an extensive selection of service replacement parts and local machine technicians. Our warehouse inventory contains over 100 new machines in stock that are ready to ship at any time.
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Pianist Jan Lisiecki replaces Alice Sara Ott as soloist in the Schumann piano concerto with the NAC Orchestra.
Upon returning home after a hugely successful recital in Munich, Alice unfortunately stumbled on the stairs and hurt her hand. She has therefore had to cancel several forthcoming engagements in order to heal and rest.
We are grateful that Canadian pianist Jan Lisiecki will return to the NAC to step in on short notice. Jan has recently released a recording of the Schumann concerto, to great acclaim. This will be his first collaboration with conductor Alexander Shelley.
The Friends of the NAC Orchestra is pleased to hold a spectacular silent auction in the main foyer of the NAC in conjunction with this NAC Orchestra concert. Bid on outstanding and unique donated items from across Canada and from around the world. Proceeds benefit the Friends of the NAC Orchestra's commitment to music education programs for young people. Help us build a fantastic future for music in Canada!


text:
National award recognizes Gardner's commitment to excellence
Jun 30, 2018 | News |
Cheryl Harrison-Lee
The International City/County Management Association or ICMA has recognized the Gardner with a 2018 Certificate of Excellence in Performance Management. ICMA awards this certificate to governmental entities that demonstrate a commitment to collecting, using and sharing performance data to enhance transparency and continually improve their organizations and communities. This certificate is the highest level of recognition awarded.
ICMA evaluated the city's Performance Management Program to determine its certification level, which includes its strategic plan that serves as a multi-year roadmap for achieving community goals; public dashboard that provides an at-a-glance view of key performance indicators related to specific objectives and business processes; and its efforts to improve public service through public engagement and comparative benchmarking.
"Performance management is a quintessential component in achieving excellence in our business practices. It determines how we conduct business, allocate funds and make operational and strategic decisions," said Cheryl Harrison-Lee, city administrator. "It is an honor to be recognized among other high-performing cities, such as Austin, Phoenix and San Francisco, who have also been recognized for their data-driven management and performance-focused culture."
Harrison-Lee also says the award demonstrates that Gardner is transparent and innovative; Gardner will spend its money in efficient ways and for the greater good.
Harrison views toward marketing Gardner to new businesses: "We haven't yet but we will." She says the award is new (came one month ago) and that the city needs to plan out their strategies for marketing, but they plan to put it on the website and tell businesses.
ICMA will formally recognize Gardner and other certificate recipients at its 104th Annual Conference in Baltimore, Maryland, later this fall.
Along with the ceremony in Baltimore, Harrison-Lee and staff will be mentioned during a city council meeting.
To view the Gardner Strategic Plan and performance dashboard G3 (Gardner Guarantees Greatness), visit www.gardnerkansas.gov/StrategicPlan. For questions, contact Matt Wolff, senior management analyst at [email protected]
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The UK has some of the highest fines for using hand-held mobile phones in Europe – but even so many UK motorists remain undeterred with almost 12,000 drivers a year still being prosecuted for the offence, IAM RoadSmart has discovered.
The UK's biggest independent road safety charity IAM RoadSmart has announced it will be renewing its contract with pioneer racer Maria Costello MBE as its Rider Ambassador for a further year.
Road safety charity IAM RoadSmart has welcomed Prime Minister Theresa May's pledge to look at introducing a graduated licensing (GDL) scheme for young drivers – calling it long overdue.
An investigation by IAM RoadSmart, the UK's biggest independent road safety charity has found that more than a third-of police forces are using their mobile safety camera vans to prosecute drivers not wearing seatbelts or using a handheld mobile phone.


text:
Identification of a T follicular helper cell subset that drives anaphylactic IgE
Uthaman Gowthaman, Jennifer S. Chen, Biyan Zhang, William F. Flynn, Yisi Lu, Wenzhi Song, Julie Joseph, Jake A. Gertie, Lan Xu, Magalie A. Collet, Jessica D.S. Grassmann, Tregony Simoneau, David Chiang, M. Cecilia Berin, Joseph E. Craft, Jason S. Weinstein, Adam Williams, Stephanie C. Eisenbarth
Medicine, Allergy Division
Cross-linking of high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) results in the life-threatening allergic reaction anaphylaxis. Yet the cellular mechanisms that induce B cells to produce IgE in response to allergens remain poorly understood. T follicular helper (TFH) cells direct the affinity and isotype of antibodies produced by B cells. Although TFH cell–derived interleukin-4 (IL-4) is necessary for IgE production, it is not sufficient. We report a rare population of IL-13–producing TFH cells present in mice and humans with IgE to allergens, but not when allergen-specific IgE was absent or only low-affinity. These "TFH13" cells have an unusual cytokine profile (IL-13hiIL-4hiIL-5hiIL-21lo) and coexpress the transcription factors BCL6 and GATA3. TFH13 cells are required for production of high- but not low-affinity IgE and subsequent allergen-induced anaphylaxis. Blocking TFH13 cells may represent an alternative therapeutic target to ameliorate anaphylaxis.
aaw6433
https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aax4316
10.1126/scirobotics.aax4316
Dive into the research topics of 'Identification of a T follicular helper cell subset that drives anaphylactic IgE'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Immunoglobulin E Immunology and Microbiology 100%
immunoglobulins INIS 100%
Allergen Immunology and Microbiology 57%
affinity INIS 57%
Anaphylaxis Immunology and Microbiology 42%
Follicular B Helper T Cells Immunology and Microbiology 42%
Cells Immunology and Microbiology 42%
anaphylaxis INIS 42%
Gowthaman, U., Chen, J. S., Zhang, B., Flynn, W. F., Lu, Y., Song, W., Joseph, J., Gertie, J. A., Xu, L., Collet, M. A., Grassmann, J. D. S., Simoneau, T., Chiang, D., Berin, M. C., Craft, J. E., Weinstein, J. S., Williams, A., & Eisenbarth, S. C. (2019). Identification of a T follicular helper cell subset that drives anaphylactic IgE. Science Robotics, 4(34), [aaw6433]. https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aax4316
Gowthaman, Uthaman ; Chen, Jennifer S. ; Zhang, Biyan et al. / Identification of a T follicular helper cell subset that drives anaphylactic IgE. In: Science Robotics. 2019 ; Vol. 4, No. 34.
@article{ee69bede319743c6ac123b7857676828,
title = "Identification of a T follicular helper cell subset that drives anaphylactic IgE",
abstract = "Cross-linking of high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) results in the life-threatening allergic reaction anaphylaxis. Yet the cellular mechanisms that induce B cells to produce IgE in response to allergens remain poorly understood. T follicular helper (TFH) cells direct the affinity and isotype of antibodies produced by B cells. Although TFH cell–derived interleukin-4 (IL-4) is necessary for IgE production, it is not sufficient. We report a rare population of IL-13–producing TFH cells present in mice and humans with IgE to allergens, but not when allergen-specific IgE was absent or only low-affinity. These "TFH13" cells have an unusual cytokine profile (IL-13hiIL-4hiIL-5hiIL-21lo) and coexpress the transcription factors BCL6 and GATA3. TFH13 cells are required for production of high- but not low-affinity IgE and subsequent allergen-induced anaphylaxis. Blocking TFH13 cells may represent an alternative therapeutic target to ameliorate anaphylaxis.",
author = "Uthaman Gowthaman and Chen, {Jennifer S.} and Biyan Zhang and Flynn, {William F.} and Yisi Lu and Wenzhi Song and Julie Joseph and Gertie, {Jake A.} and Lan Xu and Collet, {Magalie A.} and Grassmann, {Jessica D.S.} and Tregony Simoneau and David Chiang and Berin, {M. Cecilia} and Craft, {Joseph E.} and Weinstein, {Jason S.} and Adam Williams and Eisenbarth, {Stephanie C.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by Food Allergy Research and Education Ira and Diana Riklis Family Research Award in Food Allergy, R01 AI136942, and R01 AI108829 (to S.C.E.), and by R21 AI135221 and R21 AI133440 (to A.W.). U.G. is a recipient of Gershon-Trudeau Fellowship from Immunobiology at Yale University. B.Z. is a recipient of Ph.D. fellowship awarded by Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore. T.S. is a recipient of Robert E. Leet and Clara Guthrie Patterson Trust Mentored Research Award. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.",
doi = "10.1126/scirobotics.aax4316",
journal = "Science Robotics",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
Gowthaman, U, Chen, JS, Zhang, B, Flynn, WF, Lu, Y, Song, W, Joseph, J, Gertie, JA, Xu, L, Collet, MA, Grassmann, JDS, Simoneau, T, Chiang, D, Berin, MC, Craft, JE, Weinstein, JS, Williams, A & Eisenbarth, SC 2019, 'Identification of a T follicular helper cell subset that drives anaphylactic IgE', Science Robotics, vol. 4, no. 34, aaw6433. https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aax4316
Identification of a T follicular helper cell subset that drives anaphylactic IgE. / Gowthaman, Uthaman; Chen, Jennifer S.; Zhang, Biyan et al.
In: Science Robotics, Vol. 4, No. 34, aaw6433, 18.09.2019.
T1 - Identification of a T follicular helper cell subset that drives anaphylactic IgE
AU - Gowthaman, Uthaman
AU - Chen, Jennifer S.
AU - Zhang, Biyan
AU - Flynn, William F.
AU - Lu, Yisi
AU - Song, Wenzhi
AU - Joseph, Julie
AU - Gertie, Jake A.
AU - Xu, Lan
AU - Collet, Magalie A.
AU - Grassmann, Jessica D.S.
AU - Simoneau, Tregony
AU - Chiang, David
AU - Berin, M. Cecilia
AU - Craft, Joseph E.
AU - Weinstein, Jason S.
AU - Williams, Adam
AU - Eisenbarth, Stephanie C.
N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by Food Allergy Research and Education Ira and Diana Riklis Family Research Award in Food Allergy, R01 AI136942, and R01 AI108829 (to S.C.E.), and by R21 AI135221 and R21 AI133440 (to A.W.). U.G. is a recipient of Gershon-Trudeau Fellowship from Immunobiology at Yale University. B.Z. is a recipient of Ph.D. fellowship awarded by Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore. T.S. is a recipient of Robert E. Leet and Clara Guthrie Patterson Trust Mentored Research Award. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
N2 - Cross-linking of high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) results in the life-threatening allergic reaction anaphylaxis. Yet the cellular mechanisms that induce B cells to produce IgE in response to allergens remain poorly understood. T follicular helper (TFH) cells direct the affinity and isotype of antibodies produced by B cells. Although TFH cell–derived interleukin-4 (IL-4) is necessary for IgE production, it is not sufficient. We report a rare population of IL-13–producing TFH cells present in mice and humans with IgE to allergens, but not when allergen-specific IgE was absent or only low-affinity. These "TFH13" cells have an unusual cytokine profile (IL-13hiIL-4hiIL-5hiIL-21lo) and coexpress the transcription factors BCL6 and GATA3. TFH13 cells are required for production of high- but not low-affinity IgE and subsequent allergen-induced anaphylaxis. Blocking TFH13 cells may represent an alternative therapeutic target to ameliorate anaphylaxis.
AB - Cross-linking of high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) results in the life-threatening allergic reaction anaphylaxis. Yet the cellular mechanisms that induce B cells to produce IgE in response to allergens remain poorly understood. T follicular helper (TFH) cells direct the affinity and isotype of antibodies produced by B cells. Although TFH cell–derived interleukin-4 (IL-4) is necessary for IgE production, it is not sufficient. We report a rare population of IL-13–producing TFH cells present in mice and humans with IgE to allergens, but not when allergen-specific IgE was absent or only low-affinity. These "TFH13" cells have an unusual cytokine profile (IL-13hiIL-4hiIL-5hiIL-21lo) and coexpress the transcription factors BCL6 and GATA3. TFH13 cells are required for production of high- but not low-affinity IgE and subsequent allergen-induced anaphylaxis. Blocking TFH13 cells may represent an alternative therapeutic target to ameliorate anaphylaxis.
U2 - 10.1126/scirobotics.aax4316
DO - 10.1126/scirobotics.aax4316
JO - Science Robotics
JF - Science Robotics
M1 - aaw6433
Gowthaman U, Chen JS, Zhang B, Flynn WF, Lu Y, Song W et al. Identification of a T follicular helper cell subset that drives anaphylactic IgE. Science Robotics. 2019 Sep 18;4(34):aaw6433. doi: 10.1126/scirobotics.aax4316


The platform's first offering is $20 million in private equity in a USC student housing development.
San Francisco-based startup Harbor announced this week that it has launched its platform for tokenizing private securities like commercial real estate offerings and investment funds.
According to the announcement, Harbor's platform aims to address the security, compliance and ease-of-use requirements of institutional investors and asset owners.
The name of the game for Harbor is simplification. The new platform is designed to streamline the entire process from investor onboarding (e.g. KYC/AML, accreditation, tax forms, etc.) to the signing of documents and funding. This approach ultimately makes it faster, easier and more cost-effective to syndicate larger groups into the token investment.
With the Launch announcement, Harbor revealed the platform's first offering: $20 million in private equity in The Hub at Columbia, an off-campus student housing highrise serving the University of South Carolina. Harbor notes that the equity is divided into 955 shares (tokens) priced at $21,000 each.
Harbor raised $28 million last April and is backed by a number of notable investors, including Founders Fund, Andreessen Horowitz and Craft Ventures.


text:
Albert de Prusia (; ; n. 17 mai 1490 – d. 20 martie 1568) a fost al 37-lea și ultimul suveran Mare Maestru al Cavalerilor Teutoni și, după convertirea la luteranism, primul duce al Prusiei, care a fost primul stat care a adoptat credința luterană și protestantismul drept religie de stat. Albert s-a dovedit a avea un rol esențial în răspândirea politică a protestantismului în stadiu incipient.

Pentru că Albert a fost membru al ramurii Brandenburg-Ansbach a Casei de Hohenzollern, s-a sperat că alegerea sa ca Mare Maestru ar inversa declinul Cavalerilor Teutoni început cu anul 1410; Ducele Frederic de Saxonia din Casa de Wettin a fost ales din același motiv.

Note

Nașteri în 1490
Decese în 1568
Mari Maeștri ai Ordinului Teutonic
Casa de Hohenzollern
Persoane excomunicate de Biserica Romano-Catolică
Universitatea din Königsberg
Protestanți germani
Reforma Protestantă
Monarhi protestanți
Oameni din Ansbach

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home > Badminton > Travel > Saina Nehwal, Parupalli Kashyap and Sai Praneeth enjoy Dolphin Safari in Auckland
BadmintonTravel
Saina Nehwal, Parupalli Kashyap and Sai Praneeth enjoy Dolphin Safari in Auckland
by Kajol Vasandani May 3, 2019
written by Kajol Vasandani May 3, 2019
Saina Nehwal, Parupalli Kashyap and Sai Praneeth in Auckland, New Zealand (Photo Courtesy - Instagram/nehwalsaina)
Sports personalities, actors and other celebrities get to travel the world for their events but always miss out on the beautiful views around them. They are in a country or city only for professional purposes and do not generally get a chance to soak in the local surroundings.
Call it luck but things seemed to have kind of worked out for these Indian badminton players. After gruelling it on the badminton court at a stretch, it's time for some sight-seeing for Saina, Parupalli and Sai Praneeth. The New Zealand Open has not been kind to India's three badminton stars, Saina Nehwal, Parupalli Kashyap, and Sai Praneeth. Saina and Parupalli made their exits after the first rounds in their respective games.
Parupalli Kashyap and Saina Nehwal (Photo Courtesy – Instagram/nehwalsaina)
Saina Nehwal suffered a serious shock on Wednesday when she lost to China's Wang Zhiyi, 16-21, 23-21, 4-21. Parupalli could not beat Australia's Peter Yan in the second qualifying round and had to bow out. Meanwhile, Sai Praneeth did not make it past the pre-quarterfinal round against China's Lin Dan.
Auckland Whale and Dolphin Safari 👍 #aucklandwhaleanddolphinsafari 👌
A post shared by SAINA NEHWAL (@nehwalsaina) on May 2, 2019 at 6:59pm PDT
But the three decided to look at the positive side of things and hopped on a boat for a fun dolphin and whale safari while still in Auckland! Each of them took to their Instagram pages to post pictures and videos of the clear skies, blue seas and the sea animals making an appearance every few seconds.
Parupalli and Saina are married to each other. They tied the knot on 14 December 2018 in a private ceremony in Hyderabad.
Saina NehwalParupalli KashyapB. Sai Praneeth
Indian sports heroes who have been forgotten


calc files are using dates or times for all cells even when the cell has been assigned to money or numbers. Even new files are doing this. I was hoping in the updates it would be fixed, but it's not. I reuse files and even when the cell has had a number in it before it puts a date or time format in the cell instead. I want this to stop. How can I do so?
Can you edit your question and attach an example .ods file?
The entire sheet is formatted as H:MM time format, except cell range A3:A13 which is formatted as D-MMM.
Yes, but it does that even when I change it back to what it's supposed to be (date or money). It doesn't matter that I've tried to correct this problem. Also, I can change the format for the whole column, go down to where I want to put in the new information (or see the old information corrected) and it won't change.
The Default style has that number format set. Hit F11 or go to Style -> Manage Style, right click Default, go to tab Numbers, select Number General format, hit OK. See all your values change to raw numeric values in cells that don't have an explicit number format assigned. Apply number formats as needed or create styles derived from Default and apply those.


Was the area surrounding the intersection of US 42 and Gunpowder Road at the border of Florence and Union.
One of your tipsters mentions Sugartit, KY. It unfortunately no longer exists, but was the area surrounding the intersection of US 42 and Gunpowder Road at the border of Florence and Union, KY. The last remnants were the "Sugartit Asphalt" plant, which has since been removed/renamed.
May 2005: Tipster David Fisher pointed us to "A Brief History of Boone County" from the Kentucky Encyclopedia, which notes that Sugartit is an unincorporated town near Union and Florence, along with Beaverlick and Rabbit Hash.


Localisation and field formatting is now available throughout the mobile application. Date and number values are formatted throughout the app based on the set up data locale.
Fields with dates and numbers are formatted according to the field settings and timezone in the IOK file.
Abbreviations are now more accurate throughout the application.


text:
4 Cyril Gwynn, Bard of Gower
4. Cyril Gwynn (photos: Cyril Gwynn, Penrice castle) - 27 June 2015
Peninsular Gower can boast a major Poet in Vernon Watkins, a Folk Singer in Phil Tanner, and, though less well known, a Bard in Cyril Gwynn.
Born in Briton Ferry in January 1897, the eldest of twelve children, Cyril Gwynn grew up at Langland Bay Farm where his parents were tenants, until it was sold in 1906 to make way for Langland Bay golf course. He could speak the Gower dialect, and went to school in Newton and Mumbles.
After serving on mine-sweepers during the First World War, he married in 1922 and settled initially in Parkmill. At different times he worked as a farmer, steam-roller driver, and road mender in various Gower parishes.
When ploughing or working with horses he might compose verses about local matters. If he wrote them out they were rarely altered from what he had composed mentally, being intended to be recited rather than read.
One time when the entertainment booked for the Gower Inn could not come, Cyril Gwynn was persuaded to recite some of his rural poems. This led to him being regularly called upon to recite one or more of his "yarns" - after a ploughing match, at a harvest supper, when welcoming a new vicar, or at a wake. His subjects might be the village blacksmith, harvest prize-giving, the Penrice Castle Shoot, local characters, new road schemes - all delivered with a native wit, and often an ironic twist in the final line. He made some pithy comments on the changing face of farming, and on town dwellers' views of the countryside.
In 1928 Cyril Gwynn published a small booklet of 33 of his Gower yarns, but with no illusions of literary ability. He wrote "I now submit them as a truly rural product with no pretension to literary excellence or grammatical perfection". That year he was political agent for the unsuccessful Conservative candidate for Gower, and was offered a job on the 'Western Mail', which he declined.
But in the 1950s he moved from Gower. After ten years working as an engineer in Neath Abbey, he emigrated to Australia in 1964 for the sake of his wife's health, as two of their daughters had already settled there.
During his first visit back to Wales in 1975 (aged in his late seventies), Cyril Gwynn was still able to recite scores of his yarns, some having ten or twelve verses. J. Mansel Thomas, deputy headmaster of Bishop Gore School, had written about him in the 1951 Gower journal describing him as "The Bard of Gower". He persuaded him to let the Gower Society publish 'The Gower Yarns of Cyril Gwynn', containing 31 of his poems and including 12 from the 1928 publication. It was reprinted in 1989, and is a collection of narrative folk poems depicting a rural society that is no more.
The sentiments of another Welshman, W.H. Davies - 'What is life so full of care we have no time to stop and stare?' - are echoed in Cyril Gwynn's poem 'Contentment':
So save your pity, 'tis as well, he needs not it who labours,
And they who in the country dwell, lack neither life nor neighbours.
I have the birds, the flowers, the trees, beside my cottage door,
did you bit know the worth of these you would not count me poor.
For nature's beauty doth outweigh the pageantry of kings,
And I am quite content to stay here, near the heart of things.
The Bard of Gower died in Australia in 1988, aged ninety. The late Nigel Jenkins wrote an appreciation in that year's Gower journal and described Cyril Gwynn as an authentic bardd gwlad/folk poet, albeit using the English language.
3 Lewis Weston Dillwyn
3. Lewis Weston Dillwyn (photos: LW Dillwyn, Sw. Museum, Sketty Hall) – 20 June
On 2nd July the tenth of the recent blue plaques will be unveiled outside Sketty Hall. This is in memory of Lewis Weston Dillwyn, father of John Dillwyn Llewelyn of Penlle'r-gaer and of Lewis Llewelyn Dillwyn of Hendrefoilan House, and grandfather of Amy Dillwyn, whose own blue plaque stands on the promenade near the West Cross Inn.
L.W. Dillwyn was born in Ipswich in 1778, the eldest son of Pennsylvanian Quaker William Dillwyn, who had campaigned against slavery and who purchased Swansea's Cambrian Pottery in 1802 on behalf of his son. A keen botanist, L.W. Dillwyn employed William Weston Young there to illustrate Swansea ware with precise diagrams of plants in botanical details.
Through Dillwyn's marriage in 1807 to Mary Adams, daughter of Colonel Llewelyn of Penlle'r-gaer, their elder son (born in 1810) would inherit the estate when he reached the age of 21, on condition of taking on the additional surname Llewelyn: thus he became John Dillwyn-Llewelyn in 1831.
An eminent naturalist, L.W. Dillwyn published works on botany and conchology, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1804. "A Descriptive Catalogue of British Shells" was published in two volumes in 1817, and "Contributions towards a History of Swansea" in 1840. In this he mentions red deer antlers "said to have been found among stumps of trees on the wet sands between Swansea and Mumbles".
Dillwyn accompanied Miss Talbot of Penrice to Goat's Hole, Paviland, after human bones had been discovered in the cave in December 1822. He wrote to William Buckland, Oxford University's first Professor of Geology, inviting him to examine what became known as the "Red Lady of Paviland".
Dillwyn was High Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1818, represented Glamorgan as a Whig (Liberal) MP in the first reformed parliament from 1832, and became Mayor of Swansea seven years later. After living in Burrows Lodge, which used to stand by Swansea Museum, he moved to Penlle'r-gaer in 1817 until his elder son came of age. Then Dillwyn moved out to Sketty Hall, which he had purchased for £3,800 in 1831.
He was a founder member in 1835 of the Swansea Philosophical and Literary Society, which became the Royal Institution of South Wales, and built Swansea Museum six years later. For nearly twenty years until his death he was President of the Society, with his expertise being curator of the Natural History section. When the British Association for the Advancement of Science met in Swansea in 1848, Dillwyn was President of the Zoology and Botany section, while his son-in-law Henry De la Beche was President of the Geology section.
Dillwyn kept diaries from 1817 until 1852, just a few years before he died. These comprise 36 volumes held at the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth. Among other matters they deal with family and business concerns, his work as a naturalist, as well as his public duties as a magistrate and a member of parliament. Gerald Gabb has brought out a most readable edition of extracts of the diaries aimed at schools.
Dillwyn was not exempt from personal tragedy, for the death-bed scene of his young daughter was captured by the artist C.R. Leslie in 1829: the painting is in Swansea Museum.
In 1855 two of Swansea's most eminent citizens died within a few months of each other. Copper-master and MP John Henry Vivian of Singleton Abbey died on 10 February in his seventieth year, and Lewis Weston Dillwyn died on 31 August aged 77 at Sketty Hall. A later occupant of Sketty Hall was Vivian's youngest son, Richard Glynn Vivian, while it was L.W. Dillwyn's second son Lewis Llewelyn Dillwyn who succeeded J.H. Vivian as MP for Swansea and District from 1855.
2 Swansea trams
2. Swansea Trams (photos: Trams in the Uplands and Bryn Road) – 13 June 2015
The disruption seemed endless a few years ago when the layout of Swansea roads was being altered for the Metro or "Bendy Bus", especially along The Kingsway. It could hardly compare with the 1870s, however, when roads were being widened and rails laid to introduce horse-drawn trams. Later there was more disruption, though on a much smaller scale, when those tram rails were removed in 1937.
Street tramways had originated in the United States, prompting Britain's 1870 Tramways Act which encouraged the provision of urban public transport. The Swansea Improvements and Tramway Company was established in 1873, and empowered by an Act of Parliament a year later. The Company widened streets, demolished Island House at the top of Wind Street, constructed Alexandra Road and Prince of Wales Road, and widened Hafod Bridge.
From April 1878 horse-drawn trams ran north from the High Street to Morriston, and a few months later west to St Helens, later adding a route to Cwmbwrla. Each tramcar was pulled by a pair of horses, with three pairs being needed each day. The horse teams would be changed around midday, and again in the early evening. The tram depot was in lower St Helens Road, on the site of the present Crown Court, with stables, blacksmiths and a body shop. Initially ten tramcars were shipped in from North America, though tramcars were later assembled at the St Helen's Road depot. The busiest route was from Swansea High Street to the terminus at The Duke in Neath Road, Morriston.
The "Improvements" element in the Company's name allowed scope for building a place of entertainment, which opened in the newly-built Prince of Wales Road in 1888. Originally called the Swansea Pavilion it is now the Palace Theatre, in a sad state of dereliction.
But horse-drawn trams encountered problems with steep gradients, especially on the Cwmbwrla route, and passengers sometimes needed to alight and walk before a steep hill. In spite of objections it was hoped that steam locomotion would be the solution. Three Hughes Locomotive engines for use by the Mumbles Railway were brought into service, and housed in a new depot built at Cwmbwrla. There were even plans to use steam locomotion on the Morriston line, but after two years this method of transport was abandoned, for the steam engines were too unreliable. Additional horses were purchased to assist on the gradients.
The gradient problem was overcome when the Company was taken over by British Electric Traction, for in 1900 Swansea became the first town in Wales to use electric traction. The four initial routes were from High Street to Morriston, High Street to Cwmbwrla, along Alexandra Road to the Docks, and along Gower Street (now part of the Kingsway) to St Helen's. That route had no low bridges so it could use an open-top double-decker, but other routes were limited to single-decker tramcars.
With electrification there was a dramatic increase in passenger numbers, from 2.5 million for the last year of horse-drawn trams, to 4.5 million when they were electrified in 1900. Regular stopping places along the routes for boarding or leaving trams were now introduced, instead of the informal stopping arrangements with horse-drawn trams.
After the First World War motor buses were used to feed the tram routes from outlying districts, which indicated the future direction for urban public transport. The Company's directors formed the South Wales Transport Company, which in 1927 took over the parent company: this led inevitably to trams being replaced by motor buses. The final tram ran in June 1937 as the motor buses took over, foreshadowing a similar fate for the Mumbles Railway in January 1960, but that is another story.
1 Vernon Watkins
1. Morgan and Higgs (photos: Dylan, Vernon, Heatherslade plaque) - 6 June 2015
In these days of Kindle, television and the Internet, the specialist bookshop might not occupy such a vital position as it would have done in the 1930s for those seeking to widen their knowledge and further their interests.
Heathfield Road, now known as just Heathfield, runs off Mount Pleasant Hill. There was also a Heathfield Street, which following post-war reconstruction is now part of the Kingsway. It ran from the top of Union Street to the top of Portland Street, and contained at number 18 the premises of Morgan and Higgs, booksellers. In more recent years Peters Bookshop was at a similar site – 47, The Kingsway.
In 1935 the Morgan and Higgs bookshop was regularly visited during his lunch hour by 28 year-old Vernon Watkins, who worked at the St Helen's Road branch of Lloyds Bank. He had worked for the bank for ten years, though spending the first two at the branch in Butetown, Cardiff.
One February Monday Vernon was amazed to see in the window of the bookshop a display of a new book called "18 Poems" which prominently claimed to be by A LOCAL POET. He was unaware that there was anyone in Swansea other than himself writing poetry, so he went into the shop and looked at the volume, with no intention of buying it, before hurrying back to work. Dylan Thomas' first volume of poetry contained such poems as 'Especially when the October wind' and 'The force that through the green fuse drives the flower': like a moth attracted to a flame Vernon was drawn back each lunchtime that week to read more of the poems. Eventually on the Saturday afternoon (for banks were routinely open on Saturday mornings then), he purchased the book, before catching the Swan bus home to Pennard where he lived with his parents at Heatherslade (now a residential home), above Foxhole Bay.
The Watkins family used to attend Paraclete Congregational Chapel in Newton when they lived at Redcliffe (now demolished) in Caswell. Paraclete's minister was Rev. David Rees, married to one of Dylan's maternal aunts. By 1935 he was retired, but a chance meeting enabled Vernon to obtain Dylan's address. When he called at 5 Cwmdonkin Drive he found that Dylan was away in London, but Vernon left his phone number with Mrs Florence Thomas. Contact was established once Dylan returned to Swansea and the two poets met up, forming a friendship of mutual benefit.
Vernon encouraged Dylan to give titles to his poems, for those in "18 Poems" merely had numbers as with Mozart symphonies. Equally Dylan encouraged Vernon to renounce his earlier decision not to have his poems published. He had hitherto been content as a metaphysical poet to be unfashionable, with no expectation of public acclaim.
When Keidrych Rhys brought out a new magazine "Wales" in 1937, Dylan persuaded Vernon to let him send off two poems for inclusion. He did not tell Vernon that he had altered two words in the poem "Griefs of the Sea". When Vernon received his copy of the new publication he was very angry at Dylan's presumption. He went into Morgan and Higgs and altered every copy back to what he had originally written, and did similarly at Swansea's other major bookshop, W.H. Smith, then at 11 High Street. One wonders what response members of staff received at either bookshop when seeking to dissuade Vernon, for the determined and indignant bank worker was not to be thwarted from his task! After Vernon had made his feelings known to Dylan, cordial relations were subsequently re-established between the two poets.
The Morgan and Higgs premises were among those destroyed by aerial bombardment during the war.


text:
NGC 1253A est une galaxie spirale de type magellanique qui est située dans la constellation de l'Éridan à environ 83 millions d'années-lumière de la Voie lactée. Elle a été découverte par l'astronome germano-britannique William Herschel en 1784.
En compagnie de NGC 1253, NGC 1253A figure dans l'atlas de Halton Arp sous la cote Arp 279. La galaxie NGC 1253A est une galaxie compagne de NGC 1253.

Notes et références

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du NGC

Liens externes

 NGC 1253 sur spider.seds.org
 NGC 1253A sur la base de données LEDA
 NGC 1253A sur WikiSky
 PGC 12053 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

1253A
Constellation de l'Éridan
Galaxie spirale
Objet céleste découvert en 1784
Objet céleste découvert par William Herschel


Healthy hummus recipe made with pureed roasted vegetables and chickpeas.
Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in a frying pan [I like to use cast iron]. Once heated, add onion and garlic and sautée for 2-3 minutes on medium heat, mixing every minute or so to avoid burning.
Add celery, carrot, and red pepper. Cover and cook on medium-low heat for 4-5 minutes until carrots are tender.
In a blender combine reserved liquid, lemon juice, tahini, and olive oil. Top with sautéed veggies, potato, chickpeas, and salt.
Garnish with cumin and serve with crackers or vegetable sticks.


Oral isotretinoin is a highly effective treatment for severe acne, however it is associated with a number of adverse effects, including teratogenicity, increased blood lipids, and transient increases in liver enzymes.1 Baseline and ongoing monitoring of patients is essential for the safe use of isotretinoin. Isotretinoin can be prescribed by General Practitioners under Special Authority criteria. Prior to March 2009, isotretinoin was only available fully subsidised if prescribed by a registered dermatologist. This report summarises the testing recommendations for patients starting a course of isotretinoin using data from the Ministry of Health National Collections, between July 2011 and June 2012.
Between July 2011 and June 2012, 8750 primary care registered patients in New Zealand started a course of isotretinoin.* For this report, we defined a course of treatment as any number of dispensings of isotretinoin with no breaks greater than three months. Patients in this report may also have had previous courses of treatment with isotretinoin.
Since 2009, isotretinoin has been available for General Practitioners to prescribe, fully subsidised with Special Authority criteria. Between July 2011 and June 2012, over half of all dispensings of isotretinoin were prescribed by General Practitioners.
Are patients taking isotretinoin being monitored as recommended?
The current recommendations state that patients prescribed isotretinoin should have a full blood count, fasting lipids and liver function tests performed at baseline (see Note) and at least once during a 16 to 30 week course of isotretinoin.1 Only 47% of patients had all three baseline tests as recommended, and only 13% of patients had all three tests both before and during their course of isotretinoin treatment.
† Data for your practice includes prescribing by any health professional, including Dermatologists.
Baseline tests should ideally occur within one month prior to prescription of isotretinoin. However, given that this medicine is predominantly prescribed to a younger population with generally stable health parameters, we extended the time frame for baseline tests, for the purpose of this report. A patient was counted as having a baseline test if they had the test within one year before and three weeks after receiving a prescription for isotretinoin. This also encompasses those patients who are given a prescription and test request form at the same time.
* Testing data for Nelson Marlborough DHB area is incomplete and patients in this area have been excluded from our analysis. Data sources: Ministry of Health PHO Enrolment, Pharmaceutical and Laboratory Claims Collections (accessed Feb, 2013).
New Zealand Dermatological Society (NZDS). Isotretinoin. Available from: www.dermnetnz.org (accessed Feb, 2013).
Daphne Lee said: 22/11/2013 12:06:11 p.m.
For younger patients with child-bearing potential, exclusion of pregnancy prior to initiating treatment should also be factored in, on top of the baseline tests.


text:
Departments M - Q
Open Space and Recreation Plan Advisory Group
Open Space and Recreation Plan Update
The Town of Needham is undertaking the process of updating its Open Space and Recreation Plan (OSRP). The OSRP is a community-planning document that defines the Town's goals for reasonably preserving its natural resources and for maintaining adequate outdoor recreation opportunities. The Plan lays out a strategic framework for implementation consistent with community needs and desires by:
- Documenting the community's natural, recreational, and historical resources base;
- Identifying development trends that are likely to impact that resource base;
- Developing strategies to reasonably preserve and expand open space, natural, and recreational resources and opportunities;
- Prioritizing conservation and recreation needs
- Providing recommendations for reaching short and long term open space and recreation goals.
The first step in the process to update the Town's existing plan was the formation of an Advisory Group (AG) to guide the process. The AG, consisting of approximately forty (40) members, was formed in late August. In cooperation with the Town's consultant, the OSRP-AG will coordinate public information sessions, review existing materials, and collect and analyze data on residents' views on open space and recreation topics. The AG consists of representatives from multiple committees and also includes other stakeholders and interested parties.
The OSRP Update will be following the "Open Space and Recreation Planner's Workbook" (PDF), published by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Workbook summarizes the need for an up-to date Open Space and Recreation Plan, stating: Open Space and Recreation Plans allow a municipality to maintain and enhance all the benefits of open space that together make up much of the character of the community and protect the "green infrastructure" of the community. Planning this "green infrastructure" of water supply, land, working farms and forests, viable wildlife habitats, parks, recreation areas, trails, and greenways is as important to the economic future of a community as planning for schools, roads, water, and wastewater infrastructure.
If you would like more information, please email Matthew Varrell (Needham Director of Conservation). Alternately, you may contact Elisa Litchman in the Needham Office of Planning and Community Development at (781)-455-7550 x222.
Final Draft 2017 Open Space and Recreation Plan Update (PDF) - This document is currently under review by the Advisory Group and various Town boards. Any comments on the document should be submitted in writing to Matt Varrell by Friday, September 1st.
03.28.17 All Boards Meeting (PDF)
2007 OSRP Goals and Objectives (PDF)
2007 OSRP Five Year Action Plan (PDF)
11.16.2016 Public Forum Presentation (PDF)
AG Membership List
Open Space and Recreation Maps
Project Timeline (PDF)
ADA Surveys


text:
John Latham: Flat Time
As a pioneer of British conceptual art, John Latham (1921-2006) has exerted a powerful and lasting influence, not only on his peers but on generations of younger artists. Opening this spring at the Serpentine, London, is a new season celebrating the artist's diverse practice, achievements and overall philosophy. Beginning with a special exhibition, A World View, the programme showcases key examples of Latham's extraordinary output including sculpture, installation, painting, film, land art, engineering, found-object assemblage, performance and theoretical writing. An important part of Latham's practice was his proposed shift towards a time-based cosmology of events, away from a space-based framework of objects.
In the artist's eyes, 'flat time' expands across and beyond individual disciplines, aligning social, economic, political, psychological and physical structures. He saw the artist as holding up a mirror to society: an individual whose dissent from the norm could lead to a profound reconfiguration of reality. The exhibition at Serpentine highlights Latham's ideology through a selection of works that span his entire career: his iconic spray and roller paintings; onesecond drawings; the film piece Erth (1971); and Five Sisters (1976). To accompany the show, the artist's studio home in Peckham, Flat Time House, is open to the public, and is host to various workshops and key events. The house has been used as a gallery, residency space, and centre for research into Flat Time since Latham declared it a living sculpture in 2003. The John Latham archive is also housed here.
A key figure in the art world since the late 1940s, Latham has been associated with several national and international artistic movements, including the first phase of conceptual art in the 1960s. He was an essential contributor to the Destruction in Art Symposium of 1966, and also a co-founding member of the Artist Placement Group APG (1966-89), along with Barbara Steveni, Jeffrey Shaw, David Hall, Anna Ridley and Barry Flanagan. The APG initiative set out to expand the reach of art and artists into wider society through organisations of all kinds, at all levels and on a basis equivalent to any other specialist.
A World View is part of Serpentine's John Latham season. Speak, featuring Tania Bruguera, Douglas Gordon, Laure Prouvost and Cally Spooner, runs in dialogue with this show.
John Latham, A World View, 2 March – 21 May, Serpentine Gallery, Kensington Gardens, London W2 3XA.
Find out more www.serpentinegalleries.org.
For the latest news in contemporary art and culture, follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
1. John Latham Erth (1971) 25′, 16mm. Courtesy the estate of the artist.
Interview with Sarolta Bán, part of New Wave Photography, London
New Wave Photography returns to The Crypt Gallery. Organised by United Creativity, the event recognises the evolving talent of new artists from the CEE region. From 19 – 27 April.
Interview with Moisés Hernández, Creative Economy YCE Fashion & Design Award
Designer Moisés Hernández produces work influenced by his colours, traditions and textures of his hometown, Mexico City. Hernández was awarded the British Council's Creative Economy YCE Fashion and Design Award for his brand, Diario.
Peter Kardia
Peter Kardia was instrumental in his experimental teaching methodologies of the 1960s. In the show, From Floor to Sky at Ambika P3, 28 artists show their work juxtaposed from the past to the present.


The Irish School of Ecumenics provides research supervision across disciplinary fields which include the ethics and theology of conflict and peace; reconciliation; human rights and ethics in international affairs; interreligious dialogue and intercultural theology; ecumenical theology; gender issues; development and globalisation; the interplay of politics and religion etc. The ISE offers a structured PhD. Students work with their supervisor(s) over a four year period and are required to take a minimum of 10ECTS in taught modules to develop their research skills over the course of their studies. For further information see individual staff pages or contact Ms Helen Murphy at srpostgrad@tcd.ie.
Jean-Marie Mbombo celebrating his doctoral graduation with TCD Vice Chancellor Mary Robinson. Jean Marie's PhD concerned liberal peacebuilding in West Africa.
John Agberagba receives his Certificate in Innovation and Entrepreneurship from the TCD-UCD innovation academy. John's PhD thesis explored women's peacebuilding and human needs in the Benue Valley Nigeria. Erin Dyer and Federica deSisto at their PhD graduation.
Last updated 5 December 2018 by Irish School of Ecumenics (Email).


text:
Hungary would have to 'use force' to fend off new wave of migrants: PM
Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban talks to the media after casting his ballot during Hungary's local elections in Budapest, Hungary, October 13, 2019. REUTERS/Bernadett Szabo
17 Oct 2019 05:23PM
BUDAPEST: Hungary would have to "use force" at its southern border with Serbia to protect the European Union's frontier if Turkey delivers on a threat to open the gates for refugees through the Balkans towards Europe, Hungary's prime minister said.
Prime Minister Viktor Orban built a steel fence on Hungary's border with Serbia to seal off the Balkans route of migration, where hundreds of thousands of people marched through from the Middle East to Western Europe at the peak of the crisis in 2015.
The EU relies on Turkey to curb the arrival of refugees into Europe following a 2016 agreement to seal off the Aegean route after more than 1 million people entered the bloc.
Turkey, which hosts 3.6 million Syrian refugees, threatened to "open the gates" to allow those already in the country to head for Europe if the EU portrayed Turkey's incursion into northeast Syria negatively.
"The next weeks will decide what Turkey does with these people," Orban told private broadcaster HirTV in an interview late on Wednesday. "It can steer them in two directions: take them back to Syria or set them off towards Europe.
"If Turkey chooses the latter, these people will arrive at Hungary's southern border in huge masses," Orban said, adding that the EU, while criticising Ankara, should provide more funds to Turkey to help rebuild Syrian towns.
Orban, who has often been at loggerheads with Brussels over some of his policies affecting migrants, said currently there were about 90,000 people on the Balkans migration route and their ranks could swell to 100,000 shortly.
"If Turkey sets off further hundreds of thousands on top of this, then we will need to use force to protect the Hungarian border and the Serbian-Hungarian frontier and I do not wish for anyone that we should need to resort to that," Orban said.
Orban's nationalist government has forged close relations with Turkey, China and some ex-Soviet states in Middle Asia as part of an eastern opening initiative.
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan is due to come to Budapest for a visit early next month.


The Mishimoto MMRAD-RAM-10 Aluminum Performance Radiator for your 2010-2012 Dodge 6.7L Cummins is an ideal upgrade for the factory radiator. It was designed and engineered to maximize cooling efficiency, boost engine functions, and protect your truck from overheating.
Mishimoto has developed an aluminum performance radiator for the Dodge Ram 2500 with a 5.9L or 6.7L Cummins Engine. The Mishimoto performance aluminum radiator for the Dodge Ram is the ideal upgrade to the stock radiator.


The Fry list of 600 words are the most frequently used words for reading and writing. The words are listed in rank order. First Hundred Fry Phrases with High Frequency Words. Level 1 & 2 (pdf) Level 3 & 4 (pdf) Level 5 & 6 (pdf) Dolch Words. This list of 220 words, prepared by E.W. Dolch, generally make up from 50 to 75 percent of the reading material encountered by students. Listed in... High Frequency Word Lists 1 and 2 contain 1000 words in each,also referred as General Service List of English words (West, 1953). Many western researchers share a common consensus that the high frequency 2,000 words account for 85% and more of the written words in any text.
Please note: this list has not yet been sorted into lessons. It is arranged in approximate order of difficulty.


text:
Between February and April 1890 Van Gogh suffered a severe relapse. Depressed and unable to bring himself to write, he was still able to paint and draw a little during this time,[168] and he later wrote to Theo that he had made a few small canvases "from memory ... reminisces of the North".[169] Among these was Two Peasant Women Digging in a Snow-Covered Field at Sunset. Hulsker believes that this small group of paintings formed the nucleus of many drawings and study sheets depicting landscapes and figures that Van Gogh worked on during this time. He comments that this short period was the only time that Van Gogh's illness had a significant effect on his work.[170] Van Gogh asked his mother and his brother to send him drawings and rough work he had done in the early 1880s so he could work on new paintings from his old sketches.[171] Belonging to this period is Sorrowing Old Man ("At Eternity's Gate"), a colour study Hulsker describes as "another unmistakable remembrance of times long past".[90][172] His late paintings show an artist at the height of his abilities, according to the art critic Robert Hughes, "longing for concision and grace".[114]
The DVD release of the Dick Van Dyke Show started shipping October 21, 2003. I have been reading about how happy everyone is (even CERTAIN people) at finally getting their DVD on DVD. Many of you have followed the saga on this website and on various Message Boards about how I have tried for over four years to bring these DVD's to the public. Now it's a reality and I'm thrilled.
On 27 July 1890, aged 37, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest with a 7mm Lefaucheux à broche revolver.[186][187] There were no witnesses and he died 30 hours after the incident.[160] The shooting may have taken place in the wheat field in which he had been painting, or a local barn.[188] The bullet was deflected by a rib and passed through his chest without doing apparent damage to internal organs – probably stopped by his spine. He was able to walk back to the Auberge Ravoux, where he was attended to by two doctors, but without a surgeon present the bullet could not be removed. The doctors tended to him as best they could, then left him alone in his room, smoking his pipe. The following morning Theo rushed to his brother's side, finding him in good spirits. But within hours Vincent began to fail, suffering from an untreated infection resulting from the wound. He died in the early hours of 29 July. According to Theo, Vincent's last words were: "The sadness will last forever".[189][190][191][192]
In 2017, Van Dyke released his first solo album since 1963's "Songs I Like." The album, "Step (Back) In Time," was produced by Bill Bixler (who also played sax), with arrangements by Dave Enos (who also played bass) and features noted musicians John Ferraro (Drums), Tony Guerrero (Trumpet & Vocal duet), Mark LeBrun (Piano), Charley Pollard (Trombone) and Leslie Bixler (Vocals). "Step (Back) In Time" was released by BixMix Records and showcases Van Dyke in a jazz and big band setting on classic songs from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s.
In these series, Van Gogh was not preoccupied by his usual interest in filling his paintings with subjectivity and emotion; rather the two series are intended to display his technical skill and working methods to Gauguin,[134] who was about to visit. The 1888 paintings were created during a rare period of optimism for the artist. Vincent wrote to Theo in August 1888, "I'm painting with the gusto of a Marseillais eating bouillabaisse, which won't surprise you when it's a question of painting large sunflowers ... If I carry out this plan there'll be a dozen or so panels. The whole thing will therefore be a symphony in blue and yellow. I work on it all these mornings, from sunrise. Because the flowers wilt quickly and it's a matter of doing the whole thing in one go."[243]
Largely on the basis of the works of the last three years of his life, van Gogh is generally considered one of the greatest Dutch painters of all time. His work exerted a powerful influence on the development of much modern painting, in particular on the works of the Fauve painters, Chaim Soutine, and the German Expressionists. Yet of the more than 800 oil paintings and 700 drawings that constitute his life's work, he sold only one in his lifetime. Always desperately poor, he was sustained by his faith in the urgency of what he had to communicate and by the generosity of Theo, who believed in him implicitly. The letters that he wrote to Theo from 1872 onward, and to other friends, give such a vivid account of his aims and beliefs, his hopes and disappointments, and his fluctuating physical and mental state that they form a unique and touching biographical record that is also a great human document.
Van Dyke's start in television was with WDSU-TV New Orleans Channel 6 (NBC), first as a single comedian and later as emcee of a comedy program.[18][19][20] Van Dyke's first network TV appearance was with Dennis James on James' Chance of a Lifetime in 1954. He later appeared in two episodes of The Phil Silvers Show during its 1957–58 season. He also appeared early in his career on ABC's The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom and NBC's The Polly Bergen Show. During this time a friend from the Army was working as an executive for CBS television and recommended Van Dyke to that network. Out of this came a seven-year contract with the network.[21] During an interview on NPR's Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me! program, Van Dyke said he was the anchorman for the CBS morning show during this period with Walter Cronkite as his newsman.[22]


text:
It's time to make a radical offer to the old coalfields
By Mark Wallace
Follow @wallaceme
Ryan Bourne: A reassuringly conservative speech from Starmer's Shadow Chancellor. The Tories will need to up their game.
Even by Welsh Labour's standards, Drakeford's decision to slow the vaccine rollout is abysmal
Robert Largan: Cutting Council Tax would do more to level up than cutting Corporation Tax
Brandon Lewis: I am not neutral on Northern Ireland. I am unapologetically pro-Union.
David Gauke: The Covid paradox for Johnson: the nearer to normality we get, the more difficulties he'll have
The image above was among the most-shared on Twitter after last week's election. Yes, it's crude (and Mike Bird and Duncan Weldon have taken issue with it), but it is definitely the case that the old coalfields are one of the key remaining bastions of Labour support outside London.
That's an indictment of successive Conservative leaderships, to an extent. The Thatcher Government had no choice other than to fight and win the struggles of the 1980s, but it did have a choice about how to address the problems of the former coalfields once those struggles were won. Too often, perhaps as a result of the sheer intensity and bitterness of the strikes, the decision seems to have been to not to do all that much.
There were some exceptions, where attempts were made to replace the old industries which had been lost. The Nissan factory in Sunderland was built because Thatcher offered tax breaks and favourable land prices to the company to come to the UK. Thirty years on, it makes more cars than Italy and employs 6,000 people.
But elsewhere, the people living in the former pit villages (and shipyard towns and cities) continue to pay the price of the failure to heal the wounds of the 1980s. The Conservatives continue to lose out at the ballot box, too.
Now is the time to begin to set that right. We should establish Enterprise Zones targeted at each of the old coalfields, with sizeable tax exemptions for employers establishing themselves there and for employees entering work there.
It would be the right thing to do – a magnanimous step to publicly begin to set right the damage left by the battles of the '80s. Communities and lives would be improved in exactly the way Conservatives believe – through enterprise and work – instead of being put on indefinite hold as Labour prefer, through the welfare trap. People in these communities need and deserve the chance to improve their own lives, just like anyone else. How better to act on both the aims of the Northern Economic Powerhouse and the principles of One Nation Toryism?
But there are good political reasons to do it, too.
Consider the words of Lord Ashcroft in his presentation to our conference on Monday:
"…voters for whom choosing the best Prime Minister was the single most important factor chose the Conservatives by a landslide. The same is true among those for whom the biggest priority was choosing the most competent government. But among voters for whom the single biggest driver was the parties' motives and values, Labour pipped it. In other words, "competence voters" went with the Tories and "values voters", albeit by a smaller margin, went with Labour. For me, this prompts the thought: why can't we have both?"
It is undeniable that despite our recent victory many people doubt or actively fear Conservative motives. There has been detailed analysis of some of these groups – younger voters, ethnic minority voters, urban voters, public sector voters – but little attention has been paid to the old mining communities, one of the most pronounced strongholds of anti-Conservative feeling.
Radical action targeted at such groups of voters will never be an instant political fix, and it would be foolish to expect any policy to dispel deep-seated suspicion and dislike overnight. The only route is to do something so radical, so unexpected and so surprising that it begins – just begins – to win you the right to be reconsidered. That wouldn't be done with the expectation of new votes tomorrow, next year or even in a decade, but it would offer at least a chance to reset our relationship with large numbers of voters over the long term.
It would be a direct challenge to Labour's dominance in some of its heartlands. Would its MPs welcome such action, conceding that Tories aren't all evil after all, or would they try to fight it, placing party colours above the best interests of their constituents? Either way, it would be revealing.
The election results in the lands once ruled by King Coal mask a structural weakness on Labour's part. Old loyalties are breaking down (eroded by disinterested and distant "representatives", agendas that seem irrelevant to local voters and a tendency to take people for granted, as in the 2004 Regional Assembly Referendum in the North East), but no-one else has stepped into the gap, leaving Labour still winning but on lower turnouts. The beneficiaries so far have largely been "Did not vote" and, in some places, UKIP.
Last week's result provides a triple opportunity – to hasten the recovery for some of the poorest people in the country, to devastate the Labour Party on its own turf and to recast the reputation of Conservatism in Britain. Let's do all three by acting in a way our opponents least expect.
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90 comments for: It's time to make a radical offer to the old coalfields
Meirion Jenkins: The Conservatives have a real chance to win in Birmingham January 21, 2021


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}

The discovery of the first strange meson by Rochester and Butler~\cite{Roc47}
marked the beginning of a new era in subatomic physics. Since then
a great deal has been learned about the strong and electroweak interactions of
mesons and baryons. However, our knowledge of their spatial structure
is still rather limited. In contrast to the $N$ and $\Delta$,
which have been investigated with increasing
precision~\cite{jon00,Ber03,kel02},
little is known about the spatial structure of their strange siblings
with whom they form the octet and decuplet baryon families.
For example, while proton and neutron
charge radii were already measured half a century ago~\cite{cha56},
a first determination of the
$\Sigma^-$ charge radius has only recently become
possible~\cite{Esc01}. Up until now, there have been no experiments
that pertain to the shape of hyperons~\cite{Poc03}.
In addition, with respect to theory we are still lacking
a thorough understanding of the structure of most hadrons.
Various model calculations of hyperon charge radii~\cite{chargeradcalc}
and quadrupole moments~\cite{quadmomcalc} differ considerably in their
predictions. The reasons for these differences are often unclear.
To gain a better understanding,
we investigate to what extent these structural features
are determined by the symmetries of the strong interaction.

\section{Strong interaction symmetries}
\label{sec:symmetry}

Invariance of the strong interaction under SU(2) isospin
transformations leads to isospin conservation and the appearance
of degenerate hadron multiplets with fixed isospin, such as
the pion triplet and nucleon doublet.
In the 1950s numereous new meson and baryon isospin multiplets
were discovered~\cite{Pai86}.
The unusually long lifetime of these new particles
(fast production but slow decay) was explained by Pais, Gell-Mann, and
Nishijima~\cite{Gel53} by invoking a new symmetry principle and
additive quantum number called `strangeness'.
The latter was assumed to be
conserved in strong and electromagnetic interactions (production)
but violated in weak interactions (decay), thus explaining the
long lifetimes of strange hadrons.

Further considerations led Gell-Mann to propose
that strong interactions conserve not only isospin and strange\-ness,
but are also invariant under the higher SU(3) flavor
symmetry~\cite{Gel64} which ties isospin multiplets with
different isospin $T$ and strangeness $S$ to larger degenerate
multiplets of particles with the same spin ${\bf J}$ and parity $P$, e.g.,
to octets and decuplets (see Fig.~\ref{fig:su3}). It was soon recognized
that these higher multiplets emerge because baryons are composed
of the same spin 1/2 flavor triplet quarks, which are merely coupled to a
different total spin and flavor.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\resizebox{0.45\textwidth}{!}{
\includegraphics{unitary_multiplets3.eps}}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
\caption{\label{fig:su3}
SU(3) flavor octet and decuplet of ground-state baryons characterized by their
strangeness $S$ (vertical axis) and isospin component $T_3$
(horizontal axis). }
\end{figure}
An even higher strong interaction symmetry is SU(6)
spin-flavor symmetry, which unites the spin 1/2 flavor octet baryons
($2 \times 8$ states), and the
spin 3/2 flavor decuplet baryons ($4 \times 10$ states)
into a common {\bf 56}-dimensional mass degenerate
supermultiplet~\cite{Gur64,Beg64}.
There are numerous successful predictions based on SU(6) spin-flavor
symmetry.
For example, while SU(3) flavor symmetry alone does not suffice to
uniquely determine the ratio of proton and neutron magnetic moments,
SU(6) spin-flavor symmetry~\cite{Beg64} leads to the prediction
$\mu_p/\mu_n=-3/2$, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental
result -1.46. Another example is the G\"ursey-Radicati
mass formula~\cite{Gur64} which explains why the Gell-Mann Okubo mass
formula works so well for both octet and decuplet baryons with the same
numerical coefficients. Without an underlying spin-flavor symmetry this would
remain mysterious.

Thus, SU(6) is a good symmetry in baryon physics, and the question
arises whether it is a symmetry of quantum chromodynamics.
In an $1/N_c$ expansion, where $N_c$ denotes the number of
colors, it has been shown that QCD possesses a spin-flavor symmetry which
is exact in the large $N_c$ limit~\cite{sak84,das95}. For finite
$N_c$, spin-flavor symmetry breaking operators can be classified
according to the powers of $1/N_c$ associated with them.
It turns out that higher orders of spin-flavor symmetry breaking
are suppressed by correspondingly higher powers of $1/N_c$.
This leads to a perturbative expansion scheme
for QCD processes that works at all energy scales and
provides a connection between broken SU(6) spin-flavor symmetry
and the underlying quark-gluon dynamics~\cite{Wit79,leb98}.

\section{Method}

Alternatively, for $N_c=3$ we may use a straightforward model-independent
parametrization method developed by Morpurgo~\cite{Mor89},
which incorporates SU(6) symmetry
and its breaking similar to the $1/N_c$ expansion.
The basic idea is to {\it formally} define, for the observable at
hand, a QCD operator $\Omega$ and QCD eigenstates $\vert B \rangle$
expressed explicitly
in terms of quarks and gluons. The corresponding matrix element
can, with the help of the unitary operator $V$, be reduced to an
evaluation in the basis of auxiliary three-quark states
$\vert\Phi_B \rangle $
\begin{equation}
\label{map}
\left \langle B \vert \Omega \vert B \right \rangle =
\left \langle \Phi_B \vert
V^{\dagger}\Omega V \vert \Phi_B \right \rangle =
\left \langle W_B \vert
{ {\cal O}} \vert W_B \right \rangle \, .
\end{equation}
The auxiliary states $\vert \Phi_B \rangle$
are pure three-quark states with orbital angular momentum
$L=0$.  The spin-flavor wave functions~\cite{Lic78}
contained in $\vert \Phi_B \rangle$ are denoted by $\vert W_B\rangle $.
The operator $V$ dresses the pure three-quark
states with $q\bar q$ components and gluons and
thereby generates
the exact QCD eigenstates $\vert B \rangle $. Furthermore,
it is implied that $V$
contains a Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation allowing the
auxiliary states to be written in terms of Pauli spinors.

One then writes the most general expression for the operator
${ {\cal O}}$ that is
compatible with the space-time and inner QCD symmetries.
Generally, this is a sum of one-, two-, and three-quark
operators in spin-flavor space multiplied by {\it a priori} unknown constants
which parametrize the orbital and color space
matrix elements.
Empirically, a hierarchy in the importance
of one-, two-, and three-quark operators is found.
This fact can be understood
in the $1/N_c$ expansion where
two- and three-quark operators describing second and third
order SU(6) symmetry breaking
are usually suppressed by powers of $1/N_c$ and $1/N_c^2$ respectively,
compared to one-quark operators associated with first order symmetry breaking.
The method has been used to calculate various properties of
baryons and mesons~\cite{Mor89,Mor99,Mor01,Hen02}.
In the next section, we apply it
to baryon charge radii and quadrupole moments.

\section{Observables}
\label{sec:observables}

Information on baryon structure is contained
in the charge monopole form factor $G_{C0}(q^2)$, where $q^2$
is the four-mo\-men\-tum transfer of the virtual photon.
In the Breit frame,
the Fourier transform of $G_{C0}(q^2)$ corresponds to
the charge density $\rho({r})$, describing the {\it radial} dependence
of the bary\-on charge distribution.
Its lowest radial moment is the baryon charge radius $r^2_B$.

However, the charge density need not be spherically symmetric,
i.e., in general $\rho({\bf r}) \ne \rho(r)$. The geometric shape of a baryon
is determined by its intrinsic quadrupole moment~\cite{Hen01},
which can be inferred from the observable spectroscopic quadrupole moment
$Q_B$.
The latter corresponds to the charge quadrupole form factor $G_{C2}(q^2)$
at zero momentum transfer.
For spin 1/2 baryons, which do not have a spectroscopic quadrupole moments
due to angular momentum selection rules, one may still obtain
information on their intrinsic quadru\-pole
moments from measurements of electric $(E2)$ and Coulomb $(C2)$ quadru\-pole
transitions to excited states~\cite{Ber03}.

The lowest moments of the charge density operator
${\rho}$ are obtained from a multipole expansion at low momentum transfers.
Up to $q^2$ contributions one has
\begin{equation}
\rho(q) =
e - \frac{q^2}{6} \, {r}^2
- \frac{q^2}{6} {\cal Q} + \cdots
\end{equation}
The first two terms arise from the spherically symmetric monopole
part, while the third term is obtained from the quadrupole
part of $\rho$. They characterize the total charge ($e$),
spatial extension ($r^2$), and shape (${\cal Q}$) of the system.

\subsection{Charge radii}
\label{subsec:radii}

According to the method outlined in the previous section,
the charge radius operator can be expressed
as a sum of one-, two-, and three-quark terms in spin-flavor space as
\begin{equation}
\label{para1}
{r}^2 =  A \sum_{i=1}^3 e_i {\bf 1} +
B\sum_{i \ne j}^3 e_i \, \xbf{\sigma}_i \cdot \xbf{\sigma}_j  +
C\!\! \sum_{i \ne j \ne k }^3 e_k \, \xbf{\sigma}_i \cdot \xbf{\sigma}_j,
\end{equation}
where
$e_i=(1 + 3 \tau_{i \, z})/6$ and $\xbf{\sigma}_i$ are
the charge and spin of the i-th quark.
Here, $\tau_{i \, z}$ denotes the $z$ component of the Pauli isospin matrix.
These are the only allowed spin scalars that can be constructed from the
generators of the spin-flavor group~\cite{comment2}.
The constants $A$, $B$, and $C$
parametrizing the orbital and color matrix elements
are determined from experiment.

\begin{table}[t]
\begin{tabular}{ l | l }
                &                     \\
\hline
$n$             & $\phantom{A}-2B+4C$      \\
$p$             & $ A -6C$   \\
$\Sigma^{-}$    & $[A(2+\zeta) + 2(B+C) (1-2\zeta-2\zeta^2)]/3 $   \\
$\Sigma^{0}$    & $[A(1-\zeta) +
B(1-2\zeta+4\zeta^2) -2C(1+\zeta+\zeta^2)]/3$ \\
$\Lambda^{0}$   & $A(1-\zeta)/3 -B + 2C $ \\
$\Lambda\Sigma$ & $ \phantom{A +}
-\sqrt{3} (B \zeta  -C(\zeta+\zeta^2))$  \\
$\Sigma^{+}$    & $[A(4-\zeta) + 4B(1 -2\zeta +\zeta^2)
-2C(1 +4\zeta+4\zeta^2)]/3 $ \\
$\Xi^{-}$       & $[A(1+2\zeta) - 2(B+C)(2\zeta + 2\zeta^2 -\zeta^3)]/3$  \\
$\Xi^{0}$ &    $[A(2-2\zeta) -
2B(4\zeta-2\zeta^2+\zeta^3) +4C(\zeta+\zeta^2+\zeta^3)]/3$ \\
\hline
\hline
$\Delta^-$      & $ A +2B +2C$   \\
$\Delta^{0}$    & $0$   \\
$\Delta^{+}$    &  $ A +2B +2C $    \\
$\Delta^{++}$   & $ A +2B +2C $   \\
$\Sigma^{\ast -}$ & $[A(2+\zeta) + 2(B+C)(1 +\zeta +\zeta^2)]/3$ \\
$\Sigma^{\ast 0}$ & $[A(1-\zeta) +
B(1 +\zeta -2\zeta^2) -C(2 -\zeta-\zeta^2)]/3 $ \\
$\Sigma^{\ast +}$ & $[A(4-\zeta)+ 2B(2 +2\zeta -\zeta^2)
-2C(1 -2\zeta-2\zeta^2)]/3 $ \\
$\Xi^{\ast -}$   & $[A(1+2\zeta) + 2(B+C)(\zeta + \zeta^2 +\zeta^3)]/3$  \\
$\Xi^{\ast 0}$ & $[A(2-2\zeta) +
2B(2\zeta-\zeta^2-\zeta^3) -2C(\zeta+\zeta^2-2\zeta^3)]/3$\\
$\Omega^{-}$ & $ A\zeta +2(B+C)\zeta^3$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace{0.2cm}
\caption[chargeradii]{\label{tab:baryonradii} Baryon charge radii
denoted by the particle symbols with one-quark $(A)$, two-quark ($B$),
and three-quark ($C$) contributions. Flavor symmetry breaking
is characterized by the ratio of u-quark and s-quark masses $\zeta=m_u/m_s$.
The flavor symmetry limit is obtained for $\zeta=1$.}
\end{table}

To estimate the degree of SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking
we insert in Eq.(\ref{para1}) a linear and cubic quark mass dependence as
\begin{equation}
\label{su3break}
{\bf 1} \, \rightarrow {\bf 1} \, \, (m_u/m_s),  \qquad
\xbf{\sigma}_{i} \cdot \xbf{\sigma}_{j}  \rightarrow  \xbf{\sigma}_{i} \cdot
\xbf{\sigma}_{j} \, \, m_u^3/(m_i^2 m_j).
\end{equation}
These replacements are motivated by the different charge radii of up- and
strange quarks and the flavor depen\-dence
of the gluon exchange current diagram~\cite{Hen02}.
Flavor symmetry breaking is then characterized by the ratio
$\zeta=m_u/m_s$ of $u$ and $s$ quark masses. The latter is
determined from the magnetic moment of the $\Lambda$ hyperon.
Our treatment of flavor symmetry breaking is not exact.
Improvements are possible by introducing
additional operators and constants
in Eq.(\ref{para1}). However, there would then be so
many undetermined constants
that the theory can no longer make predictions. We expect that our
approximate treatment of flavor symmetry breaking captures the most important
physical effects.
We use the same mass for $u$ and $d$ quarks
to preserve the SU(2) isospin symmetry of the strong interaction
that is known to hold to a very good accuracy.
\begin{table}[htb]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ l|  r | r | r }
 &   $(a)$ &  $(b)$ & $(c)$ \\
 \hline
$n$    &    -0.116       & -0.116 & -0.116       \\
$p$     &    0.779       &  0.779  & 0.779     \\
$\Sigma^{-}$  & 0.610        & 0.641 & 0.672    \\
$\Sigma^{0}$  & 0.122        & 0.125  & 0.128 \\
$\Lambda^{0}$  & 0.035        & 0.043 & 0.050   \\
$\Lambda^{0}\Sigma^0$ & -0.058 &  -0.062 & -0.066     \\
$\Sigma^{+}$  & 0.855        &  0.891  & 0.928 \\
$\Xi^{-}$     & 0.501        &  0.510 & 0.520  \\
$\Xi^{0}$     & 0.120        &0.126  & 0.132 \\
\hline
\hline
$\Delta^{-}$    & 0.783           & 0.895  & 1.011       \\
$\Delta^{0}$     & 0          &      0    & 0\\
$\Delta^{+}$     & 0.783          & 0.895 & 1.011     \\
$\Delta^{++}$     & 0.783         & 0.895  & 1.011 \\
$\Sigma^{\ast -}$ &  0.669        &  0.756 & 0.845  \\
$\Sigma^{\ast 0}$  & 0.108       &  0.117 & 0.127 \\
$\Sigma^{\ast +}$  & 0.869        & 0.988 & 1.086    \\
$\Xi^{\ast -}$     & 0.561        & 0.625 & 0.692   \\
$\Xi^{\ast 0}$    &  0.206        & 0.225 & 0.244 \\
$\Omega^-$        & 0.457         & 0.504 & 0.553 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace{0.2cm}
\caption[charadnum]{\label{tab:baryonradiinum}
Numerical charge radii in [fm$^2$]
according to Table~\ref{tab:baryonradii}.
We use the measured charge radii
$r^2_n=-0.1161(22)$ fm$^2$~\cite{Eid04},
$r^2_p=0.779(25)$ fm$^2$~\cite{Ros00}, and $\zeta=0.613$ as input.
Three different values for $r^2_{\Sigma^-}$ are used as input:
$r^2_{\Sigma^-}=0.61(21)$ fm$^2$~\cite{Esc01} (a),
$r^2_{\Sigma^-}=0.64$ fm$^2$ (b),
and $r^2_{\Sigma^-}=0.67$ fm$^2$ (c).}
\end{center}
\end{table}

Baryon charge radii are then calculated by evaluating
matrix elements of the operator in Eq.(\ref{para1})
including the substitutions in Eq.(\ref{su3break}) between three-quark
spin-flavor wave functions $\vert W_B \rangle$
\begin{equation}
r_B^2 = \langle W_B \vert {r}^2 \vert W_B \rangle .
\end{equation}
For charged baryons, $r^2_B$
is normalized by dividing by the baryon charge.
The results for octet and decuplet baryons are summarized in
Table~\ref{tab:baryonradii}. The two- and three-quark results
agree with those in Ref.~\cite{Buc03} for $N_c=3$
after obvious redefinition of the constants.

From Table~\ref{tab:baryonradii} one readily observes
that in the SU(6) symmetry limit all ground state bary\-ons
have the same charge radius $r^2_B=A\, e $, where $e$ is the baryon charge.
In particular, the charge radii of the neutral baryons are zero.
Inclusion of the spin-dependent two- and three-quark operators break
SU(6) spin-flavor symmetry and split
the charge radii of octet and decuplet baryons by decreasing the former
and increasing the latter, e.g.
\begin{equation}
r^2_{\Sigma^{*\, -}} - r^2_{\Sigma^-}
=  r^2_{\Xi^{*\, -}} - r^2_{\Xi^-}
= 2 (B+C) (\zeta + \zeta^2) > 0.
\end{equation}
Another consequence is that
the neutral octet charge radii are definitely nonzero.
If third order SU(6) symmetry breaking, i.e. the $C$ term,
can be neglected,
the following relation holds~\cite{Mor99,Buc97}
\begin{equation}
r^2_{\Delta^+}  -  r^2_{p}  =  -r^2_{n},
\end{equation}
which shows that the octet-decuplet charge radius splitting is of the same
order as the neutron charge radius.

Because there are 19 experimental charge radii (8 diagonal octet,
1 transition octet, and 10 diagonal decuplet) and 3 constants,
Table~\ref{tab:baryonradii} contains 16 relations among the baryon
charge radii, some of which are independent of the SU(3) symmetry breaking
parameter $\zeta$ and thus hold irrespective of how
badly SU(3) flavor symmetry is broken. An example of the latter type
is the $\Sigma$ equal spacing rule,
\begin{equation}
\label{sigmaequalspacingrule}
r^2_{\Sigma^+} - r^2_{\Sigma^-} = 2 \, r^2_{\Sigma^0}, \qquad
r^2_{\Sigma^{\ast +}} - r^2_{\Sigma^{\ast -}} = 2 \, r^2_{\Sigma^{\ast 0}},
\end{equation}
which is already a consequence of the assumed isospin symmetry.
Another example is the equal spacing rule for decuplet charge radii
\begin{equation}
\label{equalspacingrule}
3\, (r^2_{\Xi^{\ast -}} - r^2_{\Sigma^{\ast -}}) = r^2_{\Omega^{\ast -}}
-r^2_{\Delta^{\ast -}},
\end{equation}
which the reader may easily verify using
Table~\ref{tab:baryonradii}. Analogous relations
hold for baryon quadrupole moments~\cite{Hen02}.

To make numerical predictions, we express the three
parameters $A$, $B$, and $C$ in Eq.(\ref{para1}) in terms of the three
measured charge radii
$r^2_p$,  $r^2_n$, and $r^2_{\Sigma^-}$ using the results in
Table~\ref{tab:baryonradii}
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{gpconstants}
A(3-\zeta -2\zeta^2)\! \!& = & \! \!(1-2\zeta -2\zeta^2) (r_p^2 -r_n^2)
+ 3r_{\Sigma^-}^2,  \nonumber \\
-3B(3-\zeta -2\zeta^2) \! \! & = & \! \! (2 +\zeta)r_p^2
+ \frac{1}{2}( 7+ \zeta -2\zeta^2)r_n^2
- 3\, r_{\Sigma^-}^2,  \nonumber \\
-6C(3-\zeta -2\zeta^2) \! \! & = & \! \!(2 +\zeta)r_p^2
- \frac{1}{2}( 2 -4\zeta - 4\zeta^2)r_n^2
- 3r_{\Sigma^-}^2. \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
With the experimental radii and $\zeta=0.613$ we obtain
$A=0.723$ fm$^2$, $B=0.039$ fm$^2$, $C=-0.009$ fm$^2$
and the numerical results
shown in Table~\ref{tab:baryonradiinum} (a).
For comparison, we also use
$r^2_{\Sigma^-}=0.64 (0.67)$ fm$^2$ as input, which
leads to $A=0.779 (0.873)$ fm$^2$, $B=0.058 (0.077)$ fm$^2$,
$C=0 (0.010)$ fm$^2$, and the results labelled (b) and (c) in
Table~\ref{tab:baryonradiinum}.
Thus, while the constant $B>0$ is fixed by the negative neutron
charge radius, the sign of $C$ cannot be reliably determined.
In any case, the $C$ term is definitely smaller
than the $B$ term by at least a factor of $1/N_c$.
\begin{table}[b]
\begin{tabular}{l | l}
\hline
$n\to \Delta^0$  &  $2\sqrt{2}(B'-2C')$       \\
$p\to \Delta^+$   & $2\sqrt{2}(B'-2C')$  \\
$\Sigma^- \to \Sigma^{\ast -}$ & $-\sqrt{2} \, (2B'+2C')\,
(2-\zeta-\zeta^2)/3$    \\
$\Sigma^0 \to \Sigma^{\ast 0}$ &
$\sqrt{2} [2B'(2-\zeta+2\zeta^2)-2C'(4 + \zeta +\zeta^2)]/6 $ \\
$\Lambda^0 \to \Sigma^{\ast 0}$ & $\sqrt{6}[2B'
\zeta - 2C'(\zeta + \zeta^2)]/2 $  \\
$\Sigma^+ \to \Sigma^{\ast +}$ & $2\sqrt{2}\, \lbrack B' \,(4-2\zeta+\zeta^2)
- 2C' \,(1+\zeta +\zeta^2) \rbrack /3 $ \\
$\Xi^- \to \Xi^{\ast -}$ & $-\sqrt{2} \,(2B'+2C')\,
(\zeta+\zeta^2-2\zeta^3)/3$ \\
$\Xi^0 \to \Xi^{\ast 0}$ &
$\sqrt{2}[2B'(2\zeta -\zeta^2 + 2\zeta^3)
-2C'(\zeta + \zeta^2 + 4\zeta^3)]/3$ \\
\hline
\hline
$\Delta^{-}$      & $ -4B' -4C'$    \\
$\Delta^{0}$      &     0         \\
$\Delta^{+}$      & $4B' +  4C'$     \\
$\Delta^{++}$     & $8B' + 8C'$     \\
$\Sigma^{\ast -}$ & $-(4B'+4C') (1+\zeta+\zeta^2)/3 $      \\
$\Sigma^{\ast 0}$ & $ [2B' (1+\zeta-2\zeta^2) - 2C'(2-\zeta-\zeta^2)]/3$   \\
$\Sigma^{\ast +}$ & $ [4B'(2 + 2\zeta -\zeta^2) -4C'(1-2\zeta-2\zeta^2)]/3$  \\
$\Xi^{\ast -}$    &  $-(4B'+4C')(\zeta + \zeta^2 +\zeta^3)/3$     \\
$\Xi^{\ast 0}$    & $[4B'(2\zeta-\zeta^2-\zeta^3)
-4C'(\zeta+\zeta^2-2\zeta^3)]/3$ \\
$\Omega^-$        & $-(4B' + 4C')\zeta^3 $          \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption[C2 moments]{\label{tab:quadmo}
Transition and diagonal baryon quadrupole moments
denoted by the particle symbols with two-quark (B') and three-quark (C')
contributions. From Ref.~\cite{Hen02}.}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[b]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l | r | r | r}
 &   $(a)$ &  $(b)$ & $(c)$ \\
\hline
$n\to \Delta^0$  &  $-0.082$   & -0.082 & -0.082    \\
$p\to \Delta^+$   & $-0.082$  & -0.082 & -0.082 \\
$\Sigma^- \to \Sigma^{\ast -}$ & $0.014$ & 0.028 & 0.042   \\
$\Sigma^0 \to \Sigma^{\ast 0}$ &  $-0.031$ & -0.029 & -0.028 \\
$\Lambda^0 \to \Sigma^{\ast 0}$ & $-0.041$ &-0.044 & -0.046  \\
$\Sigma^+ \to \Sigma^{\ast +}$ & $-0.076$ & -0.086 & -0.097\\
$\Xi^- \to \Xi^{\ast -}$ & $0.007$ & 0.014 &  0.022\\
$\Xi^0 \to \Xi^{\ast 0}$ & $ -0.033 $ & -0.036 & -0.039\\
\hline
\hline
$\Delta^{-}$      & $ 0.060$  &  0.116 &   0.174 \\
$\Delta^{0}$      &     $0$  & 0  &    0 \\
$\Delta^{+}$      & $-0.060$  & -0.116  &    -0.174\\
$\Delta^{++}$     & $-0.120$  & -0.232  &  0.348 \\
$\Sigma^{\ast -}$ & $ 0.039$ & 0.077 &   0.115   \\
$\Sigma^{\ast 0}$ & $ 0.014$ & -0.017 &  -0.019 \\
$\Sigma^{\ast +}$ & $-0.069$ & -0.110& -0.153  \\
$\Xi^{\ast -}$    &  $0.024$ & 0.047 &  0.071   \\
$\Xi^{\ast 0}$    & $-0.019$ & -0.023 & -0.029\\
$\Omega^-$        & $0.014$  & 0.027 &  0.040      \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption[C2 momentsnum]
{\label{tab:quadmonum}
Numerical quadrupole moments in [fm$^2$] according
to Table~\ref{tab:quadmo}
using the parameter sets (a)-(c) of sect.~\ref{subsec:radii}.}
\end{center}
\end{table}

Table~\ref{tab:baryonradiinum} shows that octet baryon charge radii
are ordered  as $r^2_{\Sigma^+}\! >
\!r^2_{p} \!> \!r^2_{\Sigma^-} \!> \!r^2_{\Xi^-}$.
For decuplet baryons one finds
$r^2_{\Sigma^{\ast +}} \!> \!r^2_{\Delta^+}\! > \!r^2_{\Sigma^{\ast -}}
\! > \!r^2_{\Xi^{\ast -}} \!> \! r^2_{\Omega^-}$. In both flavor multiplets
the decrease in each step is of order $\vert r^2_n\vert$.
Note that only $r^2_n$ and $r^2_{\Lambda \Sigma}$
are negative~\cite{comment5}.  With respect to the size of
SU(6) symmetry breaking, we obtain for the parameter sets (a)-(c)
a relative charge radius splitting
$(r^2_{\Delta^+} -r^2_{p})/[(r^2_{\Delta^+} +r^2_{p})/2]$ of $0.5\%$, $14\%$,
and $26\%$. For $r^2_{\Sigma^-}=0.91(36)$ fm$^2$~\cite{Esc01}
(WA89 experiment) the splitting would
be 83$\%$, which is too large, if the relative octet-decuplet splitting
for charge radii and masses is similar, as we expect.

\subsection{Quadrupole moments}
\label{subsec:quadmom}
The charge quadrupole operator is composed of a two- and three-body term
in spin-flavor space
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{para2}
{\cal Q}  & = & B'\sum_{i \ne j}^3 e_i
\left ( 3 \sigma_{i \, z} \sigma_{ j \, z} -
\xbf{\sigma}_i \cdot \xbf{\sigma}_j \right ) \nonumber \\
& + & C'\!\!\sum_{i \ne j \ne k }^3 e_k
\left ( 3 \sigma_{i \, z} \sigma_{ j \, z} -
\xbf{\sigma}_i \cdot \xbf{\sigma}_j \right ).
\end{eqnarray}
Baryon decuplet quadrupole moments $Q_{B^*}$ and octet-decu\-plet tran\-sition
quadrupole moments $Q_{B \to B^*}$ are obtained by calculating the
matrix elements of the quadrupole operator
in Eq.(\ref{para2}) between the
three-quark spin-flavor wave functions $\vert W_B \rangle $
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{matrixelements}
Q_{B^*} & = &\left \langle W_{B^*} \vert {\cal Q}
\vert W_{B^*} \right \rangle , \nonumber \\
Q_{B \to B^*}
& = & \left \langle W_{B^*} \vert {\cal Q} \vert W_B \right \rangle,
\end{eqnarray}
where $B$  denotes a spin 1/2 octet baryon and $B^*$ a member of the
spin 3/2 baryon decuplet.  The ensuing quadrupole moment relations
have been discussed earlier~\cite{Hen02}.
Table~\ref{tab:quadmo} reproduces the main results.

Interestingly, SU(6) symmetry does not only lead to
charge radius and quadrupole moment relations,
but also furnishes relations between
both sets of observables~\cite{Buc06,Buc04}.
This can be seen from a comparison
of Table~\ref{tab:baryonradii} and Table~\ref{tab:quadmo} using the
relations $B'=-B/2$ and $C'=-C/2$~\cite{comment6}.
For example, we find that the
$N \to \Delta$ quadrupole moment is related to the neutron charge
radius as~\cite{Buc97}
\begin{equation}
Q_{p \to \Delta^+} = Q_{n \to \Delta^0} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\, r_n^2,
\end{equation}
which is experimentally well satisfied~\cite{Tia03}.
This relation also holds for the corresponding form factors
up to momentum transfers in the GeV region~\cite{Buc04}.
In the SU(3) symmetry limit, the transition quadrupole moments
of nonnegative hyperons are proportional to $r^2_n$,
as can be verified from Tables~\ref{tab:baryonradii} and
~\ref{tab:quadmo} for $\zeta=1$. Thus, the
neutron charge radius plays an important role. It sets the scale
not only for the charge radius splitting within and between
flavor multiplets but also for the size of quadrupole moments and the
corresponding intrinsic baryon deformation~\cite{Hen01,Buc06,Buc04}.
Another example of the predictive power of SU(6) spin-flavor symmetry
is the $\Omega^-$ quadrupole moment
\begin{equation}
Q_{\Omega^-} = \frac{1}{3-\zeta-2\zeta^2}\, \left (
3\, r^2_{\Sigma^-} -(2+\zeta) \,
(r^2_p + r^2_n) \right ) \zeta^3,
\end{equation}
which has been expressed here in terms of the three measured
baryon charge radii.
Finally, Table~\ref{tab:quadmonum} provides numerical predictions for
baryon quadrupole moments using parameter sets (a)-(c)
of sect.~\ref{subsec:radii}.

\section{Summary}
\label{sec:summary}
We have calculated baryon charge radii and quadrupole moments
using a para\-metri\-zation method based on the symmetries
of QCD, and derived a number of charge radius and quadrupole moment
relations. In addition, SU(6) symmetry leads to interesting
relations between these two sets of observables.
Using the three measured radii as input, we have
obtained numerical predictions for the remaining charge radii and
baryon quadrupole moments.
Our results suggest that one can
obtain information on the shape of baryons both from quadrupole
moment and charge radius measurements.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Mar. 6, 2018 11:57 a.m.
After a grisly crash in her opening race at the 2018 Olympics, viewers from Canada and across the world struggled to focus on anything other than their concern for India Sherret.
Watching her lose balance at over 60 miles-an-hour heading into a jump and have to be taken off the mountain motionless on a sled, was a scary sight for both her family supporting her at the event, and everyone back in Cranbrook, her hometown.
Sherret, however, had other worries in the immediate wake of her fall.
"I don't think I'd actually left the ski hill yet [when] the doctor got a call in to my mom," the 21-year old ski crosser recalled. "[She] was losing her mind at that point. She didn't know what happened to [me], didn't know where I was, wasn't sure what was going on.
Despite being in serious pain, Sherret had to know how her teammates had fared. She soon found out that Kelsey Serwa and Brittany Phelan had won gold and silver, respectively. While, personally, her experience had not gone the way she had hoped, it was a happy moment.
Even in the middle of adversity, set for an hour-and-half ride to a South Korean hospital with a back injury, she stayed true to what got her to the Olympic games in the first place: her determination, her strong character, and a love for her sport and team.
Her road to Pyeongchang had only started, in earnest, a month prior, when she got the call on January 22 that she was going to be a Canadian Olympian. While Sherret has been skiing since she was nine years old and a competitive ski crosser since she was 14, she says the past year and half were a whirlwind.
Sherret was introduced to ski cross — a timed racing event, similar to alpine skiing, but considered to be part of freestyle skiing because of terrain, big-air jumps, high-banked turns and other features — while she was a part of the Kimberley Alpine Team and broke out in 2014-15 with the Canadian National Development Team.
Her young career, however, has already seen its share of ups and downs.
In March 2015, she won the FIS Freestyle Junior World Ski Championships in Valmalenco, Italy and at that time was widely considered to be one of the most promising women in the sport. The very next year though, she made the difficult decision to take a season off to recover from mental health issues, which included an eating disorder, performance anxiety, and depression.
Coming back in 2016-17 as a healthier and happier person, she quickly returned to form and became a full-time competitor on the FIS World Cup circuit this past season. Her rookie year was quickly driven into hyperdrive in mid-January, when she won a bronze medal at an event in Idre Fjall, Sweden.
"At the beginning of the year, nobody knew who I was. I was this other kid from Canada, and everyone was like 'Who is this chick?'," Sherret said. "I showed up at World Cups and I skied well, but no one expected tons from me. I wasn't on their radar, as far as the Olympic Team went. Then, I podiumed and people got really excited about it.
Within a few weeks, Sherret was in Whistler training and then off on a flight from Vancouver to Pyeongchang with the best in her sport, at a gathering of the top athletes in the world.
As Canadian ski cross is a tight-knit community, she already knew her teammates well and also had a special bond with the team's coach, Stanley Hayer.
A native of Kimberley, Hayer had known Sherret since she was a newbie to the sport with the Alberta Ski Cross team and previously coached her for three seasons including nationally at the 2012 Youth Olympics.
With a fair amount of time in South Korea before her event, Sherret took advantage of the wait by meeting athletes in other disciplines and taking in other Team Canada events.
One of the biggest highlights was attending a preliminary round Canada-Czech men's hockey game, a new experience for her. Despite being Canadian, she says she had never been to an NHL game, or any other major hockey event, and was floored by the atmosphere.
For the most part, however, she was a little bored.
Once she finally began training, however, new difficulties started to emerge. Even though she says the course at Phoenix Snow Park played to her strengths, some mental blocks almost got the best of her.
Working with a sports psychologist, Sherret broke through those struggles and she performed well in her seeding run, earning 11th place. Before her first round race though, she had to endure some second-hand angst as she witnessed her teammate Marielle Thompson crash in her heat.
The defending gold medalist from the 2014 Sochi Olympics, Thompson had made a miraculous comeback from rupturing her ACL and MCL in October to even make it to the games. Sherret was crushed for her.
As for her own race, she said that despite not being concussed, her memory is a little jumbled.
"I remember most of the run, but I don't actually remember falling," she said. "I remember coming into the jump and missing the press and being like, 'Crap, this is not good, this is really not good, [but] I think I can save it…' and I thought that I almost pulled it off.
That's where her recollection becomes shaky.
For the rest of the games, she was in the hospital. She spent four days in bed and only started walking the day before her flight home to Canada. It certainly hadn't been her desired experience to end the games, which could have been spent celebrating with her teammates and enjoying more South Korean culture, but she admits it was an experience.
"I got to know the nurses really well," Sherret laughed. "The nurses, and all the people in South Korea, are super friendly. They are the nicest people I've ever met [and] I received really, really exceptional care.
The eventual diagnosis for Sherret was, fortunately, not as bad as it could have been. According to Team Canada PR, she has small transverse process fractures and is expected to be back to training in a few weeks.
While Sherret isn't thrilled about her 'new accessory', a sort of vest, back-brace that she has to wear, she otherwise has made a rapid recovery already.
"I don't feel normal, but I'm pretty pain-free, so that's all I can ask for right now," she said. "I felt really horrible for a couple of days there, but once I got up and moving, it's gotten a lot better day-by-day.
As for the outpouring of support from folks in her hometown after the crash, she says that, just like the response to making the games in the first place, it has been overwhelming.
"I wanted to get back to so many people, but I wasn't allowed to say anything about my condition, other than that I was stable, other than to close family and friends," she said.
Due to her injury, Sherret will not be able to finish her World Cup season, which was supposed to include two more events and then the Cup finals. While it's a disappointing way to end things, she has long-term goals to keep her going.
With those games taking place in Beijing, China in 2022, she knows that there are still a lot of stops along the way.
As for the present moment and the upcoming off-season, she's looking forward to indulging in her creative side through painting, and eventually getting well enough to be outside climbing and biking.
"I found it very eye-opening [when I went to Baker] how much it's needed, how much the awareness is really required with kids in high school. I had some really cool chats with some of the students afterwards," she said. "I want to help people and be a resource for them, be someone to relate to, who is close to their age, that I never had as a kid.
While she knows that her journey isn't over, and never truly will be, being there for others is a mutually beneficial process.
India Sherret may not have brought home a medal from her first Olympic games, but she came back with something far more valuable — her spirit intact. While her body will take a little while to recover, her trip across the world hasn't harmed her outlook and has only strengthened her connection to the Cranbrook community.
She has a long way to go, but with redemption in Beijing 2022 clearly on the horizon, Sherret will no doubt continue to make her town and nation proud as her journey continues.


This is a GREAT time to get involved on issues related to racial disparities in the criminal justice system (with the Justice Center bond issue losing again) — so please come and get involved in our work on this and on racial disparities in access to affordable housing and in education.
The CRJ meets this Thursday, noon – 1:30, at First Baptist Church, 500 N. Clinton Street, Iowa City.
Disclaimer. The Iowa City Coalition for Racial Justice did not endorse the 2012/2013 Justice Center proposal. The above information is not intended to imply their endorsement, it's simply for the purpose of promoting their work.


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