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From Probabilistic Programming
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 PROBABILISTIC-PROGRAMMING.org

 This website serves as a repository of links and information about probabilistic programming languages, including both academic research spanning theory, algorithms, modeling, and systems, as well as implementations, evaluations, and applications. If you would like to contribute to this site, please contact [http://danroy.org Daniel Roy]. The site is still under construction: please help us link to relevant projects and research! {| align="right" | __TOC__ |}  ==== Join the Probabilistic-Programming mailing list ==== The [http://lists.csail.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/probabilistic-programming probabilistic-programming] mailing list hosted at CSAIL/MIT hopes to support discussion between researchers working in the area of probabilistic programming, but also to provide a means to announce new results, software, workshops, etc. The mailing list is fashioned after the popular "uai" mailing list. == The probabilistic programming approach == Probabilistic graphical models provide a formal lingua franca for modeling and a common target for efficient inference algorithms. Their introduction gave rise to an extensive body of work in machine learning, statistics, robotics, vision, biology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive science. However, many of the most innovative and useful probabilistic models published by the AI, machine learning, and statistics community far outstrip the representational capacity of graphical models and associated inference techniques. Models are communicated using a mix of natural language, pseudo code, and mathematical formulae and solved using special purpose, one-off inference methods. Rather than precise specifications suitable for automatic inference, graphical models typically serve as coarse, high-level descriptions, eliding critical aspects such as fine-grained independence, abstraction and recursion. PROBABILISTIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES aim to close this representational gap, unifying general purpose programming with probabilistic modeling; literally, users specify a probabilistic model in its entirety (e.g., by writing code that generates a sample from the joint distribution) and inference follows automatically given the specification. These languages provide the full power of modern programming languages for describing complex distributions, and can enable reuse of libraries of models, support interactive modeling and formal verification, and provide a much-needed abstraction barrier to foster generic, efficient inference in universal model classes. We believe that the probabilistic programming language approach within AI has the potential to fundamentally change the way we understand, design, build, test and deploy probabilistic systems. This approach has seen growing interest within AI over the last 10 years, yet the endeavor builds on over 40 years of work in range of diverse fields including mathematical logic, theoretical computer science, formal methods, programming languages, as well as machine learning, computational statistics, systems biology, probabilistic AI. == Academic research == Please see our [http://probabilistic-programming.org/research/ collection of research articles on probabilistic programming]. A growing body of literature studies probabilistic programming from an array of perspectives. The individual project pages linked below often contain lists of publications, although we aim to collect these in our own master list as well. A related but distinct body of work is that of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximate_Bayesian_computation Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC)], which focuses on likelihood-free methods, developed originally to tackle statistical queries in population genetics but now applied more broadly. The website for the [http://www.i-like.org.uk/index.html i-Like research programme] links to a number of very interesting articles. Another related area of research is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_relational_learning Statistical Relational Learning], which is in general interested in distributions on structured spaces (e.g., models of first order languages) where there may be uncertainty in the number and types of objects. == Existing probabilistic programming systems == Below we have compiled a list of probabilistic programming systems including languages, implementations/compilers, as well as software libraries for constructing probabilistic models and toolkits for building probabilistic inference algorithms. * [http://alchemy.cs.washington.edu/ Alchemy] is a software package providing a series of algorithms for statistical relational learning and probabilistic logic inference, based on the Markov logic representation. * [http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~fwood/anglican Anglican] is a portable Turing-complete research probabilistic programming language that includes particle MCMC inference. * [http://bayesianlogic.github.io/ BLOG], or Bayesian logic, is a probabilistic programming language with elements of first-order logic, as well as an MCMC-based inference algorithm. BLOG makes it relatively easy to represent uncertainty about the number of underlying objects explaining observed data. * [http://www.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/bugs/ BUGS] is a language for specifying finite graphical models and accompanying software for performing B(ayesian) I(nference) U(sing) G(ibbs) S(ampling), although modern implementations (such as [http://www.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/bugs/ WinBUGS], [http://mcmc-jags.sourceforge.net/ JAGS], and [http://www.openbugs.net/w/FrontPage OpenBUGS]) are based on Metropolis-Hastings. [https://alea.bordeaux.inria.fr/biips/ BiiPS] is an implementation based on interacting particle systems methods like Sequential Monte Carlo. * [http://projects.csail.mit.edu/church/wiki/Church Church] is a universal probabilistic programming language, extending Scheme with probabilistic semantics, and is well suited for describing infinite-dimensional stochastic processes and other recursively-defined generative processes (Goodman, Mansinghka, Roy, Bonawitz and Tenenbaum, 2008). The active implementation of Church is [https://github.com/probmods/webchurch webchurch]. Older implementations include [http://projects.csail.mit.edu/church/wiki/MIT-Church_alpha_test MIT-Church], [http://github.com/stuhlmueller/cosh Cosh], [http://code.google.com/p/bher/ Bher], and [http://github.com/stuhlmueller/jschurch JSChurch]. See also [http://probcomp.csail.mit.edu/venture/ Venture] below. * [http://dimple.probprog.org/ Dimple] is a software tool that performs inference and learning on probabilistic graphical models via belief propagation algorithms or sampling based algorithms. * [http://edwardlib.org/ Edward] is a python library for probabilistic modeling that builds on top of TensorFlow to support distributed training and hardware such as GPUs. * [http://factorie.cs.umass.edu/home FACTORIE] is a Scala library for creating relational factor graphs, estimating parameters and performing inference. * [http://www.cra.com/figaro Figaro] is a Scala library for constructing probabilistic models that also provides a number of built-in reasoning algorithms that can be applied automatically to any constructed models. * [http://okmij.org/ftp/kakuritu/ HANSEI] is a domain-specific language embedded in OCaml, which allows one to express discrete-distribution models with potentially infinite support, perform exact inference as well as importance sampling-based inference, and model inference over inference. * [http://hakaru-dev.github.io/ Hakaru] is a simply-typed probabilistic programming language which offers composable and pluggable inference engines as well as computer-algebra guided program optimization. * [http://www.cs.utah.edu/~hal/HBC/ Hierarchical Bayesian Compiler (HBC)] is a language for expressing and compiler for implementing hierarchical Bayesian models, with a focus on large-dimension discrete models and support for a number of non-parametric process priors. * [http://libbi.org/ LibBi] is a library for Bayesian inference, based largely on the sequential Monte Carlo framework. * [http://code.google.com/p/thebeast/ Markov the Beast] is a software package for statistical relational learning and structured prediction based on Markov logic. * [https://r-nimble.org NIMBLE] is a system for building and sharing analysis methods for statistical models, especially for hierarchical models and computationally-intensive methods. NIMBLE is built in R but compiles your models and algorithms using C++ for speed. NIMBLE borrows the syntax of BUGS. * [http://rjida.meijo-u.ac.jp/prism/ PRISM] is a general programming language for logic-based probabilistic modeling that offers various learning methods for generative modeling (Bayesian and non-Bayesian), discriminative modeing and rank learning. * [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/cambridge/projects/infernet/ Infer.NET] is a software library developed by Microsoft for expressing graphical models and implementing Bayesian inference using a variety of algorithms. * [http://aic-sri-international.github.io/aic-praise/ PRAiSE] is a system performing probabilistic inference without grounding random variables or sampling, but instead performing it exactly and directly over an expressive higher-level language involving difference arithmetic over integers, linear real arithmetic, equality over categorical types, with relational random variables and algebraic data types coming next. * [http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~brooks/probabilistic-c/ Probabilistic-C] is a C-language probabilistic programming system that, using standard compilation tools, automatically produces a compiled parallel inference executable from C-language generative model code. * [https://github.com/joashc/csharp-probability-monad Probabilistic C#] is an expressive monadic probabilistic programming library for Bayesian modelling and inference in C#. Includes a number of composable inference methods including PIMH and SMC. * [http://dtai.cs.kuleuven.be/problog/ ProbLog] is a probabilistic extension of Prolog based on Sato's distribution semantics. While ProbLog1 focuses on calculating the success probability of a query, ProbLog2 can calculate both conditional probabilities and MPE states. * [http://psisolver.org PSI] is a higher-order probabilistic programming language supported by a solver that automatically computes the exact posterior distribution. PSI programs can combine discrete and continuous distributions. * [http://psl.umiacs.umd.edu/ Probabilistic Soft Logic] is a machine learning framework for developing probabilistic models. Models are defined using a straightforward logical syntax and solved via convex optimization. * [http://github.com/pymc-devs/pymc PyMC] is a python module that implements a suite of MCMC algorithms as python classes, and is extremely flexible and applicable to a large suite of problems. PyMC includes methods for summarizing output, plotting, goodness-of-fit and convergence diagnostics. * [http://ias.cs.tum.edu/people/jain/mlns PyMLNs] is a toolbox and software library for learning and inference in Markov logic networks. * [http://research.microsoft.com/r2 R2] is a probabilistic programming system that employs powerful techniques from programming language design, program analysis and verification for scalable and efficient inference. * [https://github.com/tjitze/RankPL RankPL] is a qualitative probabilistic programming language based on Spohn's ranking theory * [http://mc-stan.org/ Stan] exposes a language for defining probability density functions for probabilistic models. Stan includes a compiler, which produces C++ code that performs Bayesian inference via a method similar to Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling. * [http://hazy.cs.wisc.edu/hazy/tuffy/ Tuffy] is a highly scalable inference engine for Markov logic networks using a database backend. * [http://probcomp.csail.mit.edu/venture/ Venture] is an interactive, Turing-complete, higher-order probabilistic programming platform that aims to be sufficiently expressive, extensible and efficient for general-purpose use. Its virtual machine supports multiple scalable, reprogrammable inference strategies, plus two front-end languages: VenChurch and VentureScript. * [http://webppl.org/ WebPPL] A PPL based on and implemented in Javascript. Include MH, SMC, variational, and other experimental inference engines. == Tutorials and Books == * [http://dippl.org The Design and Implementation of Probabilistic Programming Languages]
 An introduction to PPLs and lightweight implementation techniques for sequential Monte Carlo and Metropolis-Hastings. Uses WebPPL. * Probabilistic Models of Cognition Tutorial: [http://probmods.org Church] [http://probmods.org/v2/ WebPPL]
 A Web-based book using Church/WebPPL to introduce probabilistic Cognitive Science and AI. * [http://arxiv.org/abs/1212.4799 Towards common-sense reasoning via conditional simulation: legacies of Turing in Artificial Intelligence]
 Freer, Roy, and Tenenbaum relate Turing's legacy to probabilistic programming approaches in Artificial Intelligence in this book chapter, appearing in a volume edited by Rod Downey, entitled ''Turing's Legacy'' and being published by Cambridge University Press in their ASL Lecture Notes in Logic series. * [http://www.manning.com/pfeffer/ Practical Probabilistic Programming]
 This book provides an introduction to probabilistic programming focusing on practical examples and applications. No prior experience in machine learning or probabilistic reasoning is required. The book uses Figaro to present the examples but the principles are applicable to many probabilistic programming systems. == Workshops == * [[NIPS*2008 Workshop | NIPS*2008 Workshop on Probabilistic Programming]] * [[NIPS*2012 Workshop | NIPS*2012 Workshop on Probabilistic Programming]] * [[NIPS*2014 Workshop | NIPS*2014 Workshop on Probabilistic Programming]] === Related Workshops === * [http://tsi.wfubmc.edu/labs/strait/StaRAI/starai.html 2nd Statistical Relational AI (StaRAI-12) workshop at UAI '12]
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A collection of witt and learning : (miscellaneously digested wherein the substance, as well as froth of the times, may be seen) consisting of verses, poems, songs, sonnetts, ballads, lampoons, libells, letters, discourses; remarques, speeches, orations, declamations, dialogues in all languages and of all nations throughout the universe, with other curiousityes, phancyes, and invention, 1666-1681. Beinecke call number: Osborn b54.
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ZTE plans to launch first smartphone with under-display camera next month – The Verge
If you want to purchase a phone with an under-display front camera right now, you're out of luck. While several companies have tested the feature, none have yet to ship one to consumers. But that should change soon, as ZTE aims to become the first company to mass-produce and ship a phone with an under-display camera next month.
The Axon 20 5G will launch in China on September 1st. ZTE notes in its press release that "all the major industry players" are working on under-display cameras, but it plans to be the first one to get a smartphone with this feature out the door. The Axon 20 5G is said to be the "world's first mass-produced 5G smartphone," according to ZTE.
Several companies have been teasing smartphones with under-display cameras over the last year. Oppo and Xiaomi both showed off prototype smartphones that include a front camera hidden beneath the screen in 2019. Xiaomi explained that its under-display camera would be embedded to the top of the device and covered using a "special-low-reflective glass with high transmittance," allowing the display to become transparent to take pictures. Oppo showed a prototype build of its first phone with the feature to people at MWC Shanghai in 2019, but it needed work. As Engadget wrote in its hands-on from 2019, the camera has a "fair amount of hazing."
ZTE has yet to unveil how much the Axon 20 5G will cost or if it will arrive in other countries
For several years, companies have been moving toward smartphones with edge-to-edge screens. Instead of the front camera occupying some of the screen space, some companies have tried making the front camera pop out from the top of the phone. More recently, Lenovo released a new gaming phone that includes a pop-up selfie camera on the side of the phone. But under-display cameras offer a more elegant solution, without moving parts inside the phone.
ZTE has yet to unveil how much the Axon 20 5G will cost or if it will arrive in other countries. The Chinese telecommunications company did not detail the phone's specs either, but a recent listing by Chinese regulator TENAA, as spotted by XDA-Developers, says the Axon 20 5G will include a 32-megapixel front camera, a 64-megapixel rear camera, an 8-megapixel rear camera, and a pair of two-megapixel rear cameras. Other specs rumored on the phone include a 6.92-inch HD OLED display and up to 12GB of RAM.
https://www.androidcentral.com/how-watch-kerwin-frost-telethon-supershow-stream-virtual-benefit-live-anywhere
How to watch the Kerwin Frost Telethon Supershow live from anywhere
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-smartphones-july/smartphone-shipments-in-china-plunge-35-in-july-government-data-idUSKCN2580UO
Smartphone shipments in China plunge 35% in July: government data – Reuters
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


School elections are just around the corner! That should mean it's go time for Kitamura, but for some unknown reason, he's bleached his hair and is refusing to run for Student Council President. The drama sends Taiga into a flaming rage and it's not long until she is rampaging into classrooms and getting into fights. Just what is the Palmtop Tiger up to now?


How do I hide the grout lines in my tile countertop?
How can I get a glossy finish on my countertops?
What should I clean my Encore countertop with?
Can Encore be used on bathroom countertops?
How is the Encore countertop kit a GREEN product?
Can I put hot pots on my Encore countertops?
How durable is the Encore Countertop system?


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HIZZONER
This cartoon half page strip which was a political satire observing the Toronto City Council during Toronto Mayor Sewell's tenure was created by Tina Holdcraft and first appeared in the Fanfare section of the Globe & Mail February 17, 1979.
Initially, Holdcraft both wrote and illustrated the strip from February 17 to 24. The writing task was then taken up by Paul McGrath from March 3 to April 7, 1979. Holdcraft then resumed cartooning the strip from April 21 to June 31. From July 7, 979 to March 15, 1980 Warren Clements took over the writing task. .
NEWSPAPER:
Cartoon strip::
"Hizzoner." Globe & Mail, Fanfare Section. Feb. 17, 1979 to Mar. 15. !980.
Globe & Mail, Fanfare, 9 September 1979: 3.


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Special issue: Earth observation of the Cryosphere
Research article 19 Aug 2013
Research article | 19 Aug 2013
Waveform classification of airborne synthetic aperture radar altimeter over Arctic sea ice
M. Zygmuntowska1, K. Khvorostovsky1, V. Helm2, and S. Sandven1 M. Zygmuntowska et al. M. Zygmuntowska1, K. Khvorostovsky1, V. Helm2, and S. Sandven1
1Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway
2Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
Received: 04 Feb 2013 – Discussion started: 22 Mar 2013 – Revised: 12 Jul 2013 – Accepted: 15 Jul 2013 – Published: 19 Aug 2013
Abstract. Sea ice thickness is one of the most sensitive variables in the Arctic climate system. In order to quantify changes in sea ice thickness, CryoSat-2 was launched in 2010 carrying a Ku-band radar altimeter (SIRAL) designed to measure sea ice freeboard with a few centimeters accuracy. The instrument uses the synthetic aperture radar technique providing signals with a resolution of about 300 m along track. In this study, airborne Ku-band radar altimeter data over different sea ice types have been analyzed. A set of parameters has been defined to characterize the differences in strength and width of the returned power waveforms. With a Bayesian-based method, it is possible to classify about 80% of the waveforms from three parameters: maximum of the returned power waveform, the trailing edge width and pulse peakiness. Furthermore, the maximum of the power waveform can be used to reduce the number of false detections of leads, compared to the widely used pulse peakiness parameter. For the pulse peakiness the false classification rate is 12.6% while for the power maximum it is reduced to 6.5%. The ability to distinguish between different ice types and leads allows us to improve the freeboard retrieval and the conversion from freeboard into sea ice thickness, where surface type dependent values for the sea ice density and snow load can be used.
How to cite. Zygmuntowska, M., Khvorostovsky, K., Helm, V., and Sandven, S.: Waveform classification of airborne synthetic aperture radar altimeter over Arctic sea ice, The Cryosphere, 7, 1315–1324, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1315-2013, 2013.
Earth observation of the Cryosphere


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Pelosi Blames Republicans for AOC's Holocaust Comparison: People "Will Misrepresent Anything"
1,453SHARES
Speaker Nancy Pelosi refused to condemn Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's comparison of border policies to the Holocaust, instead saying that people "will misrepresent anything" while speaking with reporters at a Christian Science Monitor breakfast in Washington, D.C. on 6/19/19.
She's blaming Republicans for AOC's arrogant ignorance? Only in Nancy's world would she deflect and blame Republicans for someone else's outrageous remarks.
Republican leader Kevin McCarthy spoke out against AOC and said she needs to apologize to the American people:
Democratic New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez may have been making appearances on all of the leftist talk shows but she's not so popular back in Queens and the Bronx. According to the voters in her 14th Congressional District in a new door-to-door survey, she might want to brush up on her bartending skills.
-She has a low 21% favorability rating
-Just 11% believe she has their best interests in mind
-Only 13% would vote to reelect her
This was a survey of registered voters that was conducted by the Stop the AOC PAC. The political action committee is targeting her and has been a target of the left in return.
A previous survey on Ocasio-Cortez showed the voters in her district were upset with losing the Amazon headquarters. This was due to Ocasio Cortez's complaints about Amazon and then the eventual decision for Amazon to go elsewhere.
Two veterans who won't be voting for Ocasio-Cortez recently stormed out of her office:
Two veterans who live in Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's district in the Bronx had a private meeting with her but got sick of the Trump and USA bashing, so they walked out of the meeting.
When she bashed US foreign policy during the meeting with the community leaders, the two veterans walked out.
The New York Post reported that Vietnam veteran Silvio Mazzella said: "She knocks the country, she knocks the president. And that's not what America is about. Talking about America, that really turned me off completely."
Army veteran Anthony Vitaliano said: "I just couldn't hear her BS anymore. I just got up, got my umbrella in my hand, and walked right out."
The progressive firebrand slammed the US policy of providing bombs to Saudi Arabia, which has supported Yemen's government in a brutal civil war, according to attendees. Some blamed her for not including the roles of other nations in explaining the volatile region's violence.
One person in the meeting who didn't want to be identified said that Ocasio-Cortez called President Trump and Israeli PM Netanyahu autocrats.
The Washington Examiner then reported that Ocasio-Cortez's spokesperson "contested" the account from the veterans in the meeting: "The only person that left the meeting while it was underway was someone who had to go pick up their children."
So what do these two veterans do? They go on Fox News to tell their story:
These guys are fantastic! Thank you for your service!


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Sports Direct buys large stake in struggling GAME
Retail billionaire Mike Ashley takes almost 26% in the retailer
Thursday 13th July 2017
GAME Digital
Sports Direct, the retail giant owned by UK billionaire Mike Ashley, has acquired 44 million shares in GAME.
That's the equivalent of 25.75% of the share capital of the group.
It comes after GAME issued a profit warning at the end of the last month, stating that it would deliver profits 'substantially below previous expectations' due to numerous reasons, including the lack of Nintendo Switch stock.
The result saw GAME's share price plunge to below 20p, three years after it floated for almost 200p a share, even rising to over 350p. Following Sports Direct's move, the retailer's value is now at over 27.5p a share. The share price was rising all day yesterday amid speculation over significant trading activity, and GAME has confirmed the news in a statement this morning.
"GAME is aware that Sports Direct has taken significant strategic equity stakes in a number of retail and brand businesses across both the UK and USA, and is a leading retailer which partners with major global brands and suppliers," GAME wrote.
"GAME is pleased that the strategic value of the group has been recognised by Sports Direct through this acquisition of a 25.75% stake. The Group looks forward to working collaboratively with Sports Direct to explore the clear opportunities that a constructive partnership and collaboration can deliver for all stakeholders in the gaming, live events and rapidly growing esports markets in which it operates."
Sports Direct and Mike Ashley are already invested in a string of major retailers, including stakes in French Connection, Debenhams and Findel. Ashley is also actively invested in sports ventures and is the owner of Newcastle United Football Club.
However, Ashley cuts a controversial figure in retail. His Sports Direct business has been disciplined for failing to pay its staff correctly, withholding payments and for poor working conditions for its employees. In recent weeks Ashley has been in court following a dispute between himself and a former colleague who claimed that the retail entrepreneur promised to pay him £15m for raising Sports Direct's share price.
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GAME threatens to close 40 UK stores unless rents are cut
Retailer says 'landlords need to work with us'
By Christopher Dring
Potential store closures on the horizon as GAME conducts property portfolio review
UK retailer has called in property consultancy firm CBRE to evaluate whether stores need to be closed or relocated
By James Batchelor


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Dodge County law enforcement teams up for SWAT team
Several municipal police departments are joining forces to come under the umbrella of the Dodge County Sheriff's multi-jurisdictional SWAT team.
Dodge County law enforcement teams up for SWAT team Several municipal police departments are joining forces to come under the umbrella of the Dodge County Sheriff's multi-jurisdictional SWAT team. Check out this story on fdlreporter.com: http://fondul.ac/1ybzojW
Justin Kabbes, Action Reporter Media Published 3:30 p.m. CT April 7, 2015 | Updated 4:01 p.m. CT April 7, 2015
Members of the Dodge County SWAT team training during one of its monthly exercises.(Photo: Submitted)
A team of some of Dodge County's most highly trained law enforcement officers is welcoming its newest members.
Several municipal police departments are joining forces under the umbrella of the Dodge County Sheriff's multi-jurisdictional SWAT team.
"You guys up in Fond du Lac know very well how all of a sudden you've got a shooting situation and your SWAT team needs to come out," Dodge County Sheriff Dale Schmidt said, referring to the tragic shooting death of State Patrol Trooper Trevor Casper near the west side Fond du Lac Pick'n Save in March.
Schmidt said the smaller departments would struggle to pay for the equipment and training if they were to create their own SWAT teams. He said the agreement will allow the departments to share costs, add much staffing, increase cooperation and provide better training.
Members of the Dodge County SWAT team engaged in a training session. (Photo: Submitted)
The newest members of the team come from the Mayville, Beaver Dam and Watertown police and fire departments.
"By bringing their officers on to our team its saving the City of Beaver Dam (and other) taxpayers a great deal of money because they don't have to staff or train a six to eight man team."
Schmidt said the team typically deploys less than six times per year. However, he said the cost is justified.
"You never know what situation is going to be presented to you. We need to have them ready to go at a moments notice to save lives."
The primary mission of the SWAT team is to mitigate high risk situations without anybody getting hurt, Schmidt said. The team has more specialized training and equipment than conventional officers, he said. That equipment can include body armor and assault weapons, as some officers were seen wearing following Trooper Casper's death.
The SWAT team is also adding a Tactical Emergency Medical Support (TEMS) team to assist officers and others wounded during violent situations. The team will consist of professional medical personnel or law enforcement officers who have received emergency medical training.
"The placement of TEMS members within the taem allows a very high level of care to begin immediately after an injury occurs," Schmidt said.
Four firefighter / paramedics from the Watertown and Beaver Dam fire departments have joined the team.
All members of the SWAT team will remain employed by their respective agencies. The personnel are attacched to the SWAT team when it is activated and during the team's monthly training exercises.
Read or Share this story: http://fondul.ac/1ybzojW
Authorities release identity of Waupun man killed in rollover crash
Waupun man killed in rollover crash
New principal at St. Mary's Springs Academy
Delicioso: FDL welcomes trendy, traditional Mexican restaurant
Fond du Lac repeat sex offender gets 13 years in prison
Wisconsinites share special connections to moon landing


Walk through the wall to get to platform 9 and 3/4 at King's Cross Station where the Hogwarts Express departs. Then see the place where Harry and Ron stole Ron's father's flying car. Stand on the bridge where the Knight bus crossed from the third book, Prisoner of Azkaban, and visit the all-new Leaky Cauldron.
Exclusive to Viator - visit the locations of the Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix movie!
Follow Harry's flight to London with Dumbledore's Army and see the bridges, buildings and ships they pass along the way. Enter the telephone box that descends into the Ministry of Magic below. Stand right where Harry and Voldemort come face to face for the first time since the Triwizard tournament in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.
Last stop is the Headquarters of the Order of the Phoenix, which is also home to Harry's beloved Godfather Sirius Black.
This tour offers fantastic value for money, comfortably seating up to 5 passengers for one fixed price!
We had a great time, our guide was a resourceful and witty companion, we enjoyed his company and professionalism greatly. We strongly recommend this tour to anyone who have a Harry Potter geek in their family and don't know much about the books themselves.. :) The guide is a perfect partner for your kid and takes off a great load off your shoulders if you are sort of fed up with the story.. :) Good job!!! Thanks!
Our driver was great. He really went out of his way to make sure we were enjoying ourselves . It was a nice touch having videos of the movies on his IPad.
Our driver was Mark and he was so nice, friendly and knowledgeable. We had the best day in London with our teenagers(11 and 14).
The tour was so much fun and then he went above and beyond with tips and recommendations including tips for our outside London plans. Mark made the tour excellent and his car was super clean too.
Mick was just amazing our view was very fun and exciting he made sure to show us where in the movie every location was at. Loved every minute would recommend!
Our driver/guide David was great, he asked my teenaged questions about Harry Potter, and geared the tour toward them...he took his time, explained things, showed the videos, and was generally an excellent guide. 3 hours flew by!
We went with our 22 year old grandson who is a big Harry Potter fan. He thought the tour was perfect. Our tour guide was very friendly and knowledgable and showed us a video clip from Harry Potter movies that corresponded to what we were seeing. Would recommend.
Great tour! Tour guide was fantastic.
A really awesome tour, back when Harry Potter was in vogue. My daughter, who had read every single HP book at least twice and seen all of the movies I don't know how many times enjoyed it a great deal! She was 15 at a the time so she enjoyed it even more, especially because it was our own private tour. We saw pretty much all of the sights where the HP movies take place train station, market, bridge, etc.. The driver was also very nice--and the fact that he was British duh! made the experience even more enjoyable, especially for my daughter.
Excellent tour guide was fun to see some of the filming locations. The key for us was that a family of 5 could ride in the car.


Like you, Women's Complete is an expert multitasker. These delicious gummies are smartly formulated with essential nutrients, CoQ10, biotin and omega 3 fish oil – all in one. Ingredient quality matters. That's why we use premium, easily-absorbable forms of nutrients whenever possible, like B12 as methylcobalamin, folate as methylfolate, vitamin D as D3, and vitamin K2 as MK7.


Even after he gets slapped. Twice. It's a commercial with a surprise ending, via India. Spoiler alert: Watch it before reading my brief words.
Sorry, the surprise ending doesn't work for me. Not because of sexism, because of stupidity; it's just a stupid idea. The "person too used to subtitles" thing could be done better. Much better. Sorry Fox Movies.


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Review: The Current War Starring Benedict Cumberbatch
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Getting started with distance running is one the easiest sporting activity you can become involved with. There are however, a number of things you will need to do to help you prepare to begin training.
It is important that you have a good reason for getting started.
You should devise a training program which introduce you gently to running and progress you slowly toward more challenging training.
You should invest in training aids to help you monitor your fitness status as you improve.
It is often said that distance runners are born and not made and for the most part that statement is true. Some of us are just better equiped to participate in certain sports than others. If you are 6ft 4in and weigh 14 stones you are not going to make a very good gymnast.
Researchers have studied this over the years. They have taken biopsies (that's a chunk of muscle) from participants in different sports. From their results, they have found that athletes from endurance sports such as middle and long distance activities had a higher percentage of type 1 muscle fiber in their bodies (muscle fibers that are designed to work for long periods) than participants who took part in power and speed sports such as sprinting and weight lifting.
However, you shouldn't read too much into this though, it is not always the most gifted athlete who rises to the top, but they do have a head start.
To begin, let's look at some of the preparations you will need to make to get you stared with your distance running program.
You will need to get yourself a good pair of trainer (running shoes). Don't get a cheap pair, distance running means that you will be pounding the roads and trails for many miles. A good pair of trainers will protect your body and feet from unnecessary punishment.
Get yourself a heart rate monitor. Distance running is all about running at a given tempo or effort for a given period of time. A heart rate monitor will help you to assess the intensity of your running effort i.e. your training zone and minimizing the risk of you over training.
The other thing you will need to get before you get started with your distance running regime is a water bottle that you can take with you on runs. Distance running can sometimes induce extreme sweating, especially in warm climate. Having the means to replace fluid as it excretes from your body will greatly enhance your workout and minimize the risk of dehydration.
When you first begin to train as a distance athlete, you will need to train at a pace and intensity which utilizes the aerobic energy pathway. This means that you should set your training efforts to only pushes your heart rate up to between 60 and 70 percent of your "maximum heart rate" (MHR). This is called your training zone.
220 – Age = MHR.
So, a 30 year old would have a MHR of 190 beats per minute. Researchers have looked at more sophisticated ways of calculating MHR, but there seem to be no real agreement between them.
A personal assessment is the most accurate way of arriving at your MHR but, for 90% of us this is not necessary. It would also seem that even the most accurate methods of assessing MHR will be slightly skewed. Environmental condition such as heat and altitude will affected our current fitness status and this in turn will affect your heart rate. Because of this, I really don't see the point of sweating the small stuff. The above formula has worked well for many years.
Your RHR is a much easier figure to calculate. You should either take your pulse first thing in the morning. If you take a reading later in the day, you should simply lie still for a while to relax yourself before taking it. You should put on the heart rate monitor I suggested you purchase earlier and after a while take the lowest figure it gives you.
Alternately, you can take your pulse by placing your index and middle fingers on the carotid artery which you will find in the space between the windpipe and the large muscle of the side of your neck. You would count each pulse for 20 seconds and then multiply the figure by three to arrive at the beats per minutes.
MHR – RHR x 70 /100 + RHR (for the higher figure).
Your training zone for this workout would be between 138 – 151 beat per minutes.
Initially you should only go out for 20 minute runs.
Over a four - eight week period you would increase this gradually up to 30-40 minutes.
These runs should be repeated 3-4 times per week.
Your heart rate monitor should be set at your aerobic training zone which should be set at between 60 - 70% of its maximum capacity.
Re-assess your aerobic training zone every four weeks.
Remember the heart is a muscle and it will get stronger with training and as the heart gets stronger it will beat slower. This will change your RHR levels and thus your training zone bandwidths too, so it is advised that you should assess your RHR regularly – one a month.
With a well structured endurance training schedule, you should see yourself improve in "leaps and bounds" (whoops, that's another article on this website). In addition to this, distance running is an excellent way of burning calories and will help you to remain healthy and stay slim.


Mind maps, idea maps and conceptual graphs are all Concerned with studying through visualization methods. Key regions of information about a subject are recognized, along with the diagram shows the relationship and relevance to each other.
As Well as describing linear system processes and patterns of product life-cycles or client behavior, block diagrams may explain more free-form, innovative diagrams for instructional purposes - connecting thematic ideas and design concepts to a visual hierarchy for more successful understanding and understanding. Diagrams of this kind, which may consist of brain maps and concept maps, and bring a collaborative element to understanding whereby subjects can be'brainstormed' by people within a category.
The Format of block diagrams lend themselves nicely to software and system modeling - often these kinds of procedures involve logical, binary option connections with a finite number of permutations or chances. They can be utilized to recognize or predict possible flaws in a single system.
Quite a wide Term, but you will discover block diagrams utilized in all areas of industry; at an abstract level, to clarify client goals and management processes, to depictions of physical trades like product design and sales processes.
To Map inner software design, UML diagrams, data and function versions, IDEF diagrams, or functional flow block diagrams can be used. Entity-relationship diagram (ERD), SDL diagrams, systems development life cycles (SDLC) are traditionally utilised to describe the relationship between elements within a single system.
Flowcharts, control flow diagrams and data flow diagrams to reveal key parts of employee workflow.
Although Essentially a very simple structure, an assortment of shapes and connecting lines, and guidelines and actions pertaining to them, create the block diagram a more versatile tool for several types of industry. Another attraction is the ease with which they can be constructed. Here are some examples of the sort of topic matter block diagrams may be helpful for, and exactly what style can be used in every case.
To maintain safety and reliability criteria, fault tree analysis diagrams have been used to locate some defects in a product or procedure.
Tree Diagrams express hierarchy in a subject; for example the family tree of a monarchy, or branches of both language and their subsequent dialects.
When Using the expression block structure, we're referring to a whole sub-set of program diagrams, that use a series of cubes to represent components or actions, and connecting lines that show the association between those blocks. They're typically low-detail, giving an overview of a process without necessarily going into the specifics of execution. A frequent example of a block structure is a flowchart, used in many fields of business as a simple way of mapping a repeated procedure. Software and hardware designers use them to document the plan procedure, network managers may show the connections between electrical systems. The principle aim is to allow a vital perspective to be taken on the steps in a process or system - information on physical elements or construction will be left to populate diagrams or patterns.
Digital Engineers who need to record complex relationships between electric parts will employ a functional block diagram.
Marketing diagrams Involve decision trees, Porter's five forces models, and strategy maps to help identify and appeal for client routine.
Cycle visualization, Or life cycle graphs, are an effective means of showing repeated procedures found in nature, weather cycles such as.
Management diagrams comprise Organizational charts, merchandise life-cycles, and influence diagrams to produce decisions and control the work force.
Few software applications can claim to offer options for all The activities mentioned, or have been capable of these diverse performance as to Handle complex designs in various formats. CS Odessa have devoted a Number of years to ensuring ConceptDraw PRO provides value in all These scenarios; for generating educational materials that are educational, Professional searching system investigation, or constructing complex enterprise enterprise Processes, and much more besides. A sizable portion of ConceptDraw Solution Park ( http://www.conceptdraw.com/solution-park ) is dedicated completely to the rule of block diagrams in each of its Diverse kinds - each individual solution includes their own vector Stencil libraries, packed with activity specific fonts and icons, sample Files that provide a reference of the capacities of this solution, As well as a bunch of related aid and how-to content (text and Movie ).
Finance departments rely on audit and accounting flowcharts to document and approbation of the account strategy.


== select == M. Mme Mr. Ms. Mrs.
Do you want to receive a weekly digest of all new postings that match your desired positions?
I agree to have my profile be visible to all employers in the candidate directory.
I refuse to have my profile be visible to all employers in the bank of candidates. My profile will only be used when I apply directly to a job offer.
You will receive an email to create your password.


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text:
import { TYPES } from './actions'
import { TYPES as FormActionsTypes } from '../Form/actions'

// Amounts are stored as string
// TODO: use number instead of string
const initialState = {
  amountFrom: '',
  amountTo: null // computed value
}

export default (state = initialState, action) => {
  switch (action.type) {
    case TYPES.COMPUTE_AMOUNT_TO:
      const { amountFrom, exchangeRate } = action.payload

      const amountFromDot = amountFrom.replace(',', '.')
      const amountTo = amountFrom ? (parseFloat(amountFromDot) * exchangeRate).toFixed(2) : null

      return Object.assign({}, state, {
        amountFrom: amountFromDot,
        amountTo
      })

    case FormActionsTypes.SUBMIT_SUCCESS:
      return initialState

    default:
      return state
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
> Evaluate one or more scripts, and export a selected subset of variables into a file.

## Getting Started
This plugin requires Grunt `^0.4.5`

If you haven't used [Grunt](http://gruntjs.com/) before, be sure to check out the [Getting Started](http://gruntjs.com/getting-started) guide, as it explains how to create a [Gruntfile](http://gruntjs.com/sample-gruntfile) as well as install and use Grunt plugins. Once you're familiar with that process, you may install this plugin with this command:

```shell
npm install grunt-var-exporter --save-dev
```

Once the plugin has been installed, it may be enabled inside your Gruntfile with this line of JavaScript:

```js
grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-var-exporter');
```

## The "varExporter" task

### Overview
In your project's Gruntfile, add a section named `varExporter` to the data object passed into `grunt.initConfig()`.

```js
grunt.initConfig({
  varExporter: {
    options: {
      export: ["appConfig","analyticsConfig"],
      pretty: true,
    },
    files: [{
        src: ["shared_config.js", "dev_config.js"],
        dest: "dist/config.js",
    }]
  },
});
```

### Configuration

#### files[n].src
Type: `String[]`
Required

The list of files, relative to the location of the Gruntfile, which will be loaded into a node sandbox.

#### files[n].dest
Type: `String`
Required

The name of the destination file.

#### options.export
Type: `String[]`
Required

The list of vars that you want to see in the destination file. For each string
"blah" in `files[n].src`, a `var blah = value_of_blah` will be emitted into the
file named by `files[n].dest`. JSON-encodable values and regular expressions
are allowed, while things like functions and Date objects will not work.

#### options.pretty
Type: `boolean`
Default value: `false`

Format JSON, or output everything in one line per export var?

## Contributing
In lieu of a formal styleguide, take care to maintain the existing coding style. Add unit tests for any new or changed functionality. Lint and test your code using [Grunt](http://gruntjs.com/).

## Release History

#### 0.2.0
The varExporter task is now a grunt multi-task. This changes the way you
configure source files and destination files. See
[Configuration](#configuration) for details.


The information contained on this page applies to Tiger Panel Meters, Bargraphs and Process Controllers / Micro PLC products.
Which meters have the Ethernet option?
How can I connect to an Ethernet meter?
How can I setup the IP address?
How do I set the meter up?
Can I use the Texmate Development System with Ethernet?
Can I use the Texmate Configuration Utility with Ethernet?
How can I 'talk' to an Ethernet meter?
The Ethernet option is available for all non-bargraph Tiger meters of the 320 and 380 series.
You can either connect the meter to your local network or the internet using a hub or a switch, or you can connect it directly to the Ethernet port of your computer. For the latter option you need a crossover cable for the connection.
How can I setup the IP address? Texmate is using the Lantronix XPort (FAQ) for the Ethernet option. Lantronix provides a setup software called DeviceInstaller (HTML, FTP) that will scan the local network for XPort devices and then allows you to setup the IP address as well as the serial settings. The serial setup of the XPort has to match the serial setup of the meter. More documentation on configuring the ethernet connection to your device can be found here.
The meter has to be setup in ASCII (slave) mode as it still communicates with the Ethernet module serially. The serial parameters have to match those on the Ethernet module. As the communication speed is usually restricted by the delays of the Ethernet communication we recommend to leave the serial setup at 9600 Baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity, no flow control.
Yes, you only have to change the Connection type to TCP/IP and enter the correct IP address and port number.
Choose this option to configure the meter from a PC. This works just like the serial communication.
Choose this option to let the Utility wait for a connection initiated by the meter. This is intended for remote administration of meters with a dynamic IP address and needs a special macro to run on the meter.
The Configuration Utility for older meters (prior to 3.05) does not support Ethernet communication.
The Ethernet module simply sends ASCII data over a TCP/IP connection. Therefore application software only has to open and connect a socket to the meter and can then use the Texmate ASCII protocol to 'talk' to the meter.
Once the communication is established the meter can act either as ASCII slave or as ASCII master (macro mode).
How to Configure Ethernet on a Texmate Tiger.


Smith Anderson managing partner Gerald Roach has been named to Business North Carolina's 2019 Power 100 list for the second year in a row. The Power 100, highlighting 100 of the state's most influential business and nonprofit leaders making an impact on the broader community, are named each year based largely on input from North Carolina business professionals, as well as the publication's staff's collective knowledge from many years of covering the state's economy.
The 2019 Power 100 profile describes Gerald as the "leader of the largest Triangle-based law firm" where he advises on mergers and capital raisings totaling billions of dollars. Gerald is also praised in his role as chairman of the board of trustees at his alma mater, Wake Forest University, and leading a multimillion-dollar fundraising campaign at his church.
Gerald's law practice involves domestic and international mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, corporate governance matters, public company securities, private financings, technology law and advising boards of directors and special committees. He regularly represents public and private growth companies and private equity firms with their general corporate needs and domestic and international transactions. Gerald is a highly credentialed corporate law attorney, ranked in numerous top legal publications, including the BTI Client Service All-Stars list, Chambers USA: America's Leading Lawyers for Business and The Best Lawyers in America©.
Review Business North Carolina's full Power 100 list here.


text:
Q: Run iOS application on device with a free Apple account I am trying to run iOS application on iPad with a free device. When I press the fix issue button in xcode, I get this error

No Devices
Creating a profile requires having a device registered in the Member Center.

I tried to add a device in the member center but my account looks quite different from this. I just have the "additional resources" section, I do not have a "Program Resources" section. Is it not possible to run code on a device with a free account ?

A: Yes it is possible.
Add your free account in xcode. Create provision profile for it (free).
When run the project set this profile. I should run fine. I am also using a free account and running projects in my iPhone.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Turkey just got its way. Again.
The Turkish military's foray into Syria is a sign the regime knows it can do what it likes—international opinion be damned.
By Adnan R. Khan August 31, 2016
Turkish army commanders welcome President Recep Tayyip Erdogan as he arrives to addresses a rally in Gaziantep, Turkey, Sunday, Aug. 28, 2016. Erdogan said a 14 year-old suicide bomber was responsible for last weekend's explosion in Gaziantep that claimed dozens lives. Erdogan, speaking at a rally, says the city saw terror's worst when "DAESH attacked with a suicide bomber," using the Arabic acronym for the Islamic State group and adds that 34 children died in the attack.(Kayhan Ozer/AP/CP)
It's a strange combination of dysfunction and durability we're witnessing in Turkey today. Last month it seemed NATO's second-largest army was in free fall. A failed coup, engineered—if we are to believe Turkey's official narrative—by a shadowy Islamist cult with tentacles stretching around the world and led by a septuagenarian supervillain living in Pennsylvania, who laid bare a military establishment riven with micro-fissures. Last week, that same military launched an offensive into the world's most dangerous conflict, sending tanks, fighter jets and special forces across Turkey's southern border into Syria.
The move took many observers by surprise. Was this a show of force, some asked, a messsage to the world that the Turkish military was still intact and capable? What did the timing mean?
Only days earlier, another suicide bombing attributed to the so-called Islamic State had rocked Turkey, targeting a Kurdish wedding in the country's southeast and claiming 54 lives, 22 of them children. Turkey's response to the worst terrorist incident in the country this year was unequivocal: "Daesh should be completely cleansed from our borders," Mevlut Cavusoglu, Turkey's foreign minister, told a news conference after the attack, using the Arabic acronym for the Islamic State. "We are ready to do what it takes for that."
Still, some experts were skeptical. Islamic State militants have controlled the stretch of the Turkish border from Jarablus and approximately 50 km west since June 2013. It was the first segment of the border the militants captured and has been a critical supply route for them ever since.
In May 2013, the group reportedly carried out its first attack on Turkish soil, in the border town of Reyhanli, killing 51. Since then, they have been involved in numerous attacks, including a brutal double suicide bombing that left 103 dead in Ankara, the Turkish capital, in October 2015. Why did another attack warrant such an extreme response, particularly at a time when Turkey's military was still recovering from the failed coup?
Within days, the answer to that question became clear. Islamic State fighters fled from Jarablus on the first day of the offensive. Turkey then quickly turned its sights on Syrian Kurds, known locally as the YPG, who had pushed west across the Euphrates River, backed by U.S. airstrikes, and driven Islamic State fighters out of Manbij, a city 30 km south of Jarablus.
The Kurds had been eyeing Jarablus and the Islamic State-controlled territory to its west for some time. It is the only region along the Turkish border they do not control and taking it would create a contiguous Kurdish territory stretching from the Iraq border to Turkey's Mediterranean coastline.
Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan addresses a rally in Gaziantep, Turkey, Sunday, Aug. 28, 2016. Erdogan said a 14 year-old suicide bomber was responsible for last weekend's explosion in Gaziantep that claimed dozens lives. Erdogan, speaking at a rally, says the city saw terror's worst when "DAESH attacked with a suicide bomber," using the Arabic acronym for the Islamic State group and adds that 34 children died in the attack. (Yasin Bulbul/AP/CP)
For the Turks, that is tantamount to a national disaster. They remain committed to their view that the YPG represents more of an existential threat to Turkey than the Islamic State. No cajoling or reasoning has managed to change their minds. Indeed, Western powers have had a difficult time convincing Turkey of anything in recent years. Last spring, Turkish negotiators scored a major win after they arm-twisted the European Union into accepting a controversial refugee deal that included six billion euros (or $8.7 billion in Canadian currency) and the promise of visa-free travel for Turks in the EU. It has openly accused the U.S. of puppeteering the coup attempt and demanded American officials turn over the man they accuse of orchestrating it, though they have yet to provide any evidence of his involvement.
Despite this, the U.S. last week claimed to have supported the Turkish military push into Syria, a move the Pentagon had vigorously opposed for years.
MORE: How Turkey became a petri dish for Islamic politics
Somehow, Turkey managed to get its way, again, despite its increasingly combative foreign policy posturing and sometimes ludicrous demands. But it's not so hard to understand why. Turkey's geopolitical wins reflect the key role it plays in so many of the world's most pressing concerns, and its leaders know it. Solving Europe's refugee crisis will be impossible without Turkish co-operation; finding a durable solution to the Syrian war will require Turkey's active participation. Containing Russia, combating Islamic extremism, finding a sustainable balance between international human rights norms and Islamic values—all these missions require Turkey.
It's no wonder Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his ruling AK Party are acting like spoiled brats. In today's world, they can get away with pretty much whatever they want. The push into Syria is only the latest example. A recent report by the Wall Street Journal, citing both Turkish and American officials, claims that the Jarablus offensive was supposed to be a joint venture between the U.S. and Turkey, originally intended to force the YPG into focusing its efforts on Raqqa, the Islamic State capital east of the Euphrates, while Turkey would take on Islamic State to the west, along its border. Thus the two American allies could be kept well apart and out of conflict with each other. But the Turks pulled the trigger early, catching the Americans, and the Kurds, by surprise.
Now, the U.S. finds itself playing referee. During his August visit to Ankara, U.S. Vice President Joe Biden warned the Kurds that they risk losing U.S. support if they do not stay to the east of the Euphrates River.
The Kurds announced they would comply but on Sunday, Turkish media reported Turkish forces moving south toward Manbij, sparking clashes with YPG fighters. The U.S. issued a second warning, this time to the Turks. U.S. Defence Secretary Ash Carter argued that the YPG "will and is withdrawing" across the Euphrates and that Turkey should remain focused on fighting the Islamic State.
It's unlikely it will comply. Turkey's leaders know what they want, and they know there is little the U.S., or anyone else, can do to stop them. But what they want may not be what is best—for Turkey, for Syria, or for the rest of the world.
FILED UNDER: Editor's Picks ISIS Islamic State jarablus Joe Biden Recep Tayyip Erdogan Syria Syrian Kurds turkey


text:
HomeBusinessALEX BRUMMER: Softbank's perilous bait as CEO Son aims for Arm's Nasdaq...
ALEX BRUMMER: Softbank's perilous bait as CEO Son aims for Arm's Nasdaq listing
By Alex Brummer for the Daily Mail
Softbank chief executive Masayoshi Son is moving fast in his effort to float Cambridge semi-conductor pioneer Arm Holdings in New York. He is also setting an ambitious price target of $50bn (£37bn).
His determination to list on Nasdaq makes it all the more imperative that the Government, the London Stock Exchange and UK-based investment funds get their act together very quickly if they want to provide a sensible alternative.
Among the problems for the City is Son's liking for financial engineering. In September 2020, the Softbank boss ran up losses of $12bn (£9bn) when he gambled and lost on a huge derivative bet in tech shares. The 2022 tech shake-out has left Softbank shares struggling for air.
Softbank chief executive Masayoshi Son is moving fast in his effort to float Cambridge semi-conductor pioneer Arm Holdings in New York
Far from being the long-term investor in British tech and engineering he claimed to be when he bought Arm in 2016, he has proved to an opportunistic trader like any other. His latest initiative, reported by Bloomberg, is to link his choice of Wall Street firms seeking to manage the listing to an $8bn (£5.9bn) loan partly secured on shares.
Putting aside conflict of interest issues, it is a risky strategy which he also used when he launched his Saudi-backed Vision Fund, which holds Arm stock, in 2018. The US Securities and Exchange Commission, which is seeking to discourage high-risk lending against volatile shares, is not going to be enthusiastic about Son's strategy.
The tolerance of Wall Street for risky strategies and its looser governance standards has made it a magnet for technology listings. Matching Son's demands in the Square Mile would be unlikely. The case for removing Arm from control by speculators into the safer space of UK finance is overwhelming.
Chinese puzzle
Finding crumbs of comfort in the latest inflation data is hard. The 5.5pc surge in consumer prices is bad for state pensioners, households with stretched budgets and is not great for the Treasury. The Institute for Fiscal Studies reckons it will add £11bn to the cost of servicing national debt this year.
It is the Government's penance for a buy now pay later approach to the public finances. In a globalised world, it is all but impossible for any advanced economy to disconnect itself from China.
As the UK frets over the cost of living, China reports a 50pc decline to 9.1pc in wholesale prices in January and a 0.9pc rise in consumer prices
The laptop on my desk, the chair that I am sitting on and the socks on my feet are all made in China. What starts in the People's Republic, whether it be Covid or over-sized energy requirements, affects us all. As the UK frets over the cost of living (let's avoid the overused crisis word), the world's largest exporter reports a 50pc decline to 9.1pc in wholesale prices in January and a 0.9pc rise in consumer prices.
In other words, as post-Covid supply bottlenecks ease, goods price inflation is tumbling. There is still the big cost of freight rates which soared in Covid with many container ships and tankers in the wrong places and stuck in ports. Shipping costs from China to the UK rose by six times. But supply chain problems are starting to ease.
In spite of a little local difficulty over European natural gas supplies, made worse by the Ukraine stand-off, China is managing to secure some lower cost liquefied natural gas (LNG) from the US. Over the medium term that might help to lower global energy costs and if markets work, as they should, freight rates should tumble as more capacity becomes available.
This will be cold comfort to domestic and commercial consumers fretting about April and beyond gas bills. Nor does it address monetary inflation caused by the way in which central banks kept the printing presses running for too long. But it a glimmer of light from the manufacturing engine room of the Pacific.
The dire warnings from the international enforcers at the Financial Stability Board of the dangers to global finance from a collapse in crypto assets looks late in the day. Regulators stood quietly by as the total value of crypto soared to £2.2trillion, which is roughly the size of the total output of the British economy.
In the City, the Financial Conduct Authority is seeking to block online crypto platform Binance access to Britain's Faster Payments Service. In Argentina, 50pc inflation is driving consumers to switch their credit cards into crypto. Putting the crypto genie back in the bottle is going to take more than learned analysis.
Bask in Gabrielle Union And Dwyane Wade's Italian Vacation Style
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Conservation of energy
This article refers to the law of conservation of energy in physics. For energy resources sustainably, see: Energy conservation.
In physics, the conservation of energy is that energy can not be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another, such as when electrical energy is changed into heat energy. Formally, it says that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant, although it may change forms, e.g. friction turns kinetic energy into thermal energy. In thermodynamics, the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of the conservation of energy for thermodynamic systems.
From a mathematical point of view, the energy conservation law is a consequence of the shift symmetry of time; energy conservation is a result of the empirical fact that the laws of physics do not change with time itself. Philosophically, this can be stated as "nothing depends on time per se (time itself)".
1 Historical information
2 Proof
4.1 Modern accounts
4.2 Classic accounts
Historical information[change | change source]
Ancient philosophers as far back as Thales of Miletus had the idea that there is some underlying substance of which everything is made. But that is not the same as our concept of "mass-energy" today (for example, Thales thought the underlying substance was water). In 1638, Galileo published his analysis of several situations. This included the famous "interrupted pendulum". This can be described (in modernized language) as conservatively converting potential energy to kinetic energy and back again. However, Galileo did not explain the process in modern terms and had not understood the modern concept either. The German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz during 1676-1689 attempted a mathematical formulation of the kind of energy which is connected with motion (kinetic energy). Leibniz noticed that in many mechanical systems (of several masses, mi each with velocity vi ),
∑ i m i v i 2 {\displaystyle \sum _{i}m_{i}v_{i}^{2}}
was conserved so long as the masses did not interact. He called this quantity the vis viva or living force of the system. The principle represents an accurate statement of the approximate conservation of kinetic energy in situations where there is no friction.
Joule's apparatus for measuring the mechanical equivalent of heat. A descending weight attached to a string causes a paddle in water to rotate
Meanwhile, in 1843 James Prescott Joule independently discovered the mechanical equivalent in a series of experiments. In the most famous, now called the "Joule apparatus", a descending weight attached to a string caused a paddle immersed in water to rotate. He showed that the gravitational potential energy lost by the weight in descending was approximately equal to the thermal energy (heat) gained by the water by friction with the paddle.
Over the period 1840-1843, similar work was carried out by engineer Ludwig A. Colding though it was little-known outside his native Denmark.
Proof[change | change source]
It is easy to see that
E = K E + P E {\displaystyle E=KE+PE}
which is also
E = 1 2 m v 2 + V {\displaystyle E={\frac {1}{2}}mv^{2}+V}
E = 1 2 m x ′ 2 + V ( x ) {\displaystyle E={\frac {1}{2}}mx'^{2}+V(x)}
Assuming that x ′ ( t ) {\displaystyle x'(t)} and that x ( t ) {\displaystyle x(t)} , then
d E d t = ∂ E ∂ x ′ d x ′ d t + ∂ E ∂ x d x d t {\displaystyle {\frac {dE}{dt}}={\frac {\partial E}{\partial x'}}{\frac {dx'}{dt}}+{\frac {\partial E}{\partial x}}{\frac {dx}{dt}}}
d E d t = ( m x ′ ) ( x ″ ) − F x ′ {\displaystyle {\frac {dE}{dt}}=(mx')(x'')-Fx'}
(Since V ′ ( x ) = − F {\displaystyle V'(x)=-F} )
d E d t = F x ′ − F x ′ = 0 {\displaystyle {\frac {dE}{dt}}=Fx'-Fx'=0}
Therefore, energy does not vary with time.
Related pages[change | change source]
Sources[change | change source]
Modern accounts[change | change source]
Goldstein, Martin, and Inge F., 1993. The Refrigerator and the Universe. Harvard Univ. Press. A gentle introduction.
Kroemer, Herbert; Kittel, Charles (1980). Thermal Physics (2nd ed.). W. H. Freeman Company. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ISBN 0-7167-1088-9
Nolan, Peter J. (1996). Fundamentals of College Physics, 2nd ed. William C. Brown Publishers.
Oxtoby & Nachtrieb (1996). Principles of Modern Chemistry, 3rd ed. Saunders College Publishing.
Papineau, D. (2002). Thinking about Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Serway, Raymond A.; Jewett, John W. (2004). Physics for Scientists and Engineers (6th ed.). Brooks/Cole. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ISBN 0-534-40842-7
Stenger, Victor J. (2000). Timeless Reality. Prometheus Books. Especially chpt. 12. Nontechnical.
Tipler, Paul (2004). Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Mechanics, Oscillations and Waves, Thermodynamics (5th ed.). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-534-40842-7
Lanczos, Cornelius (1970). The Variational Principles of Mechanics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-1743-6
Classic accounts[change | change source]
Colding, L.A. (1864). "On the history of the principle of the conservation of energy". London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 27: 56–64.
Mach, E. (1872). History and Root of the Principles of the Conservation of Energy. Open Court Pub. Co., IL.
Poincaré, H. (1905). Science and Hypothesis. Walter Scott Publishing Co. Ltd; Dover reprint, 1952. , ISBN 0-486-60221-4 Chapter 8, "Energy and Thermo-dynamics"
MISN-0-158 The First Law of Thermodynamics Archived 2005-10-23 at the Wayback Machine (PDF file) by Jerzy Borysowicz for Project PHYSNET.
Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservation_of_energy&oldid=7330609"


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Toward unhackable communication: Single particles of light could bring the 'quantum internet'
The Purdue University Quantum Center, including Simeon Bogdanov (left) and Sajid Choudhury (right), is investigating how to advance quantum communication for practical uses. (Purdue University image/Susan Fleck)
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. — Hacker attacks on everything from social media accounts to government files could be largely prevented by the advent of quantum communication, which would use particles of light called "photons" to secure information rather than a crackable code.
The problem is that quantum communication is currently limited by how much information single photons can help send securely, called a "secret bit rate." Purdue University researchers created a new technique that would increase the secret bit rate 100-fold, to over 35 million photons per second.
"Increasing the bit rate allows us to use single photons for sending not just a sentence a second, but rather a relatively large piece of information with extreme security, like a megabyte-sized file," said Simeon Bogdanov, a Purdue postdoctoral researcher in electrical and computer engineering.
Eventually, a high bit rate will enable an ultra-secure "quantum internet," a network of channels called "waveguides" that will transmit single photons between devices, chips, places or parties capable of processing quantum information.
Purdue researchers have created a new light source that generates at least 35 million photons per second, increasing the speed of quantum communication. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology image/Mikhail Shalaginov)
"No matter how computationally advanced a hacker is, it would be basically impossible by the laws of physics to interfere with these quantum communication channels without being detected, since at the quantum level, light and matter are so sensitive to disturbances," Bogdanov said.
The work was first published online in July for inclusion in a print Nano Letters issue on August 8, 2018.
Using light to send information is a game of probability: Transmitting one bit of information can take multiple attempts. The more photons a light source can generate per second, the faster the rate of successful information transmission.
"A source might generate a lot of photons per second, but only a few of them may actually be used to transmit information, which strongly limits the speed of quantum communication," Bogdanov said.
For faster quantum communication, Purdue researchers modified the way in which a light pulse from a laser beam excites electrons in a man-made "defect," or local disturbance in a crystal lattice, and then how this defect emits one photon at a time.
The researchers sped up these processes by creating a new light source that includes a tiny diamond only 10 nanometers big, sandwiched between a silver cube and silver film. Within the nanodiamond, they identified a single defect, resulting from one atom of carbon being replaced by nitrogen and a vacancy left by a missing adjacent carbon atom.
The nitrogen and the missing atom together formed a so-called "nitrogen-vacancy center" in a diamond with electrons orbiting around it.
A metallic antenna coupled to this defect facilitated the interaction of photons with the orbiting electrons of the nitrogen-vacancy center, through hybrid light-matter particles called "plasmons." By the center absorbing and emitting one plasmon at a time, and the nanoantenna converting the plasmons into photons, the rate of generating photons for quantum communication became dramatically faster.
"We have demonstrated the brightest single-photon source at room temperature. Usually sources with comparable brightness only operate at very low temperatures, which is impractical for implementing on computer chips that we would use at room temperature," said Vlad Shalaev, the Bob and Anne Burnett Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
Next, the researchers will be adapting this system for on-chip circuitry. This would mean connecting the plasmonic antenna with waveguides so that photons could be routed to different parts of the chip rather than radiating in all directions.
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (Award DE-SC0017717), the National Science Foundation (Grant DMR-1506775), the Office of Naval Research (Grant N00014-16-1-2767) and the Defense Sciences Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Award HR00111720032).
Writer: Kayla Wiles
Sources: Simeon Bogdanov
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The Shrader Street Residence is perched on the side of one of San Francisco's many hills and enjoys a magnificent view overlooking Cole Valley and most of the city to the north and east.
Before WWII these were the williwags and the original house on the site ca1937 was built as a get away cottage. The house had gone through a number of renovations each with its own ad hoc agenda and questionable construction. Even so, the site and views and scale of the place had great appeal to our client who allowed us to substantially remake it to suit her needs.
Happily, considering the often drawn out planning approvals in the City the client brief had a good fit with the existing building envelope. We were able to totally rebuild the house (including the foundations, much to the owners surprise and chagrin) without going through the sometimes tedious San Francisco neighborhood process and simultaneously satisfy the owner's desire to have what amounts to an urban cottage.


We partnered with Old Forester, famous for being the first bottled bourbon, to design the lighting for their innovative new distillery in Louisville, Kentucky. Situated on historic Whiskey Row at a site once occupied by the brand's founder in 1870, the project functions as a working distillery and an immersive guest experience. Lighting throughout was designed with consideration for both architecture and storytelling, allowing guests to truly appreciate the brand's rich history.


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<?php

namespace Maklad\Permission\Test;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Access\Gate;

class GateTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function it_allows_other_gate_before_callbacks_to_run_if_a_user_does_not_have_a_permission()
    {
        $this->assertFalse($this->testUser->can('edit-articles'));
        app(Gate::class)->before(function () {
            return true;
        });
        $this->assertTrue($this->testUser->can('edit-articles'));
    }

    /** @test */
    public function it_can_determine_if_a_user_does_not_have_a_permission()
    {
        $this->assertFalse($this->testUser->can('edit-articles'));
    }

    /** @test */
    public function it_can_determine_if_a_user_has_a_direct_permission()
    {
        $this->testUser->givePermissionTo($this->testUserPermission);

        $this->assertTrue($this->reloadPermissions());

        $this->assertTrue($this->testUser->can('edit-articles'));

        $this->assertFalse($this->testUser->can('non-existing-permission'));

        $this->assertFalse($this->testUser->can('admin-permission'));
    }

    /** @test */
    public function it_can_determine_if_a_user_has_a_permission_when_using_roles()
    {
        $this->testUserRole->givePermissionTo($this->testUserPermission);

        $this->testUser->assignRole($this->testUserRole);

        $this->assertTrue($this->testUser->hasPermissionTo($this->testUserPermission));

        $this->assertTrue($this->reloadPermissions());

        $this->assertTrue($this->testUser->can('edit-articles'));

        $this->assertFalse($this->testUser->can('non-existing-permission'));

        $this->assertFalse($this->testUser->can('admin-permission'));
    }

    /** @test */
    public function it_can_determine_if_a_user_with_a_different_guard_has_a_permission_when_using_roles()
    {
        $this->testAdminRole->givePermissionTo($this->testAdminPermission);

        $this->testAdmin->assignRole($this->testAdminRole);

        $this->assertTrue($this->testAdmin->hasPermissionTo($this->testAdminPermission));

        $this->assertTrue($this->reloadPermissions());

        $this->assertTrue($this->testAdmin->can('admin-permission'));

        $this->assertFalse($this->testAdmin->can('non-existing-permission'));

        $this->assertFalse($this->testAdmin->can('edit-articles'));
    }
}


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Our 6 Favorite Types of Cherries
Summer is the season with a fresh cherry on top.
Sheri Castle
Sheri Castle is an award-winning professional food writer, recipe developer, and cooking teacher with over 25 years of experience.
Bing Cherries
Rainier Cherries
Queen Anne Cherries
Black Cherries
Montmorency Cherries
Morello Cherries
Tips for Cherry Picking, Pitting, Storing, and More
Cherries are associated with cheerfulness, classic pie, and the crowning touch atop ice cream sundaes. They are often the first summer fruit to show up in our grocery stores and markets. They are the smallest of the stone fruit, so named for the hard pit inside. Some people call that the cherry seed, but the seed is actually inside that pit.
Fresh cherries are delicious, easy to scarf down by the handful, and equally delicious in recipes. Around a thousand different types of cherries grow in the U.S., but these are some of the most common and popular.
These are the most popular type grown in the U.S. They are large and a bit heart-shaped with a firm, crisp texture. They're pleasantly sweet with a hint of acidity. The darker their red color, the riper and more flavorful. Bings are perfect for snacking or other uncooked uses, and are usually available from May to August.
Diana Miller/Getty Images
The skins of these candy-sweet, two-toned cherries are rosy on one side and golden on the other, with light flesh. The creamier the yellow color, the riper and tastier. They are juicy, which makes them delicious for eating raw, but not a great choice for baking, plus cooking ruins their lovely color. Their season runs from May to August.
Also known as Royal Anne, these cherries resemble Rainier cherries with their yellow to rosy skins, but they are more tart, although still categorized as sweet cherries. Their season is short, usually the month of July, although in some places they peak around the 4th.
Some people associate these Queen Anne cherries with the chocolate-covered version that makes a popular holiday candy gift. They are also often used to make maraschino cherries. The original maraschinos were made along the Dalmatian Coast of Croatia where local marasca cherries were soaked in an Italian liqueur distilled from cherry pits, stems, and leaves. The maraschino cherries that most of us know from ice cream sundaes and banana splits are made by curing the fresh cherries in brine before preserving them in sugar syrup flavored with almond extract or other flavors. Most of them are dyed vivid red, although there are also other colors.
Anna Pustynnikova/Getty Images
A number of different cherries fall under this category, the somewhat generic name we give to sweet cherries with very dark skins. They are often small, with the pit seeming to take up half of the interior. These cherries turn darker and get sweeter as they ripen. They taste great raw, but some people love them in pies and cakes.
These red cherries are the most popular sour variety, which doesn't mean they're never enjoyed as a snack, but they are more often cooked, dried, canned, or frozen. They're also squeezed for their juice and used in pie filling, jams, and preserves. Their season lasts through the summer, although since tart cherries don't travel well, they can be hard to find outside Michigan where they are almost exclusively grown.
Andreas Nesslinger/Getty Images
This family of juicy, sour cherries with dark red skins is a pie baker's best friend, which is why some people simply call them "pie cherries." Although they are exceptionally flavorful, they're too tart to eat raw, but they're great in most baked goods and are often canned in juice or syrup. Their season is short, usually confined to the month of July, and are uncommon in grocery stores.
Buying. Look for fruit that is plump, naturally shiny, and free of cracks and blemishes. If the stems are still attached, they should be supple instead of stick-like.
Storing. Fresh cherries taste best when stored at room temperature, but for longer keeping, place them in a bowl or ventilated bag in the refrigerator, where they should last for several days.
Pitting. This can be a bit of a chore when preparing enough for a big recipe. Cherry pitters work well. They come in hand-held models that pit one cherry at a time and larger models that resemble a bowl with a crank that can handle larger batches a bit more quickly and easily.
In lieu of a pitter, some people turn to other tools they might have on hand, such as a sturdy drinking straw. Starting on the stem end, push the straw through the cherry to push out the pit. Another option is to bend a paper clip into an S shape and then insert one end into the stem end of the cherry to hook and pull out the pit. And yet another option is to lightly crush the cherry with the side of a chef's knife to loosen the pit enough to be able to pick it out.
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Can Batman Really Be Rebooted After Bale?
No. No, you cannot reboot the Batman film franchise again. The Dark Knight Rises hasn't even been released and as we all know, Warner Brothers has been talking since March about how to keep squeezing money out of the Caped Crusader, with a tentative release date for the next next Batman movie being 2015.
But there are ways that a Batman movie, sans Bale as the caped crusader and with Nolan as producer rather than director, could be released in 2015.
This is how: Bruce Wayne will not be Batman. This could open it up to possibilities including a) Dick Grayson, the original Robin who took on the Batman mantle in the comics (before the comics were all rebooted), or b) Jean-Paul Valley, the man who became Batman after Bane broke Bruce Wayne's back. 0r c) One of the members of Batman Incorporated, which is the new Batman franchise created by Bruce Wayne. Really, that's a comic book series, written by Grant Morrison.
Say what you will about the Batman voice, you know that no one can be a better Bruce Wayne.
Why take it in this direction? It's the one way that the mood and theme of the Nolan films could be preserved – the only other option seems to go in a completely different direction with it, reverting toward the confusion and pseudo-dark hokey nonsense of the Tim Burton Batmans, or the gloss and pop of the Joel Schumacher Batmans. Or even the shameless humor of the 1960s TV series and movie.
No, they shouldn't do any of that. And they shouldn't take this cop-out approach that Marvel has taken, stating "You know what? Who cares. We're just gonna keep making Spiderman movies." There is also a key difference between this and the Spiderman situation. The Tobey Maguire Spiderman trilogy was the first time Spiderman had been adapted to the big screen – unlike the Nolan Batman films, which are the quintessential comic book reboot. You don't reboot a reboot unless it's a failure, as in The Rise of the Planet of the Apes, which serves not only as a reboot but as a way to try to erase humanity's memory of when Tim Burton and Mark Wahlberg got their hands on that franchise.
This is exactly what shouldn't happen to Batman.
There is a strong likelihood that the next Dark Knight film will end with a broken bat. Whether he is physically or mentally defeated, if Batman is exposed as Bruce Wayne, or if he is actually killed (doubtful, but possible), it seems that there is a good possibility that there will be no more Batman at the end of this trilogy. (Sidenote: I am avoiding 90% of the spoilers being leaked regarding The Dark Knight Rises, mostly because I don't need to see blurry photos that someone thinks might be of Tom Hardy punching Batman. I'm trying to enjoy the film by minimizing what I know about the actual plot of it. That said, I am counting down the days.)
SPOLIER: this is a photo taken on the set of the new Batman.
No more Batman, or no more Bruce Wayne? While not everyone knows the names Dick Grayson, Jason Todd, and Timothy Drake, everyone knows Robin. However, Robin hasn't done very well in cinema. But DC really could have their cake and eat it too were they to make this 2015 Batman film as an extension of Nolan's Dark Knight films, under the premise that the character who became Robin in the comics (who will not appear in the Nolan films) will be the replacement for Bruce Wayne in the films.
Because really: no one can top Bale's performance as Bruce Wayne. But Batman… yeah, you probably can top that. After all, many people do take issue with the gruff Batman voice. Would it be totally awful if they decided to cast Jason Biggs or James Franco or the guy from Twilight as Bruce Wayne in the 2015 reboot? Yes, yes it would. But some up-and-coming actor as Dick Grayson (original Robin) as Batman? Well, we might be able to live with that at least. I also don't have any idea what Joseph Gordon-Levitt is doing in The Dark Knight Rises, but perhaps his character could be the next Dark Knight. The idea of him playing a character similar to Nightwing (who the original Robin was before becoming Batman) in a future Batman film is not out of the question.
I suppose one argument against this would be that, if they fail to do a good job, it could tarnish the Nolan/Bale films by setting a sub-par story in the same universe as the The Dark Knight. But with Nolan as producer and a quality story and directors, they might be able to make it happen. And really, any bad Batman movie after Nolan's run is done will, to some extent, tarnish what Nolan and Bale have done.
It would also be very easy to tie this option into the supposed Justice League movie.
As long as Man-Bat isn't in it.
Keep this guy out of it, and they can avoid rock bottom.
And of course, this all gets endlessly complicated when you consider that Batman comics themselves are being rebooted by DC.
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Tags: Bale, Batman, Batman Incororated, Batman Reboot, Bruce Wayne, Christian Bale, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Nightwing, Robin, The Dark Knight, The Dark Knight Rises, Warner Brothers
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