Two electric utilities serving Massachusetts showed improvement from last year but still posted below-average results in a customer satisfaction study released by J.D. Power and Associates.
In a survey of 14 electric utilities in the eastern region, National Grid, which has operations in Westboro, finished ninth, with a score of 631. Boston-based NStar Electric ranked 11th, with a score of 614. The average score in the eastern region was 641 on a 1,000-point scale.
The national average for customer satisfaction fell to 661, down from 668 in 2005. The study is based on responses from 29,042 telephone interviews of customers of the country�s 76 largest electric utilities. The survey gauges customer satisfaction through six factors: power quality and reliability, company image, price and value, communications, billing and payment, and customer service.
The study found that customers reported spending 7 percent more on electricity in 2007, the fifth consecutive year average bills have increased. Nationally, the average monthly electric bill is $135, according to J.D. Power.
National Grid, which has 1.3 million electric customers in Massachusetts, said it is working to improve the company�s level of service. Regulators in New York scrutinized the company�s service quality and reliability prior to this month�s approval of National Grid�s $11.8 billion purchase of Brooklyn, N.Y.-based KeySpan Corp.
The KeySpan deal did not require approval in Massachusetts, but the state Department of Public Utilities is reviewing the transaction, including National Grid�s service quality. Three days of hearings on the KeySpan/National Grid deal have been scheduled for late October. National Grid incurred an $8 million penalty for poor service quality in 2006, a fine the company is seeking to void, citing severe weather events beyond the company�s control.
�We believe we are moving in the right direction � our score improved over last year � and we have more work to do,� said National Grid spokeswoman Deborah M. Drew. The company has recently spent $600 million to improve its New York and New England electricity networks, part of a five-year plan to improve service, she said.
National Grid said it is answering calls faster and responding to outages quicker than ever and said a new outage management system provides estimated restoration times. The utility is piloting real-time outage information on the Web for New York customers, something that is expected to be available in New England in the near future.
NStar, which has 1.1 million customers in Eastern Massachusetts, including Boston, said its score made the biggest one-year improvement among all the utilities.
Spokeswoman Caroline Allen said NStar is also improving response times to phone calls and power outages. Customers continue to be frustrated by high energy prices, she said. She said future customer satisfaction scores should improve because the utility is redesigning its bills, installing voice recognition systems and launching a new Web site.
Online interaction between customers and utilities is increasing, according to J.D. Power. The survey found 22 percent of customers had visited their utility�s Web site at least once in 2007, up from 10 percent in 2003.


text:
Q: PHP: Use global variables from include file There are a lot of similar questions, but I couldn't get it to work:
I try to use global variables in an include file like this:
included.php:
<?php
  function some_function()
  {
     $GLOBALS['username'] = $_SERVER["REMOTE_USER"];
  }
?>

first.php:
<?php
  include 'included.php';
  some_function()

  echo '
Hello ' . $GLOBALS['username'] . '!'
'
?>

second.php:
<?php
  include 'included.php';

  echo '
Hello ' . $GLOBALS['username'] . '!'
'
?>

The output of first.php works just fine, but in second.php there is an error:

Notice: Undefined index: student_firstname in /var/www/students/reservations.php on line 36

So my goal is to use this global variable 'username' all over my project and I don't want to call some_function() every time, because there are more variables with SQL queries, so this would take too long.
Is there a nice way to do this or can you recommend me another way?
Thank you!

A: There is such a keyword global for that purpose. But it is considered to be a really bad practice and violation of encapsulation etc.
$username = "Test" ;

function some_function(){
  global $username ;  //Put a global variable into current space.
  echo $username ;    //Now you can access the global variable.
}

P.S. learn to pass your variables into functions as parameters, for it will make your life really easy.

A: You could use PHP Sessions,
for example on your index page have the code;
<?PHP
session_start();
$_SESSION['username']=$_SERVER["REMOTE_USER"];
?>

then on top of all your pages you will need to put;
<?PHP
session_start();
?>

above the  tag.
Then you can call the username by simply
<?PHP echo $_SESSION['username']; ?> and that will display their username.

Source: Been a PHP/HTML/CSS Developer for 3 years.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The biggest obstacle for Blade's Shadow service is the past.
Despite the promise of high-end PC gaming at the fraction of the price, services such as Nvidia's GeForce Now and PlayStation Now haven't caught fire. Worse yet, OnLive, the pioneer in the field, went kaput, casting doubt on the viability of the technology.
Part of the reason is that all these services are closed systems. Players who buy into them are restricted to playing on certain devices. Shadow takes a different approach. Blade opens up its streaming service to virtually any device and lets players treat it like any standard PC. The big difference is that instead of running on local hardware, the service lets players run their games remotely off a Xeon processor with 12 GB of DDR4 Ram, an Nvidia graphics card that's the equivalent of a GTX 1080 and 256 GB of hard drive space.
With that power, they can run nearly any game at max settings. It can even run hardware intensive applications such as Adobe Photoshop. The Shadow service essentially turns nearly any computer into a $2,000 gaming rig. On smartphones and tablets, it uses the screen like a monitor and players can use a Bluetooth controller to make the game perform like something on a console.
Shadow could run the full "Fortnite" without compromises on an iPhone before "Fortnite" widely came out as an app on the App store. What's more important is that the service acts like a PC because it is a PC except that the system runs on a data center. This freedom lets players install Steam and run mods for games that they own on the service. They can add Battle.net and play "Overwatch" on a tablet.
Another important element about Shadow is that Blade dedicates computing resources for every player. That means there shouldn't be a drop off in clarity or performance and the service can only grow as far as its hardware. In France where the company launched, it limited the number of people who could initially access the service until they had enough computers.
That means the only questions facing Shadow is lag and stability. The company says it has built an end-to-end system that's streamlined so that it works with minimal input delay. It functions so well that professional "Street Fighter" player Olivier "Luffy" Hay uses the service. I can attest that the service works flawlessly from the limited time I used it, but there are reports that actual use is less than stellar.
The service has plenty of potential and could be a reasonable alternative to a gaming rig. Players don't have to worry about upgrading it. They can run nearly any peripheral, application or game. The only thing that gives me pause is the size of the hard drive. At 256 GB of storage, that's not a lot for players with massive game collections. At this point, Blade says it has no plans to let players upgrade their 256GB of space so they'll have to delete games on the service to make room for more.
The service costs $35 per month with a locked-in annual subscription. It is costlier if players pay for it each month or in three-month segments. At the moment, Shadow is only available in California and select areas of Europe.


text:
Kazakhstan's Real National Anthem Doesn't Claim 'Prostitutes Cleanest in the Region'
Louis Peitzman
Filed to: Oops
Maria dmitrienko
Tweetg
This is video of Maria Dmitrienko, member of Kazakhstan's shooting team, receiving her gold medal at a ceremony in Kuwait. You might also recognize the song — which should be the Kazakh anthem and is instead the spoof anthem used in the film Borat. While Dmitrienko seems to take it pretty well in the video, the team has demanded an apology.
Some outrage is not entirely surprising, given the lyrics and context of the Borat version.
The spoof song was taken from Sacha Baron Cohen's 2006 film, "Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan," in which Kazakhs are portrayed as inbred racists.
It includes the lines: "Kazakhstan's prostitutes cleanest in the region/Except of course Turkmenistan's."
If it's any consolation to Kazakhstan's shooting team, the event's organizers also bungled the Serbian national anthem. They blamed their mistake on downloading the wrong file, the very same excuse horny teens have been using to cover up online porn indiscretions for the past decade.
Worth noting — it isn't even the first time this month the wrong song has been played instead of the Kazakh anthem. Hopefully third time's a charm.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
You are here: Home / Politics / Govt / Lottery Board chairman says employee incentive payment justified
Lottery Board chairman says employee incentive payment justified
The chairman of the Iowa Lottery Board says a nearly six-percent payment approved for the Iowa Lottery employees Thursday is nothing like the bonuses paid in a central Iowa job training scandal. The revelation that huge salaries and bonuses were paid to administrators of the Central Iowa Employment and Job Training Consortium with little or no justification created a scandal that's still ongoing.
Lottery Board chairman Tim Clausen says the payments to lottery employees is part of an incentive package approved back in 2004. Clausen says it's not a bonus, it's an incentive to that's performance based. The lottery turned 54-million dollars in profit over to the state at the end of the fiscal year June 30th.
The target for the incentive plan was just over 51-million dollars. Clausen says all employees except commissioner Ed Stanek will receive the payment because the lottery hit its revenue goal. Clausen says the incentive was based on the income transfers to the state, so if the lottery employees increased revenue and kept expenses down, they would receive the incentive payment based on a percentage of their salaries. Clausen says this six percent payment is for the past 12 month fiscal year and says the employees failed to meet the goal in the prior six months.
Clausen says the payment is not excessive when viewed in context. Clausen says, "You've got to remember that their base pay is lowered because, as a board, we want incentive pay to be part of the compensation package for our employees. In other words, an incentive to perform." Clausen says the lotter is unlike any other state department in that they try to bring in money to the state and don't spend taxpayer dollars.
Clausen, who is an attorney from Sioux City, says the money-making aspect of the lottery requires a different approach than other agencies in state government. He says, "The way I look at it, is that we are just like a corporation. The taxpayers are our shareholders, we have a board of directors that is the lottery board. We have a C-E-O, that's doctor Stanek. And we have a group of very good hard-working employees innovative employees, that uh, incentive compensation in my opinion and in the board's opinion is a great way to motivate."
Clausen says the employees received the incentive payment even after some 111-million dollars in TouchPlay revenue was not included in the revenue to determine incentive payments. Clausen says he wasn't in favor of pulling out the TouchPlay money. But, Clausen says a number of individuals felt the lottery employees should not be given a bonus on TouchPlay money when many TouchPlay operators lost money after the Legislature ordered TouchPlay machines shut down.
The Iowa Lottery says sales in the 2006 fiscal year hit a record of 218-million dollars, even without the TouchPlay revenue. Clauson says the State Auditor and Attorney General were both consulted before the board voted on the compensation plan.
Filed Under: Politics / Govt Tagged With: Gambling


text:
Q: how to export all checkledistbox items to Xml document in windows form application c# Im not able to display all checked data in xml document only last
       selected Checkedlistbox item is displayed in xml i wanted to
     display all checked data in xml please help me in doing this..
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.ComponentModel;
    using System.Data;
    using System.Drawing;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows.Forms;
    using System.IO;
    using System.Xml;
    namespace GetDetails
     {
            public partial class Form1 : Form
      {

      public Form1()
      {
        InitializeComponent();

      }

    private void textBox1_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

     private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
     {
        // Create a new instance of FolderBrowserDialog.
        FolderBrowserDialog folderBrowserDlg = new FolderBrowserDialog();
        // A new folder button will display in FolderBrowserDialog.
        folderBrowserDlg.ShowNewFolderButton = true;
        //Show FolderBrowserDialog
        DialogResult dlgResult = folderBrowserDlg.ShowDialog();
        if (dlgResult.Equals(DialogResult.OK))
        {
            //Show selected folder path in textbox1.
            textBox1.Text = folderBrowserDlg.SelectedPath;
            //Browsing start from root folder.
            Environment.SpecialFolder rootFolder =
               folderBrowserDlg.RootFolder;
        }

    }

    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

        FolderBrowserDialog fbd = new FolderBrowserDialog();
        if (fbd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
        {
            if (!textBox1.Text.Equals(String.Empty))
            {
                if (System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(textBox1.Text).Length > 0)
                {
                    foreach (string file in
                 System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(textBox1.Text))
                    {
                        //Add file in ListBox.
                        checkedListBox1.Items.Add(Path.GetFileName(file));
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    checkedListBox1.Items.Add(String.Format("No files Found
               at location: { 0}", textBox1.Text));
                }
            }
            /*
            FolderBrowserDialog fbd = new FolderBrowserDialog();
            if(fbd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
             {
               checkedListBox1.Items.Clear();
                string[] files = Directory.GetFiles(fbd.SelectedPath);
                string[] dirs = Directory.GetDirectories(fbd.SelectedPath);

               foreach(string file in files)
                 {
                  checkedListBox1.Items.Add(Path.GetFileName(file));
                }
                foreach (string dir in dirs)
                {
                    checkedListBox1.Items.Add(Path.GetFileName(dir));
                }
            }*/

          }
      }

    private void checkedListBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender,
     EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        XmlTextWriter xwriter = new XmlTextWriter("GetDetails.xml",
        Encoding.Unicode);
        xwriter.WriteStartDocument();
        xwriter.WriteStartElement("XMLFILE");
        xwriter.WriteStartElement("file");
        xwriter.WriteString(textBox1.Text);
        xwriter.WriteEndElement();

            foreach (String item in checkedListBox1.SelectedItems)
            {
                xwriter.WriteStartElement("SelectedItems");
                xwriter.WriteString(item);
                xwriter.WriteEndElement();

                /*  for (int i = 0; i <
            checkedListBox1.CheckedIndices.Count; i++)
                  {
                      //checkedListBox1.ClearSelected();

       checkedListBox1.Items.Add(checkedListBox1.CheckedIndices[i]);
                  }*/
            }
            xwriter.WriteEndElement();
            xwriter.WriteEndDocument();
            xwriter.Close();

        }

    private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        this.Close();

    }

    private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        this.Close();
    }
}

}
  only last selected Checkedlistbox item is displayed in xml i wanted to
 display all checked data in xml please help me in doing this..

A: This ended up being quite simple. checkedListBox1.Item[i] is a string value, and an explicit convert allowed it to be loaded into a variable. The following code works:
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    string str="";
    for (int i = 0; i < checkedListBox1.Items.Count; i++)
    {
          if (checkedListBox1.GetItemChecked(i))
        {
            str += (string)checkedListBox1.Items[i];

        }
    }
     MessageBox.Show(str);
}

Now you got the items. You can write to XML File.
For Writing into XML DOC
System.IO.File.WriteAllText("GetDetails.xml", str);

For more information. Go to Official Site

A: Your question contains correct code, only change which is required is to use
checkedListBox1.CheckedItems instead of checkedListBox1.SelectedItems
Code:
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    XmlTextWriter xwriter = new XmlTextWriter("GetDetails.xml",  Encoding.Unicode);
    xwriter.WriteStartDocument();
    xwriter.WriteStartElement("XMLFILE");
    xwriter.WriteStartElement("file");
    xwriter.WriteString(textBox1.Text);
    xwriter.WriteEndElement();

    foreach (var item in checkedListBox1.CheckedItems)
    {
        xwriter.WriteStartElement("SelectedItems");
        xwriter.WriteString(item.ToString());
        xwriter.WriteEndElement();

    }
    xwriter.WriteEndElement();
    xwriter.WriteEndDocument();
    xwriter.Close();
}


A sliver of land puncturing the bulge of West Africa, Togo was once the region's gem. A raft of riots and disturbances in the 1990s saw its status slip, but still holidays in Togo are considered viable, with people lured here by the forests, savannah, lagoons, swampy plains and sandy beaches crammed into the small space.
The capital Lomé stands on the Gulf of Benin. It has a pleasant, slightly shabby colonial air although it's still recovering from the struggles. Visit the Grand Marché or explore the fetish market to discover the voodoo charms and ceremonial objects connected with the religion.
The smaller towns of Togoville on Lake Togo and Aneho set on a picturesque lagoon on the coast are popular for voodoo shrines and beaches respectively.
Away from the coast, Kpalimé is the gateway to Klouto, a mountain retreat that offers bush walking and nature tours. The town is also the best way to access the coffee and cocoa plantations, ruined chateau and forests in this area.
In the north, Kara is the base from which to explore the Tamberma Valley, keeping an eye out for the remote clay and straw seventeenth century fortresses here.
Elsewhere, the north has lots of potential for activity and adventure holidays, with plenty of walks and treks possible. There's also wildlife watching at Kéran National Park, which boasts one of the largest elephant populations in West Africa.


WASHINGTON -- Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) raised concerns Tuesday in a hearing about whether financial behemoths targeted by "too-big-to-fail" laws had complied with measures requiring them to craft plans for their own orderly breakups in case they run into problems like those that sparked the 2008 financial meltdown.
Warren pointed to the colossal failure of Lehman Brothers, which started the recession, noting that the firm had $639 billion in assets and 209 subsidiaries, and that it was so big and complicated it took three years for courts to unwind.
The unfortunate experience of Lehman was a key reason why part of the Dodd-Frank financial reform law said major institutions qualifying as too big to fail had to submit plans, known as living wills, to the Federal Reserve and the FDIC explaining how they could be "liquidated in a rapid and orderly fashion" without bringing down the financial system or requiring taxpayer bailouts.
If the institutions don't offer "credible" plans, regulators are supposed to request new ones, and then begin possible intervention.
"Here's the key part," Warren told Federal Reserve Chairwoman Janet Yellen in her regular testimony on the state of the economy. "As part of the order to submit a new plan, the Fed and the FDIC can require the company to simplify its structure or sell off some of its assets -- in other words, break up the bank so that it could be more easily liquidated and not pose a risk to the economy."
To illustrate why that's so key, Warren compared the failed Lehman Brothers to one of the increasingly monster-sized banks today: JP Morgan, which has nearly $2.5 trillion in assets and 3,391 subsidiaries, Warren said. But she was unable to get an answer as to whether the Fed has received any credible plans from the financial institutions since starting to review them in 2012.
"Can you honestly say that JP Morgan could be resolved in a rapid and orderly fashion as described in its plans with no threats to the economy and no need for a taxpayer bailout?" Warren asked Yellen, who did not answer directly.
"The living will process, as I understand it, is something that's intended to be iterative, in the sense that the firms submit plans and will receive feedback from the regulators," Yellen said. "We have given feedback on the first round of plans that were submitted, and are working, actually, to at this point, give feedback on the second round of plans. In fact, the firms have now submitted a third round of plans."
Warren, unsure whether that meant the Fed found the firms' plans credible or not, asked again. Yellen once again did not explain directly.
"I think what we need to do is give them a roadmap for where we see obstacles," Yellen said.
That prompted a frustrated-looking Warren to ask point-blank: "I guess the question I'm asking is have they ever gotten to a plan that you can say with a straight face is credible?"
Yellen did not say they had.
"I've understood this to be a process -- these are extremely complex documents for these firms to produce," Yellen said. "We're looking at plans that run into tens of thousands of pages. And I think what was intended is that this determination that you're talking about, about whether or not they're credible, the question is do they facilitate an orderly resolution, and I think we need to give these firms feedback."
Warren reminded Yellen that the law requires the Fed to make determinations every year on whether the firms have provided credible living wills, and that if they have not, the Fed has the power to act.
"There are very effective tools that you have available to you that you can use if those plans are not credible, including forcing these financial institutions to simplify their structure, or forcing them to liquidate some of their assets -- in other words, break them up."


text:
Hammerer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hubert Hammerer (1925–2017), Austrian sport shooter
Markus Hammerer (born 1989), Austrian footballer
Resi Hammerer (1925–2010), Austrian alpine skier
Véronique Hammerer (born 1968), French politician

See also
Hammer (disambiguation)

Surnames
Surnames of German origin
German-language surnames

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


How fast will stores sell out? How early do I need to get there?
Discussion in 'iPhone' started by blarian, Jul 5, 2008.
Does anyone know HOW MANY iPhones are going to be at stores. I'm not in a big city, but I still don't want to get there to find them sold out. Any thoughts? Has Apple released any info about this ?
7,347 iPhones on launch day at every apple store. I actually have no idea.
they better have more than 300 a store!
or better yet... I BETTER GET AN iPhone July 11th or Im gonna be one pissed off customer !
Yah, that's what I was wondering. My store is in the middle of a mall, so I highly doubt there's going to be huge lines waiting outside the mall till it opens.
I thought it was 4,765 white 16gb ones, 5,666 black 16gb & 2 black 8gb per sales person and more stock airlifted in on Friday afternoon if they ran out?
My local O2 store here in Widnes, yesterday claimed to be receiving a batch of 200 units.
20% of which will be 16GB.
I was asked to be there 'as early as possible' to secure one.
I would purchase the new 3G iphone at an Apple store instead of an AT&T store if you are near one, usually the AT&T stores do not receive much stock some stores may only receive 200 iphones while Apple stores may receive triple that amount last year some AT&T stores ran out on the first day.
So if you take that at face value that's 40 16Gb units. Unless there's a rush that'll last a while in a local/small store.
OTOH I don't think staff really know what they'll be getting yet..
Does anyone think that maybe, just maybe, the number per store might depend on the size and location of the store? Just a wild arsed guess.
I was told by an AT&T rep (prepare the salt shaker on this one) that Apple stores would have the better stock. He claims that his store will get close to 250 units where as the Apple store will have between 500 to 600 units.
I think its unbelievably short sighted (I'm talking to you, Nintendo) to underproduce/understock a high demand product. They should be sending thousands of units to Apple stores because you can't make any money if you don't have any product to sell.
Doubtful there will be obnoxious lines anywhere but high-profile big city Apple Store locations. Just go in and get your phone. I really don't think there's a reason to flip out like there was last year.
I think that this phone will sell out because the Apple Store online has not sold iPhones since late may and Apple retail stores and AT&T retail stores haven't been getting much shipments, if any, for the past month. Alot of people are also waiting for the phone because of 3G and GPS.
It is going to sell quick, in my opinion. I just hope on July 13th or 14th I can get a 16GB iPhone 3G.
I don't think any store will sell out....but that's just me...since I wont be trading my original iphone for anything!
This year will be no different. Although Apple stores might not run out right away.
actually it will be quiet different...with each person only being able to get their hands on one phone i would think they would not sell out within the hour.
There will be no sell out at any store.
i think at&t stores only sold one per customer last year on opening day too.
My store is also in a mall so I don't know how they will handle that, but I was planning on getting there the night before and lining up outside of the nearest door to the Apple store with my lawn chairs and MBP. Probably bring a couple of power bars too. But I will probably be one of the first in line, and I want to be, more excitement to be the first, at least for me. But if it is going to be like last year, you can show up at 1 or 2 and still get one.
It will be interesting to see in my town. Its a college town of about 50K population but with no AT&T 3G coverage. (Only Sprint currently has 3G coverage here). The nearest AT&T 3G is about 40 miles in either direction. There is one AT&T store.
I would never stand in line, but I am guessing I will get one before the weekend is over. We'll see if that prediction holds true.


DALLAS - Following the shooting death of Botham Jean by the hands of Dallas Police Officer Amber Guyger, multiple search warrants were executed at Jean's apartment as part of the investigation.
Attorneys for Botham Jean's family are outraged that the document describing drug evidence became public on the same day of his funeral.
One of the warrants became a public record Thursday afternoon when it was returned to the judge who signed it. It was shortly after Jean's funeral had ended. It listed several items found in Jean's apartment, including a small amount of marijuana.
The Jean family's legal team was unaware of the document when it was first released. Regardless of whose marijuana it was, the attorneys say it doesn't matter.
Schulte says it's common practice for detectives investigating a case to cast a wide net when seeking a search warrant.
The request for the warrant does list a wide range of items — from blood evidence and keys, to video surveillance systems and "any contraband, such as narcotics, and other items that may have been used in criminal offenses."
There have been several warrants signed by judges and executed in the case so we could learn of additional items retrieved. It's unclear if those requests included any warrants to search Officer Guyger's apartment as well.


Slide into the cushioned comfort of Men's Nike Benassi Solarsoft 2 G Golf Slide, a lightweight design with soft foam and a flexible upper strap that moves with your foot.
You are about to post a review for Nike Men's Benassi Solarsoft 2 Golf Slide based on your knowledge of its playability. This review will show up under all variations of Nike Men's Benassi Solarsoft 2 Golf Slide, including new, personalized, and custom logo.


text:
События
 Консулы: Аппий Клавдий Пульхр (патриций) и Гай Норбан Флакк (плебей); консулы-суффекты: Луций Корнелий Лентул (патриций) и Луций Марций Филипп (плебей); проконсулы: Гай Орконий, сын Гая (в Ахайе), Марк Кокцей Нерва (в Азии) и Публий Вентидий Басс (в Сирии).
 1 января — Началась Испанская эра, по распоряжению Октавиана Августа.
 Флот Октавиана выплыл из Тарента в Регий, затем поплыл на север. Помпей настиг его у Схиллея и прижал к берегу. Ночью подошли корабли Менодора. На следующий день разразилась буря. Помпей укрылся в Мессане, а оставшаяся часть флота Октавиана была уничтожена.
 17 января — свадьба Октавиана и Ливии Друзиллы, дочери Ливия Друза и бывшей жены Тиберия Клавдия Нерона, которого Октавиан принудил к разводу.
 Октавиан получает титул «императора».
 Марк Випсаний Агриппа по приказу Октавиана успешно подавил восстание вдоль Рейна, основав в тех краях каструм Убиорум ().
 Марк Антоний, Октавиан Август и Лепид подписали договор в Таренте (33 до н. э.?), продлив второй триумвират до 33 года до н. э.
 Парфянское вторжение в римскую Сирию. В битве при Гандаре римляне Вентидия Басса побеждают парфян. Погиб царевич Пакор. Граница между Парфией и Римом на Евфрате восстановлена.

Родились
 Нерон Клавдий Друз Германик (14 января), впоследствии усыновлённый Гаем Юлием Цезарем Октавианом Августом
 Антиох I Теос Коммагенский, царь Коммагены

Скончались
 Ород II, правитель Парфии

См. также

Примечания


text:
Q: how to get the string between two same characters of a string - in vb.net i am having a string like
~AS DF~GHJ~K LE~RTYUVD~FE~GRF E~SRRRTR EDC~XCE
i want the string between "~"
like
AS DF
GHJ
K LE
RTYUVD
FE
GRF E
SRRRTR EDC

A: You can try to use Split() function to split input string by tilde (~). Then, since you only interested in substrings between tilde, skip the first and last item in the split result :
Dim splitResult = "~AS DF~GHJ~K LE~RTYUVD~FE~GRF E~SRRRTR EDC~XCE".Split("~")
For Each r As String In splitResult.Skip(1).Take(splitResult.Length - 2)
    Console.WriteLine(r)
Next

Result :

We skip the first item because it only has tilde at the right side
first item~.....

and we skip the last item because it only has tilde at the left side
.....~last item

A: Try like this
Method 1:
Dim s As String = "~AS DF~GHJ~K LE~RTYUVD~FE~GRF E~SRRRTR EDC~XCE"

' Split the string on the backslash character
Dim parts As String() = s.Split(New Char() {"~"c})

' Loop through result strings with For Each
Dim part As String
For Each part In parts
    Console.WriteLine(part)
Next

Method 2:
Dim s As String = "~AS DF~GHJ~K LE~RTYUVD~FE~GRF E~SRRRTR EDC~XCE"
Dim words As String() = s.Split(new String() { "~" },
                                        StringSplitOptions.None)


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Amslv provides high risk merchant account solutions to a wide range of e-commerce and mail order/telephone order merchants.
Debt Negotiation - Debt Relief - Debt Consolidation Avoid. Offers services for debt relief through debt settlement and debt negotiation - A great alternative to bankruptcy and debt consolidation.


Last fall, I contributed a design to Allyson Dykhuizen's Holla Knits, and it was a great experience all the way from yarn support, to fun knitting, to blogstravaganza! Holla Knits always features innovative design with exciting colors and styling; these are never the same old knits. I'm pleased to share that I'll have another Holla design in the upcoming Fall 2013 Collection, and as one might suspect, it's not exactly the sort of thing you see around everywhere.
Plaid! It's got technique, and colors, and uncomplicated knitting – with a super fun finished object. For now, there are some more sneak peeks in my guest post on the Holla Knits blog, but it won't be long until fall, when all will be revealed!
SO excited to see the finished version of this!


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Support for serializing other types will be added in future releases.
val result1 = spark.sql("select name, age, fv from global_temp.people where age > 18"


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Traffic backs up as as crews work to remove a big rig that was hauling apple juice, after it collided with a pole just south of Westside Boulevard near Atwater, Calif., on Thursday, May 16, 2019. According to authorities no injuries were reported. Andrew Kuhn akuhn@mercedsun-star.com
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The history of Central Africa has been divided into its prehistory, its ancient history, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and the post-colonial period, in which the current nations were formed. Central Africa is the central region of Africa, bordered by North Africa, West Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Sahara Desert. Colonial boundaries are reflected in the modern boundaries between contemporary Central African states, cutting across ethnic and cultural lines, often dividing single ethnic groups between two or more states.

Geography

The area located at the south of the desert is a steppe, a semi-arid region, called the Sahel. It is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition in Africa between the Sahara desert to the north and the Sudanian Savanna to the south. The Sudanian Savanna is a broad belt of tropical savanna that spans the African continent, from the Atlantic Ocean coast in the West Sudanian savanna to the Ethiopian Highlands in the East Sudanian savanna.

Climate

In 15,000 BP, the West African Monsoon transformed the landscape of Africa and began the Green Sahara period; greater rainfall during the summer season resulted in the growth of humid conditions (e.g., lakes, wetlands) and the savanna (e.g., grassland, shrubland) in North Africa. Between 5500 BP and 4000 BP, the Green Sahara period ended.

Prehistory

By at least 2,000,000 BP, Central Africa (e.g., Ishango, Democratic Republic of Congo) was occupied by early hominins.

In 90,000 BP, the oldest fishing-related bone tools (e.g., barbed harpoons) of Africa were developed in Central Africa, particularly, Katanda, Central African Republic.

Between 25,000 BP and 20,000 BP, hunter-fisher-gatherer peoples in Central Africa (e.g., Ishango, Democratic Republic of Congo) utilized fishing tools and natural resources from nearby water sources, as well as may have engaged in and recorded mathematics (e.g., Ishango bone, which may demonstrate knowledge and use of the duodecimal system, prime numbers, multiplication).

Ancient history

Rock art in Central Africa is generally located between the savanna and the Congo basin forest. There is rock art found in Cameroon (e.g., Bidzar; Galdi, Adamaoua; Djebel Mela, in Kotto and Lengo; Mbomou, Bangassou in Bakouma), the Democratic Republic of Congo (e.g., Bas-Congo; Ngembo; Fwakumbi), in Angola (e.g., Mbanza Kongo; Calola; Capelo; Bambala Rock Formations in the Upper Zambezi Valley), and in Gabon (e.g., Ogooue, Otoumbi; Oogoue, Kaya Kaya; Lope National Park).

The engraved rock art (e.g., circular marks, concentric circles, cupules, petals) of Bidzar, Cameroon, which was likely engraved using a hammer, is likely no older than the Early Iron Age (2500 BP - 1500 BP).

Bantu expansion

Between 2500 BP and 1800 BP, amid the Iron Age, at Lope National Park, Okanda, Gabon, 1680 engraved rock art in total were created with iron implements (e.g., chisels) by Bantu-speaking peoples during the Bantu migration. Among the 670 engravings in the western region of Elarmekora and Epona, there are specifically 240 petroglyphs at Elarmekora and 410 petroglyphs at Epona. At Elarmekora, there are hunting depictions of assegai and animals (e.g., four-legged animals, lizards, a giant-headed insect, tortoise carapace) and a non-hunting depiction of a hoe. At Epona, there are various geometric depictions (e.g., concentric circles), which compose 98% of the overall depictions and may bear the symbolic meaning of cosmic cycles and the flow of time, as well as depictions of five lizards, and a single/double-bladed Bantu throwing knife. In the eastern region of Kongo Boumba, there are 1010 petroglyphs. At Kongo Boumba, there are various geometric depictions (e.g., circles, chain-like circles, concentric circles, concentric circle arches, dissected circles, pecked circles, stitched shapes, spirals), 35% of all depictions being chain-like depictions; there are also depictions of snake-like lines, cruciform, lizards, double-bladed throwing knives, small axes, oval-bladed throwing knives with handles and spurs. There are also some realistic animal depictions of lizards, six-legged lizards that appear commonly in African symbolisms, and a dotted hoe layered atop a throwing knife (the most common depiction on rock art in Central Africa) that indicates there were two distinct timeframes that engraving has occurred. At Elarmekora, pottery, with concentric circles like found on the rock art, were found in deposits which dated to 1850 BP, and radiocarbon dating has provided dates between 2300 BP and 1800 BP. At Kongo Boumba, the Okanda ceramic tradition dates from the 2nd century BCE to the 2nd century CE.

Sao civilization

Sao civilisation began as early as the 6th century BCE or the 4th century BCE, and by the end of the 1st millennium BCE, their presence was well established around Lake Chad and near the Chari River. The city states of the Sao reached their apex at some point between the 9th century CE and 15th CE.

Although some scholars estimate that the Sao civilization south of Lake Chad lasted until the 14th century CE or the 15th century CE, the predominant consensus is that it ceased to exist as a separate culture sometime in the 16th century CE subsequently to the expansion of the Bornu Empire. The Kotoko are the inheritors of the former city states of the Sao.

Post-classical history

Kanem Empire

In the 8th century CE, Wahb ibn Munabbih used Zaghawa to describe the Teda-Tubu group, in the earliest use of the ethnic name. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi also mentions the Zaghawa in the 9th century CE, as did Ibn al-Nadim in his Kitāb al-Fihrist in the 10th century CE. Kanem comes from anem, meaning south in the Teda and Kanuri languages, and hence a geographic term. During the 1st millennium CE, as the Sahara underwent desiccation, people speaking the Kanembu language migrated to Kanem in the south. This group contributed to the formation of the Kanuri people. Kanuri traditions state the Zaghawa dynasty led a group of nomads called the Magumi. The area already possessed independent, walled city-states belonging to the Sao culture. Under the leadership of the Duguwa dynasty, the Kanembu would eventually dominate the Sao, but not before adopting many of their customs.

Bornu Empire

By the end of the 14th century CE, internal struggles and external attacks had torn Kanem apart. War with the So brought the death of four Mai: Selemma, Kure Gana, Kure Kura, and Muhammad, all sons of 'Abdullāh b. Kadai. Then, war with the Bulala resulted in the death of four Mai in succession between 1377 CE and 1387 CE: Dawūd, Uthmān b. Dawūd, Uthmān b. Idris, and Bukar Liyāu. Finally, around 1387 CE, the Bulala forced Mai Umar b. Idris to abandon Njimi and move the Kanembu people to Bornu on the western edge of Lake Chad.

But even in Bornu, the Sayfawa Dynasty's troubles persisted. During the first three-quarters of the 15th century CE, for example, fifteen Mais occupied the throne. Then, around 1460 CE Ali Gazi (1473 CE – 1507 CE) defeated his rivals and began the consolidation of Bornu. He built a fortified capital at Ngazargamu, to the west of Lake Chad (in present-day Nigeria), the first permanent home a Sayfawa mai had enjoyed in a century. So successful was the Sayfawa rejuvenation that by the early 16th century CE Mai Idris Katakarmabe (1507 CE – 1529 CE) was able to defeat the Bulala and retake Njimi, the former capital. The empire's leaders, however, remained at Ngazargamu because its lands were more productive agriculturally and better suited to the raising of cattle. Ali Gaji was the first ruler of the empire to assume the title of Caliph.

Kongo Kingdom

The first king of the Kingdom of Kongo, Dya Ntotila, was Nimi a Nzima and Luqueni Luansanze's son Lukeni lua Nimi (c. 1380 CE – 1420 CE). After the death of Nimi a Lukeni, his brother, Mbokani Mavinga, took over the throne and ruled until approximately 1467 CE. The Kilukeni Kanda — or "house", as it was recorded in Portuguese documents — ruled Kongo unopposed until 1567 CE.

Shilluk Kingdom

According to Shilluk legends, the kingdom was founded in 1490 CE. Its legendary first ruler ("Reth") was the hero known as Nyikang who claimed to be half-crocodile and possessed power over the rain. Nyikang was the son of a king, Okwa, who ruled a country located "far south near a large lake". This may be Lake Albert, where the Acholi live. After Okwa's death, Nyikang went to war with his brother Duwadh, the legitimate successor to the throne. Facing defeat, Nyikang left his homeland with his retinue and migrated northeast to Wau (near the Bahr el Ghazal, "river of gazelles" in Arabic). Here (known by the Shilluk as the Pothe Thuro) Nyikang married the daughter of Dimo, the local magician. After a conflict with Dimo Nyikang migrated north (crossing the Bahr el Ghazal) to Acietagwok (a Shilluk village about  west of the village of Tonga) around 1550 CE. Nyikang then traveled to Nyilual, an uninhabited region west of the present town of Malakal. In the end, legends claim that Nyikang vanished in a whirlwind in the middle of a battle.

Modern history

Sultanate of Bagirmi

The Bagirmi carried a tradition that they migrated from far to the east, which is supported by the resemblance of their language to various tribes on the White Nile. It is not entirely clear when and by whom Bagirimi kingdom was founded: some king lists trace this event to 1480 CE, when it was supposedly founded by Mbang Abd al-Mahmud Begli, while others deem Mbang Birni Besse responsible, who is said to have founded the kingdom in 1522 CE. He seems to have displaced the earlier Bulala, while he also began to build a palace in Massenya, the capital of the state. The fourth king, Abdullah (1568 CE – 1608 CE), adopted Islam and converted the state into a sultanate, permitting the state to extend their authority over many pagan tribes in the area, including the area's Saras, Gaberi, Somrai, Gulla, Nduka, Nuba, and Sokoro.

Kingdom of Luba

Archaeological research shows that the Upemba depression had been occupied continuously since at least the 4th century CE. In the 4th century CE, the region was occupied by iron-working farmers. Over the centuries, the people of the region learned to use nets, harpoons, make dugout canoes, and clear canals through swamps. They had also learned techniques for drying fish, which were an important source of protein; they began trading the dried fish with the inhabitants of the protein-starved savanna.

By the 6th century CE, fishing people lived on lakeshores, worked iron, and traded palm oil.

By the 10th century CE, the people of Upemba had diversified their economy, combining fishing, farming and metal-working. Metal-workers relied on traders to bring them the copper and charcoal that they needed in smelting. Traders exported salt and iron items, and imported glass beads and cowry shells from the distant Indian Ocean.

By the 14th century CE, the people of the region were organized into various successful farming and trading communities — the gradual process of the communities merging began. Some communities began to merge into larger, more centralized ones; the reason for this is likely because of competition for increasingly limited resources.

Kingdom of Ndongo

The Kingdom of Ndongo was a tributary to the Kingdom of Kongo along with various other polities outside of Kongo proper.  The Kingdom of Mbundu in the south and the BaKongo in the north were always at odds, but Kongo managed to exact tribute from these states since before the colonization by the Portuguese.

Anziku Kingdom

The word Anziku comes from the KiKongo phrase "Anziku Nziku" meaning "to run" referring to inhabitants who leave the interior to protect the border.  The term was applied most famously to the Bateke, which is why the state is sometimes called the kingdom of Teke or Tiyo.  Other groups within the Anziku included the Bampunu and Banzabi.

In the early 17th century CE, the Anziku population controlled the copper mines around Kongo's northeast border and may have been there specifically as a buffer.  When the Anziku groups consolidated to form their own independent kingdom, Kongo proceeded to take over the mines.  This process was complete by the 1620s CE.  There was, however, fighting between the two states over the region throughout the 17th century CE.

Kasanje Kingdom

The Kasanje Kingdom, also known as the Jaga Kingdom, (1620 CE – 1910 CE) was a pre-colonial Central African state. It was formed in 1620 CE by a mercenary band of Imbangala, which had deserted the Portuguese ranks. The state gets its name from the leader of the band, Kasanje, who settled his followers on the upper Kwango River. The Kasanje people were ruled by the Jaga, a king who was elected from among the three clans who founded the kingdom.

Kingdom of Matamba

The first documentary mention of the Kingdom of Matamba is a reference to it giving tribute to the King of Kongo, then Afonso I of Kongo, in 1530 CE. In 1535 CE, Afonso subsequently mentioned Matamba as one of the regions over which he ruled as king in his titles.  There is no further information on the kingdom's early history and modern oral traditions do not seem to illuminate this at the present state of research.  However, it does not seem likely that Kongo had any more than a light and symbolic presence in Matamba, and its rulers were probably quite independent.  Matamba undoubtedly had closer relations with its south southeastern neighbor Ndongo, then a powerful kingdom as well as with Kongo.

During the mid-16th century CE, Matamba was ruled by queen Njinga, who received missionaries from Kongo, then a Christian kingdom, dispatched by King Diogo I (1545 CE – 1561 CE).  Though this queen received the missionaries and perhaps allowed them to preach, there is no indication that the kingdom converted to Christianity.

Wadai Empire

Prior to the 1630s CE, Wadai, also known as Burgu to the people of Darfur, was a pre-Islamic Tunjur kingdom, established around 1501 CE.

Kingdom of Lunda

Initially, the core of what would become the Lunda confederation was a commune called a N'Gaange in the kiLunda (kiyaka-kipunu) language. It was ruled over by a monarch called the Mwane-a- n'Gaange. One of these rulers, Ilunga Tshibinda, came from the nation of Luba where his brother ruled and married a royal woman from a nation to their south. Their son became the first paramount ruler of the Lunda, creating the title of Mwane-a-Yamvu (c. 1665 CE).

Kuba Kingdom

The kingdom began as a conglomeration of several chiefdoms of various ethnic groups with no real central authority. In approximately 1625 CE, an individual from outside the area known as Shyaam a-Mbul a Ngoong usurped the position of one of the area rulers and united all the chiefdoms under his leadership. Tradition states that Shyaam a-Mbul was the adopted son of a Kuba queen. He left the Kuba region to find enlightenment in the Pende and Kongo kingdoms to the west. After learning all he could from these states, he returned to Kuba to form the empire's political, social and economic foundations.

Mbunda Kingdom

The kingdom was ultimately conquered in a war with Portugal in 1914 CE, called the Kolongongo War.

Adamawa Emirate

The Fula first settled in the area in the 14th century CE.

Yeke Kingdom

The Yeke Kingdom (also called the Garanganze or Garenganze kingdom) of the Garanganze people in Katanga, DR Congo, was short-lived, existing from about 1856 CE to 1891 CE under one king, Msiri, but it became for a while the most powerful state in south-central Africa, controlling a territory of about half a million square kilometres. The Yeke Kingdom also controlled the only trade route across the continent from east to west, since the Kalahari Desert and Lozi Kingdom in the south and the Congo rainforest in the north blocked alternative routes. It achieved this control through natural resources and force of arms—Msiri traded Katanga's copper principally, but also slaves and ivory, for gunpowder and firearms—and by alliances through marriage. The most important alliances were with Portuguese–Angolans in the Benguela area, with Tippu Tip in the north and with Nyamwezi and Swahili traders in the east, and indirectly with the Sultan of Zanzibar who controlled the east coast traders.

Slave trade

Colonial period

Scramble for Africa

Between October 26, 1917 CE and May 18, 1919 CE, René Grauwet found a metal Osiris statuette, which, as a result of examination, was determined to be created in Egypt (8th century BCE – 1st century CE); it was found on the right side of the Lualaba River, near Bukama, in the Republic of the Congo.

Post-colonial period

History of Central African Architecture

Further information in the sections of Architecture of Africa:
 Ancient Central African Architecture
 Medieval Central African Architecture

History of science and technology in Central Africa

Further information in the sections of History of science and technology in Africa:
 Mathematics
 Textiles
 Communication systems
 By country

Military history of Central Africa

Genetic history of Central Africa

Archaic Human DNA

Archaic traits found in human fossils of West Africa (e.g., Iho Eleru fossils, which dates to 13,000 BP) and Central Africa (e.g., Ishango fossils, which dates between 25,000 BP and 20,000 BP) may have developed as a result of admixture between archaic humans and modern humans or may be evidence of late-persisting early modern humans. While Denisovan and Neanderthal ancestry in non-Africans outside of Africa are more certain, archaic human ancestry in Africans is less certain and is too early to be established with certainty.

Ancient DNA

In 4000 BP, there may have been a population that traversed from Africa (e.g., West Africa or West-Central Africa), through the Strait of Gibraltar, into the Iberian peninsula, where admixing between Africans and Iberians (e.g., of northern Portugal, of southern Spain) occurred.

Cameroon

West African hunter-gatherers, in the region of western Central Africa (e.g., Shum Laka, Cameroon), particularly between 8000 BP and 3000 BP, were found to be related to modern Central African hunter-gatherers (e.g., Baka, Bakola, Biaka, Bedzan).

Democratic Republic of Congo

At Kindoki, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, there were three individuals, dated to the protohistoric period (230 BP, 150 BP, 230 BP); one carried haplogroups E1b1a1a1d1a2 (E-CTS99, E-CTS99) and L1c3a1b, another carried haplogroup E (E-M96, E-PF1620), and the last carried haplogroups R1b1 (R-P25 1, R-M415) and L0a1b1a1.

At Ngongo Mbata, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, an individual, dated to the protohistoric period (220 BP), carried haplogroup L1c3a.

At Matangai Turu Northwest, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, an individual, dated to the Iron Age (750 BP), carried an undetermined haplogroup(s).

Y-Chromosomal DNA

Haplogroup R-V88 may have originated in western Central Africa (e.g., Equatorial Guinea), and, in the middle of the Holocene, arrived in North Africa through population migration.

Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial haplogroup L1c is strongly associated with pygmies, especially with Bambenga groups. L1c prevalence was variously reported as: 100% in Ba-Kola, 97% in Aka (Ba-Benzélé), and 77% in Biaka, 100% of the Bedzan (Tikar), 97% and 100% in the Baka people of Gabon and Cameroon, respectively, 97% in Bakoya (97%), and 82% in Ba-Bongo. Mitochondrial haplogroups L2a and L0a are prevalent among the Bambuti.

Autosomal DNA

Genetically, African pygmies have some key difference between them and Bantu-speaking peoples.

Medical DNA

Evidence suggests that, when compared to other Sub-Saharan African populations, African pygmy populations display unusually low levels of expression of the genes encoding for human growth hormone and its receptor associated with low serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and short stature.

Timeline of archaeological cultures and sites

 Leba Cave (500,000 BP – 40,000 BP)
 Lupemban culture (270,000 BP – 170,000 BP)
 Mousteroid (80,000 BP – 50,000 BP)
 Mount Hoyo (40,700 BP)
 Matupi Cave (40,000 BP – 3000 BP)
 Mosumu (30,300 BP)
 Shum Laka (30,000 BP)
 Lope (Ogooue-Ivindo province) (7670 BP)
 Ndende (Ngounie province) (6450 BP)
 Ndtoua (4460 BCE – 4225 BCE)
 Leiterband Complex (4th millennium BCE – 3rd millennium BCE)
 Denis River (5000 BP – 3000 BP)
 Mban I (1610 BCE – 1250 BCE)
 Bissiang (1105 BCE – 805 BCE)
 Boso-Njafo (1st millennium BCE)
 Zili (940 BCE – 530 BCE)
 Dombe (815 BCE – 420 BCE)
 Meyang (800 BCE – 350 BCE)
 Ezezang (774 BCE – 385 BCE)
 Ongot (550 BCE – 1 CE)
 Kango (Estuaire province) (2460 BP)
 Makouré (395 BCE – 100 BCE)
 Nanga (390 BCE – 90 BCE)
 Djaoro Mbama (170 BCE – 115 CE)
 Ndjore (50 BCE – 240 CE)
 Koukony (50 BCE – 250 CE)
 Mayongo (50 CE – 240 CE)
 Madingo Kayes (74 CE – 352 CE)
 Karmankass (130 CE – 670 CE)
 Binguela II (230 CE – 545 CE)
 Bidjouka (320 CE – 640 CE)
 Sao civilization (1500 BP)
 Missi Madji (685 CE – 890 CE)
 Nana-Mode village (7th century CE – 8th century CE)
 Begon II (890 CE – 1030 CE)
 Kolle (890 CE – 1220 CE)
 Sokorta Manga (960 CE – 1040 CE)
 Bekia (970 CE – 1160 CE)
 Bedia (980 CE – 1170 CE)
 Badila (1020 CE – 1270 CE)
 Beka Petel (1025 CE – 1275 CE)
 Dodang (1280 CE – 1420 CE)
 Diy-Gid-Biy (13th century CE – 15th century CE)
 Kakongo (pre-1500 CE)
 Ngoyo (15th century CE)
 Beboura (1660 CE – 1950 CE)
 Bemboyo (1660 CE – 1950 CE)
 Ngon Mbang (1660 CE – 1950 CE)

References

Central Africa
History of Central Africa
History of Africa by region
Sub-Saharan Africa
Natural history of Africa


Attributes allow you to add custom, descriptive properties to your vehicles, drivers, landmarks, users, and hierarchy nodes (if available). You can then use attributes as labels on reports and filters on maps and dashlets (e.g., show only vehicles with a tow capacity of 2000+lbs or only drivers with a CDL certification).
My company provides transportation services. How can the Dispatcher publish status updates of each trip so that the fleet manager, schedulers, and other portal administrators can easily see them?
Attributes allow you to add custom, descriptive properties to individual hierarchy levels (nodes)–such as alert addresses, email lists, and timezones.


It includes all measurements, calculations and mapping which serve the purpose of ascertaining and documenting information at all stages from prospecting to exploitation and utilizing mineral deposits both by surface and underground working.
The Objective of mine sampling is to determine the grade of the ore exposed in a mine, and thereby lead to an estimation of the assay-value and tonnage of the ore body. The estimation of the tonnage and assay-value of an ore deposit is an attempt to put into exact figures the result of inexact work.
The process of constructing a mining facility and the infrastructure to support the facility.
Transportation logistics and transportation costs play a significant role in the feasibility and sustainability of a mining venture.
We carry out transportation prefeasibility study to investigate different options for the transportation of equipment, supplies and people for the establishment and operational phases of the planned mine.
to as to ensure our promise of our superior and unprecedented quality.
It is a part of our supply chain management and an important quality control method for checking the quality of goods our clients buy from us. The inspection company is mutually decided between us and our clients.
After we have ensured the quality of material as per our standards and clients requirements, we carry out shipment of goods in the packaging as agreed between us and the client.


text:
AOTW- Aric Davis
Aric Davis
Aric Davis is married with one daughter and lives in Grand Rapids, Michigan where he has worked for the past fourteen years as a body piercer. A punk rock aficionado, Davis does anything he can to increase awareness of a good band. He likes weather cold enough to need a sweatshirt but not a coat, and friends who wear their hearts on their sleeves. In addition to reading and writing, he also enjoy roller coasters and hockey.
Interview with Aric Davis
Aric Davis is author of, From Ashes Rise, Nickel Plated and A Good and Useful Hurt.
Holly: Hi Aric! Can you tell us a little bit about yourself?
Aric Davis: I live in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and live with my wife and daughter. I have worked for the last sixteen years a body piercer, and I'm covered in tattoos and have huge ear piercings. Also, I'm obsessed with roller coasters, and my family spends a great deal of our summers riding them.
Holly: Why Mystery & Thrillers?
Aric Davis: The old saying is, "write what you know." What should be an old saying is, "write about what you like to read." I love mysteries, thrillers, and horror novels. I won't say that I always have, but I will say that I spent a fair amount of time perusing Encyclopedia Brown novels at the library, and things took a dark turn soon afterwards.
Holly: You published your first work in 2008 called From Ashes Rise. From what I understand it is set in 2012. I have to ask—now that it is 2012, do you find it, weird, that you wrote the book years ago, set now?
Aric Davis: It's a little weird, but at the same time we're three years from 2015, and I still don't have a hoverboard, not to mention the non-existent Jaws sequels. I was right on a few of the story elements in From Ashes Rise, and wrong on a few as well. The U.S. did elect a Democrat for the presidency, and little changed in the way the US government operated, despite promises to the contrary. Aside from that, I imagined a war that was still ongoing, and a country that was a train wreck financially as well as domestically. What got my story going was a government draft. I'm happy to be wrong on that count.
All that said, Ashes was not meant to be a political novel, it was a book about a man forced to walk through a secessionist Michigan, and the many adventures that find him on his journey.
Holly: Can you tell us a little about your novel Nickel Plated?
Aric Davis: "Nickel Plated" is about a twelve year old boy who works as a private detective, but he's not one of the Hardy Boys. Nickel, the protagonist, is a deeply damaged sexual abuse survivor who will do anything to help a child at risk, even putting his own life on the line. Nickel is fun, scary, and a little bit ridiculous. I'm incredibly proud of being a part of publishing it.
Holly: What was your inspiration for this novel?
Aric Davis: There are two answers for this question. The first is that "Nickel Plated" was written as a YA novel heavily influenced by the work of Andrew Vachss, one of our greatest living authors, and his wonderful "Burke" series.
The second is that in July of 2009, three of my extended family members were killed by a drunk driver. I poured my guts into the laptop, not as a means of creation, but escape. When the dust cleared, my damaged imaginary friend had walked into hell, and came out still breathing.
Holly: You have a new novel called, A Good and Useful Hurt that is expected February 21st this year. Can you tell us a little bit about this novel and its characters?
Aric Davis: "A Good and Useful Hurt" has a protagonist in tattooist Mike, who meets and hires sarcastic body piercer Deb, and the two of them slowly fall for one another, never realizing that tragedy awaits them. Along with this central tale, readers will get an inside look at the real workings of a tattoo shop, and be made to endure some pretty horrific situations. It has a supernatural element to it as well, but I feel the reader would do best to experience that on their own.
Holly: Do you have any plans for more works in 2012?
Aric Davis: My most recently completed manuscript, "Blood Caked Bones" was finished last October, and has been submitted to my publisher. It is a very different manuscript than any of my recent work, and is about an alternate history United States, and a second civil war that begins at the start of the 20th century. I very much doubt that even if it were accepted it would see publication in 2012, but I do have high hopes for it in the future.
Holly: Are you perhaps working on anything at the moment?
Aric Davis: I am focused currently on short fiction and promotional work for "A Good and Useful Hurt." For me, it is much easier to begin work on a new piece of long fiction after I know the status of my last completed work, so until "Blood Caked Bones" is either given a go ahead or set aside, I will remain dormant. New short fiction can be found at The Five Hundred, a flash fiction collective that I belong to.
Holly: Where can we purchase your works?
Aric Davis: Amazon.com will likely be the easiest place for readers to find them, and both "A Good and Useful Hurt" and "Nickel Plated" are available in both print and ebook editions. Additionally, "A Good and Useful Hurt" is available in audio book format, and is read by super-awesome Luke Daniels.
"From Ashes Rise" will be a harder proposition. Before the release of "Nickel Plated" I decided to take "Ashes" out of print, mostly because it was not edited professionally. As proud as I am of the story, the editing and even the writing is quite embarrassing in places. Perhaps it will see an edit someday, but it is currently not one of my priorities.
Holly: Do you have anything you would like to say to readers?
Aric Davis: Thank you, thank you, thank you! I could type that a thousand times and it still wouldn't cover it. I came to writing from a deep love of reading, and am extremely grateful to be able to be published, and have my work read by so many people. I still feel the need to pinch myself occasionally, and have long ago given up on the idea that this will ever feel all the way real.
Holly: What was one of the most surprising things you learned in creating your books?
Aric Davis: That I could write a book at all was far and away the most surprising thing for me. I always loved reading, but I hated high school, and dropped out of college after just a few months. Teaching myself to write was one of the hardest things I've ever done, but there wasn't a single moment of work or drop of sweat that wasn't 100% worth it. I took the long way to get to the dance, but they still let me in, eventually.
Books by Aric Davis
From Ashes Rise: A Novel of Michigan
A Good and Useful Hurt
Awards/Recognitions:
- NICKEL PLATED received a starred review from Booklist:
Nickel is a 12-year-old abuse survivor living all alone in suburban Michigan. He sells marijuana and blackmails Internet pedophiles in order to fund his real profession: clandestine detective, complete with night-vision goggles, camouflage jumpsuits, a getaway bicycle, and some not-bad jujitsu skills. Most pressing among his current caseload is the pro bono mystery of an abducted little girl. She's probably dead, but Nickel is determined to find out who did it anyway—and it doesn't hurt that his client, the girl's older sister, is one heck of a dame ("It was awful to see her go but nice to watch her leave"). Writing with a deaf ear to what's fashionable in YA, Davis' terseness initially comes off like hardboiled spoof and risks alienating readers with its steadfastly unemotional tone. Almost slyly, though, Nickel's one-note voice becomes affecting; read between the lines and you'll find a damaged kid whose defense mechanism is to be a crime-fighting robot. As dark as they get, Nickel's travails are often laugh-out-loud funny: he's got his plan, and he's sticking to it. Readers will, too, right through the pulse-pounding climax and the crushingly offhand sadness of the denouement. Davis hits hard—but with a surprisingly light touch. — Daniel Kraus
-Amazon Exclusive, Gillian Flynn gave NICKEL PLATED a fabulous review:
Every so often you come across a book with a voice like a blast of pure oxygen. Aric Davis has that kind of voice: crackling, assured, energized. With Nickel Plated, he introduces an utterly unique character, 12-year-old Nickel, a former abused foster child, current runaway, and future force to be reckoned with (not that he isn't already) with a keen brain, sharp sense of humor and hard-boiled self-awareness. Sworn never to return to foster care, Nickel supports himself by dealing pot, blackmailing online pedophiles, and taking on PI jobs, particularly anything involving a child in need. When pretty Arrow asks him to find her missing little sister, Nickel's investigation uncovers a nasty corner of the suburbs involved in child trafficking. This is a dark but humane, chilling and sometimes heart-breaking work of noir, a reminder that children are vulnerable but also resilient, tough and resourceful. Davis takes on some very mature themes but never loses sight of the damaged but determined heart in his young narrator. Here is a character who demands a series, from a writer who will shake you wide awake. --Gillian Flynn
Find Aric at: His Website | Goodreads
Buy A Good and Useful Hurt at: Amazon
Aric Davis has offered to giveaway one (1) copy of his book, A Good and Useful Hurt!
All you have to do to enter for a chance to win is fill out the Rafflecopter form below.
**Just sign in via Facebook or with your name and email, and click 'DO IT!' --Green Button-- read the instructions/directions of the entry well please, complete it and then click 'Enter'.
Labels: 2012, Aric Davis, Author of the Week, February


Could Genetic Testing be the Next Method to Determine Cognitive Performance in the Future?
Naturopathic medicine is approaching a pivotal time in our profession. There is a strong push to integrate into the conventional medical system, using section 2706 from the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) as a political stepping stone for inclusion in government programs at the state and federal level. At the same time, we are quick to point out our stark difference from the conventional medical world, since our priority is to identify and treat the cause of disease, rather than to suppress symptoms. For chronic diseases that have a clear etiology, like diabetes mellitus type II, our medicine works beautifully and further separates us from the broken conventional medical system that we are so focused on being a part of. However, what of those chronic conditions that have been around for millennia yet still have no clear etiology? How do we "treat the cause" of the unknown?
This research suggests what we've suspected for many years: migraines cannot be explained by a simple vasodilation/vasoconstriction mechanism, and what may cause migraines in some, does not cause migraine in others. If anything, the continued lack of discovery about specific underlying mechanisms of migraine etiology supports the use of naturopathic modalities and approaches for migraineurs.
While any disease is difficult to treat when the cause is unclear, we greatly surpass the conventional medical system by treating the individual and promoting overall health and wellness. As an intractable migraine sufferer, myself, I can attest to the fact that any decrease in migraine severity, duration, or frequency of migraine attacks sans pharmaceuticals and their harmful side effects is life-changing for those 36 million migraineurs in the United States. Clear etiology or not, we can offer our patients hope, which, is in some ways, the most powerful gift a naturopathic physician can give.
Ashley L. Russell, ND, graduated from the Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine in Arizona. She received her Bachelor of Science in Applied Ecology from the University of California, Irvine, where she spent over a year researching the impact of bioremediating plants on Costa Rican soil. She is a naturopathic doctor at Serenity Natural Health Center in Frederick, Maryland, with a focus on women's health. In her spare time, Dr Russell enjoys baking vegan, gluten-free treats, hiking, and spending time with her dog, Honey.
Sacks O. Migraine. New York, NY: Vintage Books; 1992.
Leonardi M, Mathers C. Global burden of migraine in the Year 2000: summary of methods and data sources. Global Burden of Disease 2000. WHO Web site. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/bod_migraine.pdf. Accessed March 5, 2015.
Migraine Research Foundation. Migraine Fact Sheet. Available at: http://www.migraineresearchfoundation.org/fact-sheet.html. Accessed March 4, 2015.
International Headache Society. IHS Classification ICHD-II: Migraine. IHS Web site. http://www.ihs-classification.org/en/02_klassifikation/02_teil1/01.00.00_migraine.html. Accessed March 5, 2015.
Lauritzen M, Dreier JP, Fabricius M, et al. Clinical relevance of cortical spreading depression in neurological disorders: migraine, malignant stroke, subarachnoid and intracranial hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2011;31(1):17-35.
Lea RA, Ovcaric M, Sundholm J, et al. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene variant C677T influences susceptibility to migraine with aura. BMC Med. 2004;2:3.
Shevel E. The Extracranial Vascular Theory of Migraine. Headache. 2011;51(3):409-417.
Waeber C, Moskowitz MA. Migraine as an inflammatory disorder. Neurology. 2005;64(10 Suppl 2):S9-15.
Rahmann A, Wienecke T, Hansen JM, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide causes marked cephalic vasodilation, but does not induce migraine. Cephalalgia. 2008;28(3):226-236.
Charles A. Advances in the basic and clinical science of migraine. Ann Neurol. 2009;65(5):491-498.
Ho TW, Edvinsson L, Goadsby PJ. CGRP and its receptors provide new insights into migraine pathophysiology. Nat Rev Neurol. 2010;6(10):573-582.
Russell FA, King R, Smillie SJ, et al. Calcitonin gene-related peptide: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev. 2014;94(4):1099-1142.
Taylor FR. Lifestyle changes, dietary restrictions, and nutraceuticals in migraine prevention. Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manag. 2009;13(1):28-37.
Bianchi A, Salomone S, Caraci F, et al. Role of Magnesium, Coenzyme Q10, Riboflavin, and Vitamin B12 in Migraine Prophylaxis. Vitam Horm. 2004;69:297-312.
Markley HG. CoEnzyme Q10 and riboflavin: the mitochondrial connection. Headache. 2012;52 Suppl 2:81-7.
Faraji F, Zarinfar N, Zanjani AT, Morteza A. The effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on migraine: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial. Pain Physician. 2012;15(6):495-498.
Gasbarrini A, Gabrielli M, Fiore G, et al. Association between Helicobacter pylori cytotoxic type I CagA-positive strains and migraine with aura. Cephalalgia. 2000;20(6):561-565.
Vogler BK, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Feverfew as a preventative treatment for migraine: a systematic review. Cephalalgia. 1998;18(10):704-708.
Linde K, Allais G, Brinkhaus B, et al. Acupuncture for migraine prophylaxis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009(1):CD001218.
Danno K, Colas A, Masson JL, Bordet MF. Homeopathic treatment of migraine in children: results of a prospective, multicenter, observational study. J Altern Complement Med. 2013;19(2):119-123.
Straumsheim P, Borchgrevink C, Mowinckel P, et al. Homeopathic treatment of migraine: A double blind, placebo controlled trial of 68 patients. Br Homoeopath J. 2000;89(1):4-7.


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The Daily Beast Gets Sunned
If you worked at The New York Sun and now you're looking for some part-time work, send in your clips
By John Koblin • 10/28/08 10:04pm
If you worked at The New York Sun and now you're looking for some part-time work, send in your clips to Tina Brown!
The Sun has been closed for three weeks, and in that time, The Daily Beast has hit the 500-hour mark. It needs to be fed.
In recent weeks, ex-Sun staffers who have contributed include:
Ira Stoll
Julie Satow
Ross Goldberg
Benjamin Sarlin
It's probably not a coincidence that a former editor at The Sun, Nicholas Wapshott, is a senior editor at The Beast now.
Filed Under: Home, New York Sun, Tina Brown, The Media Mob
SEE ALSO: The Best Father's Day Gift Ideas for the Most Special Man in Your Life


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Gundred, Countess of Surrey
English noble
Biography Lists
Death May 27, 1085
Children: William de Warenne2nd Earl of Surrey
Gundred or Gundreda (Latin: Gundrada) (died 27 May 1085) was the Flemish-born wife of an early Norman baron, William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey. She and her husband established Lewes Priory in Sussex.
Gundred was almost certainly born in Flanders, and was a sister of Gerbod the Fleming, 1st Earl of Chester. She is explicitly so called by Orderic Vitalis, as well as the chronicle of Hyde Abbey. She was also the sister of Frederick of Oosterzele-Scheldewindeke, who was killed c.1070 by Hereward the Wake.
Gundred married before 1070 William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey (d. 20 June 1088), who rebuilt Lewes Castle, making it his chief residence. Sometime between 1078 and 1082, Gundred and her husband set out for Rome, visiting monasteries along the way. In Burgundy they were unable to go any further due to a war between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. They visited Cluny Abbey and were impressed with the monks and their dedication. William and Gundred decided to found a Cluniac priory on their own lands in England. They sent to Hugh, the abbot of Cluny, for monks to come to England at their monastery. Hugh was reluctant yet eventually sent several monks, including Lazlo, who became the first abbot. The house they founded was Lewes Priory, dedicated to St. Pancras. Gundred died in childbirth on 27 May 1085 at Castle Acre, Norfolk, one of her husband's estates, and was buried at the Chapter house of Lewes Priory. He was later buried beside her.
Two leaden cists containing the remains of Gundred and her husband; chalk lithograph by F. W. Woledge after a drawing by R. H. Nibbs, 1845
In the course of the centuries which followed, both tombstones disappeared from the priory. In 1774 Edward Clarke discovered Gundred's in Isfield Church (seven miles from Lewes), over the remains of Edward Shirley, Esq., who died in 1550. William Burrell had it removed on 2 October 1775 to St. John's Church, Southover, where it was placed on display.
In 1845, during excavations through the Priory grounds for the Brighton Lewes and Hastings Railway, the lead chests containing the remains of the Earl and his Countess were discovered and were deposited temporarily beneath Gundred's tombstone. In 1847 a Norman Revival chapel was erected by public subscription, adjoining the present vestry and chancel. Before the remains were reinterred in this chapel, both chests were opened to ascertain if there were any contents, which was found to be the case. New chests were made and used, and the ancient ones preserved and placed in two recessed arches in the southern wall. The Earl's chest has lost some lead. Gundred's chest remains in a good state of preservation. Across the upper part of the right arch is the name Gvndrada. Her tombstone is of black Tournai marble.
The children of William de Warenne and Gundred were:
William II de Warenne (d. 11 May 1138), buried in Lewes Priory.
Reginald de Warenne, an adherent of Robert of Normandy.
Edith de Warenne, married first Gerard de Gournay, Lord of Gournay-en-Bray and second Drew de Monchy.
Controversy on parentage
Legends based in part on late Lewes Priory cartulary suggested Gundred was a daughter of William the Conqueror by his spouse Matilda of Flanders, but this is not accepted by most modern historians. The early-19th-century writer Thomas Stapleton had argued she was a daughter of Matilda born prior to her marriage to Duke William. This theory sparked a debate consisting of a series of published papers. It culminated with those of Edmond Chester Waters and Edward Augustus Freeman, who argued the theories could not be supported. Nonetheless, some genealogical and historical sources continue to make the assertion that she was the Conqueror's daughter.
Barlow, Frank, The Feudal Kingdom of England 1012 - 1216, London, 1955
Cokayne, George Edward, The Complete Peerage, Vol. iv, p. 670 Chart:Surrey or Warenne before 1135…
Keats-Rohan, K.S.B., Domesday People, a Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents 1066-1166 (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 1999), p. 480
Moriarty, George Andrews, The Plantagenet Ancestry (Mormon Pioneer Genealogy Society, Salt Lake City, UT, 1985), p. 184
Schwennicke, Detlev, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europaischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 4, Das Feudale Frankreich und Sien Einfluss auf des Mittelalters (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1989), Tafel 699
Weis, Frederick Lewis, The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215, ed: Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr., William R. Beall, 5th Edition (Genealogical Publishing Co., 1999), Line 158-1
The contents of this page are sourced from Wikipedia article. The contents are available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license.
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shaner82 said: ↑
You say that as if the goal when they made changes back then was for the next guy to suck. Of course, it was not, which is why the comparison is apples to apples.
JD86 said: ↑
I will never get why so many hate Kordell. There is no other QB besides Bradshaw and Roethlisberger who was better than him.
I don't think anybody was claiming that he was the Steelers' worst quarterback ever, so that is a straw man. Hell, anybody who would remember Stewart would also remember Kent Graham. 'Nuff said.
Stewart was good in 1997 and 2001, but either missed too much time or played poorly otherwise. He threw more interceptions than touchdowns in his career. Part of the problem was that the Steelers didn't adapt their offense to his strengths, but he had some serious flaws. The guy had a terrible pocket presence. He just had no feel at all for the pass rush around him. He was dangerous as a runner, but I don't remember him buying time to throw with his mobility all that often. You can make an argument for him being the team's best quarterback after Bradshaw and Roethlisberger, but that's mostly because the competition for that distinction isn't very distinguished.
I don't get the hate either...I still own a K. Jersey, but I don't get the unreasonable stuff that it was everyone's fault than K. Stewart's either. There is a happy medium. Also You have got to be kidding Me about not understanding the hate. There are people on Here that give more Hate to Ben than Kordell. I can give You 7 names. LoL
Id have to think Neil O was better than Kordell but it could be close
DJ18Baller, Jan 21, 2023 at 5:58 AM
The OL' LIST Thing.
Do it! Post it!
forgotten1, Jan 21, 2023 at 6:43 AM
Lets say your kid is acing all classes in school to the point the current teachers in the public school can't teach him anything new... do you keep him in that school cause the kid is familiar with the teachers, or do you move him to a school so he can get ahead in life?
I don't see how having an inferior and below average OC is actually good for anyone, especially KFP.
If there are two football summer camps, one run by Canada, the other run by Haley, which one would you put your son in? Be honest...
OB1, Jan 21, 2023 at 3:55 PM
I can make that argument, too, but some people here will lose their **** if anything positive is written about him.
Rel Well-Known Member
Cowher had no idea how to use a QB like Kordell, frankly, no one really did in the 90's and early 2000's. Vick was drafted in 2001 and even he wasn't used correctly. Put prime Kordell in the NFL today and he is a superstar.
Rel, Jan 21, 2023 at 9:58 PM
Rel said: ↑
Maybe. He was a flawed passer with no pocket presence, but at least some current NFL offenses would have taken better advantage of his skill as a runner.
I remember Kordell's dad being glad his son got out of the "hellhole" that was Pittsburgh. Don't believe Kordell had much success anywhere else
Who does leave the Steelers have any success?
Very few and far between.
Mike Vrabel to the Pats
Chad Brown to Seattle
Rod Woodson to the Ravens
Kevin Greene to the Panthers
Hardy Nickerson
Javon Hargrave
Emmanual Sanders
Nate Washington
And how many have flopped?
We just got a virtual 1st rounder for Claypool.
Trafalgar, Jan 22, 2023 at 1:01 PM
RockyBleier Well-Known Member
This take from Kordell is very interesting. Since Canada is back no matter what, it gives me a reason to be hopeful that it was a better decision than I or most in here thought.
RockyBleier, Jan 22, 2023 at 1:05 PM
There are more that have succeeded as on any teams the flops will probably outnumber the successes. The Steelers have had their share of those that ha e succeeded elsewhere
Well Woodson doesn't count He changed positions to be good again(which We asked Him to do)...He was not very good at CB after He left. Nate, and Vrabel were not even starters Here...So .....should that even count???
Kevin Greene wasn't a Steeler really, but a mercenary....So...
I give You the rest....so still not very many....No???
No. Come on man. The premise put forth was that the Steelers didn't have many that left here and were still good players. Those guys were all very good players. Mercenary? That's kind of a huge stretch. He was very good even after he left. Doesn't matter if they weren't starters. They all excelled after leaving the Steelers. C'mon man!
He was a mercenary. He didn't even play half of His career as a Steeler. These are just My opinions. I do believe You have to judge it as starter, and not. Not our fault they had so many good players ahead of them. JMO
Mike Wallace disapeared without a trace, Leveon Bell may as well have retired, and Brown was a complete disaster for Raiders.
defva Well-Known Member
I understand, what kordell was saying, but those OC were way better then Canada
defva, Jan 22, 2023 at 4:28 PM
I never mentioned those player's
Ok man. Whatever you say
Exactly. It is comical to argue that Woodson, Greene, and Vrabel don't count. The question was about guys who were good players after they left. All of those guys were good after leaving the Steelers.
The Vrabel argument is the one that is truly odd. If anything, it reflects poorly on the Steelers that they weren't able to figure out how to get more use out of him. Sure, he was stuck behind two good outside linebackers, but the Patriots played him inside, too.
Wallace had 930 yards the year after he left and later had a 1,000-yard season with the Ravens.