Zion National Park is a pretty spectacular national park in Utah, with towering sheer cliff faces, narrow slot canyons, and a beautiful river.
It's so spectacular that a few million people visit each year, which means after May and through the summer, the park can be pretty crowded.
By midmorning, many of the pull offs at trailheads and parking areas are full.
To better manage traffic through the park, the National Park Service closes the six miles long scenic road from May through September to private vehicles.
The National Park Service runs many shuttle buses up and down this road all day long, and park visitors must park there cars near the visitor center and hop on shuttles to reach the most popular parts of the park, such as the Virgin Narrows, the White Throne, the Emerald Springs, and the Court of the Patriarchs.
The average wait for a shuttle is fifteen minutes.
I wasn't really interested in relying on shuttles to take me up and down the road, picking me up and dropping me off here and there to explore the park with a mass of other people.
So instead, we brought the bikes, which turned out to be a great alternative to the shuttle.
We parked at the entrance to the closed scenic road to unload our bikes.
I loaded my panniers with snacks, lunch, water, diapers, and wipes, and even strapped a baby carrier to the rear rack.
By riding the bikes, we were able to explore the park at our own pace and get away from the crowds.
Since the shuttle stops are spread about every mile on the road, you find most people clustered around them and exploring the trails starting from the stop.
However, there are scenic turnouts, trails, and waterfalls in between these bus stops that have very few, if any, people around because they are a quarter to half-mile walk from the shuttle stop.
For example, there is a small oasis with a waterfall half a mile short of the Virgin Narrows, the last stop on the road. There is a wooden platform by the pool at the base of the waterfall where we spent an hour at lunch. Aside from one group of people that visited for a few minutes, we were undisturbed for an hour long lunch at the base of this fall.
The Oasis. Worth a stop.
Along the bike ride through Zion, we could stop anytime we wanted to watch the deer, sheep, or to take in the scenery.
Best of all, we weren't crammed into the standing room only buses running up and down the road, or jockeying for position at the bus stops while waiting for the next shuttle to arrive.
While the park service recommends the shuttle to visitors to access the park trails and features, I highly recommend biking through Zion.
There is such low traffic on the roads. Shuttles are dispersed about every fifteen minutes each way, and all day I bet we only saw a dozen or so cyclists.
Here are more of our photos of our time in Zion National Park, and below are some helpful tips if you are considering visiting and biking Zion National Park.
Aunt Katharine and Uncle Craig visited us while they were in Utah.
If I only had one day in Zion, I would hike the 8-mile long Virgin River Narrows at the end of the scenic road.
When we were in the park, the Narrows were closed due to flash floods, as they often are.
If the Narrows are closed, I would suggest arriving early to hike Angels Landing if you only have one day in Zion.
With time permitting, hike the Kateyana trail to the Upper Emerald Pools.
The park gets really crowded during the season. Get into the park early, and knock out the popular spots first to avoid the late morning arrivals.
If a trail is marked as easy or paved, expect a superhighway of people going in both directions.
The Visitor Center has sparse interpretive exhibits and activities. Head to the Museum if you are looking for the park exhibits and history.
There are big horn sheep in the park, and they are most often seen on the east side of the park.
To get from the west to the east side of the park, there is a one mile tunnel. Though the tunnel allows two way traffic, for most of the day it is only one direction because oversized vehicles, RVs, and trucks with trailers are only allowed through one at a time in each direction. If you are staying east of the tunnel, then the earlier you reach the tunnel, the less likely you'll have to wait in the alternating traffic. The longest we waited was about ten minutes in the morning, but in the afternoon waits can become 30+ minutes if traffic stacks up.
For the oversized vehicles mentioned above, there is a $15 permit to pass through the tunnel two times. These permits are sold at the entrance gates and at the tunnel. The park rangers will tell you if you are an oversized vehicle.
If biking Zion National Park, know that shuttles will not pass you unless you stop or pull into a pullout. It's best to stop when a shuttle approaches from behind you. Oncoming shuttles will pass while you are riding. No need to stop for oncoming shuttles.
The six mile scenic road is slightly uphill from the entrance to the Virgin Narrows, and downhill on the way back, of course. We biked the roads with our 7-speed city cruisers and did just fine.
If you are packing a lunch, don't plan on eating it near the shuttle stop near the Virgin Narrows. The squirrels are super aggressive and will amp up your anxiety during lunch or bite you. For real, the squirrels at Zion bite. Instead, head about a half-mile downhill. On your left, you will find the waterfall oasis pictured above. It's a great lunch spot in the shade.
This is some great information, and I appreciate your suggestion to use bikes to get around Zion's National Park. My husband and I are planning a trip there this fall, and we're trying to iron out details like lodging and transportation. It would be a lot of fun to bike around, and it sounds like it's an effective way to get around, so we'll definitely look into that. Thanks for the great post!


text:
Contemporary Approach
We help couples find their own solutions. Mediation is not suitable in every case.
Mediation can be considered at any stage (including before issuing court proceedings) if both parties are open to the principle of compromise with the assistance of an impartial third party – the Family Mediator.
By choosing this voluntary process, parties may avoid the cost and emotional stress of court proceedings. Successful mediation is almost invariably considerably less expensive than any legal process.
Resolution Member
Nancy is a member of Resolution and the Family Mediation Council. Resolution is an organisation committed to the constructive resolution of family disputes including through Mediation.
In mediation, our personal advice facilitates a dialogue between parties, seeking to clarify issues and explore options which could meet the individual's and their family's needs. Our role is to support both parties throughout the process and work towards achieving a resolution which is acceptable to everyone involved.
Where mediation is successful, the agreement reached can be made into a legally binding document, if the parties so choose.
www.resolution.org.uk
www.familymediationcouncil.org.uk
— as a —
We help couples find their own solutions through mediation, seeking to avoid the need for court proceedings. Further we seek to resolve financial disputes, including property related matters, and those involving children, such as child arrangements and parental communication.
nancy@nancykhawam.com
NANCY KHAWAM Family Law and Mediation is a limited company registered in England & Wales with registered number 12112443 and is regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (No. 661125)
45 Pont Street, London, SW1X 0BD - UK
We use cookies and technologies (including third-party services) to improve our services and to display personalised content on our website, social media and partner sites. You can read more about this in our privacy policy.
By "Accept" you agree to the use of cookies. You can revoke or change your consent at any time with effect for the future using the cookie settings.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Giancarlo Stanton officially joins the ranks of Barry Bonds and Sammy Sosa with latest incredible feat
Minor league player suffered cardiac arrest, in critical condition after being struck by pitch
Raj Prashad, August 28, 2017 9:35 am
The Longest Home Run Ever Was So Deep, It Fooled the Camera Man
Barry Bonds' Before and After Photos Tell His Entire Story
Does Pete Rose Belong in the Hall of Fame? Absolutely.
Patrick Pinak, January 25, 2022 5:19 pm
@DustValleySprts/Twitter
Milwaukee Brewers prospect Julio Mendez is in critical, but stable condition, according to CBS, after he was struck by a pitch Saturday night in an Arizona League game.
Here's apparently what happened:
"brew_burner" on Reddit with details about what happened with Julio Mendez last night
Really scary stuff pic.twitter.com/PXVDBKDiBQ
— Math (@MEbelMath) August 27, 2017
"I can give details. Was there in person watching. Julio was hit by a pitch in what looked like the ribs/chest and immediately fell to the ground. Trainers took action very quickly. He was laying on his stomach and was rolled over. His breathing was very sharp and aggressive if I had to describe it. Then, it stopped, and trainers for both teams started CPR. There was a good 10 minutes (felt like an eternity) before paramedics arrived and took over the process. He was shocked (not certain of the correct medical terms, I apologize) 3 times during the entire process. He came back and took a few breaths at one point on his own during the process but it was only for a few seconds. He was taken to the ambulance while CPR was still being performed."
The Brewers later released a statement:
All of our thoughts and prayers are with Julio and his family. pic.twitter.com/eKgE0F7z7G
— Milwaukee Brewers (@Brewers) August 27, 2017
"All our thoughts and prayers are with Julio and his family," said Milwaukee Brewers general manager Daniel Stearns. "We will provide updates as we know more."
Mendez signed with the Brewers in 2014.


Is it feasible to attach an E3 license to a AD synchronized user prior to mailbox migration?
Is it feasible to attach an Office 365 license with Exchange selected to a synchronized user prior to migrating his On Prem mailbox? Will doing so create a second, duplicate mailbox?


We've created the first ever map of the UK's creative clusters. This piece of work identifies the nation's top 'creative hotspots', areas which host clusters of creative businesses promoting innovation and economic growth across their region.
• The creative industries punch above their weight in terms of innovation at both the national and regional level. They also tend to cluster in the same places as other innovative industries such as High-Tech Manufacturing and Knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS).
• Different parts of Britain present different profiles of creative specialisation: cities across the wider South are more diversified in their creative specialisation, whereas Northern and Midlands cities (Manchester excepting) have similar creative profiles.
The report makes recommendations for policymakers which include maximising existing clusters rather than trying to build new ones from scratch; helping remove barriers to collaboration between cluster businesses, and encouraging universities to do more to promote innovation in increasingly tech-intensive creative industries.
Previous NESTA research has shown that creative businesses also stimulate innovation in other sectors of the economy through their supply chains. Businesses that spend twice as much on creative inputs to production such as software, design, advertising and architecture are 25% more likely to introduce product innovations.
In the decade to 2007, the creative industries grew on average by 5.2% per year, compared with 2.9% in the economy as a whole. NESTA expects the creative industries to continue to grow at double the rate of the rest of the economy in the next five years.


text:
MEMPHIS BELLE AND DAUNTLESS DOTTY (CO
by Craig Kodera
Original Retail Price $245.00
Limited Edition of: 1250
Image Size: 13 3/4"w x 10 3/4"h.
Everybody in the know who hears the name "Bob Morgan" immediately thinks "Memphis Belle." That's a given. Morgan flew the "Memphis Belle," the first airplane which finished the required 25 missions over Europe. But what most people didn't know was that Bob continued his career throughout the rest of the war. After he finished his missions in Europe with the 8th Air Force, he went over for training with the 20th Air Force in the Pacific.
Morgan flew the "Dauntless Dotty" under the command of Curtis LeMay, known as the father of strategic bombing. Bob took part in the first mission over the Japanese home island since the Doolittle Raid in 1942. That was 1944, when we finally went back and "Dauntless Dotty" was number one in the squadron and on the flight. Actually, Brigadier General Emmett O'Donnell was mission commander but Bob Morgan was the airplane commander. The "Dauntless Dotty" was the flagship of the whole operation and since this was the first bombing missions since 1942, they said, "Well, we're going to send the general along and he's going to run the whole show" - but he did it from Bob's airplane.
Countersigned by Colonel Robert K. Morgan
Craig Kodera
Aviation is this artist's living. Painting is a joy and a choice; not his career. Craig Kodera career is as an airline pilot, so each of his paintings reflect an intimate knowledge of how it feels to fly and what it looks like out the cockpit. "I paint what I see," he says,"and my office window is at 35,000 feet." An appreciation of aviation came easy, since Kodera was raised in what he terms an "aviation family," which included an uncle who flew with the famous Doolittle Raiders during World War II. At an age when most teens were trying to ace the driver's test, Kodera had earned his private pilot's license. A love of painting also came early. Kodera started seriously studying it at fourteen. He graduated from UCLA with a degree in mass communications and spent a year as a commercial artist before joining the Air Force Reserve, where he was assigned to the Air Rescue Service and then the Strategic Air Command. There his knowledge of air war history grew while he logged literally thousands of hours flying. Eventually Kodera left the service and joined American Airlines. When he isn't flying, he's usually painting. His artwork is part of the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum permanent collection and hangs in many museums. He is also the charter vice president of the American Society of Aviation Artists, a member of the Air Force Art Program and serves with the Los Angeles Society of Illustrators.


text:
Erich Loewenhardt (7. dubna 1897 Breslau  – 10. srpna 1918 u Chaulnes) byl německý stíhací pilot. Po Manfredu von Richthofen a Ernstu Udetovi byl s 54 sestřely třetím nejúspěšnějším německým leteckým esem první světové války.

Život
Loewenhardt se narodil v rodině lékaře. Vybral si vojenskou kariéru a vtoupil do kadetní školy v Berlíně Lichterfelde. Odtud byl poslán k Infanterieregimentu 141. Na začátku první světové války byla tato jednotka převelena na východní frontu.

Už 2. října 1914 byl Loewenhardt povýšen do hodnosti poručíka. Koncem října byl těžce zraněn a až do ledna 1915 byl v nemocnici. Poté se znovu vrátil na frontu. V Karpatech zachránil Loewenhardt pět zraněných německých vojáků; za tuto akci obdržel Železný kříž 2. třídy.

Löwenhardt byl přidělen k Deutsche Alpenkorps a poté na vlastní žádost v říjnu 1915 k letectvu. Po absolvování výcviku a počátečním létání ve funkci pozorovatele získal začátkem roku 1916 pilotní osvědčení a byl převelen k Fliegerabteilung u dělostřelectva. V březnu 1917 byl přeložen k Jagdstaffel 10, patřící k Richthofenově eskadře. Do konce března 1918 sestřelil 15 nepřátelských letounů. Začátkem dubna 1918 byl Loewenhardt jmenován velitelem jednoho z oddílů Jasty 10. Během krátké doby následovalo mnoho vítězných soubojů. Na konci července 1918 už Loewenhardt létal na novém Fokkeru D.VII a počet jeho vítězství narostl na 47. Mezitím byl zástupcem velitele eskadry. 31. května 1918 byl vyznamenán řádem Pour le Mérite. Posledního vítězství dosáhl sestřelem britského letounu 10. srpna 1918 u města Chaulnes. Erich Loewenhardt byl jedním ze tří německých pilotů s více než 50 sestřely "na kontě".

Při vzdušném boji s 56. perutí Royal Air Force Loewenhardtův stroj srazil s letounem Alfreda Wenze z Jasty 11. Oběma pilotům se sice podařilo vyskočit, ale Loewenhardtův padák se neotevřel. Loewenhardt tak nepřežil, Wenz ano.

Vyznamenání
  Pour le Mérite (31.05.1918)
  Železný kříž, I. třída
  Železný kříž, II. třída
 Pruský vojenský pilotní odznak
  Královský hohenzollernský domácí řád, rytířský kříž s meči

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

  Erich Loewenhardt - Eso Jasty 10
  Kdo je kdo: Erich Loewenhardt
  Seznam sestřelů na www.theaerodrome.com
 Válka.cz, nadporučík Erich Löwenhardt

Německá letecká esa první světové války
Němečtí stíhací piloti
Osobnosti první světové války
Oběti první světové války
Narození v roce 1897
Narození ve Vratislavi
Úmrtí v roce 1918
Muži
Narození 7. dubna
Úmrtí 10. srpna

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ever since she made her debut with Marathi film 'Kshanbhar Vishranti,' Pooja Sawant has made considerable progress in her acting career. Now instead of just being part of a multi-starrer film, she is now capable of playing strong lead roles. She is also one of the few actresses who carry traditional Indian costumes as well as modern outfits with an equal amount of grace and charm. Pooja looks more confident now, after having got an opportunity to play variety of roles. Her forthcoming film 'Nilkanth Master' is all set for release on August 7, 2015, followed by four other films.
Q: We have been watching you since your debut in Marathi films. You have been lucky to find a variety of roles, one after the other, in this competitive field. What is the secret to your success?
A: I never looked at this field as a race for getting roles. I preferred step-by-step progress and took the risk of accepting only those roles which appealed to me. The rest was my dedication to my work.
Q: So, you were confident of yourself?
A: Yes, I was always clear as to what I wanted.
Q: This indicates that you only wanted to become an actress. But what was the second option if you had not become an actress?
A: I had not even thought about any other profession, as I was sure that, I am meant for acting only.
Q: You are playing the lead role of Indu, in the period film 'Nilkanth Master.' Tell us something about your character in the film.
A: It is a very strong character with different shades of acting; it is what every actress expects from a good role. I am glad that I was selected for playing this character. Really thankful to director Gajendra Ahire, who also added a song for this character, one which was originally not there in the script.
Q: How do you look at the present progress of Marathi film industry?
A: I am glad to be part of this film industry at a time when it has reached that level of high standard where good subjects are being handled creatively.
Q: Tell us about your future projects.
A: I have just completed one film 'Dagadi Chawl' with Ankush Choudhary. Then there is Ajay Phansekar's 'Cheater' with Vaibhav Tatwavdi, with 80% shooting in Mauritius. That is followed by 'Vrundavan' with Rakesh Bapat and 'Story Aahe pan Khari Aahe' with Aniket Vishwasrao. Luckily, all four roles are totally different from each other.
Click here to read more about "Nilkanth Master"


MCA amends Schedule I related to Memorandum of Association (MOA) & Article of Association (AOA). It amends Table F which is Articles Of Association Of A Company Limited By Shares and Table H which is Articles Of Association Of A Company Limited By Guarantee And Not Having Share Capital.
Provided that in case the company has a common seal it shall be affixed in the presence of the persons required to sign the certificate.
"Explanation.- For the purposes of this sub-paragraph it is hereby clarified that on and from the commencement of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015 (21 of 2015), i.e. with effect from the 29th May, 2015, company may not be required to have the seal by virtue of registration under the Act and if a company does not have the seal, the provisions of this sub-paragraph shall not be applicable.".


text:
Q: Additional Client Information BESIDES Cookies How can a website "remember" user information aside from cookies?
For example, there was a time when I was browsing on a newspaper website (New York Times), and I had reached the ten limit article count. Usually, I just deleted the cookies, and that would bring the article count back to zero and I could continue browsing again.
However, lately, deleting all the cookies on my computer no longer works as a way to bypass this article count block. As such, I was curious as to what other possible ways could be used to "remember" one's user information (in this case, the number of articles a user has browsed) aside from cookies.
There was also another instance where I was forever banished from a site; deleting my cookies again didn't work in accessing it - the site somehow had a way of "remembering" who the banned users were.

A: The most obvious answer is your IP address.
While not perfect, IP address blocking can be used to identify you and deny you access.
In particular, its commonly used to detect what country a visitor is coming from to enforce content distribution laws.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Peak Achieves AWS Retail Competency Status
January 13, 2020 January 13, 2020 RealWire
MANCHESTER – 13 January 2020 – Peak, a pioneer of the AI System, announced today at the US National Retail Federation conference that it has achieved Amazon Web Services (AWS) Retail Competency status. This accreditation supports Peak's expansion to the US market, establishing itself as an AWS Retail and Machine Learning Competency Partner on a global scale. Peak's first-of-its-kind AI System is future-proofing retail businesses by providing both the technology and capability to be successful with AI. It aligns with business strategy to drive growth, enhance profitability and build sustainable…
RetailAI, Amazon Web Services, AWS, Peak, Retail Competency
Contexta360 research finds Speech Analytics is not yet reaching full potential in UK Contact Centres
December 12, 2019 December 12, 2019 RealWire
Fewer than half are using Artificial Intelligence and real-time automation and analytics features London, UK- 12th December, 2019: Contexta360, a leading speech analytics, AI and conversational computing company, today released the results of research into the deployment and use of speech and chat interaction analytics in UK contact centres and the view of voice calls as a customer support channel. The survey polled 250 UK-based contact centre managers and found that although 92% have some form of speech analytics solution in place, a high proportion (43%) have deployed it in…
TelecomAI, contact centres, Contexta360, speech analytics, UK
AI-powered gig economy startup celebrates 1 million hours of work
June 3, 2019 June 3, 2019 RealWire
London, UK – 3rd June 2019. Four years since its first shift, flexible workforce platform, Catapult, is celebrating 1 million hours worked by its experienced retail and hospitality staff. The milestone was reached by Sherehan Abdelmoti, a retail and events-trained candidate, during her shift at Clarks' Marble Arch store on Oxford Street. Abdelmoti, who joined the platform in September 2018, has worked a total of 219 shifts with Catapult, 186 of those with Clarks. Catapult co-founder, Oli Johnson, said: "The traditional part-time job falls short on its main promise to…
UncategorizedAI, artificial intelligence, business, Catapult, Hospitality, startup, workforce
Cerillion to demonstrate agile cloud billing solution as enabler for new IoT services at Digital Transformation World
May 13, 2019 May 13, 2019 RealWire
Driver Connect catalyst project brings together telematics, smart cities, AI and augmented reality to fuel a more personalised customer experience London, 13th May 2019 – Cerillion (AIM: CER), an innovator in digital monetisation and customer management solutions, today announced that its cloud billing and subscription management solution, Cerillion Skyline, will be showcased in a pioneering ecosystem catalyst project at the TM Forum's Digital Transformation World event in Nice from 14-16th May. Following the company's award winning catalyst with Nokia in 2018, Cerillion is collaborating with Nokia again on the Driver…
UncategorizedAI, Cerillion, Cloud, Digital Transformation World, IoT
Onfido partners with RVshare to build trust in peer-to-peer vehicle sharing
February 11, 2019 February 11, 2019 RealWire
Identity verification will reduce fraud and provide assurance for RV renters and owners alike SAN FRANCISCO, 11th February, 2019 – Onfido, the award-winning global identity verification platform, has partnered with RVshare, the world's first and largest peer-to-peer RV rental marketplace. Onfido's AI technology will enable RVshare to reduce fraud and build trust among its national community of vehicle lenders and renters. Founded in 2013, RVshare makes it easy for its national network of over 60,000 RV owners to rent their extended inventory of trailers and motorhomes out to travelers around…
UncategorizedAI, Onfido, peer-to-peer, rent, RV, RVshare
Nosto and Knomo bag AI and personalisation wins at the eCommerce Awards for Excellence
October 2, 2018 October 2, 2018 RealWire
Nosto's AI-powered personalisation solution for bag and tech accessories retail brand Knomo has been recognised as a double-winner in the eCommerce Awards for Excellence 2018. It was honoured with both the 'Best use of AI' and 'Best use of Personalisation' awards at the annual online retail industry event. The winning solution, which was implemented in partnership with the ecommerce team at Knomo, relies on Nosto's AI analysing visitors' online behaviour to personalise the shopping experience. It does this by delivering the most relevant real-time product recommendations and pop-ups to Knomo's…
UncategorizedAI, Award, eCommerce, Knomo, Nosto, personalisation
New AI-based ecommerce personalisation tech helps golf retailer increase online order values by 18%
September 5, 2018 RealWire
Function18 doubles on-site engagement and makes visitors 1.3x more likely to buy with newly launched Nosto technology that delivers a 'personalised store to every customer' Function18.com, which sells golf clothing from top sports brands such as Nike and Adidas, has seen an 18% increase in average order values while doubling page views and time-on-site with new AI-powered personalisation technology from Nosto. The newly launched technology can automatically personalise every element on a retail site from the navigation bar, banners, videos and Call To Actions (CTAs), to logos – for…
RetailAI, eCommerce, Function18.com, golf, Nosto, retail
Announcing the Sytel AI Dialer
June 19, 2018 RealWire
With immediate effect, Sytel announces the availability of the Sytel AI Dialer. This product is built around a proprietary dialing engine, the Virtual Event Machine (VEM®) that has been optimized for producing best possible predictive dialing results under national compliance regimes globally. The CEO of Sytel, Michael McKinlay, said "the brute machine learning required for producing optimum predictive dialing under compliance cannot be handled in any other way except using simulation techniques. The journey to a full AI-based product has been a long one and has had some human help…
TelecomAI, Dialer, Sytel, VEM, Virtual Event Machine
Aricent launches intent-based networking framework to improve overall efficiency of operations and enhance the customer experience
April 10, 2018 RealWire
Unique approach to self-learning networks combines multiple capabilities including transfer learning, smart telemetry and network function orchestration Santa Clara, California – April 10, 2018 – Aricent, a global design and engineering company, announced the launch of NetAnticipate, a self-learning capability for private/public clouds, central offices rearchitected as data centers (CORD), 5G, and satellite networks. The carrier-grade solution combines a library of network Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, semantic telemetry and intent-based orchestration capabilities. With NetAnticipate, a network operations center can improve efficiency and enhance the customer experience from quick troubleshooting, reduced…
Software, Telecom5G, AI, Aricent, Cloud, mobile, NetAnticipate, networking
UK shoppers demand VR and AI tech alongside a more integrated omnichannel shopping experience
February 20, 2018 RealWire
Half of respondents would like more retailers to enable them to see how an outfit might look on them virtually – whether online or instore LONDON, 20 February 2018 – InternetRetailing EXPO, Europe's leading event for digital and multichannel retail, today launches the results from its 'Future of Retail' survey, which investigated 2,000 UK consumers' attitudes to retail experiences both online and in store. The results show that although the UK won't be moving to a purely virtual, exclusively online retail world anytime soon, there is a clear demand for…
RetailAI, consumers, experience, Future of Retail, InternetRetailing EXPO, omnichannel, retail, shopping, VR


text:
#ifndef __C_D3D8_SHADER_MATERIAL_RENDERER_H_INCLUDED__
#define __C_D3D8_SHADER_MATERIAL_RENDERER_H_INCLUDED__

#include "IrrCompileConfig.h"
#ifdef _IRR_WINDOWS_API_

#ifdef _IRR_COMPILE_WITH_DIRECT3D_8_
#include <d3d8.h>
#include <d3dx8core.h>

#include "IMaterialRenderer.h"
#include "S3DVertex.h"

namespace irr
{
namespace video
{

class IVideoDriver;
class IShaderConstantSetCallBack;
class IMaterialRenderer;

//! Class for using vertex and pixel shaders with D3D8
class CD3D8ShaderMaterialRenderer : public IMaterialRenderer
{
public:

	//! Public constructor
	CD3D8ShaderMaterialRenderer(IDirect3DDevice8* d3ddev, video::IVideoDriver* driver,
		s32& outMaterialTypeNr, const c8* vertexShaderProgram, const c8* pixelShaderProgram,
		IShaderConstantSetCallBack* callback, IMaterialRenderer* baseMaterial, s32 userData);

	//! Destructor
	~CD3D8ShaderMaterialRenderer();

	virtual void OnSetMaterial(const video::SMaterial& material, const video::SMaterial& lastMaterial,
		bool resetAllRenderstates, video::IMaterialRendererServices* services);

	virtual void OnUnsetMaterial();

	virtual bool OnRender(IMaterialRendererServices* service, E_VERTEX_TYPE vtxtype);

	//! Returns if the material is transparent.
	virtual bool isTransparent() const;

protected:

	//! constructor only for use by derived classes who want to
	//! create a fall back material for example.
	CD3D8ShaderMaterialRenderer(IDirect3DDevice8* d3ddev,
								video::IVideoDriver* driver,
								IShaderConstantSetCallBack* callback,
								IMaterialRenderer* baseMaterial, s32 userData=0);

	void init(s32& outMaterialTypeNr, const c8* vertexShaderProgram, const c8* pixelShaderProgram,
		E_VERTEX_TYPE type);
	bool createPixelShader(const c8* pxsh);
	bool createVertexShader(const char* vtxsh, E_VERTEX_TYPE type);

	IDirect3DDevice8* pID3DDevice;
	video::IVideoDriver* Driver;
	IShaderConstantSetCallBack* CallBack;
	IMaterialRenderer* BaseMaterial;

	DWORD VertexShader;
	DWORD OldVertexShader;
	DWORD PixelShader;
	s32 UserData;
};

} // end namespace video
} // end namespace irr

#endif
#endif
#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
HbD Breakdown
HbD Masks
BTLNHL Countdown
BTLNHL Vintage
HbD Interviews
HbD Playoff Predictions
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NHL Playoffs 2021: Cup Finals Countdown and Predictions
By JVDW
Round 3 was kind to aesthetics, with both our brand-based picks advancing to the Cup Finals. Congrats to Montreal and Tampa Bay! That brings us to 7-for-14, back at .500, which is probably as good as most of your own brackets, or at least better than your North Division brackets.
Now that it's the Cup Finals, let's rank all 15 of the match-ups from the entire playoffs! Why not? There's so much time in-between games now, you've got lots of time to through long ranking lists like this. And aside from a few duds, there were a huge amount of really nice jersey match-ups.
Plus, it will give a few "oh yeah, that series happened" moments.
• More: NHL Playoffs 2021: Round 1 Countdown and Predictions
As a quick recap, here's how this works. We'll compare the overall branding of each series and see how they match-up. This includes the logos, alternate logos, jerseys, historical logos and jerseys, general legacy and everything else that builds a team's brand.
But on top of that, the match-ups are going to be ranked according to which will be the best to watch from an aesthetic standpoint. Some jerseys work better together than others, and you'll see why. After 9 post-seasons (not including the current one), we're 69-for-143, or 48.3%. Trying to get us back to .500.
Okay, like usual, let's start with the worst jersey match-up from the entire 2021 Playoffs…
I surprised myself having this matchup at the bottom. On paper, it seems like a good matchup: lots of blue with a bit of burgundy and yellow to brighten things up. Seems legit.
But, there's three different tones of blue happening here, which starts to become a little bit grating, and the clash of jersey styles (with St Louis going for a classic aesthetic and Colorado with a more contemporary look) makes this visual matchup oddly out-of-sync with each other, and a monotone, dull palette. It's not terrible by any means, but it's the worst of this round the playoffs.
Colorado Avalanche Visual Brand: They've been remarkably consistent in their visual brand since moving from Quebec City in 1995, using the same (mediocre-at-best) logo and recently going back to a jersey inspired strongly by their inaugural jerseys – the best they've worn. And their third jerseys (and Stadium Series jerseys) have been pretty good too, along with an excellent Reverse Retro jersey this season.
• More: BTLNHL #29: Colorado Avalanche
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Colorado Avalanche
St Louis Blues Visual Brand: Their brand is solid (and mostly consistent throughout their existence), with their logo, jerseys, and visual legacy all in the top half of the league, with their historical third jerseys being among the absolute best in the league. But they've made missteps in the past, and then doubled-down on those missteps in recent seasons with their third jerseys and Reverse Retro jerseys, which definitely hurts.
• More: BTLNHL #4: St. Louis Blues
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: St. Louis Blues
Prediction: Colorado in 7 (in 2OT) ✅
It almost all hot colours here…and a lot of them, from Nashville's predilection for all things gold (including their helmets), to Carolina's red. The Preds' almost-black navy blue mixed with the actual-black from the 'Canes gives them a visual connection as well, but otherwise, the red-v-gold is a bit too aggressive with not much else to balance out that intensity, at least for the games in Nashville. With Carolina wearing their black thirds, the games in Raleigh feel a bit too monochromatic.
Carolina Hurricanes Visual Brand: Carolina has a chance here because of – and all apologies to Connecticut – having those amazing Whalers unis on the ice again. It's pretty easily the best jersey they've ever worn, and having a logo mistaken for a toilet bowl doesn't help much.
• More: BTLNHL #19: Carolina Hurricanes
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Carolina Hurricanes
Nashville Predators Visual Brand: They've pretty much got the worst jerseys in the league at this point, with an average logo and some truly horrendous jerseys in their library. They do get bonus points for always been experimental with their visual brand though, pushing the boundaries…for better or worse.
• More: BTLNHL #18: Nashville Predators
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Nashville Predators
Prediction: Hurricanes in 7 ✅
The biggest issue with this matchup is the clash of styles, with Boston's extremely classic approach (tri-stripes, shoulder yoke strip, outlined classic number fonts, etc) mixed with Washington's extremely modern approach (slabs of colour, thin stripes, more unique fonts) not exactly jiving together. Otherwise, this clash or red vs gold is much more muted than the aforementioned Preds-Canes matchup, to its benefit.
Boston Bruins Visual Brand: This is an incredibly strong visual brand, epitomizing the "big, bad" moniker attached to it, using a consistent logo concept since 1948. They're among the best in every single category from a visual brand perspective: great logo (2nd best imo), great jerseys, great legacy. And those Reverse Retro jerseys! They're a brand beast.
• More: BTLNHL Finals: Boston Bruins v Detroit Red Wings
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Boston Bruins
Washington Capitals Visual Brand: Being burdened with what is generally one of the worst logos in the league isn't going to help any brand, which is especially frustrating since they have a great logo in the Weagle staring them in the face. But lacklustre efforts with their jerseys – and, let's be honest, they've never worn a really great jersey ever – means that they're not really improving their brand anywhere else either.
• More: BTLNHL #24: Washington Capitals
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Washington Capitals
Prediction: Bruins in 4 ✅
Oh, what could've been. Carolina seems quasi-allergic to their predominantly-red home jerseys, opting again to go with their inferior and mediocre black third jerseys, removing what would've been a beautifully classic red-vs-blue jersey matchup. Instead, we're treated to that for only the games in Tampa. In Raleigh, it's decidedly monochromatic with just hints of the red-vs-blue that we all deserve.
Tampa Bay Lightning Visual Brand: Decent logo, pretty good uniforms, and a disastrous jersey legacy featuring some of the worst things that ever graced the ice, not to mention their latest addition to a Bolts third jersey library of horrors. Despite all that, they've embraced a superior classically inspired minimalist aesthetic overall and have mostly held to that.
• More: BTLNHL #22: Tampa Bay Lightning
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Tampa Bay Lightning
Prediction: Hurricanes in 7 ❌
The second round had a whole bunch of great matchups making the decision for who claims the top spot very difficult. The third round posed equally difficult decision-making, but for the exact opposite reason. Neither of those matchups were great visually, but for the lesser spot, it's the Knights-Habs.
Sure, there's a lot of colour happening here, but that's part of the problem. It's a visual onslaught with almost equal amounts of red, blue, and yellow melting your retinas while competing for your attention. It also features the league's oldest jersey set vs the league's newest, so the clashing of jersey styles is also on full display here. In short, it's just all too much.
Vegas Golden Knights Visual Brand: The Golden Knights get some decent kudos for their jerseys, but the consensus take on their logo is that it's buried in the bottom half of the league. Their recent forays into alternate jersey territory, which include those gold-weave third jerseys and the red Reverse Retros, are okay, but those gold helmets are completely unforgivable and objectively terrible.
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Vegas Golden Knights
• More: HbD Breakdown: Vegas Golden Knights Third Jersey
Montreal Canadiens Visual Brand: And yeah, it's the Canadiens. The most iconic hockey sweater in existence that has endured for almost 100 years now. The "bleu, blanc et rouge" is on par with the Yankee pinstripes and has been celebrated in book and film. The logo is almost equally iconic. Montreal is a visual brand beast. They don't really miss with their alternate jerseys either, and they never let the '90s influence their brand at all, which gives them a game right there.
• More: BTLNHL #5: Montreal Canadiens
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Montreal Canadiens
Prediction: Canadiens in 4 ✅
And now we have the re-match of last year's Conference Finals Round 3 matchup. And we have the opposite problem from the Habs-Knights jersey matchup: there's not really enough colour. Or rather, there's a lot of blue here, with only a bit of orange to break it up, so it comes across as a little bit basic. Don't get me wrong, these are still two good jersey sets, but slap them together over a 7-game series and, well, there's not much diversity to it. But still, they're two sets of classically-designed jerseys with simple solid striping and liberal use of colours, so it gets this round's nod for the top spot.
New York Islanders Visual Brand: Their current classic look is great…for the Islanders. The consensus is that they still don't have a great logo, their jerseys are not too bad, and their recent third jerseys don't stand up against some of the others in the league (and they have a history of some much, much worse ones). Oh, and Captain Gorton is still too recent to be completely forgotten.
• More: BTLNHL #20: New York Islanders
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: New York Islanders
Prediction: Lightning in 7 (in OT) ✅
The inaugural Battle of Florida playoff series is a classic blue-vs-red jersey matchup, which is usually a great thing. But as you can see, both the road white jerseys suffer from a lack of colour in general, especially since the Panther's wear blue pants. As a result, each of the home-away matchups come off a little bit dull despite everything else with not enough colour.
Florida Panthers Visual Brand: Their new visual brand from the 2016-17 season made these cats look more refined and grown up. And good riddance. Their original logo/jersey was never very good, being too complicated and cartoonish and the colour scheme of blue, red and yellow (all the primary colours) with the beige of the logo, is just too aggressive and obnoxious to work (although, their Reverse Retro jerseys helped clean some of that up). You gotta give them points for at least being very consistent with just the one major brand change since their inception in 1993.
• More: BTLNHL #26: Florida Panthers
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Florida Panthers
Prediction: Panthers in 7 ❌
Orange and blue are complementary colours, and they're on full display here, with the Oilers' orange jersey providing the perfect counter to the Jets' home white-and-blues, with the navy blue being the natural connector between the two sets. The games in Winnipeg, though, are a bit more bland, with not enough contrast happening to offset all that blue, making it a bit too monochromatic.
Edmonton Oilers Visual Brand: A story of extremes, Edmonton has won more Cups than the vast majority of the league, and have been mostly terrible for the last decade plus, until McDavid and Draisaitl developed stronger back to carry the team on. They have one of the better logos in the league and, despite dabbling in different colour schemes (see: navy and copper), then going back to their classic orange and blue from their glory days, and now sadly having a distorted version of those colours that just don't quite work as well.
• More: BTLNHL #11: Edmonton Oilers
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Edmonton Oilers
Winnipeg Jets Visual Brand: The Jets visual brand is the epitome of middle-of-the-road. An average logo. An average jersey set. And (aside from their glorious recent Heritage Classic jerseys) it's pretty much always been that way. Oh, and their third jersey is a total rip-off too, which doesn't help.
• More: BTLNHL #15: Winnipeg Jets
• More: HbD Breakdown: Jets and Sharks Third Jerseys
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Winnipeg Jets
Prediction: Oilers in 7 ❌
I was not expecting to like this matchup but, it's pretty solid. Vegas' jerseys need something with a good amount of colour to balance their grey/white aesthetic, and though forest green isn't exactly a vibrant colour, there's a lot of it on the Minnesota jerseys. The small amounts of red on both uniform sets actually form a visual connection between them, as well as the gold provided a little more visual intensity. Add in the similar contemporary jersey aesthetics, and you've got a solid matchup.
Minnesota Wild Visual Brand: Their logo is generally well-loved (except by me, apparently) and one of the better ones in the league. That, and some really great, understated jersey design over the last decade has solidified their visual brand as the best to emerge from the most recents waves of expansion in the last 20+ years.
• More: BTLNHL #16: Minnesota Wild
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Minnesota Wild
Prediction: Wild in 5 ❌
From the Carolina-Tampa match-up, it's a large step up to the top 3 matchups, each of which could argue for the top spot on this list. The Colorado-Vegas matchup (on top of being probably the series to watch in the second round) is surprisingly great from an aesthetic standpoint. It's all non-traditional and contemporary colours and jersey designs, and like I've said before, Vegas needs a jersey with a lot of colour playing against it to look good, and Colorado brings that. The gold, burgundy, and royal blue play off each other really well. So why third? Because the other matchups are pretty great too, as you'll see.
Prediction: Avalanche in 6 ❌
This is another classic red-vs-white matchup featuring two classically-designed jerseys, similar to the Habs/Leafs matchup from the previous round. The difference here is that the Jets use a predominantly navy blue jersey with de-intensifies the colour, looking closer to black than the blue the Leafs where, so it keeps this matchup out of the top spot. It's still pretty great, especially with the small amount of red in the Jets' unis connecting to the Habs' unis, and vice versa with the blue.
With Pittsburgh wearing their gold third jerseys, that changes that dynamic here, with a heavy dose of a great blue-yellow colour combination between the two teams, along with a healthy dose of Islander orange. Plus, with two classically-designed jerseys, and you've got an aggressive, colourful series.
Pittsburgh Penguins Visual Brand: No expansion team has played with their jersey design more than the Penguins, going from baby blue, to navy blue, to gold, to white, to Vegas gold, to a lettered-chest, to gradients. It's exhausting. But their logo (aside from their corporate robo-penguin) has remained consistent. And they've finally settled on what's their best jerseys of all time. They took a weird, winding, creative path, but they got there.
• More: BTLNHL #6: Pittsburgh Penguins
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Pittsburgh Penguins
Prediction: Penguins in 6 ❌
Similar to the Islanders' first round opponents, the Bruins feature a black-and-gold jersey set that really combines well the Isles' classic blue-and-orange look. And as black jerseys go, Boston pretty much has the best one in the league, with lots of gold and white to set up some aggressive contrast. Add in that they're both classically-designer jerseys, and you've got an aesthetically-great matchup.
Prediction: Boston in 5 ❌
We're about to see the top jerseys match-up of the entire 2021 playoffs, and these represent the knock-off version. It's so incredibly similar to the #1 spot, but, it's not the original version of it, so we'll let the top spot give you the breakdown.
Prediction: Canadiens in 5
C'mon, was there another choice? The playoff matchup Canadian fans (or at least, Canadian media) have been slobbering in anticipation of for who-knows how many years is finally here, and it's the most classic blue-vs-red jersey matchup you could ever hope for. It's just so…beautiful. There's no black anywhere, lots of colour, classic jersey designs (the quintessentially classic jersey designs, actually) – it all adds up to easily the best visual matchup of the first round.
Toronto Maple Leafs Visual Brand: Toronto's generally renowned for having one of the best logos and best visual legacies in the league, so it's tough to see anyone somehow getting by the Leafs here. Their jerseys are great, and while that Stadium Series uniform was a hard pass along with a mediocre Reverse Retro jersey, there's just so much history here.
• More: BTLNHL #8: Toronto Maple Leafs
• More: Worst to First Jerseys: Toronto Maple Leafs
Prediction: Canadiens in 7 (in OT) ✅
Agree? Disagree? Let us know in the comments below or join the conversation on Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram!
2020 Playoffs
HbyD Roundtable: 2022 Olympic Jerseys
HbD Masks: 2022 Winter Classic Masks
HbyD Breakdown: Tampa Bay Lightning Stadium Series Jerseys
HbyD Breakdown: Nashville Predators' Stadium Series Jerseys
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text:
Microsoft word - tech corner article
Bioequivalence of Topical Dermatological Drug Products
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341 *To whom correspondence should be addressed: 1. Introduction
Topical dosage forms are liquid or semisolid dosage forms, which are not intended for systemic absorption. These dosage forms comprise solutions, lotions, gels, ointments, patches, and foams; that are applied onto the skin either to elicit therapeutic effect within the The Code of Federal Regulations: 21 CFR § 320.1 has the following definitions: a) Drug product means a finished dosage form, e.g., tablet, capsule, or solution, that
contains the active drug ingredient, generally, but not necessarily, in association with b) Bioavailability (BA) is the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety
is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of action. For drug products that are not intended to be absorbed into the bloodstream, BA may be assessed by measurements intended to reflect the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety becomes available at the site of action. c) Pharmaceutical equivalents (PE) means drug products in identical dosage forms that
contain identical amounts of the identical active drug ingredient, i.e., the same salt or ester of the same therapeutic moiety, or, in the case of modified release dosage forms that require a reservoir or overage or such forms as prefilled syringes where residual volume may vary, that deliver identical amounts of the active drug ingredient over the identical dosing period; do not necessarily contain the same inactive ingredients; and meet the identical compendial or other applicable standard of identity, strength, quality, and purity, including potency and, where applicable, content uniformity, disintegration times, d) Pharmaceutical alternatives (PA) means drug products that contain the identical
therapeutic moiety, or its precursor, but not necessarily in the same amount or dosage form or as the same salt or ester. Each such drug product individually meets either the identical or its own respective compendial or other applicable standard of identity, strength, quality, and purity, including potency and, where applicable, content uniformity, disintegration times and/or dissolution rates. e) Bioequivalence (BE) is the absence of a significant difference in the rate and extent to
which the active ingredient or active moiety in pharmaceutical equivalents (PE) or
pharmaceutical alternatives (PA) becomes available at the site of drug action when
administered at the same molar dose under similar conditions in an appropriately Establishing BE for Topical Dermatological Drug Products has been a topic of discussion for many years between scientific community and the regulatory agency. Despite great advances in addressing the issues related to topical bioequivalence, many challenges remain due to the complexity of drug transport through the skin from different formulations and lack of harmonized guidance documents. Siewert et al. (2003) have acknowledged that no single test procedure would be suitable for the development, biopharmaceutical characterization, and quality control of all semi-solid topical dosage forms. The FDA's current approval strategy for most of the topical drug products (New Drug Application/Abbreviated New Drug Application) is based on clinical studies. Clinical trials to prove BE often lack sensitivity and require large and costly trials (FDA's Critical Path Initiative § 4.3.3, 2004; Narkar, 2010). It may not be cost effective for generic manufacturers to conduct large clinical trials. Several surrogate methods have been in development to address this issue as summarized in this review. However, adoption by industry is limited. The reason could be less competition for a relatively smaller market of topical dosage forms when compared to other dosage forms. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has put conditions on Novartis AG's Acquisition of Fougera Holdings, Inc. in order to protect the
competition in the skin care market for certain products. The scope of this review is to summarize different methods that can facilitate establishing BE of Topical Dermatological Drug Products. 2. Regulations Governing Bioequivalence in USA
The Code of Federal Regulation (CFR), Title 21, describes how the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates food, drugs, cosmetics, biologics, tobacco products, veterinary products, radiation emitting products, and medical devices in the US. As part of Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the FDA's mandate is to protect and promote public health. There have been significant amendments to the Food, Drug and Cosmetics legislation ever since the Sulfanilamide Elixir tragedy in 1937 (Skelly, 2009; Table 1). The US enacted the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (DPCA 1984), widely known as the Hatch-Waxman Act, to lower the raising costs of prescription drugs by increasing the competition among manufacturers. The generic industry has flourished by the virtue of this legislation. However, due to lack of reliable alternative methods, clinical studies are required to establish BE of Topical Dermatological Drug Products (FDA's Critical Path Initiative § 4.3.3, 2004). Topical BE has been a topic of much discussion among researchers, industry, and agency (Table 1). Table 1 Regulatory information pertaining to BE of Topical Dermatological Drug Products1
Year Comments
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) – required evidence of safety for market approval of new drug products The Kefauver-Harris Amendments established drug safety and effectiveness requirement from the manufacturers The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 – Title I: Abbreviated New Drug Application; Title II: Patent Extension (Hatch-Waxman Act) Interim Guidance, Topical Corticosteroids: In Vivo BE and In Vitro Methods The FDA's Guidance for Industry: Nonsterile Semisolid Dosage Forms Scale-Up and Post Approval Changes: Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls; In Vitro Release Testing and Bioequivalence (SUPAC-SS) The FDA's Draft Guidance-Not for Implementation, Topical Dermatological Drug Product NDAs and ANDAs — In Vivo Bioavailability, Bioequivalence, In Vitro Release, and Associated Studies FDA Draft guidance on the Skin stripping method withdrawn due to contradictory results from two independent laboratories FDA's Critical Path Initiative: To drive innovation in the scientific processes through which medical products are developed, evaluated, and manufactured. FDA Guidance recommends in vivo bioequivalence of topical dermatologic corticosteroids based on pharmacodynamics approach (Stoughton-McKenzie vasoconstrictor assay) FDA's Critical Path Opportunities for Generic Drugs: 4.3.3 BE of Topical 3Mar 13 Workshop on the evaluation of Topical Drug Products  Development and 1http://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/default.htm 2Described DPK methodology for establishing BE for topical products 3Expected date; organized by Product Quality Research Institute (PQRI) 3. BE of Topical Dermatological Drug Products
In order to get an approval to market a generic copy of "pioneer or innovator drug product" must demonstrate bioequivalence to the Reference Listed Drug (RLD) in compliance with DPCA 1984. Simple solutions or liquid dosage forms may be exempted from this The new drug application relies on already existing safety and/or efficacy data of already approved drug product, but must demonstrate non-inferiority to the RLD, for example, seeking approval of cream dosage form to the RLD (ointment or 3.1.2. Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) The new drug products intended for approval through the § 505(j) of DPCA 1984 (Table "Same drug product formulation means the formulation of the drug product submitted for
approval and any formulations that have minor differences in composition or method of manufacture from the formulation submitted for approval, but are similar enough to be relevant to the agency's determination of bioequivalence" (21 CFR § 320.1). In the case of any changes to the already approved product (same drug formulation), the NDA or ANDA holder may document BE with respect to unchanged formulation. The FDA's Guidance for Industry: Nonsterile Semisolid Dosage Forms Scale-Up and Post Approval Changes: Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls; In Vitro Release Testing and Bioequivalence (SUPAC-SS, 1997) provides recommendations for pharmaceutical sponsors. The guidance defines "(1) the levels of change; (2) recommended chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) tests to support each level of change; (3) recommended in vitro release tests and/or in vivo bioequivalence tests to support each level of change; and (4) documentation to support 4. Demonstration of BE for Topical Dermatological Drug Products
Demonstration of PE and BE for Topical Dermatological Drug Products must be based on the intuitive choice from several available techniques. As envisaged by Franz (2011), a systematic approach for selecting an appropriate surrogate test can be adapted to establish BE (Figure 1). The choice primarily depends on the therapeutic target and secondly the type of vehicle in which drug is formulated with emphasis on Q3 equivalence (Lionberger, 2004). Skin being the largest organ of the body, has several biologically and chemically distinct layers. To simplify the structure of skin with respect to partitioning of drugs, the outermost layer (stratum corneum) is lipophilic and protects the underlying dermis, which is hydrophilic. Thus, drug release from various vehicles (creams, lotions, gels, ointments, and foams) and diffusion into or through the skin is complex. Figure 1 Systematic approach to selecting an appropriate surrogate test to establish
Bioequivalence of Topical Dermatological Drug Products (Franz TJ, AAPS Annual Meeting,
October 2011); IVRT: In Vitro Release Testing, TEWL: Trans Epidermal Water Loss, IVPT: In
Vitro Permeation Testing
Lionberger (2004) has classified the pharmaceutical equivalence of semisolid dosage  Q1 equivalence  qualitative similar components as RLD  Q2 equivalence  quantitatively similar components as RLD  Q3 equivalence  Q1 and Q2 with structural similarity as RLD IVRT utilizes widely accepted Franz diffusion cells to estimate rate of drug release from drug products. It involves the application of a drug product on to a membrane (synthetic membrane, excised animal skin, or excised human skin) that separates the donor and receiver chambers. The receiver chamber simulates sink conditions in vivo. The rate of delivery obtained from these studies is assumed to be similar to the in vivo situation. The method has been widely employed in discovery research for screening formulations and understanding mechanism of cutaneous drug transport (Narkar, 2010). However, it is not recognized as a surrogate for in vivo BA/BE of new drug products (SUPAC-SS, 1997). However, Franz et al. (2009) have reported substantial evidence of in vitro – in vivo correlation (maximum rate of absorption, total absorption, and time to maximum rate of absorption) using dermatomed cadaver human trunk skin (0.5 – 0.9 mm; finite dose model) for glucocorticoids and retinoid dosage forms of different vehicles when compared to respective RLD. (Glucocorticoid formulations: Alclometasone dipropionate cream and ointment 0.05%, Halobetasol cream and ointment 0.05%, Mometasone ointment 0.1%; Retinoid formulations: Tretinoin gels 0.01%, 0.025%) It is important to note that in vitro excised human skin model provided discriminatory evidence across different vehicles (Alclometasone dipropionate cream versus Ointment; Betamethasone valerate foam versus lotion) in contrast to non-discriminatory vasoconstriction assay (Franz TJ et al., 2009). In addition, Lehman et al., in their recent evaluation of literature, have concluded that using excised human skin would establish better in vitro – in vivo correlation, provided the study protocols are harmonized. SUPACSS (1997) provides a detailed description of the method along with recommended instructions in the event of any changes to the already approved drug Tape stripping provides information on drug uptake, apparent steady-state levels, and drug elimination from the stratum corneum based on a stratum corneum concentration- time curve (FDA's Draft Guidance, 1998). This method is also known as the dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK) approach similar to blood, plasma, and urine analysis for drug concentrations as a function of time. Though the draft guidance document was withdrawn in 2002, the FDA has recommended it as surrogate method for certain class of drugs, for example antifungals that target the stratum corneum itself (Narkar, 2010). However, Au et al. (2010) have illustrated the potential of standardized TS methods; demonstrating the BE of two 0.05% clobetasol propionate cream formulations and bio-inequivalence of cream and ointment formulations. Pershing et al. (2003) have shown direct correlation between DPK parameters in healthy patients and clinical safety/efficacy of tretinoin gel products in Microdialysis is a continuous sampling technique in which the molecule of interest is collected from the target tissue; thus providing insight into the time course of drug action or biochemical monitoring of the tissue. The technique can be imagined as an artificial capillary, in which a hollow semipermeable probe is carefully inserted into the site of interest: brain, muscle, eye, and skin. Therefore, it provides valuable information of unbound drug concentrations or biomarkers at the site closer to the pharmacological action compared to the conventional plasma/blood drug concentration versus time. Though it was developed for neurological research, it has gained acceptance in other areas of research. Stenken et al. (2010), in their quest to answer, "how minimally invasive is microdialysis in human skin," have concluded that "probe insertion in the skin leads to inflammatory responses, both acute and chronic, and an immunological probe rejection response, all of which have the potential to affect experimental microdialysis in different ways." However, with respect to sampling of drug molecules from the skin, perturbation of blood flow to the local tissue is critical which would recover to normal in approximately two hours. The technique has been successfully adopted and demonstrated for dermatological research as well as for demonstrating the BE of topical dosage forms (Narkar, 2010, Stenken et al., 2010). The technique has shown promise in published and unpublished research in our laboratories for monitoring intradermal and subcutaneous tissue drug concentrations after application of transdermal drug formulations (Chaturvedula et al., 2005; Katikaneni et al., 2011; Paturi et al, 2010; Benfeldt et al. (2007) have estimated, based on the variability component of dermal microdialysis of Lidocaine cream and ointment products, the number of subjects as 27 for demonstrating BE with 90% CI and 80 –125% BE limits using two probes in each test area, or 18 subjects using three probes per formulation application site. The required number of subjects using dermal microdialysis is relatively smaller compared to traditional clinical efficacy trials requiring as many as 300 patients for demonstrating BE Dermal microdialysis technique is appealing, however, faces many limitations; such as technical difficulties, protein binding, variability associated with the recovery, and tissue Various spectroscopic methods, including ATR-FTIR, NIR, and Raman, have been investigated for non-invasive measurement of the drug in the skin. Not all molecules can have quantifiable spectral features, which can be used to distinguish from the stratum corneum (Narkar, 2010). NIR has been widely explored as one of the process analytical technology tools in the pharmaceutical industry. The promising feature of NIR is relatively rapid data acquisition and in vivo applicability. 4.6. Pharmacological Response to Demonstrate BE Pharmacodynamic approaches based on pharmacological response are more appropriate for dosage forms intended for local action at the site of application. Topical glucocorticoids (TG) are formulated in various vehicles to treat atopic dermatitis and psoriasis (Wiedersberg S, 2008). FDA Guidance recommends demonstrating in vivo BE of topical dermatologic corticosteroids based on the pharmacodynamics approach, Stoughton-McKenzie vasoconstrictor assay (Table 1). This test is based on the chromameter readings of skin blanching effect resulting from vasoconstrictive action of Several other tests were reported in the literature, for example, laser Doppler flow meter for measuring the blood flow to assess topical NSAIDs; Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) to evaluate absorption of retinoids; skin temperature increase by nicotinic acid esters (Narkar, 2010; Wiedersberg et al., 2008). 5. Conclusion
The intricacy of cutaneous drug delivery is very well addressed in the literature. Nevertheless, there is a knowledge gap between industry and regulatory agencies. It will not be possible to have a single step solution for demonstrating the BE of all Topical Dermatological Drug Products. However, FDA's Guidance documents on surrogate methods could not only reduce US healthcare costs by encouraging competition among companies, but also increase the emphasis on product quality, in particular Q3 equivalence. 6. References
Note: Please refer the following references for detailed information.
Au WL, Skinner M, Kanfer I. Comparison of tape stripping with the human skin blanching assay for the bioequivalence assessment of topical clobetasol propionate formulations. J Pharm Pharm Sci. (2010) 13(1):11-20. Benfeldt E, Hansen SH, Vølund A, Menné T, Shah VP. Bioequivalence of topical formulations in humans: evaluation by dermal microdialysis sampling and the dermatopharmacokinetic method. J Invest Dermatol. (2007) 127(1): 170-8. Chaturvedula A, Joshi DP, Anderson C, Morris R, Sembrowich WL, Banga AK. Dermal, subdermal, and systemic concentrations of granisetron hydrochloride by iontophoretic delivery, Pharm Res. (2005) 22:1313-1319. Chen ML, Shah V, Patnaik R, Adams W, Hussain A, Conner D, Mehta M, Malinowski H, Lazor J, Huang SM, Hare D, Lesko L, Sporn D, Williams R. Bioavailability and bioequivalence: an FDA regulatory overview. Pharm Res. (2001) 18(12): 1645-50. CFR  Code of Federal Regulation, Title 21: Food and Drugs, Chapter I  Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services, Subchapter D  Drugs for human use, Part 320 Bioavailability and Bioequivalence requirements §320.1  definitions http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?cfrpart=320 (Accessed October 2012) Food and Drug Administration's Critical Path Initiative § 4.3.3, (March 2004) http://www.fda.gov/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/CriticalPathInitiative/ucm076689.htm (Accessed October 2012) Food and Drug Administration's Regulatory information, http://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/default.htm (Accessed October 2012) Franz TJ, Lehman PA, Raney SG. Use of excised human skin to assess the bioequivalence of topical products. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. (2009) 22(5): 276-86. FTC File No. 121-0144, http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2012/09/novartis.shtm (Accessed October 2012) Generic competition and drug prices, http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/OfficeofMedicalProductsandTobacco/CDER/ucm129385.htm (Accessed October 2012) Holmgaard R, Benfeldt E, Nielsen JB, Gatschelhofer C, Sorensen JA, Höfferer C, Bodenlenz M, Pieber TR, Sinner F. Comparison of open-flow microperfusion and microdialysis methodologies when sampling topically applied fentanyl and benzoic acid in human dermis ex vivo. Pharm Res. (2012) 29(7): 1808-20. Kamal K. Midha and Gordon McKay, Bioequivalence; Its History, Practice, and Future. The AAPS Journal, (2009) 11(4): 664-70. Katikaneni S, Kasha P, Badkar A, Banga A. Iontophoresis of a 13 kDa protein monitored by subcutaneous microdialysis in vivo, Bioanalysis (2011) 3(21): 2419-2426. Lehman PA, Raney SG, Franz TJ. Percutaneous absorption in man: in vitro-in vivo correlation. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. (2011) 24(4): 224-30. Lionberger R. Topical Bioequivalence Update at: Advisory Committee for Pharmaceutical Science, (April 2004) http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/AC/04/slides/4034S2_12_Lionberger.ppt. (Accessed October 2012) Narkar Y. Bioequivalence for topical products—an update. Pharm Research, (2010) 27(12): 2590-601. Paturi J, Kim HD, Chakraborty B, Friden PM, Banga AK. Transdermal and intradermal iontophoretic delivery of dexamethasone sodium phosphate: Quantification of the drug localized in skin, J. Drug Target. (2010) 18(2): 134-140. Pershing LK, Nelson JL, Corlett JL, Shrivastava SP, Hare DB, Shah VP. Assessment of dermatopharmacokinetic approach in the bioequivalence determination of topical tretinoin gel products. J Am Acad Dermatol. (2003) 48(5): 740-51. Shah VP, Flynn GL, Yacobi A, Maibach HI, Bon C, Fleischer NM, Franz TJ, Kaplan SA, Kawamoto J, Lesko LJ, Marty JP, Pershing LK, Schaefer H, Sequeira JA, Shrivastava SP, Wilkin J, Williams RL. Bioequivalence of topical dermatological dosage forms  methods of evaluation of bioequivalence. AAPS/FDA Workshop on 'Bioequivalence of Topical Dermatological Dosage Forms  Methods of Evaluating Bioequivalence', September 4-6, 1996, Bethesda, Md. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. (1998) 11(2): 117-24. Siddoju S, Sachdeva V, Friden PM, Banga AK. Iontophoretic delivery of acyclovir: Intradermal drug monitoring using microdialysis and quantification by skin extraction, PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, (2011) 65 (5): 432-444. Singh GJ, Fleischer N, Lesko L, Williams R. Evaluation of the proposed FDA Pilot dose-response methodology for Topical Corticosteroid Bioequivalence Testing. Pharm Res. (1998) (1): 4-7. Siewert M, Dressman J, Brown CK, Shah VP. FIP; AAPS. FIP/AAPS guidelines to dissolution/in vitro release testing of novel/special dosage forms. AAPS PharmSciTech., (2003) 4(1): E7. Skelly JP. A history of biopharmaceutics in the Food and Drug Administration 1968-1993. AAPS J. (2010) 12(1): 44-50. Stenken JA, Church MK, Gill CA, Clough GF. How minimally invasive is microdialysis sampling? A cautionary note for cytokine collection in human skin and other clinical studies. AAPS J. (2010) 12(1): 73-8. Topical dermatological corticosteriods: in vivo bioequivalence, FDA (1995), Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/old098fn.pdf. (Accessed October 2012) Wiedersberg S, Leopold CS, Guy RH. Bioavailability and bioequivalence of topical glucocorticoids. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. (2008) 68(3): 453-66.
Source: http://www.aaps.org/uploadedFiles/Functional/AAPS_Section_Discussion_Board/Discussion_Board_FD/FDDTechArticleDec2012.pdf
ahealthyview.com.au
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Microsoft word - dopping iii.számú melléklet
A Magyar Dinamikus Lövészsport Szövetség Dopping Ellenes Szabályzata III. számú melléklete. Dopping tiltólista – 2013 – Hatóanyag szerinti teljes lista Magyarországon forgalomban lévő, a hatályos szabályozás szerint doppinglistán szereplő hatóanyagot tartalmazó készítménye A lista a készítmény neveket és zárójelben a WADA csoportot ill. a Magyaror


Ambulatory Alliances, LLC has established deep and wide strategic relationships and ASC partnerships with organizations that service the ambulatory market and have many ASC strategic partners. We work with lawyers, lenders, management companies, valuation firms, accounts and billing and collection firms. If you have a need, just ask.


The Chinese armed forces were at first equipped with a variety of available commercially vehicles. In 1932 the Chinese Defense Ministry began, therefore, with a simplification of the car fleet. The aim was a standard car (Jeep) in three weight classes: light, medium und heavy. These cars should have: permanent four-wheel drive, Locking differential, standard chassis und replaceable wear parts.
Meanwhile, it has been shown that a division into 3 classes in this type of vehicle is unprofitable. For this reason, the Hanta was developed as the standard vehicle.
China with its rivers and everglades is an ideal terrain for an amphibious vehicle. The Chosen-Sino War showed a demand of such a vehicle and therefore the Chinese Army developed this vehicle out of the new standard light cross country vehicle, the Hanta.


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L'Ordine della Gloria (in ottomano: Nişan-ı İftihar) fu un'onorificenza cavalleresca dell'Impero ottomano.

L'onorificenza venne fondata dal sultano Mahmud II il 19 agosto 1831. Con la fondazione dell'Ordine di Medjidie che difatti andò a rimpiazzarlo, l'ordine cadde in disuso ma formalmente continuò a rimanere in essere al punto che esemplari se ne sono riscontrati anche durante il regno di Abdulhamid II.

Insegna
 La medaglia consisteva in una tughra del sultano ottomano Mahmud II in oro su una medaglia del medesimo materiale, attorniata da una decorazione consistente in un nastro e rami d'alloro in argento e brillanti.
 La placca era una stella raggiante a punte d'argento e brillanti riprendente la foggia della medaglia;
 Il nastro era rosso con una striscia verde per parte.

Altri progetti

Onorificenze turche


Italy's fastest train, the Frecciarossa runs up to a magnificent top speed of 190mph and offers a slick and punctual service up and down Italy. Translating to the Red Arrow in English, the Frecciarossa is Trenitalia premier rail service, offering four different class with each one providing comfortable seats, capable air-conditioning and superb staff who are helpful and professional. At the time of writing, upgrades are in fact, currently underway to take the maximum speed up to 220mph, bringing the high speed service into the 21st century.
Originally known as the Italian Eurostar, the Frecciarossa forms up part of Le Frecce, a series of high speed trains operating up and down the country. These trains are operated by the Ternitalia company, and were originally introduce in 1997 as the Eurostar. By 2012, the Italian Eurostar trains were changed into different categories, with Frecciarossa being the fastest and Frecciargento being the second fastest, and the Frecciablanco being the least fast. The Frecciarossa offers Executive, Business, Premium and Standard Class as well as a well-stocked restaurant car.


Cheryl Perkins, Founder and President of Innovationedge (a global strategic innovation consultancy based in Wisconsin) will be speaking at The Invention & New Product Exposition (INPEX) conference from June 11-14, 2008. Cheryl's presentation will address "The Keys to Sustainable Innovation", which highlights her background on topics such as holistic innovation, the innovation imperative, innovation opportunities and more.
The Invention & New Product Exposition (INPEX) (http://www.inpex.com) takes place June 11-14, 2008 in Pittsburgh, Pa.
The topic of Perkins' presentation will be "The Keys to Sustainable Innovation"
The presentation will include specifics such as holistic innovation, the innovation imperative, innovation opportunities, the Lifecycle of innovation, innovation model and principles, and case studies of the most innovative companies.
"To have to opportunity to talk about open innovation with some of the nation's top inventors at INPEX is an honor. Open innovation is such an important practice in today's business, I'm excited to see the ideas that will come from the innovation leaders in attendance," said Cheryl Perkins.
Innovationedge is a global strategic innovation consultancy based in Wisconsin. The team's fearless champions of innovation break barriers to help executives define their business strategy, develop new capabilities, design a winning organizational structure, and deliver breakthrough innovations through a robust growth pipeline of solutions and new-to-the-world innovations. The company also gives inventors an edge by crafting winning business propositions and creating strategic corporate partnerships that deliver commercial success. For more information, visit innovationedge.


The lovely gals at Finders Keepers recently asked Anna Lise De Lorenzo and I for our favourite winter warmers!
Click here to see our top 6 favourite indie design items, including some ah-mazing sporks (if I do say so myself!)!


Japanese law firm Nishimura & Asahi (N&A) has announced a new association with Indonesian law firm Walalangi & Partners (W&P) as part of the firm's strategy to strengthen and expand its Indonesian network.
W&P was founded by experienced Indonesian corporate and financing lawyer Luky Walalangi, and has been fully operational from 1 January 2018. Walalangi is supported by a team of Indonesian lawyers as well as one Japanese lawyer who will be transferred from N&A's head office in Tokyo.
The firm's focus will be on supporting inbound investment and financing activity in a variety of sectors with a focus on Japanese investment into Indonesia, working in close co-operation with N&A in addition to building relationships with domestic corporate clients.
"Our firm has been involved in Indonesian business for a number of years and the opportunity to develop a close relationship based around supporting the strategic needs of our clients in Indonesia is fundamental to delivering the best service to those clients," said N&A's managing partner, Masaki Hosaka.


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Embassy of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Singapore
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Russian public holidays
Russia and Singapore
Bilaterial Relations
Russian Visa Application Centre
Legalization of Documents
Events in Russia
Embassy Ambassador Contacts Russian public holidays
Russia and Singapore About Singapore About Russia Bilaterial Relations
Consular Section Contact Information Visa to Russia Russian Visa Application Centre Notary Services Legalization of Documents Consular Fees Tax Free System in the Russian Federation
Press center News Press Releases Photo
Main Press center NewsOn a State Reception on the occasion of the National Day of Russia
On a State Reception on the occasion of the National Day of Russia
On June 7, 2019 the Russian Embassy hosted a State Reception on the occasion of the National Day of Russia in Shangri-La Hotel which was attended by Members of Parliament, representatives of Singapore ministries and agencies, business, scientific and academic circles, diplomatic and consular corps as well as Russian compatriots.
Ambassador of the Russian Federation Andrey Tatarinov recollected positive results, which Russia and Singapore achieved last year across the whole spectrum of our bilateral ties, emphasizing the importance of the State visit of President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin to Singapore in November 2018.
On behalf of the Singapore Government, the Reception was attended by Minister in the Prime Minister's Office, Second Minister for Education and Finance Indranee Rajah. In her remarks, the Minister highly evaluated the advance of our multifaceted cooperation and expressed her belief in the further strengthening of the relations between Russia and Singapore.
Russian delegation attended INTERPOL World-2019
Press Release on the outcomes of the 2019 Saint Petersburg International Economic Forum
51, Nassim Road, Singapore, 258439
russian_embassy@singnet.com.sg, russia-sg@yandex.ru
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© Embassy of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Singapore, 2019


Bicycle Accidents - Law Offices of Krause & Hirschhorn P.C.
If you have been injured in a bicycle accident, it is essential that you protect your rights and get the necessary medical treatment you need. The Law Offices of Krause & Hirschhorn, P.C., will assist you with understanding the complexity of the personal injury case, vehicle and traffic laws, medical concerns and insurance issues. Our experienced bicycle injury lawyers will fight to make sure you receive full compensation for your losses. Let us take care of the details so you can concentrate on the most important part – your recovery.
Bicycle accidents can be devastating and often result in future hardships for both the injured individual and their family. If a bicyclist is struck by a car while riding his or her bike, this impact can cause serious injuries or even Wrongful Death.
Bike accidents can turn your life upside down. We are here to help, so you can stop worrying about the insurance companies and focus on recovering from your bicycle accident injuries. We take care of all of the paperwork, phone calls, and negotiations, so you can get on with your life.
Because the statute of limitations applies to bicycle accident cases, victims have a limited time in which to file their cases. If you feel you have a bike accident case, it is vital that you act immediately to protect your rights. Contact the Law Offices of Krause & Hirschhorn, P.C., day or night by calling 805-330-1529 or emailing us. We provide a free initial consultation, and there are no fees unless we recover compensation. If you can't travel to us, we can come to you.


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August 16, 2016 at 5:19 pm EDT | by Mariah Cooper
E! cancels 'I Am Cait' after two seasons
(Photo courtesy NBC Universal)
"I Am Cait" won't be returning for a third season.
On Tuesday, Caitlyn Jenner tweeted the news that her reality show would be ending after two seasons.
"After 2 amazing seasons of @IAmCait, it's time for the next adventure. Thank you E! & thank you to the best girlfriends I could ask for!" Jenner writes.
"I Am Cait" was a spinoff series of "Keeping Up With the Kardashians" that premiered in July 2015. The first season followed Jenner as she embarked on her transition journey and examined her relationships with her family. Its premiere episode brought in 2.7 million viewers, but its finale ended with only 500,000 viewers. In season two the focus changed to chronicle Jenner's friend group, consisting mostly of transgender women including actress Candis Cayne, as they set out on a road trip. The shift in tone wasn't the only change for the show as viewership for the second season premiere brought in a mere 745,000 viewers.
Kim Kardashian-West, Kanye West, Kris Jenner, Kylie Jenner, Kendall Jenner, Khloe Kardashian and Kourtney Kardashian all made appearances on the show.
"We are incredibly proud of the two seasons of I Am Cait, a groundbreaking docuseries that sparked an important and unprecedented global conversation about transgender people, their struggles and triumphs," an E! spokesperson said in a statement to The Hollywood Reporter. "Caitlyn and E! have mutually decided not to move forward with another season at this time. She will always remain a part of the E! family, and we look forward to continue following her journey as she appears on 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians.'"
Caitlyn JennerCandis CayneE!I Am Cait
Mariah Cooper
lnm3921
August 16, 2016 at 9:43 pm EDT at 9:43 pm
I guess she wants to free herself up in case Trump gives her that Trans Ambassador opportunity she wanted from Ted Cruz.
Sorry Caitlyn, that gig gets cancelled for you in November, too!


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Jet Airways Flight Lost Communication In German Sky After One Pilot Slept, Other Was On Wrong Frequency
Saurabh SinhaUpdated on Feb 21, 2017, 11:19 IST
Satellite-based communication prevented the 'incommunicado' Jet Airways Mumbai-London flight with 330 passengers on board from getting into more trouble over German skies, when it was intercepted by fighter jets last Thursday, for not responding to air traffic control (ATC) calls.
In fact, 'alert' crew of another Jet flight just ahead of this one came to the rescue of the out-of-reach crew of the flight from Mumbai (9W 118).
The German ATC contacted a Delhi-London flight of Jet Airways (9W 122), which was flying ahead of 9W 118 last Thursday (February 16). The crew of the flight from Delhi contacted Jet Airways' flight operations in India which then used the aircraft communication and addressing system (ACARS) or a satellite phone to contact the pilots of 9W 118.
Once alerted by this satellite-based communication, the Mumbai-London crew spoke to the ATC following which fighter jets flew away and the plane continued its flight to London.
According to sources, one of the pilots of 9W 118 was reportedly taking "controlled rest" - sleeping, something allowed by regulatory agencies - and the other had turned into a wrong frequency, apart from which, his headset volume was low. Due to this, the other pilot could not be reached by the German ATC - due to the wrong frequency. Neither could he be contacted on the universal emergency frequency of 121.5 MHz - with his headset at low volume.
BCCL
When reached for comment, a Jet Airways spokesperson said:
"This issue is being probed by the airline and the Directorate General of Civil Aviation. At this stage, we will not be able to say anything else."
The exact reason why this scare was caused will be known after the probe.
Jet's Mumbai-London flight reportedly remained incommunicado for almost 33 minutes - during which it would have flown almost 500 km -- and the issue began when it was over Czech airspace. While flying from Bratislava to Prague, 9W 118 was on correct frequency as it transmitted and acknowledged messages from the ATC. After that, the crew allegedly switched over to 132.980MHz and did not monitor the emergency frequency.
When it got incommunicado while over Czech Republic and about to enter Germany, the Prague ATC spotted that 9W 122 (Delhi-London) was ahead of the flight from Mumbai. Prague then asked the Rhein ATC (in Germany) to contact the flight from Delhi. (These London-bound planes from India were flying over Czech Republic, among other countries in EU, before entering Germany and then Belgium/Netherland on their way to UK).
The Rhein ATC then used ACARS to get in touch with the flight from Delhi. By this time fighter jets had been scrambled for 9W 118. Finally by the time the flight from Mumbai contacted the ATC, it had entered German airspace and contacted Rhein ATC.
The CVR of the Mumbai-London flight will have details of what exactly happened during the 33 minutes.


The home of Mercedes Benz Fashion Week is ostensibly Lincoln Center, but the reality is that shows are held all over town, with designers showing off-site to cultivate a unique ambiance for their collections. The result is a haired daily schedule that has editors, buyers, and publicists running like mad in an attempt be in two places at once, like yesterday's race from the Thakoon Spring/Summer 2012 Show at The Plaza Hotel to Zac Posen at Lincoln Center.
Can't quite see myself making that mad dask in stilettos! Nice shots here!
Wow. Your work never ceases to amaze.
Great photos. You capture the energy and personal style of these mad dashing women.


In March 2013, Voltech transferred all its power analyzer technology to Tektronix. You may have arrived at this web page by searching for a Voltech power analyzer such as the PM1000+, PM3000 or PM6000.
The PA4000 is a versatile precision 4-channel power analyzer, and the best-in-class PA1000 single-phase power analyzer is optimized for measurements of power, efficiency, standby power and harmonics on power supplies and all electrical equipment during their design and production test. We invite you to learn about the new power measurement solutions from Tektronix by browsing this site.
For service and support on your Voltech PM power analyzer, please click here to return to the Voltech web site.


Topology refers in a general sense to layout; similarly, a network topology defines the layout of the network. The three basic network topologies are bus, star, and ring. Following is a discussion of the different network topologies and their characteristics.
A bus topology uses a main wire (or trunk) to connect all network devices so that they can communicate with one another. The main trunk is fairly cheap to install but expensive to maintain. The figure shows a diagram of a bus topology; notice that all systems are connected to a main cable.
When a workstation sends data to another workstation in a bus topology, data (in the form of an electrical signal) is delivered across the full length of the trunk. Each workstation looks at all data that runs along the trunk. If the data is destined for a particular workstation, that workstation copies the data to the memory on its network adapter.
For example, the figure shows what happens when client A sends information to client B.
The information runs along the trunk.
When it passes by client C, client C checks whether it is also a destination for the information; if not, client C ignores the data.
The information continues down the wire and makes its way to client B.
Client B looks at the data to determine whether the data is destined for it; if so, client B copies the data and stores it in the memory on the network card.
Note that because client B has made a copy of the data, the data is still on the wire. The data continues on the wire past the server and hits the terminator at the end of the trunk segment.
A terminator is a device that absorbs the electrical signal when it reaches the end of the network trunk. If there were no terminator at the end of the cable, the signal would bounce back in the other direction and collide with any new data being placed on the wire. So, to prevent this collision, the terminator grabs any signals that hit it and ensures that it is absorbed off the wire.
In a bus topology, any break in the wire creates a nonterminated end. When there is a nonterminated end on the bus signal bounce occurs and as a result the entire network collapses.
One of the most popular types of network topologies today is the star topology. A star topology, shown here, involves a central component, called a hub (older networks) or a switch (today's networks), which connects all systems and is used to send the electrical signal to all connected systems.
With the star topology shown, if client A sends information to client D, the information first travels from client A to the hub. The hub sends the information through each port on the hub: as a result, reaching each workstation connected to the hub. Each workstation is responsible for determining whether it is the data's intended destination. When client D receives the data, it checks the destination address of the packet, identifies itself as the recipient of the data, and then copies the data to the network adapter's memory. If the data is not destined for the client, the client simply discards the packet.
Today's networks use switches instead of hubs. Here's an example of how a switch works. When client A sends data to client D, the information first travels from client A to the switch and then the switch forwards the information only to the port that client D resides on. The information does not get sent to all the clients connected to the switch, like what a hub does. This data path offers performance benefits and also security benefits.
One of the major benefits of using a star topology is that if a cable breaks, it doesn't take down the entire network like it would with a bus topology; only the workstation connected to the broken cable is affected. If a hub device breaks, however, the entire network fails. In all fairness, though, the cost to implement a star topology might be a little more than a bus topology because of the price of the hub or switch device used.
A mesh topology is a network topology that involves each system having a connection to every other system on the network. This is very costly because you need enough equipment such as network cables and network cards to connect all systems to one another. The benefit of a mesh topology is that you have multiple pathways to send data to any system on the network. This is a way to add fault tolerance to the communication system.
A hybrid topology is a mixture of two or all of the three basic topologies. For example, you could use a bus topology as a main trunk, connect hubs to the main trunk, and then connect the systems to the hubs. This figure shows an example of this type of hybrid topology.
To be more accurate, the configuration shown here could be called a star-bus topology — a star topology mixed with a bus topology. Today, the most popular topology in use is the star topology — or maybe even a hybrid topology using a star-bus layout.
Today's networks allow more mobility for network clients by supporting wireless technologies. To implement a wireless solution, you build a wireless network that uses a wireless topology. A wireless topology typically involves a wired network with wireless clients connecting to the wired network through a wireless access point (WAP), which is a device that sends and receives signals to a wireless client via radio waves (shown).
Notice that the wireless client sends data to the WAP, which has a connection to the wired network. The WAP sends the wireless data to the destination system by sending the signal through the wired media.