Present state: The two platforms are extant and the roadside building is in use as a gas appliance shop and a private residence.
Notes: West Derby station was situated on the Cheshire Lines Railway (CLC) North Liverpool Extension Line that connected the CLC Liverpool and Manchester line at Halewood to Aintree and via a branch to the north Liverpool docks at Huskisson Dock. The CLC was a joint railway with three partners, the Great Northern Railway (GNR), the Manchester Sheffield & Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR) and the Midland Railway (MR). All had wanted access to Liverpool which by the mid nineteenth century had become a major seaport. The CLC Liverpool and Manchester line which opened on 2 September 1873 had given the three companies access to Liverpool but only to the south docks. To north of the city new docks had been built to accommodate much larger vessels. The London & North Western Railway (LNWR) and the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway (LYR) had access to the north docks and the CLC partners wanted the same. The most logical way for the CLC to gain such access would have been for them to extend their Liverpool and Manchester line by three miles from its Liverpool terminus. However this would have involved tunnelling under the city centre which would have been prohibitively expensive. The alternative solution was to build a line around the eastern edge of the city using agricultural land that was, by the 1870s, very cheap. The only significant engineering that would be required was at Walton, north of Liverpool. The North Liverpool Extension Line and its branch to Huskisson was authorised on 30 July 1874 and opened from Halewood to Walton-on-the-Hill for passenger services on 1 December 1879.
West Derby station opened with the line on 1 December 1879 and was located on the west side of the ancient settlement of West Derby. It was in a cutting on the south side of Mill Lane. The main station building straddled the line at street level. A two-storey house consisted of a pair of adjacent pitched roofs presenting their gables to the road and the railway, flanked to the west by a single-storey range, its pitched roof set at right angles to those of the house; it was set at a slightly higher level than the house presumably reflecting the gradient of the bridge over which the buildings stood. The structure was of brick with sandstone dressings. The flat-headed, mullioned windows with sandstone lintels were a point of interest. Facing the platforms, the placing of the windows on the two-storey structure was curiously asymmetrical.
The bridge that supported the station building was of two arches and constructed from sandstone. Each arch was capable of taking two tracks; only the eastern arch was actually brought into use. The western arch was built with future expansion in mind. The CLC considered that at some point in the future the line, built as a double track railway, would need to be quadrupled. All the road-over-rail bridges and the tunnels along the line were built with quadrupling in mind. It never would expand beyond a double-track line.
Ramps led down to the platforms on either side of the line. The up (Halewood-bound) platform was provided with a small waiting room of brick with a slate roof. On the down (Aintree-bound) platform there was a timber waiting shelter. The Aintree platform was, of course, adjacent to the track and the ramp leading to it was actually in front of the western side arch of the bridge. The CLC obviously considered that it would be a relatively easy task to alter the platform and ramp should quadrupling be needed.
West Derby had a goods yard which was located on the north side of Mill Lane, east of the line. It had two sidings and a goods shed and was also in a cutting reached by a sloping roadway that connected it to the village.
To the south of the down platform was a signal box that controlled the line through the station and movements into and out of the goods yard. It was a timber box with an 11-lever frame.
At the time of opening West Derby was served by trains running between Walton-on-the-Hill and Liverpool Central. Walton-on-the-Hill was a temporary terminus on the Huskisson branch as tunnels leading down to the docks had not been completed. They were ready by 1 July 1880 when goods services began to run to Huskisson. Passenger services were extended to a new terminus at Huskisson on 2 August 1880 (although race day specials had run from there on 13 July 1880).
For race meetings at Aintree special trains were run for the first time on 13 July 1880 to a CLC station at Aintree provided for just that purpose. West Derby would have been served by some of these trains. The CLC owned its own rolling stock but it did not own any locomotives. All local CLC services were hauled by MS&LR locomotives.
The December 1895 timetable showed West Derby as having an intensive service of 19 up and 22 down trains on Monday-to-Friday as seen in the table below. On Sundays there were six trains in each direction.
In the early years of the twentieth century West Derby station had developed a reputation for its fine floral displays and garden, often winning best kept station awards. The city of Liverpool had expanded rapidly during the nineteenth century, and by the early twentieth its suburbs had reached out as far as West Derby. The Liverpool Corporation Tramways had opened an electric line to West Derby by 1902. It passed along Mill Lane, running directly in front of the station. The trams took a direct route to Liverpool of only a few miles. By train the journey to central Liverpool was nearly ten miles: the trams had an adverse impact on revenue at West Derby station.
A new signal box opened at West Derby on 22 October 1905. It was located 30yd to the south of the original but on the east side of the line. Also built from timber it was a CLC type CL1a with a 16-lever frame.
In 1915 the service between Liverpool Central and Walton-on-the-Hill was withdrawn. Despite the loss of these trains West Derby was still well served, the July 1922 timetable showing 12 up and 11 down trains on weekdays with none on Sunday. Most of the up trains ran to Manchester Central with only a few going to Liverpool. Compared to the service offered in 1895 the 1922 timetable showed a significant reduction, and those that did run mostly operated to and from Manchester; tramway competition probably explained this change.
At the grouping of 1923 the CLC remained independent but its parent companies changed. The GCR and the GNR became constituents of the London & North Eastern Railway (LNER) whilst the MR became part of the London Midland & Scottish Railway (LMS). The LNER was given two-thirds of the CLC shares and the LMS one-third. Motive power for CLC services was provided by the LNER.
The summer timetable for 1932 showed West Derby as having ten up and ten down trains. There were two in each direction on Sundays. Ten trains ran to Southport Lord Street, eight to Manchester Central, and one each to Warrington Central and Liverpool Central.
During the Second World War passenger services on the line were cut back. The route through West Derby was of national strategic importance as it provided a link between Britain's western gateway (Liverpool Docks) and the rest of the country. It was extremely busy, freight trains running day and night almost in convoy. The only exception with regard to passenger services was between 24 December 1940 and 5 July 1941. Heavy bombing had damaged the extremely busy commuter line between Southport Chapel Street and Liverpool Exchange at the Liverpool end of the line. To enable Southport commuters to travel into the city and return home each day extra trains were provided between Liverpool Central and Southport Lord Street. The journey would have taken much longer, but it allowed the city to continue functioning. These trains would not have called at West Derby.
On 1 January 1948 the CLC became part of British Railways London Midland Region. The summer timetable for 1948 showed West Derby as having ten up trains and eight down Monday-to-Friday as indicated in the table below. There were eleven up and eight down on Saturdays and four in each direction on Sundays.
The new nationalised railway saw no need for the former SCLER as it could run trains from the North Liverpool Extension line to Southport Chapel Street via a connection with the former LYR network at Aintree. The SCLER passed through sparsely inhabited country and was un-remunerative. Passenger services between Aintree (which British Railways renamed Aintree Central on 1 July 1950) and Southport Lord Street were withdrawn from 7 January 1952.
West Derby was left with a scheduled train service operating, in the main, between Aintree Central and Manchester Central. The station was also served by summer excursions to Southport Chapel Street. For local journeys West Derby station was of limited value: by summer 1957 its service had been reduced to only three up and three down trains on Monday-to-Saturday as shown in the table below.
With the last up departure being at 8.18am and the first Monday-to-Friday down departure being at 5.59pm the service was next to useless for anything other than work journeys.
Despite the reduction in services on the line, British Railways carried out some modest updating of station signage, installing maroon totems at West Derby as well as at Knotty Ash, Clubmoor and Warbreck.
It came as little surprise when British Railways proposed the withdrawal of the service in 1960. The last regular trains to serve West Derby ran on Saturday 5 November 1960, and the station closed to passengers on Monday 7 December 1960.
The station saw occasional use by excursions during the 1960s. The line itself continued to be used by Grand National race day trains until 1963. It then went into decline. West Derby station closed completely on 1 June 1964. The signal box closed on 8 November 1964. On 22 September 1968 the line between Fazakerley South Junction and Aintree Central was taken out of use leaving only the goods services to and from Huskisson. On 30 November 1969 the line through West Derby between Walton-on-the-Hill and Knotty Ash was singled. By 1973 there was only one daily freight working from Edge Hill to Huskisson and return: it ceased in August 1975.
By this time the Merseyside Passenger Transport Authority had come into being. Based on plans drawn up by the local authorities in the 1960s the line through West Derby took on a new significance. It was proposed that an outer belt line be created along the former CLC North Liverpool Line and it was actually authorised by the Act of 1971. Although many of the lines proposed in the Act were created, the economic downturn of the late 1970s and early 1980s ended hopes for the belt line scheme. British Rail lifted the line between Huskisson and Hunts Cross in the early months of 1979.
In the late 1980s a footpath and cycleway called the 'Liverpool Loopline Path', part of the Trans-Pennine Trail, was created through the site of West Derby station. The station survived closure and was extant in December 2012. The building was in use as a private dwelling and as by 'The Gas Station' a gas showroom. A housing estate was built on the goods yard in the 1990s.
With special thanks to Les Brunskill of The Gas Station.
West Derby station looking north some time before October 1905. The signal box in the lower left corner was replaced on 22 October 1905. The replacement signal box was located on the opposite side of the line. At this time West Derby was very much the country station.
West Derby station shown on a 6-inch scale map from 1890.
A 25-inch scale map from 1891 showing West Derby station. The original signal box which was located on the down platform is clearly shown. The West Derby and Liverpool tramway can also be seen passing over the line on Mill Lane.
West Derby station shown on a 25-inch scale map from 1925.
The West Derby station goods facilities shown on a 25-inch map from 1925.
Looking north at West Derby station in the first decade of the 20th century. Two employees of the CLC are seen posing on the down platform.
West Derby station looking north along the up direction platform on a summer day in the 1930s. Only a couple of passengers are evident but the station looks extremely well kept. It often won prizes for its gardens. Period advertising is also evident.
Looking north along the down platform at West Derby station in the 1950s.
West Derby station seen from Mill Lane in 1969. The station had been closed for nine years but it was still owned by British Rail and the line was still open. British Rail placed posters on the station building well into the 1970s. One such poster can be seen to the right advertising trips to London.
A view looking north along the up direction platform at West Derby station in April 1977. There had been no regular trains since May 1975. The line through West Derby was singled with effect from 30 November 1969. The redundant up track would have been lifted within a few months of that date.
West Derby station looking north on 6 April 2013.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Katrina's legacy extends to Afghanistan
Federal News Network Staff
Thomas Traaen, Commanding Officer, DLA Distribution
wfedstaff | June 3, 2015 8:58 am
https://federalnewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/189881.mp3
By Suzanne Kubota
Senior Internet Editor
FederalNewsRadio.com
As a team of over 40 civilians from the Defense Logistics Agency puts the finishing touches on packing up and getting ready to leave the solid, mostly air conditioned, comfort of their usual distribution centers for Afghanistan, Commanding Officer, Rear Admiral Thomas Traaen, told Federal News Radio this effort reflects a new way of thinking for DLA.
Fuel, medical supplies, construction material, food and water are literally stock in trade for the DLA, but the notion of being able to deploy an entire distribution center is new.
"This deployable capability actually was an outset from Katrina and Wilma during the Gulf disasters that we moved through earlier," said Traaen. "A recognition that our hardened facilities, in some cases, may not be sufficient to meet a Joint Force Commander's requirement when they're in an austere environment, in this case in such a place as Afghanistan."
Insight by Sonatype: Stephan Mitchev, acting CTO at USPTO, discusses how USPTO is looking at supply chain issues to address cybersecurity concerns. Dr. Stephen Magill, VP of product innovation at Sonatype, provides an industry perspective.
Members of the team going to Afghanistan usually work at centers in Texas, California, and Pennsylvania, said Traaen, "but we do maintain the ability to be expeditionary and create this kind of capability in an environment like Afghanistan to serve that function."
The ideas is that by moving equipment forward, DLA predicts they'll be able to "reduce sustainment airlift by 38 percent." According to Traaen, "That means that those aircraft can be used for other reasons to move other types of material. Most of this material will then be put on surface transportation, i.e. on the water, to be moved more economically and it'll move across groundlines of communication up into Afghanistan and be positioned there."
Once containers are in place, eventually warehouses will be built to "house repair parts such as kit assemblies, subassemblies, clothing, reparable consumable items required for equipment maintenance, as well as, construction materiels," according to a DLA news article.
From this point forward, said Traaen, "as the Defense Logistics Agency works to be increasingly more expeditionary, certainly as hurricane season as it is upon us, should that situation arise, we have the capability to flex to meet that requirement as well. If something happened in another area of the world, we would also be able to move a capability like this into that area. Whether it's in the Pacific, in Europe, that's the whole point of this is to be able to flex to where the Joint Force Commander needs us."
Containers are currently being put into place in Afghanistan, with an "initial operating capability" scheduled for the end of the month, "and our intention is that we will meet that initial operation capability date," stated Traaen.
Agency Oversight All News Budget Defense Defense Department Management Radio Interviews


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text:
Furious students face up to impact of Bodleian budget cuts
News University News
7th May 2015 Cason Reily
A proposal by the Bodleian to merge the Oriental Institute Library with the Sackler Library has caused shock and concern among the Institute's students and faculty.
In a consultation Friday with James Legg, Bodleian Head of Humanities, students said the move would undermine the prestige, identity, and community of the OI.
While some students have already dealt with the annoyances of libraries' shorter hours and lower staffing, this proposal has brought Bodleian budget cuts closer to home for members of the OI, causing them to consider deeply both University policies and the significance of their library.
The Bodleian faces a nominal freeze in university funding for the 2015-2016 year, which amounts to a 5 per cent cut in real terms. Total university funding for the libraries is about £30 million.
With the cuts, administrators face tradeoffs between purchases, staffing, and building space, and closing the OI Library would bring them £120,000 closer to meeting budget goals. Alternative cost-saving measures considered are even less appealing. A 20 per cent reduction in purchases for the OI Library would save just £30,000.
The Library, which is part of the OI's building, houses 55,000 volumes covering the Islamic World, Hebrew and Jewish Studies, Eastern Christianity, and Asia. The nearby Sackler houses volumes in Art History, Archaeology, and Classics.
When the original proposal was released in Hilary, it came out of the blue for many students . Neither the Bodleian nor the OI Faculty had communicated directly with the student body before the proposal's release. There was, however, student representation at all meetings where the option was discussed.
66 per cent of OI students opposed the initial proposal, an internal poll determined. Concerns included the availability of shelf space for OI materials and study space in a Sackler Library often crowded with classicists. The proposal has since been amended to add more shelving and 40 desks to the Sackler library, Mr Legg told the students, and a new poll is currently being administered.
At Friday's consultation broader concerns about the role of the library were expressed. One graduate student said: "I wouldn't have applied to Oxford if the Faculty hadn't had a library." The identity of the institute, he continued, was bound up in having a Library, break areas, and faculty all in one building.
If the proposal were accepted, the fate of the OI Library would be uncertain. While Mr Legg suggested conversion into graduate study-space in order to maintaining a sense of community at the Institute, the decision on how to use the floorspace would ultimately lie with the University. It could be converted into offices, and Mr. Legg said could "provide no guarantee" that it would remain a part of the OI.
A 2nd year Arabic Student told the OxStu: "It is very worrying to have heard for the first time the whole future of the OI is at stake and not just the library." The student also referred to "complete lack of transparency through this 'consultation'".
In response to allegations of opacity, Mr. Legg said he'd expected the Institute's faculty would have informed students of the status of negotiations around the library. He also noted that there have been no spending steps to begin a move.
James Blythe, OUSU VP for Access and Academic Affairs, discussed the matter in an official statement: "No decision has been made, and we won't allow one to be made without clear and robust consultation with the students. We have also been helping the senior staff of the Bodleian to enhance and augment their consultation strategy."
The students' confusion typifies persistent problems in communication between administrators and the students their decisions affect. While student representatives sit on many committees, formal channels of communication are often lacking. There has also been no consultation of students who currently use the Sackler Library.
The proposed closure of the OI Library reflects the first major impact of the Bodleian's budget controls, and forces students to directly confront the reality of budget cuts.
Professor Henrietta Harrison, who teaches Chinese Studies, told the OxStu: "It is really sad that the Bodleian is suffering from such a shortage of funding, which affects not just the location of the OI Library and other libraries, but also book acquisition budgets and specialist librarians."
The intangible impact on the prestige of the OI, its applicant pool, and its operations can only be estimated. What is certain, however, is the importance of many OI students to the library at the core of their studies.
Also uncertain is whether students in other departments will have to contend with similar changes as the result of Bodleian cuts. Mr Legg spoke of an "enormous change in attitude" of the University towards the Libraries since he joined the institution in 2000. Then, the Bodleian budget was "very much a blank cheque."
Photo/deacademic
Trade Union and Socialist Coalition march through Oxford
Oriel to hold referendum over permanent OUSU disaffiliation
Red meat, cancer risk? Oxford epidemiologist backs WHO
9th November 2015 Jan-David Franke
Businessman 'leaves £41m' fortune to Oxfam
22nd August 2018 Adithi Shenava
OUSU champions rights for rusticated students
6th February 2014 Charlie Troup


text:
import React from 'react';

import NotificationsDisplay from './NotificationsDisplay';
import AppContext from '../../AppContext';

class NotificationsContainer extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <AppContext.Consumer>
        { context => (
          <NotificationsDisplay
            loop={ context.loop }
            notifications={ context.notifications } />
        ) }
      </AppContext.Consumer>
    );
  }
}

export default NotificationsContainer;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Hun Sen Accused of Political Threats Ahead of Elections
Sok Khemara
Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen spoke to the lower house of parliament in a nationally televised speech Thursday, Aug. 9, 2012, that was mandatory viewing for civil servants.
Opposition leaders say Prime Minister Hun Sen continues to employ scare tactics to secure his hold on power, especially with the election on the horizon.
This includes fabricating charges in the courts for those Hun Sen deems a threat, Kem Sokha, vice president of the Cambodia National Rescue Party, told VOA Khmer.
"We think that this is a method and the same trick that he's done before, over innocent people like Mam Sonando," Kem Sokha said.
Mam Sonando, the operator of the independent Beehive Radio station, was arrested in July an accused of fomenting an insurrection in Kratie province, charges widely seen as fabricated and lacking evidence. He served eight months before he was released on a suspended sentence and is still under monitoring.
"We think this is mostly a threat," Kem Sokha said.
And there are other examples, he said.
Hun Sen said in a recent speech that anti-government forces have been training militarily in Thailand and are hiding within the opposition's ranks.
Anti-government groups have members "hiding in the network of the opposition," Hun Sen said. "So I wish to send a message to the opposition: that in case there are any arrests, don't say they are political arrests of members. They are terrorist forces."
Kem Sokha said such statements are meant to tarnish the opposition, but that they demonstrate concerns over opposition victories in the elections.
"The National Rescue Party has a clear stance, that we solve problems through non-violent means," he said. "We do not cause revolutions. We do not do coups. We do not make war. And we do not do terrorism at all."
Lao Mong Hay, an independent political analyst, said such speeches are aimed at weakening in the opposition and sewing distrust.
Any arrests that would come as a result of such accusations would likely be seen as a "political crackdown over those who criticize the ruling party and the government," he said.
There is a precedent for such arrests. Some members of the royalist Funcinpec party, following a power-sharing arrangement with Hun Sen and the Cambodian People's Party, were later accused of association with anti-government groups like the Free Khmer movement or the Cambodian Freedom Fighters. Many were subsequently arrested.
Hun Sen Vows To Remain Premier for Years to Come
Three Months From Elections, 'War of Words' Begins
Cambodian Media 'Not Free,' US Watchdog Says
After 8 Months, Beehive Radio Owner Released From Prison
Cambodian Spolight
Traditional Night Market Brings Together Cambodian Community in Central California
Looters Helped Return Stolen Antiquities to Cambodia, Researchers Say
'An Appetite for Risk': Colleagues Recall Life of Journalist Nate Thayer
Cambodian Leader Warns Rivals Face 'Legal Action or Sticks'
Nate Thayer, Giant of Cambodian Journalism, Dies at 62


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text:
Третата световна война е название на хипотетичен международен въоръжен конфликт с мащаба на Първата или Втората световна война, но с по-разрушителни следствия, заради употребата на по-модерни оръжия: атомни, биологически, химически, геофизични, психотронни и други подобни.

Третата световна война е честа тема на научната фантастика, както в литературата, така и в киното.

В редки случаи Студената война е наричана Трета световна война. Това например прави Джеймс Улси, съветник на президента на Съединените щати Джордж Уокър Буш и бивш директор на Централното разузнавателно управление.

Източници

Геополитическо съперничество
Световни войни

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Can someone explain the difference between Expression Attribute Names and Expression Attribute Values? I'm working with DynamoDB and have consulted Amazon's documentation, which is great. But for this particular instance I can't understand the difference?

A: The official documentation on this subject is here. You can have placeholders for both names and values. For example if an item in your table has the following format:
{
  attribute1: value1,
  attribute2: value2
}

attribute1 is an attribute name
value1 is an attribute value
If you want to lookup something by a dynamic attribute name, or if you are using an attribute name that conflicts with a DynamoDB reserved word, then you use ExpressionAttributeNames.
If you want to lookup something by a dynamic attribute value, which is what you will be doing in most of your queries, you will use ExpressionAttributeValues.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Montello is a town in Marquette County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,043 at the 2000 census. The City of Montello and the unincorporated community of Glen Oak are located within the town.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 34.0 square miles (88.1 km2), of which, 32.5 square miles (84.2 km2) of it is land and 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2) of it (4.47%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,043 people, 443 households, and 318 families residing in the town. The population density was 32.1 people per square mile (12.4/km2).  There were 699 housing units at an average density of 21.5 per square mile (8.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.33% White, 0.10% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.10% from other races, and 0.19% from two or more races. 0.67% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 443 households, out of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.70.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.6% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,347, and the median income for a family was $38,542. Males had a median income of $30,882 versus $21,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,699. About 3.5% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

References

Towns in Marquette County, Wisconsin
Towns in Wisconsin


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I am a Telecommunications Engineer from Madrid, my speciality is Telematics and Systems Development. In the last years I have worked as an iOS and Android developer developing a variety of Apps for various environments. My latest projects include a movie recommender capable of predicting movies you could like based on previous watched, an App to serve as a way of recruiting new students to our university and helping those who already are to have all the information they need at the tip of their fingers, and a tool to help you meet up with friends easily. Recently I have found a very interesting field in bioengineering, developing programs for doctor-patient interaction. I am currently doing an offitial Master degree in networks, communication, and content and software development.
I love travelling and meeting new people, it is the reason why I have helped as an international mentor for 3 years in my university and worked as an event coordinator dealing with audio-visual media creation and all the organization.
I have worked in multiple companies (such as Telefonica, Geozyt, UPM, King's College and a handful of statups) developing Apps and coordinating events. I also create my own Apps and software and have experience working as a freelance engineer and app developer. In this way I have created and collaborated with multiple companies and individuals both developing software and systems and teaching them how to do so.
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Is there anyway i can contact you, to talk about WAVE.


On March 25, the Ontario Federation of Labour is hosting a province-wide conference in Toronto that will bring together labour leaders, activists, and community allies. At the conference, participants will develop strategies for mobilizing our workplaces and communities to more effectively push back against the regressive agenda of the Doug Ford government.
This one-day conference will roll out the OFL's full campaign strategy and outline plans for a series of escalating actions leading up to June 7, the one year anniversary of the provincial election. The conference will feature engaging speakers and the launch of new organizing and educational tools.
The conference will provide a good opportunity for faculty to connect with other university and education labour leaders and plug in to a broader campaign to protect good jobs and education quality in Ontario.
Anyone interested in attending can register online for only $25.
During the recent Social Media Day of Action in support of Fairness for Contract Faculty, OCUFA released a new video highlighting the struggles faced by contract faculty, and why job security, fair pay, and benefits are so vital.
The Queen's University Faculty Association has ratified a three-year agreement with the Queen's University administration. Members of QUFA also voted yes in the consent vote for the conversion of the pension plan to the University Pension Plan. If the UPP is created, the expiry of the Collective Agreement will move from April 30 to June 30 of 2022. The negotiations for the renewal of the Collective Agreement and the University Pension Plan consent vote were tied together because of the proximity of the expiry of the Collective Agreement and the consent vote. The Association achieved across-the-board salary increases comparable to other faculty associations. Other achievements included harmonization of the normal retirement date, recognition of Queen's service for the unreduced early retirement option of the UPP, offsets for UPP contribution increases, and voluntary phased retirement as well as enhanced post-retirement benefits such as drug cards for retirees.
On Saturday, February 9 and Sunday, February 10, OCUFA held its second Board of Directors meeting of the 2018-19 academic year. Over the weekend, board members discussed the organization's current priorities – good jobs, university funding, and capacity building – with a focus on challenges to the postsecondary sector under the current government. During a special lunchtime reception on the Saturday, board members and colleagues celebrated the winner of OCUFA's Lorimer Award, which recognizes those who have improved the terms and conditions of employment of Ontario university faculty through bargaining, and the winners of the Status of Women and Equity Award of Distinction, which recognizes faculty whose work has improved the lives and working conditions of academics who are Indigenous, women, racialized, LGBTQ2S+, living with disabilities and/or belong to other historically marginalized groups.
A special talk was presented by David Newhouse, who is Onondaga from the Six Nations of the Grand River community near Brantford, Ontario, was the first Principal of the new Peter Gzowski College at Trent University and Chair of the Department of Indigenous Studies. He is also an Associate Professor in the Business Administration Program. He presented on reconciliation and indigenization in the context of Ontario universities, including on the hiring of indigenous faculty, and his talk was followed by a lively discussion in which board members engaged Newhouse on the substantive topics in his presentation.
A special luncheon ceremony celebrated the recipients of OCUFA's awards.
Steven Bednarski, professor at St. Jerome's University won the 2018 Lorimer Award.
Established in honour of Doug and Joyce Lorimer, who were instrumental in advancing faculty association collective bargaining in Ontario, the Lorimer Award recognizes individuals who have worked to protect and promote the interests of Ontario's academic staff through collective bargaining.
Over the past ten years, Steven has played a pivotal role as a negotiator or chief negotiator in four rounds of bargaining. With a remarkable sense of solidarity, Steven has fostered a sense of community, both on the team and within the broader association membership. His capacity for research, sharp intellect, meticulous record keeping, and generosity is well known among his colleagues at St. Jerome's and across.
Susan Hillock, associate professor at Trent University and Lianne Leddy, assistant professor at Wilfrid Laurier University both won the 2018 Status of Women and Equity Award of Distinction.
Professor Leddy is a mentor to Indigenous students and an ally to other faculty and staff. She is widely respected for her knowledge and expertise and has served as the Indigenous Studies Program Coordinator for three years, was a member of the Indigenous Research Ethics Conference organizing committee, and actively supports other departments and programs in the university with their efforts to incorporate Indigenous curriculum.
The next OCUFA Board of Directors meeting will be held May 25-26, 2019.
Worldviews lecture: Truth and Reconciliation in higher education and the media: What are the responsibilities? What is needed to overcome the legacy of colonialism?
Mark your calendars! On Tuesday, March 19th, 2019, the Ontario Confederation of University Faculty Associations, the Center for the Study of Canadian and International Higher Education at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education-University of Toronto, the Ryerson School of Journalism, Inside Higher Ed, and University World News will be hosting the fifth annual Worldviews Lecture on Media and Higher Education.
Join us for an engaging talk by Tanya Talaga about the legacy of cultural genocide in Canada and her hope for a more inclusive and equitable future. Her talk will be followed by a panel of media professionals and academics (including Hayden King, Yellowhead Institute and Susan Hill, Centre for Indigenous Studies, University of Toronto). The discussion will further explore issues of reconciliation in the media and higher education.
Registration: This is a free public event but advance registration is required.
On Monday, February 11, faculty, staff, students, and community members across Ontario participated in OCUFA's annual social media day of action in support of fairness for contract faculty.
The day was a tremendous success. The hashtag #Fairness4CF was heavily used by community members to voice their support for fairness for contract faculty.
This year's social media day of action highlighted the fact that issues facing tenure-stream faculty and contract faculty issues are two sides of the same coin, namely the lack of investment in postsecondary education.
The chronic underfunding of postsecondary education has meant that tenure-stream faculty often face challenging workloads. This is especially true as contract faculty teach 58 per cent of all courses at Ontario's universities. They are hired on precarious short-term contracts and are only compensated for teaching, not research or service work. Hiring full-time tenure-stream faculty instead of precariously employed faculty would ensure fairness for contract faculty and spread the workload more equally among all academic staff.
OCUFA would like to thank faculty, staff, students, and community members across Ontario for their support of the fairness for contract faculty campaign.
On Tuesday, February 19, OCUFA participated in a press conference organized by the Canadian Federation of Students–Ontario at Queen's Park. OCUFA Vice-President Rahul Sapra joined a panel of speakers including Nour Alideeb, Chairperson of CFS-Ontario; Sam Hammond, President of the Elementary Teachers Federation of Ontario and RM Kennedy, Chair of the College Academic Division of OPSEU. The panel focused on the adverse effects of the government's recent changes to the student assistance program (OSAP), the tuition fee cut without an increase in core funding for colleges and universities, and the attack on students' rights.
The speakers shared their concerns about the government's pattern of decision making without consulting sector stakeholders. The speakers noted that the January 17th announcement is a direct attack on student governance, representation, and voices and will make postsecondary education in Ontario less accessible.
The press conference also marked the launch of the "We The Students" campaign. To find out more about the campaign and the upcoming events and actions click here.
The report of the OCUFA Working Group on Student Questionnaires on Courses and Teaching (SQCT) has now been released. Prompted by increasing reports of the misuse of results and the harassment of faculty through anonymous comments, and by suggestions in the policy community that SQCT scores be used as university "performance" metrics, OCUFA established the working group in 2016 to examine these issues.
Please read the full report and summary by clicking here.
The Ryerson Faculty Association has been awarded a two-year contract extension by Arbitrator William Kaplan with an expiry of June 30, 2020. The arbitrator's award included sector comparable salary increases. The arbitrator also awarded the faculty association funds for the provision of retirement benefits and to address the gender pay gap, as well as a voluntary retirement incentive. Finally, The arbitrator directed the parties to meet and discuss the issue of teaching stream, on a no prejudice basis, prior to the next round of bargaining.
The Canadian Federation of Students–Ontario has launched a letter writing campaign to tell Doug Ford, Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities Merrilee Fullerton, and MPPs that the government's attack on students' unions and student rights does not represent the interests of students or faculty.
This campaign is in response to the Ford government's decision to cut tuition fees by 10 per cent without increasing funding to universities, revert back to 2016-17 OSAP levels which rely heavily on student loans instead of grants, and to undermine student rights and student unions by making ancillary fees, including student fees, optional.
To add your voice to this important initiative, you can send the letter here.
OCUFA is proud to celebrate outstanding achievement in teaching and academic librarianship at Ontario universities. Anyone within the university community can nominate a faculty member or librarian. Award recipients are selected by an independent OCUFA committee made up of faculty, librarians, and student representatives. Deadline for nominations for the 2018-2019 awards is May 24, 2019.
TORONTO, February 8, 2019 – The Ontario Confederation of University Faculty Associations (OCUFA) is pleased to announce that St. Jerome's University professor Steven Bednarski is the recipient of the 2018 Lorimer Award. This honour recognizes individuals who have worked to protect and promote the interests of Ontario's academic staff through collective bargaining.
Steven Bednarski will receive his award at a ceremony hosted by OCUFA in Toronto on February 9, 2019.


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INSTALL
=======

This document describes the installation and setup of HaaS on CentOS 7.0.
HaaS should work on other distros, but is not well tested or supported.
For development environments, see `Installation - Developers <INSTALL-devel.html>`_.

The HaaS Service node
----------------------

This section talks about what must be done on the server upon which HaaS runs.

Prerequisite Software
---------------------

HaaS requires a number of packages available through the CentOS RPM
repositories, as well as the EPEL repository. EPEL can be enabled via::

    yum install epel-release

Then, the rest of the packages can be installed via::

    yum install libvirt bridge-utils ipmitool telnet httpd mod_wsgi python-pip qemu-kvm python-virtinst virt-install python-psycopg2 vconfig net-tools

In addition, HaaS depends on a number of python libraries. Many of these are
available as RPMs as well, but we recommend installing them with pip, since
this will install the versions that HaaS has been tested with.  This is done
automatically by the instructions below.

Disable SELinux
---------------

The setup described in this document runs into problems with SELinux. In the
future, we hope to ship a set of SELinux security policies with HaaS, but for
now the solution is to disable SELinux::

    sudo setenforce 0

Make sure SELinux is also disabled on startup. To do this `on
CentOS/RHEL <https://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/SELinux>`_, edit
`/etc/selinux/config` to change:
```
SELINUX=enforcing
```
to
```
SELINUX=permissive
```

User need to choose appropriate values for their environment:
-------------------------------------------------------------

For simplicity we have provided default values:
Copy the following lines in file ``haas_env``

        HAAS_USER=haas

        HAAS_DB_ROLE=haas

        HAAS_DB_PASSWORD=secret

        HAAS_ADMIN=haas

        HAAS_ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret

        HAAS_HOME_DIR=/var/lib/haas

Before starting this procedure do::

        source haas_env

Setting up system user for HaaS:
--------------------------------

First create a system user ``${HAAS_USER}`` with::

  sudo useradd --system ${HAAS_USER} -d /var/lib/haas -m -r

The HaaS software itself can then be installed as root by running::

    sudo su -
    cd /root
    git clone https://github.com/CCI-MOC/haas
    cd haas
    sudo python setup.py install

haas.cfg
--------

HaaS is configured with ``haas.cfg``. This file contains settings for both the
CLI client and the server. Carefully read the ``haas.cfg*`` files in
``examples/``, to understand and correctly set all of the options.  In
particular, the following two fields in the ``headnode`` section are very
important: ``trunk_nic`` must match your choice of trunk NIC in the "Networking
- Bridges" instructions below; ``base_imgs`` must match the name of the base
headnode libvirt instance created in the "Libvirt" instructions below.

For a detailed description of the configuration needed for various switch
setups, see `Network Drivers <network-drivers.html>`_.

Logging level and directory can be set in the ``[general]`` section. For more
information view `logging <logging.html>`_.

``haas.cfg`` file contains sensitive administrative information and should not be exposed to clients or
end users. Therefore, after placing the file at ``/etc/haas.cfg`` its
permissions should be set to read-only and ownership set to ``${HAAS_USER}``
From source directory of haas as user root do the following::

    (from /root/haas)
    cp examples/haas.cfg /etc/haas.cfg
    chown ${HAAS_USER}:${HAAS_USER} haas.cfg
    chmod 400 haas.cfg
    (run following command as ${HAAS_USER} from ${HAAS_HOME_DIR}
    su - ${HAAS_USER}
    ln -s /etc/haas.cfg .

Authentication and Authorization
--------------------------------

HaaS includes a pluggable architecture for authentication and authorization.
HaaS ships with two authentication backends. One uses HTTP basic auth, with
usernames and passwords stored in the haas database. The other is a "null"
backend, which does no authentication or authorization checks. This can be
useful for testing and experimentation but *should not* be used in production.
You must enable exactly one auth backend.

In productions system where non-null backend is active, end users will have to include
a username and password as additional parameters in ``client_env`` file to be able to
communicate with the haas server. This is user/password should be registered with the
haas auth backend using haas.

Database Backend
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

To enable the database backend, make sure the **[extensions]** section of
``haas.cfg`` contains::

  haas.ext.auth.database =

Null Backend
^^^^^^^^^^^^

To enable the null backend, make sure **[extensions]** contains::

  haas.ext.auth.null =

Setting Up HaaS Database
------------------------

The only DBMS currently supported for production use is PostgreSQL.
(SQLite is supported for development purposes *only*).
There are many ways of setting up PostgreSQL server.
`Install configure PostgreSQL CENTOS7 <Install_configure_PostgreSQL_CENTOS7.html>`_.
provides one way to accomplish this.

To create the database tables, first make sure ``haas.cfg`` is set up the way
you need, including any extensions you plan to use, then::

    sudo -i -u ${HAAS_USER}; haas-admin db create

If the authorization backend activated in ``haas.cfg`` is  ``haas.ext.auth.database =``
then you will need to add an initial user with administrative privileges to the
database in order to bootstrap the system.
You can do this by running the following command (as user ``haas``)::

  sudo -i -u ${HAAS_USER}; haas create_admin_user ${HAAS_ADMIN_USER} ${HAAS_ADMIN_PASSWORD}

You can then create additional users via the HTTP API. You may want to
subsequently delete the initial user; this can also be done via the API.

All HaaS commands in these instructions should be run in this directory::

  cd /var/lib/haas

Networking - Bridges
--------------------

Currently HaaS only supports one mechanism for layer-2 isolation: 802.1q VLANs.
One NIC on the HaaS host is designated the "trunk NIC".  All network traffic to
headnode VMs in HaaS is routed through this trunk NIC, on a tagged VLAN.  As
such, the port on the switch that this NIC connects to must have all of HaaS's
VLANs trunked to it.  Currently, this configuration must be done manually.

HaaS uses Linux bridges to route the traffic from the trunk NIC to the
headnodes. Currently the bridges and VLAN NICs for this must be created
ahead of time.  The provided script ``create_bridges`` will create bridges
for all VLANS in the allocation pool. It must be run in the directory that
contains ``haas.cfg``. This pre-allocation is easier to reason about
than on-demand creation, and allows HaaS to be run as an unprivileged user,
but it also causes some limitations.  For instance, because of this, headnodes
can only be connected to networks with allocated VLANs.  The bridges must also
be pre-allocated again on each boot. For now, the recommened method is to use
``systemd``.  A ``systemd`` service for running the ``create_bridges`` script is available
in the 'scripts' directory.

Name of the service is: ``create_bridges.service``

Name of the script is: ``create_bridges``

Centos:
^^^^^^^

Centos uses systemd to controll all its processes.

Place the file ``create_bridges.service`` under:
``/usr/lib/systemd/system/``

Ubuntu:
^^^^^^^
Systemd is available from Ubuntu 15.04 onwards and LTS version 16.04 will ship with systemd by default.

Edit the ``create_bridges.service`` file and change the ExecStart
to
``/usr/local/bin/create_bridges``

Place the file ``create_bridges.service`` under:
``/lib/systemd/system/``

Starting the service:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Following commands will start the daemon:
``systemctl daemon-reload``
``systemctl start create_bridges.service``

You can check the status using:
``systemctl status create_bridges.service``

To auto-start the service on boot (recommended):
``systemctl enable create_bridges.service``

For systems that do not support systemd:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

You can add the following line::

  (cd /etc && create_bridges)

to the end of ``/etc/rc.local``.

You can also run the this command manually as root user to create the bridges.

HaaS must additionally have IP connectivity to the switch's administration
console.  Right now the only mechanism for connecting to the switch is via
telnet (with `plans <https://github.com/CCI-MOC/haas/issues/46>`_ to support
ssh). As such, the administration console should only be accessible through a
trusted private network.

Libvirt
-------

We must reconfigure ``libvirt`` to allow (some) unprivileged users access to
the system QEMU session.  To do this, edit ``/etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf`` and
uncomment the following lines::

  unix_sock_group = "libvirt"
  auth_unix_ro = "none"
  auth_unix_rw = "none"

Then create the group 'libvirt' and add the HaaS user to that group::

  sudo groupadd libvirt
  sudo gpasswd libvirt -a haas

Finally, restart ``libvirt`` with::

  sudo service libvirtd restart

You should also set libvirt to start on boot::

  sudo chkconfig libvirtd on

Headnode image
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Now we must make a clonable base headnode.  (One is required, and more are
allowed.)  First create a storage pool.  Any kind can be used, but we will only
document creating a directory-backed storage pool::

  virsh --connect qemu:///system pool-define pool.xml

where ``pool.xml`` contains a description of the pool::

  <pool type="dir">
    <name>haas_headnodes</name>
    <target>
      <path>/var/lib/libvirt/images</path>
    </target>
  </pool>

The directory specified by path must already exist, and be readable and
writable by the ``libvirt`` user. Then activate the pool, and make the it
activate on boot, with::

  virsh --connect qemu:///system pool-start haas_headnodes
  virsh --connect qemu:///system pool-autostart haas_headnodes

The scripts in ``examples/cloud-img-with-passwd`` can be used to build
an ubuntu 14.04 or centos 7 disk image with a default root password. Read
the README in that directory for more information.

Once the disk image is built, copy ito the storage pool directory (here we
assume it is called ``base.img``)::

  mv base.img /var/lib/libvirt/images/

Finally, create the base headnode with::

  virsh --connect qemu:///system define base.xml

where ``base.xml`` contains a description of the headnode::

  <domain type='kvm'>
    <name>base</name>
    <memory>524288</memory>
    <os>
      <type arch='x86_64'>hvm</type>
      <boot dev='hd'/>
    </os>
    <features>
      <acpi/><apic/><pae/>
    </features>
    <clock offset="utc"/>
    <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
    <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
    <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
    <vcpu>1</vcpu>
    <devices>
      <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
      <disk type='file' device='disk'>
        <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
        <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/base.img'/>
        <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      </disk>
      <interface type='network'>
        <source network='default'/>
        <model type='virtio'/>
      </interface>
      <input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>
      <graphics type='vnc'/>
      <console type='pty'/>
      <sound model='ac97'/>
      <video>
        <model type='cirrus'/>
      </video>
    </devices>
  </domain>

Note that the above specifies the format of the disk image as ``raw``; if
you're using an image in another format (such as ``qcow``) you will have
to adjust this.

Many of these fields are probably not needed, but we have not thouroughly
tested which ones. Furthermore, this set of XML duplicates the path to
storage directory; this seems unnecessary.

Users may find the scripts in ``examples/puppet_headnode`` useful for
configuring the ubuntu headnode to act as a PXE server; see the README in
that directory for more information.

Running the Server under Apache
-------------------------------

HaaS consists of two services: an API server and a networking server. The
former is a WSGI application, which we recommend running with Apache's
``mod_wsgi``. Create a file ``/etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi.conf``, with the contents::

  LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
  WSGISocketPrefix run/wsgi

  <VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80 [::1]:80>
    ServerName 127.0.0.1
    AllowEncodedSlashes On
    WSGIPassAuthorization On
    WSGIDaemonProcess haas user=haas group=haas threads=2
    WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/haas/haas.wsgi
    <Directory /var/www/haas>
      WSGIProcessGroup haas
      WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
      Order deny,allow
      Allow from all
    </Directory>
  </VirtualHost>

(The file may already exist, with just the ``LoadModule`` option. If so, it is
safe to replace it.)

**Note:** certain calls to HaaS such as *port_register()* may pass arbitrary
strings that should be escaped (see `issue 361 <https://github.com/CCI-MOC/haas/issues/360>`_). By default, Apache `Doesn't
allow <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4390436/need-to-allow-encoded-slashes-on-apache>`_
this due to security concerns. ``AllowEncodedSlashes On`` enables the passing
of these arguments.

**Note:** For apache to be able to pass the authentication headers to HaaS
following directive will have to be turned on

``WSGIPassAuthorization On``

(see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20940651/how-to-access-apache-basic-authentication-user-in-flask )

If you haven't already, create the directory that will contain the HaaS WSGI module::

 sudo mkdir /var/www/haas/

Copy the file ``haas.wsgi`` from the top of the haas source tree to the
location indicated by the ``WSGIScriptAlias`` option. The virtual host and
server name should be set according to the hostname (and port) by which clients
will access the api. Then, restart Apache::

  sudo service httpd restart

You should also set apache to start on boot::

  sudo chkconfig httpd on

Running the network server:
---------------------------

Using systemd:
--------------

A systemd script for running the network server is available in the 'scripts' directory.
Name of the script is: haas_network.service

Centos:
-------

Centos uses systemd to controll all its processes.

Place the file haas_network.service under:
``/usr/lib/systemd/system/``

Ubuntu:
-------
Systemd is available from Ubuntu 15.04 onwards and LTS version 16.04 will ship with systemd by default.

Place the file haas_network.service under:
``/lib/systemd/system/``

Starting the service:
---------------------

Following commands will start the daemon:
``systemctl daemon-reload``
``systemctl start haas_network``

You can check the status using:
``systemctl status haas_network``

To auto-start the service on boot:
``systemctl enable haas_network``

For systems that do not support systemd:
----------------------------------------
Some systems like the LTS version of Ubuntu, Ubuntu 14.04 does not come with systemd pre-installed.
It uses "Upstart" an equivalent of systemd to manage its daemons/processes.

For such systems, the networking server may be started as the HaaS user by running::

  haas serve_networks &

To make this happen on boot, add the following to ``/etc/rc.local``::

  (cd /var/lib/haas && su haas -c 'haas serve_networks') &

HaaS Client:
------------

If your authentication backend is null, you only need to have the ``HAAS_ENDPOINT`` defined
in the ``client_env``. In productions system where non-null backend is active,
end users will have to include a username and password as additional parameters in ``client_env``
file to be able to communicate with the haas server.
If you created a admin user for haas as a part of `Setting Up HaaS Database` step,
you will have to pass those credentials to HaaS to be able to access, change state of HaaS.
Create a file ``client_env`` with following entries::

    export HAAS_ENDPOINT=http://127.0.0.1/
    export HAAS_USERNAME=<haas_admin_username>
    export HAAS_PASSWORD=<haas_admin_password>

To get started with HaaS from your home dir do the following::

    source client_env
    haas list_nodes all

If you get an empty list ``[]`` as output then congratulations !!
At this point, you should have a functional HaaS service running!

Describe datacenter resources
------------------------------

For HaaS to do anything useful, you must use the HaaS API to populate the
database with information about the resources in your datacenter -- chiefly
nodes, their NICs and the ports to which those NICs are attached. These are
the relevant API calls:

- ``node_register``
- ``node_delete``
- ``node_register_nic``
- ``node_delete_nic``
- ``port_register``
- ``port_delete``
- ``port_connect_nic``
- ``port_detach_nic``


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Supreme Court Denies GOP Request To Reverse Election Results In Pennsylvania
The Supreme Court dismissed an attempt to reverse the outcome of the Pennsylvania presidential election, suggesting that the high court would not go along with the extraordinary attempts of President Donald Trump to seek another term after a decisive loss against Joe Biden in the popular vote and the Electoral College.
Republican Rep. Mike Kelly filed the case, alleging that a 2019 state law permitting universal mail-in voting is illegal and that all votes cast by mail in the Pennsylvania general election should be tossed out.
Kelly filed the case on November 21, along with many others, and demanded that Pennsylvania would have to reject the 2.5 million-plus mailed ballots or allow state lawmakers to choose presidential electors. Republicans govern the legislature in Pennsylvania.
On November 28, the state Supreme Court unanimously denied the appeal, arguing that the GOP had taken too long to challenge the law.
Alito, the Pennsylvania court judge who supervises emergency matters for the court, had previously provided election officials time until December 2, 2020 to file a response to Kelly's appeal. But on November 29, Alito moved that deadline up to December 1, 2020, the same day that marks the "safe harbor" deadline, which acts as a cut-off date by which states must settle and certify the results of any remaining election disputes.
Kelly argued that Act 77, which allows voters, for any reason, to cast ballots by mail, is not constitutional. But lawyers representing the administration of Pennsylvania said that his claims were baseless.
On November 24, with Biden winning by more than 80,000 votes, Pennsylvania certified its election results. There are 20 electoral votes in Pennsylvania.
The reluctance of the Supreme Court to nullify the election results of Pennsylvania is a setback to Trump, who refused to back down and spoke explicitly about his urge for the country's highest court to step in and assist his campaign.
In states that it did not win in the November 3 election, Trump's campaign has filed several lawsuits – legal moves that have not progressed too much in states like Arizona, Michigan, Nevada, and Pennsylvania. Trump and his supporters' legal teams lost appeals within a matter of hours in courts in six states.
The Associated Press announced that a federal judge tossed out a lawsuit in Michigan opposing the outcome of the presidential election, bluntly using the expression, "This ship has sailed."
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What scientists describe as a miniature tyrannosaur roamed the continent about 96 million years ago, and predated the ferocious beast most know as T. rex.
Feb. 22 (UPI) -- Scientists have discovered a new tyrannosaur species, a miniature T. rex that roamed North America some 96 million years ago.
The new species, Moros intrepidus, is the oldest Cretaceous tyrannosaur yet found in North America.
The early fossil record has provided evidence of a diversity of medium-sized, primitive tyrannosaurs dating to the Jurassic period, around 150 million years ago. And 80-million-year-old Cretaceous deposits have offered plenty of fossil evidence of large tyrannosaurs.
Until now, paleontologists have learned little of the 70-million-year gap separating the two fossil-rich deposits. The newly discovered species could help scientists better understand how T. rex and its ferocious peers became apex predators.
"When and how quickly tyrannosaurs went from wallflower to prom king has been vexing paleontologists for a long time," Lindsay Zanno, paleontologist at North Carolina State University, said in a news release. "The only way to attack this problem was to get out there and find more data on these rare animals."
Zanno and her colleagues found the new fossil evidence, including teeth and a hind limb, hiding in the rocks of Utah's Upper Cedar Mountain Formation -- deposits dating to the beginning of the Late Cretaceous.
Researchers described the Moros intrepidus fossil in the journal Communications Biology.
Unlike the tyrannosaurs that came later, like T. rex, the newly discovered species was relatively small. The mini tyrannosaur was roughly the size of a modern mule deer, measuring just three to four feet tall from the hip.
Despite, Moros intrepidus's diminutive size, scientists claim the species was still a fearsome predator.
According to Zanno, the new species offers proof that tyrannosaurs had all the tools to become apex predators. All that was lacking was size.
When scientists situated Moros intrepidus on the tyrannosaur family tree, they determined the species' relatives hail from Asia. Research last year showed the land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska served as a migrational superhighway for dinosaurs -- just as it did millions of years later for early humans.


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3 May 2016 8:28am
R.W. Baird is an employee-owned, international wealth management, capital markets, private equity and asset management firm with offices and operating affiliates in the United States, Europe and Asia. Baird has distinguished a track record of success by leveraging InterAction to facilitate their deal-team communication and enhance their client service within the financial services industry
R.W. Baird, established in 1919, is one of a dozen major preferred stock dealers in the United States serving institutions, corporations and individuals. It also provides equity capital to private companies for growth or change in control through Baird Capital Partners. Its research department covers hundreds of companies with special focus on 13 industries indigenous to the United States' Midwest region.
Although Baird has grown to more than 2,000 associates worldwide, the firm lacked a centralized contact management system to effectively store client information such as who knows whom and bankers' communication with clients and colleagues. Ready access to this information is increasingly critical to drive deals forward, manage client relationships, prevent potential conflicts of interest and reduce duplicative efforts.
With four to six bankers working on each transaction, deal teams had to gather their daily communication, piece them together and distribute consolidated documents to other offices in order to keep everyone apprised of their activities, progress and potential pit falls. This was inefficient, led to delays in communicating transaction developments and ultimately affected the firm's ability to develop business and service its clients.
Following a merger with a UK investment bank, Baird lacked the tools necessary to provide direct visibility into the collective relationships the combined firm had around the world. Without ready access to this intelligence, the firm was unable to effectively leverage its expanded relationship network.
The fluid nature of deals often means that client needs change midstream. To respond effectively, the firm needed quick access to relationship data. Baird's existing contact management system was cumbersome, making it difficult for bankers to get the reports and information needed quickly and without the aid of a programmer. It also didn't have the features and functionality that would enable its professionals to truly leverage the firm's global network of relationships.
All of our intelligence is now in a dynamic, adaptive system.
—Michael Mcneil, First Vice President & Director of Information Technology, Baird Capital Markets
LexisNexis® InterAction®, the relationship management software solution for financial services firms.
According to Michael McNeil, first vice president & director of information technology at Baird Capital Markets:
Understanding Who Knows Whom
"InterAction helps us uncover relationships that we couldn't readily find before. For example, we can instantly retrieve all companies and people we know in a particular industry. We can find other contacts that know these people. If we don't have direct relationships, InterAction helps us find intermediaries that we can leverage for introductions that can move our deals forward."
Immediate Response to Clients
"From the client's perspective, being adaptive is mandatory. Being immediately adaptive gives Baird a competitive advantage. By providing immediate access to our universe of relationships, InterAction allows us to respond to client needs faster. When a situation changes, we can react within minutes instead of hours or days. And our bankers no longer have to spend their valuable time summarizing their daily activities — it's all captured, as it happens, in InterAction with little or no additional effort. All of our intelligence is now in a dynamic, adaptive system."
Knowledge Remains After Employees Leave
"While Baird enjoys very low turnover relative to the industry, we do encounter staff departures. When this occurs, valuable relationship intelligence, deal models, communications, etc., usually leave too. With InterAction, that knowledge base survives the departure and allows the firm to keep those relationships and other intelligence as a firm asset for future use."
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The Iwamatsu Dam (岩松ダム) is a dam situated in Hokkaidō, Japan. Work began on the dam's construction in 1939. The construction was completed in 1941.

Location
The Iwamatsu Dam is located at latitude N 43°111' 49 and longitude E 142°56' 11.

Dam Details
Iwamatsu Dam is Concrete Gravity dam 37.2 meters high. Its crest is 190.5 meters long. The dam's volume is 78 thousand m3. The total catchment area of the dam is 788km2. The dam has a total water surface area of 102ha. The dam's reservoir can hold a maximum of 9026 thousand m3 of water.

Purpose
The dam was a constructed to serve a variety of purposes. Among its main functions are agricultural irrigation, flood control, water supply for industry, river flow maintenance, hydropower generation, recreation and water supply.  The dam can generate up to 12,000 kW of Hydroelectric power.

References

Dams in Hokkaido
Dams completed in 1941


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Comment: Squeezing suppliers is short-termist
18 January 2018Kirsty McGregor
Arcadia Group's latest demand for a discount from its suppliers underlines a key dilemma facing the fashion industry – how and where to make cost savings.
While the move has been met with outrage from suppliers, Arcadia has sought to defend itself, explaining that the cost of delivering to its customers through "new channels" is "considerably higher" than traditional retail.
Presumably the main channel it is referring to here is online, where fast fashion players such as Boohoo, Missguided and Asos are putting a huge amount of pressure on high street retailers to increase their speed to market.
Like its competitors, Arcadia has had to invest heavily in its systems, distribution and workforce structure to deal with these new demands. It said this investment would ultimately benefit its suppliers.
However, although a 2% discount may not sound like much, high street suppliers have been steadily squeezed for years and are already operating on paper-thin margins. They will agree to discounts rather than risk losing a large order or future business from that retailer, but that doesn't make it the right thing to do, nor is it sustainable in the long term. We have seen some well-known suppliers go under in recent years because their margins became unviable.
As one Drapers reader argues: "All the investment [Arcadia is] talking about should translate to higher demand or better efficiencies, and should not be funded by suppliers."
Arcadia is by no means the only retailer making tough demands of its suppliers. JD Williams, House of Fraser and Debenhams are among those to have asked for discounts over the past few years.
Last year, we undertook an investigation into the relationship between retailers and suppliers and found that, for many, it was already at breaking point, as the weakness of sterling piled pressure on both sides to cut costs.
Retailers are understandably reluctant to raise prices in what is an increasingly tough economic environment. However, squeezing suppliers could have a serious knock-on effect, as costs within their own businesses may need to be cut to keep margins at a sustainable level. There are only so many ways suppliers could do this – by looking at staff costs, property and of course product, which may suffer as suppliers are forced to seek cheaper base fabrics and trims.
Large retailers have suppliers over a barrel, but demanding discounts is taking a short-term approach that has wider negative implications for the industry. Instead, they should be working with suppliers to identify efficiencies, as well as continuously looking at ways to streamline their operations.
Arcadia Group
Suppliers squeezed as high street hits new low
11 June 2019Olivia Pinnock, Isabella Fish
UK suppliers and brands are facing a "nightmare" as they struggle to secure credit insurance with an increasing number of retailers amid turbulent trading conditions.
Sportswear takes the lead in transparency
24 April 2019Harriet Brown
Sportswear and outdoor brands including Adidas, Reebok and Patagonia have been ranked the most transparent fashion brands in the annual Fashion Transparency Index.
How Quiz can improve its score
18 June 2019Angela Rumsey
Fast fashion retailer Quiz Clothing is hoping to pave the way back to profit growth after reporting a slump in earnings two years after its IPO. Will its plans work?
Fashion brands fail to pay supply chain workers living wage
7 June 2019Katie Imms
A new report claims that "no major clothing brand" is able to show that workers making their clothing in Asia, Africa, Central America or Eastern Europe are paid enough to escape poverty.
Anonymous18 January 2018 10:41 pm
In fairness it's not only Arcadia... other companies are coming up with the same tactics, like the department store with the heartwarming adverts at Christmas. The thing is, different channels have different cost structures, but using suppliers to bankroll inefficiency in managing your channel costs is a slippery slope to travel down.
ANDREW PACE22 January 2018 2:06 pm
It's nothing new. They aren't the first and won't be the last. Suppliers always take the brunt of it.
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Brady, Gronkowski remain on injury report for Week 14
Updated: 4:22 PM EST Dec 5, 2018
Michael Dwyer
New England Patriots tight end Rob Gronkowski, left, and quarterback Tom Brady speak at midfield after beating the Kansas City Chiefs in an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 14, 2018, in Foxborough, Mass. (AP Photo/Michael Dwyer)
SOURCE: Michael Dwyer
New England Patriots stars Tom Brady and Rob Gronkowski both remain on the team's injury report.Brady and Gronkowski both had limited participation in Wednesday's practice for the Week 14 matchup against the Miami Dolphins on Sunday.Brady was limited by a knee injury for the third consecutive week.Gronkowski landed on the report for the second week in a row with ankle and back injuries.Other players appearing on the team's injury list Thursday were tight end Dwayne Allen, who is dealing with a knee injury, and safety Patrick Chung, who was listed with an injured shoulder.
FOXBOROUGH, Mass. —
New England Patriots stars Tom Brady and Rob Gronkowski both remain on the team's injury report.
Brady and Gronkowski both had limited participation in Wednesday's practice for the Week 14 matchup against the Miami Dolphins on Sunday.
Brady was limited by a knee injury for the third consecutive week.
Gronkowski landed on the report for the second week in a row with ankle and back injuries.
Other players appearing on the team's injury list Thursday were tight end Dwayne Allen, who is dealing with a knee injury, and safety Patrick Chung, who was listed with an injured shoulder.


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By Stephen Farrand 08 March 2013
Manxman insists he can't win Milano-Sanremo
Kisses on the podium for Tirreno-Adriatico leader Mark Cavendish (Omega Pharma-Quick Step) (Image credit: Sirotti)
Peter Sagan (Cannondale Pro Cycling) wins stage 3 (Image credit: Bettini Photo)
Mark Cavendish was disappointed to be beaten by Peter Sagan in the Tirreno-Adriatico sprint in Narni Scalo but was able to find several positive aspects to yet another hard day of racing in the rain.
It was the first time that Sagan had beaten Cavendish in a head to head sprint, but the Manxman showed that he is on form by surviving the fast pace the Cannondale Pro Cycling Team set on the final climb.
His Omega Pharma-Quick Step squad also bounced back after under performing on stage two, dragging Cavendish up into position in the final kilometre after risking a late crash.
"I think we can take a lot of good stuff from today," Cavendish said despite being unhappy about losing.
"It was a difficult climb to be fair. Cannondale went hard and I lost a lot of position, I was just happy to hang on. The team went well considering the conditions and we can be happy with how it went, though obviously not the result."
Cavendish explained that Tom Slagter (Blanco Pro Cycling) disrupted the Omega Pharma-Quick Step train as they tried to move up to contest the sprint.
"The guys stayed with me and did an incredible job, just like yesterday. I think it was misinterpreted that there wasn't 100 per cent commitment. There was and I was in a lot better position today," he explained.
"Gert (Steegmans) brought me up in the last 500 metres. I tried to get on Greipel's wheel but Peter did a really good job of fighting me back for it, so I went on his wheel. But the road was narrow, just seven metres, and so if you don't your sprint early, then you're behind. We were already spinning out with the speed we were going. I gambled and stayed behind but I ran out of metres to come past Peter. He did it perfect."
Cavendish was happy to praise Sagan for his winning ride but refuted the idea that the young Slovakian should be defined as a sprinter.
"No. Absolutely not. He's not a sprinter," he said with a scowl, before his anger turned to genuine praise.
"He wins sprints but he's not a sprinter. He's definitely a once in a generation rider but he's not a sprinter. He's just good."
I can't win Milano-Sanremo
Despite the testing stage to Narni Scalo confirming his solid form, Cavendish again refused to consider himself a contender for Milano-Sanremo.
Clearly playing mind games with his rivals, the media and perhaps even himself, Cavendish is determined to avoid any pressure and expectation on his shoulders, perhaps to force the other teams to control the race and make the mistake of ignoring him.
"I'm fit, but you're hinting at Milano-Sanremo," he said. "I can't win Milano-Sanremo."


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Thrombosis occurs when blood clots somewhere in the circulatory system. Depending on the size of the clot, there are multiple treatment options.
A pulmonary embolism is a blood clot in the lungs and can be treatable, depending on its size. The clot must be very small for effective treatment.
A pulmonary saddle embolism is a blood clot located at the bifurcation of the pulmonary arteries, high up in the chest.
Thrombosis and deep vein thrombosis clots can be detected through ultrasound and CT scans with contrast, although detection is often extremely difficult.
Small to medium pulmonary embolisms may be detected by CT scans, chest x-rays, decreased lung sounds and a higher concentration of d-dimer, a small protein fragment present in the blood. Again, detection can be extremely difficult.
A pulmonary saddle embolism is virtually undetectable because of its location.
The warning signs for thrombosis can include shortness of breath, anxiety, chest pain, general soreness or weakness, coughing up pink foam, pain in the arms or legs and the loss of skin color below the clot.
The warning signs for a small pulmonary embolism that has not yet fully blocked any arteries may include shortness of breath, change in heart rate, change in blood pressure, tightness in the chest.
With a massive pulmonary embolism, including the majority of saddle embolisms, there are few if any warning signs. Often, a patient only has time to take a final breath.
Thrombosis and deep can be treated with blood thinning medication and stents to open up veins.
Microscopic pulmonary embolisms often shower the lungs and close off small air sacs within the lungs. These can be treated with blood thinning medication, supplemental oxygen and in some cases, respiratory support.
Small embolisms can be treated with blood thinning medication and can even self-resolve.
When large pulmonary embolisms occlude only one pulmonary artery, treatment is still possible because there is still at least one working pulmonary artery.
There is virtually no treatment for saddle embolisms that block both pulmonary arteries.
When a saddle embolism breaks loose, the clot can block both pulmonary arteries, depending on its size. Patients suffering from this condition — especially those with very large clots — will likely become unconscious within 15-30 seconds and are usually brain dead in less than four minutes.
Even with immediate CPR, there may not be any chance of survival because of the blockage at the bifurcation of the arteries. Treatment of a saddle embolism is almost always ineffective unless the embolism is microscopic.
A saddle embolism might possibly be treated with immediate endovascular surgery; however, Calhoun Liberty Hospital does not have this capacity. Without this immediate surgery, a saddle embolism that blocks both arteries is 99 percent lethal.


There is free 3-hour parking in the structure behind the building.
The entrance is in the front of the building located on Main St. It is by a bus stop and it has the Vision VR Arcade logo on the glass door.
Bring your game face and your friends. We can hold up to 8 people per appointment.
What is the max number of people I can bring?
We have a maximum occupancy limit of 8 guests total. Bring your friends!
Do you have drinks and snacks?
We sell non-alcoholic sodas, waters, sports drinks and energy drinks, along with small snack-bags and party bags of chips.
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