analyzeNetwork(layers) analyzes the deep learning network architecture specified by layers. The analyzeNetwork function displays an interactive visualization of the network architecture, detects errors and issues in the network, and provides detailed information about the network layers. The layer information includes the sizes of layer activations and learnable parameters, the total number of learnable parameters, and the sizes of state parameters of recurrent layers.
Use the network analyzer to visualize and understand the network architecture, check that you have defined the architecture correctly, and detect problems before training. Problems that analyzeNetwork detects include missing or unconnected layers, incorrectly sized layer inputs, an incorrect number of layer inputs, and invalid graph structures.
Load a pretrained GoogLeNet convolutional neural network.
Analyze the network. analyzeNetwork displays an interactive plot of the network architecture and a table containing information about the network layers.
Investigate the network architecture using the plot to the left. Select a layer in the plot. The selected layer is highlighted in the plot and in the layer table.
In the table, view layer information such as layer properties, layer type, and sizes of the layer activations and learnable parameters. The activations of a layer are the outputs of that layer.
Select a deeper layer in the network. Notice that activations in deeper layers are smaller in the spatial dimensions (the first two dimensions) and larger in the channel dimension (the last dimension). Using this structure enables convolutional neural networks to gradually increase the number of extracted image features while decreasing the spatial resolution.
Show the total number of learnable parameters in each layer by clicking the arrow in the top-right corner of the layer table and select Total Learnables. To sort the layer table by column value, hover the mouse over the column heading and click the arrow that appears. For example, you can determine which layer contains the most parameters by sorting the layers by the total number of learnable parameters.
Create a simple convolutional network with shortcut connections. Create the main branch of the network as an array of layers and create a layer graph from the layer array. layerGraph connects all the layers in layers sequentially.
Create the shortcut connections. One of the shortcut connections contains a single 1-by-1 convolutional layer skipConv.
Analyze the network architecture. analyzeNetwork finds four errors in the network.
A softmax layer, which outputs class probabilities, must precede the classification layer. To fix the error in the output classification layer, add a softmax layer before the classification layer.
The skipConv layer is not connected to the rest of the network. It should be a part of the shortcut connection between the add1 and add2 layers. To fix this error, connect add1 to skipConv and skipConv to add2.
The add2 layer is specified to have three inputs, but the layers only has two inputs. To fix the error, specify the number of inputs as 2.
All the inputs to an addition layer must have the same size, but the add1 layer has two inputs with different sizes. Because the conv_2 layer has a 'Stride' value of 2, this layer downsamples the activations by a factor of two in the first two dimensions (the spatial dimensions). To resize the input from the relu2 layer so that it has the same size as the input from relu1, remove the downsampling by setting the 'Stride' value of the conv_2 layer to 1.
Apply these modifications to the layer graph construction from the beginning of this example and create a new layer graph.
Analyze the new architecture. The new network does not contain any errors and is ready to be trained.
Network architecture, specified as a Layer array, LayerGraph object, SeriesNetwork object, or DAGNetwork object.


text:
'Mr. Cosby's Power Is Back,' Declares Spokesman After Mistrial Announced in Sex Assault Case
By Chris Queen 2017-06-17T16:47:17
On Saturday Judge Steven O'Neill declared a mistrial in the sexual assault case against beloved comedian and television star Bill Cosby. The jury had deliberated for 52 hours over a six-day period before informing the judge that they remained "hopelessly deadlocked."
Cosby stood trial, accused of drugging and molesting a female acquaintance named Andrea Constand in 2004. Cosby and Constand met at the comic's alma mater, Temple University, where Constand worked at the time. She claimed Cosby drugged and fondled her at his home.
Cosby did not testify on his own behalf but allowed his attorney to make the case that the acts between the two parties were consensual. He claimed that he gave Constand tablets of Benadryl, but prosecutors claimed that the comedian gave her a stronger substance.
Constand initially went to authorities about her encounter with Cosby roughly a year after it took place, but the case did not go to trial until a decade later, when a new district attorney reopened the case in light of new evidence. Constand is the only one of more than 60 women who have accused Cosby of assault whose case has gone to trial.
Bill Cosby Blames Racism for Sexual Assault Allegations...
Prosecutors have promised to retry the case within the next 120 days, and Cosby went home on $1 million bail. Fox News reported the district attorney's statement to the press:
"We will revaluate and review our case and will retry it and move as soon as possible," Montgomery County District Attorney Kevin Steele told reporters.
He praised the accuser and said she is "entitled to a verdict in this case."
Cosby's wife Camille issued a statement following the mistrial in which she decried the "arrogance" of the the judge and the ambition of the prosecuting team, and she called the case an "injustice."
Statement From Mrs. Camille Cosby pic.twitter.com/nfBF92BpN1
— Bill Cosby (@BillCosby) June 17, 2017
Bill Cosby himself did not speak to the media, but the statement from his spokesman — with the comedian standing directly behind him — was bizarre in its own pomposity, as relayed by Fox News:
"In the words of Huey P. Newton, power is the ability to define phenomenon, making it act in a designed manner," Wyatt said.
"Mr. Cosby's power is back... the jurors, they used their power to speak... Mrs. [Camille] Cosby's power is back," he said.
The spokesman also accused high-profile women's rights attorney Gloria Allred of conspiring against Cosby.
"For all those attorneys, who conspire like Gloria Allred, tell them to go back to law school and take another class," he said.
Cosby spokesperson says Bill Cosby's "power is back" after mistrial, tells Gloria Allred to "go back to law school" https://t.co/M4pXEtSZ5h pic.twitter.com/po9TnCj7TZ
— ABC News (@ABC) June 17, 2017
Allred herself gave a briefing to reporters outside the courtroom, stating that "justice will come."
The Cosby case has rocked two generations of American pop culture lovers. Baby boomers remember Cosby as a trailblazing stand-up comedian, relaying hilarious, usually family-friendly tales of his childhood and of his travails as a husband and father. In 1965, he became the first black actor to headline a dramatic television series, I Spy, and he won three consecutive Emmy awards for his work on that show.
After the Fat Albert animated series in the '70s, Cosby returned to liv- action television on The Cosby Show. The series revolutionized sitcoms with its portrayal of an upper-middle class black family; it revived the struggling NBC network and was a ratings juggernaut for much of its eight-season run.
Cosby served as a father figure for many Generation X kids until the assault allegations rocked his career. Since the accusations began in 2014, The Cosby Show disappeared from syndication and cable outlets (though it's still available for streaming on Hulu). Netflix cancelled a live stand-up special in 2015, and NBC rescinded an offer for a new comedy series starring Cosby the same year.
After the mistrial, questions remain. Will Constand see justice upon a retrial, or will Cosby find himself vindicated? Will he regain his once sterling reputation as a family man and entertainment legend? Stay tuned as we see what happens next.
https://pjmedia.com/lifestyle/2017/06/17/mr-cosbys-power-is-back-declares-spokesman-after-mistrial-announced-in-sex-assault-case/
Related: crime, Celebrities, 2017
Washington Lays All the Ugly Cards on the Table

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This book is based on one of the most thorough of 19th-century government inquiries, the six volumes of the Report of the Royal Commission on the Poor Law (Scotland) of 1844. The Commission had, the year before, put out an elaborate questionnaire to the 906 parishes of Scotland, usually to the minister, with 70 questions on it, most of which were answered for almost all the parishes. There was also the more usual information-gathering exercise by interview. The result of the inquiry is an enormous stock of detailed information covering diet, prices, wages, amenities, facilities for saving and social policy. The authors, supported by a grant from the Social Science Research Council, have analysed the replies with the aid of the SPSS computer programme and mapped the results. They have then set out to display and discuss the total picture. Proffessor Smout's is the most original and creative mind at work on Scottish social history, and the discussion has depth and perception as well as human warmth.
The report, broken down by modern methods, has made possible detailed examination of the material quality of life in a way not yet achieved for any comparable area in the British Isles, and the authors have seized on its possibilities. They have fulfilled the ambition of all social historians and held the life of an instant under total review. The detailed amassing of facts by the Commission was coupled to a half-hearted programme of reform in which the need of relief for the unemployed in an industrial economy was denied as incompatible with the traditional practices of the Scottish Poor Law, so that the historian has at the same time to praise the enterprise of the investigation and to damn the scheme to which it was applied. Perhaps the Commission, a small body of four politicians, two parish ministers and an English civil servant, selected because he had experience of the Scottish relief system at its cheese-paring worst, hoped to stun the public with the quantity of information and to deflect attention from other shortcomings. But perhaps its factual emphasis was inherited from the very real tradition of parochial survey and investigation which had already brought forth the Old and New Statistical Accounts of Scotland. The more famous report of the vast Royal Commission which had reformed the English Poor Law in 1834 to make life as disagreeable as possible for the unemployed, and which has drawn from later historians the descriptions 'wildly unhistorical' and 'wildly unstatistical', may by 1843 already have begun to draw criticism. Its nine volumes of evidence selected to suit a party line must have taken some digesting even in a period which took Blue Books as literature very seriously indeed. In any case, the New English Poor Law which it had created had roused hot feelings over central control and local expense. Perhaps it is of significance that the earlier report coincided with the founding of the London Statistical Society. Manchester, of course, had got in even earlier with its own Statistical Society, and Glasgow was to follow promptly. So the Statistical movement was under way and by 1843 had arrived at sufficient intellectual maturity for some of its members to realise that it was not good enough simply to collect the figures and facts which supported theories already held, but that the facts had to be allowed to bring home their own message. Not all practitioners of statistical science, particularly not those who worked on 'moral' statistics, were able to make this progression, and one can sympathise with those who failed. A real statistical inquiry not only was likely to give a jolt to preconceived ideas but was also a lengthy and expensive task.
The existing Scottish method of gathering information through the parish minister could work well, provided the questions were clear, the topics ones on which ministers had the opportunities to be properly informed, and the parish population moderate in size. Presbyterian discipline and the practice of annual catechising meant that the ministers were hard-working men familiar with the insides of their parishioners' houses. In most cases they were closely involved in the existing system of relief and knew where need lay. The authors have had to abandon nearly half the questions as ambiguous or repetitive, and to admit that for the larger towns precise information is not to be had, though in some cases the interviews and further correspondence of the report can be used to supplement the questionnaire. But still Edinburgh and Glasgow were too large for any group of ministers to be expected to give detailed information and the wide scale of Dissent in the West of Scotland has created further difficulties for the more industrialised areas. And there is, as with all 19th-century inquiries, the problem of how reliable middle-class information is on the domestic features of working-class life.
Obviously the local minister could be expected to know about the numbers of savings banks, friendly societies or pawnbrokers in his parish, but he may well have been less reliable on the amount of meat eaten, the use of vegetables or the habit of tea-drinking. Doubts on these matters are at least partially allayed by the remarkably coherent geographic patterns revealed by the answers. For instance, the way the North-East went in for milk-drinking and oatmeal and made little use of potatoes is clearly shown and is consistent. It looks as if town dwellers still followed a diet similar to that of the local countryside, but of course they could not keep their own pigs or might find access to fresh vegetables difficult. The late 19th-century urban diet of wheat bread and tea had not yet taken over. Skilled workers could live well and eat meat as a matter of course, while at the other end of real income Highland crofters had to export their protein foods to pay their rents. The answers remind us also that the system by which the Scottish farm labourer received most of his income in kind insulated him from the worst effects of price variation.
The authors are not just content to show the facts of material life but also go into the mechanisms by which these were likely to be changed: the opportunities to save or squander, the rising problem of unemployment, the pattern of emigration, the whole area of voluntary charity and the poor law. Nothing complimentary to the Scottish civilisation of the day can be said about the poor law's treatment of the unemployed. It had become accepted that 'the able-bodied' were not eligible for relief, and 'able-bodied' was interpreted as meaning anyone not permanently disabled. A man with a broken leg or suffering from a severe attack of fever would be classified as able-bodied in many parishes. The Scots had had a large share, through Adam Smith, Samuel Smiles and Thomas Chalmers, in the fashioning of a theory of economic individualism, and their working class was now paying for it. The special and appalling hardships of Paisley, which had forced on Peel's government the decision to tackle the Scottish poor law – Westminster government then as now preferred to neglect Scottish affairs – showed that in the extreme circumstances of prolonged depression the self-help concepts of thrift, industry and self-supporting labour were annulled by the inadequacy of welfare. Professor Smout sums up: 'what availed respectability if you ended up sleeping on a pile of straw and queuing for a chopin of soup like your most drunken neighbour?' Yet so strong was the complacency of the Scottish middle class, so firmly held the myths which it had created, that this basic gap in the structure of welfare remained uncorrected by the new law of 1845.
The book ends with a comparison of the material quality of life in different areas. Real wages, diet, poor law scales and the two important services of friendly societies and licensed premises (the only outlet for spare money in most districts) are taken as correlating with material advantage, the more of them the better for the local population, and the propensity to emigrate as an inverse evaluation of the life of a district. Not surprisingly, the South-East comes out best and the North-West Highlands worst, and the North altogether shows up as a harder place to live in than the South. The Dunbar area in East Lothian stands nearly at the top of the rich South-East, except that it has slightly fewer ale-houses than it might have had, though it had enough in all conscience for serious drinking to Scottish standards. It also had almost the lowest tendency to emigrate. Set it against Nairnshire, from where hardly anyone emigrated but where in all material terms life for the unskilled was hard and the returns for long labour low. Happy East Lothian might be the conclusion. Yet from this area we have the sour autobiography of Alexander Somerville, which shows how tough his youth had been as the child of an agricultural labourer some twenty years earlier. Insofar as Dunbar had a more prosperous work force than had Southern England at this time, this was because in Scotland the device of the annual hiring fair prevented the continuation of surplus labour in the countryside. Men who could not be hired had to leave. The slack was taken up, and that in itself was a fairly brutal process. East Lothian was a high wage area, but at a price in social terms.
The authors also discuss the effect of economic growth on regional inequality, a subject of national and international concern today. Wages had been diverging for seventy years or so: the gap by the 1840s may have been, as they suggest, at its widest, but further economic growth has not closed it.
This book raises two general questions for social historians. One is whether other Blue Books are capable of a similar treatment. There is a great amount of 19th-century Parliamentary paper concerned with two major areas of concern: urban housing and the condition of agriculture and agricultural labour. Some of these reports may be systematic enough to yield to analysis, at least for a region, and give us further detailed pictures of working-class life at various dates. It would be particularly valuable if some such study could be made which would set out both rural and urban life in the late 19th century, when a more complicated infrastructure of welfare had been built up, to compare with the 1840s.
The other question is whether this book will make the impact which is its due on English historiography. Far too often, significant work on Scottish history is ignored by those who work on similar topics for England. This insularity may be justified in early periods where Scottish archives cannot yield the same riches as English, but for the 19th century not only has Scotland better recording in certain aspects of life but also the small size of the country enables topics to be grasped in their full complexity. The differences between the laws and institutions of the two countries itself turns the Scottish experience into a useful alternative sample and gives a means of evaluation which historians should be ready to grasp.
I suspect that this book will not receive the attention that is due to it as a pioneer study with a new technique – a demonstration of the way to combine mechanisation of material with humane understanding. I would like to be proved wrong.


Whatever business you are in, you need to have a presence online. This can be a one page site, so customers and suppliers can get a feel for who you are and what you to, to a full scale E-commerce site, to sell your products and services direct.
It's a crowded & competitive online, and ultimately what you need it to attract potential & existing customers. Having a quality website is essential if you want to stand out, and through years of experience I can bring you a solution that doesn't cost the earth.
Smartphones & tablets is how we all browse on the web. It's crucial that your website if fully responsive & mobile friendly.
Google favours responsive websites & will boost your site in organic search results, if your not responsive, you won't appear. I build only fully responsive sites.
Simply, SEO or Search Engine Optimisation means helping your website rank higher in search results, with a greater chance of being seen.
The site that I build for you no matter how big or small will be SEO friendly, and I can teach you or help you find the right SEO solution for your needs.
Many business owners tell me time and time again how they are charged a fortune by rogue web developers just to make a simple change.
The sites I build you can log in, and I will show you how to easily & quickly make these changes, so you are 100% in control & save money.
Blogging sounds scary, but it really isn't. Its a way to engage with your existing & potential customers about what you are up-to, or how you can benefit them.
I can add in a simple and easy to use blogging platform to your site, and show you how to use this to your business benefit.
Do you have events for your business, or want to promote an event that you are involved in? Having this visible on your website, cuts out the middle man.
I can add a simple events manager to your site, so it's a quick & easy process for you to manage, and share across your media.
If you sell products and services, then having them available to buy direct from you is the perfect solution. Buyers would rather deal with you directly rather than a third party site.
However big or small your product range is, I can build you an online shop that is great & easy to manage.
If someone visits your site, regardless of what business you run, they will look to see where else they can connect with you.
No matter how many or little Social Networks you have, I can link these all to your site, make then visible, and easy for customers to connect with you.
Bringing your brand to life, and keeping people engaged when they visit your site, it so important. The use of images and sliders enhances the experience.
This is your shop window to your business, and we bring it alive with the slider options.
We all love to watch little clips of video's, it helps us connect better with the brand or the person. This can be complicated if you are trying to set it up yourself.
Let me do the hard work, and make it easy for you to upload your video's anytime.


2019 Cancer Lovescope reveals a love and romance horoscope that focuses on your work, health, habits, and wellness, not impacting your love life. However, this influence brings a good period for making lifestyle changes, and prepares you for the upcoming favourable period that blesses your relationships. It may also bring love in practical ways, or flourish work-related connections.
The Cancer lovescope 2019 predictions are not just about love, romance, attraction and sexuality, but also enlighten us of things that you enjoy and events that bring happiness to your heart. However, to truly relish the offers, please refer Cancer 2019 Horoscope for the overall scheme of planets impacting you, and Ephemeris and Astrological Calendar, 2019 for exact dates and times.
Our yearly lovescopes are divided into 3 distinct Cancer decans. To know more about the Decans of Cancer, click here. If you find this confusing, please read only the 1st Decan for all Cancer 2019 lovescope predictions.
Jupiter this year continues to focus on your work, health, habits, and wellness, not impacting your love life - until 2nd December 2019. From then onwards, Jupiter delivers a powerful, beneficial, supportive period for one-to-one relationships - for the rest of the year.
Uranus this year continues to rebel you against strictures, to take unexpected turns and directions in professional path - until 6th March 2019. From then onwards, Uranus makes you rebel against strictures, to become passionate about a cause or belief or social life - for the rest of the year.
Solar Eclipse on 6th January marks a new beginning or revised approach towards dealing with others, or someone significant to lean on or to rely upon; and Solar Eclipse on 2nd July marks a new beginning or revised approach towards your personal life, the manner in which you come across to others, and the way you assert yourself; and Lunar Eclipse on 16th July brings into light surprises or disclosures surrounding your partnerships and relationships. Finally, Solar Eclipse on 26th December marks a new beginning or revised approach towards dealing with others, or someone significant to lean on or to rely upon.
3rd February - 28th February and 26th November - 20th December are perhaps the most romantic time of the year, when you love and you are loved. You steal the show and also the hearts of your loved ones. For the eligible singles, marriage or engagement is certainly on the cards.
Jupiter this year focuses on your work, health, habits, and wellness, not impacting your love life. However, this influence brings a good period for making lifestyle changes, and prepares you for the upcoming favourable period that blesses your relationships. It may also bring love in practical ways, or flourish work-related connections - throughout the year.
Solar Eclipse on 6th January marks a new beginning or revised approach towards dealing with others, or someone significant to lean on or to rely upon; and Lunar Eclipse on 21st January brings into light surprises or disclosures surrounding your personal plans and your personal presence; and Solar Eclipse on 2nd July marks a new beginning or revised approach towards your personal life, the manner in which you come across to others, and the way you assert yourself; and Lunar Eclipse on 16th July brings into light surprises or disclosures surrounding your partnerships and relationships.
Also, the North Node continues to bring joy and opportunities through your independence, and a real need to learn how to rely on yourself - until 28th November 2019, after which the North Node brings joy and opportunities through developing faith, and a real need to connect to your inner world - for the rest of the year.
12th February - 10th March and 4th December - 28th December are perhaps the most romantic time of the year, when you love and you are loved. You steal the show and also the hearts of your loved ones. For the eligible singles, marriage or engagement is certainly on the cards.
Jupiter this year continues to provide easygoing, happy, and sincere vibes in your romantic life - until 14th February 2019. From then onwards, Jupiter focuses on your work, health, habits, and wellness, not impacting your love life - until 6th June 2019. Jupiter provides easygoing, happy, and sincere vibes in your romantic life - from 6th June 2019 to 13th October 2019. From then onwards, Jupiter focuses on your work, health, habits, and wellness, not impacting your love life - for the rest of the year.
Saturn this year continues to streamline your work, daily routines, habits, health, fitness, professional relations, employment, and pets - until 4th April 2019. From then onwards, Saturn inspects your close personal relationships, marriage or partnership, commitments, agreements, and rivalry - until 25th May 2019. Saturn finalizes your work, daily routines, habits, health, fitness, professional relations, employment, and pets from 25th May 2019 to 19th December 2019. From then onwards, Saturn reviews your close personal relationships, marriage or partnership, commitments, agreements, and rivalry - for the rest of the year.
Lunar Eclipse on 21st January brings into light surprises or disclosures surrounding your personal plans and your personal presence; and Lunar Eclipse on 16th July brings into light surprises or disclosures surrounding your partnerships and relationships.
Also, the North Node continues to bring joy and opportunities through your independence, and a real need to learn how to rely on yourself - until 24th May 2019, after which the North Node brings joy and opportunities through developing faith, and a real need to connect to your inner world - for the rest of the year.
21st February - 18th March and 12th December - 31st December are perhaps the most romantic time of the year, when you love and you are loved. You steal the show and also the hearts of your loved ones. For the eligible singles, marriage or engagement is certainly on the cards.


The 4 Day Orange River Family Adventure will take you from our base camp through the Nababeep Community and Richtersveld Community Reserve. Over the next four days, you can expect to have spectacular mountain views, fast-flowing channels, and excellent bird life. The River is graded at level 1 – 3 in difficulty and is suitable for beginners.
This 4-day orange river adventure is suitable for the whole family. Experience the Richtersveld on an inflatable raft and use the Orange River as the mode of transport. Explore the only mountain desert in South Africa and let our experienced guides lead you through one of the most striking landscapes South Africa has to offer. The perfect outdoor getaway with fun-filled rapids, hiking and discovering the stark beauty of the Richtersveld desert. Sleep under the stars or in a tent.
The Orange River is a pool drop river, 'which means after every rapid, there is always a pool'. The Richtersveld is home to goat herders trekking through the endless desert mountains. We don't have designated campsites and camp for the day depends on the progress made that day, where we will choose our overnight spot on the banks of the river.
This 4 Day Orange River Adventure is an excellent combination of rafting, relaxing, hiking and exploring. It is not a race, but rather an outdoor expedition suitable for all with no experience. Our guides will be preparing meals on open fires and guide you safely down the Orange River.
At the Vioolsdrift border post stamp out of South Africa.
Proceed to Namibian Customs with your Exit Stamp of SA.
Enter Namibia and receive your Entry Stamp in Namibia.
Do not pay any road taxes for Namibia as your vehicles should not enter the country, but only the border post.
Return to South Africa and confirm with the gates that you are on a river rafting trip.
Please do not restamp your passport when returning at this border post.
Day 1 Growcery Base Camp D.
Day 5 Orange River – Growcery B.
Time Frame: 3 nights and a half day on the river.
Distance: 45-65 km(depending on the water level).
Ends: The Growcery Camp (Transfer back to Base Camp from Takeout Point).
Camera, Small dry bag for camera & snacks.
Water bottle, six bin liners.
Tent, umbrella, camping chairs, cycling gloves for paddling.
Personal medical kit, insect repellent (Stingose), toiletries.
NB. No client will be allowed on this trail without a Valid Passport or Unabridged Birth certificates for minors.
We meet all our river paddlers at The Growcery Camp, no later than 5 pm on day 1. Please notify the camp of any late arrivals. This evening will be an introduction to your river crew and a final briefing on the adventure that awaits us. Our Dinner will be around open fires and a freshly cooked meal can be expected. Our evening is relaxed and a great time can be spent under the many stars of the Richtersveld.
Our River adventure starts with a scrumptious breakfast this morning. Our guides will brief all our paddlers on how to pack their two man inflatable rafts for the next 4 days of river rafting. We leave all our vehicles and mobile devices safely at base camp and start our adventure anything from 9:30 – 10: 30 this morning. The next few days will be along the banks of the Orange River. We explore the magnificent Richtersveld desert and embark on the adventure of a lifetime.


text:
South Dakota Shelves "Justifiable Homicide" Measure
As we noted in an update Wednesday afternoon, South Dakota legislators have officially shelved the measure that would have allowed protection of a fetus to qualify as "justifiable homicide." After Mother Jones revealed that the bill created the potential for anti-abortion activists to use this as a defense for killing abortion doctors, the bill's sponsor, Rep. Phil Jensen, faced a good deal of backlash in the state and across the country.
From the Times:
The House speaker, Val Rausch, said that the legislation had been shelved, pending a decision on whether to allow a vote, amend the language or drop it entirely. A spokesman for Gov. Dennis Daugaard said, "Clearly the bill as it's currently written is a very bad idea."
When we first reported on the bill, Jensen maintained that its intent was only to clarify the code and balked at the interpretation that it could create a legal defense for killing abortion providers. Now there at least seems to be a recognition that the measure, passed as it was written, would have had serious consequences. And the Times even managed to find at least one anti-abortion activist who was willing to admit that the bill as it was written would have been used against abortion providers:
Dave Leach, an Iowa anti-abortion activist, praised the bill, saying it could end abortions in South Dakota by scaring away doctors or by establishing grounds for someone to kill those who stay.
"There may be something I'm overlooking, but from all appearances, this bill would certainly justify an individual taking the life of an abortionist in order to save human lives," he said.
It will be interesting to see if the bill comes back in an amended form, or whether it's gone for good at this point. Meanwhile, though, the bill that would force women to visit Crisis Pregnancy Centers—which are generally run by anti-abortion rights groups—before they can obtain an abortion is still on the table in South Dakota and likely to pass.
Will Any Landlord Rent to This Abortion Provider?
SD Rep. on Justifiable Homicide Bill: "This Has Got Nothing to Do With Abortion"
Open Season on Abortion Docs
South Dakota Moves To Legalize Killing Abortion Providers


text:
Q: Data Import SQL Server 2008 SSIS I have to import 9 csv files using SSIS. These files are having primary keys, foreign keys. While importing the files in package, how can I maintain these constraints on my target SQL tables?
Any ideas?
Should I split the work in 2 stages
Stage 1 - directly import raw data into temp tables
Stage 2 - copy from temp tables to target SQL tables and then create the PK, FK on target tables.

A: I'm a proponent of staging the data in staging tables prior to putting it in the target table/format. If you were absolutely sure that the constraints from the source system will never have data integrity problems then you could go directly into your target table and structure with the constraints applied. It does offer a bit more flexibility to stage the data, but also takes a little more work. If you encountered integrity issues in the data, then  a staging environment would allow you to clean the data and would allow the non-offending data rows to be populated. Without a staging table, you would be forced into scrubbing the flat files, which can be painful...especially with a large data file that is difficult to open in conventional text editors.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Friends, it's been a beautiful journey Lighting the World (with Lizzy) this Christmas season. I've been amazed by the massive number of people who have chosen to serve others, the multitudes of #LightTheWorld on social media. If we can do so much good in one month, what could we do the entire year?
I believe that we each one of us has a unique way to offer light to the world. We can make our little corner of it just a little bit better one small step at a time. What can you do?
Use your talents to serve others. For me, that's this blog.
Take each day of Light the World and spread it out over the entire year (about two weeks per day).
Donate regularly to a charity in which you believe (such as LDS Philanthropies, Water.org, Goodwill, and these refugee and immigrant charities).
Learn about Jesus (and then emulate Him).
Whatever you choose to do, do it with your entire soul. You don't need to change the whole world; just change one part: yourself, your heart. Change yourself, shine your light, and that fire will illuminate all those around you. That fire will set your corner of the world ablaze. Start small and good things will follow.
Light the World. Choose Joy.


Come and enjoy a wonderful display of vehicles and engines hosted over two days Timour Hall Villa. Expect two days of all things car and bike!
Catch Freshlyground, one of the most acclaimed and successful bands to emerge from South Africa, performing live at Kirstenbosch this weekend. The multi-award winning band blends their infectious kwela style and musical traditions from Zimbabwe and Mozambique with elements of pop, jazz, blues, and indie rock.
The Galileo Open Air Cinema welcomes you to a magical movie experience of cinematic delights, tantalizing treats and breath-taking scenery under a canopy of stars. Watch a movie at one of several fantastic outdoor venues. Catch The Blind Side this weekend at Battery Park V&A Waterfront.
Catch Andrew Young at the V&A Waterfront this weekend, as he showcases his astounding saxophone tunes. The Liverpool-born star will captivate audiences with his unique humor and electrifying stage presence firing up the stage with hits such as Tequila, the iconic theme from Pink Panther.
The Cape Town Philharmonic Orchestra Is back once again at the well-known Maynardville Open Air festival with their selection of well-loved Famous Incidental works. The audience can expect to be transported into a world of Grieg, Beethoven, and Bizet while enjoying light and lovely classical works which were inspired by plays.
The post The top 5 things to do this weekend in Cape Town appeared first on Cape Town Tourism.
Last-Minute Round-Trip Flights To Beijing Starting At $390—Fly From The East & West Coast!!


text:
Q: Remove pointer-events from background-image Consider a translucid background-image blocking the pointer-events of css links underneath it. I would like to make the links work even beneath this image.
Is it possible?

A: If one element overlaps another you can't click it, simple.
You can put the links on top of the overlay, but you will lose the effect on those links. It's not classy, but I guess it would work.
a {
    position: relative; /* set them relative, keeping their position */
    z-index: 1000;      /* set z-index to move it in front */
}

A: Don't think so!
generally one of the oldest image theft methods was putting image behind a transparent image.
but if it is very important to you you can make hot spots on that image with some usual methods such as html image map or using some of the svg capabilities.
   and if there is effects like shadow or something like this you can use css3 to make them with code


Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC Deals, Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC Coupons - Get Coupons and Deals - Be A Savings Superstar!
Amiclubwear.com–Daily updated Clearance!More than 500 styles for you! by Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC – Daily updated Clearance!More than 500 styles for you!.
This entry was posted in Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC on January 11, 2019 by admin.
Free Shipping by Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC – Free shipping over $50.00.
This entry was posted in Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC on November 20, 2018 by admin.
30% off whole site. by Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC – Use coupon code AMISTONE30 to get 30% off all items..
This entry was posted in Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC on May 28, 2018 by admin.
10% off all products @Amiclubwear.com by Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC – You can not missing! Use coupon code CAROLAMI5 to get 10% off whole site @Amiclubwear.com!.
This entry was posted in Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC on November 5, 2016 by admin.
FREE SHIPPING FOR PURCHASE OVER $50 from Amiclubwear.com by Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC – FREE domestic ground SHIPPING FOR PURCHASE over $50.00 use coupon code: AMISHIPPED.
This entry was posted in Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC on May 23, 2016 by admin.
New Promotional code 40% off by Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC – 40% off.
This entry was posted in Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC on January 18, 2016 by admin.
$0.99 Items Sale @ Amiclubwear Clearance Zone by Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC – $0.99 Items Sale @ Amiclubwear Clearance Zone.
This entry was posted in Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC on December 21, 2014 by admin.
Deal of the day!You can get 50% off discount to buy our selected items @ AMICLUBWEAR.COM by Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC – Deal of the day!You can get 50% off discount to buy our selected items @ AMICLUBWEAR.COM.
10% off all products @Amiclubwear.com! by Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC – Big Sale! Use coupon code KIMVAMI5 to get 10% off Entire Website @Amiclubwear.com!.
35% off for Hair Products @Amiclubwear.com by Ace Media Int'l Group, LLC – Hair Products 35% off @Amiclubwear.com, please use coupon code HAIR35..


related answers explore the latest questions and answers related to "what does hollow to floor mean in dress sizes?"what does hollow to the floor mean in dress tailoring?answers.yahoo/question/index?qid=20111206060811aan8q0wcached[dec 6, 2011] best answer: i have two definitions in my books: first is for women and it means from the hollow at the base of the neck in the front to the floor.
what does "hollow to the floor" mean? azazie. 13 jan 2015 hollow to the floor is a measurement that starts at your collarbone and ends at the floor.
what does "hollow to hem" mean? update cancel. ad by grammarly. want to banish typos and clarify confusing sentences? what is meant by "hollow to the floor"?
what does "hollow to floor" mean in measurements | chacha - similar to what does "hollow to floor" mean in measurements | chacha feb 6, 2012 what does "hollow to floor" mean in measurements this measurement can be used by a company to determine how long to make a dress.
it means how long do u want the dress to be. hollow to floor measurement is simply from the hollow of your neck to the floor by your feet. this measurement..... [ contact us] measuring instructions - happy endings | wedding dress. hollow to floor this is the length from your hollow (the hollow just under your neck ) to your heels.
for men it means from the hollow of the back to the floor. so if you are measuring for a woman's dress i assume that it's from the base of the neck to the floor. the measurement isn't the neckline of the dress, but your body measurement.


text:
Beautiful Games? Putting the World Back in the World Cup
06/07 Thursday | 2pm
Start your summer off right: Join an all-star team of leading soccer scholars, scribes and talking heads as they discuss the global phenomenon that is the World Cup. On June 14 in Moscow, the 2018 FIFA Men's World Cup will kick off with a match between Russia and Saudi Arabia. Over the month-long tournament to follow, a global TV audience of more than 3 billion people will tune in to its games—better than 1 billion will watch the final alone. World Cup soccer remains humanity's most popular sporting spectacle: a pastime that unites us which also serves, by hailing peaceful rivalry, to toast our difference. That, anyway, is how we've long viewed the World Cup. But in the wake of FIFA's corruption scandals, the Cup's 2018 edition will unfold in a nation that perhaps won its right to host by dubious means—and that sits, now, at the center of not a few other storms roiling world politics. What exactly, when we tune in to the World Cup this summer, are we watching? What is it, as we cheer our teams' goals and mourn their heartbreak, that we're doing?
2:00 PM, 5th Floor | The World without US
George Quraishi (The Athletic)
Amy Bass (One Goal)
Franklin Foer (How Soccer Explains the World)
Moderator: Eric Klinenberg (NYU, Director of the Institute for Public Knowledge)
3:30 PM, 5th Floor | Cosmopolitans and Tribes (identity and the global game)
Brent Hayes-Edwards (Columbia University)
Mona Eltahawy (Headscarves and Hymens)
Eric Beverley (Stony Brook University)
Moderator: Joshua Jelly-Schapiro (NYU, Institute for Public Knowledge)
5:00 PM, 5th Floor | Continent Afire (Europe, Russia, 2018)
Daniel Levy (Stony Brook University)
Jonathan Wilson (Kick and Run)
Laurent Dubois (The Language of the Game)
Moderator: Rowan Ricardo Phillips (NYU, Institute for Public Knowledge)
6:30 PM, 7th Floor: Cocktail Hour with blazers, 7th floor of 20 Cooper Square
Rog Bennett (Men in Blazers)
John Green (Novelist, club sponsor)
George Quraishi is founder and editor of Howler, America's leading quarterly magazine focused on soccer.
Amy Bass is the author of One Goal: A Coach, a Team, and the Game that Brought a Divided Town Together, her fourth book, and a Professor of History at the College of New Rochelle. In addition to her academic work, she has written about sport and politics for Slate, Salon, the Allrounder, and CNN Opinion. She hosts a weekly radio show, Conversations with Amy Bass, on WVOX, and served as senior research supervisor for NBC Olympic Sports across eight Olympic Games, winning an Emmy Award for her work at the London Olympics in 2012.
Franklin Foer has served as editor of The New Republic and is currently a staff writer at The Atlantic. His book How Soccer Explains the World was published in 2004. In 2017 Foer published World Without Mind: The Existential Threat of Big Tech, which was named a New York Times notable book of 2017.
Eric Klinenberg is Professor of Sociology at New York University and Director of the Institute for Public Knowledge. He is the author of Going Solo: The Extraordinary Rise and Surprising Appeal of Living Alone, Fighting for Air: The Battle to Control America's Media, and Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago. His new book, Palaces for the People, will be published in the fall.
Brent Hayes-Edwards is Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University, and the author of Epistrophies: Jazz and the Literary Imagination and The Practice of Diaspora: Literature, Translation, and the Rise of Black Internationalism.
Mona Eltahawy is an award-winning columnist and international public speaker on Arab and Muslim issues and global feminism. She is based in Cairo and New York City. She is the author of Headscarves and Hymens: Why the Middle East Needs a Sexual Revolution, released April 2015 and is a contributor to the New York Times opinion pages.
Eric Beverley is an Associate Professor of History at Stony Brook University, focusing on urban studies and transnational history, and the author of Hyderabad, British India, and the World: Muslim Networks and Minor Sovereignty, c. 1850–1950.
Joshua Jelly-Schapiro is a geographer and writer. He is the author of Island People: The Caribbean and the World and the co-editor, with Rebecca Solnit, of Nonstop Metropolis: A New York City Atlas. He is a regular contributor to The New York Review of Books, and his work has also appeared in The New Yorker, New York magazine, Harper's, The Believer, The Nation, Artforum, and Transition. He is a visiting scholar at the Institute for Public Knowledge at NYU, where he also teaches journalism.
Daniel Levy is a Professor of Sociology at Stony Brook University with interests in issues of globalization, collective memory studies, and comparative-historical sociology. He is the co-author with Natan Sznaider of Human Rights and Memory and the co-editor, with Jeffrey Olick and Vered Vinitsky-Seroussi, of The Collective Memory Reader.
Jonathan Wilson is Professor of English at Tufts University. He is the author of eight books, including A Palestine Affair, a New York Times Notable Book of the Year, and Kick and Run: Memoir with Soccer Ball. His work has appeared in The New Yorker, Esquire, The New York Times Magazine and Best American Short Stories, among other publications.
Laurent Dubois is the Marcello Lotti Professor of Romance Studies and History at Duke University and the author, most recently, of The Language of the Game: How to Watch Soccer. A specialist on the history and culture of France and the Caribbean, his other books include Haiti: the Aftershocks of History, The Banjo, and Soccer Empire: The World Cup and the Future of France. Since 2009, he has taught a popular course on "Soccer Politics" at Duke.
Rowan Ricardo Phillips is an award-winning poet and professor of English at Stony Brook University. He is the author of The Ground and Heaven, as well as the collection of literary essays When Blackness Rhymes with Blackness. Also a sportswriter, he has written extensively on basketball and soccer and is currently writing on tennis for the Paris Review. Currently, a visiting scholar at the Institute for Public Knowledge at NYU, his new book, The Circuit, will be published next fall.
John Green is the award-winning #1 bestselling author of six books including Turtles All the Way Down, Looking for Alaska, and The Fault in Our Stars. His many accolades include the Printz Medal, a Printz Honor, and the Edgar Award. With his brother, Hank, John is one half of the vlogbrothers and co-created the online educational series CrashCourse. He plays FIFA as the Wimbly Womblys, is a member of The Dons Trust, which owns AFC Wimbledon, and also sponsors the club. You can join the millions who follow John on Twitter @johngreen or visit him online at johngreenbooks.com.
Roger Bennett was born in Liverpool and moved to the United States after university, under the thrall of Ferris Bueller, Hart to Hart, and Diff'rent Strokes. A writer, broadcaster, and filmmaker, Bennett began at ESPN and moved with Men in Blazers to NBC Sports to become the go-to interviewer for the biggest names in soccer, making films with the likes of Jose Mourinho and Pep Guardiola. He is the co-author of Men In Blazers Present Encyclopedia Blazertannica: A Suboptimal Guide to Soccer, America's "Sport of the Future" since 1972, with Michael Davies.
Co-sponsored by NYU's Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute
IPK - 5th Fl
20 Cooper Square


text:
Home Media Mentions House bill calls for US firms to share in Israel's Iron Dome
House bill calls for US firms to share in Israel's Iron Dome
Julian Pecquet • May 22, 2014
SOURCEAl-Monitor
A little-noticed provision in the Defense Authorization bill that cleared the House on May 22 ties funding for Israel missile defense to increased participation by American firms.
The $600 billion National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) almost doubles next year's funding for Israel's Iron Dome missile defense program, adding $175 million to the $176 million requested in President Barack Obama's fiscal year 2015 budget proposal.
The Armed Services Committee report accompanying the bill, however, conditions the extra funding to assurances that American defense firms get a slice of the action and that the US government gets technical know-how from the program, which has cost American taxpayers $720 million since 2011.
"Given the significant US taxpayer investment in this system, the committee believes that coproduction of parts and components should be done in a manner that will maximize US industry participation in interceptor and battery deliveries for Israel's defense needs," the report states. The report goes on to state that the Armed Services Committee "expects" the Pentagon's Missile Defense Agency to withhold the extra funding "until receipt and acceptance by the MDA of sufficiently detailed cost and schedule justification from the Government of Israel."
The report language is but the latest move in a long-standing effort by Congress and US arms makers to ensure the United States gets access to the Iron Dome market and its Israel-made technology. Last year's defense bill included initial funding to establish a US production facility and US arms maker Raytheon is set to start partnering with Iron Dome's Israeli maker, Rafael, this year for co-production of the battery's Tamir missiles.
The defense bill report requires that technical data for the program be shared with the Missile Defense Agency. And it puts the Obama administration on notice that if a further request for Iron Dome is made next year, the agency "must establish for the committee how those funds will resolve details and agreements needed for US-based coproduction of all-up-rounds (completely assembled missiles) and cover the export of Iron Dome technology to US and Israeli allies, including coproduction of parts, components, and all-up-rounds of those exports."
The House passed the defense bill on a 325-98 vote on the afternoon of May 22. Obama has threatened to veto the bill, in part because it doesn't call for closing the terrorist detention facility at Guantanamo Bay.
The nonbinding report language was added at the behest of the Armed Services Committee's leadership, a House aide told Al-Monitor. The office of chairman Buck McKeon, R-Calif., did not respond to a request for comment.
"There's always been some tension between Raytheon and Rafael," the aide said. The report aims to ensure that US funding for Iron Dome is "an investment, not a gift."
The committee report requires the Missile Defense Agency obtain a "detailed cost and schedule justification" from Israel before releasing the extra funding.
Such a report would have to include: "A timeline for Iron Dome expenditure of funds above the President's request for the fiscal year for which the funds were appropriated or made available; copies of signed and ratified contracts, subcontracts, and teaming arrangements between Israeli and US industry for all Iron Dome coproduction efforts; delivery to MDA of all technical data packages as accepted by US industry suppliers for coproduction; and a common cost model of Iron Dome components, to be jointly developed and agreed upon by MDA and IMDO that includes: recurring and non-recurring engineering costs; estimates for future buys and actual costs beginning with fiscal year 2013; the required quantities for all components through fiscal year 2019; and component lead-times and delivery schedules."
The aide added that part of the motivation was to make sure the cost of the program was justified. Israel has asked for more funding for the program, the aide said, in part citing the increased cost of producing parts for the system in the United States rather than Israel.
"Some of this language is ensuring that the Israelis are doing the accounting right," the aide said.
Defenders of close military ties with Israel have long called for a bigger role for US firms in the Iron Dome program, which proved its worth during the 2012 conflict with Hamas militants in Gaza.
Congress and the administration should "transform Iron Dome into a jointly owned and managed US-Israeli defense system," Gabriel Scheinmann, a visiting fellow with the pro-Israel Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs in Washington, wrote two years ago.
The administration shares that vision. "Any further US contributions on Iron Dome will be governed by a formal international agreement," Vice Adm. James Syring, the director of the Missile Defense Agency, testified before the Senate Appropriations Committee Defense subcommittee last year. "MDA is actively seeking Iron Dome coproduction opportunities for US defense industry. We are negotiating to obtain available technical data packages and data rights should there be a future US defense requirement for this weapon system."
The Missile Defense Agency declined to comment on the bill until it's signed into law. A spokesman however said a March 5 agreement between the Department of Defense and the Israeli Ministry of Defense regarding continued support for the program ensures US firms will have a role to play.
"It is a meaningful agreement, and very significant with regard to participation by US industry," MDA spokesman Richard Lehner told Al-Monitor.
The Armed Services Committee report said it was "pleased that this agreement resolves many details of US coproduction of Iron Dome components and interceptors in the United States." But it pointed out that the agreement doesn't cover the full amount the defense bill recommends for the Iron Dome program.
Pro-Israel sources argue the push for increased involvement by US firms can only benefit the Iron Dome partnership.
"From the Israeli side, it gives the United States a stake in continued production," a senior official at a pro-Israel group told Al-Monitor. "From the US side, it's a response to defense lobbies that want a piece of the action."


 police | Sheffield Live!
Three males are in police custody following a car crash on Friday night which left four people dead including two men, a woman and a one-year-old baby. The crash happened at around 8.50pm, when a VW Golf which had been tailed by police hit a people carrier preparing to turn right onto Bannham Road. Baillor Jalloh reports for Sheffield Live!
Brightside and Hillsborough MP, Gill Furniss, has called for increased police resources to tackle knife crime, in an interview with Sheffield Live! Baillor Jalloh reports.
As justice campaigners mark 34 years since the Battle of Orgreave, former miner Kevin Horne shared his recollections of the day with Sheffield Live! Baillor Jalloh reports.
A news agent in Sheffield who was attacked with a gun in his shop has thanked the police and the public for their support. Sajjad Ahmed Chaudhry, who owns the National News shop in Sharrow was left with bruises and a black eye when masked raiders burst into his shop. Mr Chaudhry wrestled the gun from his attackers and was badly bruised during the ordeal. It is he fifth time he's been attacked since 1997. Baillor Jalloh reports for Sheffield Live!
Meadowhall has selected Yorkshire Air Ambulance as their chosen charity for 2018/19 and aims to raise £150k in the next two years. The life saving charity maintains and operates two helicopters with full medical crews covering the Yorkshire region. The YAA said it costs around £12,000 a day to run a single helcopter. The charity replaces the Bluebell Wood Childen's Centre, which received £128,000 from the centre in the last two years.
South Yorkshire Police are set to increase their visibility during the festive period following Tuesday's raids and arrests by counter-terrorism officers at addresses in Sheffield and Chesterfield. James Otter reports for Sheffield Live!


ASUS ADP-90YD_B Laptop adapter, Asus EXA0904YH R32379 N53S N55S .
Laptop adapter ASUS ADP-90YD_B : Asus EXA0904YH R32379 N53S N55S, Buy ASUS ADP-90YD_B Laptop adapter 100% new, high quality, price concessions !
2 . Plase make sure the DC OUTPUT of ASUS ADP-90YD_B Laptop adapter Connector size are accordant before order.
3 . Do not try to modify or disassemble the ASUS ADP-90YD_B.
4 . Do not place ADP-90YD_B Laptop adapter in device for a long period of time if device is not being used.
5 . Do not short circuit the ADP-90YD_B ASUS Laptop adapter terminals while you charging for your laptop.


text:
Home Animals Save Before It's Late: Top 15 Endangered Animals
Save Before It's Late: Top 15 Endangered Animals8 min read
8 min read %0A%0A https://www.stunstupefy.com/endangered-animals/">
Endangered Animals – Nature has bestowed many gifts to humanity and its surroundings. And one of the many is its wonderful animal kingdom. Sadly, from whales to polar bears, these wonderful species are verge to disappear from the earth due to human intervention. According to IUCN Red list, around 41,425 species are on the verge of danger to the existence and out of them 16,306 are endangered.
Related: 10 Dumbest animals in the world.
Here, we have dug out endangered animals facts; the reason why are animals endangered and what are the endangered animals from the huge red list of extinction. Let's find out the ones really need to be saved.
1. Endangered Animals: Giant Panda
The first among the list of endangered animals is the Giant panda. These real teddy bear look alike are the natives of China. According to the study in 2014, only 1,864 pandas are there on the earth and need to be saved. The main threats to this species are the loss of habitat, fragmentation and predators. Many conservation projects had been started by the Chinese government to save their habitat and species.
Related: Facts About Giant Pandas.
2. Endangered Animals: Black Rhinoceros
Black rhinoceros is another animal on the list of endangered animals. One of its subspecies, western black rhinoceros has already been declared extinct by the IUCN red list (The International Union for Conservation of Nature). Black rhinoceros are natives to eastern and southern Africa including areas of Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, and South Africa.
These species are also known as hook-lipped rhinoceros due to their hooked lips. This hooked shape of mouth distinguishes them from the other species of rhinoceros. This innocent creature id hunted basically for their horns, creating havoc for their life and existence. Plus it is also listed to most dangerous animals in the world.
3. Endangered Animals: Baiji
One of the highly intelligent marine animals known for their friendliness, Dolphin, is also on the list of endangered species. Baiji is a freshwater dolphin found only in the Yangtze River of china. These aquatic animals reduced to few due to heavy use of rivers after Chinese industrialization.
The continuous dispersal of dam's pollutants increased the number of algae and soil erosion the condition of the only residing river of Baiji. In 2007, it was declared functionally extinct but recently some sights of Baiji Dolphin are witnessed, giving hopes to ecology.
Also Read: Weirdest Animals Found on Earth
4. Endangered Animals: Amur Leopard
Amur leopards are another species of animals endangered due to human intervention in ecology. This rare species of leopard is native to the Primorye region of Russia. Famous with the name of Far eastern leopards, these species are once found in the northeast region of China.
These are hunted mainly for their skin which has resulted in 70 animals in wild today. Russian and Western organizations have led The Amur Leopard and Tiger Alliance (ALTA) initiative to conserve the species.
5. Endangered Animals: Orangutan
The only great ape living on the earth in Asia is Orangutan. The natives of Borneo and Sumatra are estimated to be 30,000 left in wild with the continuous decreasing number. These large sized orangutans are large in size having strong hands, long arms up to 8 ft. and hand-like feet. Orangutans are omnivores but are mostly dependent on trees.
The most interesting thing is their adaptation due to which they rarely touch the ground. They even quench their thirst from the water collected in the tree holes. The main reason for their endangerment is habitat loss due to oil palm plantation and agriculture.
6. Endangered Animals: Asian Elephant
The key species of ecology, Asian Elephants are found in the areas of Natives of the Asian continent, Asian elephants were enlisted to the endangered animals in 1989. According to the survey, today there are only 35000-40000 elephants left in the forests. Habitat loss and human greeds are the main threat to their existence and a very common fact about endangered animals.
Moreover, tusks of these animals worth lot in the black market leading to poaching. Hunting for their ivory has reduced elephant population to clusters in the areas of India, Srilanka and South East Asia.
7. Endangered Animals: Vaquita (Threatened Species)
A native of Gulf of California, Vaquita is a tiny porpoise among the animals endangered. This creature was so rare that it was considered as extinct animals in 2006. In 2016, the number of Vaquita is estimated to fall below 30. These loaf sized marine animal population is decreasing usually by getting trapped in illegal gill nets.
Also Read: Cutest Animals in the World.
Besides the gillnets fishing, habitat alteration and pollutants in the sea are other causes for the extinction of these tiny creatures. To save it, Mexico government has established CIRVA to prevent the deaths of Vaquita due to gillnet fishing.
8. Endangered Animals: Lemur
Relatives of apes and monkeys, black lemur are one of the endangered species on the verge of the list of animal extinction. These social creatures are medium-sized having black or brown color with white undersides. According to an estimate, only 10,000 black lemurs are present in the northwestern tip of Madagascar.
The main threat to their survival is deforestation, firewood production, logging, and hunting. Captive breeding and creation of natural habitats have been done by the government to increase their population and save this precious species from extinction.
9. Endangered Animals: Green Turtle
Found mainly in the areas of Atlantic and Eastern Pacific ocean, green turtles are estimated to inhabit coastal areas around 140 and more countries. It derived its common name from the green fat beneath its carapace. Despite the wide range of inhabitation, these species are in danger of extinct animals' list.
The main reason behind it is the illegal killing for their eggs, flesh and their body parts. In West Africa, these creatures are hunted for medicines and religious ceremonies.
10. Endangered Animals: Chimpanzee
The most intelligent animals of the animal kingdom are among the endangered of the world. Closest of human genes are disappearing fastly from the earth. Found in central Africa, these are killed for their flesh as the wealthy delicacies in the area. Another reason for the disappearance of the chimpanzee is habitat loss and illegal keeping. It's disappointing that today only 172700-299700 chimpanzees are left in the wild.
11. Endangered Animals: African Wild Dogs
African wild dogs are natives of eastern and southern Africa like Namibia, Mozambique, South Africa, and Tanzania. These are known as Painted hunting dogs due to splotchy markings on the coat of the dog. Painted dogs are behavioral social animals living in packs up to 40 individuals. Presently, the number of endangered animal is 3.000-5,000.
This population is mostly found in game reserves and national parks. The reason for the decline of its population is overpopulation, poaching, habitat loss, diseases and predators of wild. These are also killed protecting domestic animals by farmers and ranchers.
12. Endangered Animals: Saola
Famous as Asian Unicorn, Saola is closely related to the wild cow than an antelope. It resembles as the creature out of fairy tales with its white spot speckled head bestowed with beautiful long horns. Unfortunately, by endangered animals information states the presence of these species less than 250.
According to the researchers, the stress of being caught and captivating scenario of Asian unicorn has taken more lives than any other human intervention did. The current range of these animals is within Vietnam in Quang Nam Saola Nature Reserve. World Wildlife Fund, Wildlife Conservation Society Lao, Saola Working Group is working consistently to save these rare species.
13. Endangered Animals: Blue Whale
The largest mammal of the world is also going to be in danger list of extinct animals. This endangered species of animal has the capacity of 200 tones and is bigger than 25 elephants. The most interesting fact about the endangered animal is that its tongue alone can weigh around 2.7 tones, isn't that gigantic? But sadly, commercial whaling has reduced the 250,000 blue whales to less than 25,000.
Overfishing of krill, ship strikes, sound pollution, habitat loss are the major threats to the blue whales. International Whaling Commission has been set up for the conservation of the largest sea creatures. In 2014, Chilean Government has approved 120,000 hectares for their habitat preservation.
14. Endangered Animals: Polar Bear
Snow white bears at Polar Regions, that's what the polar bears are remembered as. These natives of Arctic Circle are the early victims of climate-induced habitat loss. These animals are often termed as the marine mammals due to the spending of comparable time of their life in water comparable to its counterpart, the brown bear; polar bears are elongated and have longer nose and skull.
Designated as endangered species, US act of endangered species has extended its wide support to keep polar bears vulnerable to extinction. WWF is working with government and local communities to protect these snow treasures from human intervention and climatic changes.
15. Endangered Animals: Bengal Tiger
Over the past ten years, tiger's population has decreased to be among the endangered species of the animal kingdom. These species are used to found in the habitat of India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Bhutan. With an estimate of around 2,500 tigers in the wild the species are classified since 2010. The main threat to these fierce species is poaching.
Its poached skin and body parts are traded illegally in India, China and Nepal. Various conservation efforts like Project Tiger, Save Tigers Now, Indian Wild Life Protection Act 1972 are going on in India and the world to save the tigers.
These above lists the precious treasure that once gone can never be retained, dodo species was one of them extinct. Save them so that ecology can be saved and so do the beautiful earth for generations as it was gifted to you at birth.
Also Read: 10 Smallest Animals in the World
Most Venomous Snakes.
Previous articleThe Most Beautiful 15 White Flowers That Embellish the Beauty of the Nature
Next articleMost Dangerous Cities in the World: Stay Away Stay Safe
Animals that Never Sleep: Strange but True
List of Top 9 Animals with Horns
The Importance of a Logo for Your Pet Shop. Why Do You Need?
The Importance of a Logo for Your Pet Shop. Why Do...
admin -
What is a logo? Why it is so much important? These are few queries which make us think twice when we start any business....
Animals With Fur: List Of Top 9 Animals Fur Used For...
Herbivorous Animals : Do You Know About The Diets And Habitats?
Want to Know About the Most Beautiful Animals in the World
Domestic Animals: Displaying The Featured List Of Domestic Animals
Desert Animals : Desert Creatures – How They Survive in Hot Climate?
Animals With Fur: List Of Top 9 Animals Fur Used For Clothing
Transgenic Animals – How and Why They Modified Genetically?
Stupidest of all: Top 14 Dumbest animals in the world.
Big Ears Animals : 10 Amazing Animals With Big Ears
Animals With Long Necks: The World Of Long Necked Animals
Animals With Big Eyes: A List Of Animals With Uncanny Eyes
Biggest Animals In The World: Heaviest Animal Ever Recorded In History
Animals With Big Eyes: Evolution over the time has created myriad creatures with distinguishing features. Some species have unusual body size while others carry...
Mutant Animals: Top 10 Mutant Animals Of The World – Just...
Scariest Animals In The World – Why They Known as Creepiest...
Beautiful Creatures of the World – Newly Discovered Animals
Desert Animals : Desert Creatures – How They Survive in Hot...
List of Animals that Hibernate: Surprising Animals which Hibernate
Get the List of Most Unique Animals in the World


Legislation that would shift part of the property tax burden to an income or sales tax is not the tax relief that Pennsylvania citizens demand and deserve, Rep. Jim Cox (R-Berks) said today.
This week's debate in the House focused on bills and amendments that only skirt around the edges of property tax reform, rather than addressing it head-on.
Cox specifically pointed to reductions, rebates and reimbursements as only temporary solutions to the property tax problem that has plagued Pennsylvania for more than 30 years.
Instead of piecemeal relief, Cox has advocated his support for House Bill 1275, the School Property Tax Elimination Act. This legislation would entirely replace property taxes with an increased sales tax. The legislation also addresses out-of-control school spending, the main factor driving up school property taxes.
To make up the lost revenue, the state's 6 percent sales tax would be applied to items currently exempt. That would allow for a broader-based, modernized and sufficient revenue stream. Cox emphasized that food and clothing, as well as utilities would not be taxed under the legislation.
Cox is committed to continuing his fight for total elimination of property taxes in the coming weeks as the property tax debate continues.
More information on the School Property Tax Elimination Act, including a school property tax calculator, is available at RepJimCox.com.


Lanarkshire Deaf Club would like to announce that we have received funding from the People's Health Trust using money raised through The Health Lottery in Scotland to employ a child and family worker for the next two years.
People's Health Trust is an independent charity investing in local neighbourhoods to help create a society without health inequalities. It works closely with each of the regional and country lotteries raising money through The Health Lottery, and distributes grants.


text:
Q: Dereference wrapper for vector of unique_ptr? I recently came across this article; which provides a basic implementation of boost's indirect_iterator but for unique_ptr iterators. I decided to tweak the example in the article a little, so that I could use it for vectors outside class members:
template <typename T>
using SPN = std::unique_ptr<Node<T>>;

template <class BaseIterator>
struct DReferenceIterator : BaseIterator
{
  explicit DReferenceIterator(const BaseIterator & other) : BaseIterator(other) {}
  auto & operator*() const { return *(this->BaseIterator::operator*()); }
  auto * operator->() const { return this->BaseIterator::operator*().get(); }
  auto & operator[](size_t n) const { return *(this->BaseIterator::operator[](n)); }
};

template<typename T>
auto begin_t(std::vector<SPN<T>> & v)
{
  return DReferenceIterator<typename std::vector<SPN<T>>::iterator>(v.begin());
}

template<typename T>
auto end_t(std::vector<SPN<T>> & v)
{
  return DReferenceIterator<typename std::vector<SPN<T>>::iterator>(v.end());
}

I can use std::find(begin_t(v), end_t(v), value) with no problems at all. However, if I try to call std::sort(begin_t(v), end_t(v)) it does not work at all. I did provide an implemention of operator<() in the Node<T> class, but for some reason my code does not compile. The compile error that I get is very extensive and hard to read, however, I managed to extract something that I think is causing the problem:

binary =: no operator found which takes a right-hand operand of type std::unique_ptr<Node<float>,std::default_delete<_Ty>> (or there is no acceptable conversion)

Does this message mean that std::sort() is trying to copy unique_ptr? In which case, does this mean that the DReferenceIterator wrapper does not work as intended? I'm fairly new to C++, so if this is not the case, please help me understand what exactly the problem is.

A: Your DReferenceIterator is lying to the standard library as to what it is exposing. This is causing the errors you see trying to std::sort through it.
By deriving from BaseIterator, you are inheriting the following (among others) BaseIterator::value_type, BaseIterator::pointer and BaseIterator::reference, which don't match the return types of your operators.
A correct implementation would be more like
template <class BaseIterator>
struct DReferenceIterator
{
  using value_type = BaseIterator::value_type::element_type;
  using reference = value_type &;
  using pointer = value_type *;
  using difference_type = BaseIterator::difference_type
  using iterator_category = BaseIterator::iterator_category;

  explicit DReferenceIterator(const BaseIterator & other) : other(other) {}

  reference operator*() const { return **other; }
  pointer   operator->() const { return (*other).get(); }
  reference operator[](size_t n) const { return (*other)[n]; }

  DReferenceIterator& operator++() { ++other; return *this; }
  DReferenceIterator& operator--() { --other; return *this; }

  DReferenceIterator& operator+=(difference_type n) { other += n; return *this; }
  DReferenceIterator& operator-=(difference_type n) { other -= n; return *this; }
  difference_type operator-(DReferenceIterator& rhs) { return other - rhs.other; }
  bool operator<(DReferenceIterator& rhs) { return other < rhs.other; }

  // And all the other operators, in terms of those

private:
  BaseIterator other;
};


text:
Q: How to replace " \ " with " \\ " in java I tried to break the string into arrays and replace \ with \\ , but couldn't do it, also I tried String.replaceAll something like this ("\","\\");.
I want to supply a path to JNI and it reads only in this way.

A: Don't use String.replaceAll in this case - that's specified in terms of regular expressions, which means you'd need even more escaping. This should be fine:
String escaped = original.replace("\\", "\\\\");

Note that the backslashes are doubled due to being in Java string literals - so the actual strings involved here are "single backslash" and "double backslash" - not double and quadruple.
replace works on simple strings - no regexes involved.

A: You could use replaceAll:
String escaped = original.replaceAll("\\\\", "\\\\\\\\");

A:
I want to supply a path to JNI and it reads only in this way.

That's not right. You only need double backslashes in literal strings that you declare in a programming language. You never have to do this substitution at runtime. You need to rethink why you're doing this.

A: It can be quite an adventure to deal with the "\" since it is considered as an escape character in Java. You always need to "\" a "\" in a String. But the fun begins when you want to use a "\" in regex expression, because the "\" is an escape character in regex too. So for a single "\" you need to use "\\" in a regex expression.
here is the link where i found this information: https://www.rgagnon.com/javadetails/java-0476.html
I had to convert '\' to '\\'. I found somewhere that we can use:
filepathtext = filepathtext.replace("\\","\\\\");

and it works.
Given below is the image of how I implemented it.
https://i.stack.imgur.com/LVjk6.png


text:
package com.plined.liftlog;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class RoutineFragment extends Fragment {

	private static String TAG = "RoutineFragment";

	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main_menu, container, false);

		ViewGroup layout = (ViewGroup) view.findViewById(R.id.main_menu_layout);

		//Add our begin workout button

		return view;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


How do I know that you will deliver what I order?
We will. Normally an order is delivered within business 5 days. If there will be any troubles in delivering what you have ordered, we will let you know.
What happens if I change my mind after buying a product?
All you need to do is return the product within 30 days of purchase and we will refund all of your money.
I do not have a credit card, can I pay in any other way?
Sure. Just send us a check or do a wire transfer.
How often do you update your online store?
We update our online store once a week, and sometimes more. Bookmark this site and comeback. If you leave your email, we will make sure to inform you on upcoming promotions where you save much money.
How can you offer so great prices?
We have made special deals with our manufacturers, and we can keep down our expenses since our store is on the Internet.
Is this online store really for real?
No. It is just a demo store for the redtienda eCommerce software. All you see in this store has been made up and nothing can be purchased.


The period of revocation shall be fourteen days from the date of the purchase contract to which you or a third party you designate who is not the carrier who took possession of the goods To exercise your right of revocation, you must contact us, Omdao Vidya e.V. Shop, Buchenstr. 8, 85250 Altomünster, impressumshop@omdao.org by means of a clear statement (eg a letter, fax or e-mail sent by mail) about your decision to revoke this contract. You can use a sample revocation form that is not required.
The return is on your own delivery and invoice.


Air grinders are excellent tools for many applications including polishing and precision grinding. The MAG-123N is a 120° angle air grinder. 23,500 RPM. Air hose included.
You are not currently logged in. Please log in to obtain the best pricing and availability.


The District is committed to safeguarding the rights given to all students under state and federal law. However, with all rights come responsibilities.
This Code of Conduct is an explanation of the behavior that is expected of students in our elementary school. It applies to student behaviors in and out of the school buildings including, but not limited to classrooms, auditorium, cafeterias, field trips and buses. We believe that responsible behavior results in privileges. This Code of Conduct is meant to stop problems before they start; if students misbehave they must accept the consequences, penalties or loss of privileges. We will maintain contact with parents and guardians to make sure the policies and consequences of the Code are understood and successfully carried out.
1. Be respected by teachers, students, and other staff. Show respect for adults & students.
3. Be safe in the school environment. Behave in a way that does not affect the physical and emotional safety of themselves and others.
4. Be listened to by teachers, students, and other staff. Listen to adults and each other respectfully.
6. Attend school with attention to personal cleanliness Be clean and dress in a manner that is not distracting. and appropriate dress.
7. Not be bullied or teased either with hands or words. Respect one another and treat others the way you would like to be treated.
8. To be protected from negative situations based on To respect one another. To behave in a way that supports an differences that occur at school events. environment that is free from intimidation, discrimination, and harassment. To report and encourage others to report when they see negative events occurring.


monkey presents – Alex Davies!
We're lucky enough to have Alex Davies playing his premier gig in Chamonix at monkey tonight! His fresh contempary pop/ska style is a must see (he's even been on Britains Got Talent 2012). Alex will be on stage from 22h!


In this tutorial, we have included information for those tech startups, which are trying to create registration screen with password verification in Android or iOS application. Here, we have explained how password criteria is being verified using Flutter animation by following some simple steps while creating a registration screen. Let's get started with it.
A text field is a field, where users enter text such as name, email, password, etc. It takes input from users in the form of plain text, numeric, or special character.
In order to enter data within the text field, it's users need to tap on the placeholder to open the keyboard to write anything.
In this Android app tutorial, we have created a strikethrough animation to check password verification at the time of registration. To give some hint about the required password criteria, we have provided one of the features of Textfield.
This demo for password criteria verification with flutter animation in Android is being created using Dart programming language (Flutter Framework ver. 1.0).
Here're the steps to implement password verification (at the time of user registration) using flutter when developing an Android or iOS app that requires user registration.
Create renderValidation() function. It is responsible for the Field Container rendering.
Here, we have created one small widget called _renderLine() for rendering the bottom line for margin purpose.
Now, we will create one more class called ValidationItem just for rendering fields as it takes Params like the title and valid status.
We have used TextField another widget provided by flutter. With that, we need to provide a controller for input container and provide that in our TextField widget. We also created textController.
Step 7: Now using the setState() method with our ValidationItem class for triggering the strikethrough animation.
Step 8: Now, we need to create the animationController and animation objects to handle our animation into the initState method, which is called only once in the lifecycle of the flutter class.
And with that timeline, we increase the animStrikeWidthAnim from 0 to 1.
Step 10: Check for an update.
We are using didUpdateWidget method that is another lifecycle method and called when an update happens.
didUpdateWidget() method called, we simply compare old valid property with the new one and if there are changes then we trigger the animation method.
As we all know that forms are an important part of user registration, so it is useful to ensure that your users can get through them accurately and quickly.
You can download the source code for the above tutorial from Github.
P.S: If you still have any doubt or query about how to validate password verification feature in your app, then don't worry. Feel free to contact our custom Android App Development team at Space-O Technologies through our contact us form.
This page was last edited on March 15th, 2019, at 7:13.


text:
Contact a Stylist Virtual Appointments storefinder
Contact a Stylist Fit, color or delivery questions?
NYC Showroom Book an appointment now.
Sizing + Fit Size charts & How-to-Measure.
FAQ Find your answers here.
Wedding Showroom Collaborate on a look you all love.
Wedding Guides Planning, trends & traditions.
Wedding Podcast How to dress your wedding party.
Visit our Inspiration Gallery Inspiring Wedding Styleboards.
Design an Inspiration Styleboard Capture your dream wedding.
#DessyRealWeddings See real Dessy wedding looks.
Our Blog All things Bridesmaid.
my styleboards
The Dessy Group
Your Complete Guide to Having a Small Wedding
How to Measure Yourself for a Bridesmaid Dress
Coming Prepared: What to Wear to a Bridesmaid Dress Fitting
Planning an Outdoor Wedding: Choosing the Perfect Bridesmaid Dresses, Decorations and More
How to Choose Bridesmaid Dresses That Complement the Bride
Wedding Styleboards
History of Bridesmaids
Bridesmaids Throughout the Years: How the Bride's Leading Ladies Have Evolved Over Time
If you've signed on to be a bridesmaid, you probably know that it comes with more than a few big roles and responsibilities. In addition to helping the bride with all the pre-wedding details, you'll also be expected to fend off evil spirits and bandits that might snatch the bride on her wedding day.
Wait — you didn't hear about that responsibility? Don't worry, this is fortunately no longer a role of bridesmaids today. However, it was one of the many peculiar bridesmaid duties that was expected from the bride's leading ladies back in the day.
Curious at how the role of bridesmaids has changed throughout the years? Here is a fascinating look at what was once expected of the bride's cohort:
Origin of Bridesmaids
The inclusion of bridesmaids isn't a modern concept. In fact, the origin of bridesmaids can be traced back to the time of the ancient Romans.
Although historians aren't certain of the exact origin of bridesmaids, here are a few points in history where the tradition is believed to have started:
Roman Era
In ancient Rome, brides would often travel long distances to the groom's village with their dowry in tow. This large dowry made the bride a target on the road for bandits who might steal not only the dowry but also the bride.
Bridesmaids would accompany the bride and dress like her in the hopes of confusing any would-be robbers. Thus, the idea of matching bridesmaid dresses may have started in Rome.
Another reason Roman bridesmaids wore matching dresses was to confuse evil spirits and stop them from gripping the bride on her wedding day — also a key function of the bride's veil, which was worn to befuddle the spirits from cursing the couple's marriage. Later, bridesmaids would serve as witnesses when Rome made it a rule that any marriage must have 10 witnesses to be official.
Chinese Feudal Era
In ancient China, women sent their dowry to the groom's village first and made the trek themselves later. Even so, there was a high probability that the bride would get stolen by bandits while she traveled or captured on the day of her wedding by rival clans.
Just like with the ancient Romans, bridesmaids would dress identically to the bride to confuse kidnappers. When a proper legal system was finally installed, the practice became a symbolic tradition rather than something seen as necessary.
Biblical Roots
Another possible explanation for the origin of bridesmaids comes from the biblical story of Jacob and his two wives, Leah and Rachel. In the Book of Genesis, both Leah and Rachel are accompanied to their wedding by their handmaidens who waited on the two ladies before the ceremony.
Early Bridesmaid Duties
In addition to fending off kidnappers and evil spirits, early bridesmaids had other duties to perform as well. While some of these duties may sound similar, others have (fortunately) long since died out:
Prepare Decorations and Party Favors
This duty may sound familiar to modern bridesmaids. Early bridesmaids were expected to help decorate the wedding day feast and make party favors for the guests.
Victorian era bridesmaids made party favors out of white ribbons, lace and flowers. The bridesmaids would then pin these pretty decorations to the shoulders of each guest as they left the ceremony.
Follow the Bride and Groom to the Bedchamber
It may sound strange to us now, but bridesmaids were expected to accompany the newlyweds to their bedchamber. The bridesmaids would then assist the bride by undoing her dress and letting down her hair.
Others were present in the bedchamber as well, including friends, family and some members of the community. In some cultures, it was common practice for the bride to fling her stocking into the crowd of watchers — aka the beginning of the garter toss tradition. It was believed that whoever caught the bride's stocking would have good luck.
The bedding ritual was a common practice in the medieval period, especially among royals. Fortunately, this ritual began to die out starting in the early 18th century.
Walking the Groom to the Church
In some cultures, it was customary for the bridesmaids to escort the groom to the church while his groomsmen accompanied the bride to protect her from kidnappers or jealous men.
This practice began to wane in popularity after the introduction of long trains, heavy wedding fabrics and frilly clothes in the 18th century. However, evil spirits were still a concern in the Victorian era, and bridesmaids often carried bouquets of garlic and herbs to ward them off.
General Maid Duties
Early bridesmaids helped the bride prepare for her wedding day in many of the same ways they do today. However, they were also of a lower status than the bride and had many duties that were more maid-like.
Bridesmaids today would scoff at the idea of being a bride's personal servant — even though that's what it sometimes feels like. Early bridesmaids were expected to wait on the bride hand and foot, performing various personal duties such as dressing her, drawing her bath and fetching her breakfast in bed.
Throw a Bridal Shower
It's believed that the modern tradition of throwing a bridal shower was born out of the early practice of securing a bride's dowry. If the bride's father could not produce an adequate dowry for the bride, her maids would lend a hand by gathering together and showering the bride with gifts.
By doing so, the bride could marry the man of her choosing. Throwing bridal showers for the bride became common in the upper class during 1890s and later with the masses in the 1930s.
Additional Bridesmaid Requirements
Back in the day, not just anyone could be a bridesmaid. All bridesmaids had to be unmarried virgins who were younger than the bride and of lower status.
However, an exception to this archaic rule was the maid of honor. In Roman times, the maid of honor was chosen for her piety and obedience and was meant to set an example for the bride.
As time went on, the maid of honor simply assisted the bride much like she does today. Before the big day, the maid of honor would help the bride get dressed and procure her bridal flower crown.
In the Victorian era, bridesmaids were expected to wear all white to match the bride. Much like today's custom, these bridesmaid dresses were designed to be simpler to avoid outshining the bride.
Modern Roles and Duties of Bridesmaids
The role of bridesmaids has significantly evolved over the years — much for the better. Today, it's no longer an act of forced servitude but rather a service freely given out of love for the bride.
While many of today's traditions were born out of superstition, there is no need to worry about evil spirits cursing the entire bridal party. And while you might be protective of the bride, there is also no need to worry about the bride being abducted on her big day.
Still, there are some ways in which the roles and responsibilities of contemporary bridesmaids have deviated from past tradition. Here is a look at some of the modern bridesmaid trends and duties which are a far cry from earlier times:
Bridesmaids of Varying Ages
The rules for who can be a bridesmaid are long gone. Today, bridesmaids can be as old or as young as the bride wants.
Well, sort of. Younger bridesmaids between the ages of 8 and 14 are generally considered junior bridesmaids. Girls who are under the age of eight are often flower girls who scatter flowers down the aisle to herald the bride.
There is no age cap to being a bridesmaid. The oldest bridesmaid on record was Edith Gulliford, who was age 97 when she performed her duties in 2007.
In fact, there is no longer any requirement whatsoever to be a bridesmaid. Not only have men stood in as bridesmaids as the man of honor, but dogs have also been known to be part of the bride's cohort—with adorable results.
Mix and Match Bridesmaid Dresses
With the worry of evil spirits cursing the bride and her attendants no longer a concern, there is also no need for the bridesmaid dresses to match. Although some brides prefer their maids to look identical, the latest trend has been to mix and match bridesmaid dresses.
For example, the bride can now choose a color and have her crew pick out dresses of varying styles. This allows the bridesmaids to pick dresses that flatter their individual figures while still looking cohesive for the wedding.
Another hot wedding trend is to have your gals wear bridesmaid separates to create a bold combo. For fashion-forward brides, this is a great way to let bridesmaids have fun with their look while instantly adding style to your wedding.
Bridesmaids Buying Their Own Dress
In early times, a bridesmaid was usually a servant who couldn't afford her own dress. It was up to the bride to outfit her bridal party in nice dresses.
Today, a bridesmaid typically pays for her own bridesmaid dress. The good news is that there are plenty of budget-friendly bridesmaid dresses that are both chic and affordable.
Don't know where to look? Check out our collection of bridesmaid dresses under $150 and browse a wide range of different colors and styles.
Planning the Bachelorette Party
One of the key duties of a modern bridesmaid is planning the bride's bachelorette party. Formerly known as a 'hen party' in Europe, the raucous parties we throw today wouldn't become common practice until the mid-1980s.
Although bachelorette parties today have a reputation of being wild and crazy, they can be whatever the bride prefers. Modern bachelorette parties now refer to a get-together of the bride's closest friends, whether it's a drunk night on the town or a relaxing vacation in Cabo.
You could say that modern bridesmaids have a lot more pressure to ensure that the bride's big day goes off without a hitch. In early times, bridesmaids were not expected to handle any mishaps or misfortunes that struck the bride and groom.
Today, bridesmaids are expected to do everything from running last minute errands to providing the bride with emotional support. Although it's an enormous undertaking, many bridesmaids will gladly do it out of love and friendship for the bride.
Lots of Lace
When Queen Victoria chose a white lace dress, it sparked a fashion craze among brides. But today, lace can be used not only in the bride's dress but also her bridesmaids' dresses.
Lace bridesmaid dresses are not an uncommon sight in weddings today. From lacy dresses in pastel shades to bold lace separates, this romantic fabric is no longer reserved for the bride.
In medieval times, a wealthy bride might have her maids draw a luxurious bath before the wedding day, complete with scented oils and herbs. Of course, this bath was needed to cover up the foul smell most people couldn't escape in the Dark Ages.
Today, bridesmaids often accompany the bride to spa treatments in the form of manicures and pedicures. While the bride may be generous and pay for her bridesmaids' spa treatments, most bridesmaids will happily pay for their own just to bond with the bride before her big day.
Being a Bridesmaid: A Time-Honored and Cherished Tradition
Bridesmaids have come a long way over the centuries. Once considered a lowly servant, being a bridesmaid is now a huge honor that shouldn't be taken lightly.
Thankfully, the roles and expectations of bridesmaids have changed significantly since the medieval era. Today, being a bridesmaid is more about being part of the bride and groom's special day while helping them pull off one spectacular and unforgettable party.
Tags : bridesmaid duties
Playing with Pinks: Rose Gold, Pink and Blush Bridesmaid Dresses
5 Reasons We Love the After Six Brand
8 Tips on How to Pick Your Bridesmaids - And Keep Everyone Happy
How to choose your bridesmaids and keep them happy in the run-up to your wedding - so your squad wil...
Wedding Beauty Timeline: When to Make Appointments, Choose Wedding Accessories and More
Beauty prep for your wedding starts months in advance! Use this helpful beauty timeline from The Des...
How to Choose Your Bridesmaid Dresses: The Ultimate Guide
Take the stress out of choosing bridesmaid dresses with our ultimate guide. Discover helpful tips fo...
Dessy Collection AfterSix Alfred Sung Lela Rose Bridesmaid Social Bridesmaids
FAQs Sizing + Fit Contact Us Shipping Order History Return Policy
About Dessy Press Releases As Seen In For Retailers