827170 - Firefox 20 spike in crash at mozilla::layers::LayerManagerOGL::CreateFBOWithTexture with abort message: "Framebuffer not complete -- error 0x8cd6, mFBOTextureTarget 0xde1, aRect.width <n>, aRect.height <m>"
Firefox 20 spike in crash at mozilla::layers::LayerManagerOGL::CreateFBOWithTexture with abort message: "Framebuffer not complete -- error 0x8cd6, mFBOTextureTarget 0xde1, aRect.width <n>, aRect.height <m>"
It might be caused by bug 825692.
Install Age	19 seconds since version was first installed.
The 'aRect.height 4126' suggests that this might be an issue about us trying to use a texture of size > 4096 on a device that doesn't support that.
There are other abort messages with lower values.
Summary: Firefox 20 spike in crash at mozilla::layers::LayerManagerOGL::CreateFBOWithTexture with abort message: "Framebuffer not complete -- error 0x8cd6, mFBOTextureTarget 0xde1, aRect.width 660, aRect.height 4126" → Firefox 20 spike in crash at mozilla::layers::LayerManagerOGL::CreateFBOWithTexture with abort message: "Framebuffer not complete -- error 0x8cd6, mFBOTextureTarget 0xde1, aRect.width <n>, aRect.height <m>"
When I tap on the select drop down box "Prijs" and choose on of the available options.
This is on the Galaxy Nexus, using trunk.
In fact, the spike is not so obvious. It's the real ranking of bug 705641, i.e. #1, as stated in bug 705641 comment 44. Only the signature has morphed into a correct one.
I think it should be duplicate to bug 705641.
CCing Jgilbert. Jeff, can you please help with some investigation here .This could be  a dup of 705641 as per comment# 4 ?
Also CCing  Jeff Muizelaar to see if he can take a look here as the description suggests bug 825692 may have regressed this.Thanks !
Let's see if we can deal with this while 20 is in Aurora, to avoid chasing it while in Beta.
OK, let's look a bit into these failures. Taking the 2013-01-04 crash data.
So we have mostly Tegra 3's, but also enough PowerVR that we can't just shrug this off as just a Tegra 3 bug. OpenGL framebuffer completeless is very finicky, so I am very uncomfortable in the first place that we have an assertion on it.
Something jumps to eyes here: in all of these cases, one of the dimensions (here the height; in some other cases the width) is greater than 2048. So these drivers mostly only give us trouble when we try to use sizes greater than 2048. To be fair, the above command only shows the 30th most common cases; the un-truncated list does show a very few crashes with smaller sizes, but that's so few that if we had only those few crashes we wouldn't care or even notice.
Can't we just limit the max texture size we use in mobile Layers to 2048 and call it a day? That should be large enough for us.
Folks! As the previous comment shows, there are a lot of mobile GPUs out there that have trouble with texture sizes > 2048 (as render targets) even though they are supposed to support them. Can we simply limit texture size to 2048 on mobile altogether (since we'd have to do it at least on Tegra3 and PowerVR 540) or would that break things? I sort of assume that we should be able to, as a lot of mobile GPUs don't support texture sizes greater than 2048 anyways.
In fact, both the Tegra 3 in a Nexus 7 ("grouper", the #1 device in the above list) and PowerVR's have a 2048 max texture size. So the problem is that we don't even check that the texture sizes we request are in range.
The next question is what do we do? Ideally we'd tile everything, but we need a short-term fix; we can either not render at all or render in a broken way; looking at what the competition does, both Chrome and the stock browser seem to opt for incorrect rendering.
What's the downside?  If a 3k x 3k image shows up on the page, we will still display it?  What will stop working or slow down on platforms that do support > 2048?  if we do this, how do we track that we've done it and revisit it every so often, to see if our assumptions and reasons are still valid?
When using hardware acceleration sometimes we fall back to an intermediate surface (framebuffer) to provide the correct rendering but as bjacob mentions this surface can be very large as controlled by the web page and will just crash.
The test case has animation and group opacity and uses animated css transforms which recommends to the browser engine to put the content into layers. This causes a container layer that uses an intermediate surface with two child thebes layer. This intermediate surface grows past 2,0000 pixels as the divs rotate.
The correct behavior is the blue square will be over the red square and NOT blend with the red. The two squares will fade in and out.
1) Firefox Mobile: We crash if the page causes the layer to be the the GPU allows without any fallback.
2) Stock: They don't honor group opacity thus wouldn't need an intermediate surface (framebuffer).
3) Chrome: They appear to fallback to a very slow rendering. This is glitchy since the fallback isn't fast enough to keep up with the animation.
I think if the intermediate surface is small enough we should honor group opacity and if it's not we should behave like stock and ignore it.
BenWa, do you plan to write the patch or do you want to teach me to?
In ContainerRender() we decide if we should use a frameBuffer to render if UseIntermediateSurface() is true. We should additionally check the size of the framebuffer we want to allocate 'framebufferRect' to be support by the GL driver. If so we ignore that we need an intermediate surface and simply get bad rendering.
Can't we just allocate a smaller sized framebuffer than we actually need, and have GL scale down?
We'd lose quality, but surely that's better than abandoning correctness.
this patch implements comment 13. Unexpectedly, it replaces the crash by... and out of memory crash.  Need to investigate why.
> and have GL scale down?
> We'd lose quality, but surely that's better than abandoning correctness.
YES! I forgot about that. It's a great idea.
This implements Matt's idea; it doesn't actually OOM as I erroneously said. I think I just needed to reboot my phone. Good thing I went to a concert yesterday night and turned it off!
It actually runs without crashing, and about:memory looks sane. There are some occasional rendering glitches that seem to pertain to tiling, but it's better than a crash.
The patch looks good but you need a big fat comment explaining what is going on here and a good patch summary.
Probably, as that looks like the same bug (same place according to the stack, size > 2048; Intel GPU, so it is plausible that 2048 would be the max texture size.
> +    // of just clamping the framebuffer's size to the max supported size.
> +    // See bug 827170 for a discussion.
This gives us a lower resolution rendering of the intermediate surface (children layers).
Bug caused by (feature/regressing bug #): comment 0 suspects it's regressed in bug 825692. But the underlying issue being fixed here has been around longer.
Attachment #704071 - Flags: approval-mozilla-aurora?
I said in comment 4 it's likely a dupe of bug 705641 (#1 on Android and #4-5 on Mac in 18.0 and 19.0 Beta) as the spike is not obvious. The only certainty is that 20.0 and above have a right stack trace and a single crash signature making it more visible in top crashers.
Is it safe to uplift it also in 19.0 Beta 4?
This feels like a very safe patch, so, let's uplift it to wherever it's useful.
Attachment #704071 - Flags: approval-mozilla-beta?
Backed out because we suspect that this is what might have caused the Android R4 oranges, SVG Reftest failures.
That would indeed happen if SVG reftests caused layers larger than 2048 pixels in one dimension.
In which case, the easiest path forward would be to specifically disable these tests.
Considering patch is very safe and helps fix a top-crasher, approving on aurora/beta .
Please make sure to land on beta before EOD today/tomorrow morning to get this into 19.0b4.Thanks !
Oh, and so far it looks like this helped on trunk, no crashes after the build from the 27th so far.
Is this also related to FF desktop ?
> Is this also related to FF desktop ?
Yes (see comment 24) but the remaining crashes are tracked in bug 705641 where 20 and above seem unaffected while 19.0 Beta is still affected.
Verified fixed based on comment 40.


For centuries, Frankfurt, Germany, has been a business hub and destination. The city is ideally located in central Europe and is accessible by plane, high-speed train, autobahn and even boat. The city has embraced its business reputation and grown an infrastructure that supports a variety of industries, like chemical/pharmaceuticals, financial services, telecommunications and more. BlueOrange Travel, a New York City-based travel agent, specializes in planning luxury business travel to destinations throughout Europe, Russia and worldwide.
Traveling to this business destination is efficient and convenient. All major airlines will fly internationally and locally to and from the city. A private airport shuttle is the most efficient way to get to your hotel or meetings after you arrive; typically your hotel or travel agent is able to arrange this transportation. If you're feeling stressed, then take advantage of the 24-hour yoga rooms in Terminal 1 of the Frankfurt Airport that provide mats, cushions, music and instructional videos before or after your flight.
In addition to regular flights, all major cities in Germany are connected by high-speed trains called the InterCity Express (ICE). This efficient and quick method of transportation is ideal for traveling throughout Germany and offers international connections to other European cities.
Because Frankfurt caters to business travelers, there is no shortage of amazing hotels. Consider Capri by Fraser Frankfurt for extended visits to the city. This urban-inspired, residence-style hotel caters to a growing trend of business travelers who want the luxuries of home with the convenience of a hotel. Count on complimentary Wi-Fi, dining options and an ideal location near the popular Messe or trade fair area of the city.
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As a modern city, Frankfurt offers extensive opportunities for shopping, dining and entertainment. Areas like the Sachsenhausen district offer restaurant choices that offer a diverse variety of cuisines.
Start planning your visit to Germany with our Frankfurt travel guide. Then, contact BlueOrange Travel to book your travel and hotel reservations.


text:
Band: Bap Kennedy
Label: Lonely Street Discs
Title: Howl On
Review (1) Release Details Add Release Releases (1) Articles (0)
Cover Art (0) Versions (0) Edit Release Releases List (1) Reviews (1)
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Band:Bap Kennedy
Title:Howl On
Reviewed By:Malcolm Carter
Date Published:23/07/2009
Label:Lonely Street Discs
Format:CD
Release Year:Label
Not wishing to go against the grain here but although the only non-original song on Belfast-boy Kennedy's latest album, a cover of 'Hey Joe', is getting all the attention and praise I have to say that despite a different take on the song it's the least appealing track on 'Howl On'. 'Hey Joe' for all the versions already out there is best known for the version by Jimi Hendrix who, to be honest, cut the definitive version of the song. While the connection back to the Hendrix version is facinating ; Henry McCullough the only Irishman to play at Woodstock plays guitar on Kennedy's version, Hendrix played said song at that festival. It fits in nicely with the theme of this album ; Kennedy's childhood memories of the sixties and seventies, but with eleven original songs as strong as those that Kennedy has composed for 'Howl On' a cover version of 'Hey Joe' no matter how inspired just proves how talented a songwriter Kennedy is. It has to be said then; 'Hey Joe' given a country make-over is maybe appealing on the first listen but the novelty soon fades in spite of the excellent guitar playing by McCullough.
Much more rewarding are the songs Kennedy has composed and produced here. Released on his own Lonely Street record label the former Energy Orchard main-man proves once again on his sixth solo album since leaving that band just why he gained the attention and support of Van Morrison and Steve Earle to name just two of the major artists who have been touched by his music. It seems unlikely that any music lover will not have heard of Kennedy at some point as he has had a long and varied musical career but much like his brother, Brian, there are probably some people who have yet to actually hear the man's music.
For those who know of Kennedy it's safe to say that 'Howl On' contains some of his best work to date. If you enjoyed any of his previous solo albums or, indeed, his work with Energy Orchard then you will not be disappointed and will know what to expect. For those yet to have the pleasure of hearing Kennedy then imagine an Irish Steve Earle and you'll have the main picture, especially for this album. There's obviously a strong country influence spread thickly over all these songs, not just the 'Hey Joe' cover and in the title song, 'Howl On' Kennedy has written one of his most beautiful melodies ever and the song is given extra texture, as are others on the album, by the pedal steel supplied by Percy Robinson. Kennedy's wife, Brenda, a recording artist in her own right, provides backing vocals on many of the songs but never as beautifully as she does on the title track. It really is an outstanding song and all those involved pour their souls into the recording.
Kennedy, like many of his generation, was fascinated by America as a young child and this album was inspired by the events taking place there during this period. The opening song, 'America', captures the feelings felt by a young Kennedy perfectly and if the title song wasn't so damn perfect then this opening song would have been the highlight of the album.
Titles like, 'Ballad Of Neil Armstrong' and 'Cold War Country Blues' give a strong indication as to where Kennedy's mind was when he wrote these songs and it's refreshing to hear such heart-felt emotions wrapped in warm, comfortable country tunes, it's been far too long since we have heard a whole album which was inspired by the thoughts of a child captured by the fascinating images coming through his television and wishing he could be part of that far-off land.
This is an extremely strong set of songs from one of Ireland's most respected and talented artists and comes highly recommended.
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Walsh Bay Redevelopment Delays
Posted on 2 October 2019 by Staff Writer in Arts & Entertainment Featured Arts & Entertainment 0 Comments
Rose Byrne at ATYP Photo: Jon Love
By Madison Behringer.
Plans to redevelop the Walsh Bay arts precinct in Barangaroo have been in the pipeline since as far back as 1998. In May 2018, plans were approved by the State Government for the precinct alongside a $207 million budget for the project. However just as quickly as the building began, the project has now been put on hold. Reconstruction of the precinct sits across two major sections: Pier 2/3 and Wharf 4/5. Building began on Wharf 4/5 in October 2018, however, unforeseen structural issues have caused the works to be put on hold until further notice.
The delays to works on Pier 2/3 are more complex however, involving lack of funding from Treasury delaying the commencement of any building or construction.
Once complete, the reconstruction of Wharf 4/5 will house Sydney Dance Company, Bangarra Dance Theatre, Sydney Philharmonia, Gondwana, and Song Company, as well as new commercial retail opportunities. The creative companies who call Wharf 4/5 home are currently working out of temporary performance and workshop spaces. The delayed works on Pier 2/3 are causing bigger problems for the companies that are set to move into the new spaces there.
The Australian Chamber Orchestra, Bell Shakespeare and Australian Theatre for Young People (ATYP) have all had to find temporary residencies to work out of after having to vacate their previous workspaces in the Walsh Bay precinct.
Fraser Corfield, Artistic Director at ATYP said the following about the move, "Everyone's moved off the wharf that was there…we're now in offices on William Street and we're kind of partnering with everybody and anybody for performance and workshop venues and all sorts of other things."
Australian Theatre for Young People has fostered the early careers of several successful Australian actors including Rose Byrne, Rebel Wilson, Rob Carlton, and even Nicole Kidman. Their vision as a company is 'to forever raise expectations of what theatre with young people can achieve.' Not only do ATYP produce live theatre, but they also offer a wide range of hands-on workshops for young people. Finding new spaces to base these workshops in has taken a huge toll on the company's revenue.
"What is costing us money is that audiences are loyal and they're loyal to venues and spaces and routine, and when you up-end that and ask audiences to travel across town to new theatres, and when you ask them to travel across town to different workshops…you lose those audiences. ATYP has had a hit across all our earned income," said Corfield.
It seems currently that Create NSW, Infrastructure NSW, and Arts Minister Don Harwin, are all pushing for Treasury to approve the funding needed for construction of Pier 2/3 to go ahead. Minister Harwin and Create NSW stated, "Development designs for Pier 2/3 for the Australian Chamber Orchestra, Bell Shakespeare and the Australian Theatre for Young People, as well as a retained heritage commercial events/art space for events such as Sydney Writers' Festival, Biennale of Sydney and a wide range of cultural events, are being finalised." They went on to say, "Create NSW continues to work collaboratively with all Pier 2/3 tenants. The completion date for Pier 2/3 will be determined after plans are finalised."
Despite this, Millers Point Community Resident Action Group president John McInerney stated that Infrastructure NSW informed him in June that the works are still indefinite.
"We were informed that it is highly likely that this pier – until now a critical part of the vision for the precinct – will need to be boarded up and left inaccessible for an undefined period of time."
Fraser Corfield expressed ATYP's stance on the current situation however, saying: "We are aware that Create NSW, Infrastructure and the Minister are absolutely committed to Pier 2/3 and getting it up and we have found them nothing but supportive through that whole process. We are also aware that Pier 2/3 going ahead depends on Treasury and if for some reason Treasury does not approve the remaining money as is being requested, then ATYP is in a really difficult position. Because every year we're out of Wharf, it's costing us a lot of money."
ATYP's concerns are shared by both Bell Shakespeare and the Australian Chamber Orchestra, with all three companies left without a base for their work if funding isn't granted by the state government.
"To that aspect, we have every confidence in the State Government that it will follow through on its promises and deliver the building and the plans that have been agreed to. If it doesn't, the Government is essentially jeopardising the National Youth Theatre Company's future," said Corfield.
Next month a meeting of the Expenditure Review Committee will be held to decide whether the funding required to get Pier 2/3 up and running will be granted. Creatives around the country will be holding their breath as the decision could either make or break several of these flagship companies.
"It's important for the state of New South Wales to be able to point to flagship organisations that are doing world-leading work, and ATYP is one of those organisations," concluded Fraser, saying, "A major organisation like ATYP cannot exist without support from its state government."
Australian Chamber Orchestra
Australian Theatre for Young People
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Bell Shakespeare
Biennale of Sydney
Create NSW
Don Harwin
Fraser Corfield
Infrastructure NSW
John McInerney
Millers Point Community Resident Action Group
Song Company
sydney dance company
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Effects of change propagation resulting from adaptive preprocessing in multicomponent predictive systems.
Salvador, M. M., Budka, M. and Gabrys, B., 2016. Effects of change propagation resulting from adaptive preprocessing in multicomponent predictive systems. Procedia Computer Science, 96, pp. 713-722.
Predictive modelling is a complex process that requires a number of steps to transform raw data into predictions. Preprocessing of the input data is a key step in such process, and the selection of proper preprocessing methods is often a labour intensive task. Such methods are usually trained offline and their parameters remain fixed during the whole model deployment lifetime. However, preprocessing of non-stationary data streams is more challenging since the lack of adaptation of such preprocessing methods may degrade system performance. In addition, dependencies between different predictive system components make the adaptation process more challenging. In this paper we discuss the effects of change propagation resulting from using adaptive preprocessing in a Multicomponent Predictive System (MCPS). To highlight various issues we present four scenarios with different levels of adaptation. A number of experiments have been performed with a range of datasets to compare the prediction error in all four scenarios. Results show that well managed adaptation considerably improves the prediction performance. However, the model can become inconsistent if adaptation in one component is not correctly propagated throughout the rest of system components. Sometimes, such inconsistency may not cause an obvious deterioration in the system performance, therefore being difficult to detect. In some other cases it may even lead to a system failure as was observed in our experiments.


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Money & Medicine
The new vocational training
Professional certification programs are one way to gain entry into new employment sectors with credentials agreed upon by the industry itself. The Department of Labor has a new comprehensive employment website: Job Center USA (http://jobcenter.usa.gov/) in the BETA phase.
Can STEM Really Succeed?
In 2006, the U.S. National Academies expressed concern about the declining state of education in the United States in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). It recommended improving K–12 science and mathematics education, providing additional training for teachers in these areas, and increasing the number of students entering college for STEM-related degrees. […]
Bribr: A new Russian anti-corruption app
The Bribr app allows regular people to safely document the bribes negatively affecting their everyday lives while illustrating Russia's corruption problems to an international audience.
Lost in space? Cuts to NASA threaten innovation, diplomacy
Cuts to NASA threaten innovation and diplomacy, writes Princeton University's Janet Vertesi.
Is Congress putting online freedom at risk? How SOPA would change the Internet
Two prominent lawmakers are now backing away from a sweeping law that critics say would restrict the free flow of information on the Internet.
From Watson to Siri: As machines replace humans, are they creating inequality too?
Artificially intelligent machines might soon be indistinguishable from human workers. Such advances may be improving our way of life, but could they be creating inequality in our economy?
Futurist Ray Kurzweil isn't worried about climate change
The noted author and inventor predicts that in 20 years, we'll be meeting all our energy needs with solar power.
Climate scientists prepare for new attacks after GOP wins
Climate scientists are preparing for new attacks from Republicans. But they don't all agree on the right approach.
Photo: One giant leap for robots
Robonaut 2 will be tweeting about his adventures aboard the International Space Station.
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Alla etiketter
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Liberalism and Its Discontents
Fukuyama, Francis
My comments 2022-10-30
A pretty good text on the decline of liberalism in world politics in recent years. Many of the problems are related to the unintentional effects of policies that have been called liberal, sometimes accurately, sometimes not. Fukuyama defines liberalism as arguing "for the limitation of the powers of government through law and ultimately constitutions, creating institutions protecting the rights of individuals..." Fukuyama criticizes neoliberalism as an economic liberalism that has increased inequality and directly or indirectly caused many of the issues besetting liberalism today. He points out that the threats to liberal democracy comes in different ways from both the left and the right.
Fukuyama discusses the issues of equality, dignity, individualism, diversity and pluralism, and the ways these simultaneously reinforce and conflict with one another. He is refreshingly candid about the difficulties involved in maintaining a society that balances these values. He is scathing about the neoconservatism of Patrick Deneen, Yoram Hazony and others. He expertly analyses the various aspects of identity politics. His comments on post-modern thinking by Michel Foucault and others illuminates the connections with both sides of the current so-called culture wars. The discussion of national identity acknowledges the dangers of nationalism but also recognizes that "national identity is a social construct, and it can be shaped to support rather than undermine liberal values." He thinks liberals should be more proud of national identity when it refers to an open society.
His conclusions for a defense of a liberal society include stating a number of liberal principles, which I do not discuss here; that would require at least an entire essay. The final word in Fukyama's book goes to the value of moderation, a value espoused by the ancient Greeks, among others. The quest for the totality of some value in politics may be most fundamental error of our age.
Goodreads 58837538
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Leo Reino Sario (* 18. Mai 1916 in Lieksa; † 15. August 2009 in Santa Monica) war ein finnischer Mathematiker, der sich mit Funktionentheorie befasste.

Sario diente im finnischen Winterkrieg und Zweiten Weltkrieg in der finnischen Armee als Artillerieoffizier. Er wurde 1948 an der Universität Helsinki bei Rolf Nevanlinna promoviert (Über Riemannsche Flächen mit hebbarem Rand). 1950 ging er in die USA, war am Institute for Advanced Study, der Princeton University und dem  Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1954 wurde er Professor an der University of California, Los Angeles, an der er 1986 emeritiert wurde. Er starb in seinem Haus in Santa Monica an einem Herzanfall.

Er veröffentlichte Monographien und Lehrbücher über Riemannsche Flächen und Wertverteilungstheorie und andere Themen der Funktionentheorie. Von ihm stammt die Theorie der Principal Functions (Hauptfunktionen) auf Riemannschen Flächen.

1957 erhielt er das Kommandeurskreuz des finnischen Ritterordens.

Schriften
mit Lars Ahlfors: Riemann surfaces, Princeton mathematical series 26, Princeton UP 1960
mit Kiyoshi Noshiro: Value Distribution Theory, Van Nostrand 1966
mit Burton Rodin: Principal Functions, Springer 1968, Van Nostrand 1968
mit  Kōtarō Oikawa Capacity Functions, Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften 149, Springer 1969
mit Mitsuru Nakai: Classification Theory of Riemann Surfaces, Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften 164, Springer 1970
mit Mitsuru Nakai, Cecilia Wang, Lung Ock Chung: Classification Theory of Riemannian Manifolds : Harmonic, quasiharmonic and biharmonic functions, Lecture Notes in Mathematics 605, Springer 1977
Capacity of a boundary and of a boundary element, Annals of Mathematics, Band 59, 1954, S. 135–144

Einzelnachweise

Finne
Mathematiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (University of California, Los Angeles)
Geboren 1916
Gestorben 2009
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Welsh Government has announced a £6 million investment to help older people in Wales live independently in their own home.
It says the funding supports the work of the Care and Repair service. It provides adaptations like ramps, handrails, and safety alarms, to enable older people to live safely in their own homes.
£2 million of the funding is for the Rapid Response Adaptations Programme, which provides minor adaptations to help prevent many people from having to be admitted to hospital.
The Welsh Government says estimates show every pound invested in the programme creates a £7.50 saving for health and social services.
Care and Repair and the Rapid Response Adaptations Programme help transform the lives of more than 40,000 older people across Wales every year.
By providing relatively small home adaptations, these services enable people to continue to live safely in the homes they love with the dignity they deserve.
As people across Wales live longer, healthier lives, such preventative measures play an increasingly important role in supporting our health and social services.


text:
Q: How can create a-scene programmatically using aframe I'm new to js and html, I would like to get into Aframe.
I want to go from declarative form to create a scene to programmatical way using js to create it :
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>JavaScript - A-Frame School</title>
    <meta name="description" content="JavaScript - A-Frame School">
    <script src="https://aframe.io/releases/0.8.0/aframe.min.js"></script>

  </head>
  <body>
    <a-scene school-playground>
      <a-box  position="-1 0 -4.25" rotation="0 45 0"  color="red" ></a-box>

      <a-sky color="#ECECEC"></a-sky>
    </a-scene>
  </body>
</html>

To something like that :
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>JavaScript - A-Frame School</title>
    <meta name="description" content="JavaScript - A-Frame School">
    <script src="https://aframe.io/releases/0.8.0/aframe.min.js"></script>
    <script>
AFRAME.registerComponent('school-playground', {

init: function () {

 var body = document.querySelector('body');
 var sceneEl = document.createElement("a-scene");
 var body = document.querySelector('body');
 sceneEl.setAttribute("embedded", true);
 sceneEl.style.height="700px";
 sceneEl.style.width="100%";
 sceneEl.setAttribute("school-playground", "");

 var myBox = document.createElement('a-box');
 myBox.setAttribute('position', {x:-1, y:0, z:-4})
 myBox.setAttribute('rotation', {x:0,y:45, z:0}
 myBox.setAttribute('color', "red");
 sceneEl.appendChild(myBox);
body.appendChild(sceneEl);
//I also tried document.body.appendChild(sceneEl);
}
});
        </script>
  </head>
  <body>

  </body>
</html>

It doesn't seem possible to do it properly. Do I need to keep the scene statically defined ?
Thanks for your help.

A: Components initialize when attached to entities (https://aframe.io/docs/0.8.0/introduction/writing-a-component.html#using-property-data-from-a-lifecycle-handler). Your component is just registered but not associated to any entity so the init method won't run. You can programmatically create a scene as any other regular DOM component in JavaScript similarly to what you did but remember to do it outside of a component and append the scene to the document:
 var sceneEl = document.createElement("a-scene");
 ...
 document.body.appendChild(sceneEl);

You can also define your <a-scene> tag statically and then populate the scene:
sceneEl = document.querySelector("a-scene");
... create and append scene entities ...
sceneEl.appendChild(yourEntity);

I also recommend upgrading your A-Frame version to 0.8.0
Full runnable example on Glitch: https://glitch.com/edit/#!/conscious-way
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Hello, WebVR! - A-Frame</title>
    <meta name="description" content="Hello, WebVR! - A-Frame">
    <script src="https://aframe.io/releases/0.8.0/aframe.min.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
  <script>
   var sceneEl = document.createElement('a-scene');
   sceneEl.setAttribute('background', {color: 'red'});
   var cubeEl = document.createElement('a-box');
   cubeEl.setAttribute('color', 'blue');
   cubeEl.setAttribute('position', '0 1.5 -2');
   sceneEl.appendChild(cubeEl);
   document.body.appendChild(sceneEl);
  </script>
</html>

A: Here's what I write for the moment (the scene does not appear):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>JavaScript - A-Frame School</title>
    <meta name="description" content="JavaScript - A-Frame School">
<script src="https://aframe.io/releases/0.8.0/aframe.min.js"></script>

<script>
AFRAME.registerComponent('school-playground', {
    /**
     * Code within this function will be called when everything in <a-scene> is ready and loaded.
     */
  init: function () {
      //var body = document.body;

    //  var sceneEl = document.querySelector('a-scene');
     var sceneEl = document.createElement("a-scene");
      var body = document.querySelector('body');
      sceneEl.setAttribute("embedded", true);
     //sceneEl.setAttribute("class", "fullscreen");
      sceneEl.style.height="700px";
      sceneEl.style.width="100%";

      var camera = document.createElement("a-entity");
      camera.setAttribute("camera", "userHeight: 1.6");
      camera.setAttribute("look-controls", {enabled: true});
      camera.setAttribute("wasd-controls", "");
      camera.setAttribute("active", true);

      sceneEl.appendChild(camera)

       //cylinder creation using the necessary attributes
      var cylinder = document.createElement('a-cylinder');
      cylinder.setAttribute('color', '#FF9500');
      cylinder.setAttribute('height', '2');
      cylinder.setAttribute('radius', '0.75');
      cylinder.setAttribute('position', '3 1 -4');
      sceneEl.appendChild(cylinder);

      //box creation using the necessary attributes
      for (var i =0; i < 50; i++){
        var myBox = document.createElement('a-box');
        myBox.setAttribute('position', {x:Math.random()* 5-2.5 , y: Math.random()* 5-2.5 ,z : Math.random()* 5-7})
        myBox.setAttribute('scale', {x: Math.random() / 1.25, y: Math.random() / 1.25, z: Math.random() / 1.25});
        myBox.setAttribute( 'material', {color: '#00bfff'});
        myBox.setAttribute('material', {visible: true});
        myBox.setAttribute('rotation', {x: 0, y: 0, z: 0});
        sceneEl.appendChild(myBox);
      }
      document.body.appendChild(sceneEl);
  }
  });
</script>

 </head>
  <body>

  </body>
</html>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What is the CSFP Program?
The New York State Department of Health's Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP) offers free, nutritious foods to seniors aged 60 years of age and older. In 2013, the number of people participating in CSFP was approximately 34,000 monthly. Additionally, in 2013 over 20,000 senior families enrolled in CSFP received benefits to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables at farmers' markets through the Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program.
CSFP is available in New York City and Long Island only.
The program's goal is to ensure that participants receive adequate nutritious foods.
CSFP is an equal-opportunity provider. USDA Non-Discrimination Statement.


text:
Save the Mattapan Line…
dotrat February 23, 2016 Automobiles, Dorchester, History, Mattapan, Observations, Politics, The Neighborhood
So a few weeks back our friend Bill Forry over at the Dorchester Reporter put out this great piece about the folks who maintain the Ashmont/Mattapan trolley line. With all the anti MBTA sentiment that's being tossed about it was a welcomed perspective. Of course I, like a lot of my fellow Dot Rats, have a special place in my heart for these wonderful old trolleys. They are a little slice of home…a little thread in that comfy old blanket we call Dorchester. Unfortunately, as the MBTA continues to receive greater scrutiny of it's operations, our love of these charming trolleys is of little value if the riders can't quantify the practicality of the line.
Over the years I've heard many reverent stories about family hopping on a trolley and cruising just about anywhere in Dorchester and Roxbury as they tended to their daily lives. My mother till this day does not have her drivers license and she's completely fine with that. She is truly the product of a streetcar culture.
As we all know, the bulk of our nation's streetcars faded away long ago. Quite simply we turned to buses and the reasoning behind that is still debated today.
Sure, you can argue that buses provide a more flexible platform to move people around the city and taking streetcars off of Dot and Neponset avenues eased congestion with the proliferation of the automobile. But, it begs other questions…
Are buses as clean to run in thickly settled areas? Do buses provide us a as healthy ROI (Return on Investment) – I don't see any buses built in 1945 carrying people on a transit system anywhere in the world. If we had trolleys with their own "right of way" like the old #29 Blue Hill Ave line (seen below) that wouldn't cause street congestion…..why did we get rid of them?
My hope is that we do not make the same mistake we have in the past. Our governor's efforts to create new efficiency is just more of the same thinly veiled privatization banter he learned from his mentor. His timing was impeccable on the heels of last year's terrible winter….what's not is the facts coming back from Keolis. Makes me wonder if Chuck looking at the ridership numbers from the Swampscott stop on the commuter rail…
The "Save the Mattapan Line!" Facebook group has been gaining traction after Universal Hub put out a quick blurb about it a month back. There's been some healthy debate over there. One young man in particular has been making waves with his take on the weight restriction argument of the line. Have a peek….
Big hat tip goes to Boston Streetcars for maintaining such an insightful website!
Archiduc Joseph D'Évie
February 21 at 1:20pm
Every single span on the Mattapan-Ashmont Line is as old as the spans on the Riverside Line. Both lines were integrated into Boston's trolley network from former heavy rail commuter and freight railroads, and the spans originally handled both steam and eventually diesel locomotives, while pulling rakes of packed passenger cars and tons of freight. Anyone who is stating publicly that the spans on the Mattapan-Ashmont Line cannot already handle the weight of modern streetcars (also known as Light Rail Vehicles, or "LRV's" for short) is either misinformed or lying outright.
That said, the spans in question may need repairs or replacement. If there was money to replace the Mystic River Bridge and to dig that notorious, massive, taxpayer-financed subway tunnel for automobile traffic known as the Big Dig (meaning the public are on the hook to "dig big" into their pockets generations into the future to pay off the colossal debt they've incurred for an inherently flawed, short-sighted project), there is money enough to replace a few small aged rail spans in Milton and Dorchester with brand new rail spans.
It is time for the anti-electric rail, anti-connectivity forces to stop their absurd, lie-driven propaganda offensive and admit that they are wildly outnumbered by the riding public who not only have collectively done more research than the Baker administration has over the years on what would work best for Boston, but actually patronize the Mattapan-Ashmont Line on a regular basis. SEPTA are ahead of Boston in the standardization/modernization of Philadelphia's streetcar fleet. Soon, Philly's extremely well-maintained Kawasaki LRV (affectionately known as K-cars) fleet will be retired.
While the T follow in Philly's and Toronto's footsteps in standardizing and modernizing their streetcar fleet, there is every reason for them to jump at the chance to procure a small fleet of refurbished K-cars for immediate revenue service on the Mattapan-Ashmont Line to supplement the PCCs. The staff at the Mattapan trolley maintenance facility are some of the finest, most qualified professionals on the entire T system. They are well qualified to maintain and operate K-cars.
The Mattapan-Ashmont Line was electrified and incorporated into the rest of the electric streetcar network around which Boston was originally designed. The working class housing stock of the city – triple deckers and rowhouses, as well as more grandiose constructions – evolved around streetcar logistics in the same way that skyscrapers were built after the advent of subways made such tall buildings conceivable. The Mattapan-Ashmont line is a fine example of virtually everything that frequently running electric rail service provides best.
So this business of deliberately engineering equipment shortages and deferring maintenance on critical electric rail infrastructure on Mattapan-Ashmont and indeed, throughout Boston, must end. It amounts to an act of sabotage. It is high time for the riding public in Boston to speak with one unified voice and demand that maintenance of electric rail service – both light rail subway/surface trolley and heavy rail subway – throughout the T – be assigned the maximum level of priority. This perennial practice of holding the trolley riders of Dorchester, Mattapan and Milton hostage to political games and backroom deals is uglier than ugly and it must cease at once.
As one of the legions of people who knew and deeply respected T Librarian George Sanborn and others who were part of the backbone of promoting and maintaining the T as the pride of Boston, I demand that those at the T and in state government who today persist in stating that the spans along the Mattapan-Ashmont Line can't possibly handle the weight of single or two-car trains of light rail vehicles either put up or shut up. Share with the riding public all data substantiating your absurd claims.
In turn, we, the riding public, will be only too happy to share with you our decades of rail operations, urban planning and urban studies experience, along with mountains of archival photography and reams of anecdotal data to counter your baseless claims.
Some may think that by closing the T's library at Park Square and decentralizing – and destroying – its vital repository of knowledge – they can actually erase all traces of data and records of a Boston which was built and fundamentally engineered around electric rail.
They are wrong.
Ashmont Mattapan mbta trolley
3 Responses to "Save the Mattapan Line…"
D'Évie says:
Thank you very much for this honor. Just one thing – I'm not a young lady – I'm a man
"of a certain age". 😉 In honor of Black History month, my avatar is a photo of the late, great Hilda Reed – a precious friend of mine who was herself a staunch advocate of civil rights, neighborhood and transit justice in Boston (and everywhere in America). I loved her like my own grandma and miss her every day. But if you want to call me a young lady, I would consider it a compliment at this point, as I have been called far worse. So, no harm done. 😉 All the best to all the fine folk at Dotrat, always. And thank you again for sharing my post!!
dotrat says:
It was very well written – so glad you put your thoughts out there.
My pleasure. Thank you very much!


Access platforms also known as work platforms are constructed to give construction workers access to work areas of the building under construction. They are used for construction, building maintenance, and electric work. There are various kinds of access platforms that are used in the construction industry such as mobile towers, powered access platforms, boom lifts, scissors lifts and personnel lifts. Mobile towers are also known as mobile scaffolds and have been used extensively in the construction industry. The advantages of mobile towers are that they could be easily moved to any location at the construction site because of the wheels installed at the base of the tower and therefore it allows workers to access long ranges of the building.
Powered access platforms are mounted on vehicles and are used when workers just need to access the exteriors of a building. Powered access platforms give workers access to different levels of the same building. There are two kinds of boom lifts such as the articulated booms and telescopic booms. Boom lifts enable workers access areas by going around certain obstructions like trees or canopies whereas telescopic booms give workers the required height needed to access sections of the work area. Scissors lifts are different from boom lifts as they can only extend vertically and do not have the added advantage of reaching over obstacles. But scissors lifts have a larger lifting capacity and more platform area to work with.
Umm Al Naar in Abu Dhabi, Jebel Ali and Nasr Square in Deira, Dubai are the best-known areas in UAE to find manufacturers and suppliers to purchase, rent or lease access platforms.


Michael William Hubinsky of Niles passed away on Tuesday, July 10, 2018 at 5:16 p.m. in his residences. He was 69.
Michael was born in Youngstown on February 14, 1949, the son of Michael J. and Pauline C. Parisi Hubinsky.
Mr. Hubinsky was a 1967 graduate of Austintown Fitch High School. Following high school Michael furthered his education at Youngstown State University, graduating with an Associate Degree in Computer Technology.
He was employed at Standard Transformer as a quality control specialist for many years.
Michael was a member of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. Family, especially his grandchildren where the light of his life. He enjoyed babysitting and watching his grandchildren play. He was also a member of the Niles Democrat Men's Club.
Mr. Hubinsky is survived by his wife, Elaine Peters Hubinsky whom he married April 15, 1978; a son, Christopher Michael (Colleen) Hubinsky of Girard; a daughter, Michelle Hubinsky of Orange City, IA; a brother, David J. (Diane) Hubinsky of Southington; his mother, Pauline C. Hubinsky of Howland; 3 grandchildren, Leah, Madison, and Christopher David Hubinsky.
In addition to his father, Michael was preceded in death by an infant brother.
Calling hours will be on Saturday, July 14, 2018 from 10:00 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. in the Wm Nicholas Funeral Home & Cremation Services 614 Warren Ave. Niles. A procession will leave the funeral home at 10:40 for Mass .
A Mass of Christian Burial will take place on Saturday, July 14, 2018 at 11:00 at Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Parish with Rev. John-Michael Lavelle.


LATA (local access and transport area) is a term in the U.S. for a geographic area covered by one or more local telephone companies, which are legally referred to as local exchange carriers (LECs). A connection between two local exchanges within the LATA is referred to as intraLATA. A connection between a carrier in one LATA to a carrier in another LATA is referred to as interLATA. InterLATA is long-distance service. The current rules for permitting a company to provide intraLATA or interLATA service (or both) are based on the Telecommunications Act of 1996.


text:
Call 833-7JOURNEY (833-756-8763)
Cocaine/Crack Addiction
Ecstacy/Molly/MDM
Meth/Adderall Addiction
The Professionals Program
12 Step Track
Holistic Track
Programs & Therapies
Chemical Dependency Education
Physical Fitness & Exercise
Meditation and Mindfullness Training
Journey Hillside Tarzana:
Acetone. Ammonia. Sulfuric Acid. Toluene. These everyday household and industrial chemicals are effective paint thinners, fertilizers, drain cleaners and brake fluids. Inconspicuous and innocent enough on their own, they can be combined to create something much more sinister: methamphetamine. By using these and other common chemicals, this notorious drug is made from pseudoephedrine, the active ingredient in many over-the-counter decongestants. Cheap, potent and readily available, over the past few decades methamphetamine use has steadily risen in the United States, creating an epidemic that has left a trail of crime, violence and devastation in its wake. Small towns and rural communities have been particularly affected by the rise of methamphetamine, negatively impacting the health, stability and well-being of families and individuals in these areas.
Although the opioid crisis has dominated the conversation lately, methamphetamine abuse remains a problem in many parts of the country. Known for its addictive potential, undesirable side effects and correlation to crime, many users experience an extreme decrease in overall quality of life once addiction takes hold. At Journey Hillside Tarzana, we work closely with patients to explore the roots of their meth addiction and help them rediscover a brighter future, one free from the cycle of substance abuse. Our signature services include a wide range of therapeutic options for those struggling with methamphetamine addiction, providing effective treatments that give patients the tools they need to eliminate their dependence and learn how to live a healthy, sober life.
What is Methamphetamine?
Methamphetamine or meth is a highly addictive and potent stimulant that gives users an intense high, seemingly unlimited energy and a decreased need for food or sleep. Often produced in clandestine labs using a variety of hazardous chemicals, meth occurs in a powder form that resembles crystals or shards of ice and can be smoked, snorted, injected or eaten. As with other illicitly-produced substances, it's impossible to know the quality or purity of methamphetamine, making it difficult for users to gauge how much of the drug they're consuming or what dangerous by-products they're ingesting in the process. This poses an extreme risk to an individual's health and well-being, increasing the likelihood of unwanted side effects, overdose and death.
When consumed, meth acts on the central nervous system and creates a surge or rush of euphoria, followed by hours of increased activity levels, racing thoughts and an elevated mood. The methamphetamine is a long-acting drug and the high can be extended to last for days, during which time users don't sleep and often begin to become paranoid or anxious. Severe psychological effects that include hallucinations, delusions and psychosis are not uncommon as long periods of excitability, sleep deprivation and elevated dopamine levels in the brain negatively affect one's mental state and overall health.
Signs of Methamphetamine Addiction
Methamphetamine overstimulates areas of the brain that control mood, sleep and energy, releasing large amounts of dopamine that create a euphoric rush and long-lasting high. While it makes users feel more confident, focused and less fearful, the high also makes them more likely to engage in risky or violent behavior. The extreme effects of meth on an individual also produce several distinct and noticeable effects, which include:
Dilated pupils
Inability to sit still
Incoherent thought patterns
Fidgeting and twitching
Obsessive behavior
Excessive energy
Erratic behavior
The long-term consequences of meth use are also prominent and often include weight loss, tooth decay, malnutrition and psychiatric issues. Health problems worsen with patterns of binging and crashing, in which users consume large amounts of the drug and frequently re-dose to prevent the inevitable and brutal come down. Consistent, repeated use of the drug produces diminishing returns, creating a cycle of abuse that is difficult to escape from without professional help and guidance. At Journey Hillside Tarzana, our dedicated medical team can help patients navigate the difficulties of methamphetamine addiction with compassion and expertise, managing withdrawal symptoms and addressing the full scope of the drug's physical, mental and emotional effects on the brain and body. From detox to residential treatment and aftercare support, our signature services guide patients through multiple stages of recovery to ensure a consistent, effective experience that provides the greatest chance at long-term sobriety.
Treating Methamphetamine Addiction
Methamphetamine affects the brain so strongly that overcoming an addiction to the drug is challenging. The meth high comes from extremely elevated dopamine levels, throwing off the neurochemical balance that regulates mood, energy levels, pleasure and more. Long-term use of methamphetamine depletes dopamine stores and damages receptors in the brain. When meth isn't present to stimulate the release of dopamine, individuals often feel anxious, depressed and lethargic. Many individuals recovering from meth addiction experience a period of anhedonia — the inability to feel pleasure at all — which can last for months. These psychological symptoms linger for a long time as the brain heals, making this a difficult phase as the things that were once appealing, such as food, sex, exercise or even a favorite activity, are no longer satisfying.
The intense psychological effects produced by methamphetamine often require professional care, personalized treatments and compassionate guidance to overcome. At Journey Hillside Tarzana, our dedicated medical team helps patients successfully manage withdrawal symptoms and eliminate their physical dependence so they can focus on achieving deep and lasting recovery. Methamphetamine addiction is often addressed with a variety of therapies and treatments that support the emotional, physical and mental health needs of patients, such as:
Medically-supervised detox
Evidence-based psychotherapies
Experiential therapies
Individual and group counseling
The Matrix model
12-step based programs
The treatment programs at Journey Hillside draw inspiration from the 12-steps and incorporate a unique blend of traditional and holistic modalities for a deeply individualized, engaging and multidisciplinary experience. The level of care we provide goes above and beyond industry standards to give each patient the best chance at achieving sustainable sobriety and the happy, healthy life they deserve.
Contact Journey Hillside Tarzana
Journey Hillside Tarzana in Los Angeles, California, is a luxury treatment center for men and women who are struggling with addiction and co-occurring mental health disorders. Our flexible treatment plans, specialized care options and multidisciplinary approach has helped numerous individuals end their dependency on meth and get their lives back on track. If you or someone you care about needs help with substance abuse, contact or call us today at xx-xxx-xxxx to learn more about our programs and how they can help.
Call 833-7JOURNEY or schedule an appointment online
Journey Hillside Tarzana
4706 Viviana Drive
P: 833-7JOURNEY
Programming & Therapies
Meditation & Mindfullness Training
© 2020 Journey Hillside Tarzana.
Digital Marketing By Incredible Marketing
Call 833-7JOURNEY


Addiction is anything but spiritual. It robs an addict of money, years, friends, family, love, and self-awareness. In the end, many addicts are homeless, terrified, and struggling to find a reason to even wake up in the morning. No condition is quite as conducive to a spiritual treatment approach. When the spirit is robbed of its life, spirituality in recovery can be the answer. It's possible to find drug treatment centers that cater specifically to the spiritual side of recovery. A spiritual approach to recovery doesn't exclude a medical detox. Once the physical pain of addiction has worn away, then it's time to go on a spiritual journey to combat the forces that led to an addiction in the first place.
No one knows the precise cause of addiction. It certainly includes environmental factors, such as initial exposure to the drug and the concept that the drug is okay to use in a specific environment. College is an especially powerful environment where drug experimentation occurs among young people. This initial exposure leads to addiction for some students. Biological and genetic factors take over after the initial exposure. Some people are pre-disposed to addiction because it runs in their family, so they may have seen the drugs in their environment or their body and brain chemistry may make them more likely to abuse drugs or alcohol. Addiction itself has many underlying psychological effects once the user is under the influence and drugs and within the grasp of the dreaded use, recover, and relapse cycle. All of these forces contribute to the complex disease of addiction. Many people believe that addiction is also a disease of the spirit, where the spirit is deprived of the things it needs to grow and thrive naturally. In the absence of love, acceptance, healthy social contacts, and hobbies, an addict grows bored and begins to turn away from things that nurture the spirit and to things that destroy it, like drugs and alcohol.
Despite the fact that medical detox is often necessary and then psychological treatment recommended in cases where mental illness is also present with the addiction, almost all treatment centers now deploy some form of spiritual treatment for alcoholism and drug addiction. This doesn't mean that the addict is naturally bad or immoral but that when their spirit is deprived of growth, they're more likely to turn back to the solutions they've used in the past. When the spirit is growing and learning new things, or experiencing life in interesting ways, addicts pull away from drugs and alcohol and gravitate toward healthy spiritual goals.
Meditation is one of the single most important parts of any spiritual program. All recovering addicts should try meditation at least once to see if it helps them maintain calm in the face of their overwhelming circumstances. Even people who are skeptical of the benefits of meditation often find that it helps them form time to time. They may not swear by it but it helps. For addicts, they need all possible options to combat their disease.
Anything that nurtures the spirit is a spiritual approach and this can include new experiences, such as volunteering to help people or going on a spiritual journey through the woods. These activities give the addict the same thing they were seeking in drugs. In essence, it's experimenting with life instead of the death and destruction of drugs. Thankfully many addicts find that in early sobriety, their list of spiritual experiences grows long because they are so eager to experience life again. It's almost like having a second lifetime, but this time the lifetime is a pleasant one.
The spirit isn't meant to be kept by itself. It only continues to grow when it is shared with other spirits. Addicts in early recovery often develop spiritual bonds that last a lifetime. Instead of being on the streets looking for drugs, this new version of the addict is with fellow recovered people and looking for new life experiences and new spiritual experiences. Once the spirit is exposed to others in this environment, recovery and healing truly begins.
Spiritual approaches to recovery continue to play an important part of the overall treatment plan. Some programs focus more or less on the spiritual side of things, but almost all of them will have some form of spiritual remedy for addicts to consider.


text:
Evidence that translocation of anthrax toxin's lethal factor is initiated by entry of its N terminus into the protective antigen channel
Sen Zhang, Alan Finkelstein, R. John Collier
Physiology & Biophysics
Entry of the enzymatic components of anthrax toxin [lethal factor (LF) and edema factor] into the cytosol of mammalian cells depends on the ability of the activated protective antigen (PA 63) component to form a channel (pore) in the membrane of an acidic intracellular compartment. To investigate the mechanism of translocation, we characterized N-terminally truncated forms of the PA 63-binding domain of LF (LF N). Deleting 27 or 36 residues strongly inhibited acid-triggered translocation of LF N across the plasma membrane of CHO-K1 cells and ablated the protein's ability to block PA 63 channels in planar lipid bilayers at a small positive voltage (+20 mV). Fusing a H 6-tag to the N terminus of the truncated proteins restored both translocation and channel-blocking activities. At +20 mV, N-terminal H 6 and biotin tags were accessible to Ni 2+ and streptavidin, respectively, added to the trans compartment of a planar bilayer. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the N terminus of PA 63-bound LF or edema factor enters the PA 63-channel under the influence of acidic pH and a positive transmembrane potential and initiates translocation in an N- to C-terminal direction.
Intracellular Membranes
Lipid Bilayers
Membrane Potentials
anthrax toxin
edema factor
Zhang, S., Finkelstein, A., & Collier, R. J. (2004). Evidence that translocation of anthrax toxin's lethal factor is initiated by entry of its N terminus into the protective antigen channel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(48), 16756-16761. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0405754101
Evidence that translocation of anthrax toxin's lethal factor is initiated by entry of its N terminus into the protective antigen channel. / Zhang, Sen; Finkelstein, Alan; Collier, R. John.
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 101, No. 48, 30.11.2004, p. 16756-16761.
Zhang, S, Finkelstein, A & Collier, RJ 2004, 'Evidence that translocation of anthrax toxin's lethal factor is initiated by entry of its N terminus into the protective antigen channel', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 101, no. 48, pp. 16756-16761. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0405754101
Zhang S, Finkelstein A, Collier RJ. Evidence that translocation of anthrax toxin's lethal factor is initiated by entry of its N terminus into the protective antigen channel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2004 Nov 30;101(48):16756-16761. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0405754101
Zhang, Sen ; Finkelstein, Alan ; Collier, R. John. / Evidence that translocation of anthrax toxin's lethal factor is initiated by entry of its N terminus into the protective antigen channel. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2004 ; Vol. 101, No. 48. pp. 16756-16761.
@article{0552768e06034319a4c094a046ef955e,
title = "Evidence that translocation of anthrax toxin's lethal factor is initiated by entry of its N terminus into the protective antigen channel",
abstract = "Entry of the enzymatic components of anthrax toxin [lethal factor (LF) and edema factor] into the cytosol of mammalian cells depends on the ability of the activated protective antigen (PA 63) component to form a channel (pore) in the membrane of an acidic intracellular compartment. To investigate the mechanism of translocation, we characterized N-terminally truncated forms of the PA 63-binding domain of LF (LF N). Deleting 27 or 36 residues strongly inhibited acid-triggered translocation of LF N across the plasma membrane of CHO-K1 cells and ablated the protein's ability to block PA 63 channels in planar lipid bilayers at a small positive voltage (+20 mV). Fusing a H 6-tag to the N terminus of the truncated proteins restored both translocation and channel-blocking activities. At +20 mV, N-terminal H 6 and biotin tags were accessible to Ni 2+ and streptavidin, respectively, added to the trans compartment of a planar bilayer. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the N terminus of PA 63-bound LF or edema factor enters the PA 63-channel under the influence of acidic pH and a positive transmembrane potential and initiates translocation in an N- to C-terminal direction.",
author = "Sen Zhang and Alan Finkelstein and Collier, {R. John}",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.0405754101",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
T1 - Evidence that translocation of anthrax toxin's lethal factor is initiated by entry of its N terminus into the protective antigen channel
AU - Zhang, Sen
AU - Finkelstein, Alan
AU - Collier, R. John
N2 - Entry of the enzymatic components of anthrax toxin [lethal factor (LF) and edema factor] into the cytosol of mammalian cells depends on the ability of the activated protective antigen (PA 63) component to form a channel (pore) in the membrane of an acidic intracellular compartment. To investigate the mechanism of translocation, we characterized N-terminally truncated forms of the PA 63-binding domain of LF (LF N). Deleting 27 or 36 residues strongly inhibited acid-triggered translocation of LF N across the plasma membrane of CHO-K1 cells and ablated the protein's ability to block PA 63 channels in planar lipid bilayers at a small positive voltage (+20 mV). Fusing a H 6-tag to the N terminus of the truncated proteins restored both translocation and channel-blocking activities. At +20 mV, N-terminal H 6 and biotin tags were accessible to Ni 2+ and streptavidin, respectively, added to the trans compartment of a planar bilayer. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the N terminus of PA 63-bound LF or edema factor enters the PA 63-channel under the influence of acidic pH and a positive transmembrane potential and initiates translocation in an N- to C-terminal direction.
AB - Entry of the enzymatic components of anthrax toxin [lethal factor (LF) and edema factor] into the cytosol of mammalian cells depends on the ability of the activated protective antigen (PA 63) component to form a channel (pore) in the membrane of an acidic intracellular compartment. To investigate the mechanism of translocation, we characterized N-terminally truncated forms of the PA 63-binding domain of LF (LF N). Deleting 27 or 36 residues strongly inhibited acid-triggered translocation of LF N across the plasma membrane of CHO-K1 cells and ablated the protein's ability to block PA 63 channels in planar lipid bilayers at a small positive voltage (+20 mV). Fusing a H 6-tag to the N terminus of the truncated proteins restored both translocation and channel-blocking activities. At +20 mV, N-terminal H 6 and biotin tags were accessible to Ni 2+ and streptavidin, respectively, added to the trans compartment of a planar bilayer. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the N terminus of PA 63-bound LF or edema factor enters the PA 63-channel under the influence of acidic pH and a positive transmembrane potential and initiates translocation in an N- to C-terminal direction.
U2 - 10.1073/pnas.0405754101
DO - 10.1073/pnas.0405754101
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America


text:
Atlantic Acupuncture
Vero Beach • Dr. Robert Kienitz
Herbal Medicine is the main treatment modality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and TCM is the world's oldest, continually practiced, professional medicine. Its written history stretches back over 5,000 years and its practice is undoubtedly much older than that. The theory of Chinese herbal medicine is also the basis of TCM internal medicine and TCM cannot be practiced as a complete system of medicine without a refined understanding of herbal medical theory.
Although acupuncture was the first Chinese modality to gain wide acceptance in the West, Chinese herbal medicine is quickly establishing itself as one of the most popular and effective alternative therapies.
North American and European folk herbalism treat disease by singular symptoms such as headache, runny nose, menstrual pain, etc. Chinese herbal medicine is based on an individualized pattern diagnosis as well as a symptomatic diagnosis. This means that the TCM patient receives a custom herbal formula for each condition. In this way, two patients presenting with seemingly identical symptoms of a common cold could receive two different herbal formulas based upon their individual constitution as well as their cold symptoms. The TCM pattern diagnosis is made up of a person's signs, symptoms, body constitution and emotional temperament.
Another distinction between Western herbalism and Chinese herbalism is that Western Herbology uses single herbs for single symptoms or a group of related herbs all treating the same symptom. Chinese herbalism utilizes many herbs in each formula designed to address not only the acute symptom, but the underlying condition and the patient's entire pattern as well.
Although called herbal medicine, TCM practitioners us ingredients from all three kingdoms: animal, plant and mineral. The Ben Cao or Materia Medica lists over 3,000 entries of medicinal substances. However, the majority of these are from plant sources. Leaves, flowers, twigs, stems, roots, tubers, and barks are some of the plant parts used.
More than 90% of the pharmaceuticals prescribed by M.D.'s have plant, animal and mineral origins. The closer we are to the source of our medicine, the more harmonious it will be in our mind/body system. The chief cause of the negative side effects of pharmaceuticals is that they work too quickly and/or too powerfully. Your system does not have time to metabolize and harmonize them and is thrown into a state of unbalance. Chinese herbal medicine allows your body time to metabolize nourishing or dispersing substances and there are no negative side effects when professionally prescribed.
The traditional Doctor sees the struggle between the body's defense mechanisms and the pathogens that try to invade it as a war between two opposing armies. If the pathogenic force is strong, the patient will succumb to illness. If the patient's defensive mechanisms are strong, good health will be victorious. The strategies a Doctor uses for fighting disease are as clearly defined as the strategies military leaders use to defeat the opposition.
The herbal formulas used in this fight were developed with clearly military-like strategies and the herbs that make up the formulas have military designations such as the General, Lieutenant, Soldier, and Envoy. A typical herbal formula may have many ingredients but all the herbs in the formula will fall into these four categories.
The General's job is to lead the formula and this herb sets the tone for the entire formula, its energy is the one that has the most impact on the patient's condition and it is usually the most powerful herb in a formula.
Our next herb in a formula is the Lieutenant, which supports the action of the General and addresses secondary conditions that occur in an illness. For instance, in a common cold there may be fever as the main concern and body ache as the secondary concern. The Lieutenant in this case would support the function of the General to reduce the fever and also work to relieve the body ache.
The Soldier herb supports the main function of the formula, but also is used to offset possible harsh effects on the other herbs. The herbs used to reduce fever are often so cooling that they can cause nausea. The Soldier can be used to calm the stomach so that the optimum effect of the formula is achieved without adding an upset stomach to the patient's list of complaints.
An Envoy herb plays a dual role in an herbal formula. The first role is that of guiding the medicine to the area where it is most needed. This is called tropism and ensures that a formula that is intended to clear heat from the lungs gets where it needs to be. The second role of an Envoy herb is to harmonize the actions of the other herbs in the formula and keep the group cohesive and working to a common treatment principle. In Chinese medical philosophy, the traditional Doctor is viewed as a great military strategist whose talent lies in the analysis of his patient's condition so that the appropriate herbal medicine can be given. Just as an army without a skilled leader is a dangerous mob, so herbal medicine without a skilled Doctor is dangerous at worst and useless at best.
Although there are a few tonic herbal formulas that can be safely taken by anyone, the key to the professional prescription of Chinese herbs is the individual pattern diagnosis. That is the method by which the practitioner determines the pathological mechanism that is the cause of the symptoms of disease. Pattern diagnosis is achieved by the study of the patient's pulse, tongue and eyes, through the patient's health history and analysis of specific signs and symptoms. Chinese herbal medicine treats the full range of human disease. It treats gynecological disorders, autoimmune diseases, chronic viral diseases and degenerative diseases due to aging. In particular, Chinese herbal medicine is especially good for promoting the body's ability to fight off disease through an improved immune function and in TCM, the emphasis is on disease prevention. There is no sense in waiting to dig the well until one is already thirsty.
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