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Diana's dress of the century: Mystery of the back-up wedding gown that vanished, how her waist shrank five inches in six months and a secret message in her shoes
By Sarah Rainey For The Daily Mail
Published: 20:12 EDT, 17 August 2017 | Updated: 06:01 EDT, 18 August 2017
The atmosphere, recalls Elizabeth Emanuel, was electric, even at six o'clock in the morning. 'Crowds were already amassing outside and we had to drive past the barricades, which made us feel terribly important.
'When we got inside Clarence House, where Diana had been living since her engagement to Charles, all the bridal party were there.
'Everyone was singing along to the adverts on TV, drinking orange juice and eating biscuits, and watching the festivities.
'I remember Judith Chalmers, who was presenting the BBC coverage, wondering what the dress would look like — and thinking: "We know!" '
Spectacular: Princess Diana is seen leaving St Paul's Cathedral in her wedding dress designed by Elizabeth and David Emanuel. It was the commission of a lifetime to make the dress of the century
For designers Elizabeth and David Emanuel, in their late 20s and not long out of fashion school, it was a career-defining moment.
Months earlier, in March 1981, Buckingham Palace had announced, to widespread surprise, that the Emanuels had been asked to design the dress Lady Diana Spencer would wear to marry Prince Charles.
It was the commission of a lifetime to make the dress of the century. And now, here they were, just hours from seeing Diana become a Princess in their history-making creation.
The dress had been delivered to Clarence House from their London studio the day before. Now, while Diana had her make-up and hair done, Elizabeth and David shook out the frothy lace and metres of silk.
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Proceedings ran to a tight schedule: the Emanuels were given clipboards with to-do lists and palace aides ran around issuing orders about when things were supposed to happen.
When the time came, they were ushered into a bedroom to dress the bride. First, Diana put on her petticoat, then her shoes, and finally the dress. Just as she was gazing at herself in the mirror, Elizabeth panicked that she hadn't done up the fastening on the petticoat, and David had to crawl underneath the skirts to check.
'It had a double hook to make sure it didn't fall off,' she explains. 'We wanted her to feel comfortable, but it also had to be secure.'
Just at that moment, the Queen Mother popped in to say hello to the bride, leaving David very flustered indeed.
PERFUME DISASTER SHE HID FROM WORLD
Diana was a fan of strong, almost masculine, perfumes and she never left home without a spritz of Diorissimo by Dior. But for her big day she chose something different: Quelques Fleurs, a delicate blend of rose, jasmine and tuberose, created in 1912 by chic Parisian perfume house Houbigant.
But having applied the scent to her neck and wrists, a nervous Diana then proceeded to spill a few drops on the front of her pristine dress.
'Liz and David Emanuel never found out about it,' explains make-up artist Barbara Daly. 'She said to me: "They'll kill me." I said: "They'll never know, there's so much fabric it will evaporate." She said: "Do you think if I just tuck the front in they'll never notice?"
And I said: "Yes, absolutely."' So, scrunching the damp fabric up in her hands, Diana made her way into the carriage and hoped for the best.
But the journey to St Paul's was shorter than she realised, and there was still a tell-tale patch on the dress.
As she emerged from the carriage, she kept the damp fabric tightly clasped in her hand. Thankfully, her huge, trailing bouquet covered all manner of sins — and no one knew.
Meanwhile, she had that train, the longest in royal history, to contend with. 'We wanted her to look like no princess had ever looked before,' says Elizabeth Emanuel. 'So we set out to discover the length of the longest royal wedding dress train there'd been, and discovered it was 23ft. We joked that we could go one better — in fact, two feet better — and make one that was 25ft. She loved the idea.'
The biggest problem was finding a space large enough for fitting it. The Brook Street studio was too cramped, so Diana drove the Emanuels to the Palace, where they were given Princess Anne's bedroom as a makeshift fitting room. They laid the calico mock-up of the train out in the corridor and all three marvelled at the sight. Diana practised walking up and down, gliding over the plush Palace carpet.
Having planned to make the train in the same silk as the dress, the Emanuels panicked that it was still too wide for the aisle at St Paul's. Armed with tape measures, they organised a secret visit to the cathedral to measure up — and found it fitted exactly.
Once the bridesmaids were dressed, they helped escort the bridal party down the grand staircase and into the carriage, folding the enormous train, concertina-style — 'like you would fold a bed sheet' — to ensure it didn't get crushed. It was a manoeuvre they'd spent hours practising.
Elizabeth and David then rushed to St Paul's, accompanied by a police escort, so they could arrive before the bride. In her handbag, Elizabeth had packed a bottle of smelling salts and some sugar tablets, in case Diana felt faint, but in the end it was the designer who needed the sugar to calm her own nerves.
Standing to one side of the cathedral entrance, they anxiously peered out until cheering crowds announced the arrival of the carriage. But as they watched Diana climb the steps, the Emanuels' hearts sank: the dress was noticeably crumpled.
'I remember whispering to David: "Oh my God, it's creased,"' she says. 'I thought: "We've got to straighten out that dress."
'In the tiny carriage, it had crumpled far more than we'd anticipated. We'd done a rehearsal, but not with her father, Earl Spencer, in the car, too — and he was quite a large man.
'It was a hot day, there was so much volume in the net and she was nervous, so she kept grabbing hold of it in her hands. Fortunately, we knew the fabric would pull out — that's why we were there.
'When she came out of that carriage, it was the most wonderful vision I'd ever seen. She looked like a butterfly emerging from her chrysalis, unfurling her wings and about to fly. It was so romantic. Oddly, the imperfections seemed to make her even more beautiful.' While the world watched on television, Elizabeth and David, with the help of the bridesmaids, smoothed out Diana's dress, adjusted her veil and spread out that astonishing train.
As Lady Diana walked down the aisle to the strains of the Prince of Denmark's March, the Emanuels were ushered to their seats.
Sitting behind a pillar, they could see little and didn't witness the full splendour of their creation until they saw it on the evening news.
Halfway through the ceremony, they got a tap on the shoulder: it was time to make their way to the Palace, where they would greet the new Princess of Wales and prepare her for the photographs.
Elizabeth and David, equipped with pins and an emergency sewing kit, checked the dress and helped arrange the veil for the official wedding portraits, which were taken by Lord Lichfield.
'One of the most amazing things was watching the balcony scene from behind,' Elizabeth says.
'It was a truly magical moment, being on the inside looking out as the crowds waved and cheered.' By the time the couple returned to their studio in Mayfair, it was late. 'It was eerily quiet,' Elizabeth recalls. 'We'd had this huge build-up and suddenly it was over.'
Around 6.30pm, just as the Emanuels were leaving the studio, the phone rang. To their surprise, it was Diana, thanking them one last time for making her dress. 'It meant so much. There she was, exhausted on the evening of her wedding, taking the time to call us. But that was her all over.'
It wasn't until the following day that, to her horror, Elizabeth remembered she had left a safety pin — temporarily fixing the petticoat in place — in the dress. Thankfully, under all the layers of net, tulle and silk, it had gone unnoticed by the thousands of wedding guests and millions of viewers worldwide.
The Emanuels' relationship with Diana began on January 8, 1981, with a phone call to their tiny Brook Street showroom. Crouched on her hands and knees, Elizabeth was busy dressing a client, so she yelled to one of her assistants to take the call.
On the line was a new customer asking Elizabeth if she would make her a dress for a friend's upcoming 21st birthday party. 'Debra' — as her name was mistakenly taken down — made an appointment for 2.30pm that afternoon.
Of course, 'Debra' was Diana, and when she arrived Elizabeth couldn't believe her eyes.
'I recognised her immediately. She'd been in the papers since she and Charles had started dating the previous year — but photographs didn't do her justice. I was immediately stuck by her height, her beautiful blue eyes and that flawless complexion.'
Diana was just 19, and with that appointment began a lifelong love affair with fashion. Over the following months, Elizabeth and David (who are now divorced but continue to work separately as designers) made several outfits for her, as she found her feet in the spotlight and sought to transform herself from young, shy nursery teacher to the fiancee of Prince Charles — and, at that time, the future Queen of England.
After the birthday gown came a pale pink, high-necked chiffon blouse, borrowed by the fashion team at Vogue magazine for a romantic shoot with Diana by Lord Snowdon, the publication of which coincided with her engagement.
Well-trained: Diana's dress designers, David and Elizabeth Emanuel, suddenly panicked that the 25ft train they envisaged for Diana's gown would be too wide for the aisle at St Paul's. They quietly visited the cathedral, armed with tape measures, to check there wouldn't be a hitch on the big day — luckily, it fitted perfectly
Another outfit the Emanuels designed for Diana — perhaps the most iconic before the wedding dress — was a strapless, figure-hugging black taffeta ballgown which she wore to London's Goldsmiths' Hall to mark her first appearance as Prince Charles's bride-to-be.
The next day, March 10, amid mounting speculation about who would design the royal wedding dress, the Palace announced that the Emanuels — whose taffeta creation had been splashed all over the papers — had won the contract that every designer in the country had been dreaming of. 'We'd actually been asked by Diana herself the previous week, and she'd already been in for a chat,' recalls Elizabeth, now 63 and with a studio of her own in upmarket Maida Vale.
Though the Emanuels' fledgling business was doing well — clients included Bianca Jagger and the Duchess of Kent — nothing could compare to designing a royal wedding dress.
HOW DIANA FOLLOWED THE TRADITIONAL RHYME
Something old . . .
Antique Carrickmacross lace, which had belonged to Queen Mary — wife of George V — was sewn into Diana's dress to mark her link with history. On her wedding day in 2011, the Duchess of Cambridge wore lace from the same piece of fabric.
Something new . . .
Her beautiful bespoke gown was her 'something new'.
Something borrowed . . .
Diana's two pieces of jewellery were both borrowed. On her head, she wore the sparkling Spencer tiara, a family heirloom dating from the 18th century and fashioned from hundreds of diamonds set in silver and mounted in gold.
The show-stopping leaf design featured stylised tulips, star shapes and scrolling foliage, swirling around a central heart. Feminine and romantic, it fitted perfectly with the fairytale theme of the wedding.
She wore it anchoring the main section of her veil, with her blusher veil attached separately to the front, to avoid it dragging over the top of her tiara.
Diana kept the veil down throughout the wedding ceremony, before asking her make-up artist to remove it when she had to sign the register.
Diana's other borrowed jewels were her dazzling diamond earrings, huge pear-shaped pendants on loan from her mother for her daughter's big day.
Something blue . . .
Elizabeth Emanuel sewed a tiny blue bow into Diana's waistband, invisible to all but those who knew to look for it.
There was another pale blue bow on her silk garter.
The Emanuels also decided to put a tiny horseshoe, made from 18-carat Welsh gold and studded with white diamonds, created by jeweller Douglas Buchanan, into the label of her dress.
'Nobody could see our private gift when the dress was being worn,' says Elizabeth. 'It was just there as a little token, a second good luck charm, from us to Diana.'
'From the minute she asked us, we knew nothing was going to be the same,' Elizabeth says.
But there was little time for celebration. Elizabeth's imagination went into overdrive. There was no direction from the Palace — other than the overriding need for discretion — and even less from Diana herself, then still so new to the world of fashion.
'I tracked down every book I could find on royal weddings from history: Queen Victoria; her daughter, Princess Beatrice; Queen Mary,' she explains. 'And I watched all my favourite old films: The Leopard, Gone With The Wind, Barry Lyndon. Inspiration came from everywhere.'
Elizabeth stuck cuttings and photographs into a large scrapbook, filled with romantic frills, flounces and fairytale bridal wear, which she still leafs through with pride today.
At Diana's first wedding meeting, she tried on a series of sample dresses — everything from slinky Twenties-style gowns to huge, bouffant petticoats with satin skirts and boned bodices — to get an idea of what she liked.
She settled on a sample much like the finished look: a dress with a big skirt, tiny waist and soft frills round the sleeves and shoulders.
Next time they met, the trio sat on the floor, cross-legged, poring over around 50 sketches Elizabeth had based on Diana's chosen silhouette. Diana had brought along her mother, Frances Shand Kydd, who rather sternly analysed the Emanuels' offerings.
'The carpet was covered in pencil drawings,' says Elizabeth. 'Diana and her mother both sat stunned and speechless for the first few minutes before they began examining the sketches.
'We held our breath for what seemed like for ever — and finally they broke into smiles. It didn't take long to pick the final design.'
They also settled on a colour: vintage-style, creamy ivory.
'This was so flattering to her English rose complexion,' Elizabeth explains. 'I find that white lace tends to look cheap. Ivory enhanced Diana's pale, natural beauty.'
The call went out to fabric producers, dressmakers and embroiderers nationwide that the Emanuels were looking for the raw materials for Diana's dress — and phone calls and letters began flooding the studio with offers of British textiles, sequins, pearls and jewels.
But rather than getting to work straight away, their first task was more practical: security. Ever since the news had broken that the Emanuels would be responsible for the dress, their studio had been besieged by journalists, photographers and TV crews desperate for a scoop.
Elizabeth and David installed blinds on their windows and manoeuvred a heavy-duty safe in through the first-floor window of their little mews building so they could lock up sketches and fabric swatches overnight.
'It sounds a bit over-the-top, but it really did seem like people would go to any lengths to find out what the dress looked like,' Elizabeth says.
Another tactic was to give Diana a pseudonym. Throughout this period, they dubbed her 'Debra', in memory of that first phone call, or 'Dorothy Cornwall', a moniker that now seems oddly prophetic given the title of Charles's second wife.
While there was constant hubbub outside the Emanuels' studio, activity inside was even more frenzied. Having outsourced the making of the shoes and the bouquet, and commissioned silk weavers and lace manufacturers — all home-grown, family-run companies — the Emanuels were left to concentrate on fittings with Diana.
The process was relatively straightforward, in theory at least. Elizabeth's sketch was turned into a pattern, which was cut out in calico — unbleached, unprocessed cotton — to make a mock-up of the dress, called a 'toile'.
Diana came to the studio, often with her mother in tow, and tried on the toile. Hovering around her with scissors, pins and fabric marker, the Emanuels would fit the pattern around her body as she twirled, laughed and chatted about the big day.
'She was always very ready to come to fittings,' Elizabeth says. 'And she never complained when we kept her standing in one position for hours.'
But the regular fittings were complicated by Diana's persistent weight loss.
Don't be nervous: Diana chats to five-year-old bridesmaid Clementine Hambro under the watchful eye of the Queen
At her first session with the Emanuels back in January 1981, her waist measured 29 in — reasonably healthy for a slim, 5 ft 10 in girl. But between the announcement of her engagement in February and the wedding in July, her waistline seemed to shrink daily.
By the big day, it was a tiny 23.5 inches. 'Every time she turned up for a fitting, she had lost more weight,' reveals Elizabeth.
'We put it down to nerves. But it did make it incredibly difficult for us to get on with making the dress. We had to keep taking the bodice in and changing the pattern. The last thing we wanted was to make it up in silk, then have to play around with that. Silk soon looks worn if you work it too much.'
There were five different versions of the bodice, each made to fit Diana's dwindling figure, before the silk version was cut just weeks before the big day. 'She was incredibly tiny by the end,' says Elizabeth. 'We literally sewed her into the dress. I suddenly got this fear of her train falling off as she was walking up the aisle. It would have been awful.'
Little did they — or the world — know that Diana's shrinking waist marked the start of a battle with eating disorders that would plague her for the rest of her life.
In the end, she came in for as many as 15 fittings — Elizabeth lost count, there were so many — to make sure every detail was just right. The bodice and skirt were made of lustrous ivory silk taffeta, and the trim on the bodice, sleeves and edges of the skirt was lace, overlaid with 10,000 pearls and 3mm mother-of-pearl sequins.
A taffeta bow was placed where the halves of her collar met, mirrored by bows and frothy lace at the ends of her sleeves. Underneath, Diana wore a huge petticoat made from more than 90 metres of tulle, a lightweight starched netting, which had to be 'trimmed' into shape rather like a head of hair.
Radiant: An excited Diana travels from Clarence House to St Paul's in the royal carriage, the Spencer tiara keeping her veil in place
There were another 140 metres of tulle in the veil, as well as a spare petticoat and an extra silk skirt which could be fitted over the original 'just in case she spilt something down herself on the day'. When they reached the final stages, it was all hands on deck.
Even so, the Emanuels began to worry that the intricate sequin-sewing was taking too long, so they called in a few favours: Elizabeth's mother and the mother of their PA, Caroline Slocock, pitched in to help with the embroidery.
'It was a real family affair. So much love went into that dress.'
Diana came for her final fitting a fortnight before the wedding — the first time she had laid eyes on the finished dress.
'It was suddenly very real. She was just so excited — you could see it in her eyes.'
After a top-secret rehearsal at St Paul's (minus the dress) on July 27, it was time to transport the gown to Clarence House.
'We were so paranoid about it all going wrong in the final hours,' says Elizabeth. 'We didn't trust anyone to drive us, so we hired a van. Even en route we were convinced we were being hijacked.
'We drove into Albemarle Street and a big cart pulled across the road and blocked us in. We thought: "That's it, it's a heist." But it was just the London traffic.'
Dress offloaded, the Emanuels returned to their studio, though they had to be back at Clarence House at 6am the next day. For the designer duo, the wedding represented an extraordinary achievement; a moment of high drama and excitement.
On August 6, they issued a bill for the dress to Diana's mother, for 1,000 guineas, £1,050 at the time (£4,140 today) — a token sum, as Diana usually paid full price for her clothes. In fact, the dress was then valued at £9,000 — £35,500 today.
As a result of their discretion and the close friendship forged at one of the most momentous times of Diana's life, the three remained close and the Emanuels continued to design dresses for royal tours.
'The last time I saw her was at the auction of her dresses at Christie's, two months before she died,' says Elizabeth. 'She seemed so happy. She'd grown up a lot since we first met her — that nervous, pretty young thing who had no idea about what suited her or what she liked to wear.
'By the end, Diana understood she didn't even have to say anything: her clothes spoke for her.
'She was an icon.'
Mystery of the back-up dress that vanished
As well as creating The Dress, the Emanuels were charged with making two more: one exact copy to go on display at Madame Tussauds, and another secret back-up wedding dress — Diana's second choice design — in case the real thing was discovered before the big day.
This second choice dress was very similar: a flattering, boned bodice, frilly sleeves and a full puffball skirt, but the design on the bodice was more of a V-shape, the sleeves were shorter and there was no lace edging on the skirt, making it altogether plainer.
'It was only three-quarters finished — we simply didn't have time to make it in its entirety, so none of the embroidery or finishing touches were done,' says Elizabeth.
Wedding party: Charles and Diana with Princes Andrew and Edward (back row); pageboys Lord Nicholas Windsor (far left) and Edward van Cutsem; and bridesmaids (l-r) Clementine Hambro, Catherine Cameron, India Hicks, Sarah-Jane Gaselee and Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones
Astonishingly, she admits she doesn't know what happened to the dress after the wedding.
'It was hanging up in the studio for a long time, and then it disappeared. I don't know if we sold it or put it into storage. It was such a busy time. I'm sure it'll turn up in a bag one day!'
Meanwhile, after the ceremony was over, the High Street was flooded with copies of the Emanuels' precious dress, the first of which appeared in Oxford Street shop windows at 3.30pm on the actual wedding day, just five hours after the press embargo on details of the gown and Elizabeth's sketches was lifted.
Ordinary brides could get their hands on a Diana rip-off for as little as £439 at Debenhams. 'There was so much embroidery and lace and detail in the original that the copies just couldn't match up,' says Elizabeth. 'Of course, we knew they were going to do it, but they didn't come close.'
THE SEVEN SEAMSTRESSES
Known as the 'Emanuel ladies', the designers' team of seven seamstresses spent weeks on the dress. In particular, head seamstress Nina Missetzis and her second-in-command, Rose Hoey, dedicated themselves full-time to it.
'Nina was Greek and couldn't speak very good English,' Elizabeth explains. 'Even when she started with us, she was already quite elderly and slightly stooped with really long, bony hands — the result of the many years she had spent dressmaking. She was extremely meticulous and a real perfectionist, and would work long hours hunched up over the sewing machine.'
Nina, who has sadly now passed away, never forgot her first meeting with Princess Diana: 'She was so sweet, so shy. When she first came to see me, she didn't want to take off her clothes so I could take her measurements. I told her if she didn't, the dress would be too big, so she did.
'As I was pinning the pattern to her, I could tell it was very new to her, to be fitted. When she tried on the gown for the first time, she got very emotional and cried.'
Rose Hoey, meanwhile, recalled an exchange during the train fitting at the Palace in April.
'I remember saying to Diana that it was amazing to think I was on the inside, having stood outside as a tourist so many times. She laughed and said we should go out on to the balcony and wave at all the people — and we did!'
Diana never forgot the devoted seamstresses who toiled day and night to perfect her dress.
Once, Elizabeth returned to the studio to find the Princess had sneaked up the stairs and into the attic where they were working to thank them personally for all their hard work. She even invited them to the wedding — 'suddenly everyone needed a new frock!' Elizabeth laughs.
HOME-GROWN MATERIALS
One of the most important factors for Elizabeth was the provenance of the dress materials.
'As soon as the news was announced, the phone started ringing off the hook with weavers, fabric specialists and embroiderers offering everything under the sun,' she explains. 'Our main focus was to make it as British as possible.'
They sourced the lace from Roger Watson, a family-run firm in Nottingham, which supplied £1,000 worth of material for the waist, hem and train.
The detailing was inspired by Diana's family coat of arms — featuring geometric shapes and scallop shells — and incorporated a square of antique Carrickmacross lace, an heirloom dating from the time of Queen Mary, donated by the Royal School of Needlework.
The silk came from Stephen Walters & Sons, a Suffolk weaver dating back to the 1700s, which has been run by the same family for ten generations.
'I heard that the Emanuels had got the job and wrote to them the next day,' explains David Walters, managing director at the time.
VICTORIAN FLOWER GIRL WHO INSPIRED BRIDESMAIDS
A Victorian postcard provided the inspiration for the bridesmaids' lace-trimmed dresses; the Emanuels' sketches; and five-year-old Clementine Hambro in the finished frock
Eager to stick to the British theme, they plundered all the raw silk they could from worms at Lullingstone silk farm in Kent. Sadly, there wasn't enough — 11,000 strands of raw silk were used — so they had to make up the difference with imported silk.
A team of 150 at Stephen Walters, which had also done Princess Anne's wedding dress and the silk lining for the Queen's Coronation robe, got to work immediately.
'It's a long-winded process,' David explains. 'You have to twist the threads, then dye it, then weave it on a loom. The weaving alone takes ten days; the whole thing took around eight weeks.'
Staff were sworn to secrecy and each worked on a different part of the dress so that no one knew what the finished design looked like. They produced two 41-metre rolls.
'The Emanuels thought it was a good idea to have a back-up in case someone spilt coffee on it.'
The fabric itself was an ivory-coloured, heavyweight taffeta.
David recalls: 'It had that crisp feel; proper crunchy taffeta, deliberately chosen for the look they wanted. The next time we saw it was on TV on the wedding day. We were all gathered round and when she got out of the car there was a collective gasp at how crushed it looked.
'But it wasn't a mistake — the Emanuels had wanted that fabric — and they soon straightened it out. The finished dress looked incredible. We felt very proud.' Though David and his staff never met Diana, they presented her with a pretty wooden box containing the silk worms used to make the material for her dress.
Unfortunately, reveals Elizabeth, 'they hatched not long afterwards — so we had to throw it away!'
THE BOISTEROUS BRIDESMAIDS
One of Elizabeth's most treasured memories from that time is a bridesmaids' fitting, when Lady Diana arrived at the studio accompanied by five boisterous girls on red roller-skates.
SECRET MESSAGE IN HER SHOES
The day after the news of the wedding dress commission was announced, Elizabeth Emanuel phoned celebrity cobbler Clive Shilton — the darling of fashion magazines in the Seventies for his handmade shoes and handbags — and asked him to come and meet a 'special client'.
Based in Covent Garden at the time, Clive made the short trip to Brook Street, where Diana was standing on a stool waiting to have her feet measured.
The bridal shoes with their handpainted soles
'She was a very shy, sweet, smiley-eyed young girl,' he recalls. 'Her main concern was that she wouldn't appear taller than Prince Charles, and because she was very tall — 5ft 10in — the shoes would have to have a low heel.'
Clive remains incredibly discreet and refuses to reveal the Princess's shoe size (thought to be a 6.5). He began by making his own 'last' — the wooden mould around which shoes are made — as even this couldn't be outsourced in case word got out. Though he never saw the dress, the Emanuels sent him the silk they were using, hoping he might be able to make the shoes from the same fabric.
'It was too fine — it would have crumpled across the instep,' he says. 'Instead, the weavers came up with a heavier silk satin.
'We then covered them in 542 sequins and 132 pearls.'
Clive devised various trims for the front of the shoes and presented them to Diana, who chose a heart-shaped design.
The shoes arches were painted with a secret romantic message: the letters 'C' and 'D'
The soles were soft suede so she wouldn't slip, and the arches were painted with a secret romantic message: the letters 'C' and 'D', entwined around a heart.
'No one even saw the bottom of the shoes, but it was important to us that they looked fantastic,' says Clive. 'You would have seen much more of them if she'd tripped!'
From start to finish, it took six months to make the shoes, and every single person in Clive's workshop, including the cleaner, helped put a tack or a spot of glue on the final pair.
Clive refuses to say how much Diana paid, but admits he charged 'a basic price'.
Press reports from the time say there was a dispute over the bill, and her mother, Frances Shand Kydd, refused to pay.
No matter, however, as Clive sold one of the spare pairs at auction for £36,000 in 2011.
They proceeded to whizz around the room in their toile dresses, making Diana, Elizabeth and the seamstresses fall about laughing.
Diana's five bridesmaids were: Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones (now Chatto), the eldest at 17 and Princess Margaret's daughter; India Hicks, 13, Prince Charles's goddaughter; Sarah-Jane Gaselee, 11, whose father was Charles's horse trainer; Catherine Cameron, six, another goddaughter; and Clementine Hambro, a petite, blonde five-year-old and a pupil at the nursery where Diana worked. Inspired by a postcard she had been sent by a friend, depicting a Victorian flower girl with a ballerina-length dress, ribbon sash and pretty floral bouquet, Elizabeth had plenty of ideas for frocks.
'Although we wanted to keep the style of the bridesmaids' dresses romantic, historical and very pretty, like Diana's own gown, we were also keen to make them a bit different from each other, as was appropriate for their different ages,' Elizabeth explains.
All were made from the same colour silk as Diana's dress, but of a slightly lighter weight, with fitted bodices, net petticoats and ruffled skirts trimmed with lace, tiny pearls and sequins.
While the two youngest had ruffled, flouncy styles, the two middle girls had more sophisticated collars — and Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones, the eldest, had a sleeker, straighter skirt.
Florist Edward Goodyear designed white and gold flower baskets for them to carry, with pretty floral circlets for the heads of the four youngest. Round their waists, each wore a gold silk sash, inspired by the Mountbatten roses in Diana's bouquet, and on their feet were matching gold shoes.
India Hicks, now 49 and a former model with her own lifestyle brand, has said her first reaction on being asked to be a bridesmaid was one of 'horror'. She recalled: 'I was a tomboy from rural Oxfordshire, never out of jodhpurs. I was horrified — I was going to have to wear a dress.'
She first met Diana at a fitting and says she was 'more like a head girl than a princess-in-waiting'.
'Frill after frill, pin after pin, hour after hour, we stood silently . . . Although I found all those petticoats, puffed sleeves and bows hard to forgive, it was an intimate and informal time with Diana.'
Together with Sarah Armstrong-Jones, India was charged with the far-from-straightforward task of carrying Diana's train. 'Manipulating that much taffeta and antique lace in and out of the small state carriages posed considerable complications,' she said.
'We practised first with a long dust cloth tied to Diana's waist. She stood patiently as we were shown how to fold and unfold the fabric.' Having arrived at Clarence House at 7.30 am on the wedding day, the bridesmaids recall a fun, girly morning: Diana rushing around in a pair of old jeans, the Spencer tiara balanced on her head, smiling as she watched footage of herself on TV.
'During one commercial break, an advert for Cornetto ice cream came on, and she started singing,' India recalled. 'Soon we all joined in. "Just one Cornnnneeetttoo" could be heard from the top floor.'
Clementine Hambro, known as the 'sobbing bridesmaid', after a photograph of Diana helping her up when she fell over and banged her head at the Palace became famous, remembers little — but she was only knee-high at the time.
'Disappointingly,' she says, 'my recollections of the actual service are of achingly tired legs, of desperately wanting to sit down when we were not allowed to, and of doggedly staring at my little gold shoes . . . determined not to step on that magnificent train.'
After the ceremony, the bridesmaids relished travelling in the royal carriage past crowds throwing confetti that landed in the laps of their dresses.
Back at the Palace, the two eldest helped Diana change into her going-away outfit, and all five gathered to wave her off.
'Though the Princess smiled all day, she was suffering from a crushing headache,' revealed Sarah-Jane Gaselee — who admitted in 2015 that she 'bitterly regretted' selling her dress for £11,000. 'As we stepped out on to the balcony, she complained her tiara was killing her, it was so heavy.'
PARASOL THAT WAS NEVER USED
The weather forecast for the wedding day wasn't great — grey with a risk of showers, warned the BBC — and so Elizabeth felt it would be wise to have an umbrella to hand, just in case.
A month or so before the wedding, she nipped into Phillips auction house — a few doors down from the couple's studio on Brook Street — and picked up a pair of antique silk parasols with wooden handles.
'We covered them in white and ivory fabric — two colours so no one would know which matched her dress,' explains Elizabeth.
'They were then trimmed with the same lace as the dress and hand-embroidered with tiny pearls and sequins.'
On the morning of the royal wedding, the ivory parasol was tucked inside the carriage that would take the bride to St Paul's — on Diana's father's side — so he could keep his daughter dry if the skies opened.
Mercifully, they didn't; it turned out to be quite a dry, pleasant day and the parasol remained out of sight.
'It was probably a good thing,' laughs Elizabeth. 'It was made of such light material that it certainly wasn't waterproof — it wouldn't have done her much good!'
The umbrella ended up being exhibited at Madame Tussauds along with the replica of Diana's extraordinary dress.
Diana's high fashion honeymoon looks
Diana's transformation from shy young Sloane to resplendent Princess complete, her honeymoon wardrobe was a chance to show just how ready she was to embrace her new public role.
Prince Charles had planned a sedate sojourn at Broadlands estate in Hampshire, followed by 14 days on a Mediterranean cruise, finishing at Balmoral Castle in Scotland.
Going away: Diana chose a cantaloupe-coloured Bellville Sassoon outfit teamed with Manolo Blahnik stilettos and a feathered John Boyd hat
Shorts and sweet: One memorable outfit by Japan's Kenzo Takada was caught while Diana was on Britannia, a pintucked, cotton, balloon-sleeved blouse with matching Bermuda shorts.
The itinerary may not have been exciting, but Diana was determined to wow the world with a showstopping wardrobe. She planned her honeymoon with the help of Felicity Clark, then beauty editor at Vogue and a friend of her sister.
Diana chose a cantaloupe-coloured silk dress as her going-away outfit. Made by Bellville Sassoon, it was a classic 'new bride' look, teamed with Manolo Blahnik stilettos and a feathered John Boyd hat.
She flew to the Royal Yacht Britannia in a floral white silk dress by Donald Campbell and a cashmere coat from Courtenay House in Brook Street, Mayfair.
The young Princess looked relaxed and happy as she posed at the door of the plane at Southampton airport.
Flower power: Diana wore a Donald Campbell silk dress and cashmere coat from Courtenay House in Mayfair for a flight to the Royal Yacht Britannia as part of her honeymoon
Cameras were banned on board Britannia, but one memorable outfit by Japan's Kenzo Takada was caught: a pintucked, cotton, balloon-sleeved blouse with matching Bermuda shorts.
'At the time of her marriage, she was very young very natural and romantic,' Kenzo has said. 'The image that I have of her has always been one of tenderness, colour and joie de vivre.'
Princess Diana's wedding dress by Elizabeth Emanuel
I gasped in horror when she got out of the carriag...
by Dragonmummy 922


text:
Calgary Flames, National Hockey League team, Canadian ice hockey teams, National Hockey League teams
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Stanley Cups
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flames.nhl.com
The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. They are members of the Northwest Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The club is the third major-professional ice hockey team to represent the city of Calgary, following the Calgary Tigers (1921–26) and Calgary Cowboys (1975–77).
The Flames arrived in the city of Calgary in 1980 after spending their first eight seasons in Atlanta, Georgia, as the Atlanta Flames. The Flames spent their first three seasons playing in the Stampede Corral before moving into their current home arena, the Olympic Saddledome (now Pengrowth Saddledome), in 1983. The Calgary Flames have an agreement to manage the Olympic Saddledome until July 2014.[1] In 1986, the Flames became the first Calgary team since the Tigers in 1924 to compete for the Stanley Cup. In 1989, the Flames captured the Cup for the first time.
Calgary is one of two NHL franchises in Alberta, with the other being the Edmonton Oilers. The cities' proximity has led to a famous rivalry, known as the Battle of Alberta. Games between the teams are often heated events.[2][3]
Franchise history Edit
Atlanta Edit
Main article: Atlanta Flames
The Flames were the result of the NHL's first pre-emptive strike against the upstart World Hockey Association.[4] In December 1971, the NHL hastily granted a team to Long Island—the New York Islanders—to keep the WHA's New York Raiders out of the brand new Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum. This came less than a year after the Vancouver Canucks and Buffalo Sabres joined the league. Needing another team to balance the schedule, the NHL awarded a team to an Atlanta-based group that owned the National Basketball Association's Atlanta Hawks, headed by prominent local real estate developer Tom Cousins.[5] Cousins named the team the "Flames" after the fire resulting from the March to the Sea in the American Civil War by General William Tecumseh Sherman, in which Atlanta was nearly destroyed. They played home games in the Omni Coliseum in downtown Atlanta.[6]
Tom Lysiak (l.) celebrates with teammates after a goal against the Colorado Rockies in 1978
The Flames were relatively successful early on. Under head coaches Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion, Fred Creighton and Al MacNeil, the Flames made the playoffs in six of eight seasons in Atlanta.[7] In marked contrast, their expansion cousins, the Islanders, won only 31 games during their first two years in the league combined.[8] This relative success would not translate in the playoffs, however, as the Flames won only two post-season games during their time in Atlanta.[9]
Despite the on-ice success, the Atlanta ownership was never on sound financial footing. Fletcher said years later that Cousins' initial financial projections for an NHL team did not account for the WHA entering the picture.[10][11] The Flames were also a poor draw, and failed to sign a major television contract.[6]
In 1980, Cousins was in considerable financial difficulty and was forced to sell the Flames to stave off bankruptcy. With few serious offers from local groups, he was very receptive to an offer from a group of Calgary businessmen fronted by Canadian entrepreneur (and former Oilers owner) Nelson Skalbania.[6] A last-ditch effort to keep the team in Atlanta fell short, and Cousins sold the team to Skalbania for $16 million. a record sale price for an NHL team at the time.[11] On May 21, 1980, Skalbania announced that the team would move to Calgary.[12] He chose to retain the Flames name, feeling it would be a good fit for an oil town like Calgary, while the flaming "A" logo was replaced by a flaming "C".[13] Skalbania sold his interest in 1981, and the Flames have been locally owned since.[14]
1980–1985 Edit
The Flames moved into the Olympic Saddledome in 1983.
Unlike the WHA's Calgary Cowboys, who folded three years previous, the Flames were immediately embraced by the city of Calgary. While the Cowboys could manage to sell only 2,000 season tickets in their final campaign of 1976–77, the Flames sold 10,000 full- and half-season ticket packages in the 7,000 seat Stampede Corral.[15]
Led by Kent Nilsson's 49-goal, 131-point season, the Flames qualified for the playoffs in their first season in Calgary with a 39–27–4 record, good for third in the Patrick Division.[16] The team found much greater playoff success in Calgary than it did in Atlanta, winning their first two playoff series over the Chicago Black Hawks and Philadelphia Flyers before bowing out to the Minnesota North Stars in the semi-finals.[17] This early success was not soon repeated. After a losing record in 1981–82, General Manager Cliff Fletcher jettisoned several former Atlanta players who couldn't adjust to the higher-pressure hockey environment and rebuilt the roster.[18][11] Over the next three seasons, he put together a core of players that would remain together through the early 1990s.
Fletcher's efforts to match the Oilers led him to draw talent from areas previously neglected by the NHL. The Flames were among the earliest teams to sign large numbers of U.S. college players, including Joel Otto, Gary Suter and Colin Patterson.[19] Fletcher also stepped up the search for European hockey talent, acquiring Hakan Loob and other key players. He was among the first to draft players from the Soviet Union, including HC CSKA Moscow star Sergei Makarov in 1983, but Soviet players were not released to Western teams until 1989.[20] Still, the team was sufficiently improved to challenge the Oilers, who required the maximum seven games to defeat the Flames en route to their 1984 Stanley Cup Championship.[21]
In 1983, the Flames moved into their new home, the Olympic Saddledome (now known as the Pengrowth Saddledome). Located on the grounds of the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede, the Saddledome was built as a venue for the 1988 Winter Olympics. In three seasons in the Corral, the Flames lost only 32 home games.[12] In 1985, the Flames hosted the 37th NHL All-Star Game, a 6–4 victory by the Wales Conference.[22]
The players acquired by Fletcher matured into one of the strongest teams in the league during the mid-1980s and early 1990s. From 1984-85 to 1990-91, the Flames tallied 90 points in every season but one. [23] However, they were usually unable to transfer that success into a deep playoff run, largely because they were unable to get the better of their provincial rivals, the powerhouse Oilers. The NHL's playoff structure of the time made it very likely that the Flames would meet the Oilers in either the first or second round, rather than in the conference finals.[11] From 1983 until 1990, either the Oilers or the Flames represented the Campbell Conference in the Stanley Cup Finals.[24]
By 1986 the Flames had landed forwards Doug Risebrough, Lanny McDonald, and Dan Quinn, defenceman Al MacInnis, and goaltender Mike Vernon. Finishing second in the Smythe with a 40–31–6 record (the only season from 1984 to 1991 in which they did not finish with 90 or more points),[16] the Flames swept the Winnipeg Jets in the first round of the playoffs,[21] setting up a showdown with the Oilers. Edmonton finished 30 points ahead of Calgary during the season, and was heavily favoured to win a third Cup in a row. However, the Flames upset the Oilers in seven games, with the series-winning goal coming at the hands of Oilers' rookie Steve Smith as he accidentally shot the puck off of goaltender Grant Fuhr's leg and into his own net.[25] The goal remains one of the most legendary blunders in hockey history.[26][27][28]
From there, the Flames went on to defeat the St. Louis Blues in another seven game series. This time, Calgary had to survive a scare of its own, shaking off the Monday Night Miracle at the St. Louis Arena. Doug Wickenheiser scored in overtime to cap off a comeback from 5–2 down with 10 minutes to play in the third period in game six, forcing the Flames to a seventh game.[29] Calgary would win game seven at home, 2–1, advancing into the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time.[21] In the Cup Finals, the Flames proved to be no match for the Montreal Canadiens, losing in five games. Montreal rookie goaltender Patrick Roy was nearly unstoppable in the last two games, allowing only four goals en route to winning the Conn Smythe Trophy.
The Flames followed up their run to the Finals with their best regular seasons in team history. Calgary's 46–31–3 record in 1986–87 was good for third overall in the NHL.[30] However, the Flames were unable to duplicate their playoff success of a year prior, losing their first round match-up with the Jets in six games. The season was also difficult off the ice, as 1986 first round draft pick George Pelawa was killed in a car accident prior to the season's start.[31]
The Flames recorded their first 100-point season in 1987–88, earning the Presidents' Trophy for having the league's best record and ending the Oilers' six-year reign atop the Smythe Division in the process.[32] However, they were swept by the Oilers in the second round of the playoffs.[21] Joe Nieuwendyk became the second rookie in league history to score 50+ goals, earning the Calder Memorial Trophy as rookie of the year.[33] Looking to bolster the line-up for a playoff run, the Flames dealt young sniper Brett Hull, along with Steve Bozek, to the Blues for Rob Ramage and Rick Wamsley on March 7, 1988.[34] Their playoff frustrations continued, however, when after defeating the Los Angeles Kings in five games, Calgary was swept out of the playoffs in four straight by the Oilers.[21]
Calgary's 1988–89 Championship banner hangs alongside Lanny McDonald's retired jersey.
In 1988–89, the Flames continued to improve. They captured their second consecutive Presidents' Trophy with a franchise record 117 points, finishing 26 points better than the second-place Kings in the Smythe Division.[35] Fletcher continued to tinker with the roster, acquiring Doug Gilmour as part of a six player deal at the trade deadline. In the playoffs, the Flames were stretched to seven games in the first round by the Canucks, relying on several saves by goaltender Mike Vernon, including a famous glove save off a Stan Smyl breakaway in overtime. The save remains a defining moment in Flames history.[36] Joel Otto would score the winning goal.
The Flames then made short work of the Kings, defeating them in four straight, before eliminating the Chicago Blackhawks in five games to set up a rematch of the 1986 Stanley Cup Finals against Montreal. This time, the Flames won in six games, the last being a 4–2 victory in Montreal on May 25, 1989.[21] The clinching win was especially significant in that it marked the only time that an opposing team defeated the Canadiens to win the Stanley Cup on Montreal Forum ice.[37] Al MacInnis captured the Conn Smythe Trophy as playoffs most valuable player,[38] while long-time captain Lanny McDonald announced his retirement.[37] The 1989 Stanley Cup win gave Flames co-owner, Sonia Scurfield, the distinction of being the first (and only) Canadian woman to have her name engraved on the Stanley Cup.
In 1989, thanks in part to Cliff Fletcher's diplomatic efforts, the Soviets finally gave permission for a select group of Soviet hockey players to sign with NHL teams. The first of these players was Sergei Pryakhin. Although Pryakhin never became an NHL regular, his arrival blazed a trail for the large number of Russian players who entered the NHL beginning in 1989–90.[20] Sergei Makarov joined the Flames that season and, though already in his thirties, became the fifth Flame to win the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's Rookie of the Year. The selection would prove controversial, prompting the league to amend the rules to exclude any player over the age of 26 from future consideration.[39]
Calgary's alternate logo, 1999–2007
In 1991, Fletcher left the Flames to become the general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs. He had been the team's general manager since its inception in 1972.[40] He was succeeded in Calgary by Doug Risebrough, and the two quickly completed a ten player mega-trade that saw disgruntled forward Doug Gilmour dealt to Toronto with four other players for former 50 goal scorer Gary Leeman and four others.[34] The trade transformed both clubs. The formerly inept Leafs turned into a contender almost immediately, while Leeman scored only eleven goals in a Flames uniform.[41] Despite the blossoming of Theoren Fleury into an NHL star, the Flames missed the playoffs entirely in 1992, only a year after finishing with their third 100-point season in franchise history. It was the first time the Flames had missed the playoffs since 1975, when they were still in Atlanta. It was also only the third time out of the playoffs in the franchise's 20-year history.[21]
Jarome Iginla was one of the team's few bright spots during its seven year playoff drought
Calgary rebounded to make the playoffs for the next four seasons, including two consecutive division titles. However, they failed move past the first round of the playoffs each time. The 1994 and 1995 Division titles led to Game 7 home defeats in the opening round to the Canucks, and then the San Jose Sharks, both lost in Double overtime. In the 1995-96 Season, Nieuwendyk would hold out and was later traded to the Dallas Stars in a deal that acquired Jarome Iginla. Iginla would make his Flames debut in the 1996 postseason, but the Flames again were beaten in the opening round again, this time in a four game sweep by the Chicago Blackhawks. In 1997, only two years after winning their second consecutive division title, the Flames missed the playoffs and would not return for seven years.[21] The low point came in the 1997-98 season, in which the Flames finished with only 67 points--the second-lowest point total in franchise history[42] (and only two points below the 1972-73 Atlanta Flames)[6].
During this time, the Flames found it increasingly difficult to hold onto their best players, as salaries escalated while the Canadian Dollar lost value against the American Dollar.[43] The NHL's small-market Canadian teams found it increasingly difficult to compete in the new environment.[44] In 1999, for example, the Flames traded Fleury to the Colorado Avalanche midway through the season.[34] The trade came shortly after Fleury became the franchise's all-time leading scorer [45] (a rank he still held as of the beginning of the 2007-08 season. Jarome Iginla passed this mark on March 10, 2008 in a game against the St. Louis Blues). Fleury was due to become an unrestricted free agent at the end of the season, and the Flames didn't want to risk losing him without getting anything in return.[46]
As the Flames sank in the standings, their attendance also sagged. For most of their first 16 years in Calgary, Flames tickets were among the toughest in the NHL. However, by 1999, attendance had fallen off so severely that the owners issued an ultimatum--buy more season tickets or the team would join its departed counterparts in Winnipeg and Quebec City in leaving for the United States. The fans responded by buying enough season tickets to keep the Flames in Calgary for the 2000-01 season.[11] However, the Flames were forced to issue another appeal for more season tickets in the summer of 2000. [47] The campaign, aimed at increasing season ticket sales from a franchise low of 8,700 to 14,000, proved successful.[48] The increased sales did not halt the Flames' financial losses, however, as the team estimated it lost $14.5 million between 2001 and 2003.[43]
One of the few bright spots in this stretch was Iginla, who captured the Rocket Richard and Art Ross Trophies in 2001–02 as NHL goal- and point-scoring champion after scoring 52 goals and 96 points. Iginla again won the Rocket Richard Trophy, tied with Rick Nash and Ilya Kovalchuk, with 41 goals in 2003–04.[49] Another bright spot for the team during this time was defenceman Robyn Regehr who became the youngest nominee ever for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy, which recognizes perseverance, sportsmanship and dedication to hockey. Regehr had suffered two broken legs in a car accident the summer of 1999, but recovered in time to play 57 games at the age of 19.[50]
During the 2002–03 season, the Flames hired Darryl Sutter as the team's head coach, replacing Greg Gilbert, who was fired as the Flames languished in last place in the Western Conference.[51] Sutter also became the team's general manager following the season, and is credited with revitalizing the franchise.[52] Among Sutter's first moves was to acquire goaltender Miikka Kiprusoff, whom he had previously coached in San Jose, early in the 2003–04 season.[53] Kiprusoff responded by setting a modern NHL record for lowest goals against average at 1.69.[54]
2004–present Edit
After seven consecutive seasons of not making the playoffs, the Flames finally returned to the post-season in 2004. The Flames became the first team in NHL history to defeat three division champions[55] en route to becoming the first Canadian team in a decade to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals.[56] The Flames' first victim was the Northwest Division champion Vancouver Canucks, whom they defeated in seven games. It was the Flames' first playoff series win since they won the 1989 final.[57]
The Flames then upset the Detroit Red Wings, who had garnered the league's best record, in six games. After eliminating the Pacific Division champs, the San Jose Sharks, in six games in the Western Conference Final, the Flames earned a trip to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals to face the Tampa Bay Lightning. The Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C., flew the Flames flag beside the Flag of Canada,[58] while Prime Minister Paul Martin dubbed the Flames "Canada's team".[59]
The final series went to seven games, with the Flames suffering a controversial non-goal in game six at home. Replays showed that Martin Gelinas came close to scoring what would have been the go-ahead goal late in the third period; however, the referees never signaled a goal, and later replays were ruled inconclusive. The Lightning would go on to win the game in double overtime,[60] before winning game seven at home to capture the Stanley Cup. Despite the loss, 30,000 fans packed into Olympic Plaza to celebrate the Flames run.[61]
The Flames would not raise their Western Conference championship banner for nearly 15 months, as the 2004–05 season was wiped out by a labour dispute. During the lockout, team owner and Chairman of the Board, Harley Hotchkiss, attempted to save the season by engaging in discussions with National Hockey League Players Association president Trevor Linden.[62] While their discussions failed to save the season, Hotchkiss was credited with easing tensions that allowed for a successful negotiation of a new collective bargaining agreement.[63]
Calgary's Daymond Langkow moves in on Mike Weaver of the Los Angeles Kings, December 21, 2005
The Flames played their 25th season in Calgary in 2005–06, finishing with 103 points. It was their best total since the 1989 Cup winning season, and good enough to capture their first division title in 12 years. However, the Flames lost to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in seven games during the first round of the playoffs. Miikka Kiprusoff captured both the William M. Jennings Trophy and the Vezina Trophy as the NHL's top goaltender, while defenceman Dion Phaneuf set a franchise record for goals by a rookie blue-liner with 20.[64]
The 2006 off-season began with a trade for Alex Tanguay, formerly of the Colorado Avalanche,[65] and with Darryl Sutter relinquishing his head coaching position to assistant Jim Playfair so he could focus on his duties as general manager.[66] Despite a marked improvement in team offence and a solid 96-point season, the Flames were pushed into eighth place in the Western Conference, largely because seven teams in the West finished with over 100 points. In the playoffs, Calgary fell in six games to the top seeded Detroit Red Wings in the first round. During the series, the Flames were fined by the NHL for several stick-related penalties in the fifth game. Notably, backup goaltender Jamie McLennan was suspended five games for slashing Red Wings forward Johan Franzén.[67] Franzén would score the series clinching goal in the Game 6 defeat in Double Overtime.
Prior to the start of the 2007–08 season, the Flames demoted Playfair to associate coach, bringing in Mike Keenan as the team's third head coach in three years.[68] During the season, Jarome Iginla became the Flames' all-time leader in games played, passing Al MacInnis' mark of 803. Iginla also passed Theoren Fleury's mark of 364 goals to become the Flames all-time goal scoring leader on March 10, 2008. Despite a solid 94-point season and 7th place seed in the western conference, they fell in the quarterfinals to the Pacific Division champs, the San Jose Sharks, in 7 games.[69]
Community impact Edit
Flames Foundation Edit
The Flames have maintained an active presence in the community since their arrival in Calgary. Through the team's non-profit charity, the Flames Foundation, the team has donated over $29 million to causes throughout southern Alberta.[70] Along with the Rotary Club, the Flames are helping to fund the first children's hospice in Alberta, and one of only six in North America.[71]
The Flames are also close partners with the Alberta Children's Hospital. Among the many activities the Flames participate in, the Wheelchair Hockey Challenge with the Townsend Tigers has remained a highly popular tradition for both the players and the children involved. In 2007, the Tigers defeated the Flames 10–9, to move to a perfect 26–0 record since the challenge was first instituted in 1981.[72]
Red Mile Edit
Main article: Red Mile
During the Flames' run to the Stanley Cup Finals of 2004, the city of Calgary essentially became the host of a "non-stop party". The 17th Avenue SW entertainment district, which runs west from the Pengrowth Saddledome, saw as many as 35,000 fans pack the streets during the first three rounds of the playoffs,[43] and over 60,000 in the finals.[73] The Red Mile party received widespread coverage in newspapers across North America,[74] as the parties remained peaceful and incidents were minimal despite the large number of people in a small area.[75]
The C of Red
In April 2006, the Calgary Police Service announced that Red Mile gatherings would not be encouraged, and that measures would be taken to discourage them, including traffic diversions, a zero-tolerance policy on noise and rowdy behaviour, and the presence of plain-clothed officers among the crowd to ticket offenders.[76] After meeting with the Chief of Police, Mayor Dave Bronconnier convinced the Calgary Police Service to relax their ban on the "Red Mile" and encouraged people to make their way to 17th Ave, however the police retained their zero-tolerance policy on public nudity and drunkenness.[75]
The "C of Red" Edit
During the Flames' run to the Stanley Cup Finals of 2004, most of the Flames fans attending the hockey games at the Saddledome wore a red jersey with Calgary's flaming C on it.[43] Sales of the Flames red home jersey, introduced at the start of the 2003–04 campaign, were so strong during the playoffs that the team set a league record for sales of a new jersey design.[77] The tradition of the C of Red dates back to the 1986 Stanley Cup playoffs against the Oilers. Oiler fans were donning hats promoting "Hat Trick Fever" in their quest for three straight Stanley Cups. Flames fans countered by wearing red. In the 1987 playoffs against the Winnipeg Jets, the Jets responded to the C of Red by encouraging fans to wear white, creating the Winnipeg White Out.[78]
Team colours and mascot Edit
Logo Edit
Original jerseys, used 1980–1994
The Flames primary logo is the "Flaming C" design, introduced when the team came to Calgary in 1980. The design of the logo has remained constant since it was created, though the Flames use a different coloured logo for the home and away jerseys. From 1980 until 2000, the home logo was red on a white background, while the road logo was white on a red background. In 2003, the NHL switched to using coloured jerseys for the home team. The home logo became black, with the road logo red on a white background. The original "Flaming A" logo of the Atlanta Flames has been restored for use as a patch denoting the team's alternate captains. The flaming horse logo was retired in 2007 with the introduction of the new Rbk Edge jerseys.[79]
Jerseys Edit
Second design, used 1994–2000
The Flames' original jerseys used red and orange striping. In 1994, the Flames added black to the team's colour scheme, while also adding a diagonal stripe from the base of the jersey to below the logo. In 1998, to celebrate the "Year of the Cowboy", the Flames introduced their third jersey design, the "flaming horse" logo on a black background.[80] Two years later, the jersey became the Flames road jersey, while the home jersey was updated to incorporate the same V-style striping on the arms and waist of the jersey. This jersey was once again relegated to third jersey status in 2003 when the NHL adopted the coloured jerseys for the home team.[81] In 2007, with the introduction of the Rbk Edge jersey, the Flames updated their look once again, replacing the horizontal striping with vertical striping down the sides. To honour the team's heritage, the Flames added the flags of Alberta and Canada as shoulder patches.[79]
Mascot Edit
Main article: Harvey the Hound
Harvey the Hound is the Flames' mascot. He was created in 1983 to serve both with the Flames and the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League.[82] Harvey was the first mascot in the NHL.[82] Harvey is famous for an incident in January 2003 where he had his tongue ripped out by Edmonton Oilers head coach Craig MacTavish as he was harassing their bench.[83] The incident made headlines throughout North America and led to much humour, including having many other NHL team mascots arrive at the 2003 All-Star Game with their tongues hanging out.[84]
Season-by-season history Edit
Stanley Cup Champions Presidents' Trophy Clarence S. Campbell Trophy Division Champions
Regular season[85]
Postseason[86]
T[87]
OT[88]
Relocated from Atlanta
1980–81 Campbell Patrick 3rd 80 39 27 14 — 92 329 298 16 9 7 55 60 Won in Preliminary Round, 3–0 (Black Hawks)
Won in Quarterfinals, 4–3 (Flyers)
Lost in Semifinals, 2–4 (North Stars)
1981–82 Campbell Smythe 3rd 80 29 34 17 — 75 334 345 3 0 3 5 10 Lost in Division Semifinals, 0–3 (Canucks)
1982–83 Campbell Smythe 2nd 80 32 34 14 — 78 321 317 9 4 5 30 49 Won in Division Semifinals, 3–1 (Canucks)
Lost in Division Finals, 1–4 (Oilers)
1983–84 Campbell Smythe 2nd 80 34 32 14 — 82 311 314 11 6 5 41 46 Won in Division Semifinals, 3–1 (Canucks)
1984–85 Campbell Smythe 3rd 80 41 27 12 — 94 363 302 4 1 3 13 15 Lost in Division Semifinals, 1–3 (Jets)
1985–86 Campbell Smythe[89] 2nd 80 40 31 9 — 89 354 315 22 12 10 81 69 Won in Division Semifinals, 3–0 (Jets)
Won in Division Finals, 4–3 (Oilers)
Won in Conference Finals, 4–3 (Blues)
Lost in Stanley Cup Finals, 1–4 (Canadiens)
1986–87 Campbell Smythe 2nd 80 46 31 3 — 95 318 289 6 2 4 15 22 Lost in Division Semifinals, 2–4 (Jets)
1987–88 Campbell Smythe 1st 80 48 23 9 — 105 397 305 9 4 5 41 36 Won in Division Semifinals, 4–1 (Kings)
Lost in Division Final, 0–4 (Oilers)
1988–89 Campbell Smythe[89] 1st 80 54 17 9 — 117 354 226 22 16 6 81 55 Won in Division Semifinals, 4–3 (Canucks)
Won in Division Finals, 4–0 (Kings)
Won in Conference Finals, 4–1 (Blackhawks)
Stanley Cup champions, 4–2 (Canadiens)
1989–90 Campbell Smythe 1st 80 42 23 15 — 99 348 265 6 2 4 24 29 Lost in Division Semifinals, 2–4 (Kings)
1990–91 Campbell Smythe 2nd 80 46 26 8 — 100 344 263 7 3 4 20 22 Lost in Division Semifinals, 3–4 (Oilers)
1991–92 Campbell Smythe 5th 80 31 37 12 — 74 296 305 Did not qualify
1992–93 Campbell Smythe 2nd 84 43 30 11 — 97 322 282 6 2 4 28 33 Lost in Division Semifinals, 2–4 (Kings)
1993–94 Western Pacific 1st 84 42 29 13 — 97 302 256 7 3 4 20 23 Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 3–4 (Canucks)
1994–95 Western Pacific 1st 48[90] 24 17 7 — 55 163 135 7 3 4 35 26 Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 3–4 (Sharks)
1995–96 Western Pacific 2nd 82 34 37 11 — 79 241 240 4 0 4 7 16 Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 0–4 (Blackhawks)
1996–97 Western Pacific 5th 82 32 41 9 — 73 214 239 Did not qualify
1997–98 Western Pacific 5th 82 26 41 15 — 67 217 252 Did not qualify
1998–99 Western Pacific 3rd 82 30 40 12 — 72 211 234 Did not qualify
1999–2000 Western Northwest 4th 82 31 36 10 5 77 211 256 Did not qualify
2000–01 Western Northwest 4th 82 27 36 15 4 73 197 236 Did not qualify
2003–04 Western Northwest 3rd 82 42 30 7 3 94 200 176 26 15 11 58 51 Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–3 (Canucks)
Won in Conference Semifinals, 4–2 (Red Wings)
Won in Conference Finals, 4–2 (Sharks)
Lost in Stanley Cup Finals, 3–4 (Lightning)
2004–05 Western Northwest Season cancelled due to 2004–05 NHL lockout
2005–06 Western Northwest 1st 82 46 25 — 11 103 218 200 7 3 4 16 17 Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 3–4 (Mighty Ducks)
2006–07 Western Northwest 3rd 82 43 29 — 10 96 258 226 6 2 4 10 18 Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 2–4 (Red Wings)
2007–08 Western Northwest 3rd 82 42 30 — 10 94 229 227 7 3 4 17 15 Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 3–4 (Sharks)
2008–09 Western Northwest 2nd 82 46 30 — 6 98 254 248 6 2 4 16 21 Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 2–4 (Blackhawks)
2009–10 Western Northwest 3rd 82 40 32 — 10 90 204 210 Did not qualify
2010–11 Western Northwest 2nd 82 41 29 — 12 94 250 237 Did not qualify
2012–13 Western Northwest 4th 48 19 25 — 4 42 128 160 Did not qualify
2013–14 Western Pacific 6th 82 35 40 — 7 77 209 241 Did not qualify
2014–15 Western Pacific 3rd 82 45 30 — 7 97 241 216 11 5 6 27 33 Won in First Round, 4–2 (Canucks)
Lost in Second Round, 1–4 (Ducks)
2016–17 Western Pacific 4th 82 45 33 — 4 94 226 221 4 0 4 9 14 Lost in First Round, 0–4 (Ducks)
2017–18 Western Pacific 5th 82 37 35 — 10 84 218 248 Did not qualify
2018–19 Western Pacific 1st 82 50 25 — 7 107 289 227 5 1 4 11 17 Lost in First Round, 1–4 (Avalanche)
Totals[91]
23 playoff appearances
Players Edit
Current roster Edit
Updated February 7, 2012.
Babchuk, AntonAnton Babchuk
2.0 D R 35 2010 Kiev, Soviet Union
Backlund, MikaelMikael Backlund
4.0 C L 30 2007 Västerås, Sweden
Bouma, LanceLance Bouma
4.0 C L 29 2008 Provost, Alberta
Bouwmeester, JayJay Bouwmeester
2.0 D L 36 2009 Edmonton, Alberta
Brodie, T. J.T. J. Brodie
2.0 D L 29 2008 Chatham, Ontario
Butler, ChrisChris Butler
2.0 D R 33 2011 St. Louis, Missouri
Cammalleri, MichaelMichael Cammalleri
6.0 LW L 37 2012 Richmond Hill, Ontario
Comeau, BlakeBlake Comeau
7.0 RW R 33 2011 Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan
Giordano, MarkMark Giordano
2.0 D L 36 2004 Toronto, Ontario
Glencross, CurtisCurtis Glencross
6.0 LW L 37 2008 Kindersley, Saskatchewan
Hannan, ScottScott Hannan
2.0 D L 40 2011 Richmond, British Columbia
Iginla, JaromeJarome Iginla
7.0 RW R 42 1995 Edmonton, Alberta
Irving, LelandLeland Irving
1.0 G L 31 2006 Swan Hills, Alberta
Jackman, TimTim Jackman
7.0 RW R 38 2010 Minot, North Dakota
Jokinen, OlliOlli Jokinen
4.0 C L 41 2010 Kuopio, Finland
Jones, BlairBlair Jones
4.0 C R 33 2012 Central Butte, Saskatchewan
Kiprusoff, MiikkaMiikka Kiprusoff
1.0 G L 43 2003 Turku, Finland
Kolanos, KrysKrys Kolanos
4.0 C R 38 2012 Calgary, Alberta
Kostopoulos, TomTom Kostopoulos
7.0 RW R 40 2010 Mississauga, Ontario
Moss, DavidDavid Moss
7.0 RW R 38 2001 Livonia, Michigan
Sarich, CoryCory Sarich
2.0 D R 41 2007 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Stajan, MattMatt Stajan
4.0 C L 36 2010 Mississauga, Ontario
Stempniak, LeeLee Stempniak
7.0 RW R 36 2011 West Seneca, New York
Smith, DerekDerek Smith
2.0 D L 35 2011 Belleville, Ontario
Tanguay, AlexAlex Tanguay
6.0 LW L 40 2010 Sainte-Justine, Quebec
Honoured members Edit
See also: Calgary Flames notable players and award winners
Several members of the Flames organization have been honoured by the Hockey Hall of Fame during the team's 27-year history in Calgary. Lanny McDonald was the first Flame player inducted, gaining election in 1992. McDonald recorded 215 goals in 492 games for the Flames, including a team record 66 goals in 1982–83. He was joined in 2000 by a fellow member of the 1989 Stanley Cup championship team, Joe Mullen. Mullen spent five seasons with the Flames, recording 388 points and capturing two Lady Byng Trophies. Grant Fuhr, elected in 2003, became the third former Flames player to enter the Hall. Fuhr played only one season in Calgary; however, he recorded his 400th career win in a Flames uniform, a victory over the Florida Panthers on October 22, 1999.[92] In 2007, Al MacInnis became the fourth former Flame inducted into the Hall. MacInnis was a member of the Flames from 1981 until 1994. He is best remembered for his booming slapshot, as well as for winning the Conn Smythe Trophy in 1989 as playoff MVP.[93]
Former head coach "Badger" Bob Johnson joined McDonald in the class of 1992, gaining election as a builder. Johnson coached five seasons with the Flames from 1982–87, and his 193 wins remain a team record. Cliff Fletcher was the Flames general manager from the organizations inception in 1972 until 1991 – a span of 19 years. During that time, the Flames qualified for the playoffs sixteen consecutive times between 1976 and 1991. Fletcher was inducted in 2004. In 2006, Harley Hotchkiss became the third Flames builder to gain election. Hotchkiss is an original member of the ownership group that purchased and brought the Flames to Calgary in 1980. He has served many years as the chairman of the NHL Board of Directors, during which he played a significant role in the resolution of the 2004–05 lockout.[92]
Flames radio broadcaster Peter Maher was named the recipient of the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award in 2006 for his years of service as the radio play-by-play announcer for the Calgary Flames. During his career, Maher has called Flames games since 1981, six All-Star Games, and four Stanley Cup Finals.[92]
The Calgary Flames have retired two numbers, and a third one was retired league-wide. The Flames have retired Lanny McDonald's #9, who played right wing for the Flames from 1981 to 1989, and captaining the Flames in 1989, who won the Stanley Cup. Mike Vernon's #30 is also retired; he was their goaltender for fourteen years, from 1982–94 and 2000–02.[94] Wayne Gretzky's #99 was retired league-wide in 2000.
Franchise scoring leaders Edit
Main article: Calgary Flames records
These are the top-ten point-scorers in the history of the Flames (both Atlanta and Calgary).[95] Figures are complete to the middle of the 2009-10 NHL season.
Note: GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, P/G = Points Per Game, * = Active Player
Flames' all-time scoring leaders
Jarome Iginla* RW 1004 436 472 908 .90
Theoren Fleury RW 791 364 466 830 1.05
Al MacInnis D 803 213 609 822 1.02
Joe Nieuwendyk C 577 314 302 616 1.07
Gary Suter D 617 128 437 565 .92
Kent Nilsson C 425 229 333 562 1.32
Guy Chouinard C 514 193 336 529 1.03
Gary Roberts LW 585 257 248 505 .86
Eric Vail LW 539 206 246 452 .84
Paul Reinhart D 517 109 336 445 .86
Team captains Edit
Calgary Flames captains
Marsh | Russell | McDonald | Risebrough | Peplinski | McCrimmon | Nieuwendyk | Fleury | Simpson | Smith | Lowry | Boughner | Conroy | Iginla
Head coaches Edit
Calgary Flames head coaches
MacNeil | Johnson | Crisp | Risebrough | Charron | King | Pagé | Brian Sutter | Hay | Gilbert | MacNeil | D. Sutter | Playfair | Keenan | Brent Sutter
An asterisk (*) denotes an interim coach
Calgary Cowboys
Calgary Tigers
Ice hockey in Calgary
List of ice hockey teams in Alberta
Footnotes Edit
↑ http://publicaccess.calgary.ca/lldm01/livelink.exe?func=ccpa.general&msgID=BesTceqqTH&msgAction=Download The Saddledome Foundation – An Historical Perspective
↑ Francis, Eric. "The uncivil war...Edmonton...April 23, 1988...Oilers 4 Flames 2", Calgary Sun, 2003-09-17. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
↑ Francis, Eric. "The uncivil war...Calgary...January 20, 2003...Flames 3 Oilers 2", Calgary Sun, 2003-09-21. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
↑ Boer, Peter (2006). The Calgary Flames. Overtime Books, 12. ISBN 1-897277-07-5.
↑ History of the New York Islanders. Sports E-Cyclopedia. Tank Productions. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 History of the Atlanta Flames. Sports E-Cyclopedia. Tank Productions. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
↑ Atlanta Flames seasons. The Internet Hockey Database. Retrieved on 2008-01-03.
↑ New York Islanders seasons. The Internet Hockey Database. Retrieved on 2008-01-03.
↑ in Hanlon, Peter and Kelso, Sean: 2006–07 Calgary Flames Media Guide. Calgary Flames Hockey Club, pg. 219.
↑ McGourty, John (2004-11-03). Building a franchise is Flether's forte. nhl.com. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Duhatschek, Eric et al. (2001). Hockey Chronicles. New York City: Checkmark Books. ISBN 0816046972.
↑ 12.0 12.1 in Hanlon, Peter and Kelso, Sean: 2006–07 Calgary Flames Media Guide. Calgary Flames Hockey Club, pg. 4.
↑ Donovan, Michael Leo (1997). The Name Game: Football, Baseball, Hockey & Basketball How Your Favorite Sports Teams Were Named. Toronto: Warwick Publishing. ISBN 1895629748.
↑ Nelson Skalbania. Edmonton Oilers Heritage. Retrieved on 2007-06-18.
↑ Zeman, Gary (1986). Alberta on Ice. Heritage House, 94. ISBN 0969232004.
↑ 16.0 16.1 in Hanlon, Peter and Kelso, Sean: 2007–08 Calgary Flames Media Guide. Calgary Flames Hockey Club, pg. 105.
↑ Calgary Flames Team Biography. Couchpotatohockey. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ 20.0 20.1 Dolezar, John A. (2002-09-27). Sweeping changes. Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7 in Hanlon, Peter and Kelso, Sean: 2007–08 Calgary Flames Media Guide. Calgary Flames Hockey Club, pg. 232.
↑ NHL All-Star Games. detroithockey.net. Retrieved on 2008-01-03.
↑ Calgary Flames seasons. The Internet Hockey Database. Retrieved on 2008-01-03.
↑ Johnson, George (2005-10-17). Bile back in Battle of Alberta. ESPN. Retrieved on 2008-01-03.
↑ Dynasty Players: Steve Smith. Edmonton Oilers Heritage. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Swift, E.M.. SI Flashback: Stanley Cup 1986. Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Top 10: Game 7's. CBC Sports. Archived from the original on 2006-06-21. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Biggest Stanley Cup playoff chokes. ESPN. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Goold, Derrick (2004-01-20). Birth of the Blues. St. Louis Post Dispatch. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Ulmer, Mike (2003-10-08). Heat is on. Toronto Sun. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Joe Nieuwendyk player profile. Hockey Hall of Fame. legendsofhockey.net. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Dolezar, John A (2001-08-08). Say it aint so: Calgary Flames. Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2007-05-14.
↑ Sportak, Randy (2004-04-16). Smyl doesn't lose sleep over big save. Calgary Sun. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ 37.0 37.1 McGourty, John (2001-05-23). Lanny, Stanley into the sunset. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Al MacInnis. Hockey Hall of Fame. legendsofhockey.net. Retrieved on 2000-01-04.
↑ New Rules for Rookies. New York Times (1990-06-20). Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
↑ One on One with Cliff Fletcher. Hockey Hall of Fame. legendsofhockey.net. Retrieved on 2007-05-14.
↑ Gilmour begins again with Leafs in Calgary. CBC Sports (2003-04-13). Retrieved on 2007-05-14.
↑ History of the Calgary Flames. Sports E-Cyclopedia. Tank Productions. Retrieved on 2008-01-26.
↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 Gardiner, Andy (2004-05-25). Flames: Bright spot for Canada. USA Today. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Cox, Damien (2007-11-07). What is Ottawa's success worth to Canadians, NHL? A lot. EPSN. Retrieved on 2007-12-06.
↑ Colorado gets Fleury
↑ Emotional Fleury finds new home with Avalanche
↑ Flames aim to save team by end of June. CBC Sports (2000-05-18). Retrieved on 2007-12-06.
↑ Flames reach season ticket goal. CBC Sports (2000-11-10). Retrieved on 2007-12-06.
↑ Jarome Iginla. hockeydb.com. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ in Hanlon, Peter and Kelso, Sean: 2006–07 Calgary Flames Media Guide. Calgary Flames Hockey Club, pg. 61.
↑ Flames hire coach Darryl Sutter. CBC Sports (2002-12-28). Retrieved on 2008-01-04.
↑ Johnson, George (2006-01-23). In Sutter, Flames (and fans) trust. ESPN. Retrieved on 2008-01-04.
↑ Miikka Kiprusoff profile. tsn.ca. Retrieved on 2008-01-04.
↑ Miikka Kiprusoff profile. nhlpa.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-04.
↑ Kreiser, John (2004-05-07). [http://www.nhl.com/columns/kreiser/flames050704.html Flames scorch foes, and odds]. nhl.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-05.
↑ Flames reach Stanley Cup finals. CBC Sports (2004-05-20). Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
↑ Recap: Calgary 3, Vancouver 2, OT. Yahoo! Sports (2004-04-20). Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
↑ Hwang, Rosa (2004-05-28). Cheering for the home team. CBC Sports. Archived from the original on 2004-06-20. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
↑ Martin dubs Calgary Flames 'Canada's Team'. CTV Sports (2004-05-30). Retrieved on 2006-12-23.
↑ Cristodero, Damian. "One last shot", St. Petersberg Times, 2004-06-06. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
↑ Bergman, Brian. "The Flames nearly brought the Stanley Cup home, and grateful Calgary gave thanks" (Reprint), Maclean's Magazine, The Canadian Encyclopedia, 2004-06-21. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
↑ Podel, Ira. "Linden, Hotchkiss to meet again", USA Today, 2005-01-19. Retrieved on 2008-01-04.
↑ Dalla Costa, Morris. "Hotchkiss happy where NHL is now", Calgary Sun, 2007-09-21. Retrieved on 2008-01-04.
↑ NHL announces 2005–06 trophy finalists. NHL.com (2006-06-24). Retrieved on 2007-12-23.
↑ Avs send Tanguay to Flames for Leopold, picks. nhl.com (2006-05-04). Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
↑ Sutter steps down as Flames coach. TSN. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
↑ Duhatschek, Eric (2007-04-22). Five-game suspension for McLennan. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Flames name Keenan new head coach. TSN (2007-06-14). Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Iginla Tops Flames' Goal Record in Win. Associated Press (2008-03-10). Retrieved on 2008-03-18.
↑ Community. Calgary Flames Hockey Club. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Alberta to get first children's hospice. CBC (2007-05-09). Archived from the original on 2007-05-13. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Townsend Tigers extend winning streak to 26. Calgary Flames Hockey Club (2007-11-21). Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Police brace for another big night on the Red Mile. CTV Sports (2004-06-04). Retrieved on 2007-12-06.
↑ James, Brant (2004-05-20). Flames reach Stanley Cup final. St. Petersberg Times. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ 75.0 75.1 Rodriguez, Jose (2006-04-14). Red Mile reality check. Calgary Sun. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Seskus, Tony; Sean Myers (2006-04-11). The party's over for the Red Mile. Calgary Herald. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Fisher, Scott (2004-05-21). Red-hot jersey breaks record. Calgary Sun. Retrieved on 2007-12-06.
↑ Boyer, Lauren (2007-05-09). NHL wants trademark 'White Out' faded out. The Daily Collegian. Retrieved on 2007-09-06.
↑ 79.0 79.1 Flames unveil new look Rbk Edge uniform. Calgary Flames Hockey Club (2007-09-04). Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ in Hanlon, Peter and Kelso, Sean: 2006–07 Calgary Flames Media Guide. Calgary Flames Hockey Club, pg. 4.
↑ Karol, Kristofer. NHL 'quacked' up with hockey jersey switch. statenews.com. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ 82.0 82.1 Mascot Madness. CBC Sports. Archived from the original on 2004-04-05. Retrieved on 2007-02-24.
↑ Pyette, Ryan (2003-01-23). MacTavish leaves Harvey the Hound speechless. London Free Press. Retrieved on 2007-12-23.
↑ Francis, Eric (2003-09-21). The uncivil war. Calgary Sun. Retrieved on 2007-12-23.
↑ Code explanation; GP—Games Played, W—Wins, L—Losses, T—Tied games, OT—Overtime/Shootout losses, GF—Goals For, GA—Goals Against, Pts—Points
↑ The result of the playoff series shows the Flames' result first regardless of the outcome, followed by the opposing team in parentheses.
↑ Beginning in 2005, all games have a winner. Ties were eliminated
↑ Beginning in 1999, overtime (and later shootout) losses are worth one point
↑ 89.0 89.1 From 1981 until 1993, the team that won its divisional playoff (2nd round matchup) was the division champion, regardless of regular season standing
↑ Season shortened to 48 games as a result of the 1994–95 NHL lockout
↑ Totals as of the completion of the 2018–19 season
↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 in Hanlon, Peter and Kelso, Sean: 2006–07 Calgary Flames Media Guide. Calgary Flames Hockey Club, pgs. 20–21.
↑ Burnside, Scott (2007-11-09). 2007 Hockey Hall of Fame—Al MacInnis bio. ESPN. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
↑ Calgary Flames history. CBS Sportsline. Retrieved on 2008-01-04.
Calgary Flames official Web Site
Edmonton Oilers Stanley Cup Champions
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Outdoor games (Winter Classic • Heritage Classic • Stadium Series) • Potential expansion • Hall of Fame (Members) • Rivalries • Arenas • Rules • Fighting • Violence : International games • Kraft Hockeyville • Collective bargaining agreement • Television and radio coverage
Category • 2018–19 Season • 2019–20 Season
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Knowledge of negotiation contributes to the resoulution of disagreemnt and conflict.The Japan International Society for Negotiation (JIN) was established so negotiation experience,knowledge and research might be exchanged. Contributing to the advancement of negotiation theory and practice is our purpose. Negociation receives significant study in many nations. We feel Japan should also Institute is not rstricted to Japanese people. Anyone with an interest in negotiation is invited to join the Japan International Society for Negotiation. We wish to establish an institute with a deverse membership because negotiation is a wide area of study. Negotiations do not only occur between nations or in business. Negotiation is a basic part of life and may be found in many settings,some examples include; residential and community development , organizational, labor-management,govermental,public policy, and environmental.As the world moves toward a global age we seek solutions to differences.
日本交渉学会 © 2002-2013 Japan International Society for Negotiation All Rights Reserved.


With the advent of ever faster, futuristic technology, the music industry can look like an intimidating place for a new songwriter or composer.
When starting from scratch, the web can offer an infinite number of possibilities and entry points when it comes to making your music, getting it recorded and, more importantly, getting it heard.
TW – In the last 20 years there's been a massive change in the business. Access to technology is such that before you even sign to a record label, you can have a clear idea of how to record music and what you want to sound like. 20 years ago you would have had to go into a studio to do the same thing.
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Once they see it, you need to keep that consumer and show off all the elements of your talent. Once you get that view, you need to capitalise on that and get people to subscribe.
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They know you're going to Spencer's.
Cleveland's own Forest City Enterprises used Black Friday to launch a program that tracks shopper traffic via their cell phones as they wander Forest City's malls. Guinea pigs in California and Virginia were anonymously monitored and their movements logged on a map. (Ohio malls were not used because obese shoppers tend to delay data collection.) Signs posted at the malls alerted shoppers to the survey.
But just as quickly as the test popped up, it was shut down. New York Senator Charles Schumer cited privacy concerns — most notably that shoppers weren't able to opt into the program and unwittingly open themselves up to hackers.
"A shopper's personal cell phone should not be used by a third party as a tracking device by retailers who are seeking to determine holiday shopping patterns," he said in a statement.
Forest City's Jeff Linton says the company has reached out to the senator and discussed solutions with the system developer, but there is no time frame for relaunching the tracking system.
But is it useful? Linton says the information, which would be beamed directly to the robot that lives inside Sam Miller's head, could be used by malls to decide how to group stores based on common shopping patterns, whether to install a Starbucks between every store or every other store, and to prove that, yes, people do in fact buy those edible bras at Spencer Gifts.