prove helpful as windows into the love fest developed between Ankara and Moscow.
Posted to YouTube by Erdogan Gönüllüleri (Erdogan Volunteers), October 30, 2014.
The first direct gas pipeline between Russia and Turkey was the Blue Stream, commissioned in 2005. In 2009, Putin proposed a Blue Stream II line parallel to Blue Stream under the Black Sea.[2] The Blue Stream II project did not carry through and the South Stream project took the lead, until it was abandoned in 2014. The TurkStream (then named Turkish Stream) project was announced by Russian President Vladimir Putin on 1 December 2014, during his state visit to Turkey.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TurkStream
Kenyon, Peter. "Turkey's President And His 1,100 Room 'White Palace'". NPR, December 24, 2014.
Posted to YouTube by Channel 4 News, November 24, 2015.
The Russia Defence Ministry denied the aircraft ever left Syrian airspace, counter-claiming that their satellite data showed that the Sukhoi was about 1,000 metres (1,100 yd) inside Syrian airspace when it was shot down.[5] The U.S. State Department said that the U.S. independently confirmed that the aircraft's flight path violated Turkish territory, and that the Turks gave multiple warnings to the pilot, to which they received no response and released audio recordings of the warnings they had broadcast.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown
Moscow's Grand Mosque Dedication – Published to YouTube by RT, September 23, 2015.
MOSCOW — Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan apologized Monday for the downing of a Russian warplane in November and called for Russia and Turkey to mend a bilateral relationship that has become openly hostile over the incident.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/turkey-apologizes-for-shooting-down-russian-warplane-last-year/2016/06/27/d969e0ea-3c6d-11e6-9e16-4cf01a41decb_story.html – 6/27/2016
Gazprom has started to fill the first branch of the offshore section of the Turkish Stream pipeline with natural gas. This is the final stage of testing the pipeline before putting it into operation later this year . . . .
. . . The first line is intended for the supply of Russian gas to Turkish consumers, the second – for gas supply to the countries of southern and southeast Europe.
https://financialtribune.com/articles/energy/100392/russia-begins-pumping-gas-into-turkish-stream-pipeline – 10/19/2019.
Erdoğan says his demand for a safe zone in Syria is rooted in Turkey's war against terrorism. The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), Erdoğan says, is as much a threat as the Islamic State. That is of course nonsense: The SDF formed to fight Al Qaeda affiliates and the Islamic State at a time when Turkey was passively if not actively supporting them. Nor can Turkish officials credibly point to terrorist attacks from Kurdish-governed portions of Syria. Groups that evolved from the PKK are not monoliths: The SDF is progressive and moderate; any visit to the region makes clear that the group does not embrace the PKK's Cold War-era Marxism. The PKK itself has long sought peace and does not attack civilians. The Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK) splinter group continues to engage in terrorism, but they are based nowhere near Syria nor do they have any links to the SDF.
https://nationalinterest.org/blog/middle-east-watch/turkeys-syria-policy-could-lead-its-own-destruction-89841 10/21/2019
In a recent article in Foreign Policy, my colleague Steven A. Cook argued that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan was playing Washington like a fiddle. With a combination of bluffs, threats, and bluster, Erdogan managed to convince the United States to come up with an arrangement in northeastern Syria to prevent a Turkish invasion—an arrangement that comes at the expense of the Kurds, who have carried the brunt of the fighting against the Islamic State. Whatever one thinks of the Kurds, their determination and sacrifice should be treated as an international public good; they have stopped and destroyed one of the most dangerous and homicidal groups the modern world has known. The Turks by contrast have contributed nothing to this endeavor.
If Erdogan has succeeded in manipulating Washington, however, Russian President Vladimir Putin, in turn, has played him to the hilt.
https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/03/putin-plays-erdogan-like-a-fiddle-syria/ – 9/3/2019.
Related on BackChannels
"Civilizational Narcissism"; "Malignant Narcissism".
Also Related Online
Abadi, Cameron. "Why is Turkey Fighting Syria's Kurds?" Foreign Policy (FP), October 17, 2019.
BBC News. "Qatar's emir 'gives $500m private jet to Turkey'". September 17, 2018.
How Homeowner Erdogan Looks Online
Posted to YouTube by James Mac, December 28, 2014 – Primary Source: BBC News, "Erdogan presidential palace – in 60 seconds", November 6, 2014.
Posted to YouTube by Global News, August 27, 2019.
Flashback Kurdistan 2016 – Three Videos
Posted by commart in 21st Century Feudal, Conflict - Culture - Language - Psychology, Kurdistan, Turkey
Bayan Sami Rahman, David Rubin, Kurdistan, Rubini-Rahman Interview 2016, Stephan Mansfield-Kurds Overview 2016
Stephan Mansfield on TEDx Talks and posted to YouTube May 18, 2016.
Bayan Sami Rahman interview with David Rubin of the Rubin Report – posted to YouTube March 21, 2016.
Leon, Melissa. "Erdogan vows to 'crush the heads' of Kurds if they don't withdraw; both sides trade blame for violating cease-fire." Fox News, October 19, 2019.
Manson, Katrina. "An ambassador without a country." Financial Times, September 8, 2017.
Tomlinson, Lucas. "Trump says US troops in Syria to be withdrawn, redeployed in region." Fox News, October 15, 2019.
Varfolomeeva, Anna and Mahir Zeynalov. "Kurdistan Representative: Sanctions, Threats Don't Work on Us." The Globe Post, October 2, 2017.
She said the U.S. and other countries privately acknowledged that Kurdistan has legitimate aspirations and some of them even agreed that Baghdad had pushed the region into a corner leading effectively to a point where it needed to have a referendum. But they also advised the regional Kurdistan government that it was not the right time for independence.
"But when we asked them, 'well when is the right time?', there wasn't an answer."
https://theglobepost.com/2017/10/02/kurdistan-rahman-independence-threats/ – 10/2/2017.
BackChannels could do with professional intelligence interpretation — and vetting — on this apparently (or so claimed) near live video compilation.
Published to YouTube by "Drone Time" October 19, 2019.
FTAC: Nascent and Socially Progressing Kurdistan and Putin, Erdogan, (Trump's) Return to Feudal Authoritarianism and Absolutism
Posted by commart in 21st Century Feudal, American Domestic Affairs, Conflict - Culture - Language - Psychology, FTAC - From The Awesome Conversation, Kurdistan, Political Psychology, Syria, Turkey
authoritarianism, Betrayal of the Kurds, Democratic Confederation, feudal political absolutism, feudal v modern, medieval v modern, Progressive Politics, Rojava
From the Awesome Conversation (on Facebook) —
My general impression has been yours, i.e., PKK fighters accepted some "rebranding" to make their image palatable to the west in their fight for survival against Islamic State. However, here is what the web turned up in related (swift) research:
From January 2019 — https://conflict-backchannels.com/2019/01/02/moscow-as-medusa-with-all-the-snakes-attached/
From June 2019 – https://conflict-backchannels.com/2019/06/25/pkk-a-few-impressions-and-notes-on-the-kurdish-struggle-for-autonomy-and-unification/
The PKK launched with Soviet guidance and support in the late 1970s. Wikipedia nailed it in these two sentences: "The PKK was founded in 1978 in the village of Fis (near Lice) by a group of Kurdish students led by Abdullah Öcalan[19] and in 1979 it made its existence known to the public.[20]The PKK's ideology was originally a fusion of revolutionary socialism and Kurdish nationalism, seeking the foundation of an independent Communist state in the region, which was to be known as Kurdistan."
The political tone of the community has been in the direction of "democratic confederalism" — inclusion and input have been part of what nascent "Kurdistan" promoted when it played up the Rojava Experiment.
From the New Internationalist —
"There is no doubt that theirs is a shared ideology, one that has been formulated by their joint leader, Abdullah Öcalan, now in his 21st year of incarceration in a Turkish prison. But the PYD's organizing principle is democratic confederalism: a system of direct democracy, ecological sustainability and ethnic inclusivity, where women have veto powers on new legislation and share all institutional positions with men."
Within the short time since forming Rojava's democratic experiment, child marriage, forced marriage, dowry and polygamy were banned; honour killings, violence and discrimination against women were criminalized. It is the only part of Syria where sharia councils have been abolished and religion has been consigned to the private sphere."
https://newint.org/features/2019/10/11/assault-rojava
American moderates and progressives would recognize the development of a social democracy — not unlike what we in fact of evolved into, i.e., a modern place with modern laws and cares. That would seem what the Trump Administration has chosen to abandon with a few teary-eyed remarks about America's soldiery and his (narcissistic paranoid) bent toward American isolationism (after the United States leading the development and defense of democracy in the world since the end of WWII).
Opposed by the PKK and part of the character of Kurdish political incoherence: the Kurdish Democratic Party —
"The KDP has been described as a tribal, feudalistic, and aristocratic party which is controlled by the Barzani tribe."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Party
Has North America and Europe the wish to return to systems in which feudal authority commits crimes and invents policy beyond the questioning of the ordinary citizen?
By leaving the field to Putin and Erdogan and being himself autocratic in character, President Trump has suggested an answer to that question.
Note: The author edits and improves on the first off-the-cuff remarks in related threaded conversation on the way to posting the same or very similar on this blog.


If you are a man and you want to be a writer, you have two things you must do: 1. Write a book; and 2. Look more like Ernest Hemingway. That is the curriculum. When aged, experienced folks in the publishing industry ask young writers, "Have you read Hemingway," they are really asking if you have fully embraced the possibility of facial hair. If you can grow a beard, have you tried growing his beard? If you cannot grow a beard like Hemingway's, then that's fine too. Your author photo will just be seriously lacking.
If you need inspiration on how to style your facial vegetation, or you want fuel for your imagination of what a beard might look like on your hairless face, then look no further than these literary greats.


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Jio and the Video Revolution
September 20, 2017 mrjain
It seems like just yesterday when I would come home late and the building security would all be sound asleep. Now when I roll-up at night many of them have their faces partially lit because of their mobile phone screens. Invariably, 99% of them are watching some Bollywood movie, TV show or music program.
There is only one person to thank for this – Mukesh Ambani. Overnight he changed the mobile telecommunications game and dropped boatloads of bandwidth on unsuspecting consumers. At first, people were apprehensive but once they realized it was truly free they started exploring and ultimately found YouTube. A friend of mine works for a fairly large internet exchange point (IXP) and he said the two websites that have benefitted the most from Jio's explosive growth are Facebook and YouTube.
Even I have changed my internet usage patterns from reading reviews on cars and gadgets to instead watching these reviews on YouTube. One of my favorite Vloggers (video bloggers) for cars is Seen Through Glass. He is witty, loves cars and is generally a treat to watch as he drives some of the most insane cars in the world. In his latest video he is driving around in a Lexus LFA Nurburgring Edition (one of 50 in the world).
YouTube is not the only beneficiary, all the online streaming players are having a field day as well – Amazon Prime, Netflix and YuppTV to name a few.
Of course, Mukesh Ambani wants everyone to stream the content from his services such as JioTV and JioMusic but that's the beauty of these OTT (over the top) services like YouTube…you can access them from any high speed internet connection.


text:
Award-Winning Journalist, Anchor and Author Maria Elena Salinas Joins CBS News as a Contributor
Award-winning journalist, anchor and author Maria Elena Salinas is joining CBS News as a contributor, it was announced today by Susan Zirinsky, CBS News President and Senior Executive Producer. Salinas, one of the most recognizable and respected journalists in the country, most notably served as co-anchor of Univision's evening news program for more than 30 years.
Salinas will contribute reports across CBS News broadcasts and platforms and will frequently appear on coverage of the run-up to the 2020 election.
"It is an honor to welcome Maria Elena Salinas to the CBS News team," said Zirinsky. "We look forward to sharing her important voice and journalistic credentials with our audience in a critical time for this country."
In a career that spans nearly four decades, Salinas has interviewed world leaders and covered virtually every major national and international news event of our time. Her work has earned the top awards presented in broadcasting, including multiple Emmys, a Peabody, Gracie Awards, the Edward R. Murrow Award and the Walter Cronkite Award for Excellence in Television Political Journalism.
Most recently, Salinas was the host of "The Real Story with Maria Elena Salinas," a crime series for Investigation Discovery. She also covered the 2018 presidential election in Mexico for Telemundo.
Salinas contributed to CBS News in 2016, when she reported on the role Hispanics would play in the election for CBS SUNDAY MORNING.
While at Univision, she was co-host of "Noticiero Univision" and co-host of "Aquí y Ahora," a newsmagazine program for Univision.
A versatile and bilingual journalist, Salinas has interviewed every U.S. president since Jimmy Carter. She is at ease interviewing newsmakers such as Manuel Noriega, the former dictator of Panama and Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega, as she is sitting down with Jennifer Lopez, Ricky Martin and Gloria Estefan.
She was one of the first female journalists in wartime Baghdad. Salinas participated in the 2004 bilingual debate on Hispanic issues and in 2007 co-hosted the first Democratic and Republican presidential candidate forums in Spanish for Univision.
From 2001-2011, Salinas wrote a weekly syndicated column in both English and Spanish. She is also the author of the 2006 autobiography, I Am My Father's Daughter, Living a Life Without Secrets.
Salinas began her journalism career in 1981 as a reporter, anchor and public affairs host for KMEX-TV, Univision's affiliate in Los Angeles.


text:
Option A: Kaplan's Ideas about Jewish Education in His Own Words
Three different groups of educators re-engaged with Kaplan's chapter on Jewish education between 2017-2019 as we developed of our 21st Century Kaplanian Vision of Jewish Education. Certain gems jumped out of the "dusty" and "old" volume as being full of brilliant light and relevance today. This is Option A – Kaplan in his own words without comments or questions.
Handout of these Quotations to Study and Share Offline
The Ultimate Goals of Jewish Education
When a child grew up (in previous Jewish times) Judaism helped him in the conduct of his daily affairs and qualified him for membership in the social group without which he would have had no status as a human being. It transmitted to him what he needed for the attainment of life eternal. That in turn gave worth to his life in the world….
If Jewish education is to be established on a permanent basis, it must similarly provide the equivalent of those it served in the past (of salvation and ultimate meaning).
– Judaism as a Civilization, page 479
The danger is that the Jewish training might be altogether crowded out of the life of the Jewish child. The only way to prevent that danger is making the Jewish training so effective in enlarging the mental scope of the child's life, in socializing his attitude fellow man, in inculcating in him an appreciation of life's worth and sanctity, that parents will rejoice to have such training imparted to their children.
Jewish Art and Civilization
Creativity is the result of whole-souled and organic reaction to life's values" of a reaction in which senses, emotions, imagination, and intelligence are fully aroused. It is not enough for a civilization to be rich in values of a religious or esthetic nature . Unless its people respond wholeheartedly to those values, the civilization is artificially sterile.
The very significance of Judaism as a civilization would be lost, if artistic creativity in the expression of Jewish values were treated as something secondary to American Jewish life.
The Individual Child
No whit less important than reckoning with the perpetuation of Jewish life and culture is it to reckon with the well-being and growth of the individual child. The Jewish educative process must start with the actual experiences of the child as he lives thm in the present, and lead him constantly so to reorganize and reinterpret his experience that he comes to identify his own good with the good of society. To achieve this end the child must be given increasing control over his own experience so that he will himself be able to shape and direct it toward alms freely and intelligently chosen.
The Scope of a Child's Jewish Education
It is necessary to change radically the very notion of what is to constitute the educative process. . . If Jews rely solely upon Jewish schools to achieve these aims, they are bound to fail. . .The solution lies in altering completely the conception of the Jewish educative process, and in learning to regard formal classroom instruction as only one link in a chain of agencies which must be instrumental in transmitting the Jewish heritage. . . (camp, community, art , dance and music clubs, youth groups as articulated later in vision.)
– Judaism as a Civilization, pages 488 – 489
Two objectives of Jewish education which are so difficult to attain during the regular school term– the ability to read Hebrew and the acquisition of Jewish interests– can easily be achieved by camps.
The Body, Soul, and Mind in Jewish Education
Activity and participation in actual life, though of primary importance in the educative process, must not be permitted to crowd out the element of ideasion. If action is the body of Jewish life, thought is the soul.
The Jewish Home and Parent
The home seems to be the logical place where the good life might be taught not as a theory but as an art and in practice. . . The need for arriving at some method of energizing the moral and spiritual possibilities of the home is but part of the general problem of character training. All the schools and religious organizations and books on ethics aim to foster social efficiency, moral health and capacity for cooperation. Yet, when the individual tries to translate their inspiration into specific habits, he is left without health or guidance. In this respect Judaism fares no worse than the generality of organized attempts to improve human character and conduct. But this is no consolation for Judaism, since it cannot afford to remain morally impotent. Its survival as a civilization is contingent upon its power to mold character and personality. It must therefore help its adherents translate ideals into concrete acts.
Jewish Parent and Teacher
The field of the Jewish teacher's activity and influence must be enlarged or there will soon be no teachers. If Jewish education is to prove its worth in this, the scope of the Jewish teacher must be enlarged to include the home of the child he teaches. In fact, most of the influence he wishes to exert upon the child he must learn to exert through mediation of the parent. The teacher should be the one to establish the point of contact between the moral and religious generalizations and the specific situations and occasions in which they should be embodied. He should be the pastor to the families of the children in whom he has to inculcate the patterns of Jewish conduct.
On Teaching Bible and Religion
At the age of seven and eight children often begin to question the veracity of stories about miracles. Jewish teachers who feel the conclusion of science and anthropology inescapable begin to question the veracity of stories about miracles. Jewish teachers who find the conclusion of science and anthropology inescapable have given up the traditional religious beliefs. Yet most parents who send their children to a Hebrew school expect the teachers to indoctrinate their children with the belief in the historicity of theophanies and miracles. A great many Jewish teachers, who find themselves in the predicament of having to teach what they cannot conscientiously believe, arrive at a kind of solution which may be ingenious but hardly moral. It may be described by words which Emerson used with regard to the English when he said "Their Religion is Quotation". They salve their consciences by completely depersonalizing themselves, as it were, and acting a mere transmitters of Jewish tradition…
But no child listening nowadays to a teachers half-hearted avowals of belief and ambiguous explanations will be strongly influenced to remain a Jew.
2 Replies to "Option A: Kaplan's Ideas about Jewish Education in His Own Words"
Daniel Resnick says:
Very impressed by notion of teacher as pastor to parents, and parents as mediators in the Jewish learning process. The role of the teacher is a difficult one, and moves beyond the formal classroom or interaction with the student.
jeffrey schein says:
This is Jeffrey Schein. I appreciate your "wow" moment in relationship to Kaplan's insight. In the 80's and 90's family education was the new "big thing" in Jewish education. It led among other things to the family trip to Israel we took together.
Many folks creating this new focus thought they were engaging in something entirely new. They just had not read this chapter of Kaplan's from 1934!
Cedarbaum Prize Al Regel Achat (On One Foot)
Cedarbaum Prize Application
Cedarbaum Prize Evaluative Criteria
21st Century Kaplanian Educational Innovation Garden
Context of Kaplan's 20th Century Vision of Jewish Education
Context: Judaism as a Civilization
Context: A Lifetime of Writings
Kaplan's 20th Century Vision of Jewish Education
Option B: Kaplan's Ideas with Overarching Text Study Questions
Option C: Kaplan's Ideas with Questions Focused on Specific Texts
PaRDeS: An Orchard of 21st Century Kaplanian Educational Resources
P'shat Level
Remez Level
D'rash Level
Sod Level
Our 21st Century Kaplanian Vision of Jewish Education
Commentary on Specific Sections
Al Regel Ahat Section
Road Map Section
Guf / Body Section
Neshama / Soul
Enduring Challenges
Educational Goals: Language, Concept, and Context
Authenticity & Relevance
New Paradigms in Jewish Education
Standards & Assessment
Yesh Omrim: Another Way
Rabbi Toba Spitzer
Cyd Weissman
An Evolving Vision: Add Your Voices
Panoramic Perspective
Project Contributors
The Blurring of Human and Divine in the Digital Age
Two Brachot for the Covid 19 Pandemic
A Kaplanian Report Card


text:
Sanchi University of Buddhist-Indic Studies Ranking
Sanchi University of Buddhist-Indic Studies, established in 2013, is a non-profit public higher-education institution in Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, with a population of 2,500 to 9,999 people. Sanchi University of Buddhist-Indic Studies is a coeducational Indian higher education institution officially connected with the Buddhist faith, as recognized by the University Grants Commission of India. Sanchi University of Buddhist-Indic Studies provides courses and programs in a variety of fields that lead to legally recognized higher education degrees. For further information, see the degree levels and fields of study matrix below from Topuniversitieslist. Students at Sanchi University of Buddhist-Indic Studies have access to a variety of academic and non-academic facilities and services, including a library and administrative services.
Barla, Vidisha-Raisen Road, National Highway 86 Sanchi 464 551 Madhya Pradesh India
Sanchi University of Buddhist-Indic Studies's Facebook page for social networking
Sanchi University of Buddhist-Indic Studies's Twitter webpage for micro-blogging and news updates
Sanchi University of Buddhist-Indic Studies's LinkedIn profile for business and academic networking
Sanchi University of Buddhist-Indic Studies's Wikipedia article


I have to tell you, that of the nine shorts in the Animatrix, the one called Beyond is the clearest and the most engaging. Final Flight of the Osiris runs a close second, but I think that part of that is because it's so beautiful. I'm also rather partial to the film noir one (whose name I can't remember) but the ending is not very satifying. the last one (again, I can't remember the name) looks like it was drawn by Escher on acid while watching The Cube and being counseled by Freud. Yes, it was that bizarre and painful.
All in all, the shorts help explain a good deal about Reloaded, so I recommend watching it.
I only wish that it had come out before the sequel did.
I might pick that up later today.
So what is the name of the song which underscores the segment titled, Beyond, in the Animatrix ?


text:
Q: register domain name in soft layer using a REST API I am looking for a REST API to register a domain name in Soft Layer, which I will be using for the machines or VMs I am provisioning.
Looks like the same can be done using this class
http://softlayer-api-python-client.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/managers/dns/
Thanks,
Kishore

A: To Register New Domain as Control Portal does,  you should try the following rest request:
https://$user:$apiKey@api.softlayer.com/rest/v3/SoftLayer_Product_Order/placeOrder

Method: Post

{
   "parameters":[
      {
         "complexType":"SoftLayer_Container_Product_Order_Dns_Domain_Registration",
         "quantity":1,
         "packageId":0,
         "administrativeContact":{
            "address1":"address test",
            "city":"cityTest",
            "country":"BO",
            "email":"noreply@softlayer.com",
            "firstName":"Jhon",
            "lastName":"Travolta",
            "organizationName":"Company Name",
            "phone":"7074485559",
            "postalCode":"0591",
            "state":"OT",
            "type":"admin"
         },
         "billingContact":{
            "address1":"address test",
            "city":"cityTest",
            "country":"BO",
            "email":"noreply@softlayer.com",
            "firstName":"Jhon",
            "lastName":"Travolta",
            "organizationName":"Company Name",
            "phone":"7074485559",
            "postalCode":"0591",
            "state":"OT",
            "type":"billing"
         },
         "ownerContact":{
            "address1":"address test",
            "city":"cityTest",
            "country":"BO",
            "email":"noreply@softlayer.com",
            "firstName":"Jhon",
            "lastName":"Travolta",
            "organizationName":"Company Name",
            "phone":"7074485559",
            "postalCode":"0591",
            "state":"OT",
            "type":"owner"
         },
         "technicalContact":{
            "address1":"address test",
            "city":"cityTest",
            "country":"BO",
            "email":"noreply@softlayer.com",
            "firstName":"Jhon",
            "lastName":"Travolta",
            "organizationName":"Company Name",
            "phone":"7074485559",
            "postalCode":"0591",
            "state":"OT",
            "type":"tech"
         },
         "domainRegistrationList":[
            {
               "domainName":"testrcv.com",
               "registrationPeriod":1
            }
         ],
         "registrationType":"new"
      }
   ]
}

Anyway, if you wish to Add DNS Zone, try the following:
https://$user:$apiKey@api.softlayer.com/rest/v3/SoftLayer_Dns_Domain/createObject

Method: Post

{
   "parameters":[
      {
         "name":"test.com",
         "serial":374597345,
         "resourceRecords":{

         }
      }
   ]
}

Also, if you wish to add a new record inside your DNS Zone, you should try the following:
https://$user:$apiKey@api.softlayer.com/rest/v3/SoftLayer_Dns_Domain_ResourceRecord/createObject

Method: Post

{
   "parameters":[
      {
         "domainId":1609439,
         "ttl":900,
         "data":"127.0.0.1",
         "host": "@",
         "type":"a"
      }
   ]
}

I hope this information be helpful for you
References:

*

*SoftLayer_Product_Order::placeOrder

*SoftLayer_Dns_Domain::createObject

*SoftLayer_Dns_Domain_ResourceRecord::createObject


text:
readings for diversity and social justice pdf download
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY INTERACTIVE Readings in Educational Psychology. Developed by: W. Huitt Last updated: November The Criminal Justice Concentration of the Sociology-Anthropology major requires a minimum of 45 units, of which 24 must be upper-level. A minimum of 27 of the required total units in the Criminal Justice Concentration must be earned at Towson University. 1 FIVE FACES OF OPPRESSION The following article is adapted from "Five Faces of Oppression" by Iris Young. The article was originally a chapter in Oppression, Privilege, & Resistance edited by Lisa Heldke and Peg O'Connor (published by. BibMe Free Bibliography & Citation Maker - MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard. In anthropology, privilege is a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group. In sociology, privilege is the perceived rights or advantages that are assumed to be available only to a particular person or group of people. The term is commonly used in the context of social inequality, particularly in regard to age, disability, ethnic or racial. The laden phrase "identity politics" has come to signify a wide range of political activity and theorizing founded in the shared experiences of injustice of members of certain social groups. Graduate Program. General information about the School of Social Ecology's graduate programs, including admission requirements, career opportunities, and Ph.D. program milestones can be found in the School of Social Ecology Graduate section of the scottdwebgraphics.comic information about the Department of Criminology, Law and Society's graduate program appears below. The value-in-diversity perspective argues that a diverse workforce, relative to a homogeneous one, is generally beneficial for business, including but not limited to corporate profits and earnings.
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There is an active debate among biomedical researchers about the meaning and importance of race in their research. Long-term services and supports. New York: Worth Publishers. Though it is well-known that people with disabilities have low rates of employment, relatively little is known about what happens to people with disabilities after they become employed. The effects of network groups on minority employee turnover intentions. The Princeton Tory. In the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights.
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Career development can be enhanced by career planning activities. Traditional jobs that do not take account of these changes run the risk of increasing worker stress, absenteeism, and turnover and decreasing employee productivity. The need for coordinated solutions is apparent when considering that many people with disabilities face diverse barriers on both the supply and demand sides of the labor market. Related Entries feminist philosophy feminist philosophy, topics: perspectives on the self homosexuality identity liberalism Marxism, analytical multiculturalism race. Wolfe, Cary, , What is Posthumanism? Using Surveys to Improve Climate and Learning While there is much research supporting the importance of diverse peers in relation to a wide range of learning outcomes, there is less on the formal conditions that help structure opportunities to learn among diverse peers.
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text:
Q: colouring vertices of cube while considering symmetry
Let $G$ be the rotation group of a cube $Q.$ How many ways (up to symmetry under the action of $G$) can we colour the $8$ vertices of $Q$ using $2$ colours?

I know the Burnside or Cauchy-Frobenius Lemma, which says that for a finite group $G$ that acts on a set $S, |G| |S/G| = \sum_{a\in G}|Fix(a)|,$ where $Fix(a) := \{x \in S : ax = x\}.$ I know there are $24$ elements in $G$. Let $S$ be the number of colourings without considering symmetry. Then $|S| = 2^8.$ The rotation group induces a natural action on the set $S$, but I'm not really sure how to formally describe this action. However, once I can formally describe the $24$ elements of $G$ and then determine their corresponding $Fix$ cardinalities (the corresponding $Fix$ cardinality of element $A\in G$ is $|Fix(A)|$) it should be fine. For instance, $|Fix(I)| = 2^8,$ where $I$ is the identity rotation.

Could someone help me uncover the cardinalities of $Fix(A)$ for $A\in G$?


Assist executive management to ensure internal resources, systems, procedures and controls are in place, documented and operating effectively in order to ensure compliance and mitigate any form of risk.
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Identify potential areas of compliance vulnerability, develop/implement corrective action plans for resolution of problematic issues, and provide general guidance on how to avoid or manage similar situations in the future.
Provide reports on a regular basis, and as directed or requested, to keep executive management informed of the operation and progress of compliance efforts.
Ensure that the regulations, policies and requirements are clearly communicated to executive management and staff members.
Work with executive management to ensure that the Company consistently attains high levels of compliance with all relevant laws and regulations as well as industry best practices.
Assist in the development of an effective compliance culture by promoting the benefits of ethical business conduct and benefits of compliance.
The Candidate must possess strong knowledge of financial services and capital market regulations, well versed in local and international rules and regulations governing corporate organizations and business operations.
Must have good knowledge of other job functions in the Company and the rules associated with them.


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The HI&I cleaning market includes a wide variety of product applications and uses.


text:
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}

module Prim ( primEnv, unop )  where

import LispVal
    ( LispException(NumArgs, IOError, TypeMismatch, ExpectedList),
      IFunc(IFunc),
      LispVal(Atom, Fun, Number, String, Bool, Nil, List),
      Eval )

import Data.Functor ((<&>))
import Data.Text as T ( Text, concat, pack, unpack )
import Data.Text.IO as TIO ( hGetContents, hPutStr )
import System.Directory ( doesFileExist )
import System.IO
    ( Handle, hIsWritable, withFile, IOMode(WriteMode, ReadMode) )
import Network.HTTP ( getRequest, getResponseBody, simpleHTTP )

import Control.Monad.Except ( foldM, MonadIO(liftIO) )
import Control.Exception ( throw )

type Prim   = [(T.Text, LispVal)]
type Unary  = LispVal -> Eval LispVal
type Binary = LispVal -> LispVal -> Eval LispVal

mkF :: ([LispVal] -> Eval LispVal) -> LispVal
mkF = Fun . IFunc

primEnv :: Prim
primEnv = [
    ("+"     , mkF $ binopFold (numOp    (+))  (Number 0) )
  , ("*"     , mkF $ binopFold (numOp    (*))  (Number 1) )
  , ("string-append", mkF $ binopFold (strOp    (<>)) (String "") )
  , ("-"     , mkF $ binop $    numOp    (-))
  , ("<"     , mkF $ binop $    numCmp   (<))
  , ("<="    , mkF $ binop $    numCmp   (<=))
  , (">"     , mkF $ binop $    numCmp   (>))
  , (">="    , mkF $ binop $    numCmp   (>=))
  , ("=="    , mkF $ binop $    numCmp   (==))
  , ("even?" , mkF $ unop $     numBool   even)
  , ("odd?"  , mkF $ unop $     numBool   odd)
  , ("neg?"  , mkF $ unop $     numBool (< 0))
  , ("pos?"  , mkF $ unop $     numBool (> 0))
  , ("eq?"   , mkF $ binop eqCmd )
  , ("null?" , mkF $ unop (eqCmd Nil) )
  , ("bl-eq?", mkF $ binop $ eqOp (==))
  , ("and"   , mkF $ binopFold (eqOp (&&)) (Bool True))
  , ("or"    , mkF $ binopFold (eqOp (||)) (Bool False))
  , ("not"   , mkF $ unop notOp)
  , ("cons"  , mkF Prim.cons)
  , ("cdr"   , mkF Prim.cdr)
  , ("car"   , mkF Prim.car)
  , ("quote" , mkF quote)
  , ("file?" , mkF $ unop fileExists)
  , ("slurp" , mkF $ unop slurp)
  , ("wslurp", mkF $ unop wSlurp)
  , ("put"   , mkF $ binop put)
  ]

unop :: Unary -> [LispVal] -> Eval LispVal
unop op [x]    = op x
unop _ args    = throw $ NumArgs 1 args

binop :: Binary -> [LispVal] -> Eval LispVal
binop op [x,y]  = op x y
binop _  args   = throw $ NumArgs 2 args

fileExists :: LispVal  -> Eval LispVal
fileExists (String txt) = Bool <$> liftIO (doesFileExist $ T.unpack txt)
fileExists val          = throw $ TypeMismatch "read expects string, instead got: " val

slurp :: LispVal  -> Eval LispVal
slurp (String txt) = liftIO $ wFileSlurp txt
slurp val          =  throw $ TypeMismatch "read expects string, instead got: " val

wFileSlurp :: T.Text -> IO LispVal
wFileSlurp fileName = withFile (T.unpack fileName) ReadMode go
  where go = readTextFile fileName

openURL :: T.Text -> IO LispVal
openURL x = do
  req  <- simpleHTTP (getRequest $ T.unpack x)
  body <- getResponseBody req
  return $ String $ T.pack body

wSlurp :: LispVal -> Eval LispVal
wSlurp (String txt) =  liftIO  $  openURL txt
wSlurp val = throw $ TypeMismatch "wSlurp expects a string, instead got: " val

readTextFile :: T.Text -> Handle -> IO LispVal
readTextFile fileName handle = do
  exists <- doesFileExist $ T.unpack fileName
  if exists
  then TIO.hGetContents handle <&> String
  else throw $ IOError $ T.concat [" file does not exits: ", fileName]

put :: LispVal -> LispVal -> Eval LispVal
put (String file) (String msg) =  liftIO $ wFilePut file msg
put (String _)  val = throw $ TypeMismatch "put expects string in the second argument (try using show), instead got: " val
put val  _ = throw $ TypeMismatch "put expects string, instead got: " val

wFilePut :: T.Text -> T.Text -> IO LispVal
wFilePut fileName msg = withFile (T.unpack fileName) WriteMode go
  where go = putTextFile fileName msg

putTextFile :: T.Text -> T.Text -> Handle -> IO LispVal
putTextFile fileName msg handle = do
  canWrite <- hIsWritable handle
  if canWrite
  then TIO.hPutStr handle msg >> return (String msg)
  else throw $ IOError $ T.concat [" file does not exits: ", fileName]

binopFold :: Binary -> LispVal -> [LispVal] -> Eval LispVal
binopFold op farg args = case args of
                            [a,b]  -> op a b
                            (_a:_as) -> foldM op farg args
                            []-> throw $ NumArgs 2 args

numBool :: (Integer -> Bool) -> LispVal -> Eval LispVal
numBool op (Number x) = return $ Bool $ op x
numBool _   x         = throw $ TypeMismatch "numeric op " x

numOp :: (Integer -> Integer -> Integer) -> LispVal -> LispVal -> Eval LispVal
numOp op (Number x) (Number y) = return $ Number $ op x  y
numOp _  Nil        (Number y) = return $ Number y
numOp _  (Number x) Nil        = return $ Number x
numOp _  x          (Number _) = throw $ TypeMismatch "numeric op " x
numOp _  (Number _)  y         = throw $ TypeMismatch "numeric op " y
numOp _  x           _         = throw $ TypeMismatch "numeric op " x

strOp :: (T.Text -> T.Text -> T.Text) -> LispVal -> LispVal -> Eval LispVal
strOp op (String x) (String y) = return $ String $ op x y
strOp _  Nil        (String y) = return $ String y
strOp _  (String x) Nil        = return $ String x
strOp _  x          (String _) = throw $ TypeMismatch "string op " x
strOp _  (String _)  y         = throw $ TypeMismatch "string op " y
strOp _  x           _         = throw $ TypeMismatch "string op " x

eqOp :: (Bool -> Bool -> Bool) -> LispVal -> LispVal -> Eval LispVal
eqOp op (Bool x) (Bool y) = return $ Bool $ op x y
eqOp _   x       (Bool _) = throw $ TypeMismatch "bool op " x
eqOp _  (Bool _)  y       = throw $ TypeMismatch "bool op " y
eqOp _  x         _       = throw $ TypeMismatch "bool op " x

numCmp :: (Integer -> Integer -> Bool) -> LispVal -> LispVal -> Eval LispVal
numCmp op (Number x) (Number y) = return . Bool $ op x  y
numCmp _  x          (Number _) = throw $ TypeMismatch "numeric op " x
numCmp _  (Number _)  y         = throw $ TypeMismatch "numeric op " y
numCmp _  x         _           = throw $ TypeMismatch "numeric op " x

notOp :: LispVal -> Eval LispVal
notOp (Bool True) = return $ Bool False
notOp (Bool False) = return $ Bool True
notOp x = throw $ TypeMismatch " not expects Bool" x

eqCmd :: LispVal -> LispVal -> Eval LispVal
eqCmd (Atom   x) (Atom   y) = return . Bool $ x == y
eqCmd (Number x) (Number y) = return . Bool $ x == y
eqCmd (String x) (String y) = return . Bool $ x == y
eqCmd (Bool   x) (Bool   y) = return . Bool $ x == y
eqCmd  Nil        Nil       = return $ Bool True
eqCmd  _          _         = return $ Bool False

cons :: [LispVal] -> Eval LispVal
cons [x,List yList] = return $ List $ x:yList
cons [x,y]          = return $ List [x,y]
cons _  = throw $ ExpectedList "cons, in second argumnet"

car :: [LispVal] -> Eval LispVal
car [List []    ] = return Nil
car [List (x:_)]  = return x
car []            = return Nil
car _             = throw $ ExpectedList "car"

cdr :: [LispVal] -> Eval LispVal
cdr [List (_:xs)] = return $ List xs
cdr [List []]     = return Nil
cdr []            = return Nil
cdr _             = throw $ ExpectedList "cdr"

quote :: [LispVal] -> Eval LispVal
quote [List xs]   = return $ List $ Atom "quote" : xs
quote [expr]      = return $ List $ Atom "quote" : [expr]
quote args        = throw $ NumArgs 1 args

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub