Fantastic Sasha Club Chair By Foundry Select is essential have in virtually any home. You would like to get the best parts, and you also want to successfully never overpay on their behalf. Sounds a bit difficult, correct? Well, this information is on this page to help. Continue reading and locate some good skilled tips for locating the offers on home furniture items you are going to adore. Before choosing any units, open all of the drawers and search within. You're not just ensuring that all of the storage are constructed to very last and open up without the hitches, you also want to make certain that the inside of your drawers have some sort of finishing too. When searching for Sasha Club Chair By Foundry Select, measure your bed room prior to going purchasing. There may be nothing at all even worse than selecting the perfect group of Sasha Club Chair By Foundry Select only to find that it will not easily fit into your room after you get it home. Instead, effectively calculate your areas sizes prior to going remembering where by door and microsoft windows can be found.
The most helpful equipment of the home may be the stool. Stools are useful where ever it is needed it may be in the kitchen or for other gatherings at home. Barstools can be run by hand which is simple in working. These bar stools could be modified by hand to the level of enhanced comfort zone. There are various kinds of bar stool which consists of wood and steels, for this certain kinds of chair there might not have a adjustable tool which may warm lower the height from the seat but instead developed in a properly positioned manner. Bar stools provides additional kitchen and eating seats with stylish look. It keeps visitors lingering of the modern house. Finding bar seat with suitable the perception of home is the tough 1. You need to find the correct style with correct quality and price from the bar stools to become purchased. We have to discover the ideal peak from the bar stools that suits our height, and need to find the difference between your club stool and counter stool. Finally, you need to discover stools at the correct cost, right quality with guarantee and with required durability which should fulfill us for the investing.
Weighing below Dollar300 (in addition shipping) and 56 in . in width, our wallet- and room-pleasant choose is fantastic for very first flats, playrooms, dens or any other little areas. Simply because its padded with additional powerful bonded leather-based, this lying loveseat is much more resistant against unsightly stains, rips and holes. Customers explain this lying loveseat as comfortable, fashionable and a very good value. One rater authored that it was one of the most comfy furniture pieces shes ever had, whilst an additional stated he could not have asked for more for his cash. Reasonable warning, though: some reviewers said the furniture on their loveseats took effortlessly. Fortunately, the manufacturer includes a warranty for parts. Because this loveseat has this type of easy design, it can make a solid base for additional customized decorations items. Then add ornamental toss pillows or covers to up its comfortable factor, and give a couple of jumps of color and design.
This fits you if all you need is an attractive coach. It is made with a flared body and pillow leading amrests in a cool cobblestone grey. Now, it has tough froth soft cushions which are obsessed with in a rayon furniture to create the desired comfort and ease. It features a sturdy corner blocked frame that adds to the sturdiness. Also, the feet have been in a fake wood finish. It has an impressive gray colour that matches with any decor. Its dimensions are 89 T x 39 Deb x 40 H therefore large enough to accommodate you together with your loved onesOrbuddies. More importantly, it occurs completely put together. This protects the agony of getting to assemble the established.
You cannot talk about this sofa with out talking about its remarkable style, durability, and luxury. Should you ever required an appropriate seat, then transfer fast and get your self Rollercoaster Samuel Collection Cream Leather-based Couch. You will love it. This 3 seater sofa has clean outlines and great soft cushions. The soft cushions are attached to the chair and at the back. It is made from leather which definitely is a sure wager that it is durable. It also functions tufted back again and chairs that definitely contributes to its impressive look. More to the point, it features a springtime base that provides the required durability and comfort. Its wooden body causes it to be really durable. The lengthy and the lacking it is that this couch is extraordinary in every aspect. You might or might not accept this. But the only way you are able to understand why is to buy and try it.
While the back of this couch shows the Chesterfield, using its series of tufting, a tuxedo sofa has cleaner, more angular lines. It is stated to possess been the bellwether of more contemporary styles in the 1920s. While some say this couch design takes a name from Tuxedo Recreation area in Ny, it is also said to be named after the classic fancy men's suit. You can determine a tux sofa by its hands that are identical height as the back. The tufting on the rear of the sofa and its rectangular outline are also traditional qualities. Cushions include comfort and ease to this higher-equipped design. Also, while the couch over from Upcountry is padded in leather, this popular design is often completed in fabrics of all kinds, including the really stylish purple velvet.
You cant discuss this couch with out referring to its impressive style, sturdiness, and comfort. If you ever needed a comfortable seat, then transfer fast and obtain your self Coaster Samuel Collection Cream Leather Sofa. You will love it. This 3 seater sofa has thoroughly clean lines and great cushions. The soft cushions are attached to the seat and behind. It is made of leather and that is a sure wager that its long lasting. Additionally, it features tufted back and chairs that definitely contributes to its impressive appear. More to the point, it features a springtime foundation that gives it the necessary durability and comfort. Its wood body causes it to be very sturdy. The lengthy and also the short of it is that this sofa is extraordinary in every element. You might or might not accept this. But the only method you are able to appreciate this is to find and try it.
Puffy, overstuffed loveseat soft cushions arent your lifestyle? This lying loveseat from GDF has crisper, cleaner lines than your traditional reclining loveseat, which makes it a stylish accessory for a mid-century modern, modern, eclectic or modern style of home. And, at just 46.46 in . wide, its easy to match an inferior space, like flats, dens or office spaces. Obtainable in several color and material options, such as charcoal material, navy fabric and standing microfiber, its simple to find the perfect match for your house decorations, and also the sturdiness your loved ones requirements for everyday use. The days are gone of excellent-looking, but unpleasant furniture you no longer have to sacrifice comfort for style. This lying loveseat features a big, soft, plush-stuffed chair cushioning with sufficient space for 2 or sufficient room for one to disseminate and relax.
The Bridgewater is really a sofa design that's mainly casual and certainly comfortable. This style may be the beloved of many an artist simply because you can use it to produce a casual, pleasant room. Bridgewater sofas are versatile, with respect to the upholstery you select. Done in an unbiased fabric, this style of sofa does not contend with additional factors in the room which may be much more remarkable, such as artwork or other big functions. Much more official fabric will yield a far more stately style of sofa. A number of qualities distinguish Bridgewater couches: Typically they have reduced arms and a higher back, which contributes to the casual appear. Most in addition have a customized dress that hides the thighs and free cushions for that seat and back again. This specific design was created to accommodate slipcovers, which also lend an informal air towards the sofa.
The Lawson could be called perfect American sofa design. It's comfy and simple: The boxy shape is generous and characteristically has 3 back cushions in addition to 3 seat cushions. The classic Lawson also has A higher back and box-shaped cushions which have welts at the edges, as do the back cushions. Ideal for cuddling and napping, this sofa style was designed for Jones Lawson, a united states copper mineral tycoon in the turn of the hundred years. He wanted a sofa which was very different from the fussy Victorian designs that were common in those days. Current versions of the Lawson can also incorporate wood or metal included in the hands. Most importantly, this sofa design is the one that will morph its feel with the textile you select for the furniture. The shape is so versatile that it may be glamorous, magnificent, industrial, casual or formal based on your material choice.
If youre looking for some severe relaxation, this loveseats solid cushion back again and folded hands will deliverbut at a higher price tag. Each chair cushioning contains 30 person pocketed circles for springtime and support, and high resilience seat froth for an extra layer of plushness and sturdiness. Plus, the foam soft cushions are capped with super soft, blended lower feathers. For your additional comfort, you will find three regular jobs: seated, a slight recline by having an raised footrest, along with a full recline with an raised foot rest. It doesnt harm that this lying loveseat appears lux, either. Its all-leather-based upholstery and decorative nail mind cut provide a vintage appear that may function with a lot of home decorations styles, from conventional to nation to crafts and arts. Plus, leather stands up well against everyday use, children and dog hair and fingernails. Just remember to situation the leather every 6 to twelve months.
Even though this reclining loveseat comes with a heftier cost, its traditional design, options for customization and automated lying system allow it to be worth the dough. Its handcrafted wood body is padded with down mix soft cushions for a much softer feel than youd receive from higher-density froth cushions, and the furniture is available in a whopping 72 colour and fabric combos. The availability of so many options causes it to be additional simple to set this reclining loveseat with different patterns, materials, highlights and dcor designs. In addition, if you have kids or animals (or each!), you can select a stronger, spot-proof material. 1 client shared that the Sunbrella fabric materials has organized well against her children and pets. This lying loveseat could have a classic, old-school look, nevertheless its constructed-in tech is not. It doesn't only have an automated lying program (that provides you with a complete recline, together with your footrest completely parallel to the chair), but it features a USB interface for using or just charging your apple ipad, apple iphone, Kindle or laptop computer.
Be sure you enhance the looks of the family room with the addition of these excellent cup coffee tables. They are the best glass coffee tables on the market having a sturdy construction and elegant designs. The furniture are extremely reviewed and recommended. Go correct ahead and select one that greatest fits your flavor with full confidence.


text:
History of Buddhism in India
Early developments
Early Buddhist Councils
Early Buddhism Schools
Mahāyāna
Vajrayāna
Strengthening of Buddhism in India
The early spread of Buddhism
Aśoka and the Mauryan Empire
Graeco-Bactrians, Sakas and Indo-Parthians
Kuṣāna Empire
The Pāla and Sena era
Dharma masters
Decline of Buddhism in India
The Hun invasions
Muslim conquerors
Surviving Buddhists
Causes within the Buddhist tradition of the time
Revival of Buddhism in India
Maha Bodhi Society
Dalit Buddhist movement
Vipassana movement
Buddhism is an ancient Indian religion, which arose in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of the Gautama Buddha who was deemed a "Buddha" ("Awakened One"). Buddhism spread outside of Magadha starting in the Buddha's lifetime.
With the reign of the Buddhist Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, the Buddhist community split into two branches: the Mahāsāṃghika and the Sthaviravāda, each of which spread throughout India and split into numerous sub-sects. In modern times, two major branches of Buddhism exist: the Theravāda in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, and the Mahāyāna throughout the Himalayas and East Asia. The Buddhist tradition of Vajrayana is sometimes classified as a part of Mahāyāna Buddhism, but some scholars consider it to be a different branch altogether.
The practice of Buddhism as a distinct and organized religion lost influence after the Gupta reign (c.7th century CE), and declined from the land of its origin in around the 13th century, but not without leaving a significant impact on other local religious traditions. Except for the Himalayan region and south India, Buddhism almost became extinct in India after the arrival of Islam in the late 12th century. Buddhism is still practiced in the Himalayan areas such as Sikkim, Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, the Darjeeling hills in West Bengal, the Lahaul and Spiti areas of upper Himachal Pradesh, and Maharashtra. After B. R. Ambedkar's Dalit Buddhist movement, the number of Buddhists in India has increased considerably. According to the 2011 census, Buddhists make up 0.7% of India's population, or 8.4 million individuals. Traditional Buddhists are less than 13% and Navayana Buddhists (Converted, Ambedkarite or Neo-Buddhists) comprise more than 87% of the Indian Buddhist community according to the 2011 Census of India. According to the 2011 census, the largest concentration of Buddhism is in Maharashtra (6,530,000), where 77% of the total Buddhists in India reside. West Bengal (280,000), Madhya Pradesh (216,000), and Uttar Pradesh (200,000) are other states having large Buddhist populations. Ladakh (39.7%), Sikkim (27.4%), Arunachal Pradesh (11.8%), Mizoram (8.5%) and Maharashtra (5.8%) have emerged as top five states or union territories in terms of having the largest percentages of Buddhists.
The main Sanchi Stupa from the Eastern gate, in Madhya Pradesh, which contain the relics of Gautam Buddha.
Main article: Gautama Buddha
Buddha was born to a Kapilvastu head of the Shakya republic named Suddhodana. He employed sramana practices in a specific way, denouncing extreme asceticism and sole concentration-meditation, which were sramanic practices. Instead he propagated a Middle Way between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification, in which self-restraint and compassion are central elements.
Buddha teaching Four Noble Truths
According to tradition, as recorded in the Pali Canon and the Agamas, Siddhārtha Gautama attained awakening sitting under a pipal tree, now known as the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, India. Gautama referred to himself as the tathagata, the "thus-gone"; the developing tradition later regarded him to be as a Samyaksambuddha, a "Perfectly Self-Awakened One." According to tradition, he found patronage in the ruler of Magadha, emperor Bimbisāra. The emperor accepted Buddhism as personal faith and allowed the establishment of many Buddhist "Vihāras." This eventually led to the renaming of the entire region as Bihar.
According to tradition, in the Deer Park in Sarnath near Vārāṇasī in northern India, Buddha set in motion the Wheel of Dharma by delivering his first sermon to the group of five companions with whom he had previously sought liberation. They, together with the Buddha, formed the first Saṅgha, the company of Buddhist monks, and hence, the first formation of Triple Gem (Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha) was completed.
For the remaining years of his life, the Buddha is said to have travelled in the Gangetic Plain of Northern India and other regions.
Buddha died in Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh.
Followers of Buddhism, called Buddhists in English, referred to themselves as Saugata. Other terms were Sakyans or Sakyabhiksu in ancient India. Sakyaputto was another term used by Buddhists, as well as Ariyasavako and Jinaputto. Buddhist scholar Donald S. Lopez states they also used the term Bauddha. The scholar Richard Cohen in his discussion about the 5th-century Ajanta Caves, states that Bauddha is not attested therein, and was used by outsiders to describe Buddhists, except for occasional use as an adjective.
The Buddha did not appoint any successor, and asked his followers to work toward liberation following the instructions he had left. The teachings of the Buddha existed only in oral traditions. The Sangha held a number of Buddhist councils in order to reach consensus on matters of Buddhist doctrine and practice.
Mahākāśyapa, a disciple of the Buddha, presided over the first Buddhist council held at Rājagṛha. Its purpose was to recite and agree on the Buddha's actual teachings and on monastic discipline. Some scholars consider this council fictitious.
The Second Buddhist Council is said to have taken place at Vaiśālī. Its purpose was to deal with questionable monastic practices like the use of money, the drinking of palm wine, and other irregularities; the council declared these practices unlawful.
What is commonly called the Third Buddhist Council was held at Pāṭaliputra, and was allegedly called by Emperor Aśoka in the 3rd century BCE. Organized by the monk Moggaliputta Tissa, it was held in order to rid the sangha of the large number of monks who had joined the order because of its royal patronage. Most scholars now believe this council was exclusively Theravada, and that the dispatch of missionaries to various countries at about this time was nothing to do with it.
What is often called the Fourth Buddhist council is generally believed to have been held under the patronage of Emperor Kaniṣka at Jālandhar in Kashmir, though the late Monseigneur Professor Lamotte considered it fictitious. It is generally believed to have been a council of the Sarvastivāda school.
Main article: Early Buddhist Schools
The Early Buddhist Schools were the various schools in which pre-sectarian Buddhism split in the first few centuries after the passing away of the Buddha (in about the 5th century BCE). The earliest division was between the majority Mahāsāṃghika and the minority Sthaviravāda. Some existing Buddhist traditions follow the vinayas of early Buddhist schools.
Theravāda: practised mainly in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Bangladesh.
Dharmaguptaka: followed in China, Korea, Vietnam, and Taiwan.
Mūlasarvāstivāda: followed in Tibetan Buddhism.
The Dharmaguptakas made more efforts than any other sect to spread Buddhism outside India, to areas such as Afghanistan, Central Asia, and China, and they had great success in doing so. Therefore, most countries which adopted Buddhism from China, also adopted the Dharmaguptaka vinaya and ordination lineage for bhikṣus and bhikṣuṇīs.
During the early period of Chinese Buddhism, the Indian Buddhist sects recognized as important, and whose texts were studied, were the Dharmaguptakas, Mahīśāsakas, Kāśyapīyas, Sarvāstivādins, and the Mahāsāṃghikas. Complete vinayas preserved in the Chinese Buddhist canon include the Mahīśāsaka Vinaya (T. 1421), Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya (T. 1425), Dharmaguptaka Vinaya (T. 1428), Sarvāstivāda Vinaya (T. 1435), and the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya (T. 1442). Also preserved are a set of Āgamas (Sūtra Piṭaka), a complete Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma Piṭaka, and many other texts of the early Buddhist schools.
Early Buddhist schools in India often divided modes of Buddhist practice into several "vehicles" (yāna). For example, the Vaibhāṣika Sarvāstivādins are known to have employed the outlook of Buddhist practice as consisting of the Three Vehicles:
Śrāvakayāna
Pratyekabuddhayāna
Bodhisattvayāna
Main article: Mahāyāna
Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, which are among the earliest Mahāyāna sūtras, developed among the Mahāsāṃghika along the Kṛṣṇa River in the Āndhra region of South India.
The earliest Mahāyāna sūtras to include the very first versions of the Prajñāpāramitā genre, along with texts concerning Akṣobhya Buddha, which were probably written down in the 1st century BCE in the south of India. Guang Xing states, "Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā probably developed among the Mahāsāṃghikas in southern India, in the Āndhra country, on the Kṛṣṇa River." A.K. Warder believes that "the Mahāyāna originated in the south of India and almost certainly in the Āndhra country."
Anthony Barber and Sree Padma note that "historians of Buddhist thought have been aware for quite some time that such pivotally important Mahayana Buddhist thinkers as Nāgārjuna, Dignaga, Candrakīrti, Āryadeva, and Bhavaviveka, among many others, formulated their theories while living in Buddhist communities in Āndhra." They note that the ancient Buddhist sites in the lower Kṛṣṇa Valley, including Amaravati, Nāgārjunakoṇḍā and Jaggayyapeṭa "can be traced to at least the third century BCE, if not earlier." Akira Hirakawa notes the "evidence suggests that many Early Mahayana scriptures originated in South India."
Main article: Vajrayāna
Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Shaiva, Garuda and Vaishnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all taught originally by Manjushri. The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra, a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition, prescribes acting as a Shaiva guru and initiating members into Saiva Siddhanta scriptures and mandalas. The Samvara tantra texts adopted the pitha list from the Shaiva text Tantrasadbhava, introducing a copying error where a deity was mistaken for a place.
In the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.E., economic development made the merchant class increasingly important. Merchants were attracted to Buddhist teachings, which contrasted with existing Brahmin religious practice. The latter focussed on the social position of the Brahmin caste to the exclusion of the interests of other classes. Buddhism became prominent in merchant communities and then spread throughout the Mauryan empire through commercial connections and along trade routes. In this way, Buddhism also spread through the silk route into central Asia.
Further information: Ashoka the great and Mauryan empire
The Maurya empire reached its peak at the time of emperor Aśoka, who converted to Buddhism after the Battle of Kaliṅga. This heralded a long period of stability under the Buddhist emperor. The power of the empire was vast—ambassadors were sent to other countries to propagate Buddhism. Greek envoy Megasthenes describes the wealth of the Mauryan capital. Stupas, pillars and edicts on stone remain at Sanchi, Sarnath and Mathura, indicating the extent of the empire.
Emperor Aśoka the Great (304 BCE–232 BCE) was the ruler of the Maurya Empire from 273 BCE to 232 BCE.
Aśoka reigned over most of India after a series of military campaigns. Emperor Aśoka's kingdom stretched from South Asia and beyond, from present-day parts of Afghanistan in the north and Balochistan in the west, to Bengal and Assam in the east, and as far south as Mysore.
According to legend, emperor Aśoka was overwhelmed by guilt after the conquest of Kaliṅga, following which he accepted Buddhism as personal faith with the help of his Brahmin mentors Rādhāsvāmī and Mañjūśrī. Aśoka established monuments marking several significant sites in the life of Śakyamuni Buddha, and according to Buddhist tradition was closely involved in the preservation and transmission of Buddhism.
In 2018, excavations in Lalitgiri in Odisha by archaeological survey of India revealed four monasteries along with ancient seals and inscriptions which show cultural continuity from post-Mauryan period to 13 century CE. In Ratnagiri and Konark in Odisha, Buddhist history as discovered in Lalitagiri is also shared. Museum has been made to preserve the ancient history and was inaugurated recently by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Menander was the most famous Bactrian king. He ruled from Taxila and later from Sagala (Sialkot). He rebuilt Taxila (Sirkap) and Puṣkalavatī. He became Buddhist and is remembered in Buddhists records due to his discussions with a great Buddhist philosopher in the book Milinda Pañha.
By 90 BC, Parthians took control of eastern Iran and around 50 BC put an end to last remnants of Greek rule in Afghanistan. By around 7 AD, an Indo-Parthian dynasty succeeded in taking control of Gandhāra. Parthians continued to support Greek artistic traditions in Gandhara. The start of the Gandhāran Greco-Buddhist art is dated to the period between 50 BC and 75 AD.
The Kushan Empire under emperor Kaniṣka ruled the strongly Buddhist region of Gandhāra as well as other parts of northern India, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Kushan rulers were supporters of Buddhist institutions, and built numerous stupas and monasteries. During this period, Gandharan Buddhism spread through the trade routes protected by the Kushans, out through the Khyber pass into Central Asia. Gandharan Buddhist art styles also spread outward from Gandhāra to other parts of Asia.
Under the rule of the Pāla and Sena kings, large mahāvihāras flourished in what is now Bihar and Bengal. According to Tibetan sources, five great Mahāvihāras stood out: Vikramashila, the premier university of the era; Nālanda, past its prime but still illustrious, Somapura, Odantapurā, and Jaggadala. The five monasteries formed a network; "all of them were under state supervision" and there existed "a system of co-ordination among them . . it seems from the evidence that the different seats of Buddhist learning that functioned in eastern India under the Pāla were regarded together as forming a network, an interlinked group of institutions," and it was common for great scholars to move easily from position to position among them.
According to Damien Keown, the kings of the Pala dynasty (8th to 12th century, Gangetic plains region) were a major supporter of Buddhism, various Buddhist and Hindu arts, and the flow of ideas between India, Tibet and China:
During this period [Pala dynasty] Mahayana Buddhism reached its zenith of sophistication, while tantric Buddhism flourished throughout India and surrounding lands. This was also a key period for the consolidation of the epistemological-logical (pramana) school of Buddhist philosophy. Apart from the many foreign pilgrims who came to India at this time, especially from China and Tibet, there was a smaller but important flow of Indian pandits who made their way to Tibet…
—  Damien Keown,
Indian ascetics (Skt. śramaṇa) propagated Buddhism in various regions, including East Asia and Central Asia.
Mahavira in meditative posture
In the Edicts of Ashoka, Ashoka mentions the Hellenistic kings of the period as a recipient of his Buddhist proselytism. The Mahavamsa describes emissaries of Ashoka, such as Dharmaraksita, as leading Greek ("Yona") Buddhist monks, active in Buddhist proselytism.
Roman Historical accounts describe an embassy sent by the "Indian king Pandion, also named Porus," to Caesar Augustus around the 1st century. The embassy was travelling with a diplomatic letter in Greek, and one of its members was a sramana who burned himself alive in Athens, to demonstrate his faith. The event made a sensation and was described by Nicolaus of Damascus, who met the embassy at Antioch, and related by Strabo (XV,1,73) and Dio Cassius (liv, 9). A tomb was made to the sramana, still visible in the time of Plutarch, which bore the mention:
("The sramana master from Barygaza in India")
Lokaksema is the earliest known Buddhist monk to have translated Mahayana Buddhist scriptures into the Chinese language. Gandharan monks Jnanagupta and Prajna contributed through several important translations of Sanskrit sutras into Chinese language.
The Indian dhyana master Buddhabhadra was the founding abbot and patriarch of the Shaolin Temple. Buddhist monk and esoteric master from South India (6th century), Kanchipuram is regarded as the patriarch of the Ti-Lun school. Bodhidharma (c. 6th century) was the Buddhist Bhikkhu traditionally credited as the founder of Zen Buddhism in China.
In 580, Indian monk Vinītaruci travelled to Vietnam. This, then, would be the first appearance of Vietnamese Zen, or Thien Buddhism.
Padmasambhava, in Sanskrit meaning "lotus-born", is said to have brought Tantric Buddhism to Tibet in the 8th century. In Bhutan and Tibet he is better known as "Guru Rinpoche" ("Precious Master") where followers of the Nyingma school regard him as the second Buddha. Śāntarakṣita, abbot of Nālanda and founder of the Yogacara-Madhyamaka is said to have helped Padmasambhava establish Buddhism in Tibet.
Indian monk Atiśa, holder of the mind training (Tib. lojong) teachings, is considered an indirect founder of the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism. Indian monks, such as Vajrabodhi, also travelled to Indonesia to propagate Buddhism.
Further information: Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
The decline of Buddhism has been attributed to various factors. Regardless of the religious beliefs of their kings, states usually treated all the important sects relatively even-handedly. This consisted of building monasteries and religious monuments, donating property such as the income of villages for the support of monks, and exempting donated property from taxation. Donations were most often made by private persons such as wealthy merchants and female relatives of the royal family, but there were periods when the state also gave its support and protection. In the case of Buddhism, this support was particularly important because of its high level of organization and the reliance of monks on donations from the laity. State patronage of Buddhism took the form of land grant foundations.
Numerous copper plate inscriptions from India as well as Tibetan and Chinese texts suggest that the patronage of Buddhism and Buddhist monasteries in medieval India was interrupted in periods of war and political change, but broadly continued in Hindu kingdoms from the start of the common era through early 2nd millennium CE. Modern scholarship and recent translations of Tibetan and Sanskrit Buddhist text archives, preserved in Tibetan monasteries, suggest that through much of 1st millennium CE in medieval India (and Tibet as well as other parts of China), Buddhist monks owned property and were actively involved in trade and other economic activity, after joining a Buddhist monastery.
With the Gupta dynasty (~4th to 6th century), the growth in ritualistic Mahayana Buddhism, mutual influence between Hinduism and Buddhism, the differences between Buddhism and Hinduism blurred, and Vaishnavism, Shaivism and other Hindu traditions became increasingly popular, and Brahmins developed a new relationship with the state. As the system grew, Buddhist monasteries gradually lost control of land revenue. In parallel, the Gupta kings built Buddhist temples such as the one at Kushinagara, and monastic universities such as those at Nalanda, as evidenced by records left by three Chinese visitors to India.
According to Hazra, Buddhism declined in part because of the rise of the Brahmins and their influence in socio-political process. According to Randall Collins, Richard Gombrich and other scholars, Buddhism's rise or decline is not linked to Brahmins or the caste system, since Buddhism was "not a reaction to the caste system", but aimed at the salvation of those who joined its monastic order.
The 11th century Persian traveller Al-Biruni writes that there was 'cordial hatred' between the Brahmins and Sramana Buddhists. Buddhism was also weakened by rival Hindu philosophies such as Advaita Vedanta, growth in temples and an innovation of the bhakti movement. Advaita Vedanta proponent Adi Shankara is believed to have "defeated Buddhism", although he never debated with any Buddhist scholar, and established Vedanta as supreme philosophy. This rivalry undercut Buddhist patronage and popular support. The period between 400 CE and 1000 CE thus saw gains by the Vedanta school of Hinduism over Buddhism and Buddhism had vanished from Afghanistan and north India by early 11th century. India was now Brahmanic, not Buddhistic; Al-Biruni could never find a Buddhistic book or a Buddhist person in India from whom he could learn.
According to some scholars such as Lars Fogelin, the decline of Buddhism may be related to economic reasons, wherein the Buddhist monasteries with large land grants focussed on non-material pursuits, self-isolation of the monasteries, loss in internal discipline in the sangha, and a failure to efficiently operate the land they owned.
Chinese scholars travelling through the region between the 5th and 8th centuries, such as Faxian, Xuanzang, I-ching, Hui-sheng, and Sung-Yun, began to speak of a decline of the Buddhist Sangha, especially in the wake of the Hun invasion from central Asia. Xuanzang, the most famous of Chinese travellers, found "millions of monasteries" in north-western India reduced to ruins by the Huns.
The Muslim conquest of the Indian subcontinent was the first great iconoclastic invasion into South Asia. By the end of twelfth century, Buddhism had mostly disappeared, with the destruction of monasteries and stupas in medieval northwest and western India (now Pakistan and north India).
In the north-western parts of medieval India, the Himalayan regions, as well regions bordering central Asia, Buddhism once facilitated trade relations, states Lars Fogelin. With the Islamic invasion and expansion, and central Asians adopting Islam, the trade route-derived financial support sources and the economic foundations of Buddhist monasteries declined, on which the survival and growth of Buddhism was based. The arrival of Islam removed the royal patronage to the monastic tradition of Buddhism, and the replacement of Buddhists in long-distance trade by the Muslims eroded the related sources of patronage.
In the Gangetic plains, Orissa, northeast and the southern regions of India, Buddhism survived through the early centuries of the 2nd millennium CE. The Islamic invasion plundered wealth and destroyed Buddhist images, and consequent take over of land holdings of Buddhist monasteries removed one source of necessary support for the Buddhists, while the economic upheaval and new taxes on laity sapped the laity support of Buddhist monks.
Monasteries and institutions such as Nalanda were abandoned by Buddhist monks around 1200 CE, who flee to escape the invading Muslim army, after which the site decayed over the Islamic rule in India that followed.
The last empire to support Buddhism, the Pala dynasty, fell in the 12th century, and Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji, a general of the early Delhi Sultanate, destroyed monasteries and monuments and spread Islam in Bengal. According to Randall Collins, Buddhism was already declining in India before the 12th century, but with the pillage by Muslim invaders it nearly became extinct in India in the 1200s. In the 13th century, states Craig Lockard, Buddhist monks in India escaped to Tibet to escape Islamic persecution; while the monks in western India, states Peter Harvey, escaped persecution by moving to south Indian Hindu kingdoms that were able to resist the Muslim power.
Many Indian Buddhists fled south. It is known that Buddhists continued to exist in India even after the 14th century from texts such as the Chaitanya Charitamrita. This text outlines an episode in the life of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1533), a Vaisnava saint, who was said to have entered into a debate with Buddhists in Tamil Nadu.
The Tibetan Taranatha (1575–1634) wrote a history of Indian Buddhism, which mentions Buddhism as having survived in some pockets of India during his time. He mentions the Buddhist sangh as having survived in Konkana, Kalinga, Mewad, Chittor, Abu, Saurastra, Vindhya mountains, Ratnagiri, Karnataka etc. A Jain author Gunakirti (1450-1470) wrote a Marathi text, Dhamramrita, where he gives the names of 16 Buddhist orders. Dr. Johrapurkar noted that among them, the names Sataghare, Dongare, Navaghare, Kavishvar, Vasanik and Ichchhabhojanik still survive in Maharashtra as family names.
Buddhism also survived to the modern era in the Himalayan regions such as Ladakh, with close ties to Tibet. A unique tradition survives in Nepal's Newar Buddhism.
Abul Fazl, the courtier of Mughal emperor Akbar, states, "For a long time past scarce any trace of them (the Buddhists) has existed in Hindustan." When he visited Kashmir in 1597, he met with a few old men professing Buddhism, however he 'saw none among the learned'. This is can also be seen from the fact that Buddhist priests were not present amidst learned divines that came to the Ibadat Khana of Akbar at Fatehpur Sikri.
Some scholars suggest that a part of the decline of Buddhist monasteries was because it was detached from everyday life in India and did not participate in the ritual social aspects such as the rites of passage (marriage, funeral, birth of child) like other religions.
The modern revival of Buddhism in India began in the late nineteenth century, led by Buddhist modernist institutions such as the Maha Bodhi Society (1891), the Bengal Buddhist Association (1892) and the Young Men's Buddhist Association (1898). These institutions were influenced by modernist South Asian Buddhist currents such as Sri Lankan Buddhist modernism as well as Western Oriental scholarship and spiritual movements like Theosophy. A central figure of this movement was Sri Lankan Buddhist leader Anagarika Dharmapala, who founded the Maha Bodhi Society in 1891. An important focus of the Maha Bodhi Society's activities in India became the recovery, conservation and restoration of important Buddhist sites, such as Bodh Gaya and its Mahabodhi temple. Dharmapāla and the society promoted the building of Buddhist vihāras and temples in India, including the one at Sarnath, the place of Buddha's first sermon. He died in 1933, the same year he was ordained a bhikkhu.
Following Indian independence, India's ancient Buddhist heritage became an important element for nation building, and prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru looked to the Mauryan empire for symbols of pan-Indian unity which were neither Hindu nor Muslim, such as the Dhammachakra. Indian Buddhist sites also received Indian government support in preparation for the 2,500th Buddha Jayanti held in 1956, as well as providing rent free land in several pilgrimage centers for Asian Buddhist groups to build temples and rest houses.
Important Indian Buddhist intellectuals of the modern period include Rahul Sankrityayan (1893-1963), Dharmanand Kosambi (1876-1941) and Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan. The Bengal Buddhist Kripasaran Mahasthavir (1865-1926) founded the Bengal Buddhist Association in 1892. In Tamil Nadu, the Tamil Iyothee Thass (1845-1914) was a major figure who promoted Buddhism and called the Paraiyars to convert.
The Indian government and the states have continued to promote the development of Buddhist pilgrimage sites ("the Buddhist Circuit"), both as a source of tourism and as a promotion of India's Buddhist heritage which is an important cultural resource for India's foreign diplomatic ties. Another recent development is the establishment of the new Nalanda University in Bihar (2010).
Main articles: Dalit Buddhist movement and Navayana
In the 1950s, the Dalit political leader B. R. Ambedkar (1891-1956) influenced by his reading of Pali sources and Indian Buddhists like Dharmanand Kosambi and Lakshmi Narasu, began promoting conversion to Buddhism for Indian low caste Dalits. His Dalit Buddhist Movement was most successful in the Indian states of Maharashtra, which saw large scale conversions. Ambedkar's "Neo Buddhism" included a strong element of social and political protest against Hinduism and the Indian caste system. His magnum opus, The Buddha and His Dhamma, incorporated Marxist ideas of class struggle into Buddhist views of dukkha and argued that Buddhist morality could be used to "reconstruct society and to build up a modern, progressive society of justice, equality, and freedom".
The conversion movement has generally been limited to certain social demographics, such as the Mahar caste of Maharashtra and the Jatavs. Although they have renounced Hinduism in practice, a community survey showed adherence to many practices of the old faith including endogamy, worshipping the traditional family deity etc.
Major organizations of this movement are the Buddhist Society of India (the Bharatiya Bauddha Mahasabha) and the Triratna Buddhist Community (the Triratna Bauddha Mahasangha).
Tibetan Buddhism has also grown in India during the modern era, mainly due to the growth of the Tibetan Diaspora. The arrival of the 14th Dalai Lama with over 85,000 Tibetan refugees 1959 had a significant impact on the revival of Buddhism in India. Large numbers of Tibetans settled in Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh, which became the headquarters of the Tibetan Government in Exile. Another large Tibetan refugee settlement is in Bylakuppe, Karnataka. Tibetan refugees also contributed to the revitalization of the Buddhist traditions in Himalayan regions such as Lahaul and Spiti district, Ladakh, Tawang and Bomdila. Tibetan Buddhists have also contributed to the building of temples and institutions in the Buddhist sites and ruins of India.
The Dalai Lama's brother, Gyalo Thondup, himself lives in Kalimpong and his wife established the Tibetan Refugee Centre in Darjeeling . The 17th Karmapa also arrived in India in 2000 and continues education and has taken traditional role to head Karma Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism and every year leads the Kagyu Monlam in Bodh Gaya attended by thousands of monks and followers. Palpung Sherabling monastery seat of the 12th Tai Situpa located in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh is the largest Kagyu monastery in India and has become an important centre of Tibetan Buddhism. Penor Rinpoche, the head of Nyingma, the ancient school of Tibetan Buddhism re-established a Nyingma monastery in Bylakuppe, Mysore. This is the largest Nyingma monastery today. Monks from Himalayan regions of India, Nepal, Bhutan and from Tibet join this monastery for their higher education. Penor Rinpoche also founded Thubten Lekshey Ling, a dharma center for lay practitioners in Bangalore. Vajrayana Buddhism and Dzogchen (maha-sandhi) meditation again became accessible to aspirants in India after that.
The Vipassana movement is a modern tradition of Buddhist meditation practice. In India, the most influential Vipassana organization is the Vipassana Research Institute founded by S.N. Goenka (1924-2013) who promoted Buddhist Vipassana meditation in a modern and non-sectarian manner. Goenka's network of meditation centers who offered 10 day retreats. Many institutions—both government and private sector—now offer courses for their employees. This form is mainly practiced by elite and middle class Indians. This movement has spread to many other countries in Europe, America and Asia. In November 2008, the construction of the Global Vipassana Pagoda was completed on the outskirts of Mumbai.
Marathi Buddhists (including Mahar) is the most populous Buddhist community in India. is Various indigenous ethnic Buddhist communities such as the Sherpas, Bhutias, Lepchas, Tamangs, Yolmos, and ethnic Tibetans can be found in the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region.
Beda people : The Beda people are an Buddhist community of the Indian union territory of Ladakh, where they practise their traditional occupation of musicianship.
Bengali Buddhists: Bengali Buddhist people mainly live in Bangladesh (500,000), and Indian states West Bengal (282,898) and Tripura (125,182). Bengali Buddhists are followers of Therevada Buddhism.
Bhotiya
Bhutia
Bodh people
Chakma people
Chugpa tribe
Gurung people
Khamba people
Khamti people
Khamyang people
Lepcha people
Lishipa tribe
Marathi Buddhists
Na people
Rakhine people
Sherpa people
Tai Phake people
Tamang people
Indian Buddhists celebrate many festivals. Ambedkar Jayanti, Dhammachakra Pravartan Day and Buddha's Birthday are three major festivals of Navayana Buddhists. Traditional Buddhists celebrate Losar, Buddha Purnima and other festivals.
Ambedkar Jayanti (Ambedkar's birthday): Ambedkar Jayanti is a major Buddhist festival in India. The annual festival observed on 14 April to commemorate the memory of B. R. Ambedkar. Ambedkar was a Buddhist spiritual leader and he revivaled Buddhism in India. Ambedkar Jayanti is celebrated not just in India rather all around the world. Ambedkar Jayanti processions are carried out by his Buddhist followers at Chaitya Bhoomi in Mumbai and Deeksha Bhoomi in Nagpur. Large numbers of Indian Buddhist people visit viharas and local statues commemorating Ambedkar in procession with lot of fanfare.
Dhammachakra Pravartan Day is a day to celebrate the Buddhist conversion of Ambedkar and approximately 600,000 followers on 14 October 1956 at Deekshabhoomi. Every year on Ashoka Vijayadashami, millions of Buddhists gather at Deekshabhoomi to celebrate the mass conversion. Many Buddhist also visit there local Buddhist sites to celebrate the festival. Every year on the day, thousand of people embrace Buddhism.
Index of Buddhism-related articles
Religion in India
Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India
Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh
Buddhism in Kashmir
Buddhism in North Karnataka
Secular Buddhism
Next story Miracles of Gautama Buddha
Previous story Schools of Buddhism

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package com.jlsites.demo.classroom.client.ui;

import com.google.gwt.core.client.GWT;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.ClickEvent;
import com.google.gwt.uibinder.client.UiBinder;
import com.google.gwt.uibinder.client.UiField;
import com.google.gwt.uibinder.client.UiHandler;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.Window;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.Anchor;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.Composite;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.Widget;
import com.jlsites.demo.core.client.AboutDialog;

/**
 * The top panel, which contains the 'welcome' message and various links.
 */
public class TopPanel extends Composite {

	interface Binder extends UiBinder<Widget, TopPanel> {
	}

	private static final Binder binder = GWT.create(Binder.class);

	@UiField
	Anchor signOutLink;
	@UiField
	Anchor aboutLink;

	public TopPanel() {
		initWidget(binder.createAndBindUi(this));
	}

	@UiHandler("aboutLink")
	void onAboutClicked(ClickEvent event) {
		// When the 'About' item is selected, show the AboutDialog.
		// Note that showing a dialog box does not block -- execution continues
		// normally, and the dialog fires an event when it is closed.
		AboutDialog dlg = new AboutDialog();
		dlg.show();
		dlg.center();
	}

	@UiHandler("signOutLink")
	void onSignOutClicked(ClickEvent event) {
		Window.alert("If this were implemented, you would be signed out now.");
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Go on, tell me you don't see it
Hey y'all — this photo has been floating around the blogosphere for as long as I can remember. I have no idea who it is, or what it's from. Does anyone know? But actually, that's not what I wanted to ask you.
Am I the only one who looks at this guy and instantly thinks, "Hey, that looks like Weird Al Yankovic"?
Here's a photo of the real deal, for reference:
Maybe his next parody of "Beat It" should be "Spank It," huh? 😀
12 thoughts on "Go on, tell me you don't see it"
Master Grey on May 22, 2014 at 9:44 am said:
Seen it a few times over the years. I am sure it is from Kane or some similar magazine and yes, he DOES look like Weird Al. You are not the only one. (And he already made "Eat It" but I like your idea for a video much better. You can be the star, of course, but not with Weird Al spanking you. That would NOT be a turn on.)
Kelly on May 22, 2014 at 9:47 am said:
Weird Al Spankovic.
I never pictured him as a "dominate." LOL!!!!
Anonymous on May 22, 2014 at 11:34 am said:
I have the video, actually had the video. It's on a flash driver that failed about a year ago along with everything else I had. Judging by the clothes and glasses, it might even be late 70's and I thought it was a Nu-West production. The plot was something like stepdaughter blows curfew and stepfather spanks her mother for not disciplining daughter. He then spanks step daughter when she gets home (pictured). Later mother spanks the daughter for blowing curfew. This is roughly the plot as I remember it. Good luck
The fox.
Al on May 22, 2014 at 1:10 pm said:
Not so much Weird Al as Kinky Al…
jadelyn1975 on May 22, 2014 at 2:18 pm said:
Hi Erica — I agree he does look like Weird Al, LOL, He looks sort of creepy, I wouldn't want to be spanked by him LMAO 🙂 Much Love and hugs from naughty girl Jade
Erica on May 22, 2014 at 3:49 pm said:
Master Grey — yeah, I think I'd pass on that!
Kelly — Spankovic! HA!
Fox — yeah, I had glasses like that in the late 70s – early 80s.
Al — no, you're Kinky Al! 😉
Jade — that's an old picture of Weird Al. He looks even creepier now!
Natasha Knight on May 23, 2014 at 3:20 am said:
It's totally weird Al! HA!!!
Erica on May 23, 2014 at 9:54 am said:
Natasha — the only difference I see is that his hair is straight! 😀
Guvnor on May 25, 2014 at 2:35 am said:
Looks Ol' Al ain't so weird after all 🙂
Guvnor — not for us, anyway. 🙂
Craig Aych on May 26, 2014 at 1:19 pm said:
Doppelgänger.
Craig — yup. Nice umlaut!


Greig de Peuter, Nicole Cohen, and Enda Brophy (2012) "Interns, Unite! You have Nothing to Lose (Literally)", Briarpatch, November/December, 8-12.
This was one of the more colourful slogans scrawled on a sign at the peak of the Occupy movement. Held up by young people who stand to lose large from financial-crisis fallout, placards like these are refreshingly frank refusals of the mantra that we must be willing to do "more for less" nowadays. A 21st-century update on Bartleby's famous reply to the duties assigned by his boss – "I'd prefer not to" – the intern invective expresses the frustration bubbling among youth facing mounting student debt and diminishing prospects for employment.
If decent, full-time work is getting harder to come by, the same can't be said for internships, whether unpaid or barely paid. Internships received a slew of media attention after Ross Perlin published his exposé, Intern Nation: How to Earn Nothing and Learn Little in the Brave New Economy. Less attention has been paid to the swell of activism confronting exploitative internships and the cultural conditions that condone them. From street protests to online campaigns, the emerging intern activism is one part of the wider effort by fresh actors to reformat labour politics for precarious times.


Topping the Korean box office in its opening weekend with over 600,000 admissions, What A Man Wantsis a hilarious comedy about the complicated relationships between a middle-aged man, his sister, brother-in-law and their new housemaid. Set on Jeju Island, the cleverly-penned laffer boasts a stellar ensemble cast including Lee Sung-min (Real), Jang Young-nam (Ode to my Father), Shin Ha-kyun (The Villainess), Song Ji-hyo (from the popular variety show Running Man) and EL(Inside Men).
Middle-aged taxi driver Seok-geun (Lee) constantly cheats on his wife Dam-deok (Jang) and fawns over women half his age.
Mi-young (Song) is Seok-geun's younger sister. She is married to Bong-soo (Shin) and they live next door to her brother and his wife. Mi-young and Bong-soo own an Italian restaurant but the business is not doing well, as is their marriage.


I don't like copying from Wikipedia but its the only bio there is.
He also wrote a 32-page pamphlet called "The Writings of Volunteer Philip Clarke, The Omagh Prisoner" around the time of his election and it was banned by the Gov't.
Philip Christopher Clarke (born 1933, date of death unknown) was an Irish Republican Army member and politician.
Clarke was born in Dublin. A civil servant and an evening student at University College Dublin, Clarke joined the Irish Republican Army and was captured after the IRA raided a British Army barracks in Omagh, County Tyrone. He was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment.
In the 1955 UK General Election, Clarke was elected MP for the Fermanagh and South Tyrone constituency, winning 30,529 votes, and becoming the youngest MP at the time. As Clarke was in prison at the time of his election, serving ten years for a treason felony, his opponent, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Grosvenor, lodged a petition to have him unseated.
The case appeared before the Northern Ireland High Court in August 1955. On 2 September, the court ruled that Clarke was ineligible for election and his Unionist opponent was declared duly elected.
When the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland issued an explicit condemnation of IRA violence in January 1956, Clarke severed his connections with the IRA. He petitioned for remission of his sentence in 1958, and was released from jail on 18 December 1958 after the Governor of Northern Ireland Lord Wakehurst exercised his prerogative of mercy.
When the House of Commons Library updated its list of previous Members of Parliament in 2010, Clarke was listed as having died, although the date of his death was not recorded.
'Members 1979-2010', House of Commons Library Research Paper 10/33, p. 197.
"8 Men Sentenced For Barracks Raid", The Times, 16 December 1954, p. 5.
"Move to unseat M.P.", The Times, 7 June 1955, p. 3.
"Imprisoned Man Not An M.P.", The Times, 3 September 1955, p. 4.
"Barracks Raid Men Freed", The Times, 19 December 1958, p. 5.


If you're in the market to buy a carwash, you've come to the right place! We are currently listing 27 car washes for sale. As the world's largest business brokerage firm, Sunbelt Business Brokers works with a variety of car wash businesses for lease and for sale. In addition to listing mobile car washes for sale, our brokers also list car washes for lease. If you're interested in learning more about Sunbelt's self-service car washes for sale or need assistance when buying a car wash and lube business, please contact your local Sunbelt Business Brokers office. We look forward to finding a business that fits your wants, needs, and lifestyle.
Super America Speedway Gas Station, Convenience Store, Car Wash, Full Kitchen and Real Estate.


Smart is the new Green. In the past decades, sustainability was a returning subject everywhere. In politics, business, everywhere. We all knew something had to be done in order to save the planet and to survive here. Many sustainable projects were thought of and executed, on an international, national, local and individual level. There was one problem, the 'ROI' for sustainable solutions was too low for all the levels mentioned. But there is a huge ROI for smart solutions. The megatrend of the last decade — Green products — will be replaced in this decade by Smart products and services.
Yes, we all knew something had to change. Humanity has to behave differently should we want to hand over this planet in a sound way to the generations to come. But again, what was in it for us? Human psychology works in such a way that 'doing something good for the planet' did not have enough impact in order for us to massively change in the way we act. And perhaps, working on green solutions was more for corporate social responsibility and image.
But now there is a shift. Mukti Mitchell, Smart Home' pioneer, puts it this way: "Smart Living is a step forward from 'green' because it puts our own self interests first. As the Dalai Lama says, "Be wisely selfish". It's about making ethical, sustainable choices that come back to hug us rather than haunt us – choices that achieve everything we want at once – inner happiness, physical health, vibrant communities, happy cities and a happy planet." If positive actions also have a direct ROI for oneself, people are much more motivated. The power of many will take care of the rest.
The natural evolution of green products and services will be into smart products and services, with intelligent sensing technology and Internet connectivity driving better optimization. Smart cities are expected to create huge business opportunities, with a multi-trillion market value by 2020. And companies implementing smart solutions can earn lots of money by stepping into this market. In fact, these are the top ten companies who are getting the largest pieces of this pie.
According to Sarwant Singh, contrary to green products, "Smart products—like smart grids, smart meters, and smart buildings—have a ROI of three to five years and provide higher-efficiency returns then green products.
Take note: the smart concept will enter our lives rapidly, all concepts to make our lives better, and which are merely also good for the planet, but have a direct positive impact on individual lives. And that is good.
*) This article was written by Egbert van Keulen. Egbert van Keulen is Community Manager for Smart City Hub and Manager Expert Content at Emerce.nl. Egbert is eBay-veteran and co-founder of online language lessons platform Myngle.com.


text:
https://www.nhregister.com/news/article/Alleged-Newtown-killer-s-mom-got-more-than-11514822.php
Alleged Newtown killer's mom got more than $250,000 alimony a year
Michelle Tuccitto Sullo, Investigations Editor
Published 12:00 am EST, Monday, December 17, 2012
When Newtown school shooter Adam Lanza's parents divorced three years ago, the settlement agreement left his mother, shooting victim Nancy Lanza, with a hefty annual alimony payment, according to court documents.
But there is nothing in those documents to foreshadow the events of Friday, when Adam fatally shot his mother at home, then 20 children and six adults at the Sandy Hook Elementary School. When police arrived, Adam fatally shot himself.
Nancy Lanza filed for divorce from Peter Lanza in 2008, after 27 years of marriage, citing an irretrievable breakdown of the marriage, according to a divorce judgment on file in Superior Court in Stamford.
When the divorce was finalized in September 2009, Adam Lanza was 17 years old. The couple had two sons; their other son is Ryan Lanza.
In 2010, Nancy Lanza was to receive $240,000 for the year. In 2011, alimony increased to $265,000, followed by $289,800 in 2012. By 2015, the amount was to be $298,800. From 2016 to 2023, it was to be adjusted annually for cost of living, then it was to be modified after Peter Lanza retired.
Alimony would terminate in the case of the death of either party, court documents show.
The agreement was for the couple to have joint legal custody of Adam, and they were to consult with each other on any major decisions about him, such as any decisions about his education and medical care.
There is no mention in the divorce documents about any mental health issues or problems with Adam Lanza.
Peter Lanza agreed to pay for the children's college expenses, and he agreed to provide a car for Adam.
Paula Levy, a mediator who worked with the couple during their divorce, told the Associated Press that Nancy didn't like to leave her youngest son alone, and the couple mentioned Adam had been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder which can lead to difficulties in relating to others. Levy indicated the Lanzas were loving parents who wanted the best for their son.
"These people are soft-spoken, gentle, both of them saying, 'What can we do to help (Adam)?'" Levy said.
The plan was for Adam to live primarily with his mother, and his father to have liberal visitation and vacations, the divorce file shows. Only Adam was still a minor at the time the couple divorced. Any decisions about Adam's health, education and religious upbringing would be made by his mother, after consulting with his father. In the case of any disagreement, Nancy would make the final decision.
In 2009, Nancy Lanza reported no income, while Peter Lanza reported $8,556 a week, or $444,912 gross annual income. Peter Lanza works at General Electric, with his LinkedIn profile describing his current role as tax director.
The couple agreed to divide their personal property in a fair and equitable manner, with each retaining their own clothing, jewelry and personal effects. They agreed to share photographs and memorabilia. They had season tickets to Red Sox baseball games, and agreed to alternate attending them.
Nancy Lanza got the house at 36 Yogananda St., Sandy Hook, where she was found shot to death, in the divorce.
Both Nancy and Peter Lanza took part in a week-long parenting education program with the Family Centers Inc. in Stamford, court documents show. Such programs are standard practice for divorcing couples with minor children in the state.
Attorney Anthony Piazza of Stamford's law firm, which represented Nancy Lanza, issued the following statement via email Monday:
"The Law Firm of Piazza, Simmons & Grant represented the late Nancy Lanza in the dissolution of her marriage in 2009," the statement reads. "Nancy Lanza in our dealing with her was always courteous and polite. She was an intelligent woman who we were pleased to represent. We extend our deeply heartfelt sympathy and sorrow for all the families which have been impacted by the tragic events of the past several days."
The firm refused to comment on the amount of the alimony, when asked whether it is a particularly high figure.
Attorney Gary Oberst of Norwalk, who represented Peter Lanza in the divorce proceeding, declined to comment.
The couple had married in Kingston, N.H., in 1981, and first their son Ryan was born in 1988, followed by Adam in 1992.


On joining this Firm, you will be working with a friendly and supportive team and will focus on a range of M&A, PE, Fund Raising and Joint Venture work with high-profile, international Corporates.
The firm is also renowned for ensuring its associates are continually trained and mentored throughout their careers to develop the relevant skill-set needed to achieve their goals.
Qualified in England and Wales.
Please get in touch straight away if you are interested in this opportunity - daniel.reilly@pro-legal.co.uk / 020 7269 6317.


text:
IT Services is a part of the College of Liberal Arts Information Technology team dedicated to providing the technology needed to help students, staff, and faculty succeed throughout the college.
Bryan Gillispie
Director, I.T.
Bonnie Botello
Search our self-help guides or open a ticket
Find more information on how to purchase new hardware and what to do with old hardware when it no longer functions or has become out-dated.
View the list of standard software installed on all computers, as well as specialized software that can be purchased through your department.
Onsite, and remote, support offered for CLA-owned technology, including computers, printers, monitors, peripherals, and select mobile devices.
Learn more about the process of a scheduled computer replacement, and access our Computer Replacement Audit Sheet when your department is in its computer replacement cycle.
Find security tips, and learn more about security policies and recommended practices.
Guides and other reference materials to show how to resolve common issues.
CLA Server & Storage Outage
By Bryan Gillispie	| March 15, 2019
CLA Server & Storage Maintenance
By Bryan Gillispie	| March 7, 2018
We are located in the Dean's office,
C-138, of Clark and are open Monday through Friday, 8:00am - 4:30pm
Email - Open a Support Ticket
helplibarts@mail.colostate.edu


The Mexico Area Family YMCA is pleased to announce and welcome Debbie Hopke as the Branch Director for the Eastern Missouri Family YMCA in Vandalia.
As the Director, Hopke will oversee all branch operations. She will also focus on developing community partnerships and raising funds for the YMCA.
Lori Brandow, CEO of The Mexico Area Family YMCA, said Hopke is the perfect person for this position. "Debbie's broad range of experience, dedication to our mission, and passion for the communities this Y will serve is why she will be a great asset to our association," Mexico Area Family YMCA CEO Lori Brandow said.
Debbie brings more than 35 years of management experience to the YMCA with emphasis in purchasing, marketing, customer service, human resources, and budgeting.
Debbie has been involved with the YMCA since the feasibility committee formed in 2011. She led the operations/sustainability task force for the original YMCA Steering Committee and has been an active member of the Vandalia Recreation Corporation Board for several years. Debbie serves as an Alderman for Ward 3, in Vandalia.
Debbie and her husband Daryl both grew up in Laddonia and have lived in Vandalia since 1981. They have two married daughters and two granddaughters.
Debbie is looking forward to her new role at the Eastern MO Family YMCA.


text:
IMI: Apprenticeships Aren't a Second Class Career Route
May 2, 2018 PARN Sector Comment
Did you know that only 1 in 5 11-15 year olds would choose to complete an apprenticeship after leaving school?
Following National Careers Week last month (5th – 9th March 2018), motor industry body, Institute of the Motor Industry (IMI), is highlighting the need for better understanding and communication – amongst schools and employers – about the career choices available to young people through apprenticeships.
This follows Prime Minister Theresa May's comments to 'throw away this outdated attitude' towards technical education, and to have 'an education system at all levels which services the needs of every child'.
According to research* commissioned by the IMI, the majority of 11-15 year olds receive little to no careers advice whilst at school – even though over 60% of teenagers said they wanted to jump straight into work and start earning money to avoid the growing debt associated with a university degree. But only 1 in 5 said they would choose an apprenticeship after leaving school.
Without good quality careers advice in schools, young people aren't being made aware of the variety of choices available to them, which ultimately means the majority of young people choose the more popular academic route. The IMI is, therefore, urging automotive businesses to connect with local schools to provide information on future jobs and learning, outside of the more familiar university route.
Most people don't realise that there are over 150 different job roles in a retail dealership alone. This means that there are multiple career opportunities accessible through a wide variety of high quality, skilled apprenticeship programmes. And automotive businesses need to develop significant numbers of talented young people to guarantee the future of their business in what is increasingly a high-tech sector.
Steve Nash, Chief Executive at the IMI, said:
"Many people aren't aware that well-known names like Sir Alex Ferguson, the most successful football manager of all time, Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and Ross Brawn OBE, Formula One Managing Director of Motorsports, all began their career as an apprentice. And National Careers Week provides automotive businesses with an opportunity to engage with young people by giving them a chance to understand the vast array of opportunities available to them after GCSE's.
"The motor industry has long been a shining beacon for the apprenticeship model. The sector has relied heavily on apprentices to evolve our workforces and keep up with new innovations. With businesses now at the heart of apprenticeships following the introduction of the Apprenticeship Levy and new Apprenticeship Standards, it's vital that information is provided to teachers and schools, so that they can positively influence young people when they come to making decisions about their career and future learning.
"We're seeing a welcome focus on vocational training after government committed to transforming apprenticeships, with the aim to make them more inclusive and diverse. But there is still a lot of work to be done to ensure young people and, crucially, their parents too, understand the opportunities available to them – to help businesses in our sector to recruit and train talented youngsters who can see us into an exciting future of electrified and autonomous vehicles."
*Research commissioned by the Institute of the Motor Industry by Vital Research
Visit the IMI website to find out more
Previous Post:CISI: Does Whistleblowing Have To End Badly?
Next Post:CEO Blog: Stepping out of my comfort zone at the Royal Albert Hall!


text:
Religious Studies KS3 / GCSE: St. Augustine and the concept of Original Sin - BBC Teach
Skillswise
Religious Studies KS3 / GCSE: St. Augustine and the concept of Original Sin
BBC Teach > Secondary Resources
The religious background to Original Sin is explained by Bettany Hughes.
She gives a brief summary of the early life of St. Augustine and the contrast with his life after baptism into the Christian faith.
Augustine's concept of Original Sin is explained by reference to the story of Adam and Eve.
Bettany looks at the implications this has for attitudes towards women and sexual relationships.
This is from the series: Divine Women
Students could be asked to assess what the concept of Original Sin might mean for attitudes to women in the workplace, in marriage, and in the Church.
Students might be asked to reflect on what Augustine felt was the cause of moral evil in the world.
Students could be asked to examine and debate whether the story of Adam and Eve is to be understood literally.
Curriculum Notes
This clip will be relevant for teaching Religious Studies at KS3, KS4, and GCSE in England and Northern Ireland.
Also KS4 and GCSE in Wales and at 3rd and 4th Level in Scotland.
This topic appears in OCR, Edexcel, AQA, WJEC, CCEA and SQA
More from the series: Divine Women
Khadija and the founding of Islam
The life and role of Khadija in the founding of Islam is examined by Bettany Hughes.
Should women be priests?
Bettany Hughes outlines the background to the debate on whether women can be priests or bishops.
Taking part in the Durga Puja
Bettany Hughes visits the Kamakhya Temple to learn about the Durga Puja.


text:
What is a testable claim » « Stuck with our dimension's annoying laws of time and space
If you don't want abuse, get off the internet, India edition
It's so familiar. Sagarika Ghose, an Indian journalist and tv news anchor, got threats to herself and her daughter.
"Targeting me for my journalism is fine. But when it is sexist and foul-mouthed abuse which insults my gender identity I get incredibly angry. In the beginning I used to retaliate, but that would lead to more abuse."
Ms Ghose says women abused on Twitter in India tend to to be "liberal and secular".
"The abusers are right wing nationalists, angry at women speaking their mind. They have even coined a term for us – 'sickular'."
So many people are angry at women speaking their minds.
Kavita Krishnan, a prominent Delhi-based women's activist, was attacked viciously during a recent online chat on violence against women on Rediff.com, one of India's leading news websites.
"It began well. I had answered a few interesting questions. And then one person, with the handle @RAPIST, started posting abusive comments. He then asked me where he could come to rape me using a condom," she said.
She says she decided to leave the chat after the abuse continued.
So @RAPIST won and she lost.
Writer-activist Meena Kandasamy chose to go to the police when she faced sexist abuse online.
Last year, she had tweeted about a beef-eating festival at a university in the city of Hyderabad after which she was threatened with "live-telecasted gang-rape and being torched alive and acid attacks".
K Jaishankar, a teacher of criminology who has been studying bullying, stalking and defamation of women online, says India's "patriarchal mindset has pervaded the internet space".
"Men don't like women to talk back. Public personalities who express strong opinions are trolled in a bid to force them off line," he says.
So, very, familiar.
H/t Scr… Archivist
Ulysses says
That seems so familiar. I wonder if Vacula & Co. are considering outsourcing their harassment to India.
Ophelia Benson says
Gretchen Robinson says
the goal is to silence women and treat us thereafter as things, objects to be used and discarded.
It's in every country. In Great Britain it's the many pubs called the Silent Woman and a swinging double-sided sign of a headless woman.
So are the many stories of punishing people by cutting out their tongues out throughout the centuries of western Christianity. Those images and tropes ride along in our unconscious. We women too often play it safe but in this time we have more freedom to speak on the internet but the misogynists are in high gear.
Never be a silent woman. Risk every day. Unless you are in a threatening culture or country. Remember there is safety in numbers.
read Dana Crowley Jack—Silencing the Self: Women and Depression. We are silenced when we lose self esteem or never gain our confidence.
Aratina Cage says
Very, try as they will to deny it.
'dirigible says
"In Great Britain it's the many pubs called the Silent Woman and a swinging double-sided sign of a headless woman."
I'd never encountered this before. Wikipedia sa:
"Silent Woman, Quiet Lady or Headless Woman: The origin is uncertain, with various local stories, such as a landlady whose tongue was cut out by smugglers so she couldn't talk to the authorities,[14] or a saint beheaded for her Christianity.[15] The pub signs sometimes have an image of a decapitated woman or the couplet: "Here is a woman who has lost her head / She's quiet now—you see she's dead".[15]"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pub_names
bonobrat says
There is currently a Silent Woman restaurant in Fennimore, Wisconsin (it reopened under that name in 2011 after a hiatus). There was another one in Waterville, Maine that closed only in the mid-1980s.
That phrase is also the subtitle of a play by Shakespeare contemporary Ben Jonson, which might explain part of its popularity in the U.K.
Tim Harris says
Jonson's 'Silent Woman' was of course a boy.


Building community for your crowdfunding campaign is one of the most overlooked but critical aspects of raising money online.
The explosion in crowdfunding, especially for rewards-based projects, over the last several years has made people think that raising money is as simple as posting a project on one of the popular sites. A couple of days are spent putting together a proposal and a brief budget. The project is posted and the entrepreneur waits for the money to roll in.
And then they wait, and wait, and wait until they reach the project deadline and close it out discouraged. This is what happens to more than 60% of projects.
Why? In crowdfunding, just because you build it does not necessarily mean backers will come.
What is Community in Crowdfunding?
One of the biggest mistakes crowdfunders make is that of not creating a community, rather than an audience. Marketing classes in school are singularly focused on 'reaching your audience' and getting your message across. The average American sees as many as 4,000 ads a day; so many that we have learned to subconsciously ignore them. Billion-dollar corporations pay big bucks just to break through that subconscious roadblock and get the message across to their target audience.
Buy you don't have a billion dollars. If you cannot reach hundreds of thousands with traditional marketing mega-bucks then you need the power of building community in crowdfunding. This is something I talked about in another post about getting the most from your crowdfunding marketing.
Understand that building community in crowdfunding is more than just getting people to click that they 'Like' your Facebook page. Building a community is about establishing a relationship through interaction and trust. It is about sharing real value and goals. When your crowdfunding community shares your vision and your goals for the project, they'll push just as hard as you do to reach the funding goal.
Communication is the key to building community in crowdfunding. We've all been there. You just put down a big chunk of money for something and now you are wondering if it was a mistake. Buyer's remorse!
You need to contact each of your funders to your project as soon as possible after they donate or invest. Reinforce those ideas that led them to donate or invest and overcome their buyer's remorse. This is most easily done with an auto-respond message that strikes an emotional cord and hits on your key points. If you really want to build community though, aim for a personal call within 24 hours. I like the iContact.com email service for its extra features beyond the standard autoresponder, plus it offers a free 30-day trial so there's no risk.
Try iContact for 30 days Free!
It doesn't stop there. Plan a series of contacts that you go through with every funder. Follow the call with an email the next day that addresses any questions (you need to ask them and be listening for any doubts or questions) and reinforces the key points in your project. The longer you can keep that emotional appeal in their mind, the more they will grow to support your project.
After your initial contact and email, give them a few days then send another email asking for a favor. Make it something relatively small like sharing an email with three of their closest friends. The more someone does for your project, the more they share themselves, then the closer they will feel to the project and will make its goals their own.
If you get a rejection to your request or the funder did not follow through with it, ask for something else. Researchers at Stanford found that people are much more likely to say yes to a favor after rejecting an initial request. We have an inner need to be liked and help others. The guilt of rejecting someone not once, but twice is too much for many people.
After a request or two, gauge your supporter's commitment with another phone call. Talk to them about a problem you have been experiencing and ask their advice. You may even go so far as to ask them to help review or revise a detail of the project. Anything to make them feel that they are a part of the project, that they have a level of ownership and a motive to get it funded.
If they are eager to help, they may be ready for a bigger role in the community. Talk to them about how important it is to get 'our' project funded and how it will make a difference. Talk with them about how important it is that other people know of the project.
Overcome your natural hesitation to be "pushy," there's no place for it as a small business owner. If you are truly passionate about your company or cause, it will show through and your perseverance will pay off.
Some in your community will become independent marketers and will need less reinforcement or guidance. You'll still need to touch base every once in a while to keep them motivated and involved but the interaction will be minimal to the benefit they will bring. Others in your community will be just as enthusiastic but will need more guidance.
They say that a person needs to see something seven times before it is converted to long-term memory. With social media and the onslaught of virtual requests on the internet, I would bet this number is much higher. That is why you have to make your social networking campaign completely integrated and redundant. This kind of social media engagement would be impossible without a social media management tool like Hootsuite Pro . The site allows you to link all your social media accounts and schedule messages from one page. You can even reply to messages from the dashboard making social media marketing much faster and easier.
Comment on blog posts of subjects related to your project and provide a link back to your website or campaign. Make sure your comment is relevant to the blog post or it could be considered as spam.
Watch out for crowdfunding promotion and consultants that promise the world. I wrote about how to avoid crowdfunding promotion scams in another post.
Provide a virtual button to funders that says, "I support project XYZ," and ask them to display it in their email signature and on their social networking pages. This can be a string of text that links to your project page but a small image works best.
Depending on the geographical reach of your community, you may be able to meet face-to-face with the most motivated in your group. A personal visit is even more powerful in our world of clicks and likes. Try working your way up from a quick coffee to helping them host a dinner party to reach out to others.
If you have the ability and budget, a forum on your website can be a giant leap to building community. This will not only help exchange ideas but will help your community motivate each other with less direction from you.
Your own budget and how many supporters you need will determine how you build your community. The best method is through regular phone calls and personalized emails but this may not be possible with a small budget and many funders. If your budget supports it, try hiring someone to help make those community contacts but make sure they share your passion for the project.
Ready to start crowdfunding? Check out the Ultimate List of Crowdfunding and Fundraising Websites.
Crowdfunding doesn't stop at raising money and your community won't just disappear when the campaign closes. Leverage your success to bring more people to your business website or to raise more money on new projects. Crowdfunding is a marketing phenomenon, allowing regular people to reach thousands and hundreds of thousands with their message and without spending billions in advertising.
Great post and as a crowdfunding consultant and campaign manager it is a true mystery to me that people don't have time to build community through engagement. Just posting and expecting the dollars to roll in is an illusion, that will soon be broken by the delusion shattering impact of a failed campaign. I once worked on a campaign that had 8,000 likes, but no conversion because of lack of engagement.
Absolutely Bill. Crowdfunding can be a huge opportunity for small business and creative projects but its not free money. You've got to treat it like a job with several layers of marketing. Thanks for the comment.


text:
1Background
2Reception
2.1Critical response
2.2Commercial performance
2.3Accolades
3Track listing
4Personnel
5Charts
6Certifications
Dry (album)
1992 studio album by PJ Harvey
Studio album by
September–December 1991
The Icehouse, Yeovil, United Kingdom
Alternative rock[1]
indie rock[2]
blues rock[3]
Too Pure
Rob Ellis
PJ Harvey chronology
(1992) Rid of Me
Singles from Dry
"Dress"
"Sheela-Na-Gig"
Released: February 1992
Dry is the debut studio album by the band PJ Harvey, fronted by English singer-songwriter and musician PJ Harvey, released on Too Pure Records on 30 March 1992.[4] The album was recorded at The Icehouse, a local studio in Yeovil, United Kingdom. The first 5000 LPs and first 1000 CDs included demo versions of the album's tracks and Dry was subsequently released in the United States on Indigo Records in the US. Both versions were released in 1992. Dry was reissued on vinyl and CD in July 2020: an 11-track companion album collecting all of the demos titled Dry - Demos was also released on vinyl as a stand-alone record.
Speaking to Filter magazine in 2004, Harvey said of her debut album: "Dry is the first chance I ever had to make a record and I thought it would be my last. So, I put everything I had into it. It was a very extreme record. It was a great joy for me to be able to make it. I never thought I'd have that opportunity, so I felt like I had to get everything on it as well as I possibly could, because it was probably my only chance. It felt very extreme for that reason."
"Water"
from Dry (1992)
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Professional ratings
AllMusic [5]
Chicago Tribune [6]
Entertainment Weekly A+[7]
Los Angeles Times [8]
NME 9/10[9]
Pitchfork 9.2/10[10]
Q [11]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide [12]
Select 4/5[13]
The Village Voice A−[14]
Upon its release Dry received critical acclaim.[15] In a nine-out-of-ten review for NME, critic Andrew Collins called the album a collection of "clever, repetitive, low-slung guitar poems" and said "Polly dredges these sounds from the pit of her dissected soul and drags them out of her mouth with clenched fists."[9] Chicago Tribune reviewer Greg Kot referred to Dry as "jagged, lacerating and sexy in a disorienting sort of way" and likened the album to Broken English by Marianne Faithfull and Horses by Patti Smith; Kot awarded the album three-and-a-half-out-of-four stars, further stating "the best band out of the U.K. at the moment isn't another My Bloody Valentine guitar clone".[6] Writing for Entertainment Weekly, Billy Wyman described Dry as a "scorching portrait of the dark side of the female psyche" and an "uncompromising work of exhilarating, cauterizing beauty", awarding it an A+ rating.[7] Los Angeles Times reviewer Robert Hilburn gave Dry a three-and-a-half-out-of-four-star rating, writing that it "falls somewhere in between … an instant classic [and] a seductive calling card that signals the arrival of an extraordinary new artist."[8] Critic Robert Christgau In his Village Voice column described Dry as a "cloudy but essential feminist distinction between egoist bullroar and honest irrational outpouring", rating the album an A−.[14]
Retrospective reviews of Dry have also been largely positive. AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine summarised the album as "a forceful collection of brutally emotional songs, highlighted by Harvey's deft lyricism and startling voice, as well as her trio's muscular sound" in a four-and-a-half-out-of-five-star review.[5] Writing for Pitchfork, Laura Snapes said Dry "is a volcano and the scorched earth surrounding it, ripped with landsliding guitars, cowpunk mania, twisted blues, profound extremes, and power chords that hit like boulders dropped from on high."[10] The fourth edition of The Rolling Stone Album Guide, published in 2004, awarded the album a three-and-a-half-out-of-five-star rating.[12]
Commercial performance[edit]
Dry peaked on the UK Albums Chart at number 11, remaining on the chart for a total of five weeks. A month prior to the album's release, its second single, "Sheela-Na-Gig", had peaked at number 69 on the UK Singles Chart.[16] Despite Dry's critical success in the United States the album did not chart on any mainstream or independent Billboard chart, however, "Sheela-Na-Gig" peaked at number 9 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart in September 1992.[17]
Dry was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry in March 2005 after shipments of 60,000 copies.[18] According to Nielsen SoundScan, the album had sold 176,000 copies in the US as of December 2005.[19]
Accolades[edit]
In 1992 Dry was featured in several publications' year-end best-of lists. It placed at number 12 in Select's list of the best albums of the year,[20] number 18 in Spin's "20 Best Albums of 1992" list,[21] and was also featured in Q's "Recordings of the Year" feature.[22]
Dry has since been featured on several best-of-all-time lists. It was ranked number 70 on Rolling Stone's list of the "100 Best Debut Albums of All Time" and number 151 on NME's "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list.[23][24] Dry is also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[25]
Track listing[edit]
All lyrics are written by PJ Harvey; all music is composed by Harvey, except where noted.
"Oh My Lover" 3:57
"O Stella" 2:36
"Dress" 3:16
"Victory" 3:16
"Happy and Bleeding" 4:50
"Sheela-Na-Gig" 3:11
"Hair" 3:45
"Joe" Harvey, Rob Ellis 2:33
"Plants and Rags" Harvey, Ellis 4:09
"Fountain" 3:52
"Water" 4:32
Total length:
1992 limited-edition Demonstration CD[26] bonus tracks
"Oh My Lover" (Demo version, 1991) 2:30
"O Stella" (Demo version, 1991) 3:16
"Dress" (Demo version, 1991) 3:17
"Victory" (Demo version, 1991) 4:19
"Happy and Bleeding" (Demo version, 1991) 4:44
"Sheela-Na-Gig" (Demo version, 1991) 3:15
"Hair" (Demo version, 1991) 3:37
"Joe" (Demo version, 1991) Harvey, Ellis 3:16
"Plants and Rags" (Demo version, 1991) Harvey, Ellis 3:32
"Fountain" (Demo version, 1991) 3:05
"Water" (Demo version, 1991) 4:32
Personnel[edit]
All personnel credits adapted from Dry's album notes.[27]
PJ Harvey Trio
PJ Harvey – vocals, guitar, violin
Steve Vaughan – bass
Rob Ellis – drums, vocals, harmonium
Additional musicians
Ian Olliver – bass (3, 5)
Ben Groenevelt – double bass (3)
Mike Paine – guitar (9)
Chas Dickie – cello (9)
Technical personnel
Head – production, engineering
PJ Harvey – production
Rob Ellis – production, mixing (5)
Mark Vernon – production (3, 5)
Design personnel
Foothold – layout
Maria Mochnacz – photography
Charts[edit]
Chart (1992)
UK Albums (OCC)[28]
French Albums (SNEP)[29]
Norwegian Vinyl Albums (VG-lista)[30]
Certifications[edit]
Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[31]
Silver 60,000^
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
^ Carew, Anthony. "Definitive Alternative Albums: PJ Harvey 'Dry'". About.com. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
^ Lynskey, Dorian (24 April 2011). "PJ Harvey: 'I feel things deeply. I get angry, I shout at the TV, I feel sick'". The Observer. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
^ "PJ Harvey". The New Yorker. 20 August 2001. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
^ "PJ Harvey on 'Dry' run". NME. London, England: IPC Media: 5. 27 February 1992.
^ a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Dry – PJ Harvey". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ a b Kot, Greg (3 September 1992). "P.J. Harvey: Dry (Indigo)". Chicago Tribune. tronc. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ a b Wyman, Bill (2 October 1992). "Dry". Entertainment Weekly. No. 138. Time. p. 59. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
^ a b Hilburn, Robert (26 July 1992). "Pop Music: PJ Harvey, 'Dry' (Indigo)". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ a b Collins, Andrew (28 March 1992). "PJ Harvey – Dry (Too Pure)". NME. Time UK. Archived from the original on 12 October 2000. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ a b Snapes, Laura (14 August 2016). "PJ Harvey: Dry". Pitchfork. Condé Nast. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
^ Aston, Martin (June 1992). "PJ Harvey: Dry (Too Pure, PURE 10)". Q. No. 69. Bauer Media Group.
^ a b Hoard, Christian (2004). "PJ Harvey". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 368–69. ISBN 978-0-7432-0169-8. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
^ Perry, Andrew (June 1992). "PJ Harvey: Dry". Select. No. 24. Ascential. p. 72.
^ a b Christgau, Robert (20 October 1992). "Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ Thorpe, Vanessa (3 April 2016). "PJ Harvey: a singular talent, she dances to her own tune | Profile | Music". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
^ "PJ Harvey | Full Official Chart History". Official Charts Company. British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
^ "PJ Harvey – Chart history". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
^ "Certified Awards". British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2012. NB User must define search parameters either by entering "PJ Harvey" into Keywords, selecting "Artist" from Search by and clicking Search or by entering "Dry" into Keywords, selecting "Title" from Search by and clicking Search.
^ Caulfield, Keith (27 December 2005). "Ask Billboard: The Legend of Polly Jean". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
^ "Planet 1992: What Happened and Where Were You?". Select. Ascential. January 1993.
^ Marks, Craig (31 December 1992). "PJ Harvey, Dry (Indigo/Island) – The 20 Best Albums of 1992". Spin. SpinMedia. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
^ "1992: Recordings of the Year". Q. Bauer Media Group. December 1992.
^ Staff writer(s) (22 March 2013). "The 100 Best Debut Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
^ Staff writer(s) (25 October 2013). "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: 200-101". NME. Time UK. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
^ Dimery, Robert, ed. (2011). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die (5th ed.). London: Octopus Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-8440-3714-8.
^ Dry and Demonstration (Album notes). PJ Harvey. Too Pure. 1992. PURECDD010. {{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ Dry (Album notes). PJ Harvey. Too Pure. 1992. PURE 10. {{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
^ "Lescharts.com – PJ Harvey – Dry". Hung Medien. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
^ "Vinyl 2020 uke 30" (in Norwegian). topplista.no. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
^ "British album certifications – PJ Harvey – Dry". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
Dry at Discogs (list of releases)
Dry at MusicBrainz (list of releases)
Rid of Me
To Bring You My Love
Is This Desire?
Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea
Uh Huh Her
White Chalk
Let England Shake
with John Parish
Dance Hall at Louse Point
A Woman a Man Walked By
4-Track Demos
iTunes Originals
The Peel Sessions 1991–2004
B-Sides, Demos and Rarities
Reeling with PJ Harvey
On Tour: Please Leave Quietly
"50ft Queenie"
"Down by the Water"
"C'mon Billy"
"Henry Lee" (with Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds)
"A Perfect Day Elise"
"Good Fortune"
"This Is Love"
"When Under Ether"
"The Words That Maketh Murder
"The Glorious Land"
"The Wheel"
"The Community of Hope"
"Guilty"
release group
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dry_(album)&oldid=1122438108"
PJ Harvey albums
Too Pure albums
Blues rock albums by English artists
CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes)
CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)
Use dmy dates from May 2015
Use British English from May 2015
Album articles lacking alt text for covers
Track listings that use the collapsed parameter
Album chart usages for UK2
Album chart usages for France
Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom
Pages using certification Table Entry with shipments figures
Pages using certification Table Entry with shipments footnote
MusicBrainz release group same as Wikidata
Articles with MusicBrainz release group links
Articles with MusicBrainz release group identifiers