text:
This document is part of the Festschrift in Honor of Charles Speel, edited by Thomas J. Sienkewicz and James E. Betts and published by Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois in 1997. The Table of Contents for this volume can be accessed here. If you have any questions, you may contact Tom Sienkewicz at toms@monm.edu.
Duncan James McMillan: Missionary to the Mormons
R. Douglas Brackenridge
Apart from the ubiquitous Sheldon Jackson, no individual made a more significant impact on early Utah Presbyterianism than Duncan J. McMillan. Although his Utah ministry lasted only eight years (1875-1883), McMillan played a pivotal role in establishing an extensive network of denominational mission schools and churches which, at one time, stretched from St. George, Utah in the south, to Malad, Idaho in the north. Of those institutions, First Presbyterian Church and Wasatch Academy in Mt. Pleasant, Utah continue to serve the denomination today. He was also instrumental in founding Westminster College, which will celebrate 125 years of educational activity in Salt Lake City in the year 2000. Beyond these accomplishments, McMillan acquired a national reputation as an anti-Mormon polemicist whose approach to "the Mormon problem" had a great impact on denominational policies in the nineteenth- and early twentieth centuries.
Mormons remained virtually insulated from outside influences from their arrival in Utah Territory in 1847 until the completion of a transcontinental railroad system in 1869. Following that event, non-Mormon immigrants came in increasing numbers, some to make a fortune and some to save souls. Among the latter were a contingent of Presbyterians led by Sheldon Jackson who had recently been appointed superintendent of missions for the western territories. Under his leadership, Presbyterian missionaries began systematic efforts to topple the kingdom of Brigham Young and his followers in Mormon Zion. Along with Native Americans and Hispanic Catholics, Mormons were classified in Presbyterian missionary terminology as "exceptional populations," people who did not fit into the traditional mold of white, Anglo-Saxon Protestants (Banker 1993:3-10).1
Mormons presented a unique problem, however, because they were largely Anglo-Americans of western European stock and converts from Protestant Christianity. As a youth, Joseph Smith had close ties with the Presbyterian Church, attended services and revivals, and interacted with relatives who were communicant members. When Brigham Young led his band of devout followers into Utah territory in 1847, he and most of his group leaders had received their early religious training in evangelical Protestant denominations. Puzzled by this anomaly, Presbyterians frequently employed the adjective "deluded," when referring to Mormons, suggesting that converts to the new religion were somehow psychologically susceptible or intellectually weak (Banker 1993:35-36).
During the nineteenth century, Presbyterians produced a barrage of polemical books and pamphlets denigrating Mormonism. Respected historians reached wide audiences with their negative assessment of the new religious tradition. Terming Mormon theology materialistic and immoral and deeming their communal theocracy a threat to constitutional separation of church and state, Presbyterian historian Robert Baird summarily dismissed Mormonism as a religious aberration produced by a combination of cunning leaders and deluded followers. In his monumental Religion in the United States of America (1844:647-649) Baird ranked Mormons at the bottom of a list of non-Christian sects and described them as "the grossest of all the delusions that Satanic malignity or human ambition ever sought to propagate." He summarized his exposition by observing that "the Mormons are a body of ignorant dupes, collected from almost all parts of the United States, and also from the British Isles." Baird believed that like other "fanatical sects," the Latter-Day Saints would have a short-lived existence after their leader, Joseph Smith, had been murdered. Most Mormons, he concluded, would either revert to traditional Christianity or languish as disillusioned atheists or agnostics.
Other Presbyterian writers took an equally dim view of Mormonism as a theological system and a religious community. In particular, they focused on the practice of plural marriage, a keystone Mormon doctrine, and called for federal intervention in Utah to end polygamy. The Rocky Mountain Presbyterian, edited by Sheldon Jackson, regularly featured anti-Mormon articles written by missionaries who had personal experience with Mormon marriage practices. Their inflammatory language created an atmosphere of tension in which relationships between Presbyterians and Mormons rapidly deteriorated.2
Mormons were equally defamatory when combating their Presbyterian antagonists, especially when the campaign against polygamy began in earnest after the Civil War. Harsh treatment by Protestant clergymen and church people in New York, Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri had deepened Mormon resentment for denominational Christianity which they considered apostate and moribund. They countered anti-Mormon polemics with portraits of greedy, amoral, pretentious, and dogmatic "outsiders" whose avowed goal was to exterminate Mormonism. Termed "hirelings," Presbyterian clergymen were depicted as licentious power mongers obsessed with seducing Mormon women and acquiring personal fortunes. At every opportunity, Mormon apologists caricatured Presbyterian doctrines such as the Trinity, predestination, and eternal punishment, and ridiculed their belief in a God who lacked "body, parts, and passions." Such charges intensified once Presbyterian clergymen took up residence in Utah and pursued a vigorous campaign to conquer Mormon Zion.3
Beginning slowly, Presbyterians established a few churches in predominantly "gentile" (non-Mormon) towns such as Corinne and Alta where they had small but stable congregations. During his western travels, Sheldon Jackson visited Salt Lake City in 1871 and recognized the opportunities for Presbyterian expansion in the Mormon capital. Within a month, Josiah Welch, a recent graduate of Union Seminary in New York, accepted a commission as missionary for the Board of Home Missions in Salt Lake City. He began work immediately and within a few years had succeeded in gathering a congregation of about sixty members and in erecting an attractive new brick church within the shadow of the Mormon Temple, then under construction (Reherd 1949:2,678-681).
By 1875 Presbyterians had mustered sufficient strength to organize a presbytery. On March 1, 1875 in the First Presbyterian Church of Salt Lake City, Sheldon Jackson, accompanied by a few laymen and several clergymen including Josiah Welch, assembled to convene the Presbytery of Utah. Attending that meeting was Duncan J. McMillan, one of Sheldon Jacksons most colorful, charismatic, and controversial recruits. His Utah career was about to begin (Reherd 1949:2,681).
Duncan James McMillan was born in Giles County, Tennessee on June 2, 1846, the son of Edward and Mary Ann Brown McMillan. His father, a Presbyterian clergyman, served as chaplain of the 32nd Illinois Infantry during the Civil War, accompanied by his fifteen-year old son, Duncan, who went as an unenlisted orderly. Following his fathers death, Duncan recruited a squad of men and enlisted in the 7th Illinois Infantry, serving with distinction until hostilities ceased. He subsequently worked as a salesman, farmhand, and teacher in order to accumulate money for an education. After graduating from Blackburn College in 1870, McMillan served as superintendent of schools in Carlinville, Illinois for two years. Ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1872, he accepted a call to the Walnut Grove Presbyterian Church near Carrollton, Illinois, where he labored for two years (McMillan 1939:8-19).
Shortly after assuming the pastorate, McMillan contracted a lingering throat and bronchial condition exacerbated by rescuing several young women from a smoke-filled building. At age twenty-nine, he left his family home in Illinois in February 1875, in search of a moderate climate and an opportunity to test his evangelistic skills as a home missionary. In Denver McMillan met Sheldon Jackson with whom he had corresponded regarding assignments in New Mexico, Montana, and Utah. Preferring Utahs milder weather, he traveled by rail to Salt Lake City, arriving in time for the inaugural session of Utah Presbytery (McMillan n.d.:1-2).
Sheldon Jackson introduced the visitor with the following words:
We read in St. Johns Gospel "there was a man sent from God and his name was John." There came to Salt Lake City a man whose name is Duncan J. McMillan, a genuine Scotchman and full of the spirit.4
As a corresponding member, McMillan participated in discussions about how to expand the minuscule Presbyterian presence in Utah. Jackson urged him to organize a new church in Ogden, a growing railroad center about forty miles north of Salt Lake City with a large non-Mormon population. Instead, McMillan opted for southern Utah, where no Protestant minister had ever attempted a permanent ministry. Despite warnings of bloodthirsty Danites and primitive living conditions, he selected Mt. Pleasant, a Mormon village of some 2,000 inhabitants in Sanpete County, where some disaffected Scandinavians had reportedly formed a small Liberal club in defiance of Mormon church authorities. Using these apostates as a nucleus, McMillan (n.d.:2) intended to organize a Presbyterian Church and rescue the populace from what he considered to be a superstitious and theologically deficient religious tradition.
Traveling by rail, stagecoach, and mail wagon, McMillan (n.d.:3-4) completed a 150 mile journey to Mt. Pleasant on March 3, 1875. Approaching the village, he asked his driver to take him to the best available hotel so that he could rest after the arduous trip. "There is no hotel in Mt. Pleasant," was the reply. "Where do strangers stay when they come to town?" McMillan queried. "There are no strangers. Strangers do not come here. You are the first gentile I ever hauled into this valley," responded the driver. McMillan then requested to be taken to the post office where perhaps he could find someone willing to provide accommodations. The friendly postmaster, Jerry Page, an apostate Mormon, offered him free use of a back room and gradually introduced him to the leading citizens of the community. Page worked out a series of hand signals to identify them for McMillan. When he introduced an apostate, Page stroked his mustache with his right hand. When he introduced a devout Mormon, he used his left hand. And when their commitments were doubtful, he did not touch his mustache. "Now, remember faces and names," Page advised, "and keep your mouth shut and you will soon get the situation."
Attending his first Mormon meeting, McMillan heard a speaker mention that a Presbyterian minister was on his way to Sanpete County to recover his health. "We will have a picnic over him," the man proclaimed, "either make a Mormon of him or chuck him under the sod in less than two weeks." Despite those initial inflammatory remarks, McMillan was treated kindly by Mormon authorities. Bishop W. S. Seeley invited McMillan to speak at several Mormon Sunday evening meetings and placed the meetinghouse at his disposal for Protestant services. Mormons listened politely to McMillans sermons, which were brief, nonpolemical homilies on basic Christian doctrines. "Even the Bishop," McMillan (1879:4) acknowledged, "thanked me for the sermon."
Although he cultivated relationships with Mt. Pleasant residents as an outsider in their midst, McMillan wrote disparagingly about them in an article published in The Rocky Mountain Presbyterian in 1875. In "An Appeal to Christian Women," McMillan (1875:2) records his impressions of life in a Mormon village and refers to the people as
poor, ignorant, deluded, degraded priest ridden serfs. The men stand about their customary loafing places with their hands up to their elbows in their pants pockets, their old hats on the backs of their heads and their mouths open, utterly incapable of comprehending an intelligent thought; the women are literally servants of servants, and the children are legion.
When fellow ministers in Salt Lake City read the article, they confiscated and burned copies of The Rocky Mountain Presbyterian to conceal the derogatory remarks which they believed would provide rich fodder for Mormon counterattacks. Josiah Welch warned McMillan to exercise better judgment in future articles.5
McMillan soon ventured out into nearby towns and villages to preach Protestant principles and doctrines to whomever would listen. At Moroni, eight miles west of Mt. Pleasant, a good crowd turned out to hear the visiting evangelist. At the close of the service, a Mormon who had converted from Methodism, came to McMillan with tears in his eyes saying, "Your sermon came very near getting me, but when you sang 'Coronation at the close, that fetched me. I couldnt stand it any longer." He also preached at a nearby mining camp, speaking to miners while they ate their supper. Although treated kindly everywhere he went, McMillan failed to record one solid conversion. He returned to Mt. Pleasant perplexed about the future of his ministry in the Sanpete Valley.6
McMillan (1875:2) became convinced that traditional evangelistic strategies--building churches, holding revivals, and organizing Sunday schools--would have little impact on adults whom he believed unshakable in their commitment to Mormonism. Moreover, efforts to attack Mormonism seemed only to build barriers and stiffen resistance especially among Latter-Day Saint authorities who enjoyed considerable influence over their constituents. Influenced by successful local day schools already established by Episcopalians and Methodists in Salt Lake City, McMillan envisaged a network of Presbyterian day and boarding schools in Utah that would provide high quality education at a minimal cost. With no free public school system in Utah Territory, McMillan reasoned that denominational schools would bridge cultural gaps and attract Mormon children who in turn would draw their siblings and parents (Banker 1993:72-73).
Mormon apostates in Mt. Pleasant offered to sell their newly constructed hall below cost if McMillan promised to renovate it for educational purposes. Even though he lacked denominational funding, McMillan signed a promissory note and advertised the imminent opening of a new day school. Unable to find a suitable teacher, McMillan reluctantly assumed the position of schoolmaster in addition to his preaching duties. When Mormon authorities at the last minute decided not to lend him benches from an unoccupied ward schoolhouse, McMillan borrowed hand tools and carved benches from rough lumber. Encouraged by an endorsement from Bishop Seeley, McMillan commenced classes on April 19, 1975, marking the beginning of the present-day Wasatch Academy.7
McMillans school evoked a positive response from Mt. Pleasant residents. Even the local mayor attended classes and boasted that they were the best in the entire Sanpete valley. By early summer the enrollment had reached 109, with a waiting list for students. Some day school students also attended a Sunday school where the curriculum focused primarily on Biblical studies and doctrine, but many Mormon parents, wary of Protestant indoctrination, refused to let their children attend. Nevertheless, despite financial and staffing problems, McMillans experimental ministry in Mormon territory appeared to be off to a promising start.8
At this point, McMillans amicable relationship with Mt. Pleasant Mormons came to an abrupt halt. On June 22, 1875, Brigham Young arrived in town with an entourage of Church authorities who were on an extended tour of southern Utah to promote the United Order and the erection of temples in Salt Lake City, St. George, and Manti. During a major speech, Young raised concerns about the proliferation of denominational schools in Utah. Ostensibly founded for educational purposes, Young argued that they were covertly envisioned as a subtle means of weaning children away from the family faith. "Take your children to some one who is full of the gospel and cast away your hypocrisy and be at peace, and in union, not as the pretended Christians who contend and fight for their attainments." He further advised residents to avoid social contact with the Presbyterian minister and any of his teachers.9
Relating Youngs speech to Sheldon Jackson less than two weeks after the event, McMillan told how the Mormon president began by calling him "a wolf in sheeps clothing, a serpent that charms only to devour," and warned townspeople to take their children out of school or face dire consequences. "This gentile devil," he quotes Young, "will send sorrow and distress into many a mothers heart, will bring irreparable disgrace and ruin upon your daughters." McMillan also told how Young chastised church leaders for being beguiled with promises of free education.
Why, what could you have been dreaming about? . . . Dont you know that all gentile ministers are libertines and sodomites? Beecher, you know, is one of the best and purest among all of them and yet he keeps 28 mistresses. This man whom you have received in your midst and who is gaining the hearts of your children is, without the shadow of a doubt, of the same stripe.10
Although Mormon accounts of Youngs speech lack McMillans colorful language, they agree that Young strongly disapproved of the Presbyterian school and urged non-attendance. Whatever Young said, either publicly or privately, he failed to dissuade residents from sending their children to McMillans school. Enrollment soared to 150 students, and with assistance from the Board of Home Missions, McMillan was able to employ a teacher to relieve him from classroom duties. By December 1876, McMillan reported to Sheldon Jackson that everything was well in hand. "All the machinery is in gear, oiled and running now, the priests are whipped and with their caudal extremities dropped, their fierce barking has given place to a melancholy growl."11
Nevertheless, McMillan continued to report incidents of physical harassment from some local citizens. On several occasions groups of men and boys pelted his house with stones and then disappeared into the darkness. At an oyster supper to which he had been invited by several young Mormon men, they attempted to seize him and force whiskey down his throat. He resisted their efforts and left unscathed. One evening, hearing a rustling of the window-curtain, he discovered a masked man climbing into his room. Thrusting a revolver into the intruders face, McMillan told him to "Git" and he left. According to various accounts, other efforts to discourage McMillan from pursuing his ministry in Mount Pleasant proved equally ineffective (Jackson 1876:2).
At the nearby village of Ephraim, McMillan encountered opposition that vaulted him into celebrity status as an anti-Mormon crusader. According to the initial account in The Rocky Mountain Presbyterian, McMillan had been advised not to preach in Ephraim where a hard core of Mormon fundamentalists dominated religious activities. Warned of a possible attempt on his life, McMillan nevertheless proceeded to his speaking engagement bearing both a Bible and a revolver. "Carrying his weapons into the pulpit--like Cromwell, 'trusting in Providence, and keeping his powder dry, [he then] read the scriptures, poured out his soul in prayer, and preached such a loving gospel that enmity for the time being was disarmed" (Jackson 1876:2).
The "Bible and revolver" story surfaced periodically well into the twentieth century as a classic example of Presbyterian struggles with "deluded Mormons." Hans P. Freece (1931:556-557) , one of McMillan's student converts and later an anti-Mormon journalist, recounted a dialogue between Bishop Canute Peterson and McMillan. Cited here only in part, Freece's narrative represents the culmination of a long period of literary development.
Peterson: "Are you that damned Presbyterian devil who is preaching at Mt. Pleasant?"
McMillan: "I am the Presbyterian minister who is preaching in Mt. Pleasant."
Peterson: "What do you want here?"
McMillan: "I came here by invitation of some good people."
Peterson: "Who dared invite you?"
McMillan: "They are respectable gentlemen of good standing."
[McMillan then invited the Bishop to hear him speak, assuring him that he would hear nothing unpleasant proclaimed.]
Peterson: "I don't care what you preach. You can't preach in Ephraim. If you step on to the platform, you won't come off alive. I have been a true friend to you in giving you good advice. If you value your neck, do not try to preach."
McMillan: "I have half a pound of lead here, [exhibits his revolver] and I can pull a trigger as quickly and put the bullet as near to the mark as any man in Ephraim. I'll be ready for you."
Peterson: "What can you do against a town of two thousand people?"
McMillan: "Nothing, I am at your mercy, but I will not be the first man to bite the dust. I hope you will be present at the service and I hope you will hear nothing that will be offensive to you."
And so he preached. "With the Sword of the Spirit in one hand and a 'Swamp Angel' in the other, he commanded the respect of Brigham Young's 'Destroying Angels.'"12
Newspaper editors throughout the country avidly reproduced Jacksons colorful account of McMillans persecution. The Salt Lake Tribune, Rocky Mountain Christian Advocate, and New York Evangelist, for example, copied the article and supplemented it with sympathetic editorial comment. Even Harpers Weekly found McMillans struggles newsworthy. Commenting that "a preacher going armed into the pulpit is an unusual style for the United States," the editor concluded: "This is true courage; but is it not time that the laws of the United States were enforced in Utah?"13 The Herald and Presbyter observed that McMillans hardships "would seem incredible did we not know that Brigham Young and his followers are terribly bitter against anything calculated to bring that people to a knowledge of the Truth," and ended with a plea for donations to the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions.14
Mormon authorities argued vehemently that McMillans story was a fabrication or at least an exaggeration devised as a means of stirring up financial support for Utah missions among Presbyterians in the East. They claimed that no minister or missionary had ever been denied freedom of speech and certainly none had been forced to display a weapon in the pulpit to guarantee personal safety.15 Despite accusations and counter-accusations, decades of controversy regarding the veracity of the "Bible and revolver" story appeared to result only in a stalemate of "my word against your word." One thing was certain, however. The story made McMillan a hero in Presbyterian missionary lore and a villain in Mormon apologetic literature.
Resolution of the incident did not come until 1903 when McMillan visited Salt Lake City en route to a meeting of the General Assembly on the west coast. At that time he repeated the Ephraim incident and evoked considerable media coverage in the local press. A reporter for the Salt Lake Heraldrequested McMillan to verify his statements about persecution in Utah. Trustworthy witnesses, he asserted, both Mormon and non-Mormon, had testified that they had never seen McMillan carry a revolver into the pulpit. Were they lying or simply mistaken? Confronted with this choice, McMillan responded very directly.
That remark is a metaphor. I did not go into the pulpit with a drawn pistol, but I went armed. One of the officials of the Mormon church told me that my life was in danger, and advised me to go armed. . . . I was determined I would not bite the dust first."16
Following this admission, which he never repudiated, McMillan apparently stopped telling the "Bible and revolver" episode in public addresses.
McMillans success in the Sanpete Valley encouraged others to begin missionary careers in Utah. During trips East to raise money for Utah missions, McMillan visited Presbyterian seminaries to recruit additions to the growing missionary force in Utah. Despite the obvious effectiveness of day schools as mission enterprises, however, the Board of Home Missions held steadfastly to its policy of funding only traditional pastoral ministries, believing that education of children was the provenance of public schools. Board executives also questioned the wisdom of sending single women to serve as missionary teachers in territories like New Mexico and Utah where living conditions were primitive and physical safety questionable.
Despite opposition from some of his colleagues, McMillan advocated commissioning women as teacher-missionaries for "exceptional populations" such as the Utah Mormons. He argued that "women worked cheaper than men would, and were more willing to exercise the necessary self-denial than men are."17 At a meeting of Utah Presbytery in February, 1877, McMillan drafted an overture to the General Assembly, requesting the Board of Home Missions to undertake the support and supervision of schools for Mormons and other "exceptional populations" in western territories, and to authorize the employment of female teachers. After a discussion that lasted into the small hours of the morning, presbytery commissioners approved the overture. The presbytery designated McMillan a commissioner to General Assembly and Sheldon Jackson arranged to have the young missionary address the Assembly on the importance of Utah day schools. Passionate speeches by McMillan and Henry Kendall played important roles in convincing commissioners to approve the overture. From this action emerged the Womans Board of Home Missions and its extensive educational missionary program of schools, colleges, and hospitals (Banker 1993:71-72).18
In addition to his work in the Sanpete Valley, McMillan also served during 1876-77 as interim pastor of First Presbyterian Church in Salt Lake City. Josiah Welch, the installed minister, had contracted tuberculosis and died while on a trip East in an unsuccessful attempt to recuperate. McMillans dynamic preaching and careful pastoral oversight provided needed continuity for the young congregation. Although most members of First Presbyterian Church joined by letter of transfer from some evangelical Protestant denomination, occasionally some joined by profession of faith. Among McMillans converts were several Mormons who severed their relationships with the Latter-day Saints and joined First Presbyterian Church. McMillan enthusiastically reported his success to Sheldon Jackson as evidence of the rewards of patience and perseverance in the mission field.19 When congregants called Robert G. McNeice to become pastor in 1877, McMillan was relieved of his responsibilities in Salt Lake City (Reherd 1949:2,682).
McMillan quickly resumed his educational and missionary work in the Sanpete Valley where Presbyterian churches and day schools were springing up alongside Mormon tabernacles. In order to establish schools in Ephraim, Manti, Monroe, and Springville, he obtained financial help from churches, societies, and individuals. He made a survey of the entire Territory and devised a master plan for a system of schools that would place an academy or high school in the principal town in each of the six great Mormon valleys with a half dozen or more primary schools in contiguous villages. To complete this educational network, McMillan proposed to establish a college in Salt Lake City. At meetings of the Presbytery of Utah in American Fork in 1878 and the Synod of Utah in 1883 commissioners endorsed the program, but it would take twenty years for it to be implemented.
On one of his frequent trips east, McMillan married Emily Kent Johnston in Carlinville, Illinois. He returned in 1879 with his bride to Mt. Pleasant where the couple resumed religious and educational work in the Sanpete Valley. The couple brought with them a new Mason and Hamlin pump organ, the first such instrument in Mt. Pleasant. An accomplished musician, Emily McMillan captivated local residents with recitals and encouraged wide participation in various choral programs (McMillan 1939:10).
In recognition of his outstanding work, McMillan was appointed synodical superintendent of missions for Utah, Montana, and Idaho in 1880, charged with the responsibility of staffing and opening new schools and securing ministerial recruits for new mission fields. With "oceans of work lying in every direction," one of his first acts was to commission eighteen new teachers for the growing Presbyterian school system.20 Always on the move, McMillan kept in close touch with even the smallest enterprise in Utah. In one letter he described his varied and exhausting duties:
I am worn out and sick from the unusual rush of the past six weeks. Since June 1st I have driven through heat & dust 1050 miles--prepared & delivered 20 sermons,--conducted four prayer meetings & four S.S. besides some teachers meetings and 50 missionary letters.21
During his three-year tenure, McMillan supervised the establishment of forty mission schools and twenty-three churches. Through the medium of The Rocky Mountain Presbyterian and frequent speeches to eastern audiences, McMillan kept Presbyterians informed about the growth and development of missions in Utah. At the same time, he contributed to the growing national sentiment to eradicate polygamy by writing numerous articles opposing the practice and calling for federal regulatory legislation.22
But McMillans Utah ministry was marred by controversy with his peers over methodology and competition for publicity and funds. He frequently complained to Sheldon Jackson that his work did not garner sufficient recognition in the East and that colleagues in Utah were jealous of his success. McMillan had a long-standing feud with John Coyner, principal of the Salt Lake Collegiate Institute, a Presbyterian school founded just a week before the Mt. Pleasant day school. McMillan felt that Salt Lake Institute was not really a missionary operation because its students were primarily non-Mormon and because it operated in a cosmopolitan environment unaffected by the hostility facing school teachers in remote Mormon villages. He did not hesitate to convey his feelings to denominational leaders in New York. Writing to the president of the Womens Executive Committee, McMillan said:
The Mormons are not half so much afraid of courts of justice and government officials and colleges and fine buildings away off at Salt Lake City, as they are of the Christian woman with the Bible in her hand and Christ in her heart. The leaders dont care a fig how many Salt Lake Collegiate Institutes & St. Marks Academies & Rocky Mountain Seminaries and St. Marys Institutes the various denominations establish there, but how they squirm wherever a devoted 'school marm' goes with the Bible in her hand to one of their towns.23
McMillan also clashed with members of Utah Presbytery over control of missionary churches and schools in Utah. As superintendent, McMillan considered it his prerogative to make decisions about placement of schools and hiring and firing of personnel. Members of the presbytery wanted a more active role in determining missionary strategy. When McMillans commission as district superintendent came up for renewal in 1883, the presbytery "did not see their way clear to recommend his reappointment to the position" because "there [was] such a lack of harmony between his views and feelings and the views and feelings of Presbytery in regard to the proper method of carrying on the work within its bounds."24 Although the Presbytery acknowledged McMillans knowledge and experience as valuable assets and offered to retain him as a pastor in one of the mission churches, McMillan decided to look elsewhere for employment of his administrative skills.
Shortly after Utah Presbytery adjourned its summer meeting, McMillan accepted a call to become president of the College of Montana, a position that he held until 1890 when he became corresponding secretary of the Board of Home Missions in New York City. Although McMillan had severed geographical ties with Utah, he remained throughout his career an advocate for Mormon missions and a forceful anti-Mormon activist. In his administrative capacity with the Board of Home Missions, McMillan was consulted on mission policy decisions and carried considerable influence with the Womans Board of Home Missions, the organization responsible for financing and staffing mission schools in the southwest. Letters on file attest to his involvement in the appointment of teachers and missionaries. A recommendation from McMillan usually guaranteed a commission. A negative response invariably resulted in a candidates rejection.25
In addition to his administrative duties, McMillan continued to be a featured speaker at denominational and ecumenical gatherings. He also found time to turn out popular articles on Utah missions and biting critiques of Mormon polygamy and other theological doctrines. His byline frequently appeared in the Home Mission Monthly, the national womens magazine, and The Assembly Herald, the official denominational organ.26 A signal literary accomplishment was his collaboration with scholars on a major article on Mormons in The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (Jackson 1956:9-21). Utilized as a standard reference work in most Protestant theological seminaries, the Encyclopedia had a great impact on young ministers and theologians.
During the decade of the 1890s, McMillan made one additional contribution to Utah Presbyterianism by facilitating the founding of Westminster College in Salt Lake City. Since their arrival in Utah, Presbyterians had envisaged a college to complete their system of day schools and to provide an alternative to Mormon dominated higher education. At a meeting of Utah Presbytery on March 28, 1892, Robert McNeice, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Salt Lake City, affirmed that the time had come to establish a college in Salt Lake City that would "furnish a thorough classical and scientific course of education equal to any institution in the East." His report recommended the election of a Board of Trustees consisting of five clergy and four laymen to secure incorporation, locate a suitable campus site, and seek financial support necessary to underwrite such an undertaking.27
As had been true in previous efforts to found a college, financial backing loomed as the most difficult obstacle to overcome. Several attempts to raise money through speculative land development schemes failed miserably and generated unfavorable publicity for the proposed college. Still reeling from repercussions of failed land deals, college trustees found themselves embroiled in an inter-denominational controversy with Congregationalists who accused Presbyterians of usurping the prospects of their college operation. Active in Utah educational missions through its network of day schools conducted through the New West Education Commission, the Congregationalist Church opened Salt Lake Academy in 1878 and proposed to raise it to college status in 1894.28 Traditionally keen and cordial competition between Presbyterians and Congregationalists erupted into an energy-draining, acrimonious debate that dragged on for more than five years before the Congregationalists withdrew from the field.
As one of the secretaries of the Board of Home Missions, McMillan was intimately involved in negotiations between Presbyterian and Congregationalist College Board officials. Representatives from both boards met in New York in 1895 to discuss ways of resolving the Salt Lake City conflict. Sheldon Jackson and McMillan, whose opinions carried considerable weight with College Board officials, advised that cooperative ventures never panned out well theologically and that endowment campaigns involving two denominations were usually unproductive.29 McMillan was convinced that Congregationalists were "determined to head us off in the college enterprise in Salt Lake City," but with typical dramatic flair boasted that his defense of Presbyterian educational credentials had "blown the Congregational craft into smithereens."30 The meeting disbanded inconclusively, with both sides determined to promote their college programs in Salt Lake City.
Informal discussions between the two groups continued for several years with McMillan and Jackson functioning as key Presbyterian participants and Arthur Little representing Congregational interests. Even though Congregationalists were willing to settle for minority representation on Presbyterian college board in return for transfer of Salt Lake College buildings and assets, Presbyterians remained committed to an independent course of operations.31 After extended correspondence between executives in both denominations and public debate in denominational journals, the Presbyterian College Board of Aid finally rejected the proposal for a "Presbygational" College in Utah.32
McMillan also secured a benefactor to underwrite the proposed Presbyterian college. Sheldon Jackson had accumulated a considerable sum of money through inheritance and wise investments. He desired to established a Presbyterian college in the west and had tentatively settled on Santa Fe, New Mexico as the best location. Jackson spent a week with McMillan in New York before leaving for Alaska in 1894. During their time together, McMillan (1922:11) convinced Jackson that Salt Lake City was preferable to Santa Fe because of its strategic rail connections and business opportunities, its lack of competition from other colleges, and its proximity to the network of Presbyterian schools already in place in Utah.
As a result of these conversations, Jackson offered the Presbytery of Utah $50,000 to charter Sheldon Jackson College, provided that it include Biblical studies in the curriculum and maintain legal ties with the Presbyterian Church. Classes opened in September, 1897 with six students enrolled. Despite support from Jackson and McMillan, the college experienced prolonged financial exigency and on numerous occasions faced imminent closure. Changing its name to Westminster College in 1902 and becoming more inter-denominational in orientation, the college survived and continues today as the only private, non-Mormon four-year college in Utah.33
Institutional founders frequently credited McMillan as a driving force in keeping the institution alive during its darkest days. In 1902, after Sheldon Jackson turned down an offer to become president, trustees seriously considered McMillan as a candidate for the position. After consulting with some of his peers, however, they removed his name from their list. While acknowledging his denominational connections and long experience with the Utah scene, the trustees concluded that "he was a difficult person to work with" and therefore not suitable for the Westminster presidency.34
In 1899, McMillan returned to the pastorate as senior minister at the New York Presbyterian Church until 1911 when he became secretary of the Board of Church Erection (1912-1915). He concluded his career as general secretary of the New York Sabbath Committee (1915-1933). McMillan died in Denville, New Jersey on June 27, 1939, in his ninety-fourth year. His obituary in The New York Times eulogized his career as clergyman, educator, and administrator. It also noted that McMillan had traveled "to the heart of Mormon Utah, where no missionary had ever ventured, and where he often preached with his pistol on the pulpit."35 A legendary figure in his own lifetime, McMillan continues to be remembered as a charismatic figure who greatly influenced the development of religious and educational life in Utah.
. Banker, Mark T. 1993. Presbyterian Missions and Cultural Interaction in the Far Southwest 1850-1890. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Baird, Robert. 1844. Religion in The United States of America. Glasgow and Edinburgh: Blackie and Sons.
Brackenridge, R. Douglas. 1995a."'Are You That Damned Presbyterian Devil?' The Evolution of an Anti-Mormon Story." The Journal of Mormon History. Spring, 1995:80-105.
__________. 1995b. "The Evolution of an Anti-Mormon Story." Journal of Mormon History Spring:103-04.
Freece, Hans P. 1931. "Dividends From Utah." The Presbyterian Magazine. October, 1931:556-57.
Jackson, Sheldon. 1876. "Persecutions on a Home Mission Field." The Rocky Mountain Presbyterian. April, 1876:2.
Jackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. 8. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House. Reprint.
McMillan, Duncan J. N. D. "Early Days of Wasatch Academy." typescript in Wasatch Academy Archives.
__________. 1875. "An Appeal to Christian Women." The Rocky Mountain Presbyterian. April, 1875:2.
__________. 1879. "Pulpit and Revolver." The Salt Lake Tribune. 22 June 1879:4.
__________. 1899. "Mormon Doctrines." The Assembly Herald. October, 1899:198-201.
__________. 1922. "Early Education Days in Utah." The Utah Westminster. October, 1922:11.
McMillan, Florence. 1939. The Reverend Duncan J. McMillan 1846-1939: A Tribute. New York: private printing.
Nyman, Emil. 1975. Westminster College: 100 Years. Salt Lake City: private printing.
Penrose, Charles W. 1884a. "Rev. (?) R. G. McNeice Self-Convicted." The Desert Evening News, 21 June.
__________. 1884b. "More Proof of McNeices Falsehood. " The Desert Evening News. 23 June.
Reherd, Herbert W. 1949 "Outline of Protestant Churches in Utah." In Utah: A Centennial History, edited by Wade Sutton. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company.
1. For an excellent introduction to Presbyterian missions in the southwest, see Banker 1993.
2. For example, see "The Fruits of Mormonism," The Rocky Mountain Presbyterian. May, 1879:2.
3. For typical Mormon-Presbyterian exchanges, see Penrose 1884a:2 1884b:2.
4. Minutes of Utah Presbytery (PCUSA), 1 March 1875, Presbyterian Historical Society Archives, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Hereafter, PHS Archives.
5. Letters, Josiah Welch to Sheldon Jackson, 3 April, 16 April, and 3 May 1875, PHS Archives.
6. Letter, Duncan J. McMillan to Sheldon Jackson, 17 March 1875, PHS Archives. See also, "School Work," The Salt Lake Tribune, 13 January 1878:2.
7. Letters, Duncan J. McMillan to Sheldon Jackson, 31 March and 21 April 1875, PHS Archives.
8. Letter, Duncan J. McMillan to Sheldon Jackson, 1 May 1875, PHS Archives.
9. An account of Youngs speech can be found in Mt. Pleasant Meeting, 23 June 1875, typescript, 6, Mount Pleasant Stake, Historical Department Archives of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah.
10. Letter, Duncan J. McMillan to Sheldon Jackson, 3 July 1875, Sheldon Jackson Scrapbook, 6:50-52, PHS Archives.
11. Letters, Duncan J. McMillan to Sheldon Jackson, 6 December 1876 and 8 January 1877, PHS Archives.
12. For a detailed account, see Brackenridge 1995a.
13. "Religious Intelligence," Harpers Weekly, 15 April 1876:311. Unidentified clippings in Sheldon Jacksons Scrapbook, 6:165-66, PHS Archives, attest to the storys wide distribution.
14. "Fair Warning," Herald and Presbyter, 10 May 1876:1, and "Presbyterianism in Utah," 18 April 1877:2.
15. Mormons frequently argued that McMillans story was simply a rehash of one told by Methodist minister C. P. Lyford, who claimed that his life had been threatened while serving in Provo, Utah. See "Poor Creatures," The Desert Evening News, 27 May 1879:2, and "Fathering Falsehoods," 12 September 1881:2.
16. "Puts Blame on Brigham Young," The Salt Lake Herald, 17 May 1903:4. For a full discussion of this incident, see Brackenridge 1995b:103-104.
17. "Utah and New Mexico," The Chicago Tribune, 23 May 1877:2.
18. An account of McMillans speech can be found in The Chicago Tribune, 23 May 1877:4-5.
19. Letter, Duncan J. McMillan to Sheldon Jackson, 19 October 1876, PHS Archives.
20. Letter, Duncan J. McMillan to Sheldon Jackson, 16 October 1880.
21. Letter, Duncan J. McMillan to Henry Kendall, 19 July 1880, PHS Archives.
22. For example, see McMillan 1899.
23. Letter, Duncan J. McMillan to Mrs. F. E. Haines, 30 July 1880, PHS Archives.
24. Minutes of the Presbytery of Utah, Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, 20 and 22 August, 1883, PHS Archives.
25. Copies of these letters can be found in Record Group 305-15-52 in PHS Archives.
26. For example, "Pioneers of the Cross," Home Mission Monthly, (December, 1920):29-31.
27. Minutes of the Presbytery of Utah, 28 March 1892, PHS Archives.
28. The Church Review, "Salt Lake College," 4 (December 29, 1895):59-60.
29. Letters, Sheldon Jackson to Duncan J. McMillan, 22 April and 29 August 1895, and Robert J. McNeice to Duncan J. McMillan 24 April 1895, PHS Archives.
30. Letter, Duncan J. McMillan to Sheldon Jackson, 26 August 1895, PHS Archives.
31. Letter, Robert G. McNeice to Sheldon Jackson, 26 April 1898, PHS Archives. Jackson told the Presbytery of Utah in 1898 that if they changed the college charter to accommodate the Congregationalists, potential donations exceeding $100,000 would immediately be lost. Letter, Robert G. McNeice to E. C. Ray, 12 November 1898, PHS Archives.
32. Letter, Robert G. McNeice to John Eaton, 18 February 1899, PHS Archives.
33. For a brief history of Westminster College, see Nyman 1975.
34. Letter, Robert McNeice to Sheldon Jackson, 1902, PHS Archives.
35. "Duncan McMillan Retired Minister," The New York Times, 28 June 1939:21.
Speel Festschrift Table of Contents
Return to Monmouth College Department of Classics Homepage


- South Oxhey, represented by Labour Councillors Stephen Cox, Joan King and Stephen King .
- Oxhey Hall and Hayling, which combines the former Hayling ward with the former Oxhey Hall ward.
- Carpenders Park, which includes some parts of the South Oxhey estate.
To contact your local Labour Councillor, just follow the links above: each Councillor has a contact form and a phone number.
Both South Oxhey and Oxhey Hall are part of Hertfordshire County Council, responsible for major roads, schools, children's services, social services amongst others. South Oxhey is represented by Labour Councillor Joan King. Oxhey Hall's County Council division is called Oxhey Park.
Finally South Oxhey is in the South West Hertfordshire parliamentary constituency, whereas Oxhey Hall is in the Watford parliamentary constituency.


text:
Small Business Information Technology
IGNITE Program Sparks Momentum for BCMstrategy
Earlier this year, BCMstrategy, Inc. received a Prince William County Department of Economic Development IGNITE Startup Grant for the high-growth of their signature product, PolicyScope™, which automatically measures and analyzes public policy risks. Since then, BCMstrategy has not slowed down.
The company has been using patented technology to generate quantitative data from public policy since early 2019. Yet the IGNITE funding allowed Barbara C. Matthews, Founder and CEO, to establish their offices in Brickyard Cowork in Woodbridge.
"Brickyard's dynamic facility and fabulous staff have provided us with the perfect place for our business," says Matthews.
Our IGNITE Startup Grants are offered to high-growth companies who are already located here or are looking to locate in Prince William County. Grants are offered at the 25K, 50K, and 100K levels depending on the applicant's qualifications. Learn more at ignite.pwcded.org!
Matthews has continued to improve the award-winning, patented, backtested multivariate time series data and the underlying structured language data to provide advocates and quantitative finance professionals with the foundation for measuring exposure to a range of public policy risks objectively and in real-time.
BCMstrategy, Inc. recently released upgraded datasets for digital currency policy, climate finance policy, and monetary policy that align to capital market automated workflows by attaching stock market ticker symbols to its data. This process is called "tickerization."
Portfolio managers and strategists can now measure their exposure to public policy risks in relation to a broad range of sector market indices, ETFs, equity and fixed income instruments, leading digital and reserve currencies, and selected commodities. Spikes in verbal activity regarding specific policy issues can now be translated immediately and automatically into quantitative investment risk assessments:
The company also continues to accept new investment, including a leading technology company (KiwiTech) and a venture capital fund focused on female founders (Copper Wire). In addition, BCMstrategy was awarded a Commonwealth Commercialization Fund grant to undertake deep tech research and development work that supported the tickerization initiative.
"The KiwiTech investment brings within reach a range of machine learning, natural language processing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technologies which will accelerate our delivery of the next phase of decision intelligence tools trained on our curated, objective data," says Matthews. "When portfolio managers and strategic analysts can anticipate public policy trajectories using objective data, they make better decisions."
Matthews is also excited to expand the BCMstrategy team, including a new senior advisor, and the two undergraduates from George Mason University who served as sales and marketing interns over the summer.
"The IGNITE Startup Grant early this year served as a catalyst and provided us with a foundation for generating forward progress throughout 2022," says Matthews. "We look forward to building on this momentum during 2023 and beyond."
← Our Top Viewed 2022 Blog Posts
IGNITE Startup Grant Winners: Where Are They Now? →
Tots to Teens Therapy Expands Online and in Woodbridge
Apr 6, 2022 3 min read
The Ever-Evolving Workforce
Rooted in the Community

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In 'Inquiry into Practice: Learning Global Matters in Local Classrooms' (Eds. K. Broad, M. Evans, D. Montemurro, & M. Gambhir), OISE/University of Toronto, 2014.
This funded research study is a collaboration between OISE and the TDSB that investigated the potential of using school-university partnerships as a form of professional development for teachers and pre-service students in Environmental and Sustainability Education.
Toronto District School Board, 2010.
This report summarizes the effects on professional learning and teaching practices of teachers who participated in the 2009 Summer Institute in Ecoliteracy. Contact me for more information on this report.
(Research Report to the IALEI), 2009.
Transformation of Teacher Education OISE/University of Toronto, 2007.
Initial Teacher Education: Enriching and Extending Partnerships, OISE/University of Toronto, 2008.
Canadian Review of Art Education, vol. 32, 2005.


text:
package com.philihp.weblabora.model.building;

import static com.philihp.weblabora.model.TerrainTypeEnum.HILLSIDE;

import java.util.EnumSet;

import com.philihp.weblabora.model.Board;
import com.philihp.weblabora.model.BuildCost;
import com.philihp.weblabora.model.Player;
import com.philihp.weblabora.model.SettlementRound;
import com.philihp.weblabora.model.UsageParamDouble;
import com.philihp.weblabora.model.WeblaboraException;

public class DruidsHouse extends BuildingDoubleUsage {

	public DruidsHouse() {
		super("I15", SettlementRound.A, 4, "Druid's House", BuildCost.is().clay(1).stone(1), 6, 6,
				EnumSet.of(HILLSIDE), false);
	}

	@Override
	public void use(Board board, UsageParamDouble param) throws WeblaboraException {
		Player player = board.getPlayer(board.getActivePlayer());

		if(player.getBook() <= 0)
			throw new WeblaboraException(getName()+" requires that the current player have at least 1 book.");
		player.subtractBook(1);

		if(param.getWood() != 0) {
			player.addWood(5);
			if(param.getSecondary().getWood() != 0)
				throw new WeblaboraException(getName()+" makes 5 of one basic good and 3 of another. It cannot make 8 wood.");
		}
		else if(param.getClay() != 0) {
			player.addClay(5);
			if(param.getSecondary().getClay() != 0)
				throw new WeblaboraException(getName()+" makes 5 of one basic good and 3 of another. It cannot make 8 clay.");
		}
		else if(param.getGrain() != 0) {
			player.addGrain(5);
			if(param.getSecondary().getGrain() != 0)
				throw new WeblaboraException(getName()+" makes 5 of one basic good and 3 of another. It cannot make 8 grain.");
		}
		else if(param.getPenny() != 0) {
			player.addPenny(5);
			if(param.getSecondary().getPenny() != 0)
				throw new WeblaboraException(getName()+" makes 5 of one basic good and 3 of another. It cannot make 8 penny.");
		}
		else if(param.getSheep() != 0) {
			player.addSheep(5);
			if(param.getSecondary().getSheep() != 0)
				throw new WeblaboraException(getName()+" makes 5 of one basic good and 3 of another. It cannot make 8 sheep.");
		}
		else if(param.getPeat() != 0) {
			player.addPeat(5);
			if(param.getSecondary().getPeat() != 0)
				throw new WeblaboraException(getName()+" makes 5 of one basic good and 3 of another. It cannot make 8 peat.");
		}
		else {
			throw new WeblaboraException(getName()+" can only make basic goods, but no basic good was specified in the first parameter. Basic goods are Wood, Clay, Grain, Sheep, Penny, and Peat.");
		}

		if(param.getSecondary().getWood() != 0)
			player.addWood(3);
		else if(param.getSecondary().getClay() != 0)
			player.addClay(3);
		else if(param.getSecondary().getGrain() != 0)
			player.addGrain(3);
		else if(param.getSecondary().getPenny() != 0)
			player.addPenny(3);
		else if(param.getSecondary().getSheep() != 0)
			player.addSheep(3);
		else if(param.getSecondary().getPeat() != 0)
			player.addPeat(3);
		else throw new WeblaboraException(getName()+" can only make basic goods, but couldn't find any in the second parameter. Basic goods are Wood, Clay, Grain, Sheep, Penny, and Peat.");
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
All Movie Reviews, Comedy, Drama, Leave it, Long Reviews (>400 Words)
The Upside (2019) Movie Review
The Upside is a remake of the 2011 French film Intouchables, a facile yet hugely crowd-pleasing story about a white wealthy quadriplegic who hires a black ex-con to be his live-in caregiver. In the American iteration, the two roles are fulfilled by Bryan Cranston and Kevin Hart, with the role of Philip Lacasse's (Cranston) uptight executive Yvonne being played by Nicole Kidman.
Neil Burger's film is just as facile, and likely just as crowd-pleasing, as Intouchables.
Dell Scott (Hart) is on the hunt for a job—something he does not want, but something required to assuage his parole officer. Meanwhile, he wants to be a good father to his son (Jahi Di'Allo Winston) despite not providing for his family up to this point. Phil has lost faith in life since his accident, so he lies in bed blasting opera all day.
Dell gets the job as Phil's carer, in spite of having no experience, and the two learn to grow and become unlikely friends. Phil teaches Dell the beauty of opera, and Dell teaches Phil how not to take opera too seriously. Groundbreaking stuff.
Along the way, female characters receive thankless roles, an extended bit about a catheter makes it more difficult to forget Hart's recent controversies, and all manner of mawkish sentimentality is conjured up.
It is all very trite, and it plods along for more than two hours. Simple, avoidable conflict "moves" the story along, and our dual protagonists advance as humans in a flagrantly easy manner. For those not seeking a challenging experience, The Upside might fit the mold. But the classist implications and the stereotyping do not make it apparently palatable.
The upside of The Upside is that Cranston and Hart are serviceable in their roles. Both show about the same level of charisma as their French counterparts, and they keep the movie watcheable.
But the charm of leads alone is not enough to salvage the charmless narrative they find themselves in. By the end of the film, when narrative threads are wrapped up in factory-produced bows, each scene reads like a Hallmark card with no human sentiments written on the inside. An equal analogy could be made using Phil Lacasse's epistolary relationship. He can recite Yeats for his pen pal's pleasure, but he comes up resoundingly silent when it comes to creating a genuine poetic thought of his own.
The Upside puts emotional signposts on the screen. Phil is mad, so Dell helps purge his frustration by breaking expensive objects. When that scene adequately portrays that emotion, the film moves on to the resolution to that purgation: music and partying and laughing. The film can recite familiar feelings, but it doesn't produce much out of that. It is a film which is soured by its sweetness.
The Upside: D+
2019Bryan CranstonIntouchablesKevin Hartmovie reviewNicole KidmanThe Upside
Previous PostOn the Basis of Sex (2018) Movie ReviewNext PostGlass (2019) Movie Review


text:
European Cybersecurity Fellowship 2022-2023
APPLICATIONS OPEN: European Cybersecurity Fellowship 2023-2024
Cyber Security Seminar
Cyber Conflict References Project
Where to do a PhD in Cyber Conflict in Europe?
Are you interested in pursuing a PhD in the field of cyber conflict or cyber security? This page provides a non-comprehensive list of relevant PhD programs and available supervisors in Europe, followed by their respective biographies (by alphabetical order).
Would you like to add your PhD program to the list? Please fill out the following survey.
Last updated: 20 December 2022.
University Department / program Supervisor Areas of interest Part-time
option Remote
ETH Zurich Center for Security Studies Andreas Wenger Cyber security, Technology, Security Studies No No
Hertie School N/A Anita Gohdes Digital repression, digital authoritarianism, Hybrid warfare, Propaganda, Information Operations No No
King's College London Department of War Studies Tim Sevens Politics of cybersecurity; cyberwarfare; cyber conflict; political economy of cybersecurity. Yes No
Loughborough University Computer Science Tim Watson cyber resilience, critical infrastructure, adversarial AI, defensive deception Yes Yes
Masaryk University Institute of law and technology, Faculty of law Stupka Vaclav Legal, policy and compliance issues related to cybercrime, cybersecurity and cyber defence Yes No
Université de Bordeaux Faculté de droit et de science politique Sébastien-Yves Laurent Cyber coercion. Cyber conflict. Cyber governance. Epistemology & methodology Yes Yes
University of Nottingham Politics and International Relations Joe Burton Cyber war, cyber crime, emerging technologies, cyber Diplomacy Yes No
University of Oxford Blavatnik School of Government Roxana Radu Tech & public policy, Internet governance, cybersecurity governance Yes No
University of Portsmouth Strategy, Enterprise, Innovation (SEI) Clare Stevens Critical cyber security; science and technology studies; cyber conflict Yes Yes
Westphalian University Computer Science, Cyber Security Christian Dietrich Threat Intelligence, Attribution, Malware Analysis No No
Andreas Wenger is professor of International and Swiss Security Policy at ETH Zurich. He studied History, Political Science and German Literature at the University of Zurich. He holds a Doctorate from the University of Zurich and was a visiting fellow at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and the Center of International Studies, Princeton University. During that period, he wrote his doctoral dissertation analyzing the role of nuclear weapons in the Cold War international system. The focus of his main research interests lies on security and strategic studies and the history of international relations. Within the MA program in Comparative and International Studies (MACIS), he teaches seminars on political violence and security politics.
Andreas Wenger has been the Director of the Center for Security Studies (CSS) at ETH Zurich since 2002. The CSS is a center of excellence for national and international security policy. Since its foundation in 1986, the CSS has fulfilled a national role at the intersection of academia and public policy and a key bridging function vis-à-vis society and politics. The CSS maintains a strong partnership with the Federal Department of Defense, Civil Protection and Sport (DDPS) and the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA). These partnerships cover research, education, and policy engagement.
I'm Professor of International and Cyber Security at the Hertie School in Berlin. Previously, I was Assistant Professor of International Relations at the University of Zurich, and postdoctoral research fellow at the Belfer Center and the Women and Public Policy Program in the Harvard Kennedy School. Prior to that I worked at the Chair for Political Science IV at the University of Mannheim, where I obtained my PhD.
My research focuses on political violence, state repression and the measurement of human rights. My book project theoretically and empirically investigates how governments use cyber controls to inform their strategies of violent repression. The book is based on my dissertation, which was awarded the 2014-2016 Walter Isard Dissertation Award (given every two years by the Peace Science Society International), and the Deutscher Studienpreis 2015 (German Dissertation Prize) for the Social Sciences.
My work has been covered by various news outlets and is accepted or appears in the American Journal of Political Science, Journal of Politics, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Peace Research, Nature Human Behavior, Journal of Human Rights, and at Oxford University Press. I am also an Associate Editor at the Journal of Peace Research.
Since 2009, I have been working for the Human Rights Data Analysis Group. Read our UN report on the documented death toll in Syria here, and our report on the number of killings in Syrian detention centers here. I've also worked with Amnesty International on investigating the human rights costs on Internet shutdowns.
My pronouns are she/her.
Dr Stevens is Senior Lecturer in Global Security and head of the King's Cyber Security Research Group. His research looks at the intersection of technology, politics and global security practices, with specific interests in the politics and governance of cybersecurity. He has also written on time and temporality in International Relations, including in a monograph, Cyber Security and the Politics of Time (Cambridge University Press, 2016).
He joined the Department of War Studies as a lecturer in 2016, having previously taught at King's and Royal Holloway University of London.
Dr Stevens has a BA (Hons) in Archaeology from University College London, and an MA, MRes and PhD in War Studies from King's College London. He is an elected Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. He is also a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy and Senior Fellow and Associate Researcher at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam), Paris. He is the inaugural International Fellow at the Research Institute for Sociotechnical Cyber Security (RISCS).
Tim Stevens' research is situated at the intersection of technology, politics and global security. He is particularly interested in information technologies and their roles in shaping and enabling global security practices. He has written extensively on the politics and governance of cybersecurity, especially in its strategic and international dimensions.
His current research projects explore: the role of offensive cyber operations in UK strategy; the nature and character of fragmentation in global cybersecurity governance; and topologies of cyberwarfare.
Tim Watson is a Professor at Loughboroeugh University. He is also the Programme Director for Alan Turing Institute's defence and security programme. He is an adviser to various parts of the UK government and to several professional and standards bodies.
Tim's research includes EU-funded projects on combating cyber crime, UK MoD research into automated defence, insider threat and secure remote working, and UKRI-funded research, focusing on the protection of critical national infrastructure against cyber attack. In PETRAS he is the Chair of the Research Excellence Board.
Deputy director of the cooperative research institute focused on cybersecurity, that was established by Masaryk University, Czech Technical University and Brno University of Technology. Focus on research coordination, coordination of services provided by the CSH within the European Digital Innovation Hub consortium and management of certification activities of the CSH.
Bordeaux Faculté de droit et de science politique Sébastien-Yves Laurent Cyber coercion. Cyber conflict. Cyber governance. Epistemology & methodology Yes Yes
Professor at the University of Bordeaux (UB, Faculty of Law and Political Science), Vice-President of the UB and lecturer at Sciences Po Paris.
In the context of state analysis, Sébastien-Yves' three main research interests are the role of social sciences for analysis and anticipation, the dynamics of armed conflict, and issues of governance and conflict in cyberspace
In collaboration with Jean-Pierre Bat, François David, Philippe Hayez and Floran Vadillo, he directs the seminar "METIS, Intelligence and democratic societies".
My research is focused on the relationship between culture, politics and cyber security (cyber warfare, cyber peace, cyber diplomacy, cyber crime etc.) and the positive and negative impacts of emerging technologies (e.g. Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computing) on international relations. I have extensive interdisciplinary research experience, including working with behavioural scientists, statisticians, and computer scientists on security issues, including cyber security, AI, maritime security, non-proliferation, regional collective security, information warfare and hybrid threats.
I have worked at the highest levels of professional politics and policy, as an advisor to Cabinet Ministers in New Zealand and the UK, a national campaign coordinator, legislative assistant, researcher, and political organiser.
I am recipient of the US Department of State SUSI Fellowship (New York, Washington D.C.), the Taiwan Fellowship (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taipei), the Fernandes Fellowship (University of Warwick) and I have been a visiting researcher and lecturer at the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE, Tallinn, Estonia).
I hold a Doctorate in International Relations and a Master of International Studies degree from the University of Otago, New Zealand and an undergraduate degree in International Relations from Aberystwyth University in Wales.
Roxana Radu is a Departmental Lecturer in Technology and Public Policy. Her research focuses on the governance of digital technologies and internet-related policymaking. She is the author of the monograph 'Negotiating Internet Governance' (Oxford University Press, 2019), inspired by her work with the diplomatic community in Geneva, Switzerland. Since 2020, she has been the Program Chair of the Global Internet Governance Academic Network (GigaNet).
Prior to joining the Blavatnik School, Roxana was a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, University of Oxford and a Research Associate at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. She holds a PhD (summa cum laude) in International Relations from the Graduate Institute and an MA in Political Science (with honours) from the Central European University.
I am a Teaching Fellow in International Security based at RAF College Cranwell, working as part of the Portsmouth Military Education team (PME).
My PhD thesis took an in-depth critical look at cybersecurity politics in the United States. Despite its prominence in security discourses and policies in the United States, what counts as 'cybersecurity' and how it is to be practised by state actors is still a matter of ongoing contention. By deploying the analytical framework of 'boundary work' from Science and Technology Studies (STS), I argued that what cybersecurity 'is,' and how its boundaries are drawn, are not overdetermined by strategic or technological imperatives, so much as they reflect the efforts of different entities to defend and extend their own organisational and symbolic boundaries. As my thesis found, this approach opened up critical questions over the extent to which security imaginaries and conceptions of US national identity work as important codes of intelligibility in (and transformed through) cybersecurity politics over time, finding that technologies, consequential categories, institutional responsibilities, political authority, and national identity are also constituted and challenged in and through these debates.
As well as exploring cybersecurity politics in other contexts and settings, my current reasearch is also looking at the role that time and temporality plays in government secrecy and is also examining what emerging conceptions of 'cyber power,' and its strategic implications, mean for the UK.
I am interested in research that takes a critical and reflexive approach to matters of security, and that questions commonplace assumptions about cybersecurity at the international and national security levels. My research is interdiscplinary in nature, sitting at the intersections between critical security studies, International Relations, STS, sociology and politics.
In 2017, Chris joined the Westphalian University as a professor of computer and network security. He is interested in systems security, and in particular malware analysis techniques in the context of targeted attacks, as well as the broader field of threat intelligence analysis.
With years of experience as a technical threat intelligence analyst with CrowdStrike, Chris has dealt with advanced nation-state targeted attacks.
Together with Lars Wallenborn, he initiated and contributes to the Armchair Investigators podcast dealing with malware, cybercrime and cyber espionage (in German).
Posted byadmin December 21, 2022 December 21, 2022 Posted inCareer opportunities
CFP European Cybersecurity Seminar 2023-2024
We are inviting abstract submissions to the 2023-2024 session of the European Cybersecurity Seminar. Our Seminar, hosted by the European Cyber Conflict Research Initiative (ECCRI), provides cybersecurity researchers and practitioners with a platform to present and get feedback on research projects and papers. We hold monthly hour-long seminar meetings via Zoom where participants can present research to the community. To ensure high-quality feedback, for each presentation ECS identifies and assigns an expert discussant to each paper who provides detailed comments, before opening up the discussion to all participants in the call.
For our 2023-2024 session, we invite abstract submissions on the topic of cybersecurity broadly understood, from both academics and practitioners at all stages of the project cycle. It could be an idea for a project, a concept note, a first draft or a finished research article that requires final polishing. With the goal to both push European research on cybersecurity ahead and support the growing academic community projects at all stages are welcome.
Please send your abstracts of 200-300 words to cyberseminar@eccri.eu by February 20, ideally in the email text rather than as attachments. We will select the best 12 submissions and announce the schedule from April 2023-April 2024 by the end of March. As before, we especially encourage junior scholars to submit.
We look forward to reading your submissions, and to seeing you online!
Lennart Maschmeyer and Lilly Pijnenburg-Muller (co-chairs)
Posted byadmin January 31, 2023 January 31, 2023 Posted inevents
REGISTRATION CLOSED: The Big Cyber Ideas Festival 2022!
The Big Cyber Ideas Festival is back!
In 2022, it is a truism to say that the internet underpins almost every aspect of our daily lives. In a world beset by geopolitical tensions and conflict, the lingering consequences of a global pandemic, increasing cyber threats to states, organizations, and individuals, and a growing climate emergency, big cyber ideas are needed more than ever.
How can we harness trends such as multipolar internet governance, new sources of and tools for analyzing data, and the power of greater global connectivity through social media, to tackle these global challenges rather than exacerbating them?
Join us on Wednesday 21st September, 4.30-7pm CEST, for a creative, inspiring, and unique event that thinks differently about the major issues of the day. We will be re-imagining cyber policy, strategy, and practice to highlight new perspectives, new research, and, of course, big cyber ideas.
This year, the festival will take place in Gathertown (a proto-metaverse, for those who are fond of multisyllabism), with talks, discussions, and fun and games all round.
Posted byadmin September 5, 2022 October 3, 2022 Posted ineventsTags: Big Cyber Ideas Festival, Events
Tallinn Workshop Report
Cyber Operations during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine: Lessons Learned (so far)
What key lessons can we draw from the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine about the role of cyber operations in military conflict? How do Russian cyber operations differ in wartime compared to peacetime activity? And what cyber activity can we expect in the months ahead?
On 30 May, the European Cyber Conflict Research Initiative (ECCRI) held a roundtable in Tallinn discussing these questions about the impact of cyber operations during the war in Ukraine. The event included cyber threat intelligence and incident response practitioners, corporate representatives, academics, and officials from key governments and international institutions. It was off-the-record and invite-only, to enable those attending to be as frank as possible. Nonetheless, we thought it useful – in consultation with all attendees – to make several lines of discussion public.
Workshop Report (Public Version)
Posted byadmin July 6, 2022 July 6, 2022 Posted inevents
ECCRI Book Forum on the Dynamics of Cyber Conflict
Wednesday, 20 July 2022 from 5-6pm CET
On Wednesday, 20 July 2022 from 5-6pm CET, the European Cyber Conflict Research Initiative invites you to a virtual Book Forum, with the authors (Harknett, Moore and Smeets) of the following three recently published books:
Michael P. Fischerkeller, Emily O. Goldman, and Richard J. Harknett, 'Redefining National Security in Cyberspace,' Oxford University Press, (2022)
Daniel Moore, 'Offensive Cyber Operations: Understanding Intangible Warfare,' Oxford University Press & Hurst Publishers, (2022)
Max Smeets, 'No Shortcuts: Why States Struggle to Develop a Military Cyber-Force,' Oxford University Press & Hurst Publishers, (2022)
The authors will discuss the conditions of cyber force development, cyber operations during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the future national cyber security strategy.
James Shires, an Assistant Professor at the Institute for Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, will moderate the discussion.
Posted byadmin June 28, 2022 June 29, 2022 Posted inevents
Big Cyber Ideas Festival
Check back soon to find out more about the Big Cyber Ideas Festival 2022-2023
During the global pandemic, societies have moved online in an unprecedented way. Cyber threats and risks are exacerbated by this deepening digitalization.
The second edition of the Big Cyber Ideas Festival is an online event took place from September 21-23, 2021, with the purpose of exploring key questions for cyber security and digital policy in Europe.
We hosted three sessions across three days for practitioners, researchers, and the interested public. We're bringing together academic, government, and private sector experts to catalyze wide-reaching conversations on key policy developments.
The session topics tackled key questions around cybersecurity journalism, public attribution of cyber operations, and global perspectives on European cyber policy, including:
Why are cyber operations attributed to states by commercial companies, states, and international organizations such as the EU?
How are these attributions reported and discussed in national and international media?
And how do other states – including those at whom such accusations are directed – view European actions?
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
21 September, 4pm-5.15pm CET 22 September, 4pm-5.15pm CET 23 September, 4pm-5.15pm CET
Publicly Attributing Cyber Operations by the Private Sector Reflections on Investigative Journalism on Cyber Operations Global Perspectives on European Cyber Policy
– Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Sentinel One
– Selena Larson, Proofpoint
– Saher Naumann, BAE Systems
– Kim Zetter, Independent
– Lorenzo Franceschi-Bicchierai, VICE
– Hakan Tanriverdi, BR/ARD
– Jinghua Lyu, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue
– Pavel Sharikov, Russian International Affairs Council
– Pouria Askary, AT
– Arindrajit Basu, Centre for Internet & Society
– Florian Egloff, ETH Zurich Center for Security Studies
– Lilly Muller, King's College London Moderators
– Max Smeets, ETH Zurich Center for Security Studies
– Jamie Collier, FireEye
– James Shires, Leiden University
– Monica Kaminska, Leiden University


text:
Das Okanagan Country, in Kanada auch als Okanagan Valley bekannt, ist eine Region in der kanadischen Provinz British Columbia und dem US-Bundesstaat  Washington (wo es als Okanogan Country bezeichnet wird). Es wird definiert durch das Becken von Okanagan Lake und Okanagan River. Mit schätzungsweise 400.000 Einwohnern reicht das Okanagan Country vom Thompson Plateau nahe Grindrod (British Columbia) im Okanagan Valley bis zum Okanagan Highland im Okanogan County nahe dem Douglas County (Washington). Die größte Stadt im kanadischen Teil ist Kelowna mit einer Bevölkerung in der Metropolregion von 194.882 Einwohnern; die größte Stadt im US-amerikanischen Teil ist Omak (Washington) mit 4.881 Einwohnern (2011). Die Region nahm den Namen nach dem Ausdruck ukʷnaqín  aus dem Okanagan an. Das milde Klima und die große Nähe zu Seen, Flüssen und gebirgigen Regionen machen das Okanagan Country zu einem beliebten Ziel für Outdoor-Aktivitäten. Die Wirtschaft der Region wird von der Primärindustrie bestimmt, namentlich dem Agrar- und Forstsektor, obwohl mit zunehmenden Rentnerstädten und dem Erholungstourismus eine Diversifikation der Wirtschaft begonnen hat. Der US-amerikanische Teil gilt mit etwa zehn Prozent der Bevölkerung als stärker abgelegen als der kanadische Teil.

Geographie

Das Shuswap Highland und das Thompson-Plateau, außerhalb des gemeindefreien Grindrod, definieren die nördliche Grenze der Region; das Gelände hier ist gebirgig bis hügelig. Die südliche Grenze wird durch die Countys Chelan, Douglas und Grant definiert, obwohl noch Teile der Countys innerhalb des Okanagan Country liegen. Die Grenze zwischen Kanada und den Vereinigten Staaten, welche einen offiziellen Grenzübergang nach Osoyoos von Oroville aus bietet, teilt die Unterregionen Okanagan und Okanogan. Das Okanagan Highland und das Okanagan Basin definieren die wichtigsten geographischen Merkmale als hügelige Hochebene. Der Okanagan River und der Okanagan Lake sind die bekanntesten Gewässer im Okanagan Country; zusammen haben sie eine Fläche von 320 km². Laut Statistics Canada und dem United States Census Bureau nimmt die "geteilte Region" eine Gesamtfläche von mehr als 40.441 km² ein und ist damit größer als Belgien oder Taiwan. Die erweiterte Region mit den Teilen Chelan, Douglas und Grant machen noch ein weit größeres Gebiet aus. Die flächengrößte Gemeinde in der Region ist Spallumcheen mit 255,77 km², flächenmäßig somit größer als Seattle. Die südlichste Gemeinde ist Electric City im  Grant County. Weitere geographische Besonderheiten sind der Alta Lake State Park, der Columbia River, die Kaskadenkette, der Kalamalka Lake, der North Gardner Mountain, der Mahoney Lake, der Mara Lake, McIntyre Bluff, der Omak Lake, der Osoyoos Lake, der Similkameen River, der Shuswap River, der Skaha Lake, der Swan Lake, der Tuc-el-nuit Lake, der Vaseaux Lake und der Wood Lake.

Klima
Wie im südlichen British Columbia und Zentral-Washington weit verbreitet, hat das Okanagan Country ein Semiarides Klima (nach der Klassifikation von Köppen & Geiger Bsk) mit geringen Niederschlägen, heißen Sommern und milden Wintern. Die nördlicheren Gemeinden haben höhere Niederschläge und tiefere Temperaturen. Die Stadt Kelowna wird allgemein als Grenze zwischen dem semi-ariden Süden und dem etwas feuchteren Norden angesehen, was sich im Wechsel der Klimaklassifikation zum feuchten Kontinentalklima (Dfb) ausdrückt. Die Vegetation variiert von Kakteen und Salbeisträuchern im Südteil zu Lebensbäumen und Hemlocktannen im Norden. Die Region war vom Erdbeben in der Nördlichen Kaskadenkette 1872 betroffen, welches als das schwerste aufgezeichnete im Staat Washington gilt und sich am 14. Dezember 1872 ereignete. Das Epizentrum des Bebens wurde am Omak Lake lokalisiert. Das Beben hatte eine Stärke von 6,5 bis 7,0 und wurde von einem Nachbeben begleitet.

Gemeinden

Politik
Schätzungen der Bevölkerungszahlen von 2009 und 2011 durch BC Stats und das United States Census Bureau wiesen auf mehr als 400.000 Einwohner im Gesamtgebiet hin. Die US-amerikanische Bevölkerung stellt davon etwa zehn Prozent. Föderativ gesehen gehörte der kanadische Teil zum British Columbia Southern Interior, einem bis 2015 bestehenden Wahlbezirk, während der US-amerikanische Teil zum 4. Kongresswahlbezirk der USA gehört. Das Okanagan Country ist Teil der Regionalbezirke North Okanagan, Central Okanagan, Okanagan-Similkameen und der Countys Ferry und Okanogan, wobei auch Teile der Countys Grant, Clark and Douglas zu der Region gerechnet werden.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Okanogan Country

Geographie (Washington)
Weinbau in Washington
Geographie (British Columbia)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A cartridge technology that keeps pleats from collapsing under pressure and the inner core designed to maintain high volume flow of water.
The patented inner web support is folded at the same time as the filter substrate, giving the best support for better water flow and dirt entrapment in a filter cartridge. Superior design creating superior performance in filter cartridge technology.


text:
SHOP OUR MODERN DECOR INSPO STORE
INSPO Store
Although there are many design styles to choose from, here are a few popular styles to consider for your interior design project.
Known for simplicity in look and feel, Modern interiors have sleek lines, simple color palettes (lots of white!), state-of-the-art materials (glass, steel), and strong geometric shapes. Clean and streamlined are common terms associated with this minimal look. Furnishings exemplify the look with linear forms and polished surfaces. Art and accessories are minimal and carefully selected as highlights in the space.
Examples: Downtown KC Loft, Award Winning Headquarters
Most Traditional interiors are rooted in European influences (Greek, Italian, French, and English.) Color palettes tend to be rich with carved woods, sumptuous textures, and lots of ornate details. Velvets, silk brocades, toile wallcoverings, and lots of accessories build a layered look that endures time and trends.
Examples: Leawood Traditional New Build, Woodland Shores Lake House
This style is a middle ground between Traditional and Modern. The style is a beautiful balance of elegance and cleaner lines in furnishings. Some pieces may have a deep-rooted sense of history, while others are more modern with cleaner lines and forms. Color palettes tend towards classic neutrals and wood tones that create a calm and relaxing space that is chic and stylish. The spaces are warm and inviting.
Examples: Transitional Lake View Home
This 20th Century style is known for bold pops of color with a predominately neutral back drop. Like Modern, furniture is sleek with metal accents forming basic shapes and forms. Interiors tend to be bold and graphic. Statement art is a common theme in this commonly known "here and now" look.
Examples: Casual Contemporary, Sophisticated OP, KS Doctors Office
An ode to the Industrial Revolution, this urban loft/warehouse/historic downtown style loves unfinished raw materials – brick, steel, concrete, wood beams and columns. High ceilings are common with exposed ductwork and wiring. Renovated buildings are transformed into cozy, hip lofts, but the style is also emerging in all project types today, from retail to hospitality spaces.
Examples: Industrial Inspired Retail, KC Bier Co., The Cool Chiropractor
The 1950's -1960's era was the pinnacle of this design style. Since the millennium, this throw-back style has seen a huge reemergence in today's interiors. There is a retro nostalgia to the furniture forms and fabric prints that is combines a sense of modern with organic, simple forms and patterns. Teal blue/olive green, cherry red/bold orange, rich browns, and brassy metallics are common in a midcentury palette.
The farmhouse look has emerged from this warm, earthy, worn style. Painted hewn wood, stone, brick, brass and copper are common themes in a French Country home. Interiors are cozy and comfortable with plush sofas and linens. Accessories can be ornate, but well used. Antiques and eclectic furnishings complete the look.
Examples: French Countryside Home, Exquisite Master Suite
Hollywood has developed its own style with over-the-top interior design that screams rich, luxurious, elite opulence on display. However, this style can be paired down for a very sophisticated look, highlighting crystal chandeliers, statement furniture pieces, and bold print wallcoverings. Velvets in bold hues and color combinations create memorable interiors that feel dramatic and often feminine.
Examples: Boldly Modern Dining Room, Modern Glam Bathroom, Daringly Glam Open Plan
Anything goes with this style. It is about forming your own look that may combine any of the other design styles into a mix of antique, modern, and transitional furniture pieces. It's a mix that looks found over time while traveling, shopping flea-markets, and browsing chic boutiques. Often eclectic interiors are one-of-a-kind novelties that are difficult to duplicate. They breathe personality… the personality of their owner.
Examples: Merchants Pub & Plate Restaurant, Colorado Renovation
ARTS & CRAFTS / MISSION
Interestingly enough, this design style started as a protest to the lavish, overly cluttered interiors of the Victorian era at the turn of the 20th century. Arts & Crafts is an approach encompassing many styles – Craftsman (Bungalow), Cottage, Prairie Style, to name a few. This look is informal, yet cultured and eclectic. These simple and sophisticated interiors can include handmade décor, pottery, ceramics, silver/metals, and textiles. Many find comfort in the nature-inspired palettes featuring earth tones, stone, brick and wood elements.
Examples: Hodgdon Powder Company, Lakewood Pool Pavilion, Woodland Shores Lake House
COSTAL
This beachy style has a strict color palette of soft blues, greens, whites, creams, and tans. The style is the epitome of the relaxed life lived at the beach or lake. It is non-fussy, comfortable and airy in feeling. Striped patterns, natural textures (rope, sand, linens), and themed accessories recall the water. It's all about being comfortable and relaxed.
Appearing in France ahead of WWI, this style epitomized glamour, luxury, opulence, and became a symbol for faith in social and technological progress. Art Deco is best described as many styles unified by a modern desire. Common traits include stylized forms, metallic textures, bold geometric patterns, and bright colors. Exotic styles, high-end materials, and exquisite craftsmanship come together to shape this daring design approach.
Example: New Century Airport
KHL DESIGN STUDIO 12 SW 3rd Street Lee's Summit, MO 64063 Call: (816) 585-4569 Fax: (866) 349-0849
© 2023 KHL Design Studio. All Rights Reserved.
| Privacy Policy | Sitemap
Web Design and Development by Digital Division


Archaeology and Art are intertwined for me. I once spent my days creating precise illustrations of detailed artifacts for archives or digging artifacts out of the ground. By night I was covered in oil paint or clay slip. I've examined the nature of art and the diffusion of creative ideas; I've painted the undulating walls of a lava tube or the shape of a rock on canvas to release the details.
Art is in everything that is around us. It is in the chair we sit in, the pots we cook with, the toothbrush, the lamp. Creativity has been part of human life since the beginning of consciousness; it exists in utilitarian objects as well as sacred.
They say that all abstraction comes from something. But the moment an 'Idea' reveals itself to a person, it begins as an abstract thought until they make the item- until they make what will one day be an artifact. Abstraction is a necessary for reality to form. Abstraction is the question, Reality is often the answer. But when Abstraction remains, it causes us to look a bit deeper into our own psyche- an often uncomfortable moment.
Whether I am sculpting in clay, silversmithing, painting, or creating collage, my work is full of hints of nature, history and our humanity. I often zoom in on a detail often missed- the bubbles forming in foam around a rock in a stream or the inside of a wave.
One need not paint the whole ocean to see the wave just as one need not paint the forest to know one is among the trees.
University, Elementary, and Community education courses.
All artwork, writing and images are the sole property of Heather Clement Davis. Contact the artist at hdcdavis@gmail.com for permission.


As connections are being formed, some couples are starting to question their relationships. Read the latest Temptation Island episode recaps.
Episode three of Temptation Island picks up right where episode two left off -- at the women's bonfire, where Shari is in the midst of an emotional crisis. Footage of Javen flirting at the Beach Villa brought back the heartbreak she felt when he cheated years ago.
Javen and Shari both selected their dates for their laidback energy. Kady is immediately smitten with Wynn, who is cool and casual and exhibits an appealing combination of depth and humor -- all while riding a horse! Meanwhile, over at the zip-lining ropes, the women take note of John's package size (!!), which is accentuated by his harness. John bounces back from his dumpster fire of a first date with a smoother, more productive conversation with the easy-going Rachel. Evan is a nervous wreck and badly wants to impress Morgan; she forgives him, and -- over glasses of champagne -- they start over.
Back at the Beach Villa, the single ladies kill time during the dates by conspiring to write a message from a secret admirer in lipstick on Javen's bathroom mirror. Upon his return, Javen discovers the mirror and transforms into detective mode in order to identify the culprit(s). "When I find out who did this, I'll persecute them [sic]," he says, "to the fullest extent of my law." Evan and Morgan continue to bond, having completed a full 180 from a rocky start. "Today was kind of a perfect day," he tells her. Later, in confessional, he admits that he is developing a bit of a crush.
The guys brace themselves for what they might see at bonfire number two. Karl and Javen are unphased by the footage Mark shows them of their girlfriends. John is still hung up about the comment Kady made last week questioning his ability to effectively rear a child; he reveals that his own father committed suicide about five years ago. Evan is stung watching Kaci's date say "a cheater is a cheater." "That hurts," he says.


Yggdrasil Gaming is a young company that specialises in providing the online gaming industry with random number generator lottery content, online and mobile casino games and live lotto games. As a sign of the company's success and the industry's confidence in its future, the company won the Software Rising Star award at the EGR B2B 2015 Awards.
Thanks the company's early success, it's been able to partner up with a growing number of gaming operators, including Unibet, LeoVegas, Maria Casino and Mr Green. The company's headquarters are in Malta, while it also has a large office in Krakow, Poland.
One of the company's most impressive achievements is its iSENSE 2.0 mobile apps that have been developed for iPhones and Android phones. What iSENSE 2.0 does is it allows operators to simultaneously launch their games on desktop and mobile platforms. Yggdrasil Gaming have also developed Infinite API, which is designed to help casino operators to boost their engagement with customers, and Super Free Spins, which gives an infinite number of spins to different player segments with variable stop functions. This gives operators the chance to give players a 'spin until you win' experience on games that have a high variance.
The company's name is derived from Scandinavian mythology. In keeping with this, many of the games developed by Yggdrasil Gaming have a sort of Scandinavian feel to them; games available include scratch games and video scratch games, video slots, 3D video keno games, a live studio lotto game, progressive jackpots and an instant lotto express game. The company recently announced the launch of a brand new live lotto game that's going to take place daily from a studio in Malta and will have a €2.5 million progressive jackpot. The games come with immersive graphics and excellent sound effects and can all be tried out for free.
New in April 2018. With a very British feel, London Jackpots offers players, casino games, slots and scratch cards from software giants, Microgaming, NetEnt and NextGen to name a few. Available to play on desktop and mobile devices. Live chat and email support.