text:
jembatan merah
sejarah-budaya-pembangunan
A Portrait of State as a Schoolteacher: Discourse on Indonesian Indigenous Community in a Children Book
February 26, 2017 nurhadysirimorok
International documents call them 'Indigenous People', 'Indigenous community', or 'Indigenous society', in itself can be seen as a practice of exclusion (Mills 2004: 57), where powerful parties exclude or include other groups of people, with manufactured reasoning or characterization of the subjected groups. The Indonesian government applied this type of exclusion for their 'indigenous community' by using a straightforward term: masyarakat terasing, 'isolated communities'. It is then followed by the construction of a set of characterization for these groups that underpin policies to impose official ideas, institutions, and lifestyles on them.
Depiction of the so-called masyarakat terasing reflects a 'basic discourse' that "construct radically different Others and Selves, both as concerns the degree of Otherness and the spatial, temporal and ethical articulation of identity […] argue very different policies to be pursued." (Hansen 2006: 95). The basic discourse of masyarakat terasing appears in various types of media and shared by enormous amount of people. The images of masyarakat terasing printed in policy statements distributed within the governmental body tasked to take care of them (Department of Social Affairs), range from printed and audiovisual mass media (Duncan 2001), to exhibition events (Acciaioli 2001).
This essay will attempt to unpack the basic discourse of masyarakat terasing. I will examine the characterization of masyarakat terasing, their meeting with the modern state apparatus (teacher, school and book), and specific elements of modernity the state tries to impose. These will be examined through a children book, written by a relatively well known Indonesian poet, Mansur Samin (1994). The title of the book, 'Kuto Anak Dusun Terasing' [Kuto, A Boy of Isolated Hamlet]. In order to support this approach, different method of media analysis namely, focalization, intertextuality, and image analysis, will be used. In doing so, I will show a strong relationship between the story and a government policy document originally prepared for resettlement project of the masayarakat terasing.
Once they were backward….
According to the children-book the member of masyarakat terasing are simply backward, before the state intervention. Carrying the masyarakat terasing discourse, in the first page the author stated openly "…Lubu tribe is backward people." (p.1). And all through the book he described the characteristic of masyarakat terasing, one after another according to the widely shared construction of the community. This serves as a unification of different communities into a single bundle, which is required to attach a radically different characterization to them. Hence, the book has constructed the Other.
The author carefully inscribed the characterization of masyarakat terasing to reach a striking similarity with the government's indicators of them. In a policy statement, namely Sejarah Perkembangan Pemberdayaan Komunitas Adat Terpencil [the history of empowerment progress of Isolated Adat Community] (2003), Department of Social Affair listed several criteria for this type of 'community', prepared for resettlement project of masyarakat terasing. This set of constructed criteria can be summarized into: a) similarities in physical appearance, socio-cultural life, and housing. b) Live in isolated places hardly accessible, nomadic, or scattered in small groups. c) Practice hunting, gathering, and shifting cultivation. d) Live unhealthy life for themselves and for their surrounding environment. e) Isolate themselves to outsiders. f) Their social, ideology and technological system remain traditional and static. All of these can take place possibly because these community, g) cannot be accessed by the development service (ibid. 4-5).
Going back to the story book, its cover illustrated a boy wear a loincloth exhibiting his upper arm muscular shape, a sign of masculinity and power—or success—while his other arm carry a schoolbook. The boy stand out in foreground, most likely as a sign of progress because of the book he held, while in the background a man (also wears loincloth) hoeing in burdensome gesture, and a woman bowing deep to plant seeds to the ground. It emphasized the difference between the younger schooled generation and the older farming one: the life of the former is easier and perhaps better than the later. Yet, before the coming of the school, who are they?
Starting the story, the author introduces Lubu people, the community: "The town people call them Pagur people…they seldom take shower. They wear loincloth. They do shifting cultivation and tapping sugar palm[1] sap", and they live in "small huts with palm leaves roof" (p.1). This passage show how the author worked to construct 'a radical Other' (Hansen 2006).
First, considering focalization (Meijer 1993), they become a single passive object being labeled by the 'town people'. This is exactly the way the government view masyarakat terasing, 'an object out there different from us'. Moreover, within the whole story they were allowed to speak by the author only when they say something in accordance with the mainstream. There is no voice for differences, unless to be beaten or changed. Second, by bringing into the story the anonymous 'town people', it shows that there is temporal, spatial, and ethical gap between them and masyarakat terasing, and already the hierarchy established between the one who see and those to be seen, between those who tell and to be told. Third, the description shows surprising similarity with the abovementioned government's criteria of masyarakat terasing: no shower means unhealthy life, wear loincloth means static socio-cultural life. Again, these aspects being put in a bowl, in this case the backward masyarakat terasing, to construct a radical Other.
The mode of comparing masyarakat terasing as radical Other against the Self (mainstream society represented by the author) is consistent throughout the book, ending with submission of the former to the latter. It started from a stark different before the schooling (state intervention), then recognition of subordinate position of the difference by the representative (characters) of masyarakat terasing, and finally transformation of the subordinate into the mainstream modern way of life promoted by the state, in this story represented by a teacher (Pak Abdi) and the school. When they are compared to the rest of the people the description of three Kubu children (Kuto, Nihu and Sabe), it goes as follows: "They live five years in Dolok village. Yet, their daily habits are not easy to change. They keep their hair long. Infrequently take shower. Do not wear shoes. They wear tree bark."[2] (p.2). This description is in stark contrast with the pictures of the school teacher, Pak Abdi. While not compared in written form but pictures of the teacher illustrated him with tidy shirt and hair, and his intellectual look strengthen with glasses can be seen in page 7, 18, 56, 84. Only in one occasion his glasses were off, when he involved in physical work (p.37).
Here comes the state: teacher, school and books
The state appeared in the story as the main setting (i.e. school), and the main character (i.e. Pak Abdi, the teacher).[3] The school supposes to teach them how to integrate with a new way of life brought by the state (i.e. modernity). Here state development comes as "action, intervention, aimed at improvement", suggesting that the party who bring the intervention to the subject(s) knows the appropriate end of the improvements (Gasper 2004: 29), and it cover the whole range of aspects of the subjects live. The result is adaptation of the 'culture' the state brings, in this sense it falls into the category of 'culture' as everything (ibid: 197), from material culture to ideology of the subordinate subject. It is here when all their idea and ways of doing are collapse against those that the state advises them to embrace. For example, while doing an exam, "Kuto realize, he is now fighting against his own stupidity." (p.13). And Kuto was not alone, the rest of the 'community' regret themselves for not having a good (schooling) education that limited them in physical work as to earn for livelihood (p.24). Substituting the physical work is the scientific knowledge, which assumed to be absent within the community, acquire from the teachers wide knowledge, and reading books.[4]
"How did you know rat extermination technique, son?" ask the man.
"From reading book, sir," answered Kuto. (p.47)
Universalizing values often follows many development intervention of the state, to fill gaps between the developed and less developed societies. The author did this by narrating a story from his former experience in other place. Lending the teachers voice he recalled that once there was very dull boy who work so hard in school, and "[B]ecause of his persistence [in studying] the boy then became a clever student. His dreams eventually came true. His life became happy." (p.9).
The school also teach Indonesian mainstream school manner, of course imported from different, considered more developed place. It happens more to the beginning of the story that, "Without any greetings, Kuto enter the classroom, and sit carelessly in the back row." (p.6).
Nationality is another important idea to be introduced to masyarakat terasing. Fear of communism adherence, "pre-colonial views in Javanese kingdoms where nearby forests were the refuge of people fleeing state control" (Duncan 2001: 54-55), and constant need of the 'governmentality' to govern and regulate its subject (Li 1999: 296), are among the strongest reason for this ideological injection. In Indonesia, among the common practice believed to be effective to implant nationality is through flag-raising ceremony. In many place until today, every Monday morning, and in several other national commemoration days, all formal institution have to undertake the ceremony. In theory, during the ceremony everybody in the institution will stand in straight lines of columns to salute the national flag while it is raised and national anthem sung. The logic of this nationalist view written in this story as
"[R]aising national flag ceremony is important in order to understand the meaning of [our national] independence, so that we can pay respect to our national heroes' service as well. [Therefore] next Monday, we should do the ceremony in the schoolyard." (p.8)
The teacher also introduced a crucial aspect of modernity, the technology. He describes the importance of transportation technology to the pupil in order to widen their horizon beyond their imaginative enclosed community, to see a 'civilized' society (p.13-14). However, a conversation between the teacher and pupil, was not merely describe isolation, but also a complete ignorance:
"Have you ever seen a car?"
There was no replay (p.14)
Thus, an immediate intervention is required; they must see and experience this technology, hence the teacher should bring the pupil to a town. Ignorance of its existence, however, is not the only reason, but also the meaning, or rather the function, of having the technology must be introduced. Here the imposition of economical end, the paramount impetus of the Indonesian government of the time, stepped in. The teacher explained the economic risk for not having transportation access: the intermediaries can make up price to their advantage. This then consequently provoked one of the pupils to ask why they do not have road access. The reply was 'blaming the victim' rather than the lack of state provision: the students have to study harder so that they can all become engineer capable of building road, "and connect our village to the town" (p. 61-62). The pupil were also told to save, to consume self-production commodities (substitution of import product), and not to rent money from intermediaries (imply the promotion of formal banking system); all are among the most popular government promotion at the time.
Technology for rapid economic growth was Indonesian New Order favorite and a good part of the story dedicated to this objective. Other technologies that the teacher surprisingly able to teach are, weaving and coloring technology: from making the mill-bucket until the coloring ingredients (p. 33-34); irrigation and small dam; he knows more than the people that its walls has to be sloping and its line has to be straight (p.21-23); sedentary agricultural technology: rice growing technique (p. 16). The last technology reflect the long known dislike of Indonesian government toward shifting cultivation, it is a strong believe that shifting cultivation always cause deforestation (p.17, see also Persoon 2002, 2004).
In addition to what have been mentioned before, the picture superiority, benevolence, and paternalistic state also appeared in different nuances. The idea of the state gazing down toward its subject represented in the sport competition between schools: "On the tribune, there was Bapak Camat and other officials from Kecamatan." (p.51). Their control of security, a very important issue of the Soeharto government, emerge when Pak Abdi made very clear explanation that it has to be the police job to arrest criminals (p.61). The characterization of Pak Abdi shows how benevolent a state could be. He is as a good gentle and patient teacher to the pupil, and engages to solve all problems in the village as far as the story could tell. As a result, the people pay so much respect on him, so paternalistically that the head of the village have to do a traditional gesture of self-subordination as seen in illustration on page 18.
What is it to be, or imagined to be, achieved from this intervention? In reality, as I have mentioned, this intervention manifested in a resettlement program of masyarakat terasing.[5] Persoon (2002) summarized the aim the resettlement program elements of imposition as:
"Permanent farming (instead of shifting cultivation), nuclear and permanent housing (instead of nomadic and permanent housing), adherence of the official religion (instead of natural religions or paganism), decent clothing (instead of loincloth), decent cultivated food (instead of foods from the wild), modern health care (instead of medicine men) and modern education (instead of no education at all)."
In our story, two elements are missing: the official religion and modern health care, yet the similarity are too close to ignore. The missing elements are not there probably because they are relatively succeed to spread (see Duncan 2002), or considered come in bundle with other elements.
Now, for the sake of the story, let us turn to the final message of our main character, mentioned in his farewell speech before his departure to another unknown place.
"You are the hope of the nation. Upon your shoulders, there is responsibility to develop our country toward progress. Indonesian natural resource is abundant, it is you, we hope, that will be able to manage it. You have to become experts in the future. I have taught you to believe in your own capability. I have trained you to take care of our beautiful environment." (p.83)
Indeed, by the end of the story, they all pursue to university education, and acquire title before going back to their village: to teach at school, to run paper industry, owner of handicraft industry, lead a state-owned gold mining industry that happen to be nearby their village (p.86-91).
[1] Arenga pinnata/saccharifera (Stevens, A.M. and Schmidgal-Tellings, A.E. 2004: 267).
[2] Note that tree bark mentioned by the author is in conflict with loincloth the boy wore on the book cover illustration. Obviously, the illustrator did not consult both the book and author.
[3] There is also 'center-periphery' issue in the name of the teacher. The former teacher was hot-tempered and hit Kuto which eventually got him expelled from the school. His name was Togar, a name come from Batak, geographically near the story setting in Sumatra Island. While Abdi is Sanskrit name, popularly used in Jawa.
[4] Discussion on the viability of local/indigenous knowledge is vast enough to mention here to mention but very few, see Linda T. Smith (1999) Fals-Borda et. al. (2003).
[5] For various studies on this program see Duncan 2001, 2004; Eindhoven 2002, Hoshour 2000; Li 1999; Persoon 1998, 2002, 2004.
Table: state intervention through 'the school'
Before school School introduced Expected result
Long hair,
Infrequent shower, no shoes, sit careless, wear tree bark (in written) or loincloth (in pictures.
Live in scattered huts
Tap sugar palm
Shifting cultivation Teacher:
Short hair, shoes, tidy shirt and hair, and glasses (only illustrated in pictures). Know-it-all, gentle [excellent manner] and patient.
The importance of road access and cars, for openness and economic benefit.
Rice farm irrigation, rat extermination (for rice). [implied promotion of sedentary farming].
Industrial technology to produce clothing; mill-bucket, coloring, etc.
Economic man:
Rational choice to reject intermediaries, to save and consume own product [promotion of formal bank and import substitution product]
Nationalism:
national heroes, national ceremonies, police
'To develop our country' Teach at school
Pursue formal education up to university
Manage natural resource by becoming experts, run paper industry, own handicraft industry, lead a state-owned gold mining industry
Acciaioli, Greg (2001) 'Archipelagic Culture' As an Exclusionary Government Discourse in Indonesia, The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, vol. 2(1). Pp. 1-23.
Direktorat Pemberdayaan Komunitas Adat Terpencil, Dirjen. Pemberdayaan Sosial, Departement Sosial R.I. [Directorate of Development of Social Prosperity of Geographically Isolated Customary Law Communities, Indonesian Department of Social Affair] (2003) Sejarah Perkembangan Pemberdayaan Komunitas Adat Terpencil, Departemen Sosial R.I., Jakarta
Duncan, Christopher R. (2001) Savage Imagery: (Mis)representation of the Forest Tobelo of Indonesia, The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology vol. 2(1). Pp. 45-62.
Duncan, Christopher R. (2004) From Development to Empowerment: Changing Indonesian Government Policies toward Indigenous Minority, in Christopher Duncan (ed.) Civilizing the Margin: Southeast Asian Government Policies for the Development of Minorities, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London.
Eindhoven, Myrna (2002) Translation and Authencity in Mentawaian Activism, Antropologi Indonesia vol.69. pp. 24-34.
Fals-Borda, Orlando and Mora-Osejo, Luis E. (2003) "Context and diffusion of knowledge, a critique of Eurocentrism", Action Research Journal Volume 1(1), Sage Publication, London/Thousands Oaks/New Delhi. Pp. 29-37
Gasper, Des (2004) The Ethics of Development: from Economism to Human Development, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, UK.
Hansen, Lene (2006) Security as Practice: Discourse Analysis and the Bosnian War, Routledge, London.
Hoshour, Cathy Ann (2000) Relocating Development in Indonesia: A Look at the Logic and Contradiction of State-Directed Resettlement, doctoral thesis, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Li, Tania Murray (1999) Compromising Power: Development, culture, and rule in Indonesia, Cultural Anthropology vol. 14(3). Pp. 295-322.
Meijer, Maaike (1993) Countering Textual Violence: On the Critique of Representation and the Importance of Teaching Its Methods, Women Studies Int. Forum, Vol 16(4). Pp. 367-378.
Mills, Sara (2004) Discourse, Routledge, London.
Persoon, Gerard A. (1998) Isolated Groups or Indigenous Peoples: Indonesia and the International Discrourse, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 154(2). Pp. 281-304.
Persoon, Gerard A. (2002) Isolated Islanders or Indigenous People: The Political Discourse and its Effect on Siberut (Mentawai Archipelago, West-Sumatra), Antropologi Indonesia vol. 68 pp. 25-39.
Persoon, Gerard A., et al. (2004) The Position of Indigenous Peoples in the Management of Tropical Forest, Tropenbos International, Wageningen.
Samin, Mansur (1994) Kuto Anak Dusun Terasing, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta
Smith, Linda Tihuwai, (1999) Decolonizing methodology, research and indigenous peoples, Zed Books Ltd., London/New York
indigenous peoplemasyarakat terasingNew Order Indonesiaresettlement project


text:
Q: Authorization via Google / Facebook in Vue Nuxt + Yii2 There is an application on Vue with SSR (Nuxt).
Backend implemented on Yii2. Acts as an API. Some endpoints are only available to authorized users.
It is necessary to register / authorize via Google, Facebook.
How to do in Yii2 is clear. But how to connect it to the frontend?
Under Nuxt there are ready libraries for authorization through Google. Everything is clear there. BUT How does the back know whether the user is authorized or not? How to transfer authorization data to the backend?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
require File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)

require "action_controller/railtie"
require "rails/test_unit/railtie"
begin
  require 'sprockets/rails'
rescue Exception
  require "sprockets/railtie"
end

Bundler.require(*Rails.groups)
require "angular-rails-templates"

module Dummy
  class Application < Rails::Application
    # Settings in config/environments/* take precedence over those specified here.
    # Application configuration should go into files in config/initializers
    # -- all .rb files in that directory are automatically loaded.

    # Set Time.zone default to the specified zone and make Active Record auto-convert to this zone.
    # Run "rake -D time" for a list of tasks for finding time zone names. Default is UTC.
    # config.time_zone = 'Central Time (US & Canada)'

    # The default locale is :en and all translations from config/locales/*.rb,yml are auto loaded.
    # config.i18n.load_path += Dir[Rails.root.join('my', 'locales', '*.{rb,yml}').to_s]
    # config.i18n.default_locale = :de

    config.assets.enabled = true
    config.assets.version = "#{Time.now}" # always expire cached assets on Rails Boot

    config.angular_templates.ignore_prefix = 'ignored_namespace/'
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A homeless man walks into a diner with enough change for a cup of coffee.
acknowledgement, the stranger simply shoves the bowl in his direction.
chili, discovers, in the bottom of the bowl - a small pile of dog turds.
"I know how you feel, buddy. That's about as far as I got, too."


ROME, Aug 22 – A major project to restore land in Ethiopia's Tigray Region to boost millions of people's ability to grow food won gold on Tuesday in a U.N.-backed award for the world's best policies to combat desertification and improve fertility of drylands.
Tigray's drylands, home to more than 4.3 million people, are being restored on a massive scale, said the World Future Council, a foundation which organised the award together with the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).
The Tigray government has mobilised villagers to volunteer 20 days a year to build terraces, irrigation projects, build stone walls on mountains and hillsides, and other projects.
As a result, groundwater levels have risen, soil erosion has reduced, and people's ability to grow food and gain an income has improved, the council said.
"Ethiopia's Tigray region shows that restoration of degraded land can be a reality … The model provides hope for other African countries to follow suit," Alexandra Wandel, director of the World Future Council, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Drylands, which cover nearly 40 percent of the Earth's land, are particularly vulnerable to losing fertility through changes in climate and poor land use such as deforestation or overgrazing, the UNCCD said.
"Hundreds of millions of people are directly threatened by land degradation, and climate change is only going to intensify the problem," Monique Barbut, under-secretary-general of the United Nations and UNCCD executive secretary said in a statement.
Ethiopia's Tigray region has, however, since 1991 managed to improve soil and water conservation, and closed off 1.2 million hectares of land to allow plants to regrow.
"The Tigray region of Ethiopia is now greener than it has ever been during the last 145 years," said Chris Reij, desertification expert at the World Resources Institute.
Over about 15 years, men, women and children moved at least 90 million tonnes of soil and rock by hand to restore their landscapes on about 1 million hectares, Reij said.
"In the process many communities have overcome the impacts of climate change," he said.
Each year the Future Policy Award focuses on one world threat that will impact future generations. Past awards have been for policies covering children's rights, ending violence against women and girls, disarmament, and protecting oceans.
This year's silver award went to Brazil's programme to build 1.2 million cisterns, helping millions of the country's poorest people get water for drinking and for crops and livestock.
China's 2002 law to prevent and control desertification – the world's first such law – also won silver.


text:
The story that was published by Madden NFL 23 incorporated
Posted by hgdgsvhgvuj on September 26, 2022 at 7:05pm
This week , there were numerous reports that Lawrence has lost nearly $15 million due to his contract. We're not lying, we here at SB Nation we did as well Madden 23 Coins, but the reality is that Lawrence probably didn't lose the Madden NFL 23 funds. The confusion stems from an endorsement contract that was signed prior to the draft Lawrence signed using "Blockfolio," and the language used by the company when they signed Lawrence in April of 2021.
In the year that Lawrence was signed on to Blockfolio they announced their endorsement deal via an announcement in a press release. The press release referred to the amount they paid Lawrence as an "signing bonus," probably as a method of sounding like a sportsperson, claiming they were depositing the bonus in an account in a cryptocurrency wallet for the QB."This collaboration is the first time in history which a substantial signing bonus was paid in cryptocurrency. The bonus was directly deposited to Lawrence's Blockfolio account, and comprised Bitcoin, Ethereum and Solana."
There's nothing like"signing bonus" or "signing bonus" in the context of an endorsement contract. It's just the endorsement contract. When you sign the contract and you're paid or, in the case of Lawrence the crypto. Although the term used in sports isn't a big deal however, this is where things went off the rails. After the Blockfolio press announcement, USA Today aggregated the information and this is where that the confusion started.
The story that was published by Madden NFL 23 incorporated the word "signing bonus" that was mentioned within the Blockfolio press release. It also combined it with Lawrence's real Madden NFL 23 sign-on bonus with the Jaguars and reported that it was $24.1M and using Spotrac as source. source."The presumed number. one overall selection for the 2021 Madden NFL 23 draft, likely to be drafted by Jacksonville Jaguars Jacksonville Jaguars Buy Mut 23 Coins, has partnered with a cryptocurrency-based investment app called Blockfolio and plans to transfer his bonus in an account owned by the firm."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ryanair disregard rights of passengers and workers despite EU regulation attempts
Matt Carthy has said that Ryanair have disregarded EU regulations by providing misleading information on passenger rights.
Speaking this week in the European Parliament in Strasbourg, Carthy said:
"Under EU regulation, airlines must provide compensation to passengers affected by flight cancellations. This includes providing a refund, an alternative flight with the airline, or by offering an alternative flight with a competitor airline.
"Ryanair didn't inform passengers of their rights to receive compensation on alternative airlines.
"Ryanair further avoided informing its passengers of compensation rights for extra expenses, such as food and accommodation, incurred as result of the flight cancellation.
"Ryanair has deliberately mislead customers concerning their rights as passengers under EU Regulations.
"They refused to disclose such information on compensation rights until its hand was forced.
"But we shouldn't be surprised by Ryanair's disrespectful behaviour towards its passengers as for years its CEO has prided himself on the company's disrespectful treatment towards its workers.
"Ryanair refuses to negotiate with trade unions, and forbids its workers from organising across their many bases.
"This debacle of cancelled flights is the direct result of pilots and workers fleeing Ryanair.
"Pilots and workers will not remain in a company that treats them disrespectfully and forbids their right to mobilise for better conditions.
"The episode demonstrates that promoting competitiveness to the detriment of workers' rights will not succeed.
"As a member of the European Parliament's Transport and Tourism Committee, I vote to prioritise the rights of workers in the transport sector knowing that it only by doing so that we can secure a sustainable public transport network.
"Unfortunately, the EU often encourages increased competition without safeguarding the effect that this has on workers and, in turn, allows companies to neglect their responsibilities towards their workforce.
"The EU must stopping pushing ahead with its regressive competition agenda in the transport sector and instead understand that flights cannot run without workers."
Rachel 6th October 2017 Latest News No Comments
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DAOstack is an operating system for a new form of web organization: the DAO.
DAOstack is an operating system for a new form of web organization: the DAO. Decentralized Autonomous Organizations have captured the imagination of the best minds in the blockchain space, but despite their promise have yet remained an abstract idea.
The result is a new web of open collaboration, in which collectives can self-organize around shared goals and values, not limited by pure economic growth. We believe this to be a critical step in the evolution of society toward a more cooperative and sustainable future.
Cooperation of agents increases their efficiency with respect to external competing market forces. This is the basic origin of the company and the reason organizations want to grow. However, coordination of agents 3 entails increasing coordination cost as the organization grows, and that is why organizations cannot grow indefinitely.
Preserve alignment of interests, trust and engagement among their members. In short, the larger an organization is, the more internal friction it needs to cope with; the smaller it is, the more external competition is predominant. The actual size of a company is generally the sweet spot balancing between these two forces.
A DAO isa new form of scalable, self-organizing cooperation, that is operated by smart contracts on the blockchain. Many believe that DAOs hold the promise for the future of business and work, but despite a lot of traction in the blockchain community around this subject, a successful governance system and operational basis for DAOs is still missing.
The building blocks of DAOs are smart companies, or agencies (we will use those terms interchangeably). A smart agency is an atomic governance unit that is managed and operated with smart contracts on the blockchain. It has its own token (related to benefits of the company's resources), its own reputation systems (related to credibility and influence in company matters),and its own governance system (its "bylaws" encoded in smart contracts).
Arc supports an infinite number of governance elements. Its library of schemes and global constraints will evolve as the DAOstack ecosystem grows, with new templates and modules developed and added by the open-source development community and third parties.
Every DAO's governance structure is made of small building blocks – governance modules, or elements – that can easily be added, combined, edited or removed. Modules do not need to be redeployed onto the blockchain, but rather only referred to, saving storage and operation costs and enhancing security.
The governance structure of each DAO can easily be upgraded to use new schemes and constraints, or different parameters of existing ones. More granularly, each DAO created through Arc comes with a particular set of rules, which by default include the rules to change the rules.
We search, collect and organize information about different crypto assets projects to make it easier for you to use it. The website does not provide financial advice. Cryptoassetsrank is not responsible for any trading decisions.


Fox announced its straight-to-series order for Bless the Harts.
Produced by 20th Century Fox Television, the animated comedy features the voices of Kristen Wiig and Maya Rudolph. The 13-episode series introduces a group of Southerners struggling for the American dream. Bless the Harts creator Emily Spivey, Phil Lord, Christopher Miller, Wiig, and Seth Cohen will serve as executive producers.
The series will air during the 2019-2020 season.


text:
2011 Washington Trust Act
https://www.karrtuttle.com/wp-content/themes/corpus/images/empty/thumbnail.jpg 150 150 Karr Tuttle Campbell Karr Tuttle Campbell https://www.karrtuttle.com/wp-content/themes/corpus/images/empty/thumbnail.jpg December 4, 2011 September 21, 2017
From the Trust and Estates Department of Karr Tuttle Campbell
Kirsten L. Ambach
Sarah B. Bowman
Johanna M. Coolbaugh
William J. Cruzen
Alan D. Judy
Douglas A. Luetjen John E. Poffenbarger
Kenneth E. Rekow
Charles A. Robinson
James K. Treadwell
George S. Treperinas
The 2011 Washington Trust Act (the "Act"), passed under Substitute House Bill 1051, creates significant changes in the law regarding the creation and administration of trusts. These changes, which become effective January 1, 2012, include mandatory notice and reporting requirements as well as safe harbor accounting and reporting provisions.
How Does this Impact Me?
The new laws have broad-reaching implications for the creation and administration of almost all trusts. Persons whose estate plans currently include an irrevocable trust or a trust that becomes irrevocable in the future (such as testamentary trusts for minor children, marital trusts for a surviving spouse, or trusts created for tax planning purposes) may be affected by these changes in the law.
Persons who are currently serving as a trustee of an irrevocable trust will be affected by these changes and should be aware that a trustee's failure to comply with the Act could lead to a claim against the trustee for breach of fiduciary duties.
The new laws also clarify the rights of beneficiaries to receive notice and information about irrevocable trusts. In addition, where a minor child or grandchild is a current or future beneficiary of a trust, the trustee may be required in certain circumstances to petition the court for the appointment of a special representative to represent the minor.
We strongly recommend that if you are a currently-serving trustee of an irrevocable trust (such as a qualified personal residence trust, an irrevocable life insurance trust, a marital trust, or a family trust) you contact the trust's attorney to discuss the changes in the law. In addition, we recommend that if your current estate plan includes a will or revocable trust providing for the formation of a trust upon your death, that you contact your estate planning attorney to discuss the possible impact the new law may have on your estate plan. Finally, if you are a beneficiary of an irrevocable trust, you may be entitled to certain notices and may request certain information from the trustee. If you have any questions as to your rights, we recommend you contact the trustee or an attorney about your rights in that regard.
The new laws have broad-reaching implications for the creation and administration of almost all trusts. Persons whose estate plans currently include an irrevocable trust or a trust that becomes irrevocable in the future (such as testamentary trusts for minor children, marital trusts for a surviving spouse, or trusts created for tax planning purposes) may be affected by these changes in the law. Persons who are currently serving as a trustee of an irrevocable trust will be affected by these changes and should be aware that a trustee's failure to comply with the Act could lead to a claim against the trustee for breach of fiduciary duties.The new laws also clarify the rights of beneficiaries to receive notice and information about irrevocable trusts. In addition, where a minor child or grandchild is a current or future beneficiary of a trust, the trustee may be required in certain circumstances to petition the court for the appointment of a special representative to represent the minor.We strongly recommend that if you are a currently-serving trustee of an irrevocable trust (such as a qualified personal residence trust, an irrevocable life insurance trust, a marital trust, or a family trust) you contact the trust's attorney to discuss the changes in the law. In addition, we recommend that if your current estate plan includes a will or revocable trust providing for the formation of a trust upon your death, that you contact your estate planning attorney to discuss the possible impact the new law may have on your estate plan. Finally, if you are a beneficiary of an irrevocable trust, you may be entitled to certain notices and may request certain information from the trustee. If you have any questions as to your rights, we recommend you contact the trustee or an attorney about your rights in that regard.
What are the New Requirements for Trustees?
(1) Notification of the Creation and Existence of a Trust
The Act contains mandatory notice provisions regarding the creation and existence of irrevocable trusts. Within sixty days after the date of acceptance of the position of trustee of an irrevocable trust, or the date the trustee of a formerly revocable trust acquires knowledge that the trust has become irrevocable, the trustee must give notice to all trust beneficiaries of (a) the existence of the trust, (b) the identity of the grantor, (c) the trustee's name, address, and telephone number, and (d) that the beneficiary has the right to request information that is reasonably necessary to enable the beneficiary to enforce the beneficiary's rights under the trust. These notice requirements cannot be waived in the trust agreement and apply to all irrevocable trusts that are created or that come into effect on or after January 1, 2012, and to changes in trustees of all irrevocable trusts on or after January 1, 2012.
(2) Reporting of Information Reasonably Necessary to Keep Beneficiaries Informed
Under the Act, a trustee must keep trust beneficiaries reasonably informed about the administration of the trust and of the material facts necessary for beneficiaries to protect their interests in the trust. This requirement to provide information cannot be waived in the trust agreement and applies to all irrevocable trusts, not just those created on or after January 1, 2012.
The Act gives very specific guidelines for the preparation and distribution of a safe harbor report to satisfy this requirement. The Act sets forth eight categories of information that should be disclosed in this safe harbor report, including a statement of receipts and disbursements, the trustee's compensation, compensation paid to agents such as attorneys and accountants, and a statement that claims made against a trustee for breach of trust must be brought within three years from the date the beneficiary receives the report.
The Act also provides that a beneficiary may request information "reasonably necessary" to enable the beneficiary to enforce his or her rights under the trust. The trustee must provide this information within sixty days of receiving the request.
What Other Changes Should I Know About?
(1) Time for Bringing Claims Against Trustee for Breach of Trust
The Act provides new rules that limit the time in which a beneficiary may bring a claim against the trustee for breach of trust. Under the Act, a beneficiary may not bring a proceeding against a trustee more than three years after the date that the beneficiary receives the safe harbor report described above. If no safe harbor report is sent, then the beneficiary must bring an action against the trustee within three years from the date of resignation of the trustee, termination of the beneficiary's interest, or termination of the trust, whichever occurs first, and regardless of when the beneficiary discovered the breach. A trustee who commits a breach of trust is liable for the greater of the amount required to restore the value of the property or the profit the trustee made from the breach.
(2) Termination of a Trust and Final Distributions
The Act allows a process for the proper termination of a trust that provides some protection to the trustee. Under this termination procedure, the beneficiaries are prevented from contesting the distributions if they fail to object within thirty days after notice is provided of the trustee's plan for final distributions and termination of the trust. This notice and termination procedure, however, does not release a trustee from other claims of breach of trust.
We always recommend that clients review their estate plans with counsel every three to five years or whenever any significant event occurs in order to ensure that documents adequately reflect current law and testamentary intentions.
For more information about the 2011 Washington Trust Act and what effect the current law might have on your personal estate plan, please contact any of the Karr Tuttle Campbell Tax, Trusts, and Estates attorneys or your personal Karr Tuttle Campbell attorney, all of whom can be reached at (206) 223-1313 or by visiting the firm's Web site at www.karrtuttle.com.
Estate Planning updates are published by Karr Tuttle Campbell to present information on legal matters that may be deserving of clients' immediate attention. The information contained in this Alert should not be regarded as legal advice or opinion.
The materials you find on this web site have been prepared by Karr Tuttle Campbell to provide information about the services we offer to our clients and to provide information of general interest about a variety of legal subjects. This information is not intended as legal advice or as a substitute for the particularized advice of your own counsel and should not be relied upon as such. The advice appropriate for you will be dependent upon the particular facts and circumstances of your situation. The transmission or receipt of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship.


ArtWatch is entering its twenty-first campaigning year with strengthening critical bite. The new ArtWatch UK website greatly extended the published reach of our Journal (see Figs. 1-4), attracting 22,000 visits in its first year and 52,000 visits last year, half coming from the UK and the USA and the rest from 139 other countries. With this post our archive comprises 59 articles by 8 authors. In New York the ArtWatch International site has been revivified under its new director, Einav Zamir. In France our colleagues in the Association Internationale pour le Respect de l'Intégrité du Patrimoine Artistique (ARIPA) have re-structured their website which now carries much of the contents of their excellent, rigorous journal, Nuances. Our efforts now attract fewer hostile and more respectful responses. We enjoy (sotto voce) support at high levels in many quarters – including among some conservators – and we sometimes earn outright vindication, as shown below. International and national press interest in our campaigns remains high. Unfortunately, in the art world itself many players remain in official denial on the subject of restoration injuries. They can see and admit that this is wrong and that that is wrong, but not that pictures are still being injured in restoration.
Our second post on the 13 December 2010 ("An Appeal from Poland") drew an immediate response. Distinguished scholars, curators and conservators in Poland had asked ArtWatch UK to support their opposition to a proposed loan of Leonardo's "Lady with an Ermine" to the National Gallery (see "The National Gallery's £1.5bn Leonardo restoration"). We were then attacked in Poland – abusively – by Count Adam Zamoyski, chairman of the Princes Czartoryski Foundation which had agreed to loan the many-times borrowed Leonardo for a substantial fee. It was later reported from Poland that: "In order to improve the functioning of the Foundation of the Czartoryski Princes and to assure the correct collaboration with the National Museum in Krakow", Prince Adam Karol Czartoryski of the Czartoryski Museum had dismissed the entire board and its chairman, his cousin, Count Adam Zamoyski. Although the contracted loan went ahead it was announced that the fragile panel painting would not travel again for at least a decade.
Our posts of 8 February and 14 March 2012 produced evidence of a mis-reconstructed sleeve of Christ in Leonardo da Vinci's "Last Supper". This was reported in the Independent of 14 March 2012. In the National Geographic special issue "Exploring History" it is said that: "Generally lauded by art historians and appreciators, the restored work has aroused controversy. Some say too little of Leonardo's paint is left, or cavil about the mural's altered forms…As the debate wears on, we at least – and at last – have a legible 'Last Supper' to savor." "Legible-but-false" could stand as a motto in those museum conservation departments where restorers paint photographically manipulated "virtual realities" onto old master pictures.
In our next post we examine the consequences of the last restoration and its contributory role in the present crisis – a crisis for which the blame is brazenly being shifted by the authorities from the authorities and on to the (paying) visitors.
Above, Fig 1: The front cover of ArtWatch UK Journal 27, showing (left) a draped figure in the National Gallery's Entombment, which is attributed to Michelangelo, and (right) showing a figure (reversed) from the later Marriage of the Virgin by Rosso Fiorentino.
Above, Fig. 2: The back cover of ArtWatch UK Journal 27.
Above, Fig. 3: The front cover of the commemorative ArtWatch UK Journal 22.
Above, Fig. 4: The back cover of Journal 22, showing, top, Giotto's Despair before (left) and after (right) restoration, and, bottom, the gilded altar from the Benedictine church of Sao Bento, Olinda, Brazil and, right, when moved (temporarily) to the Guggenheim Museum, New York in 2001, after restoration.
Above, Fig. 5: A detail of the anamorphic skull in the National Gallery's Holbein The Ambassadors, when being cleaned during the Esso-sponsored, BBC-filmed, 1993-96 restoration.
Above, Fig. 6: The anamorphic skull in Holbein's The Ambassadors before cleaning and reconstructive repainting at the National Gallery.
This entry was posted on January 10, 2013. It was filed under blog and was tagged with Andrew Manze, Antonio Paolucci, ARIPA, ArtWatch International, ArtWatch UK Journal, Count Adam Zamoyski, Einav Zamir, Gerry Bell, Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper, Lufthansa Lecture 4, Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel frescoes, Prince Adam Karol Czartoryski, Prof. James Beck, The Czartoryski Museum, The English Concert, The helsinborg Symphony Orchestra, The Princes Czartoryski Foundation.


Een kind van 4 t/m 11 jaar meenemen in de trein? Kinderen van 4 tot 11 jaar betalen slechts 17,- voor een combiticket en volwassene 31! Natuurlijk is het terrein ook met de auto te bereiken, maar wij..
288 Eric Harris, 56, American football player ( Toronto Argonauts, Kansas City Chiefs, Los Angeles Rams heart attack. "Norma Merrick Sklarek obituary". "Sudan mourns musical legend Mohamed Wardi". Retrieved "Chopper crash victim was James Cameron's 'right-hand man. 423..
Snashall, of the Sandhill Paddock Walk near Hay NSW held in September last year Organised by the anpc and Riverina Local Land Services, and led by anpc Project Manager Martin Driver, the Sandhill Paddock Walk focused. Anpc blog Download the anpc Prospectus Find out about: What we do and why we do it Our capabilities How you can help - membership, sponsorships, donations, bequests, project support, collaboration, volunteering. Click here to see the Conference Program and abstracts, presentation slides and photos. Dr Sally Box launching the 3rd edition of the anpc's Translocation Guidelines. Stage 1 of this project, supported by the Norman Wettenhall Foundation, was recently completed. Discount for anpc members!
Sale, nEW balance MSX90PND green, mSX90PND. Further funding is now being sought for Stage 2 of the project. (Photo: Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria) Conservation of the endangered Melbloms Spider-orchid (Caladenia hastata) The aim of this project, funded by Portland Aluminium, is to increase the long term viability of the Melbloms Spider-orchid (Caladenia hastata) by re-introducing this species into three sites in the far south west. Bring Back the Banksias The anpc's 'Bring Back the Banksias' project aims to assist in improving the conservation status of Silver Banksia (Banksia marginata) in Victoria and south-western NSW where it has undergone considerable decline.
The profits from the sale of the calendar will be directed towards anpc projects aiming to kwikfit kortingscode banden raise community awareness of threatened plant species and endangered ecological communities throughout Australia. Sale asics GEL-lyte brown SKU: 1193A027-200 Add to cart Sale asics GEL-lyte black/black SKU: 1193A027-001 Add to cart Sale asics GEL-lyte leather black SKU: 1192A047-001 Add to cart Sale asics GEL-PTG black/black SKU: 1192A028-001 Add to cart Sale NEW balance WL574NBN SKU: WL574NBN Add. Read the standards here. The aim was to increase plant identification skills and highlight the importance of revegetation. Over the 2015-16 financial year, seed and mycorrhiza have been collected and 200 plants propagated which are currently housed at the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Orchid Conservation Laboratory in partnership with the anpc. Click here for more information on the project and to download the report on the Lake Bolac workshop. Participants attended an exciting week of presentations, local field trips and a 1-day threatened plant translocation workshop! . explore/180752 anpc Project Manager, Martin Driver (left discussing remnant sandhill vegetation at the fenced reserve at Zara on the Sandhill Paddock Walk on 15 September 2016. Draft program will be available and r egistrations will open soon! Adidas swift RUN barrier black, b42233, add to cart. The anpc is proud to be hosting this publication on behalf of the authors. With input from over 30 experts across the country, 23 new case studies, all new colour photographs illustrating translocation techniques and updated references, the Guidelines are essential reading for all those involved in translocation projects.
Ob Anfänger oder Profi: Jeder ist willkommen und kann sich individuellen Herausforderungen stellen. Mi, Do, So bis 24 Uhr, Fr, Sa bis 2 Uhr. Dieses mal sind sogar 3 alkoholische Getränke nach Wahl im Preis mit drin!


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Q: How to Handle '&' in Node.js to avoid XSS vulnerability We are having a Angular 2+ UI and Backend in Node.js
There are some HTML input need to allow '&' character but Node.js is not allowing it because it using HTML-sanitize to validate the inputs fields.
How to allow the '&' store in Database.

A: sanitize-html replaces & with the corresponding HTML entity &; it does not totally remove the &.
You are free to do whatever you want with the sanitized input before storing it in your database, so what you could do is replace it back:
const restoredString = sanitizedString.replaceAll('&', '&');


text:
package model

protected[model] trait TemplateComponent { self: Profile =>
  import profile.simple._

  trait BasicTemplate { self: Table[_] =>
    val userName = column[String]("USER_NAME")
    val repositoryName = column[String]("REPOSITORY_NAME")

    def byRepository(owner: String, repository: String) =
      (userName === owner.bind) && (repositoryName === repository.bind)

    def byRepository(userName: Column[String], repositoryName: Column[String]) =
      (this.userName === userName) && (this.repositoryName === repositoryName)
  }

  trait IssueTemplate extends BasicTemplate { self: Table[_] =>
    val issueId = column[Int]("ISSUE_ID")

    def byIssue(owner: String, repository: String, issueId: Int) =
      byRepository(owner, repository) && (this.issueId === issueId.bind)

    def byIssue(userName: Column[String], repositoryName: Column[String], issueId: Column[Int]) =
      byRepository(userName, repositoryName) && (this.issueId === issueId)
  }

  trait LabelTemplate extends BasicTemplate { self: Table[_] =>
    val labelId = column[Int]("LABEL_ID")

    def byLabel(owner: String, repository: String, labelId: Int) =
      byRepository(owner, repository) && (this.labelId === labelId.bind)

    def byLabel(userName: Column[String], repositoryName: Column[String], labelId: Column[Int]) =
      byRepository(userName, repositoryName) && (this.labelId === labelId)
  }

  trait MilestoneTemplate extends BasicTemplate { self: Table[_] =>
    val milestoneId = column[Int]("MILESTONE_ID")

    def byMilestone(owner: String, repository: String, milestoneId: Int) =
      byRepository(owner, repository) && (this.milestoneId === milestoneId.bind)

    def byMilestone(userName: Column[String], repositoryName: Column[String], milestoneId: Column[Int]) =
      byRepository(userName, repositoryName) && (this.milestoneId === milestoneId)
  }

}


200,000 clients in the US and Canada!
Does it cost more for a full flight of stairs than for just a half flight?
Most straight stair lifts are sold including a standard length of rail that accommodates an average full flight of stairs (e.g., 14 feet). Extra rail can be ordered for longer flights of stairs, and some dealers may offer a small discount for very short runs of stairs, depending on the unit.
I have a flight of stairs with a landing, then another set of stairs. Can I install 2 straight lifts?
While some people do install two straight lifts for this situation, it means that you have to transfer from one seat to the next, which is cumbersome to use and increases the risk of falling. It may be slightly cheaper to buy two straight stair lifts, but a curved stair lift is usually the better choice for this type of staircase.
I live in an old house with narrow stairs—can I install a stair lift?
Measure yourself to make sure there is enough room for your knees when seated.
Some stair lifts are more compact than others. For example, the Savaria K2 stair lift measures less than 11 inches when folded. If your stairs are 30″ wide, you should be okay, but you need to allow room for your knees when seated so if you are tall, you will want to measure yourself in a normal dining chair, or better yet, try the product in a showroom to see how much room you need when seated.
Stair lift Denver – FREE quote!
I am in wheelchair—can I use a straight stair lift?
In many cases, a stair lift is not the right choice if you are a wheelchair user, and you may have to consider a wheelchair lift. But if you can transfer to and from the stair lift easily, you may be able to use it. If you use a wheelchair, your healthcare professional (such as an occupational therapist) can provide you with the best answer about your ability to use a stair lift.
What does "continuous charge" on a stair lift mean?
Today's stair lifts are usually battery powered with a built-in charger. The charging system may be located at the top and the bottom of the rail (where you park your unit when not in use), or the charging system may run the full length of the rail through a buss line. The advantage of a continuous charge system is that no matter where you stop the chair, it will be charging. This is handy if you have not stopped the stair lift all the way at the bottom or top when you get off the chair.
Should I buy a stair lift online and install it myself?
This is not usually the right solution for most people. A stair lift is a fairly large and heavy product that ships in multiple boxes. Installing a stair lift is best suited to able-bodied, technically savvy people. The product must be properly secured to the stairs, the rail must be assembled and the electrical components must be properly connected. Most people find it easier to pay for the delivery and installation as part of the purchase to avoid the hassles of self-installation. In some regions, it is not legal to install the stair lift yourself.
Silver Cross covers US & Canada.
Thank you for your prompt response to our original query. Your agent, John Roseborough, came up from London at 4 PM on Tuesday following his prior talk with me. He was most obliging, personable and he presented the options and alternatives (equipment, pricing, and install dates) after measuring the stairways, the length needed etc. We were very satisfied with John's concern, his handling of our request and his entire client orientated rapport. Thank you for your interest and assistance.
Thank your for stepping up and getting the chair lift installed today. The lift is a hit with my mother-in-law. Also, we were impressed with Matt's knowledge, diligence, care and attention to detail during the entire installation. You have a good one there.
Copyright © 2016 Silver Cross. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: SaveObject Job Fails on RPG Program Call From Java I am trying to call an RPG program from Java.  I can get the program to run correctly using the DriverManager as follows:
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:as400://" + "sys" + "", "username", "pass");
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
Boolean sqlBool = stmt.execute("call DB2.PROGRAM");

However...this is not the way that I want to do it.  I want to use the JNDI to connect to the 400 and run the program call, as that is the way I do it to run SELECT, UPDATES, DELETES, etc...
Here is the pseudocode that I have so far, and I am having the RPG fail on the SaveObject.
Context context = new InitialContext();
DataSource ds = (DataSource) context.lookup(JNDI_NAME);
Connection conn = datasource.getConnection();
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
Boolean sqlBool = stmt.execute("call DB2.PROGRAM");

Is this a problem with the JNDI connection or a problem with the RPG?
Update: It appears that when the SaveObject job goes to work, it says that the table is locked.  I am doing inserts and deletes against this table before running the RPG call...any ideas? What would cause a table to still be locked even if I am closing all connections to the database after processing.

A: DB2 can keep the table partially open for a time because it doesn't know when it will be needed again. Another UPDATE might come in the next second, and DB2 wants to avoid a full open for every transaction. As long as this condition continues, you can find a lock contention.
If you encounter such a lock, try the ALCOBJ CONFLICT(*RQSRLS) from your RPG program first, then see if your SaveObject process completes. See the ALCOBJ help text for that parameter for a description of when it can be helpful.

A: Okay so I spent most of yesterday and today going through the code and finally figured out what was happening.
In Websphere, in the JDBC custom properties there is a variable named: trueAutoCommit.  This variable is by default set to FALSE.
I changed this to true, which allows the transactions to complete individually when ran, and now that I am calling the RPG program using a separate "transaction" it is not locking the table up.


text:
Category Archives: Monarch
Ion: Guardian of the Universe #10 (March 2007)
Posted by FKAjason in Monarch
Captain Atom, Green Lantern (Kyle Rayner), Greg Tocchini, Ion, Jay Leisten, Modern Age Captain Atom, Monarch, Richard Horie, Rob Leigh, Ron Marz, Tanya Horie
Kyle Rayner (at this time going by the name Ion, but a once and future Green Lantern) bumped into Captain Atom while exploring the Bleed. This is the Cap as he appeared after Battle for Blüdhaven, during which he began wearing the Monarch armor. Written by Ron Marz with pencils by Greg Tocchini, this issue was inked by Jay Leisten and colored by Tanya and Richard Horie with letters by Rob Leigh.
Captain Atom in Countdown to Final Crisis
Posted by FKAjason in Final Crisis, Monarch, Origin Stories
Captain Atom, Carlos Magno, Dan Jurgens, Jimmy Palmiotti, Justin Grey, Keith Giffen, Modern Age Captain Atom, Monarch, Norm Rapmund, Paul Dini, Rodney Ramos, Scott Beatty, Scott Kolins
Nathaniel Adam cropped up a few times in the Countdown series. He first surfaced in Countdown #45 as Monarch, but not as Captain Atom until Countdown #43 (the series, like Zero Hour, was numbered in reverse) in the backup story "History of the Multiverse Chapter 7," written and drawn by Dan Jurgens with finished art by Norm Rapmund. Countdown was a weekly series that ran from May 2007 to April 2008. Issues #26-1 bore the title Countdown to Final Crisis. The final issue, #1, was followed by DC Universe #0, which was then followed by Final Crisis.
from Countdown #43
Captain Atom next appeared in Countdown to Final Crisis #17, in the back-up story entitled "The Origin of Monarch." As the title suggests, it tells the story of how Nathaniel Adam became Monarch. It leaves out the events of Extreme Justice, and actually contradicts them. Instead of Monarch being a part of Nate that was left in the quantum field, his rise to power is much more direct. This story was written by Scott Beatty with pencils and inks by Scott Kolins.
from Countdown to Final Crisis #17
Captain Atom gets a brief mention and cameo in Countdown to Final Crisis #8 as well. Darkseid reveals that he is aware of the Monitor's attempt to push Nathaniel into becoming Monarch in Blüdhaven. This issue was written by Paul Dini, Justin Grey, and Jimmy Palmiotti with Keith Giffen credited as "story consultant." The pencils were the work of Carlos Magno with inks by Rodney Ramos.
from Countdown to Final Crisis #8
The DC Comics Encyclopedia (2004)
Posted by FKAjason in Crisis (1985), Extreme Justice, Justice League, Monarch, Team-Ups, Zero Hour
Al Vey, Bronze Age Captain Atom, Captain Atom, Dan Jurgens, Daniel Wallace, George Pérez, Jerry Ordway, Josef Rubinstein, Ken Branch, Kevin Maguire, Marc Campos, Modern Age Captain Atom, Monarch, Phil Jiminez, Robert Greenburger, Scott Beatty
Released in 2004, this hardcover book had Who's Who type entries for most DC characters and events. Writing credits have been given to Scott Beatty, Robert Greenburger, Phil Jimenez, and Daniel Wallace. Captain Atom appeared several times (the Modern Age Captain Atom primarily, but also the Bronze Age Cap and Monarch). Hundreds of artists are credited but where in the book their work appears is not specified. Most of the artwork, if not all of it, is recycled from previously published works.
The Modern Age Captain Atom drawing is from JLA-Z #1 by Dan Jurgens & Al Vey. The JLI featuring the Cap is from JLA-Z #2 by Kevin Maguire & Josef Rubinstein. The image of the Bronze Age Cap and others attacking the Anti-Monitor is from the cover of Crisis on Infinite Earths #12 by George Pérez & Jerry Ordway. The Extreme Justice drawing is from the cover of Extreme Justice #0 by Marc Campos & Ken Branch. I could not track down the artists behind the drawings of Monarch and the rendition of Zero Hour.
An updated and expanded version of the encyclopedia was released in 2008.


Paros is located in the heart of the Cyclades and is the third largest Cycladic island after Naxos and Andros. It is a very popular tourist destination, being on the convergence of a number of Ferry Routes and attracting people with its wealth of sandy beaches, traditional villages, whitewashed houses covered in bougainvillea and historic churches. It is known for its excellent nightlife in Naoussa, one of the most cosmopolitan areas of the island. The mountains of Paros traditionally produced the best white marble in the world and most of the ancient Greek masterpieces were made from Parian marble, including Venus de Milo and the Parthenon. Paros has a Domestic Airport with daily flights from Athens - however seats are limited and most choose the new high speed ferries which have brought the journey time from Piraeus down to little more than 3.5 hours.
Paros is the charter base for luxury motor yacht .
The island of Sifnos is a mountainous island which has been inhabited since 3000BC. Sifnos is steeped in history, in ancient times Sifnos was a very wealthy island due to the island's gold and silver mines. Production ceased either because the mines were flooded or they had worked it all out., there are also 365 churches on the island (not sure you'll manage to visit all of them!) and several monasteries dotted around the island. Today Sifnos is still producing pottery, with unique jars and pots acting as a trademark for the island. A surprisingly green island for the Cyclades, Sifnos offers both peace and quiet and plenty of things to do. Even though it is a popular island, with both Greeks and foreigners, it has kept its originality and has resisted much of the over commercialisation some other islands have suffered. Consequently it has both natural charm as well as perhaps a hint of sophistication. Sifnos has no airport but is linked to Athens by almost daily ferries. Most of the bays & ports offer beautiful anchorages for a Motor Yacht. The only exception being the old town of Kastro, with its rocky cove which can only be reached by small boat or rib.
Folegandros is a picturesque island, with charming windmills, Cycladic style houses and the crystal blue of the Aegean which creates a truly breathtaking landscape that attracts a large number of visitors each year. You will find a great selection of traditional restaurants and tavernas where you can sample traditional Greek cuisine and a number of genuine local dishes. Folegandros hasn't been impacted by mass tourism and still holds its traditions and character which adds greatly to the charm of the island. A lovely setting for a Greek holiday, especially with your own motor yacht.
A favourite of many tourists and for many their first encounter with Greece. Mykonos with its International Airport can be a very busy island in mid summer but it still retains its Cycladic feel, with white washed houses and narrow alleyways in the old town. Don't be put off by the tourist numbers, it is well work a visit.
The countryside can be quiet & unspoilt especially early season and the main town & port should definitely be seen. Mykonos has a number of good ports though sometimes access by motor yacht or sailing yacht can be a little choppy due to the katabatic winds that blow off the islands mountains and it's not unusual to see the local caiques having a bouncy ride on the way in.
The most southern of the Cyclades Islands, Santorini (also known as Thira) is amongst the most well-known, with its spectacular landscape, dramatic cliffs and brilliant whitewashed buildings clinging to the volcanic rock. Once a single island, Santorini today is a circular archipelago of islands the result of an major volcanic eruption over 3,600 years ago. The explosion literally blew away half of the island with volcanic ash and pumice burying what was left. Once one of the most prosperous pre-historic settlements this is probably the reason Santorini has been linked with the myth of the lost city of Atlantis. Fira, the capital, is located above the old port on the western side of the island. It is famous for its stunning views out across the Aegean Sea and here you will find all the typical Cycladic whitewashed houses with blue roofs, narrow alleyways and winding stairs. Sunsets on the island are unforgettable and Santorini has long been known as a romantic destination. The approach by sea is breathtaking, especially at dawn with most yachts entering the caldera from the north west. The Vlichada Marina on the southern tip of Santorini is an excellent base to explore the island. Santorini has a full Domestic & International Airport with flights from all over Europe. This is a favourite of the larger cruise ships, but it always a spectacular sight when viewed from the sea. Perfect for a visit on a charter yacht.
Amorgos is one of the more popular Cycladic Greek Islands just a few hours from Athens. It was this island that filmmaker Luc Besson chose for the scene of 'The Big Blue'. With its famous beautiful beaches, crystal waters, whitewashed houses and windmills this islad haven has a lot to offer. The island's trademark is the beautiful monastery of Hozoviotissa which can be found wedged into a high precipice a few hundred metres from the sea. The monastery is spectacular especially, when viewed from below. Even though Amorgos is a very small island, there is plenty to see. The locals are very friendly and seem always to working hard to make the island look its best.
Well ultimately that's really for you to judge and everybody seems to find their own favourite. But we love the tranquility and unspoilt nature of some of the smaller and normally less accessible islands such as Iraklia, Donoussa, Koufonissia and Serifos. Of the larger Islands, Sifnos has retained its charm and has perhaps a slightly more sophisticated air to it... But we'll be happy to help you find your favourite.


This case study looks at the approach to employee engagement at Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, a mental health trust covering Derby and the surrounding areas. The trust has managed to drive up levels of employee engagement substantially over the last few years. In this case study, we look at how they've managed to do this and the lessons other trusts could learn from their experience.


Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of cellular antioxidant defense systems, and activation of this transcription factor is a promising strategy for protection of skin and other organs from environmental insults. To identify efficient Nrf2 activators in keratinocytes, we combined a chemical library screen with computer-based virtual screening. Among 14 novel Nrf2 activators, the most potent compound, a nitrophenyl derivative of 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-phenyl-benzamide, was characterized with regard to its molecular mechanism of action. This compound induced the expression of cytoprotective genes in keratinocytes isolated from wild-type but not from Nrf2-deficient mice. Most importantly, it showed low toxicity and protected primary human keratinocytes from UVB-induced cell death. Therefore, it represents a potential lead compound for the development of drugs for skin protection under stress conditions. Our study demonstrates that chemical library screening combined with advanced computational similarity searching is a powerful strategy for identification of bioactive compounds, and it points toward an innovative therapeutic approach against UVB-induced skin damage.
This research was originally published in Lieder, Franziska; Reisen, Felix; Geppert, Tim; Sollberger, Gabriel; Beer, Hans-Dietmar; auf dem Keller, Ulrich; Schäfer, Matthias; Detmar, Michael; Schneider, Gisbert; Werner, Sabine (2012). Identification of UV-protective activators of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by combining a chemical library screen with computer-based virtual screening. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287(39):33001-33013. © the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.


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Q: how to find the closest year that had the exact same calendar as a given year - equations involving floor 2019 has the exact same calendar (i.e. all days of the week coincide) as 2013.
I noticed this by simply looking at the actual printed out calendars.
However, this made me wonder how to calculate in general, for a given year $Y_2$, the closest year $Y_1$ that had the exact same calendar.
In essence, I was trying to find $Y_1 < Y_2$, with $Y_1, Y_2 \in \mathbb{N} $ such that the number of days between Jan 1st $Y_1$ (included) and Jan 1st $Y_2$ (not included) was a multiple of 7.
[Not sufficient: see Edit 1 below]
The number of days between those two dates is:
$N_{Y_2-Y_1} = 365 \cdot (Y_2 - Y_1) + number \ of \ leap \ years$
For the number of leap years, I found this post, so  I could write:
$N_{Y_2-Y_1} = 365 \cdot (Y_2 - Y_1) + \lfloor \frac{Y_2}{4} \rfloor - \lfloor \frac{Y_2}{100} \rfloor + \lfloor \frac{Y_2}{400} \rfloor - \lfloor \frac{Y_1}{4} \rfloor + \lfloor \frac{Y_1}{100} \rfloor - \lfloor \frac{Y_1}{400} \rfloor$
I applied this formula to a simple while loop taking $Y_2$ as input, and checking one by one the years before that until it found one for which the number of days was exactly divisible by 7.
This may be satisfactory from a numerical point of view, and it shows that the smallest distance between calendar-identical years can be 5, 6, 7, 11 or 12, with rather different frequencies for the various cases, 6 being the most frequent, followed by 5 and 11, then 12, then 7.
[WRONG: see Edit 1 below]
However, it does not provide a 'closed form' for the calculation of $Y_1$ given $Y_2$.
I looked at posts and other resources describing equations with floor functions (e.g. this one and this one), and while I sort of understood the concept for the examples given in those posts and could reproduce it, I could not quite fit it to my case.
I wonder if anyone could please provide some guidance?
I started with a simplified case, assuming that all years divisible by 4 are leap years (in fact I did not even know that century years not multiple of 400 were not leap years). The equation is then:
$N_{Y_2-Y_1} = 365 \cdot (Y_2 - Y_1) + \lfloor \frac{Y_2}{4} \rfloor - \lfloor \frac{Y_1}{4} \rfloor$
For this quantity to be a multiple of 7, there must be an integer $i$ such that:
$365 \cdot (Y_2 - Y_1) + \lfloor \frac{Y_2}{4} \rfloor - \lfloor \frac{Y_1}{4} \rfloor = 7 \cdot i$
I.e., considering that $365 \cdot (Y_2 - Y_1) = 7 \cdot 52 \cdot (Y_2 - Y_1) + (Y_2 - Y_1)$:
$(Y_2 - Y_1) + \lfloor \frac{Y_2}{4} \rfloor - \lfloor \frac{Y_1}{4} \rfloor = 7 \cdot [i - 52 \cdot (Y_2 - Y_1)]$
The first doubt I have is: given that $i - 52 \cdot (Y_2 - Y_1)$ is an integer, can I replace it by another integer $j$, or does the fact that it contains my variables make this a wrong move?
I tried the methods described in the posts I linked above, namely substituting the quantities in each floor function with the sum of an integer + a 'fractional' quantity $\in [0,1)$, but I got rather knotted up, and in particular I could not eliminate the initial integer $i$, which however is not known a priori.
Could you please comment about my approach / suggest how I should proceed (for the moment focusing on the simplified case)?
Thanks!

EDIT 1 (after post by Hagen v E)
As pointed out by Hagen, even my numerical calculation was wrong, because it only checked that the starting weekday of $Y_1$ was the same as the starting weekday of $Y_2$, not that the years were both leap or both non-leap.
After adding the leap-match check to the script, it turned out (unless I'm mistaken again) that in each 400 years cycle there are:

*

*182 cases where the closest identical year occurs 11 years earlier

*109 cases where the closest identical year occurs 6 years earlier

*76 cases where the closest identical year occurs 28 years earlier

*18 cases where the closest identical year occurs 12 years earlier

*15 cases where the closest identical year occurs 40 years earlier

In the simplified case (considering all years divisible by 4 as leap years):

*

*200 cases where the closest identical year occurs 11 years earlier

*100 cases where the closest identical year occurs 6 years earlier

*100 cases where the closest identical year occurs 28 years earlier

EDIT 2 (putting together the suggestions from the other users)
Following up from bloodflea's post below, and extending the method to the actual case considering non-leap century years.
Please correct me if I'm wrong.
First, I define 3 conditions.
$a : \frac {Y_2}{400} = \lfloor \frac {Y_2}{400} \rfloor$
$b : \frac {Y_2}{100} = \lfloor \frac {Y_2}{100} \rfloor$
$c : \frac {Y_2}{4} = \lfloor \frac {Y_2}{4} \rfloor$
Expanding all possible cases, and taking into account that:
$a \to b \to c$
there are 4 possible (main) scenarios:
$A : c \land b \land a : Y_2 $ is a century leap year (like 2000)
$B : \bar c \land b \land a : Y_2 $ is a century non-leap year (like 1900)
$C : \bar c \land \bar b \land a : Y_2 $ is a non-century leap year (like 1960)
$D : \bar c \land \bar b \land \bar a : Y_2 $ is a non-century non-leap year (like 2019)
Given $Y_2$, I am looking for a function outputting $Y_1$ as defined above.
I define $\Delta = Y_2 - Y_1$.
In each case, each year in $\Delta$ 'brings' $364 = 7 \cdot 52$ days, plus either $1$ day (non-leap) or $2$ days (leap).
Thus $\Delta$ will be a suitable value when the sum of these 'added' days is a multiple of $7$ and both $Y_2$ and $Y_1$ are of the same 'type' (leap or non-leap).
Case A: ($Y_2$ century leap year)
The condition on the number of 'added' days is:
$\Delta + \lfloor \frac {\Delta}{4} \rfloor = 7 \cdot i, i \in \mathbb{N}^+, \Delta < 400$
As $Y_2$ is a leap year, the condition that both years are of the same type is:
$\Delta = 4 \cdot j, j \in \mathbb{N}^+, \Delta < 400$
Putting the two together:
$4 \cdot j + j = 7 \cdot i$
$5 \cdot j = 7 \cdot i$
$j = i + \frac 2 5 \cdot i$
The smallest $i$ for which this is true is $i = 5$, resulting in:
$j = 5 + 2 = 7$
$\Delta = 4 \cdot 7 = 28 < 400$
Case B ($Y_2$ century non-leap year)
The condition on the number of 'added' days is:
$\Delta + \lfloor \frac {\Delta}{4} \rfloor = 7 \cdot i, i \in \mathbb{N}^+, \Delta < 100$
As $Y_2$ is a non-leap year, the condition that both years are of the same type is:
$\frac {Y_1} 4 \ne integer, \Delta < 100$
$\frac {Y_2-\Delta} 4 \ne integer, \Delta < 100$
$\frac {-\Delta} 4 \ne integer, \Delta < 100$
$\Delta \ne  4 \cdot j, j \in \mathbb{N}^+, 0 < \Delta < 100$
I tried defining $\Delta$ as $4 \cdot j + 1$ etc, but I got nowhere, so I just tried out the first few values. $\Delta = 6$ was the first that satisfied the two conditions.
Case C ($Y_2$ non-century leap year)
Two sub-cases:
C.1. $100 \cdot \lfloor \frac {Y_2}{100} \rfloor$ is a leap year, i.e. $\frac 1 4 \cdot \lfloor \frac {Y_2}{100} \rfloor$ is an integer
C.2. $100 \cdot \lfloor \frac {Y_2}{100} \rfloor$ is a non-leap year, i.e. $\frac 1 4 \cdot \lfloor \frac {Y_2}{100} \rfloor$ is not an integer
[to be continued...]

A: First.  Assuming your year is between more than $28$ years away from a year divisible by $100$ by not divisible be $400$.  (This will hold for the years $1829-1871, 1929-2071, 2129-2179$ etc.)
For these span of years every year with $28$ years before and $28$ years later, it will hold that every four years will be a leap year.
Non-leap years will have $365 = 52*7 + 1$ days so each consecutive year will normally start one day later than the next. However the year after a leap year will occur two days after the previous year.
If you compare year $n$ to year $n + k$ and and if there are $j$  leap years between $n$ and $k$ then the year will start $k + j$ days later.
Every $28$ years the entire calendar system starts over again because $28$ years will have $7$ leap years and $28 + 7 = 35 = 5*7$ so the calendar will start on the same day and will be a leap year if the first year was a leap year and won't be a leap year if the year wasn't a leap year.
So.  Year $n$....
Case 1:  Year $n$ is a leap year.  The calendar will repeat in $28$ years and was the same $28$ years ago.
Case 2: Year $n$ is one year more than a leap year.  $n+6$ will have one leap year between them ($n + 3$) and so $6 + 1 =7$ so calendar $n + 6$ will start on the same day and will not be a leap year so the calendars will be the same.
Year $n-5$ will be a leap year and not the same calendar.  $n -6$ will have two leap years between them $(n-1, n-5)$ and will start $6+2 = 8$ earlier.  $n-11$ will have three leap years between them ($n-1, n-5, n-9$) and so will start $11 + 3 =14 = 2*7$ days earlier and will be the same calendar.
Case 3: $n$ is two years past a leap year.
$n+5$ is not the same date because there is one leap year between them so the calendars or off by $5+1=6$ days.  $n+6$ is not the same calendar.  There is one leap year between the so $6+1 = 7$ and they start on the same day, but $n+6$ is a leap year.  We must go further.  $n+11$ will have $3$ leap years between them ($n+2, n+6,n+10$ and thus will start $11 + 3 = 14=2*7$ days later and will be the same calendar.
$n-5$ isn't the same.  (One leap year and $5$ days isn't a multiple of $7$.)  Nor is $n-6$ (it's a leap year). But $n-11$ will have three leap years $(n-2, n-6, n-10)$ and so will be $11 + 3 = 14$ days offset and the calendars will be the same.
Case 4: $n$ is 3 years past a leap year (like $2019$ is)
Then $n+5$ is a leap year $n+6$ has two leap years between and $n + 11$ will have $3$ leap years ($n+1, n+5, n+9$) and so be offset by $14$ and have the same calendar.
So $2030$ will be the next year with the same calendars.
And $n-6$ will have one leap year between them $n-3$ and so be offset by $6+1 = 7$ days and have the same calender.  So $2013$ had the same.
Monkey Wrench.  Years divisible by $100$ by not by $400$ do not have leap days and they throw the system off.
But again we can calculate those much the same.

A: Hint:
There are seven days in a week. Every fourth year is a leap year. Thus your upper bound is that the calendar repeats itself every $28$ years.
Is there a circumstance that will allow the repeat to happen earlier? To do this, two seperate years must both start on the same day and be either both leap or both not.

A: The following is not a direct answer to the exact question that was asked. It's meant to be an exposition of some things that a person asking that question might benefit from thinking about.
What "closed form" is is a bit of an open question.
The kinds of things we often see touted as "closed-form" solutions are things like the quadratic equation and the antiderivative of $\sin^4 x.$
Calling something "closed form" in these cases often means we're willing to include some transcendental functions such as sines or logarithms in the formula,
even though those are hard to compute to high precision in practice and even though their exact values are expressed by infinite series.
Technically, a closed form expression could span multiple pages as long as it can be fully evaluated in a bounded number of operations, where each operation is selected from some finite set that we consider to be acceptable "closed form" operations
(for example, addition, division, taking the cube root of a number, or taking the sine of an angle).
The Gregorian calendar repeats exactly every $400$ years. Given any year number $Y$, you can take the remainder when $Y$ is divided by $400,$ and
plug this into a lookup table that gives you the number of years since the exact same calendar occurred (same day of the week for January first, same number of days in February) and the number of years until the next time the exact same calendar occurs.
It seems to me that this is a closed-form solution.
You could even rewrite the table as an expression involving floor functions and arithmetic operations, although I think this would be pointlessly complicated and  much uglier (and harder to use) than a straightforward table.
I think (though I am not sure) that you could even encode the lookup table as a sum of finitely many sinusoidal functions with periods that divide $400.$ After all, the sum of functions only has to match the required output values at $400$ points; it can do anything you want in between.
All this notwithstanding, there might be a reasonably "nice" closed-form expression that is more compact than the lookup table and not terribly much more difficult to apply.
I suspect, however, you will have a much "nicer" expression if you're willing to accept something like
$$f(\text{closed-form expression}, y) \text{ where } f(x, y) = \text{another closed-form expression}$$
as a closed form.
My assessment
If the point is to be clever, one might enjoy developing a formula that used just a few simple numeric operations to get the answer.
I don't know if there exists such a formula that is as straightforward as
Gauss's algorithm for predicting the day of the week on which January 1 falls in the year $Y$:
$$
(1 + 5((Y-1) \bmod 4) + 4((Y-1) \bmod 100) + 6((Y-1) \bmod 400)) \bmod 7
$$
I think it's more likely that the "clever" way will take the result of one such formula and use that as input for another formula, as I suggested above.
This may or may not make sense as a practical algorithm, but if you're into mathematical puzzles it could be fun to explore.
If the point is to be practical, it depends on the application, especially if you want to automate the calculation in a computer.
In software, my preference is for easy-to-understand, unless it's in inside a time-critical loop, in which case my preference is for fast.
A lookup table (preceded by a "mod" function) is about as fast as such a calculation can be.
But if it isn't time-critical, I think the easiest-to-understand method is to use a function $f(x)$ that returns $2$ if $x$ is a leap year and $1$ otherwise.
Related functions are discussed in the answers to https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23188795/leap-year-function-with-only-two-conditions
and https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11621740/how-to-determine-whether-a-year-is-a-leap-year.
Then, given an input year $y,$
add up the values of $f(x)$ for $x = y, y + 1, y + 2, \ldots$
until the result is divisible by $7$ and $f(x) = f(y)$
(that is, $x$ and $y$ are either both leap years or both common years).
If that first happens when $x = y',$ then there are $y' - y + 1$ years from $y$ until the next time the calendar repeats.
A similar method (but iteratively setting $x = y - 1, y - 2, \ldots$)
finds the number of years since the last time the same calendar occurred.
Additional note
A related question is
what is the formula for determining the next year in which a given month/day will occur on a specific weekday.
That question is not quite the same as yours because you need to have the same leap-year status as well as the same day of the week for January 1.
(If your input is a leap year, however, the answer to your question is the number of years until February 29 next falls on the same weekday.)
My answer to that question was a lookup table, but the lookup table is generated from a relatively small number of given values and a few very simple recursive formulas rather than a list of $400$ numbers.
A similar approach would work for your problem as well.


text:
Parents 'clueless about child car seats'
The run-up to Christmas can be one of the busiest times of year for parents and relatives searching online to buy a child car seat. Yet many admit to being ignorant when it comes to choosing the right one, a survey claims.
Giles Blair
Choosing the correct car seat for your child can be bewildering (Image: heycar)
AN ALARMING 40 per cent of parents admit they don't know what car seat to get for their children, according to a study.
And that's worrying because internet data shows the run-up to Christmas sees a marked increase in the number of web searches for kids' car seats.
The study from online vehicle marketplace heycar highlights how confusing the process can be, as parents are faced with a raft of regulations and a huge array of models.
After polling 2000 parents, heycar found that a quarter felt there was no quick reference to find the right car seat.
Furthermore, 37 per cent admitted to feeling overwhelmed by the number of different ranges and styles that are available.
However, two-thirds of parents surveyed said that, after they had gathered information, they were confident they had made the right choice of car seat.
The top priorities when it comes to choosing a seat are safety (47 per cent), being right for the child (15 per cent), its quality (11 per cent), ease of fitting and removal (six per cent) and being long-lasting (five per cent).
Crash study shows many Scots enjoy safer roads
Experts back plans to improve learner driver experiences
Interestingly, the heycar research revealed that 10 per cent of parents are not certain they will be able to fit the seat in their vehicles properly after buying it.
Dads are more sure than mums, with a third of dads saying they are very confident, versus less than a quarter of mums.
The time it takes to fit a new car seat is 11 minutes and 30 seconds on average, according to those surveyed. A speedy 28 per cent claim they can do it in less than five minutes, while one per cent took more than an hour to complete the task.
Now to help parents make a quick and informed choice, heycar has launched an online tool – https://heycar.co.uk/car-seat-chooser – with the exact fit for different makes and models of car presented in seconds.
Vik Barodia, chief operating and product officer at heycar, said: "As a parent with three kids, I know how confusing it can be when it comes to choosing the best child seat.
"With so many child seats to choose from, it can be tricky to find the right one and it's easy to see why parents don't know which way to turn.
"And that confusion has only been compounded as coronavirus restrictions have prevented them from visiting physical retailers.
"We want to take away the hassle, provide peace of mind and leave families confident in their choice."
Some PIP claimants will see changes to the Motability Scheme start in a few months
MotabilityA new disability vehicle scheme, similar to the current one, will be introduced for some benefit claimants.
DVLA issues update on driving licences and logbook processing dates in 2022 - check list
TransportWaiting times for the DVLA have been longer than usual due to the pandemic.
Aldi issues urgent recall on popular chocolates over health concerns
SupermarketsShoppers have these chocolates are being urged to return them to store where they will be issued with a full refund.
Classic CarsWatch lots of great buys are on their way at auctionAuctioneer Manor Park Classics has a big online event coming up and we preview some of the tempting motors here.
Wednesday's headlines: Man kept in filthy shed for 40 years and all the latest transfer window news
In The NewsThe Daily Record's headlines briefing keeps you up to date with all the top stories from Scotland and beyond.
Mask wearing in Scotland's schools could end next month, according to infections expert
SchoolsFace masks rules are set to continue in Scotland despite other restrictions being axed from Monday
Motorists advised to take heed of the 'light advice'
Road safetyDrivers are being urged to use their indicators and fog lamps properly to prevent accidents or a reprimand from the police.
M&S launches new Burns Night range ahead of ten year partnership with Macsween
Burns NightM&S has described their new Burns Night range as "full of flavour, Scottish pride and utter deliciousness."


Yesterday, Vice President Mike Pence walked out of the Indianapolis Colts – San Francisco 49er's NFL game when members of the 49ers team knelt during the playing of the American national anthem. Pence tweeted, "I left today's Colts game because President Trump and I will not dignify any event that disrespects our soldiers, our Flag, or our National Anthem." This is a position that an overwhelming majority of Americans and even more NFL fans agree with as well. Of course the liberal MSM, all they can say is that this was pre-planned. Really, it was planned, that is all you got? Mike Pence was the former governor of Indiana and was scheduled to be there long in advance for Peyton Manning and his ceremony. If 49er players acted a fool and knelt for the anthem, of course Pence had every right to leave. Guess what, if the 49er players decided to respect the Flag and the Country, Pence would have stayed.
Several San Francisco 49ers players kneeled for the anthem on Sunday in Indianapolis.
Hw brave of the MSM, they interview 49er fans as to their reaction. How comical.
A note to the moron 49er player Ed Reid who stated, this is what systemic oppression looks like. Grow up you fool. No you frigging idiot, this is what freedom of speech looks like. To the ignorant Reid, it looks like a PR stunt? Really? One might say your kneeling is a PR stunt, hmm? What the ignoramus Reid and the NFL is about to learn in a real way is that Americans have free speech rights too and that is they can walk out on the players and the NFL. For every action, there is a reaction.
Ed Reid and your ilk, you foolish and misguided, entitled players are not the only ones that are afforded Freedom of Speech. We have the right to boycott you and the NFL and we will.
"I personally don't believe the Anthem is ever the time to make any type of protest," the Super Bowl-winning QB says.
The NFL team was the first of three to not come out for the pregame ritual.
In the end it is about respect for having the privilege of living in a country that provides so many liberties and freedoms and for all those who have paid with their lives for our freedoms. It is unfortunate that so many millionaire athletes who have benefited from those freedoms disrespect the very thing that has given them everything.


text:
Support for public broadcasting not shared in Ottawa or CBC's Boardroom
CBC supporters in Winnipeg are gathering this morning for a demonstration of support for the national public broadcaster and to express concern about the federal government's agenda to sell off the CBC piece by piece.
Winnipeg, MB – CBC supporters in Winnipeg are gathering this morning for a demonstration of support for the national public broadcaster and to express concern about the federal government's agenda to sell off the CBC piece by piece.
As the CBC prepares to host its annual public meeting in Winnipeg today, a new Nanos Research opinion survey released this morning by the watchdog group Friends of Canadian Broadcasting shows a massive divide between Canadians of all political stripes who support the CBC, and the Harper government and those appointed through patronage by the Conservatives to the CBC's leadership.
"News this week that every building the CBC owns is for sale is a shocking reminder of the Harper government's plans to diminish our CBC," said Ian Morrison, spokesperson for the watchdog group Friends of Canadian Broadcasting.
The Nanos survey found a large majority of Canadians, including Conservative supporters, reject the government's CBC budget cuts:
86 per cent would advise their MP to vote in favour of increasing (45 per cent) or maintaining (41 per cent) CBC funding;
82 per cent support (55 per cent) or somewhat support (27 per cent) the 2011 Conservative election promise to maintain or increase CBC funding;
56 per cent of Conservative party supporters think it is important (33 per cent) or somewhat important (23 per cent) to reverse the Harper government's cuts to CBC funding. Overall, 77 per cent of Canadians hold this view.
After laying off 2,000 of CBC's creative staff, polluting CBC Radio 2 with ads, amputating the CBC Symphony Orchestra, the CBC's international radio service, Newsworld International, BOLD, radio drama, the television documentary unit, local news operations, and in-house production of all kinds, some CBC staffers have called for CBC President Hubert Lacroix to resign.
"Mr. Lacroix and all the members of the CBC's Board owe their appointment to the Prime Minister – and do his bidding. The damage done to the CBC during the Harper years is substantial and Mr. Lacroix has remained on the sidelines, dutifully implementing the Harper government's cuts without public protest instead of serving Canadians – the CBC's shareholders – who broadly support the CBC and public broadcasting," Morrison said.
Nanos conducted an RDD duel frame (land- and cell-line) random telephone survey of 1,000 Canadians between August 28 and September 3, 2015. Data was weighted by age.
The margin of error for a random survey of 1,000 Canadians is ±3.1 percentage points, 19 times out of 20.
Friends of Canadian Broadcasting commissioned the survey in partnership with the performers union ACTRA and Unifor, the union that represents private sector media workers.
Friends of Canadian Broadcasting is an independent watchdog for Canadian programming and is not affiliated with any broadcaster or political party.
Cliquez ici pour la version française
What Canadians Think About Local Broadcasting, the CBC and the Federal Election