text:
Professor Roianne West: on a mission to achieve equity in our health system
By Jane Allman
Friday, 16 October, 2020
Why do vast gaps exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians when it comes to health outcomes? What would you say if someone told you that racism is embedded in Australia's healthcare system, and that the system itself was perpetuating inequities?
In Conversation provides a glimpse into the life of an 'outlier' — an exceptional person going above and beyond to improve outcomes in their field. Professor Roianne West is an inspiration, taking on the immense task of unravelling racism in Australia's complex health system through innovative training and education, and inspiring a generation of healthcare workers to understand the impact of racism on the health outcomes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
In addition to her role as Foundation Professor of First Peoples Health and Foundation Director of the First Peoples Health Unit at Griffith University, Professor West is also an invaluable member of the Lowitja Institute Research Advisory Committee, and her contributions in this role have shaped the direction of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research throughout Australia.
Born and raised Kalkadoon on her grandmother's ancestral lands in North West Queensland and with connections to the Djaku-nde peoples in South West Queensland, Professor West's pioneering work in Aboriginal health research and health workforce reform began 25 years ago as an Aboriginal health worker at an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service.
Awarded the 2020 Lowitja Institute Cranlana Award for her outstanding research leadership, Professor West's ultimate mission is to improve health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people by focusing on boosting the number of Indigenous Australians in the health workforce and finding the right training and educational frameworks that positively impact on retention and completion rates. This process involves rigorous assessment of educational and training models — to find the best way to teach Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and prepare them for the health workforce.
"Cultural safety is essentially a euphemism for racism," Professor West quotes Professor Gregory Phillips.
"The aim of my work is to prevent racism from being perpetuated. I want the next generation of health workers to understand and acknowledge our past and how that has shaped them, their professions, and the health system and policies that we have today. I want them to know how to provide care to First Peoples on an individual, organisational and system level."
Ahpra, through the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Strategy Group, defines cultural safety as determined by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals, families and communities.
According to Ahpra, culturally safe practice is the ongoing critical reflection of health practitioner knowledge, skills, attitudes, practising behaviours and power differentials in delivering safe, accessible and responsive health care free of racism.
"When we talk about clinical safety, cultural safety is a vital component. Clinical safety is not possible without cultural safety," Professor West explained.
Previous policies have seen things done to, rather than with, Indigenous Australians. This stems from the idea that non-Indigenous Australians know what's best and so should be the ones to make the decisions. This idea is at the core of why racism is perpetuated in our systems and institutions.
Professor West's work strives to disrupt the system through innovative training and education, so that the next generation of health workers don't just do what has always been done, but work with individuals and each other to make the system better.
"Our innovative training and education frameworks are designed intentionally to invoke discomfort. We want non-Indigenous health students to feel emotion, because this is what will move them and connect to new learning, and this is what will instigate change. If students don't understand that invasion and colonisation has had an impact, racism will continue to perpetuate."
Professor West explained that the very presence of Indigenous Australians in the health workforce brings often unrecognised Indigenous knowledge. Although this knowledge is difficult to articulate, this is what we need to acknowledge and, where possible, teach to non-Indigenous workers.
Power dynamics play an important role in unravelling systemic racism. Australia's healthcare system is complex, with many hierarchies, but giving agency to Indigenous Australians at an individual, organisational and system level is paramount. Ensuring Indigenous leadership in key decision-making forums is vital to disrupt the existing system and allow Indigenous voices to be heard and valued to make a difference.
Why, for example, was it only in 2019 that we saw an Indigenous Australian placed in charge of the country's Indigenous Affairs portfolio? A non-Indigenous person leading the Indigenous Affairs portfolio is as ridiculous as Tony Abbott being appointed Minister for Women.
As members of communities and societies, we embed cultural concepts unconsciously, and it's not until we begin to question the operations of certain systems and institutions that we can address racism.
To help close the gap in healthcare outcomes, Indigenous voices and choices need to be included when informing health policies so that they become part of the fabric of our health system.
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For fire protection, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to keeping customers safe. Each time we get a project, we start from scratch by designing a program that fits the needs of the client. The projects we take on begin with the opportunity—and from there it's a team effort among Southland's design engineers, project management team and installers.
Our fire protection design team is one of the most diverse and experienced in the industry. Team members are a mix of mechanical and fire protection engineers, current and former field installers, and NICET certified designers. Our organization's diversity is a major strength for the fire protection department. With direct access to mechanical and controls engineers, we can utilize various levels of expertise to innovate and constantly improve our processes.
Southland is commitment to continuing education means our fire protection team is entirely union trained. Additionally, team members are required to have a comprehensive knowledge of the codes and Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) requirements that impact a project.
Because our network of resources spans across the country, we are able to successfully complete large complex, short duration, or accelerated projects. For example, our work on a large government facility: had it not been for the creativity between team members, we may have not been as successful. However, because Southland has such a cohesive team, we were able to design and install a new system that had just been approved by a third party listing agency.
When I joined Southland's Mid-Atlantic Division in 2009 to start up a fire protection department, our first local project was the Washington Headquarters Facility. The design phase of that project took about five months—an allotted time that has drastically decreased as our team has grown. Looking back on our first project to where we are now, I can see how far we have come and it's refreshing to see the changes and solutions we have created together.


text:
› Luxembourg Tax Alert 2017-22
Luxembourg Tax Alert 2017-22
Louis Thomas
KPMG in Luxembourg
On December 5, 2017 the Economic and Financial Affairs Council of the EU (ECOFIN) reached agreement on the EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes: Seventeen countries have been placed on a blacklist, forty-seven countries on a grey list and eight 'hurricane countries' (i.e. countries recently affected by tropical storms) have been given additional time to comply.
The ECOFIN also adopted conclusions on the taxation of profits of the digital economy, with the objective to outline a common EU position in discussions at the international level.
EU lists of non-cooperative tax jurisdictions
In January 2016, the EU Commission presented its Anti-Tax Avoidance Package (see Luxembourg Tax Alert 2016-4). Among the measures proposed was a common approach to third country jurisdictions on tax good governance matters. The aim was to replace the current patchwork of national lists with a single EU listing system which would provide "clear, coherent and objective criteria". The listing process followed a three step approach comprising a pre-assessment of countries, an extensive screening phase and, finally, the listing of non-cooperative jurisdictions.
After pre-assessment of third country jurisdictions (based on factual information and risk indicators such as economic ties, financial activity and stability factors), an extensive screening and dialog process with the identified jurisdictions took place, with the criteria being assessed based on the following:
tax transparency – consisting of three sub-criteria: (1) compliance with international standards on the automatic exchange of information (AEOI or Common Reporting Standard, CRS), (2) rating of "largely compliant" by the OECD Global Forum on Transparency with respect to the exchange of information on request (EOIR), and (3) ratification of the OECD Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters or bilateral agreements with all EU Member States, effectively allowing both AEOI and EOIR. In the future, a fourth criteria will be the global exchange of beneficial ownership information;
fair taxation – the absence of harmful tax regimes and no facilitation of offshore structures aimed at attracting profits which do not reflect real economic activity in the jurisdiction; and
implementation of the BEPS minimum standards measured according to OECD BEPS Inclusive Framework reviews.
As a result of the screening process, the Council placed the following seventeen countries on the EU blacklist of non-cooperative jurisdictions (PDF, 368KB): American Samoa, Bahrain, Barbados, Grenada, Guam, South Korea, Macao, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Namibia, Palau, Panama, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates. The Council recommended that the list be revised at least once a year. Listed jurisdictions are encouraged to make the required changes and to engage in discussions with the Code of Conduct Group that will be monitoring the criteria and commitments made.
Twenty jurisdictions were given the all-clear. Forty-seven jurisdictions were identified as cooperative, subject to successful delivery on their commitments to comply with the EU screening criteria. In this respect, commitments taken by these grey-listed jurisdictions will be monitored and should be implemented by the end of 2018 for most countries, with a possible extension to 2019 for developing countries. Eight countries recently affected by tropical storms – the 'hurricane countries' (including the Bahamas and the British Virgin Islands) will have until February 2018 to comment.
In response to the publication of the blacklist, Member States are expected to apply at least one of the following administrative measures:
stricter monitoring of certain transactions;
increased audit risks for taxpayers benefiting from the disputed regimes; or
increased audit risks for taxpayers using structures or arrangements involving blacklisted jurisdictions.
The Council takes the view that Member States could take certain tax defensive measures in accordance with their national legislation and with EU and international law, such as the non-deductibility of costs, withholding tax provisions, controlled foreign company rules and the limitation of the participation exemption, switch-over rules, reversal of burden of proof, special documentation requirements or mandatory disclosure by tax intermediaries of specific tax schemes.
At an EU level, the EU Commission stated that defensive measures in non-tax areas will be applied, such as limiting access to EU funding or stricter reporting requirements for multinationals that have a presence in blacklisted jurisdictions.
KPMG Luxembourg comment
The EU Commission has expressed its preference for the implementation of stronger defensive measures against the listed jurisdictions. While the Council's conclusions underline the dissuasive effects of the listing, it remains to be seen how the listed jurisdictions will react and whether the Member States will agree to implement sanctions at the EU level.
Conclusions on the taxation of profits in the digital economy
Following the informal ECOFIN meeting in September 2017, the European Commission issued a Communication on a fair and efficient tax system in the European Union for the digital single market (PDF, 481 KB). The Commission proposed both long-term solutions (building on traditional international tax rules) and short-term solutions, such as the introduction of an equalization tax on turnover, a withholding tax on digital transactions or a levy on revenues generated from the provision of digital services or advertising activity.
The Council's (draft) conclusions on "Responding to the challenges of taxation of profits of the digital economy (PDF, 126KB) ", adopted by the ECOFIN during its meeting of December 5, build on those discussions. The conclusions are aimed at defining a common EU approach in view of subsequent discussions at the international level. In this respect, the Council particularly highlights the urgency of agreeing on a policy response at a global level, and stresses the importance of reaching consensus internationally.
In addressing the challenges posed by the digital economy, the Council suggests that the concept of a 'virtual permanent establishment' be explored, based on elements specified by the OECD such as revenue-based, user-based and digital factors. Finally, the Council's conclusions take note of the proposal for an equalization tax favored by certain Member States, considering that such a tax could also be assessed by the European Commission, but would remain outside the scope of bilateral tax treaties concluded by Member States.
Calling for action at the global and possibly EU level, the Council also urged the OECD to find appropriate solutions for upgrading the global network of bilateral treaties, the OECD Model Tax Convention and accompanying commentaries, as well as the various OECD guidelines on transfer pricing. It also invited the European Commission to put forward proposals for early 2018, after having assessed the economic impact of the envisaged responses.
While some Member States strongly advocate the implementation, at the EU level, of an equalization tax targeting digital businesses, it seems that the recent stance taken by the Council will focus on reaching a wider consensus through an update of the international tax framework, including the introduction of the concept of a 'digital presence' in the definition of a permanent establishment.
Any tax advice in this communication is not intended or written by KPMG to be used, and cannot be used, by a client or any other person or entity for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties that may be imposed on any taxpayer or (ii) promoting, marketing, or recommending to another party any matters addressed herein.The information contained herein is of a general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances of any particular individual or entity.
Although we endeavour to provide accurate and timely information, there can be no guarantee that such information is accurate as of the date it is received or that it will continue to be accurate in the future. No one should act on such information without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of the particular situation.
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© 2020 KPMG Luxembourg, Société coopérative, a Luxembourg entity and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Leona Kaspikan wants to make a trade with the Explorers Union: an Eldan relic for research materials used in her alchemical investigations. Collect what she needs in exchange for the relic.
Not every relic acquisition involves ancient death traps, mind-bending puzzles, or horrific beasts trying to eat your face.
The one with the Mossbeak.. you have to search around til your orange bar fills and kill the closest mossbeak. Stand over it's body. I pressed "v", but not sure if you need that. The one with the water.. it's in the pool between the waterfalls. I swam around until the orange bar filled and clicked the orange button that said "Dig" when it popped. I think you can also press "G"


text:
Much Ado about Tariffs: Managing the Impact of Trade Tumult
By Damon V. Pike
Sparked by President Trump's imposition of additional tariffs on imports of steel and aluminum and many products of Chinese origin, U.S. trade policy dominated news headlines for most of 2018. The tariff announcements caught many companies off guard; prior to the proclamation, many believed that the President's tariff threats were just a negotiating tactic that he would never see through.
No trade relationship has been more contentious than that of the U.S. and China. The Trump administration levied additional tariffs and legal action against China, alleging its involvement in business malpractice and industrial espionage, and multiple rounds of retaliatory tariffs between the U.S. and China followed. In total, the U.S. imposed tariffs on over $250 billion worth of imports from China in 2018, under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974. To date, nearly half of all Chinese goods brought into the U.S. have been subject to additional tariffs, many at a rate of 25 percent, and the remaining at a rate of 10 percent. That rate is expected to rise to 25 percent in the very near future, if ongoing bilateral negotiations fail.
Background on U.S. China trade negotiations
In December 2018, China and U.S. agreed to a moratorium on additional tariffs while trade talks resumed, marking March 1, 2019, as a deadline to reach an accord. This included pausing the scheduled tariff increase from 10 to 25 percent on nearly $200 billion of Chinese goods. The negotiations are also set to try to resolve issues outside of tariffs, including U.S. accusations of Chinese corporate malpractice and espionage. Recently, President Trump said he would not meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping before the March deadline and told reporters at the White House Feb. 12 that he might not stick to a March 1 deadline for deciding whether to raise 10 percent tariffs on about $200 billion in China imports to 25 percent. "We have $267 billion that we were very nice about and we're not taxing," he said. "The 10 percent on $200 billion goes up to 25 percent on March 1st. And so far, I've said don't do that. Now, if we're close to a deal where we think we can make a real deal, and it's going to get done, I could see myself letting that slide for a little while. But generally speaking, I'm not inclined to do that." President Trump followed through on February 24 and extended the negotiation deadline beyond March 1, citing "substantial progress" in bilateral talks between the U.S. and China. Amid continued volatility and tariff disruptions, how can companies mitigate the impact of present and future tariffs while positioning their businesses for sustainable, long-term growth?
Regardless of the outcome of the ongoing negotiations, there are several tactics companies can leverage to optimize their approach to tariffs.
Apply for exemptions
Businesses impacted by tariffs on aluminum and steel can apply for tariff exemptions with the U.S. Commerce Department; to date, a little under 50 percent have been approved. However, for the Section 301 China tariffs, the deadline for filing exclusion requests has passed for the products subject to the 25 percent duties. For those subject to the 10 percent duties, no exclusion request process has yet been implemented. On February 15, Congress passed a new spending bill to fund the government that included a Joint Explanatory Statement (JES) calling for the USTR to put an exclusion process in place for the List 3 items now dutiable at 10%—similar to the process the USTR adopted for the List 1 and List 2 items that were dutiable at 25% from the get-go. Neither the USTR or Executive Branch are legally obligated to follow the JES, however.
Scrub those tariff codes
When politicians talk tariffs, they're actually referring to highly specific tariff codes set and standardized by the Harmonized System Committee of the World Customs Organization. Companies need to meticulously review these tariff codes to determine whether they're correctly applying these highly technical descriptions to their products. This is as much an engineering exercise as a legal one—companies need to evaluate the nitty-gritty details of, e.g., product measurements, material composition, and how the product is used to determine its correct tariff classification. If a company discovers it is improperly applying a tariff code to a product, it can change the tariff code and reap immediate, permanent savings. The company may also be entitled to a retroactive refund on duties paid for about the past 20 months. While this can be a tedious process, digging into the details of every single product is one of the most effective ways to minimize your tariff liability.
Lower customs valuations
Companies can also reduce their duty liability through legal steps that lower the value of imported items. The U.S. "First Sale Rule" allows importers to declare the value of imported items at a value equal to the factory invoice price in a multi-tiered import transaction. Since goods can sometimes change hands multiple times between a foreign producer and the importer, the price can significantly increase by the time it's declared to U.S. Customs, so use of this rule can significantly lower an importer's duty burden.
In addition, ways to legally lower declared customs values exist and can be identified through careful consideration of the various cost elements that make up the unit price of an article. This is especially true for related party transactions. My practice pioneered the use of transfer pricing rules to support customs values through multiple Customs HQ rulings over the past 20 years, and encourages companies not to overlook this important aspect of potential duty savings and refunds.
Understand and determine country of origin
The U.S. has many free trade agreements beyond NAFTA that provide reduced or duty-free import of goods from foreign countries. When a good enters the U.S. from another country (except Canada and Mexico), the standard to determine the legal origin of the item is "substantial transformation," which requires that any processing in a country other than that where the components originated results in an article with a different name, character, or use that those of the starting materials. As many companies seek to move production out of China to other countries, they should exercise care to address this important standard, especially because simple assembly alone will never confer origin, i.e., if a product assembled in China is disassembled and sent to another country for "re-assembly," the country of origin is still China.
A wake-up call for deal making
When undergoing a merger or acquisition, companies may neglect to scrub their acquisition's tariff codes, declared values, trade preference claims, etc. Customs and duties are usually not a priority consideration for executives, because most duty rates (aside from the Section 232 and Section 301 tariffs) are extremely low, or even duty-free; hence, they are not considered "material." The current tariff saga with China should be a wake-up call for both buyers and sellers to determine their level of exposure to tariffs and to take a close look at their tariff codes and all other substantive areas that impact duty payments. Tariff classification, customs valuation, and country of origin should be a normal part of due diligence and risk assessment during any M&A transaction, regardless of whether duties are high or low. Tariff exposure may not ultimately be the deciding factor in a deal's execution, but it may impact deal terms (exposure) and long-term business planning by the acquirer. Companies that find an otherwise attractive target that has large exposure due to non-compliance with customs and trade rules may adjust their purchase offer or look for ways to decrease risk through alternative procurement or cost-unbundling strategies.
Whether or not an accord is reached in the near future, the safest route for long-term business planning is to act as if tariffs are here to stay. Tariffs will likely always be on the table under the Trump administration, and no guarantees exist that a future administration will shift course if tariffs yield favorable geopolitical results.
Damon V. Pike is the leader of BDO's Customs & International Trade Services practice. He can be reached at [email protected].
Article February 20, 2019
Stock Repurchase Excise May Pose Tax Risk for Multinational Groups Operating Cash Pools
Under interim IRS guidance on new Section 4501 stock repurchase excise tax, U.S. Subsidiaries of foreign-parented groups could be subjected to the excise tax under a "per se" rule.


Duck Egg Plain Dye Pleated Platform Base Valance Sheet. Box pleat valance (also known as a base valance) goes under your mattress and covers the base of the bed only. The skirt of the valance then drops to the floor.


text:
FDNY sends ambulance bill addressed to "Unknown Asian"
If I had to pay $784 for an ambulance ride, I'd stay unknown too.
Unknown Asian? Is Unknown Asian in the house? The FDNY is looking for you. The Department recently sent a bill demanding payment for an ambulance transport to someone simply addressed as "Unknown Asian." Huh?
FDNY sends ambulance bill to 'Unknown Asian'
The mysterious bill was delivered yesterday to The New School's 2 W. 13th St. building, where there are indeed a handful of Asian staffers -- but they are all Known Asians. In fact, there a lot of Asian students at Parsons. I guess the FDNY was crossing its fingers and hoping it would find its way to the correct Asian?
The $784.40 bill pertains to an emergency last month in which the Unknown Asian was transported from 255 W. 14th St. to Beth Israel Medical Center. Somewhere along the way, somebody made a mistake...
A FDNY source explained how the bill was generated.
When the female patient was transported at about 3 a.m. on Nov. 1 for a "drug or intoxication" issue, she could not be identified by name but a person accompanying them said the patient lived in a New School dorm so the EMS workers filled out the form with "unknown" for the first name and "Asian" for the last name, the source said.
The form was processed and sent to a fire department billing contractor, which then sent out the oddly-addressed bill.
"It's a clerical or administration error that the bill was sent out," the source said.
Sounds like someone has to answer for some sloppy paperwork. I don't know if you guys realize this, but there are actually a lot of "Unknown Asian" people in New York City. I don't think this bill is getting paid.
But yo, if I was being asked to pay $784 for an ambulance ride, I'd stay unknown too.
More here: Whoops: Ambulance Bill Sent To "Unknown Asian"


text:
COLUMBUS, Ohio– Despite splitting wins with No. 14 Nebraska, the sixth-ranked Ohio State wrestling team was edged by the Huskers (10-0; 1-0 Big Ten), 18-16, Friday night at NU Coliseum in Lincoln. The Buckeyes (7-1; 1-1 Big Ten) will look to answer their first loss of the season with a win at No. 3 Minnesota at 2 p.m. ET Sunday at the Sports Pavilion in Minneapolis (Click HERE for Gopher All Access to view the match).
Johnni Dijulius, Logan Stieber, Cam Tessari, Nick Heflin and Andrew Campolattano earned wins for the Scarlet and Gray, but bonus points scored by Nebraska proved to be the difference maker. Of the five wins by the Huskers, three were major decisions, while the Buckeyes posted four decisions and one major decision.
Ohio State trailed early in the match, 3-0, after No. 17 and redshirt sophomore Peter Capone (Johnson City. N.Y./11-6; 1-1 Big Ten) suffered a 4-1 setback to ninth-ranked Tucker Lane at heavyweight. However, Dijulius, ranked 15th in the nation at 125 pounds, pushed the Buckeyes into the lead when he recorded an 11-3 major decision over Shawn Nagel. With the win, the Aurora, Ohio, native improves to 13-7 overall and 2-0 in the Big Ten.
Redshirt freshman Stieber, who moved up in the individual InterMat rankings to No. 2 at 133 pounds this week, remained perfect on the season at 17-0. The Monroeville, Ohio, native, downed No. 19 Ridge Kiley, 8-2, to improve his dual record and Big Ten marks to 8-0 and 2-0, respectively.
With the Buckeyes owning a slim 7-3 advantage, No. 6 Hunter Stieber and Nebraska's No. 7 Jake Sueflohn were up next at 141 pounds. In just his third loss of the season (15-3 overall; 1-1 Big Ten), the Buckeye freshman from Monroeville, lost, 10-2, and the Huskers and Buckeyes were tied, 7-7.
A takedown in overtime by the freshman Tessari helped propel Ohio State back into the lead (10-7) following the 149-pound match. Tessari, ranked 16th and also a native of Monroeville, and Brandon Wilbourn scored an escape each during regulation before the dramatic finish by the Buckeye. Tessari improves to 13-5 overall and 1-0 in the conference.
Nebraska would go on to win three of the next four matches, including two by major decisions that lifted them to a 18-13 lead. In the quartet of bouts, redshirt sophomore and the fifth-ranked Heflin handed Tyler Koehn a 6-2 loss at 174 pounds. Two matches later, Campolattano, a freshman from Bound Brook, N.J., beat James Nakashima, 5-3, at 197 pounds in the final bout of the evening. Heflin, a Massillon, Ohio, native, who has amassed 17 wins so far in 2011-12 vs. one loss, is 2-0 in the league, while Caampolattano is 11-6 overall and 1-1 in the Big Ten.
A trio of freshmen in Josh Demas, Derek Garcia and Craig Thomas faced tough competition in Lincoln. Demas faced 10th-ranked James Green at 157 pounds and lost a close 7-4 decision. Up next at 165 pounds, Garcia wrestled No. 3 Robert Kokesh and suffered a 9-1 setback. Thomas, who received the starting nod at 184 pounds, had his hands full vs. No. 7 Josh Ihnen and dropped a 12-0 major decision.
No. 6 Ohio State (7-1; 1-1 Big Ten) 16 at No. 14 Nebraska (10-0; 1-0 Big Ten) 18
8 p.m. ET
Friday Jan. 6, 2012
NU Coliseum
HWT – No. 9 Tucker Lane DEC No. 17 Peter Capone, 4-1
125 – No. 15 Johnni Dijulius MAJ DEC Shawn Nagel, 11-3
133 – No. 2 Logan Stieber DEC No. 19 Ridge Kiley, 8-2
141 – No. 7 Jake Sueflohn MAJ DEC No. 6 Hunter Stieber, 10-2
149 – No. 16 Cam Tessari DEC Brandon Wilbourn, 3-1ot
157 – No. 10 James Green DEC Josh Demas, 7-4
165 – No. 3 Robert Kokesh MAJ DEC Derek Garcia, 9-1
174 – No. 5 Nick Heflin DEC Tyler Koehn, 6-2
184 – No. 7 Josh Ihnen MAJ DEC Craig Thomas, 12-0
197 – Andrew Campolattano DEC James Nakashima, 5-3
No. 7 Ohio State Drops Match to No. 3 Michigan, 29-8


But Australians do not only sell, they buy, too. London-based consultant Olivier Varene bought a very large charcoal painting by Alain Huck reputedly on behalf of Tasmanian art collector David Walsh. Henri-Pierre Jaccaud who exclusively represents the Swiss artist, considers it a masterpiece and works by Huck are hard to come by, selling very quickly. 'The Banquet' was bought for Euro 50,000 and is likely to go to Walsh's Museum of the Old and New opening in 2011.
Australian land is also on sale at Basel, well, at least a model it: 'Wrapped Coast, Project for Australia' from 1969 by Christo. The Botany Bay coastline is available at Italian gallery Tega for Euro 500,000 – and probably good value for Sydney real estate. The two accompanying mixed media works sell for Euro 170,000 each, and a bulk buy would surely get you a better deal.
The first official day was packed, and the general mood was buyoant, with many exhibitors and collectors emphasising the quality of works on show. Certainly the 56 big scale works in the 'Art Unlimited' section brought the smiles and playfulness out in every visitor.


text:
Q: Console application launch .exe as current user I am using trance32, and want to launch this process through Jenkins.
When I am launching T32mppc.exe, it is running as system process because of which it is running in background.
I want to launch this process with current user to see it on foreground without inserting username and password.
My system is having only 2 kind of process. System and User. No other users are there.
Attaching my code:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.IO;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;

using System.Configuration;

namespace Console_Startapps
{
    class Program
    {

    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("User32.dll")]
    private static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr handle);

    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("User32.dll")]
    private static extern bool ShowWindow(IntPtr handle, int nCmdShow);

    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("User32.dll")]
    private static extern bool IsIconic(IntPtr handle);

    [DllImport("User32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    static extern void SwitchToThisWindow(IntPtr hWnd, bool fAltTab);

    [DllImport("TRACE32\t32api64.dll")]
    public static extern int T32_ResetCPU();

    private void startT32app()
    {
        IntPtr handle;
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine("T32 launching");

            string path = @"C:\T32\bin\windows64\t32mppc.exe";
            string args = @"C:\T32\config.t32";
            ProcessStartInfo procInfo = new ProcessStartInfo(path, args);
            procInfo.CreateNoWindow = false;
            procInfo.UseShellExecute = true;
            procInfo.WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Normal;

            Process[] targetProcess = Process.GetProcessesByName("t32mppc.exe");
            //if (targetProcess.Length > 1)
            if (this.IsProcessOpen("t32mppc") == 1)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("TC32 already running");
            }
            else
            {
                Process procRun = Process.Start(procInfo);
                handle = procRun.MainWindowHandle;
                SwitchToThisWindow(handle, true);
            }

            //SetForegroundWindow(handle);
        }
        catch
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Failed to launch T32");
        }
    }

    private int IsProcessOpen(string name)
    {
        foreach (Process clsProcess in Process.GetProcesses())
        {
            if (clsProcess.ProcessName.ToLower().Contains(name.ToLower()))
            {
                return 1;
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {

        Program Beginapps = new Program();
        Beginapps.startT32app();

    }
}

}

A: Have you tried to impersonate another user?
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/w070t6ka(v=vs.110).aspx
Basically, you can run another process with a given credential
How do you do Impersonation in .NET?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This project consisted of building a third lane in both directions of the A-30 highway section between Murcia and Puerto de la Cadena. Located between the urban connection to the Alcantarilla Highway and the San Javier Highway junction. The project also included the redesign of the intersection at San Javier.


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Administration Office - (325) 305-0911
Transfer Coordinator / Supervisor - (325) 305-2911
COVID-19 Training
Taylor County EMS is a non-profit community based ambulance service that provides 9-1-1 emergency medical services for rural Taylor County. Taylor County EMS is owned and operated by it's members and is governed by an elected board of directors. We are members of and active participants in the Big Country Regional Advisory Council for regional trauma care improvement and the Texas Emergency Medical Task Force - Region 2.
Many of the medics who serve at Taylor County EMS are also members of the local volunteer fire departments who provide first responder services for us on EMS calls. This service also provides uncompensated mutual aid to other communities that request our service that lay outside our defined 9-1-1 response area. Our service responds to all 9-1-1 EMS calls in the areas of Potosi, Tuscola, Buffalo Gap, Lawn, Ovalo, Moro, View, ECCA, and Tye. We also provide stand-by EMS services for Jim Ned CISD, Wylie ISD, Merkel ISD, Trent ISD, Hawley ISD,
Texas Leadership Charter Academy, & McMurry University football games, the Tour de Gap, ACU's Red Dirt Challenge, Texana Ranch, and events held at the Taylor County Expo Center.
The history of Taylor County EMS dates back to 1990 when a core of volunteers saw the need to improve pre-hospital care in the rural area of south Taylor County and the organization South Taylor Emergency Medical Services (STEMS) was born. Many individuals that were acutely sick or injured had to rely on personal vehicles or wait on Abilene's ambulance service to get them to the ER. Since that time STEMS has developed from a basic level of service and now offers up to Mobile Intensive Care Unit support. The first STEMS volunteers began with an old used ambulance to cover the entire response area.
In 2011, STEMS took primary response duties for the rest of Taylor County outside the city limits of Abilene. In 2016, we filed an assumed name certificate and re-branded ourselves as "Taylor County EMS" to encompass the total area we serve. Today, we have six licensed ambulances and cover a response area of approximately 800 square miles in Taylor County. Each ambulance is response ready 24/7 so we can overlap the coverage for each community, maintain continuity of care, and response coverage.
Our central station is located at 1458 County Road 314 in the community of Caps with unmanned satellite stations in Tuscola and Buffalo Gap.
© 2020 Taylor County EMS


text:
Cień figury – pojęcie używane w heraldyce w celu opisania figury pospolitej lub heraldycznej nie posiadającej własnej barwy ale przedstawionej w postaci konturów oraz linii pomocniczych służących do podkreślenia jej kształtu.
Inne określenia to: figura barwy (własnego) cienia, barwy tła, przeźroczysta lub bezbarwna.

Zobacz też
 damaskinaż (heraldyka)
 szrafowanie
 tynktura (heraldyka)
 futro (heraldyka)
 Herb austriackiej gminy Hohenthurn

Linki zewnętrzne
 Herb belgijskiego miasta Trazegnies

Heraldyka

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Andrew Klavan is a commentator on PJ Media (pjmedia.com), who from time to time does short YouTube videos explaining complex subjects with as much humor as they can bear. His latest is a 2-minute lecture on the BDS movement (Boycott, Divest, Sanction) to destroy Israel, a movement which continues to spread on the left – including, most disturbingly, such "mainstream" "Christian" churches as the Presbyterians.
Every critic of Israel's actions towards the Palestinians must (apparently) be reminded of several basic facts.
First, a historical fact: Israel did not start the war. In 1947, the United Nations voted to partition Palestine between Israelis and Arabs. Israel accepted the Partition Plan and announced its intention to live within its borders, in peace with its Arab neighbors. Those same Arab neighbors rejected the plan, declared war, and vowed to wipe Israel off the map and sweep the Jews into the sea. The borders have changed with every Arab failed attempt to accomplish this, but the aims of both parties have remained the same.
Second, another historical fact: Israel has voluntarily withdrawn from territory occupied by its armies, sometimes unilaterally, several times in the past (Lebanon in 2000, Gaza in 2005). In almost every case, the territory has then been used as a base for attacks on Israel, resulting in the murder of Jewish civilians.
If Israel's critics wish to be taken seriously, they need to admit these facts and explain how these problems can be addressed by Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories. If not, they stand exposed as anti-Semites demanding that Israel commit national suicide.
But his piece in the upcoming issue of Weekly Standard, entitled "The West Fights Back", is a cogent and powerful reminder of something that is all too forgotten in America today: Israel and the US are both hated and attacked by the same people and for the same reasons.
And it underlies the thinking of today's administration "realists", who think a little "daylight" between the US and Israel will somehow improve things in the world.
Kristol quickly and brilliantly lances the boil of this thinking. The anti-Israel front doesn't hate us because we support Israel; they hate us because we are LIKE Israel: democratic, respecting free speech and religious freedom, willing to live in peace with our neighbors, modern, and economically successful. Everything the Arabs and Iranians and their allies are not.
Anyway, I suggest you read Kristol's column here. And let me know what you think: click the "Comments" button up top.
Can You Love Freedom and Hate Israel?
I was discussing philosophy recently with my friend Ben Finiti. The queston arose of whether it is repressive "political correctness" to consider a person's extreme prejudices (in this case, anti-semitism) when evaluating their position on a philosophical question.
Our initial reaction was that, if at all possible, the philosophical question should be considered separately.
This got me thinking about a question I often ask myself: how can someone who does A also do B? Specifically on the question of Israel and Zionism.
How can one preach democracy and hate the most democratic state ever to exist in the region?
How can one value freedom and yet hate the freest, arguably the only free state in the region?
How can one espouse peace and yet hate the only state in the region willing to establish peace with all its neighbors?
And finally, the most perplexing of all: How can one love God and hate Israel?
I know, I know. Anti-Zionism and opposition to Israel is not the same as anti-semitism. Supposedly, not every anti-Zionist advocate of return to the indefensible pre-1967 borders hates Jews. Not every pious critic who screams "Apartheid" and "Imperialism" at Israel's every measure of self-defense is an anti-Semite. Not every college professor demanding disinvestment from all Israeli companies would be happy to see Hamas achieve its bloodthirsty dreams. Not every anti-Zionist wants to see Israel swept off the map, or even the more moderate proposal of allowing Hamas missiles to be positioned 11 miles from Tel Aviv.
Are you familiar with the Pajamas Media website? If not, you should take a look. Their coverage of a wide range of issues is often provocative but (and?) always interesting and fact-based.


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The myth of the given and externalism
According to Wilfrid Sellars any talk of a given out there should be condemned as a mere myth. Therefore, nothing from the physical world outside can limit our language - the "space of reason", and any concept gets its meaning by virtue of inferential relationships to other concepts only.
Externalism in the philosophy of language, on the other hand, holds that meaning must depend on things that are external to us.
To my understanding, both notions (the myth of the given and externalism) are widely accepted, yet, they seem to me to be contradicting: If no limitations from the outside are possible in order to fix meaning how can meaning be depended on the external world?
Am I making a mistake talking about these two approaches as belonging to the same philosophical area? Is it possible that they actually attempt to discuss about two different notions?
philosophy-of-language meaning hilary-putnam
virmaior
Amit HaginAmit Hagin
I fixed a few grammar errors (or what I took to be grammar errors). This is an interesting question, but can you clarify how you are interpreting Sellars -- the way you describe it transforms what I take to be a Kantian/Hegelian (or McDowellian to state it backwards) point into a structuralist one. – virmaior Dec 13 '18 at 2:08
@virmaior, thanks for the corrections, English is not my native language.. I'm not familiar enough with the distinction you made. can you please elaborate? My understanding of Sellars is quite similar to the account given shortly in the answer by gonzo and my comment to this answer. – Amit Hagin Dec 13 '18 at 10:59
@conifold: I'd pay money for you to weigh in on this question. To some extent, the answers are saying very similar things. Each focusing on "dissolving," rather than solving the putative contradiction, and reminding us of how complex terms/concepts that were quaintly [relatively] straightforward in mid 20th century have become almost irremediably complex. Harkening back to an earlier question, how would an AGI address the issue? – gonzo Dec 14 '18 at 22:44
Simply put, "externalism" informs one that something is "[out] there," in the world. That something constrains, manifests friction. Sellar's myth of the given, on the other hand, suggests that perceptions, "facts," are "theory laden," that is, that what is perceived to be there, how the nerve ending irritation/friction/constraint in the perceiver's mind is to be characterized, described, is informed by the prevailing theory, narrative, language or conceptual framework in existence (ie in the world, external) at the time of the impression/perception. In short: Externalism informs you that something is there, the myth of the given cautions you to be skeptical/thoughtful/cautious about what that "thing" (nerve ending irritation, for instance) is, or is to be described or characterized. Where's the contradiction?
gonzogonzo
Externalism, I think, says not only that there is something out there, but that the meaning of a concept is fixed also by relations to external factors. According to Sellars, any external data (nerve ending irritation, for example) can be interpreted in any possible way, depending on the language in use. Therefore, only language determines meaning. Language is a social practice. In that sense externalism can still hold (this might actually answer my question). But externalism is more ambitious than this. It claims to find meaning in physical causes as well, not only in linguistic practices. – Amit Hagin Dec 13 '18 at 10:54
@AmitHagin Sellars is a scientific realist that clearly states that science is what ultimately decides about what there is. It is true that he allows for several incommensurable frameworks to be meaningful, it is questionable whether they all in the same sense are able of true propositions about the world. Externalism indeed is incompatible with Sellars, exactly because meaning and truth are semantic categories, not ontological ones. – Philip Klöcking♦ Dec 13 '18 at 16:53
@Amit Hagin both your and Klockings comments are well taken, and I have revised the answer accordingly. In particular, to make more explicit the insight you had in your comment. – gonzo Dec 13 '18 at 18:07
@gonzo, so externalism is true but only by means of the presence of external language. Putnam's twin-earth thought experiment, then, will not hold here, since the external source is material (water, or "xyz") rather than linguistic, and causal factors cannot determine meaning according to Sellars. Is that correct? – Amit Hagin Dec 13 '18 at 18:16
@PhilipKlöcking, your last sentence is still not clear to me. Does Sellars discuss ontological questions rather than semantic ones? If so, Externalism is not incompatible with Sellars but deals with different subjects. Can you elaborate more? – Amit Hagin Dec 13 '18 at 18:19
This answer complements gonzo's answer which I take to be fundamentally correct on its merits.
"externalism" is a term that has many applications, but I'm going to assume you are referring to "externalism about justifications" (SEP). So we can take externalism here to be: One knows something when one ascertains something about the world.
For obvious reasons, the opposite of externalism is internalism, which also has many forms, but is any of a set of views that make it so that one can have knowledge or can have knowledge through some internal process such as reflecting. In other words, the claim knowledge is at least possible without it being from the external world.
Moving to Sellars (SEP), the myth of the given is a claim about how human beings relate to the world. The claim is that when we relate to the world, we never do so as a blank slate and we neither can nor should want to access things-as-they. This claim is generally compatible with both externalism and internalism.
There's two assumptions that are moving in opposite directions that are creating a contradiction for you where (at least on my view of the matter) none need exist.
First, let's look at Sellars. In your formulation, Sellars' view produces the following outcome:
Therefore, nothing from the physical world outside can limit our language - the "space of reason", and any concept gets its meaning by virtue of inferential relationships to other concepts only.
On this reading, Sellars' view is unhinged from the external world and something close the structuralist and post-structuralist coherentism. I can see why one would say this, because Sellars is also a coherentist but being a coherentist does not imply that the system that coheres does not relate the external world. Instead, Sellars lacks an assumption that you and the post-structuralist coherentists share: without access to a layer more fundamental than thought, we don't have any knowledge.
Sellars is a coherentist but he rejects the above claim.
To understand what's going on, we need to look at two epistemologies.
First, the empiricists. They were externalists who think that the truest things are things out there in the world and that knowing is about trying to access the things out there by digging in and reach the datum as it is, and that doing so is truth. We could give them the slogan: "The truth is out there."
Second, we need to look at the epistemology of Kant and Hegel. The basic idea for both is that whenever we encounter the world, we bring tools with us that help us to make sense of the data. On this account, truth isn't out there, and it's impossible for us to access this bedrock layer itself (we don't have epistemic access to the thing-in-itself). So, things are still out there, but truth and facts and objects are not "out there" on this picture. To mix up vocabularies, truth-bearing statements don't exist in the physical world, they exist in human dialogue.
The myth of the given is the argument that the search for a bedrock given out there is fundamentally flawed, because there is no such layer for us. McDowell has a great article that makes this clear.
To return to your question as worded,
Externalism and the myth of the given are compatible -- because externalism has to do with whether truth is about the world, and Sellars' coherentism believes truth is about the world but operates in our understanding rather than in things.
Externalism and post-structuralism are incompatible -- because post-structuralism's coherentism makes it so that truth is no longer about the world.
Empiricism and the myth of the given are incompatible, because empiricism adds to externalism the claim that the truth of the world is to be found in "the given" out there in the world.
virmaiorvirmaior
Truth is about the world but how is it determined by the world? Let me ask a specific question: If the meaning of a proposition is depended only on other propositions, how is it possible the I mean two different thing by saying "this is gold" on earth and on twin-earth (where the "golden" material is actually XYZ). In both cases I have the same inferential web of beliefs, and hence the proposition I express gets its meaning internally, and should have the same meaning on both planets. – Amit Hagin Dec 14 '18 at 13:48
There's several places where I think you're jumping ahead here. (1) determined by the world. Truth is about the world, but truth is a notion used for human beings. It does not obtain in the world itself. – virmaior Dec 14 '18 at 22:39
(2) Twin world experiments are ... thought experiments. Yours primarily shows that we should think the same thing about the same thing and not be deceived by our senses, because's it's critical that XYZ and gold present the same way. How does that negate coherentist approaches? – virmaior Dec 14 '18 at 22:42
(3) When you state that for Sellars, the proposition I express gets its meaning internally, this is not accurate of his view. Propositions get their meaning within the use of human reason about things in the world but as things we think. (this is conflating Sellar's species with post-structuralist coherentism). – virmaior Dec 14 '18 at 22:45
Some brands of externalism do indeed run counter to the Myth of the Given. Some forms of the given do indeed take the form of being about meaning. But even if the myth of the given and externalism are not logically incompatible (according to DeVries/Triplett in their commentary on Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind), Sellars himself does not opt for externalism, nor internalism, but rather a middle way that adopts aspects of both externalism and internalism. It may be that he would have rejected any form of "pure" externalism and argued that there is givenness of some form involved, but we will never know.
Externalism - which kind?
Following Tim Button, I would like to call the brand of externalism you are aiming at semantic externalism:
According to semantic externalism, '"meanings" just ain't in the head!' [...] Putnam's advocation of semantic externalism was always distinctly un-metaphysical. Indeed, semantic externalism per se is ultimately neutral with respect to the realism debate, in just the way that the Independence and Correspondence Principles are. Consequently, external realists, internal realists, and everyone in-between can accept semantic externalism. However, when pushed on just how external our semantic externalism should be, we find that we are being asked where precisely to locate ourselves on the spectrum between internal and external realism.
Source: Button, T. (2013). The Limits of Realism. Oxford University Press, p. 181.
This means that semantic externalism per se, even if it involves a natural tendency towards external realism, does not logically entail external realism as an ontological position.
Sellars' concept of meaning in Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (EPM) (and later texts)
Sellars treats semantic externalism under the name of "thermometer view" and "aboutness" in EPM Part VII: The Logic of 'Means' (§§30-31):
Sellars' discussion of the "thermometer view of meaningfulness will have repercussions for his theory of justification as well. On the thermometer view, having a particular meaning is essentially a matter of being correlated with a particular aspect of the environment - just as thermometer indications are about the temperature because they correlate with it under normal conditions. According to the thermometer view, whether there is any inner "understanding" or mental entity associated with an expression is quite irrelevant to the expression's meaning. The expression's meaning is determined solely by facts about what features of the environment its utterance is reliably correlated with.
Indeed, its meaning is what it is correlated with. For example, an occurance of the verbal expression "It is raining" is simply a sign that rain is present - much like the nonverbal behaviour of picking up an umbrella as one walks toward the door. To say a person understands the meaning of "It is raining" on this account is just to say that the person's utterances of these words can be closely correlated with the actual presence of rain in the person's environment, just as the height of a column of mercury in a thermometer can be closely correlated with the surrounding air temperature.
Source: DeVries, W. A., Sellars, W., & Triplett, T. (2000). Knowledge, Mind, and the Given: Reading Wilfrid Sellars's" Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind," Including the Complete Text of Sellars's Essay. Hackett Publishing, pp.65-66.
This kind of correspondence theory of meaning is criticised by Sellars since it would indeed mean that facts that are external to language and logic, i.e. the Space of Reasons, would somehow be "given" to persons since otherwise, they could not validate truth at all.
There are many conclusive objections to the thermometer view of meaning. For one thing, it offers no way to account for the meanings of, for example, 'or', 'and', 'not', 'griffin', or 'transfinite cardinal number'. For another, since we occasionally misspeak or misidentify things, words are not constantly correlated with their extensions. But Sellars wants to insist that it commits a more fundamental error in misconstructing the logical grammar of means statements by treating them as relational. Sellars's rejection of the thermometer view is consistent with the fact that it is important to the meaning of 'red' that it is often used in response to red things. Nonetheless, according to Sellars, the object-word correlation cannot be constitutive of the word's meaning. (DeVries/Triplett 2000, p. 66)
This does not mean that there cannot be any semantic externalism that has to rely on the given, but Sellars does not endorse externalism, but a middle way, since all his argument is about that neither (epistemological/justificational nor semantical) internalism, nor externalism, are viable positions:
A thermometer treatment of meaning leaves the door open for an externalist approach to meaning, for there need be no internal or subjective appreciation of the natural facts underlying possession of a semantic property in order for that semantic property indeed to characterize some mental state or event, a point that Sellars himself sympathizes with. And this point, in turn, leaves the door open for an externalist account of justification, for one could then also say that noninferential cognitive states might get justification simply by being lawfully correlated with the facts they are about. But, as we will see in our discussion of Part VIII, despite Sellars's sympathies with aspects of the thermometer view, he does not adopt an externalist position - or rather, he adopts a position in which externalist and internalist elements are clearly both required.
This view of meaning, Sellars believes, makes a coherent version of psychological nominalism possible. It is a version incompatible with many basic tenets of classical empiricism, for according to Sellars's psychological nominalism, to understand the meaning of a word - to have a concept at all - one must command a large chunk of a language system. Thus, concepts cannot be acquired by abstraction from occurent examples, and one cannot know what redness is simply in virtue of having sensed something red. (Ibid)
This is what Tim Buttons under use of Putnam's arguments - without being able to make the link to Sellars's position - seems to have in mind after having rejected both externalism and internalism as logically incoherent positions:
In this book, I have done my best to obliterate faith in external realism. But I have set up no new faith in its place. I have not painted a picture which rivals that of reasoning from a God's Eye point of view. I have found no salvation in any particular philosophy of perception. I have offered no comforting conceptual connection between truth and justification. I have provided no metaphor that explains the relationship of minds, words, and world. I have merely rejected external realism, on the grounds that it is ultimately incoherent.
But I have also rejected internal realism. Although all nightmarish Cartesian sceptical scenarios can be defeated with biv-style arguments [biv = brain-in-a-vat], some less global Cartesian sceptical scenarios remain standing. And since there is no sharp point at which we can say that a sceptic is invoking magic in defence of her sceptical scenarios, I cannot say precisely where I sit between external realism and internal realism. (Button 2013, 221)
Keep your externalisms straight
As other answers note, there are many kinds of externalism. Sellars discusses justificational and semantic externalism as incoherent, both of which are about language and how its truth/meaning relates to external objects. External realism, on the other hand, is a specifically ontological position, i.e. it is mind-independent entities that ultimately exist.
External realism, even if - as we have noted - not necessarily entailed in semantic externalism, makes some sense when coming together with it: If meaning is constituted through correspondence with objects independent from our mind, it is quite natural to assume that these objects are what we commonly call "world" and that the world actually exists - otherwise, the very concept of being meaningful seems to have a hollow feel to it.
This is a line of thought Sellars is sympathetic with: Even if Sellars rejects semantic externalisms of his time (we cannot judge later frameworks), he clearly is an external realist, more specifically a scientific realist:
[I]n the dimension of describing and explaining the world, science is the measure of all things, of what is that it is, and of what is not that it is not. (EPM, §42)
Philip Klöcking♦Philip Klöcking
After reviewing our discussion, reading Virmaior's answer, I was inspired provide a further answer to clarify its strengh:
The problem is that, as Virmaior notes, the Internalism/Externalism distinction has multiple applications -- for instance, moral philosophy, epistemology/epistemic justification [is what I believe reliably justified], and philosophy of mind/mental states [what is the content of a mental state, belief, which is often considered to be the "meaning" of that belief/mental state.
While your question purports to be focused on the "philosophy of language," I take it to be a mind/mental state question: What is the content of what I have in mind [in the form of the intentional mental state belief], or, to use a much deservedly maligned term, what do I "mean" when I articulate, say that steel is an alloy. What do I "mean" by such an assertion (Putnam argues for externalism in his twin earth scenario). Externalism tells us that what we really have in mind [what I mean] when I believe that such and such is water is not entirely up to me, it also depends upon external things like the nature/chemical composition of water (and the way we use words).
On the other hand, Virmaior's answer is about the internal external distinction in the realm of epistemology, of epistemic justification. Here, internalism holds that the justification of a person's belief depends entirely upon internal states, such as perception or thought process, other beliefs, that soundly/validly justifies the belief (coherentism), rather than, say, wishful thinking. A justified belief is one for which one has good reasons. If a believer's belief is justified, a believer is aware that it is justified. Whereas epistemological externalism is the view that factors other than internal states (say, other beliefs) of the believer are relevant to whether the belief is justified. For instance, reliablism holds that knowledge turns on whether the belief in question is produced by a reliable process or methodology. The causal theory of knowledge holds that a justified true belief that x is one that is caused by the state of affairs x. An individual may have a belief that is justified despite having no good reasons for adopting it -- in that the condition's necessary for a belief to be justified can be fulfilled even if the believer is unaware of the fact.
While I am insufficiently familiar with Sellarian philosophy to speak authoritively, your query mentions that it follows from Sellar's "myth of the given" that "nothing from the physical world outside can limit our language - the "space of reason", and any concept gets its meaning by virtue of inferential relationships to other concepts only." It seems to me that what follows from Sellar's myth is that only a concept (belief) can serve as epistemic justification of another concept (belief). Which arguably has little to do with what a concept "means," or what is the content of a particular intentional mental state (belief).
The problem you discern can be seen through the lens of the later Wittgenstein's , language games. "Meaning" , or the "content" [of mental states, such as beliefs], belongs in the language game of mental states (philosophy of mind), whereas justification belongs in the game of epistemology/epistemic justification. The notion of semantics got into trouble (giving birth to the later Wittgenstein), precisely by confounding the distinctions between the two. As, presumably, did Sellars.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged philosophy-of-language meaning hilary-putnam or ask your own question.
How does Derrida explain the possibility of meaningful communication and linguistic coordination?
What is the difference between 'meaning' and 'reference' for Putnam?
What is an "unarticulated background"?
What is the difference between propositional sign and proposition in Wittgenstein's Tractatus?
Understanding Sellars' The Myth of the Given rigorously
How do we know that Wyman and McX aren't the same person?
What are the relations between externalism (Kripke, Putnam) and holism (Quine) about meaning?
What's the term/phrase when someone assumes you take on the diametrically opposed view simply because you negate a position?
What is the name of the fallacy when someone conflates a motivation for one of the variables?
Meaning in use and naturalisation of intentionality


Patients living in rural areas are often diagnosed with more advanced cancer and have recently been shown to have higher mortality. Persistent issues with access to screening and treatment, as well as higher rates of behavioral risk factors, may be key contributors to this disparity. Transportation and insurance coverage issues exacerbate barriers to obtaining high-quality cancer care.
ASCO's new Rural Cancer Care Task Force will focus on identifying actionable approaches to tackle these key areas to improve access to high-quality care. The task force, which will begin its work this summer, will be composed of a multidisciplinary group of clinicians and other experts in the area of rural cancer care.
This new task force builds on the society's long-standing work to actively address health disparities to ensure that all individuals with cancer have access to high-quality cancer care. The task force will sit within ASCO's Health Equity Committee, which works to address all types of inequity in cancer care and access. In 2009, ASCO published a statement on disparities in cancer care, which detailed a multi-pronged approach to addressing cancer care disparities.
Since then, ASCO has integrated a focus on cancer equity in the Society's overall mission and activities. In 2011, ASCO issued a policy statement that examined disparities in cancer care and opportunities to reduce them through the Affordable Care Act, such as focusing efforts on community health centers, improving prevention and wellness care, and improving data collection. In 2014, the society released its principles for Medicaid reform, which continues to guide ASCO's advocacy efforts to improve low-income Americans' access to high-quality care, including equitable access to clinical trials. In 2017, ASCO issued a policy statement to offer concrete solutions to reduce disparities in cancer care for sexual and gender minorities and collaborated with Friends of Cancer Research to put forth comprehensive recommendations to broaden eligibility criteria to expand the population of patients who could participate in clinical trials. ASCO expects to publish an update of the 2009 disparities statement later this year.
Dr. Hudis announced the new task force during ASCO's State of Cancer Care in America™ Event: Closing the Rural Cancer Care Gap, which brought together leading physicians, thought leaders, and other rural cancer care experts for a discussion on the challenges facing patients with cancer in rural areas, as well as some of the solutions that are helping to address this gap in cancer care. ASCO is planning to develop a paper summarizing some of the insights from today's panel discussion, along with new research findings related to cancer care in the rural United States. The paper will be submitted for publication as part of ASCO's State of Cancer Care in America series in the Journal of Oncology Practice in late 2019 or early 2020.
A recording of Closing the Rural Cancer Care Gap is available at asco.org/state-of-cancer-care.
To learn more about ASCO's initiatives related to health disparities, please visit asco.org.


text:
John J. Audubon, Pl. 116 American Black or Silver Fox, The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America, Octavo edition, 1849–54, Hand-colored lithograph
$750 this week only (list price $1,200). Offer expires 2-26-2017
Laura Oppenheimer
John J. Audubon, Pl. 116 American Black or Silver Fox, Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America, Bowen edition, 1849–54, hand-colored lithograph
Enjoy special pricing on Plate 116 American Black or Silver Fox, Vulpes fulvus—Desm. (Var. Argentatus.—Rich.), a hand-colored lithograph after John Woodhouse Audubon from the octavo edition of the Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America (1849–54).
Specimens for the Quadrupeds of North America proved quite elusive. After two expeditions, one up the Missouri River pursued by both Audubon and his son John Woodhouse Audubon in 1843, and a solo expedition to Texas by J. W. Audubon in 1845, yielded few specimens, John Woodhouse Audubon was then dispatched to England from April of 1846 until May, 1847 to represent "those Arctic animals, of which accessible specimens exist only in the museums of that quarter of the globe."
It was in London that the subject for this plate was finally figured. John Bachman remarks in the accompanying text for this plate, "It gives us great pleasure to render our thanks to the Hon. Hudson's Bay Company for a superb female Black or Silver-gray Fox which was procured and sent to the Zoological Gardens alive, where J. W. Audubon was then making figures of some of the quadrupeds brought from the Arctic regions of our continent for this work. Having drawn this beautiful animal, which was at that time tendered us, but thinking it should remain in the Zoological Gardens, as we have no such establishment in America, J. W. Audubon declined the gift in favor of the Zoological Society, in whose interesting collection we hope it still exists. When shall we have a Zoological Garden In the United States?"
In perfect condition with beautiful original color. Octavo size, 6.875 x 10.125 inches.
$750 this week only (list price $1,200). Offer expires 2-26-17.
John James Audubon's last major accomplishment was the creation of The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America which was produced in collaboration with his friend, the naturalist, the Reverend John Bachman, who wrote the accompanying text. In the summer of 1843, Audubon embarked with his son, John Woodhouse, on a final drawing expedition up the Missouri River to document and depict the four-legged mammals of North America.
Produced from 1845 to 1848 by the distinguished Philadelphia print maker, John T. Bowen, the set of 150 black-and-white lithographs was completely hand colored. Lithography proved an excellent medium for depicting the tactile realism of the mammals' fur. These prints were published in imperial folio size, measuring 22 by 28 inches. Acclaimed as the definitive nineteenth-century work in the field of American mammalogy, many of the mammals were drawn by John Woodhouse Audubon with backgrounds contributed by Victor Gifford Audubon.
After John James Audubon passed away in 1951, John Bachman completed the letterpress in 1852. In March of that year, Bachman wrote to a friend that Audubon's older son, Victor Gifford Audubon, was canvassing in the South for subscribers to an octavo edition of the Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America. "The Work (Miniature) will be complete in about thirty numbers, furnished monthly at $1.00 per number. The figures were made by the Audubons, and the descriptions and letter-press were printed by myself. ...I will only add that in my department is summed up the result of investigations pursued through a long life, and, I think, the figures have never been equalled in any publication either in Europe or America."
As with the octavo Birds, the octavo edition of the Quadrupeds was a smaller version of the Bowen edition imperial folio, again printed and hand colored by J. T. Bowen in Philadelphia. Employing a new invention, the camera lucida, J. W. Audubon reduced the images in size. These miniatures exhibit a remarkable amount of attention to quality and detail, as well as a meticulous fidelity to the larger works.
America's most revered artist-naturalist, John James Audubon (1785–1851), is renowned for his extraordinary undertaking to record the birds of America. The images he created are icons of 19th-century art. Though fascinated by nature since childhood, studying and drawing from it, it was not until 1819, when Audubon was 34, that he fully embraced the life of an artist-naturalist. Having found his calling, he set out on a mission to create the Birds of America, exploring the American backwoods and wilderness to discover, record, and illustrate its avian life. Unable to find an engraver in the United States who could produce his great work in the size of life, that issue was resolved when he reached the shores of Great Britain. Together with London engraver, Robert Havell, J. J. Audubon and his family created the lavish double-elephant-size folio of The Birds of America, published from 1827–38, thus spectacularly launching his career as an artist-naturalist and publisher of natural history folios depicting North American birds and animals.
References: Francis Hobart Herrick, Audubon the Naturalist, vol. ii, 1917, p. 273, 292–3
For further information or to purchase, please call the gallery at 312-642-5300.
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# American Black or Silver Fox Bowen octavo edition Hand-colored Lithograph John James Audubon Plate 116 Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America
Laura Oppenheimer 17 February, 2017
American Black or Silver Fox Bowen octavo edition Hand-colored Lithograph John James Audubon Plate 116 Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America
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Category: Hotels
Disney Aficionados
Category: Disney Cruise Line
Category: Royal Caribbean International
From the Blogs
Five Things You Missed About Cruising
While you were away, here are five things you missed about cruising last week!
Carnival "evaluating" advertising agencies.
Like the change of the seasons, taxes, and death, you can always count on a cyclical review of advertising agencies by the cruise lines. Royal Caribbean International selected Mullen Lowe as it's new lead agency mid-2015 and Norwegian Cruise Line onboarded two agencies under the Omnicom Group last summer. This time it appears Carnival has started a review, if not of the agencies representing them, than at least how much they are spending and with whom. The news was reported first by AdAge and industry publication and is starting to make the rounds online. On the record Carnival states it is not formally reviewing it's agencies but it is hard to parse the difference between what they announced and doing just that.
Five Things You Missed About Cruising - 9/17/2016
Mobile Terminal Set to Host Carnival Following Renovations.
Having withdrawn from the Mobile market in 2011, Carnival Cruise Lines is due to resume service out of a newly refreshed terminal in November. The city of Mobile refreshed the decor and upgraded the facilities to add check-in desks along the same standard seen at the major ports in Florida.
Thomson Cruises to Acquire Legend of the Seas-
The Vision class ship, Legend of the Seas, will move from Royal Caribbean's fleet to Thomson Cruises in May 2017. Launched in 1990 she is one of six ships of her class which preceded the Voyager of the Seas and current move toward substantially larger vessels throughout the industry. Though smaller by half than Voyager, the Vision class is well regarded. The move of Legend and eventually her sister ships to another fleet is less a mark of quality than simply the growth of Royal Caribbean.
Sometimes You Get the Bear, Sometimes the Bear Gets Stuffed-
Carnival will add Build-A-Bear Workshops starting with the Carnival Dream in summer 2017. If you have kids, simply plan on spending now. If you are a parent, you realize as this author does how inevitable buying something will be.
"Sometimes a daddy has to do what a daddy has to do."
Adventures in Drydocking-
Royal Caribbean's third Voyager class ship, the Adventure of the Seas, will undergo a sixty-one million dollar series of upgrades. A FlowRider surf simulator, water slides and new children's water park are being added. In addition, Izumi, Chops and Boleros will be added to the ship. What is going to prove interesting is where on the ship an additional 100 cabins will be placed. Were one to speculate, the Viking Crown Lounge is likely to be cannibalized, as will the deck space above the bridge. The shame of this is an ongoing compromise of the ship as an environment one can escape within, enjoy the sea, the air, the discrete nooks which one could find a sense of privacy.
Captain Cave Innovation
The Innovation Lab is a new facility noted on Cruise Aficionados previously. It is a state of the art research and design center for Royal Caribbean designed to aid it in keeping pace within an increasingly aggressive industry. Royal Caribbean released this video giving an overview of the structure.
The RCI Fan Blog
Oasis of Dreams Rehearsals - The Royal Caribbean Fan Blog.
When the ocming of Oasis of the Seas was announced to the world, one of the first features highlighted was the Aqua Theater. Situated at the very end of the ship, the seating bowl spills outward from the end of Boardwalk. The Aqua Theater hosts more unique features in one location than most new cruise ships do through their entire design. As the name implies the theater is centered around a large diving pool. Three tiers of diving platforms flank the pool on two sides. A trampoline emerges from the adjacent stage and adds a different dimension to what the show offers. A "fly gallery" allows actors to fly into and out of the area, even emerging from under the water. Under the water are three stage platforms. These rise above the water to allow for the entire stage space to be used or sink quietly for dramatic effect.
In our video here, you see the Aqua Theater from a deck ten stateroom balcony over Boardwalk. The cast is rehearsing a few hours before a show. The video screens were being replaced on this cruise so you might notice they are missing from the right side of the theater house. As a people watcher this view was one of the attractions of the cabin. Love Royal Caribbean?
Join me at our home at Cruise Aficionados and share reviews or post in our forums!
Norwegian Epic Crashes Into Pier.
View the video on Youtube.
The Norwegian Epic suffered a partial loss of power resulting in two stops in the British and U.S. Virgin Islands. That's bad. Worse was the attempt to dock in San Jaun as the ship made its way back to Florida. The wind overcame two tugs and bow thrusters resulting in two mooring points being knocked over as their edges scrapped dents in the Epic's hull. As seen in a growing number of Youtube videos recorded by passengers onboard the Norwegian Epic, Celebrity Edge and pier side the incident surely will be the highlighted sea story passengers on both ships tell for a very long time! There were no injuries and the Epic completed the full seven day cruise save for the missed ports of call. Predictably passengers were posting on social media demanding full refunds for their "ruined" vacations. Norwegian offered 50% refunds for the trouble, which on any other such occasion would be generous at the least. One of the very first things any travel agent tells you or that the fine print of every cruise contract states, ports of call are NOT guaranteed. No ships services were compromised and the cruise was not cut short. I don't know of any examples of full refunds being made in an instance such as this.
Disney Dream Rams Nassau, Island Remains Afloat.
Nobody was hurt. The ship didn't suffer more than cosmetic damage. Grand Bahama island did not sink. However a harbor pilot is going to have a really bad annual review and the Mickey Mouse forever hanging off the back of the Diseny Dream will have some serious work to do following the ship backing into the pier this week. There are limited pictures of the incident but the tireless staff at CruiseAficionados.com have given us this artists image based on first hand accounts.
It appears the ship was driven into the pier by a harbor pilot by the name of captain Kado Oquoné, seen here in this file photo.
The following YouTube video was posted online, however we have not been able to independantly confirm the authenticity. Are we the only ones getting sick of watching video recorded by people with phones who can't be bothered to turn the device sideways, seriously get a clue folks, it isn't cute anymore.
Native Falmouth Vendors Gain Foothold at Port.
Falmouth is a newer port of call in the Caribbean. The cruise port at Falmouth was built as a partnership between the Port Authority of Jamaica and Royal Caribbean International and opened in 2011. It added to Jamaica a custom built port that mirrors the model being seen increasingly across the caribbean. The port includes purpose built piers able to accommodate even the largest cruise ships, with a large, modern, duty-free shopping mall through which all passengers filter. The stores in the mall are rented by many different types of business'. These range from the obligatory Diamonds International to small family owned shops. At the edge of the port is a purpose-built bus terminal used to board passengers onto bus' for their pre-planned excursions. The intent here as elsewhere, is to create a controlled, quality environment in which passengers can make smooth exits to their planned excursions or simply enjoy some hours shopping without chaotic taxi stands and vendors pursuing people.
Like most such newer port terminals, Falmouth features some space within the duty free mall for local merchants. These tend to be limited in space as compared to the larger company and privately owned stores in the ports buildings. These areas tend to be called "artisan villages" or shops and In some cases the merchants are indeed local and sometimes actually the artists who created what is being sold. They are selected merchants and not random to be sure. Since the establishment of the port local vendors from within the town of Falmouth have sought to setup stands just outside of the gates.
According to the local media in Falmouth and Jamaica, the local vendors are going to have access to a new space being built for opening in October 2017. The space is intended to reduce or eliminate the "tarpoline village" outside of the port. Local vendors have mixed feelings on the new stalls. They are happy to have them at all on the one hand but complain they are too small. Local officials have responded by saying the merchants should not expect or intend to stock everything they have but be more selective and focused in what they attempt to sell.
The new local vendor stalls come as Falmouth is reported to be under growing pressure by Royal Caribbean and Carnival to improve conditions across the board at Falmouth. Little specifically has been said, though some media reports have interpreted talk of reduced visitations as being the elimination of the port or to over state dissatisfaction with conditions at Falmouth. However passenger reviews and comments in the last couple of years have indicated the conditions at the excursion bus terminal, nearby road conditions and the quality of shops have faltered in recent years. Given the importance of the port to Jamaica's future and the amount invested into the project by the cruise industry, it is likely improvements will be quick in coming.
Jones Act Waiver for Puerto Rico
With the response to Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico lagging badly behind that seen in the U.S. Virgin Islands, and after growing public calls for action, the U.S. finally waived the Jones Act for a time. This will allow a wider range of ships to transit directly between ports in the U.S. and the Caribbean island territory. The Jones Act is an example of "cabotage law," meaning regulation of trade between domestic ports. Laws like it exist in most countries and the intent originally was to protect fleets of merchant marine ships and personnel from competition from other countries. The fear was that if other countries could push domestic ship building out of business and reduce the number of native sailors. In the event of a war such a weakness could have been disastrous for most countries dependent on trade over water.
The law forces trade (passenger travel or goods and services) traveling from one U.S. port to another must be built in the U.S., crewed by Americans, and owned by Americans. The Passenger Vessel Services Act of 1920 is very similar and applies to passenger vessels specifically. The PVSA however states that no ship failing any of the three mandates in the Jones Act can pick passengers up in one U.S. port, then debark them at a different U.S. port without visiting a second country first. In this case the Jones Act prevents fleets of ships that fail any of the three mandates to travel directly from American ports to Puerto Rico. This had the effect of crippling shipments of needed supplies and materials needed to aid hurricane recover efforts. Within the cruise industry and beyond there is strong sentiment to update and change the Jones Act and the PVSA to reflect modern times. Such would allow for radical growth in cruises that travel entire itineraries of U.S. and Canadian ports, boost tourism in said ports and certainly create new jobs. However the Jones Act and PVSA have staggeringly well funded, determined and organized union and business interests who have successfully defended the laws for nearly a hundred years. Some think the hurricanes might finally lead to some changes but there seems little momentum given the current political climate in the U.S.
Hurricane Irma Comes to Claim Your Soul! (Or just cruise plans.)
Hurricane Irma is picking up speed and power. Per our updated image here, thanks to the National Weather Service's National Hurricane Center, Irma is expected to be near or ashore in the Florida Keys and possibly the greater Miami area. Major cruise lines are already canceling cruises ahead of time and sending ships to alternate ports ahead of time. If you are cruising within the next two weeks you should contact your travel agent or cruise line today.
Hurricane Irma Notes
Hurricane Irma Notes - Thursday P.M.
Hurricane Irma Notes - Saturday
Hurricane Irma Notes - Sunday Sunday Sunday!
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Meth lab and marijuana plants found at home in northwest part of county
Sheldon Gardner
sgardner@staugustine.com
Update -- 3:20 p.m:
Christopher Shayne La Londe, 38, and Jennifer Ellen Nix, 28, were each charged with the manufacture of methamphetamine, possession of methamphetamine, cultivation of cannabis, possession of cannabis and possession of drug paraphernalia, according to a St. Johns County Sheriff's Office report. La Londe was also charged with maintaining a drug dwelling.
Both of them live at the home. They have been booked at the St. Johns County jail and will have a first appearance hearing Thursday morning.
St. Johns County Sheriff's Office deputies busted an active meth lab at a home on Wynfield Circle this morning, according to a Sheriff's Office report.
SWAT team members found several people in the home along with the meth lab, according to the report. Deputies who searched and cleaned up the property also found marijuana plants.
The home is off County Road 13A in the northwest part of the county.
There were multiple "one pot" meth labs in the home, located at 958 Wynfield Circle, and one was actively cooking when the deputies went inside, said Sheriff's Office spokesman Sgt. Chuck Mulligan. Deputies also found several small marijuana plants in the beginning stages of growth.
No one has been arrested, but the investigation is ongoing, Mulligan said. Detectives will be interviewing people who were in the home. Their names have not been released.
Detectives began investigating the home around two weeks ago and were able to get a search warrant, according to the report. Detectives with The Special Investigations Unit and members of the SWAT team served the warrant around 9 a.m.
St.Johns County Fire Rescue officials came to the house to help decontaminate people who were in the home and officials who had to go inside.
Sheriff's Office and Fire Rescue officials were on scene until shortly before 1 p.m.


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James Rowe extends Tranmere Rovers contract
Tranmere Rovers midfielder James Rowe has signed a new one-year contract with the club.
The midfielder joined Rovers last summer after impressing during a trial and has made 23 appearances in his first season at Prenton Park.
"It was a big step for James to join our first team squad from non-league football last summer but he has adapted really well," assistant manager John McMahon told the club's official website.
"He's energetic, has good feet and vision and has a fantastic attitude. He's technically very good and I think he will get better and better the more games he gets.
"It's important the club has enthusiastic, talented young footballers and James is certainly one of those."
Rowe added: "I'm really pleased to be staying at Tranmere. I 've enjoyed my first season here and am desperate for the club to get the result it needs against Bradford and stay in League One."


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Q: Disable Session regeneration in Yii2 I have an Yii2 application which is doing most of the work through an external API, including the authentication and most of the read/update requests.
After the login I store a some encrypted values in the session, and store the encryption-key for them in a cookie.
The problem is, the cookie (or the session?).. expires after 30+ min of inactivity .. but the session is automatically regenerated (user is not prompted to login),
but the retrieving of the values is broken.
The main problem is it is hard to reproduce (it usually happens if you let the page open over night).
I have set both the  remember me and the cookie expire time to 0
but it seems there are more options that need to be addressed.
Here is the function that store / retrieve the data from the session.
public static function storeData($stored_data)
    {
        $security = Yii::$app->getSecurity();
        $key = $security->generateRandomKey();
        $encrypted = $security->encryptByKey($stored_data, $key);

        Yii::$app->getSession()->set('stored_data', $encrypted);
        Yii::$app->response->cookies->add(new Cookie([
            'name' => 'key',
            'value' => $key,
            //'expire' => time() + 60*60*24*30,
        ]));
    }

    private static function getData()
    {
        $security = Yii::$app->getSecurity();
        $encrypted = Yii::$app->getSession()->get('stored_data');
        $key = Yii::$app->request->cookies->get('key');

        $stored_data= $security->decryptByKey($encrypted, $key);

        return $stored_data;
    }

A: Use this cookie generating code instead of your
public static function storeData($stored_data)
{
    $security = Yii::$app->getSecurity();
    $key = $security->generateRandomKey();
    $encrypted = $security->encryptByKey($stored_data, $key);

    Yii::$app->getSession()->set('stored_data', $encrypted);
    $cookie = new CHttpCookie([
        'name' => 'key',
        'value' => $key,
    ]);
    $cookie->expire = time()+60*60*24*180;
    Yii::app()->request->cookies['key'] = $cookie;
    Yii::$app->response->cookies->add(Yii::app()->request->cookies['key']);
}

And inside your config/main.php
return array(
    'components'=>array(
        'request'=>array(
            'enableCookieValidation'=>true,
        ),
    ),
);

Get more details here


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US Navy Explores Sub-Launched Hypersonic Missiles
The Navy is exploring the feasibility of sub-launched hypersonic missiles for conventional prompt global strike program.
By Zachary Keck for The Diplomat
The U.S. Navy is looking into developing a submarine-launched hypersonic missile as part of its conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) program.
According to an Inside Defense article, the Navy's Strategic Systems Programs office is soliciting proposals for "two-year industry trade studies to flesh out technology options and architecture for an intermediate-range conventional prompt global strike weapon."
The report said that the competition was part of the Defense Department's "fiscal year 2014 plan to investigate a launcher, missile and glide body for a weapon with potential game-changing capabilities." Top among these CPGS capabilities is to develop precision-guided ballistic missiles that can reach any point on the globe within an hour's time.
Inside Defense went on to say that the Navy's Strategic Systems Programs office was interested in awarding one or two thirteen-month contracts, each of which would be worth $5 million and be eligible for a one year extension. The statement announcing the competition did caution that: "The industrial effort in this procurement is not intended to be a system-level development of a specific CPGS solution; instead, it is a technical trade study to evaluate technology options and compare the performance and technology cost considerations of these options."
Although pursuing submarine-launched missiles instead of ground-based ones increases the technical challenges involved, the decision is necessary in light of the United States' treaty obligations which ban it and Russia from developing ground-launched intermediate missiles with a range of 500-5,500 km. Recent reports, however, suggest that Russia may have recently violated the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (which also bans conventional missiles), opening up the future possibility of the U.S. developing intermediate-range ground-based missiles as part of its CPGS program.
Some analysts believe there is a nascent hypersonic missile arms race between some of the world's major powers. The Navy's competition announcement comes on the heels of China testing its own hypersonic missile vehicle. As my colleague Ankit reported last month, "The hypersonic missile [test] could be a major milestone for China as it modernizes its military technology for strategic nuclear and conventional military purposes." Ankit, citing Project 2049's Mark Stokes, went on to note that China is believed to be "working on two such hypersonic flight vehicle programs, both intended for long-range strategic use." Additionally, Beijing is also believed to be pursuing an independent hypersonic capability, as opposed to one that takes off from China's intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).
Besides China, Russia and India are also jointly developing a hypersonic missile capability.
Hypersonic missiles are technically defined as those that travel between speeds of Mach 5 and Mach 10 (3,840 miles per hour and 7,680 miles per hour.) They also travel at lower altitudes than existing ballistic missiles, making them impervious to current missile defense technologies.
conventional prompt global strike
hypersonic missile
US to Test Hypersonic Missile in August
The second test of the U.S. Army's Advanced Hypersonic Weapon will commence in August.
Submarines in the South China Sea Conflict
By Tyler Headley
Since 1991, five of seven countries with a claim in the South China Sea have purchased at least one attack submarine.
Quantum Communications and Chinese SSBN Strategy
By Raymond Wang
China's quantum lead may have important implications for its SSBN force.
The Sinpo-C-Class: A New North Korean Ballistic Missile Submarine Is Under Construction
U.S. intelligence has detected a large, new submarine under construction: the Sinpo-C.