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Davood Koochaki
Exhibition From September 9 to October 4, 2015
Davood Koochaki began to seriously pursue drawing at the age of sixty. Having retired from his job as an auto mechanic, he was encouraged by his son-in-law, a professional artist, to explore his budding interest in art.
Koochaki's hobby quickly evolved into a full-blown artistic practice, and his works, mostly drawn with graphite and colored pencil, became steadily bolder and more complex. Human-like figures and mysterious creatures developed from his initial marks on paper, and grew in both scale and intensity.
Koochaki works intuitively, allowing the compositions to evolve without a formal plan. According to the artist, "I try to draw beautifully, but this is the way it comes out. Maybe it has to do with my difficult past. I begin to draw a few lines, look at them, and then I see a figure coming that I can draw." Despite the fluidity of form and sex among his figures, they all seem to respect Iran's dress code for women and are covered by a hijab, chador, or burka. These elements of concealment are not completely successful and certain elements, primarily the male anatomy, often peak through revealing their true nature.
This visual game of hide-and-seek, cloak-and-dagger, or perhaps more appropriately show-and-tell is an essential element of Koochaki's work. His figures are shrouded in dark layers of graphite. Through his drawings, Koochaki navigates the public and the private, striking a balance between what to hide and what to highlight, rendered in a visual language that is completely his own.
Davood Koochaki was born in 1939 in northern Iran. He began working at the age of seven but eventually taught himself to read and write. At the age of thirteen, he left his family for Tehran, where he was hired to help in a car repair workshop. His drawings were first exhibited in Tehran in 2008. Undercover is his second solo exhibition at christian berst art brut and his first in the United States.
Davood Koochaki was born in 1939 in a rice-growing region in northern Iran. His family was very poor and they had to work their landowner's fields. Koochaki too had to begin to work when he was just seven. He only taught himself to read and write later on. At the age of thirteen, he decided to leave his family for Teheran, where he hoped to make a better life. He was hired to help in a car repair workshop and was trained to work as a mechanic. At the age of 24 he opened his own business. He married the same year and subsequently had four children. He began to draw a little as a hobby at the age of 40, but it was only after he retired at 60 that he pursued drawing more seriously, producing[…]
Davood Koochaki undercover
Foreword : Christian Berst
Catalog published to mark the exhibition Davood Koochaki : undercover at christian berst art brut, New York, from september 9th to october 4th, 2015.
Annette Messager - galerie christian berst
Philippe Dagen, Le Monde. September 28, 2015.


Some pretty flowers, oops I mean weeds. We didn't eat these.
If Piper is going to pull, he might as well give someone a ride. He is 80 pounds now and he can pull with 1pp (Piper Power).
The creek is low so we are able to get across once again to explore the other side. If you look closely where Duke is staring in the water you will see a giant snakeskin... I was scared to walk back across those boards!
We found several new greenbelts leading to a really nice subdivision close to the airport. It is so pretty back here! We also found blackberry bushes full of flowers so we will go blackberry picking the next weeks. We love fresh blackberries.
Of course one the boys told their best friend about the blackberries so we had to go back so he could explore with us. I even convinced Paul to join us. Paul loves a good adventure hike, unless of course the weather is nice and then he would rather be flying.
We didn't find many ripe blackberries, but the boys were able to entertain themselves just fine.
Thanks for sharing your latest update. Have a great week Rita.
You are so welcome Lisa, and have a great weekend too!!!


Stella McCartney has cut Kering's 50 per cent share out of her fashion empire in a bid to move forward with an independent business.
The 46-year-old fashion designer has been in partnership with the luxury French fashion group for 17 years, and they jointly launched her self-titled fashion house, but she has decided to buy back their 50 per cent hold in her brand so she can focus on building an independent business.
Stella - the daughter of Beatles legend Sir Paul McCartney - insists the two parties are ending their co-operation on good terms and she will forever be grateful for their "incredible partnership".
Speaking to WWD.com, she said: "I have had an incredible relationship with Kering, and first and foremost with the Pinault family, whom I consider to be great friends. I'm incredibly close to them. We had such a successful business together, an incredible partnership. We never had any hiccups."
Francois-Henri Pinault - the chief executive officer of Kering - released a statement on Wednesday (28.03.18) confirming the decision to part ways saying he was "proud" of the success they have achieved together and promises a "smooth transition" in the market.
He said: "Kering is a luxury group that empowers creative minds and helps disruptive ideas become reality. I am extremely proud of what Kering and Stella McCartney have accomplished together since 2001. Stella knows she can always count on my friendship and support."
Stella - whose father is Sir Paul McCartney - did not reveal her plans to finance the buyback but suggested she will not be turning to her famous father for the money.
And according to documents at the official register of U.K businesses, Companies House, Stella has had a successful partnership with the Kering house after turnover rose 31 per cent to £41.7 million in the 12 months to December 2016.


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3-D printing re-creates ancient sculpture destroyed by IS
APUpdated July 04, 2019
London: A 3D printed re-creation of the ancient Lion of Mosul, which was destroyed by the militant Islamic State group, is displayed as part of the 'What Remains' exhibition at the Imperial War Museum on Wednesday. — AP
LONDON: A figure of a roaring lion, about the size of a loaf of bread, is the latest step in the fight to preserve culture from conflict.
The sculpture is a replica of a colossal 3,000-year-old statue from the Temple of Ishtar in Nimrud, in what's now Iraq. The stone statue was one of many artefacts from the Mosul Museum destroyed by the militant Islamic State group after it overran the city in 2014.
The replica Lion of Mosul, which can be viewed online, was modelled from crowd-sourced photos taken by Mosul Museum visitors in happier times and 3-D printed as part of Google's digital arts and culture project.
It's going on display at London's Imperial War Museum in an exhibition that looks at how war devastates societies' cultural fabric and at the ingenious and often heroic steps taken to preserve it.
Chance Coughenour, digital archaeologist at Google Arts and Culture, said the exhibition "highlights the potential of technology both in terms of digitally preserving culture and telling these amazing stories in engaging new ways." It also illustrates a grim truth: culture has long been a casualty of conflict. Museums, monuments and even music are often deliberately targeted by combatants.
Published in Dawn, July 4th, 2019
Philistine DNA suggests European roots, researchers say
France returns looted relics to Pakistan
In north Syria, the arts return to former militant bastion
Ayesha Khan
Art, Culture and Music is the best way to divert people from the real issues of life and the right path.
Recommend 0
@Ayesha Khan,
No its not. Also you can't define "the right path" for all people. Culture, music, arts are ways of expression. They have been constant throughout history and time. You can trace history by reading the hieroglyphs, the carvings and statues of ancient roman, yes, even religious history and culture. Maybe open your mind and explore the beautiful world of arts and not judge based on ignorance and perceived conservatism. It's heartbreaking how isis ruined the ancient city of Petra.
International Court of Justice to rule on Indian spy Kulbhushan Jadhav case today
US welcomes increased 'people-to-people ties' between Pakistan, India through Kartarpur
Thai king swears in coup leader's cabinet
Pakistani conjoined twins separated in UK
Orphaned baby bear finds home in Sarajevo zoo
UAE-based oil tanker's presence near Iran's waters raises concern
Scarlett Johansson says she was a victim of clickbait
When environment-friendly shopper bags aren't good for the environment at all
Not good for the industry to release all the films on Eid, says Shaan Shahid
India scrubs Moon mission launch one hour before liftoff
Six or five runs for Ben Stokes? Overthrow controversy in last over of World Cup final
TCC open to negotiated settlement with Pakistan: chairman
Technical knockout: Kiwis praise team but query 'cruel' rules
PM directs to form commission to probe 'who's responsible for Reko Diq predicament'
'Economy needs stimulation'
England win their first-ever World Cup after beating New Zealand in nerve-wracking super over
Transcript of RAW agent Kulbhushan's confessional statement
Zahid Hussain
Editorial: Embezzlement allegations against Shehbaz
In pictures: Streets lie inundated after heavy monsoon rains hit Punjab, northern areas
Pakistan told to pay $5.9bn to mining firm in Reko Diq case

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Willeyia bisulcata är en djurart som tillhör fylumet svalgsträngsdjur, och som beskrevs av Punnett 1903. Willeyia bisulcata ingår i släktet Willeyia och familjen Spengelidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Ollonmaskar
bisulcata

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Coachella racism shakes the hip hop industry
By SS the Showstopper
Rapper Drake has accused staff at a Californian country club of racial discrimination. The Valley music and art festival Coachella, held in Indio, California on March 15, was much to the disdain of the rapper, who accused staff at a California country club that the Coachella racism was alive.
The "hotline bling" rapper was not a guest on the show, but was invited by rapper Future, to perform alongside with him. While in the area, he visited The Madison Club in La Quinta, a golf, spa and country club that serves a surrounding private residential community.
"The most offensive place I have ever stayed at in my life with staff who pick and choose who they are going to accommodate based on racial profiling," he wrote on his Instagram page.
Coachella racism at the Madison club, caused quite a stir on social media, as Drake's fans responded with fury to his accusations, posting scathing reviews of the exclusive establishment on social media.
Homes in the club's private residential community sell for between US$4 million and US$10 million, while the club itself has a joining fee of more than US$200,000.
The Madison Club is located just two miles from the Coachella site.
Despite the sour end to Drake's Easter weekend, he delighted fans at Coachella, performing the songs Jumpman, Gyalchester, and Fake Love alongside Future.
The Madison Club bosses were quick to angrily deny Drake's accusations in a comment beneath his original Instagram post.
"The Madison Club Inn completely refutes the notion that it is in any way, shape, or form a racist establishment," their response read. "This is textbook character assassination."
It is later understood that the Madison club posted a pre apology on their website:
" We are sorry for the inconvenience. We will be issuing out a formal apology to you and the public we will also be investigating this as we do not tolerate racial discrimination."


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JP6254420B2 - Welding structure and welding apparatus - Google Patents
Welding structure and welding apparatus Download PDF
JP2015085645A (en
裕至 提坂
佐藤 正和
正和 佐藤
株式会社小糸製作所
2013-11-01 Application filed by 株式会社小糸製作所 filed Critical 株式会社小糸製作所
F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
F21S41/28—Cover glass
B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
B29C65/16—Laser beams
B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
B29C65/1687—Laser beams making use of light guides
B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
B29C66/114—Single butt joints
B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
B29C66/733—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
B29C66/7336—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light
B29C66/73365—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light at least one of the parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light
B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
F21S41/29—Attachment thereof
F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
B29C65/1638—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding focusing the laser beam on the interface
B29C65/1658—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning once, e.g. contour laser welding
B29C65/1661—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning repeatedly, e.g. quasi-simultaneous laser welding
B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
B29K2995/0026—Transparent
B29K2995/0027—Transparent for light outside the visible spectrum
B29K2995/0031—Refractive
B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
B29L2031/747—Lightning equipment
The present invention relates to a welding structure in which workpieces are welded by irradiating light such as laser light, and a welding apparatus for realizing the welding structure.
One of the processes for manufacturing a lamp for a vehicle is a process of integrally fixing a transparent front cover to a container-shaped lamp body, and a technique for welding the lamp body and the front cover is used as a technique for this fixing. ing. In other words, a transparent front cover is brought into contact with the lamp body, laser light is projected from the front cover side to the contact surface, and both are melted and joined at the contact surface by the light energy of the laser light. is there. Further, in order to improve the welding quality by this welding method, a transparent jig in the form of a transparent plate is provided on the front cover side, and the front cover is pressed against the lamp body by this transparent jig, so that both the contact surfaces There is also a technique for performing welding with improved adhesion.
However, when laser welding is performed using such a transparent jig, the spot diameter increases when the laser light projected to the welded portion passes through the transparent jig and the front cover, and the welding quality is degraded. May occur. That is, the projected laser beam is refracted on the surface of the transparent jig or the front cover, and this refraction increases the spot diameter of the laser beam on the weld surface. When the spot diameter increases, the light energy per unit area of the laser light (hereinafter referred to as light energy density) is lowered, and the welding quality is lowered. Patent Document 1 proposes a technique in which the total thickness dimension is made equal in order to prevent variation in the spot diameter of the laser beam due to the difference in total thickness dimension between the transparent jig and the front cover.
JP 2006-12502 A
According to the technique of Patent Document 1, the spot diameter is kept uniform, which is effective in improving the welding quality. However, according to the study of the present inventor, it has been found that it is difficult to uniformly maintain the spot diameter of the laser light at the site where the welding surface is recessed as viewed from the laser light projection direction. That is, although details will be described later, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, a concave region 12 having a square cross section or a small radius of curvature exists in a part of the welding surface 11 a of the lamp body 1. When the front cover 2 is placed on the welding surface 11a and the transparent jig 3 is further placed thereon, and laser welding is performed by projecting the laser beam L, the surface of the transparent jig 3 is removed. The laser light incident toward the welding surface 11a is refracted toward both outer sides in the recessed region 32 formed on the surface of the transparent jig 3 corresponding to the recessed region 12 of the welding surface 11a, and is welded. The spot diameter of the laser beam L at 11 a is increased in the direction along the recessed area 12. Therefore, the light energy density of the laser beam L on the welding surface 11a in the recessed region 12 is lowered, and the welding quality is lowered. In order to prevent an increase in the spot diameter due to the recessed area 32 of the transparent jig 3, it can be considered that the surface of the transparent jig 3 is formed into a flat surface. As a result, the problem of variation in spot diameter due to variation in thickness including the transparent jig described in Patent Document 1 occurs.
An object of the present invention is to provide a welding structure and a welding apparatus in which the welding quality of welding by a laser beam or the like is improved.
The welding structure of the present invention is a welding structure in which a light-transmissive second member is brought into close contact with a first member, spot light is projected from the second member side, and both members are welded on the tight surface. And the recessed part exists in the surface of the said 2nd member where the said spot light is projected , The said welding part is a linear which has a required width dimension over the predetermined | prescribed area | region including a recessed part in part. It is extended and the curvature radius of a dent area | region is more than twice the width dimension of a welding part, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
In this welding structure, for example, the first member is a lamp body of a lamp, the second member is a translucent cover, an opening edge portion of the lamp body, and a peripheral portion of the translucent cover. There are welded, Ru least a portion the recessed region is formed in Tei of the opening edge portion and the peripheral portion.
The welding apparatus of the present invention includes a holding unit that holds a first member and a light-transmissive second member in close contact with each other, and a spot light emitted from a light source is transmitted through the holding unit and the second member. A welding apparatus comprising light projection means for projecting from the side onto a surface in close contact with the first member, wherein a radius of curvature of a recessed area formed on a surface of the holding means on which the spot light is incident is the spot. A welding apparatus characterized by being at least twice the spot diameter of light.
In this welding apparatus, the holding means is configured as a translucent transparent jig that presses the second member against the first member, and the recessed region of the transparent jig is formed by the second portion. It is preferable that the radius of curvature is the same as that of the recessed region formed in the member.
In the welding apparatus of the present invention, the holding means for closely holding the first member and the second member is such that the radius of curvature of the recessed area formed on the surface on which the spot light for welding is incident is such that the spot light Since it is at least twice the spot diameter, the spot energy or spot area of the spot light that is transmitted through the second member and projected onto the welding surface is not increased unnecessarily, and the optical energy density for performing the welding Can be maintained at a predetermined level, and a welding structure with high welding quality can be manufactured. Further, in this welding apparatus, the welding structure of the present invention can be realized, and the welding structure of the present invention forms a welded portion with spot light having a low light energy density reduction rate, so that high welding quality can be obtained. Can do. Furthermore, according to the welding structure of the present invention, the holding means of the present invention can be formed to have a uniform thickness, and a decrease in light energy density due to a difference in thickness can be prevented.
1 is an external perspective view of a tail lamp of an automobile to which the present invention is applied and an exploded perspective view of a part thereof. The enlarged view for demonstrating each dent area | region of a lamp body, a front cover, and a transparent jig. The conceptual block diagram of a laser welding apparatus. The top view and longitudinal cross-sectional view explaining the spot diameter of the laser beam in the dent area | region in embodiment. The figure which shows the relationship between the curvature radius of a dent area | region, and a light energy density fall rate. The top view and longitudinal cross-sectional view explaining the spot diameter of the laser beam in the dent area | region where a curvature radius is small.
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, as an example of the welding structure of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, an example in which the present invention is applied to a left tail lamp TL of an automobile in which a recessed region exists in a part of the front surface of the lamp is shown. Yes. FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the overall configuration of the tail lamp TL, and a partial exploded perspective view is shown on the lower side of FIG. The lamp body 1 of the tail lamp TL is a first member in the present invention and is formed by molding a light-absorbing resin into a container shape, and the front surface of the opening edge portion 11 is configured as a welding surface 11a. .
The front cover 2 of the tail lamp TL is a second member in the present invention, which is formed by molding a light-transmitting resin, and has an outline having a contour along the opening edge 11 of the lamp body 1. It is formed in a plate shape having a uniform thickness. The inner surface of the peripheral edge portion 21 of the front cover 2 is in close contact with the front surface of the opening edge portion 11 of the lamp body 1, that is, the welding surface 11a as a welding surface 21a, and the welding surface 21a is welded to the welding surface 11a of the lamp body 1. Has been. The lamp body 1 and the front cover 2 constitute a lamp housing of a tail lamp, and a light source and an optical member are housed in the lamp housing to constitute the tail lamp TL. Here, the specific configuration will be described. Is omitted.
The lamp body 1 is formed with recessed regions 12 that are recessed in a substantially V-shape toward the bottom of the lamp body 1 at a plurality of locations on the opening edge 11 due to the requirements of the vehicle body design of the automobile. Here, recessed regions 12 are formed on the left and right edges of the opening edge 11 in two stages in the vertical direction. Further, the front cover 2 is also formed with two upper and lower groove-shaped recessed regions 22 extending in the left-right direction at portions corresponding to the recessed regions 12 of the lamp body 1 when viewed from the surface. The welding surface 11a of the lamp body 1 including these recessed regions 12 and 22 and the welding surface 21a of the front cover 2 have a required width dimension Wx over the entire length along the circumferential direction of the welding surfaces 11a and 21a. The welded part X is formed, and the lamp body 1 and the front cover 2 are welded by the welded part X as described above.
FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of the recessed regions 12 and 22 with the opening edge 11 of the lamp body 1 facing upward. In this embodiment, as described above, the recessed area 12 of the opening edge 11 is formed in a substantially V shape in the two-dimensional direction along the length direction of the opening edge 11, so that the recessed area 12 is the most recessed. The inclined surfaces (hereinafter referred to as inclined surfaces) 12r and 12l sandwiching the bottom portion 12b on the left and right are extended in a direction intersecting at a required angle so as to form a V shape. The bottom portion 12b sandwiched between the inclined surfaces 12r and 12l on both sides has a curved surface with a radius of curvature R that is at least twice the width dimension Wx of the welded portion x.
The recessed area 22 formed in the front cover 2 is also formed of left and right inclined surfaces 22r, 22l and a bottom 22b, similar to the recessed area 12 of the lamp body 1, and the bottom 22b is particularly formed in the lamp body 1. Are formed on a curved surface having the same radius of curvature R as that of the recessed region 12, that is, a curved surface having a radius of curvature R that is at least twice the width Wx of the welded portion x. The reason why the radius of curvature R of the bottom portions 12b and 22b of the recessed regions 12 and 22 of the lamp body 1 and the front cover 2 is formed at least twice the width dimension Wx of the welded portion X will be described later.
FIG. 3 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a laser welding apparatus 100 for welding the front cover 2 to the lamp body 1. A laser projection device 101 is disposed at an upper position of the laser welding device 100. The laser projector 101 emits laser light emitted from a laser light source not shown in the figure as a laser light L having a predetermined beam diameter, that is, laser light having a predetermined spot diameter, by a condensing optical system. Is projected while scanning in an arbitrary direction by a deflection optical system that does not appear in FIG. For example, a galvanometer mirror device is used as the deflecting means. Alternatively, the entire laser device may be configured to perform scanning by being controlled to move in an arbitrary direction.
A welding table 102 is disposed in a region below the laser projection device 101 where the laser light L is projected, and the lamp body 1 moves above the opening edge 11 on the welding table 102. It is supported towards. The front cover 2 is placed on the lamp body 1, and the peripheral edge portion 21 is overlapped with the opening edge portion 11 of the lamp body 1. At this time, it goes without saying that the welding surface 11a of the lamp body 1 and the welding surface 21a of the front cover 2 are closely stacked. Further, a transparent jig 3 is placed on the front cover 2 and is in contact with the front cover 2 being pressed by a support mechanism not shown in the drawing. Thereby, the welding surface of the lamp body 1 and the welding surface of the front cover 2 are in close contact with each other. This transparent jig 3 is configured as a holding means for holding the first member and the light-transmissive second member in close contact with each other in the present invention.
The transparent jig 3 is formed of a light transmissive resin, here, a transparent acrylic resin. FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of a portion corresponding to FIG. 2A, and the transparent jig 3 basically has a back surface that is in contact with the front cover 2 as in the technique described in Patent Document 1. It is designed to have a uniform thickness dimension. Therefore, a recessed region 32 having a similar surface shape is formed in regions corresponding to the recessed regions 12 and 22 formed in the opening edge portion 11 of the lamp body 1 and the peripheral edge portion 21 of the front cover 2, respectively. It will be. The recessed area 32 includes inclined surfaces 32r and 32l inclined at the same angle as the left and right inclined surfaces of the recessed areas 12 and 22 of the lamp body 1 and the front cover 2, and a bottom portion sandwiched between the inclined surfaces 32r and 32l. The surface of the bottom portion 32b is formed in a curved surface having the same curvature radius R as the curvature radius R of each of the recessed regions 12 and 22 of the lamp body 1 and the front cover 2 described above.
When the front cover 2 is welded to the lamp body 1 in the laser welding apparatus 100, as shown in FIG. 3, the lamp body 1 is supported on the welding table 102, and the front cover 2 is placed thereon. Further, by placing the transparent jig 3 thereon and pressing the transparent jig 3 by the support mechanism, the transparent jig 3 presses the front cover 2 downward, and the welding surface of the front cover 2 is placed on the lamp body. 1 is brought into close contact with the welding surface. Then, the laser beam L having a required spot diameter is projected from the laser projection device 101 toward the region corresponding to the weld surface.
The projected spot-like laser light L (hereinafter referred to as spot light) is transmitted through the transparent jig 3 and further transmitted through the peripheral edge portion 21 of the front cover 2 on the lower side thereof, and the opening edge of the lamp body 1 11 is projected onto the welding surfaces 21a and 11a that are in close contact with each other. The transparent jig 3 and the front cover 2 are light-transmitting resins, but the lamp body 1 is formed of a light-absorbing resin, so that the lamp body 1 absorbs light by the projected spot light L. Heat is generated, and the front cover 2 is welded by this heat generation. Since the spot light L is scanned along the welding surface, the front cover 2 is welded to the lamp body 1 over the entire length of the welding surface. In this welding, since the spot light L is scanned while being welded, as shown in FIG. 1, the above-described welded portion X has a width dimension Wx corresponding to the spot diameter of the spot light L along the adhesion surface. It becomes an extended linear region.
4A and 4B are a plan view and a longitudinal sectional view for explaining a state when the spot light L is projected onto the surface of the transparent jig 3. FIG. Since the distance from the laser projection device 101 to the welding table 102 is sufficiently large with respect to the thickness dimension of the transparent jig 3 and the front cover 2, the spot light L projected from the laser projection device 101 is incident on the surface of the transparent jig 3. On the other hand, it is assumed that the light is projected from a substantially vertical direction. In addition, since the transparent jig 3 has a shape close to a plane having a uniform thickness dimension except for the recessed area 32, the transparent jig 3 is projected on the surface of the transparent jig 3 and enters the transparent jig 3. Then, the spot light L transmitted through the transparent jig 3 and the front cover 2 is projected onto the welding surface with almost no refraction, and laser welding is performed. At this time, when the spot light L is projected onto the surface of the transparent jig 3 and scanned, the region indicated by the chain line in FIG. 4A is the welded portion X. The scanning direction of the welded portion X The width dimension Wx in the direction perpendicular to the width becomes the width dimension of the welded portion X, and the width dimension Wx is equal to the spot diameter r of the spot light L.
On the other hand, when the spot light L is projected onto the recessed area 32 of the transparent jig 3, the left and right inclined surfaces 32r and 32l of the recessed area 32 are inclined with respect to the plane perpendicular to the incident direction of the spot light L. For example, in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), when the spot light L is scanned from the left side to the right side of the recessed area 32, the refractive index of the transparent jig 3 is larger than the refractive index of air. Since the angle is smaller than the incident angle, the light projected on the left inclined surface 32l of the recessed area 32 is refracted in the left direction and is refracted in the right direction on the right inclined surface 32r. When the spot light L is projected onto the bottom 32b, the spot light is refracted on the curved surface of the bottom 32b, so that the spot diameter of the spot light L is increased in the direction along the inclination, and the major axis thereof is r1 ( r1> r).
That is, since the bottom portion 32b is a concave curved surface, the spot diameter r of the spot light L transmitted through the transparent jig 3 and the front cover 2 is increased in the scanning direction in the same manner as the light refraction at the concave lens. As shown in FIG. 4A, the spot light L projected on the bottom 32b has an oval shape having a long axis r1 which is long in the scanning direction on the welding surfaces 11a and 21a. Therefore, the spot area of the spot light L having an oval shape on the welding surface is increased as compared with the case of a perfect circle. When the spot area is increased in this way, the light energy density is lowered, the fusion on the welding surface becomes insufficient, and the welding quality may be lowered or the welding may be impossible.
In order to verify this, FIG. 5 shows a change in the spot area on the weld surface when the inventor projects the spot light L onto the transparent jig 3 having a different curvature radius R on the surface of the recessed area 32. In other words, it is a diagram showing an experimental result of measuring a change in light energy density. Here, acrylic resin having a light refractive index of about 1.5 is used for the transparent jig 3 and the front cover 2 shown in FIG. 2 (b), the thickness dimension of the transparent jig 3 is 8 mm, and the peripheral portion of the front cover 2. The thickness dimension of 21 is 2 mm. The angle formed by the left and right inclined surfaces 32l and 32r in the recessed area 32 with respect to the horizontal direction is 50 °. Then, spot light having a spot diameter of 3 mm is projected onto the surface of the transparent jig 3 by the laser welding apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 3, and is projected onto the welding surface through the transparent jig 3 and the front cover 2. It is carried out.
In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis is the radius of curvature R of the recessed region 32, and here shows how many times the spot diameter r of the spot light L is. For example, when R = 2r, the radius of curvature R is twice the spot diameter r, and since the spot diameter is 3 mm, the radius of curvature R is 6 mm. As indicated on the upper side of the figure, the vertical axis represents the spot area when the spot light L is projected onto the recessed area with the spot area of the spot diameter r when the spot light L is projected onto the plane as a reference. The reduction rate of the light energy density by increase is shown.
In FIG. 5, the rate of decrease in light energy density when the radius of curvature R is set to 0.5r, 1r, 2r, 3r among a plurality of measured values is displayed as dots. At each point display position, the decrease rate of the light energy density and the specific value of the spot area at that time are shown. According to FIG. 5, it can be seen that a correlation is obtained in which the decrease rate of the light energy density is large when the curvature radius R of the recessed region 32 is small, and the decrease rate of the light energy density is decreased when the curvature radius R is large.
On the other hand, according to the experiments of the present inventors, welding is possible if the reduction rate of the light energy density is about 30 to 40% or less in this type of welding, and welding is not possible when the reduction rate is larger than that. It has been confirmed that this is sufficient. Therefore, in the present invention, the radius of curvature R is set so as to have a reduction rate of 35% or less in order to realize highly reliable welding. From the result of FIG. 5, the decrease rate of the optical energy density is 35% when the radius of curvature R is in the vicinity of 2r. Therefore, if the radius of curvature R is 2r or more, in other words, if the radius of curvature R is twice or more the spot diameter r, the reduction rate of the optical energy density can be reduced to 35% or less, and high quality welding can be achieved. I understand.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the curvature radius R of the surface of the bottom 32b of the recessed area 32 of the transparent jig 3 is formed to be twice the spot diameter r of the spot light L. In other words, as shown in FIG. 4A, since the spot diameter r of the spot light L is substantially equal to the width dimension Wx of the welded portion X, the radius of curvature R of the bottom 32b of the recessed region 32 is It can also be said that it is formed twice the width dimension Wx of the welded part X.
Referring to FIG. 4B, since the radius of curvature R of the surface of the bottom 32b of the recessed region 32 of the transparent jig 3 is formed to be twice or more the spot diameter r of the spot light L, the spot light L is incident. The angle of the surface of the bottom 32b of the recessed area 32 of the transparent jig 3 is smaller than the angle of the inclined surfaces 32l and 32r on both sides thereof with respect to the direction in which the laser light L is projected. As a result, the incident angle when the projected spot light L is projected onto the surface of the bottom 32b is reduced, the angle at which the spot light L is refracted to the left and right is reduced, and the spot diameter (major axis dimension) is r1. Become.
On the other hand, FIGS. 6A and 6B are plan views in the case where the bottom 32b of the recessed region 32 of the transparent jig 3 is formed in a square shape or the curvature radius R is smaller than twice the spot diameter r. It is a figure and a longitudinal cross-sectional view. In this case, referring to FIG. 6B, the surface of the transparent jig 3 on which the spot light L is incident on the bottom 32b is substantially the same angle as the surfaces of the inclined surfaces 32l and 32r on both sides thereof. The spot light L projected on the bottom 32b is refracted in the same manner as the refraction on the left and right inclined surfaces 32l and 32r. Therefore, the spot light L is greatly refracted in both the left and right directions, and the spot diameter (major axis dimension) of the spot light L is r2.
Comparing the spot diameters r1 and r2 of the spot light L in FIGS. 4 and 6, the spot diameter r1 in FIG. 4 in which the inclination of the surface of the bottom 32b of the recessed area 32 of the transparent jig 3 is smaller than the spot diameter r2 in FIG. Obviously it is small. As described above, in the case of the spot diameter r1 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, since the spot area of the spot light L is small and the reduction rate of the light energy density is 35% or less, the welding quality is improved. . On the other hand, in the case of the spot diameter r2 in FIG. 6, the spot area is increased, and the reduction rate of the light energy density is larger than 35% to 40%, so that the welding quality is lowered.
Thus, by setting the curvature radius R of the bottom 32b of the recessed area 32 of the transparent jig 3 to be twice or more the spot diameter r of the laser light L, the spot light L refracted on the surface of the transparent jig 3 is reduced. It is possible to suppress the increase of the spot diameter, that is, the increase of the spot area, suppress the decrease rate of the light energy density, and improve the welding quality. In other words, the light energy density is reduced by setting the curvature radius R of the bottom portion 32b of the recessed region 32 to at least twice the width Wx of the welded portion X closely related to the spot diameter r of the spot light L. The rate can be suppressed and high quality welding can be realized.
In the embodiment, since the transparent jig 3 as the holding means is formed to have a uniform thickness, the curvature radius R of the recessed portion 32 of the transparent jig 3 is equal to the curvature radius on the surface of the recessed area 22 of the front cover 2. Will be equal. That is, in the welding structure of the present invention, when the first member and the second member are welded using the transparent jig 3 having a uniform thickness, the recess of the front cover 2 as the second member is used. What is necessary is just to form the curvature radius R of the surface of the bottom part 22b of the area | region 22 in the case of 2 of the width dimension Wx of the welding part X. FIG. Therefore, the welding quality of the welded portion can be made uniform as compared with the transparent jig 3 having a non-uniform thickness.
Moreover, the transparent jig 3 does not necessarily have a uniform thickness, and the thickness of the recessed region 32 may be increased to some extent so as not to adversely affect the welding. In this case, if the radius of curvature R of the recessed area 32 of the transparent jig 3 is formed to be twice or more the spot diameter r, the radius of curvature R of the recessed area 22 of the front cover 2 is not necessarily 2 of the spot diameter r. It does not have to be more than double. This is because the refraction of the spot light L is performed on the surface of the transparent jig 3, and the refraction on this surface is a factor for determining the spot diameter on the weld surface, that is, the spot area or the reduction rate of the light energy density. is there.
In the embodiment, the welding in the area where the recessed area is two-dimensionally recessed along the opening edge of the lamp body and the peripheral edge of the front cover has been described, but the structure recessed in the three-dimensional direction like a conical recessed shape The present invention can be similarly applied to at least the recessed region of at least the direction in which the laser beam is scanned.
The present invention is a welding structure in which light such as laser light is transmitted through a transparent jig and projected onto a welding surface, and the welding surface is welded, and a recessed region is formed along the scanning direction of light for performing welding. The present invention is not limited to the welding structure of the lamp housing as long as it exists. Moreover, the welding apparatus of this invention is not limited as a welding apparatus at the time of manufacturing the lamp housing of a motor vehicle.
The present invention can be applied to a welding structure for transmitting light such as laser light through a transparent jig and projecting the light onto a welding surface, and welding the welding surface, and a welding apparatus for realizing the welding structure.
1 Lamp body (first member)
2 Front cover (second member)
3 Transparent jig (holding means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Opening edge part 21 Peripheral part 12,22,32 Depression area | region 12b, 22b, 32b Bottom part 11a, 21a Welding surface 100 Laser welding apparatus 101 Laser projection apparatus 102 Welding stage L Laser beam (spot light)
r Spot diameter X Welded portion Wx Width dimension R of welded portion X Curvature radius of dent area (bottom)
A second member having light transmittance is in close contact with the first member, a spot light is projected from the second member side, and a welded structure in which both members are welded at the welded portion on the close surface, A concave region exists on the surface of the second member on which the spot light is projected , and the welded portion is extended in a linear shape having a predetermined width dimension over a predetermined region including the concave region in part. The welding structure is characterized in that the radius of curvature of the recessed region is at least twice the width of the welded portion .
The first member is a lamp body of a lamp, the second member is a translucent cover, and an opening edge of the lamp body and a peripheral edge of the translucent cover are welded to each other. parts and has the recessed area in a part of the peripheral portion is formed, the weld portion according to claim 1, characterized in that it is extended over the length of the peripheral edge and the opening edge portion Welding structure.
Holding means for holding the first member and the light-transmissive second member in close contact with each other, and spot light emitted from a light source is transmitted through the holding means so that the first member is seen from the second member side. A welding apparatus including a light projecting means for projecting onto a surface in close contact with, wherein the radius of curvature of the recessed area formed on the surface of the holding means on which the spot light is incident is twice the spot diameter of the spot light The welding apparatus characterized by the above.
The holding means is configured as a translucent transparent jig that presses the second member against the first member, and the recessed region of the transparent jig is formed in the second member. The welding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the welding radius is the same as that of the recessed area.
JP2013227793A 2013-11-01 2013-11-01 Welding structure and welding apparatus Active JP6254420B2 (en)
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text:
About ALA
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Donate to ALA
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ALA Research Grant Application
Laryngology Curriculum
Neurolaryngology Study Group (NLSG)
Laryngology Fellowship
Bobby Alford, MD
Date of Passing: February 20, 2018
One of our long-time and enduring Fellows, Dr. Bobby R. Alford, passed away on February 20, 2018 after a brief illness. Dr. Alford was inducted as an Active Fellow in 1974 and during the 2017 annual meeting, was elevated to Emeritus status. He was a Distinguished Service Professor at Baylor College of Medicine where he served as department chair from 1967 to 2010. His dedication to the specialty of otolaryngology is evidenced by his accomplishments in patient care, education, and research at the department named in his honor at Baylor College of Medicine. He played a pivotal role in the merging of AAO and ACO as the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery as we know it today. Dr. Alfords' most enduring legacy may be the enrichment of the lives of countless patients he treated over the years and the innumerable students, residents, and fellows he trained during more than 50 years of service. As the consummate physician and surgeon, his true legacy will live on in the lives of those inspired by his dedication and commitment to patients, research, education, and the pursuit of excellence he instilled in the more than 300 residents and faculty who continue to be leaders in otolaryngology and organized medicine
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Complimentary membership to the Luxury Restaurant Club providing privileges, exclusive access and insights to leading restaurants, worth £120.
Members referring a new member who joins will receive a voucher for a complimentary half bottle of Cellar Master Selected Champagne to redeem when dining.


text:
Floyd Mayweather's Trunk Show
Harlem designer Dapper Dan reveals how he helps Mayweather assault fashion sensibilities.
Daniel Day, better known as Harlem's legendary Dapper Dan, has dressed everyone from LL Cool J to Mike Tyson in his flamboyantly designed duds—in addition to scores of gangsters, hustlers, and wannabe ballers. His favorite client? Floyd Mayweather, who typically commissions Day's trunks before every fight. Dan has hand-crafted ring looks for Mayweather that are even louder than "Money" himself — wildly illogical creations that have ranged from mink-trimmed to rainbow-hued python. The results have redefined ringwear as we know it, not to mention making Mayweather sweat a bit more than if he wore sensible trunks made of, say, satin. Maxim talked to Dapper Dan about what Mayweather will wear on Saturday night, the one exotic skin boxing's king doesn't like, and the style contrasts between Mayweather and Tyson.
When did Floyd call you about making his trunks for the Pacquiao fight?
Last Friday. I haven't slept more than four hours since then. That's how he does it, he's working on his own time table. He ordered 14 outfits and he'll choose the one he really feels. All the colors he chooses are vibrant. I'm working with alligator, mink, python — we only had a week and the hardest part was to gather all the exotic skins and materials. I still might slip in some ostrich.
Which trunks do you think he'll pick?
I think he'll pick the black python, white python, and gold python, that's the one I would pick. But only if he has matching the matching shoes. It has a street wear kind of look to it. He'll look like he just stepped out of the jungle kingdom and everybody will be bowing down to him. It has to be something that works in the ring, works in the runway and works on the corners.
Describe Floyd's ring style.
He likes very extravagant-looking material, like skins—reptile, leather, alligator, and exotic fur. Floyd has to have the most expensive trunks, more expensive than anyone. So he comes to me, but I can't say how much they cost.
Is he heavily involved with the design?
Floyd always knows what he wants. He's very meticulous and involved. Once he figures it out, he knows exactly what it should look like. We have to go out of town to get the red gator, the yellow gator. Of course, he always calls at the last minute.
How does he fight in such sweltering leathers and animal skins?
I often wonder. I used to do Mike Tyson's clothes and ringwear. Mike always wanted me to come up with a new material, because by the fourth round his trunks were wet, he could feel how heavy they were. Mike was a street brawler, he wasn't into fancy stuff in the ring. He would get in there and do murderous things. He needed to look mean and scary.
Are there any skins that Floyd won't wear?
The weight of the material usually doesn't bother him at all. But the ostrich skins, they were too heavy and he told me that.
And how does he decide which trunks to pick?
It depends on how hyped he is about the battle between him and his opponent. He calls me every time but it's always the last minute — I'll be on pins and needles. One time someone had to drive the outfit out to the fight.
Besides the trunks you've made for him to wear on Saturday night, which were your favorite?
The black and red leather for the first Maidana fight. I had to make sure they were flexible and he was happy with them as he moved. When he moved, they moved. You want the trunks to move with him, not on their own. That's the secret.
Where are you watching the fight ?
You know where I like to watch the fights at? Places where people don't know who I am. I like to tune in on their energy. I was deep out in Jersey for one of Floyd's fights, I was in a Mexican bar and he was fighting a Mexican, everyone was getting excited and then he knocked him out. And everyone got real quiet and ordered a lot of drinks. I like to watch his fights in unexpected places.
NoiseMayweather vs. PacquiaomagazineStyleEntertainment


How do you spark excitement about art history in young children? For this HENI Talk, we filmed leading arts education charity, Magic Lantern, run an inspiring workshop for the pupils in a north London primary school.
We follow Director, Matthew Sanders (or 'Magic Matt', as he is known to his young fans) explore the theme of 'Winter' by looking closely at masterworks such as Hokusai's Great Wave and Brueghel's Hunters in the Snow. Using creative techniques such as role play, storytelling, and Where's Wally?-like puzzles, Matt inspires a thirst for knowledge in the children and shows how learning about paintings from the past can be fun and transformative.


text:
Q: Is there a polytope with face poset given by the lattice of (unordered) partitions? The permutohedron has as it's face poset the lattice of ordered set partitions (I've also seen this called the lattice of set compositions). I'm wondering if there is a polytope with face poset given by the lattice of set partitions https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_a_set.

A: The lattice of partitions of an $n$-element set fails the diamond property (if $n \ge 3$), so according to this Wikipedia definition it is not (even) an abstract polytope.
The diamond property says that if the ranks of two faces $a>b$ differ by 2, then there are exactly 2 faces strictly between $a$ and $b$.
In the partition lattice of $3$ elements ($1, 2, 3$) the diamond property fails between  the rank-$2$ face $a=\{\{1,2,3\}\}$ and the rank-$0$ face $b=\{\{1\},\{2\},\{3\}\}$, since strictly between them there are three faces, the two-block partitions. You can easily generalize this to bigger partition lattices.
As an example of the diamond property in geometric terms, in a three-dimensional polytope: (i) any edge is incident with exactly two faces; (ii) a vertex of a face is incident with exactly two edges of that face.
With $n=2$ the partition lattice has just two elements, $\{\{1\},\{2\}\}$ and $\{\{1,2\}\}$, and in this case you do get a polytope (a single point).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Captain Travis's--now his--uniform coat, and his white pith helmet.
Bradley, keep close to me, and carry this rifle."
over the roughly hewn road, to meet the enemy.
town alone; so they seldom come to close quarters."


At the age of four, I'd begged to go to Grasshopper Green nursery school. Yes, I actually do have memories from when I was four. My parents discussed my petition in the front seat of the car. They weighed the cost against the idea that perhaps, being (at that time) an only child, I perhaps needed more socialization.
I couldn't have articulated my passion for the project, but it wasn't the kids I was interested in — it was simply the name of the school that attracted me. Grasshopper Green. It sounded fun. I doubt if I even knew what a grasshopper was.
So they enrolled me in Grasshopper Green nursery school. Even though I adored the finger painting, in other ways it turned out to be quite a disappointment. For one thing, every day the children went home with a report card, and if they did really "well," their card had a gold star. You can bet I wanted one of those gold stars! (How does a child of four become such a people pleaser already?) But I never understood what the magical combination of things were that I had to do to get one.
I'm sure my parents, who were within a couple of years of becoming hippies, were less than supportive of the gold star method of potty training, and didn't encourage it by explaining to me. It turned out you got stars if you pooped at school and peed in the potty and that sort of thing. "Facist social engineering," I think I remember my mother muttering, although I may have that mixed up with a different, later, school-related comment.
One day beets were served at nursery school. I just couldn't believe how beautiful they were. Oh! MY GOD! The color. I was so excited! Anything that color was going to be excellent, I just knew it!
Well, it wasn't. The beets tasted a LOT like dirt. Very disappointing. But the color! They must be good, and probably I just had it wrong on the taste bud front. They tasted like dirt, but not like very bad dirt! So I ate them all up. None of the other kids would eat the dirt-flavored beets, so at last I was awarded the gold star.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Beets, Food, Food is Medicine, Hippie Kid by TruthTeller. Bookmark the permalink.


Jamie has been in the beauty industry for 33 years. She is an artist when it comes to cutting, coloring and styling; she also specializes in nail and waxing services.
Mackenzie was born into the beauty industry. Her mother Jamie has been her biggest inspiration. She recently graduated from South Hills Beauty Academy and is now working as a licensed nail tech as she goes back to school for comsetology. She's always ready to tackle the next challenge on what her clients bring to her.
Karen is a highly experienced licensed esthetician. She is always thrilled to be able to offer her incredible services and high quality products to her clients. She's always open to educating her clients interested in keeping their skin looking and feeling it's best.
Copyright © 2018 J Me's Salon - All Rights Reserved.


Liz Earle plans to expand its beauty brand in the United States next year with a focus on skin care education.
The British wholesome botanicals-based beauty brand originally broadened its range to the United States in 2008, two years before being purchased by Avon. However, current distribution in the United States remains limited.
Liz Earle's United States ambassador Dana Kline claims that the brand plans to forge a deal with a single retailer with the goal of selling key products like Cleanse & Polish cleanser on counters by July or August. The brand is currently discussing potential deals with specialty and department store retailers.
The skin care company is in the process of setting up an American subsidiary and plans to re-launch its United States Web site next year.
"We have a 24-hour call center on the Isle of Wight and it was getting so many requests for us to be more present in the U.S.," Kline told Women's Wear Daily, adding that Liz Earle launched on Birchbox in October and the products have sold tremendously so far.
"We sold three and half months' worth of products in less than three weeks," Kline added that the brand would be available on the new web site with a further 150,000 samples in January.
Kline also comments that the brand will compete with Clinique and Laura Mercier at the prestige level with the Cleanse & Polish Starter Kit priced at $21.50.
Liz Earle will offer about 18 to 21 stock-keeping units, including the Skin Repair Moisturiser, Instant Boost Skin Tonic and Superskin Concentrate products and the primer Sheer Skin Tint, to a wide range of women, from teenagers exploring basic skin care to older women who need more heavy-duty nourishing and anti-aging products.
Known for products with natural nonirritating ingredients like borage, eucalyptus, sweet almond and avocado oils, beta-carotene, Vitamin E and jojoba beads for exfoliation, Kline claims that the brand's new lifestyle-driven e-commerce site will focus on themes like conscious living and eating better. Customers will be able to dialogue with the service team on this interactive site.
Former beauty editor and mother of five, Liz Earle and her business partner Kim Buckland founded the company in 1995. The brand quickly gained a following in the United Kingdom for the Cleanse & Polish cleanser through mail-order catalogs, QVC, the web site and its United Kingdom based shops and distributors. While Earle is still actively involved with the brand, Buckland is not.
The company sells a bottle of Cleanse & Polish every 22 seconds in the United Kingdom and last May, the brand's latest fragrance Botanical Essence No. 15 won the People's Choice Award for Women at the FiFi UK Fragrance Awards.
Avon acquired Liz Earle back in 2010 and has operated the brand as a freestanding entity ever since. The company introduced color cosmetics in 2011, but Kline commented that these products would not be launched in the United States market.
Industry sources claim that Liz Earle could generate 100 million dollars at retail over the next two years in the United States.
Want to learn more about skin care? Please feel free to schedule a consultation or contact one of our representatives today!


The Village at Bear Trap Dunes boasts serene open spaces, 27 holes of championship golf and a variety of home types to fit any lifestyle, including single family homes, town homes and golf villa condominiums.
With amenities such as an indoor pool, two outdoor pools, a fitness facility, tennis courts, multi-sport courts, an outdoor amphitheater, a clubhouse with restaurant and banquet facilities and a convenient beach shuttle service, Bear Trap Dunes not only offers vacation homes, it offers a resort lifestyle making it the ideal hot-spot for a family vacation, a get-away golf trip with friends or a great year-round home in a fantastic community.
Dreaming Of A New Beach Home Just In Time For Summer? Your Dream Has Come True! This Gorgeous Home Located In The Fabulous Community Of Bear Trap Dunes And Is Awaiting You! Offering An Open Floorplan With Natural Lighting, New Flooring Throughout The 1st Floor, Gourmet Kitchen With Beautiful Cabinets, Granite Countertops, Stainless Appliances, New Furnishings And A Marvelous Sunroom. 1st Floor Master Bedroom Is Completed With A Lovely Upgraded En-suite Along With An Additional 1st Floor Guest Bedroom En-suite. 2nd Floor Delivers 2 Bedrooms With Jack-n-jill Bath And An Added Bonus Of A 4th Bedroom Or Office. The Inviting Sunroom Is Great For Entertaining While Grilling On The Rear Deck. This Perfect Home Is Situated On A Pristine Pond Front Lot Allowing For Relaxing Evenings With Views Of Pond, Summer Skyline And Subtle Summer Sounds. Close Distance To Pools, Tennis, Fitness Center, Beach Shuttles, Golfing And Socializing In Bear Traps Own Restaurant Overlooking The Golf Course.
Spacious 5 Br Home Just 3 Miles To The Beach And Offering 2 Master Suites On The First Floor! This Home Is Perfect For Large Gatherings With An Open Floor Plan Featuring A Beautiful Great Room With Vaulted Ceilings, Gas Fireplace, Hardwood And Tile Flooring, And Opening To A Lovely Screened Porch And Deck That Overlooks A Fully Fenced Back Yard. The Second Floor Has Three Additional Bedrooms And A Shared Bathroom. This Meticulously Maintained Home Is Not Currently A Rental But Would Make An Excellent Investment Property. Located In The Highly Sought After Community Bear Trap Dunes Offering 27 Holes Of Championship Golf, Clubhouse With Dining, Indoor And Out Lap Pools, Tennis, Seasonal Beach Transport To Bethany, And So Much More!
Great Location And Well Maintained! Four Bedroom, 3.5 Bath, End Townhouse On Cul-de-sac Location. Natural Light Streams Through Walls Of Windows, Filling The Main Social Areas And Owners Suite With Golden Light. This Floor Plan Is Perfect-it Features A Front Living Room, An Open Kitchen - Dining - Great Room Combination And A First Floor Owners Suite. Laundry And Garage Access Is Adjacent To The Kitchen. The Second Floor Features Another Suite And Two Additional Bedrooms That Connect With A Jack & Jill Bath. Outdoor Entertaining Spaces Include A Covered Front Porch With Plenty Of Room For Relaxing In The Shade, Or Bask In Sunshine On The Rear Patio. The Patio Features A Propane Grill Hook-up. The Home Is Surrounded By Open Space: Dunes Grasses Sway On The Rear Berm, Good Sized Side Yard For Tossing A Ball And Open Space Park And Playground Across The Street. This Home Is Being Offered By The Original Owners, Lightly Used Only As A Second Home. Landscaping Maintenance, Hd Cable Tv, Internet, Some Insurances Are Included. The Village At Bear Trap Dunes Has An Amenity Package Rarely Found: Village Pavilion With Community Meeting Room, Fitness Rooms, Locker/shower Rooms, Sauna, Whirlpool, Indoor/outdoor/baby Pools, Har-tru Tennis, Multi-sport Court, Basketball. There Is A Second Outdoor Pool On October Glory. Hop-on The Beach Shuttle For A Ride To Downtown Bethany-no Parking Hassle Involved! The Clubhouse Has Restaurant, Banquet Facilities, Pro-shop, Terrace Dining And Cub-house Grill. Twenty Seven Holes Of Championship Golf Accommodates Member And Public Play.
Thinking Of The Perfect Beach Get-a-way? Look No Further Than 45 Tulip Poplar Turn. Even The Name Sounds Like Spring! This Beautifully Furnished, Sun Filled, Pond Front Townhome Is Meticulous In Every Way. Offering A Lovely And Spacious 1st Floor Master En-suite With His And Her Closets, One Of Which Is A Walk-in. The Open Floorplan Is Inviting And Presents A Great Room With Vaulted Ceilings, Built-ins And Charming Atmosphere, Adjoining Sun Filled Dining Area And Delightful Kitchen With Matching Cream Appliances. 2 Additional Guest Bedrooms On The 2nd Floor With Adjoining Jack & Jill Bathroom And Dual Vanities. Finally~the Perfect Screen Porch And Deck Welcomes Family And Friends Home After A Long Day At The Beach Or Golfing To Entertain With A Night Filled With Grilling And Dining, Watching The Sunset And Relaxation! This Beach Home Is On One Of The Most Private Streets In Bear Trap. This Community Has It All, Including A Public 27 Hole Championship Golf Course And Fabulous Restaurant! Come And Play~the Bear Trap Way!
Calling All Golf Enthusiasts! Enjoy This Popular, Upper, End Golf Villa, In The Sought After Bear Trap Community, That Offers 1940 Square Feet Of Open Concept Living. Other Features To Note Are Access To Pool, Tennis, Golf, And Fine Dining Within Steps, Vaulted Ceilings, Rear Sundeck And Screened Porch, Gas Fireplace, Solid Surface Countertops, Maple Cabinetry, and Best Of All An Amazing Golf View Of The 1st Tee And 18th Green. Conveniently Located Right Next To The Golf Clubhouse And Pro Shop, This Golf Villa Has It All And Is Decorated And Maintained Like A Model Home! This Home Also Includes An Established Rental History. Being Sold Fully Furnished. Brand New Hvac System Installed In April 2018!
Nestled Amongst The Trees On An Expansive Park Location With Lovely Water Views - This Well Maintained 3bedroom/3bath Golf Villa Is Move-in Ready. Once Inside You'll See Natural Light Floods This Spacious Open Floor Plan. The Large Great Room Features A Gas Fireplace, Cathedral Ceiling, Recessed Lighting And Water Views From Every Window. The Well Appointed Kitchen Features Ceramic Tile Flooring, White Cabinetry, Full Appliance Package And Extra Storage. The Main Level Features The Owners Suite, A Second Bedroom And A Full Bath. The 2nd Level Features A Spacious Loft Bedroom And 3rd Full Bath. More Water Views Can Be Had From The Screened Porch And Deck Where You Can Relax And Take In The Sights And Sounds Of Nature. Just Out Front Is One Of The Largest Parks In The Community And A Beach Shuttle Stop. Conveniently Located A Short Distance To Pools, Tennis, Sports Court, Fitness Center, 27-hole Championship Golf Course & Restaurant. Hvac Is Only 2 Years Old. Furnished.
2nd Floor End Golf Villa Located In The Premiere Golf Course Community Of Bear Trap Dunes (under 2 Miles To The Beach). This Amazing Condo Is Ready For You And The Summer Of 2019- Sold Furnished, New Granite Counters, Open 3 Bdrm Floorplan With Plenty Of Space To Entertain - Including Large Screened Porch Overlooking Courtyard. Well Maintained And Waiting For You! Great Amenities Including A Beach Shuttle, Pools, Tennis, Golf, Clubhouse, Restaurant And More. Brand New Hvac Just Installed.
Look No Further! Attractively Priced In Sought-after Bear Trap Dunes. Lower Level Golf Villa- First-floor Park Like Setting 3 Bedrooms 2 Baths Overlooking A Pond That Can Be Enjoyed By Sitting By The Fireplace On A Custom Built Window Seat In The Living Room Or On The Spacious Screened Porch And Covered Deck. Beautiful Wood Laminate Flooring Throughout The Main Living Areas And New Carpet In The Bedrooms. The Kitchen Features A Refrigerator, Dishwasher, Stove, Disposal, New Microwave & Ample Upgraded Wood Cabinetry. The Owners Suite Has A Large Walk-in Closet, Custom Painting, Private Bath With Separate Shower & Tub, Double Vanity, Linen Closet And Access To An Outdoor Sitting Area. There Are Two Additional Bedrooms And A Full Hall Bath For Guests. Well Maintained With A New Hvac System And Sold Fully Furnished. Amenities Include Hd Cable & Internet, Beach Shuttle, Heated Indoor, Hot Tub, 2 Heated Outdoor Pools, Fitness Center, Sports Courts, Tennis, 27 Hole Championship Golf Course & Restaurant.
This Furnished 3br 2 Ba Condo Is Nicely Decorated And Ready For You To Move In. Located In Bear Trap, This Condo Has An Open Floor Plan, Great Decor And Many Outdoor Spaces To Enjoy. Inside Your Front Door You Enter A Fire Placed Living Room, Dining Area And Open Kitchen With Breakfast Bar. You Can Enter The Screened Porch Area From The Sliders In The Dining Area And There Is Also An Open Porch On That Side Of The Home. The 3 Br Are Good Sized With A Outdoor Porch Outside The Master Bedroom. The Master Bath Has A Tub As Well As A Separate Shower. All Appliances Are Included Along With A Washer And Dryer. The Condo Is Steps Away From A Community Pool And Beach Shuttle That Will Bring You Right To The Center Of The Action In The Summer. This Rental Is Available April 1, 2019 And Dogs Will Be Considered On A Case By Case Basis (with A Pet Addendum And Separate Pet Deposit.) Text Eileen At 302-542-6028 Or Email At Eileen.orourke@cbmove.com To See This Unit Today. All Tenants Must Fill Out Application ($50) And Are Subject To Credit And Housing Check.
Karla was so understanding, & patient with my repeated questions and helpful with every detail. She's one in a million!


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A collection of short stories from one of the great writers of the beat generation. Brautigan captures the complexity and beauty of life on the West Coast in the 1960's through his wit and unconventional perspective. From the carefree giddiness of teenagers on the beach of Big Sur, to the ambiguity of reconnecting with lost loves, Richard Brautigan captures the heart of the reader with remarkable brevity. I highly recommend this read for anyone who is a fan of Kerouac or the other beat poets.


text:
Home KPOP Complete Information About Yu Hui-yeol (Profile, Facts, Debut, Married Life, and Latest...
Complete Information About Yu Hui-yeol (Profile, Facts, Debut, Married Life, and Latest News)
koreaherald.com
Get to Know The Multi-Talented Yu Hui-Yeol!
Yu Hui-yeol's Full Profile
Facts About Yu Hui-Yeol
Yu Hui-Yeol Debut with Band TOY
Yu Hui-Yeol Founder of Antenna Music
Yu Hui-Yeol Popular with KBS 'Yu Hee-yeol's Sketchbook'
Yu Hui-Yeol's Marriage Life
Yu Hui-Yeol's Discography
Latest News About Yu Hui-Yeol
From a songwriter to radio DJ and host of major Korean TV programs. Learn more about the multi-talent artist, Yu Hui-yeol, a South Korean songwriter, singer, producer and popular radio DJ. In this article, Byeol Korea will explain all about Yu Hui-yeol. So, stay tuned!
Real name: Yu Hui Yeol / 유희열 / 토이
Alternative name: You Hee Yeol / Yu Hee Yeol / Toy
Nationality: South Korea South Korea
Date of birth: April 19, 1972 (48 years old)
Beginning: 1992
Genres / Profession: Radio Host, Composer, K-Pop, Lyricist, TV Presenter
Label / Agency: Antenna Music
Old band: I am Korea (Piano) (2015)
cdn.bitlanders.com
• Yu Hui-yeol graduated from the prestigious Seoul National University's College of Music with a major in composition.
• He won the grand prize at the 4th Yoo Jae Ha Music Contest in 1992.
• He started the project band Toy in 1994
• He also has served as producer for many other K-pop musicians, including Lee Seung Hwan, Yoon Jong Shin, Lee Sore and Lee Moon Se.
• In addition to his musical endeavors, Yu Hui Yeol has hosted the major K-pop live music show "Yu Huiyeol's Sketchbook" since 2009
• He appeared in PSY's "Daddy" Music Video
• He joined the cast of Saturday Night Live Korea in September 2013
mintpaper.com
The band "Toy" started as a duo of Yu Hui-yeol and Yoon Jeong-oh and was named after their two initials "y", as in 'Two + Y = Toy'. However, not long after releasing Toy's debut album, Yoon Jeong-oh left the band to study overseas and Yu Hui-yeol joined the navy for his mandatory military service. Yu Hui-yeol has been the sole member of the Toy since 1996.
After he was discharged from military service, Hui-yeol released Toy's second studio album Yooheeyeol. The title song "Remember I Was Next To You" (Korean: 내가 너의 곁에 잠시 살았다는 걸; Naega Neoui Gyeote Jamshi Sarattaneun Geol), sung by Kim Yeon-woo, and became a big hit and the album was a commercial success.
In 1997, Toy released the third studio album Present. The band also started a record label named Toy Music (currently Antenna Music). After a six-year hiatus from Fermata (2001), the band released their sixth studio album Thank You with the title song "A Passionate Goodbye" (Korean: 뜨거운 안녕; Tteugeoun Annyeong) featuring vocals by E Z Hyoung).
Antenna Music. The label, which was founded with the original name of Toy Music in 1997 by Yu Hui-yeol, attracted the attention of many music lovers in South Korea as an indie label who has a position in the mainstream realm. One proof can be seen in the participation of Yu Hui-yeol as the only judge from the indie music agency in the talent search event 'K-pop Star'.
Yu Hui-yeol first founded the indie record label Toy Music in 1997. In the following decade, the label published several albums by artists including Lucid Fall, Kim Yeon-woo, Dear Cloud, and Yu Hui-yeol himself.
In 2007, the label's name was changed to Antenna Music. The modem electronic band Peppertones signed under Antenna Music in 2008, followed by pianist Jung Jae-hyung following completion of his degree from the Ecole Normale de Musique de Paris, and singer-songwriter Park Sae-byul.
From the latest news, the label has several soloists consists of Lucid Fall, Jung Jae-hyung, Park Sae-byul, Sam Kim, Kwon Jin-ah, Jung Seung-hwan, Lee Jin-ah, and Lee Soo-jung. Yu Hui-yeol is also known as a nice CEO because he tends to have this not-so-serious approachment with his artists. In the company, he created such a warm and family-like working environment. We can see his interactions between his artists on the video above. So funny!
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text:
BREATH & SHADOW
RESOURCE INDEX
"Not Maine Values: Oppose Assisted Suicide in Maine"
This Wednesday, the Maine Legislature will have public hearings on two nearly identical pieces of legislation dealing with physician assisted suicide. LD 347 and LD 1066 are versions of the same bill that Maine voters have consistently said no to as far back as 1995 in the legislature and by a sizable margin when it went to referendum in 2000. Maine voters have been very consistent in their opposition to any "death with dignity" bill, and no bill has made it out of the subcommittee with an "ought to pass" vote. Out of state interests, and their money, as well as Maine legislators focused on their own political agendas or fundraising keep this pathetic excuse for a bill continuously reintroduced, sometimes with different catch phrases, but with the same deadly intent.
Both bills grant immunity to any physician, provider or person involved and no criminal penalties are described ineither bill. I find it rather disturbing that a minor with marijuana in a state where it is legal would face a larger fine than any medical doctor under this law.
And "terminally ill" certainly has an interesting definition in LD 347, one that states that a person qualifies for a terminal prescription if the condition is "an incurable and irreversible disease that will, within reasonable medical judgment, result in death in six months." There is no mention of whether the condition can be controlled by medication, nor any exclusion for an individual whose condition can be
controlled by medication. People who have epilepsy, require heart medication, or even have diabetes could be eligible for assisted suicide under the proposed language in LD 347. The Oregon Death with Dignity Act reports include diabetes as an underlying terminal condition that made patients eligible for a lethal prescription. These laws undermine the basic values of community, inclusion and diversity in our state.
In 2016, the Oregon Public Health Division reports also stated that less than 4% of patients who received a lethal dose of medication were referred for a psychological evaluation, showing that the risks of allowing someone with uncontrolled mental illness or depression are not only potential, but actual in a state where "choice" for "terminally ill" individuals has been law for twenty years.
Our state has one of the best hospice networks in the nation. Maine people have fought to give access to much needed palliative care and therapy, including the use of Medical Cannabis in hospice facilities. The Maine Medical Cannabis program has helped an untold number of thousands of Maine individuals,from children to adults receive locally grown, safely grown and regulated medical marijuana from over two
thousand caregivers or eight dispensaries. Maine has the highest rated medical marijuana program in the country according to Americans for Safe Access, a pro-cannabis national nonprofit.
Interestingly, the people who are pushing for passage of this law point to control and compassion as reasons to support this law, yet the reality is much more complex than that. Under both proposed laws, as soon as the prescription is filled, the law is remarkably silent about the administration of the lethal medication. For anyone who thinks this will be simply taking a few pills and drifting off to sleep, that's not how the process works. According to the Oregon Public Health Division, the two widely used lethal drugs are Secobarbital or Pentobarbital. Pentobarbital is currently used in lethal injection death penalty cases and has become almost impossible to obtain, making Secobarbital the default drug to "die with dignity." When a patient is given a lethal prescription of Secobarbital they are given 90-100 capsules, told to empty the contents of the capsule in a sweet tasting liquid, and then drink the liquid. Given the scarcity of Pentobarbital, the lethal dose of Secobarbital can cost anywhere from 1,500 to 2,300 dollars.
Finally, in the past few weeks Maine residents and people nationally have been scared about health care cuts federally, which could deny people access to health care they need and want. It could also reduce home care for people with disabilities of all ages who are living in the community. Context is important and now is not the time to be discussing this bill. Now is the time we need to tell our legislators to protect Maine values and say no to LD 347 and LD 1066.
Michael Reynolds is a writer and web designer for Ability Maine, a disability rights website funded by Resources Organizing for Social Change, a non-profit based in Maine. Reynolds is a long time disability rights activist and was born with Cerebral Palsy, he lives in Lewiston.
This piece originally appeared in the Sun Journal on April 2, 2017. A work session is scheduled for April 19th at 1:30 pm.
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Q: LDAP Query to List All Groups User is a Member of? Given a username, how would I go about writing an LDAP query that will return all groups that the user is a member of?

A: Are you on .NET 3.5 ??
If so, check out this excellent MSDN article Managing Directory Security Principals in the .NET Framework 3.5 which shows the new feature for user and groups management in .NET 3.5.
In this case, you need a principal context (e.g. your domain):
PrincipalContext domainContext =
   new PrincipalContext(ContextType.Domain, "YourDomain");

and then you can pretty easily find the user:
UserPrincipal user = UserPrincipal.FindByIdentity(principalContext, "username");

and the "UserPrincipal" object has a method called "GetAuthorizationGroups" which returns all groups the user is a member of:
PrincipalSearchResult<Principal> results = user.GetAuthorizationGroups();

// display the names of the groups to which the
// user belongs

foreach (Principal result in results)
{
    Console.WriteLine("name: {0}", result.Name);
}

Pretty easy, huh?
It's a lot more work in .NET before 3.5, or in "straight" LDAP from some other language (PHP, Delphi etc.).
Marc

A: Here is a another way to get the group information:
Make sure you add a reference for System.DirectoryServices.
DirectoryEntry root = new DirectoryEntry("LDAP://OU=YourOrganizationOU,DC=foo,DC=bar");

DirectoryEntry user = GetObjectBySAM("SomeUserName", root);

if (user != null)
{
  foreach (string g in GetMemberOf(user))
  {
    Console.WriteLine(g);
  }
}

The following methods get the user entry and return a list of strings which is the groups the user is a member of.
public List<string> GetMemberOf(DirectoryEntry de)
{
  List<string> memberof = new List<string>();

  foreach (object oMember in de.Properties["memberOf"])
  {
    memberof.Add(oMember.ToString());
  }

  return memberof;
}

public DirectoryEntry GetObjectBySAM(string sam, DirectoryEntry root)
{
  using (DirectorySearcher searcher = new DirectorySearcher(root, string.Format("(sAMAccountName={0})", sam)))
  {
    SearchResult sr = searcher.FindOne();

    if (!(sr == null)) return sr.GetDirectoryEntry();
    else
      return null;
  }
}