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trans-fatty acids
British Journal of Nutrition (20)
Public Health Nutrition (3)
Nutrition Research Reviews (2)
Replacement of saturated and trans-fatty acids in the diet v. CVD risk in the light of the most recent studies
Magdalena Makarewicz-Wujec, Anna Dworakowska, Małgorzata Kozłowska-Wojciechowska
Journal: Public Health Nutrition / Volume 21 / Issue 12 / August 2018
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 April 2018, pp. 2291-2300
To present and discuss results of the most recent studies pertaining to the effects of consumption of different types of fatty acids on the risk of CVD. The aim was also an attempt to answer the question of whether a revision of the current recommendations is necessary.
A review of prospective cohort studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in 2014–2017 on the effects of SFA and trans-fatty acid (TFA) intakes as well as various models of their replacement in the diet on CVD risk.
Results of the new large prospective cohort studies pertaining to the effect of SFA consumption on CVD risk are contradictory. Similarly, the recent meta-analyses of clinical trials related to the effects of SFA substitution on CVD risk provided extremely different results, which is related to the application of different inclusion and exclusion criteria. Differences in results of randomised controlled trials may be caused by different methodologies of dietary parameter changes, varying duration of studies, as well as the time at which they were carried out.
It is extremely difficult to extrapolate results of recent studies to contemporary recommendations. It seems that there is a need for properly randomised studies on large groups, with good control of dietary and non-dietary parameters, which account for not only the sum of SFA and TFA, but also their source. Only such studies will allow for full evaluation of an effect of substituting SFA and TFA on cardiovascular risk.
Progress towards elimination of trans-fatty acids in foods commonly consumed in four Latin American cities
Rafael Monge-Rojas, Uriyoán Colón-Ramos, Enrique Jacoby, Thelma Alfaro, Maria das Graças Tavares do Carmo, Salvador Villalpando, Claudio Bernal
Journal: Public Health Nutrition / Volume 20 / Issue 13 / September 2017
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 June 2017, pp. 2440-2449
To assess progress towards the elimination of trans-fatty acids (TFA) in foods after the 2008 Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) recommendation of virtual elimination of TFA in Latin America.
A descriptive, comparative analysis of foods that were likely to contain TFA and were commonly consumed in four cities in Latin America.
San José (Costa Rica), Mexico City (Mexico), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Buenos Aires (Argentina).
Foods from each city were sampled in 2011; TFA content was analysed using GC. TFA of selected foods was also monitored in 2016.
In 2011–2016, there was a significant decrease in the content of TFA in the sampled foods across all sites, particularly in Buenos Aires (from 12·6–34·8 % range in 2011–2012 to nearly 0 % in 2015–2016). All sample products met the recommended levels of TFA content set by the PAHO. TFA were replaced with a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fats.
Our results indicate a virtual elimination of TFA from major food sources in the cities studied. This could be due to a combination of factors, including recommendations by national and global public health authorities, voluntary and/or mandatory food reformulation made by the food industry.
Fetal and neonatal exposure to trans-fatty acids impacts on susceptibility to atherosclerosis in apo E*3 Leiden mice
Louise Gates, Simon C. Langley-Evans, Jana Kraft, Adam L. Lock, Andrew M. Salter
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 117 / Issue 3 / 14 February 2017
Print publication: 14 February 2017
Nutrition during pregnancy can impact on the susceptibility of the offspring to CVD. Postnatal consumption of trans-fatty acids (TFA), associated with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO), increases the risk of atherosclerosis, whereas evidence for those TFA associated with ruminant-derived dairy products and meat remain equivocal. In this study, we investigate the impact of maternal consumption of dietary PHVO (P) and ruminant milk fat (R) on the development of atherosclerosis in their offspring, using the transgenic apoE*3 Leiden mouse. Dams were fed either chow (C) or one of three high-fat diets: a diet reflecting the SFA content of a 'Western' diet (W) or one enriched with either P or R. Diets were fed during either pregnancy alone or pregnancy and lactation. Weaned offspring were then transferred to an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. Atherosclerosis was assessed as lipid staining in cross-sections of the aorta. There was a significant effect of maternal diet during pregnancy on development of atherosclerosis (P=0·013) in the offspring with those born of mothers fed R or P during pregnancy displaying smaller lesions that those fed C or W. This was not associated with changes in total or lipoprotein cholesterol. Continuing to feed P during lactation increased atherosclerosis compared with that seen in offspring of dams fed P only during pregnancy (P<0·001). No such effect was seen in those from mothers fed R (P=0·596) or W (P=901). We conclude that dietary TFA have differing effects on cardiovascular risk at different stages of the lifecycle.
Evaluation of a screener to assess diet quality in the Netherlands
Linde van Lee, Edith J. M. Feskens, Saskia Meijboom, Eveline J. C. Hooft van Huysduynen, Pieter van't Veer, Jeanne H. M. de Vries, Anouk Geelen
Generally, there is a need for short questionnaires to estimate diet quality in the Netherlands. We developed a thirty-four-item FFQ – the Dutch Healthy Diet FFQ (DHD-FFQ) – to estimate adherence to the most recent Dutch guidelines for a healthy diet of 2006 using the DHD-index. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the DHD-index derived from the DHD-FFQ by comparing it with the index based on a reference method and to examine associations with participant characteristics, nutrient intakes and levels of cardiometabolic risk factors. Data of 1235 Dutch men and women, aged between 20 and 70 years, participating in the Nutrition Questionnaires plus study were used. The DHD-index was calculated from the DHD-FFQ and from a reference method consisting of a 180-item FFQ combined with a 24-h urinary Na excretion value. Ranking was studied using Spearman's correlations, and absolute agreement was studied using a Bland–Altman plot. Nutrient intakes derived from the 180-item FFQ were studied according to quintiles of the DHD-index using DHD-FFQ data. The correlation between the DHD-index derived from the DHD-FFQ and the reference method was 0·56 (95 % CI 0·52, 0·60). The Bland–Altman plot showed a small mean overestimation of the DHD-index derived from the DHD-FFQ compared with the reference method. The DHD-index score was in the favourable direction associated with most macronutrient and micronutrient intakes when adjusted for energy intake. No associations between the DHD-index score and cardiometabolic risk factors were observed. In conclusion, the DHD-index derived from the DHD-FFQ was considered acceptable in ranking but relatively poor in individual assessment of diet quality.
Current issues surrounding the definition of trans-fatty acids: implications for health, industry and food labels
Ye Wang, Spencer D. Proctor
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 110 / Issue 8 / 28 October 2013
Print publication: 28 October 2013
The definition of trans-fatty acids (TFA) was established by the Codex Alimentarius to guide nutritional and legislative regulations to reduce TFA consumption. Currently, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is excluded from the TFA definition based on evidence (primarily preclinical studies) implying health benefits on weight management and cancer prevention. While the efficacy of CLA supplements remains inconsistent in randomised clinical trials, evidence has emerged to associate supplemental CLA with negative health outcomes, including increased subclinical inflammation and oxidative stress (particularly at high doses). This has resulted in concerns regarding the correctness of excluding CLA from the TFA definition. Here we review recent clinical and preclinical literature on health implications of CLA and ruminant TFA, and highlight several issues surrounding the current Codex definition of TFA and how it may influence interpretation for public health. We find that CLA derived from ruminant foods differ from commercial CLA supplements in their isomer composition/distribution, consumption level and bioactivity. We conclude that health concerns associated with the use of supplemental CLA do not repudiate the exclusion of all forms of CLA from the Codex TFA definition, particularly when using the definition for food-related purposes. Given the emerging differential bioactivity of TFA from industrial v. ruminant sources, we advocate that regional nutrition guidelines/policies should focus on eliminating industrial forms of trans-fat from processed foods as opposed to all TFA per se.
Reporting of trans-fat on labels of Brazilian food products
Bruna Maria Silveira, David Alejandro Gonzalez-Chica, Rossana Pacheco da Costa Proença
Journal: Public Health Nutrition / Volume 16 / Issue 12 / December 2013
The present study investigated how trans-fat is reported on the packaging of foods sold in a Brazilian supermarket.
The present descriptive, cross-sectional study analysed the ingredient list, nutrition facts label and claims of no trans-fat on the packaging.
A large supermarket in Florianópolis, Brazil.
All food products available at the supermarket.
Of the 2327 study products, more than half had components containing trans-fat in the ingredient list, especially hydrogenated vegetable fat and its alternative names. A small percentage of food products reported some trans-fat content on the nutrition facts label and roughly a quarter of the food products claimed to contain no trans-fat on the front of the packaging. There was very low agreement among the trans-fat content reported in the nutrition facts label, claims of no trans-fat made on the packaging and the ingredient list.
There was low agreement among the different ways of reporting trans-fat, suggesting that it is not possible to rely on the nutrition facts label or no trans-fat claims printed on the packaging of Brazilian food products. Hence, the Brazilian legislation on food labels needs to change to improve the reliability of food labels and to help control the trans-fat intake of the population.
Recent developments in altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant-derived foods
K. J. Shingfield, M. Bonnet, N. D. Scollan
Journal: animal / Volume 7 / Issue s1 / March 2013
There is increasing evidence to indicate that nutrition is an important factor involved in the onset and development of several chronic human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type II diabetes and obesity. Clinical studies implicate excessive consumption of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) and trans-fatty acids (TFA) as risk factors for CVD, and in the aetiology of other chronic conditions. Ruminant-derived foods are significant sources of medium-chain SFA and TFA in the human diet, but also provide high-quality protein, essential micronutrients and several bioactive lipids. Altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant-derived foods offers the opportunity to align the consumption of fatty acids in human populations with public health policies without the need for substantial changes in eating habits. Replacing conserved forages with fresh grass or dietary plant oil and oilseed supplements can be used to lower medium-chain and total SFA content and increase cis-9 18:1, total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to a variable extent in ruminant milk. However, inclusion of fish oil or marine algae in the ruminant diet results in marginal enrichment of 20- or 22-carbon PUFA in milk. Studies in growing ruminants have confirmed that the same nutritional strategies improve the balance of n-6/n-3 PUFA, and increase CLA and long-chain n-3 PUFA in ruminant meat, but the potential to lower medium-chain and total SFA is limited. Attempts to alter meat and milk fatty acid composition through changes in the diet fed to ruminants are often accompanied by several-fold increases in TFA concentrations. In extreme cases, the distribution of trans 18:1 and 18:2 isomers in ruminant foods may resemble that of partially hydrogenated plant oils. Changes in milk fat or muscle lipid composition in response to diet are now known to be accompanied by tissue-specific alterations in the expression of one or more lipogenic genes. Breed influences both milk and muscle fat content, although recent studies have confirmed the occurrence of genetic variability in transcript abundance and activity of enzymes involved in lipid synthesis and identified polymorphisms for several key lipogenic genes in lactating and growing cattle. Although nutrition is the major factor influencing the fatty acid composition of ruminant-derived foods, further progress can be expected through the use of genomic or marker-assisted selection to increase the frequency of favourable genotypes and the formulation of diets to exploit this genetic potential.
A prospective study of intake of trans-fatty acids from ruminant fat, partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, and marine oils and mortality from CVD
Ida Laake, Jan I. Pedersen, Randi Selmer, Bente Kirkhus, Anja S. Lindman, Aage Tverdal, Marit B. Veierød
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 108 / Issue 4 / 28 August 2012
Print publication: 28 August 2012
Trans-fatty acids (TFA) have adverse effects on blood lipids, but whether TFA from different sources are associated with risk of CVD remains unresolved. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between TFA intake from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO), partially hydrogenated fish oils (PHFO) and ruminant fat (rTFA) and risks of death of CVD, CHD, cerebrovascular diseases and sudden death in the Norwegian Counties Study, a population-based cohort study. Between 1974 and 1988, participants were examined for up to three times. Fat intake was assessed with a semi-quantitative FFQ. A total of 71 464 men and women were followed up through 2007. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI were estimated with Cox regression. Energy from TFA was compared to energy from all other sources, carbohydrates or unsaturated cis-fatty acids with different multivariable models. During follow-up, 3870 subjects died of CVD, 2383 of CHD, 732 of cerebrovascular diseases and 243 of sudden death. Significant risks, comparing highest to lowest intake category, were found for: TFA from PHVO and CHD (HR 1·23 (95 % CI 1·00, 1·50)) and cerebrovascular diseases (HR 0·65 (95 % CI 0·45, 0·94)); TFA from PHFO and CVD (HR 1·14 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·26)) and cerebrovascular diseases (HR 1·32 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·69)); and rTFA intake and CVD (HR 1·30 (95 % CI 1·05, 1·61)), CHD (HR 1·50 (95 % CI 1·11, 2·03)) and sudden death (HR 2·73 (95 % CI 1·19, 6·25)) in women. These associations with rTFA intake were not significant in men (Pinteraction ≥ 0·01). The present study supports that TFA intake, irrespective of source, increases CVD risk. Whether TFA from PHVO decreases risk of cerebrovascular diseases warrants further investigation.
A cross-sectional study on trans-fatty acids and risk markers of CHD among middle-aged men representing a broad range of BMI
Birgit M. Nielsen, Marie M. Nielsen, Marianne U. Jakobsen, Carina J. Nielsen, Claus Holst, Thomas M. Larsen, Nathalie T. Bendsen, Anette Bysted, Torben Leth, David M. Hougaard, Kristin Skogstrand, Arne Astrup, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Tine Jess
Intake of trans-fatty acids (TFA), especially industrially produced TFA (I-TFA), has been associated with the risk of CHD through influence on serum lipid levels. Other causal pathways remain less investigated. In the present cross-sectional study of middle-aged men representing a broad range of BMI, the association between intake of TFA, I-TFA and ruminant TFA (R-TFA) and obesity-associated risk markers of CHD was assessed. The study comprised 393 Danish men (median age 49 years) with a median BMI of 28·4 kg/m2. Intake of TFA was estimated based on 7 d dietary records, whereas outcomes of interest (waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter, percentage of truncal fat, C-reactive protein, IL-6, blood lipids, blood pressure, HbA1c and insulin sensitivity index) were obtained through clinical examination. The associations were assessed by linear regression analysis. The median intake of total TFA among the 393 men was 1·3 g/d, covering a daily I-TFA intake of 0·4 g (10–90th percentile 0·0–1·0) and R-TFA intake of 0·9 g (10–90th percentile 0·4–1·8). Intake of these amounts of TFA showed no significant associations with abdominal fatness, inflammatory markers, blood lipids, blood pressure and insulin homeostasis. Among middle-aged men with a generally low intake of TFA, neither I-TFA nor R-TFA was significantly related to obesity-associated risk markers of CHD. The decreased average intake of I-TFA in Denmark since 1995 is suggested to effectively prevent occurrence of the adverse metabolic changes and health consequences, which have formerly been observed in relation to, especially, I-TFA intake.
Effect of trans-fat, fructose and monosodium glutamate feeding on feline weight gain, adiposity, insulin sensitivity, adipokine and lipid profile
Kate S. Collison, Marya Z. Zaidi, Soad M. Saleh, Angela Inglis, Rhea Mondreal, Nadine J. Makhoul, Razan Bakheet, Joey Burrows, Norton W. Milgram, Futwan A. Al-Mohanna
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 106 / Issue 2 / 28 July 2011
Print publication: 28 July 2011
The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing, and new experimental models are required to investigate the diverse aspects of these polygenic diseases, which are intimately linked in terms of aetiology. Feline T2DM has been shown to closely resemble human T2DM in terms of its clinical, pathological and physiological features. Our aim was to develop a feline model of diet-induced weight gain, adiposity and metabolic deregulation, and to examine correlates of weight and body fat change, insulin homeostasis, lipid profile, adipokines and clinical chemistry, in order to study associations which may shed light on the mechanism of diet-induced metabolic dysregulation. We used a combination of partially hydrogenated vegetable shortening and high-fructose corn syrup to generate a high-fat–high-fructose diet. The effects of this diet were compared with an isoenergetic standard chow, either in the presence or absence of 1·125 % dietary monosodium glutamate (MSG). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body imaging and a glucose tolerance test were performed. The present results indicate that dietary MSG increased weight gain and adiposity, and reduced insulin sensitivity (P < 0·05), whereas high-fat–high-fructose feeding resulted in elevated cortisol and markers of liver dysfunction (P < 0·01). The combination of all three dietary constituents resulted in lower insulin levels and elevated serum β-hydroxybutyrate and cortisol (P < 0·05). This combination also resulted in a lower first-phase insulin release during glucose tolerance testing (P < 0·001). In conclusion, markers of insulin deregulation and metabolic dysfunction associated with adiposity and T2DM can be induced by dietary factors in a feline model.
Ruminant and industrial sources of trans-fat and cardiovascular and diabetic diseases
Anne-Laure Tardy, Béatrice Morio, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
Journal: Nutrition Research Reviews / Volume 24 / Issue 1 / June 2011
The various positional isomers of oleic acid (18 : 1Δ9c or 9c-18 : 1) may have distinct biological effects. Detrimental effects of consumption of industrial trans-fatty acids (TFA) (elaidic acid; 18 : 1Δ9t) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on CVD risk factors are well documented. In addition, epidemiological data suggest that chronic consumption of industrial sources of TFA could alter insulin sensitivity and predispose for type 2 diabetes. However, intervention studies on this issue have remained inconclusive. Moreover, very little information is available on the effect of natural sources of TFA (vaccenic acid; 18 : 1Δ11t) coming from dairy products and ruminant meat on the development of CVD and type 2 diabetes. The review focuses on the impact of the consumption of ruminant TFA in relation to cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation and type 2 diabetes.
Different kinds of vegetable oils in relation to individual cardiovascular risk factors among Iranian women
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Leila Azadbakht
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 105 / Issue 6 / 28 March 2011
Print publication: 28 March 2011
Detrimental effects of trans-fats on lipid profiles, blood pressure and plasma glucose levels have been documented by short-term clinical trials with high doses of trans-fats, but limited observational studies have considered habitual consumption of partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO) and these outcome variables, particularly hypertension. We aimed to evaluate the association of PHVO and non-hydrogenated vegetable oils (non-HVO) intake with individual cardiovascular risk factors. In a cross-sectional study of 486 Iranian adult women, usual dietary intakes were assessed, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profiles and blood pressure were measured. PHVO (commonly used for cooking in Iran) were considered as the PHVO category. Sunflower oil, maize oil, rapeseed oil, soyabean oil and olive oil were defined as the non-HVO category. Diabetes (FPG ≥ 1260 mg/l), dyslipidaemia (based on Adult Treatment Panel III) and hypertension (based on Joint National Committee VI) were defined. The presence of 'at least one risk factor' and 'at least two risk factors' of the three major risk factors for CVD (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes) was also evaluated. After controlling for age and other potential confounders, a high consumption of HVO was associated with a greater risk of having dyslipidaemia (OR for top v. bottom quintile 5·04; 95 % CI 2·70, 9·36), hypertension (OR for top v. bottom quintile 3·03; 95 % CI 1·55, 6·10), at least one (OR for top v. bottom quintile 8·52; 95 % CI 4·41, 16·41) and at least two risk factors (OR for top v. bottom quintile 3·60; 95 % CI 1·64, 7·74), while those in the top quintile of non-HVO consumption had lower odds for all these conditions. Further adjustment for dietary intakes had little impact on these associations. Even after additional adjustment for BMI, the positive association of HVO and the inverse association of non-HVO with the above-mentioned cardiovascular risk factors remained significant, except for the association between non-HVO and hypertension that became marginally significant. No overall significant associations were found between the consumption of HVO and non-HVO and diabetes. Higher intakes of PHVO were associated with a greater risk of individual cardiovascular risk factors, while those of non-HVO were associated with a reduced risk.
Distinct effects of oleic acid and its trans-isomer elaidic acid on the expression of myokines and adipokines in cell models
Nuria Granados, Jaume Amengual, Joan Ribot, Andreu Palou, M. Luisa Bonet
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 105 / Issue 8 / 28 April 2011
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 January 2011, pp. 1226-1234
Print publication: 28 April 2011
Trans-fatty acids (TFA) and cis-monounsaturated fat appear to exert detrimental and beneficial effects, respectively, on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are a source of signalling proteins (adipokines and myokines), some of which have been related to the control of insulin sensitivity. Here, we investigated the possible differential effects of elaidic acid (EA; trans-9-18 : 1) – the major component in industrially produced TFA – and oleic acid (OA; cis-9-18 : 1) – its cis-isomer naturally present in food – on cellular glucose uptake and the expression of selected myokines and adipokines using cell models. Differentiated C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with the vehicle (control cells) or fatty acids for 24 h, after which basal and insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake and the expression of selected signalling proteins were measured. In C2C12 myotubes, pretreatment with OA, but not with EA, led to increased insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake and IL-6 expression levels, while pretreatment with EA, but not with OA, led to reduced IL-15 mRNA levels and increased TNF-α expression levels. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, exposure to OA, but not to EA, resulted in reduced resistin gene expression and increased adiponectin gene expression. The results show evidence of distinct, direct effects of OA and EA on muscle glucose uptake and the expression of target myokines and adipokines, thus suggesting novel mechanisms by which cis- and trans-monounsaturated fat may differentially affect systemic functions.
Effect of incremental amounts of fish oil in the diet on ruminal lipid metabolism in growing steers
K. J. Shingfield, M. R. F. Lee, D. J. Humphries, N. D. Scollan, V. Toivonen, C. K. Reynolds, D. E. Beever
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 March 2010, pp. 56-66
Based on the potential benefits to human health, there is interest in developing sustainable nutritional strategies to enhance the concentration of long-chain n-3 fatty acids in ruminant-derived foods. Four Aberdeen Angus steers fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment with 21 d experimental periods to examine the potential of fish oil (FO) in the diet to enhance the supply of 20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3 available for absorption in growing cattle. Treatments consisted of total mixed rations based on maize silage fed at a rate of 85 g DM/kg live weight0·75/d containing 0, 8, 16 and 24 g FO/kg diet DM. Supplements of FO reduced linearly (P < 0·01) DM intake and shifted (P < 0·01) rumen fermentation towards propionate at the expense of acetate and butyrate. FO in the diet enhanced linearly (P < 0·05) the flow of trans-16 : 1, trans-18 : 1, trans-18 : 2, 20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3, and decreased linearly (P < 0·05) 18 : 0 and 18 : 3n-3 at the duodenum. Increases in the flow of trans-18 : 1 were isomer dependent and were determined primarily by higher amounts of trans-11 reaching the duodenum. In conclusion, FO alters ruminal lipid metabolism of growing cattle in a dose-dependent manner consistent with an inhibition of ruminal biohydrogenation, and enhances the amount of long-chain n-3 fatty acids at the duodenum, but the increases are marginal due to extensive biohydrogenation in the rumen.
Differential effect of high dietary fat intakes on haemorheological parameters in rats
Cheng-Jeng Tai, Chao-Hsiang Chen, Hui-Hsin Chen, Hong-Jen Liang
High dietary intake of fats has been thought to be one of the major risk factors for the development of CVD. Less is known about the possible influence of fats from various sources on haemorheological abnormalities, which are considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The goal of the present study was to investigate effects of high-fat diets enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), SFA or trans-fatty acids (TFA), respectively, on haemorheological parameters in rats. Wistar female rats were divided into four groups and fed diets based on the AIN-93M formulation containing approximately 10 % energy from soyabean oil (control group) or 40 % energy from soyabean oil (USFA), palm oil (SFA) and vegetable shortening (TFA) for 8 weeks. The results showed that rats fed high-fat diets exhibited significant increases in serum TAG levels (P < 0·01), plasma viscosity (P < 0·01), whole blood viscosity (P < 0·01) and internal viscosity (P < 0·01) compared to the controls. The TFA group showed a significant decrease in erythrocyte deformability (P < 0·01) and increase in internal viscosity (P < 0·01) compared with the other groups. In addition, a significant increase in blood levels of free radicals (P < 0·01) was found in the TFA group, suggesting that the attack of oxygen-free radicals could be responsible for the impaired erythrocyte deformability. These impairments could be partly responsible for the development of various circulatory disorders. The present haemorheological study provides additional insights into the potential adverse effects of trans-fat and high-fat diets on haemorheological parameters.
n-3 Fatty acids prevent whereas trans-fatty acids induce vascular inflammation and sudden cardiac death
Rafat A. Siddiqui, Kevin A. Harvey, Nargiz Ruzmetov, Steven J. Miller, Gary P. Zaloga
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 102 / Issue 12 / 28 December 2009
Print publication: 28 December 2009
n-3 PUFA have well-recognised cardio-beneficial effects. In contrast, premature coronary deaths are associated with consumption of high levels of trans-fatty acids (TFA). The present study determined the effects of n-3 PUFA and TFA on sudden cardiac death and vascular inflammation. A rat coronary ligation model was used to study the effect of fatty acids on sudden cardiac death, whereas a mouse femoral artery ligation model was used to study compensatory vascular remodelling. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were utilised for the in vitro studies to investigate expression of inflammatory molecules. Feeding animals an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet caused a sevenfold increase in plasma n-3 PUFA compared with that of the TFA-fed group, whereas a TFA-enriched diet caused a 2·5-fold increase in plasma TFA compared with the n-3 PUFA group. Animals on a TFA diet had a lower survival rate due to sudden cardiac death and exhibited variable degrees of aortic atherosclerotic lesions. Animals on a TFA diet had diminished hindlimb collateral growth, whereas animals on the n-3 PUFA diet exhibited extensive collateral growth about ligated regions. HAEC treated with TFA (trans-18 : 2) showed significantly increased expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and nitrosylation of cellular proteins than those treated with DHA (n-3 PUFA, 22 : 6). The in vivo study demonstrates that, in contrast to TFA, n-3 PUFA improve animal survival after myocardial infarction, prevent development of atherosclerotic lesions and stimulate compensatory vascular remodelling. The in vitro study demonstrates that TFA induce, while n-3 PUFA prevent, vascular inflammation.
Association between trans-fatty acids in erythrocytes and pro-atherogenic lipid profiles among Canadian Inuit of Nunavik: possible influences of sex and age
Emilie Counil, Pierre Julien, Benoit Lamarche, Marie-Ludivine Château-Degat, Annie Ferland, Eric Dewailly
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 102 / Issue 5 / 14 September 2009
Print publication: 14 September 2009
Dietary exposure to trans-fatty acids (TFA) is likely to be high among Canadian Inuit; yet no data are available on the physiological effects of TFA in this population. The purpose of the present study was to assess the association between TFA and plasma lipid profiles in Inuit men and women living in Nunavik (Québec, Canada). In a cross-sectional, population-based survey, a total of 795 Nunavik Inuit eligible participants gave a blood sample. Exposure to TFA was assessed by their relative proportion in erythrocyte membrane. We performed multiple regression analysis using plasma lipids or their linear combinations as the dependent variables and TFA as the main predictor, adjusting for potential confounders. The associations varied markedly between the sexes and according to age. In men (n 357, aged 36·3 (sd 14·3) years, TFA 1·24 (sd 0·54) %), TFA tended to be negatively associated with HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA1 and LDL particle size, and positively associated with non-HDL-C, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), apoB100, the apoB100:apoA1 ratio and the ratios of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and TAG to HDL-C. No such trends were observed in women (n 438, aged 37·0 (sd 14·1) years, TFA 1·16 (sd 0·54) %), except for HDL-C and apoA1 in women aged 50 years and more. These results suggest that TFA could raise the risk of CHD in Inuit men at least through their physiological effects on plasma lipids. The differential associations reported in pre- and postmenopausal women need to be reproduced in other populations and in experimental studies addressing the influence of sex hormones in response to dietary fats.
Trans-fatty acids and cancer: a mini-review
Brennan K. Smith, Lindsay E. Robinson, Robert Nam, David W. L. Ma
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 102 / Issue 9 / 14 November 2009
The association between trans-fatty acids (TFA) and cancer risk is poorly understood and remains controversial. It is recognised that unique biological effects are associated with specific isoforms within families of fatty acids such as those belonging to the n-3 fatty acids. Furthermore, the interactions between diet and genetic polymorphisms are increasingly recognised for their potential risk-modifying effects on human health and disease. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to evaluate whether specific TFA isomers and genetic polymorphisms differentially modify cancer risk in prostate, colon and breast cancers in animal and human models. Potential mechanisms of action by which TFA may affect cancer development are also reviewed. Overall, across a number of experimental models and human studies, there is insufficient and inconsistent evidence linking specific TFA isomers to cancers of the prostate, colon and breast. A number of methodological limitations and experimental considerations were identified which may explain the inconsistencies observed across these studies. Therefore, further research is warranted to accurately assess the relationship between TFA and cancer risk.
Erythrocyte fatty acid profiles can predict acute non-fatal myocardial infarction
Yongsoon Park, Jeehyun Lim, Jaeung Lee, Soon-gil Kim
The risk of CHD has been linked to n-3 and trans-fatty acids. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hypothesis that lower n-3 fatty acids and higher trans-fatty acids in erythrocytes are associated with an increased risk of acute non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and that fatty acid profiles can discriminate MI cases from controls. Fifty cases with acute non-fatal MI and fifty age- and sex-matched controls without MI were recruited. The Omega-3 Index (the sum of EPA and DHA in erythrocytes) was significantly lower in cases than controls (9·57 (sem 0·28) v. 11·81 (sem 0·35) %; P < 0·001), while total trans-fatty acids were significantly higher (1·01 (sem 0·04) v. 0·56 (sem 0·03) %; P < 0·001). The Omega-3 Index was associated with decreased risk of MI (OR 0·08 (95 % CI 0·02, 0·38); P = 0·001), while total trans-fatty acids were associated with an increased risk of MI (OR 72·67 (95 % CI 6·68, 790·74); P < 0·001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of fatty acid profiles was larger than that for traditional risk factors, suggesting that fatty acid profiles make a higher contribution to the discrimination of MI cases from controls compared with modified Framingham risk factors. In conclusion, a higher Omega-3 Index and lower trans-fatty acids in erythrocytes are associated with a decreased risk of MI. Furthermore, fatty acid profiles improve discrimination of acute non-fatal MI compared with established risk factors.
Trans-fatty acids and cancer: the evidence reviewed
Abby K. Thompson, Danielle I. Shaw, Anne M. Minihane, Christine M. Williams
Journal: Nutrition Research Reviews / Volume 21 / Issue 2 / December 2008
The present review comes from the authors of the recent Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) review Update on Trans Fatty Acids and Health, and focuses on assessing the strength of the evidence for a link between trans-fatty acid (trans-FA) intake and cancer. It evaluates a range of human ecological, case–control and prospective studies with trans-FA exposure assessed using either dietary assessment methods or trans-FA levels in tissues. Relevant animal studies are also presented in order to elucidate potential mechanisms. It concludes that there is weak and inconsistent evidence for a relationship between trans-FA and breast or colorectal cancer. Evidence for an association between trans-FA and prostate cancer is limited, but a recent large case–control study has shown a strong interaction between risk and trans-FA intake for the RNASEL QQ/RQ genotype that is present in about 35 % of the population. This potential association requires further investigation. The single study on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma reported a strong positive association, but only used a single assessment of dietary trans-FA made at the start of the study in 1980, and the significant changes in trans-FA intakes between then and the end of follow-up in 1994 limit the reliability of this observation. There is insufficient evidence to allow any differentiation between the effects of trans-FA from animal or vegetable origin on cancer risk.


Product categories of DG Type Intermediate Pressure Boiler Feed Pump, we are specialized manufacturers from China, Intermediate Pressure Boiler Feed Pump, Medium Pressure Boiler Feed Pump suppliers/factory, wholesale high-quality products of Hydraulic Boiler Feed Pump R & D and manufacturing, we have the perfect after-sales service and technical support. Look forward to your cooperation!
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Yue, ZQ, 2014, Dynamics oflarge and rapid landslides with long travel distances under dense gas expandingpower, Landslide Science for a Safer Geoenvironment, Vol. 3, DOI10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_36, Springer International Publishing Switzerland2014. pp. 233-240.
Yue ZQ, 2015,Migration andExpansion of Highly Compressed Gas from Deep Ground for Cause of Large RockAvalanches, ISRM Congress 2015 Proceedings - International Symposium on Rock Mechanics- ISBN: 978-1-926872-25-4, Montreal, Canada, Paper No. 106.


The Trending - Hot off the presses, take a look a the latest news today and other trends. Then create your own, share with your friends and see how much your visibility is worth. In other words, sip some tea and make boss moves. The Trending- trends that make dollars. Trends that make sense.


text:
Q: SwiftUI show custom sheet over tab bar I have custom tab bar with two screen and I created a modifier to display custom sheet from bottom.
I don't want to use .sheet cause I can't change cornerRadius and also I want my sheet to be self-sized (dynamique height).
MainView:
struct MainView: View {

    var body: some View {

      ZStack(alignment: .bottom) {
          TabView(selection: $currentTab) {
              Screen1()
                 .tag(Tab.screen1)
              Screen2()
                 .tag(Tab.screen2)
          }
          .tabViewStyle(DefaultTabViewStyle())
          HStack {
              TabItemView(currentTab: $currentTab, tab: .screen1)
              TabItemView(currentTab: $currentTab, tab: .screen2)
          }
      }
  }

struct TabItemView: View {
    @Binding var currentTab: Tab
    var tab: Tab

    var body: some View {
        Button {
            currentTab = tab
        } label: {
            VStack {
                Image(tab.image)
                    .resizable()
                    .frame(width: 30, height: 30)
                    .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
                Text(tab.rawValue)
            }.padding(.vertical, 10)

        }
    }
}

Custom BottomSheet :
struct BottomSheet<Content: View>: View {
    @Binding var isPresented: Bool
    let onDismiss: (() -> Void)?
    let content: Content

    init(isPresented: Binding<Bool>, onDismiss: (() -> Void)? = nil, content: @escaping () -> Content) {
        self._isPresented = isPresented
        self.onDismiss = onDismiss
        self.content = content()
    }

    var isiPad: Bool {
        UIDevice.current.userInterfaceIdiom == .pad
    }

    public var body: some View {
        ZStack {
            if isPresented {
                Color.black.opacity(0.3)
                    .edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.all)
                    .transition(.opacity)
                    .zIndex(1)
                    .onTapGesture {
                        dismiss()
                    }
                container
                    .ignoresSafeArea(.container, edges: .bottom)
                    .transition(isiPad ? AnyTransition.opacity.combined(with: .offset(x: 0, y: 200)) : .move(edge: .bottom))
                    .zIndex(2)
            }
        }.animation(.spring(response: 0.35, dampingFraction: 1), value: isPresented)
    }

    private var container: some View {
        VStack {
            Spacer()

            if isiPad {
                card.aspectRatio(1.0, contentMode: .fit)
                Spacer()
            } else {
                card
            }
        }
    }

    private var card: some View {
        VStack(alignment: .trailing, spacing: 0) {
            content
        }
        .background(Color.background)
        .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: .radius_xl))
    }

    func dismiss() {
        withAnimation {
            isPresented = false
        }

        onDismiss?()
    }
}

extension View {
    func bottomSheet<Content: View>(isPresented: Binding<Bool>, onDismiss: (() -> Void)? = nil, backgroundColor: Color = Color(.systemGray6), @ViewBuilder content: @escaping () -> Content) -> some View {
       ZStack {
           self
           BottomSheet(isPresented: isPresented, onDismiss: onDismiss) { content() }
            }
        }
}

Screen 1:
struct Screen1: View {

    ...

    @State var isPresented = false

    ...

    var body: some View {

        Button(action: {
            isPresented = true
        }, label: {
            HStack {
                Spacer()
                Image(systemName: "plus")
                Text("Add")
                Spacer()
            }
        })
        .bottomSheet(isPresented: $isPresented) {
           PopupView(isPresented: $isPresented, message: "") {
              //Action when user confirm
           }
        }
    }

}

The problem is bottom sheet is presented behind my tab bar, when I move my .bottomSheet modifier to MainView it's working perfectly but in my case I want to use .bottomSheet in child views cause I have actions to do when user tap confirm or cancel button.
PS: I want to mimic .sheet behavior, always presenting view on top of root

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Here we have a fabulous antique farmhouse work table. It has a wooden base with 1 drawer and white enamel top. The enamel is in remarkable condition little wear, no chips. Wooden base could use a coat of paint. Ideal for the farmhouse decor, and the real deal.


Ed Gehres is General Counsel of 777 Partners, where he provides both strategic business advice and legal counsel to its portfolio companies. Mr. Gehres has over 20 years of experience in law and policy, including work as a trial lawyer on several landmark mass torts and products liability cases, innovative work in complex settlements, the design and execution of crisis response and public policy campaigns for highly-regulated industries, and a wealth of experience in the consumer finance industry. Prior to joining 777 Partners, Mr. Gehres was a partner and practice group leader at Van Ness Feldman LLP and before that at Patton Boggs LLP. Mr. Gehres also recently served as outside General Counsel to Think Finance. Mr. Gehres has a bachelor's degree from the University of Michigan, a master's degree from the Graduate School of Political Management at the George Washington University and a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law.


Architectural Signs can be custom or match a branding standard. These signs help assist with identification for a business. Architectural signs include monuments, channel letters and any other type of sign that help guide and inform visitors to a specific site or location.
These can be as simple as an ADA sign in a building to a full map kiosk at a park. Directional and way finding signs can help guide patrons to their destination and properly identify buildings, trails, routes etc.
Vehicle wraps, custom art panels, and decals are all great options to expand your business outreach. With a wide variety of applications and uses, Vinyl is an exceptional and affordable option for most projects.


Superbly presented three double bedroom home with sunny enclosed garden with hot tub, patio area & sea glimpses. Garage & ample parking. En-suite master bedroom. Modern kitchen. Modern bathroom. Set in this sought after coastal location. Easy access to the beach & all routes.
Beautifully presented three double bedroom home. Ample parking. Front and rear garden areas. Cash buyers only.


Donelda "Donnie" Rutledge, 95, of Pioneer passed away early Wednesday morning at Hillside Country Living in rural Bryan. She was born on April 23, 1923 in Montpelier to George A. and Lottie (Johnson) Stoner, Sr. Donnie married James E. Rutledge and he preceded her in death September 23, 1991. In 1985 she retired from Fifty Corp. in Bryan after 25 years as a press operator.
Donnie is survived by her sons Dennis (Louis) Rutledge of Bryan and Rodney Rutledge of Pioneer; nine grandchildren and many great grandchildren.
She was preceded in death by her parents, husband James, step mother Minnie Stoner, daughter Coleen Beaverson, brothers Alfred and George Rutledge, Jr., and sisters Velma Stoner and Irene Shaffer.
Graveside services for Donnie will be on Friday, October 12th at 1pm at Floral Grove Cemetery in Pioneer. Memorial contributions may be given to the Pioneer or Montpelier Senior Centers.
Be the first to comment on "Donelda Rutledge (1923-2018)"


Events with Purpose. Partnerships with Impact.
We foster partnerships between clients, businesses, and organizations to inspire event attendees to leave with a purpose.
Our work has a long-standing record of the highest level of intentionality and creativity. We are a team of diverse, creative, and dynamic strategists who enjoy building incredible experiences and partnerships for our clients. Social good is at the heart of everything we do—every decision we make, every customer we work with, and every employee we hire. It's all part of a larger commitment to our planet, our people, and our community. We include all, we hear all, and we embrace all.
David Adler, from BizBash, interviews Patty Padilla, 196 Founder and CEO, at The Kennedy Center on September 27, 2016 for Collaborate America award show.
Thank you for all your creativity and hard work in producing this memorable dinner and for helping our team create an event worthy of its important mission: to create a safer, greener future for all.
196 is synonymous with competence and creativity. The team has the expertise to understand every nuance necessary to execute an ideal event, plus they think outside the box and go the extra mile, bringing ideas and experiences to our events that we hadn't even thought to ask for.
196 combines creativity with organizational wizardry. The team are top flight event organizers, capable of masterminding everything from the concept, goals and big picture to every detail.
TruffleCon would be nothing without 196. Their strategic mindset coupled with their experience and intuition day of, gave us an extremely well produced conference and made our inaugural event a success. They will always be our go-to production team. We won't host another conference without 196.
Partnering with 196 is without a doubt one of the best decisions NWLC made for our signature event. We brought them in at the last minute and they were able to step in as if they had been along for the entire journey. They are highly professional, have an unparalleled eye for design, and gave our team a sense of calm and direction throughout the process. What's more, across the board we heard from our discerning and diverse audience that this is one of the most meaningful events they had attended and that they saw themselves in our mission and in our work.


New Air Jordan 1 High GS Grey Pink White Discount is one of the Cheap Jordan 1 Women.
New Air Jordan 1 High GS Grey Pink White Discount is equipped with the first layer of leather and fabric combination of upper and Zoom Air air cushion, to create a comfortable appearance and cushioning comfort experience.Using high-quality leather upper, leather edge clear and smooth, to create excellent flow models and exquisite detail design.Flexible upper veneer design, comfortable and durable. Solarsoft giant cotton midsole/outsole, light cushioning. Pure natural rubber outsole into the chevron shading, cast outstanding grip, so that you are on any road are gravitational.


The proof of concept of any program lies in industry acceptance. MSIT has a strong tie up with the software Industry to understand the pulse of the market and be prepared to beat the competition. Based on inputs from the stalwarts of the IT market the curriculum is enriched and tailored to be suitable for the ever changing needs and pressing demands of the industry. This close participation and collaboration with the industry creates a win-win situation for both the industry and the MSIT Program. The MSITians get the best of the courses based on technologies that are likely to be prevalent when these students hit the market and also benefit from the interactions with the bigwigs like the CEO and VPs of companies like GATI which come to visit MSIT and share their experiences with the students about how the industry runs and what it needs. On the other hand the industry gets 'Ready to work' students who understand and can translate the ideas of the CEO into path breaking software solutions. Apart from technical competency the industry looks for people who possess good softskills. Again MSIT fits the bill because of its unique soft skills program that is delivered with the support of C&K Management Limited.
Computer Associates conduct monthly technical talks on topics like security, storage, IT Infrastructure management etc. Also CA has offered internships for students during their practicum period. Currently there are about eight MSITians working as interns and two full time employees at CA. The company is eager to participate in the learning by doing model of MSIT and contribute in developing the course content for Storage Technologies.
3COM has opened up a computer networks research laboratory on campus and is offering internship to a number of MSITians. The company is also offering practicum to the students that involves real world problems in networks and security.
Microsoft has offered to conduct .NET courses for MSITians based on real world case studies.
GATI has offered practicum to MSITians to improve the in-transit visibility of packages and develop a vehicle tracking system.
CIHL/MSIT and JP Morgan Chase Hyderabad have MOU relating to internships, recruitment and collaboration towards providing industry perspective for university programs.
CIHL/MSIT and mutual mobile have MOU in offering course work on ecommerce, mobile technologies and latest industry trends. This also includes internship programs and recruitment.
Gramener offering Data Visualisation course at IIIT Hyderabad and JNTU Hyderabad as part of the Master of Science in Information Technology (MSIT) outreach programme. This programme is offered by a consortium of universities with the support of State government of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
Through this partnership, Gramener is collaborating to create course content, design curriculum as per industry standards and also have joint partnership to execute projects on predictive analytics and data visualisation.


text:
Heritage Awards
Preservation at Work Project House
FAQs About Preservation
For Teachers and Students
Tools for Property Owners
Presentations & Research
Preservation Partners
Nominate a Heritage Award
Form a Grassroots Group
Make the Save Step-by-step Guide
Membership - Join or Renew
Reserve the Memorial House
Preservation Utah's Heroes
Denver & Rio Grande Freight House and Boiler/Engine Shop
Between 200 and 400 South, 600 West and I-15, Salt Lake City
As the railyard site for the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, this area came to include a boiler/engine shop, balsam shop, round house and turntable, and two freight houses, all built c. 1910 (see historic photo at end; Courtesy Utah State Historical Society). These buildings were still present as late as 1951 when the railroad still played a prominent role in local and regional transportation networks. However, today, only one freight house (now divided into north and south sections) and the boiler/engine shop (left and bottom) remain.
Preservation Issues
Salt Lake City and historic preservation entities (the Utah State Historic Preservation Office and Utah Heritage Foundation) agreed in 2000 through a Memorandum of Agreement that the remaining Freight House would be rehabilitated as the Intermodal Hub. Now known as Salt Lake Central Station, the historic building has been cut into two sections – north and south – creating an adverse effect to the historic character of the building. Many of the character-defining features of the south building have been renovated in the first phase of hub development, such as the clerestory windows above the wide overhanging dock, loading bays (which now appear as a series of window openings), and the exposed interior structural steel truss system.
While the south building is actively used, the north building lies in wait for a new use. It remains in original condition but is neglected with deferred maintenance. Its owner, the Utah Transit Authority, has submitted a demolition application for the building but has been in negotiations with Salt Lake City Corp. regarding long range plans for the building as well as how their uses may fit into the entire UTA property and redevelopment of the Westside of downtown Salt Lake City.
In addition, UTA has formally studied the area west of the tracks as a new site for bus storage. This study did not request that the two historic buildings, the Boiler/Engine Shop, be studied for reuse on the site. Therefore, they are being programmed for demolition. Utah Heritage Foundation believes that these buildings are visible and identifiable links with the railroad's past that can continue to be used with UTA's present needs. Besides bus storage sites, UTA is also considering several site development options for mixed-use development, which industrial buildings frequently present flexible opportunities for reuse.
Recognizing that many people will want to live and/or work near transportation options in the near future, these indisposable structures on the Westside deserve consideration in long-range planning as options to blend with new structures, making the Gateway Neighborhood truly distinctive. Demolishing these building or replicating them, will not create an authentic experience.
1) Write to UTA Director John Inglish and let him know that these buildings are crucial for the Westside of Salt Lake City, and that UTA should adhere to their environmental policy to reduce, reuse, and recycle materials through historic preservation.
John Inglish, Director
Utah Transit Authority
2) Email Salt Lake City Mayor Ralph Becker and let him know that the city's partnership to with UTA and historic preservation organizations is crucial to seeing that these important structures are adaptively reused and integrated into the Westside's development, and that without them the Gateway Neighborhood does not become a unique destination to live in or visit for residents, commuters, or visitors.
3) Share your memories and thoughts of this important place with us through our Facebook page.
Read Kirk Huffaker's editorial "UTA needs to get onboard with Preservation" from the Salt Lake Tribune, December 13, 2009
More in this category: Hyrum Jensen Mansion	Westmoreland Place
© 2019 Preservation Utah
Memorial House in Memory Grove Park
375 N. Canyon Road | Salt Lake City, Utah 84103
Preservation Utah on Facebook
Preservation Utah on Instagram
Salt Lake Modern on Facebook
Memorial House on Facebook
Site by Third Sun

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Pierrepont Place is a mews street in Bath, England. Records indicate that Pierrepont Place and properties on it were built by John Wood the Elder between 1732 and 1748, on land once belonging to monks of Bath Abbey, who had used it as an orchard.

Most houses on the street are Grade II listed Georgian townhouses and include 4 Pierrepont Place (Grade II listed and built between 1740 and 1750), 5 Pierrepont Place - Grade II listed and built around 1748) and Masonic Hall (previously the Old Orchard Street Theatre). 5 Pierrepont Place was previously owned by the Bath Freemasons for 200 years, after purchasing the house along with the theatre building in 1809 for £25.

History

Bath Abbey, formally known as Priory Church, had an orchard which was given to the City by Edmund Colthurst in 1572. The land was then sold in 1612 to John Hall of Bradford-on-Avon and was passed through the family for a century. It was not until 1711 that the Hall's estate went to Rachel Bayntun, who became Countess of Kingston. Her husband died in 1713, possibly of smallpox, and she herself died in 1722. Her son Evelyn succeeded to the Bath estate and the dukedom in 1726.

Around 1732–1744, Evelyn Pierrepont, 2nd Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull sold the old Bath Abbey Orchards land in Bath to John Wood the Elder and his business partner James Leake who went on to design and construct housing and named the streets 'Pierrepont Place' and 'Pierrepont Street' in homage to Eveyln and the family - Evelyn continued to live in Bath however, until his death. Residents in Pierrepont Place are still required to honor the annual payment of £4 to the successors of the Most Noble Dukes estate as per the original lease agreement.

The Linley House at 1 Pierrepoint Place, was named after the musician and manager of London's Drury Lane Theatre (from 1774) Thomas Linley (Born 17 January 1733 – Died 19 November 1795) who lived there with his family. It was built around 1730 and has since been converted from residential use into offices. It is a Grade II* listed building. Number two was built around 1740 and has a 19th-century shop window. Numbers seven to thirteen were added between 1740 and 1745, and numbers 14 to 17 at the end of that period.

Bath Society
The Masonic Hall at the end of the street was previously Old Orchard Street Theatre, the Theatre Royal in Bath. Jane Austen knew it well having attended in 1799 and writing about it in Northanger Abbey.

See also
Grade II* listed buildings in Bath and North East Somerset

References

Streets in Bath, Somerset

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

      <meta charset="utf-8">
      <meta name="description" content="0x00000001">
      <meta name="author" content="NASG">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css">
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/normalize.css">
      <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
      <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
      <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml">
      <title>Ansible Disable Transparent Huge Pages Role</title>

0x00000001

Ansible Disable Transparent Huge Pages Role

- name: Disable thp
  shell: echo 'never' > ""
  with_items:
    - /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
    - /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
    - /sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/enabled
    - /sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/defrag
  when: ""
  ignore_errors: true
  become: yes

- name: Disable thp after every init script had initialized
  lineinfile:
    dest: /etc/rc.d/rc.local
    insertafter: EOF
    state: present
    create: yes
    line: |
      if test -f ; then
      echo never >
      fi
    mode: 0744
  with_items:
    - /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
    - /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
    - /sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/enabled
    - /sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/defrag
  become: yes

Checking if Hugepages are enabled in Linux

How to use, monitor, and disable transparent hugepages in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6?

Transparent Hugepage Support

      11 Dec 2017

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Is it possible to get a deeper tone in my voice, but yet keep my range? I have sort of a airy/high toned voice, but I don't have a high range either, so it's very frustrating for me. Thanks for any help you can give.
Deeper tone can come from a slightly lowered larynx, and from rounding and slightly protruding the lips. That makes a more "covered" or "darker" sound.
We tend to strive to get a brighter sound in most cases. A darker sound can be harder to discern pitch as accurately as a brighter sound.


text:
package site.iway.demos;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

import site.iway.helpers.CameraPreview;
import site.iway.helpers.CameraPreview.OnQRCodeDetectedListener;

/**
 * Created by iWay on 2015/11/24.
 */
public class CameraPreviewActivity extends Activity implements OnQRCodeDetectedListener {

    private CameraPreview mCameraPreview;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_camera_preview);
        mCameraPreview = (CameraPreview) findViewById(R.id.cameraPreview);
        mCameraPreview.setOnQRCodeDetectedListener(this);
    }

    private long mLastTime;

    @Override
    public void onQRCodeDetected(String qrCode) {
        long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        if (currentTime - mLastTime > 2000) {
            Toast.makeText(CameraPreviewActivity.this, "FOUND QR CODE : " + qrCode, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            mLastTime = currentTime;
        }
    }

}


To provide a supportive and positive learning experience in which members are empowered to develop communication and leadership skills, resulting in greater self-confidence and personal growth.
Come along and join us for a meeting or two as a guest (no cost) and see what Talk of the Town has to offer. We meet 7pm sharp on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of each month. Evelyn Rawlins Room, 1st Floor (up stairs or elevator) of the Square Edge Building (on The Square), Palmerston North.


We are selling our hugely popular Round mobile Bar.
The bar is made of 8 sections of curved bar sections. These can be used to make all sorts of curved style bars including quarter and half round bars. The 8th section has a service door and counter that folds back.
All bars have individually controlled RGB dimmable LED light fronts and back bar lighting.
The bar comes with 4 ice wells and speed rails. Also 2 shelves per bar unit.
The units are completely flat pack and fit in a standard size van such as a ford transit.
The units all have PVC backing for hygiene.
The units can also fit standard bottle fridges, which I have for sale.
The counters and shelves are all flight cased.
The counters were recently serviced and polished.
ALL fronts ca be changed with coloured perspex by sliding in and out. So mirror, gold, etc can be used.
These are bar units designed by a company that specialising in bar work.
All sections have levelling feet. We also have clamps to hold the bar together and give a nicer finish.
We can deliver up to 50 miles from TN8 5EA for £3 per mile. Bar available after 25th Jan.


text:
1-pc. Chicken Mcdo Spaghetti Meal
WATCH: Scarlett Johansson-Led 'Ghost in the Shell' Launches First Trailer
Fri, 17 Jan 2020 1:00 PM Movies
Score a Free Yellow Cab Cheese Pizza This Cheese Lover's Day!
Fri, 17 Jan 2020 2:21 PM Food & Drink
Mon, 14 Nov 2016 3:00 PM in Movies
Action, Crime, Drama, Sci-fi | PG | 1 hr 58 min
Scarlett Johansson , Takeshi Kitano , Michael Pitt
0/5 Critic's Rating
3.6/5 Users' Rating
Following a grand launch party in Tokyo in which stars Scarlett Johansson, "Beat" Takeshi Kitano, and director Rupert Sanders joined fans and influencers from across the globe, the first trailer of Paramount Pictures' "Ghost in the Shell" is now online and may be viewed here at ClickTheCity.
Ghost in the Shell - Trailer
Following a grand launch party in Tokyo in which stars Scarlett Johansson, "Beat" Takeshi Kitano, and director Rupert Sanders joined fans and influencers from across the globe, the first trailer of Paramount Pictures' Ghost in the Shell is now online and may be viewed here at ClickTheCity.
Based on the internationally-acclaimed Japanese Anime property, Ghost in the Shell follows Major, a special ops, one-of-a-kind human-cyborg hybrid, who leads the elite task force Section 9 devoted to stopping the most dangerous criminals and extremists. Directed by Rupert Sanders. The film stars Scarlett Johansson, "Beat" Takeshi Kitano, Juliette Binoche, Michael Pitt, Pilou Asbæk, and Kaori Momoi.
Opening across the Philippines on March 29, 2017, Ghost in the Shell is distributed by United International Pictures through Columbia Pictures.
Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (/dʒoʊˈhænsən/; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress and singer. She was among the world's highest-p... read more »
Action, Crime, Drama, Sci-fi
PG | 1 hr 58 min
Marvel Studios Founder Avi Arad Produces "Ghost in the Shell ...
Popular Manga "Ghost in the Shell" Transforms into Big-Scree ...
WATCH: New 'Ghost in the Shell' Trailer Reveals Stunning Vis ...
These Comfort Food From Different Cuisines Will Rid Of Any Rainy Day Blues
Here Are 5 Ideal Places For An Eventful Antipolo Stay
Slay the Buffet: Your Eat-All-You-Can Guide to Alfred, Makati Diamond Residences
Slay the Buffet: Your Eat-All-You-Can Guide to Spectrum, Raffles Makati
Visit These 15 Places in Singapore for Your Feed and Travel Goals
10 Bars in Metro Manila to Visit for Your Chill Mid-Week Drinks
Travel Itinerary: Bacolod City, Negros Occidental


How do I increase the recording time to completely fill the buffer memory when operating in single trigger mode?
I should be able to record for 12.8 seconds.
However using PicoScope 6 in single trigger mode I am only able to get a waveform 1s long. How can I extend the recording window to 12.8 seconds?
Tools -> Preferences -> Sampling and change the transition time to 5 s/div will allow the collection of a 20 second buffer of data to the scopes memory, or 10 seconds of data by setting the appropriate time in the tool bar.
If I have multiple waveform buffers then, are they collected continuously from my signal?
I.e.If i have 32 buffer waveforms( all of time period 1s) and If I join them up end to end, will I recover my original 32 second signal?
There will be gaps between the buffers due to the re arming of the scope, the actual gap time may vary, and will be dependent upon what else the PC is doing. If you chose to use Rapid Trigger you can collect all the buffers to the scopes memory, and then download the complete set to the PC, the rearm time in this case will be much shorter and consistent.


text:
This is a list of video games based on DC Comics.

Video games

1970s–80s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also
List of video games based on comics
List of video games featuring Batman
List of video games featuring Superman
Marvel Games

References

Video games based on DC Comics, List of
DC Comics

Video games based on DC Comics, List of


text:
Palestinians' Bittersweet Homecoming in Lebanon
By Wheeler, William | The Christian Science Monitor, March 5, 2008 | Go to article overview
Wheeler, William, The Christian Science Monitor
Rabie Taha's first sign of hope has arrived: 300 prefabricated homes that families are moving into this week on a lot at Nahr al- Bared, the Palestinian refugee camp largely destroyed in fighting last summer between Lebanese soldiers and radical Islamic militants.
After nine months of sleeping on crowded classroom floors of a nearby refugee camp, Mr. Taha's family is among those slated to move into the units in their former community. The move is part of a plan to return 1,500 of the 5,000 families still displaced by August. A prefab school also opened to students Monday.
For many refugees, the joy of returning is dampened by lingering bitterness over the extensive damage at the camp and the half-year delay in returning. "Why all, all, all our camp destroyed," asks Ahmed Abueid. "Why? The battle is finished [six] months, why we not return to our home?"
The reconstruction of Nahr al-Bared has moved forward slowly. It is the largest such effort ever for the UN Works and Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), which aids Palestinian refugees, including the 30,000 displaced by last year's conflict.
Nor has the government ever rebuilt an entire Palestinian camp. "There is a serious lack of capacity and the [displacement] crisis is overwhelming everybody," says Nadim Shehadi, a consultant on the effort.
The battle erupted last May between Fatah al-Islam - mostly foreign militants with reported ties to Al Qaeda - and an unprepared Army. It was Lebanon's worst internal crisis since the 1975-1990 civil war.
When the militants were defeated in September, Prime Minister Fouad Siniora vowed to rebuild the camp under military authority as a bulwark against future violence. The plan also calls for improving squalid infrastructure, which fosters a climate of desperation, says Mr. Shehadi.
Preliminary estimates put the cost as high as $382 million for relief operations and to improve the camp and surrounding Lebanese villages.
While 1,200 families have since been allowed to return to the "New Camp," the section of Nahr al-Bared least damaged in the fighting, no one will be allowed to return to homes in the "Old Camp" - the mazelike center where militants had dug in. That section will be demolished in preparation for reconstruction.
The project has been hampered by mines and booby traps that have claimed dozens of lives so far. "[Demining] could take weeks, months; the timeline is impossible," says UNRWA's Henri Disselkoen.
Meanwhile, refugees "have been without their clothes, without the documents, without their children's toys for eight months. The fathers are without an income and waiting for handouts by the international community," Mr. Disselkoen adds.
Taha, more fortunate than most, has found a job as a relief worker to complement his jobs as a nurse and a teacher.
Now, he and his family of 12 share a classroom floor in Beddawi refugee camp. A blue tarpaulin covers his family's neatly arranged possessions - blankets, portable grill, buckets for preparing food - that were donated by charities. …
Publication information: Article title: Palestinians' Bittersweet Homecoming in Lebanon. Contributors: Wheeler, William - Author. Newspaper title: The Christian Science Monitor. Publication date: March 5, 2008. Page number: 4. © The Christian Science Publishing Society. Provided by ProQuest LLC. All Rights Reserved.


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text:
Q: How to make okular open http/https links in PDFs with firefox? I'm on FreeBSD and have compiled and installed the graphics/okular port (i.e. not much else of KDE4 other than okular's dependencies.) This has installed version 1.8.0. I start my X11 manually with startx and use FVWM as the window manager.
When I open a PDF with okular and click a link to, say, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601, a dialog box opens saying

Select the program you want to use to open the file ISO_8601

I select /usr/local/bin/firefox. Then okular downloads the file ISO_8601 to a local directory, $HOME/.cache/kioexec/krun/13965_0/ISO_8601 and opens that file with firefox. The result is ugly, since all the CSS style is missing.
How can I make okular not download an URL, but pass it straight to firefox?
I'm willing to hack mailcaps, mime-types, or even frob KDE XML files deep down in my directory tree.
The file is available here. See page 4, link to ISO. The PDF is created with DocBook and Apache FOP 2.3 as the final conversion step to PDF.
Other readers, such as qpdfview do open the link directly in Firefox.


Our take on the depth chart of the Wasps' squad. Players listed at the top are likely to be the primary players at that position with players listed below likely to rotate and back them up. This is a dynamic page that changes as the season unfolds. The legend is at the bottom of this page.
Loans and dual registrations are listed where known. If you have any corrections feel free to email or tweet us.


text:
from test_plus.test import TestCase

from . import factories
from mnm.faq import models

class TestModels(TestCase):

    def test_faq_entry(self):
        e = factories.Entry(content='hello', title='world')

        self.assertEqual(e.content_rendered, '
hello
')
        self.assertEqual(e.sort_order, 0)
        self.assertEqual(e.status, 'draft')

    def test_public_queryset_excludes_drafts(self):
        e1 = factories.Entry(status='draft')
        e2 = factories.Entry(status='published')

        self.assertEqual(list(models.Entry.objects.public()), [e2])


text:
Website used by suspect in synagogue massacre is back online
Home » Technology » Website used by suspect in synagogue massacre is back online
Social media platform Gab, where the suspect in the Pittsburgh synagogue massacre spewed anti-Semitic messages, is back online roughly one week after domain registrar GoDaddy and other internet services dropped the site.
Gab returned on Sunday after a Seattle-based company, Epik, accepted the site's domain registration.
Gab suspended the account belonging to Robert Gregory Bowers, the man charged with killing 11 people at a Pittsburgh synagogue last month, shortly after the attack. The site said it backed up all user data for that account and notified the FBI.
On its Twitter account, Gab posted a message Sunday that said it "will not be defined by the actions of one individual."
Gab has been a haven for racists and anti-Semites who have been banned from Twitter for hateful and harassing behavior. Gab's founder and CEO, Andrew Torba, has portrayed his site as a bastion of free speech.
GoDaddy said in an Oct. 28 statement that it gave Gab up to 24 hours to move its domain to another registrar because it had violated the company's terms of service.
"In response to complaints received over the weekend, GoDaddy investigated and discovered numerous instances of content on the site that both promotes and encourages violence against people," the statement said.
Within hours of the Oct. 27 synagogue shooting, PayPal spokesman Justin Higgs said the online payment service had canceled Gab's account. Higgs said the service has been "closely monitoring" Gab and had been in the process of canceling the site's account before the shooting.
"When a site is explicitly allowing the perpetuation of hate, violence or discriminatory intolerance, we take immediate and decisive action," Higgs said in a statement.
Christopher Cantwell, a leading white nationalist figure who has one of the largest followings on Gab, posted an anti-Semitic message Sunday after the site was back online.
"Hey Jews! We're back on Gab now. Thanks for the press. Pretty soon the average citizen is going to figure out that we wouldn't be having these problems in your absence, and we genuinely appreciate your help in stepping up the timeline on that," Cantwell wrote. In July, Cantwell pleaded guilty to assault charges stemming from the torchlit rally on the eve of the August 2017 white nationalist rally that erupted in violence in Charlottesville, Virginia.
The mayhem in Charlottesville prompted many internet platforms to crack down on online hate. For example, Google and GoDaddy yanked The Daily Stormer's web address after the neo-Nazi website's founder, Andrew Anglin, published a post mocking the woman killed when a man drove a car into a crowd of counterprotesters in Charlottesville. Anglin's site struggled for months to stay online.
Days after synagogue massacre, online hate is thriving
The Latest: Investigator: Free DNA website helped crack case
AP Explains: Gab, where Pittsburgh shooting suspect ranted
Iceland: Bitcoin heist suspect has likely fled to Sweden
The Latest: Greek court backs Russian…
Author: Tech Poster
Google and Amazon are now in the oil business
California's new privacy law, explained
Schools are using facial recognition to try to stop shootings. Here's why they should think twice.
Facebook's political ad problem, explained by an expert
How to avoid a dystopian future of facial recognition in law enforcement
Weblin is An Alternative For Cydia
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text:
D'Angelo Hardy recently dropped "Beats to Bump To Vol. 1 and Vol. 2."
'Put up or shut up time'
Friend's death spurs local DJ to release CDs
BLAKE SEBRING | For The Journal Gazette
Artists never know what or who is going to inspire them so they move like sharks, always searching for the next thing. But they always circle back to the first thing, never forgetting who had the biggest impact.
For D'Angelo Hardy, that was Lionel Hogan, who passed away in November from the effects of COVID-19. For four decades Hogan, also known as D.J. Jammin' L, played venues all over the city, inspiring a dozen protegés, including Hardy, 54, who is also known as D.J. 2 Tuff and has been working in the city for 35 years.
Hogan's death told Hardy something about himself. He'd been talking for years about publishing some of his own original music, but now Hardy knew he had to either sit down in his home studio (called The Laboratory) and actually put music to CDs or forget about it.
"We grew up together," Hardy said.
"We have a 50-years-plus friendship so that really crushed me when he passed. It was put up or shut up time."
Hardy recently dropped "Beats to Bump To Vol. 1 and Vol. 2," which are dedicated to Hogan. The mix tapes of hip hop, R&B, dance music, slow jams are available at Wooden Nickel or by download or stream at iTunes, Spotify and Distro Kit. They are also available through Hardy's DJ2Tuffsoundzbumpinproductionz page on Facebook.
"I feel great because I can remember sitting back here for hours and hours after I got off work and putting beats and sounds together and tweaking and adding effects to them," he said. "I put my time in and I have a lot of songs I still have to get mastered. I feel really good. I get goosebumps sometimes thinking about this."
He's enjoyed it so much, he's already at work producing on a third volume, "The Gemini Experience," which he hopes to have on sale in February.
Hardy's musical history started early. He used to have the biggest boom box at Harding High School, a 90-watt, four-speaker monster that required 12 batteries and was so heavy he needed a guitar strap to help carry it. After graduating in 1985, Hardy joined the Air Force for a 10-year stretch. He supplemented his income by playing music on the bases and creating and selling mix tapes.
"When I was stationed in Michigan, MTV and BET came out," Hardy recalled. "I would sit up there and watch all the videos and write them down. Billboard Magazine had the Top 100, and what I would do is go down to the record store and order on Monday so they would be in on Friday so I could play them. It was nothing for me to spend $200 on records."
He'd also make mix tapes and sell them for $10, making between $200 and $300 each weekend. When CDs started getting popular around 2000, he bought a burner from Sweetwater and then designed covers and labels and playlists, making sure everything looked professional.
"I loved it because to this day I run into people who say they still have this tape or that CD," Hardy said. "That drives me and makes me feel good."
In 1996, Hardy came home to go to school and help support his family. He's been performing at area clubs ever since, though the pandemic has given him more time to work in the studio. He still hosts a show from 6 to 8 p.m. Saturdays on the Allen County Public Library's station, WELT 95.7. He plays his mix music during the first hour and then slows it down for slow jams, which he calls the Lovers Hour. He's been producing the show since 2016.
For the last 10 years, he's been concentrating on producing, learning the business side of the music. He's been learning recording techniques from DJ Polaris and getting pointers from DJ Julio Rankin, Rocko Blanco, Reggie Allen and Sweetwater's Chuck Surack.
Sometimes, just like now, it's been tough to earn steady money simply with the music, but Hardy went to school to learn HVAC and construction, worked for Coca-Cola and Pepsi and has been an apartment maintenance supervisor for 18 years. As he said, he can do a little bit of everything to earn money.
But Hardy still loves the music every bit as much as he did 30 years ago. It keeps him young and dreaming.
"I got some buddies who gave it up and that's fine, but I just love music," he said. "I just pull from what's inside, man. If I hear a sound, I'll be that sounds good and I'm already thinking what's going to come with it? It's music, which is a universal language."