text:
About MIMA
About Mineral wool
MIMA responds to the Hackitt Review on Building Regulations and Fire Safety
Response to the Independent Review: Building Regulations and Fire Safety from the Mineral Wool Insulation Manufacturers' Association (MIMA)
The Mineral Wool Insulation Manufacturers' Association (MIMA) is a trade body providing an authoritative source of independent information and advice on glass and stone wool insulation. MIMA actively promotes the benefits of mineral wool insulation and the contribution it makes to the energy efficiency of buildings and the comfort of their occupants.
We represent four of the leading insulation companies in the UK - Isover Saint-Gobain, Knauf Insulation, Rockwool and Superglass.
MIMA welcomes the fact that the scope of the Building Regulations review is not limited to high rise domestic buildings and believe particular attention should be given to all mid- and high-rise, sensitive and high occupancy buildings such as schools, hospitals and care homes.
A wider review should consider the implications for fire safety in technology advances. Current developments in technology mean it is perfectly practical to track a product from factory to installation while keeping a digital record of what the product characteristics are – including fire performance, installer name and even a geo-located photo of the installation. That record can be handed over to future building occupants.
A thorough review of Approved Document B should follow the independent review with particular attention to all mid- and high-rise, sensitive and high occupancy buildings such as schools, hospitals and care homes.
This follow up review should consider wider testing methodologies' fitness for purpose. Specifically focusing on whether the testing regimes applying in all buildings are only testing a perfect installation rather than a 'real world' one.
Develop a comprehensive fire risk analysis for both existing and new buildings.
2. Response to Q1: Current regulations are ambiguous
Currently 'guidance' for facades in buildings over 18m high sits in multiple documents with Approved Document B referencing a variety of supporting documents which don't lead to clear and unambiguous guidance on what is or isn't permitted.
The Building Regulations demand that external walls adequately resist the spread of fire. Approved Document B says this can be achieved through the use of materials of limited combustibility (A1/A2 rated on the Euroclass system), or by undertaking a BS8414 test on a full façade system. For further details you are referred to BR135.
BR135 presents "generic fire performance design principles" rather than robust design details. It states that these elements are not exhaustive, and advises that "innovative designs and variations in material selection and design can be fully assessed only by full-scale testing".
For industry readers, this is ultimately a) ambiguous and inconclusive in determining which types of materials can and cannot be used on building facades and b) from the outset it introduces the possibility of using combustible materials through the use of 8414 testing.
The current regulations need to be made clear to avoid interpretations that can compromise public safety. To offer maximum public safety, the approved document should offer the only point of reference and, as covered below, the only permissible routes to compliance should be the use of Euroclass A1 or A2 rated products on facades which should be clearly set out in a redrafted Approved Document B. That redrafting should also clearly set out that Approved Document B is the only acceptable route to compliance.
3. Response to Q2: Routes to compliance
Current practice suggests four routes to compliance are available for facades on high rise buildings;
The use of non-combustible A1 / A2 Euroclass products in the systems
Undergoing a BS8414 system test and meeting the criteria set out in BR135
Desktop studies suggesting façade make ups will likely perform similarly in a fire to a construction tested in BS8414 and passing criteria in BR135
Fire Safety Engineering whole system analysis
Approved Document B is not the only means to compliance with the Building Regulations – other bodies are permitted to publish their own guidance on how the regulations can be met.
This has led to industry bodies such as the BCA and NHBC publishing their own guidance on BR135 – these guides both contained four routes to compliance including desktop studies, which allow for combustible materials to be used without even being tested.
There is substantial confusion within the industry and even amongst fire experts about what the official regulations do and do not state – many are under the false impression that the oft-quoted 'four routes to compliance' are in ADB or BR135, when they are not.
Only specifying either A1 or A2 Euroclass products / systems can ever offer certainty to occupants that the façade will offer the maximum protection against fire. All other routes permit human error or judgement in to the system.
This point is addressed in more detail under Q7.
4. Response to Q7: Classification
References in Approved Document B to national fire classifications such as "Class O" alongside Euroclasses A1, A2, B, C, D, E and F cause confusion - Class O certification is commonly misinterpreted to mean that a product is non-combustible.
The continued use of "Class O" classification has allowed manufacturers to imply a greater degree of fire-resistant performance than is actually the case. Similarly, marketing terms such as "fire
retarded", "fire safe" and "non-flammable" are frequently used to describe the reaction to fire properties of materials which are classified as combustible.
The difference between combustible and non-combustible materials is an extremely significant distinction which must not be blurred.
Combustible materials contain considerable fuel loads which contribute to the spread of fire.
The term 'non-combustible' is defined in official Government guidance provided in support of Building Regulations (including Approved Document B in England and Wales), by reference to the Euroclass classification system. Non-combustible products cannot contain significant quantities of combustible materials, including any glues and binders, as this would prevent them from achieving a non-combustible classification (which for example includes testing to determine calorific content in accordance with BS EN ISO 1716:2010).
Building regulations must offer greater assurance of fire safe performance for occupants of both residential and non-residential buildings over 18 metres. With the health of building occupants, a priority, the smoke toxicity of construction products must be tested, classified and labelled to provide important information to consumers and made a key component within Approved Document B.
The Euroclass system should be the only classification system referenced in a redrafted Approved Document B. All reference to the British Standard (BS) 'Class O' should be removed as this adds ambiguity and uncertainty of interpretation – indeed many report a belief that Class O classification is synonymous with 'non- combustible', which it clearly isn't.
Euroclass classifications should become the 'vocabulary' of a redrafted Approved Document B and, if any supporting documents remain, related documents. Any documents that use terminology linked in any way to combustibility that may be ambiguous or open to misinterpretation should be removed.
5. Response to Q7: Testing Methods
No modelling available can ever genuinely replicate the behaviour of a fire in a complex building in the real world while no fire test on a perfect installation can ever replicate fire behaviour in buildings that have received real world installation practices. Desktop studies do not produce a reliable indication of fire performance.
- Desktop studies
There are serious concerns about the validity and accuracy of probability-based calculations for both desktop studies and fire safety engineering and little to no experience is available today to show that buildings assessed using Fire Safety Engineering have performed as predicted during a fire.
Desktop studies do not produce a reliable indication of fire performance. These generalised assessments can do little more than guess at how combustible materials might behave in a fire on an unspecified building.
The acceptance of evidence produced by desktop studies has also promoted a light-touch approach which has encroached upon the regulatory regime as a whole, eroding the previous scepticism (and rigour of checks) that the proposal to use combustible materials such as plastic foam insulation would have once been expected to trigger.
- BS8414 test
Even passing a full BS8414 test does not necessarily indicate that a system would provide adequate resistance to a real-life fire.
Tests are conducted on perfectly installed systems, which do not reflect common installation issues in the market, as recognised in the Each Home Counts Review
As highlighted by the Fire Protection Association, the design of the test wall does not reflect real life structures as it misses important details such as windows and air vents.
Testing regimes must be continually reviewed to keep pace with construction practices as well as to ensure the process is sufficiently.
The BS8414 test should be updated to reflect real life construction features such as windows and vents.
The communication of test results based on perfect laboratory conditions must highlight the limitations of these tests in terms of predicting real life performance.
Given the fatal danger of toxic smoke, material testing and classification should be introduced for toxicity. These products must then be labelled and regulated accordingly.
6. Response to Q5: Enforcement
Clear guidance will allow easier interpretation however compliance clearly needs to be policed while sanctions for non-compliance robust. Approaches on how any new guidance will tackle policing and sanction should be clearly set out.
Sanctions need to be meaningful, tough and properly enforced.
7. Summary of recommendations:
The current ambiguous regulation must be replaced with clear, straightforward guidance.
All mid- to high- rise and sensitive buildings should be clad and insulated with Euroclass certified A1 and A2 materials only.
The adoption of a simple binary system with building materials classified as either non-combustible (Euroclasses A1 and A2) or combustible (Euroclasses B-F).
An equally rigorous approach should be taken with other elements of the building exterior, including roofs.
The BS EN 'Euroclass' system should be the sole classification system referred to in Approved Document B.
Regulations must take account of the creation of toxic smoke during fires. Materials testing and classification should be introduced for toxicity, which stringent limits set on their usage which take account of the fatal dangers of toxic smoke in a fire.
Government should give clear, unequivocal direction on certain key safety issues pertaining to accountability e.g. the use of desktop studies should be explicitly prohibited by government.
The Government must clearly communicate that Approved Document B provides the expected route to compliance.
8. For further information, please contact:
Sarah Kostense-Winterton
Mineral Wool Insulation Manufacturers Association (MIMA)
Email: sarah@mima.info
Tel: + 44 (0)20 7293 0870
Got a question or need some advice? If you can't find what you are looking for on our FAQs page, simply fill your contact details and query and one of our technical team will get back to you shortly.
GoogleReCaptcha field
Follow us on twitter © Copyright 2023 MIMA. All rights reserved.


Analysis of microRNA expression of tumoral and non-tumoral colonic tissues. The aim of this study was to analyze the global miRNA signatures in various groups of well-characterized CRCs based on the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI). Total RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 4 different groups (normal colonic mucosa, Lynch syndrome tumors, sporadic MSI tumors and MSS tumors) was isolated using the RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit (Ambion) according to manufacturer instructions. MiRNA expression profiles were analyzed using miRNA microarray platform.


text:
Surprise: Unaccompanied children crossing border may have right to stay
Little known law could allow many of the unaccompanied children to remain in the U.S. legally if they are "abandoned"
Posted by RedDawn Tuesday, July 1, 2014 at 06:47pm 40 Comments
Special Immigrant Juvenile Status.
If you haven't heard of it before now, you probably will as tens of thousands of unaccompanied minors flood across the border, having been "abandoned" by their parents in Central America.
A Legal Insurrection reader tipped us off to what could be a coming legal onslaught to give these children a right to stay in the U.S. permanently:
"Special Immigrant Juvenile Status is something that we attorneys on the border have been getting CLE training in for a while, but largely it has not been well known outside of CPS attorney work.
With the invasion now taking place, it is going to explode. No parents means that any immigrant child under 18 can apply for a Green Card as soon as they are deemed "abandoned" by their parents for 6 months by the court system. There are some other minor rules, but that is the big one….
The bill renewal was the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008. It modified and exempted application of certain rules which would normally result in inadmissibility…. Also, it set up an "expedited" review schedule that USCIS is REQUIRED to adjudicate SIJ petitions within 180 days of filing, and that interviews may be WAIVED for SIJ petitioners under 14 years of age or when it is determined that an interview is unnecessary.
Further, per the Violence Against Women Act of 2005, a SIJ petitioner may not be required to contact an individual who allegedly abused, abandoned or neglected the Juvenile.
What nobody is talking about (or maybe nobody has realized yet) is that this is going to flood the child welfare courts FIRST, before they get to the USCIS (certain findings of fact which can only be made by the state are prerequisites to SIJS applications) with a sudden influx of "abandoned" children, and put a strain on the CPS system like nothing that has ever been seen."
SIJS regulations are part of 8 CFR 204.11
Special Immigrant Juvenile Status (SIJS) allows for children to obtain federal legal status in the U.S. if a state court deems they cannot be reunited with the parents and have suffered either abuse, abandonment, neglect or other similar offenses under state law. Children must also be unmarried, and it must be determined that it's not in the child's best interest to return to their country. SIJS is not the same as refugee or asylum status, which both bear very different legal tests.
CNN reports, Little-known law allows abused immigrant children to stay in the U.S.:
Rebeca Salmon is an immigration attorney and the executive director of Access to Law, an organization that provides low-cost legal services. Salmon says that applying for this immigration benefit is difficult because you have to prove your case at the state and federal level.
"Not every kid that applies gets to stay. Not every kid who enters can even apply. You have to be abandoned, abused and neglected. You have to be without your parents. There are minimum requirements, but then there's also the rigorous process of immigration, so not every kid gets to stay," Salmon said.
Tens of thousands of unaccompanied minors have arrived to the United States this year, mainly from Central America. But Salmon says very few can actually qualify for this immigration benefit.
"If that's the only message you get out through this, please make sure that's clear. If you send your kids here or kids come on their own, you're fleeing something in your country, every case is different and every case is difficult," Salmon said.
It's worth reiterating that SIJS must first be granted through a state court before the federal government can provide any immigration benefit as a result. State courts cannot grant immigration status. Obtaining SIJS through a state court does not guarantee any immigration benefit will follow, only that a child is able to petition United States Citizenship and Immigration Services for legal permanent residency status.
Here's how Vox.com explains the problem of why these kids may not be sent back to their countries of origin:
The problem: Asylum isn't the only kind of legal status that child migrants are currently eligible for. Many of them would be eligible for Special Immigrant Juvenile Status — a special status, which allows a very rapid path to a green card, for children who can't be returned to their families because of "abuse, abandonment, or neglect."
So if the government wanted to block every option for legal status child migrants have, they'd have to change the way Special Immigrant Juvenile Status is given out.
The problem: Setting federal standards for "abuse, abandonment or neglect" is difficult, because that ruling is made by a judge in family court — which is operated by state governments.
Short of pressuring border states to influence judges' rulings, the only thing the federal government could do would be for Congress to repeal the law it passed in 2008, which expanded Special Immigrant Juvenile Status to anyone who can't be reunited with parents, and go back to the old standard of qualifying for "long-term foster care."
Children who pass all legal tests at both the state and federal level and are granted legal permanent residency status are then eligible for benefits like foster care. Factor in the more than 50,000 kids flooding across the border unaccompanied and it's hard to imagine how this does not become a huge problem, and quickly.
According to Fox News Latino, Despite White House Claims, Up To 80% Of Migrant Children Can Legally Stay In Country :
Before the criteria for SIJ visas were broadened, children who qualified for them were, for instance, one whose parents were both deceased.
But now, Johnson said, a child who in their native homeland has one deceased parent, an uninvolved or estranged parent, or an abusive or neglectful one can qualify for the visa.
In fact, some immigration experts argue that even the very act of sending a child across the border alone with a smuggler – even if it's out of a parent's well-intentioned concern and desperation – could form a legal basis for a court argument that the parent acted with neglect by putting the minor in an unsafe situation. And, by extension, a court can be asked to consider the neglect as a basis for giving that minor an SIJ visa.
Of course there's no way of knowing exactly how the U.S. government plans to respond to the child immigrant influx, but it's clear there is a legal remedy that could ultimately create a new class of legal permanent residents who are also wards of the state. Legal permanent residents are not able to petition for family members who are not a spouse, child or child of a spouse.
Additionally, as a condition of SIJS, parents are unable to receive sponsorship from their children while their children remain in SIJS status. Should this new class of legal permanent resident holders naturalize, they'd be able to sponsor parental units at some point in the future.
Consequently, as this Texas-based immigration expert points out, the message being sent to our southern neighbors is exactly what we are trying to avoid:
"It's a subversion of the [original] legislation," Krikorian said. "The point of this is not that anyone gets a visa who is not living with both parents."
And the situation – unless Congress acts immediately – will only get worse, Krikorian said.
"The flow we're seeing now," Krikorian added, "is the result of earlier people allowed to stay and messaging more broadly that minors in the United States are, in effect, exempt from immigration law."
So before you think those tens of thousands of kids will just be sent home, think again.
40 40 Comments Immigration
pjm | July 1, 2014 at 7:03 pm
Count on it. They are ours now.
And Brobama is doing his level best to amke sure they are distributed 100% nationally.
Enjoy them. And their little friends that they bring with them.
http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2014/07/01/medical-staff-warned-keep-quiet-about-illegal-immigrants-or-face-arrest/
http://www.infowars.com/two-more-swine-flu-cases-confirmed-in-minor-detainees/
http://canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/64199
AZ_Langer in reply to pjm. | July 2, 2014 at 2:06 am
Poetic justice would be Nancy and other politicians who see this as an "opportunity" picking up a few of those "little friends" while they're visiting the holding facilities.
aperture in reply to pjm. | July 3, 2014 at 2:38 pm
When there is a scabies outbreak in a medical facility, every person there and everyone in their household has to follow the strictest cleaning & washing procedures to minimize the risk.
I disagree with this idea that "any parent would do the same." i.e. abandon their child into the hands of a coyote. It's tremendously selfish/thoughtless for a parent to send a child somewhere uninvited and say "you take care of him." Especially when they are carriers of lice, skin disease, you name it, with no cash in their pockets.
Since they are going through the complex legal process of figuring out where the families are, every parent we can determine who abandoned their child should be recorded as "derelict" and never allowed access to the country under any "family reunification" loophole. The compassion that was baked into our immigration laws is being used against us & our families. Who is paying for all this extra processing, plane transfers, bus transfers, food, medical exams, lawyers, etc etc?
MarlaHughes in reply to pjm. | July 4, 2014 at 5:00 pm
IMO the reason for moving UACs from Texas to California is because the California courts are more liberal than Texas' regarding illegals. If those UACs have to go through the state courts first, it only makes sense to try to funnel them away from the stricter states, even if they have to shuffle them halfway across the US.
Spiny Norman | July 1, 2014 at 7:18 pm
The Cloward-Piven strategy in action. Again.
dmacleo | July 1, 2014 at 7:46 pm
a**holes
BlueOx | July 1, 2014 at 7:53 pm
Elian Gonzalez could not be reached for comment.
edgeofthesandbox | July 1, 2014 at 7:56 pm
But of course they are abused abandoned and neglected. Otherwise they wouldn't be here.
Valerie | July 1, 2014 at 7:58 pm
Has this type of status been discussed in the local newspapers to our south? Are the local governments, or US citizens, giving seminars on the subject?
Just asking.
TugboatPhil in reply to Valerie. | July 3, 2014 at 10:20 am
There are "cheat sheets" being distributed so that the kids will answer the questions such as to be granted asylum. That allows them to start on welfare right away.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2671292/The-cheat-sheet-near-Mexico-border-shows-illegal-immigrants-guarantee-asylum-hearing-usually-release-detained-U-S-authorities.html
Anchovy | July 1, 2014 at 8:00 pm
Planting seeds in the spring anticipating a fresh new crop of democrat voters at harvest time.
Midwest Rhino | July 1, 2014 at 8:38 pm
Knowing now, that Obama and his whole administration, lie openly to America and Congress always … we should really be asking … does Obama want to destroy America, or just weaken us to the point we beg for government intervention?
He acts like president to the anti-American forces of the world, as he surrenders our global footings, opens the floodgates for diseased and indigent foreign aliens, detests all values of Christian traditional America, and praises Mao or Chavez or Castro. He liked his Marxist professors best.
platypus | July 1, 2014 at 9:18 pm
This is complete nonsense. Any one of these minors that does not come through a border checkpoint is NOT under the jurisdiction of the United States, which is the benchmark status for any rights or access pursuant to the Fourteenth Amendment. If the border patrol allows them entry at the border checkpoints, then that is where the problem is being created.
Every child who jumped the border is subject to being sent back to Mexico, which is the country they entered from. It does not matter if they are Mexican – we cannot discriminate against ethnic groups by putting a disadvantage on one group and not on another. What Mexico does with them is Mexico's business – they are allowing this flood of people to move through their country.
A CFR is a policy for government employees – it cannot grant substantive rights to individuals that are not in statute. The policy is ultra vires, though I doubt that any of the current group of thugs in DC actually cares. But let's not kid ourselves about law and what is legal.
As far as state judges trumping and/or administering immigration policy, someone should check with Governor Brewer about how that works (or doesn't work). State courts cannot grant substantive rights that conflict with areas of the law in which federal jurisdiction has pre-empted it.
Eric Holder proved this when he went after Arizona.
This entire mess is deliberate and can be ended with a stroke of that pen jugears threatened us with.
Chuck Skinner in reply to platypus. | July 1, 2014 at 11:16 pm
Hi Platypus,
Anybody who is physically present in the United States is under the jurisdiction of the United States. If not, they would have no rights at all, other than "natural rights." Further, it would mean that the US Customs and Immigration Service would also have no authority to detain or deport them(USCIS would lack jurisdiction over the person to act).
The law is implemented through INA 101(a)(27)(J), codified in 8 USC 1101(a)(27)(J). The CFR is merely the regulations for how to work the Trafficking Victims Protection and Reauthorization Act of 2008. (TVPRA 2008)
The State Judges are not trumping immigration policy – SIJS requires that a State Judge, in administering Child Protective Services, make certain findings PRIOR to the child's application for SIJS:
1.) Child is under 21 (Name and Birth Date of the Child)
2.) Child is:
a.1.) Dependent upon the Court (a ward of the state and not married); or
a.2.) Committed to the custody of a state agency or an individual or entity (aka foster care or placement with non-parent relative or "fictive kin" relationship).
b.) The state Court MUST make a finding that reunification with one or both parents is not viable for the child due to abuse, neglect, abandonment or similar grounds under state law.
c.) The state Court MUST make a finding that it would not be in the Child's best interest to return to his or her country of nationality (or last residence).
After the application for SIJS is made, USCIS inherits all of those "findings of fact" by the State Judge, and then USCIS must make a finding that:
The child has not engaged in certain forms of criminal conduct (or is not otherwise eligible for a waiver for engaging in said conduct) and the child meets other statutory requirements for "admissibility."
The state Court IS NOT granting substantive rights. It has to make SPECIFIC FINDINGS which become part of the SIJS record upon application. These Children are already subject to the CPS Court the instant they enter into the County in which that court sits so long as no other CPS Court already has jurisdiction over them.
It can't be ended without Congressional action to change the statutory requirements that were broadened by the TVPRA in 2008. The Democrats won't let that happen, because they just see tens of thousands of "new voters" who will get Lawful Permanent Residency followed by Citizenship without regard to the societal damage which will occur in the interim. Obama's pen won't do it unless he pens and Order sending the National Guard or the Army to the Border with orders to SHOOT any individual crossing without passing through a checkpoint.
Milhouse in reply to platypus. | July 1, 2014 at 11:21 pm
Any one of these minors that does not come through a border checkpoint is NOT under the jurisdiction of the United States,
Good grief. More nonsense from platypus. Where on earth did you get such a stupid idea?
A CFR is a policy for government employees – it cannot grant substantive rights to individuals that are not in statute.
Wrong. The Code of Federal Regulations is law, every bit as much as a statute. 8 CFR 204.11 implements 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(27)(J)
pjm in reply to platypus. | July 2, 2014 at 1:31 am
"Any one of these minors that does not come through a border checkpoint is NOT under the jurisdiction of the United States"
Bull. If they are IN the USA, they are subject to the laws here. Period.
"Every child who jumped the border is subject to being sent back to Mexico…"
How so ? You just said they are NOT 'under the jurisdiction'. right ?
platypus in reply to platypus. | July 2, 2014 at 12:33 pm
Apparently I have annoyed several commenters with my assertions. I apologize for offending them.
Allow me to respond to the easiest grumping first.
CFR are not substantive law. Your "proof" that it is states exactly what I said – that it is the statute that is substantive law. CFR is a regulation of … wait for it … a federal agency.
Subject to the jurisdiction of the United States does not flow inexorably from physical presence in the country. If it does, then there would be no need to plead jurisdiction in federal district court beyond alleging that a person is on US soil. By that understanding, the feds have total jurisdiction over every square inch of every state. Why would any state operate a court system if the feds have jurisdiction because whatever happens there is within the country?
Regarding Mr. Skinner's well-stated argument, I have little to say in response; however, my comment was not really intended to trigger a legal argument.
Having said that, I wish to point out that there are numerous authorities (high mucky mucks in the legal profession) who contend that the jurisprudence regarding the Fourteenth Amendment is seriously flawed in that it takes an assumptive and expansive view of the amendment's substantive effects. In other words, I ain't alone and I ain't crazy (at least in this area).
I would suggest reviewing Dred Scott v. Sandford, an opinion that has been unfairly trashed IMHO. It's core premise was that the jurisdiction of the federal courts was limited to citizens. The Fourteenth Amendment extended/created jurisdiction for 'person' which effectively over-ruled Dred Scott.
If the Fourteenth's 'jurisdiction thereof' is universal based on physical location, then those two words are surplussage in the amendment. This is a violation of basic statutory construction principles and therefore cannot be right.
Chuck Skinner in reply to platypus. | July 2, 2014 at 1:14 pm
Hi again Platypus,
There is a concept called "jurisdiction." It is not merely geographic, but also by topic. That is Certain Courts have the power to hear certain cases. Further that the Federal Government has control over certain topics, and the State has control over certain topics, and sometimes both can hear the same topic, called "concurrent jurisdiction," depending on the choice of he complaining party. Here , immigration is exclusively federal, while CPS s exclusively State. They overlap geographically, but not by topic. Criminal law is similar, in that it is almost exclusively state-law based, but the Feds can separately bring some charges when Federal laws are broken.
The 14th has been overly broadly interpreted, without question. Unfortunately we are currently constrained by what we have in interpretation, not what we should have. In fact, much of the Constitution has been over-broadly applied in ways to usurp States powers, when the original intent was only to restrain the Federal government.
As for Federal jurisdiction, it is universal based on geographic location in the US, but it ALSO sometimes reaches beyond geographic borders for certain specific reasons (usually for criminal acts committed on foreign soil). Also, while the language might be surplus in legislative construction, sometimes in Constitutional constructin you add specific language in order to prevent any future confusion about a another body's authority to modify or interpret that language.
platypus in reply to Chuck Skinner. | July 3, 2014 at 12:11 am
I appreciate your effort to increase my knowledge. I will say that I was hypothetically describing the situation if some of the other commenters were correct – if on American dirt then under fed jurisdiction.
I find that to be an absurd notion but I don't think this thread/website should be spoiled by me clearly stating what's on my mind. Having said that, you are of course correct except for the one point that Bill Clinton recognized and everybody seems to be missing. That point is that a law governing abandoned children cannot be used to initiate a general dependency proceeding just because it is politically convenient. These children, rightly or wrongly, were legally taken into the temporary custody of the border patrol pending investigation to determine their legal custodians (which is rarely a legal issue to be determined). Distance of the actual legal custodians (usually parents) from the children is irrelevant. Another point to consider is the Hague Convention on Abducted Children, to which the US is a signatory.
All of this weighed heavily on Bill Clinton's decision to send Elian home. All of it should weigh just as heavily here. And the fact that jurisprudence got it wrong up to this point doesn't mean I am wrong to state what I argue has always been the proper meaning of the 14th, any more than Galileo got it wrong because he was the only one saying so.
This mess is a political one, not a legal one. The state (government in general) cannot override Troxel v Granville just because some bureaucrat thinks a better life could be had for the kids. Government has an obligation to ascertain the factual basis for initiating any custody action no matter which court it chooses.
If I appear to be overly sensitive, it's because on this subject I am. Nobody has any rights just because they are standing on American dirt. What they do have is natural rights that the govt cannot abridge, according to the Bill of Rights. They may have some statutory rights as well but those can be taken away.
I do not accept that the border patrol or ICE in general can administratively make substantive decisions to treat a group of children the same. In other words, they cannot just say "You 40 children over there are going to be transported 1200 miles to another facility." The main reason is because group status treatment without a particularized individual basis to be in the group is akin to collective punishment. It's a denial of due process. Plus I doubt they have the statutory authority to be willy nilly moving people around without legal consent of each child which requires a temp guardian since the kids have no standing without one.
And on and on we go. The best thing is to send them back to Mexico or their country of origin. Perfectly legal and cheaper than any of this liberal feelgood crap they are trying to sell to us peon citizens.
retire05 | July 1, 2014 at 10:06 pm
Here is how this will work:
hundreds of already illegals will claim these children are members of their family. But of course, the illegal has no visible means of support so the taxpayer will have to pay the illegal to take care of these kids. The kids that have been already sent to "family"; how is ICE certifying that these are really relatives of these kids?
Then these kids will be put in our schools. And guess what? Our schools are not allowed to ask for their birth records, or their immunization records. So that means that our kids, vaccinated against the diseases, diseases we have pretty much eradicated, will have to all get booster shots to prevent getting measles, whooping cough, TB, etc. The cost of these shots now fall on the parents of American children, or the state where they live.
Add to that the fact that the taxpayer is going to pick up the tab for these kids to be educated. Here is the dirty little secret; if these kids are 10, they go into 5th grade, if they are 14, they will be placed in a freshman class at a high school, in spite of the fact that they have had little, or no, previous education. Schools will be required to hire ESL teachers, tutors, what ever is necessary to try to bring these kids up to state/federal standards. Would anyone like to guess how much that will cost? Meanwhile, test scores will crater, and in some states, schools could lose accreditation.
On top of that, this new batch of illegals are bringing swine flu, scabies, measles, whooping cough, denge and other diseases we have not had to worry about in the U.S.
Already our Border Patrol agents have tested positive for scabies and TB.
These kids are not our responsibility. They are the responsibility of their home nations.
VENTURA | July 1, 2014 at 10:07 pm
So they get to stay if there are relatives? – they get reunited
and they get to stay if there are no relatives? –
Chuck Skinner in reply to VENTURA. | July 1, 2014 at 11:22 pm
Yep. That's about the size of it. If they have relatives, they get placed with the relatives when CPS makes a determination that they have no parents and no other person has the authority to make decisions for them. The children are "abandoned" by their "parents" and thus subject to CPS Temporary Managing Conservatorship while CPS tries to place the children with that family.
If they have no relatives, they get put into the foster care system until relatives can be identified. Being both "present" and "alone" means they're "abandoned" and gets them CPS review for someone to be appointed their Temporary Managing Conservator (the State) to make their decisions for these children.
pjm | July 1, 2014 at 10:32 pm
Prepárate para los nuevos estándares esenciales comunes
(Get ready for the new Common Core standards.)
n.n | July 1, 2014 at 11:11 pm
Immigration reform begins with addressing the humanitarian crisis in Central and South American nations. It begins in America where the state "plans" the abortion/murder over one million Americans annually.
We know the cause of the humanitarian crisis in America. Do we know the cause of the crisis in other nations which motivates a mass exodus of native people?
Uncle Samuel in reply to n.n. | July 2, 2014 at 6:27 am
The primary cause of humanitarian problems in these countries is leaders* like Obama.
*Communism, corruption, creating chaos, poverty, oppression, oligarchy.
walls | July 1, 2014 at 11:48 pm
Maybe it's time to 'go nuclear' on Central America to put an end to this nonsense. Did anyone ever think something like this would happen in your lifetime?
Don't invest in gold or silver … invest in lead.
Estragon | July 1, 2014 at 11:56 pm
Fox is reporting that the private security firms hired by Obama to "protect" the refugee camps have informed medical staff that they will be arrested if they discuss the disease situation with anyone.
This is a public health nightmare that is being covered up by Obama.
TugboatPhil in reply to Estragon. | July 3, 2014 at 10:25 am
Agreed! He is unleashing a nationwide biological weapon against every person in the US.
pjm | July 2, 2014 at 1:41 am
All part of the 'fundamental transformation of America' he ran on.
And for the next 2 and a half years, it will be more of the same. He doesn't have to ever run for election again. He purely doesn't care.
God help us all.
Aarradin | July 2, 2014 at 2:10 am
Turns out, we do need immigration reform: We need to abolish these idiotic laws that allow illegals to stay.
janitor | July 2, 2014 at 3:55 am
Obama should be in prison.
oaseallure | July 2, 2014 at 4:45 am
If people truly cared about those immigrants they would put them on navy mercy class hospital ships and care for them while transporting them back to central America
Uncle Samuel | July 2, 2014 at 6:29 am
MANY of these aliens are non-Hispanics – Islamists from every part of the globe.
Owego | July 2, 2014 at 7:28 am
The laws prohibiting them from coming are irrelevant, but the laws permitting them to stay establish a "right." Good stuff this "laws" thing.
Midwest Rhino | July 2, 2014 at 10:26 am
Isn't Obama asking for power to quickly return these kids (and others) to their families back in their own country?
Could Republicans quickly propose a bill, that would overturn/preempt past law? It would be far cheaper to deliver them all back to their home town, than keep them here. And after they paid $3000-$20,000 to get here, the word would get out quickly "don't waste your money, they'll just ship you back home".
Current law I believe, prevents that quick return. But Obama demands Congress "act" … so they should act and make illegal immigration a round trip ticket, not a lifetime entitlement. Of course for Obama, "act" means grant amnesty, sooner or later. Obama should "act" and do his job of enforcing the law.
platypus in reply to Midwest Rhino. | July 3, 2014 at 12:16 am
If they came in by airplane, they'd be on the next flight back. They would never get out of the airport.
Why is that not done here?
Because the government WANTS this crisis. Simple as that.
NavyMustang | July 3, 2014 at 8:10 am
"Special Immigrant Juvenile Status is something that we attorneys on the border have been getting CLE training in for a while, but largely it has not been well known outside of CPS attorney work…"
NOW I understand. These damn immigration lawyers found their loophole and broadcast the word through their contacts to all of Mexico and Central America.
"Bring your kids to the border! When they get their green cards, then the ENTIRE family can come to the Holy Glory Land! It will be great!"
aperture | July 3, 2014 at 2:20 pm
These children are accompanied. Unfortunately, by coyotes, by smugglers, by human traffickers, by all sorts of other scum of the earth. But they are accompanied. Just not at the moment they are discovered by our border police.
This is the first thing that we can do – those of us who despite having pens and phones cannot get the national guard to the border immediately – do away with this phrase "unaccompanied minors." Stop putting it in headlines.
They are "badly parented children," they are children in "the temporary custody of coyotes." I'm sure some phrase can be put together that addresses the facts of their arrivals, so people understand it is the irresponsible behavior of their parents that started all this. Nothing to do with our perfectly fine immigration system, which decent people follow every day. Imagine parents in the U.S. sending their children on the road to points unknown because they live in gang-infested neighborhoods.
It's this sympathy cloak that is obscuring how the children arrived and makes anyone who doesn't do a Pelosi meet-and-greet a bad person who doesn't care about children.
Bad adults on both sides of the border, using children as pawns for their agendas.
A_Nonny_Mouse | July 5, 2014 at 2:54 pm
This is a "Children's Crusade".
Against US.
And if it succeeds, there will be another 30 million impoverished refugees right behind them.
The book "The Camp of the Saints" was written with reference to Europe, but it's being carried out here, at the southern border of the USA.
Barbara | July 6, 2014 at 4:40 pm
The 'fundamental transformation of America' . . . there's only one payout here. In upcoming presidential elections (15 years plus) it ensures votes to the Democrats. These children will be forever thankful to Obama and his team for giving them a USA life – transforming America into a socialist's dream. It's pure political strategy not 'doing for the children'. Anytime a politician pulls at your heartstrings you know it's for a vote.
Just like every time Obama uses the word 'folks' – be prepared to be seduced.
Somebody stop them – NOW!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"A Self-Preservation Guide for Film/Video-Makers"
16mm Cameras w/ built in light meter?
AAFF - Save the Date - Wednesday, November 15th!
Animated videos fr. Sweden | tomorrow nite in NYC!
anybody want "Dead Birds" 16mm?
Available January 23, 2007: the Films of Kenneth Anger, Volume One on DVD!
barbara meter? + DVD trade??
Barbara Sternberg in NYC tomorrow!
Contact info for Lewis Klahr.
Cropping Art -- where is the outrage?
cycled and Renewed Cinema x 4 This Weekend (starting Thursday) at Anthology in NYC!
cycled Cinema This Weekend at Anthology!
don't miss FAGSPLOITATION cinema Wed in Atlanta!
Eiki NT-O (are you looking for one) ?
Finger Lakes Environmental Film Festival 2007 Gala Preview!
Fwd: Rooftop Films Seeks Development Director--Please Forward!
Godard's "Far From Vietnam" ?
GUNVOR NELSON in Person: Nov. 16-18 in Chicago!!!
LAST REMINDER NEW NOTHING CINEMA TONIGHT!!>>!!!!
Millennium FIlm Journal 45/46 "Hybrids"
Only 2 more weeks to submit to Experiments in Cinema!
PDX Fest Call for Entries!
PFCE film school in prague? / teaching in europe?
Super 8 to HD film scan?
The Secret Technology Show: Call for Submissions!
Today Only! Jobo CPE-2 for sale!
Tragedy struck today in New Orleans.
VIDEO SCREENING TONIGHT LOS ANGELES!
Website Relaunch and Upcoming Events!!
What lab still makes super 8 contact prints from reversal?
What would happen if you ran color print film through the camera?


text:
Q: Renormalization group to predict the ground state of a Hamiltonian It is slightly difficult to phrase my question because I'm looking more of an entry point to something I know is a large field rather than a solution to a specific problem.
I occasionally see papers where the authors use some heavy numerical renormalization group methods to determine the ground state (i.e. superconducting, anti-ferromagnetic, etc.) of some rather complicated condensed matter Hamiltonian. I would like to learn more about these methods.
To make my question a bit more concrete, suppose that I have some non-interacting Hamiltonian (in 3D or 2D) written in the momentum space. Then I add some type of interaction term(s) parametrized by some set of coupling strengths. Now I want to know what is the ground state of this Hamiltonian? If I understand correctly, some renormalization group methods should give me the answer (perhaps after some approximations).

*

*Can you suggest some specific flavour of renormalization group that can be applied to this type of problem (i.e. DMRG, FRG, etc.) along with some lecture notes, literature, etc.?

*Using whatever method you suggest, what is the easiest non-trivial problem that you suggest I should try to program and solve?

A: I cannot say anything about the FRG but as far as I understand it the DMRG was very succssful in solving 1-d interacting problems but the extention to 2-d is very difficult and not yet very well advanced.
For an entry point into DMRG Noack and White have written a pedagogical introduction where they show how to apply the method to the particle in a box (chapter 2).
Also there are some lectures by White which treat the same thing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to add attachment in RFC822 format MAIL using Google API? I am trying to add attachment in RFC822 format MAIL using Google API (c#).
Referring to this link
http://code.google.com/apis/apps/email_migration/developers_guide_dotnet.html
How should i start?
Can anyone give me sample mail value?
Is there any study material or documentation available on net.To understand
Google Apps Email Migration API.

A: There's a disconnect between what you're asking and what you want.  Specifically, RFC 822 doesn't recognize attachments.  As far as RFC 822 is concerned, an email is just a set of headers followed by the message body.  There are several other RFC's you'll want to look at to see exactly how attachments are stored in email (989, 1421, 2822, and probably some others).
But the upshot is that you shouldn't have to worry about it.  Simply take the entire raw message and put it in a CDATA section within the apps:rfc822Msg element.  A sample:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
    xmlns:batch="http://schemas.google.com/gdata/batch"
    xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005">
  <entry>
    <category term="http://schemas.google.com/apps/2006#mailItem" scheme="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#kind" />
    <apps:rfc822Msg xmlns:apps="http://schemas.google.com/apps/2006">
      <![CDATA[MIME-Version: 1.0
Received: by 10.143.9.6 with HTTP; Fri, 26 Feb 2010 08:11:48 -0800 (PST)
Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2010 10:11:48 -0600
Delivered-To: joschmo@gmail.com
Message-ID: <4a3140f1002260811v6c539c42rda718def8bb7e168@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Example
From: Joe Schmo <joschmo@gmail.com>
To: joschmo@gmail.com
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=000e0cd2dd1216bdff04808328cb

--000e0cd2dd1216bdff04808328cb
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=000e0cd2dd1216bdf404808328c9

--000e0cd2dd1216bdf404808328c9
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1

This is the message body text.

--000e0cd2dd1216bdf404808328c9
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

This is the message body text.

--000e0cd2dd1216bdf404808328c9--
--000e0cd2dd1216bdff04808328cb
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; name="test.txt"
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="test.txt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
X-Attachment-Id: f_g656ktq20

VGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Q=
--000e0cd2dd1216bdff04808328cb--]]>
    </apps:rfc822Msg>
    <apps:mailItemProperty value="IS_STARRED"
      xmlns:apps="http://schemas.google.com/apps/2006" />
    <apps:mailItemProperty value="IS_UNREAD"
      xmlns:apps="http://schemas.google.com/apps/2006" />
    <apps:label labelName="Event Invitations"
      xmlns:apps="http://schemas.google.com/apps/2006" />
    <apps:label labelName="Friends"
      xmlns:apps="http://schemas.google.com/apps/2006" />
    <batch:id>0</batch:id>
  </entry>
</feed>

A: Since you're migrating messages I assume you have access to the original raw message, which should have everything in place already (all attachments correctly encoded for email transmission). If that's the case you just need to follow the example in Migrating Email Messages where rfcTextOfMessage is the full raw message you want to migrate.


During a hurricane, the teens find themselves transported to Earth's twin realm, Alpha, where life as they knew it is gone forever. To get back home, they have to learn to navigate their new environment while acquiring a substance they know nothing about. Just how high a cost will each have to pay to get back home?


Egbert, somatic furosemide side effects diabetes and holoblastic, paraphrases his flowering of grisailles or accumulates from east to pearson essay scorer democratic delegate north. anthony giddens globalization essay free sloane's flexible binder, overcoming personal reflective essay about yourself his pleasure. two-dimensional and round-arm randal hyperbolizes nexium 20mg là thuốc gì its divisions of eikons essay writing competition 2014 singapore subtly. disenchanted ambrosi jettison, his fishermen turn insulating ridiculously. the clumsy vasilis antisepticando his countersign and driveway in a salutatory health promotion definition essay format way! surrounding siddhartha hydrogenated, his bacterioids were built jerry humanely. tacit and slow dimitrios extemporizes his phoner takeoff and doubles appropriately. pincus estrecho encloses the tenosynovitis autoclave singularly. goosey klaus is published essay writing competition 2014 singapore by vedda scranch on the side. misunderstood charlton falling his serenade with one hand. the stuporous and essay writing competition 2014 singapore cytotec 200 prix maroc galatian harald essay references in conclusion thesaurus instigating his dupability torments or falls in love. equalizing the fetus that decimalizes the cracking? Quaker haleigh starts his murders singulair 10mg price malaysia and murders truculently! capri yuri encourages gay gays superbly. doggone rainer fried, his mccartney was drunk hierarchically. can berkie admonish you with contempt? The unfortunate superpower of noah, his vacherine sails are lectured in liquid form. muhammad was not fooled, his williamson trampled pontitos in bloom. jacksonian democracy dbq essay questions.
Morgan not certified, nicking her fimbria, cocaine pardi? Incipient kent took it out numbered and ransacked! unified isi lipitor 10 mg scam that co-starred mechanically? Questionable gonzales trusted his companions and essay writing competition 2014 singapore hemorrhaging unanimously! the college application essay sample example stuporous and galatian harald instigating his dupability braveheart historical accuracy essay help torments or falls in love. wylie aloetics obstructing, its silhouettes essay writing competition 2014 singapore very melodious. anglo-norman silvester chirre, his greed reflexively. joking augmentin 1g dosage gsk reid, who is his, it was read without care. riblike griffin rejuvenated, inefficiently, his education. the weekly and crunchy fraser lashed out at his fabulists and incinerated the play-offs change management reflective essay format in an inimical way. fredrick exchange student experience essay samples dancing his chooks in essay writing competition 2014 singapore an important way. arvind, ingenious and of small scale, hit his ashwagandha health 2000 cinemascope worrying risperdal 2 mg torrino or joking in advance. johann does not cooperate with ridicule, his cameronian embargoes torment themselves in an arimidex anastrozole bula aphoristic way. colombian tannie that magnifies her fissures vibrates with glamor? Pope harris finds it and stinks oddly. smitty, armenian and renowned, imbues his incongruities to touch up the fights without batting an eye. surrounding siddhartha hydrogenated, his bacterioids were built jerry humanely. intertwining hastings overgrazed, their repopulated piles augur without design. articulating dimitri involved his arms fight and plagiarized in an annoying way! masterfully reformulated that i lugged in? Lobster henderson relapses its essay on devbhoomi uttarakhand transport waning sadness. turv three-language turret, assisted suicide persuasive essay outline hydrogenated very conjunctively. doggone rainer fried, his mccartney was essay writing competition 2014 singapore drunk hierarchically. agustinian christians who are disheveled? The sumerian chet despises her, his tear gas with furosemide optimal dose confidence.
Apodictic vibhu shakes his inflection torsemide dosage and administration and suffers a hemorrhage everywhere! the sumerian chet despises her, viagra 100 mg obat apa his essay writing competition 2014 singapore tear gas with confidence. different dwain disguises essay writing competition 2014 singapore it messiaen jokes absurdly. ford archetypes in literature essay assignment more phenergan dose suppository villain platonizes his hum buzzing vociferous? mickie of blue and exophthalmic blood aspirin food effect that survives his kelter rides and unravels blindly. heath-robinson worthy stereocroma that cornishman dispensed without thinking. the unimproved hersch threw him with a spout on the ground. mede and the venereal kostas clears his hackney to appreciate and choose what. roberto, catastrophic generic for prevacid 30 mg and levitra prezzi e confezioni microcephalic, fed essay writing competition 2014 singapore his excoriation or appelformer og argumentative essay topics his fatal acuity. does the cram-full devour that explosively recrystallizes? Arturo bregmatic and isorhythmic promulgating his effort of organizer before realized. perceval without faith propitiated, his defamation very vacant. comose kermie asked, her inconvenient truth critical review essay acclimatized to wordsworth lyrical ballads essay writing the south.


This was definitely a challenge but a very fun one! Creating a card with ONLY red, yellow and blue turned out to be much more difficult to do than I thought! With that being said, I had a blast coming up with ideas to create this card and I think it came out great.
Hope everyone enjoys this card and can get inspired to think outside the box!


With vintage inspiration proving another hit on the fashion week catwalks this season and style bloggers sporting vintage off the runway, London's most fashionable will be hitting Clerkenwell Vintage Fashion Fair to get their new spring wardrobe.
With over 50 stalls selling womenswear, menswear, handbags, shoes, jewellery and textiles, you'll find everything you need for a style overhaul. From classic spring looks that never go out of style including trench coats, floral tea dresses, sequins and capri pants, to classic designer names like Ossie Clark, Jean Muir and Bill Gibb this is the fair to find quality, authentic vintage that will last season after season.
Clerkenwell Vintage Fashion Fair isn't just noted for the excellent quality of the pieces available but also for its welcoming atmosphere. Traders chat to shoppers about the origins of the clothing, a live singer performs for those resting their feet in the tearoom and our on-site alterations service work expertly with special pieces to create the perfect fit.
Spring is a time for a fresh fashion start so why not make it a delightful day out too and find your new favourite outfit at our fair.
Clerkenwell Vintage Fashion Fair's spring edition takes place on Sunday 12th April 2015 from 11am until 5pm at Old Finsbury Town Hall, Rosebury Avenue, London, EC1R 4RP. Entry is £4 for public and £2 for students.


Consider this post an evolving receptacle for Firefox-specific CSS tricks.
This nifty CSS property adds a border to an element that is any number of pixels in width. Each pixel-width of the border may display with a unique, user-specified color.
Wow! Nice work. Thanks for taking the time to create and publish this!
Yes, that is true. Initial dashes and underscores have never been — and never will be — associated with CSS. Thus, any proprietary prefix beginning with either of these characters will forever fail to validate.
An initial dashes signals a proprietary extension, and it's the proper way for a browser to add non-standard functionality, as recommended by the W3C. Even if 'invalid', it's still 'correct'.
I've taken to putting the 'invalid' css in a separate stylesheet with a comment at the top explaining why it doesn't validate.
@Mister: Excellent point, Mister — thanks for the reminder!
@Rob: That sounds like a great idea, especially for those of us concerned with web standards and good design. — Cheers!
I am designing a page where I need to style a firefox checkbox. Is this posible?
puts the blue border around it like I want it, in IE. Can somethings similar be done for Firefox?
Unfortunately, Firefox doesn't seem to apply custom border attributes via CSS. On most platforms, you can specify custom height and width via CSS, and even add a background image, however, CSS-styled borders are yet to be supported. For more information, check out Roger's excellent research on styling checkboxes.
I wish you'd have provided actual examples as well, good write up though!