text:
Jellyfiction – Chapter 619 – It's Not Too Late to Quit porter rice reading-p3
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However, within the other bedroom, Su Yang handled Cai Yan's process.
w.a.n.g Shuren proceeded to clarify to Cai Yan the whole process of dietary supplement concocting with particulars. When it comes to Senior Zeng, he delivered to warming the cauldron until he became worn out all over again.
"I have to attain the Divine Character Kingdom before I could get started concocting pills?!" Cai Yan exclaimed with a amazed deal with. Just how long would that bring? h.e.l.l, she may not even are able to make it to the Incredible Spirit Kingdom!
"While I cannot provide you suggestions about your alchemy flames I may help you with tablet concocting because no matter what kind of alchemy flames you may have, the basic fundamentals are all the same." w.a.n.g Shuren then believed to her.
"To be able to begin using your Jade Flames, you have to no less than attend the planet earth Heart Realm. In terms of concocting tablets, you may think about that after you've hit the Perfect Nature Kingdom."
"It's good. Because it was an issue that taken place over 150 yrs ago…" Mature Zeng sighed, and after that he viewed the still unconscious Luo Yixiao and continuing, "I haven't accepted another disciple from the time then, but that improved once i attained Yixiao, who had been br.i.m.m.i.n.g with skill in alchemy, which helped me to finally get over my trauma."
"Eh? You really mean they have absolutely nothing related to her skills or cultivation starting point?" w.a.n.g Shuren inquired him by using a shocked look.
"Nicely, it's like this, Master…" Cai Yan proceeded to describe her problem of the inability to use her alchemy fire for more than a couple of seconds before not having enough divine energy.
"I have to contact the Heavenly Heart World before I will begin concocting pills?!" Cai Yan exclaimed by using a amazed confront. The span of time would that consider? h.e.l.l, she may not even have the ability to reach the Perfect Heart Realm!
"I actually have to get to the Incredible Mindset Kingdom before I can get started concocting drugs?!" Cai Yan exclaimed having a amazed encounter. The span of time would that get? h.e.l.l, she may not even be capable of arrive at the Perfect Character Realm!
"If you would like begin to use your Jade Fire, you must a minimum of attend the planet Spirit Kingdom. Concerning concocting products, you may think of that once you've reached the Heavenly Soul Realm."
"What's the challenge? How come you gaze so fatigued?" Su Yang asked them right after viewing their fatigued facial looks.
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Though she was slightly disappointed that they were can not assistance her, there were simply practically nothing they may do currently besides await Su Yang to return.
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Following paying several hours writing the procedure, Su Yang finally sent back to the capsule space, just where w.a.n.g Shuren and Cai Yan were actually involved in some form of dialogue with regards to the cauldron.
"I understand…" Cai Yan nodded.
"Properly, it's of this nature, Master…" Cai Yan proceeded to spell out her scenario of not being able to use her alchemy flames for over a couple of seconds before not having enough faith based vigor.
'Your Jade Fire is placed 98 during the Exceptional Alchemy Flames positioning and they are stronger than normal alchemy flames, even surpa.s.sing lots of exceptional alchemy flames in terms of fierceness, so it's only purely natural they will need much more religious vitality to utilize than other alchemy fire. Cai Yan happens to be limited to the genuine Soul Kingdom, and unless she reaches the planet Nature World she won't be able to use her Jade Fire for longer than a few moments in spite of this flame curbing technique…'
Although she was slightly disheartened that they were can not assistance her, there was simply not a thing they may do at this moment besides wait for Su Yang to return.
"I am hoping you won't be sorry for that selection later," Su Yang said using a teeth behind his mask.
Listening to this, Su Yang responded in a calm tone of voice, "That's only all natural given that you don't possess any fire curbing technique to properly utilize your Jade Flames."
"I'm sorry… I didn't know you needed a really historical past." w.a.n.g Shuren said an instant down the road.
Su Yang shook his brain and claimed, "Jade Fire are naturally fierce and call for far more religious vigor to keep up than even most one of a kind alchemy flames on the market. Without using a right flames taking care of technique, it will be similar to looking to forcibly switch a boulder when there are equipment specifically produced to assist you to transfer the boulder without trouble. Having said that, that could be not to say her farming foundation is not to pin the blame on, as it's also true that she does not have the plenty of cultivation to work with her Jade Fire but."
"Of course, if you need to stop, that's also a solution, as you haven't truly entered into the concept of alchemy still. Also i recognize lots of people who dreamed of being Alchemists but were actually unfortunately brought into this world with one of a kind alchemy fire that might not regulated or qualified due to a deficiency of strategies and techniques, compelling these people to give up on their wish."
"What's the challenge? Why do you appear so fatigued?" Su Yang inquired them soon after viewing their worn out confronts.
However, on the other space, Su Yang handled Cai Yan's process.
w.a.n.g Shuren proceeded to clarify to Cai Yan the entire process of tablet concocting with details. In terms of Senior citizen Zeng, he sent back to heating system the cauldron until he has become drained once more.
"Eh? You imply there are almost nothing related to her natural talent or farming foundation?" w.a.n.g Shuren inquired him having a stunned appear.
"You're finally back again," mentioned w.a.n.g Shuren having a happy appearance on her encounter.
"Perfectly, it's of this nature, Master…" Cai Yan proceeded to spell out her predicament of the inability to use her alchemy fire for more than a matter of moments before running out of psychic energy.
"In order to start using your Jade Flames, you must a minimum of be at the planet Spirit World. When it comes to concocting pills, you can think about once you've reached the Divine Nature Kingdom."
"I am hoping you won't feel sorry about that conclusion down the road," Su Yang stated with a laugh behind his cover up.
Su Yang then lengthy his forearms with a browse as part of his palms, "For anybody who is prepared to go lower this course in spite of the obstacles you can encounter, acknowledge this. Or else, you will shake your mind, and i also will immediately require straight back to you and your family."
"I had to get to the Divine Spirit Realm before I could commence concocting drugs?!" Cai Yan exclaimed which has a amazed face. The length of time would that consider? h.e.l.l, she may not even be capable of attain the Incredible Character Realm!
"If you would like begin to use your Jade Fire, you must at least be at our planet Character Realm. For concocting supplements, you can actually think of that once you've attained the Incredible Heart World."
"It's great. Since it was a thing that took place over 150 a long time ago…" Senior citizen Zeng sighed, after which he looked over the still unconscious Luo Yixiao and persisted, "I haven't acknowledged another disciple since that time then, but that transformed while i attained Yixiao, who was br.i.m.m.i.n.g with expertise in alchemy, which helped me to finally defeat my trauma."
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"Eh? You really mean there are nothing at all regarding her skill or farming bottom?" w.a.n.g Shuren questioned him that has a stunned seem.
Cai Yan then arrived at for the scroll in Su Yang's comprehension, and also a 2nd later, she well-accepted the procedure.
w.a.n.g Shuren nodded and claimed, "In addition, i think we should wait for Become an expert in to return before perform nearly anything we may repent. Heaven realizes what he could caused by me if I accidentally restrict your likely with my lecturing…"
Su Yang shook his top of your head and said, "Jade Flames are naturally fierce and need much more spiritual strength to keep than even most exclusive alchemy flames on the market. Without a good fire handling approach, it will probably be akin to attempting to forcibly switch a boulder when there are tools specifically manufactured to assist you proceed the boulder with no trouble. However, that is certainly not to imply her farming starting point is just not to blame, as it's also correct that she lacks the satisfactory farming to use her Jade Flames nevertheless."


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This is a list of state prisons in Pennsylvania. It does not include federal prisons or county jails located in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

Historical (closed)
 State Correctional Institution – Greensburg, Greensburg, Pennsylvania, Closed in 2013
 Eastern State Penitentiary, Fairmount, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Closed in 1971
 State Correctional Institution – Cresson, Cresson, Pennsylvania, Converted from a psychiatric hospital. Closed in 2013
 State Correctional Institution - Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Closed in 2017.
 State Correctional Institution - Retreat, Hunlock Creek, Pennsylvania, converted from a psychiatric hospital. Opened 1980. Closed June 30, 2020.
 State Correctional Institution - Graterford, Skippack Township, Pennsylvania. Closed 2018.

Young adult offenders male ages 1625

Adult female institutions

Adult male institutions

Minimum security

Medium security

Close security

Maximum security

Supermax security

Pennsylvania
Lists
Prisons

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Filming in Northern England can be a daunting experience with much to plan and organise. At MANCHESTER FIXER we relieve you of the stress and get you the right paperwork in place prior to your shoot. From Manchester Filming Permits to an outstanding relationship with Northern England Film Offices.


Keeping your battery healthy is imperative to the starting condition of your vehicle. Battery failures usually happen without warning. Our centres are fully equipped with electrical battery testers that will print a report on your vehicles battery condition.
We even check the charging & cranking power of the battery; if your vehicle requires a battery we will provide you with a no-obligation quote. This is a while you wait service.


A skill that fires an arrowhead, which senses enemies using the same principle as an Ice Mine. If the arrowhead detects nearby enemies when it pierces your target, it will detonate, splintering its fragments to hit other enemies. Remember to aim at enemies at the center of a crowd. If there are no other enemies around, the arrowhead will not detonate.
Fires a missile at a target, which "detects" and spreads out missile fragments at nearby enemies (if applicable), similar to an Ice Mine.
Does not receive aim speed increase from Ranged Attack.
Movement is restricted based on the weapon equipped.
Having a bow equipped will force the user to walk while the skill is loaded.
This does not apply to crossbows.
Fragments are released one second after the initial hit only if there are other targets within the explosion radius.
Explosion radius is based on the target's location just before the fragments are released.
Fragments will not target Barrier Spikes.
Targets hit by the fragments will not aggro the user.
If the initial target is still alive after detonation, it will be pushed back and take damage equal to:(Initial Target Fragment Damage * # of Enemies Hit) + 100%.
Critical Hit calculation for the initial hit and fragments are seperate.
Crash Shot ignores Protection when calculating critical hit rate.
As a Ranged ability, the effects are shunted by Natural Shield and the missile can be blocked by Charge and dodged by Evasion.
*Initial Target Fragment Damage is the fragment damage inflicted on the targeted enemy per enemy hit by the fragments.
**Crash Shot does not add to Skill Combat Power.
Deliver 100 Unknown Ore Fragments to Dorren.
The Laghodessa requirement refers to all types of Laghodessas.
If you have a party quest for Laghodessas, it will not stack with this quest.
Laghodessas from RP Quests, such as Generation 10's Goddess's Memorial, will also count.
"Use the Crash Shot skill successfully." and "Use Crash Shot to defeat an enemy." do not include the splash effect.
"Defeat at least X enemies at once with Fragments." means to attack a certain number of enemies with fragments, not defeat them.
Sidhe Finnachaid's Form of Gloom and Form of Silence spawn in clumps and will perpetually respawn once a certain number of them have been killed. Can be used for fragment training.
The result of a player using the Halloween Party prefix Title while using Crash Shot.
Using Crash Shot with the Halloween Party Prefix Title equipped causes ghosts to swarm the selected target.


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Tough-as-nails Jake Friend praised despite losing shot at Maroons jersey through injury
Written By James Pavey
@jamespavey_
Getty Images https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/sportal_com_au/62/91/jake-friend_37bcrg1oayr51syuuia7hwo3o.jpg?t=1480970002&w=500&quality=80
Sydney Roosters v St. George-Illawarra Dragons
St. George-Illawarra Dragons
Sydney Roosters
Jake Friend's 2019 season may be in tatters due to injury, but his efforts weren't lost on his teammates.
The Roosters ground out a sixth-straight win this season in an Anzac Day classic on Thursday, with the reigning premiers sealing a 20-10 victory over the Dragons.
Co-captain Friend lined up for the Roosters in his first appearance since his side's round three win over Parramatta, but Thursday could mark his last game for up to four months.
With a quarter of the game remaining at the SCG, Friend tried to stop Dragons fullback Matt Dufty, who was returning a kick. That didn't go to plan for Friend, who immediately went down, his arm loose at his side.
MORE: Jake Friend injury: Roosters veteran suffers ruptured bicep
However, Friend got up and kept going, and even made two tackles on Paul Vaughan and Jeremy Latimore and made a tired charge-down attempt on Corey Norman's kick.
As soon as the Steeden left Norman's boot, Friend trudged off the field and was replaced by Victor Radley, and went up the race.
He emerged with heavy strapping on his arm, and returned to the game with little over six minutes remaining.
Within three minutes, he made amends and forced the error on Dufty with a crunching hit off his busted arm. The loose ball ended up as the match-winning moment for try-scorer Sio Sioa Taukeiaho.
Watch Friend's injury and courageous tackle in the player below.
However, it was confirmed on Friday that, following scans, Friend a had suffered a biceps rupture, and is set for surgery that not only requires a three- to four-month recovery, but robs the 29-year-old of a golden chance at a Maroons debut.
It marks a similar narrative for Queensland coach Kevin Walters, who last year lost Michael Morgan following another bicep drama.
During a Cowboys loss at home to the Warriors in round 15 last season, Morgan threw his arm out at Roger Tuivasa-Sheck in an attempt to stop his opposite number.
Instead, Morgan went down like a bag of spuds, left the field, didn't return and later underwent season-ending surgery.
For the Roosters, again losing Friend will force changes, but fellow co-captain Boyd Cordner couldn't hide his club's respect for his long-time mate.
https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/sportal_com_au/b1/68/jake-friend_6jcy44rcecal16aiex9l7ob1q.jpg?t=1484570002&w=500&quality=80
The pair received the Anzac Day Cup together after full-time, and Friend spoke to the crowd. However, Friend did his best to hide his discomfort, having removed the strapping.
While it would be a personal challenge to line up against Friend in the Origin arena, Blues skipper Cordner described the rake as a "passionate Queenslander".
However, Cordner conceded Friend would be disappointed should injury scupper his Origin hopes - which it now has.
"I know how much that Queensland jersey would mean to him...he's playing the best he has in his career," Cordner told reporters on Friday.
"I just feel for him, obviously with playing some outstanding footy but not being on the park as much as he would like to.
"He's a tough guy, some of the stuff he does on the field, it doesn't get picked up by commentators or spectators.
"Playing with him, you respect that about him. He always works really hard for his teammates and puts the team first.
"He has all the attributes to play State of Origin... we've all been confident in Friendy, and what he can do for us on the footy field."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Диана Мэри Холам (; род. 19 мая 1951, Чикаго, США) — американская конькобежка, чемпионка зимних Олимпийских игр 1972 года на дистанции 1500 м, двукратный серебряный призёр зимних Олимпийских игр.

Биография
Диана Холам родилась в 1951 году в Чикаго. Её тренером был Эд Рудольф, который также занимался с другой олимпийской чемпионкой Энн Хеннинг. В 1966 году она стала самым молодым конькобежцем, когда-либо выступавшим на чемпионате мира. В следующем году на Чемпионате мира по конькобежному спорту в спринтерском многоборье в Инцелле 16-летняя Холам завоевала бронзовую медаль, при этом победив на дистанции 1000 м. На зимних Олимпийских играх 1968 года она завоевала серебряную медаль на дистанции 500 м и бронзовую на дистанции 1000 м. После этого работала официанткой, что заработать денег на занятия спортом. На зимних Олимпийских играх 1972 года она стала чемпионкой на дистанции 1500 м и заняла второе место на дистанции 3000 м. Она стала первой американкой, победивший на дистанции 1500 м.

Холам завершила карьеру в 1973 году в 22-летнем возрасте. В дальнейшем она стала тренером. Она занималась с Эриком Хайденом, который стал пятикратным чемпионом на зимних Олимпийских играх 1980 года, и его сестрой Бет, которая завоевала бронзовую медаль. Среди её учениц была и её дочь , которая также принимала участие в Олимпийских играх. Диана стала первой женщиной, тренировавшей женщин-конькобежек. Она была включена в Национальный зал славы конькобежного спорта.

Примечания

Конькобежцы США
Олимпийские чемпионы по конькобежному спорту
Олимпийские чемпионы от США
Чемпионы зимних Олимпийских игр 1972 года
Серебряные призёры зимних Олимпийских игр 1972 года
Конькобежцы на зимних Олимпийских играх 1972 года
Конькобежцы на зимних Олимпийских играх 1968 года
Бронзовые призёры зимних Олимпийских игр 1968 года
Серебряные призёры зимних Олимпийских игр 1968 года


text:
Environment | Rural/Farming News
Montanans Learn About Healthy Agriculture with Soil Crawls
Communities, Farmers Want Say in Farm Bill Priorities
Push to Rebuild Regional Food Systems as 2023 Farm Bill Takes Shape
Northern Plains Resource Council is holding presentations on soil health at farms and ranches across Montana. (Northern Plains Resource Council)
The 2018-2023 Farm Bill is projected to cost around $428 billion, according to the estimates from the Congressional Budget Office. (Adobe Stock)
Mike Moen, Producer
Nadia Ramlagan, Producer
Montanans get a sense of what soil health is like on farms and ranches across the state with Northern Plains Resource Council's soil crawls.
The presentations highlight innovative agricultural methods designed to increase the sustainability and productivity of agricultural lands.
Bob Quinn, an organic farmer in Big Sandy who specializes is innovative growing techniques in arid climates, is being featured this month, and said the main concern for growers in northern Montana is water.
"Every drop that falls on your land, you want to keep on the land and not have it run off," Quinn explained. "That's what we've been trying to do is learn how to better increase the water absorption and the water-holding capacity of our soils, which goes hand in hand with soil health."
Quinn pointed out healthy soil provides greater yields and more nutritionally-dense foods. The soil crawl, which includes an on-site workshop, is on July 9 and costs $15 to attend.
Quinn noted the region has faced increasingly severe droughts in recent years. A similar event was planned on Quinn's farm last summer but had to be canceled because of the dry conditions.
He emphasized typically, there are intense droughts followed by wet cycles, but they've skipped a few of those rainier seasons recently. Quinn added it makes some of the techniques he is pioneering for arid conditions even more crucial.
"That's really important in these days," Quinn stressed. "Where water shortage is going to just be a looming and a more pressing problem continuously."
Some techniques they will explore at the soil crawl include drought-resistance practices, such as heavy mulch and cover crops grazed down with animals.
Disclosure: Northern Plains Resource Council contributes to our fund for reporting on Climate Change/Air Quality, Energy Policy, and Rural/Farming Issues. If you would like to help support news in the public interest, click here.
Soil Crawl Northern Plains Resource Council 2022
For the second time in nearly a decade, North Dakota is considering changes to a longstanding law that blocks corporate ownership of farms. With lawmakers now hearing debate, both sides of the issue are laying out arguments. Governor Doug Burgum's administration is behind the proposed changes, arguing the state isn't competitive in livestock production. The bill would add ownership exemptions for certain feedlot operations.
Mark Watne, president of the North Dakota Farmers Union, said not only would it deplete the number of independent producers around the state, but also push profits to out-of-state companies. He added there should instead be focus on solutions within North Dakota's state lines.
"What we need to do is build processing plants, we need to find markets, we need to shore up the supply chain where our farmers and ranchers can make a little bit more money - and then we will grow animals in the state," Watne said. It really comes down to economics."
Opponents also contend farmers can build up ownership by forming cooperatives. A key change in the proposal involves removing swine, dairy, poultry and cattle feeding from the definition of a farm or ranch. Opening a window for corporations to partner with farmers can reverse North Dakota's decline in livestock production and complement its other agricultural output, Burgum's staff has contended.
Watne said the approach sought by the governor and other state leaders has had devastating effects in other states, pointing to a major loss of independent farmers in Oklahoma. He said corporate ownership of agricultural land is bad business for smaller producers.
"So, if you've got somebody rooting chickens or hogs today," Watne said, "they're not going to have a really good place to market unless they sign in with these folks and then they're at the mercy of whatever they come up with for contracts."
He and other opponents noted North Dakota voters overwhelmingly overturned similar changes approved in 2015. Other supporters of the bill include the North Dakota Corn Growers Association, which has said the changes would provide more market opportunities for its members for livestock feed. The plan would still maintain strong restrictions on corporate ownership, the group has also argued. The bill's language sets a limit of 160 acres.
Disclosure: North Dakota Farmers Union contributes to our fund for reporting on Rural/Farming. If you would like to help support news in the public interest, click here.
ND Legislature HB 1371 2023
ND Farmer's Union Testimony ND Farmers Union 1/26/2023
Governor Burgum Testimony Governor Doug Burgum 1/27/2023
Testimony of Andrew Mauch, President ND Corn Growers Assn. 1/27/2023
The upcoming reauthorization of the Farm Bill should be developed from community needs, not corporate interests, Advocacy groups in North Carolina said. The final Farm Bill will shape what happens in agriculture for the next five years.
Margaret Krome-Lukens, Rural Advancement Foundation International-USA Policy Director, explained the legislation impacts student farming, farmers' access to credit, crop insurance, commodity programs and more. She said decades of food consolidation have placed resources in the hands of a few major corporations, and believes lawmakers should consider community and small farmer voices as they work on the next farm bill.
"Farmers and local communities should be the ones making the decisions about what kind of a food system they want, and not corporations that are coming in and dictating what kind of terms a farmer can get on a contract, or how they're allowed to use the seeds," Krome-Lukens said.
Fewer farmers are using contracts compared with 25 years ago, according to data from the USDA. In 2020, 5% of U.S. farms used marketing contracts, compared with 11% in 1996.
Krome-Lukens pointed out that regardless of operation size, farming is not an easy profession, and added many pieces of the infrastructure of our local and regional food systems have been hollowed out, shrinking options for meat processing or wholesale markets. She said that the upcoming Farm Bill is a chance to rebuild and strengthen local and regional food infrastructure.
"Small-scale farmers and beginning farmers can be at a real disadvantage when it comes to accessing federal resources or farmers who are doing something a little bit different in terms of production or niche marketing or innovative practices," she said.
The nation's small family farm operations held an average of $90,000 dollars in debt, according to 2019 federal data.
Farmers Contract Usage Declines USDA 6/23/22
Farm Bill stance Rural Advancement Foundation International 2023
Debt report USDA 12/1/2022
Ag Improvement Act (H.R.2) Congressional Budget Office 12/11/2018
Next week, Ohio farmers and their advocates head to Washington, D.C., to push for shifting federal programs toward growing nutritious food, as lawmakers gear up to reauthorize the Farm Bill.
The cost of groceries has increased by 13% over the past year, driven largely by global supply-chain issues and the war in Ukraine.
Angela Huffman, co-founder and vice president of Farm Action, said she believes a strong system of local food suppliers would stabilize Ohio's food economy, and help ensure more families have access to fruits, vegetables, and sustainably raised meat.
"The Farm Bill matters to everybody, because everybody eats," Huffman asserted. "A large part of the reason that we're seeing this skyrocketing inflation -- and frankly, price gouging -- is because a small number of really large corporations are controlling our food system and our government policies."
According to an Urban Institute report, around one in five adults nationwide reported food insecurity in their households in 2020 and again last summer, when historic inflation levels sent food prices soaring.
Huffman added the federal government currently purchases food from major industrial producers. She is hoping the new Farm Bill shifts some buying power to local farmers for schools, hospitals and other community institutions.
"We want to be focused on empowering farmers to do what they do and feed their neighbors, and not just feeding corporate-controlled livestock around the world," Huffman emphasized.
Huffman added farmers are struggling to stay afloat in an era of falling commodity prices and the globalization of agriculture.
"The bulk of the money is going towards feed grains for livestock, which is corn, soybeans, other grains," Huffman outlined. "Farmers are really locked in this system, because that's where the lifeline subsidies are directed towards, and their margins are so slim."
Federal data show in 2019, the nation's small family farm operations held an average of $90,000 in debt.
Food Not Feed Summit Farm Action 2023
Grocery costs U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 01/12/2023
Food insecurity Urban Institute Sept. 2022
Farm debt information Nat'l Sustainable Agriculture Coalition 2023
Spending data Congressional Budget Office 12/11/2018
Data shows an increase in development has resulted in 19 acres per day, or 7,000 acres per year of New England agricultural land being lost or threatened between 2001 and 2016, according to a report from the American Farmland Trust. (Adobe Stock)
Maine's Small Farmers See Benefits from USDA Census
Albertsons was founded in Boise, Idaho, in 1939. (MelissaMN/Adobe Stock)
ID-Based Albertsons Merger with Kroger Could Impact Rural U.S.
U.S. solar power capacity stands at an estimated 97.2 gigawatts. This is enough to power the equivalent of 18 million average American homes, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.
(Adobe Stock)
Asking IA Lawmakers to Prioritize Water Quality, Renewable Energy
There are 1,168 businesses designated as Tractors and Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing businesses in the U.S. as of 2023, a slight increase over last year. (Adobe Stock)
Farm Mechanics Win 'Right to Repair'
A Twin Cities project hopes to develop a model to spur the adoption of solar installations along business corridors in underserved communities. (Adobe Stock)


Connor McKissick joined Harris Geospatial in 2016 and has worked as a North American Commercial Solutions Engineer for two and a half years. His is currently responsible for teaching ENVI related Remote Sensing courses and pre-technical support for all Harris and ENVI Commercial products.
Prior to joining Harris Geospatial, Mr. McKissick worked as a Data Analyst for Apple in Austin, Texas, working on updating their mapping products and GIS databases.
Over the last 2 years, he has applied his passion for helping the world into various disaster management efforts using ENVI technology to run analytics such as Flood Detections, Post Fire Mitigation efforts, and Tornado and Hurricane relief.


text:
Charlotte Brontë's Anger
Charlotte Brontë's Anger
Lives & Histories
You might think that a museum show about an iconoclastic Victorian author would, in these postelection weeks, constitute a kind of escapism. Not so when that author is Charlotte Brontë. An ...
By Anna E. Clark
You might think that a museum show about an iconoclastic Victorian author would, in these postelection weeks, constitute a kind of escapism. Not so when that author is Charlotte Brontë. An Independent Will, assembled by the Morgan Library for the two hundredth anniversary of Charlotte's birth, provides a lesson in the righteous application of anger.
Like other popular accounts of Brontë's life, the exhibit does its best to downplay her rage, framing her as a self-sufficient genius worthy of reverent awe.1 Visitors are greeted by an impossibly small dress of blue and white print, the one Brontë likely wore on an epically awkward visit to the novelist William Thackeray. The dress is accompanied by two little breadsticks of shoes and displayed on a headless, handless mannequin in a glass case, more reliquary than exhibit. Many of the other items on display feel equally miniscule, haunted, personal. Tiny, densely written books—the Brontë siblings' juvenilia—are accompanied by magnifying glasses and mounted like butterflies in eye-level vitrines. Hanging near them, Branwell Brontë's famous portrait of himself and his more talented sisters looks ungainly. Branwell's face has been scrubbed out, making him a ghostly presence in the background, while the three awkwardly proportioned girls—Anne, Emily, and Charlotte—stare blankly off in different directions. In the context of the other objects, it seems more like a magnified sketch than a real painting, something little and secretive that has been distortedly enlarged for public view.
Like the protagonists in Brontë's novels, the appeal of these objects lies largely in the contradictory way they seem to solicit intimacy while keeping us at arm's length. In her smart, moving 2015 book about the Brontës and their possessions, Victorianist Deborah Lutz writes that she longs to "crawl into and inhabit" Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre; she feels somehow "known by their heroines."2 Lutz is hardly alone in these sensations, but identification and its corollary assumption of understanding often seem like inadequate responses to the burning indignation of Brontë and her characters—they seem to want our attention more than our friendship. Consider the page to which the exhibit's original Jane Eyre manuscript is turned: "Do you think that because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! —I have as much soul as you—and full as much heart! … I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh; —it is my spirit that addresses your spirit."3 The scene is erotic; Jane speaks these words seconds before Rochester embraces her. But just as Rochester's kiss silences Jane, so too does our tendency to answer Brontë's furious cries with passionate identification seem to misunderstand their aim. Jane isn't calling for Rochester's adoration (though she desires that too); she wants a more basic, poignant kind of recognition. She's demanding that she be valued—not as a love object, but as a person.
Consider too the prickly self-reliance of Brontë's letters and journals. One note sent to her friend Ellen Nussey includes a remarkable sketch in which Ellen, in a pretty dress and stylish curls, is shown departed for the Continent with a tall, top-hatted man. He clasps Ellen's hand while extending his other towards a dwarfish, misshapen Charlotte. She smiles, and waves goodbye to the couple in a manner that looks suspiciously like she is shooing them away. "Go that route if you must," Brontë seems to say, "but don't expect me to follow." Other fragments from the years Brontë worked as teacher and governess read like desperate bottled messages flung from a desert island. A journal page from her time as an instructor at Roe Head School shows an exhausted Brontë retreating into a fantasy of Angria, the fictional kingdom she and Branwell created in their childhood. "I cannot get used to the ongoings that surround me," she writes, "As God was not in the wind, nor the fire, nor the earth-quake, so neither is my heart in the task, the theme or the exercises."4 Such entries are records of frustration and boredom, but also of resistance. Compelled by economic circumstance and gender norms to labor in a job she resents, Brontë unapologetically lays claim to spare seconds—in the classroom between recitations, in her room before she's called to tea—to write her own ideas and stories, as if by realizing them she is fomenting a small, private mutiny.
Charlotte Brontë's dress, 1850. Photograph by Graham Haber / Morgan Library
Before Brontë was revealed to be the "Currer Bell" who authored Jane Eyre, Victorian reviewers, certain that "Bell" was a woman, framed the novel as a thinly veiled autobiography.5 Brontë herself, though, demanded something else. In a quote that serves as a kind of epigraph to the Morgan Library show, appearing in its introductory wall text, she states, "To you I am neither man nor woman. I come before you as an author only. It is the sole standard by which you have a right to judge me, the sole ground on which I accept your judgment."6 The statement is taken from a letter in which Brontë responded to critics, who claimed that Jane Eyre was praiseworthy if written by a man but "odious" if the work of a woman. The placement of this declaration next to a feminine blue and white dress might seem ironic, but in the context of Brontë's authorial career, it's appropriate. Brontë eventually revealed her identity to her publisher, and when her true name became more widely known, she continued to insist that she be read as an ungendered author, even after her anonymity had fallen away.
In the wish-fulfilling world of Jane Eyre, the equivalence of human souls promises to nullify the power imbalances of gender, money, and class. Brontë, of course, had no such luck, yet by insistently maintaining an authorial persona distinct from, if inevitably linked to, her "real" identity, she staked her right—forcefully, defiantly, furiously—to a scrap of utopian equality. It's not coincidental that anger is the dominant emotion in so much of her work. Anger is private and public; it takes its power from its specificity and its universality; it calls out to be heard, and for action to be taken in its name. It can't be answered merely with empathy or identification. Right now, postelection, it feels good to see a brilliant woman's anger on display, even if the specific constraints against which Brontë directed her anger seem (for now) very distant. Anger is an appropriate response to the systematic denial of one's autonomy. It is not paradoxical, Brontë reminds us, to claim a specific identity while demanding equality on the basis of a shared humanity. On the contrary, it's impossible to do otherwise.
The tendency to present a more docile, less angry Brontë begins with her first posthumous biography, Elizabeth Gaskell's The Life of Charlotte Brontë, published by Smith, Elder & Co. in 1857, two years after her death. ↩
Lutz, The Brontë Cabinet: Three Lives in Nine Objects (Norton, 2015), p. xx. ↩
Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, An Autobiography (manuscript, The British Library, 1847. The British Library), MS 43475, f.176. ↩
Charlotte Brontë, written at the Roe Head school (unpublished ms., Henry H. Bonnell Collection, The Morgan Library, February 4, 1836) MA 2696.18. ↩
See, for example, G. H. Lewes's unsigned December 1847 review in Fraser's Magazine. ↩
Brontë to William S. Williams, August 16th, 1849, in Selected Letters of Charlotte Brontë, edited by Margaret Smith (Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 140. ↩
Featured image: "Portrait of Anne, Emily, and Charlotte Brontë," painted by Branwell Brontë, 1834. Photograph courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London / Morgan Library
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