Wouldn't it be nice to know with 100% assurance that you had picked the right Online Marketing Agency?
Australian Internet Advertising, based in Sydney, comes highly recommended over other marketing agencies by a large number of local businesses. With our countless number of online marketing case studies and detailed outline of analytical proof, our digital marketing agency can offer you the kind of assurance you deserve.
We get businesses exactly like yours more customers using social media and Google's search engine. However unlike other agencies in Sydney we use a marketing strategy that is refined and distilled over years of experience and managing millions in ad spend.
The set and forget mentality of paid search will no longer cut the mustard. SEO organic search has become too complicated for an overseas online marketing agency being paid peanuts to figure out. If you're a business owner that's going to grow your business hit your targets you need a local and experience digital marketer.
Over the last 2 years there has been a increased focus on responsive websites. This is due to the overwhelming popularity of online search on mobile devices including tablets of all different shapes and sizes.
As you may have found out already, having a mobile responsive website alone will not open he floodgates for hot and ready to buy leads. Having purpose built landing pages within your site, displaying credibility, social proof and a clearly defined call to action is the first step to unlocking the conversion rate you're going to need.
The next step in getting qualified traffic to your site. This can be done through a number of means, however having a marketing manager working for you that has a comprehensive understanding on SEO, Paid Search and Social Media is an absolute must.
Search Engine Optimisation takes time. Pay Per Click campaigns (yes this means Ad words) as well as social media have solutions that will get you immediate results.
Our Online Marketing experts will do it for you.
SEO (Search Engine Optimisation) yields huge results when done right and can offer you a lasting return on your investment. The content creation , internal linking and site speed is all work that will has to be performed by a specialist. If your website is built with Word Press or another open source content management system then there will be no web development problems in achieving lightning fast load speeds and.
Building back links to increase your websites domain authority is also essential. This is a process of content marketing, creating unique and high quality content to post on other relevant and high ranking sites with a hyperlink that points back to your site.
Google sees this as a sort of recommendation and will reward your websites growing popularity with rankings, and more importantly, juicy traffic.
SEO is not something that you can expect to see results from overnight. The reports you will receive from us are detailed enough for you to see exactly what steps were taken to improve your rankings, along with a report showing you the increase in traffic and rankings for the month.
You're Google Analytics account will explain the extra sales your receiving by tracking the conversions back to keywords and user behaviour.
There are 3 key search marketing steps that, when not taken, will cost you a lot of money on wasted, overpriced clicks.
1. You must be aggressive with your bidding. If your consistently maintaining the top ad position you are missing out on about 50% of the traffic you could be gaining from your budget. Setting your bid and leaving it is the number 1 culprit of unsatisfactory results.
If you found this information useful and believe that your business could benefit from a full service, professionally managed online marketing campaign, don't hesitate to contact me directly and I'll be happy to spend 30 minutes with you, obligation free to discuss your unique position and offer my suggestions.
2. The landing page you are sending your traffic to is crucial. The message in the text on your ad and the content and call to action on your landing page must be congruent. The landing page also must have a very clear objective with supporting calls to action.
3. Click fraud costs advertisers over 11 billion every year. Having 3rd party software to catch and block any competitors and other pesky budget wasters will increase your conversion rates by about 20%.


Choosing your ISIA training course is a big decision. We believe that our BASI Level 3 ISIA training in Courchevel gives you a complete training package for going on to take your BASI Level 3 Ski Instructor exams. The course is run from the home of our ski school, Courchevel, and puts students in the perfect environment not just to pass their Level 3 exams but to take their career to the next level. The New Generation BASI Level 3 ISIA training in Courchevel runs from January to March, with a break over half-term. The focus is all on preparing for the March exams in Courchevel or the end of season exams on the Hintertux Glacier.
The Three Valley's is world famous and rightly so, nothing we can say will do this place justice. From World Cup standard Pistes to mogul fields, glacial skiing, epic tree lines, steep couloirs and wide open powder faces there is something for everyone. The only way to truly know this place is to spend a season there and even then you will not ski it all. The massive variety of terrain makes this the perfect place to sit your BASI ski instructor training. You have perfect pistes for practicing and demonstrating the exam criteria right next to powder fields and tree runs where you can let your hair down.
Of course it's not all about the skiing. There is a reason the rich and famous flock to Courchevel and the resorts of Le Praz and La Tania are full of lively seasonnaire parties, hosting regular band nights and showing live sports. Plus you can easily pop over to sample the nightlife in nearby Meribel.
The village of Le Praz is one of the more reasonably priced parts of Courchevel, and you are looking at between €2500 and €4000 for a shared room. For your own room you are looking at €5000+ (€5000 would be a lucky find!).
If you are happy to live further down the mountain in Bozel then you will find that you get a lot more for your money. There is a bus that runs from 7am till 8pm so a car would not be essential but you may feel a bit stranded with out one.
There are small supermarkets in town, but it is advantageous to have a car, or a friend with a car as most people will want to shop in Moutiers and the bus only goes down there twice a day (during ski time!).
The courses breaks during the peak periods of February half term and the Easter weeks. You are more than welcome to plan your work independently but we have several partner ski schools who look to us to provide them with staff during this period which makes your life slightly easier. The majority of these partners are big international ski schools that will give you really valuable work experience.
If our Courchevel BASI level 3 ski instructor courses are not right for you, then not worry, we have others available in Verbier and a work and train option in St Anton.


text:
Delaware Business Now
Home Delaware Amazon seeking $4.5 million from state for distribution center
Amazon seeking $4.5 million from state for distribution center
Amazon plans to seek $4.5 million from the Delaware Strategic Fund for a fulfillment center.
An agenda item from the Delaware Council on Development Finance contained the request from Amazon and listed Wilmington as the location. The council will hold a meeting on Monday.
The Strategic Fund ties assistance from the state to the number of jobs created by the employer. Payback comes from additional income tax revenues.
The council passes its recommendations on to the state's director of Small Business.
The Philadelphia Inquirer reported the request is related to a proposed distribution center at the former GM Boxwood plant west of Wilmington.
Plans submitted to New Castle County in November called for a multi-story distribution center to be built on a portion of the former auto assembly plant site.
The identity of the occupant of the space was not disclosed, although it was widely believed that Amazon was the tenant.
The distribution center would be the third in New Castle County for Amazon, which sites in New Castle and Middletown. Amazon also has a distribution center in Perryville, MD, west of the Delaware line.
One of Amazon's earliest distribution centers was located in New Castle. At the time, the company was mainly selling books online.
Trending: Boxwood developer submits plan for five-story logistics complex
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Posts labeled Special to Delaware Business Now are typically submitted items that are updated and sometimes rewritten in news style. Background information is sometimes added.
Delaware Electric Co-op to buy power from 7 new solar farms
Wilmington Courtyard on the auction block
By Doug Rainey
Freshened version of marijuana legalization bill introduced
How to market your products internationally through Amazon
2022 Lyons-UD Economic Forecast
February 21 @ 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm
Delaware State Chamber Annual Dinner
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For me it was a perfect match. Inbay knew exactly what we were dealing with and they were deeply knowledgeable about the RMM system we were using.
Inbay has been accommodating, flexible and very supportive.
Inbay understands what makes a business profitable and have great customer service at the heart of their offering.
We understand first-hand the challenges you face. Starting as an IT support provider in 2002 before transitioning to MSP, we now focus purely on supporting MSPs.
You can add or remove users and devices at any time, mix and match across your client base or start with one client or device type and build up incrementally.
We help you to control the cost of service delivery. You benefit from our economies of scale to grow at a predictable cost without capital investment.
Our technicians have gained the industry-standard certifications you would expect and are there to support you and your clients 24/7, every day of the year.
Our dedicated onboarding team will help to get your clients up and running on our system quickly and seamlessly, keeping you informed along the way.
We have ISO 27001:2013 certification. We regularly act as a Business Associate for HIPAA compliance purposes. We continually monitor compliance requirements, including GDPR and Privacy Shield.
We help to get your clients up and running on our system quickly and seamlessly, keeping you informed along the way.


I'm so excited for another great year in the Media Center! This is my 3rd year as the Librarian and my 5th year at MAC. I love interacting with all of the students, seeing them excited to read, and hearing all about what they're reading and learning (and a few other things, too :) This year I will visit Pre-K once a week again for story time (they love this!). Kindergarten through third grade students will come with their class once a week to check books in and out, and then I usually read aloud to them. Fourth, fifth and sixth grade will also come with their class once a week but only to exchange books. I'm also available every day before school from 7:45 - 8:10.
We have a book fair twice a year; one in the Fall and one in the Spring. If you'd like to help please make sure you are an approved volunteer, and email me at erinbest@mckeelschools.com to let me know. Any help would be much appreciated!
Mrs. Best doesn't have any important files for you.


Greenport Airport Car Service operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, no matter what the weather conditions are outside.
Our staff is always available and they are the very best in the business with Reasonable prices.
[ ISP ] Mac Arthur – [ JFK ] John F Kennedy Airport -[ EWR ] Newark Airport-[ LGA ] LaGuardia Airport..
Just tell us what services you need and we will arrange it for you.
We will be there for you. Offering the best quality car service for Our Client..always VIP For us.


Execute projects based on Microsoft Cloud technologies.
Travel all over India to deliver assignments.
Create and deliver presentations and technical demonstrations to India's top IT companies.
Setting up lab environments to demonstrate product capabilities.
Compiling technical material for different audience.
Must have good command of written and spoken English with good vocabulary and pronunciation.
Technofocus Solutions is a young startup company headed by a senior ex-Microsoft employee. We are into consulting, deployment .


Below is a listing of all the public mailing lists on lists.opengeospatial.org. Click on a list name to get more information about the list, or to subscribe, unsubscribe, and change the preferences on your subscription. To visit the general information page for an unadvertised list, open a URL similar to this one, but with a '/' and the list name appended.
If you are having trouble using the lists, please contact mailman@lists.opengeospatial.org.
AIP_Access Public: Access Services Working Group of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
AIP_Agriculture Public: List for the discussions of the Agriculture Working Group of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
AIP_BiodiversityCC Inactive: Biodiversity and Climate Change Working Group of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
AIP_Capacity_Bldg Public: List for the discussions about Capacity Building in of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
AIP_Disasters Public: Disasters Working Group of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
AIP_Energy Public: Energy Working Group of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
AIP_GCI_Research Public: List for the discussions of the GCI Research Working Group of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
AIP_Health Public: Health Working Group of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
AIP_TestFacility Inactive: Test Facility Working Group of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
AIP_Tutorials Public: List for the discussions of the Tutorials Working Group of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
AIP_UID Public: List for the discussions of the UID Working Group of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
AIP_WGLeaders Public: Working Group Leaders Working Group of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
AIP_Workflow Inactive: Workflow and Alerts Working Group of the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
Architecture.dwg Public: The Architecture DWG considers architectural issues surrounding OpenGIS activities, including mechanisms for describing and invoking services in a heterogeneous distributed network.
Communication-Announce Member: Information regarding communications, education and events supported by the OGC that are relevant to the OGC membership and international geospatial standards development.
coordtran.wg Public: The Coordinate Reference System (CRS) Domain Working Group (DWG) develops strategies for encoding of earth coordinate reference systems and transformations between coordinate reference systems. Also addresses units of measure.
Coverages.wg Public: MemberCoverages WG's mission is to promote and oversee development of OGC Implementation Specifications for exploitation of, and accessing, coverage data, including images and other grid coverages.
EarthCube-core Inactive: Discussions related to NSF EarthCube organizational framework among members of OGC-related proposal teams.
EOEPHackathon Private: EOEP Hackathon open to non-OGC-members.
ETS3info Inactive: Public may ask questions about the Emerging Technology Summitt III.
France.Forum Member: Discussions focused around France.
GeoAPI.wg Member: GeoAPI Working Group which aims to provide neutral, interface-only API�s based upon existing and proposed OGC Standards.
GEOSS_demo Inactive: Coordination list to prepare OGC demonstration for GEOSS workshop at IEEE Symposium, July 24, 2005.
GMLJP2.IE Inactive: Member list for GML and JPEG 2000 Interoperability Experiment discussions.
Media Inactive: Press releases as sent to news organizations.
Newsletter-html Inactive: OGC news released monthly in HTML.
NSF_Earth_Cube Private: Discussions related to NSF Earth Cube program conducted by OGC members and selected guests.
OGC-Translators Public: Translators of OGC documents and specifications.
OGC.Meeting Member: Announcements Only. Members attending the Current(Next) TC meeting (auto-generated each meeting).
OGCUser Inactive: HTML Quarterly publication focusing on successful implementations of OpenGIS Specifications.
OLS.RFC Inactive: No longer active.
Ols1 Inactive: No longer active.
PC Private: The Principal Committee plan and manage OGC technology development process.
POI.swg Public: Points of Interest (POI) SWG discussion list. Observer Agreement required.
PointCloud.DWG Public: This Point Cloud DWG list is for discussion within the group membership.
SensorML Public: Support Forum for SensorML.
USGS-IA Inactive: Private - USGS Interoperability Assessment discussion list.
WTS.rwg Inactive: Member list for Web Terrain Service discussions.


Unity 2D lands in Oneiric daily build - OMG! Ubuntu!
Before we begin with the boring stuff let me say that I am in no-way, shape or form advising you to download the Oneiric daily build – it's not even in Alpha yet!
Ahem. Back to work, Joey.
Unity 2D, the Qt-based non-accelerated version of Ubuntu's Unity interface, has landed in the Ubuntu 11.10 daily builds.
Why is this notable? Unity 2D will be supplanting the current "Ubuntu classic" session in Ubuntu 11.10, meaning that for hundreds of thousands of users unable or not wanting to run the composited version of the Unity desktop Unity 2D will become their 'default' desktop experience.
With development of Ubuntu 11.10 only just beginning to kick into gear Unity 2D, along with Unity proper, will be improved and refined from the versions currently available in Ubuntu 11.04.
The latest Oneiric Daily Builds can be downloaded @ cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live.


text:
After decades of work, Egypt to open 3,000-year-old Avenue of Sphinxes
Egypt opened its 3,000-year-old Avenue of Sphinxes to the public this week, in a swanky ceremony, after over seven decades of failed attempts
The entire stretch connects Karnak Temple with Luxor Temple and was uncovered in the ancient city of Thebes
The project was delayed after the 2011 political uprising in Egypt further complicated efforts, but it was resumed in 2017.
CAIRO, Egypt: Egypt opened its 3,000-year-old Avenue of Sphinxes to the public this week, in a swanky ceremony, after over seven decades of failed attempts.
The entire stretch connects Karnak Temple with Luxor Temple and was uncovered in the ancient city of Thebes.
"The amount of rubble that was removed over the decades was up to 8 meters high. Every layer of sand tells us a story about that avenue," Mostafa el-Sagheer, the head of Karnak's Antiquities Department who oversaw the project to excavate the last stretch of the avenue, told ABC News.
The avenue was first sighted in 1949 when Egyptian archeologist Mohammed Zakaria Ghoneim uncovered eight statues near the Luxor Temple, el-Sagheer said. From 1984 to 2000, the entire route of the walkway was uncovered.
The project was delayed after the 2011 political uprising in Egypt further complicated efforts. It was resumed in 2017.
"From 2017 to 2021, the final 20 or 25 percent of the road was excavated," el-Sagheer said.
Most of the original 1,057 statues in the avenue have been recovered. They are divided into three shapes, the first being a body of a lion with a ram's head that was erected over a nearly 1,000-foot area between the Karnak Temple and the Precinct of Mut during the reign of New Kingdom ruler Tutankhamen.
The second shape is a full ram statue, while the third, which comprises the largest number of statues, is of a sphinx.
El-Sagheer said the ancient Opet festival would be also relived during this week's festivities.
Former Denmark defense minister charged with leaking state secrets
COPENHAGEN, Denmark: An official at the highest level of the Denmark government has been charged with leaking state secrets. Claus ...
China seeks to use Gwadar port as military base: Report
Amsterdam [Netherlands], January 18 (ANI): China will seek to use Pakistan's Gwadar Port, which comes under the multi-billion dollar China-Pakistan ...
Washington [US], January 18 (ANI): Officially launching the Marvel Cinematic Universe's 2022 slate, the first trailer for its new series ...
CONAKRY, GUINEA - Former Guinean President Alpha Conde left the country for medical treatment in the United Arab Emirates after ...
Abu Dhabi [UAE], January 18 (ANI): The United Arab Emirates (UAE) on Monday condemned the Houthi attack in the capital ...


When was the last time you had one of these? You know the ones…..those lunchtimes when you just sit and chill out? Free of any devices, papers, human company OR guilt that you should really be doing something productive with that hour of your day, like checking in with Facey, working, studying, catching up with a friend, exercising. It had been a while for me…..until today.
If you're someone who meditates or practices yoga, or who takes these "Switch Off" moments often – this post ain't for you. You probably know and are already reaping the benefits of a clear and calm mind, but for those of us who try to squeeze every last ounce of productivity out of every day, read on.
I read alot about this kind of stuff – taking life slowly and each day as it comes, thriving in the moment, "slowing down", smelling the roses etc. I even have little motivational cards on my desk at work that change each day to remind me to do so! But life can sneak up on you and before you know it, every waking minute is spent doing something that is 'productive', or ticking off something on the to-do list.
This is all well and good, and it is good to be organised 🙂 But today I stopped. Not by choice I must admit, my phone AND iPad were out of reach and frankly with this growing belly (35 weeks up the duff), my motivation to get up and get them just didn't exist. So I sat. And I ate my soup. And I chilled the f*** out. It's amazing what creative ideas (usually food related) pop into your head when you just let everything go for a little while. And it is fascinating watching people, and life. So much in life goes by without us noticing, and without sounding all old-farty and hippy and stuff, life goes too damn fast! I for one am keen to try and soak up every minute I can….
Whilst having a "Switch Off Lunch" is probably a low priority if you are mega busy, I truly believe that investing this time will deliver rewards. Just allowing your mind to clear while you chomp on a sandwich can really help organise your thoughts and move forward with your life in a more efficient manner.
When I'm super busy and my mind is racing, I find it hard to stop to organise my thoughts (especially if I have wagged yoga a few times). There is a technique used in Yoga and in Meditative practice that is useful for teaching yourself to wind down your racing mind. I have no idea what this technique is called but I am sure one of my yogi friends will let me know 🙂 This practice is about recognising your thoughts and letting go of them. Not forgetting them, just giving yourself some space to BE without thinking too much, and essentially vacating your mind to find some calm.
Woah – got a bit alternative hippy chick there, sorry. But you get the drift here. Being able to clear your mind and pro-actively seeking time to just sit and 'be' will do absolute wonders for your mental health and happiness. I am going to strive for this every week, even if it is only once a week (….plus I'll stop wagging yoga). You might just find yourself enjoying it so much that you are taking a "Switch Off" moment more often.
This entry was tagged happy, mentalhealth, mindfulness, relax, switchoff, wellness. Bookmark the permalink.
← Love a good Stroganoff…..


text:
Center for Biological Diversity et al v. U.S. Bureau of Land Mgmt., et al, 2:21-cv-02507, No. 42 (C.D.Cal. Dec. 4, 2021)
Case 2:21-cv-02507-GW-AS Document 42 Filed 12/03/21 Page 1 of 30 Page ID #:421
`TODD KIM
`Assistant Attorney General
`U.S. Department of Justice
`Environment & Natural Resources Division
`LUTHER L. HAJEK
`Natural Resources Section
`999 18th Street, South Terrace, Suite 370
`Denver, CO 80202
`Tel.: (303) 844-1376
`Fax: (303) 844-1350
`E-mail: luke.hajek@usdoj.gov
`Attorneys for Defendants
`FOR THE CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
`WESTERN DIVISION
` Case No. 2:21-cv-02507-GW-AS
`DEFENDANTS' NOTICE OF
`MOTION FOR VOLUNTARY
`REMAND AND MEMORANDUM
`IN SUPPORT
`Hearing Date: March 24, 2021
`Time: 8:30 am
`Courtroom: 9D
`Judge: Honorable George H. Wu
`CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL
`DIVERSITY, et al.,
`Plaintiffs,
`v.
`U.S. BUREAU OF LAND
`MANAGEMENT, et. al.,
`Defendants,
`and
`CADIZ, INC., et al.,
`Defendant-Intervenors
`Defs.' Notice of Motion for Voluntary Remand and Memorandum in Support
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
`Case 2:21-cv-02507-GW-AS Document 42 Filed 12/03/21 Page 2 of 30 Page ID #:422
`NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION FOR VOLUNTARY REMAND
`PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that, on March 24, 2022, or as soon thereafter as
`it may be taken under submission or heard, Defendants the U.S. Bureau of Land
`Management ("BLM") et al. will, and hereby do, move this Court for a voluntary
`remand of the actions challenged in this case. Specifically, Defendants request that
`the Court grant a remand of BLM's decision to issue a right-of-way to Cadiz Real
`Estate, LLC ("Cadiz") allowing it to operate a pipeline to transport water between
`Cadiz and Barstow, California. In making that decision, BLM did not adequately
`analyze the potential environmental impacts of granting the right-of-way under the
`National Environmental Policy Act ("NEPA") and did not sufficiently evaluate
`potential impacts to historic properties under the National Historic Preservation
`Act ("NHPA"). Therefore, and for the reasons set forth in the accompanying
`memorandum in support, Defendants request that the Court remand BLM's
`decision to the agency and vacate it.
`Pursuant to Local Rule 7-3, Defendants' counsel has conferred with counsel
`for the parties. Defendant-Intervenors Cadiz et al. oppose this motion. Plaintiffs
`Center for Biological Diversity et al. and Plaintiffs Native American Land
`Conservancy et al., subject to review of the filed brief, do not oppose this motion.
`DATED: December 3, 2021 Respectfully submitted,
`/s/ Luther L. Hajek_______________
`Trial Attorney (CO Bar No. 44303)
`Defs.' Notice of Motion for Voluntary Remand
`999 18th Street
`South Terrace, Suite 370
`Tel ǀ (303) 844-1376
`Fax ǀ (303) 844-1350
`Email: Luke.Hajek@usdoj.gov
`B.
`C.
`MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1
`BACKGROUND .............................................................................................. 1
`I.
`Factual Background ...................................................................... 1
`II.
`Legal Background ........................................................................ 7
`The Federal Land Policy and Management Act ................ 7
`A.
`B. Mineral Leasing Act........................................................... 7
`National Environmental Policy Act ................................... 8
`D. National Historic Preservation Act .................................... 9
`APPLICABLE LEGAL STANDARD ........................................................... 11
`ARGUMENT .................................................................................................. 12
`A Remand of BLM's Right-of-Way Decision Is Appropriate ... 12
`BLM Did Not Comply With NEPA Prior to the Approval
`of Right-of-Way Grants to Cadiz ..................................... 12
`BLM Did Not Comply With Section 106 of the NHPA
`Prior to the Approval of Right-of-Way Grants to Cadiz . 16
`BLM Lacked Sufficient Information to Determine
`Whether Cadiz's Use of the Rights-of-Way Complied
`With FLPMA ................................................................... 20
`The Court Should Vacate BLM's Decision Granting Rights-of-
`Way to Cadiz .............................................................................. 21
`CONCLUSION ............................................................................................... 23
`Defs.' Memorandum in Support of Motion for Voluntary Remand
`i
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`Cases
`Alaska Ctr. for Envt. v. U.S. Forest Serv.,
`189 F.3d 851 (9th Cir. 1999) ......................................................................... 13, 14
`Allied–Signal, Inc. v. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comm'n,
`988 F.2d 146 (D.C.Cir.1993) ............................................................................... 12
`Cal. Cmtys. Against Toxics v. U.S. Envtl. Prot. Agency,
`688 F.3d 989 (9th Cir. 2012) ................................................................... 11, 12, 21
`California v. Norton,
`311 F.3d 1162 (9th Cir. 2002) .............................................................................. 15
`Coast Rivers All. v. U.S. Dep't of the Interior,
`No. 1:16-cv-307-LJO-MJS, 2016 WL 8673038 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 16, 2016) ........ 11
`Crutchfield v. U.S. Army Corps of Eng'rs,
`154 F. Supp. 2d 878 (E.D. Va. 2001) ................................................................... 19
`Ctr. for Biological Diversity v. U.S. Bureau of Land Mgmt.,
`No. 2:14-cv-00226-APG-VCF, 2017 WL 3667700 (D. Nev. Aug. 23, 2017) .... 15
`No. CV 17-8587-GW(ASx), 2019 WL 2635587 (June 20, 2019) ......................... 2
`Fla. Power & Light Co. v. Lorion,
`470 U.S. 729 (1985) ............................................................................................. 21
`Idaho Farm Bureau Fed'n v. Babbitt,
`58 F.3d 1392 (9th Cir.1995) ................................................................................. 12
`Jones v. Gordon,
`793 F.2d 821 (9th Cir. 1986) ................................................................................ 15
`Klamath–Siskiyou Wildlands Ctr. v. Nat'l Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin.,
`109 F. Supp. 3d 1238 (N.D. Cal. 2015) ........................................................ 21, 22
`Lute v. Singer Co.,
`678 F.2d 844 (9th Cir.1982) ................................................................................. 11
`Muckleshoot Indian Tribe v. U.S. Forest Serv.,
`177 F.3d 800 (9th Cir. 1999) ........................................................................... 9, 10
`ii
`Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc. v. U.S. Dep't of Interior,
`275 F. Supp. 2d 1136 (C.D. Cal. 2002) ................................................................ 11
`Nat'l Family Farm Coal. v. U.S. Envtl. Prot. Agency,
`960 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 2020) ....................................................................... 21, 22
`Native Ecosystems Council v. Dombeck,
`Nw. Res. Info. Ctr., Inc. v. Nat'l Marine Fisheries Serv.,
`56 F.3d 1060 (9th Cir. 1995) ................................................................................ 19
`Pollinator Stewardship Council v. U.S. Envtl. Prot. Agency,
`Robertson v. Methow Valley Citizens Council,
`490 U.S. 332 (1989) ............................................................................................... 8
`Rusty Coal Blackwater v. Sec. of the Interior,
`No. 3:14-cv-244-LRH-VPC, 2015 WL 506475 (D. Nev. Feb. 5, 2015) ...... 11, 16
`San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Auth. v. Jewell,
`Save Our Heritage v. Federal Aviation Administration,
`269 F.3d 49 (1st Cir. 2001) .................................................................................. 18
`Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation v. U.S. Army Corps of
`Eng'rs,
`No. 3:11-CV-03026-RAL, 2016 WL 5478428 (D.S.D. Sept. 29, 2016) ............. 18
`SKF USA Inc. v. United States,
`254 F.3d 1022 (Fed. Cir. 2001) ............................................................................ 11
`Summit Lake Paiute Tribe of Nev. v. U.S. Bureau of Land Mgmt.,
`496 F. App'x. 712 (9th Cir. 2012) ................................................................. 10, 11
`Te-Moak Tribe of W. Shoshone of Nev. v. U.S. Dep't of the Interior,
`Trujillo v. Gen. Elec. Co.,
`621 F.2d 1084 (10th Cir.1980) ............................................................................. 11
`Statutes
`30 U.S.C. § 185(a) ..................................................................................................... 7
`42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(C) .............................................................................................. 8
`iii
`43 U.S.C. § 1701(a)(7) ............................................................................................... 7
`54 U.S.C. § 300320 ..................................................................................... 10, 17, 19
`54 U.S.C. § 304101 .................................................................................................... 9
`54 U.S.C. § 306108 ............................................................................................. 9, 17
`Regulations
`36 C.F.R. § 800.16(d) .............................................................................................. 10
`36 C.F.R. § 800.16(l)(1) ........................................................................................... 10
`36 C.F.R. § 800.3(a) ................................................................................................. 17
`36 C.F.R. § 800.3(a)(1) ..................................................................................... 16, 18
`36 C.F.R. § 800.4(a)(1) ............................................................................................ 10
`36 C.F.R. § 800.4(d)(2) ............................................................................................ 10
`36 C.F.R. §§ 800.4-800.6 ......................................................................................... 17
`40 C.F.R. § 1501.3 ..................................................................................................... 8
`40 C.F.R. § 1501.4 ................................................................................................... 13
`43 C.F.R. § 2885.12(a) ............................................................................................... 7
`43 C.F.R. § 46.205(c) ............................................................................................... 13
`43 C.F.R. § 46.210 ..................................................................................................... 9
`43 C.F.R. § 46.215(f) ........................................................................................ 13, 15
`43 C.F.R. §§ 2804.25(c) ........................................................................................... 16
`Other Authorities
`51 Fed. Reg. 15,618 (Apr. 25, 1986) ......................................................................... 8
`65 Fed. Reg. 77,69 (Dec. 12, 2000) ......................................................................... 19
`85 Fed. Reg. 43,304 (July 16, 2020) .......................................................................... 8
`iv
`INTRODUCTION
`Defendants request that the Court remand the U.S. Bureau of Land
`Management's ("BLM") issuance of right-of-way grants to Cadiz Real Estate, LLC
`("Cadiz") to allow it to operate a pipeline to transport water between Cadiz and
`Wheeler Ridge, California. The potential impacts of granting such a right-of-way
`were not properly evaluated in accordance with the National Environmental Policy
`Act ("NEPA") and the National Historic Preservation Act ("NHPA"). Due to the
`lack of analysis, the agency does not know the source of the water that will be
`transported through the pipeline and therefore could not have analyzed the
`potential impacts on the environment or historic properties of drawing down the
`water at its source. Cadiz did not provide specific information about its plans, and
`the agency, nevertheless, proceeded to grant a right-of-way without knowing either
`the specifics of Cadiz's plans or evaluating the potential impacts of Cadiz's
`operations. The resulting decision violated NEPA and the NHPA. Defendants
`further request that BLM's decision and the underlying right-of-way grants be
`vacated due to the seriousness of the agency's legal errors.
`Factual Background
`For more than twenty years, Cadiz has pursued a project to extract water
`from an aquifer underlying its land in southeastern California and transport it to
`urban areas in and around Los Angeles. Cadiz's property is located in the vicinity
`of Mojave National Preserve and surrounded by Mojave Trails National
`Monument. Cadiz2020-02384. In order to transport the water to urban water
`districts, Cadiz must cross federal lands. Two avenues are available: a southern
`route connecting the Cadiz Project to the Colorado River Aqueduct near Rice,
`California, or a northern route extending westward to the California Aqueduct near
`Wheeler Ridge, California. Cadiz2020-02449-50.
`In order to pursue the southern route, Cadiz leased a portion of a railroad
`right-of-way from the Arizona California Railroad, which had been granted under
`the General Railroad Right-of-Way Act of 1875 ("1875 Act"). See Ctr. for
`Biological Diversity v. U.S. Bureau of Land Mgmt., No. CV 17-8587-GW(ASx),
`2019 WL 2635587, at *1 (June 20, 2019). Cadiz asserted that, because the right-
`of-way for the railroad right-of-way was granted under the 1875 Act and its use of
`the line would further a railroad purpose, it did not need to seek permission from
`BLM to use the right-of-way for a water pipeline. Id. at *3. BLM agreed in 2017,
`and determined that Cadiz had shown that its proposed water pipeline would serve
`a railroad purpose. Id. at *6-7. BLM's determination was challenged, and in June
`2019, this Court held that the determination was arbitrary and capricious and
`remanded the matter to the agency. Id. at *31-32. In February 2020, BLM
`reaffirmed its determination that Cadiz's water pipeline would serve a railroad
`purpose, but Cadiz has not built a pipeline along that route and that determination
`is not at issue here.1
`Cadiz also pursued a potential northern route for the transport of water,
`which is at issue here. In May 2020, Cadiz approached BLM about the potential
`conversion of an existing right of way grant for a natural gas pipeline to use for
`water transport. Cadiz2020-02444. That pipeline, the rights to which Cadiz
`purchased from the El Paso Natural Gas Company ("EPNG"), runs from Cadiz,
`California to Wheeler Ridge, California. Id.; see also Cadiz2020-02450. Cadiz
`informed BLM that it planned to use the existing pipeline, which previously had
`been used to transport natural gas, to transport water. Cadiz2020-02444.
`According to Cadiz, the pipeline "has the capacity to transport approximately
`1 It is Defendants' understanding that a legal dispute with the State of California
`has prevented Cadiz from moving forward along the southern route.
`Case 2:21-cv-02507-GW-AS Document 42 Filed 12/03/21 Page 10 of 30 Page ID #:430
`30,000 [acre-feet per year ("AFY")] between Palmdale and Barstow and 25,000
`AFY between Barstow and Cadiz." Id. Cadiz further explained that the "[u]se of
`the pipeline for water transport would facilitate groundwater storage in adjacent
`basins," and would diversify the "sources of water for communities that presently
`lack access to reliable water sources, including state-designated disadvantaged
`communities." Id. Cadiz also submitted maps showing the existing EPNG line
`and the potential route of the water pipeline in relation to existing aqueducts.
`Cadiz20202449-50.2
`In June 2020, BLM sent Cadiz some initial questions about their planned
`project. Cadiz2020-02429. Cadiz responded on July 20, 2020, but provided few
`details about its plans to transport water through the pipeline. Cadiz2020-02417.
`It stated that its proposed plan was "a separate project that is not part of the Cadiz
`Water Project that has been planned to deliver water from Cadiz's holdings to the
`Colorado River Aqueduct for delivery to communities in Southern California." Id.
`Instead, it asserted that its plans with respect to the EPNG line involved
`transporting water from Cadiz to Wheeler Ridge, but stated that the "project [was]
`in the early stages." Id. Further, Cadiz explained that, if it obtained approval from
`BLM to use the pipeline for transporting water, it would seek to enter into
`contracts with water providers and water users for the transport of water. Id.
`Cadiz did not explain where the water would come from.
`2 In a 2018 filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Cadiz stated that
`it currently owned a 96-mile abandoned oil and gas line extending from Cadiz to
`Barstow, California, and that it planned to acquire an additional 124-mile segment
`from Barstow to Wheeler Ridge, California, which would allow Cadiz to "transport
`between 18,000 and 30,000 acre-feet of water per year between the Water Project
`area and the Central and Northern California water transportation networks."
`Cadiz2020-01474.
`On July 30, 2020, Cadiz submitted an application to BLM for a right-of-
`way. Cadiz2020-02382. Cadiz sought approval of the assignment of a right-of-
`way granted to EPNG for a right-of-way spanning a 216-mile route from Cadiz to
`Wheeler Ridge and amendment of the right-of-way grant to allow Cadiz to use the
`pipeline for water transport. Id. The application stated that Cadiz "owns 45,000
`acres of land and water rights in eastern San Berna[r]dino County, California." Id.
`The application further stated that the conversion of the oil and gas pipeline to a
`water pipeline would provide an alternative source of water to water providers and
`particularly rural areas and disadvantage communities. Cadiz2020-02383. It also
`provided a map of the "Cadiz Northern Pipeline," which showed a route extending
`from Cadiz to Wheeler Ridge. Cadiz2020-02384. Attached to the application was
`a "Plan of Development," which stated, "Water will be transported through the
`pipeline to serve water conveyance needs of various municipal, agricultural, and
`industrial interests along the route of the pipeline." Cadiz2020-02396. No other
`details about Cadiz's plans to use the pipeline for water transport were provided.
`On September 23, 2020, Cadiz sent an e-mail to BLM regarding the
`assignment of the EPNG right-of-way. Cadiz2020-02259. In the e-mail, Cadiz
`advised BLM that the closing on the agreement regarding the EPNG pipeline and
`right-of-way was "predicated on BLM's approval of the assignment of the ROW to
`Cadiz." Id. In a subsequent e-mail on October 12, 2020, Cadiz offered input on
`potential options for processing its right-of-way application: under one option
`BLM would process the application all at once and amend the existing right-of-
`way, and in the other, BLM would take two separate actions—reassigning the
`existing right-of-way for the natural gas pipeline and granting a new right-of-way
`under the Federal Land Policy and Management Act ("FLPMA") for a water
`pipeline. Cadiz2020-02184-86. Cadiz emphasized the need to process the
`application quickly. Cadiz2020-02185. After subsequent meetings with Cadiz,
`BLM committed to completing a decision regarding the right-of-way by the end of
`December 2020. Cadiz2020-02112.
`BLM chose to process the application in two steps: the reassignment of the
`existing Mineral Leasing Act ("MLA") right-of-way for oil and gas transport and
`the grant of a new FLPMA right-of-way for water transport. On December 11,
`2020, BLM prepared two categorical exclusions ("CX"), one for each step. See
`Cadiz2020-00583, Cadiz2020-00650. For the MLA right-of-way, BLM relied on a
`CX specified in the U.S. Department of the Interior's manual, 516 DM 11.9 E.(9),
`which applies to renewals of rights-of-way "where no additional rights are
`conveyed beyond those granted by the original authorizations." Cadiz2020-00584.
`For the FLPMA right-of-way, BLM relied on the CX in 516 DM 11.9 E.(12),
`which applies to "[g]rants of right-of-way wholly within the boundaries of other
`compatibly developed rights-of-way." Cadiz2020-00650. For each CX, BLM
`concluded that there were no extraordinary circumstances associated with the
`actions that would require the preparation of an environmental analysis.
`Cadiz2020-00587; Cadiz2020-00654.
`As for NHPA compliance, BLM determined that both right-of-way grants
`fell within Exemption B8 of the California Protocol Agreement ("PA"),3 meaning
`that a separate review of potential adverse effects on historic properties pursuant to
`section 106 of the NHPA was not required. Cadiz2020-01260-61 (MLA right-of-
`way); Cadiz2020-00950-51 (FLPMA right-of-way). On December 10, 2020, the
`3 The California PA serves as the alternative process by which the BLM in
`California satisfies its responsibilities under section 106 of the NHPA, consistent
`with the National Programmatic Agreement between the BLM, Advisory Council
`on Historic Preservation ("ACHP") and the National Conference of State Historic
`Preservation Officers. Cadiz2020-00950 n.1. The California PA is attached as Ex.
`Native American Land Conservancy and the National Parks Conservation
`Association (collectively, "NALC"), both of whom are now Plaintiffs, submitted a
`formal objection to the BLM's use of Exemption B8 in accordance with section
`8.1(P) of the California PA, which triggered a consultation process with the
`California State Historic Preservation Officer ("SHPO"). Cadiz2020-00344; see
`also California PA at 16-17. NALC asserted that Exemption B8 was inapplicable
`because BLM did not consider potential impacts to historic properties associated
`with Cadiz's water extraction project as directly associated with the right-of-way
`authorization. Cadiz2020-00345. On December 15, 2020, the California SHPO
`also sent BLM an e-mail in response to NALC's objections. Cadiz2020-00182.
`On December 21, 2020, BLM responded to the California SHPO's concerns
`and NALC's objection, explaining that it was no longer relying on Exemption B8
`and was instead relying on the applicable regulations at 36 C.F.R. pt. 800,
`consistent with Stipulation 5.1(A) of the California PA. Cadiz2020-00195 (letter
`to SHPO); Cadiz2020-00193 (letter to NALC). BLM concluded that the right-of-
`way had "independent utility," i.e., was not related to any other authorization for
`the use of public or private land and, specifically, was "not linked to the use of the
`groundwater under private lands held by Cadiz." Id.
`On December 21, 2020, BLM also issued a decision transferring a portion of
`the EPNG MLA right-of-way to Cadiz and simultaneously granting a new,
`coextensive FLPMA right-of-way to Cadiz. Cadiz2020-00001-37. The rights-of-
`way cover approximately 58 and 53 miles of discontinuous federal land,
`respectively, between Cadiz and Wheeler Ridge, California. Cadiz2020-00021
`(MLA grant); Cadiz2020-00005 (FLPMA grant); see also Cadiz2020-02449
`(indicating the approximate location of the rights-of-way); Cadiz2020-01140-64
`(plats of the land crossed by the rights-of-way).
`II. Legal Background
`The Federal Land Policy and Management Act
`Pursuant to FLPMA, BLM is charged with managing federal public lands for
`a variety of uses while protecting environmental, ecological, and recreational
`values. See 43 U.S.C. § 1701(a)(7). Under Title V of FLPMA, BLM may grant
`rights-of-way across public land for various uses, including pipelines for the
`transportation of water. Id. § 1761(a)(1). An entity seeking a right-of-way must
`submit an application disclosing the intended use of the right-of-way, plans, and
`any other information deemed necessary by the Secretary. Id. § 1761(b)(1). If
`approved, a right-of-way grant should include terms and conditions ensuring that
`that applicant minimizes potential environmental impacts and complies with
`relevant federal and state air and water quality standards, among other things. Id. §
`B. Mineral Leasing Act
`Under the Mineral Leasing Act, BLM may grant rights-of-way across federal
`lands for pipelines to transport oil or gas. 30 U.S.C. § 185(a); 43 C.F.R. pt. 2880.
`BLM may grant the right-of-way so long as the applicant possesses the requisite
`qualifications and BLM determines that the right-of-way is consistent with the
`purposes of the affected federal land. 30 U.S.C. §§ 185(a), (b)(1). A grant
`conveys to the grantee only those rights expressly contained in the grant and
`includes, among other things, the right to "[u]se the described lands to construct,
`operate, maintain, and terminate facilities within the right-of-way or TCP
`[temporary use permit] area for authorized purposes under the terms and conditions
`of the grant or TUP," and "[a]ssign the grant or TUP to another, provided that [the
`grantee] obtain the BLM's prior written approval, unless [the grantee's] grant or
`TUP states that such approval is unnecessary." 43 C.F.R. § 2885.12(a), (e). A
`proposed assignee of a grant "must file an application and satisfy the same
`procedures and standards as for a new grant or TUP." Id. § 2887.11(b). Until
`approved in writing, BLM will not recognize an assignment. Id. § 2887.11(e).
`C. National Environmental Policy Act
`NEPA serves the dual purpose of informing agency decision-makers of the
`significant environmental effects of proposed major federal actions and ensuring
`that relevant information is made available to the public so that they "may also
`play a role in both the decisionmaking process and the implementation of that
`decision." See Robertson v. Methow Valley Citizens Council, 490 U.S. 332, 349
`(1989). To meet the procedural goals of the statute, NEPA requires that an agency
`prepare a comprehensive EIS for "major Federal actions significantly affecting the
`quality of the human environment." 42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(C).
`An EIS, however, is not required in every instance. In accordance with the
`Council on Environmental Quality's ("CEQ") regulations implementing NEPA, an
`agency should first determine the appropriate level of environmental review. See
`40 C.F.R. § 1501.3.4 If an action typically would not have significant
`environmental effects, then it may be categorically excluded from the requirement
`to prepare an EIS. Id. § 1501.3(a)(1). Each agency shall promulgate its own
`regulations regarding the types of actions subject to categorical exclusions ("CX").
`Id. § 1501.4(a). If a proposed action falls within a CX identified by the agency's
`regulations, then the agency must evaluate whether extraordinary circumstances
`4 CEQ promulgated regulations implementing NEPA in 1978, 43 Fed. Reg. 55,978
`(Nov. 29, 1978), and a minor substantive amendment to those regulations in 1986,
`51 Fed. Reg. 15,618 (Apr. 25, 1986). In 2020, CEQ published a final rule
`substantially revising the 1978 regulations. 85 Fed. Reg. 43,304 (July 16, 2020).
`The NEPA review challenged in this case was conducted pursuant to the 2020
`regulations, and therefore the citations to CEQ's regulations in this brief refer to
`those regulations.
`are present. Id. § 1501.4(b)(1). If extraordinary circumstances are present, then
`the agency may not rely on a CX and instead must prepare an environmental
`assessment ("EA") or an EIS. Id. § 1501.4(b)(2).
`The Department of the Interior's NEPA regulations designate categories of
`actions subject to categorical exclusions. 43 C.F.R. § 46.210. Interior's
`regulations provide for a review of extraordinary circumstances. Id. § 46.215.
`Categorical exclusions applicable to BLM are set forth in Interior's Departmental
`Manual ("DM") at 516 DM 11.9.5
`D. National Historic Preservation Act
`Section 106 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to consider the potential
`effects of federal "undertakings" on historic properties. 54 U.S.C. § 306108.
`Section 106 requires BLM to "take into account the effect of the undertaking on
`any historic property." Id. Section 106 of the NHPA "is a stop, look, and listen
`provision that requires each federal agency to consider the effects of its programs."
`Muckleshoot India


text:
Italian pro Alan Marangoni picks up maiden win in his last race before retirement
The Nippo-Vini Fantini rider proves it's never too late
Alex Ballinger November 13, 2018 3:47 pm
Alan Marangoni has won his last race before retirement Photo : Yuzuru SUNADA
Italian professional Alan Marangoni has picked up his maiden win during his last ever race.
The Nippo-Vini Fantini rider is calling time on his 11-year career, signing off with a bang at the Tour of Okinawa on Sunday.
At 34-years-old, the former Cannondale WorldTour pro claimed his first professional win on the day he leaves the sport.
Marangoni said: "It was the perfect day I have always looked for in my career and I found it today.
"I took the risk of attacking in the last kilometres because I wanted to play all the cards to reach this goal I chased several times during my career.
"Crossing the line first and winning on a day that was already special for me was indescribably emotional.
"It was a month of sacrifice far from home, but I wanted to close my career in the best way.
"A fairytale ending that I have dreamed of many times and that today has become a reality."
>>> Aqua Blue Sport bosses respond after riders claim pay has been delayed
Marangoni slotted into the decisive breakaway at the Tour of Okinawa one-day race.
The escapees built up eight minutes ahead of the chasers, but only four riders remained out front in the final 10km.
Attacks went on the final climb, but Marangoni was able to follow before he countered with 4km left to ride.
That attack stuck, leaving Marangoni free to cross the line ahead of Australian Freddy Ovett (Australia Cycling Academy).
Marangoni joined the WorldTour with Liquigas-Cannondale in 2011, staying with the outfit until he stepped down a level in 2016.
For the last two season he has ridden for the pro continental team Nippo-Vini Fantini – his last team as a professional bike rider.
Rapha drops price of RCC membership
Julian Alaphilippe abandons first race of the year


text:
Before all the moments go asunder…..
September 27, 2021 September 27, 2021 ~ Dayton Ward
So, here we are. The eve of the official release date for Moments Asunder, the first book in the Star Trek: Coda trilogy.
Along with its two companions – James Swallow's The Ashes of Tomorrow and Oblivion's Gate by David Mack – this is the culmination of more than two years of planning, plotting, scheming, writing, sweating, agonizing, doubting, cursing, and maybe even a bit of crying. It was a difficult path to navigate for a number of reasons, not the least of which was the sense of responsibility and obligation the three of us felt as we developed the story and then went to our corners to write our books, reconvening as necessary to discuss some plot point or weird idea one of us conjured late some evening. Then came the reading each of our respective manuscripts, poring over page after page to ensure consistency. I'm abolutely certain there's something in there somewhere missed by at least one of us, but I promise you it wasn't for lack of trying.
All of that's done, now, with nothing for us along with our editors to do but wait.
Oh, and perhaps also offer links to where you can pre-order each of the books: Follow the links below for each book in trade paperback, e-Book, and audiobook editions:
Book I: Moments Asunder by moi
Book II: The Ashes of Tomorrow by James Swallow
Book III: Oblivion's Gate by David Mack
There's been much speculation about these books since word about them began to trickle forth back in February 2021. Jim, Dave, and myself have been rather annoyingly coy and evasive whenever we've confronted all manner of questions about the books, the story, its implications for the future of Star Trek novels, the end of civilization as we know it and perhaps even the heat death of the universe.
No matter how one chooses to look at it, there's no denying we've reached a turning point in the state of "Star Trek literature." Books, comics, and other means of extending the brand into other storytelling realms have always walked alongside those adventures we've watched on our TVs and movie screens. They're created in service to those tales, co-existing with Star Trek even as it adapts and evolves for new generations of viewers.
Anyone who works on books like these – or reads them for any length of time – knows that there come those occasions when such transitions are necessary in order to support the property to which they connect. Fans who read DC's Star Trek comics in the 1980s saw how those writers tap-danced to different tunes every few years as they wove storylines and then backtracked or side-stepped to avoid conflicts with the latest Star Trek film hitting theater screens, or how the advent of Star Trek: The Next Generation and its fellow spin-off TV series constantly redefined a Star Trek universe left largely untouched to that point save for those voyages told in print or comics form.
Those of us who pay attention to such things saw what happened when Disney acquired Star Wars from Lucasfilm and decades of novels, comics, and other "expanded universe" media were summarily reclassified as "Legends," with storylines ended or simply left unresolved as new films were put into production. In many ways it was a "clean slate" so far as tie-in efforts were concerned. After being told for years that all of this material "mattered" and was even considered "canon" (albeit on a "level" different from that of the Star Wars films), this sudden paradigm shift came as something of a shock, and for some it even felt more than a bit like betrayal.
Star Trek has always been very clear and up front about its own "expanded media" efforts: they're official and receive studio approval to be published, but they're not "canon." The people writing Star Trek TV shows and films are not obligated to acknowledge or align themselves with anything put forth in a novel, comic, videogame, or whatever else you care to name that's not a television episode or movie. With that said, when it became apparent that new Star Trek television projects would cause a conflict with the existing Star Trek "literary continuity" and other efforts like, for example, the Star Trek Online game, the good folks at ViacomCBS in charge of approving such things very much wanted to avoid a replay of the Star Wars situation. They welcomed and in fact championed our desire to do what we could to transition to the "new paradigm," as it were.
And so here we are.
So, what comes next? Well, "Star Trek literature" has been around since the original series was still in production and 55 years after that show's premiere, new stories are still being told in prose and comics form. So long as there's Star Trek on our screens, there will be "expanded media" to support it…and hopefully even to scratch the itch during those times where the Final Frontier isn't being revisited on screen every week or every couple of years at your local movie theater.
For this moment, however, I think it's okay to pause and reflect on what's come before. With that in mind and as an exercise in complete and flagrant self-indulgence, I extend my heartfelt thanks and appreciation to those with whom I've been privileged to share this journey since 1979, first as a reader and fan and later a contributor to more than four decades of Simon & Schuster publishing Star Trek fiction:
Dafydd ab Hugh, Rigel Ailur, Mark Allen, Chuck Anderson, Lorraine Anderson, jaQ Andrews, Richard J. Anobile, Kem Antilles, Nathan Archer, Derek Tyler Attico
Rick Barba, Steven Barnes, Patricia Barnes-Svarney, Mike W. Barr, Greg Bear, Ira Steven Behr, R. S. Belcher, M. Shayne Bell, Christopher L. Bennett, John Gregory Betancourt, Kirsten Beyer, Ilsa J. Bick, Randall L. Bills, David Bischoff, Emily P. Bloch, Paula M. Block, Margaret Wander Bonanno, Vince Bonasso, Jeff Bond, Michelle A. Bottrall, Jonathan Bridge, Greg Brodeur, Neil Bryant, Martin R. Burke
Allison Cain, Kelly Cairo, Diane Carey, Marc Carlson, Carmen Carter, Scott W. Carter, Karen Rose Cercone, Chris Chaplin, Scott Ciencin, Lisa Clancy, Margaret Clark, Cassandra Rose Clarke, Anne E. Clements, Carolyn Clowes, John Coffren, Loren L. Coleman, Mike Collins, Sonni Cooper, Lee Correy, Steven Costa, Jaime Costas, Greg Cox, Melissa Crandall, Ann C. Crispin, Russ Crossley, Jackee Crowell, Myrna Culbreath, Patrick Cumby, Brad Curry
Landon Cary Dalton, Tony Daniel, Peter David, Keith L. Davis, John de Lancie, Cynthia K. Deatherage, Nancy Debretsion, Keith R.A. DeCandido, David DeLee, M. C. DeMarco, Britta Dennison, Pat Detmer, Gene DeWeese, Melissa Dickinson, Rick Dickson, J. M. Dillard, Kevin Dilmore, Louis E. Doggett, Charlotte Douglas, John S. Drew, Diane Duane, Elizabeth A. Dunham, Doranna Durgin, Dan C. Duval, David Dvorkin, Daniel Dvorkin
Julia Ecklar, Ian Edginton, Terry J. Erdmann
Brad Ferguson, Kelli Fitzpatrick, Denny Martin Flinn, Eloise Flood, Lynda Martinez Foley, Dorothy C. Fontana, John M. Ford, William R. Forstchen, Alan Dean Foster, Aimee Ford Foster, Michael Jan Friedman, Esther Friesner
Dave Galanter, Diana Gallagher, Alan James Garbers, Mark Garland, David R. George III, David Gerrold, Craig Gibb, Allyn Gibson, Mel Gilden, Marc D. Giller, Christie Golden, Edgar Governo, Christian Grainger, Victoria Grant, Alan Gratz, Glenn Greenberg, Robert Greenberger, Carol Greenburg, Robyn Sullivent Gries, Gordon Gross, Ben Guilfoy, James Gunn
Karen Haas, Karen Haber, Barbara Hambly, Laurell K. Hamilton, Scott Harrison, David G. Hartwell, Simon Hawke, Jennifer Heddle, J. G. Hertzler, Nina Kiriki Hoffman, Kevin Hosey, Sarah A. Hoyt, Brett Hudgins, Bobbie Benton Hull, Julie A. Hyzy
Bob Ingersoll, Tony Isabella
Jeff D. Jacques, Heather Jarman, Michael J. Jasper, Robert T. Jeschonek, K. W. Jeter, Kij Johnson, Jim Johnson, Dan Jolley, Rudy Josephs
Janet Kagan, Paul J. Kaplan, Susan Kearney, Kevin Killiany, Frederick Kim, A. Rhea King, James Kirkland, Judy Klass, Diana Kornfeld, Eric Kotani, Dana Kramer-Rolls, Dylan Otto Krider, Paul Kupperberg, J. Noah Kym
Jeffrey Lang, Majliss Larson, Kevin Lauderdale, Gerri Leen, William Leisner, Peter Lerangis, S. N. Lewitt, Rebecca Lickiss, Alan L. Lickiss, Jean Lorrah
David Mack, T. L. Mancour, Andy Mangels, Jeff Mariotte, Sondra Marshak, Michael A. Martin, Muri McCage, Bill McCay, Una McCormack, Roger McCoy, Susan S. McCrackin, Mike McDevitt, Charles G. McGraw, David A. McIntee, Vonda N. McIntyre, Kristen McQuinn, Robert J. Mendenhall, Victor Milan, John Jackson Miller, V. E. Mitchell, Steve Mollmann, Dustan Moon, Stuart Moore, Susan Ross Moore, Drew Morby, Peter Morwood, Mark Murata, M. S. Murdock
Ann Nagy, Rebecca Neason, Juanita Nolte
Jerry Oltion, Kathy Oltion, Kathleen O'Malley, John J. Ordover, Terri Osborne
Logan Page, Mimi Panitch, Marco Palmieri, Craig D.B. Patten, Barbara Paul, Scott Pearson, Ted Pederson, John Peel, Charles Pellegrino, S. D. Perry, Catherine E. Pike, Gary Piserchio, Steven Piziks, Michael S. Poteet, Tonya D. Price, Penny A. Proctor
Ken Rand, J. R. Rasmussen, Annie Reed, Judith Reeves-Stevens, Garfield Reeves-Stevens, Robert Burke Richardson, Steven Scott Ripley, Chris Roberson, Andrew J. Robinson, Peg Robinson, Gene Roddenberry, Alara Rogers, J. A. Rosales, Aaron Rosenberg, William Rotsler, Paul Ruditis, Kristine Kathryn Rusch, Cory Rushton, E. Cristy Ruteshouser, Kevin P. Ryan
Pamela Sargent, Ed Schlesinger, Lawrence Schoen, Sandy Schofield, Michael Schuster, Melissa Scott, Shawn Michael Scott, Mary Scott-Wiecek, Sarah A. Seaborne, Brian Seidman, Keith Sharee, William Shatner, Sarah Shaw, Kim Sheard, Robert Sheckley, Josepha Sherman, Jill Sherwin, Armin Shimerman, Susan Shwartz, Robert Simpson, Amy Sisson, Charles Skaggs, Dean Wesley Smith, Melinda Snodgrass, S. P. Somtow, Dave Stern, J. B. Stevens, Brad Strickland, Barbara Strickland, Bill Stuart, Theodore Sturgeon, Jeff Suess, Lisa Sullivan, Kevin G. Summers, Michael Sussman, James Swallow, James J. Swann, Louisa M. Swann, Mary Sweeney
Frank Tagader, John Takis, Randy Tatano, Jeri Taylor, Franklin Thatcher, TG Theodore, W. R. Thompson, Geoffrey Thorne, Lois Tilton, E. Catherine Tobler, Geoff Trowbridge, Paul C. Tseng, Micheal Turner
Rob Vagle, Della Van Hise, Robert E. Vardeman, Amy Vincent, John Vornholt, Kelle Vozka
Laura Ware, David Weddle, Howard Weinstein, Bobbi J.G. Weiss, David Cody Weiss, Phaedra M. Weldon, Alex White, Richard C. White, Ryan M. Williams, David Niall Wilson, Carolyn Winifred, Robert Hewitt Wolfe, Jerry M. Wolfe, G. Wood, Olivia Woods, Susan Wright
Laurence Yep, Jeremy Yoder, J. Steven York, Christina F. York
Thomas F. Zahler, George Zebrowski, Charity Zegers, and Shane Zeranski.
(I sure hope I didn't forget anyone.)
Now then, for those of you who've only just recently jumped on the "Star Trek books train," because perhaps you've heard about Star Trek: Coda and you're curious as to what the fuss has been about all these years, all I can say is "Wow." Have you got a lot of cool stuff just waiting for you to discover. Go have a look-see:
Star Trek Books at Simon & Schuster
What are you waiting for? Adventure awaits!
Posted in books, friends, trek, writing
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7 thoughts on "Before all the moments go asunder….."
David Powell says:
Wow, seeing all those names in one place is impressive. Thanks for being one of them.
Man, do I have a lot of reading to do….
bibliomike2020 says:
Thank you for remembering me among your fellow journeyers, since I shared such a small portion of it with you. But when I tell folks I am quite literally a footnote in Star Trek literary history, I have your travel guide to Vulcan to thank for it! 🙂 Can't wait to see what adventures to strange new worlds (!) you continue to bring us! — Michael S. Poteet
John Austin says:
I cannot wait to get Moments Asunder this week, Mr.Ward! I have been so excited to read Coda since it was first announced back in February. Thank you for honoring in your email all those writers whose tales have been keeping readers like me enthralled for 42 years. I have been reading the Star Trek books and stories for 30 years myself.
I got into the books and comics back in Star Trek's 25th Anniversary when I was only 12 years old. Now I'm 42 exactly. I was born the year the Star Trek book line started and ST: TMP came out that same year. And my favorite rock band, U2, released their very first album in 1979, Boy, so that was a very good year 😊!
Anyways, I digress. However, there is one thing that you should probably clarify in another letter. You make it sound like the Star Trek Literature Universe is ending, Mr.Ward, and it's not. YOUR story is ending. The past 20 years worth of storytelling is ending.
But the Star Trek Literature Universe will still exist. There's a DS9 book, Revenant, coming out in December after Coda and there's a Picard novel come out next Spring and there's the Mirror War going on in the comics. So the Literature Universe is not ending. It's changing course and you should clarify that because there are some who will read your newsletter and think that the book line is being cancelled and it's not.
You, James Swallow, and David Mack are just wrapping up your storylines, which is great because there are some Star Trek novels that just leave you hanging. For example, William Shatner's novels. He was supposed to write a sequel to his Academy novel and he never did. Peter David never put a bow on the New Frontier and gave them a proper ending.
And David R. George III left DS9 open ended too. He started a Gamma series in it and one book came out in 2017 and nothing else for 5 years now. And now Coda will be the story that answers all those questions, except for when is William Shatner gonna write another Star Trek book of course 😄. But Coda is not an ending. It's really a beginning.
A new beginning for the Star Trek Literature Universe. And you're probably going to need to clarify that in another newsletter, Mr.Ward, because you really do make it sound like the Star Trek book line and comics are done and over with and they're not. Live long and prosper, Mr.Ward 🖖.
I appreciate your comments, but this part should make it pretty clear:
"Star Trek Literature" isn't going anywhere. It's just evolving. Again. 🙂
Thanks 👍. I know it's not going nowhere. ViacomCBS just wants writers to write more about the newer Trek shows rather than the older ones, am I right? I mean that's understandable.
They're spending all this money on creating new Star Trek shows for us to watch and they want to be able to capitalize on that. They want more Discovery and Picard stories, right? There's probably gonna be Prodigy and Lower Decks comic books. I wish they would do an anthology novel about that character, the Collector (I don't know his full name, sorry.), who had that HUGE collection of stuff like Khan's necklace from TWOK, a Terran Empire flag, etc etc.
It would be really cool to read an anthology highlighting how he got his hands on all of that stuff! But I do think ViacomCBS dropped the ball with Enterprise and this being her 20th anniversary and all. There should've been a comic, at least, to celebrate it. Instead there's nothing.
I thought for sure we were gonna get a comic book mini series. The first Enterprise comic book ever. But I was wrong. I mean we got a DS9 comic for the 25th anniversary, even though it was a little bit late.
And we got a Voyager one for it's 25th anniversary. But nothing for Enterprise. That's sad, really. Anyways, thanks for the clarification, Mr.Ward, and live long and prosper 🖖.
AJ Provance says:
My two concerns have been:
1. Will there still be Star Trek books?(which it seems like there will be?)
2. If the continuity is ending, I want Bashir to be free of his catatonia, other in my mind, he will always be stuck there
As I say in the post, as long there is Star Trek, there will almost certainly be Star Trek books. There likely will be Star Trek books even when there's no new Star Trek on television or in movie theaters. This is a road we've traveled before, after all. 🙂
Coming February 2023: High Noon on Proxima B!
Tuesday Trekkin': Old-school Star Trek book covers.
Happy 45th Birthday, Star Wars!
40 years of Star Trek: Strategic Operations Simulator.


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Carlsbad Caverns National Park Virtual Tour
By sfbayrane on April 25, 2020 • ( Leave a comment )
On April 13th, 2020 our one-year expedition to all the National Parks and Monuments got put on pause. As our subscribers know, I finally listened to Greg and sold my business and officially retired in December 2019 and after a year of research we decided to purchase a 2020 Winnebago Boldt BL in January of 2020. We did our shake down trip and drove from Iowa to Oregon via a southern route through Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and California. When we got home, we had several fixes for our Winnebago, (video to come soon check out our Boldt Review Video) and headed out on our second trip to see the California Coast and Highway one. Unfortunately, during that trip Bode got a few ticks (it seemed to be a crazy tick season on the California Coast this Spring) and we headed back to do some reorganizing and ensure Bode was tick free before we started our full-time vanlife.
At the end of February, we decided to hit the road and go South to National Parks and Monuments through out California, Arizona, Utah and then determine where to go next. Our house in Bend got full-time renters from California deciding if Central Oregon would be their new home and our vacation rental on the Oregon Coast was booked solid with guests, so the full-time vanlife began!
Then in the middle of March, COVID-19 starting making huge impact across our country and California began shutting down various outdoors spaces. BLM lands and national forests were still open but we decided we needed to head to Arizona where many outdoor spaces were still open and one could find plenty of open spaces. By April, we could see the writing on the wall as more and more forest roads were being blocked off and while we were in Utah calling parks we were told if you aren't a Utah resident you are not welcome.
Greg's Dad called us with our weekly mail update and read us a letter from the City of Newport telling us vacation rentals had been shut down and to please remove your guests and ensure no reservations until end of April. We threw in the towel and headed to Newport on April 13th from Kanab, Utah. We now have been hunkering down at our beach house for a while now. While we were on the road we did not realize how little coverage there was in many of our parks, therefore, we got way behind in our video taping and blogging. Now that we are in full WIFI zone we are revisiting all our trips to bring you the most interesting places to visit and where to boondock in the coming weeks until we can hit the road again. This week I'll be highlighting Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico. We did the self-guided tour.
Carlsbad Caverns National Monument is located in the Chihuahuan Desert about 20 miles southwest of Carlsbad, New Mexico and about 145 miles northeast of El Paso, Texas. It is an amazing geological site and we highly recommend it for all to see. It was created 265 million years ago by an inland sea through fossil beds and it contains over one hundred limestone caves.
Carlsbad's caves formed differently than typical caves. Typical caves are formed by rainwater slowly dissolving the limestone. Water then sinks through enlarged fractures and sinkholes eventually growing to become underground streams and rivers that carve out cave systems. While inside the Guadalupe Mountains, between four and six million years ago, hydrogen-sulfide-rich (H2S) waters began to migrate through fractures and faults in the Capitan limestone. This water mixed with rainwater moving downward from the surface. When the two waters mixed, the H2S combined with the oxygen carried by the rainwater and formed sulfuric acid (H2SO4). This acid dissolved the limestone along fractures and folds in the rock to form Carlsbad Cavern. This process left behind massive gypsum deposits, clay, and silt as evidence of how the cave was formed. With time, the active level dropped to form deeper cave passages. In abandoned cave passages above, blocks fell from the ceiling and speleothems (cave formations) began to grow. Around four million years ago, speleogenesis ceased in the area around Carlsbad Cavern and the cave began to take on the look it has today. (Taken from https://www.nps.gov/cave/learn/nature/cave.htm) The cavern itself is over 30 miles long but only 3 miles is open to the public. (Information below is a mixture taken directly from the website and from my memory of the tour and brochures.)
We started at the Nature Trail entrance and then ended at the Big Room Trail and took the elevator back to the top. The 1.25 mile (2 km) Natural Entrance Trail is extremely steep. Depending on if you decide to hike up or down, you gain or lose about 750 feet (229 m)—equivalent to walking up or down a 75-story building. The hike takes about one hour (on average) to complete. This trail is not recommended for visitors with heart or respiratory conditions. It is not handicap accessible.
You have the opportunity to follow in the footsteps of early explorers as you see formations like Devil's Spring, the Whale's Mouth, and Iceberg Rock (these are all in the video below). The Iceberg Rock fell from the Cavern Ceiling and it's a 200,000-ton rock you will see on the trail. The Big Room, is the largest single cave chamber by volume in North America. This 1.25 mile (2 km) trail is relatively flat, and will take about 1.5 hours (on average) to walk it. Actor and comedian Will Rogers called the cavern, "The Grand Canyon with a roof over it." You will be rewarded with spectacular views, cave formations of all shapes and sizes, and a rope ladder used by explorers in 1924. Parts of the Big Room Trail are wheelchair accessible. You can ask for more information about accessibility at the visitor center. I have included their Accessibility Brochure
The lighting system in the cavern is amazing! There are over 19 miles of wiring and 1,000 light bulbs through out the 3 miles you will walk to be able to see the amazing geological formations. I have never seen such different types of stalactites and stalagmites. At the very end you can take an elevator from the bottom of the cavern floor to 75 stories or 754 feet up to the visitor's center. The elevator trip takes one minute as the elevator travels 9 mph. The elevator shaft is 1.5 times the height of the Washington Monument. The first two elevators were created in 1931 and the second two in 1955. All were replaced in 1977.
After our amazing tour we headed to our boondocking campsite called Chosa Campground maintained by BLM. The Chosa Campground is a large, hard-packed, level gravel lot immediately off a paved road (Dillahunty Road). It is conveniently located about 7 miles south of Carlsbad Caverns National Park on US Route 180, this campground has three trash cans and is big rig friendly. We had a nice view of the Chihuahuan Desert and since we were there in the winter there were only 5 other rigs in the lot with us. The stars were out in full force and it was very quiet and serene. We hope you enjoy our virtual tour. Cheers!
Categories: COVID-19, full-time RVing, Travel, VanLife
Tagged as: boondocking, carlsbad caverns, caves, national park, new mexico
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Narvacan, Ilocos Sur (November 11) -- Government troops of the Army's 41st Infantry Battalion overran a big camp believed to be the headquarters of the New People's Army (NPA) operating in Cordillera region's provinces located near a mining site in the outskirt of Sitio Sap-al, Barangay Buneg, Lacub, Abra last Wednesday morning.
Before the discovery of the camp, the soldiers engaged a brief firefight with the NPA rebels. The army troopers were able to gain vantage ground position during the encounter which prompted the rebels to withdraw towards the forested area leaving behind some of their high powered firearms, personnel belongings, subversive documents and supplies.
Lieutenant Colonel Noel P Baluyan, commander of the Army's 41st Infantry Battalion, said in his report to Colonel Danny Pabunan, Commander of the Army's 503rd Brigade, that his troops recovered one M16 rifle, one shotgun rifle, several weapons accessories and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) like the three claymore mines.
Other items recovered were computer equipment and accessories; a Laptop computer, a Multi Media (In focus) Projector, a Computer printer, one Portable Amplifier, dozens of HH radio antennae, Handheld radio rechargeable batteries, one Guitar and assorted CDs, foodstuff and medicines, personal belongings and voluminous subversive documents with instructional tarpaulins and communist flags.
Baluyan disclosed that a mini hydro Dynamo was also recovered which the rebels' use as their source of electricity.
"With the discovery of the computer equipment and accessories, it shows that the rebels were conducting trainings with a big number of audiences," he said.
According to Baluyan, the local miners and civilians from the area have been bothered by the extortion activities of the NPA rebels that prompted them to report the presence of their encampment.
The encampment is the staging point of the NPA terrorists activities such as extortion of businessmen, mayors, sangguniang bayan members, barangay chairmen and peasant farmers in nearby villages and the whole province, he said.
"One of the informants from Lacub disclosed that the NPA terrorists did not care about the poor farmers in the area, they demanded rice from each household and worst they ordered the locals to carry the sacks of rice to encampment. No wonder, they had 12 sacks of rice stocked in the camp," he added.
He also said that the captured mini-hydro dynamo was said to have been donated by NGOs purposely for the remote barangays of Lacub that were not reached by the ABRECO power lines.
"The stockpile of medical supplies also indicates that they attempted to treat their wounded comrades from the recent skirmish at Licuan-Baay area last October 30. Follow-up reports after that skirmish stated that the NPA terrorists have brought their wounded at Lacub area for medication," he stressed.
Meanwhile, Lacub town mayor Estelita Bersamina disclosed during her press interview that her constituents are urging her to increase the security forces in the town to evict the NPA rebels there.
"We have always wanted those NPAs out of Lacub so that we can proceed with our programs in the barangays," she said.
For his part, Colonel Pabunan assured his full security support for the people of Lacub town.