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Border communities wait to see if Title 42 restrictions will be lifted soon
By A Martínez,
Communities across the southern border are on edge today, waiting to find out what will happen to pandemic restrictions known as Title 42. Those restrictions were set to end earlier this morning after a federal judge found them unlawful, but the Supreme Court paused that ruling. Now, the governor of Texas has deployed the Texas National Guard to El Paso, a city that's seen an influx of migrants in recent weeks. NPR's Joel Rose is there. Joel, what's it looking like at the border?
JOEL ROSE, BYLINE: Yeah, Texas National Guard troops have deployed to the banks of the Rio Grande between El Paso and Juarez, Mexico, putting up razor wire and essentially cutting off one of the busiest crossing points for migrants trying to turn themselves in to Border Patrol to seek asylum. Immigrant advocates argue that it's illegal for the state to do that, but Texas Governor Greg Abbott is pushing ahead. In a letter published yesterday, he blamed the Biden administration for an influx of migrants at the border, calling it, quote, "a catastrophe of your own making." All of this is happening as the administration is urging the Supreme Court to let the Title 42 restrictions end. The Justice Department acknowledged in its brief yesterday that, yes, lifting those restrictions will likely lead to a temporary increase in unlawful border crossings. But the Justice Department argues it's time for the, quote, "obsolete" policy to go because it's no longer needed to protect public health.
MARTÍNEZ: The city of El Paso - that's where you're at, Joel - has already declared a state of emergency. What's the situation there?
ROSE: Yeah, the city has been dealing with this influx of migrants over the past few weeks, and the strain is showing. Shelters are at capacity. Hundreds of migrants have ended up sleeping on the streets in downtown. Many are even sleeping at the small airport. That's where I met Claudia Anielka Albarado from Nicaragua and her 8-year-old daughter, Sofia, who was playing with a set of wooden blocks.
SOFIA: (Speaking Spanish).
ROSE: Sofia's mother, Claudia Albarado, says she came from Nicaragua with her husband and two children to get away from political instability and violence. They've been sleeping on the floor in the airport for several days, but they don't seem that upset about it. They say volunteers at the airport have given them food and even some toys for Sofia. Mostly, they seem grateful to have a safe place to be after traveling through Mexico.
MARTÍNEZ: Where does the family hope to get to?
ROSE: They're trying to get to North Carolina, where they have family.
CLAUDIA ANIELKA ALBARADO: (Speaking Spanish).
ROSE: "The trip was successful, thank God," Albarado says. "But the journey was very hard." And it is not over. The family is trying to get enough money from friends back home to buy plane tickets, but those tickets are expensive. This is not a big airport. It's already crowded with holiday travelers. That is why local officials would like to get some of these migrants out to different cities that have bigger airports and, you know, better transportation options.
MARTÍNEZ: And all this, Joel, with Title 42, I mean, technically still in place. What are immigration authorities doing to prepare if it does wind up lifting?
ROSE: The city of El Paso is still preparing as if that will happen. It's trying to find shelter space for up to 10,000 migrants. As many as 2,500 a day were arriving here last week. Immigration authorities say that is now dropping back to about 1,500 a day. Homeland security officials say they've moved about 10,000 migrants out of El Paso in recent days, either by expelling them to Mexico or by moving them to other parts of the border. But the mayor of El Paso said as many as 20,000 migrants could be waiting just across the river in Juarez, Mexico. So it feels like everything could change very quickly if Title 42 is lifted.
MARTÍNEZ: All right. That's NPR's Joel Rose in El Paso, Texas. Joel, thanks.
ROSE: You're welcome. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
Joel Rose is a correspondent on NPR's National Desk. He covers immigration and breaking news.
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New Computer Chip 'Thinks' Like a Brain Cell
Michael Ricciardi - August 19, 2011
A collaboration between IBM and DARPA has produced next generation computer chips that adapt well to unexpected inputs due to their structural mimicking of our brain's neurons. Applications for these "neuro-synaptic chips" include analyzing financial market fluctuations and even predicting tsunamis.
Image of pyramidal neurons in mouse cerebral cortex expressing green fluorescent protein. The new neuro-synaptic chips mimic neural structures.
Five years ago, there was considerable talk amongst IT scientists about an innovation in computer chip design/technology dubbed "adaptive chips"; these theoretical chips would more closely approximate human brain cells (neurons) — they would actually "think" — and allow a new form or computer processing "behavior" and advance the field of Artificial Intelligence dramatically. And, as always, there were many skeptics who doubted that such behavioral innovations were possible.
But now, such chips (and their functional versatility) are no longer theoretical, thanks to a Cognitive Computing Project funded by IBM and a 40 million dollar grant from DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). This current research project was a continuation of IBM's 4 year (2006 – 2009), super-computing research project in which its scientists partially simulated a mouse brain, then completely simulated a rat's brain, and finally, simulated just 1% of a human's cerebral cortex. In a significant advancement in neuromorphic machine intelligence, IBM announced the successful development of the chips this past week.
Technically referred to as neuro-synaptic chips, these chips contain numerous digital processors which are structurally/functionally akin to our brain's neurons — complete with synapses (which in the human brain are vital to memory and learning) and axons which serve as the "data pathways" between chip cores.
And, it is not so much what these chips can do, that is causing the excitement, but how they are doing it
In modern computers, processing and memory are separated functions. With the neuro-synaptic chips, each core, or processing engine, has individual processing, communication and memory functions closely tied together. This allows the chips to respond to inputs (information) that it was not programmed to recognize or respond to. All of this allows, in turn, a tremendous increase in parallel processing which allows a computer to perform multiple tasks at the same time, like human brains do.
Quoting IBM Research project leader Dharmendra Modha, in a recent Huffington Post article:
"You have to throw out virtually everything we know about how these chips are designed. The key, key, key difference really is the memory and the processor are very closely brought together. There's a massive, massive amount of parallelism."
Although we live in an increasingly digital era, most of the physical world still operates in "analog" mode. In order to analyze real-world processes and make accurate predictions, a computer has to assimilate and analyze billions of analog signals and process these into useful information. This takes more than supercomputing, it takes a revolution in chip design.
It is asserted that these new adaptive chips will lead to perceiving, thinking and sensing computers — attributes that bring the goal of "true" artificial intelligence closer to reality. The integrated neuro-synpatic chips may also lead to a "revolution" in human-machine communication.
Applications include analyzing global financial data, calculating complex hydrological cycles, and even analyzing tidal variations to predict tsunamis.
Image credit: Nrets ; CC – By 2.5
Tagged "adaptive chips", "revolution" in human-machine communication, a tremendous increase in parallel processing, akin to our brain's neurons, analyze billions of analog signals, and even analyzing tidal variations to predict tsunamis, artificial intelligence, axons, calculating complex hydrological cycles, communication and memory functions closely tied together, completely simulated a rat's brain, DARPA, data pathways, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, global financial data, IBM REsearch, IBM Research project leader Dharmendra Modha, massive amount of parallelism, neuro-synaptic chips, neuromorphic machine intelligence, partially simulated a mouse brain, perceiving, processing, processing engine, significant advancement, simulated just 1% of a human cerebral cortex., super-computing research project, synapses, thinking and sensing computers, vital to memory and learning
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Yea Rite	 August 20, 2011 at 11:13 am
Its not a brain nor is it brain like, but it will find its way into a missile delivery system!
Michael Ricciardi	 August 20, 2011 at 8:02 pm
Yea RIte:
Thanks for your comment. I share your concern about potential uses (although at this point, the speculated uses seem mostly benign and useful).
The fundamental idea is that by mimicking structure (of a neuron; note: analog neurons have been developed in the past), a device will gain some of the same "behaviors" or performance (of a brain cell), most importantly, the ability to recognize/process information that it (the chip) was not "programmed to recognize."
Brain cell plasticity (in functionality, not growth) and versatility, I think, is the immediate goal…ultimately, the goal may also be to understand how a "mind" can arise from so many interconnected "processors", i.e., neurons.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Egyptian theatre director receives Gloria Artis
atimetwaly June 21, 2012 July 18, 2012 Ahram Online, Egypt as it is
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Professor Hanaa Abd El Fattah has been awarded Gloria Artis, the Polish Medal for Merit to Culture, for his contributions to Polish culture. The award ceremony took place at the Embassy of the Republic of Poland on 20 June
Published in Ahram Online
At an official ceremony organised by the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Cairo on Wednesday 20 June, Hanaa Abdel Fattah, Egyptian professor of theatrical arts, theatre director and critic, was awarded Gloria Artis, the Medal for Merit to Culture.
Gloria Artis is awarded by the Polish Ministry of Culture to persons and organizations for exceptional contributions to Polish culture and heritage. The Gloria Artis award is given mostly to Polish citizens who have made distinguished contributions to promoting Polish culture, whether through translations of works, or in theatre, music, film, visual ars etc. Abdel Fattah is among those rare international artists to have received the medal.
The award was handed to Abdel Fattah by Piotr Puchta, Ambassador of Poland, in the presence of Stanislaw Gulinski, Second Secretary responsible for culture affairs, Polish officials and distinguished figures in Egyptian culture. In his speech, the ambassador thanked Abdel Fattah for his work which helped to build a stronger cultural link between the two nations; he invited him to join a committee that will be formed in the next few weeks with a view to enhancing Polish-Egyptian relations on many levels.
For his part Abdel Fattah expressed his appreciation of the award and underlined the importance of Polish culture and its values. He also thanked many Egyptian figures involved in the arts and culture for their cooperation in facilitating his work through the years.
Following his studies in Egypt in early 1970s, Abdel Fattah left to continue his education in Poland. In the over two decades that he spent in the country he studied at the directing department of the State Institute of Theatrical Arts – Theatre Academy (PIST) in Warsaw – the only foreign student to be accepted by this institution in its entire history. He then pursued his PhD in theatre theory from Warsaw University. Abdel Fattah has been actively involved in Polish theatrical and intellectual circles, directing many plays in Warsaw and other cities; The Servant of Two Masters by Carlo Goldoni received the audience's first prize in 1986.
Abdel Fattah returned to Egypt in the 1990s to continue his work as a theatre director; he started teaching at the Higher Institute of Theatrical Arts in Cairo, where he was also the Head of the Acting and Directing Department in the early 2000s. He still directs regularly in Egypt and Poland.
He has translated numerous Polish theatre works to Arabic, directing a few of them on Egyptian stages. He also brought Egyptian theatre to the stages of Polish theatres, directing Polish actors. Most recently, in 2009, his adaptation of a work by the Egyptian playwright Alfred Farag on the stage of Dramatic Theatre in Bialystok proved a major success. Abdel Fattah is also among the principal initiators of Polish cultural activity in Egypt, overseeing lectures, presentations and workshops.
Abdel Fattah has translated numerous works of Polish poetry and prose into Arabic, and for his "work of promoting Polish culture internationally," in 2010, he was awarded the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Culture Award. Abdel Fattah's other awards from the Polish government include the Polish Literary Syndicate [ZAiKS] Prize and the International Theater Institute (ITI) award for promoting cross-cultural dialogue between Poland and the Arab world.
In 2011, Abdel Fattah was awarded the Appreciation Award in the arts from the Egyptian government for his lifetime's contribution to culture as director and translator.
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text:
\section{Introduction}
Data from a new   gravitational wave experiment is reported\footnote{This report is from the Gravitational Wave Detector Project at Flinders University.}, revealing a fractal textured 3-space, flowing past the earth at $\sim$500 km/s. The wave/turbulence or ``gravitational waves" have a significant magnitude, and are now known to have been detected numerous times over the last 125 years. The detector uses a single clock with RF EM waves propagating through dual coaxial cables, and is 1st order in $v/c$. The detector is sensitive, simple to operate, robust and compact.   It uses the surprising discovery that there is no Fresnel drag effect in coaxial cables, whereas there is in gases, optical fibres, liquids etc. Data from an analogous detector using optical fibres and single coaxial cables was reported in 2006 \cite{CahillGW,CahillBrisbane}. Because of the discovery reported herein that detector calibration has now been correctly redetermined.   Results from Michelson-Morley \cite{MMCK,MMC}, Miller \cite{Miller}, Torr and Kolen \cite{Torr} and  DeWitte \cite{DeWitte}, are now in remarkable agreement with the velocity of absolute motion of the earth determined from NASA spacecraft earth-flyby Doppler shift data \cite{And2008, CahillNASA}, all revealing a light/EM speed anisotropy of some 486km/s  in the direction RA=4.29$^h$, Dec=-75.0$^{\circ}$: that speed is $\sim$300,000-500 km/s  for radiation travelling in that direction, and $\sim$300,000+500 km/s travelling in the opposite, northerly,  direction: a significant observed anisotropy that physics has ignored. The actual daily average velocity varies with days of the year because of the orbital motion of the earth - the aberration effect discovered by Miller, but shows fluctuations  over all time scales.

In 2002 it was discovered that the Michelson-Morley 1887 light-speed anisotropy  experiment,  using the interferometer in gas mode,   had indeed detected anisotropy, by taking account of both the Lorentz length contraction effect  for the interferometer arms,  and the refractive index effect of the air in the light paths  \cite{MMCK,MMC}.     These gas-mode interferometer experiments show the difference between Lorentzian Relativity (LR)  and Special Relativity (SR).  In LR the length contraction effect is caused by motion of a rod, say,  through the dynamical 3-space, whereas in SR the length contraction is only a perspective effect, supposedly occurring only when the rod is moving relative to an observer.  This was further clarified  when an exact mapping between Galilean space   and time coordinates and the Minkowski-Einstein spacetime coordinates was recently discovered \cite{CahillMink}.

 The Michelson interferometer, having  the calibration constant $k^2=(n^2-1)(n^2-2)$ where $n$ is the refractive index of the light-path medium, has zero sensitivity to EM anisotropy and gravitational waves when operated in vacuum-mode ($n=1$).  Fortunately the early experiments had air present in the light paths\footnote{Michelson and Morley implicitly assumed that $k^2=1$, which considerably overestimated the sensitivity of their detector by a factor of $\sim 1700$ (air has $n=1.00029$). This error lead to the invention of  ``spacetime" in 1905. Miller avoided any assumptions about the sensitivity of his detector, and used the earth orbit effect  to estimate the calibration factor $k^2$ from his data, although even that is now known to be incorrect: the sun 3-space inflow component was unknown to Miller. It was only in 2002 that the design flaw in the Michelson interferometer was finally understood  \cite{MMCK,MMC}.}. A very compact and cheap  Michelson interferometric anisotropy  and gravitational wave detector  may be constructed using optical fibres \cite{CahillOF},   but for most fibres $n\approx \sqrt 2$ near room temperature, and so needs to be operated at say 0$^\circ$C. The $(n^2-2)$  factor  is caused by the Fresnel drag\cite{Book}.
The detection of light speed anisotropy - revealing a flow of space past the detector,  is now entering an era of precision   measurements, as reported herein. These are  particularly important because experiments have shown large turbulence effects in the flow, and  are beginning to characterise this turbulence. Such turbulence can be shown to correspond to what are, conventionally, known  as gravitational waves, although not those implied by General Relativity, but more precisely are revealing a fractal structure to dynamical 3-space.

\section{Fresnel Drag}
The detection and characterisation of these wave/turbulence effects requires only the development  of small and cheap detectors, as these  effects are large.  However in all detectors the EM signals travel through a dielectric, either in bulk or optical fibre or through RF coaxial cables. For this reason it is important to understand the so-called Fresnel drag effect.  In optical fibres the Fresnel drag effect has been established, as this is important in the operation of  Sagnac optical fibre gyroscopes, for only then is the calibration independent of the fibre refractive index, as observed. The Fresnel drag effect is a phenomenological formalism that characterises the effect of the absolute motion of the propagation medium, say a dielectric,   upon the speed of the EM radiation relative to  that medium.

The Fresnel drag expression is that a dielectric in absolute motion through space at speed $v$, relative to space itself, causes the EM radiation to travel at speed
\begin{equation}
V(v)=\frac{c}{n}+v\left(1-\frac{1}{n^2}\right)
\label{eqn:Fresnel}\end{equation}
wrt the dielectric, when $V$ and $v$ have the same  direction. Here $n$ is the dielectric refractive index. The 2nd term is known as the Fresnel drag, appearing to show that the moving dielectric ``drags" the EM radiation, although   this is a misleading interpretation; see \cite{CahillFresnel} for a derivation\footnote{The Fresnel Drag in (\ref{eqn:Fresnel}) can be ``derived" from the Special Relativity velocity-addition formula, but there $v$ is the speed of the dielectric wrt to the observer, and as well common to both dielectrics and coaxial cables.}.   If the Fresnel drag is always applicable then, as shown herein, a 1st order in $v/c$ detector requires two clocks, though not necessarily synchronised, but requiring a rotation of the detector arm  to extract the $v$-dependent  term.  However, as we show herein, if the Fresnel drag is not present in RF coaxial cables, then  a detector 1st order in $v/c$  and using one clock, can detect and characterise  the dynamical  space. In \cite{CahillFresnel} it was incorrectly concluded that the Fresnel effect was present in RF coaxial cables, for reasons related to the temperature effects, and discussed later.

 \begin{figure}[t]
 \vspace{-7mm}
\hspace{5mm}\includegraphics[scale=1.0]{AberPlot.png}
\vspace{-5mm}	\caption{\small {South celestial pole region.  The dot (red)  at RA=4.29$^{h}$, Dec=-75$^\circ$, and with speed 486km/s, is the direction of motion of the solar system through space determined from NASA spacecraft earth-flyby Doppler shifts \cite{CahillNASA}, revealing  the EM radiation speed anisotropy. The thick (blue) circle centred on this direction is the observed velocity direction for different days of the year, caused by earth orbital motion and sun 3-space inflow. The corresponding results from Miller gas-mode interferometer are shown by 2nd dot (red) and its aberration circle (red dots) \cite{Miller}. For March the velocity is  RA=2.75$^{h}$, Dec=-76.6$^\circ$, and with speed 499.2km/s, see Table 2 of \cite{CahillNASA}. The thinner blue aberration  circles relate to determination of earth 3-space inflow speed, see \cite{CahillNASA}.}}
\label{fig:Aber}\end{figure}

\section{Dynamical 3-Space}
We briefly outline the dynamical modelling of 3-space. It involves the space velocity field ${\bf v}({\bf r},t)$, defined relative to an observer's frame of reference.
\begin{equation}
 \nabla\!\!\cdot\!\!\left(\!\!\frac{\partial\mathbf{v}}{\partial t}\!\!+\!\!\left(\mathbf{v}\!\cdot\!\nabla\!\right)\mathbf{v}\!\!\right)\!+\!
 \frac{\alpha}{8}\!\!\left(\!\left(\mathrm{tr}D\right)^{2}\!-\!\mathrm{tr}\!\left(D\right)^{2}\right)\!\! +..=-4\pi G\rho
\label{eqn:3spaceequation}
\end{equation}
$\nabla \times \mathbf{v}=\mathbf{0}$ and  $D_{ij}=\partial v_i/\partial x_j$. The velocity field ${\bf v}$  describes classically the time evolution of the substratum quantum foam. The bore hole $g$ anomaly data has revealed $\alpha = 1/137$,  the fine structure constant.
The matter acceleration is found by determining the trajectory of a quantum matter wavepacket. This is most easily done by maximising the proper travel time $\tau$:
 \begin{equation}
\tau=\int dt \sqrt{1-\frac{{\bf v}^2_R({\bf r}_0(t),t)}{c^2}}
\label{eqn:propertime}\end{equation}
where ${\bf v}_R({\bf r}_o(t),t) ={\bf v}_o(t) - {\bf v}({\bf r}_o(t),t),$ is the velocity of the wave packet, at position ${\bf r}_0(t)$,  wrt the local space - a neo-Lorentzian Relativity effect.
 This ensures that quantum waves propagating along neighbouring paths are in phase, and so interfere constructively.
This maximisation gives the quantum matter geodesic equation for ${\bf r}_0(t)$
\begin{equation}
{\bf g}=\displaystyle{\frac{\partial {\bf v}}{\partial t}}+({\bf v}\cdot{\bf \nabla}){\bf
v}+({\bf \nabla}\times{\bf v})\times{\bf v}_R-\frac{{\bf
v}_R}{1-\displaystyle{\frac{{\bf v}_R^2}{c^2}}}
\frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{{\bf v}_R^2}{c^2}\right)+...
\label{eqn:acceleration}\end{equation}
with  ${\bf g}\equiv d{\bf v}_o/dt=d^2{\bf r}_o/dt^2$.
The 1st term in $\bf g$ is  the Euler space acceleration   $\bf a$, the 2nd term explains the Lense-Thirring effect, when the vorticity is non-zero,  and the last term   explains the precession of orbits.
While the velocity field has been repeatedly detected since the Michelson-Morley 1887 experiment, the best detection has been using the spacecraft earth-flyby Doppler shift data \cite{CahillNASA},
see Fig.\ref{fig:Aber}. The above reveals gravity to be an emergent phenomenon where quantum matter waves are refracted by the time dependent and inhomogeneous 3-space velocity field. The $\alpha$-term in (\ref{eqn:3spaceequation}) explains the so-called ``dark matter" effects:  if $\alpha\rightarrow 0$ and $v_R/c\rightarrow 0$ we derive Newtonian gravity, for then $\nabla\cdot{\bf g}=-4\pi G \rho$ \cite{Book}. Note that the relativistic term in (\ref{eqn:acceleration}) arises from the quantum matter dynamics - not from the space dynamics.

\section{Gravitational Waves: Dynamical Fractal 3-Space}
Eqn.(\ref{eqn:propertime}) for the elapsed proper time maybe written in differential form as
\begin{equation}
d\tau^2\!\!=\!dt^2\!\!-\frac{1}{c^2}(d{\bf r}(t)\!-\!{\bf v}({\bf r}(t),t)dt)^2\!\!=\!\!g_{\mu\nu}(x)dx^\mu dx^\nu
\label{eqn:PGmetric}\end{equation}
which introduces a curved spacetime metric $g_{\mu\nu}$ for which the geodesics are the quantum matter trajectories when freely propagating through the dynamical 3-space.  Gravitational wave  are traditionally thought of as ``ripples" in the space-time metric $g_{\mu\nu}$. But the discovery of the dynamical 3-space means that they are more appropriately understood to be turbulence effects of the dynamical 3-space vector $\bf v$, because it is ${\bf v}$ that is directly detectable, whereas $g_{\mu\nu}$ is merely an induced mathematical artefact. When the matter density $\rho=0$,  (\ref{eqn:3spaceequation}) will have a time-dependent  fractal structure solutions, as there is no length scale.   The wave/turbulence effects reported herein confirm that prediction, see Fig.\ref{fig:Space}.

 \begin{figure}
\vspace{10mm}
\hspace{-5mm}
\setlength{\unitlength}{1.3mm}
\hspace{0mm}\begin{picture}(0,0)
\thicklines

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\vspace{8mm}
	\caption{\small{ Schematic layout for measuring the one-way speed of light in either free-space, optical fibres or RF coaxial cables, without requiring the synchronisation of the clocks $C_1$ and $C_2$: here $\tau$ is the unknown offset time between the clocks.  $V$ is the speed of EM radiation wrt the apparatus, with or without the Fresnel drag in (\ref{eqn:Fresnel}), and $v$ is the speed of the apparatus through space, in direction $\theta$. \mbox{DeWitte} used this technique in 1991 with1.5km RF cables and Cesium atomic clocks \cite{DeWitte}. In comparison with data from spacecraft earth-flyby Doppler shifts \cite{CahillNASA} this experiments confirms that there is no Fresnel drag effect in RF coaxial cables.}}
 \label{fig:oneway}
\end{figure}

 \begin{figure}[t]
 \vspace{-3mm}
 \hspace{3.5mm}\includegraphics[scale=0.525]{DeWitte.png}

 \hspace{-3mm}\includegraphics[scale=0.22]{CoaxPlot.png}
\vspace{-7mm}	\caption{\small {Top:  Data from the 1991 DeWitte NS horizontal coaxial cable experiment, $L=1.5$km,  $n=1.5$, using the arrangement shown in Fig.\ref{fig:oneway}. The time variation of $\sim 28$ns  is consistent with the Doppler shift results   with speed 500km/s, but using Dec=-65$^\circ$: the month for this data is unknown, and the vertical red lines are at RA=5$^{h}$.  If a Fresnel drag effect is included the speed would have to be 1125km/s, in disagreement with the Doppler shift data, demonstrating that there is no Fresnel drag in coaxial cables.  Bottom:   Dual coaxial cable detector  data  from May  2009 using the technique in Fig.\ref{fig:DualCoax} and without looping: $L=20$m, Doppler shift data predicts Dec$=-77^\circ$, $v=480$km/s giving a sidereal dynamic range of 5.06ps, very close to that observed.  The  vertical red lines are at RA=5$^{h}$. In both data sets we see the earth sidereal rotation effect together with significant wave/turbulence effects.}}
\label{fig:Coax2009}\end{figure}

\section{First Order in $\bf v/c$ Speed of EMR Experiments}
Fig.\ref{fig:oneway} shows the arrangement for measuring the one-way speed of light, either in vacuum, a dielectric, or RF coaxial cable.  It is usually argued that one-way speed of light measurements are not possible because the clocks $C_1$ and $C_2$ cannot be synchronised.   However  this is false, and at the same time shows an important  consequence of
(\ref{eqn:Fresnel}). In the upper part of  Fig.\ref{fig:oneway} the actual travel time $t_{AB}$ from $A$ to $B$ is determined by
\begin{equation}
V(v\cos(\theta))t_{AB}=L+v\cos(\theta)t_{AB}
\label{eqn:traveltime1}\end{equation}
where the 2nd term comes from the end $B$ moving an additional distance  $v\cos(\theta)t_{AB}$ during time interval $t_{AB}$.  Then
\begin{equation}
t_{AB}= \frac{L}{V(v\cos(\theta))-v\cos(\theta)}=\frac{nL}{c}+\frac{v\cos(\theta)L}{c^2}+..
\label{eqn:traveltime2}\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
t_{CD}= \frac{L}{V(v\cos(\theta))+v\cos(\theta)}=\frac{nL}{c}-\frac{v\cos(\theta)L}{c^2}+..
\label{eqn:traveltime3}\end{equation}
on using (\ref{eqn:Fresnel}), i.e. assuming the validity of the Fresnel effect,  and expanding to 1st oder in $v/c$.  However if there is no Fresnel drag effect then we obtain
\begin{equation}
t_{AB}\!=\! \frac{L}{V(v\cos(\theta))-v\cos(\theta)}\!=\!\frac{nL}{c}\!+\frac{v\cos(\theta)Ln^2}{c^2}+..
\label{eqn:traveltime2b}\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
t_{CD}\!=\! \frac{L}{V(v\cos(\theta))\!+\!\!v\cos(\theta)}\!=\!\frac{nL}{c}-\!\frac{v\cos(\theta)Ln^2}{c^2}+..
\label{eqn:traveltime3b}\end{equation}
The  important observation is that the $v/c$ terms are independent of the dielectric refractive index $n$ in (\ref{eqn:traveltime2}) and  (\ref{eqn:traveltime3}), but have an $n^2$ dependence in (\ref{eqn:traveltime2b}) and  (\ref{eqn:traveltime3b}), in the absence of the Fresnel drag effect.

 If the clocks are not synchronised then  $t_{AB}$ is not known, but by changing direction of the light path, that is varying $\theta$, the magnitude of the 2nd term may be separated from the magnitude of the 1st term, and $v$ and its direction determined.  The clocks may then  be synchronised.   For a small detector the change in $\theta$ can be achieved by a  direct rotation.  Results (\ref{eqn:traveltime2}) and  (\ref{eqn:traveltime3}), or (\ref{eqn:traveltime2b}) and  (\ref{eqn:traveltime3b}),  have been exploited in various detector designs.

\section{DeWitte 1st Order in $\bf v/c$ Detector}
 The DeWitte  $L=1.5$km RF coaxial cable experiment, Brussels 1991,   was a double 1st order in $v/c$ detector, using the scheme in Fig.\ref{fig:oneway}, and  employing  3 Caesium  atomic clocks at each end, and overall measuring $t_{AB}-t_{CD}$.  The orientation was NS and rotation was achieved by that of the earth \cite{DeWitte}.
 \begin{equation}
 t_{AB}-t_{CD}=\frac{2v\cos(\theta)Ln^2}{c^2}
 \label{eqn:DeWitte}\end{equation}
 The dynamic range of $\cos(\theta)$ is $2\sin(\lambda-\beta)\cos(\delta)$, caused by the earth rotation, where $\lambda$ is the latitude of the detector location, $\beta$ is the local inclination to the horizontal, here $\beta=0$, and $\delta$ is the declination of $\bf v$. The data shows remarkable agreement with the velocity vector from the flyby Doppler shift data, see Fig.\ref{fig:Coax2009}. However if there is Fresnel drag in the coaxial cables, there would be  no $n^2$ factor in (\ref{eqn:DeWitte}), and the DeWitte data would give a much larger speed $v=1125$km/s, in strong disagreement with the flyby data.

 \section{Torr and Kolen 1st Order in $\bf v/c$ Detector}
   \begin{figure}
\vspace{0mm}
\hspace{4mm}\includegraphics[scale=1.0]{Torr.png}
\vspace{-2mm}
\caption{\small{Data from the 1981 Torr-Kolen experiment at Logan, Utah \cite{Torr}.
The data shows variations in travel times
(ns),  for local sidereal times,  of an RF signal travelling through $500$ m of coaxial
cable  orientated in an EW direction.  The red curve is sidereal effect prediction  for   February,
for a 3-space speed of $480$ km/s from the direction, RA=$5^h$, Dec=-$70^\circ$.  }}
\label{fig:TorrKolen}\end{figure}

A one-way coaxial cable\index{RF coaxial cable!Torr-Kolen} experiment  was
performed at the Utah University in 1981 by Torr and  Kolen \cite{Torr}. This involved two Rb clocks placed approximately $500$ m apart with a 5 MHz sinewave RF signal propagating between the clocks via a nitrogen filled coaxial cable buried in the ground and maintained at a constant pressure of $\sim$2 psi. Torr and Kolen  observed  variations in the one-way travel time, as shown in Fig.\ref{fig:TorrKolen} by the  data points.   The theoretical  predictions for the  Torr-Kolen experiment for a cosmic speed of $480$ km/s from the direction,  RA=$5^h$, Dec=-$70^\circ$, as  shown in Fig.\ref{fig:TorrKolen}.   The maximum/minimum effects occurred, typically,  at the predicted times.    Torr and Kolen reported fluctuations in both the magnitude, from 1 - 3 ns, and time of the maximum variations in travel time, just as  observed in all  later experiments, namely wave effects.

 \begin{figure*}[t]
   \hspace{6mm}\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{IMG_4129_cut.jpg}
   \vspace{-2mm}
\caption{\small{Photograph of the RF coaxial cables arrangement, based upon 16 $\times$1.85m lengths of phase stabilised  Andrew HJ4-50 coaxial cable. These are joined to 16 lengths of phase stabilised  Andrew  FSJ1-50A cable, in the manner shown schematically in Fig.\ref{fig:DualCoax}.  The 16 HJ4-50 coaxial cables have been tightly bound into a 4$\times$4 array, so that the cables, locally, have the same temperature, with cables in one of the circuits embedded between cables in the 2nd circuit.  This arrangement of the cables permits the cancellation of temperature differential effects in the cables. A similar array of the smaller  diameter FSJ1-50A cables  is located inside the grey-coloured conduit  boxes.   }}
\label{fig:coaxphoto}\end{figure*}

   \begin{figure}[t]
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\vspace{5mm}\caption{\small Because Fresnel drag is absent in RF coaxial cables this dual cable setup, using one clock, is capable of detecting the absolute motion of the detector  wrt to space, revealing the sidereal rotation effect as well as wave/turbulence effects. In the 1st trial of this detector this arrangement was used, with the cables laid out on a laboratory floor, and preliminary results are shown in Figs.\ref{fig:Coax2009}. In the new design  the cables in each circuit are configured into 8 loops, as in Fig.\ref{fig:coaxphoto}, giving $L=8\times1.85\mbox{m}=14.8$m. In \cite{CahillGW} a version with optical fibres in place of  the HJ4-50 coaxial cables was used, see Fig\ref{fig:FUGWD}. There the optical fibre has a Fresnel drag effect while the coaxial cable did not. In that experiment optical-electrical converters were used to modulate/demodulate infrared light.}
\label{fig:DualCoax}
\end{figure}

\section{Dual RF Coaxial Cable Detector}
The Dual RF Coaxial Cable Detector exploits the Fresnel drag anomaly,  in that there is no Fresnel drag effect in RF coaxial cables.  Then from  (\ref{eqn:traveltime2b}) and  (\ref{eqn:traveltime3b})  the round trip  travel time is, see  Fig.\ref{fig:DualCoax},
\vspace{-4mm}
\begin{equation}
t_{AB}+t_{CD}=\frac{(n_1+n_2)L}{c}+\frac{v\cos(\theta)L(n_1^2-n_2^2)}{c^2}+..
\label{eqn:RF1}\end{equation}
where $n_1$ and $n_2$ are the  effective refractive indices for the two  different RF coaxial cables, with two separate circuits to reduce temperature effects.  Shown in Fig.\ref{fig:coaxphoto} is a photograph.  The Andrews Phase Stabilised FSJ1-50A has $n_1=1.19$,  while  the HJ4-50 has $n_2 = 1.11$. One measures the travel time difference of  two RF signals from a Rubidium frequency standard (Rb) with a Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO). In each circuit the RF signal travels one-way in one type of coaxial cable, and returns via a different kind of coaxial cable.  Two circuits are used so that temperature effects cancel - if a temperature change alters the speed in one type of cable, and so the travel time, that travel time change is the same in both circuits, and cancels in the difference.  The travel time difference of the two circuits at the DSO is
\vspace{-2mm}
 \begin{equation}
\Delta t=\frac{2v\cos(\theta)L(n_1^2-n_2^2)}{c^2}+..
\label{eqn:RF2}\end{equation}
If  the Fresnel drag effect occurred in RF coaxial cables, we would use  (\ref{eqn:traveltime2}) and  (\ref{eqn:traveltime3}) instead, and then the  $n_1^2-n_2^2$ term is replaced by $0$, i.e. there is no 1st order term in $v$. That is contrary to the actual data in Figs.\ref{fig:Coax2009} and \ref{fig:WaveSpectrum}.

 The preliminary layout for this detector used cables laid out as in Fig.\ref{fig:DualCoax}, and the data is shown in Fig.\ref{fig:Coax2009}. In the compact  design the Andrew HJ4-50 cables are cut into 8 $\times$ 1.85m shorter lengths in each circuit, corresponding to a net length of $L=8\times 1.85 =14.8$m, and the Andrew FSJ1-50A cables are also cut, but into longer lengths to enable joining. However  the curved parts of the Andrew FSJ1-50A cables contribute only at 2nd order in $v/c$.
The apparatus was horizontal, $\beta=0$, and orientated NS,  and used the rotation of the earth to change the angle $\theta$.   The dynamic range of $\cos(\theta)$, caused by the earth rotation only, is  again  $2\sin(\lambda-\beta)\cos(\delta)$,  where $\lambda=-35^\circ$ is the latitude of Adelaide.   Inclining the detector at angle $\beta=\lambda$  removes the earth rotation effect, as now the detector arm is parallel to the earth's spin axis, permitting  a more accurate characterisation of the wave effects.

\section{Temperature Effects}
The cable travel times  and the DSO phase measurements are  temperature dependent, and these effects are removed from the data, rather than attempt to maintain a constant temperature, which is impractical because of the heat output of the Rb clock and DSO. The detector was located in a closed room in which the temperature changed slowly over many days, with variations originating from changing external weather driven temperature changes. The temperature of the detector  was measured, and it was assumed that the timing errors were proportional to changes in that one measured temperature.  These timing errors were some 30ps, compared to the true signal of some 8ps.  Because the temperature timing errors are much larger,  the  temperature induced
$\Delta t= a+b\Delta T$ was fitted to the timing data, and the coefficients $a$ and $b$ determined.  Then this $\Delta t$ time series was subtracted from the data, leaving the actual required phase data.  This is particularly effective as the temperature variations had a distinctive time signature. The resulting data is shown in Fig.\ref{fig:Data}. In an earlier test for the Fresnel drag effect in RF coaxial cables  \cite{CahillFresnel}
the technique for removing the temperature induced timing errors was inadequate, resulting in the wrong conclusion that there was Fresnel drag in RF coaxial cables.

\section{Dual RF Coaxial Cable Detector: Data}
 The phase data, after removing the temperature effects, is shown in Fig.\ref{fig:Data} (top), with the data compared with predictions  for the sidereal effect only from the flyby Doppler shift data. As well that data is separated into two frequency bands (bottom), so that the sidereal effect is partially separated from the gravitational wave effect, {\it viz} 3-space wave/turbulence. Being 1st order in $v/c$ it is easily determined that the space flow is from the southerly direction, as also reported in \cite{CahillGW}.  Miller reported the same sense, i.e. the flow is essentially from S to N, though using a 2nd order detector that is more difficult to determine.  The frequency spectrum of this data is shown in Fig.\ref{fig:WaveSpectrum}, revealing a fractal $1/f$ form.  This implies the fractal structure of the 3-space indicated in Fig.\ref{fig:Space}.

  \begin{figure}
\hspace{12mm}\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{NoisePlot.png}
	\caption{\small {Log-Log plot of the data  (top) in Fig.\ref{fig:WaveSpectrum}, with the straight line being $A\propto 1/f$, indicating a $1/f$ fractal wave spectrum.  The interpretation for this is the 3-space structure shown in Fig.\ref{fig:Space}.}}
\label{fig:WaveSpectrum}\end{figure}

 \begin{figure*}[t]
  \hspace{21mm}\includegraphics[scale=0.83]{RawDataPlot.png}

    \vspace{3mm}
   \hspace{22mm}\includegraphics[scale=0.8 ]{GWavesAll.png}
   \vspace{-2mm}
\caption{\small{Top: Travel time differences (ps) between the two coaxial cable circuits in Fig.\ref{fig:DualCoax}, orientated NS and horizontal,  over 9 days (March 4-12, 2012, Adelaide) plotted against local sidereal time.  Sinewave, with dynamic range 8.03ps,  is  prediction for  sidereal effect   from flyby Doppler shift data for RA=2.75$^h$ (shown by red fudicial lines), Dec=-76.6$^\circ$,  and with speed 499.2km/s, see Table 2 of \cite{CahillNASA},  also shown in from Fig.\ref{fig:Aber}. Data shows sidereal effect and significant wave/turbulence effects.  Bottom: Data filtered into two frequency bands $3.4\times 10^{-3} \mbox{mHz} <f < 0.018\mbox{mHz}$  ($81.4 h >T >15.3h$) and $0.018\mbox{mHz} <f < 0.067\mbox{mHz}$ ($15.3h >T>4.14h$), showing more clearly the earth rotation sidereal effect (plus vlf waves) and the turbulence without the sidereal effect.  Frequency spectrum of top data is shown in Fig.\ref{fig:WaveSpectrum}.}}
\label{fig:Data}
\end{figure*}

 \begin{figure}
\hspace{1mm}\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Space6.png}
	\caption{\small {Representation of the fractal wave data as a  revealing the fractal textured structure of the 3-space, with cells of space having slightly different velocities, and continually changing, and moving wrt the earth with a speed of $\sim$500km/s.   }}
\label{fig:Space}\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\hspace{-2mm}\includegraphics[scale=0.27]{STEffect.png}

\vspace{-1.5mm}

\caption{\small{ Phase difference (ps), with arbitrary zero,  versus local time data plots from the Optical Fibre - Coaxial Cable Detector, see Fig.\ref{fig:FUGWD}  and \cite{CahillGW,CahillBrisbane}, showing the sidereal time effect and significant wave/turbulence effects.. The plot (blue)  with the most easily identified minimum at $\sim$17\,hrs local Adelaide time is from June 9, 2006, while the plot  (red) with the minimum at $\sim$8.5hrs local time is from August 23, 2006. We see that the minimum has moved forward in time by approximately 8.5\,hrs.  The expected sidereal shift for this 65 day difference, without wave effects, is 4.3\,hrs,  to which must be added another $\sim$1h from the aberration effects shown in Fig\ref{fig:Aber}, giving 5.3hrs, in agreement with the data, considering that on individual days the min/max fluctuates by $\pm2$hrs.  This sidereal time shift is a critical test for the  detector.  From the flyby Doppler data we have for  August  RA=5$^h$, Dec=-70$^\circ$,  and  speed 478km/s,   see Table 2 of \cite{CahillNASA},  the predicted sidereal effect dynamic range to be 8.6ps, very close to that observed.}}
\label{fig:STEffect}
\end{figure}

\section{Optical Fibre RF Coaxial Cable Detector}
An earlier 1st order in $v/c$ gravitational wave detector design is shown in Fig.\ref{fig:FUGWD}, with some data shown in Fig.\ref{fig:STEffect}. Only now is it known why that detector also worked, namely that there is a Fresnel drag effect in the optical fibres, but not in the RF coaxial cable. Then the travel time difference, measured at the DSO, is given by
\vspace{-2mm} \begin{equation}
\Delta t=\frac{2v\cos(\theta)L(n_1^2-1)}{c^2}+..
\label{eqn:OFRF}\end{equation}
where $n_1$ is the effective refractive index of the RF coaxial cable.
Again the data is in remarkable agreement with the flyby determined ${\bf v}$.

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   \put(30,15.0){\bf Optical fibre}
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\end{picture}
\vspace{3mm}\caption{Layout of the optical fibre - coaxial cable detector, with L=5.0m.   10MHz RF signals come from the Rubidium atomic clock (Rb).  The Electrical to Optical converters (EO) use the RF signals to modulate 1.3$\mu$m infrared signals that propagate through the single-mode optical fibres.  The Optical to Electrical converters (OE) demodulate that signal and give the two RF signals that finally reach the Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO), which measures their phase difference.   The key effects are that the propagation speeds through the coaxial cables and optical fibres respond differently to their absolute motion through space, with no Fresnel drag in the coaxial cables, and Fresnel drag effect in the optical fibres. Without this key difference this detector does not work.    \label{fig:FUGWD}}
\end{figure}

\section{2nd Order in $v/c$ Gas-Mode Detectors}
It is important that the gas-mode 2nd order in $v/c$ data from Michelson and Morley, 1887, and from Miller, 1925/26, be reviewed in the light of the recent experiments and flyby data.
Shown in Fig.\ref{fig:MandMM} (top) is   Miller data    from September 16, 1925, $4^h 40^\prime$  Local Sidereal Time (LST) - an average of data from 20 turns of the gas-mode Michelson interferometer. Plot and data after fitting and then subtracting both the temperature drift and Hicks effects from both, leaving the expected sinusoidal form.  The error bars are determined as the rms error in this fitting procedure, and show how exceptionally small were the errors, and which agree with Miller's claim for the errors. Best result  from the Michelson-Morley 1887 data - an average of 6 turns, at  $7^h$  LST on July  11, 1887,  is shown in Fig.\ref{fig:MandMM} (bottom).  Again the rms error is remarkably small.  In both cases the indicated speed is  $v_P$ - the 3-space speed projected onto the plane of the interferometer. The angle is  the azimuth of the  3-space speed projection at the particular LST.  Fig.\ref{fig:Miller}  shows speed fluctuations from day to day significantly exceed these errors, and reveal the existence of 3-space flow turbulence - i.e gravitational waves.    The data shows considerable fluctuations, from hour to hour, and also day to day, as this is a composite day.  The dashed curve shows the non-fluctuating  best-fit sidereal effect variation over one day, as the earth rotates, causing the projection onto  the plane of the interferometer of the  velocity of the average direction of the space flow to change.  The  predicted projected sidereal speed variation for Mt Wilson is 251 to 415 km/s, using the Casinni flyby data and   the STP air refractive index of $n=1.00026$  appropriate atop Mt. Wilson, and the  min/max occur at approximately 5hrs and 17hrs local sidereal time (Right Ascension).  For the Michelson-Morley experiment in Cleveland the predicted projected sidereal speed variation is 239 to 465 km/s. Note that the Cassini flyby in August gives a RA$= 5.15^h$, close to the RA apparent in the above plot.  The green data points, showing daily fluctuation  bars, at $7^h$ and $13^h$, are from the Michelson-Morley  1887 data, from averaging (excluding only the July 8 data for 7$^h$ because it has poor S/N), and with same rms error analysis. The fiducial time lines are at $5^h$ and $17^h$. The data indicates the presence of  turbulence in the 3-space flow, i.e gravitational waves, being first seen in the Michelson-Morley experiment.
 \begin{figure}[h]
\vspace{-0mm}
\hspace{5mm}\includegraphics[scale=0.8]{InterfPlots.png}
\caption{\small {Top: Typical Miller data from 1925/26 gas-mode Michelson interferometer, from 360$^\circ$ rotation.  Bottom: Data from Michelson-Morley 1887 gas-mode interferometer, from 360$^\circ$ rotation.}}
\label{fig:MandMM}\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\vspace{0mm}
\hspace{5mm}\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{SeptPlot.png}
\caption{\small {Miller data for composite day in September 1925, and also showing Michelson-Morley 1887 July data at local sidereal times of 7$^h$ and 13$^h$. The waved/turbulence effects are very evident, and comparable to data reported herein from the new detector.}}
\label{fig:Miller}\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
The Dual RF Coaxial Cable Detector exploits the Fresnel drag anomaly in RF coaxial cables, {\it viz}  the drag effect is absent in such cables, for reasons unknown, and this 1st order in $v/c$ detector is compact, robust and uses one clock.   This anomaly now explains the operation of the Optical-Fibre - Coaxial Cable Detector, and permits a new calibration.  These detectors have confirmed the absolute motion of the solar system  and the gravitational wave effects seen in the earlier experiments of Michelson-Morley, Miller, DeWitte and Torr and Kolen. Most significantly these experiments agree with one another, and with the absolute motion velocity vector determined from spacecraft earth-flyby Doppler shifts. The observed significant wave/ turbulence effects reveal that the so-called ``gravitational waves" are easily  detectable in small-scale laboratory  detectors, and are considerably larger than those predicted by GR. These effects are not detectable  in vacuum-mode Michelson terrestrial interferometers, nor by their analogue vacuum-mode resonant cavity experiments.

The new  Dual RF Coaxial Cable Detector permits a detailed study and characterisation of the wave effects, and with the detector having the inclination equal to the local latitude the earth rotation effect may be removed, as the detector is then parallel to the earth's spin axis,  enabling a more accurate characterisation of  the wave effects. The major discovery arising from these various results is that 3-space is directly detectable and has a  fractal textured structure. This and numerous other effects are consistent with the dynamical theory for this 3-space. We are seeing the emergence of fundamentally new physics, with space being a a non-geometrical dynamical system, and fractal down to the smallest scales describable by a classical velocity field, and below that by  quantum foam dynamics \cite{Book}. Imperfect and incomplete is the geometrical model of space.

\section{Acknowledgements}
The Dual RF Coaxial Cable Detector is part of the Flinders University Gravitational Wave Detector Project.  The DSO, Rb RF frequency source and coaxial cables  were funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant: {\it Development and Study of a New Theory of Gravity}.  Special thanks to CERN for donating  the phase stabilised optical fibre, and to  Fiber-Span for donating the optical-electrical converters. Thanks for support to Professor Warren Lawrance, Bill Drury, Professor Igor Bray, Finn Stokes and Dr David Brotherton.

\small{

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Landmark Dodge Team 11 Game of the Week: Newnan vs. Pebblebrook
The final score was 21 to 14.
Author: Donesha Aldridge (11Alive)
Published: 10:25 PM EDT November 1, 2019
Updated: 1:24 AM EDT November 2, 2019
11Alive Sports was back once again for another night of high school football Friday.
From this week's voting, Newan and Pebblebrook was selected as the Landmark Dodge Team 11 Game of the Week.
Our crew of reporters and photographers were on site, capturing all the pomp and circumstance before, during, and after the game.
The match up ended with Newnan taking home the victory.
They were able to get the lead early, which was crucial for the team's win. The final score was 21 to 14.
Watch the highlights here.
WXIA
MORE IN SPORTS:
Atlanta United season ends with 2-1 loss to Toronto FC in Eastern Conference final
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Saint Mark School » About Us
St. Mark School is a private elementary (PreK-Grade 8) Roman Catholic School in Stratford, Connecticut.
St. Mark School has Pre-Kindergarten classes for 3 and 4 year olds. We also have full-day Kindergarten.
St. Mark School received the U.S. Department of Education Blue Ribbon Award for Academic Excellence in 2009. St Mark School was one of 50 elite private schools in the United States recognized by the Department of Education as being academic models for other schools. We provide a faith based excellent primary education.
St. Mark School is Stratford's only Blue Ribbon School!
St Mark School students scored in the top 90% of all students who took the nationally normed Iowa Achievement exams.
St. Mark students learn Spanish starting in Kindergarten.
St. Mark School admits students of any race, color, national and ethnic origin to all the rights, privileges, programs, and activities generally accorded or made available to students at the school. It does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national or ethnic origin in administration of its educational policies, admissions, policies, scholarship and loan programs, and athletic and other school-administered programs.


Bathroom To Shower Room – The Reveal!
Our shower room is finished, woo-hoo! I say finished; everything is installed, but we have to paint the ceiling, door and frame and the toilet cubicle across the landing – but I couldn't wait to show you!
We are completely happy with the result, it is exactly what I hoped for, but couldn't quite imagine, if you know what I mean. Our wish was to incorporate a large shower tray, an overhead mixer shower, a wall hung vanity unit so as not to clutter up the floor space and we wanted the room to have a contemporary and masculine feel. I think it ticks all the boxes and more besides. It looks clean and smart and the showering experience is wonderful because the large tray ensures you don't feel hemmed in and the temperature and flow from the waterfall head is just fab (and after our temperamental electric shower there's just no comparison).
The fact that we even managed to get some storage in this small space, concealed by a handy full length mirrored door, has been an added bonus.
We also squeezed in both a radiator and heated towel rail and though the footprint is small, the layout works really well. The guys turned the door around to open the other way, thus avoiding hitting the radiator with it and they popped a stop on the floor to protect the shower screen.
Shall we compare the before photos with the 'afters'?
Quite a transformation I'm sure you'll agree? For the first few showers I took, it felt like I was using someone else's bathroom! The boys are taking more showers than before, so that's got to be a good thing. And so far, we are not missing the bath at all.
Not forgetting the Tula 1200 x 355mm Grey Oval Tube Vertical Radiator and Mind Thermostatic Twin Head Shower Mixer. Over in our toilet cubicle, the guys laid some of the new tiles on our floor and we had the Fresh Curved Closed Couple Toilet with Soft Close Seat installed, so now all we need to do in there is paint the woodwork and give the walls an extra coat of white emulsion.
Oh wow, it looks amazing! I love all of your tile choices (they work so well together) and the huge shower, and it's great that you've been able to incorporate storage as well.
I love it! Especially love the sink, and the nifty storage, oh and the tiles….love it all!
I love your tiles and yellow towels!! It looks gorgeous. I think I can even imagine how it smells from the photos…weird?
How big is your shower tray please? And how much "gap" to enter? We're about to do something very similar! Thanks.


Cut off a piece of Press n' Seal and lay over flowers securing to the mat.
Now you have two designs, one a frame and one a centre image for your two cards.
Gently lift the Press n' Seal off the mat with the flowers and leave still attached to the Press n' Seal. Turn over and add a ton of Dimensionals to the back of the images.
For the Tall Card: attach the bottom mat that you have cut using adhesive. Attach the mat that you have cut from the first image piece using Dimensionals. Make sure you have repeated the process of adding Dimensionals to the back of the flowers on this piece too.


'Kandi sunlaye bathere, mae jhute lare tere' [I'm done listening to your fake promises and lies] Bohemia is no stranger to personal tales. As a man who offers his fans every part of him, with no taboos, on every single album, he is what personal experiences are to music what a glove is to a hand. He thrives off reciting his own tales of love, lust and intoxication. He's not fazed by the public impression of him. Bohemia has a story to tell, and so he's tells it.
Last year as a single release, Bohemia wrote, and for a change, sang a song called 'Rooh', which was about the tragically ended relationship between him and his ex-girlfriend. 'Yaad Anah' is a non-commercial Hip Hop version of the said song. '…Mor challi nale minu tofe sare maere, mae kia chad de chadna ve sokha tere vaste, apa kere tere piche mar challe'[ She returned all the gifts I had given her as he left and I said; leave! Leaving is the easy way out, I'm not dying for you to stay] Bohemia's verses contrast the maddening mystery of how a love that began so warmly with gifts could devolve into something so toxic. With a brilliantly realistic depth and sincerity, which is none-existent in today's music, Bohemia the Poet of modern Hip Hop, delivers lyrics that harbor no taboos, no faults, with a masterful concept of a an epic chorus; 'Apah chad ditta sajna nu yaad anah' [I stopped myself from showing up in her memories].
To create a rap song that discusses something so realistic takes a brilliant way with words, a strikingly emotional vocal performance, and an immense amount of attention to emotion, self-searching, honesty, experience and realization. 'Yaad Anah' is the stunning epitome of exactly that. Lyrics are as always written and performed by Bohemia. Music is executive produced by Dj Daris.
Bling in this Holi with Bappi Da & Jazzy B – Out Now!


One of the things we enjoy most about owning a small-batch coffee roastery is the multiple great friendships we've made along the way. From farm owners to importers to fellow roasters to coffee shop owners and online coffee websites, the coffee industry is permeated with kind, passionate, intelligent people; it's been a pleasure to get to know so many of them.
The owner of Best Quality Coffee is a prime example. From the first time we met, we bonded over our (imagine this) mutual love of coffee, and our mutual desire to make great quality coffee available to the masses. We are honored and excited to have our Burundi coffee reviewed on Best Quality Coffee. Check out the full review here: Caffeic Coffee Review – Burundi Nkonge Hill, and while you're there show them some love by checking out the huge selection of coffee and equipment they have available for all your coffee needs.


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How Did Ireland End Up Importing Expensive Foreign Peat?
Ireland has begun importing thousands of tons of horticultural peat after Irish peat harvesting suffered draconian legal restriction in September 2019. A shipment from Latvia weighing in at a staggering 3,600t, which arrived in Drogheda Saturday 18th and was carted...
Daithí O'Duibhne / 27/09/2021
Trade, Industry, and Immigration Flows Effects on the Environment
Climate change is not the next generation's problem to deal with, it is ours. If humanity cannot globally work towards stopping and reversing the damage being inflicted on the earth in the next few decades, the effects may be irreparable....
Luke Dromgoole / 27/05/2019
ArticlesCulture & Arts
Enviroment, Ignorance, and Gender Imbalances
This article concerns a lecture given in Trinity by former President Mary Robinson on the topic of climate change, and the political observations from analysing it and its attendees. I wasn't exactly planning on going to any talks this week....
Peter Caddle / 21/02/2019
ArticlesReflections
Ireland's Nuclear Future? An Assessment
The embryonic Irish nuclear industry met its demise on the Wexford shoreline over the political furore surrounding attempts made by the Irish government to construct a total of four nuclear power plants to meet the country's burgeoning energy needs. A...
Tomás Ó Raghallaigh / 21/02/2018


Discover a spiritual practice that helps you maintain spiritual, emotional, physical, and mental health.
"We toiled on computers seven days per week, rising as early as 4:00 a.m. to squeeze in spiritual quiet time before we both retreated to our respective laptops, typing the days (and weekends) away. Though I grew up keeping Sundays sacred, six years into our marriage, we'd fallen into the trap of using the Lord's Day to catch up. … At its worst, our church attendance was less than 50 percent. … I began, for the first time in my life, to understand why people don't attend church services."
In our culture of constant busyness, most of us feel like we're never caught up. The lines between home and work have blurred as we stay tethered to our mobile devices and computers. Many people use weekends to catch up on errands and other work that doesn't get done during the week. God's commandment to "Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy" seems like a relic from a simpler time.
An ancient spiritual practice exists that can help restore balance to our lives: the practice of keeping sabbath. But how exactly do we manage to build time for sabbath into our busy lives? Dana Trent explores this question in For Sabbath's Sake.
With humor and honesty, Trent reveals her own struggles with setting apart a day devoted to God, rest, and community. This book traces the rich history of sabbath, helps you find ways to overcome barriers to this spiritual practice, and suggests achievable ways to build sabbath into your life.


Shares in the company that owns the Dublin-based fashion retailer Penneys, which trades abroad as Primark, fell 4.6 per cent on Friday after it surprised investors by announcing the retailer had a "challenging" November.
The announcement by Associated British Foods added to the gloom surrounding the British retail sector, which has experienced a tough 2018 pockmarked by high-profile insolvencies and profit warnings.
Primark, which operates from a headquarters in Dublin's north inner city, is viewed as one of the most resilient retailers operating in the UK. Associated British Foods blamed a fall in shopper numbers and unseasonably warm weather for negative underlying sales in November.
The Primark update added to evidence of a slowdown in British consumer spending in the run-up to Brexit. Data published on Tuesday showed British consumer spending grew last month at its slowest pace in more than a year.
Associated British Foods finance director John Bason told Reuters Primark's like-for-like sales were "just positive" in September and October but were negative in November. He declined to give precise numbers.
"This isn't a call on Christmas – we've got three big weekends coming up now before Christmas. But I think it is a call on quite mild weather during November and I think it's affected footfall," said Mr Bason.
Primark, which accounts for about half of Associated British Foods revenue and profit, currently trades from 363 outlets in Europe and North America.


Looking for a job in Walker County Georgia?
Worklooker's Walker County job directory provides employment resources for job seekers. Please visit the links below to view current open positions.
Walker County is a good resource to monitor. A survey of open positions available had included Employee Payroll & Benefits Administrator, Codes Enforcement, and Landfill Manager. Visit their site for current postings.
Fort Oglethorpe is a fascinating city with a history rich in local and national color. Periodically open positions become available. During this review there were employment listings for City Manager, Chief of Police, Building Official / Planning and Zoning, and a Public Works Department Job. Check for updates.
The City of LaFayette is the county seat of Walker County with a rich historical Native American and African American heritage. On this review date there were job openings for Volunteer Firefighter, Patrol Officer, GIS Analyst CAD Operator, Garbage Truck Driver, and an employment application was available.
Walker County Chamber of Commerce is a great resource to use for exploring area businesses, economic climate, workforce information, and more.
Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Military Park is managed by the National Park Service. Jobs periodically become available. Applications for jobs with the National Park Service are accepted via USAJOBS.
The Worklooker Chattanooga Tennessee directory is a great resource for Hamilton County opportunities.
CHI Memorial Hospital Georgia is a not-for-profit, faith-based hospital located in Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia. Here you'll find job openings such as Lab Support Tech PRN, Laboratory Medical Technologist, Medical Laboratory Technician, Full-Time Medical Technologist, Medical Technologist PRN, Monitor Technician PRN, Nurse Manager Emergency Department, Patient Care Tech PRN, Full-Time Patient Care Tech, Per Diem Nursing Jobs, Revenue Cycle Generalist, Registered Nurse RN Emergency Department, PRN Nursing Jobs, Full-Time Registered Nurse, Security Officer, and Patient Sitter.
For over 45 years, PruittHealth has ensured the peace and mind of its patients, residents, clients and their families through its commitment to quality health care. Opportunities found in LaFayette included Activity Director CNA, Certified Nursing Assistant CNA with sign-on bonus, Cook, Financial Counselor, Floor Technician, Housekeeping Jobs, Licensed Practical Nurse, LPN Full-time $1000 Sign-on Bonus, Nurse Supervisor RN, Registered Nurse Jobs, Speech Language Pathologist PRN, and Physical Therapist.
Primary Healthcare Centers is dedicated to improving the health status of its patients and community by providing accessible, affordable, quality health care services to everyone, regardless of ability to pay.
Dialysis Clinic Inc. periodically posts open positions. During reivew there was an opportunity for a Medical Billing Specialist.
Compassus provides a range of home health, hospice and palliative services and other resources to benefit patients and families. Compassus was hiring for the positions of Clinical Liaison (Hospice) and Registered Nurse Case Manager.
Lookout Mountain Community Services (LMCS) has been providing mental health, substance abuse, and developmental disabilities services to individuals since 1965. Here you may find open positions such as Psychiatrist, Nurse Practitioner, Licensed Behavioral Health Provider-CST, Substance Abuse Counselor-CACII, Certified Peer Specialist, SST 3-Recovery Services, Nurse RN or LPN, Behavioral Health Counselor PT, Vehicle Operator, Child and Adolescent Counselor, Care Coordinator CME, Human Resources Technician, Kaleidoscope Chickamauga-SST, Kaleidoscope Chickamauga-Instructor, Kaleidoscope Employment Specialist, and Customer Service Representative (Multi Site).
Walker County Schools frequently has open positions for teachers and support staff. During this review there had been openings for School Custodian, Substitute Teacher, Substitute Cafeteria Workers, High School Paraprofessional, Elementary Teacher, and High School Teacher. Check for new listings.
The Chickamauga City School System is composed of three schools. Chickamauga Elementary School serves grades kindergarten through five; Gordon Lee Middle School serves grades six through eight; and Gordon Lee High School serves grades nine through twelve. The system has a current enrollment of 1,324 students.
The YMCA employs staff members to carry out its mission through programs and services held in the Northwest Georgia region. Staff are needed year-round, but many positions are seasonal and the YMCA's needs change frequently.
TeachGeorgia is the official state database of all certified position vacancies in Georgia public schools.
Visit the Walker County Sheriff's Office recruiting page for information for how to become a Detention Officer, Deputy Sheriff, or Detective. Detention officers who have been with the department for a period of at least six months may be eligible to attend mandate school to become a certified deputy sheriff. An officer must have at least two years road patrol or other related investigative experience to become eligible for being promoted to the position of detective.
This is a continuously updated jobs resource for the state of Georgia.
Be Work Ready is designed to help unemployed Georgians jump start their job search, improve their core job skills and, ultimately, give them a competitive advantage in the marketplace.
Home Depot located in Fort Oglethorpe frequently hires for positions such as Customer Service/Sales Associate, Cashier, Delivery Driver, Receiving Clerk, Merchandizing, and Repair and Tool Technicians.
Lowe's Home Improvement offers employees an engaging workplace, competitive benefits and wages.
Kmart is a part of Sears Holdings Corporation. Jobs are listed on their site.
Dollar General Market is a fast growing company with ongoing opportunities for positions such as Sales Associate, Shift Supervisor, Food Manager, Receiving Associate, and more.


text:
Vishal Krishna Reddy
also known as Vishal
Actor, Producer, SpecialAppearances
Born: Aug 29, 1977, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
A popular Indian actor and producer, Vishal Krishna, better known by his screen name Vishal primarily works in the Tamil film industry. The son of renowned Tamil film producer G.K. Reddy, Vishal, a graduate in Visual Communications started his career in the film industry as an assistant to director Arjun. Vishal made his debut as the lead in the romantic thriller Chellamae (2004) and has delivered several hit films like Sandakozhi (2005), Thimiru (2006), Malaikottai (2007), Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai (2010), Poojai (2014), Thupparivaalan (2017), Villain (2017) and Irumbuthirai (2018). Apart from acting, Vishal also has produced several films under the banner Vishal Film Factory. His 2019 release includes Ayogya, directed by Venkat Mohan.
Ayogya
Ayogya (Tamil)
Puli Joodham
Sandakozhi 2 (2018) is the 25th film in actor Vishal's career.
For his 2011 movie Avan Ivan, Vishal Krishna Reddy had to sport about nine looks. That wasn't the difficult part, the fact that his character had to squint throughout the movie, was the most difficult part about the movie for him. In a scene, Vishal had to ride a bike while squinting, but the actor couldn't even see where he was going.
While filming Avan Ivan, Vishal faced too many issues because of his character's squint. So much so that he had frequent headaches and pain in the eye. In order to ease the pain, the actor had taken to alcohol to a point where he would've turned an alcoholic.
Before making his acting debut in 2004, Vishal Krishna Reddy was seen on the big screen as a child artist in the 1989 movie Jadikketha Moodi, playing the role of a dancer.
Vishal has been the General Secretary of the Nadigar Sangam, which is officially known as the South Indian Artistes' Association, since 2015.
Vishal was expelled from the Tamil Film Producers' Council after he made some remarks against the council. In 2017, he was elected the president of the council.
Vishal Krishna Reddy established his own production house Vishal Film Factory in 2013 and first produced the drama thriller Pandiya Naadu, which starred him in the lead.
Just because my father is a producer, one can't expect me to camouflage my limitations for a long time. The audience is smart and it is difficult to keep the show going for such a long time if I didn't have the stuff.
Jayam Ravi
Born: Sep 10, 1980
Jiiva


text:
The Christian Church of Los Alamos
Imagine a Church… that is simply Christian
| Home | What Kind of Church | Contact Us | Sermons | Coming Events | Sunday School | Staff | Document Library | Missions | Weekly Bulletin | Giving |
Los Alamos Christian Church
Pastor: Doug Partin began serving with the Christian Church of Los Alamos in January of 1998. Pastor Doug graduated from Dallas Christian College in 1985 with a Bachelor of Arts in Bible (Pastoral Ministries/Biblical Languages), Emmanuel Christian Seminary in 1988 with a Master of Divinity and also in 1996 with a Doctor of Ministry. He served with congregations in Johnson City, TN; Lubbock, TX; and Artesia, NM before coming to Los Alamos. Pastor Doug's ministry is focused on leading through preaching, teaching, counseling, and shepherding.
Pastor of Children and Youth: Steve Bublitz began serving with the Christian Church of Los Alamos in July 2016. Pastor Steve graduated from Virginia Tech in 1984 with a Bachelor of Science in Psychology, and from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in 1989 with a Master of Arts in Religious Education with multi-media emphasis. He has served with congregations in Hattiesburg, MS and Los Alamos, NM before joining the Christian Church. Pastor Steve's ministry is focused on leading through teaching, mentoring, counseling and shepherding.
Secretary: Gretchen Kierstead began serving the Christian Church of Los Alamos in 2002. As secretary, Gretchen is focused on keeping our congregation in touch, the books balanced, and our pastors well supported.
Elders: The Elders of the Christian Church are focused on shepherding the members of this congregation. They are dedicated to serving as the Lord leads. If you need their assistance, please contact one of them. They love you. Our Elders are: Lee Anderson. Steve Hanson, Jim Gross, Rick Hinckley, Doug Partin, Daren Savage, and Dennis Wilhoit.
Deacons: The Deacons of the Christian Church are focused on being ministers of mercy. They are dedicated to serving our members' basic needs and directing benevolent compassion to our community. They serve under the direction of our Elders. Our Deacons are: Patricia Cisneros and Cathy Hadley.
Ministry Area Coordinators: MACs of the Christian Church are focused on leading a particular ministry. They are dedicated to serving by involving our members in using their gifts and talents. They serve under the direction of our Elders. Our Ministries and their Coordinators are:
Administration - Doug Partin
Adult Discipleship - Steve Hanson
Benevolence - Deacon Lead
Children - Steve Bublitz
Community - Michele Irish
Facilities - Mike Irish
Hospitality - Michele Irish
Missions - Reid Pettit
Stewardship - Tammy Hinckley
Worship - Doug Partin
Youth - Steve Bublitz


KIEV — Its certainly not how Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko expected to kick off his final month of campaigning.
Last week, just over a month before Ukrainians head to the polls on March 31 to choose a new president, journalists uncovered an embezzlement scandal involving military hardware that cost taxpayers millions of dollars. The revelations sparked outrage among voters and accusations of "treason" from Poroshenkos critics.
The billionaire oligarchs chief opponent in the presidential race, former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko, has called for the Poroshenko to be impeached. Three lawmakers have left his party in protest.
The accusations strike at the heart of a reelection campaign centered on "army, language, faith," denting Poroshenkos efforts to portray himself as a powerful commander-in-chief ahead of the highly contested March poll.
The scandal "certainly undermines" the message the president has tried to get across, said Alyona Getmanchuck, director of the Kiev-Based think tank New Europe Center.
In a country where accusations of bribery and fraud are typical election-season fare, accusations of corruption are playing an unusually prominent role.
She noted that Poroshenko — who once famously proclaimed that he would "cut off the hands" of anyone caught stealing from the military, and oversaw a massive increase in defense spending, from about $3.3 billion in 2014 to roughly $7.8 billion this year — has portrayed the reform of the Ukrainian army as one of his most important legacies.
Whether the allegations will be enough to derail his campaign is still unclear. In a country where accusations of bribery and fraud are typical election-season fare, accusations of corruption are playing an unusually prominent role. No candidate has emerged unbesmirched.
February started out well for Poroshenko. He had rebounded in the polls and pulled into second place ahead of his longtime rival Tymoshenko and behind the politically untested but popular comedian, Vladimir Zelenskiy.
Then came the bombshell allegations. The report, which aired on television February 25, was put together by investigative journalists from the independent Bihus.info group.
The allegations concern Oleg Gladkovskiy, the first deputy head of Ukraines Security and Defense Council and a former business partner of Poroshenkos, and his 22-year-old son, Igor Gladkovskiy.
The report alleges that the younger Gladkovskiy had, in partnership with two others, sold smuggled Russian military equipment parts to Ukrainian defense manufacturers overseen by his father at wildly inflated prices, costing taxpayers around $9.3 million.
The journalists presented evidence in the form of text messages, contracts and documents they said were leaked by an anonymous source and later independently corroborated. Both Igor and Oleg Gladkovskiy have denied any wrongdoing.
Its a dangerous case for Poroshenko. Corruption in the armed forces is an especially sensitive subject in a country at war with Russia and its separatist proxies.
According to the United Nations, about 13,000 people — mostly Ukrainians — have been killed in the conflict with Moscow, which will enter its sixth year in April.
Volunteers have crowdfunded supplies for the countrys soldiers, helping provide everything from boots and winter coats to sniper scopes and drones. Polls also consistently show the military ranking among Ukraines most trusted institutions.
Embezzling from the war effort is an indefensible crime in the eyes of patriotic Ukrainians, according to Volodymyr Fesenko, who heads the Kiev-based Penta Center for Political Studies.
Poroshenko is not the only politician under fire.
As the race heats up, the interior ministry has received 1,871 reports of election-related violations and opened 89 cases, Interior Minister Arsen Avakov said last week. Some 454 reports involve Poroshenkos party. Another 353 involved Tymoshenkos camp, according to Avakov.
As Tymoshenko was busy calling for Poroshenkos impeachment, a report by Schemes, an investigative journalism project at Radio Free Europe/Radio Libertys Ukrainian Service, revealed that the ex-prime minister has registered a number of suspicious donations to her campaign since June 2018.
The origins of the donations, amounting to some $6 million, raised doubts about their provenance, in a country where allegations of corruption and undisclosed foreign backing run rife.
Several of the supposed Tymoshenko donors denied making the contributions, many of which amounted to thousands of dollars — more than some of their annual salaries. The Schemes journalists found that several people contributed identical amounts, and one individual contributed identical amounts several times from banks in different cities. In some cases, entire families made donations on the same day, Schemes reported.
The National Agency on Corruption Prevention announced last week that it is examining the financial statements of every party, including Tymoshenkos, and that more than 200 suspected "administrative violations" have been referred to law enforcement.
Amid the mudslinging, other candidates have risen in the polls, most notably the newcomer Zelenskiy, a comedian who plays Ukraines president on a popular TV show and is now running for the real-life presidency. Every independent survey conducted since mid-February has shown him leading the pack, and in some cases by as much as 9 points.
Zelenskiy likely stands to benefit from the recent scandals, "as well as those opposition candidates who effectively sell Ukrainians the idea that the current political elite successfully make money on war," said Getmanchuk at the New Europe Center.
With Poroshenkos party in control of parliament, any bill calling for him to be impeached is highly unlikely to pass.
Zelenskiy, though, hasnt risen to the top without a scandal of his own. Investigative reporters from Schemes in January uncovered evidence that his production company Kvartal 95 had been earning money from Russia since 2014, contradicting his earlier statements that he quit doing business in Russia after it annexed Crimea that year.
Another potential beneficiary is Anatoliy Grytsenko, a former defense minister who has positioned himself as the only "honest" candidate in the race but has struggled to break into the top five in most polls.
Days after the Gladkovskiy scandal broke, the former minister won the support of Lviv Mayor Andriy Sadovyi, who announced he was folding his presidential campaign to back Grytsenko.
Its still too early to tell how the recent scandals will affect the election front-runners, according to Fesenko.
Ukraines National Anti-Corruption Bureau has opened a probe into the Gladkovskiy case, but its results are unlikely to hurt Poroshenko ahead of the poll, as the investigation is unlikely to be completed before the first-round election vote on March 31.
Tymoshenkos call for impeachment is similarly toothless. With Poroshenkos party in control of parliament, any bill calling for him to be impeached is highly unlikely to pass.
That means no one can be discounted, said Aivaras Abromavicius, a former Ukrainian economy and trade minister. Poroshenko and Tymoshenko are both "fighters" with a number of "tricks" up their sleeves, he said.
"And because administrative resources have a history of being used and abused in [presidential elections], which have given the incumbent the upper hand, Poroshenko especially cannot be counted out," he added.
In other words, Ukraine may not have seen the last election scandal before this months vote.