text:
An Undesigned Coincidence in The Book of Joshua
April 22, 2022 by Erik Manning
The Book of Joshua tells us about Rahab, a Canaanite prostitute who ends up becoming an unlikely champion of faith. Jericho was one of the main hubs of idol worship, being particularly devoted to the moon goddess Ashtaroth. Here centered the most offensive and shameful aspects of the Canaanite religion. Despite her rough background, Rahab recognized that the LORD was with Israel and would give them the Promised Land. So hid two men who had been sent to scout the city before their attack, helping them conquer the city.
A weighty argument for the authenticity of the narrative is discussed in JJ Blunt's book Undesigned Coincidences. This is all the more important as its central events are miraculous.
As I've talked about before, an undesigned coincidence is an instance where various narratives describe some event containing insignificant details which, although they are meaningless in themselves, fit together consistently with other insignificant details to provide a consistent picture. Often an undesigned coincidence will provide additional depth to the narrative and will illuminate elements of the situation that otherwise would've gone unnoticed.
To give some background, the Children of Israel were camped on the east side of the Jordan river, primed to enter the Promised Land of Canaan. They crossed into the Promised Land just before the Passover. This can be seen from two verses in the book of Joshua:
Now the people came up from the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month and camped at Gilgal on the eastern edge of Jericho. (Joshua 4:19)
While the sons of Israel camped at Gilgal, they observed the Passover on the evening of the fourteenth day of the month on the desert plains of Jericho. (Joshua 5:10)
It was shortly before the Children of Israel crossed the Jordan that they sent out a couple of scouts to spy out the land. This is when they met Rahab. Some locals spotted the spies, and a search party was sent out after them. This is when they came knocking on Rahab's door. The writer of Joshua tells us what happened next:
"But she had brought them up to the roof and hidden them in the stalks of flax which she had laid in order on the roof." (Joshua 2:6)
So what's with this detail of the stalks of flax? It's important because of the time of the flax harvest. In that area, flax is harvested the month before the Passover. Unrelated to Joshua, Exodus 9:31 tells us about the flax of Egypt being destroyed in the plague of the hail. This plague hit Pharoah right before the Passover. We also learn that it was the flax harvest season from the Gezer Calendar. The Gezer calendar is a small limestone tablet with an early Canaanite inscription discovered in 1908 by archaeologist R. A. Macalister. It dates to around the 10th century and contains an agricultural calendar of the time.
By oncenawhile – Istanbul Archaeology Museums, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34520838
So what's my point? Simply put, there's no description of the time of the year at which the scouts hid under the flax. The time of year has to be inferred from the fact of a pile of flax on the roof, something that would only happen right after the harvest. The date of the crossing is stated more clearly, but there's no reminder of this in the story of the spies.
So how do we account for this? It seems to me that there's two options:
1.) The writer of Joshua was either super clever and ensured that the text could withstand the most rigorous scrutiny, or…
2.) The author of Joshua didn't consider the season at all but included the details since they reflected the way he (or his source) remembered historical events that actually occurred.
It's quite improbable that the author of Joshua was capable of producing such a detailed correspondence. This kind of thing doesn't happen in ancient fictions, even in cases where the writer is working hard to produce a convincing story. When a writer does manage to produce a coincidence of this type, they'll typically make sure it doesn't go unnoticed. It won't be seen in this casual and subtle kind of way that we only find by paying close attention. Admittedly it's possible that the writer of Joshua concocted this coincidence, but it's not very likely. And this is what we have smack dab in the story about the miraculous passing through the Jordan RIver and the destruction of Jericho. This is a great example of an undesigned coincidence which points to truth in the narrative, and in the words of Blunt "and that assuredly truth leads us by the hand to the very edge of the miracle, if not through the miracle itself?"
Categories Reliability of the Bible, Video Tags Internal Evidence for the Bible, old testament, reliability of the old testament, undesigned coincidences, youtube
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What in the world would summer be without salads? Yes, a rhetorical question. The answer being obvious. When we are wilting, possibly melting into a puddle of sweat on the kitchen floor, who in their right mind wants to turn on that blasted oven? No one, that's who. We start thinking, from our nice lie down on the cool floor, of various and sundry salads.
This one begins with a foundation component of healthy flavor and protein, the lentils called in France, du Puy, renowned for holding their little shapes whilst being tossed about in a bowl with compatible associates. We don't want mushy here. This is not a curry. It is a carefully composed work of art, with jewel like color, varied textures and loads of flavor.
I was shocked to discover that Italians do not put chicken with pasta. All these years I have been doing it wrong. Of course, I was also calling mannicotti, cannelloni. And using the terms interchangeably. Bad, bad, bad. What was on my menu as cannelloni, it turns out, was actually mannicotti, since I have always used crepes instead of pasta. Well, except when I bought the tubes of dry pasta on occasion. So there you have the history of my culinary wrongdoing.
I am now on a reformed course. However, possibly I wasn't too, too off the mark, as far as chicken goes, since technically, the filling was in CREPES, not pasta. So there. It has always been a very handy way of using up a bit of left-over meat.
I decided to do the Cannelloni di Magro version of the various ones suggested, using grated zucchini instead of spinach. According to our hostess, "Magro" means "lean", but when used in a recipe it actually means "without meat", so it is a vegetarian dish." Our market's organic spinach selection didn't look all that great, so going with locally grown zucchini seemed a better bet, especially paired with some fresh garden herbs.
A few green onions, basil and parsley were added to kefir cream cheese, Monteray jack, which I happen to prefer to mozzarella (so kick me) and parmesan Reggianito cheese, mixed together with the grated zucchini for my filling. After grating your squash, be sure to salt and drain on paper towels for 30 minutes or so. Then squeeze any extra liquid out before adding the other ingredients.
The directions for the bechamel sauce and the pasta I followed as given. I did notice that the amount of flour called for was more than what I usually need, but did it anyway. Yes, as it turns out, I had to add more milk (and some wine) to get it right. Other than that, everything went great. The pasta was as easy as doing a batch of crepes.


For ophthalmic studies, we are equipped with non-contact ophthalmotonometers, funduscopes, and slit lamps.
Besides this test equipment, we also perform tests such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for measurement of retinal thickness, and Electrooculography for measuring the corneo-retinal standing potential. Please see below for more test availability.
These ophthalmic tests are generally done for safety evaluations of investigational drugs, however we are also conducting PD evaluation tests using ophthalmotonometers.


text:
Q: "On Horse Market" vs. "On the Horse Market" as the title for a post "On Horse Market"
or
"On the Horse Market"
I suspect the latter is correct, but I do not know why?
I did some research. I know that market is countable.
Is that a rule that I always have to put an article before countable nouns?

A: Although horse markets are rare in the modern world, there are other types of market, e.g., the stock market or the bond market. The word "market" takes an article because it is a countable noun.

I bought this horse at a horse market

The speaker does not think the specific location is relevant.

I bought this horse at the horse market last year

implies a specific market for horses that is presumably understood by both speaker and audience.

A:
Is that a rule that I always have to put an article before countable nouns

When the noun is not a proper noun, and referring to something that, in that sentence, can be counted, then yes.
If you can answer the question which X sensibly, then X is countable.

On Horse Market

Proper nouns in English are capitalized.  You don't use an article here because of that.
Horse Market also happens to be composed of words that also work as non-proper nouns.  When used in a non-name sense, the normal article rules would apply.

I went to the horse market that's down the street.
I went to Horse Market yesterday.
I talked to that guy yesterday.
I talked to John yesterday.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The single fastest growing industry in the United States today is the health care industry and the continued growth of the industry is expected to last for a long time to come. A job in this industry is almost guaranteed to keep you busy until you are ready for retirement.
In spite of the very large number of workers needed in this industry, not everyone has the temperament to do some of the work. People dealing directly with the patients must enjoy working with people who might be sick, injured, or impaired in one way or another. This work requires a special kind of mind-set.
There are many people, nevertheless, who aren't quite so naturally adept at working with people in distress and the health care industry needs these people, too. Health care administration positions are just as important as those that involve direct contact with patients.
People working in health care administration departments are charged with having all systems in place and operational at all times so the doctors, nurses, and other caregivers can focus on the patients and their well-being.
Health care administration personnel are responsible for keeping all patient care departments fully staffed with the best possible employees to fill every position and with schedules that flow smoothly around the clock.
Supplies are an important responsibility for health care administration personnel, too. Bed linens, uniforms, medications, equipment and its maintenance, food service, sanitation, and many other items and systems are required to keep a medical facility ready to operate every hour of the day and night.
And then there's the paperwork. Medical facilities generate an awful lot of paperwork and it's the responsibility of the health care administration department to handle, process, and distribute the vast bulk of it all.
There's really no end to the many duties and responsibilities of a health care administration department. It's all vitally important work, even if it doesn't involve direct contact with patients.


text:
Q: Store the distance between records in a variable Here is a snippet of my code that gives me accounts based on the distance to my "current" account:
public String currentPosition {
    get {
        if (String.isBlank(currentPosition)) {
            currentPosition = currentAccount.Geolocation__c;
        }
        return currentPosition;
    }
    set;
}

public PageReference findNearby() {

    String lat, lon;

    List<String> getcurrentId = currentId.split(':', 0);

    List<String> latlon = currentPosition.split(',');
    lat = latlon[0].trim();
    lon = latlon[1].trim();

    Decimal dlat = decimal.valueOf(lat);
    Decimal dlon = decimal.valueOf(lon);

 warehouses =  [
                           SELECT Id,ShippingState,  Name,URL_zum_CC__c,Mitarbeiternzahl_final__c,Auftragseingangstyp__c,AD_MS_Rel_Anzahl_bez__c,Vollst_ndiger_Name__c,ShippingStreet,LocateCity__longitude__s, LocateCity__latitude__s, OwnerId,GeoLocPosition__c,Accountinhaber_Text__c,WirtschaftszweigWZ08__c,WZ_Code_ebene_2__c,AE_letzte_12_Monate__c ,anzeigendaten_de_ID_account__c,indexurl__c
                           FROM Account
                           WHERE Letzte_gew_Opp_OneSales_in_Tagen__c <= :decimal.valueof(myTime) AND DISTANCE(LocateCity__c, GEOLOCATION(:dlat,:dlon), 'km') < :decimal.valueof(myInput) AND Id != :theaccId
                   //      ORDER BY DISTANCE(LocateCity__c, GEOLOCATION(:dlat,:dlon), 'km')
                           LIMIT :recordLimit
                  ];
   }

However what I want in addition is the actual distance as a value. I want to store that value in a variable to display it in my visualforce page. (inside a table)
The result should be something like this:

A: after some trial and error I achieved what I wanted. The code from https://developer.salesforce.com/forums/?id=9060G000000I5KyQAK did help in my case.
1) Declare a new Map
public Map<String, String> distances{get;set;}

2) re-use it here
public FindNearbyController(ApexPages.StandardController stdController) {

    currentAccount  = [SELECT Id,Name,LocateCity__c,LocateCity__Latitude__s,LocateCity__Longitude__s,ShippingState,MetaData_Distance_Customer__c,Blacklisted__c,MetaData_Last_Deal_in_days__c,WZ_Buchstabe__c,WZ_Abteilung__c,WirtschaftszweigWZ08__c, WZ_Code_ebene_2__c,Mitarbeiternzahl_final__c,AD_MS_Rel_Anzahl_bez__c,GeoLocPosition__c,Geolocation__c,Accountinhaber_Text__c,Auftragseingangstyp__c,ShippingStreet,ShippingCity,ShippingPostalCode,URL_zum_CC__c FROM Account WHERE ID =: stdController.getID()];
    this.distances = new Map<String, String>();

}

3) fill the map
for (Account war: warehouses) {

    Location loc1 = Location.newInstance(currentAccount.LocateCity__Latitude__s,currentAccount.LocateCity__Longitude__s);
    Location loc2 = Location.newInstance(war.LocateCity__Latitude__s,war.LocateCity__Longitude__s);

        Integer distance = (Integer) loc1.getDistance(loc2, 'km');
        String km = distance+' km';

        this.distances.put(war.ID, km);
    }

4) show it in the visualforce page:
<!-- distance -->
                    <apex:outputPanel layout="block">
                        <apex:outputText value="{!distances[war.id]}"/>
                </apex:outputPanel>


text:
Aller à la version de langue alt.
Climate Change 2013 - The Physical Science Basis: Summary for Policymakers
IPCC Working Group I
The Working Group I contribution to the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) considers new evidence of climate change based on many independent scientific analyses from observations of the climate system, paleoclimate archives, theoretical studies of climate processes and simulations using climate models. It builds upon the Working Group I contribution to the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), and incorporates subsequent new findings of research. As a component of the fifth assessment cycle, the IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX) is an important basis for information on changing weather and climate extremes. This Summary for Policymakers (SPM) follows the structure of the Working Group I report. The narrative is supported by a series of overarching highlighted conclusions which, taken together, provide a concise summary. Main sections are introduced with a brief paragraph in italics which outlines the methodological basis of the assessment.
Climate Change 2014

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Walking Dead, season 7, episode 4, recap: what has Negan done to Daryl?
It was the morning after the long dark night before on the Walking Dead. Negan, leering mega-villain and custodian of the best stubble on television, was in charge now and the inhabitants of Alexandria were about to discover exactly what that entailed in the season's most introspective hour yet. We were spared the explosive violence and nihilistic musings of earlier instalments though the show didn't hold back in confirming just how thoroughly Rick (Andrew Lincoln) had been beaten down by his new overlord (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) and the horribly one-sided nature of their "alliance". If the episode had a message it was that sometimes the calm is more terrifying than the storm.
"Little pig, little pig… let me in," cackled the Saviours boss as he and his crew arrived to strip Alexandria bare (they duly made off with all the mattresses and then, for giggles, set the comfy bedding ablaze on a roadside). He had of course brought best friend / trusty baseball bat Lucille and seemed disappointed when Rick and friends meekly capitulated. What the warlord really wanted was an excuse to crack more skulls. The closest he came was a stand-off with Carl (Chandler Riggs) over the safe zone's medical supplies – but even Negan blanched at bashing in the head of a one-eyed teenager.
Just when Rick thought his day couldn't get any worse, he was introduced to Negan's new mindless servant… the previously steadfast Daryl (Norman Reedus). If the Walking Dead's toughest anti-hero could be reduced to an obedient whelp, what chance had everyone else? "He's the help – you don't look at him, you don't talk to him," said Negan, speaking of Daryl as if he were a surly dog.
3: Could Rick feel any sorrier for himself?
"You don't decide what we take," Negan told Rick after the sheriff offered half the colony's supplies. "I do." The expression on Rick's face – humiliation mixed with helplessness – suggested that there truly was no way back for him. Michonne, Rosita and Spencer are among the Alexandria residents at least open to the idea of resisting the Saviours. But with Rick rolling over for Negan, clearly they cannot rely on their leader for guidance.
And to think we almost felt sorry for Negan's sidekick (Austin Amelio) having spent last week observing events from his perspective (and basking in his impressive sandwich-making skills). The scarred henchman reverted to his moustache-twirling worst as the Saviours descended on Alexandria, humiliating Rosita (Christian Serratos) by briefly stealing her really cool hat and sending her into the wilderness unarmed to retrieve Daryl's bike. Our sympathies were thoroughly snuffed out. Anyone who messes with Rosita's headgear is dead to us.
Negan made no secret of his nefarious designs on Maggie – apparently he has a "thing" for widows in the early stages of grief. Thus he appeared genuinely taken aback to hear that, after Glenn's death, she had passed away. Actually, it was all a ruse, her grave a hasty mock-up cobbled together by Father Gabriel (Seth Gilliam) in order to throw the Saviours off Maggie's scent. What a relief – even after recent traumas, a forced marriage between Negan and Maggie is more than we could bear.
Rick and company were several guns shy of their official tally – bringing out Negan's suspicious side. This proved be much the same as all his other sides, as he threatened to introduce Olivia (responsible for keeping track of supplies) to Lucille. Unless the firearms were accounted for at least one head would roll – having first been pounded to mulch.
Of all people, no-drama Spencer (Austin Nichols) was revealed to have stashed the guns (along with a party-pack of whisky and sundry treats). But while the weapons's belated retrieval was obviously good news for Olivia (Ann Mahoney), the incident highlighted Rick's deepening impotence. If bland and inoffensive Spencer was holding out who else might be doing so? His authority over Alexandria was looking ever shakier.
7: Is Rosita the new Rick?
With the majority of Alexandria's residents thoroughly cowed, Rosita was one of the last rebels in town. She had recovered a firearm from the wilderness and was keeping it close to hand. As soon as Eugene gets around to making bullets for her, expect her campaign of resistance to kick up a gear.
Episode four clocked in at a gargantuan 75 minutes (including ad breaks). That added up to a lot of post-apocalyptic angst and a year's supply of scowling from Rick. The Walking Dead may be in its seventh season but the show is clearly still prepared to take risks and, as demonstrated by this week's meditative dispatch, toy with fans's expectations.
Can the White Walkers on Game of Thrones be stopped – and what does the Night King want?


Our volunteer teams are involved in every aspect of church from taking care of our children, to running the Bridge Café, playing in the worship band, serving coffee, hosting courses, helping in reception at the Parish Office and welcoming people to church.
Messy Church runs at North Street, Hornchurch and St Matthew's Church, Chelmsford Drive, Upminster. Running bi-monthly meetings for Messy Church requires many hands. There are various jobs from welcoming families as they arrive, to pouring drinks, to crafts and everything in between.
Think you may be able to help? We would love to hear from you contact us for further details and a member of the leadership team will contact you to explain more. All our volunteers are required to be DBS checked and we will inform you how to complete this.
We place a high value on the technical presentation at all our services and events. From sound desk to video, there's always room for new people to join the team contact us.
In the Parish of Hornchurch we have a Guild of Servers who serve at communion. Serving can be traced back in the Old Testament to the first book of Samuel. Samuel was given to the temple as a child to minister under Eli. There have been servers in the parish since St Andrews Church was built. The ministry of a server is to be a practicing Christian attending church regularly. To work to a rota, arrive in time to robe up and make preparation for the service. To serve at the service assisting the clergy and clearing away afterwards. Anyone wishing to be considered as server will be trained up over several weeks in one to one sessions. They will shadow a server at services until they are confident to serve on their own. Please contact the Parish Office to leave your details and request training.
At St Andrew's we have about 20 bellringers ranging from the age of 12 to 75, both male and female. Many of our ringers are members of the church. No particular qualifications are necessary to become a bellringer. Initial teaching takes place on a one-to-one basis, with most learners ready to ring with a band in a few months. Once you have mastered the basic technique, you will be able to ring at Sunday services, 9.40-10.15am and again at 5.30-6.30pm, Saturday weddings and on practice nights. Tuesdays between 7.30 and 9.00pm is the practice night at St Andrew's Church.
Helping in the office, healing prayer team, being part of the Baptism team… The list of ways to get involved really is endless, so if you've got a talent we haven't mentioned above or you've spotted a task at church that you'd like to tackle why not get in contact! We LOVE volunteers!


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The Staff Was Always Pleasant. | Pothitakis Law Firm, P.C.
The Staff Was Always Pleasant.
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text:
Crypto: This 24-year-old quit his job at hedge fund powerhouse Citadel to build on Terra. It collapsed two months later
By May 17, 2022 48 views
At the start of 2022, Neel Somani was a quantitative research analyst working at Citadel, billionaire Ken Griffin's powerhouse hedge fund firm that manages about $47 billion. But at age 24, Somani quit in late February with dreams of getting rich in crypto and helping to build a more decentralized financial system.
Somani chose to focus on Terra, one of the most popular blockchain networks, and its related cryptocurrency, USDTerra
USTUSD,
ranked among the 10 largest cryptocurrencies by market capitalization at the time.
Last week, the$50 billion Terra blockchain collapsed, handing investors massive losses and crushing Somani's dream several weeks after he started to pursue it.
USDTerra, or UST, was known as a stablecoin, meaning it was structured to always trade one-to-one against the U.S. dollar. But starting on May 9, UST fell below $1. The fall rapidly accelerated, with the coin trading as low as five cents at one point. The price of its sister coin, Luna
LUNAUSD,
-10.00,
which backed UST, plunged to close to zero in less than a week, from over $80 in early May. Along with the price drop, the Terra blockchain was halted twice on May 12, once to "prevent governance attack," tweeted Terraform Labs, which backs the blockchain.
More than $48 billion of market capitalization of UST and Luna evaporated in a week, and the impact was felt broadly among cryptocurrencies. To defend UST's peg, Luna Foundation Guard, which supports the stablecoin, spent over 80,000 bitcoin
BTCUSD,
in its reserve, adding selling pressure to the cryptocurrency, which recently changed hands at levels that are 56% lower than its all-time high.
As recently as early April, Somani was bullish on UST. He tweeted on April 5, "I quit my job at Citadel to build a project in web3!" On May 13, he retweeted the same post, with a touch of self-mockery, "I quit my job at Citadel to get wrecked in web3."
Somani, who graduated from University of California, Berkeley, with a triple major in computer science, mathematics, and business administration, had worked at Citadel as a quantitative research analyst, with a focus on commodities. He also once worked at Airbnb as a software engineer, according to his LinkedIn page.
On a recent video call with MarketWatch, Somani, sitting at his apartment in Chicago, seemed calm, though he said he is now "essentially unemployed," and had to scrap his newly-started venture and lost about $20,000 from his investments in Luna.
Still, he doesn't regret his decision. "I recognize this was a setback, but also it comes to the territory – I knew what I was getting myself into when I quit my job to do crypto," Somani said in the interview.
When Somani left his job to start his own business, his parents hated the idea. "Because they saw how much I was making at Citadel, and they were confused why that was not enough," he said. He got more support from his friends, who are mostly at his age and some became "very successful" in crypto.
Somani declined to reveal his salary at Citadel. The average compensation of a quantitative researcher at Citadel amounts to over $400,000 per year, according to Glassdoor, based on 176 salaries including 11 that reported cash bonuses.
Somani said he made the move to crypto because it was more interesting, and "there's also the potential to make more money."
"Crypto seemed like a good intersection between my interests and what I wanted to do with my career," Somani said, adding that he has always wanted to become an entrepreneur. "I just saw this cycle of feast and famine, where people made a ton of money and lost everything. I wanted to take on more risk in my career, honestly. So I thought this is the right field."
In fact, a few years ago, when Somani was still in high school and was given free fractions of bitcoin at hackathons, he threw them away. "I thought they were useless at that time," he said.
During the past two years, especially after seeing how the cryptocurrency was used in the Russia-Ukraine war, he realized that "we actually do need some kind of decentralization to prevent big authorities or big corporations from basically blocking access to financial freedom," Somani said.
Despite Terra's collapse, Somani has not been deterred from trying to make it big in crypto. He is already drafting his next business idea, still in crypto, that he is preparing to announce in the coming weeks.
Of course, Somani isnot the only true believer who has left a well-paying, stable job in traditional finance, or tech, to work in crypto. Hiring has been fast, as the nascent industry evolves quickly. In 2021, crypto hires surged 73% from two years earlier, according to a study by LinkedIn Economic Graph published in April. In contrast, the number of hires in traditional finance declined by 1% over the same period.
Terra's death bell?
Somani was not, however, oblivious to the risks he and others were taking. He understood the key issues around Terra. In a blog post published on April 5 where he outlined his business plan, Somani highlighted that "history will view algorithmic stablecoins as either a) a disaster as inevitable as the subprime mortgage crisis or b) the greatest recent innovation in financial history."
He pointed out the risk of a "death spiral," a concern that had been shared by some other critics of Terra.
Based on Terra's design, investors are supposed to be able to exchange one UST for $1 worth of Luna, and vice versa. In relative stable market conditions, when UST is trading below $1, traders have an incentive to buy one UST and exchange it for $1 worth of Luna to make a profit. In theory, as UST is burnt to mint Luna, the former's supply would be reduced and its price pushed up back to $1. That's how the stablecoin is supposed to maintain its peg to the U.S. dollar.
However, the design had weaknesses. During broad sell-offs, when a massive amount of UST is sold, the stablecoin could fall below $1. As arbitrageurs are incentivized to burn UST and mint Luna, the latter's supply could rise and its price fall sharply. Such a development could, in turn, shake investors' confidence in the ecosystem and further reduce the demand of UST. This is what appears to have occurred last week, analysts noted.
"Algorithmic stablecoins are based on confidence and trust in the economic incentives of the stablecoin issuer's underlying ecosystem. Once that trust and investor demand evaporates, they quickly fail in a death spiral," Ryan Clements, a professor at University of Calgary who has conducted research on algorithmic stablecoins, earlier told MarketWatch.
Read: Why is UST, LUNA crashing? Collapse of a once $40 billion cryptocurrency, explained
Somani argued in his post that lending protocol Anchor, which is based on Terra and pays interest of up to 20% to users on crypto deposits, was the key reason that drove up the demand for UST. But such interest rate was unsustainable, as it was powered by the protocol's reserves, which could eventually drain up, Somani noted.
"If I were a trader, at the time I wrote my post I would have immediately short UST or short Luna, but instead I am a builder, so I thought, let me try to fix it and create those use cases for UST to prevent it collapse," Somani said.
He originally thought it would take a year for Terra to fall down and "we could potentially save it before that happened."
Somani, at the time, proposed to create more use cases for UST through building an "Ethereum Virtual Machine" on Terra, which could help bring the top decentralized applications on Ethereum, the most popular smart contract blockchain, to Terra.
Photo courtesy of Neel Sonami
Somani was initially attracted to Terra by its vision to build a stablecoin that was decentralized, instead of being issued by centralized entities, such as in the case of Tether
USDTUSD,
and USD Coin
USDCUSD,
He was also appealed by its fast growth – Terra, which was created in January 2018, became the second largest blockchain in December 2021 for decentralized finance protocols in terms of total value locked, only behind Ethereum.
"I thought that the algorithmic stablecoin project was first very intellectually interesting that you could construct a lot of interesting financial derivatives using them. And also there's a need for decentralized money," Somani said.
In fact, Somani liked algorithmic stablecoin so much that he once asked Citadel if he could receive a paycheck in Bean, another stablecoin powered by algorithms. The request was rejected, as the hedge fund said they could only issue paychecks in U.S. dollars. In April, Beanstalk, a protocol that backs Bean, was exploited for $181 million by attackers.
Though Somani still believes that there is a need for decentralized, algorithmic stablecoin, he is not sure if they will be viable and whether they could avoid the same fate of UST and other similar projects.
On May 7, when UST first lost its peg, Somani got texts from some friends who had money in Anchor, asking him what was going on. "Oh relax," he said. Somani did not think the development was a big deal because Terra had fallen below $1before and soon restored the peg.
Some of his confidence stemmed from the fact that Terra had the backing of some big-name investors in crypto. "I just figured that some institutional investors would come kinda save the day," Somani said. Firms such as Galaxy Digital, Pantera Capital and Coinbase Ventures were among backers that once invested in Terraform Labs, which supports the blockchain. Jump Crypto and Three Arrows Capital participated in a $1 billion purchase of Luna in February.
Representatives at Galaxy, Pantera, Coinbase, Jump Crypto and Three Arrows did not respond to emails seeking comment. Terraform Labs did not respond to a request for comment.
UST's peg was briefly restored on May 8, but it then fell below $1 again on May 9 and the crash began in earnest.
On the morning of May 9, Somani was still hoping the peg would recover in a day or two. However, by late afternoon, "I had some investors in my own project call me, and they said that I'm gonna have to pivot and that they don't see a future for Terra," Somani said.
By May 10, "I was thinking okay, how can I modify my project to maybe make it work on other blockchains," Somani said. Then by May 11, "I accepted that the reasons why I built my project to begin with were no longer true so I just completely dropped the whole idea," according to Somani.
Now he plans to open source the project, though some others in the community told him to hold off,as they are exploring to fork Terra, which means to make a change to the blockchain protocol and split the chain.
On Tuesday, Do Kwon, founder of Terraform Labs, proposed a revival plan for the Terra ecosystem, suggesting to fork the blockchain into a new chain without the algorithmic stablecoin. The old chain will be called Terra Classic, while the new chain will keep the name Terra.
The proposal will be up for a governance vote on Wednesday in Asia.
Somani now says that the past week has been kind of "nice" in some ways, allowing him to take a break from the fast-paced life he started when he quit his hedge fund job. Working on the cryptocurrency project was much busier than his job at Citadel, he said. "I spent every waking moment thinking about my company, like every single weekend, every hour, when I'd go out with friends, I was still thinking about it. I was still responding to messages," Somani said.
Over the past few days, "I can cancel all my meetings," Somani said. "Obviously, none of my meetings were relevant anymore. So it freed up a lot of my schedule," he said.
For the past week, Somani got drinks with friends, went on a date, and kayaked with some people he met at the Terra hacker house, where builders on the blockchain attend workshops, work on their projects, and network with each other. He had been attending the event, which is held at the Chicago headquarters of the large proprietary trading firm Jump Trading, for the past few weeks, and plans to continue to go there this week.
"It was a pretty sad hacker house last week," Somani said.
"Many of the people who lost a lot of money are no longer there. They left. And some of the people were very young. They're like college students. They didn't quite know the impact – so they were like, oh, should we keep building? And I was like, no, you should not keep building. There is no Terra anymore."
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Q: $a: E\times F\to G$ bilinear separately continuous implies continuous? Let $E$, $F$ and $G$ be Banach spaces and let $a$: $E \times F \to G$ be a bilinear map which is separately continuous, that is
$$\forall x \in E \textrm{ the map } y \mapsto a(x,y) \textrm{ is continuous}$$
and
$$\forall y \in F \textrm{ the map } x \mapsto a(x,y) \textrm{ is continuous}$$
Show that $a$ is bounded, i.e., there exists a constant $M\geq 0$ such that
$$\|a(x,y)\|_G \leq M \|x\|_E \|y\|_F,\quad\forall(x,y)\in E \times F.$$

A: For each $x\in E$ the operator $a_x: F\to G:y\mapsto a(x,y)$ is continuous. Similarly, for each $y\in Y$ the operator $a_y:E\to G:x\mapsto a(x, y)$ is continous. Since $a_x$ is continuous for any $x\in E$, there is a constant $c_x>0$ such that $\Vert a_x(y)\Vert\leq c_x\Vert y\Vert$ for all $y\in F$.
For any $y\in S_F:=\{y\in F:\Vert y\Vert_F=1\}$ we have
$$
\Vert a_y(x)\Vert_G=\Vert a_x(y)\Vert_G\leq c_x\Vert y\Vert_F=c_x.
$$
Consider family of operators $\mathcal{A}=\{a_y:y\in S_F\}$ between Banach space $E$ and $G$. By uniform boundedness principle the family $\mathcal{A}$ has a global constant $M>0$ such that $\Vert a_y\Vert\leq M$ for all $y\in S_F$. Now for any $x\in E$, $y\in F\setminus\{0\}$ we have
\begin{align}
\Vert a(x,y)\Vert_G
&=\left\Vert \Vert y\Vert_F a\left(x,\frac{y}{\Vert y\Vert_F}\right)\right\Vert_G \\
&=\Vert y\Vert_F \Vert a_{\frac{y}{\Vert y\Vert_F}}(x)\Vert_G \\
&\leq\Vert y\Vert_F \Vert a_{\frac{y}{\Vert y\Vert_F}}\Vert\Vert x\Vert_E \\
&\leq M\Vert y\Vert_F \Vert\ x\Vert_E \\
\end{align}
For $y=0$ the inequality is obvious.


text:
NASA Mount Everest Image : NASA Astronaut Shares Stunning Image Of Himalaya Mountain While Orbiting ISS Spot Mount Everest
NASA astronaut shares photo of Mount Everest taken from space
He told people by tweeting that find Everest in this picture and show it.
The whole Himalaya is visible in this picture and it is very difficult to find Everest.
Everest, the world's highest peak, is visible from afar. Its height record is 29,032 feet. Have you wondered what this Himalayan peak looks like from space? Yes, a NASA astronaut has shared a wonderful picture of Mount Everest taken from a height of 400 km above the Earth on the New Year. He told people by tweeting that in this picture, find Everest and show it.
The entire Himalayas are visible in this picture and it is almost impossible to find Everest. This photo was taken by NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei from the International Space Station. He tweeted, 'It is my New Year's determination to go out as much as possible.' He said that in this picture you can find Mount Everest? Many Twitter users made their guess on this tweet and many people also gave the correct answer.
Himalayas visible like a tree
Everest is located in the Himalayas between China and Nepal and was first climbed by humans in 1953. It is seen in this picture that the entire Himalaya is covered in a sheet of snow. The Himalayas are visible from the International Space Station like a tree whose roots are scattered on the ground. If you look in the middle of all this, then Everest is visible in it. Vande Hei came to the space station in April.
Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world, is the dream of every climber to go there once. This beautiful mountain is located in Nepal and marks the border of Nepal and Tibet. Every year, hundreds of adventurers try to climb Everest but only a few are lucky enough to succeed. Due to its harsh cold and low oxygen atmosphere, Mount Everest is one of the most dangerous mountains in the world.
Everest is visible inside the Himalayas
The height of Mount Everest is 8844 meters
The mighty Mount Everest was first measured in 1856 at 8840 meters tall. In 1955 the height was observed to be 8848 m, which is still the official height stated by the Nepalese government. However, there is another thing that the Chinese declare the height of Mount Everest to be 8844 meters. Scientists are currently in the process of re-measuring the world's tallest mountain, especially considering that the height may have changed after the 2015 earthquake.
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•City Eye Blog
Why women-in-science are leading the way | Parent-Carer-Scientist
Home > Blogs > City Eye Blog > Why women-in-science are leading the way | Parent-Carer-Scientist
Visit any of the major institutions in London, especially with the word Royal in the title, and chances are you'll find yourself confronting a staircase, or an honour board full of men or portraits of men.
The Royal Society, however, has had a make over, changing the imagery in its public spaces. There are images of women in various parts of the building and photos by Anne Purkiss at the entrance. There is also a prize for work in diversity. Its aspiration is to inspire innovation and leadership in diversity issues. This is not just about gender equality, though that would be a good start.
One member of the Royal Society council who champions diversity is Professor Dame Athene Donald, who was Cambridge University's first Gender Equality Champion from 2010–14.
These are the kind of role models we want to see. You don't have to be a scientist, or aim to be one, to see that success is within your power, as clearly spelt out by Baroness Scotland in March at the launch of the WOW weekend celebrating women.
Dame Professor Dame Athene Donald
Professor Dame Athene is a scientist, teacher, communicator and champion of diversity. She is on the Equality and Diversity Board of Sheffield University and the Gender Balance Working Group of the European Research council. She is tireless in her articles observing, commenting and advising on issues of equality, through her writing in the blog at Occam's Razor and her columns for the Guardian.
(If you only do one thing)
For March, the International Women's Month, a new document was released by the Royal Society, called Parent-Carer-Scientist, of 150 scientists and their life paths including men and some with disabilities in the family. It is interesting to see that the dialogue has shifted to include caring not just for children, but also for an older generation. Most of us at some point find our roles reversed and we need to care for an older parent or other relation.
This document is freely available to download and one that would be useful in school to discuss in careers and gender balance.
Less of the lean our lean in, life work balance, more of this is my life and how I live it.
We need more women represented in all walks of life. However, when they are visible in professions that are valued, such as politics, law or science, we need people take more notice.
Such a focus on women coming out of such a male traditional profession is interesting. Perhaps because the women who've become scientists have had to overcome more discrimination to succeed in their field and they wish to make it easier for younger scientists, and to counter a culture, which sees the male as the default. While this article is about scientists, it applies to all Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects.
As Dame Athene Donald says, "If you only do one thing today, look at your place of work."
Does it ignore, exclude, or disparage, women or girls? Here is where you can act.
© 2016 ionthecity.wordpress.com
Athene DonaldCity Eye BlogSciencestemWomen in STEM
City Eye
City Eye became interested in Overlooked and Overshadowed women, both in contemporary times and through out history. The former would include the women passed over for the Nobel in favour of their male colleagues. The later would be the wives of famous men, such as Mrs. Mandela. Her study of women written out of history, led her to interviews with interesting and inspirational women, (and some men). Extracts will be published in the articles. In no way is this men versus women, as to who is better. Simply that an overly macho, military, testosterone fueled environment, mainly men, needs the balancing attributes, often, though not exclusively, assigned to women: caring, conciliation, communication. Find out more: City Eye Blog ©christina ionthecity.wordpress.com
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The Jeremy Kyle Show
Note: Footage of the show can be found at the bottom of this page!
Recently we did the filming for the Jeremy Kyle show (ITV, Granada, England), called "Dangerous Cults, or Religious Communities?"
We will make some comments now (before we forget all that happened), which, we hope, will both prepare people for what they are likely to see when the show is broadcast (probably in mid to late December, 2007), and better inform people if they google our site AFTER the broadcast.
The Title: "Dangerous Cults, or Religious Communities?"
We were hopeful that the title could be taken to say that, while there may be some dangerous cults (e.g. Jonestown), not all religious communities should necessarily be labelled as such. Sadly, that was NOT the way it came across. Instead, the public was fed a huge dose of the cult-buster lie that every group they label a cult is, indeed, dangerous. And, sadly, the groups they might label cults would include virtually all religious communities, and a great many other new religious movements as well.
Graham Baldwin, a cult-buster (He prefers to call himself an "exit counsellor".) tells us that there are 1,000 such groups in the UK alone! That figure in itself should cause a thinking person to question whether this guy is for real. You will, of course, never get a list of those 1,000 groups, because the number is apparently just a figure he has pulled out of the air.
It appears that, even with our own group, Graham only ever knows what he reads in the newspapers and/or what he is told by angry friends, relatives, or ex-members who contact him (Bernie Sheridan, in particular). Graham, like so many cult-busters, has a set formula that he uses for tearing apart any group he wishes to attack (meaning any group that he is paid to condemn). He accuses the leaders of being able to control people's minds, tells parents to either accuse their children of false crimes (like he did to Bernie Sheridan; see The Kyri Saga) so the police will arrest them, or to report their child as having been abducted, as he also did with Bernie, and with several other parents since then. Of course, organising media events where he can compare the target groups with the Children of God or Jonestown, is also important, as happened in the Jeremy Kyle Show. The pattern rarely varies from this, no matter which one of the supposed 1,000 groups he is attacking at any one time. Shockingly simplistic, but worse still, it's shockingly successful.
Cherry mistakenly confused Graham with the other cult buster on the show, Ian Howarth, by trying to comment on his web site. Graham accused her of lying, and boasted that he doesn't even have a web site. He's a pretty secretive (and unaccountable) guy, who appears to be little more than a private investigator who used to work for Army Intelligence, but who raises a lot of money from churches and other sources (as a registered "charity" believe it or not) to support his so-called war on 1,000 unnamed organisations that he says exist in the U.K. for the purpose of destroying the world as we know it, and the lives of thousands, if not millions of people a la Jonestown!
So anyway...
The First Episode
The show is spread over two days, although both episodes were filmed in the same day. We were told that the first day would be dedicated completely to discussing some groups unrelated to ourselves, and that there would be no links between those groups and ourselves. On that basis, they said, we would not be needed for (and, indeed, were strictly forbidden from attending) that session; and we would be given no right of reply to what would appear on the first day. Nevertheless, after a protest from ourselves (Golly, we sure can be a nuisance!), we were allowed to watch the first episode from a TV room located in the studio.
At this stage we don't know how much editing may be applied to clean up the repeated references to ourselves on that first day, including use of the name Jesus Christians and use of my own name (Dave McKay). So much for their assurances, and for our rights at Granada TV!
There was a meeting between ourselves, the producers, and Jeremy Kyle during the break between the two shows, in which we were able to get a written agreement from them that they would delete one particular line, which appeared right after the shocking episode on the Peoples Temple community in Jonestown, Guyana, where more than 900 people were murdered or committed suicide. Jeremy had said, "Tomorrow we will be interviewing the leader of one such group here in the U.K." The producers tried to tell us that this did not imply any bias on Jeremy's part and that it did nothing to slander us, and Jeremy fought hard to leave it just like it was, telling us that we should take his word for it privately that he was trying to give us fair treatment! Yeah, pull the other leg now!
There were many similar references to us as "such an organisation" throughout that first episode. However, we have been assured that they will make up for that by arbitrarily selecting clips from what we say on day two to be used in their promotions before and during the first episode, which will, in their opinion, amount to our "right of reply". Yeah, sure... again! In other words, Jeremy Kyle states categorically that we are a group on a par with Jonestown, and we are shown saying, "No we aren't" and that represents fair play (if we are even lucky enough to have them choose such a statement, and not something from us that might be taken to imply even more support for the lie they tried so hard to get across during that first episode!)
One man appears on the first episode with his face blocked out, talking about how his daughter joined a group in India and married a member of that group. It appears that she had been a member of the group for a few years before the decision to go to India, where she married soon after she arrived. However, he says that he cannot name the group, because there would be some kind of unspecified injury to himself or his daughter if he did. The implication is very strong that the daughter has been kidnapped, and that there is a threat of harm to her if he says anything to or about this sinister group. It has the effect of convincing the public that there really are kidnapped hostages being held by all of these 1,000 goups. I've seen this same stunt played out before on the media, also under the tutelage of someone of the likes of Graham Baldwin.
We discovered for ourselves, from one of the producers, that the group the man's daughter actually joined was the Sai Baba community, based in Bangalore, India. I do not know of any incidents of anyone either in or out of that group being injured because of parents either making contact with or complaining about their sons or daughters joining it. So it was unfair of the TV station to build up this false fear in the minds of the viewers as a way of escaping legal accountability for the slurs being cast on the Sai Baba movement, which enjoys widespread popular support in India, largely because of its work with the underprivileged.
Our supporters know of our very serious disagreements with the teachings of the Children of God ("The Family"), and especially about our disagreements with their former practice of religious prostitution and their present practice of wife-swapping. However, Jeremy Kyle stated that the Children of God teach that adults having sex with children represent, in the eyes of the Children of God ("The Family"), the ultimate proof of their faith in God, something which no one in the world has, to my knowledge, ever even hinted at before. (Sexual abuse of children definitely has occurred in that movement, and there is room for criticism of what little has been done to curb it, but Jeremy's statement was claiming that it is openly and officially encouraged. We pointed this out to the producers, and so they MAY edit that bit of slander out before it goes to air. Nevertheless, it does reflect on Jeremy's integrity and/or his intelligence.)
What bothers us with so much discussion of extreme religious groups is that the media doesn't seem content with the facts (even when the facts in themselves can be quite shocking), but rather it depends on exaggerations and (in our case) guilt by association, in order to out-do one another in terms of sensationalism. While it would have been quite interesting to talk about what the Jesus Christians actually believe, the whole two episodes were relying on efforts to link us, instead, with the Children of God and Jonestown through little more than name-calling.
Liesel
The first episode ends with a lengthy statement by Liesel Appel, the mother of Annette, a former member of our community. Liesel appeared on the Jon Ronson video ("Kidneys for Jesus") so many years ago, saying similar lies to what she trotted out again on the Jeremy Kyle show.
Annette herself left the Jesus Christian community a few years ago (after having risen from novice to leader of the entire U.S. team in just three years), and she sent a note to the producers saying that she did not want to be a part of the show. So, while Liesel's daughter and grandchildren have been in the community, are now out of the community, and are not complaining, the producers were forced to rely on this distraught grandmother still crying and complaining about the fact that her restaurant business went bust when her daughter left to join the Jesus Christians some five years ago. The reason the business went bust, as explained by Annette to ourselves, was because Annette had been forced to work twelve to sixteen hours a day managing the restaurant while her children raised themselves, and while she was being paid for only 36 hours a week. Understandably, Liesel could not find anyone else willing to accept those terms. But you can be sure that Annette is DEFINITELY not back working for Liesel now that she is living on her own with her two children!
We were not told until the day before the filming that Liesel would be one of the people to appear, and we were not allowed to bring any notes with us onto the stage. All of this seemed calculated to put us at a disadvantage in answering questions or producing evidence. So even now we have to rely on our memory with regard to what Liesel actually said in the first day's broadcast, and the facts as we remember them from Annette's time with us. Nevertheless, there was hardly a line in Liesel's entire statement that was true, and the producers made no effort to verify anything... whereas they did what they could to thwart us from being able to locate documentation to prove otherwise.
One of the lies that Liesel told was that she was never allowed to visit Annette, and she never knew where Annette was. We announced to the producers after hearing that statement that we just happened to have one of the people present with us who was a member of the community at a time when Liesel took her grandchildren on outings (twice) as well as visiting with Annette and sharing with others in the community for several hours at a time. We said that he would be in the studio audience during the second episode, so that he could talk firsthand about Liesel's outings with her daughter and grandchildren to a concert one day and to watch a movie (Shrek) on another day. Here was a wonderful opportunity to challenge at least one clear lie in what Liesel said.
Reinhard & Alf
After having said at the beginning that they could only find room for two Jesus Christians in the studio audience, the producers retracted that at the last minute and said that NO Jesus Christians would be allowed in the audience. We were forced to threaten a complete boycott unless they kept their word, and they finally agreed to let Reinhard and Alf sit in the audience. This was agreed upon before we even knew that Liesel would be appearing. So then, when we told the producers between shows that Reinhard was there and he could testify to the fact that Liesel had lied, they passed this on to Liesel, and she told them that she was pulling out... that she would not appear unless Reinhard was removed!
The producers came to us and asked Reinhard to "do the right thing" and leave, to appease Liesel! He refused, of course, and so then they APPARENTLY went back and assured Liesel that, if she would come on the stage, Reinhard would never be allowed to speak, and so she agreed to appear. Of course they did not tell us that, and so when I pointed out during the show, that Reinhard was there, Jeremy said something like, "We'll get back to him later," but, of course, he never did! Instead, the mood swung to arguments that I was just saying that everyone was telling lies, because I was not willing to do the Christian and loving thing, which was to confess that the sheer weight of numbers in that studio who believed that I was evil should have been enough to even convince ME that they must all be telling the truth.
From their seats in the audience, btw, Reinhard and Alf were able to see that the audience had been cued to clap each time some planted clappers at the front and to the side (out of camera shot) clapped. (Reinhard and Alf were not allowed to enter the studio along with the other members of the audience, so we do not know what other briefing they were given, but they had the feeling as they were led to their seats later, that the audience knew they were the dreaded Jesus Christians, and that there were many dirty looks from other members of the audience who would turn around and look at them from time to time throughout the show.)
Unthinking Robots
Cherry and I were the first to go on the stage, and I am told that there were a few boos right from the start, though I was too distracted at the time to notice. (So much for claims by the producers, however, that the audience would have no advance information about who we were, and that they would not have seen anything of the first day's filming, thus making the audience totally unbiased at the start.)
In that first segment, I was able to get my best chance at talking without interruption, although Jeremy wanted to make it go his way right from the start. I just ignored his line of questioning and went straight into the deep concerns that I myself had felt when I had first read books about Jonestown as well as the Children of God. I explained that, like many of the people who had been hurt by those two movements, I wanted to find answers that did not lead to an over-reaction to all groups bearing some similarities to them.
One of the ex-members who spoke in the first session (I think it was Krystina, the ex-COG) had said that they thought the key factor which led to abuse within religious groups was when members failed to think for themselves. That was what I had come up with too, many years before, and so I have put a lot of effort into encouraging members of the Jesus Christians to think for themselves. The problem is that the cult-busters use this to say that people should only question the groups and leaders that THEY (the cult-busters) tell them to question, but that they should never ever question the cult-busters themselves... or anyone supporting the cult-busters. Can you see how this does not attack the real problem? And how it only shifts blind faith in one leader to blind faith in another?
It was interesting as the filming progressed, to see how the entire studio audience (and, in particular, the anti-Jesus Christian guests who had been brought there), exemplified exactly that quality, whether it was responding like robots to the cue clappers or slotting in with whatever they sensed that Jeremy (their new guru) wanted them to believe. If Jeremy (or Graham Baldwin) wanted them to believe that the Jesus Christians were "another such group", then they did not need any further evidence. They would obediently agree that they had seen all the evidence they needed to convince them that they should also become willing participants in the whole lynch mob mentality.
As I mentioned with the incident regarding Liesel, they had all heard enough that they should have known that Liesel was lying, since even Liesel herself began to change her story as the filming progressed, to allow for the fact that she HAD indeed visited the community (although she wanted to suggest that WE were the liars because we counted it as two visits, whereas she considered the two outings and the hours of discussion at our base in L.A. to be only one, since they both took place during her one trip to California from Florida).
This is only one example of many opportunities for members of the audience to have been able to sense something funny was going on, and to have started to question those conducting the attack on ourselves... if, in fact, they had been people who were able to think for themselves... questioning what was being dished up to them... not just by me and other JCs (as Jeremy and others would have wanted), but by Jeremy and his guests as well.
And this is one of the observations that I made with regard to my studies of the Jonestown tragedy: Throughout the years leading up to them being trapped in the jungle with a madman, MOST of them had seen hundreds of warning signs that something was seriously wrong. But they chose to ignore the warnings and to go with the majority, simply because it was easier that way. It may be that just those warnings signs in themselves would not have been enough for some, and certainly the children involved had no choice. I still don't have answers for how to avoid that much happening in any group, and neither does anyone else. But free thought amongst those who are old enough to think for themselves does seem to be the most important first line protection against such abuses. It's just that cult-busters are definitely NOT the champions of free thought that they claim to be.
For example, it bothered me that the ex-member of the Children of God who was sexually abused from the time that she was two and a half years old said that she does not blame her parents; instead she blames the leadership of the Children of God. Yes, blame the leaders for sure. But blame the parents too! What kind of parents allow their children to be sexually abused? And if we excuse her parents for doing that, then we excuse thousands of other parents belonging to any number of other religious communities (including our own) for individual responsibility. In essence this actually HELPS corrupt leaders, because it tells their followers that they don't NEED to think about the consequences of their actions; they can just run to Graham Baldwin when they tire of membership in a corrupt group, and he will justify them on the grounds that they were brainwashed.
Brainwashed?
Terms like brainwashing and mind control were hurled at me throughout the show without any serious attempt to examine what they meant. We sent plenty of information to Jeremy and his researchers to indicate that reputable psychologists and other genuine experts on new religious movements (whom people like Graham Baldwin call "cult apologists" because they do not paint everyone with the same brush) do not recognise such a thing as brainwashing, and that mind control, if it exists at all, is most seriously taught and practiced in the military. Graham Baldwin, the so-called "cult expert" on the show, received his training in military intelligence! In fact, mind control is pretty much what "exit counselling" is all about!
Not one scrap of evidence was given to support claims that the Jesus Christians brainwash people, if, indeed, some kind of mind control had taken place in our community. Instead, we had an angry grandmother, an emotionally unstable young man who spent somewhere between fifteen minutes and an hour with one of our communities five years ago, and an ex-member who refused to appear in person, and who has not seen us for more than 23 years, all telling the audience to trust them, that they know what they are saying when they testify that we are all brainwashed.
NOTE: I often point out that if I am capable of controlling someone's mind, then I have been a colossal failure at using it, because our membership has stayed pretty much constantly between 25 and 30 members for about 25 years! Why aren't we luring more people into our trap if, indeed, we have such a trap?
More on Liesel
Liesel was able to come on-stage on both the first and the second episodes, thus making her more or less the key witness around which the entire link between us and Jonestown could be forged. And what a forgery it was! Ha!
I shared on air about Liesel's two grand-children seeing her in the car outside the flat in Dallas, and running inside to tell Annette that she was there. They then sat expectantly waiting to hear a knock at the door, but no knock ensued. When they looked out later, she had fled. Liesel claims that she had knocked at every door and received no answer. It's possible that she somehow missed our flat, but she did not miss our landlord, because she made a complaint to him, saying that there was a dangerous cult living in the flat, and she told him exactly which flat. She now says that we later "fled", when she is the one who had us chased out! (Can you see why we were hesitant to give her our home address in the first place?)
Obviously she needed to have an apartment number to make that complaint. So she knew exactly which door to knock on (or which porch to camp on if, indeed, we were refusing to answer the door, or if we were out), but she did not do that. Nor did she fly home and write a letter to Annette telling about how upset she was that she had missed us. Instead, she wrote a letter that sounded chillingly like a stalker, as she bragged to her own daughter of having traced all of Annette's footsteps, to her bank, to her landlord, to the spots where she distributed, etc. It was full of evidence that she knew exactly where Annette and the children had been, and yet she never bothered to approach any of them. This is not a picture of a distraught grandmother; it is a picture of an angry employer trying to get revenge on an employee who dared to leave her... letting that employee know that she will be tracked, no matter where she goes to escape Liesel's overpowering influence.
Liesel repeated the lie that she started in the Jon Ronson documentary, which was that Annette had just suddenly and mysteriously "vanished". In fact, she had known for months, that Annette was corresponding with us. Annette gave Liesel a full month's notice about leaving the job, and let her know when the bus that she and the children would be catching to Dallas, would be leaving. But Liesel was so angry that she was losing her restaurant manager, that she refused to go to the station to see them off. "Just vanished?" No way!
This is all totally consistent with the fact that Annette refused to appear on the show, and with Liesel's own admission that she went to Dallas to track Annette down. How did she know that Annette and her children were in Dallas if, in fact, Annette "just vanished". She had regular mail contact with Annette (both snail mail and email) from the day Annette left the restaurant. All of that goes against the lie that she was spreading about Annette just vanishing and Liesel not being able to contact her.
Roland and Susan had been looking forward to the show as a chance to set at least part of the British public straight on what had really happened with regard to Bobby Kelly six or seven years ago. (See Cult Kidnap Boy) They had a list of points that they were hoping to make, but despite extreme effort by them and myself to get those points out, the many interruptions from Jeremy, Graham, and others, made it virtually impossible.
They did manage to point out that Bobby was NEVER kidnapped (and that they were never charged with kidnapping him). But they wanted to describe how Graham Baldwin had featured in the false kidnapping charge, the destruction of Bobby's family, and the manipulation of the media both before and after Bobby was taken into custody.
I've heard that army intelligence officers are even taught how to pass lie detector tests. Indeed, I was impressed at how confidently Graham had maintained that he had nothing at all to do with the Bobby Kelly story, when, in fact, another British journalist (who is hardly a Jesus Christian supporter) told us that he had discovered in his research that Graham was on a retainer with the Daily Express, the newspaper that just coincidentally had a three-page spread, complete with art and supporting stories, on the streets and in people's homes before the police had even found the time to act on a court decision (brought about by Graham Baldwin's lawyer convincing the court that Bobby Kelly was in extreme physical danger unless they allowed the media to print Bobby's name, his photo, and warnings that he had been kidnapped by a dangerous cult). It's true that Graham is careful to keep his name out of the limelight (apart from quotes from himself in the article that he put together along with Alex Hendry, from the Express), by getting his lawyer to appear in court and refer to him only as an expert witness, and by getting David Whitehouse, Bobby's Anglican youth pastor, to deal with Bobby's grandmother, convincing her that she needed to sign papers making Bobby a ward of the state, and especially not to tell Bobby that she wanted him to return home, lest he come home (which he most certainly would have done if she had asked) and ruin the whole "kidnapping" story!
Bobby's grandmother has since apologised both to Bobby and to ourselves for believing what David Whitehouse had told her, but once she signed the papers, stating (falsely) that Bobby was incorrigible, she could not reverse it. The family had been destroyed permanently, and it was not the Jesus Christians who had done it.
Graham Baldwin would have made a fortune on the material he provided for the Daily Express scoop. Another journalist told us that such a story is worth about eight pounds a WORD! And there were three pages of words that Graham had only to share with Alex Hendry.
The Walkout
But, as I said, very little of this was ever allowed through Jeremy's constant interruptions. What had been promised to us as a chance to explain what happened, kept turning into a nit-picking interrogation from Jeremy. At one point, he became obsessed with demanding a yes or no answer from ME about whether or not I knew where Bobby was when the police were looking for him. What a stupid question, considering that I was half a world away, in Australia, at the time, and things were changing from moment to moment. What Roland and Susan were trying to say was that it didn't really MATTER whether we knew where he was or not. He was not kidnapped.
Because of the frustration with Jeremy shaking his finger in my face and demanding that I answer his questions with a yes or no, I decided to ask a question of my own. I stood to my feet and mimicked Jeremy's style when I asked him to tell me, yes or no, whether he ever called his first wife, Kirsty, a slut. (Kirsty had been quoted in the Sunday Mail just a few days earlier with regard to Jeremy's tendency to lie, feign illness, steal money from her, and call her a slut.) Jeremy was speechless.
His answer, as I recall, after some moments of embarrassment, was that he was the one to ask the questions, and not me, because the people came to see him and not to see me.
That was the opportunity that I was hoping for. I knew that Roland and Sue were in a better position to challenge Graham Baldwin on the Bobby Kelly fiasco than myself (because they were actually present in England when it all happened), and yet, while I was on the stage, everyone was having too much fun attacking me to listen to Roland and Sue.
So I announced that, since the people had not come to see me, I would take a break, and I walked off the stage. In the wings, I was able to watch the others on a TV monitor as they sought to break through the wall of abuse, and it did seem to me that Jeremy and others were slowed down considerably because they all wanted to believe that Cherry, Rols, and Sue were victims of an evil monster (me), and now they were being forced to attack the victims, rather than listen to them. Their unwillingness to listen to any explanation was becoming more clear by my absence.
The Mock Trial
I can't remember if it happened before or after the walkout, but at some point, Jeremy challenged me about the mock trial that we had in Long Beach just over a year ago. (See The Whipping Trial) I think this is when we all tried going silent, as a protest against him interrupting us whenever we spoke. Obviously, if he could not get us to speak, there wasn't going to be much of a show, even though he did not want us to have long enough to explain anything that could not be explained in thirty seconds or less.
When Jeremy had it clear in his own mind (or perhaps when the producers had it clear and told him to shut up through the ear piece that they use to guide him), I finally had a clear run for what must have been a whole minute, and the words just came out quickly enough to explain what we had hoped to achieve through the trial in Long Beach. We could have said much more, but it was, for me, the highlight of the show... if only they don't delete it in the final cut!
While I was in the wings, the producers were jabbering in my ear about going back out on the stage. I kept saying things like, "Don't worry; I will eventually. I just want to watch how the others handle this."
"Go back and help Cherry," one of them said. "You don't want to leave her there on her own!"
Actually, apart from the slip with regard to Graham's web site, Cherry was doing just fine. It was a chance for the audience to see that she and the others did not need me to pull strings or speak on their behalf. If there's anything that Jesus Christians learn very quickly, it's how to think for themselves.
But eventually, the producers said, "Brian is out there waiting. He's our last guest. We brought him here at your request. He won't come out on the stage unless you're out there."
I strongly doubted that, as I knew Brian well enough to know that he was not going to throw away his ten minutes of fame for anything. But I did want to meet him in person, since he is the guy who has promised that he would dedicate a good portion of his life to "taking me out". He has said that I am worse than a mass murderer and a serial rapist. And all on the basis of less than an hour with some of our members in Dallas, five years ago. Brian and I have never met, partially because I would not want to give him a chance to make good on his promises about taking me out. But I did want to meet him face to face in a safe environment, so that he could see that I am not the monster that he has been told I am by his prompters at the Rick Ross forum.
Brian suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder. It's not his fault. And so I don't say this to discredit him as a person. But I have often shared with Brian through email and through our forum, that he needs to recognise this tendency toward becoming obsessed with saving the world, and question his own motives rather than totally give in to obsessions which seem to lack rational support, and which seem to be almost totally destructive.
Brian's whiny voice, and sweat-covered face did not augur well for his testimony, but, apart from that, he did a reasonable job of just stating his claims without going over the top as has happened so often in the past, on internet forums. He rattled off a few complaints, most of which I cannot remember now. The main one, as I recall, was just his blanket claim that I brainwash people. That was all it took for the audience to embrace him as a reliable witness. After all, the guy spent a few minutes in one of our communities in Dallas, and that is all they needed to believe that the people in that community were all acting under direct instructions from me, way over in Australia.
Brian had often told his story, over on the Rick Ross forum, and it features a description of Susan as a brainwashed zombie, unable or unwilling to communicate with him, filled with fear, half-starved, and almost catatonic, in Brian's estimation. What he didn't know was that Sue, who was visiting Dallas from the UK at the time, was on her way to donate a kidney in Wisconsin, and in the "Kidneys for Jesus" documentary by Jon Ronson, the exact opposite opinion was given of Sue at that exact same time. She was, in Ronson's opinion, a seasoned trouper, highly articulate, well-informed with regard to her decision, and able to take on the toughest opponents of her right to donate altruistically. In fact, about that same time, a bio-ethics conference was being held at a university in Boston, and a specialist surgeon reported how his email communications with Sue had changed his own thinking on altruistic donations. He speaks in the "Kidneys for Jesus" documentary about the powerful arguments Sue gave to convince him that altruistic donations should be allowed, if not encouraged.
But, hey, Brian was saying what the audience wanted to hear, and so he was warmly received. If he said Sue was a brainwashed zombie, then a brainwashed zombie is what Sue must have been, even though she was right there on the stage for them to judge for themselves, if they had half an interest in the truth.
At one point Brian gave quite a good introduction to a point that he was trying to make, about how we need to do what Jesus taught in the Sermon on the Mount, and judge whether a person is a "true prophet" or a "false prophet" on the basis of their "fruit". Brian concluded, however that, because there have been so many negative media reports about the Jesus Christians, then it proves that we are false prophets. In other words, he believes (contrary to quite a detailed description that Jesus gives about true prophets being persecuted and false prophets being popular) that popularity is the sign of a true prophet, and if there is a lynch mob forming, that is enough proof to convince him that he needs to join the crowd.
I asked whether or not Jesus himself ever got "bad press", and Brian was sharp as a tack.
"But YOU're not JESUS, Dave!" he shouted back, and the audience broke into yet another orchestrated outburst of applause. Brian later reported that this was his "proudest moment".
It is sad that not only Brian, but everyone sitting in that studio, apart from the members of the Jesus Christians, was not able to see the error in his logic. Is it wrong for Christians to study the life and teachings of Jesus to find principles that should work in ordering our lives today? Does it prove that one has messianic delusions if they do this? Of course not.
I could just as easily have said, "But Brian, you're not Napoleon either!" and it would have had as much relevance. The problem, however, is that I would not have had a hired mob to applaud such a stupid statement.
You can be sure that this exchange will be a highlight of the entire show, and it pretty well sums up the extent of the logic used to condemn us, i.e. because we try to follow Jesus' example, we are deluded fanatics, claiming to be the Messiah.
Lack of Evidence
I want to call on everyone who views that show to ask themselves: "What hard evidence was produced to show that the Jesus Christians are "just such an organisation" as the People's Temple (the group led by Jim Jones, that was murdered and/or committed mass suicide in Guyana about forty years ago). What evidence was produced to indicate that I am a monster who is worse than a mass murderer and a serial rapist?
Fortunately, today, public lynchings are pretty well outlawed in England. However, a British judge was recently quoted in the press as saying that he feels Jeremy Kyle's style of television presenting should be outlawed on the grounds that it is a form of "bear-baiting". But bear-baiting is popular. The media (and especially the British media) knows that it sells papers, ups the ratings, and increases their popularity. So they do it at the expense of any who are foolish enough to let themselves be interviewed.
So why did we do it?
The obvious question is that, with our extensive media experience, why did we consent to appearing on the Jeremy Kyle show. The answer is because about five minutes of truth is all it takes to blow away many hours of lies, but only if your audience is intelligent enough to listen critically.
Yeah, sure, the mentality of Jeremy Kyle's viewing audience has often been questioned. Sure, there are a lot of unthinking zombies who tune in. But Jeremy Kyle is the sort of presenter that a lot of thinking people "love to hate" as well. I cannot believe that the entire audience of 1.4 million viewers is not able to see through what he does, and in particular, through what he was doing with us.
We took with us to the studios, a young woman who had been visiting with us in the week before the show. She listened to all that was being said throughout the two episodes of the show, and two days after the filming was over, far from being scared off, she announced that she wanted to join our community. The sheer lunacy of the attack seemed to be the final proof that what we are doing is consistent with what Jesus taught and did.
I believe this is also consistent with what the Apostle Paul called "the foolishness of the cross". The "cross" refers to more than just the cross on which Jesus died. He set us an example, and he wants us to take up our crosses and follow him. So what is the foolishness of the cross? It is the belief that even in our darkest hour, when the verdict has gone against us, when the crowd has had its way, when we have been cruelly and unfairly attacked, the message of love and forgiveness will still get through... maybe not to the masses, but to those who count... the people who are able to think for themselves.
We did not set up this show (apart from our request for Brian to be allowed to participate). This show had been set up by David Lowe, a Quaker private investigator in Australia, as part of a supposedly international "summit" by people from around the world who are angry with the Jesus Christians for one reason or another. But we rejoiced on hearing of it. We thanked the producers (most sincerely) at the end of it. We asked for Brian to be able to appear and be heard. We did this because we know that the more they fight us, the more they will reveal their own irrationality, and the more they will make people question why the Jesus Christians rate such unwarranted hatred and abuse.
We have been fairly honest about declaring that our critics play right into our hands by telling bigger and bigger lies about us. And we have been fairly honest about the fact that their use of the media to attack us actually helps our cause. And still they do it. The more the masses hear their lies, the more individuals there are going to be (you know, those rare people who are able to think for themselves) who will come and check us out. In this age of Google and web sites, people searching for the sites that damn us are eventually going to come to ours and see for themselves. We can't lose. Either we get our message out through clear sailing (if they have the good sense to say nothing), or we get it out through the shenanigans of the lynch mob itself.
Oh yeah, almost forgot! The producers read out a letter from Malcolm Wrest, a former member of the Jesus Christians, at some stage. I guess it was supposed to be their master stroke. After all, unlike Brian and Liesel, Malcolm had actually been a member for some three or four years.
After weeks of telling me that they would let me know who was going to be present as soon as they knew, and that they would let me know what issues would be raised before the show started, they told me on the night before the filming session, that they had a letter from Malcolm, but that I would not be allowed to see its contents until it was actually read out on air. Why do you suppose they did that? Wasn't it because they did not have much faith in whatever was written in that letter to actually achieve anything in their attempts to discredit us?
So when Jeremy pulled out Malcolm's letter, I announced (before I ever heard a word that Malcolm had written) that I was not going to respond without notice, that if Malcolm was allowed the luxury of writing a letter with lots of time to research and think about it, and to present it without interruption on the show (while hiding his face from the public), then I too would prepare a written statement after the filming stopped, and that could be read out later as my response. Jeremy accepted; however, I would not be surprised if he deletes Malcolm's letter AND my response, because the letter was really a fizzer.
You see, about the only things I can even recall now from that letter was that Malcolm said that we once played a game (something like "Simon Says") where I said, "Simon says, bark like a dog," and he also said that he can assure the public that kidney donations by Jesus Christians are given under coercion from myself.
If I could only have looked decades ahead, of course, I would never have played such a silly game. But the one fact that casts overwhelming doubt on Malcolm's overall testimony is that the last time he ever saw me was almost a quarter of a century ago. The first Jesus Christians to have donated kidneys, did so about five years ago, almost twenty years after Malcolm left the group. Consequently, BRIAN's testimony would have to be seen as more reliable than Malcolm's. In 25 years, there must be dozens of people who have left the Jesus Christians, who could have been produced as more reliable witnesses against us than Malcolm. David Lowe claims to have located sixty of them, and Brian says that every one of them has only negative things to say about me. So where are they? There are very few groups on earth that could boast a record of a quarter of a century without a single disillusioned ex-member willing to publicly criticise it. But that seems to be the Jesus Christian claim to fame.
When Malcolm left the group in anger, so many years ago, he said that he did not have anything that he could nail the group on, but that he was going to keep at it until he did. We did not hear from him for 22 years. And then, last year, he discovered the Rick Ross forum, where angry ex-members of any number of groups (Rick claims to know 500 more than Graham, with his list set at 1,500 cults) were being coached in building up a case based only on their own competition to see who could use the most damning names for the leaders of the groups that they had left. Brian, with his mass murderer charges had to be the overall winner, but Malcolm created fantasy after fantasy about me being Idi Amin, Hitler, and various other famous dictators, in order to achieve a very close second to Brian. The two of them whip up one another with hatred, but do not have a skerrick of evidence between them.
Malcolm himself would say things on the Rick Ross forum like, "I have fond memories of my time with David, who came across as a caring person at the time; but that is a very different David to what he has become."
So, as I said at the beginning of this very long statement, the whole case rested on a guy who hasn't seen us for nearly a quarter of a century (and who was too frightened to appear on the show himself), another guy who spent less than an hour visiting one of our communities, and a grandmother whose business collapsed when her daughter joined the group, but whose daughter is no longer in the Jesus Christians, and who did not want to appear on the show in support of the stuff her mother was saying, anyway.
Really, Jeremy! The members of the Jonestown tragedy were almost all killed off, and yet I'm sure I could find more bonafide witnesses to testify against them even today than what you came up with as your witnesses in warning the world about the terrible Jesus Christians, who are all still alive and well today!
Below is footage from The Jeremy Kyle Show. We have broken it up into smaller segments. Just scroll down and press play on the segment you would like to watch.
PART FOUR:
Home > Media > Controversies > The Jeremy Kyle Show


text:
Former US President George H.W. Bush released from hospital
Washington: Former US President George H.W. Bush has been discharged from Houston's Methodist Hospital where he had been hospitalised in April after contracting an infection, according to his spokesman, Jim McGrath.
"His doctors report he is doing well and is happy to return home," McGrath tweeted on Friday. Bush, 93, had been admitted to the hospital after contracting the infection that spread to his blood following the funeral for his wife, former First Lady Barbara Bush, reports CNN.
Bush tweeted on Thursday that he had "not taken up residence" at the hospital and was waiting for a "green light" to leave. In response to the hospital naming a new atrium after him and Barbara Bush, he wrote on Twitter: "Quite moved by this announcement by @MethodistHosp. The atrium is beautiful, but recent developments notwithstanding I have not taken up residence here.
"The doctors, nurses and support staff are so nice, but the second I get the green light I'm outta here." Bush's son former Florida Governor Jeb Bush also tweeted about the announcement that his father had been released from the hospital. "Thanks for all of your prayers. Dad is doing well and headed home," he wrote on Friday evening.


text:
//
//

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;

namespace agpsl.NET
{

    public class EnhancedSerialPort : SerialPort
    {
        public EnhancedSerialPort() : base()
        {
        }

        public EnhancedSerialPort(IContainer container) : base(container)
        {
        }

        public EnhancedSerialPort(string portName) : base(portName)
        {
        }

        public EnhancedSerialPort(string portName, int baudRate) : base(portName, baudRate)
        {
        }

        public EnhancedSerialPort(string portName, int baudRate, Parity parity) : base(portName, baudRate, parity)
        {
        }

        public EnhancedSerialPort(string portName, int baudRate, Parity parity, int dataBits) : base(portName, baudRate, parity, dataBits)
        {
        }

        public EnhancedSerialPort(string portName, int baudRate, Parity parity, int dataBits, StopBits stopBits) : base(portName, baudRate, parity, dataBits, stopBits)
        {
        }

        // private member access via reflection
        int fd;
        FieldInfo disposedFieldInfo;
        object data_received;

        public new void Open()
        {
            base.Open();

            if (IsWindows == false)
            {
                FieldInfo fieldInfo = BaseStream.GetType().GetField("fd", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
                fd = (int) fieldInfo.GetValue(BaseStream);
                disposedFieldInfo = BaseStream.GetType().GetField("disposed", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
                fieldInfo = typeof(SerialPort).GetField("data_received", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
                data_received = fieldInfo.GetValue(this);

                var newthread = new Thread(EventThreadFunction)
                {
                    IsBackground = true
                };
                newthread.Start();
            }
        }

        static bool IsWindows
        {
            get
            {
                PlatformID id = Environment.OSVersion.Platform;
                return id == PlatformID.Win32Windows || id == PlatformID.Win32NT; // WinCE not supported
            }
        }

        private void EventThreadFunction()
        {
            do
            {
                try
                {
                    var _stream = BaseStream;
                    if (_stream == null)
                    {
                        return;
                    }
                    if (Poll(_stream, ReadTimeout))
                    {
                        OnDataReceived(null);
                    }
                }
                catch
                {
                    return;
                }
            }
            while (IsOpen);
        }

        void OnDataReceived(SerialDataReceivedEventArgs args)
        {
            ((SerialDataReceivedEventHandler)Events[data_received])?.Invoke(this, args);
        }

        [DllImport("MonoPosixHelper", SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern bool poll_serial(int fd, out int error, int timeout);

        private bool Poll(Stream stream, int timeout)
        {
            CheckDisposed(stream);
            if (IsOpen == false)
            {
                throw new Exception("port is closed");
            }

            bool pollResult = poll_serial(fd, out int error, ReadTimeout);
            if (error == -1)
            {
                ThrowIOException();
            }
            return pollResult;
        }

        [DllImport("libc")]
        private static extern IntPtr strerror(int errnum);

        static void ThrowIOException()
        {
            int errnum = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
            string error_message = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(strerror(errnum));

            throw new IOException(error_message);
        }

        void CheckDisposed(Stream stream)
        {
            bool disposed = (bool)disposedFieldInfo.GetValue(stream);
            if (disposed)
            {
                throw new ObjectDisposedException(stream.GetType().FullName);
            }
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Herve Alphand, 86, France's ambassador to the United States during the John F. Kennedy Administration. The son of a career diplomat, Alphand studied law and political science and was an economics attache at the French Embassy in Washington at the outset of World War II. He became director of economic affairs in Charles de Gaulle's government-in-exile in London and later in Algiers. Alphand served as French ambassador to NATO from 1950 to 1954 and to the United Nations in 1955 and 1956. He was ambassador to the United States from 1956 until 1965, and with his glamorous late wife, Nicole, made the French Embassy a major Washington social center during Kennedy's presidency. Alphand returned to France in 1965 as secretary general of the French Foreign Ministry and remained in that post until he retired in 1972. He was a member of France's prestigious Legion of Honor and wrote his memoirs under the title "The Astonishment of Being." On Thursday in Paris.