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Different forms of energy and examples
Thursday, February 28, 2019 at 12:49 PM by Adrianna Simwa
Multiple forms of energy surround us everywhere, but we rarely think of them much. We are all made of matter and energy is a force that causes matter to undergo changes or move. This force comes in many forms and from many sources. You are invited to the workshop of nature to meet them and discover their essence.
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Source: UGC
Scientists who give all their lives to research the forces of nature, determine two main types of energy and numerous forms, in which it comes. Let us take a closer look at them on the examples taken from our real life and the world, which surrounds us.
What is energy and what is it made of?
Like many other physical notions, this force is not visible. We can only see its effect on objects in the surrounding world. It is everywhere around us: in every motion, in every action, in what we do, in what other people, animals, or machines do. Even those objects, which seem stable, have it but in its particular form.
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We can see it, when something moves or when a bomb explodes. We can observe it when a piece of magnet sticks to a piece of steel. We can feel it when something heats up or see it when something gives off light. We can hear it when something gives off a sound.
Since energy is not matter but only a property of everything in this Universe, we cannot say that it is made out of anything. On the other hand, the part of physics that is called quantum physics assumes that all the tiny particles of matter we usually call atoms consist of spinning and vibrating energy vortices. This assumption can shake the ground for those who are used to thinking that the whole Universe and we are primarily material.
Which are the two main types of energy?
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As we have already said, scientists determine two main types of energy all the objects and living beings possess: kinetic and potential.
You can observe this force in something that is currently in the state of motion: a moving car, a flying bird, or a person who runs. It is easily transferred from a body to another body if they collide. For instance, you can be still until a running person runs into you. Then, you start to feel this power, too, because it pushes you from the place where you have been standing. The stronger the force, the fiercer the impact. You may even fall if an object that possesses a lot of kinetic energy hits you strong enough.
Potential energy
You can see it in objects, which are located within specific force fields. One of the most familiar force fields for all people on Earth is gravity. Even if we do not move, the gravity keeps us within its reach. While a leaf is attached to a branch through its stem, it stores potential energy. Once the stem gives way, the leaf falls, and all its potential gets converted into kinetics, into movement, and the gravity drives it to the ground.
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Each of these types is, in its turn, broken into separate forms, which will be listed below.
10 main forms of energy: let us name them
The ten main forms, which we are going to list here, are quite precise but we need to remember the primary law of conservation. Energy can never be destroyed or created, but it can easily change its form due to some specific processes and phenomena. It means that chemical energy, for example, can be transformed into potential or kinetic one easily, and a bit later you will see how it happens.
Gravitational energy
So, gravity is one of the primary powers, which influence all objects on Earth and in the whole Universe. All objects with a significant mass have their gravity: planets, stars, galaxies, and so on. Due to the force of gravity, we are so strongly attached to the ground, and due to it, we fall down instead of going up into the space.
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This type of energy is stored in all objects, which are located at some distance from the ground, further or closer. It is potential but can be easily transformed into kinetic. Let us take a look at a simple example. A pendulum has this ability to convert the potential into kinetics and vice versa. When we pull it high, the bob is full of the gravitational potential. When we let go, the gravity pulls it downwards, transforming the potential into kinetics. The higher the object is, the stronger the gravity influences it.
At the bottom point, the bob shows the biggest meaning of the kinetic force, which influences it, while the potential one is equal to zero at this moment. This is how such a simple mechanic device shows the presence of the gravity, its force and how one form can be converted into another one. As well, we can remember a skateboard that balances on the very top of a ramp before the gravity pulls it down and makes it move from a stable position.
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Elastic energy
This power shows up in an object that experiences a short temporary strain. A bowstring or a spring with coils are perfect examples here. When they are pulled (the string) or pressed (the spring), bonds between their atoms start to absorb power. While the influence continues, they collect and collect more and more, and when the item is released and returns to its initial relaxed state, the force is released, too.
You can observe it if you pull an elastic band and then let go. The harder you pull, the stronger its response will be. This is why bows can throw arrows over such significant distances. They are equipped with strings, which can accumulate plenty of power and then release it, pushing the arrow forward.
It is also a kind of potential energy stored in materials of strings, elastic bands, and so on. Coiled springs are super illustrative in this case. They can be deformed by both pressing and stretching and each time they return to their starting position due to the same force.
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Sound energy
Sounds travel through space as waves. Tiny particles of gases, liquid substances and even solid bodies can convey waves. The waves, in their turn, move through all the mentioned mediums as sound energy. Some forces need to make substances vibrate. These vibrations are sounds of different qualities, frequencies and so on.
What is a wave? It is a movement of particles (atoms) in a space. Think of it as of a wave people make at stadiums. People stand up and lift their hands in turn after their neighbours have done the same and sit down again while other people keep on standing up and sitting down, too.
This is how a wave travels through a substance. If there are no people occupying seats in a section of a stadium, the wave will stop. The same happens when a sound wave meets no atoms on its way. This is why there is no sound in the vacuum: there are no atoms which can be moved by the force of the sound. While a substance with atoms in it surrounds you from all sides, you can produce a sound wave right now by clapping your hands or saying something aloud.
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Motion energy
Image: pexels.com
This force (known as mechanic or motion) stored in objects during their movement is their potential and kinetic energy put together. This force is used to do some work on other objects. For instance, when you use your hands to apply this force on a door, you push it open and thus cause it to move. Since it is quite complicated to understand, let us try to imagine some real-life situations and examples.
Le us take a piece of wood, a hammer, and a nail and try to drive the nail into the wood. As we have already said, the motion power is used to do some work on an object. In this case, the object is the nail, and we will do the work on it driving it through the wood. First, we will examine the hammer: it has only potential force because it has a certain weight and thus is under the influence of the gravity of Earth.
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We can increase the potential by lifting the hammer and so increase the impact of the gravity upon it. Then, we literally push the hammer down, making it move and by this, summarise its potential (its weight and the gravity force) and the power of the movement to drive the nail through the wood.
It is the only of the ten forms of energy, which can be seen by humans. The essence of this force is electromagnetic radiation, which comes in waves. Waves of light can travel through huge spaces even if there are no atoms of air there and do this with the highest speed known to us by far. Due to this ability, we can see the light of stars and galaxies, which are incredibly far away from us.
The light consists of photons, the product of atoms being heated up to a certain measure, which is individual for most materials and substances. Photons contain the energy of light.
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To receive light, we need to heat atoms up. In electric bulbs, spirals are heated up by electricity until they start to give off the bright light. When something is burning, we can also see the light produced by its atoms. The higher the temperatures are, the more photons come out of the object. This is why some stars are brighter than others: their temperature is higher and they can produce more light.
Radiant energy
Light is one of its forms, but when we speak about radiation, we need to remember about other types of rays, which are unseen to us. These are X-rays, which can get through practically any substance or radio waves. This is electromagnetic and to a certain extent kinetic energy since it is produced by moving particles.
One of the most powerful sources of this force for us, humans, is our Sun, which produces a lot of visible waves (light) and invisible radiation. The latter also reaches our planet (a part of it is stopped by the atmosphere, and the rest is spreads over the surface with the sun rays).
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When we contemplate on the way plants produce their food, we will see that they can convert electromagnetic energy (light) into chemical in the process of photosynthesis.
Again, it is a form of kinetic energy, which is produced by moving particles. They are charged and known as electrons. They are moving constantly and this movement gives them their power. The faster they move, the more power they can transport.
Electricity appears when particles receive a charge and start to move around, charging other particles. This is how electrical current is created. We can observe electricity in our everyday life: batteries, electrical circuits are vivid examples of how it works and how powerful it is. It is interesting that some animals can store huge amounts of electricity in their bodies to hunt or scare away predators. Our bodies function with the help of this form of energy, too. All the impulses our nerve system sends are small impulses of electricity.
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All the atoms found in our Universe have a nucleus. Every such nucleus has a vast potential, which can be released in the course of two reactions: fusion or fission. Some chemical elements are very stable, and their nuclei stay as they are for a very long time. Others are unstable and tend to break, releasing a lot of power known as radiation.
Our Sun and many other stars produce incredible amounts of power by fusing nuclei of atoms together, creating new chemical elements and releasing enormous quantities of warmth, light and invisible radiation. Nuclear plants use unstable chemical elements like uranium to use the power of their splitting nuclei for the production of electricity. The principle of a chain reaction provides a stable fission process over a long time. Even a small amount of uranium can give tons of energy because each of its nuclei is involved in the splitting process and each gives off plenty of power.
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We can feel it and do feel it every day from the sources of heat. The sun, fire, heating elements, engines – all they show us what thermal energy is. Everything in the world consists of molecules, and molecules are made of atoms. These particles move all the time, creating electromagnetic fields and bonds, which hold them together. When the temperature rises, the particles move faster and faster and collide. The result of this movement is heat.
This is another example of the transformation of kinetic energy into thermal. If we have some hot coffee, we know that its molecules are moving very fast right now. The water was boiling several minutes ago, and the movement is still very fast. Now, we take some cold milk and add it to the coffee. It becomes colder but not as cold as the milk was. It means that cold molecules of milk have slowed down the movement of hot ones but quickened their own movement by taking a part of the power, which belonged to the hot ones.
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Chemical energy
This power is stored in atoms and molecules as their potential energy until a chemical reaction takes place and breaks these bonds. Something new is created as a result of such a reaction, and a certain amount of power is released. Many processes in our world involve chemical reactions. For instance, when we eat, our bodies perform a range of chemical reactions inside us, break down the products we consume and provide us with everything we need.
Our bodies are warm due to these reactions and the power released in this process; we can move and develop due to these chemical reactions and their products. This is why when we purchase food from stores, packages usually inform us of the energetic value of different products.
The reaction of burning is another vivid process, which shows how something reacts with oxygen and turns into something new. Wood burns easily and gives off a lot of warmth and light. As we know already, these are two widely spread forms of energy, which we can see and feel.
This is a short guide into the workshop of Nature where the most mysterious and wonderful things are created. The ten main forms of energy are the moving force of this world and, also, the beginning of everything, one of the primary and major sources of life on our planet.
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Here's a recycled idea: outsource to small towns instead of overseas.
It made sense in the 1930s and it makes sense now.The reason salaries are high in large cities is partly because the monthly rent on an apartment is higher than the mortgage payment on a modest 3-bedroom home in a smaller metropolitan area. I remember being at a financial seminar where the speaker counseled somebody who hated living in Chicago. He didn't want to move because he'd make less money. They talked about why he needed the salary he was making, and he realized the only reason was so he could continue living in Chicago.
Needless to say, he found a lower-paying job in a city with a lower cost of living, and ended up much happier.
Since high cost of living makes for high salaries, high cost of living is expensive for corporations too.
Manufacturing jobs–back when anything was actually made in the USA–tended to herd in cities. But some companies put their factories in rural areas, where the labor was cheaper, in order to undercut their competitors' prices.
In the so-called Information Age, nothing keeps companies from locating call centers and other facilities in small towns. It may or may not be cheaper than India–but the cost of doing business in India is increasing–but, let's face it, there are issues with going overseas.
When I was in college, even the most liberal students I knew complained about foreign teachers' assistants, who were graduate-level students put in charge of teaching the weedout classes freshmen have to take. Besides the thick accents, cultural differences–ranging from figures of speech to simple expectations–could get in the way of understanding.
The company I work for (no, I won't give its name) does it right. Not only are the call centers in the United States, there are several of them. A customer from the South is going to talk to a representative from the South. Accent and all. Customers from the North are going to get the Minnesota call center more often than not. Westerners will speak to a Californian.
Suffice it to say they don't consider me a Southerner.
So I like this idea. Outsourcing closer to home will neatly solve the cost problems of the big city and the cultural problems of offshoring. Some people prefer living in a small (or at least smaller) town anyway.
The article I linked says this could be the renaissance of small town USA. It might be too early to say that, but I don't see how that could be a bad thing.


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Trump a right-leaning tower at CPAC
CNN's Ashley Killough
(CNN) - Real estate titan Donald Trump was all over the map Friday in his speech to conservatives, criticizing a range of Republicans from Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal to former GOP nominee Mitt Romney–and arguing that the country "is in a total mess."
The billionaire also cooked up a plate of his own solutions for fixing the economy while speaking to the audience at the Conservative Political Action Conference. Among his advice: Immigration reform could be a "suicide mission" for Republicans and taking oil from Iraq could help reboot the country's economy.
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As the conference this year serves as a hub for Republican soul-searching, Trump had his own two cents worth of advice. Without mentioning his name, Trump took aim at Jindal, a potential 2016 presidential candidate, for saying at the Republican National Committee winter meeting that the GOP is acting like "the stupid party."
"When I heard that statement, I said what a horrible statement to make," Trump said. "What a horrible statement, because that's the statement that's going to come back and haunt you when the Democrats start using it."
The media mogul also took a swipe at Romney, saying the GOP nominee and former private equity CEO should have talked more about his success during the campaign.
"People really want success. They want a leader who is successful and Mitt has done a great job and I just feel that the Republicans and Mitt–and I told him this–didn't speak enough about the things he did," he said. "The great things. They were on the defensive instead of taking that offensive."
Trump, known for his fiery opinions, further lamented the Obama administration, blasting the country's immigration system, lack of manufacturing and fiscal problems.
"The fact is we're run by either very foolish or very stupid people. What's going on in this country is unbelievable," he said. "Our country is a total mess. A total and complete mess and what we need is leadership."
One of his ideas to boost the economy included a suggestion to take Iraq's oil and "pay ourselves back" for the war.
"What the hell are we thinking? For those soldiers that were killed, I said we should pay those families money," he continued. "They lost their sons and their daughters and a million dollars to a family is nothing compared to the kind of wealth that you are talking about over there."
Trump added that the leader of Iraq-"we don't even know who the hell it is"-is likely building palaces and a kingdom of wealth now that the U.S. has left, while the American people got "nothing out of it," referring to the war.
He also addressed recent calls from Republicans to create a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants in the U.S.
Trump said if Republicans support such a plan, they'll be adding millions of vote into the Democratic column.
"You can be out front, you can be the spearhead, you can do whatever you want to do, but every one of those 11 million people will be voting Democratic. It's just the way it works and you have to be very, very careful because you could say that to a certain extent, the odds aren't looking so great right now for Republicans, that you're on a suicide mission. You're just not going to get those votes."
Filed under: CPAC • Donald Trump
This guy just likes to think he has some relevancy in polittics, just because you have money does not mean you have brains
March 15, 2013 03:01 pm at 3:01 pm |
Romney is Still NOT My Hero
@freya
Somebody really ought to put Donald's toupee out of it's misery.
Somebody already did. The problem is that he just scraped it off the road and put it back on.
sbilly
Take the Iraqi oil.... how??? invade them again!!! the Genius of Trump never ceases
Non-stop laughs for "The Donald" he should be doing stand up.
M-W-T
trump's just not worth commenting on......all the rest at cpac are losers......if THIS is the best you've got....why even bother???????
Darn, I thought the headline meant he was going on a suicide mission. I was ready to help him pack.
Studies have shown that the economy does better under Democratic leadership. I am becoming more convinced that the Donald, being a business man, says the things he says to help out the democratic party which helps his bottom line. It is a win/win for him as the right pays him to come spew his nonsense and then democrats win and the economy is stronger.
Set DiVo to record...
And take a nap...this will be the rhetoric until this is over...yawn...same ol stuff different day...doesn't work anymore...zzz
Blah blah the wheel's off your trailer
Now in terms of our Iraqi war veterans, republicans can't wait to take a photo-op with our Veterans but when they return home from war, republicans can't forget about them fast enough. During the debt celing compromise two year ago, stressing deficit reduction, the GOPT killed a bill to get 120,000 homeless Veterans off the streets, while they continued lucrative tax breaks for the wealthy. The GOP even had a problem with the GI bill. During the Republican National Convention, Mitt Romney NEVER mentioned our service men and women in combat or abroad once. When asked why he didn't mention our Veterans, he replied that there was no need to go through a long laundry list. So just imagine our troops are serving our nation, fighting and dying for our freedom and to Mitt Romney, our Veterans are just an expendible body of laundry list. Appalling. Then just a year ago, republicans Joe Walsh attacked double amputee Iraqi war Veteran Tammy Duckworth and riled that "she's no hero." Then at the Democratic National Convention, he followed up on his senseless attacks on Ms. Duckworth by saying that her only concern was what dress she was going to wear at the convention. let's face it, republicans like Donald Trump are a disgrace to America and the world.
Did any of Donald Trumps family serve in the military ?
Didn't think so.
So, don't do the right thing regarding immigration. Only do it if it benefits your party..... OK gotchaa
Larry L
Conservatives who worry about drone use in the U.S. need to think before speaking. In the U.S. if we wanted to kill a person we could use a hundred cheaper methods – most just as effective. A $1 bullet would work. A helfire missile would do it. A hand grenade, an RPG, or an artillery round could be very effective. If we wanted to employ weapons of war in the U.S. we could have done it all along – but chose not to do so. We use drones to kill bad guys on foreign soil because we can't capture them and we don't want them killing us. Drones have saved the lives of many American Service-members. Would we use a drone to take out a terror cell (located in the U.S.) if they were about to unleash a WMD? I hope so.
Ferret out the BS
If the Donald is going to be the spokeman for the GOP we Dems got nothin' to worry about. Actually sounds like he's been spending too much time in Trump tower watching faux news.
How would Rand Paul feel if we used a robot to enter a building during a hostage situation – for the purpose of killing the bad guys and saving the hostages? Is a robot much different from a drone?
There you go. You can be a billionaire but still be stupid. Keep your priorities right.
Yes, Donald Trump's father did serve in the military. That's in Adolph Hitler's Third Reich during WWII.
tweedledee
Trump: This is downright is caparicious and arbitrary.
Officer: Your fly is open.
Whenever this man talks, look at him closely. His mouth forms like a booty hole. And what comes out of his mouth is exactly what his mouth looks like.
The Dead Critic
Want to hear something else that's insane?! Back in the 70's I drove a car (Honda, manual shift, 4 speed civic if I remember right...yikes..old age!) that got 42 mpg. 42!!! By my calculations, cars today at a bare MINIMUM should be getting 60 mpg standard...ON AVERAGE! Part of the problem is obvious...IDIOTIC consumers demanding gas guzzling mid size vehicles.
The people in this country for the past 3 decades are just morons.....and have NO COMMON SENSE about anything.
ringling brothers is small cake compared to these clowns
Beverly - NYC
CPAC sure has a large clown car this year. A bunch of sore losers (Romney , Paul) and people who will never be President ( Rubio, Santorum Jindal Haley etc) giving each other permission to stay the same. Enjoy the politican wilderness Rebublicans.
Rosslaw
The lead in to this article got my hopes up with the thought that Trump was going to wear a suicide toupee and walk into the republican congressional play pen with it. Instead we just have a four time bankrupt who can't make money running a casino giving financial advice to people who still think the gold standard is a good idea. That had to be just precious.
Randy, San Francisco
Trump is wrong. It is the Republican/Tea Party that is in a total mess. When will the Republican establishment take back the party from extremists and libertarians?
Bill, NY
Mr. Trump, Dick Cheney's good buddies at Halliburton made many, many billions from that war. Funny you don't mention that. This article also neglected to print that Mr. Trump also said immigration for Europeans is great(whites only). Mr. Trump also forgot to address the most serious spending issue: CORRUPTION AND GRAFT!. Those two things are amongst the biggest drains on our economy. These republicans won't talk about it as it is the biggest source of income for their donors and lobbyists. $800 for a hammer? Billions in Medicare and medicaid paid to businesses that do not exist? Come on! Give me a break!
Trump is a prime example of what is wrong with the Republican party today. They gave Trump the floor at their meeting allowing him to show his complete ignorance with all the swell headed bluster he could muster. Getting oll from Iraq is a perfect example, he wants us to go over there again and take over the country? Take the oil at gunpoint? That worked so well the first time, didn't it. Next up is that nit wit Sarah Palin...now she is relevant ! Dumb, dumb, dumb. All noise, no substance. Does being consevative mean being noisy and stupid?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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fanatix | IGNORE Home Page - Featured Posts 1 | Welsh star Williams happy to answer the Lions SOS call
Welsh star Williams happy to answer the Lions SOS call
Scott Hazlewood
Injuries start to bite British and Irish side hard during Australian tour.
Shane Williams said he was very proud to help out the British and Irish Lions in his cameo tour appearance in the countdown to this weekend's opening Test against the Wallabies.
The Welsh wing great has made a dash from Japan where he was playing club rugby to break his two-year international retirement and help the overstretched Lions ease their workload and play in a one-off against Australian Super 15 conference leaders ACT Brumbies in Canberra on Tuesday.
Williams, 36, said he was in bed on Saturday night having played against the top team in Japan when the phone rang.
"(Lions coach) Rob Howley phoned me in my hotel room at about 11pm on Saturday night asking if I would help out the Lions by playing on Tuesday," Williams said.
"There was no way I was going to say no," said Williams, who irrespectively was due to travel to Brisbane this week to work at the Test match as a British radio summariser.
"I'm happy to be here and I'm enjoying myself.
"Four years ago in Johannesburg was a great day for me and the Lions. It was unfortunate we lost the series, but I came off that field immensely proud thinking that was the last time I'd wear the Lions jersey and I've thought that for the last four years.
"To be given this opportunity again is really a dream come true – and completely out of the blue. I knew nothing about it.
"I appreciate the Lions have had a lot of injuries during this tough tour so far and if me playing tomorrow helps the Lions to recover, and do whatever it is best to prepare for Saturday and win that game, then I am very proud to be a part of it."
Williams has toured twice with the Lions and scored two tries on his last appearance in the third Test triumph in South Africa four years ago.
The man with the twinkling feet has scored 60 tries in 91 Tests for Wales and the Lions.
Williams is the seventh player summoned to Australia so far to help out the injury-hit Lions and he will be among six reinforcements in the tourists' matchday 23-man squad playing against Jake White's Brumbies.
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This book provides a comprehensive overview for the use of femtocells in smart Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Femtocells will help mobile operators to provide a basis for the next generation of services which are a combination of voice, video, and data services to mobile users. This book discusses modelling traffic and deployment strategies in femtocells and provides a review for the use of femtocells and their applications in IoT environments. Moreover, it highlights the efficient real-time medium access, data delivery, caching and security aspects in smart spaces. It concludes by presenting open research issues associated with smart IoT-femtocell based applications.
1. Introduction. 2. Femtocells in the Forthcoming 5G/IoT. 3. Energy Efficiency Perspectives of Femtocells in IoT. 4. Modelling Green Femtocells in Smart-Grids. 5. Agile Medium Access in Smart-cities Vehicular-IoT. 6. G-enabled Devices and Smart-Spaces in Social-IoT. 7. SWARM-based Data Delivery in Social-IoT. 8. Mobile Couriers' Selection in Smart Cities' IoT. 9. Cognitive Caching in Fog-based IoT. 10. Secure Access for Mobile Applications in Industrial IoT. 11. Green Femtocells in the IoT Era: An Overview. 12. Conclusions and Future Directions.
Prof. Dr. Fadi Al-Turjman is a Professor at Antalya Bilim University, Turkey. He received his Ph.D. degree in computer science from Queen's University, Canada, in 2011. He is a leading authority in the areas of smart/cognitive, wireless and mobile networks' architectures, protocols, deployments, and performance evaluation. His record spans more than 170 publications in journals, conferences, patents, books, and book chapters, in addition to numerous keynotes and plenary talks at flagship venues. He has received several recognitions and best papers' awards at top international conferences, and led a number of international symposia and workshops in flagship ComSoc conferences. He is serving as the Lead Guest Editor in several journals including the IET Wireless Sensor Systems (WSS), MDPI Sensors, and Wiley Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (WCMC). He is also the publication chair for the IEEE International Conf. on Local Computer Networks (LCN'18). He is the sole author for four recently published books about cognition and wireless sensor network deployments in smart environments with Taylor and Francis, CRC New York (a top tier publisher in the area).


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Vapers and advocates:
There is never a dull moment when you are involved in the fight to keep vaping products accessible and affordable to adult smokers. Whether it is state or local legislation that would do great harm to vape shops, members of the media wanting to paint a salacious picture of the industry and consumers, or genuine public health advocates being attacked for having a rational attitude on harm reduction, not a day goes without something exciting (and often anger-inducing) happening.
As expected, 2018 has been an absolutely crazy year thus far and it shows no signs of slowing down. While the vaping community has been successful in stopping harmful bills in states across the country, our opponents are setting the stage for future battles by drumming up hundreds of scare stories in the media each month. And all this comes at a time when FDA Commissioner Dr. Scott Gottlieb is signaling that the agency is readying itself to get much more aggressive in its stance towards vaping products.
No one ever said it was going to be easy to fundamentally transform the multi-billion dollar global tobacco industry. So long as we don't give up the fight, I firmly believe that harm reduction will win the day.
Below you will find a brief update on some of our work in the media and a small selection of the state legislative battles we have been tracking.
As always, we want to thank every person and company who has provided us financial support, as well as the dozens of vaping and non-vaping organizations that we have worked with at various points this year. See our website for information on making a donation.
Gregory Conley
President — American Vaping Association
AVA IN THE MEDIA UPDATE
As many vapers are aware, the media is churning out scare stories about JUUL — a pod-style vapor product that uses nicotine salts to deliver nicotine more efficiently to the user — at a breakneck speed. You can check out our comments in stories from the New York Times, Winston-Salem Journal (recommended reading), WebMD, CNN, and HealthDay. We also gave comments to HealthDay about a study on the potential toxicity of e-liquids and to the Washington Examiner about the current debate around vaping products and the FDA.
Additionally, AVA President Gregory Conley had two editorials published recently:
USA Today — Vaping products help smokers quit
CSP News — Balancing hope, caution for vaping's future
STATE LEGISLATIVE UPDATE
Yesterday, the Senate Finance Committee took testimony on H0922, a revenue bill being heard as part of the yearly budget process that would impose a 46% wholesale tax on vapor products. While the rate is half that of Vermont's 92% rate on 'other tobacco products' like smokeless tobacco, the 46% is still unjustifiable. Vermont Governor Phil Scott (R) is opposed to new taxes and his office appears to agree that this proposal constitutes a tax hike. We are hopeful that common sense will prevail. [CASAA Call to Action]
AVA President Gregory Conley gave testimony in his home state twice this month before the Assembly and Senate Budget Committees in opposition to a 75% wholesale tax on vapor products that has been proposed by Gov. Phil Murphy (D). Also testifying were Mark Anton of the New Jersey Vapor Rights Coalition and SFATA, as well as several retail store owners. Despite New Jersey's reputation as a state that is unfriendly to small businesses and hostile to nicotine products, the committee members seemed very receptive to our message. We even had one Democrat committee member tell us privately that family members had quit smoking with vaping. However, a great amount of work still needs to be done, as getting a tax out of a proposed budget is rarely an easy task. [CASAA Call to Action]
Florida's Constitutional Revision Committee wants voters to decide in November whether vaping should treated the same as cigarettes under its anti-smoking law … and whether oil drilling should be banned along the Florida coastline. No, they're not asking two separate ballot questions — if you live in Florida and want to stop oil drilling along the coast (something that Florida residents favor in large numbers), you must also vote to redefine 'smoking' to include vaping. There is still time to stop this absurd language from making the ballot. [CASAA Call to Action]
AVA President Gregory Conley testifying in Rhode Island
Like many state business organizations, the Rhode Island Chapter of SFATA has been forced to defend itself against negative bills almost every year. This year is no exception, with Gov. Gina Raimondo (D) proposing an 80% wholesale tax on all vapor products, including devices, as part of her yearly budget. Large groups of retailers and consumers turned out on two separate nights to provide testimony before committees in the House and Senate, including AVA's Gregory Conley at the House hearing. At the moment, it looks like the Governor's office is willing to remove devices from the bill, but 80% on e-liquids and cartridges is nonetheless a guaranteed business killer, especially in a small state like Rhode Island. [CASAA Call to Action]
For the second year in a row, Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D) included in his yearly budget proposal a new excise tax of 10 cents per mL on all liquid-containing vapor products (i.e., bottles and pre-filled cartridges). Even worse, last year when the same tax was proposed, Democrats in the Assembly tried to quadruple the tax to 40 cents per mL.
With the budget passed and signed by Gov. Cuomo, we are happy to report that the tax was not included. We want to thank the New York State Vapor Association for the great work they are doing in Albany. Members of the organization's volunteer board have taken numerous trips to Albany to educate lawmakers on the impact the tax would have on small businesses and consumers. New York is not only a highly influential state, but it's also a very expensive state to lobby in, so any support businesses can provide to NYSVA would be put to very good use.
For years, some Alaska legislators have tried and failed to pass a comprehensive indoor smoking ban. Once vapor products gained popularity, authors of the legislation inserted e-cigarette use into their bill, with the goal of prohibiting vaping everywhere smoking is banned in the state. Not only is this not justified by the science, but the law went further than other states by setting strict rules on where vape shops can open if they want to permit vaping in the store.
Yesterday, the House Rules Committee passed through this year's version of smoking ban, SB 63. However, unlike the version that passed the State Senate earlier this year, this amended version does not include language affecting vaping or marijuana use, reports Alaska Public Media. This appears to be thanks to the effort of Rules Chair Rep. Gabrielle LeDoux, who had previously declined to hold a hearing on the bill due to lingering questions about the impact the bill will have on the state.
Only time will tell if the smoking ban passes this year. There will almost certainly be attempts by anti-vaping activists to add vaping back to the bill. In order to become, the bill will have to pass the House, pass the Senate for a second time in its amended form, and be signed by the Governor.
Tagged with advocacy, Alaska, AVA News, Florida, fundraising, legislation, Naked 100, New Jersey, new york, Rhode Island, state advocacy, VapesGiving, Vermont April 12, 2018 by Gregory Conley
←University of Michigan study: Potential of vaping to benefit public health exceeds its risks
Iowa AG Tom Miller (D): JUUL offers opportunity to reduce smoking rates→
Arkansas AG Leslie Rutledge Takes Action Against eBay Vape Seller
Behold, the Gateway Effect: CDC Reports 50%+ Decline in Smoking by 18-24 Year-Olds Since 2014
Public Health England Strikes Back at False Claims About Their "At Least 95% Safer" Estimate
The Facts on "Vaping-Related" Lung Illnesses & Deaths
Conservative Groups Urge President Trump To Protect Vapers from Flavored Product Ban
CASAA (Consumer Advocates for Smoke-Free Alternatives Association)
SFATA (Smoke-Free Alternatives Trade Association)
Right to be Smoke-Free Coalition
Not Blowing Smoke
AEMSA (American E-Liquid Manufacturing Standards Association)
Vapor Technology Association
AVA Facebook Page
Greg Conley on Twitter
Gregory ConleyFollow
President @AVABoard. Tobacco #harmreduction advocate. #Vaping saves lives. Contact: 6O9-947-8O59 gconley[at]vaping[dot]org
Retweet on TwitterGregory Conley Retweeted
Jim McDonald@whycherrywhy·
Truth Initiative says nicotine is clearly a gateway to...everything.
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-study-raises-concerns-that-youth-vaping-nicotine-may-reverse-declines-in-other-drug-use-300987725.html
AVA on Twitter
American Vaping AssnFollow
Championing vapor products for smokers looking to quit. #Vaping Saves Lives. Contact: gconley[at]https://t.co/ywuLm4Igou, (6O9) 947 - 8O59
American Vaping Assn@AVABoard·
"When targets of such communications realize they're being lied to, they tend to tune out all the information from official sources because they know it's not really unbiased, scientific, or seeking the truth."
https://reason.com/2020/01/14/gaze-upon-the-worst-anti-vaping-poster-ever-and-despair/ #VapingSavesLives
© 2020 American Vaping Association. All Rights Reserved. Web Development by WP Fangirl.


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Qatar says tightening Iran sanctions harm oil-consuming nations.
May 1, 2019 Middle East, Business, Featured, More Sections, Worldwide Leave a comment 647 Views
The foreign minister of Qatar said on Wednesday that Washington's decision not to extend sanction waivers on Iranian oil exports would harm countries that rely on the supplies.
The United States has demanded that buyers of Iranian oil stop purchases by May 1 or face the prospect of sanctions, ending six months of waivers that had allowed Iran's eight biggest customers, most of them in Asia, to import limited volumes.
"The sanctions should not be extended because they have an adverse impact on countries benefiting from Iranian oil," Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman al-Thani told a press conference in Doha.
"In Qatar, we do not believe unilateral sanctions bring positive effects for crises which must be solved through dialogue and dialogue only," he added.
Oil markets have tightened this year due to supply cuts led by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The White House said after its Iran move that it was working with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates to ensure oil markets were "adequately supplied".
Qatar, one of OPEC's smallest oil producers, in December, quit the exporting group to focus on maintaining its position as the world's top liquefied natural gas exporter, a move seen as a swipe at OPEC's de facto leader, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, and Egypt cut diplomatic and trade ties with Qatar in June 2017, accusing it of supporting terrorism and their regional foe Iran. Doha denies the charges and says the boycott aims to impinge on its sovereignty.
Sheikh Mohammed said there was no sign of a thaw in the row.
"Unfortunately, we still see the same behavior of the blockading states of stubbornness and denial. We hope that one day they will go back to the wisdom and will come back to the table and address the grievances in front of us," he said.
In November, the minister said Doha would continue to deal with Iran, which helped Qatar to secure supplies when the boycott was first imposed, and that it was ready to mediate between Washington and Tehran.
Tags Doha Iran Oil Opec Qatar Trump USA
Egyptologists have uncovered a Pharaonic tomb near the capital Cairo containing what may be the …


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Attard
Birgu - Vittoriosa
Kalkara
Valletta City
Victoria - Rabat
Attard (1)
Birgu - Vittoriosa (1)
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Best Historic Sites in Malta
With its strategic position in the centre of the Mediterranean, Malta has an incredibly colourful past. It is today a magnet for history buffs as well as visitors willing to learn the story behind such suggestive buildings and locations.
Arabs, Knights, French and English have all laid claim to the Maltese islands over the past centuries and have all left a significant mark on the culture and geography of Malta and its people... as did the in no small way the Roman Catholic church. The most evocative legacy is certainly that left by the Knights of St John with the medieval built towns of Valletta, Mdina and the Three Cities. However, churches, palazzos, theatres, gardens, war rooms and many other historical buildings built in later years are also today still standing as witnesses to Malta's chequered history. The past decade or so has seen a strong resurgence of awareness and pride in the Maltese to preserve these historical gems and it must be said that a very good job is being done by both the public and private sector to restoreand promotethese priceless treasures in Malta and Gozo.
Filter Historic Sites in Malta
Teatru Manoel
History and CultureHistoric Sites
Teatru Manoel, built in 1732 by Grand Master Antonio Manoel de Vilhena, and designed to provide Honest Entertainment to the Public, has gone through a lot of changes in.....
Casa Bernard
Walking down any old Maltese winding street with limestone walls and wooden balconies, there are very few clues of what lies within the often crumbling façades. Importan...
The Wignacourt Museum
The Wignacourt Museum is a historical gem situated adjacent to Rabat's Parish Church of St Paul. The original building was commissioned as a baroque residence of the Chap...
The Old Prison
The Old Prison was in use from the mid-16th century until the beginning of the 20th century. It is situated in Gozo's Citadel, overlooking Cathedral Square and adjacent ...
St James Cavalier Centre for Creativity
St James Cavalier Centre for Creatvity was set up in 2000 as Malta's Millenium Project. Situated in the imposing fortifications of Valletta, the Centre houses cultural sp...
Inquisitor's Palace
Located in the historic town of Birgu (Vittoriosa), the Inquisitor's Palace is one of the very few surviving examples of a style of palace found all over Europe and South...
The Saluting Battery
The Saluting Battery is one of Malta's most popular attractions where history is brought to life daily. A noon-day gun is still operated daily at this site to mark the pa...
Lascaris War Rooms
The Lascaris War Rooms are a great attraction just a few minutes walk from the centre of Valletta that have been recently and expertly restored by Fondazzjoni Wirt Artna ...
Palace State Rooms
In the heart of Malta's world heritage capital Valletta is the Presidential Palace and its magnificent State Rooms. This city, founded by Grandmaster Jean Parisot de La V...
St Johns Co Cathedral
While its stark facade does nothing to indicate what artistic treasures lie within, the moment you step inside this divine monument you will quickly understand why this i...
Palazzo Falson Historic House Museum
Palazzo Falson Historic House Museum is a recent addition to the picturesque city of Mdina. It was opened in May 2007 after five years of restoration. The architecture of...
Ta' Kola Windmill
Ta' Kola Windmill is situated in the heart of the village of Xaghra, Gozo, and is one of the few surviving windmills on the Maltese Islands dating back to the Knights' Pe...


Coptic Christians, who make up 10 percent of Egypt's population, are living in fear after a string of attacks against churches, businesses and homes they say were carried out by angry supporters of ousted Islamist president Mohammed Morsi.
Egypt's Christians have been victims of numerous attacks they say were perpetrated by supporters of deposed Islamist president Mohammed Morsi, who have themselves been the subject of a brutal crackdown by state police that began Wednesday.
Coptic Christians say they are living in fear after a string of attacks against churches, businesses and homes.
As police dispersed Morsi supporters from two Cairo squares on Wednesday, attackers torched churches across the country in an apparent response.
The Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR), a local NGO, said at least 25 churches were torched on Wednesday and Thursday, and that attackers also targeted Christian schools, shops and homes across 10 of Egypt's 27 provinces.
Guindy said Morsi supporters had targeted them in response to Coptic Pope Tawadros II's support for the July 3 coup that ousted the Islamist leader.
The Maspero Youth Union, which documented abuses against Christians during Morsi's one year in office, also laid blame for the attacks on supporters of the ousted leader.
"Maspero Youth Union condemns the terrorism Copts are facing now in Egypt after supporters of ousted president Mohamed Morsi waged a retaliation war against Copts and their churches, homes and businesses," the group said.
"Copts were attacked in nine governorates, causing panic, losses and destruction for no reason and no crimes they committed except being Christians."
Morsi's supporters have often accused Christians of supporting former president Hosni Mubarak, who was ousted in Egypt's 2011 uprising. Ironically, Christians were also targeted when Mubarak was in power.
On Thursday, the country's interim army-installed government described attacks on Egypt's Christians as a "red line" and pledged that authorities would "respond forcefully" to any new attack.
Shortly afterwards, the defence minister General Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, the army chief who led the coup, pledged that the military would pay for the rebuilding of the churches attacked on Wednesday.
On Thursday morning, interim prime minister Hazem Beblawi also announced he had met with Coptic Pope Tawadros II to express solidarity in the wake of the attacks.
The Muslim Brotherhood made its first comment on the attacks on Thursday evening – a condemnation tempered by the assertion that many Copts supported Morsi's ouster.
"Although some Coptic leaders supported or even participated in the coup, for one reason or another, no such attacks can be justifiable," the group's political arm said on its official Twitter account.
Brotherhood spokesman Gehad el-Haddad had earlier suggested authorities were to blame.


Wet 'n' Wild is Hawaii's waterpark, filled with attractions suited for kids, adults, and everyone in between! This family-friendly theme park allows you to ride down slides solo, share an inner tube with one or two others, or slide around on a 5-person family raft! For the adventurous, try out the Flowrider to surf a continuous wave! Want to relax? Take a break on the Lazy River or grab lunch and relax in the shade! Wet 'n' Wild has something fun for everyone!


text:
Q: how do I print a list of variables and strings into columns in python I'm new to python and trying to build a program that involves a long and tedious list of variables that = strings that I would like to optimize but not sure how, and I am trying to print the variables (which output their corresponding strings) into neat columns instead of the long vertical line of outputs that I currently have.
While there are a few thoroughly answered questions about printing strings into columns, I can't find an answer (correct me if I'm wrong) that that will work with variables and strings instead of just the strings.
an example:
myStr_1 = 'neé'
myStr_2 = 'ümlaut'
myStr_3 = 'skårsgard'
myStr_4 = 'scheiß'
myStr_5 = 'kødd'
# and so on

codec_1 = myStr_1.encode('ascii', error=namereplace)
codec_2 = myStr_2.encode('ascii', error=namereplace)
codec_3 = myStr_3.encode('ascii', error=namereplace)
codec_4 = myStr_4.encode('ascii', error=namereplace)
codec_5 = myStr_5.encode('ascii', error=namereplace)
cap_1 = codec_1.upper()
cap_2 = codec_2.upper()
cap_3 = codec_3.upper()
cap_4 = codec_4.upper()
cap_5 = codec_5.upper()

print("first column: ", cap_1)
print("first column: ", cap_2)
print("second column: ", cap_3)
print("second column: ", cap_4)
print("third ?: ", cap_5)

Could I define a function to do all this, encode and do other stuff to each variable together or all at once instead of writing it out one by one like I have?
One way I tried to format it from an answer I found was like this:
str1 = 'one'
str2 = 'two'
str3 = 'three'
str4 = 'four'
str5 = 'five'
str6 = 'six'
str7 = 'seven'

table_data = [
    [str1, str2, str3]
    [str4, str5, str6]
    [str7, 'eight', '9']
]

for row in table_data:
    print("{: >20} {:>20} {:>20}".format(*row))

but it gave me this error:
TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not tuple
So I'm not sure how to format the variables and print their strings together, and also how to optimize the multiple variables that I have, such that I can enter any input and have the variable effect each input at once instead of tediously copying each variable for each input like in my example. Or in other words, where I have these variables, which I can input n strings into and for example encode each one simultaneously, instead of typing out each string and encode each one separately with a new variable. Hope that makes sense

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


States have to take race into account when drawing maps for legislative, congressional and a host of municipal political districts.
North Carolina is (unofficially) the GOP's policy lab in that numerous party's more controversial policies are first tested there. Its review concluded that race was the predominant factor in drawing the two districts at issue. Monday, North Carolina became the third GOP-controlled state legislature in a row to get its map-drawing skills declared illegal by the Supreme Court.
Kagan, in return, said Alito and the dissenters accepted the word of the North Carolina legislature rather than the three-judge panel that heard evidence in the case and found the congressional districts unacceptable. The overtures are also bad harbingers for an upcoming Wisconsin case that challenges partisan gerrymandering. "W" e applaud the Supreme Court's decision today to affirm the lower court ruling that the maps were racially gerrymandered.
As explained the ruling, states do have to consider race when they draw the lines for a whole host of political district, but they can't make it the sole factor - without strong justification - in determining where district lines will go.
Republicans in the North Carolina legislature tried to argue that their goal for redrawing the lines wasn't about race but rather about partisan advantage. Similarly, the percentage of black voters in the state's newly reconfigured 12th District rose from 43.7 percent to 50.66 percent.
Robin Hayes, the state Republican chairman, said court rulings on redistricting have put legislative mapmakers "in an impossible situation, with their constantly changing standards".
Democrats have accused Republicans of taking a number of steps at the state level, also including laws imposing new requirements on voters such as presenting certain types of government-issued identification, in a bid to suppress the vote of minorities, the poor and others who generally favor Democratic candidates.
On May 15th, it was the state's voter laws. During redistricting, the GOP increased those pluralities to majorities, claiming alternately that the Voting Rights Act forced them to do so (in the case of the 1st) or that they'd ignored race entirely and only considered partisan preferences in the 12th (something that is still permissible). That law protects minority voters and was enacted to address a history of racial discrimination in voting, especially in Southern states. But, the court said, gerrymandering district lines does not violate the Constitution when it's done to gain partisan advantage.
District 12, for its part, had no need for significant total-population changes: It was overpopulated by fewer than 3,000 people out of over 730,000. For District 12, that is all we must do, because North Carolina has made no attempt to justify race-based districting there. They were unanimous in rejecting one of the districts and split 5 to 3 on the other. "This opinion, with Justice (Clarence) Thomas joining the majority, must mean those districts are unconstitutional". Just last week the Supreme Court told them to GTFOH with their voter suppression. The court unanimously ruled that the 1 District was unconstitutional. Since then it has faulted some Republican redistricting efforts for racial reasons. This sort of "packing" actually serves to dilute blacks' voting power in other districts. In that case the challengers lost because they did not produce an alternative map. But they used a odd argument to justify their position: The Voting Rights Act MADE them do it.
"The result has been rigged elections that continue to deny North Carolina voters of their constitutional right to have a voice in choosing their representatives".


text:
by Alexander Hellemans
Ulrich Filippi Oberegger – Improving building design to reach zero-energy consumption
The goal of reaching zero-energy buildings can be met by improving their design and relying on renewable energies
Ulrich Filippi Oberegger is a senior researcher in the energy management in buildings group of the Institute for Renewable Energy of EURAC Research. He tells youris.com about reducing the use of energy by designing buildings, which are integrating so-called passive and active technologies. Passive technologies don't use energy, such as insulation or reflective layers, while active technologies use power, although often very efficiently, such as heat pumps. In turn, this approach will contribute to reducing carbon emissions and securing long-term savings on operational costs. This is what the EU-funded project DIRECTION plans to achieve with three demonstration buildings in three locations, Bolzano, Italy, Valladolid, Spain and Munich, Germany.
What is EURAC's approach for integrating energy-saving measures in buildings?
We are mainly involved in the integrated design process. This means that we are interested in facilitating the exchange of building information between the stakeholders and the actors, namely between architects and engineers. This way, we have a firm grasp of the design process and of all the other phases during the construction of the building and also afterwards, during maintenance operations. We know well the procedures behind all the building phases, the actors that are involved, as well as those who produce all the information.
In practice, how do you reduce the energy needs?
We propose measures to the architects and engineers who are involved in the design phase of the building. Our strategy is to mainly focus our research on basic solutions. We try to reduce the energy needs of the building by exploiting natural resources, like daylight or ground water if possible, or renewable energy, such as solar energy.
Do these measures differ, depending on the climate?
We have different solutions in the three showcase buildings of the project. For example, in our building in Bolzano, where summers are hot and winters very cold, we use mainly highly reflective surfaces. We have light tubes that direct sunlight to the first floor of the building. And we have an internal garden that acts as temperature buffer zone. A very good strategy during summer is to ventilate at night, so you have to cool the building less during the day. During the winter we use heat pumps that exchange heat with ground water.
Are there different building regulations for these sites?
Yes, we have also different approaches to meet the various regulations. We do not make the show cases change their procedures. We use their documents, as they are. We decided on a common structure for these three buildings. We also developed a web platform where you can upload documents, store them and then search for information. We also address other differences, differences in user behaviour and different construction methods.
Do you expect that your research project will lead to energy savings in other buildings in Europe?
All members of the EU have to work on energy efficient buildings because of the European building directives of 2002 and the recast in 2010, which constrains builders to improve the energy performance of buildings, using passive measures, but also improvements of the efficiency of heating and cooling. The 20-20-20 targets of the EU climate and energy package call for a 20% improvement in the EU's energy efficiency, a 20% growth of the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable resources and a 20% reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels. Of course, you need a quite high-share of renewable energy, otherwise this is not possible.
Therefore the Member States have to refurbish a large part of their building stock. And that is not an easy task. Things are progressing much slower than they should. We all have to work together. The industry has to put on the market more innovative products. This will only happen with the help of research institutes. I think many zero-energy buildings will first appear in the public sector. And then, the private sector will follow.
July 2014Roberto Sanz and Álvaro Corredera - Control systems: a new solution for low energy buildings
March 2014Revamping existing buildings to make them energy efficient
March 2014Energy efficient building in the public eye
December 2013BIM: changing the way architects and builders work
Country: Germany, Italy, Spain
In Section Interviews
Reducing the cost of wind energy for a renewable future
The Social Life of Bricks
A hundred percent greener outlook for cities in Turkey
Bio-based insulation materials: the construction industry's best kept secret?
Matteo D'Antoni – In-depth analysis required prior to retrofitting old buildings
Luigi Crema – how to make solar energy systems more widespread
César Alonso: third parties play a key role to making buildings energy efficient
Christel Jimenez - MeeFS aims for a retrofitting solution as universal as possible


text:
Cannon Fodder is a video game series.

Cannon Fodder may also refer to:

 Cannon fodder, a derogatory term used for expendable soldiers
 Cannon Fodder (film), a 2013 Israeli zombie film
 Cannon Fodder (video game), the first game in the series
 Cannon-Fodder, an unfinished novel by Louis-Ferdinand Céline (1894–1961)
 Cannon Fodder, the final segment of Katsuhiro Otomo's 1995 animated film anthology Memories

See also
 Canon Fodder, a 2000 AD comics series

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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County Prepares to Send Evacuees Home as Early as Next Week
After several long weeks away from their homes, over 60 families displaced by the Clark Fork River flood of 2018 may be allowed to return home sometime next week, conditions permitting.
Director of Missoula County's Office of Emergency Management Adriane Beck said affected parties are encouraged to attend a public meeting this Sunday at 2:00 p.m. at Hawthorne School on South 3rd Street West.
"At this meeting it's really just the initial introduction to the recovery phase," said Beck. "We have compiled a packet from all of our government entities, such as our office, the health department as well as the flood plain and public works for building officials. Northwestern Energy, the Red Cross, all of the agencies and organizations that are active in interacting with people who may have been impacted by the flood."
Beck said there are dangers that returning evacuees should watch out for as they head back to their properties.
"That's part of what's in the recovery packet, hazards to be aware of," she said. "There are health concerns relative to their well and septic. We're also going to ask them to do an initial damage assessment so that we have a better idea of the amount of damage to private property."
Beck said there are two categories involved with assessing the monetary damage from this year's flood.
"There's the damage done to public infrastructure, roads, bridges and those kinds of things," she said. "We're also estimating the cost of the county's response, such as overtime and dedicated resources to this flood event. As far as our estimates, we're right about at $280,000 for emergency response and we're still estimating the damage to roads. Part of the meeting on Sunday will be a damage assessment form so that we can estimate the damage to private property. All that information is important for us as we try to tabulate the ultimate cost of this disaster, which will determine whether or not we are eligible for other funding mechanisms either from the state or from the federal government."
Categories: Bozeman News
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text:
package org.apache.syncope.client.console.wizards.resources;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.syncope.client.console.rest.PolicyRestClient;
import org.apache.syncope.client.console.wicket.markup.html.form.AjaxDropDownChoicePanel;
import org.apache.syncope.client.console.wicket.markup.html.form.PolicyRenderer;
import org.apache.syncope.common.lib.policy.AbstractPolicyTO;
import org.apache.syncope.common.lib.to.ResourceTO;
import org.apache.syncope.common.lib.types.PolicyType;
import org.apache.wicket.extensions.wizard.WizardStep;
import org.apache.wicket.markup.html.WebMarkupContainer;
import org.apache.wicket.markup.html.form.DropDownChoice;
import org.apache.wicket.model.IModel;
import org.apache.wicket.model.LoadableDetachableModel;
import org.apache.wicket.model.PropertyModel;
import org.apache.wicket.model.ResourceModel;

public class ResourceSecurityPanel extends WizardStep {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7982691107029848579L;

    private final PolicyRestClient policyRestClient = new PolicyRestClient();

    private final IModel<Map<String, String>> passwordPolicies = new LoadableDetachableModel<Map<String, String>>() {

        private static final long serialVersionUID = 5275935387613157437L;

        @Override
        protected Map<String, String> load() {
            Map<String, String> res = new HashMap<>();
            for (AbstractPolicyTO policyTO : policyRestClient.getPolicies(PolicyType.PASSWORD)) {
                res.put(policyTO.getKey(), policyTO.getDescription());
            }
            return res;
        }
    };

    private final IModel<Map<String, String>> accountPolicies = new LoadableDetachableModel<Map<String, String>>() {

        private static final long serialVersionUID = -2012833443695917883L;

        @Override
        protected Map<String, String> load() {
            Map<String, String> res = new HashMap<>();
            for (AbstractPolicyTO policyTO : policyRestClient.getPolicies(PolicyType.ACCOUNT)) {
                res.put(policyTO.getKey(), policyTO.getDescription());
            }
            return res;
        }
    };

    private final IModel<Map<String, String>> pullPolicies = new LoadableDetachableModel<Map<String, String>>() {

        private static final long serialVersionUID = -2012833443695917883L;

        @Override
        protected Map<String, String> load() {
            Map<String, String> res = new HashMap<>();
            for (AbstractPolicyTO policyTO : policyRestClient.getPolicies(PolicyType.PULL)) {
                res.put(policyTO.getKey(), policyTO.getDescription());
            }
            return res;
        }
    };

    public ResourceSecurityPanel(final ResourceTO resourceTO) {
        super();
        setOutputMarkupId(true);

        final WebMarkupContainer container = new WebMarkupContainer("container");
        container.setOutputMarkupId(true);
        container.setRenderBodyOnly(true);
        add(container);

        // -------------------------------
        // Password policy selection
        // -------------------------------
        AjaxDropDownChoicePanel<String> passwordPolicy = new AjaxDropDownChoicePanel<>(
                "passwordPolicy",
                new ResourceModel("passwordPolicy", "passwordPolicy").getObject(),
                new PropertyModel<String>(resourceTO, "passwordPolicy"),
                false);
        passwordPolicy.setChoiceRenderer(new PolicyRenderer(passwordPolicies));
        passwordPolicy.setChoices(new ArrayList<>(passwordPolicies.getObject().keySet()));
        ((DropDownChoice<?>) passwordPolicy.getField()).setNullValid(true);
        container.add(passwordPolicy);
        // -------------------------------

        // -------------------------------
        // Account policy selection
        // -------------------------------
        AjaxDropDownChoicePanel<String> accountPolicy = new AjaxDropDownChoicePanel<>(
                "accountPolicy",
                new ResourceModel("accountPolicy", "accountPolicy").getObject(),
                new PropertyModel<String>(resourceTO, "accountPolicy"),
                false);
        accountPolicy.setChoiceRenderer(new PolicyRenderer(accountPolicies));
        accountPolicy.setChoices(new ArrayList<>(accountPolicies.getObject().keySet()));
        ((DropDownChoice<?>) accountPolicy.getField()).setNullValid(true);
        container.add(accountPolicy);
        // -------------------------------

        // -------------------------------
        // Pull policy selection
        // -------------------------------
        AjaxDropDownChoicePanel<String> pullPolicy = new AjaxDropDownChoicePanel<>(
                "pullPolicy",
                new ResourceModel("pullPolicy", "pullPolicy").getObject(),
                new PropertyModel<String>(resourceTO, "pullPolicy"),
                false);
        pullPolicy.setChoiceRenderer(new PolicyRenderer(pullPolicies));
        pullPolicy.setChoices(new ArrayList<>(pullPolicies.getObject().keySet()));
        ((DropDownChoice<?>) pullPolicy.getField()).setNullValid(true);
        container.add(pullPolicy);
        // -------------------------------
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Good luck all ! Thanks for this !
Now it's all good. Looks like the problems was from the fact that the server was overload.
Hello everyone. Since I got permanent ban I would like to have my truckersmp account removed from the website. How can I do that ? I was thinking to try at truckersmp feedback email but I always got back that the email could not be sent to that email address. Thank you !
Yeah because 90% are reckless kids that love to ram people.
Mod Version: Version 0.2.1.7.0 Controllers Used: Keyboard and joystick Description of Issue: After the last update looks like the old problem is back. The truck is steering to right when you don't expect and sometimes it drives itself backwards. How to reproduce: Just normal driving Screenshots / Videos: None.
I tried all the things to fix it but works just for some time. New profile, no mods, no cheat but still crashes very often no matter where I am.
Cars are cool when you're bored to try to deliver trailers and get rammed by others with cars :)) . But a truck with pilot paint was better and good looking !
I hope will be so easy to fix it.
Hope so, it's very frustrating to try do downgrade and get the same version of the game. i tried and beta 1.27 but without success.
Last time took a few days to update truckersmp. Weird is that I can't downgrade the game.
I get the same thing and the option before to go in betas and add temporary 1.27 doens't work now.
I see no new cargos in the game with the new update. Max cargos of 25 tons.


To help increase awareness among instructors, the University launched a faculty focus group to study the issue of online teaching. Professor of English Stephen Yandell, who has never taught or taken an online class, is co-leading the group with management professor Rashmi Assudani, whose doctoral research focused on managing virtual teams.
The group falls under the direction of the Center for Teaching Excellence—a faculty development think tank that began in the Fall 2010 and is designed to facilitate collaborative reflection and discussion about teaching. To do so, the Center organizes a consistent array of periodic, ongoing and regularly scheduled programs, including: Panel Discussions on foundational educational subjects; Brown Bag Lunches on issues within Xavier or higher education; The Coffeehouse, which is an open forum on various issues; Chronicle Conversations, which delve deeper into an article from the Chronicle of Higher Education; and Workshops, informal continuing education efforts.
The Center also sponsors several learning programs, such as: A pilot Faculty-in-Residence Program that provides access to some of the University's top teachers; Faculty Learning Communities, which are cross-disciplinary groups that engage in a yearlong collaboration exploring an issue related to teaching and learning; Teaching Mentoring Pairs Program in which faculty members observe one another, teach and talk about the experience; and the Faculty Fellows Program in which Fellows spend a summer and one semester working on a project that significantly impacts some academic activity.
When it comes to teaching with technology, Stephen Yandell is torn.
On one hand, the professor of medieval English literature embraces the traditional classroom with its face-to-face instruction and eschews recent advances in web-based curriculum. On the other, he's intrigued by the wide variety of user-friendly technologies transforming the form, feel and delivery of higher education in today's globally focused, Internet-dependent world.
Skeptical, he says, because online classes have a tarnished reputation for being too easy. Excited because today's technology allows for innovative and creative ways to study almost any topic.
In many ways, Yandell's love-hate relationship exemplifies the fear and fascination sweeping campus as Xavier begins to chart its path into a realm now dominated by for-profit institutions such as the University of Phoenix.
To this point, Xavier's foray into online classes has been a random, grassroots effort. It started seven or eight years ago, with a handful of pioneering professors who experimented with online tools such as podcasts and discussion boards to reach graduate students in business and education.
Now online classes, mostly graduate level, are offered through all three colleges. Xavier also is on the cusp of a watershed event. The University is expected to unveil its first online degree—a master's degree in Montessori education—as early as Fall 2012.
The availability of online classes at Xavier varies greatly, however, depending on demand in a particular program and the ability and willingness of faculty to make the digital leap from in-class to online.
The result will no doubt define a revolutionary change in higher education but the process is evolutionary, a phenomenon akin to other major technological advances throughout history.
As a result, Xavier and most traditional universities also offer hybrid classes that incorporate traditional classroom instruction with online components.
Online classes have caught on at Xavier—and elsewhere—because they offer students flexibility and require nothing more than a typical PC to participate.
Kelly insists that today's technology is uber easy to use, for teachers and students alike.
The online Montessori master's degree program is making its way through the University's curriculum approval process and must ultimately be reviewed by the Higher Learning Commission to obtain accreditation, says Mark Meyers, dean of the College of Social Sciences, Health, and Education. Approval for a traditional program typically takes a year to 18 months, he says.
Meyers isn't sure how long it will take to get approval for the online Montessori degree because it is the first of its kind at Xavier.
Traditional public and private universities—Jesuit among them—are moving into online programs at a rapid pace, particularly in the last year. The Jesuit universities with established online degree programs include Regis in Denver, Gonzaga in Spokane, Wash., and St. Joseph's in Philadelphia.
But how does Xavier—or any Jesuit university—incorporate and protect Ignatian ideals of pedagogy with online curriculum? It's an important consideration among most faculty at Xavier.
The former chair of the Department of Management Information Systems got on board with online programs several years ago.
Crable, Meyers and other online proponents believe strongly in the importance of maintaining high academic standards and the Ignatian pedagogical ideals for which Xavier is known with any class the University offers.
Proponents contend that a well-structured online class can be at least as challenging—if not more so—than its traditional counterpart. Students in an online class, for example, often are required to participate "in class" by posting comments on a given topic.
No matter how easy the technology is to use, using it well enough to teach effectively takes time and practice, says Roger Effron, an adjunct professor in the School of Education. Effron has taught in traditional classrooms on campus and in a host of non-traditional venues, including Cincinnati-area high schools, in Xavier's video conferencing studio and at an off-site location in Wilmington, Ohio. Last fall, though, he ventured out even farther, teaching a class to Xavier students from his second home in Venice, Fla. Effron says he even recorded a few podcasts of his lectures while sitting poolside.
To be sure, just because today's students live in the Information Age doesn't mean they all want to take online classes. To address both needs, Xavier offers multiple traditional sections for every online version of any class. Sometimes both online and traditional versions of the same course are available during the same semester. In other cases, such as with Effron's classes, the online counterparts are offered during alternating semesters.
The interest in teaching online courses varies widely among Xavier's 318 faculty, and the extent to which an instructor uses online components also varies.
Forgive anyone who suggests that Marco Fatuzzo sometimes keeps his head in the clouds.
All this birthing and dying takes place in molecular clouds, those regions of space with a lot of gas, so that's where the physicist spends his time—in a virtual sort of way, via computer models and data spreadsheets. Examining stars that are one-tenth to 100 times the size of the sun, Fatuzzo seeks to sort out some of the interstellar mysteries.
Imagine that bits of bacteria are actually like herds of cattle. Only tiny. Really, really tiny. Then you can begin to appreciate the challenges that Heidrun Schmitzer faces on a daily basis. The associate professor of physics is charged with corralling these miniscule munchkins while, get this, they are still squirming around inside the human body. No small feat.
Whether you're a physician dealing with cancer drugs, blood cells or body fluids, you end up wanting to pump things through small capillaries or channels. The challenge is how to do that. "You could fabricate tiny metal propellers, but that would be really expensive," she says with a laugh.
The key to these creatures' effectiveness, besides a naturally magnetic personality, is their spiral shape. Think a helix, or corkscrew, capable of speeding to 360 rotations per minute. "The test is in how fast you can transport fluid by dragging something in a whirl," she says, peering into a microscope. A roto-rooter, as it were, on a nano scale.
The foursome endured weekly long-distance confrontations, brutal seven-hour conference calls and face-to-face meetings in an effort to achieve the analysis and introspection necessary to reach some kind of truth. And they did. The culmination of the research was The Authentic Letters of Paul: A New Reading of Paul's Rhetoric and Meaning, a new book that immediately became the publishing house's best-seller ever and forced a second printing after its November release. The tome distinguishes Paul's letters from others attributed to him in the canon, disentangling "composite letters" and attempting to free Paul's voice from 2,000 years of orthodoxy.
Tinkering with the Scriptures or challenging their historical authenticity is, in the eyes of some, blasphemy. Dewey's heard it all before, though. He is a founder of the Healing Deadly Memories Program, which addresses anti-Semitism in the New Testament, and is a member of Jesus Seminar, a group of academics researching the historical Jesus. To him, it's just part of his job as a New Testament scholar.
The first key is determining what Paul actually wrote. It was accepted practice in the ancient world for followers of famous figures to write in their names. That happened with Paul. Dewey and his fellow scholars finally judged just seven letters to be authentically penned by Paul—roughly half those that are attributed to him. So they removed the rest and then reversed the traditional order of chapters.
As a child, Mollie McIntosh was chided by her mother, "Don't play with bugs." She didn't pay attention, and today her world revolves around either grotesque dead bugs or live ones that carry horrid diseases. Eccckk.
McIntosh is Xavier's resident bug brain. The assistant professor of biology is an aquatic ecologist and forensic entomologist with a self-professed passion for scaly, leggy, creepy creatures. Preferably ones that are dripping wet.
McIntosh is still on the trail, however.
Gail Hurst spends a fair amount of her time behind bars. Or inside halfway houses.
Don't get the wrong idea, though. Hurst's forays into the seedy side of Cincinnati are all part of her research role as an associate professor and chair of the Department of Criminal Justice.
Largely through the auspices of the Talbert House—a local social services agency—Hurst works with incarcerated women who are drug addicts and/or physically abused in an attempt to figure out if the services they're offered really help them when they get out.
Hurst, who first got the attention of the criminal justice community for her research on juvenile delinquency, is compiling her data and analyzing results, and she plans to have a research article ready for publication in the fall.
Better, she says, to be pro-active before the offender knocks at (or breaks down) society's door once again.
Ann Marie Tracey has always been on the lookout for the "little guy." As lead prosecutor in the United States Attorney's office for the Southern District of Ohio. As assistant city solicitor for Cincinnati's consumer protection division. As a longtime Common Pleas Court judge. So it's no surprise that in her role as associate professor of legal studies and co-director of the Cintas Institute for Business Ethics, she's still looking out for the little guy. And sometimes the older guy.
Along with a Canadian co-author, Tracey has produced a study titled "Building a New Bridge Over Troubled Waters," examining different approaches in age discrimination in the two countries.
Some people see sports fans as nothing more than people spending their time playing games. Not Christian End. The associate professor of psychology sees diehard NFL types and college boosters as the ultimate petri dish in which to test the predictions of social identity theory, sorting out how people privately and publicly act. When he mulls over human beings and why they do the things they do, he first scans the bleachers and sidelines.
Determining this cause-and-effect has become something of a specialty for End. From tracking sport fan identification in obituaries to the influence of game outcome on romantic relationships, End has found no lack of fodder in the sports/psychology linkage. His published research includes the effects of seat location and ticket cost as indicators of sports fans' potential hostile aggression, and sports fans' impressions of gay male athletes.
It was the height of the winter season in Lima, Peru, a good time to travel around the country and see its sights—the coastal region, the mountains, the Amazon jungle. But Ann Fiegen couldn't get out. The senior was serving as a Brueggeman Fellow last summer, conducting research about public health systems in a developing country, and was holed up inside a nondescript government research lab. While tourism soared, she was getting a firsthand education testing blood, serum and tissue samples for highly contagious mosquito-born viruses—primarily yellow and dengue fevers.
Then it arrived. Among a batch of samples that came in from Cuzco, in the high Andes where a yellow fever outbreak was under way, was a piece of the liver from a person who had died. Fiegen was a little uncertain. Frogs in biology class and blood samples are one thing. Human tissue is something else altogether.
How fitting. Fiegen has been moving forward ever since she came to Xavier from Roseville, Minn. Her freshman biology professor spotted her talent for science and encouraged her to think about going into scientific research if not medical school. Fiegen took the advice and began applying for summer research internships, eventually landing one the summer after her sophomore year at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., where she explored neurological and cognitive diseases. The next summer she won a spot at Harvard University and studied the human papilloma family of viruses.
Both experiences convinced her that she wants to study infectious diseases, including viruses and parasites, with a focus on improving public health systems in developing countries. She credits her toughest biology course at Xavier for honing her interest.
Her final summer stop would be Peru. As she was applying to grad schools in her senior year, she also was awarded a coveted Brueggeman Fellowship by Xavier's Brueggeman Center for Dialogue. She wanted to research public health systems in a developing country, and the Brueggeman program, which sends students on independent research projects to locations around the world, was the perfect way to go. She was placed as an intern in the research lab of the National Institute of Health in Peru and stayed with the family of the institute's director of public health.
Fiegen, who's now enrolled in Harvard's PhD program in virology, spent eight weeks in Peru. Most days, she was in the lab, catching a shuttle bus to the institute south of the city. With more than a third of its population living in poverty, Peru is still struggling to improve its public health. Fiegen's lab work helped define where outbreaks of disease were occurring so that treatment and prevention could be focused on those areas.
She did manage to get out of the research lab for a while, spending a few days with the family touring famous sites like Machu Picchu. But she also was able to visit a remote public health center in the Amazon region for a close-up look at the deplorable conditions researchers there must tolerate. She had to go in by plane to reach the old outpost, where she observed their work testing human tissue samples and water and food supplies for the region.
"They had very poor facilities," Fiegen says. "They were in the middle of the Amazon where it's above 80 to 90 degrees year-round and extremely humid, and most of the buildings did not have air conditioning or an autoclave to sterilize equipment. They had to hand-wash with soap, water and bleach.
For her fellowship, she explored the connections between basic science, clinical applications and public health. What she learned is embedded in the work she's doing today at Harvard.
Last fall, the School of Education began teaming with nearby Pleasant Ridge Montessori Elementary School to develop a professional practices program for Xavier students. The school will showcase Montessori teaching practices and provide professional development for teaching specialties.
Also, the University is partnering with the Jesuit-led Cristo Rey Network of high schools to help Cristo Rey students through scholarship programs, job sponsorships and pre-college summer enrichment programs. The national network of Cristo Rey high schools offer urban students the chance to finance their education through corporate work-study programs in which they gain job experience, self-confidence and an understanding of the relevance of their education.
Topics related to sustainable practices in businesses to leave the earth in as good as or better condition.
The subject, which is important in today's globally competitive environment, encourages students to explore different viewpoints and develop their own mental models.
The course is being developed by assistant professor of management and entrepreneurship Rebecca Luce, who has conducted research on the subject and included pieces of the subject matter in her courses for several years.
The course uses the base-of-the-pyramid market as a basis for integrating an interest in "doing well by doing good" and attention paid to the long-term effects of doing business.
The Academic Service Learning Semester trips often leave a huge imprint on both the students who go on the trips and the impoverished areas where they stay. It's a classic win-win. Sometimes, though, the wins go even further and the imprint the students leave is on the hearts of others. At least that's the case with two Xavier students who went on the trip to Nicaragua last spring. John Fisk and Laren Grove made such an impact on the host family they stayed with, the family named them godparents of their newborn baby, Valentina. Both Fisk and Grove are flying back to Nicarauga in March to be with their godchild for her christening.
When Leon Chartrand was in college at Miami University, he liked to spend his non-studying time running around the streets of campus and would even enter marathons as a means of satisfying his competitive soul. At least until he entered the Las Vegas Marathon. There, in the heart of Sin City, something happened. Something in his soul changed.
The trip was, for the most part, pretty miserable. The airline lost his luggage. It was incredibly hot. And, to cap it all off, the race was boring—13 miles down one flat side of the Strip and 13 miles back up the other.
Halfway through, though, Chartrand lost all interest. His hope gave out. He saw the medical attention van and flagged it down. "Take me back to my hotel," he said. He went upstairs, packed his gear and checked out—literally and figuratively. He drove to the Grand Canyon and spent the next two nights staring at the stars.
The moment led Chartrand to earn a master's degree in theology from Xavier and a doctorate in ecology and theology from the University of Toronto. Today, he's back at Xavier as a visiting professor of theology and trying to share with others the same soul-changing experience he had. While Xavier isn't anywhere near the Grand Canyon, it does have enough natural resources nearby that a similar experience can be recreated. So he and professor of theology Gillian Ahlgren teamed up to create a six-mile-long canoe trip down the Little Miami River that offers first-year students a new way of understanding God, nature and themselves.
For the students, the trip is a twofold lesson in life: first the metaphorical analogy of life's journey, how the river is constantly changing; how obstacles must be avoided; how the current changes speed. Second, how one of the foundational principles of Jesuit education—finding God in all things—is so clearly seen in nature.
Realizing students have a tendency to, well, act like students, Ahlgren and Chartrand instructed them to spend the last half of the journey in silence, simply using their senses to observe all that surrounded them.
A second river trip is planned for the spring with a new crop of first-year students. If all goes well, the experience could be an annual event.
In this case, the goal wasn't entirely his own. He was also raising money for his friend, Ashley Thompson, who was diagnosed with cancer in 2008. Gibson served with Thompson on the Student Activities Council. "She's always been this huge light bulb and sparkplug for our group of friends," he says. "She's always so positive." He raised $4,500 toward her medical bills.
There was plenty of difficulty along the way, but now that he's back in the office, and his metabolism has (almost) recovered, Gibson finds himself missing the journey.
Running Game | Kilgore was one of the first African-American students to enter Xavier. He arrived in 1954 on a football scholarship and played all four years as a running back.
My Alma Mater | With his English degree and teacher's certification, Kilgore returned to his high school, St. Martin de Porres, to teach. He later moved to St. Xavier High School for 10 years before transferring to Crest Hills Middle School where he was a counselor and then principal. He wrapped up his teaching career as a hearing officer for the district before retiring in 1990.
Back To Work | Not one to stay idle long, Kilgore tapped into his experience as both counselor and hearing officer, returning to St. Xavier as a minority consultant and to two public school districts as a hearing officer. At St. Xavier, he helps minority students of all races adjust to the academic expectations and social environments that may be unfamiliar to them. As a hearing officer, he hears cases of students recommended for expulsion by their superintendents. In both positions, he works at being a strong male role model for youth.


Ever feel like the ugly girl? Rosie Avalon doesn't know what to make of the bounty hunter who barreled into her life and turned everything on its head. When he lifts her concealment, Rosie goes from having a face that makes people cringe, to being suddenly beautiful. Bastien promises she'll be safe when he takes her to a world teeming with Fae, Retifs, Brownies and the like, but with a target on her back and too many broken parts in this new magical world, Rosie isn't sure a safe place exists under her evil mother's rule. Now with everyone trying to use her for gifts she never knew she had, Rosie wonders if life was better, back when she was the ugly girl.
Charlotte Worth returns home from a semester studying abroad to find her life just as she left it. Her mother has still abandoned her, her father is still consumed by the book he's been writing for 20 years, and Nana Rosie—her best friend—is still gone. So, when her friend Andrea asks for help with the play she's directing at a community theater in lower Manhattan, Charlotte agrees. But this new adventure becomes something more when she develops an unexpected connection with Graham, the play's moody leading man. She grapples with her growing feelings for him and her fear of letting someone else into her heart—all while the parallels between the content of the play and her parents' marriage force her to confront what it means to forgive, as well as what it means to love. When all that she knows, but has avoided, comes to a head after the success of the play, Charlotte must decide if choosing to love those around her, just as they are, is worth it. And more importantly, whether letting them love her—as fully as they've always wanted to—is what she wants.


Hand woven raffia basket in black dyes with a triangle design. Multiple grass coils are wrapped with raffia in a complicated weaving style that results in these innovative patterns.
Raffia is a renewable, plentiful resource, which comes from palm trees. Baskets of Africa are proud members of the Fair Trade Federation.
Product information. Measures approximately 25 cm in diameter and 7 cm high. Due to its handcrafted nature, each basket varies slightly in size and design. Contains a loop on the back for hanging on the wall.