James W. Martin passed away Jan. 4, after a courageous two and one half-year battle against cancer.
Jim was born in Crawford, Neb., on Nov. l6, 1936. His family later moved to the family ranch north of Lusk where he was raised.
In 1956, he and his older brother, Virgil, enlisted in the U.S. Navy together. They remained together throughout their military career, with both becoming structural steelworkers with the Seabees. They spent most of their service with MCB 10 and 11 in Guam. After his discharge from the Navy, he continued in that career field. He retired from Point Mugu after 30 years of service in January 1992.
He is survived by his loving wife of 48-years, June; daughter and son-in-law, Belinda and Tom Gow; grandchildren, Jennifer and Joseph Gow; sisters, Sue Bartlett of Ogena, Wis., and Vickie Kennedy and her husband Gale of Casper, and brother Bill and his wife Kris of Lusk.
He was preceded in death by his parents Virgil and Anna Martin, brother Virgil Jr. and sister Virginia.
Memorial services were held at 11 a.m. on Jan. 13 at James A Reardon Mortuary in Oxnard. A reception followed at the Oxnard Moose Lodge.
Donations in Jim's memory may be made to the American Cancer Society.


text:
Rookie Mariota struggles early as Falcons top Titans, 31-24
Tennessee Titans quarterback Marcus Mariota (8) lies on the field after being sacked by Atlanta Falcons defensive tackle Tyson Jackson (94) during Friday's game in Atlanta. - photo by Associated Press
CHARLES ODUM
Updated: Aug. 14, 2015, 10:31 p.m.
ATLANTA — Tennessee rookie quarterback Marcus Mariota, whose first two drives ended with an interception and a fumble, recovered to lead a touchdown drive in the Titans' 31-24 loss to the Atlanta Falcons in a preseason opener Friday night.
Atlanta's Matt Ryan completed all six passes for 86 yards on his only possession, including a 13-yard touchdown to Julio Jones.
With the assistance of Mariota's early turnovers, the Falcons led 17-0 behind new coach Dan Quinn before the Titans pulled even at 24. Michael Ford's 1-yard touchdown run midway through the fourth quarter snapped the tie.
Mariota, the No. 2 overall draft pick, went 7 of 8 for 94 yards. Paul Worrilow returned Mariota's fumble 14 yards for a touchdown.
The first two possessions provided a painful lesson for Mariota that games are different from practice.
Early in his first drive, Mariota's short pass was intercepted by linebacker Justin Durant, whose 20-yard return set up a field goal.
On Tennessee's next drive, Mariota was not hit when the ball slipped out of his hand before he could pass. Worrilow scooped up the loose ball and raced to the end zone.
It was the Mariota's first look at a four-man defensive front. He has worked only against the Titans' 3-4 scheme in practice. He entered the preseason opener with an impressive streak of 186 passes without an interception in seven-on-seven and team drills at training camp.
The good news for the Titans was Mariota's recovery on his third possession. He had two 17-yard completions to former Falcons receiver Harry Douglas and a 26-yard pass to running back Antonio Andrews to set up Dexter McCluster's 6-yard scoring run.
That was all for Mariota. Backup quarterback Zach Mettenberger also threw an interception late in the first half, but only after he connected with Rico Richardson on a 30-yard touchdown pass.
Ryan glad to have extension settled ahead of training camp
Falcons fall in Philly
Ryan back with team after day off for 'personal matter'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Apple has finished the iPhone 7, factories start production – report
If you're eagerly awaiting the iPhone 7, we've may have some good news for you.
Apple has kicked off mass-production of the 4.7-inch iPhone 7, according to a new report. Journalist and reputable leaker Steve Hemmerstoffer – better known on Twitter as @Onleaks – claims the final model manufacturing has "slowly started" at the Pegatron factory.
Along with Foxconn, Pegatron is one of Apple's primary manufacturing partners. It's a Taiwanese company, although the lion's share of its employees are based in China. According to Hemmerstoffer, only the 4.7-inch iPhone 7 is being manufactured by Pegatron, not the 5.5-inch 'Plus' version. He previously alleged that Foxconn had won the contract for the larger iPhone 7.
Mass production of 4.7" #iPhone7 has slowly started at Pegatron factory (where the 5.5" model won't be assembled) pic.twitter.com/nZkcF19Gqs
— OnLeaks (@OnLeaks) June 18, 2016
Apple is expected to unveil the iPhone 7 at its annual September product launch. If that's true, it wouldn't be surprising for Apple to now be entering the mass-production stage of manufacturing. We've already seen an abundance of schematic leaks, which suggests that Apple has already locked down the phone's design.
It's rumoured that the iPhone 7 will proffer little in the way of aesthetic changes when compared to the iPhone 6S. Supposed modifications include slightly reworked antenna banding and the removal of the 3.5mm headphone jack. There's also been widespread speculation that the iPhone 7 Plus will feature a dual-lens camera, and that both phones will be available in a new 'Deep Blue' colour option.
AppleiPhoneiPhone 7leaks
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text:
Daily Paper On How to Get More Active in Your Community
The Daily Paper Crew Talk About How to Get More Active in Your Community
(All the content you need to see you through this period of self-isolation.Work From Home) 2020-06-12 20:21 in StyleWords By Jian DeLeon
Hussein Suleiman, Abderr Trabsini, and Jefferson Osei are the trio behind Daily Paper, the Amsterdam-born brand that started as a publication and became a movement of its own. With plans to make their US debut with a New York flagship store put on pause due to Covid-19 (4:23), they've had no choice but to up their e-commerce game considerably.
Luckily that's something that comes natural to this crew — after all, Daily Paper started as a lifestyle blog before it became a full-on clothing label. It's something they're excited to return to with their UNITE hub (14:17), a place where they put everything from music playlists, staff profiles, and give a deeper look at the seasonal inspirations for each collection.
The following interview has been edited and condensed.
Jian DeLeon: What's going on guys? Where are you calling in from?
Jefferson Osei:: Amsterdam.
Hussein Suleiman: I'm in New York. I'm leaving New York tomorrow to go back to Amsterdam.
JD: What's the situation in Amsterdam like under lockdown?
JO: Yeah. At the moment we are on a semi-lockdown.
JO: The government has a different approach towards the whole situation. People are still allowed to go outside, but you're not allowed to mingle and commute in large groups. You're still allowed to do your grocery shopping, get your essential needs, and you can play sports. More or less, all the restaurants, bars, clubs, cinemas, and entertainment areas are closed. But it's a way different approach compared to the rest of the world. At first people were looking at the Netherlands like: "Yo, people are underestimating this whole situation." But I think the government did quite a good job to relieve the pressure on the healthcare system and to keep the population calm instead of panicking.
HS: All events are now canceled till September 1st, so my 2020 is officially over.
JD: Obviously this whole situation has put a damper on your plans to open up in New York, right?
HS: Yeah, we were just about to open. We had the date set for April 2nd, and then on the 15th we got news that coronavirus was getting very serious here in New York, and that the government made the choice of actually banning all flights from Europe — and we can't open up without the squad being here — so we had to postpone. We still don't know when we're going to open, I guess whenever we feel like it's the correct time.
JD: What's the travel situation and social climate around the rest of Europe?
JO: Compared to other countries, people aren't quite as calm. At the beginning they were panicking, buying a lot of groceries and stuff. But I actually adapted to the lifestyle and I'm quite positive. We all just have to be patient and see how everything goes from here.
Abderr Trabsini: In other countries in Europe — for example — Italy, Spain and France, those governments made drastic measures. So a lot of people were hoarding groceries, and people were stressed and getting very uncomfortable. In the Netherlands it's a more toned down approach. You get the feeling that they have this thing under control.
HS: In Russia, you need a QR code. You have to walk with it outside, and the cops will scan your QR code to know why you're outside. From a personal perspective, I think it's good that actually the world stopped. Considering the way we've been treating the world, I think when this is over, the world's going to change in a good way.
JD: You've also done some great collabs with the community, like the Jiggy Boyz collab that sold out so fast. How did that happen?
HS: The wave cap and T-shirts sold out in an hour! In 2018 we did a London pop-up store, and that's the moment we met. We've been making this collab since a year ago. People were really excited about i, because we kept teasing as for months. We made a friends-and family jacket, and also we dropped it at the right time. The response was great.
AT: Actually we weren't planning to do an online release for this one. Kida is from Lagos, Nigeria. And we actually wanted to release it there. There's this festival called Homecoming, and it was supposed to be in the second week of April. We were going to go to Nigeria to do a pop-up, but as you know, our travel has been canceled. We were forced to do an online release, but we didn't release everything at once. We only released one colorway of the collection, because we still have hope that we can still do an in-store release sometime soon.
JD: You'e created a lot of great content on the UNITE hub. Of course, Daily Paper's visual presence on Instagram and other social media is unmatched, so what made you guys want to create this new digital space?
AT: The UNITE hub is an extended platform of Daily Paper. As everybody may not know, Daily Paper used to be a blog, and we were covering our lifestyle as a collective from Amsterdam. We've always had these plans to find a way to return to this kind of blog platform, but we didn't find the right tone of voice or had the time to work on it. It was something we already had planned for a while, but we felt like now we could actually introduce it and interact with our community in a more informal way. We have something called "Behind the Shield," where we introduce our community to everything that's happening around shoots, our models, the artists that we interact with, people in our network, and our colleagues that work for the brand. We hope to do more with it.
Stay tuned for new episodes of Vibe Check every Tuesday and Thursday.
vibe check
Jian DeLeonEditorial Director
Jian DeLeon is the Editorial Director at Highsnobiety. He is based in New York.


You know that there is more power underneath your engine cover than you are currently getting, but is it safe and reliable?
At Dastek Power we design, manufacture and test the Power Plug to be unique to every type of vehicle. We also test and programme the accompanying Unichip for your specific vehicle and specific engine and our network of specialised dealers will then fit, test and tweak the Unichip and Power Plug to be absolutely perfect for your engine and your needs.
By fitting a Power Plug you utilise the full power of Unichip, the world's most advanced performance chip. To learn more about why Unichip is superior to virtually all other performance upgrade chips, click here.
Did you know that you can programme your Unichip, with a Power Plug, to offer more than one performance map? Thanks to the constant testing of the performance engineers at Dastek Power, most of the Unichip Power Plug systems currently fitted through our network of approved dealers have four or five programmes available.
To access the wide range of performance maps, you simply fit an in-car selector called a Power Switch and you can change your car's engine performance and entire character with the press of a button.
Select and lock the vehicle in this setting when you park somewhere and are worried about the safety of the vehicle. In this mode the engine is rendered completely powerless and it will not deliver any power to the wheels. Your engine will merely turn, but nothing will happen.
You may love the extra power that a performance chip gives you, but you will start to hate it if you are stuck in traffic where the extra power merely frustrates you and where your pick-up, SUV or passenger vehicle simply starts using more fuel.
By selecting the fuel consumption setting, your engine will still deliver more power than in standard mode, but it will also use much less fuel. The improvement will be immediately evident in the longer distances between tanks.
Getting the most power from your engine does not always help when you are driving in a technical off road section where good throttle response is more important than pure engine power.
For these conditions, you can select an off road setting that gives you more low-down power at low engine speeds. This is also an ideal setting if you are towing a large caravan or boat, or towing someone who does not have the power of a Unichip out of the mud or water.
Our final, and most popular, setting unleashes the full power of the Unichip. In this setting the Unichip comes alive and optimises virtually every setting of your car to deliver the most power available.
In this setting, many seemingly standard pick-ups and SUVs have seen their power and torque jump by over 20% and in some cases over 30%. That may sound like a small number, but in a Land Cruiser 200 VX V8 Turbo Diesel, this setting unleashes nearly 1 000 Nm of torque. Just imagine the look on the hot hatch driver's face when you leave him in your dust in your "slow" SUV!


Calculus was an invention of many people over centuries. There were ideas of calculus in ancient Greek times, and it proceeded to be developed throughout the centuries up until the time of Newton and Leibniz. But when it comes to who gets the credit for "discovering" one of the most revolutionary concepts in all of mathematics, the matter is a little unclear.
Sir Isaac Newton was a mathematician and scientist, and he was the first person who is credited with actually developing calculus. As I say, it really is an incremental development, and many other mathematicians had part of the idea. In fact, Newton's teacher, by the name of Barrow, actually said "the fundamental theorem of calculus" in his writings but somehow didn't realize the significance of it and didn't actually highlight it. But he was Newton's teacher and presumably Newton learned things from him. Fermat invented some of the early concepts associated with calculus, finding derivatives and finding maxima and minima of equations. And other mathematicians, many mathematicians contributed to both the development of the derivative and the development of the integral.
Newton was, apparently, pathologically averse to controversy. He really didn't like to be involved in controversy. And because of his aversion to controversy, he was involved in probably the biggest controversy in the history of mathematics about a discovery in mathematics.
Well, Newton was, apparently, pathologically averse to controversy. He really didn't like to be involved in controversy. And because of his aversion to controversy, he was involved in probably the biggest controversy in the history of mathematics about a discovery in mathematics. So it's ironic that the person who was so averse to it actually ended up being embroiled in the biggest one in history. It was cause and effect. It wasn't just an accident. It was his aversion that caused the controversy.
The reason that it caused it is that Newton actually developed the concept of calculus during the middle of the 1660s. And in 1664, '65, '66, in that period of time, he asserts that he invented the basic ideas of calculus. And in fact, in 1669, he wrote a paper on it but wouldn't publish it. In 1671, he wrote another paper on calculus and didn't publish it; another in 1676 and didn't publish it. In fact, these papers were actually published. The one he wrote in 1669 was published in 1711. That's, what, 42 years later? The one he wrote in 1671 was published in 1736; nine years after he was dead. And then the paper he wrote in 1676 was published in 1704. So none of his works on calculus were published until the 18th century. But he did circulate them to friends and acquaintances, so it was known that he actually had this. This wasn't just hearsay, and he used the techniques of calculus in his scientific work.
But Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, independently invented calculus. He invented calculus somewhere in the middle of the 1670s. So he said that he thought of the ideas in about 1674, and then actually published the ideas in 1684, 10 years later. His paper on calculus was called "A New Method for Maxima and Minima, as Well Tangents, Which is not Obstructed by Fractional or Irrational Quantities." So this was the title for his work. It was six pages and was extremely obscure and was apparently very difficult to understand.
This is a transcript from the video series Change and Motion: Calculus Made Clear. It's available for audio and video download here.
And one thing that you have to understand, by the way, is that at that time, what we today think of as absolutely fundamental to even starting to think about calculus, some of those ideas simply didn't exist at all, for example, the idea of function. We've talked about function—you know, at every time we know where we are, at every time there's a speed—those are examples of function. That concept itself wasn't actually formulated until the 1690s, after calculus was invented. So people were a little vague on these concepts.
Well Newton and Leibniz didn't understand it in any more formal way at that time. This was a big problem for all of the people in that century because they were unclear about such concepts as infinite processes. That was a huge stumbling block for them. They were worried about infinitesimal lengths of time. Both Newton and Leibniz would think about infinitesimal lengths of time. How far does something go in an infinitesimal length of time? Well that kind of thinking leads to all sorts of paradoxes, including Zeno's paradoxes.
I wanted to read you a very famous couplet from a poem by Alexander Pope. These are the kinds of things one would like to have written about oneself. "Nature and Nature's laws lay hid at night; God said, Let Newton be! and all was light." So this was Alexander Pope on Newton.
"Taking mathematics from the beginning of the world to the time when Newton lived, what he has done is much the better part." This was Leibniz talking about Newton.
The controversy between Newton and Leibniz started in the later part of the 1600s. 1699 was a date associated with a start of a tirade, which just went downhill. It was a tremendous controversy. But Leibniz had this to say about Newton. And I've served on many committees reading letters of recommendation for mathematicians, you know, for positions, and I can assure you that there are huge numbers of mathematicians who are the best three mathematicians in the world in any given field, but if a sentence like Leibniz's sentence on Newton appeared in a letter, one would take notice. Leibniz said about Newton, "Taking mathematics from the beginning of the world to the time when Newton lived, what he has done is much the better part." This was Leibniz talking about Newton.
Even a mathematician wouldn't know from the actual translation of the sentence exactly what it was that he had done.
But when Newton began to realize that Leibniz had the ideas of calculus, which he began to realize in the 1770s, Newton's response to make sure that he got credit for calculus was to write a letter to Leibniz in which he encoded a Latin sentence and I will—well, I won't attempt the Latin, but I'll attempt just a few words of the Latin. It starts out, "Data aequatione quotcunque" and so on. It's a short Latin sentence whose translation is, "Having any given equation involving never so many flowing quantities, to find the fluxions, and vice versa." This was a sentence that encapsulated his, Newton's, thinking about derivatives. And what he did is he took that sentence and he just took the letters, individual letters, a, c, d, e, and he put them just in order. He said there are six a's, two c's, one d, 13 e's, two f's. He put them in order and that was what he included in this letter to Leibniz to establish his priority for calculus. And I read you the sentence, which means very little to anybody. Even a mathematician wouldn't know from the actual translation of the sentence exactly what it was that he had done.
So he tried to establish his priority in that fashion, but then there were accusations that Leibniz had read some of these manuscripts of Newton's work before he got the ideas. But since Leibniz had published first, people who were siding with Leibniz said that Newton had stolen the ideas from Leibniz. And it was a huge mess, which incidentally led to British mathematics being very retarded for the next century because they didn't take advantage of the wonderful developments of calculus that were taking place on continental Europe.


Brings up the Windows Security dialog box.
Switches the client between full-screen mode and window mode.
Places a snapshot of the active window, within the client, on the Remote Desktop Session Host (RD Session Host) server clipboard (provides the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on the local computer).
Places a snapshot of the entire client windows area on the RD Session Host server clipboard (provides the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on the local computer).
Switches between programs from left to right.
Switches between programs for right to left.
Cycles through the programs in the order they were started.


text:
Q: IP address is showing in form action with CodeIgniter http://::1/codeigniter/ in html sourcecode I have the CI script installed on Xampp. Currently I am working on forms and when I click on submit on html, it does nothing.
I tried
echo form_open('verifylogin');
echo form_open();

It show on sourcecode as
<form action="http://::1/codeigniter/verifylogin">
<form action="http://::1/codeigniter/">

respectively.
I don't understand what this "http://::1/" is and how to get rid of it?

A: Go to application/config/config.php set base_url
$config['base_url'] = 'http://localhost/example/';
And refresh your application
Then ::1 error should be gone.

A: If ip address is displayed in form action or url

*

*http://::1/yourproject/

*http://127.0.0.1/yourproject/
Chances are you have left the base url blank
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Base Site URL
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| URL to your CodeIgniter root. Typically this will be your base URL,
| WITH a trailing slash:
|
|   http://example.com/
|
| WARNING: You MUST set this value!
|
| If it is not set, then CodeIgniter will try guess the protocol and path
| your installation, but due to security concerns the hostname will be set
| to $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'] if available, or localhost otherwise.
| The auto-detection mechanism exists only for convenience during
| development and MUST NOT be used in production!
|
| If you need to allow multiple domains, remember that this file is still
| a PHP script and you can easily do that on your own.
|
*/

$config['base_url'] = '';

Now days in latest versions of codeIgniter it is not recommend that you leave your base_url blank.

*

*$config['base_url'] = 'http://localhost/yourproject/';

*$config['base_url'] = 'http://www.example.com/';
And is always good to end url with /
You may need to create routes for your form here
application > config > routes.php

CodeIgniter 3: Routing
CodeIgniter 2: Routing

Update:

With CodeIgniter 3 + versions:

When you create a file remember you will have to have first letter ONLY upper case on file names and classes.
What will happen sometimes is that it all may well work in a localhost environment with lower case but when you go to a live server some times will throw errors or not submit forms correct etc.
Example: From Controllers This also applies to Models
This is valid
File name: Verifylogin.php
<?php

class Verifylogin extends CI_Controller {

    public function __construct() {
       parent::__construct();
    }

    public function index() {

    }

}

This is valid
File name: Verify_login.php
<?php

class Verify_login extends CI_Controller {

    public function __construct() {
       parent::__construct();
    }

    public function index() {

    }

}

This is not valid
File name: verifylogin.php

class verifylogin extends CI_Controller {

    public function __construct() {
       parent::__construct();
    }

    public function index() {

    }

}

This is not valid
File name: Verify_Login.php

class Verify_Login extends CI_Controller {

    public function __construct() {
       parent::__construct();
    }

    public function index() {

    }

}

Codeigniter Doc's

A: Go to System/core/Config.php
Set config in line 84
public function __construct()
    {
        $this->config =& get_config();

    // Set the base_url automatically if none was provided
    if (empty($this->config['base_url']))
    {
        // The regular expression is only a basic validation for a valid "Host" header.
        // It's not exhaustive, only checks for valid characters.
        if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']) && preg_match('/^((\[[0-9a-f:]+\])|(\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3})|[a-z0-9\-\.]+)(:\d+)?$/i', $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']))
        {
            $base_url = (is_https() ? 'https' : 'http').'://'.$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']
                .substr($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'], 0, strpos($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'], basename($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'])));
        }
        else
        {
            $base_url = 'http://localhost/';
        }

        $this->set_item('base_url', $base_url);
    }

    log_message('info', 'Config Class Initialized');
}

A: Remove / from url
Previous :

<a href="/<?=site_url('contacts/create')?>">New Contact

After :

<a href="<?=site_url('contacts/create')?>">New Contact

A: I solved this problem by removing the "/" in the redirect
Before:
header("Location: /index.php?error=TRUE")
After:
header("Location: index.php?error=TRUE")

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text:
Tiny Couch Production
TWU
Voice of Denton
Home Education U.S. Department of State awards $35,000 grant to Benner, Phillips
U.S. Department of State awards $35,000 grant to Benner, Phillips
Photo by Aaron Burden on Unsplash
Annie Phillips
Aug. 4, 2020—DENTON—The U.S. Department of State has awarded a $35,000 grant aimed at increasing education abroad opportunities for minority students to William Benner, PhD, an assistant professor of Spanish, and Annie Phillips, PhD, executive director for International Affairs.
The Increase and Diversify Education Abroad for U.S. Students (IDEAS) grant is part of the U.S. Department of State's Capacity Building Program for U.S. Study Abroad.
Benner and Phillips will use the IDEAS grant to increase minority student participation in study abroad through the creation and implementation of a faculty-led program focused on the themes of public health and women's empowerment.
"The goal of the 'Global Bilingual Community Healthcare' program is to provide an opportunity for undergraduate students majoring in a variety of health sciences disciplines to participate in a medical immersion experience in Guatemala during the summer of 2021," Benner said. While abroad, students will practice medical interpretation with Guatemalan patients and English-speaking doctors. Additionally, students will engage in service learning by installing water filters in homes of Guatemalan residents who do not have access to potable water.
William Benner
"In today's world, it is imperative that we prepare our students to interact with people who have different cultural values, views and experiences," Phillips said. "Our abroad program will not only provide students the opportunity to advance their Spanish-language fluency, but also their intercultural fluency." The Global Bilingual Community Healthcare program is a critical component to Benner's bilingual healthcare courses, which he teaches as part of his Spanish minor.Texas Woman's is one of 24 colleges and universities from across the United States, selected from 115 applicants, to create, expand, and/or diversify American student mobility overseas in support of U.S. foreign policy goals.
"We are committed to continuing our support for U.S. colleges and universities as they build their study abroad capacity now, in anticipation of a strong return to U.S. student mobility in the future. When American students study abroad, they support critical U.S. foreign policy goals by building relationships with foreign peers, sharing American culture and values, and developing valuable career skills. With these international experiences, the next generation of Americans is being equipped with the skills necessary to compete and succeed globally," said Marie Royce, assistant secretary of state for the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs.
Source: TWU
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Next articleDenton Police Launch Take Me Home Program
Mayborn School of Journalism receives $500,000 NBC grant
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How is the Federal Reserve held accountable in our democratic society?
On October 1st, 2012 the Federal Reserve released a speech by Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke given at the Economic Club of Indiana where he asked and then answered five key questions related to QI, or Qualitative Easing. VanEd is publishing these answers one at a time for our students to review.
What are the Fed's objectives, and how is it trying to meet them?
What's the relationship between the Fed's monetary policy and the fiscal decisions of the Administration and the Congress?
What is the risk that the Fed's accommodative monetary policy will lead to inflation?
How does the Fed's monetary policy affect savers and investors?
Today we are publishing the Chairman's response to the final question and conclude his remarks in this series.
How Is the Federal Reserve Held Accountable in a Democratic Society?
I will turn, finally, to the question of how the Federal Reserve is held accountable in a democratic society.
The Federal Reserve was created by the Congress, now almost a century ago. In the Federal Reserve Act and subsequent legislation, the Congress laid out the central bank's goals and powers, and the Fed is responsible to the Congress for meeting its mandated objectives, including fostering maximum employment and price stability. At the same time, the Congress wisely designed the Federal Reserve to be insulated from short-term political pressures. For example, members of the Federal Reserve Board are appointed to staggered, 14-year terms, with the result that some members may serve through several Administrations. Research and practical experience have established that freeing the central bank from short-term political pressures leads to better monetary policy because it allows policymakers to focus on what is best for the economy in the longer run, independently of near-term electoral or partisan concerns. All of the members of the Federal Open Market Committee take this principle very seriously and strive always to make monetary policy decisions based solely on factual evidence and careful analysis.
It is important to keep politics out of monetary policy decisions, but it is equally important, in a democracy, for those decisions--and, indeed, all of the Federal Reserve's decisions and actions--to be undertaken in a strong framework of accountability and transparency. The American people have a right to know how the Federal Reserve is carrying out its responsibilities and how we are using taxpayer resources.
One of my principal objectives as Chairman has been to make monetary policy at the Federal Reserve as transparent as possible. We promote policy transparency in many ways. For example, the Federal Open Market Committee explains the reasons for its policy decisions in a statement released after each regularly scheduled meeting, and three weeks later we publish minutes with a detailed summary of the meeting discussion. The Committee also publishes quarterly economic projections with information about where we anticipate both policy and the economy will be headed over the next several years. I hold news conferences four times a year and testify often before congressional committees, including twice-yearly appearances that are specifically designated for the purpose of my presenting a comprehensive monetary policy report to the Congress. My colleagues and I frequently deliver speeches, such as this one, in towns and cities across the country.
The Federal Reserve is also very open about its finances and operations. The Federal Reserve Act requires the Federal Reserve to report annually on its operations and to publish its balance sheet weekly. Similarly, under the financial reform law enacted after the financial crisis, we publicly report in detail on our lending programs and securities purchases, including the identities of borrowers and counterparties, amounts lent or purchased, and other information, such as collateral accepted. In late 2010, we posted detailed information on our public website about more than 21,000 individual credit and other transactions conducted to stabilize markets during the financial crisis. And, just last Friday, we posted the first in an ongoing series of quarterly reports providing a great deal of information on individual discount window loans and securities transactions. The Federal Reserve's financial statement is audited by an independent, outside accounting firm, and an independent Inspector General has wide powers to review actions taken by the Board. Importantly, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) has the ability to--and does--oversee the efficiency and integrity of all of our operations, including our financial controls and governance.
While the GAO has access to all aspects of the Fed's operations and is free to criticize or make recommendations, there is one important exception: monetary policymaking. In the 1970s, the Congress deliberately excluded monetary policy deliberations, decisions, and actions from the scope of GAO reviews. In doing so, the Congress carefully balanced the need for democratic accountability with the benefits that flow from keeping monetary policy free from short-term political pressures.
However, there have been recent proposals to expand the authority of the GAO over the Federal Reserve to include reviews of monetary policy decisions. Because the GAO is the investigative arm of the Congress and GAO reviews may be initiated at the request of members of the Congress, these reviews (or the prospect of reviews) of individual policy decisions could be seen, with good reason, as efforts to bring political pressure to bear on monetary policymakers. A perceived politicization of monetary policy would reduce public confidence in the ability of the Federal Reserve to make its policy decisions based strictly on what is good for the economy in the longer term. Balancing the need for accountability against the goal of insulating monetary policy from short-term political pressure is very important, and I believe that the Congress had it right in the 1970s when it explicitly chose to protect monetary policy decisionmaking from the possibility of politically motivated reviews.
In conclusion, I will simply note that these past few years have been a difficult time for the nation and the economy. For its part, the Federal Reserve has also been tested by unprecedented challenges. As we approach next year's 100th anniversary of the signing of the Federal Reserve Act, however, I have great confidence in the institution. In particular, I would like to recognize the skill, professionalism, and dedication of the employees of the Federal Reserve System. They work tirelessly to serve the public interest and to promote prosperity for people and businesses across America. The Fed's policy choices can always be debated, but the quality and commitment of the Federal Reserve as a public institution is second to none, and I am proud to lead it.


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International Psychogeriatrics (1)
Microscopy and Microanalysis (1)
Powder Diffraction (1)
Psychiatric Bulletin (1)
Brazilian Society for Microscopy and Microanalysis (SBMM) (1)
International Psychogeriatric Association (1)
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Cambridge Companions (1)
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Chapter 39 - Fetal Reduction and Selective Termination
from Complications of Monochorionic Multiple Pregnancy: Multifetal Reduction in Multiple Pregnancy
By Mark I. Evans, Shara M. Evans, Jenifer Curtis, David W. Britt
Edited by Mark D. Kilby, University of Birmingham, Anthony Johnson, Dick Oepkes
Book: Fetal Therapy
Print publication: 02 January 2020, pp 404-417
We first published on the subject of pregnancy management via fetal reduction (FR) 30 years ago [1]. Dramatic changes have occurred in medical technology, outcomes, and patient choices – large demographic and cultural shifts that have driven the pace and direction of progress and research [2, 3].
Materials assurance through orthogonal materials measurements: X-ray fluorescence aspects
Mark A. Rodriguez, Mark H. Van Benthem, Donald F. Susan, James J. M. Griego, Pin Yang, Curtis D. Mowry, David G. Enos
Journal: Powder Diffraction / Volume 32 / Issue 2 / June 2017
Print publication: June 2017
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) has been employed as one of several orthogonal means of screening materials to prevent counterfeit and adulterated products from entering the product stream. We document the use of principal component analysis (PCA) of XRF data on compositionally similar and dissimilar stainless steels for the purpose of testing the feasibility of employing XRF spectra to parse and bin these alloys as the same or significantly different alloy materials. The results indicate that XRF spectra can separate and assign alloys via PCA, but that important corrections for detector drift and scaling must be performed in order to achieve valid results.
Immune signatures and disorder-specific patterns in a cross-disorder gene expression analysis
Simone de Jong, Stephen J. Newhouse, Hamel Patel, Sanghyuck Lee, David Dempster, Charles Curtis, Jose Paya-Cano, Declan Murphy, C. Ellie Wilson, Jamie Horder, M. Andreina Mendez, Philip Asherson, Margarita Rivera, Helen Costello, Stefanos Maltezos, Susannah Whitwell, Mark Pitts, Charlotte Tye, Karen L. Ashwood, Patrick Bolton, Sarah Curran, Peter McGuffin, Richard Dobson, Gerome Breen
Journal: The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 209 / Issue 3 / September 2016
Recent studies point to overlap between neuropsychiatric disorders in symptomatology and genetic aetiology.
To systematically investigate genomics overlap between childhood and adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and major depressive disorder (MDD).
Analysis of whole-genome blood gene expression and genetic risk scores of 318 individuals. Participants included individuals affected with adult ADHD (n = 93), childhood ADHD (n = 17), MDD (n = 63), ASD (n = 51), childhood dual diagnosis of ADHD–ASD (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 78).
Weighted gene co-expression analysis results reveal disorder-specific signatures for childhood ADHD and MDD, and also highlight two immune-related gene co-expression modules correlating inversely with MDD and adult ADHD disease status. We find no significant relationship between polygenic risk scores and gene expression signatures.
Our results reveal disorder overlap and specificity at the genetic and gene expression level. They suggest new pathways contributing to distinct pathophysiology in psychiatric disorders and shed light on potential shared genomic risk factors.
Change in agitation in Alzheimer's disease in the placebo arm of a nine-week controlled trial
Paul B. Rosenberg, Lea T. Drye, Anton P. Porsteinsson, Bruce G. Pollock, D.P. Devanand, Constantine Frangakis, Zahinoor Ismail, Christopher Marano, Curtis L. Meinert, Jacobo E. Mintzer, Cynthia A. Munro, Gregory Pelton, Peter V. Rabins, Lon S. Schneider, David M. Shade, Daniel Weintraub, Jeffery Newell, Jerome Yesavage, Constantine G. Lyketsos, for the CitAD Research Group
Journal: International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 27 / Issue 12 / December 2015
Placebo responses raise significant challenges for the design of clinical trials. We report changes in agitation outcomes in the placebo arm of a recent trial of citalopram for agitation in Alzheimer's disease (CitAD).
In the CitAD study, all participants and caregivers received a psychosocial intervention and 92 were assigned to placebo for nine weeks. Outcomes included Neurobehavioral Rating Scale agitation subscale (NBRS-A), modified AD Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC), Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) Agitation/Aggression domain (NPI A/A) and Total (NPI-Total) and ADLs. Continuous outcomes were analyzed with mixed-effects modeling and dichotomous outcomes with logistic regression.
Agitation outcomes improved over nine weeks: NBRS-A mean (SD) decreased from 7.8 (3.0) at baseline to 5.4 (3.2), CMAI from 28.7 (6.7) to 26.7 (7.4), NPI A/A from 8.0 (2.4) to 4.9 (3.8), and NPI-Total from 37.3 (17.7) to 28.4 (22.1). The proportion of CGI-C agitation responders ranged from 21 to 29% and was significantly different from zero. MMSE improved from 14.4 (6.9) to 15.7 (7.2) and ADLs similarly improved. Most of the improvement was observed by three weeks and was sustained through nine weeks. The major predictor of improvement in each agitation measure was a higher baseline score in that measure.
We observed significant placebo response which may be due to regression to the mean, response to a psychosocial intervention, natural course of symptoms, or nonspecific benefits of participation in a trial.
The Evolving Landscape of Healthcare-Associated Infections: Recent Advances in Prevention and a Road Map for Research
Nasia Safdar, Deverick J. Anderson, Barbara I. Braun, Philip Carling, Stuart Cohen, Curtis Donskey, Marci Drees, Anthony Harris, David K. Henderson, Susan S. Huang, Manisha Juthani-Mehta, Ebbing Lautenbach, Darren R. Linkin, Jennifer Meddings, Loren G. Miller, Aaron Milstone, Daniel Morgan, Sharmila Sengupta, Meera Varman, Deborah Yokoe, Danielle M. Zerr, on behalf of the Research Committee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
Journal: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 35 / Issue 5 / May 2014
This white paper identifies knowledge gaps and new challenges in healthcare epidemiology research, assesses the progress made toward addressing research priorities, provides the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Committee's recommendations for high-priority research topics, and proposes a road map for making progress toward these goals. It updates the 2010 SHEA Research Committee document, "Charting the Course for the Future of Science in Healthcare Epidemiology: Results of a Survey of the Membership of SHEA," which called for a national approach to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and a prioritized research agenda. This paper highlights recent studies that have advanced our understanding of HAIs, the establishment of the SHEA Research Network as a collaborative infrastructure to address research questions, prevention initiatives at state and national levels, changes in reporting and payment requirements, and new patterns in antimicrobial resistance.
By Su'ad Abdul Khabeer, Zain Abdullah, Liali Albana, Maytha Alhassen, Sylvia Chan-Malik, R. David Coolidge, Edward E. Curtis, Nabil Echchaibi, Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, Zareena A. Grewal, Juliane Hammer, Rosemary R. Hicks, Sally Howell, Amaney Jamal, Akel Ismail Kahera, Michael Muhammad Knight, Karen Leonard, Debra Majeed, Kathleen M. Moore, Omid Safi, Richard Brent Turner, Gisela Webb, Timur R. Yuskaev
Edited by Juliane Hammer, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Omid Safi, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Book: The Cambridge Companion to American Islam
Published online: 05 August 2013
Print publication: 12 August 2013, pp xi-xvi
Chapter 18 - Urban Energy Systems
By Arnulf Grubler, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria and Yale University, Xuemei Bai, Australian National University, Thomas Buettner, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Shobhakar Dhakal, Global Carbon Project and National Institute for Environmental Studies, David J. Fisk, Imperial College London, Toshiaki Ichinose, National Institute for Environmental Studies, James E. Keirstead, Imperial College London, Gerd Sammer, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, David Satterthwaite, International Institute for Environment and Development, Niels B. Schulz, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria and Imperial College, Nilay Shah, Imperial College London, Julia Steinberger, The Institute of Social Ecology, Austria and University of Leeds, Helga Weisz, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Gilbert Ahamer, University of Graz, Timothy Baynes, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Daniel Curtis, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Michael Doherty, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Nick Eyre, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Junichi Fujino, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Keisuke Hanaki, University of Tokyo, Mikiko Kainuma, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Shinji Kaneko, Hiroshima University, Manfred Lenzen, University of Sydney, Jacqui Meyers, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hitomi Nakanishi, University of Canberra, Victoria Novikova, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Krishnan S. Rajan, International Institute of Information Technology, Seongwon Seo, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ram M. Shrestha, Asian Institute of Technology, Priyadarshi R. Shukla, Indian Institute of Management, Alice Sverdlik, International Institute for Environment and Development, Jayant Sathaye, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Global Energy Assessment Writing Team
Book: Global Energy Assessment
Published online: 05 September 2012
Print publication: 27 August 2012, pp 1307-1400
More than 50% of the global population already lives in urban settlements and urban areas are projected to absorb almost all the global population growth to 2050, amounting to some additional three billion people. Over the next decades the increase in rural population in many developing countries will be overshadowed by population flows to cities. Rural populations globally are expected to peak at a level of 3.5 billion people by around 2020 and decline thereafter, albeit with heterogeneous regional trends. This adds urgency in addressing rural energy access, but our common future will be predominantly urban. Most of urban growth will continue to occur in small-to medium-sized urban centers. Growth in these smaller cities poses serious policy challenges, especially in the developing world. In small cities, data and information to guide policy are largely absent, local resources to tackle development challenges are limited, and governance and institutional capacities are weak, requiring serious efforts in capacity building, novel applications of remote sensing, information, and decision support techniques, and new institutional partnerships. While 'megacities' with more than 10 million inhabitants have distinctive challenges, their contribution to global urban growth will remain comparatively small.
Energy-wise, the world is already predominantly urban. This assessment estimates that between 60–80% of final energy use globally is urban, with a central estimate of 75%. Applying national energy (or GHG inventory) reporting formats to the urban scale and to urban administrative boundaries is often referred to as a 'production' accounting approach and underlies the above GEA estimate.
Low Temperature Zinc Indium Oxide Backplane Development for Flexible OLED Displays in a Manufacturing Pilot Line Environment
Michael A. Marrs, Sameer M. Venugopal, Curtis D. Moyer, Edward J. Bawolek, Dirk Bottesch, Barry P. O'Brien, Rita J. Cordova, Jovan Trujillo, Cynthia S. Bell, Douglas E. Loy, Gregory B. Raupp, David R. Allee
Journal: MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1287 / 2011
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 July 2011, mrsf10-1287-f09-02
A low temperature amorphous zinc indium oxide (ZIO) thin film transistor (TFT) backplane technology for high information content flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays has been developed. We have fabricated 4.1-in. diagonal OLED backplanes on the Flexible Display Center's six-inch wafer-scale pilot line using ZIO as the active layer. The ZIO based TFTs exhibited an effective saturation mobility of 18.6 cm2/V-s and a threshold voltage shift of 2.2 Volts or less under positive and negative gate bias DC stress for 10000 seconds. We report on the critical steps in the evolution of the backplane process: the qualification of the low temperature (200°C) ZIO process, the stability of the devices under forward and reverse bias stress, the transfer of the process to flexible plastic substrates, and the fabrication of white organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays.
Quantifying Interhospital Patient Sharing as a Mechanism for Infectious Disease Spread
Susan S. Huang, Taliser R. Avery, Yeohan Song, Kristen R. Elkins, Christopher C. Nguyen, Sandra K. Nutter, Alaka A. Nafday, Curtis J. Condon, Michael T. Chang, David Chrest, John Boos, Georgiy Bobashev, William Wheaton, Steven A. Frank, Richard Piatt, Marc Lipsitch, Robin M. Bush, Stephen Eubank, Donald S. Burke, Bruce Y. Lee
Journal: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 31 / Issue 11 / November 2010
Assessments of infectious disease spread in hospitals seldom account for interfacility patient sharing. This is particularly important for pathogens with prolonged incubation periods or carrier states.
We quantified patient sharing among all 32 hospitals in Orange County (OC), California, using hospital discharge data. Same-day transfers between hospitals were considered "direct" transfers, and events in which patients were shared between hospitals after an intervening stay at home or elsewhere were considered "indirect" patient-sharing events. We assessed the frequency of readmissions to another OC hospital within various time points from discharge and examined interhospital sharing of patients with Clostridium difficile infection.
In 2005, OC hospitals had 319,918 admissions. Twenty-nine percent of patients were admitted at least twice, with a median interval between discharge and readmission of 53 days. Of the patients with 2 or more admissions, 75% were admitted to more than 1 hospital. Ninety-four percent of interhospital patient sharing occurred indirectly. When we used 10 shared patients as a measure of potential interhospital exposure, 6 (19%) of 32 hospitals "exposed" more than 50% of all OC hospitals within 6 months, and 17 (53%) exposed more than 50% within 12 months. Hospitals shared 1 or more patient with a median of 28 other hospitals. When we evaluated patients with C. difficile infection, 25% were readmitted within 12 weeks; 41% were readmitted to different hospitals, and less than 30% of these readmissions were direct transfers.
In a large metropolitan county, interhospital patient sharing was a potential avenue for transmission of infectious agents. Indirect sharing with an intervening stay at home or elsewhere composed the bulk of potential exposures and occurred unbeknownst to hospitals.
Multiphoton Flow Cytometry to Assess Intrinsic and Extrinsic Fluorescence in Cellular Aggregates: Applications to Stem Cells
David G. Buschke, Jayne M. Squirrell, Hidayath Ansari, Michael A. Smith, Curtis T. Rueden, Justin C. Williams, Gary E. Lyons, Timothy J. Kamp, Kevin W. Eliceiri, Brenda M. Ogle
Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 17 / Issue 4 / August 2011
Detection and tracking of stem cell state are difficult due to insufficient means for rapidly screening cell state in a noninvasive manner. This challenge is compounded when stem cells are cultured in aggregates or three-dimensional (3D) constructs because living cells in this form are difficult to analyze without disrupting cellular contacts. Multiphoton laser scanning microscopy is uniquely suited to analyze 3D structures due to the broad tunability of excitation sources, deep sectioning capacity, and minimal phototoxicity but is throughput limited. A novel multiphoton fluorescence excitation flow cytometry (MPFC) instrument could be used to accurately probe cells in the interior of multicell aggregates or tissue constructs in an enhanced-throughput manner and measure corresponding fluorescent properties. By exciting endogenous fluorophores as intrinsic biomarkers or exciting extrinsic reporter molecules, the properties of cells in aggregates can be understood while the viable cellular aggregates are maintained. Here we introduce a first generation MPFC system and show appropriate speed and accuracy of image capture and measured fluorescence intensity, including intrinsic fluorescence intensity. Thus, this novel instrument enables rapid characterization of stem cells and corresponding aggregates in a noninvasive manner and could dramatically transform how stem cells are studied in the laboratory and utilized in the clinic.
Effect of the Increasing Use of Piperacillin/Tazobactam on the Incidence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Four Academic Medical Centers
Usha Stiefel, David L. Paterson, Nicole J. Pultz, Steven M. Gordon, David C. Aron, Curtis J. Donskey
The substitution of piperacillin/tazobactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, or both for third-generation cephalosporins has been associated with reduced vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). However, piperacillin/tazobactam came into widespread use during a period in which the prevalence of VRE increased. We hypothesized that the increasing use of piperacillin/tazobactam and other agents with relatively enhanced anti-enterococcal activity (ie, piperacillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and ampicillin) has been associated with increased or unchanged rates of VRE in some hospitals.
We retrospectively evaluated the correlation between hospital antibiotic use (defined daily doses per 10,000 patient-days of care) and incidence of stool or non-stool VRE isolation. We assessed whether a high or increasing proportion of use of beta-lactam agents with relatively enhanced versus minimal (ie, third-generation cephalosporins and ticarcillin/clavulanate) anti-enterococcal activity would prevent increased VRE.
Four academic medical centers.
With the increasing use of piperacillin/tazobactam, the use of beta-lactam agents with enhanced activity against enterococci surpassed the combined use of third-generation cephalosporins and ticarcillin/clavulanate in each hospital. In one hospital, the incidence of VRE was positively correlated with the use of piperacillin/tazobactam or beta-lactam agents with enhanced anti-enterococcal activity (P< .0001). The incidence of VRE rose steadily in another hospital despite relatively high use of beta-lactam agents with enhanced versus minimal anti-enterococcal activity. A negative correlation between VRE and piperacillin/tazobactam or beta-lactam agents with enhanced anti-enterococcal activity was observed in one hospital, but this correlation was not statistically significant.
Increasing the hospital use of piperacillin/tazobactam and other beta-lactams with relatively enhanced anti-enterococcal activity may not be an effective control measure for VRE.
Acquisition of Nosocomial Pathogens on Hands After Contact With Environmental Surfaces Near Hospitalized Patients
Anita Bhalla, Nicole J. Pultz, Delores M. Gries, Amy J. Ray, Elizabeth C. Eckstein, David C. Aron, Curtis J. Donskey
Journal: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 25 / Issue 2 / February 2004
Print publication: February 2004
We examined the frequency of acquisition of bacterial pathogens on investigators' hands after contacting environmental surfaces near hospitalized patients. Hand imprint cultures were positive for one or more pathogens after contacting surfaces near 34 (53%) of 64 study patients, with Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus being the most common isolates.
Effects of Φ-Stacking on the Absorption and Emission of Light by Conjugated Polymers and Oligomers
M. David Curtis, Amy Koren, Jeff W. Kampf
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2011, BB10.8
We have determined the crystal structures of regioregular HH-TT oligomers with a variety of side chains, including hydroxy-bearing side chains capable of H-bonding. The H-bonding orders the molecular packing into infinite 2-D sheets of Φ-stacks. In these H-bonded sheets, the Φ-stacks are insulated from each other by the aliphatic side chains and form one-dimensional "wires". In contrast, the structures of similar oligomers that do not have H-bonded side-chains feature a structure in which neighboring Φ-stacks in are in contact ("shorted wires"). The effects of these differing molecular arrangements on the spectral properties and exciton splitting are discussed.
The Agreement of Poly-5,5'-(4,4'-Dinonyl-2,2'Bithiazole) Spectral Signatures to those of Corresponding Oligomers
Wendy M. Blanda, Anthony H. Francis, M. David Curtis
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2011, BB11.58
Study of the electronic spectra of conjugated oligomers can provide a useful approach to obtain an analysis of the often complicated spectra of their corresponding polymers. One advantage of studying oligomers is that there is often a well defined conformational morphology and one may eliminate or reduce the spectral consequences of a distribution of conjugation lengths. In the present work, electronic spectra of some oligomers of poly-5,5'-(4,4'-dinonyl-2,2'bithiazole) were studied, both in solution and in the solid state, and the results compared with spectra of the polymer. For solution data, the plot of molar extinction coefficient vs. the number of double bonds is found to be linear, as is the Kuhn plot. This is consistent with quantum-chemical molecular modeling calculations, and closely resembles the behavior of other conjugated oligomers, such as polythiophenes and polyenes. However, the solid state spectra exhibit a large red shift in both absorption and emission. These and other results suggest the presence of strong intermolecular interactions in the solid state that significantly modify the magnitude of the homo-lumo gap of the oligothiazoles and their polymers. By comparing oligothiazoles in solution to thin film results, polymer behavior is explored.
π-Stacking in Conjugated Polymers and Oligomers: A Structural and Spectroscopic Study
M. David Curtis, Wendy Blanda, Jeffrey K. Politis, Anthony H. Francis, Jihoon Lee, Jeff W. Kampf, Lebzylisbeth Gonzalez-Ronda, David C. Martin
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 February 2011, 285
Regioregular, alkyl-substituted poly(heteroaromatics) tend to crystallize in π-stacked structures as opposed to the herringbone pattern characteristic of non-substituted, planar aromatic molecules, e.g. sexithiophene. π-Stacking, favored by the crystallization of the sidechains, induces planarity in the conjugated backbone. The increased planarity causes a large (50-100 nm) shift in λmax (abs.) compared to the solution phase in which the backbone is twisted out of coplanarity, π-Stacking is a form of ground state aggregation that causes "fine structure" on the absorption peak. Excitation into the aggregate states rapidly leads to the formation of excimers as shown by the excitation spectra. In -stacked polymers, photoluminescence is almost entirely from the excimer states.
Investigation by Linkage Analysis of the XY Pseudoautosomal Region in the Genetic Susceptibility to Schizophrenia
Gursharan Kalsi, David Curtis, Jon Brynjolfsson, Robert Butler, Tonmoy Sharma, Patrice Murphy, Tim Read, Hannes Petursson, Hugh M. D. Gurling
A susceptibility locus for schizophrenia in the pseudoautosomal region has been proposed on the basis of a possible excess of sex chromosome aneuploidies among patients with schizophrenia and an increased sex concordance in affected sib pairs. Several studies investigating this hypothesis have produced conflicting evidence.
In a series of Icelandic and British families, we used lod score and sib pair linkage analyses with markers for the MIC2 and DXYS14 loci on the pseudoautosomal XY region.
Lod and sib pair linkage analysis with these markers produced strongly negative scores. Heterogeneity testing also produced negative results.
We conclude that the present study provides no support for the involvement of either the pseudoautosomal region or the nearby region of the sex chromosomes in the aetiology of schizophrenia.
Autosomal Dominant Gene Transmission in a Large Kindred with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
David Curtis, Mary M. Robertson, Hugh M. D. Gurling
Journal: The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 160 / Issue 6 / June 1992
A multiplex kindred ascertained through a single proband with GTS has been systematically investigated with standardised diagnostic instruments for other cases of GTS and related disorders. Complex segregation analysis supported the hypothesis that a single major gene inherited in autosomal dominant fashion but with incomplete penetrance contributed most of the variance in the liability to develop GTS and related disorders. This result is consistent with previous segregation analyses which have employed different methods of ascertainment, and tends to confirm that a proportion of GTS is due to a dominant gene and is suitable for investigation with genetic markers for linkage analysis.
The role of the satellite clinic in reaching intravenous drug users at risk from HIV
Rosie M. Coleman, David Curtis, Margaret Sharpe
Journal: Psychiatric Bulletin / Volume 13 / Issue 4 / April 1989
The arrival of HIV has challenged the traditional services for intravenous drug users providing the impetus to re-examine working practices. Only 10% of intravenous drug users attend hospital based treatment centres offering out-patient programmes based on reducing doses of oral methadone with an ultimate goal of abstinence (Hartnoll et al, 1985), yet for public health programmes designed to limit the spread of HIV it is important to increase the contact between high-risk groups and health professionals. Satellite clinics originally introduced to provide low cost help for drug users at a more local level may also be effective as a means of reaching intravenous drug users at high risk of HIV who would otherwise not be exposed to treatment and health education. Strang has described how a satellite clinic may be established with few resources, with staff who can be supervised by more senior workers at a central site (Strang & Creed, 1985). In this study the client groups of a satellite clinic and a conventional drug dependency unit were compared in order to characterise the clientele of the satellite clinic and to discover whether it was indeed fulfilling a useful role in terms of attracting such high-risk individuals for treatment.


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"Que mon cœur lâche" is a 1992 song recorded by the French singer-songwriter Mylène Farmer. The single was released on 23 November 1992 to promote Farmer's compilation album Dance Remixes. Farmer also recorded an English-language version of the track, entitled "My Soul Is Slashed" which was released in May 1993. Originally recorded as a charity single, the song deals with AIDS and caused some controversy as lyrics seem to encourage the rejection of condoms. Produced as a short film, the music video was directed by the French film director Luc Besson, and features Farmer as an angel sent to Earth by God. The song reached the top ten in France and Belgium.

Background and writing

French version
In 1992, the pop singer Étienne Daho contacted several popular French recording artists to request their participation in the recording of a double album whose profits were to be donated to the research against AIDS. Farmer, who had until then not participated in charitable causes, accepted. She and her writing partner Laurent Boutonnat composed "Que mon cœur lâche". However the song was rejected as the lyrics were considered to be too ambiguous, seeming to advocate sexual intercourse without condoms. As a result, instead of using "Que mon cœur lâche" for the charity album, Farmer re-recorded her 1988 song "Dernier sourire" (which dealt with the death of a sick person) in an acoustic style. This track was used for the compilation album Urgence – 27 artistes pour la recherche contre le SIDA.

At the same time, Farmer and Boutonnat decided to release their first compilation album composed of Remixes, Dance Remixes, in December 1992. To promote the album, the song "Que mon cœur lâche" was released as a single, which started airing on radio on 5 November 1992, although it aired for the first time four days before on M40, and released on 16 November. The single cover used a photograph by Marianne Rosenthiel, originally made for the previous single "Beyond My Control", in which Farmer trains in a gym. Unlike most of Farmer's singles, there was no CD maxi for this single.

English version
Farmer also recorded an English version of the song, entitled "My Soul Is Slashed" (the English title is not a direct translation of the French version, the title of which roughly translates to "My Heart Gives Up"). This was the second time that Farmer had recorded one of her singles in a foreign language (the first one being "My Mum Is Wrong" in 1984, the English version of "Maman a tort"). Mainly edited for Germany and the US, the song was translated by Ira Israel in collaboration with Mylène Farmer. In an interview, Ira Israel said that it was especially difficult to write the lyrics of "My Soul Is Slashed" as Farmer was insistent that the song had to convey the right wording, rhythm, meaning, and feeling of the original, rather than being a direct and literal translation. Farmer disliked the first text he had composed and, as a result, they worked together on the English lyrics.

The cover of "My Soul is Slashed" is similar to that of the French version, but with a black background. The English version of the song has never been performed on television or at Farmer's concerts, and is only available on the European version of the compilation Dance Remixes and on the long-box version of Farmer's 2001 greatest hits package Les Mots. Despite hopes that it would establish Farmer in the UK and the US, the English version was commercially unsuccessful.

Lyrics and music

"Que mon cœur lâche" deals with the themes of AIDS and condoms. The text is very committed and is similar to that of "Sid'amour à mort" written by Barbara. Contrary to what some people thought, Farmer's text does not recommend against using condoms, but is simply an observation on this subject, on the complications that it entails. In an interview, the singer said: "I tried not to make any commitment. Should we save or not save a condom? It seems to me obviously need to save, but it is not the message I wanted to convey in the song. There is no message elsewhere in the song, simply an observation on love today. Love perverted by the threat of the disease, by the issue of condoms, which arose at the outset that we feel an impetus to another person. Clearly, I say that everyone should take responsibility toward the disease. Everybody is indeed faced with this reality, and I find it sad. Using a condom is not something loose. In the current situation, an appropriate course to guard against the disease seems to go without saying".

Music video

Production
For the first time in Farmer's singing career, Laurent Boutonnat did not direct the song's video, as he was busy working on his feature film Giorgino. Thus, with Boutonnat's agreement, French film director, writer and producer Luc Besson shot the video (Farmer had previously been an extra in his 1983 film Le Dernier Combat). The video, which lasts 6:44, was filmed over four days at the studios of Arpajon, France, with a budget of around 100,000 euros. The white garment worn by Farmer was made by Azzedine Alaia and the black one by Jean-Paul Gaultier.

There are three versions of the video : a first version with French subtitles, featured on Farmer's VHS and DVD, a second version with no subtitles and no title at the beginning, and a third version for "My Soul Is Slashed", similar to that of "Que mon cœur lâche". Before the song begins in the video, dialogue between Farmer and the two people who respectively portray God and Jesus, are in English language. The video also briefly features a Michael Jackson impersonator. The final scene in which Farmer blows a bubble with her chewing gum refers to a similar scene in Besson's film La Femme Nikita. The video was broadcast for the first time on M6, on 12 December 1992.

Plot
At the beginning of the video, an old man dressed with a fancy suit – God, in Paradise – reads a newspaper with disgust, saying "Jesus Christ", which prompts the appearance of Christ, although God replies that "it's just an expression they have down there". Thinking that humans have damaged love, he decides to send his best angel to Earth to hold an investigation. Farmer, the chosen angel, appears. She's dressed in white as a ballerina. Initially she does not hear what God tells her because she is listening to music on a walkman (the song being played is actually the 'extended dance remix' version of "Que mon cœur lâche"). Once she's on Earth, the song begins. Blowing a black feather from her wrist she discovers three pairs of lovers : one couple who are quarrelling, the second one very modest and the third one very libertine. She goes near the entrance of a nightclub called 'Q', guarded by a large man. Two men, an older one and a younger one, are not allowed to go into this discothèque and get slapped in the face; the angel offers them to breathe in an oxygen ball. In between, a muscular young man in panties appears and begins to dance. Michael Jackson appears, briefly performing some of his signature dance moves, only to be crushed when a huge cross falls from the sky, accidentally dropped by Jesus. The angel is quite intrigued by the nightclub, so she dresses up in black clothes, blows a white feather from her wrist and enters into the discothèque. There, she sees people with ambiguous sexuality who are walking in a corridor made of white curtains. A topless woman makes her breathe from an oxygen mask, the angel's heart beats faster and faster and eventually explodes. After that, the angel, now very sexily dressed, comes back to Paradise and pops a bubble of gum in front of God.

Inspiration and interpretation

Instant-Mag said the video was inspired by Federico Fellini and Mel Brooks' works, and especially by David Lynch's movie Blue Velvet. Indeed, as in this film, the video alternates between imaginary elements and real situations, while the use of an oxygen mask is a direct callback. It symbolizes the fact that "every person is looking for his drunkenness which can lead to extreme erotic games". It is an allegory of what fuels desire. The club named 'Q' in the video may be a reference both to the novel Steppenwolf, written by Hermann Hesse, but also to the bar "One-Eyed Jack" in Twin Peaks, in which the heroine Laura Palmer has lost her innocence being fascinated by this bar where fantasies can be satisfied. The message of this video is that, "behind the appearance of propriety is bursting the world of fantasies and its attractiveness".

This video is also very critical of religions : God is presented as a very austere businessman. Moreover, according to some analyses, the video explains that to give free rein to sexual fantasies, it necessary to transgress social and religious norms (respectively represented by the bouncer and God). As for the white curtains within the nightclub, they would be a symbol of the hymen or condoms. This video is very different from previous ones of Farmer, as it is much more humorous and ironic, especially when Jesus asks God: "Father, why don't you send me on Earth?" and the latter replied: "The last time, it was a disaster". Farmer said that these dialogues were as a "smile", a "fickleness" she had not displayed in her former videos.

Promotion and live performances
Farmer performed the song in two French television shows : in Stars 90 (TF1) on 11 January 1993, and in World Music Awards (TMC) on 13 May 1993; on that occasion she received the award for the French-speaking artist who sold the most records in 1992. For these performances, the singer wore a white bathrobe and performed a choreographied dance with two female dancers.

"Que mon cœur lâche" was sung in a rock version during the 1996 tour and was thus included on the live album and VHS/DVD Live à Bercy. The song was accompanied by a sexy choreography in which Farmer is dancing around a vertical iron bar and was surrounded by muscular male dancers in Plexiglas bubbles with bare buttocks. The song was also performed during the Mylenium Tour in 2000, but only in the shows in Russia.

Chart performances
In France, the single debuted at number 14 on 5 December 1992 and reached number 9 four weeks later. The song stayed a total of 17 weeks in the top 50, 12 of them in the top 20. In Belgium (Wallonia), the single entered the chart at number 25, peaked at number eight for two consecutive weeks and remained for nine weeks in the top 30.

Formats and track listings
These are the formats and track listings of single releases of "Que mon cœur lâche" and "My Soul Is Slashed":

 "Que mon cœur lâche"
 7" single / 7" single – Limited edition (200) / CD single – Black CD / CD single – White CD / Cassette

 7" maxi

 Digital download

 CD single – Promo – Crucifix

 "My Soul Is Slashed"
 CD single – Germany

 CD maxi – Germany

 CD single – Promo – France

Release history

Official versions

Credits and personnel
These are the credits and the personnel as they appear on the back of the single:
 Mylène Farmer – lyrics
 Laurent Boutonnat – music
 Bertrand Le Page and Toutankhamon – editions
 Polydor – recording company
 Marianne Rosensthiel – photo

Charts and sales

References

Notes

External links
  Mylène Farmer - "Que mon cœur lâche" All about the song, on Mylene.net

1992 singles
1993 singles
Mylène Farmer songs
Songs with lyrics by Mylène Farmer
Songs with music by Laurent Boutonnat
1992 songs
Polydor Records singles
Music videos directed by Luc Besson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Discussion in 'Growing Marijuana Indoors' started by PS2_MAN, Sep 8, 2002.
MH is so much less productive that there is really no compairing the two.
if u have two setups next to eachother...u will see a HUGE difference. MH should be only used as an extra light source for lumes or maybe red's in a florescent situation.
HPS is unsurpassed for all types of indoor growing.
I assume you are confusing the two? MH gives off a supplemental red light? I thought it was higher in the blue spec. than that of a red, and HPS is highest in red. so why would one use a MH for reds while growing with flouros?
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1963 Mercury Monterey, excellent condition, 390 high-compression V8, 4-bl carb.
Price: - Item location: Missouri City, Texas, United States
Model: Monterey
Trim: Body Style 65A, Trim 94
VIN: 3Z53Z506750
Engine size: 390 high-compression V8 with 4-barrel carburetor
Power options: Power Steering, Power Brakes, Air Conditioning, Power Windows
1963 Mercury Monterey Body Style 65A, Trim 94
Up for sale is a 1963 Mercury Monterey (Body Style 65A, Trim 94), with 79,523 original miles, used and in excellent condition! The car has a high-compression 390 cubic-inch V8 engine with a 4-barrel carburetor. The paint, chrome, upholstery, and radio are all original, and all in excellent condition. This car has had only two owners, and both have kept the car garaged.
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Air conditioner was recharged - the fan blows hard, and the system cools the cabin to 54 degrees F.
All spark plugs were replaced.
All four wheel brake cylinders were replaced.
A new master brake cylinder was installed.
The car starts and runs great, and interested bidders are welcome to view the car, as well as take it for a test drive, at the car's location in Missouri City, southwest of Houston, Texas.
More details about this particularvehicle: This car has only had two owners. The original owner took excellent care of the car, keeping it always garaged. The present owner purchased the vehicle in 2012, when he was 85 years old, after becoming nostalgic for a Monterey he owned in the 1970s! The car was well-cared for in the last eight years, being kept always garaged, and used only as a show car, or at special events. As the present owner is now about to turn 93 years old, and does not drive any longer, he is interested in selling the car to a new owner who will drive and enjoy it.
More details about the Mercury Monterey in general:The original concept for the Mercury Monterey was designed by Packard, under the name "The Predictor." When Packard disappeared, many of its engineers were hired by Ford. Some of those engineers successfully convinced Ford management to manufacture the "Predictor"; Ford agreed, and assigned it to the Mercury Division, under the name "Monterey."
The Monterey was known for its large, powerful 390 cubic-inch V8 engine (in fact, many police departments of the day used Montereys as police cars!), and for its unique, backward-slanting rear window, which lowers by electric motor into a special protected area within the trunk. This feature in particular earned the Monterey the nickname the "Breezeway," since with the side windows and rear window all down, this hard-top vehicle became practically a convertible! (As a result of the slant rear-window feature, the car also has an exceptionally large trunk!)
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Important Note:This car is in excellent shape, for a 1963 vehicle with 79,523 original miles. Please note that ANY vehicle with almost 100,000 miles, especially one that is 57 years old, may have issues and/or require special care. Interested buyers are welcome to view this vehicle in-person, and also to take it for a test drive. Please note that this vehicle is offered AS-IS, WHERE-IS, with no warranties or guarantees of any kind, expressed or implied. Please ask any questions, if you have any at all, before bidding. All sales are final as per eBay rules and policies. A $500 non-refundable deposit it required within 24 hours of auction close, and full payment is required within seven (7) days. Buyer is responsible for arranging pick-up or shipping from the seller's location southwest of Houston, Texas. Clear Texas Title will be signed over to the buyer at the time of sale. The vehicle's license plates will be removed prior to buyer pick-up.
1955 MERCURY MONTEREY SDN SAME OWNER SINCE 1959 IN EXCELLENT ORIGINAL CONDITION
Classic 1963 Ford Mercury Monterey. Very good condition
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Most Christians take for granted that the creator of the universe and the God of Israel are one and the same being. The one who made the heavens and the earth is the one who called Abraham. The one who brought Israel out of Egypt is the one who made man and woman in his own image. Not much debate here, at least within the hermeneutical circle of the Christian community.
But there is a subtle difference of approaching this equation that can have far reaching consequences. The question can be put this way: Is the Creator of the Universe the God of Israel, or is the God of Israel the Creator of the Universe? In other words, which is given priority: the universality of the divine creator or the particularity of the divine covenant? Let's take a look at each view in turn.
The point here is that we all know something about the creator of the universe. There is a general human common ground here. Christians come along and say, "Hey, that thing you call 'God,' or 'The Ultimate,' or 'The Supreme Being' happens to be the God who linked himself up with the history of Israel culminating in Jesus Christ."
The advantage to this way of speaking is that the universal scope of God's reign is emphasized. Also, a point of contact is established between people's assumptions about divinity and their fulfillment in Scriptural revelation. The disadvantage is that the particular history of Israel can be construed as a mere "illustration" of what is already true between God and the world, rendering it superfluous. Also, the unique claims of Christ are harder to hold up when the universality of God is already assumed.
The point here is that if there is a specific revelation of God we should start there, before moving on to the larger implications of who God is in relation to the world. God has chosen to focus his dealings with creation and humanity on the one little nation of Israel. Through this nation he desires to bless all the nations of the world. But this particular history always remains in the foreground, even as God opens up his covenant to the Gentiles.
Is the Creator of the Universe the God of Israel?
Or is the God of Israel the Creator of the Universe?
In what ways does this distinction play itself out practically?
For instance, do you communicate the Gospel differently in each case?Is there something missing from this discussion?
Is there a way to use both of these approaches?
The God of Israel is the Creator of the Universe. The fact that Christ focused so much on the individual relationship.
The Samaratan Woman, Zachecios, and Paul for examples. Then the whole thing about God numbering the hairs on our heads and knowing about the sparrows in the field.
While God obviously is big enough to create everything with one word. His desire that all be saved is amazing.
I like to always think both when I can. Sorry Bud Bence who always wants us to fall off the log.
But I think I should qualify my both by actually saying "It depends." I think to those of us already swept up into the particularity of God's story in the world it must be that the God of Istrael is the Creator of the Universe. For us that is what is true. The particularity of who God is finds itself in the pages of history with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob etc.
But, those who have never been swept up into the history of God's story in the world yet (as we know it to be...) MUST find the Creator of the Universe. They may never find the God of Israel until that surprising day when they are invited to rest and they say "Lord?"
In other words, to me as I write off the cuff with whatever seems best at the moment, the guy on the desert island and the unreached tribal warrior all find God as the universal creator. Eternity has been written in their hearts, and they might act as a law to themselves.
But to those who have turned the pages of scripture, heard the scandalous story of the cross, and encountered this "good news" that smells like death at first, they MUST find the God of Israel if they are to find God at all.
At least...that's how I think right now.
If that's true...big missiological implications I think. Find the "divine markers" of God in the universal first, then bring in the particular.
well, the Bible seems to think the place to start is God the Creator of the Universe. Am I wrong? The Canon doesn't start with the God of Israel... etc.
I think Creator is the greater emphasis, however they CANNOT be separated.
It is a tricky question, like: "which of the Trinity is the most important?"
How can you answer it without being right and wrong simultaneously? :) Kind of like the Trinity can;t be separated, neither can Creator and God of Israel. God IS love, not just loving. God IS truth, not just truthful. God IS the Creator and the God of Israel.
Excellent question and framing of the debate. These "discusison starters" are so good... I've never really thought of this question so it's helping me gain a "fuller" theology, if not a tighter one.
On this particular question I would lean to the particularist side (no pun intended). However, I wonder if there is a third or even a fourth option that is more "descriptive" of "what actually happens" in one's theology.
#3: We start by believing in the Creator God and then we move to believe in the God of Israel. This is a nuance on the prior, because it's saying: "The Creator of the Universe was the God of Israel All Along." I think this "transition" has been the fundamental "modern apologetics" problem, as you implied in your post. Modern apologetics has started often with proofs of the Creator God's existence and then has struggled with trying to connect those dots with the God of Israel and special revelation of Scripture and Jesus.
#4 Others start believing in the God of Israel in a more traditional sense (it "rubs off on them" because they grow up in the church.) Over time they go through a transition in which they move beyond believing in the God if Israel simply because their Church and/or parents do, and begin to come to a realization that this specific God-talk has to do with he Creator God. So, they believer that "The God of Israel I've heard of is the Supreme Being Creator of the Universe" and you might say that their belief system simply expands--instead of truly changing.
Do you lean to one side or the other?
Is there some sort of Thomistic resolution to these disputations?
Who are we to separate who God is in one particular over another? Just as Jesus was fully God and fully man. God is fully the Creator of the Universe and fully the God of Israel. I guess I'm in line with Dave Ward in my thinking.
Happy belated birthday btw John!!
2) I would also prefer this for missiological reasons. Emphasizing the universality of God reminds us of God's ultimate mission -- redemption not merely of Israel, but of all of Creation. Israel is the instrument.
As usual, great theological questions for us to ponder, however, I do not think that one of two are wrong, however, missiologically I believe that "the God of Israel is the Creator", poses a greater problem when trying to communicate who God is and all that He encompasses. As you stated, this view 'is' harder to bridge across cultural boundaries. When facing issues of Social Justice, Religions within Western and Eastern Religions societies, along with cultural norms and practices, missiologically, "the Creator of the Universe is the God of Israel", provides avenues to insert their Story into the One that Created the Universe, while expressing His Love and Power through His People (Israel). Yet, as always, in practice, this is easier said and done.
Side Note: I agree with your dad…all who read your posts should receive some type of graduate credit :) …have a restful thanksgiving!
Great discussion everyone! It seems that there is a thematic thread running through this discussion that the universal and particular relate like an hour glass: we move from universal through particular back to universal again. I think this may be the image that recognizes the emphases of both statements as well as takes into account most of the concerned voiced here. Thanks for a great discussion -- very stimulating.
PS - Mandy asked for my answer, and I would contend that for the sake of Christ's uniqueness I would lean towards emphasizing the God of Israel as the identifer of Jesus, though certainly without every losing the universal aspect. The missiological problematic should be dealt with in terms of the particular God to whom we witness, and in our missionary zeal we should not be tempted to move upstream to adjust the doctrine of God in light of our ministry. Certainly this God has called us to this ministry, so they must go together even if it takes a little work to think it through.