Junior Nursing major Joan Lauren Stewart accepts her $1,000 scholarship.
Two nursing students at Southwestern received $1,000 scholarships recently from a local organization. Grace Ann Porter and Joan Lauren Stewart, both junior nursing majors, received these awards.
Ridglea Lone Star TBW is a local organization affiliated with Texas Business Women, Inc. According to Suzanne Schlabs, scholarship chair for the organization, the mission of Ridglea Loan Star TBW is to provide resources for leadership, networking and advocacy to empower women to succeed personally and professionally.
Junior Nursing major Grace Ann Porter stands with Suzanne Schlabs.
Any man or woman interested in becoming a member can contact Susanne Schlabs at s.schlabs@yahoo.com. Meetings are the first Thursday of each month at 6 p.m. at Mimi's Café at Bryant Irvin and South Loop 820 in Fort Worth. The July meeting will be on the 11th.
Applications for the 2014 awards will be received in February.


An area of my business I absolutely love and feel very privileged to be part of is photographing expectant mothers. It brings with it a real responsibility to ensure I bring out and celebrate everything that is beautiful about the female form and there is no better time than to capture you only a few weeks before your little one is due.
The ideal time for your shoot is around 8 months. For more intimate images, the shoot is most suited to taking place at your home, however, maternity shoots on location also result in beautiful images. We will spend 2-3 hours together, ensuring we work at your pace so you are relaxed and most importantly, comfortable.
If you'd like to capture your little one at their tiniest, capturing all of those little details in the first few weeks of their arrival, a new born session is a perfect way to record your new love. These sessions are very gentle and relaxed and take place at your home, in natural light, where you are all comfortable. I always advise that new born sessions take place 2-3 weeks from birth. We can book a provisional date, just in case there are any late arrivals and confirm dates closer to the time.
However, if you'd like to wait a little longer and capture images when baby is more alert and developing their own little personalities, baby shoots can be booked up to 6months old.


I help envision and guide experiences for people using products and services accessed via mobile devices, tablets, websites, applications and massive-scale digital interfaces. My knowledge of both technology trends and human behaviours makes me ideally placed to help shape a future vision of your customer and product experience.
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text:
The evidence that our Earth is substantially older than 6,000 years
The Ken-Cat
By Christadelphian Ken Gilmore
Editor's Note: This article is not written by the Ken-Cat, except for the first two paragraphs. The rest is a RationalWiki article that Ken has kindly drawn our attention to. Thanks to Ken for finding it for us.
There are some things in life about which one can be utterly certain. One of them is the fact that the Earth is considerably older than 6000 years, being around 4.5 billion years old, give or take a few tens of millions of years. Therefore, YEC, irrespective of what its advocates think the Bible says is automatically wrong. It is based on a confused, hopelessly ignorant reading of the Bible by amateurs utterly devoid of illumination from the ancient Near Eastern context of the creation narratives, and made in defiance of an avalanche of evidence which confirms beyond doubt the reality of an ancient Earth.
Almost all YECs are dimly aware that radiometric dating is cited by mainstream science as providing evidence for an ancient Earth, but almost always are completely unaware of the actual science behind the method, as well as the fact that the great antiquity of the Earth was accepted by mainstream science well before the discovery of radioactivity and the science of geochronology which developed from it and which confirmed spectacularly the relative dating methods used by 19th century geologists. The truth is that there are many methods which confirm the reality of an ancient Earth and an even more ancient universe. An excellent summary of the evidence for an ancient Earth and ancient Universe is at RationalWiki and is reproduced below the fold.
Evidence against a recent creation (From RationalWiki)
The evidence against a recent creation is overwhelming. There is perhaps no greater attack upon science and rational thought than the doctrine of a recent creation of the planet Earth and/or the universe. This article collects known evidence that places a minimum age of the Earth beyond the usual 6,000 years quoted by Young Earth creationists (YECs). Deep time is the idea, held to be credible by natural researchers since the early 19th century, that the Earth is millions or billions of years old, rather than the few thousand of young earth creationism. The accepted age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years,[1] while the entire universe is around 13.77 billion years.
These ages weren't just made up. They were devised from a range of experiments and observations made across multiple disciplines of science such as astronomy, geology, biology, palaeontology, chemistry, geomorphology and physics. They have been revised several times based on new evidence, but never to the degree of the many orders of magnitude required to bring them in line with Biblical literalism. YECs, however, ignore these experiments and evidence in favor of pseudoscience and their biblically based view that the world was created by magic.
The entries below are listed in alphabetical order, while in the contents box they can be found listed by the approximate minimum they put on the age of the earth. It is also important to note that these dating methods are not mutually exclusive: where their range, accuracy and applicability overlap, the dates they produce are concordant with each other. It should be noted that YECs regularly claim that all types of radiometric dating are unreliable, going so far as to attempt to discredit the discipline through dishonest practices. [2]
1 Contents by minimum age
2 Amino acid racemization
3 Baptistina asteroid family
4 Continental drift
5 Coral
6 Cosmogenic nuclide dating
7 Dendrochronology
8 Distant starlight
9 Erosion
10 Fission track dating
11 Geomagnetic reversals
12 Helioseismology
13 Human Y-chromosomal ancestry
14 Ice layering
15 Impact craters
16 Iron-manganese nodule growth
17 Lack of DNA in fossils
18 Length of the prehistoric day
19 Lunar retreat
20 Naica megacrystals
21 Nitrogen impurities in natural diamonds
22 Oxidizable carbon ratio dating
23 Permafrost
24 Petrified wood
25 Radioactive decay
26 Relativistic jets
27 Rock varnish
28 Seabed plankton layering
29 Sedimentary varves
30 Space weathering
31 Stalactites
32 Thermoluminescence dating
33 Weathering rinds
Amino acid racemization
Isoleucine, demonstrating its stereochemistry.
Amino acid racemization dating is a technique that is used to date fossilized objects up to several million years in age. The naturally occurring amino acid molecules usually possess a carbon centre with four different groups joining it; a hydrogen atom, the amino group, the acid group (hence the name of the class of molecule) and a side chain, which is what distinguishes amino acids. In three dimensional space, such a molecular topology can occupy one of two configurations. Convention labels these as D or L, which are referred to as stereoisomers and are essentially mirror images of each other. The ratio of these two isomers is initially unequal. With only one exception, naturally occurring amino acids used in polypeptide synthesis are in the L form. Over time this will decay to a more balanced state in a process called racemization, where the ratio between L and D stereoisomers will be equal (a racemic mixture).
Measuring the degree of racemization and other known quantities can show an estimated age of the sample. This is measured fairly unambiguously by the fact that different stereoisomers rotate plane polarised light in opposite directions (it is this interaction that determines the D and L labels) and so a ratio can be determined by contrasting an unknown sample with a pure D or L sample and a racemic mixture. By measuring the racemization of the amino acid isoleucine, for example, objects can be dated up to several million years old.[3]
While it is true that there can be great variability on the rate at which amino acids undergo racemization, the changes in humidity, temperature, and acidity required to make the oldest known samples conform to a young earth (under 6000 years) view are completely unreasonable. Such conditions would destroy all traces of the amino acids rather than just leave a racemic mixture of the molecules behind.
Baptistina asteroid family
The Baptistina asteroid family is a cluster of asteroids with similar orbits. This group was produced by a collision of an asteroid 60 kilometers in diameter with an asteroid 170 kilometers in diameter. Researchers from the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and the University of Prague have traced the orbits of these asteroids back from their current locations and estimated that the original collision happened 160 (±20) million years ago.[4] 2011 data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer has revised the collision date to 80 million years ago.[5]
Fossil areas across landmasses.
Based on the continuity of fossil deposits and other geological formations between the South American and African tectonic plates, there is much evidence that at some point in history the two continents were part of the same landmass. Because tectonic drift is an incredibly slow process, the separation of the two landmasses would have taken millions of years. With modern technology, this can be accurately quantified. Satellite data has shown that the two continents are moving at a rate of roughly 2 cm per year (roughly the speed of fingernail growth), which means that for these diverging continents to have been together at some point in history, as all the evidence shows, the drift must have been going on for at least 200 million years.[6]
Corals are marine organisms that slowly deposit and grow upon the residues of their calcareous remains. These corals and residues gradually become structures known as coral reefs. This process of growth and deposition is extremely slow, and some of the larger reefs have been "growing" for hundreds of thousands of years. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority estimates that corals have been growing on the Great Barrier Reef for 25 million years, and that coral reef structures have existed on the Great Barrier Reef for at least 600,000 years.[7]
Cosmogenic nuclide dating
The influx of cosmic rays onto the earth continually produces a stream of cosmogenic nuclides in the atmosphere that will fall to the ground. By measuring the build-up of these nuclides on terrestrial surfaces, the length of time for which the surface has been exposed can be inferred. This technique can be used to date objects over millions of years old.[8]
See the main article on this topic: Dendrochronology
Clearly defined tree rings.
Dendrochronology is a method of dating based on annual tree growth patterns called tree rings. Tree rings are the result of changes in the tree's growth speed over the year, because trees (in normal conditions) grow faster in the summer and slower in the winter. Thus, a tree's age can be found by counting the rings. Dendrochronology is the only method on this list that can date events precisely to a single year.
Now, any date derived from one individual tree is not in itself contradictory to the recent creation doctrine, since even the oldest trees aren't much older than 5,000 years or so. (However, it would make a global flood impossible.) However, it is possible to extend the chronology back over many different trees. This is done by taking the matching up living tree rings with dead tree rings, which go on longer than the living rings. Because the thickness of tree rings varies with the climate, a sequence of thick ring, thin ring, thin ring, thick ring, thick ring, thick ring, thin ring, thick ring is strong evidence that the corresponding rings formed at the same time. By observing and analyzing the rings of many different trees from the same area, including fossil trees, the tree ring chronology has been pushed back in some areas as far as 11,700 years.[9]
The Hubble Deep Field, taken in 1996, showing light that has been in the cosmic vacuum of space for billions of years, not thousands.
See the main article on this topic: Starlight problem
The fact that distant starlight can be seen from Earth has always been a major problem for the young Earth idea. Because the speed of light is finite, what you are actually seeing when you look at an object is an image of that object from the past. "From the past" here has a few caveats regarding the relativity of our concept of the past, the future, and now. In the BBC Horizon program What Time Is It? physicist and former pop-synth player Brian Cox suggested that, as information cannot travel faster than light, and that time and space are relative, it can be considered that that the stars actually are what they look like "now", in a manner of speaking. Either way, though, the bottom line is still the same; the light has travelled a certain distance, for a certain time, before arriving on Earth to be seen by our eyes or telescopes. We can use this data to put a minimum time on the existence of the universe, by looking at how long some light has been travelling for.
On Earth, the delay caused by the speed of light is incredibly minor — when you look at an object a mile away, the light has been travelling for five microseconds. When you look at the Sun, you are seeing light that has been in transit for 8.3 minutes. It's more noticeable with sound and distant objects, but only because the light from things such as distant explosions or jet fighters is so much faster. There's still a delay and transit time for the information that says whatever made the light/sound must have been around that long ago to produce it.
On the cosmic scale of things, this delay is far from minor and really is noticeable. When astronomers look at the closest star to Earth (Alpha Centauri), which is roughly four light years away, they are seeing the star as it was four years ago from our perspective. When astronomers look at objects in the region of space known as the "Hubble ultra deep field", they are seeing the stars there as they were over ten billion years ago. Light we are receiving from these fields has been travelling for ten billion years, and the universe must have, therefore, existed long enough for that transit time to take place.
Therein lies the problem for young Earth creationism; if the universe is only 6,000 years old, how can objects billions of light years away — and therefore billions of years old — be seen?
There are a few creationist "zingers" to solve this problem, but are almost exclusively centred around pretending the problem doesn't exist. One is omphalism, which suggests the light was already in place and on its way 6,000 years ago, which is basically like saying that "6,000 years ago, the world was created 14 billion years ago", which is a form of Last Thursdayism. They also like time dilation fields and changing the speed of light, but this requires a lot of Goddidit to make it work, as there is zero evidence for why the speed of light should change. There are a lot of issues surrounding changing fundamental physical constants such as c, namely that according to E=mc2, increasing c to make the world 6,000 years old would lead to normal radioactive decay blowing the planet up. Qualified astrophysicist Jason Lisle came up with the "anisotropic synchrony convention", which exploits how to reliably measure of the speed of light, but suffers from special pleading in that it assumes a highly unlikely physical reality deriving from a mathematical quirk is literally true - and there is no additional evidence for such a thing.
Many places on Earth show evidence of erosion taking place over very long time periods. The Grand Canyon, for instance, would have taken millions of years to form using the normal rate of erosion seen in water.[10] Nevertheless, Young Earthers insist it was cut in a few years following the Great Flood - but in order for this to happen the rocks of the Kaibab Plateau would have needed to have the solubility of granulated sugar, rather than the more solid stone that it's made of.[11] VenomFangX of YouTube claimed that the Grand Canyon would have formed in about "5 minutes", which at the very least would require the water to travel 5-6 times the speed of sound.[12]
In the case of the Yakima River in Washington State between Ellensburg and Yakima, the river meanders with many oxbows typical of a slow-moving river on a plain, yet it is set within a deep canyon with visible layers of erosion. The only possible explanation is that the pre-existing river maintained its original bed as slow tectonic forces caused the surrounding land to rise underneath and around it.
Fission track dating
Fission track dating is a radiometric dating technique that can be used to determine the age of crystalline materials that contain uranium. As uranium decays, it sends out atomic fragments, which leave scars or "fission tracks" in crystalline structures. Because decaying uranium emits fragments at a constant rate, the number of fission tracks correlates to the age of the object.[13] This method is generally held to be accurate, as it shows a high degree of concordance with other methods such as potassium-argon dating.[14]
Geomagnetic reversals
A geomagnetic reversal is a change in the polarity of the Earth's magnetic field. The frequency at which these reversals occur varies greatly, but they usually happen once every 50,000 to 800,000 years, and generally take thousands of years.[15] This fact is obviously inconsistent with the notion of a young Earth; around 171 reversals are geologically documented, which would make the Earth at least 8.5 million years old.[6]
Helioseismology
The composition of the Sun changes as it ages. The differing composition changes the way sound waves behave inside the Sun. Using helioseismic methods (models of pressure waves in the sun), the age of the Sun can be inferred. Using this method, an Italian team came up with an age of 4.57 +/- 0.11 billion years.[16]
Human Y-chromosomal ancestry
See the main article on this topic: Y-chromosomal Adam
The Y-chromosome, unlike most DNA, is inherited only from the father, which means that all DNA on the human Y chromosome comes from a single person. This does not mean that there was only one person alive at that time, but that a single man's Y-chromosomal DNA has out-competed the other strains and is now - not taking into account smaller and less drastic mutations - the only one left. Because the only factor affecting the makeup of the DNA on the chromosome is mutation, measuring mutation rates and extrapolating them backwards can tell you when this man lived. The most recent calculations put this common ancestor as having lived 340,000 years ago.[17]
Ice layering
A section of an ice core with clearly defined annual layers.
Ice layering is a phenomenon that is almost universally observed in ice sheets and glaciers where the average temperature does not rise above freezing.
Annual differences in temperature and irradiation cause ice to form differently from year to year, and this generates alternating layers of light and dark ice, much like tree rings. This method is considered a relatively accurate way to measure the age of an ice sheet, as only one layer will form per year. While there have been a few cases where several layers have formed per year, these incidents do not challenge the ability of ice layering to provide a minimum age, as these false layers can be discerned from the real thing upon close inspection.
Currently, the greatest number of layers found in a single ice sheet is over 700,000, which clearly contradicts the idea of an Earth less than 10,000 years old. Even if one were to assume an absurdly high average of ten layers per year, the age demonstrated by this method would still be far greater than that suggested by young Earth creationists.[18]
Nevertheless, the minimum age of the Earth identified by these means is 160,000 years. (+/- 15,000 years.)
Impact craters
The number of impact craters can provide a probable lower limit on the age of the Earth. Asteroid strikes that can produce craters on the order of kilometers across are extremely infrequent occurrences; the chance of an asteroid with an Earth-crossing orbit actually striking the planet has been estimated at 2.5 x 10−9 yr−1, and when multiplied by the estimated number of Earth-crossing asteroids this approximates about one collision for every 313,000 years.[19] If this frequency is correct, the number of impact craters on Earth were it only a few thousand years old should be very few. The most logical number of observable >1km impact craters for a young Earth would in fact be something like zero — a number that is completely at odds with the observable evidence, since over one hundred such craters have been discovered .[20]
A crater 1,200 meters in diameter.
Even if creationists were to present some scenario in which many dozens of large asteroids could hit the Earth in less than 6000 years, there are still tremendous problems with this idea. The largest asteroid impacts are some of the most catastrophic events the world has ever seen. In Antarctica there is a crater 500 km in diameter which is calculated to have been caused by an asteroid 48 km in diameter roughly 250 million years ago.[21] How the life we see today could have survived such an incident (if it had occurred in the last 6000 years) is a serious problem for YECs; an asteroid impact that big would have led to the extinction of all medium to large size species, an event that — given the creationist model; short time frame, no evolution — the world would have never recovered from.
Iron-manganese nodule growth
An iron-manganese nodule
Beryllium-10 (10Be) produced by cosmic rays shows that iron-manganese nodule growth is one of the slowest geological phenomena. It takes several million years to form one centimeter (and some are the size of potatoes).[22] Cosmic ray produced 10Be is produced by the interactions of protons and neutrons with nitrogen and oxygen. It then reaches the earth via snow or rain. Since it is reactive, it gets absorbed by detritus material, within a timespan of about 300 years- very short compared to its half-life. Thusly, 10Be is excellent for use in dating marine sediment.
Lack of DNA in fossils
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the universal carrier of genetic information, is present in all organisms while they are alive. When they die, their DNA begins to decay under the influence of hydrolysis and oxidation. The speed of this decay varies on a number of factors. Sometimes, the DNA will be gone within one century, and in other conditions, it will persist for as many as one million years. The average amount of time detectable DNA will persist though is somewhere in the middle; given physiological salt concentrations, neutral pH, and a temperature of 15 °C, it would take around 100,000 years for all the DNA in a sample to decay to undetectable levels.[23]
If fossils of the dinosaurs were less than 6,000 years old, detectable fragments of DNA should be present in a sizable percent of dinosaur fossils, especially in the Arctic and Antarctic regions where the decay of DNA can be slowed down 10-25 fold. A claim that soft tissues in a Tyrannosaurus fossil had been recovered in 2005[24] have since been shown to be mistaken,[25] supporting the idea that dinosaur fossils are extremely old.[26]
Length of the prehistoric day
Work by John W. Wells of Cornell University, New York has shown that certain pieces of extremely old coral show evidence of a growth rate which reflects a time when a year had 400 days of 22 hours each.[27] Because the rate of change of the rotation of the Earth is relatively predictable—about 0.005 seconds per year—one can calculate the last time a year had 400 days, which was about 370 million years ago (which is also about the same as radiometric dating of the coral).[28]
Lunar retreat
South African rocks studied by geologist Ken Eriksson contain ancient tidal deposits indicating that at some point in the past, the Moon orbited "25-percent closer to Earth than it does today."[29] The distance between the Earth and the Moon is 384,403 kilometers, so for Ken Eriksson's work to fit with a YEC timescale the Earth would have to have been receding at a speed greater than 15 kilometers per year. However, the Moon is currently receding from the Earth at a rate of 3.8 centimeters per year.[30]
Naica megacrystals
The Naica Mine of Chihuahua, Mexico is the home of some of the largest gypsum crystals on earth. Specimens in the area have been found to exceed 11 meters in length and 1 meter in width. Based on classical crystal growth theory, these crystals are older than one million years.[31]
Nitrogen impurities in natural diamonds
Nitrogen is the most common impurity in natural diamonds, sometimes by as much as 1% by mass. Recently formed diamonds, however, have very little nitrogen content. A major way synthetic diamonds are distinguished from natural ones is on the basis of nitrogen permeation. It takes long periods and high pressures for the nitrogen atoms to be squeezed into the diamond lattice. Research on the kinetics of the nitrogen aggregation at the University of Reading have suggested that a certain type of diamond, Ia diamonds, spend 200-2000 million years in the upper mantle.[32]
Oxidizable carbon ratio dating
Oxidizable carbon ratio dating is a method for determining the absolute age of charcoal samples with relative accuracy. This dating method works by measuring the ratio of oxidizable carbon to organic carbon. When the sample is freshly burned, there will be no oxidizable carbon because it has been removed by the combustion process. Over time this will change and the amount of organic carbon will decrease to be replaced by oxidizable carbon at a linear rate. By measuring the ratio of these two allotropes, one can determine ages of over 20,000 years ago with a standard error under 3%.[33]
The formation of permafrost (frozen ground) is a slow process. To be consistent with the young earth creationist model, which states that all sediment was deposited by the global flood, there would have to be absolutely no permafrost present at the end of the flood, because any permafrost that was present at the moment of creation would have been melted during the flood.
Because earth is a good insulator and permafrost forms downward from the surface, it would have taken much more than the few thousand years allotted by creation theory to produce some of the deepest permafrost. In the Prudhoe Bay oil fields of Alaska, the permafrost which extends over 600 meters into the ground is believed to have taken over 225,000 years to reach present depth.[34]
See the main article on this topic: petrified forest
The process in which wood is preserved by permineralization, commonly known as petrification, takes extensive amounts of time. Gerald E. Teachout from the South Dakota Department of Game has written that "the mineral replacement process is very slow, probably taking millions of years".[35]
It is true that in the laboratory petrification can be achieved in a matter of months, but petrification is far slower in natural conditions.
Radioactive decay is the constant predictable decay of unstable atoms into more stable isotopes or elements. Measurements of atomic decay are generally considered one of the most accurate ways of measuring the age of an object, and these measurements form the basis for the scientifically accepted age of the Earth. There are many different variations of the radiometric dating technique such as radiocarbon, argon-argon, iodine-xenon, lanthanum-barium, lead-lead, lutetium-hafnium, neon-neon, potassium-argon, rhenium-osmium, rubidium-strontium, samarium-neodymium, uranium-lead, uranium-lead-helium, uranium-thorium, and uranium-uranium, of which every single one will date objects far older than 10,000 years.[36]
Because radiometric dating is one of the most commonly used methods of determining age, these techniques are under constant attack from young earth supporters. A few creationists, armed with only a cursory knowledge and a desire to think that they're better than scientific "experts", may misunderstand radiometric dating and just not believe it works. This is often accompanied by ignoring the high concordance of radiometric methods.
However, the most frequently used method of attack is to give examples of objects of known ages that were dated incorrectly. These instances are by far the exception rather than the rule and are usually due to unforeseen contamination or other errors that can be quickly identified and compensated for. This is not "cheating" and forcing results to conform to expectations as many young earth creationists may claim, it is making the data as accurate and precise as possible (if it is "cheating" then cleaning your camera lens to get a better and clearer picture is also cheating).
Relativistic jets
A drawing of quasar GB1508 and its relativistic jet
A relativistic jet is a jet of plasma that is ejected from some quasars and galaxy centers that have powerful magnetic fields. It is conjectured that the jets are driven by the twisting of magnetic fields in an accretion disk (the plate-like cloud of matter) found encircling many celestial objects. In super-massive bodies, immensely strong magnetic fields force plasma from the accretion disk into a jet that shoots away perpendicular to the face of the disk. In some cases, these columns of plasma have been found to extend far enough to refute the idea of a young universe.
For example, the quasar PKS 1127-145 has a relativistic jet exceeding one million light years in length.[37] Because the speed of light cannot be exceeded, this column must be over one million years old. Moreover, these jets are generally billions of light years from Earth, meaning they were at least a million years old several billion years ago due, again, to the speed of light.
Rock varnish
Rock varnish is a coating that will form on exposed surface rocks. The varnish is formed as airborne dust accumulates on rock surfaces. This process is extremely slow; between 4 μm and 40 μm of material forms on the rock every thousand years, and instances of 40 μm of accumulation are very rare.[38] Because the rate of accumulation is generally constant, measuring the depth of the varnish can provide dates for objects up to 250,000 years old.[39]
Seabed plankton layering
Fossils of dead plankton that layer on the ocean floor is used to gauge temperatures from the past, based on the chemical changes of Crenarchaeota, a primitive phylum of microbe. Much like ice layering and dendrochronology, researchers drill through the ocean floor to extract samples which indicate annual temperature fluctuations in the plankton fossils, or "chemical rings" as it were. A 2004 pioneering expedition to the Arctic Ocean near the North Pole collected samples dating back to over 56 million years of temperature dating.[40]
Sedimentary varves
Varves are laminated layers of sedimentary rock that are most commonly laid down in glacial lakes. In the summer, light colored coarse sediment is laid down, while in the winter, as the water freezes and calms, fine dark silt is laid down. This cycle produces alternating bands of dark and light which are clearly discernible and represent, as a pair, one full year. As is consistent with the old earth view, many millions of varves have been found in some places. The Green River formation in eastern Utah is home to an estimated twenty million years worth of sedimentary layers.
The creationist response is that, instead of once per year, these varves formed many hundreds of times per year. There is, however, much evidence against accelerated formation of varves.
Pollen in varves is much more concentrated in the upper part of the dark layer, which is thought to represent spring. This is what would be expected if varves formed only once per year because pollen is much more common at this time.[41]
In Lake Suigetsu, Japan, there is a seasonal die-off of diatoms (calcareous algae) that will form layers in the bottom of the lake along with the sedimentary varves. If the 29 thousand varves in the lake formed more than once per year, there should be several sediment layers for every layer of deceased algae. However, for every one white layer of algae in Lake Suigetsu, there is only one varve.[42]
The varve thickness in the Green River formation correlates with both the 11 year sunspot cycle and the 21 thousand year orbital cycle of the earth.[43]
Space weathering
Space weathering is an effect that is observed on most asteroids. Extraterrestrial objects tend to develop a red tint as they age due to the effects of cosmic radiation and micrometeor impacts on their surfaces. Because this process proceeds at a constant rate, observing the color of an object can provide the basis for a generally reliable estimate. The ages provided by this dating technique exceed millions of years.[44]
Stalactites
A stalactite
A stalactite is a mineral deposit that is usually - though not exclusively - found in limestone caves. They are formed on the ceilings of caverns by the slow deposition of calcium carbonate and other minerals as they drip, in solution, over the stalactite. These formations take extremely lengthy periods to form; the average growth rate is not much more than 0.1 mm per year (10 centimetres (4 inches!) per thousand years). With such a slow rate of formation, if the earth was less than ten thousand years old we would expect to see the largest stalactites being not much longer than one metre.[28] In fact stalactites frequently reach from the ceiling to the floor of large caverns.
It is true that cases of accelerated growth have been observed in some stalactites, but rapid growths are only temporary, as the rapidly growing stalactites quickly deplete the surrounding limestone.[28]
Thermoluminescence dating
Thermoluminescence dating is a method for determining the age of objects containing crystalline minerals, such as ceramics or lava. These materials contain electrons that have been released from their atoms by ambient radiation, but have become trapped by imperfections in the mineral's structure. When one of these minerals is heated, the trapped electrons are discharged and produce light, and that light can be measured and compared with the level of surrounding radiation to establish the amount of time that has passed since the material was last heated (and its trapped electrons were last released).
Although this technique can date objects up to approximately 230,000 years ago, is only accurate on objects 300 to 10,000 years in age. This is, however, still over 4,000 years older than the creationist figure for the age of the earth.[45][46]
Weathering rinds
Weathering rinds are layers of weathered material that develop on glacial rocks. The weathering is caused by the oxidation of magnesium and iron rich minerals, and the thickness of this layer correlates with the age of a sample. Certain weathering rinds on basalt and andesite rocks in the eastern United States are believed to have taken over 300,000 years to form.[47]
Lower limit on the age of the universe
The incontrovertible evidence for common descent
Branches of science you have to ignore to believe in Young Earth Creationism
101 evidences for a young age of the earth and the universe - a "side by side" rebuttal.
▪ Chris Stassen (1996). "The Age of the Earth".
1. Note: The formation of an entire planet is a process spanning millions of years. Suggesting the earth is 4.54 billion years old does not imply a sudden point of creation - merely that the process that formed the planet began around that time.
2. Kevin R. Henke. "Young-Earth Creationist 'Dating' of a Mt. St. Helens Dacite: The Failure of Austin and Swenson to Recognize Obviously Ancient Minerals". No Answers in Genesis.
3. Michael D. Petraglia, Ravi Korisettar (1998). Early Human Behaviour in Global Context. Routledge Education. Page 63. ISBN 0415117631.
4. Sherriff, Lucy (September 6, 2007). "Dino-killing asteroid traced back 160m years". The Register.
5. Plotner, Tammy (2011). "Did Asteroid Baptistina Kill the Dinosaurs? Think other WISE..." Universe Today.
6. Laurie R. Godfrey (1983). "Scientists Confront Creationism". W. W. Norton & Company, Canada. Pages 35-36. ISBN 0393301540.
7. A "big picture" view of the Great Barrier Reef
8. Manz, Lorraine. "In-situ Cosmogenic Nuclides: Their Role in Studying the Age and Evolution of Landscapes, or what "as old as the hills" really means". Accessed January 21, 2007.
9. Mark Isaak (2004). "Claim CG010"(TalkOrigins). Accessed November 6, 2007.
10. General scientific consensus had been 6 million years, but new research reported 17 million years as the time it took to form
11. The Geologyof the Grand Canyon
12. Why Do People Laugh at Creationists (Part 1)
13. "Fission track"(Minnesota state university). Retrieved on September 30, 2007.
14. Johns, Warren H. (1977). "THE IMPACT OF TEKTITES UPON AN ESTIMATED 700,000 YEAR HISTORY OF DEEP-SEA DEPOSITS"(Geoscience Research Institute). Retrieved on September 30, 2007.
15. "Geomagnetic reversal" (2007, August 26), from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 07:37, October 6, 2007.
16. A. Bonanno1, H. Schlatt, and L. Patern. "The age of the Sun and the relativistic corrections in the EOS". Accessed January 12, 2007.
17. "An African American paternal lineage adds an extremely ancient root to the human Y chromosome phylogenetic tree". American Journal of Human Genetics 92 (3): 454
18. Matt Brinkman (1995). "Ice Core Dating"(TalkOrigins). Accessed October 8, 2007.
19. Shoemaker, Eugene M (1983). "Asteroid and comet bombardment of the earth". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 11: 461-494.
20. Impact Structures listed by Diameter
21. Gorder, Pam F. "BIG BANG IN ANTARCTICA -- KILLER CRATER FOUND UNDER ICE"(OSU Research). Accessed October 26, 2007.
22. IAS
23. Michael Hofreiter, David Serre, Hendrik N. Poinar,Melanie Kuch and Svante Pääbo (2001). "ANCIENT DNA" Accessed November 22, 2007.
24. Leesem, Don (March 24, 2005). Scientists recover T. rex soft tissue Accessed August 22, 2008.
25. New research challenges notion that dinosaur soft tissues still survive (retrieved 12 February 2009)
26. Aldhous, Peter (18 May 1996). Dinosaur DNA fails new test of time" Accessed November 22, 2007.
27. Wells, John W. (1963). CORAL GROWTH AND GEOCHRONOMETRY. Nature 197: 948 - 950.
28. Dave E. Matson (1994-2002). "How Good Are Those Young-Earth Arguments?"(Talk.Origins). Accessed October 6, 2007.
29. "Torn Away: The Moon's Violent Birth". space.com. Accessed August 9, 2008.
30. According to Wikipedia's article on the moon
31. Fermín Otálora, Angels Canals, Carlos Ayora, Roberto Villasuso, Juan Manuel García-Ruiz (2007). "Formation of natural gypsum megacrystals in Naica, Mexico". Geology 35: 327-330.
32. T. Evans, Zengdu Qi (1981). "The kinetics of the aggregation of of nitrogen atoms in diamond". Proceedings of the Royal Society, London. A 381, 159-178.
33. Douglas S. Frink (1995). APPLICATION OF THE OXIDIZABLE CARBON RATIO (OCR) DATING PROCEDURE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PEDOGENIC RESEARCH. Accessed November 2, 2007.
34. Virgil J. Lunardini (1995)."Permafrost Formation Time"(US Army Corps of Engineers). Accessed November 28, 2007.
35. Teachout, Gerald E. "PETRIFIED WOOD OF SOUTH DAKOTA"..
36. Chris Stassen (1996-2005)."The Age of the Earth"(TalkOrigins). Accessed October 9, 2007.
37. Ron Cowen (2002)."X-Ray Universe: Quasar's jet goes the distance". Science News 161: 101.
38. Tanzhuo Liu and Wallace S. Broecker (2000). "How fast does rock varnish grow?". Geology 28: 183-186.
39. Tanzhuo Liu. "Rock Varnish Microlamination (VML) Dating"(VML Dating Lab). Accessed October 19, 2007.
40. Revkin A.C., Studies Portray Tropical Arctic in Distant Past New York Times June 1 2006. Accessed July 14th 2014
41. Glenn R. Morton (2002). "Pollen Order Presents Problems for the Flood". Accessed October 17, 2007.
42. Hiroyuki Hitagawai, Johannes van Derplicht (1998). "A 40,000-YEAR VARVE CHRONOLOGY FROM LAKE SUIGETSU, JAPAN: EXTENSION OF THE C-14 CALIBRATION CURVE". Radiocarbon 40: 505-515.
43. John R. Dyni (26 June 2000). "VERIFICATION THAT GREEN RIVER VARVES ARE ANNUAL LAYERS". Accessed October 14, 2007.
44. Robert Jedicke, David Nesvorny , Robert Whiteley, Z eljko Ivezic & Mario Juric.(2004) "An age–colour relationship for main-belt S-complex asteroids" Nature 429: 275-277
45. "Thermoluminescence"(Minnesota state university). Retrieved on September 30, 2007.
46. Thomas Berger (2001)."Thermoluminescence dating"(ATOMINSTITUT). Retrieved on September 30, 2007.
47. Bryn Hubbard, Neil F. Glasser (2005). "Field Techniques in Glaciology and Glacial Geomorphology". John Wiley and Sons, United States. Page 355. ISBN 0470844264.
This article on evidence against a recent creation appears at RationalWiki and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license, Version 3.0
Published: Tuesday, July 15, 2014
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Flashback! Each Friday, we're taking a look back at the trends, beauty, music, and cover stars that were all the rage in years past. This week: Get nostalgic for April 2000 as we reminisce about the surge of cell phones, the birth of the "lob" trend, Catherine Zeta-Jones's intimate interview, and more.
Ah, the look of love—and serious style style. The hot-and-heavy pair dated for 13 years, including all of the 1990s. Though they didn't end up together, we love that Hurley (pictured below in Versace) and Grant (in Gucci) have become the best and most supportive of friends. Talk about a happy ending.
Fifteen years ago, only one in three Americans had a cell phone, but we took the opportunity to profile the growing tech trend in our April 2000 issue. From web-enabled Motorola phones (which were larger than more current landlines) to Samsung flip-phones, we introduced the devices as an "essential" buy in our feature. The majority of the models cost between $129 to $699—a price point that makes the Apple Watch look someone reasonable. Can you say throwback?
The R&B hit from the group's second album, The Writing's on the Wall, rose to the top of the billboard charts, winning two Grammys and one MTV Video Music Award for Best R&B Video. Listen to the tune through Spotify above.
The actress opened up to InStyle in April 2000 about her engagement to Michael Douglas (he had recently proposed on New Year's Eve in Apsen). While she wouldn't reveal how he popped the question, she admits that her first reaction to the vintage 1920s, 10-carat engagement ring was "Are you out of your mind?". But perhaps the biggest news was the secret that Zeta-Jones would reveal to the world a week after the interview took place: that she and Douglas were expecting their first child (Dylan, now 14).
Can you say "deja vu"? Meg Ryan's effortless, tousled cut was profiled in our April 2000 issue. "It works on most types of hair, thin to wavy," Sally Hershberger said at the time. If the style seems awfully familiar—look no further than the "lob" haircut, seen recently on stars like Lauren Conrad, Kate Upton, and more. Everything old is definitely new again.


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People in Spain not only eat different foods, they also eat at different times.
Dinner: served late – around 9:00 PM – and tends to be lighter version of lunch.
All meals are accompanied by water (which is completely safe to drink from the tap) or another beverage if requested.
Spain offers excellent fresh fruit, vegetables, fish, bread, cheeses, and nuts. Most families will do their food shopping daily to restock on fresh goods.
Maintaining an open mind and trying new foods will only add to your overall experience.


text:
Trump's Intersectional Weekend
2020 coalition
2020 Democrats
American sovereignty
bumpstock ban
constitutional liberty
gun bans
Trump campaign
UN Arms Trade Treaty
George Rasley, CHQ Editor | 4/29/19
President Trump was on a roll over the weekend undoing another Obama assault on American sovereignty and re-cementing major elements of his electoral coalition.
For the third consecutive year, President Donald Trump was the keynote speaker that the National Rifle Association of America's annual convention.
Trump's Friday speech renewed his commitment to defend the rights guaranteed by the Second Amendment. Even though some firearms enthusiasts and Second Amendment advocates remain discomfited by the administration's apparently unlawful bumpstock confiscation policy, the President stepped-up to revoke one of the Obama administration's more blatant assaults on the Second Amendment by rescinding American adherence to the UN Arms Trade Treaty.
"In recent days, leading Democrats have proposed banning new guns and confiscating existing guns from law-abiding citizens," Trump said according to reporting by Tony Cook and Amy Bartner, of the Indianapolis Star. "What they don't tell you is the bad guys aren't going to give up their guns."
Trump used his speech to announce he would pull out of the Arms Trade Treaty, a global 2014 pact designed to regulate the sale of myriad conventional weapons.
"We will never surrender American sovereignty to anyone," Trump said, adding later, "We are taking our signature back."
He then he signed a document from the podium, asking the U.S. Senate to immediately stop the ratification process, and send the agreement back to him so he could rescind U.S. participation.
Cook and Bartner reported the President then threw what he called the "famous pen" he had just used into the audience.
He then blasted Democrats for resisting his efforts to construct a wall on the nation's southern border.
"Democrats want to disarm law-abiding Americans while allowing criminal aliens to operate with impunity, but that will never happen while I'm your president," Trump said according to Cook and Bartner.
Earlier, Vice President Mike Pence, a former Governor of Indiana, invoked Charlton Heston's famous "from my cold, dead hands" slogan in showing his support for the NRA's mission.
"Well, I'll make you a promise: Under this president and this vice president, no one is taking your guns," he said. "Firearms in the hands of law-abiding citizens don't threaten our families, they protect our families."
The NRA, which has more than 5 million members, is a key part of Trump's base. Members have counted on Trump supporting their mission to defend the Second Amendment's right to bear arms and resist legislative efforts to enact stronger gun control measures observed Newsweek's Jessica Kwong.
"Donald Trump is the most enthusiastic supporter of the Second Amendment to occupy the Oval Office in our lifetimes. It is truly an honor to have President Trump address NRA members for the fifth consecutive year," NRA-ILA executive director Chris Cox said in a statement reported by Ms. Kwong.
"President Trump's Supreme Court appointments ensure that the Second Amendment will be respected for generations to come," said the NRA-ILA statement. "Our members are excited to hear him speak and thank him for his support for our right to keep and bear arms."
But the most important line in President Trump's speech wasn't about the Second Amendment, it was about how he is building his 20202 coalition: "In America, we don't worship government. We worship God."
That saying in itself is a direct testament to the policies the Trump administration has pursued said Beth Baumann in a recent piece for Townhall. The White House has worked diligently to roll back red tape, rein in illegal immigration, cut welfare fraud and get the American people standing on their own two feet. Instead of relying on the government to provide every single bit of what we have, Americans are standing up and saying, "We trust in God to provide for us," concluded Ms. Baumann.
And just as President Trump's Supreme Court appointments ensure that the Second Amendment will be respected, so his Supreme Court appointments and policies suggest that the First Amendment and religious liberty will also be respected – which is one reason why a recent Pew Research poll found that "70 percent of evangelicals continue to support President Trump."
Democrats and the Far Left often talk about and craft action based on "intersectionality," the theory that oppressive institutions within a society, such as racism, ageism, sexism, and homophobia, do not act independently, but are instead interrelated and continuously shaped by one another.
While we don't buy the idea that all of society is controlled by oppressive intersectional institutions, the Trump team has, from the beginning of his unlikely rise to the Oval Office, recognized that the key elements of a winning political coalition on the Right do intersect, and their nexus is constitutional liberty, especially as protected by the First and Second Amendments. Trump's speech to the NRA was a strong indicator that his reelection will be all about gathering every voter who can be identified at that intersection and getting them to the polls.


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text:
Prep roundup: La Cueva baseball grabs sole possession of 2-6A lead
By ABQJournal News Staff
Saturday, April 15th, 2017 at 8:55pm
It's not like the La Cueva Bears need any help these days, but they got some on Saturday, anyway.
The top-ranked Bears swept a District 2-6A baseball doubleheader from visiting Sandia, 4-2 and 5-4 — the latter victory coming in walkoff fashion — but La Cueva ended the day with an additional bonus on top of those two victories:
First place all by itself in 2-6A.
With Mitchell Parker of Manzano firing a 3-hitter (with 12 strikeouts) at Eldorado on Saturday in winning the opener of that doubleheader 4-1, the Bears (19-1, 6-0) took a one-game lead over the Eagles (14-5, 5-1) in the district standings.
La Cueva, which has won 19 straight games, and Eldorado meet in a doubleheader next Saturday at Eldorado at 10 a.m.
Ben Schoneman (6-0) and Jonathan Stroman (who earned the save) pitched the Bears to a win in Game 1, while Chris Campbell hit a solo home run for La Cueva.
In Game 2, Devin Borin and Wes Alexanderson combined on the win, and Richard Ware delivered the game-winning RBI in the bottom of the seventh against the Matadors (9-10, 2-4).
The Eagles, after losing to Parker and the Monarchs in the opener on Saturday, regrouped and captured the second game, 3-1. Parker's previous two starts had seen Manzano lose 1-0 decisions, to La Cueva and then to Clovis.
The Wildcats on Saturday took a pair from Santa Fe, 5-4 and 8-4, as Clovis (15-7, 4-2) resides in third place in 2-6A.
n In 1-6A action Saturday, Piedra Vista blanked Cibola 11-0, as the Panthers (17-6, 3-2) pulled into a second-place tie with Rio Rancho and Cleveland.
CLEVELAND 7, RIO RANCHO 3: At Cleveland, the Storm took advantage of three first-inning errors by the Rams to take a 5-0 lead and never were threatened the rest of the way in a District 1-6A game.
An RBI double by Aliehs Ortiz in the fifth, with Ortiz scoring on a throwing error, upped the Storm's lead to 7-0.
The Rams (11-11, 1-2) scored their runs in the sixth, when Cleveland (11-9, 2-1) committed two errors; Venessa Gallegos, going 3-for-4 to lead her team, drove in the Rams' last run with her second double.
Catcher Ashlea Ortega and Ortiz had two hits apiece to lead the Storm, which was outhit 13-9 by the Rams.
"We've got to limit errors — that's what's going to win this district," Cleveland coach Angel Castillo said. "(We knew) our offense was going to be a little bit different than a lot of home runs like we had last year, so these girls had to figure out different ways to score.
"Just like I said at the beginning of the year, this is going to be the most-exciting 6A softball season ever."
— Gary Herron
CIBOLA 9, PIEDRA VISTA 7: In Farmington, the Cougars (11-7, 2-1 in 1-6A) scored six runs in the fourth inning and overcame a 6-1 deficit against the Panthers (11-9, 3-1).
DISTRICT 2-6A: La Cueva (19-0, 6-0) took two from Sandia (15-4, 4-2) on Saturday, 6-1 and 9-4, to solidify its hold on first place in District 2-6A. Eldorado also is 4-2 after sweeping Manzano.


This seminar will offer a unique opportunity to hear about how thought leaders in the automotive industry are adapting to comply with changing legislation. Gain insight into government activity from the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA), and hear industry specialists reveal the impact that changing emissions regulation has had on their processes. Discounts on delegate rate for LowCVP members!
The Institute of Air Quality Management (IAQM) presents their annual air quality conference Routes to Clean Air 2017, a two-day conference which brings together air quality professionals from transport to local government.
The Low Carbon Champions Awards are designed to identify and promote examples of outstanding and innovative practice in accelerating the shift to lower carbon vehicles and fuels and reducing road transport emissions.
LowCVP are pleased to announce that the 2017 Low Carbon Champions Awards will be hosted by Energy 2017, which is held as part of UK Construction Week. This year's presentation gala dinner will take place at the Concourse Suites 1 & 2, NEC, Birmingham on the evening of Wednesday 11 October.
The LowCVP is to run a series of seminars at the Energy 2017 exhibition at the NEC, Birmingham on Wednesday October 11. The series entitled The Electric Vehicle Revolution: Managing Impacts on the Powergrid will take place during the afternoon immediately preceding the LowCVP Low Carbon Champions Awards gala dinner at the same venue. Speakers are already confirmed from National Grid, EA Technology, Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks, UK Power Networks and Drive Electric. The seminars precede the LowCVP's Low Carbon Champions Awards at the same venue.
Western Power Distribution's Balancing Act conference on low carbon technologies will seek to generate discussion around: Future challenges for the Low Voltage (LV) Network; the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in preparation for 2040; the electrification of heat and the latest learnings from our storage trials.
The 'Every Journey, Every Child' conference takes a child health perspective to showcase, to an international policy audience, London's approach to tackling air pollution and implementing healthy streets, and to demonstrate – with examples from the US, Latin America, Africa and Asia – how other major cities around the world are grappling with similar issues and following similar paths to re-imagining their urban space. The conference seeks to build on the commitment by governments in the Habitat III New Urban Agenda that a 'safe and healthy journey to school for every child is a priority', and the Sustainable Development Goal targets on road safety and air quality, to promote practical action around the world.
Greenfleet Arrive "n" Drive is the UK's fleet event dedicated to helping business fleets to lower emissions and costs. The event provides an intensive day of unique driving experiences, insight and information exchange to enable managers to make fleet procurement decisions with confidence.
This Clean Vehicle Retrofit Technology Workshop is being organised by the LowCVP in partnership with the Joint Air Quality Team. The aim of the workshop is to raise awareness amongst the Local Authority community about the role of retrofit technologies in reducing NOx emissions from diesel vehicles, share the findings of LowCVP's CBTF/CVTF Evaluation Report and share local authority case studies.
This year the Welsh Automotive Assembly are changing the theme of Autolink to look at the trends in automotive with the technologies and products required to meet the needs of future mobility. There will be an excellent panel of speakers and there will be space for organisations to display their products.
This Energy Saving Trust event will examine low carbon housing, city energy planning and sustainable transport issues. It will look at how cities can best deliver low carbon transport solutions and infrastructure to improve local air quality and meet future mobility needs, the potential of integrated urban energy planning and the opportunities to map out its energy system through to 2050 as well as solutions for transforming energy performance of new and existing housing.


March 2016: The same hacking group that allegedly breaches the DNC [Democratic National Committee] computer network may also breach computers of some Clinton presidential campaign staffers.
The hacker or hacking group is known by the nickname Fancy Bear, and is alleged to be working for the Russian government. Fancy Bear gets into the DNC network in April 2016, which makes it separate from the efforts of Cozy Bear (alleged also to be linked to Russia) or Guccifer 2.0 (alleged to be a "lone hacker") which in either case got into the network for about a year. Fancy Bear's attack on Clinton's staffers is said to start in March 2016, according to the security firm SecureWorks. Targets include Clinton's communications and travel organizers, speechwriters, policy advisers, and campaign finance managers.
March 1, 2016: FBI Director James Comey says he is "very close personally" to the Clinton investigation.
These are very similar to comments Comey made on October 22, 2015.
March 1, 2016: One withheld email could be evidence in the FBI's Clinton investigation.


The programme committee invites proposals for individual papers (20 minutes) and themed sessions (90 minutes). Any session format – including sound installations, performance-based presentations, or workshops – may be proposed, as long as it fits into a 90-minute slot. The committee welcomes proposals from early-career researchers as well as leading scholars and practitioners. The aim is to represent the wide interests of the RMA's membership at this milestone conference.
Themed sessions: abstracts (as above) for each of the contributions to the session. In addition, a 400-word rationale (also pdf format) that makes clear the purpose of the session, its theme and the ways in which the individual contributions relate, both thematically and in terms of organization and timing (for example, four 15-minute position papers followed by a half-hour discussion). Please include full contact details of the convenor, and indicate what equipment is needed.
They must arrive no later than 5.00pm (GMT) on Saturday 30 November 2013. The committee aims to notify proposal authors of its decision by early February 2014. Those selected will be asked to confirm their acceptance and may make revisions to their abstract and (where applicable) timings. The full programme will be announced and booking will open by Easter. Abstracts will be published on the RMA's website in July.
Note: All participants (save Le Huray and Dent guests and designated conference organizers) are required to register and pay the applicable fee. Registration fees cannot be guaranteed at this stage, but are expected to be no more than £65 for RMA members and £75 for non-RMA members, with concessions available at half-price and a discount offered for early-bird registration.
You do not have to be an RMA member to propose a session or a paper, or to participate. However, you will find it well worth joining at http://www.rma.ac.uk1. It will entitle you to a discount on the conference registration fee, free hard-copy and online access to the Journal of the Royal Musical Association and the RMA Research Chronicle, exclusive discounts on a wide range of publishers' books, professional news and views in the monthly e-bulletin and twice-yearly printed newsletter, and much more besides.


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text:
Q: How modify a class attribute through a reference of it? For exemple in the below example:
class myClass():
    def __init__(self):
        self.A = 1.

class essai():
    def __init__(self):
        self.C = myClass()

    def ref(self):

        mystring = 'C.A'
        nameclass, nameparam = mystring.split('.')
        print(nameclass, nameparam)
        print(getattr(getattr(self,nameclass),nameparam))
        Ref = getattr(getattr(self,nameclass),nameparam)
        print(Ref)
        self.modify_val(Ref,2)
        print(self.C.A)

    def modify_val(self,x,y):
        x=y

E=essai()
E.ref()

What I would like to do is getting the reference to the attribut A of the C class in essai. The point is I would like to use that reference to update the value of C.A in the method modify_val. By using a string that contains the class and the attribute I want modify (mystring = 'C.A'), I don't understand how I can get a reference to that attribute (C.A for instance) and how I can use that reference to modify the attribute. In my example, modify_val function don't update the C.A value because Ref is not acually a reference.
Therefore I get :
C A
1.0
1.0
1.0

I would like the last print to be 2

A: I would suggest using setattr(object, name, value)
From the python documentation for setattr

setattr(object, name, value)
This is the counterpart of getattr(). The arguments are an object, a
  string and an arbitrary value. The string may name an existing
  attribute or a new attribute. The function assigns the value to the
  attribute, provided the object allows it. For example, setattr(x,
  'foobar', 123) is equivalent to x.foobar = 123.

by passing nameclass and nameparam directly to modify_val you should be able to do something like this:
def modify_val(self, nameclass, nameparam, value)
    setattr(getattr(self,nameclass),nameparam, value)

Hope that helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Every place Clay and I have ever lived in, even in the country, had city water. When we first looked at our homestead to buy, we were a little worried by the fact that it has a cistern and uses a rain water catchment system to collect rain water as well as the option to haul water from a local city water source. Ok, more than a little worried!
We were not and are not planning on off-grid living, even though we really want a home that can be self-sustainable if need be. An alternate water source seemed doable for our family. And we do like the idea of being prepared in the event a disaster strikes. This system provides that.
What exactly can you use it for?
Is there another source of water?
Will we ever tie into the city water system?
Those questions and concerns were quickly answered and our minds put to ease. So much so that we decided to buy the property!
To answer the first question: How does it work? Well, it works by using gutters and catching the rainfall that comes off the roof. The gutters divert the rain into the cistern, instead of onto the ground. So anytime it rains, our cistern gets a good drink of water! There is a pump connected between the cistern and house that pumps the water in whenever we need it. So faucets, toilets, showers, etc. are used like normal.
Second question: Is it safe to use? Yes.
The gutter is connected to a filter that filters the water before it enters the cistern. This is sort of a pre-filter. We add activated charcoal into this tank. The water flows through the charcoal before going into the cistern and filters out any rooftop sediment, bird droppings, etc.
We're installing a "whole house filter" to filter all the water again before it reaches the inside plumbing. This will take care of anything that is in the cistern and make the water safer. We also have under the sink filters in the bathroom and kitchen. You can't be too cautious when it comes to your water!
Third: Can you drink it and what can you use it for? Technically, you probably could drink it but we don't. We do wash and rinse our dishes with it but I can always fill a wash tub with rinse water and add a drop of bleach or food grade sanitizer <– affiliate link or disinfectant to it to kill any bacteria. The water is tested and comes back safe so we're good with washing dishes but this is an area we will continue to monitor and research.
The fact that it comes off the roof where birds and squirrels may leave droppings, dust gathers, etc sort of turns me off drinking it, even though we do use it for dishes and showers.
So, we use bottled water for drinking and cooking as well as brushing teeth. We use the cistern for showering, laundry, dish washing and toilet flushing.
What if it doesn't rain? Is there another source of water? Yes! While we also have backup holding tanks at the back of the house, collecting rain from those gutters, we also have another 250 gallon tank that we can haul water with. There is a water station 10 – 12 miles away and when our cistern is low or no rain is in store, we haul a few loads of water. This is city water that has been treated and we pay a minimal fee to fill our tanks.
Lastly: Will we ever tie into the city water system?
Well, no. We live in a mountain region and that is not an option here. And for the foreseeable future, it won't be. Unless city water is made available in our area, which it won't, we will continue to use our rain catchment system and collect water in and haul water to our cistern. If it ever becomes available, we'll re-evaluate and check into the cost of tying in as well as options available to us at that time.
I've been asked if I miss having city water? Sometimes I do. It's nice to not have to constantly worry if the cistern is full and to not have to keep an eye on rainfall or haul water in the winter. If I need to do laundry, sometimes I have to haul a load of water first. So that has been a pretty big adjustment.
With that said, though, our kids have learned quickly just how much water we used to waste! We have to!
You do not realize until you have a limited supply just how much water a person uses in a typical day. Or a family for that matter. Before, we were lax about washing clothes. If we couldn't remember if something had been worn we washed it anyway. A washing machine uses 14 – 16 gallons of water PER LOAD! We are a family of 6 with a ton of laundry and sometimes had 5 – 6 loads a day – 2 – 3 days a week! That is a ton of water! And a lot of unnecessary waste to just "wash it anyway".
Now, we combine more loads. We bought a front load washer and it seems to get our clothes cleaner than our old washer even with more clothing per load. It holds more so we can combine loads that we may have once made 2 separate loads . And the clothes are getting just as clean, if not cleaner.
You also don't realize how much water you waste just by flushing the toilets. Each time you flush, several gallons of water are used. 3 or 4 I think. So, now, we flush every other use, if it's just urine and if it's not smelly. We flush EVERY TIME for bowel movements and that time of the month. Ladies, you know what I'm talking about!
We've considered putting the toilet tissue from urinating in a closed trash bin. This would help with the septic tank too, although I've always flushed my toilet paper and never had a problem because I add yeast once per quarter and enzymes once per month. I don't want the toilet tissue to sit in the toilet and clog the bowl and it could flushing every other time. So we've considering putting in the trash. It could help with the septic care in the long run, but that grosses me out and it smells. So we aren't doing that right now. Obviously, I keep a check on how things are working and will change how we do things if that becomes a problem.
We are more cautious with the kitchen and bathroom faucets now too and don't just let the water run when rinsing. We also have a shower head with a pause button on it so when the girls or I are shaving our legs, we can pause the water flow to a trickle and save water, without having to turn it off and reset each time. The kids and Clay and I have all learned a very valuable lesson on water consumption so all in all, this was a great decision for our family!
What is some advice you have for cistern care or water filtration? I'd love to hear your thoughts!
Homesteading: Out With The Old And In With The New!
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The Fox News fallout continues as O'Reilly later apologizes.
Memo to Bill O'Reilly: Your former Fox News colleagues want you to leave them out of your mess.
The latest of those colleagues is Eric Bolling, who said Monday that O'Reilly's claims regarding the recent death of Bolling's son are "beyond inappropriate" and asked he cease discussing it.
Bolling released the statement in response to O'Reilly blaming The New York Times for the death, a puzzling accusation related to media coverage of Bolling's departure from Fox News after Bolling was accused of sending unsolicited lewd text messages to colleagues.
Monday night, O'Reilly tweeted an apology, which Bolling accepted.
It's possible O'Reilly made the initial claim only in retribution: The New York Times published a damning story this weekend revealing that O'Reilly had settled a sexual harassment suit for $32 million before his Fox News contract renewal.
"I believe it is beyond inappropriate for anyone to bring in the tragic death of my son Eric Chase Bolling," Bolling wrote earlier Monday. "Just as Bill O'Reilly had wanted to shield his children from the allegations against him, I hope he will honor my request and avoid any future mentions of my son.
Bolling ended his statement with a not-so-subtle shot at O'Reilly, drawing a clear comparison between his own "amicable" departure from the station and O'Reilly's lengthy, more confrontational exit.
Earlier Monday, former Fox News host Megyn Kelly defended The New York Times story about O'Reilly, revealing that she, too, had complained to her superiors at the network about his conduct.


All pieces from Curiously Off The Cuff have been handmade, upcycled and recycled. The materials that we use in our home accessories are mainly vintage pieces.
Each piece is unique and not reproduced.
As these pieces are not mass manufactured and are one of a kind.
The item that you see will be the item that you will receive.


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Small actions make a BIG difference to Warrnambool's future!
Warrnambool 2040 (W2040) is the community's long-term vision for the future.
W2040 was developed through an extensive community-led process over a two-year period.
The Plan captures the community's aspirations for the future of Warrnambool via four visions and nineteen goals which cover Warrnambool's Environment, Economy, Place and People.
The development of W2040 anticipated the requirement under the new Local Government Act (2020) for each municipality to have a community vision that was to have a scope of at least a decade; that described the community's aspirations and which had to be developed through a deliberative engagement process.
Thousands of residents and hundreds of clubs, groups, schools, businesses and community organisations shared their 'Wishes for Warrnambool' and their aspirations for the future of the City. The plan is owned by the community and the W2040 Network partners, with support for collaboration and project communication by Warrnambool City Council.
Residents and supporters are invited to be part of the #smallactions #BIGdifference campaign. By promising to take small, but important actions, you will help steer Warrnambool towards a better future.
Promise to take action here
Warrnambool will be a city where all people thrive
Warrnambool is a welcoming and inclusive city
Warrnambool is a safe and connected community
Warrnambool prioritises health and wellbeing
Warrnambool values local Aboriginal identity and culture
Warrnambool is a learning community
Warrnambool will be Australia's most liveable regional city
Warrnambool is an affordable and accessible place to live for everyone
Warrnambool is well connected outside the city.
Warrnambool has accessible, high-quality public spaces and facilities
Warrnambool will be Australia's most sustainable city.
ZERO WARRNAMBOOL
ADAPTABLE WARRNAMBOOL
WISE WARRNAMBOOL
NATURAL WARRNAMBOOL
BLUE WARRNAMBOOL
GREEN WARRNAMBOOL
Warrnambool will be Australia's most resilient & thriving regional economy
Warrnambool will embrace digital innovation and technological change
Warrnambool grows its resilient and diverse economy
Warrnambool fosters a creative and collaborative culture
Warrnambool thinks globally


Home » CADWAGO blog » Water governance in the UK and EU: so far, so what & what next?
Water governance in the UK and EU: so far, so what & what next?
This free one-day symposium on water governance in the UK and EU aims to create an agenda for transforming water governance in a context of climate change. Improving water governance is key to achieving a range of environmental, social and economic objectives including food, water and energy security, climate change resilience, health and well-being, and sustainable economic growth.
Existing initiatives that try to transform water governance are present across the world. The symposium brings together a number of these examples, from the OECD's work on water governance to the work done by a catchment community water management group in the UK. Other examples include case studies from the UK, Canada and Australia.
CADWAGO researchers from the Open University have been working with Government bodies, NGOs, consultants, water industry, academics, and others to better understand the current water governance situation and how it might be improved in practice. The results of this engagement along the lines of transformations in stakes and stakeholding, facilitation, institutions and policies, and knowing and learning will be used as a starting point for discussion for the development of an agenda for water governance in the UK and the EU.


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Quinolone Toxicity – "Getting Floxed"
Home/Articles, Conditions & Treatments/Quinolone Toxicity – "Getting Floxed"
Fluoroquinolones are a very effective class of antibiotics including levofloxacin (Levaquin), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), moxifloxacin (Avelox), ofloxacin, gemifloxacin (Factive), and delafloxacin (Baxdela). They work well for otherwise antibiotic-resistant organisms, and many doctors prescribe them as a first line treatment for infection, just assuming that the responsible organisms might be resistant to other lines.
However, we've known for over a decade that fluoroquinolones carry with them a number of possible serious side effects—some of which are considered irreversible, or can persist for years afterwards. There's even a new official term: fluoroquinolone-associated disability (FQAD). Unofficially, it's known as "getting floxed" (because the suffix on the generic form of them is -floxacin, see above). Here's what this can look like, and what can be done about it.
Fluoroquinolones and the Mitochondria
Many of the serious side effects associated with quinolones most likely go back to their toxicity to the mitochondria. I wrote here on mitochondrial dysfunction in depth, but mitochondria are the body's source of ATP, its energy currency. Every cell in the body requires ATP to do its job, which likely explains why quinolones can cause such a broad range of problems… and also why they can persist for so long after the drug is no longer in the system.
Box Warnings for Quinolones
The FDA began to add box warnings to quinolones in July 2008 for tendonitis and tendon rupture (and this is usually my first thought when I hear of an unprovoked Achilles tendon rupture.)
In February 2011, the FDA added to the box warning that those already diagnosed with myasthenia gravis might experience exacerbation of symptoms.
In August 2013, they updated the box warning for peripheral neuropathy. This nerve damage can linger long after the quinolone course is complete.
As of 2018, labels also reflect severe hypoglycemia, depression, suicidality, and psychosis.
Other Floxed Side Effects
And those are just the major box warnings. Quinolones have also been correlated with:
Cardiotoxicity and tachycardia (racing heart)
Low back pain and other chronic musculoskeletal pain
Concentration problems
Treatment for Fluoroquinolone Toxicity
So what do we do about it once the damage is done?
Since the problem occurs at the level of the mitochondria, at least in part, this is a big focus of treatment.
Mitochondrial damage goes hand-in-hand with oxidative stress, so antioxidant support is critical. This study shows that a quinolone-damaged patient reported improvements in disability from antioxidant therapy. NAC is just one of them, but I wrote here on it and how antioxidants work in general.
Supporting the existing mitochondria directly should also be part of the protocol. But it's also important to generate new, undamaged mitochondria if possible.
Fluoroquinolones also tend to chelate out positively charged ions which act as cofactors for a number of enzymatic reactions in the body, such as magnesium, calcium, zinc, copper, manganese, iron, and selenium. All of these minerals are building blocks for health, so testing levels and replacing those that are lacking is indicated.
This also is an area where low dose immunotherapy of the offending drug may be indicated. This is an energetic rather than a biochemical approach to stimulating the body toward reversing the damage it initially caused.
The Upshot
The FDA box warnings were designed to relegate quinolones to "last resort" rather than "first line" treatment of bacterial infections. All pharmaceuticals carry potential side effects, but what makes quinolones so concerning is that these side effects can persist, or even show up long after the initial course of treatment is completed.
But once damage occurs, there is hope. The body is designed to heal itself, as long as we give it the building blocks it needs to do so, and remove obstacles to cure wherever possible.
By Dr. Lauren|2022-01-19T17:27:31-07:00November 27th, 2019|Categories: Articles, Conditions & Treatments|0 Comments


The Lord's prayer is a challenge to focus on God's Kingdom.
It challenges us to look at our own lives and prayers and what our prayers focus on. Do they focus on what God calls us to?
The theme that pervades through today's readings is call. The emphasis that I hear is not only are we called, but we are all called, we are all called into the ministry of our Lord Jesus. There is no dogging this, and saying it's the job of the clergy. We are all called. We are called sometimes to different harvest fields, or maybe a different area of the field, but we are all called. We have to decide who is our Lord. And we show who is in control of our life, or who is our Lord be who we respond to.


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Q: DLookup Or DMax To Find Value I am sure this is fairly simple put I am having trouble getting started on this. I use a Form to invoice clients which includes the field [Billing_Month].  What I'm looking to accomplish is this.  When I create a new invoice, the [Billing_Month] will look to the last invoice created (use [Invoice_#] with DMax?), and populate the value from that that invoices [Billing_Month]
I have thought to use: Billing_Month = DMax ("Billing_Month", "frmInvoices"), but this doesn't specifically get me the last invoice, it would just look for the highest Billing_Month, which is a text field.
I have thought to use: Billing_Month = DLookup ("Billing_Month", "frmInvoices"), But this doesn't get me the last invoice to pull from.

A: I'd use a custom function for this - assuming the underlying table is called tblInvoices:
Function GetBillingMonthOfLatestInvoice()
  Const SQL = "SELECT TOP 1 Billing_Month FROM tblInvoices ORDER BY [Invoice_#] DESC"
  Dim RS AS DAO.Recordset
  Set RS = CurrentDb.OpenRecordset(SQL)
  If RS.EOF Then
    GetBillingMonthOfLatestInvoice = Null
  Else
    GetBillingMonthOfLatestInvoice = RS(0)
  End If
End Function

Update
The above code can be generalised to return other related fields like so:
Function GetValueForLatestInvoice(FieldToLookUp As String)
  Dim RS As DAO.Recordset, SQL As String
  SQL = "SELECT TOP 1 " + FieldToLookUp + " FROM tblInvoices ORDER BY [Invoice_#] DESC"
  Set RS = CurrentDb.OpenRecordset(SQL)
  If RS.EOF Then
    GetValueForLatestInvoice = Null
  Else
    GetValueForLatestInvoice = RS(0)
  End If
End Function

To use, copy the code to a new standard module, then for each relevant text box on the form, set its Default Value property in the Properties window to something like this:
=GetValueForLatestInvoice("Billing_Month")

That would be for the text box holding the billing month value; for the one holding the billing year, you would use
=GetValueForLatestInvoice("Billing_Year")

A: You can use a combination of both DLookup() and DMax() like so:
DLookup("Billing_Month","tblInvoices","[Invoice_#]=" & DMax("[Invoice_#]","tblInvoices"))


N. edge of N.W.1/4, Sec. 16, T. 27 N., R. 2 E., 2nd P.M..
2 MURPHY: -children of John Murphy who operated a tannery just across the road a bit further east.
RUSH, George (A Henry Rush owned land 2 mile E. during late 1840's.
WELCH: An Edward Welch purchased land adjoining this cemetery., after Jan.17, 1852.
And many others & other families.
Noah La Rose: Was a candidate for the Clerk of Indiana Supreme Court-1868. Son of Phillip & Anna Maria [Sherer] La Rose of NC. Noah had two adult brothers named Joshua & John S. La Rose, who like Noah may have born in OH.


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The Library honours Ireland's contribution to world literature in etched glass panels bearing the names of four Nobel prize winners.
The room is furnished with Michael Bell's handmade conference table and chairs, making it an ideal venue for board meetings or similar forums for discussion.
This room offers a built-in projection screen, with audio-visual equipment available for hire.
The library is accessed by stairs or lift.