TPP: The New Gold Standard for Intellectual Property Protection in Trade Agreements?
The Trans-Pacific Partnership, or TPP, with its emphasis on dismantling behind-the-border trade restrictions and on fostering regulatory coherence, is often referred to as the new "gold standard" for preferential trade agreements. The road ahead - in terms of its ratification by the parliaments of TPP members - will be a treacherous one. So far, only Malaysia has ratified the agreement, which was signed last October in Atlanta after five years of negotiations. Moreover, in the case of the US, the public is increasingly skeptical about the benefits of trade agreements and the leading potential candidates to the presidency have expressed doubts about the TPP. All of this suggests that a decision by the US Congress is unlikely to occur in the near term amid the 2016 presidential campaign.
Supporters and opponents of the agreement have been producing conflicting estimates of the TPP's impact on the economies of its member countries. Most standard models, however, tend to confirm a positive (although small) impact in terms of economic welfare. One area in which the TPP is particularly innovative concerns the protection of intellectual property rights, or IPRs.
The history of the "marriage of convenience" between trade policies and IPR protection goes back many decades. IPRs are territorial by nature (i.e., the rights are awarded and enforced at national level), and attempts to promote harmonization and coordination across countries can be traced back to the 19th century. As international trade in knowledge products and foreign direct investment flows expanded significantly in the post-World War II era, conflicts between innovators (at the level of countries and enterprises) and imitators began to increase.
When the 8th round of multilateral trade negotiations (the Uruguay Round) started in 1986, the strategy was refined to go beyond anti-counterfeiting with a view to establish minimum standards of protection and enforcement across a broad array of IPR instruments. The appeal of this approach was to connect the strengthening of IPR protection to the broader trade agenda and to provide access to the dispute settlement mechanism of the multilateral trade system. Most developing countries, in turn, preferred the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) as the institutional locus for IPR discussions. The lack of effective enforcement powers in the WIPO conventions, however, is often presented as the reason behind the American efforts in favor of a trade-related solution. This led to the adoption of the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) as an outcome of the Uruguay Round that led to the creation of the WTO in 1995.
Since then, however, industry groups from innovation-led countries have continued to lobby for the inclusion of IPR chapters in trade agreements, focusing on preferential trade negotiations. The new generation of preferential trade agreements negotiated by the USA - starting with NAFTA - typically included "TRIPS plus" provisions. The EU also followed a similar track. Moreover, IPR provisions became standard in bilateral investment treaties entered by both the US and the EU with other nations.
In negotiating the TPP, the US put emphasis on longer terms of copyright protection and regulatory changes that would effectively translate into longer patent terms and constrain the entry of generic drugs into TPP markets, as well as additional rules for biologic medicines (pharmaceutical products developed from living organisms) including minimum standards for data protection.
- Adjustment for patent office delays in the granting of patents that will promote harmonization of patent granting practices among TPP parties.
It is worth noting that some of these provisions go beyond the "TRIPS plus" aspects that the US had already negotiated on a bilateral basis in the context of its FTA treaties with countries such as Australia, Chile, and Peru. In short, TPP will provide for higher standards of IPR protection that better reflect existing US law.
The TPP (once ratified) offers a natural experiment for the implications of higher standards of IPR protection with respect to innovation and transfer of knowledge. Will the developing countries that are TPP members experience an increase in innovation activities and better access to foreign know-how vis-à-vis countries at similar stages of development that have weaker standards of protection? Or will the TPP simply "export" to other countries the flaws of the US IPR system with its emphasis on litigation (as illustrated by the growing role of non-practicing entities - i.e., entities that focus on licensing and litigation of IPRs rather than production and innovation) and loopholes that allow for strategic behavior to block the introduction of generic drugs. Only time will tell.
Carlos A. Primo Braga is currently an Associate Professor, Fundação Dom Cabral, Brazil and Managing Director, Ouchy Consultoria Empresarial Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil. He is also a Visiting Professor, IMD, Switzerland. Over the period 2012-15, he was Professor of International Political Economy at IMD and Director of the Evian Group@IMD, an international coalition of corporate, government and opinion leaders, united by a common vision of enhancing global prosperity by fostering an open, inclusive and equitable global market economy. Before joining IMD in 2012, he was the Special Representative and Director for Europe, External Affairs (EXT) Vice-Presidency, The World Bank (2011-12). At the World Bank he was also Director, Economic Policy and Debt (2008-10) and, in 2010, he was the Acting Vice President and Corporate Secretary of the World Bank Group and Acting Executive Secretary of the IMF/World Bank Development Committee. He was a Fulbright Scholar (1988-89) and visiting professor (1988-1998) at the Paul Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, an Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of São Paulo (1984-91) and Senior Researcher at FIPE, São Paulo. He holds degrees in Economics (Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; MA, University of São Paulo), and Mechanical Engineering, ITA, Brazil.


Memorial Day is this weekend and with its impending arrival, Houstonians everywhere are dusting off the barbeques. But what about those of us living with diabetes? How can we share in the grilling festivities without throwing off our weekly meal plans? Try out this Pulled Pork BBQ recipe from Diabetic Gourmet Magazine: delicious without throwing your blood sugar levels out of whack.
Rub pork with 1 teaspoon chili powder and garlic powder; place in baking pan. Bake in preheated 425 F oven 30 to 40 minutes or until pork is well browned and juices run clear. Let stand 10 to 15 minutes. Cut into 2 to 3-inch slices; shred slices into bite-size pieces with a fork.
Spray medium saucepan with cooking spray. Cook and stir onion and garlic about 5 minutes or until tender. Add tomatoes, vinegar, mustard, chili powder, maple extract, and liquid smoke to saucepan. Heat to boiling; reduce heat.
Simmer, uncovered, 10 to 15 minutes or until medium-thick sauce consistency. Stir in Equal. Season to taste with salt and pepper. Stir pork into sauce. Cook 2 to 3 minutes or until hot. Spoon mixture into buns.


If you want maximum light simply pull them right back. Or close them right off. We do Vertical blinds for bay windows – a single piece curved track or say a sloped window.
We have a stunning vertical blinds collection from the likes of Arena, Louvolite and Eclipse – an amazing collection of over 500 fabrics, many with special properties. Contemporary Prints, textures, patterns and wonderful sheers – we have them all. Also wipe down PVC Vertical blinds for the kitchen or bathroom environments.
We now also offer the ability to fully customise your Vertical blinds including chrome bottom link & tilt chains, larger 127 mm louvers – meaning less 'stack' when they are pulled back and better blackout. Slimline 'Vogue' Headrails by Louvolite are available in piano black, champagne gold, espresso brown and brushed aluminium. We have louver colours from neutrals to creams, caramels to chocolate shades and yellows to berries – a panacea of colour ! You can even add a fascia pelmet covered with matching fabric…..the list is endless and will really make your vertical blinds truly unique.


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Questa pagina contiene l'intera discografia dei Teflon Brothers dagli esordi fino ad ora.

Album di studio

Mixtape
 2010: Iso hätä

Singoli

Video musicali

Note

Teflon Brothers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Nice gun I guess, but it is definitely chopped, not factory.
The profile of the front sight ramp/blade is the first and most obvious clue (if S&W ever made anything quite like that, they certainly did not do so during the period this model was produced).
The second, more subtle clue appears at left in the second pic: The front sight ramp/blade appears to be not only pinned to the rib, but also affixed to it by some sort of solder or adhesive. Whatever the case, the work is amateurish (and most certainly not factory).
Last edited by Kurt Vogler on Fri Feb 12, 2010 8:49 am, edited 2 times in total.
Very interesting. I am suprised that I have never seen nor heard of this model.
Is it possible that they made these out of top-break revolver frames that had had some sort of booboo done in production?


This part is designed to lock high strength axles in place, eliminating the unnecessary bulk of the VEX high strength clamping collar. Due to the slimmer profile, it allows for more compact designs and it utilizes the axle collar set screw. Before first use, it is recommended to screw in a 3/32 screw repeatedly to break in the threads. The diameter for this part is .75 inches, and the depth is .5 inches. This part was designed by Josef Spanbauer.
This part was made to mount a 1.125 inch radial VEXPRO bearing (PN: 217-4270) onto VEX EDR metal. Due to its design, it fits within a three hole wide c-channel and the nuts utilized to secure this part to the metal lock the bearing in. The small flange keeps the bearing level and prevents it from touching the mounting surface. In order to use axles with this part, VEXPRO bearing axle adapters can be used. The height for this piece is 1.295 inches, the width is 1.5 inches, and the depth is .355 inches. This part was designed by Josef Spanbauer.
This piece was designed to elevate the robot for better access to the underside, making drive maintenance and building easier. Additionally, it allows for testing the drive for speed control, motor inverting , and sensor setup. This part elevates the robot just over 2 inches, but can be modified for varying heights. This part was designed by Josef Spanbauer.


text:
Q: Rich-text font color commenting php code? I am trying to send Richtext data to PHP using Ajax all things working correctly excepts for the font color when I apply the font color it's commenting all the code after that because color is in HEX format i have tried change font color to RGB but it also change after sending to PHP now i have removed it from Textrich but i really need to know how to escape this problem.
This is the code printed by console log

test

this what PHP echo

<font color="

this is the text rich generating code for font color just need to escape the commenting.

now my problem is i am trying to store text-area data in the database but when text area data process by the PHP it's commenting all the code after # i need a way to escape that problem
This is my javascript code
`$('#save_btn').click(function(event){
    event.preventDefault();
      console.log($("#example").val());
    if(text()){
        $.ajax({
        url:'../web/php/addoffer.php?offertitle='+$('#offer_title').val()+'&offer_desc='+$("#example").val()+'&offerstart='+$("#offer_s_date")+'&offerend='+$("#offer_e_date").val(),
        type:'GET',
        success:function(confirmation){
            console.log(confirmation);
        }

        });
    }
});

This is my php code
if(isset($_GET['offertitle']) && isset($_GET['offer_desc']) && isset($_GET['offerstart']) && isset($_GET['offerend'])){
     echo $_GET['offer_desc'];
}

This is the text-rich editor i am using

A: Edit :
Test

With:
Test

That should fix it :)
NOTE: There is no need to add  if "Test" is all that is in the div you can use the style option within the div. Or you could even create
 and give them a class and style that specific class

A: try by givind inline css

Test

A: When AJAX requests fail, you should always examine the request in your browser to determine what exactly is being sent to the server. Your request is being made to the following URL:
url:'../web/php/addoffer.php?offertitle='+$('#offer_title').val()+'&offer_desc='+$("#example").val()+'&offerstart='+$("#offer_s_date")+'&offerend='+$("#offer_e_date").val()

However we already know that the value of $("#example").val() is:

test

Assuming the other values you have in the URL are just regular strings without any special characters, what you have is:
url:'../web/php/addoffer.php?offertitle=somestring&offer_desc=
test
&offerstart=somestring&offerend=somestring'

As you'll notice, this contains the # character, which means that everything after that is treated as a fragment identifier, and not part of the URL itself. Therefore, what PHP actually gets is:
'../web/php/addoffer.php?offertitle=somestring&offer_desc=
<font color="'

You therefore need to url encode all values in the URL so that PHP receives what you would expect. If it is based on user input, I would also recommend encoding the other values as well.
HOWEVER
With all that said, you should not be using GET to perform an action. This should be done using POST. Using GET is totally inappropriate for this. Also with POST you don't have to worry about URL encoding your variables.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
module NewRelic
  module Agent
    module Samplers
  class DelayedJobLockSampler < NewRelic::Agent::Sampler
    def initialize
      super :delayed_job_lock
      raise Unsupported, "DJ instrumentation disabled" if NewRelic::Control.instance['disable_dj']
      raise Unsupported, "No DJ worker present" unless NewRelic::DelayedJobInjection.worker_name
    end

    def stats
      stats_engine.get_stats("Custom/DJ Locked Jobs", false)
    end

    def local_env
      NewRelic::Control.instance.local_env
    end

    def worker_name
      local_env.dispatcher_instance_id
    end

    def locked_jobs
      Delayed::Job.count(:conditions => {:locked_by => NewRelic::DelayedJobInjection.worker_name})
    end

    def self.supported_on_this_platform?
      defined?(Delayed::Job)
    end

    def poll
      stats.record_data_point locked_jobs
    end
  end
end
end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
All fields: recorder
Save to favorites Tempo, Vol. 22, No. 4, March 1971
Save to favorites Tempo, Vol. 15, No. 1, October 1963
Save to favorites Arts and Sciences magazine, Vol. 10, No. 2, Spring 2010
Save to favorites Fiction and Poetry Readings: Erna Brodber (1993)
Save to favorites Interview with Doretha Nichson
Save to favorites Interview with Sabrina Baker-Bouie
Save to favorites Interview with Ana C. Carrasco
Save to favorites Lea water flow recorder and weir at Constant Spring in Kingston, Jamaica
Save to favorites Omelio Sosa teaching Spanish to ninth graders
Save to favorites Veritas, Vol. 02, No. 27, April 2, 1962
Save to favorites Veritas, Vol. 08, No. 15, April 22, 1968
Save to favorites Veritas, Vol. 12, No. 04, November 1, 1971
Save to favorites Veritas, Vol. 28, No. 04, December 1987
Save to favorites Pan Am tours on tape
Save to favorites Clipper, Vol. XXI, No. 1, February 1964
Save to favorites Pan Am news briefs, Vol. 7, No. 13, April 1, 1971
Save to favorites Pan Am clipper, Vol. 21, No. 17, August 17, 1970
Save to favorites Pan Am clipper, Vol. 29, No. 12, June 9, 1969
Save to favorites Pan Am clipper, Vol. 3, No. 4, April 1977
Save to favorites Pan Am clipper, Vol. 12, No. 1, January 1986

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Gardmed was founded in 1996 by Dave Gardner in Port Elizabeth as a small one Ambulance operation. It has since grown to be a major role player in the EMS industry in the Eastern Cape. We have recently reached our 20 year milestone mark in June 2016.


text:
Sharing: The Case for Making Audiobooks Part of Curriculum | Getting Smart
Audiobooks are a valid listening component, providing rich exposure to sophisticated spoken words in school and at home. We've seen evidence of this in the work we do at Tales2go, but wanted to be more rigorous in our approach and have data to support our argument. We contracted with WestEd, a leading educational research nonprofit, to evaluate the use of Tales2go in a San Francisco Bay Area school district.The resulting study was completed in January 2016 and broke new ground by examining the impact of audiobooks on student vocabulary and literacy. The results were noteworthy, indicating Tales2go is a promising literacy tool. It was designed to determine the effect of adding an audiobook listening component to reading instruction, specifically the impact on student vocabulary, reading comprehension and motivation to read.
Source: The Case for Making Audiobooks Part of Curriculum | Getting Smart
I'm always leary of research that just so happens to support the company that paid for the research, but I believe using audio is an overlooked technology. Creating audio is a lot easier than other forms of multimedia, and, if you can handle a robotic voice, audio can be automated.
Sharing: The Dystopian Future of Schools — The Synapse — MediumPresenter View in Google Slides can now elicit questions from the audience


text:
EV Technology Group Announces CEO Wouter Witvoet Will Attend and Speak at World Strategic Forum in Miami Starting Oct 31
TORONTO, Oct. 31, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — EV Technology Group Ltd. (the "Company" or "EV Technology Group") (NEO: EVTG, OTCQB: EVTGF, DE: B96A) announces today that CEO Wouter Witvoet will attend the Miami World Strategic Forum – Investing In Trust Conference on October 31 and November 1. Witvoet will participate in a live panel discussion […]
Kaya Iloilo edges Stallion Laguna
October 31, 2022 November 1, 2022 user2
Kaya Iloilo survived losing one player due to an ejection and deposed Stallion Laguna, 2-1, in the lone Philippines Football League match on Sunday at the PFF National Training Center here. Kaya Iloilo lost Simone Rota after incurring a direct red card for a rough challenge. Still, the club's early barrage turned out to […]
Sermonia PNP's No. 2 anew; 16 other officials get new posts
Philippine National Police (PNP) chief Gen. Rodolfo Azurin Jr. has officially named Lt. Gen. Rhodel Sermonia as deputy chief for administration, the police force's second highest post. Sermonia's designation took effect on Sunday, nearly a month after he was named as the officer-in-charge of the Office of the Deputy Chief for Administration following the […]
3 'submerged' warships retired, awaiting disposal: PH Navy
The Philippine Navy (PN) clarified that the three warships seen on social media and described as "half submerged" are already decommissioned and are awaiting disposal through scrapping. "The three vessels depicted as half-submerged in the picture are in fact the former PN vessels BRP Rajah Humabon (PS-11), BRP Sultan Kudarat (PS-22), and BRP Cebu […]
Time to heal, reflect on one's mortality: PBBM
President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. is hopeful that remembering the saints and departed loved ones will help Filipinos cope with anguish and distress. In his message for All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day, Marcos said the Covid-19 pandemic has forced everyone to "come to terms with mortality". "It taught us to number […]
At least 90 dead as suspension bridge collapses in western India
At least 90 people were killed as hundreds fell in the river after a suspension bridge in the western Indian state of Gujarat collapsed on Sunday, an official said. "The death toll has risen to 90," Devendrasinh Jadeja, a senior fire official, told Anadolu Agency. Jadeja said that the rescue operation is still […]


Aug. 3, 2017, 1:54 a.m.
This mod contains a whole new performance data based on the specs of the existing model.
another version which is a Circuit Spec ( fictional ) and the latest one is a hydrogen version, only one gear.
So since most of the versions were fictional, I went with the most interesting one.
You just have to replace the settings.nfsms file in the archive of the original mod. You can also install it after , by using VLT-Ed 4.2.
1. Open NFS Vlt-Ed v4.2 (with admin rights if you're on Windows 7 or higher) , then open the folder by clicking "File" , then "Open" and select the folder of your game.
Click "File" , then "Import" and select " ModScript ", select "settings.nfsms" in the folder of the mod.
In NFS-VltEd (v4.2) , go to "Game" and select "Restore Backups", and select "Yes". Then save , and close the software.


text:
Qatar, SVG youth could visit for cultural exchanges
1 Dec 2017 - 12:11AM
St. Vincent and the Grenadines has signed a cultural cooperation agreement with the Qatari Ministry of Sports and Culture that speaks to youth from both countries visiting each other to better understand their cultures.
Minister of Finance and Economic Development, Camillo Gonsalves, told a press conference in Kingstown on Tuesday that Qatari youth would probably visit SVG around Carnival time and young Vincentians would go to Qatar during national festivals to learn about Qatari culture.
"And we both believe that people to people links are very important, educating each other about our respective cultures," he said as he reported on a meeting he had with Qatar's Minister of Culture and Sports, Salah bin Ghanem Al Ali.
"In St. Vincent and the Grenadines, some people of the Muslim faith get a bad rap because of what we see on western media and so on. The best way for the truth to come out about the peaceful and friendly nature of people on that side of the world is to go there and see it with your own eyes," Gonsalves said as he reported on a recent official visit to Qatar.
"Similarly, they have a view of the West and of Caribbean people and so on. The best way to bridge those gaps and misunderstandings is for young people to interact with one another."
He said Qatari officials also inquired about a Vincentian presence at their book fair
Gonsalves further said that the Qatari experts in excavation, archaeology and preservation of historical treasure inquired about partnering with the government of SVG in the construction of a facility to display the artefacts unearthed during the construction of Argyle International airport.
The Qatari government also inquired about whether SVG had sufficient artefacts that it can lend to the Qatari museum at an appropriate time to do a display about Amerindian pottery from this part of the world.
"That is not my area of expertise so I simply said I would transmit that information to the relevant people," Gonsalves said.
In the area of sports, both sides discussed SVG's desire for an athletic facility and additional sporting facilities in SVG.
The SVG delegation was put in touch with the entity building the World Cup stadia in Qatar, which also has a mandate to construct facilities in other parts of the world as part of the legacy of the World Cup, Gonsalves said.
He said there was a fruitful discussion about the possibility of Qatar doing something like that in SVG and Kingstown's Minister of Sports, Cecil "Ces" McKie will follow up on those discussions.
"But I will say it was a very, very positive discussion that we had about the construction of a — I am not going to split hairs and say whether it is a facility or a national stadium and all the rest of it — but a facility, certainly, that would accommodate athletics and football here in St. Vincent and the Grenadines," Gonsalves said.


text:
Humberto Fernández-Morán Villalobos (18 de febrero de 1924, La Cañada de Urdaneta, Venezuela - 17 de marzo de 1999, Estocolmo, Suecia), fue un médico y reconocido científico venezolano en el campo de las ciencias físicas y biológicas. Recibió en 1967 el premio Vovain por su invento, el bisturí de punta de diamante. Contribuyó además al desarrollo del microscopio electrónico, y fue la primera persona en introducir el concepto de crioultramicrotomía. Trabajó en el área de criosmicroscopía electrónica, en el uso de lentes superconductores y helio líquido en los microscopios electrónicos. Ayudó en la mejora de los ultramicrotomos.

Fernández-Morán fue el fundador del Instituto Venezolano de Neurología e Investigaciones Cerebrales (IVNIC), precursor del actual Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC). Fue Ministro de Educación al final del gobierno de Marcos Pérez Jiménez, por lo cual, se vio forzado a salir de Venezuela en 1958 perseguido por el nuevo gobierno instaurado, donde sus aportes científicos, fueron vetados de Venezuela. Durante su exilio, se desempeñó como docente investigador de la Universidad de Chicago, siendo uno de los científicos que más aportó al desarrollo del proyecto de la NASA en el programa Apolo.

Estudió medicina en la Universidad de Múnich, donde se graduó summa cum laude en 1944. Se casó con Anna Browallius (de nacionalidad sueca), con la cual tuvo dos hijas: Brígida Elena y Verónica. Fernández era políglota, pues hablaba fluidamente español, inglés, sueco, francés y alemán. Fernández falleció en Estocolmo, producto de un aneurisma cerebral. El cuerpo del Dr. Humberto Fernández fue cremado, y sus cenizas reposan en Suecia, Estocolmo. A veces se confunde con los restos mortales de su padre, Don Luis Fernández-Morán, que sí reposan en el cementerio El Cuadrado, en su ciudad natal.

Infancia y juventud
Humberto nace en La Cañada de Urdaneta, en el hospital de especialidades pediátricas, el 18 de febrero de 1924. Sus padres fueron Luis Fernández-Morán y Elena Villalobos. Humberto, cursa sus estudios primarios en Maracaibo pero solo en parte. Dado que en 1936, con apenas 12 años, tiene que partir al exilio con sus padres y sus hermanos (Tito, Ofelia y Alfonso) a Nueva York, debido a las diferencias políticas que tenía su padre con el entonces gobernador del Estado Zulia, Vincencio Pérez Soto. Posteriormente, poco después de la muerte del dictador Juan Vicente Gómez, Fernández vuelve a Venezuela y continúa sus estudios de bachillerato en el Colegio Alemán de Maracaibo. En 1937, cuando no había concluido la secundaria, es enviado a Alemania por su padre y por recomendación del director del colegio debido a sus altas aptitudes académicas.

Estudios
Humberto Fernández-Morán recibió un B.A. (título de grado) en el instituto Schulgemeinde del distrito de Schwandorf de Baviera y luego fue enviado a la edad de 16 años a estudiar Medicina en la Universidad de Múnich de la Alemania hitleriana. Comienza sus estudios poco después del inicio de la Segunda guerra mundial, su padre trata de convencerlo de que se devolviera a Venezuela, pero se rehúsa a hacerlo. Se gradúa de médico cirujano y doctor en ciencias médicas en 1944. A los 8 meses de haberse graduado regresa a Venezuela pero no logra ejercer su profesión por ser menor de edad. Revalida su título en la Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV) y ejerce por un corto periodo de tiempo en el hospital psiquiátrico de Maracaibo y dando clases de biofísica en la UCV durante 3 meses. Posteriormente realizó un internado en neurología y neuropatologia en la Universidad George Washington desde 1945 a 1946. Desde 1946 hasta 1948 hizo una residencia de neurocirugía en el Hospital Serafimer en Estocolmo con el neurocirujano Herbert Olivecrona, mientras trabajaba como investigador en el área de Microscopía electrónica de 1947 a 1949 en el Instituto Nobel de Física y luego por tres años (1948-1951) en el Instituto de Investigación Celular y Genética, parte del Karolinska Institutet en Estocolmo. En 1951 recibió una maestría en biología celular y el año siguiente su doctorado en biofísica de la Universidad de Estocolmo.

Academia
En el año 1954, Fernández-Morán decide retornar a Caracas y después de conversar con el presidente Marcos Pérez Jiménez sobre la necesidad de contar con un centro de investigación de alto nivel—al estilo norteamericano o europeo— obtiene el apoyo gubernamental para fundar el Instituto Venezolano de Neurología e Investigaciones Cerebrales (IVNIC), dándole una magnífica ubicación geográfica en la cumbre de una montaña llamada Altos de Pipe (estado Miranda). Allí se creó la Biblioteca Científica de Latinoamérica, se instaló el primer reactor nuclear de Latinoamérica y el primer centro científico tecnológico del continente. La creación del IVNIC costó 50 millones de dólares, amparada por las riquezas petroleras del país y del interés del general Pérez Jiménez de llevar a Venezuela a la vanguardia tecnológica y el desarrollo al nivel de los países del primer mundo. La propuesta de Fernández partió de la idea de incorporar los más recientes avances en microscopia electrónica al estudio del cerebro. Desde su inauguración en diciembre de 1954, Fernández dirigió el IVNIC hasta 1958. El 6 de junio de 1955 creó la cátedra de Biofísica de la Universidad Central de Venezuela.

El 13 de enero de 1958, el entonces presidente Pérez Jiménez removió al General Néstor Prato Chacón como Ministro de Educación para nombrarlo Jefe del Estado Mayor, y en su puesto nombró a Fernández, el hombre de mayor prestigio científico del país en su época. Fernández solo duró 9 días en su puesto como Ministro de Educación al ser derrocado Pérez Jiménez. Con la caída del dictador, a Fernández el nuevo gobierno lo obligó a exiliarse en Estados Unidos para no volver a Venezuela en forma permanente. A partir de 1959, el IVNIC se convirtió en el actual Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) y el nuevo gobierno vetó sus investigaciones que fueron bien recibidas en Estados Unidos y Europa. En Boston fue contratado por el Hospital General de Massachusetts como asistente de biofísica del servicio de neurología hasta el año 1962. Durante esos 4 años en el hospital estadounidense dio charlas y discursos en el departamento de Biología del Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts. Fue igualmente investigador asociado de la Universidad de Harvard.

En 1962, Fernández fue contratado como profesor del Departamento de Biofísica de la Universidad de Chicago. donde concibió y desarrolló el ultramicroscopio electrónico de alta resolución, en esa universidad recibe la distinción de profesor vitalicio. Igualmente impartió clases en diferentes universidades, como el Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts y la Universidad de Estocolmo.

Investigaciones científicas
En 1955 patenta el bisturí punta de diamante y en 1959 contribuyó al uso de la criofijación y técnicas de preparación de baja temperatura usando helio II, aplicándolas al estudio de la ultraestructura de tejidos. Así mismo, hizo importantes contribuciones al conocimiento de la estructura del nervio.

En 1960 propuso por primera vez observar directamente muestras hidratadas congeladas (frozen-hydrated), construyendo el primer crio-microscopio electrónico y el primer crio-portamuestra, con lo que introduce el concepto de crio-microscopía electrónica siendo considerado por la Universidad de Harvard en la lista de los 100 estudiosos que más aportaron al desarrollo científico del siglo pasado. En 1970 es contratado por la NASA para trabajar en el proyecto Apolo en el campo del análisis físico-químico de las rocas lunares.
El Dr. Fernández expone en el I Congreso Venezolano y Latinoamericano de Neurociencias (Maracaibo 1979) los avances sobre las investigaciones sobre la organización molecular de membranas celulares analizadas con la técnica propuesta.

En 1998 el IVIC crea el Centro de Biología Estructural Humberto Fernández con el objetivo de interpretar los fenómenos biológicos a un nivel molecular mediante un amplio rango de estudios de la estructura de proteínas, ácidos nucleicos, membranas, organelos y virus utilizando técnicas como la crio-microscopia electrónica, el procesamiento digital de imágenes, la resonancia magnética nuclear, la difracción de rayos-X de pequeño ángulo y la cristalografía de rayos-X.

Reconocimientos
 Título de caballero de la Orden de la Estrella Polar, conferida por el rey de Suecia.

 Medalla Claude Bernard, entregada por la universidad de Montreal.

 Premio Médico del Año, otorgado por la universidad de Cambridge.

 Medalla John Scott 1967

 Reconocimiento especial entregado por la NASA con motivo del X aniversario del programa Apolo.

 Centro de Biología Estructural Humberto Fernández del IVIC.

 Escuela Básica Estatal "Humberto Fernández" en Maracaibo.

 (196476) Humfernandez: asteroide del cinturón principal nombrado en honor a Humberto Fernández, descubierto el 2 de mayo de 2003 por los astrónomos Ignacio Ferrín y Carlos Leal en el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de Llano del Hato, ubicado en la Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela.

Véase también
 Reactor nuclear RV-1
 Ciencia y tecnología en Venezuela
 Anexo:Gabinete de Marcos Pérez Jiménez

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial del Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC)
 Entrevista Radial a Humberto Fernández
 Laboratorio de Estructura Supramolecular - Centro de Biología Estructural "Humberto Fernández-Morán" - Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC)

Maracaiberos
Científicos de Venezuela
Inventores de Venezuela
Médicos de Venezuela
Microscopistas
Ministros de Educación de Venezuela
Alumnado de la Universidad de Múnich
Alumnado de la Universidad de Estocolmo
Alumnado de la Universidad George Washington
Profesores del Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts
Profesores de la Universidad de Chicago
Profesores de la Universidad de Estocolmo
Ministros durante la presidencia de Marcos Pérez Jiménez
Energía nuclear en Venezuela
Miembros de la Academia Mundial de Ciencias
Fallecidos en Estocolmo


text:
A Quick Guide to Modern Data Analytics Stack
by Ramesh Panuganty, Founder & CEO
Exploring data to derive insights is not just limited to analysts and data scientists. Business users have also realized the importance of making insight-driven decisions. Organizations are now turning to modern data stacks that help simplify the entire data analytics process and give more access and control to users.
A modern data stack is a set of tools used to extract, store, process, analyze, and present data. These cloud-based SaaS tools are easy to set up and offer the benefits of scalability, flexibility, and agility.
A modern data stack comprises of the following components:
Data Pipeline that connects and ingests data from different sources
Data Warehouse that stores all collected data
Data Transformation tool that makes data user-friendly and easy to query
Data Visualization and BI to present extracted insights in an easily understandable way
Data Governance policies to manage data security and access
Transformation from ETL to self-service data platforms
In the traditional data world, the first alphabets anyone would ever learn were ETL – Extract, Transform, Load. It was the first step in the data analytics process. It was also an excruciatingly long and tedious process. But with the emergence of the modern data stack, ETL has become more of a service than a standalone process.
The modern data stack operates on the core principle of self-service. Self-service data platforms enable business users to execute analytical tasks without requiring help from IT. This allows them to do more with their own data and to make decisions for themselves. These modern platforms also free up analysts from mundane reporting tasks to focus on innovation. Simply put, a modern data stack delivers a modern data experience to every user.
What are the benefits of choosing a modern data stack?
A modern data stack can effectively handle the ever-increasing volume of data, as the world becomes more and more digitized. The following are some benefits of choosing a modern data stack:
Provides flexibility and cost savings: Since a modern data stack is primarily cloud-based, it saves considerable hardware costs and other maintenance. Also, its plug-and-play deployment ensures faster setups and provides flexibility to scale as business needs change.
Encourages the culture of self-service: A modern data stack is a data infrastructure that can be easily accessed and managed by all the stakeholders in the organization. With a focus on self-service, it acts as an enabler for all types of users, thus reducing dependencies on analysts.
Enables better understanding through data visualization: Data visualization is an important part of any modern data stack. It enables everyone to see and understand their data better. This helps them to make smarter decisions and make better use of their time.
Ensures data privacy and security: A modern data stack helps to manage access to sensitive data and implement data governance policies while allowing users across the organization to use data for analytical tasks
Things to look for in a modern data stack
Since every organization is different, it is important to find the right partners who provide a modern data stack that fits your needs. When you are looking for a modern data stack, you have to ensure that the components are able to scale horizontally and elastically depending on your business requirements.
The following are some points to be considered while selecting a modern data stack.
Ease of Setting Up
Setting up a modern data stack is much easier today. Most tools in a modern data stack are SaaS tools with plug-and-play features that makes deployments faster, without requiring a lot of technical expertise. With the right tools and services, you can set up a data pipeline in minutes that will collect, process, and analyze your data. Choosing tools that offer prebuilt connectors makes data integration quick and effortless.
Powerful Insights with Less Efforts
Data is often scattered and siloed in different systems, making it difficult for decision makers to get a complete view. With a modern data stack, it becomes easy to break these silos, index data from multiple sources, and offer a single touch point from where users can query their data. A modern data stack leverages the benefits of natural language search, artificial intelligence and advanced machine learning models. This helps users interact with data quickly and effortlessly to extract insights, without any dependencies or delays.
Robust Data Governance and Security
A modern data stack ensures data privacy and security at every component level, from storing and encrypting data to preventing unauthorized access. Data governance policies ensure that the right user has access to the right data. Modern technologies provide protection from data breaches and attacks and ensure compliance with government and organization security policies. Choosing tools that provide total control over data and enable granular access can help organizations open up access to more users and at the same time protect sensitive data.
Interactive Data Visualizations
Effective data visualization enables decision makers to identify trends and patterns that might be hidden in text-based data. Data presented in a graphical form helps clarify and highlight patterns and relationships within different entities. Common data visualizations include line, bar, and pie charts, stacked charts, scatter plots, tree maps, and so on. Tools that offer interactive visualizations help users examine data through different viewpoints and provide controls to drill further and explore.
Clear Data Observability
Data observability refers to monitoring, tracking, and triaging of incidents to prevent downtime. Downtime occurs when data is inaccurate, partial, missing, or contains errors. It leads to wastage of time and efforts and results in inaccurate decisions. A modern data stack that focuses on data observability is a must-have today, especially when data comes through multiple sources and in varied formats. Choosing tools that evaluate data quality on multiple parameters and identify gaps and inconsistencies can help prevent expensive mistakes.
When should I upgrade to a modern data stack?
There are a few reasons why you should consider upgrading to a modern data stack.
Protecting sensitive data: The threat of cyber attacks is real and old systems can be vulnerable to such attacks. The sensitive data stored on your servers needs to be protected with the latest technology stack.
Preventing data breaches: Upgrading ensures that your organization has the latest protection policies in place to prevent data breaches and other security issues.
Empowering teams: Your employees should be able to take advantage of new tools that help them increase productivity and make smart decisions.
How MachEye ticks all the boxes for a modern data stack
MachEye is a modern data stack that helps businesses unlock growth by providing them with the right insights on their data. MachEye's self-service platform lets business users explore, analyze, and visualize their data all by themselves, removing the dependency on analysts. It provides an end-to-end solution for data analysis, visualization, observability, and governance. MachEye's interactive data visualizations turn data into audio-visual insight stories that help users to engage with data easily and to make better insight-driven decisions.


Spread the cheer by giving live gifts to the entire office, it would often have a good vibration throughout the office.
While gift giving is an important part of doing business in today's multicultural environment, it helps to understand the laws around corporate giving and the company's policy prior to assessing what gift to give.
In cultures where building relationships is critical for doing business, gifting is appreciated, and we thrive to satisfy the person who takes the gift.
Do you want to show your appreciation to business partners with a gift this year? Skip the ordinary showpieces and try eco-friendly gifts like plants!


NEW CONSTRUCTION!! 3 bedroom, 3 1/2 bath in Belleview! This house is currently under construction. The owner is willing to customize the home during the building the process if the buyer signs a contract to purchase, and is able to make changes prior to the phase of construction being complete. Builder must approve changes and upgrades will be an additional cost. Construction is scheduled to be finished mid May 2019. This home is centrally located only 15 minutes from the villages, Ocala and I-75. Perfect opportunity to get a brand new, quality home in a great neighborhood. Review the documents attached for the floor plan. Please call Jericho (352)484-4686 for more information.


This Experience Chart will help you determine the exact level range in which you will receive 100% experience points for every zone, act, and difficulty in Path of Exile. If your character level is outside one of the specified ranges, you will gain less than 100% experience. For exact experience values outside of these ranges, try our Experience Penalty Calculator.


Pacific Cycling Centre's second camp of the 2010-2011 season was a great success, despite the challenging weather conditions. The camp - which ran from December 9 - 12 at PCC in Victoria, BC - consisted of long endurance rides, technical ITT's and a gym session. The camp was led by Houshang Amiri.
The first day was highlighted by two time trials - the first was a 4.5 kilometre uphill and the second a 11 kilometre rolling course. "Most of us have now done these TTs several times or more and we use them to gauge our fitness against other years on the same course," said camp participant and Olympian Erinne Willock "The new riders this year will compare their December times to their November camp times."
The hill climb times were fast and Willock was particularly pleased with hers. "It was one of the fastest I've had in a while. One of the reasons was that I had a good rabbit to chase in Annie Ewart. She's the new junior rider training with Houshang and she's showing great potential and is really strong. I almost caught her, but not quite." The second ITT was marred by rain, so times were slow, but the riders were still able to clock in over 100 kilometres that day.
On day two the riders tackled Happy Valley Road, a particularly hard endurance ride that has a challenging climb. "What stood out for me about this ride was the steady but hard pace, the rolling terrain, cycling like mad to keep what remained of the group in sight," said Nicola Vogler. "We rode our own pace to get the maximum benefit from the ride and after about an hour and a half, and after our group caught the front group, Rob Britton led the way to the top of Matheson."
The third day brought in the rain clouds and so was spent on the Saanich Peninsula. A familiar loop for the athletes, the ride went through Sidney and out to Land's End, adding sprint and cadence work on the rolling loops at the tip of the peninsula.
"From Land's End, our group went to the challenging, yet rather hidden Panorama climb," said Spencer Smitheman, "After tackling this steep medium sized climb, we continued the ride through Central Saanich on a roundabout way back to Victoria." The rain storm started at Willis Point and continued for the rest of the ride. "The back side of Willis Point is steep and unrelenting and proved a worthy challenge at the end of the day," said Smitheman.
Day four brought more rain fall warnings so Annie Ewart decided to dress prepared for anything. "I put on my heavy duty bright yellow rain jacket, plastic bags on my feet, and (to top it off) vibrant rubber gloves on my hands. I pretty much looked like a rubber ducky, but I didn't care what I looked like because I was warm and I was not going to get wet!"
As it happened, the rain let up and the riders were able to complete their intervals at Dean Park on dry terrain. "We started our intervals up Dean Park - four times for the girls and five times for the guys - lasting approximately five minutes from the bottom to the top. We finished up our intervals still showing smiles on our faces as we finished off another successful camp," said Ewart.
Camp #3 will be January 20-23, 2011 and is now open for registration. For more details go to: www.pacificcyclingcentre.ca/camps/default.html.


It's that time of the year – cold and flu season! We know that no one actually enjoys a cold but if you plan to catch one, here is a tongue-in-cheek look at steps you can take to make sure you are successful.
If you want to catch a cold, eat lots of processed foods that have been stripped of their nutritional value. Eat lots of sugar and junk food that is devoid of nutritional value. Nothing will get you as sick as fast as eating a poor diet.
Deprive yourself of adequate sleep. Stay up late and reduce the time you sleep as much as possible. Use sugar, sodas, coffee or tobacco or other stimulants to fool yourself into thinking you have plenty of energy.
Unlike the circulatory system, your lymphatic system depends upon exercise and movement to circulate these germ-fighting fluids. Reduce the effectiveness of your immune and lymphatic systems by not exercising. Plus, you avoid the natural stress-reduction benefits of regular exercise.
Increase your chances of catching a cold by compromising your personal hygiene. Remember to use your dirty hands and fingers to rub your eyes, scratch your nose or wipe your lips.
Look for opportunities to visualize having a cold. Pay attention to news reports about outbreaks of the flu and pay close attention to advertising that sells medications for cold sufferers.
Stress yourself physically by experiencing extreme temperature and humidity changes. Stress yourself mentally with constant worry or fear. Worry about the things you have no control over and complain to anyone who will listen.
Avoid drinking enough water. Reduce the effectiveness of your natural defense mechanisms and other bodily functions by avoiding fluids.
Ignore your nervous system, the master system of your body. Studies have shown that an adjustment increases your immune response so if you want to get sick, skip your adjustment this month.
Laughter is the best medicine so I hope you got a few laughs out of this step-by- step guide to catching a cold. Keep healthy this winter with regular adjustments!


text:
News archive - April 2019
Kevin Hyun awarded 2019 Jessie W.H. Zou Memorial Award
Kevin Hyun, a computer science major at the University of Waterloo, has been awarded a 2019 Jessie W.H. Zou Memorial Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Research.
Alireza Heidari, Ihab Ilyas and international colleagues develop new AI tool able to better identify bad data
PhD student Alireza Heidari and Professor Ihab Ilyas at the Cheriton School of Computer Science along with international colleagues have developed a novel tool to manage the quality of your data. Called HoloClean, this revolutionary tool is the first to use artificial intelligence to sift out dirty data and correct errors before processing it.
Memories of Ric Holt: 1941–2019
It is with profound sadness that we announce that our friend and colleague, Ric Holt, passed away peacefully on April 12, 2019 at the age of 78. The following in memoriam was written by Marie Holt, Ric's wife.
Professor Lila Kari spearheads development of software tool that answers fascinating questions in evolutionary biology
Cheriton School of Computer Science Professor and University Research Chair Lila Kari has spearheaded the development of a software tool that can provide conclusive answers to some of the most fascinating questions in evolutionary biology.
Professor Kate Larson appointed University Research Chair
Professor Kate Larson has been appointed a University Research Chair in recognition of her outstanding research contributions to the field of artificial intelligence. Waterloo's designation of University Research Chair recognizes exceptional achievement of faculty and their pre-eminence in a field of knowledge.


text:
Q: How to make id field auto increment in db_schema.xml in mageno 2.4? I have a custom table created through db_schema.xml (code below):
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<schema xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:Setup/Declaration/Schema/etc/schema.xsd">
    <table name="Magebit_Faq_Question">
        <column xsi:type="int" name="id" unsigned="true" nullable="false" padding="10" identity="true" comment="id"/>
        <column xsi:type="text" name="question" nullable="false" comment="Question"/>
        <column xsi:type="text" name="answer" nullable="false" comment="Answer"/>
        <column xsi:type="smallint" name="status" nullable="false" default="0" comment="Status"/>
        <column xsi:type="int" name="position" nullable="false" default="0" comment="Position"/>
        <column xsi:type="timestamp" name="updated_at" on_update="true" default="CURRENT_TIMESTAMP" comment="Time of event"/>
        <constraint xsi:type="primary" referenceId="PRIMARY">
            <column name="id"/>
        </constraint>
    </table>
</schema>

It is clear here that the primary key is id so, technically, the id field should be auto_increment. But, When I run the query below
INSERT INTO Magebit_Faq_Question(question, answer, status, position) VALUE ('what?', 'just what', 1, 0);

I get an error saying
[2022-08-09 14:32:06] [HY000][1364] Field 'id' doesn't have a default value

How can I solve this issue?

A: Like you say, the id is clearly a primary key but you have not checked if it is the case as of yet:

*

*I suggest first to perform the following query: describe Magebit_Faq_Question.

See below a screenshot of a table I made with a similar schema to yours

If you don't see the auto-increment in the result for this query, then we have an answer to your question.


Scott Gray published The Mind of Bill James: How a Complete Outsider Changed Baseball in 2006. I finally read it last week.
It is not structured as a standard biography. While it does include a bunch of information on James's background - he did cooperate, if only by email - the book reads more like a lengthy magazine article.
Which is not a big criticism, but I do wish the book had been a bit meatier. There are plenty of quotes from James, from the Abstracts and interviews, and his emails to Gray. But I was left wanting more. I wanted a better feel for the times in which James prepared his first Abstracts (the late '70s) and how revolutionary they were (and still are, in many respects).
But the main reason for this post is to share a bunch of James's quotes from the book.
Given an option, all men prefer to reject information.
The subject is baseball. The numbers bear a relationship to that subject and to us which is much like the relationship of tools to a machine and to the mechanic who uses them. The mechanic does not begin with a monkey wrench; basically, he is not even interested in the damn monkey wrench. All he wants from the monkey wrench is that it do its job and not give him any trouble.
To understand baseball without reference to its statistics is an absurdity, like understanding American politics without reference to elections. The only choices are - use the statistics carefully, or use them loosely.
Cliches are the soldiers of ignorance, and an army of sentries encircles the game, guarding every situation from which a glimmer of truth might be allowed to escape.
Nature abhors a vacuum. People have to have an explanation, and if the only one available is a bad one ... "Well, it's the best we got." The same thing happens in baseball. Somebody says something that makes intuitive sense. If there's no clear, quick refutation to it, it becomes accepted truth.
When people are arguing about some baseball-related issue, one might think that they would be very anxious to know what the evidence is trying to tell them, and a few people are. But baseball is an insular world in which there is a great deal of thinly veiled anti-intellectualism.
The point at which I departed from traditional sportswriting was in trying to apply the standard of clear and convincing evidence to baseball questions. What I have always thought about most was the question of "How do you find better evidence about the issue?" ... The "community of experts" resented this, because it implicitly undermined their authority. ... In the sciences ... it is understood that opinions have little or no value. ... What counts is evidence, not the authority of the person making the claim.
We've gone from a cup of knowledge to a barrel, but we're drawing it out of an ocean. The knowledge is useful, but it doesn't eliminate the need for a broader understanding.
I'm not trying to get people to think like me ... [W]hat I've tried to do is create knowledge that can be used whether you have an understanding of sabermetric methods or not.
A lot of people interpret major league baseball as an extension of their experience in playing baseball. They think speed is tremendously important because, in the lower levels of play - high school ball, etc. - speed is tremendously important. They assume the pitcher controls when a walk occurs because, in the lower levels, the pitcher's control is so weak you feel relieved when he can just get the damn ball over. People think aggressiveness pays, because, at lower levels, it does pay. A lot of things that are true in amateur ball are not true in pro ball, and you have to really study the game to straighten those things out.
Re end-of-season statistical summaries that list teams in order of batting average: It should be obvious that the purpose of an offense is not to compile a high team batting average.
The great difficulty about clutch performance, it seems to me, is that it separates what a player is from what he does. A lot of people have the same trouble with fielding. This new guy has hit well for us, they will say, but he is a bad fielder, and he can't hit in the clutch. Get it? A subtle linguistic shift, from has done to is; batting is simply performance, clutch hitting is character. But I don't see it that way, perhaps because statistics are so clumsy at measuring character.
As a small child, I thought that trees pushed the wind. Momentum is one of those superficial concepts that is hard to resist if you don't think it through, but hard to conceive of if you follow it through and try to resolve the problems it creates.
On the one hand you have the barroom experts, the traditional sportswriters, the couch potatoes, and the call-in show regulars, all of whom believe that batting orders are important. And then, on the other hand, you have a few of us who have actually studied the issue, and who have been forced to draw the conclusion that it doesn't make much difference what order you put the hitters in, they're going to score just as many runs one way as another. You can believe whoever you want; it's up to you.
Talking of comparing players across different eras: One way to put it would be that if a suit cost a dollar in 1900 and a gallon of milk cost $1.45 in 1986, that doesn't mean that the suits of 1900 were poorly made or the milk of 1986 is especially delicious. It just means that the cost has changed.
One of the unwritten laws of economics is that it is impossible, truly impossible, to prevent the values of society from manifesting themselves in dollars and cents. This is, ultimately, why we pay athletes so much money: that it is very important to us to be represented by winning teams. The standard example is cancer research; letters pop up all the time saying that it is absurd for baseball players to make twenty times as much money as cancer researchers. But the hard, unavoidable fact is that we are, as a nation, far more interested in having good baseball teams than we are in finding a cure for cancer. ... Dollars and cents are an incarnation of our values. Economic realities represent not what we should believe, not what we like to say that we believe, not what we might choose to believe in a more perfect world, but what our beliefs really are. However much we complain about it, nobody can stop that truth from manifesting itself.
As we age we get more narrow. I see the same thing with my writing career. ... The same thing happens to a baseball player. When he's twenty years old, he has a very broad range of unfinished skills. As he matures as a player, some of these skills are enhanced, but others drop off, and his skills narrow. It's a perfect image of the process - it happens to writers, it happens to managers, it happens to everyone. We rarely pick up new attributes. We develop some of the ones we have, the ones we don't develop atrophy, and we become more narrow. The better part of wisdom is to fight your own narrowing, to try to stay open to ideas that you don't understand and don't agree with. When you embrace your own ideas too warmly, you accelerate the process of becoming irrelevant.
James rails strongly against "statistical idiocy ... the assertion that nothing is real except that which is measured in statistics".
He trashes "the moronic conception [that] a baseball team is made up of interchangeable parts no more complex than lines of statistics."
He does not think it's possible to determine the best play in any game situation strictly by the numbers. "There are, in every real-life situation, thousands of variables, many of which can't be measured reliably. ... Real baseball games remain vastly more complex than our statistical models of them."
And he does not believe - and has never believed - in a team using a closer-by-committee.
I'm a little skeptical about group bullpens in principle. ... For one thing, if you're counting on three or four relief pitchers, then you have to get work for all of them. That means taking the ball away from the starter whenever he gets into trouble, and I don't like that. ... For another, if you don't have a bullpen ace, things can get awfully confused sometimes; one pitcher gets into a slump and then another and another, and you don't really know who it is that is supposed to get you out of this.
Gray: Is there a creepier English phrase than "crawl space"?
James: How about "donor infection"? Or "protruding bone fragment"?
That's a wonderful bouquet of James' quotations. It always amazes me that such a formidable mind, such intelligence and clarity and originality, should all be focused on a mere game--not that his ideas don't have wider application and implication.
Thanks so much for this! It's great.
People have to have an explanation, and if the only one available is a bad one ... "Well, it's the best we got." The same thing happens in baseball. Somebody says something that makes intuitive sense. If there's no clear, quick refutation to it, it becomes accepted truth.
An improved version of something I say all the time. It's nice to have that affirmation.
Thanks for these, allan. Gold. I couldn't help but think--"I wonder what James thinks of Nick Cafardo?".
"it doesn't make much difference what order you put the hitters in, they're going to score just as many runs one way as another."
Wouldn't there be almost no sample size at all of lineups where the guy with no power hits cleanup, the lumbering catcher leads off, etc.? Wouldn't the 2001 Giants have scored way fewer runs if Bonds batted 7th or 8th with the pitcher right behind him? And whether we like it or not, a 40-home run guy who just signed a big contract and then was told he'd be batting 9th all year would probably get pissed and that might affect him negatively.
I mean if you had the all-time OBP leader and the all-time HR leader, and you put the HR ahead of the OBP guy, wouldn't that be counterintuitive?
Or maybe there was more to that quote? Or maybe I'm misunderstanding it? Or maybe I'm...too blinded by years or seeing things a certain way and assuming it's the best way? I'm not even usually too concerned with batting order either, but it seems like there are some things you need to be doing when setting it up.
Jere--I don't know the context or the explanation or the answers to your questions. The only way I could make the batting order remark make sense was to imagine that over the course of a full season, the total number of runs might possibly not change very much whatever the batting order. Not that that could or would ever be falsified or verified by observation.
Maybe the statement makes more sense if you only consider the middle of the order and as a separate issue the bottom of the order--maybe in those cases it really makes little difference over the long course who bats where.
"Counter-intuitive" for sure. I wouldn't want to spend a season watching the manager of my team try to prove that the batting order didn't make much difference.
No one is ever going to put out a lineup all season with Iglesias hitting 3rd and Ortiz batting 9th (or whatever), so there is no actual hard evidence. But by running simulations with guys in different spots, you can see that over a season, it makes little difference to the total runs scored.
I have used Baseball Musings' Lineup Analysis tool to see what the best lineups would be for a group of nine guys and the difference between the best and worst (which no manager would ever use) is pretty minimal. The difference between the best and the usual lineups is very small. It's far more important to make sure the best nine guys are playing - not what order they are in.
I looked at possible lineups before the 2011 season (also here). The best lineup was at 5.88 R/G and the absolute worst was 5.51 R/G. That's a drop of 60 runs over a 162-game season, a difference of about six wins. But, again, that is between the best and worst - and no manager will use either of those. All of his will be in the middle somewhere, more good than bad.
That second link is probably better at showing what I mean.
I really like James's comments about computers and stats as only tools. Like a hammer or a saw. Merely a tool for a bigger project, not an end in itself.
The reason I pointed out the batting order quote is because IMO some people make too much of it. Obsess on it. It's a factor but I don't think it warrants the attention it gets.
MLB Has Been Testing "Advanced Replay Systems"


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Multicultural, Nonsectarian, NondenominationalEndorsed by Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish Religious LeadersFinalist, Children's Books of Distinction Award―Hungry Mind ReviewA Children's Book Council Not Just for Children Anymore! SelectionRecommended by Parent CouncilEveryone and everything in the world has a name. What is God's name?In poetic text and vibrant illustrations, this modern fable celebrates the diversity and, at the same time, the unity of all people."God must have a single name this greater and more powerful than all other names." All the people of the world set out to find God's name … and each of the many seekers is sure that he or she alone has found the right name, the only name, for God. Finally, they come together―and at last learn what God's name really is.In God's Name is a spiritual celebration of all people of the world and their belief in one God.
My Best Friend Phoebe Has Four Legs And A Tail - Looking For The Perfect Gift For A Dog Lover With A Puppy Dog Named Phoebe This Dog Mom And Dog Dad Gift Makes The Perfect Dog Lovers Gift!
Elegant Lighting 1487D17PN Phoebe Collection Pendant Lamp D17" H25"
The phoebe collection is a delicate empire style fixture with clean lines. Each candelabra is accented with a crystal ball from top to bottom. The phoebe is an ornate class act. Available in your choice of burnished brass or polished nickel.
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Here's a first look at Henry's new shoot for the 2019 Boss eyewear campaign. Senior Brand Manager at Safilo UK, Rob Pritchard released it today... which means there's more on the way!
While fans loved Henry's short 'do in last year's ads, his Witcher/Clark from Man of Steel look is totally winning everyone over.
We'll post the new pics from the spring/summer 'Sharpen your Focus' campaign as we get them!
UPDATE #2 (2/6): An English store has shared a third new photo.
UPDATE #3 (2/13): A London display features another new photo with Henry.
Love these glasses. Great look!
I am loving these photos, they are just gorgeous. The 2018 campaign was brilliant...but these photos just seem more relaxed, more "Henry", and very suave. Too precious, can't wait for more pics!!
Ahhhhhh, what a feast for the eyes.
Polished, intellectual and classy look.


text:
← Hirok Rajar Deshey: Ray's allegory comes true
Is Sex Work, Work? →
LOVE : An Asymmetry
Volume 4 Issue 71 | November 18, 2005 | Perception
An Asymmetry
Love between a man and a woman is one of the most complicated emotional relationships that develop among human beings. Romantic love is more important for women than it is for men, because men grow up with a sense of identity that exceeds the boundaries of family life. Men are given the opportunity to spread themselves over large spans of spaces–intellectuality, sports, friends, music, nature, and moreover they have the mobility to actually explore the world around them. Women on the other hand are raised within the confinement of their homes, and they are accustomed to be emotionally centred on the family. Whereas teenage boys burst out with the recognition of the vast world outside, the taste or freedom, and the exploration of sexuality girls when they reach puberty become even more confined. They start spending all their time obsessing over romantic novels, TV serials, fashion magazines, and phone calls from the desired boys. Girls learn from a very early age that they have to be physically appealing in order to attract men, and they also learn that finding a man to build a family around is their main mission in human life.
A woman may have a job, education, career and friends, but her family is her ultimate essential. Similarly family is important for a man as well, but for him, other things exist too. Marriage and family maybe fifty percent or even be seventy (pushing it!) percent of a Bangali man's life, but for a woman it is like two hundred percent! Romantic love is, whether or not we like it, one of the biggest emotional concerns of a Bangali woman's life. It is something indeed worth thinking about because our sense of love is pretty clouded as it is. We never really analyse romantic love with a rational lens. Our sense of what love between a man and woman actually means, how it is politicised, how it is socially and culturally manipulated via print and electronic media, and finally how in most cases it creates the biggest hindrance for women to become complete-independent-free individuals remain relatively unexplored.
Like anger, fear, hatred, humour, love is an emotion. This emotion, however, is different from other emotions because material elements like marriage, childbirth, divorce, dating, etc., build up upon this emotion to give a person's life a definite direction and shape. Love is the only emotion that channels itself into paving a path for our life. Our sense of love is constructed by the world around us. We learn how to love a man, and how to care for him not only by our instinct, but by the socially expected gender roles. A woman may totally love a man, and refuse to cook for him, but it would not be acceptable behaviour for a 'woman in love' according to our cultural codes. Social needs to sustain families on specifically prescribed gender roles also instruct us on how to love a man. There is a hidden code to exploit women in the whole cultural and social scheme of romantic love, mostly because the concept of romantic love has been authored by men, and is based on men's fractured understanding of women as primarily sexual objects.
As women we need to understand the specificity of love between a man and a woman according to Bangali culture. We need to look at the specific signals we get from literature and the media. We need to understand the forces of cable TV layering up on our Bangali sense of love in creating yet another dimension of love and romance. We need to ask ourselves as women, when our biology and our society make us susceptible to being exploited and alienated from ourselves in romantic love, how hard do we have to work in order to battain a sense of balance in relationships?
I have often asked myself 'can there be a female Devdas?' Where do we find a leading female character totally struck by the complications of failed romance, driven to death via drugs or drinks, and finally dying in front of the lover's home? If we try to imagine a woman in the role of Devdas how would we feel? The answers are not clear, because there have not been many Bangali female writers writing about romantic feelings, rather Bangali literature if full of instances of male writing up female characters struck by love, and therefore, Bangali women's imagination and instinct about romance is heavily influenced by male ideals and expectations. Devdas is considered a milestone of romance in Bangla literature, but if we actually look at the romantic dynamics between Devdas and Paru we will notice many asymmetries.
Devdas is a story of unfulfilled desire. There are failed promises, violence, negligence, drinking, and finally death. Pain in this case accentuates the sense of romance. It seems as if pain is essential in order to make a love story truly a love story. Pain is always considered an integral part of prem in Bangla literature, as poet Sunil Gangopadhay points out, 'pain as an emotion is more intense than pleasure.' Considering pain as an integral part of romantic love is not a phenomenon peculiar only to Bangla literature, but the specificity of romantic love lies the predominance of male writers creating and controlling the notion of romantic love, which in many cases, demand the female characters to savour pain as pleasure. When Bangali women say 'no,' it is taken as a 'yes,' and it leads to an understanding of women as incapable beings to directly convey their emotions. There is always a gap between what they say and what they feel. This convoluted representation of female characters, and their preoccupation with pain as an element of pleasure is highly destructive for women, because it raises our tolerance level to male violence to a greater level.
Take for example 'No Honnotey' by Moitreye Devi, it is probably the closest one can get to finding a female Devdas in Bangla literature. In 'No Honnotey' the sense of pain and minor physical violence inflicted by the lover is made to appear as highly sensual. There is a scene in the book where the main character Ruu is kissing her lover in the library, and she finds tears running down her cheeks, and she says to herself, 'is this harsha (joy) or bishaad (sadness)?' This is the ultimate dilemma of romantic love in Bangla literature: you never know where pain ends and pleasure begins.
The ultimate love story of Hindu mythology is the one between Radha and Krishna. This love story that is bound to end in disaster since Krishna is not only much younger than Radha, but he is also her nephew. Their love story begins with Krishna alluring Radha, and ends with him leaving Radha completely submerged in love. There is a myth that, after Krishna left Brindabon for Mothura, Radha became a bird in grief and kept calling, 'Krishna Kotha? Krishna Kotha?' It is not a simple love story, but entails the love story between God and the devotee. It is also the epitome of love story, retold for centuries, used as the template for the male female dynamics in Bangla literature as well as Bollywood films.
Recent scholars studying South India bhakti poetry dating back to fifteenth century have speculated some very crucial dimensions of erotic love between Krisha and Radha. They have pointed out the utter asymmetry built into the love relation. The heroine is always depicted as relatively helpless in comparison to her lover. She can only wait for him, and suffer because of his absence. He is, on the other hand, free to come or not, to show compassion if he wishes, to save her life or simply let her die of love. For her the entire universe proclaims to his remoteness, both physical and emotional. She is dwarfed by the inherent inequality between them, and most interestingly she blames her situation in part on her womanhood. Being a woman puts her precisely in a position of helpless dependence. She is not even in control of her own emotions. Her heart is not hers to control as if a part of her self is split away. This sense of pain, and conflicted personality is a recurrent pattern in the female representation in South Indian bhakti poetry written between fifteenth and eighteenth century. Most poetry ends in the man showing up, and the woman giving in and making love.
Isn't that what a lot of us do as women? We take violence, negligence, emotional unavailability from men, and always forgive them at the end. As Bangali women, we always learn to love our husbands or lovers as if they were our sons. I have heard many women say that they feel that their lovers are just like their little sons, and therefore, any mistakes on the men's part are to be forgiven and forgotten.
In any case, as women we must be very careful while loving a man. We must remember that nobody is watching our backs but ourselves. We must remember that we are walking on egg shells, and if we are not careful enough to learn to put ourselves as the top priority in our heads, we are doomed to end up in uneven and violent patterns of love relationships.
Source Link : http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2005/11/02/perceptions.htm


text:
El XX Campeonato Mundial de Ciclismo BMX se celebró en Zolder (Bélgica) entre el 21 y el 25 de julio de 2015 bajo la organización de la Unión Ciclista Internacional (UCI) y la Federación Belga de Ciclismo.

Las competiciones se realizaron en la pista de BMX del Circuito de Zolder, ubicado al sudeste de la ciudad belga.

Resultados

Masculino

Femenino

Medallero

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Pág. de la UCI .
Palmarés oficial .
The-Sports.com .
Resultados oficiales .

2015
Competiciones deportivas mundiales celebradas en Bélgica
Ciclismo en Bélgica en 2015


In Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU)-type nuclear power plants, the reactor is composed of 380 fuel channels and refueling is performed on one or two channels per day. At the time of refueling, the fluid force of the cooling water inside the channel is exploited. New fuel added upstream of the fuel channel is moved downstream by the fluid force of the cooling water, and the used fuel is pushed out. Through this process, refueling is completed. Among the 380 fuel channels, outer rows 1 and 2 (called the FARE channel) make the process of using only the internal fluid force impossible because of the low flow rate of the channel cooling water. Therefore, a Flow Assist Ram Extension (FARE) tool, a refueling aid, is used to refuel these channels in order to compensate for the insufficient fluid force. The FARE tool causes flow resistance, thus allowing the fuel to be moved down with the flow of cooling water. Although the existing FARE tool can perform refueling in Korean plants, the coolant flow rate is reduced to below 80% of the normal flow for some time during refueling. A Flow rate below 80% of the normal flow cause low flow rate alarm signal in the plant operation. A flow rate below 80% of the normal flow may cause difficulties in the plant operation because of the increase in the coolant temperature of the channel. A new and improved FARE tool is needed to address the limitations of the existing FARE tool. In this study, we identified the cause of the low flow phenomena of the existing FARE tool. A new and improved FARE tool has been designed and manufactured. The improved FARE tool has been tested many times using laboratory test apparatus and was redesigned until satisfactory results were obtained. In order to confirm the performance of the improved FARE tool in a real plant, the final design FARE tool was tested at Wolsong Nuclear Power Plant Unit 2. The test was carried out successfully and the low flow rate alarm signal was eliminated during refueling. Several additional improved FARE tools have been manufactured. These improved FARE tools are currently being used for Korean CANDU plant refueling.
In Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU)-type nuclear power plants, the reactor is composed of 380 fuel channels ( Fig. 1 ). Refueling is performed on one or two channels on a daily basis. During the refueling operation, two remote controlled Fueling Machines (F/M) are attached to a designated fuel channel and carry out the refueling job. The upstream F/M inserts new fuel bundles into the fuel channel while the downstream F/M discharges spent fuel bundles. At the time of refueling, the fluid force of the cooling water inside the channel is exploited. Specifically, new fuel bundles inserted upstream of the fuel channel are moved downstream by the fluid force of the cooling water, and spent fuel bundles are pushed out. Through this process, refueling is completed. Among the 380 fuel channels, outer rows 1 and 2 (called FARE channels) make it impossible to perform refueling with only the internal fluid force because of the low flow rate of the channel cooling water. Therefore, a Flow Assist Ram Extension (FARE) tool, a refueling aid, is used for these channels in order to compensate for the insufficient fluid force. The FARE tool causes flow resistance, thus allowing the fuel to be moved down with the flow of cooling water.
The existing FARE tool can perform refueling in Korean domestic plants; however, the coolant flow rate decreases to below 80% of the normal flow for some time during refueling. A Flow rate below 80% of the normal flow causes a low flow rate alarm signal in the plant operation. A flow rate below 80% of the normal flow may cause difficulties in the plant operation because of the increase in the coolant temperature of the channel. An improved FARE tool is needed to solve this issue with the existing FARE tool.
Figure 2 shows the FARE tool structure  ,  . A FARE tool is composed of a fuel adapter, flow orifice, sleeve, and stem. The total length of a FARE tool is equal to that of two fuel bundles (about 1 m), and its external diameter is equal to that of a fuel bundle. The front part of the FARE tool includes a fuel adapter that contacts the end plate of the fuel bundle ( Fig. 2 -①), and forms three concentric circles such that the end plate constantly supports the fuel bundle. The fuel adapter and the flow orifice are connected by a Zircaloy-2 tube ( Fig. 2 -②). The Zircaloy-2 tube has holes that allow the cooling water to flow. The flow orifice is composed of an orifice housing ( Fig. 2 -③), a spring holder ( Fig. 2 -⑫), a ring orifice ( Fig. 2 -④), and a spring ( Fig. 2 -⑪). The ring orifice is closed by the spring ( Fig. 2 -⑪).
The orifice housing has four bypass slots. The cooling water flows through the four slots when the ring orifice moves. The major portion of flow resistance of a FARE tool occurs at the ring orifice composed of the four rings.
Figure 3 shows the variation of differential pressure (pressure drop, ΔP ) that occurs in the existing FARE tool at several different initial flow rates. These results were measured using a CANDU refueling test apparatus ( Fig. 4 ). This apparatus was installed in the Korea Electric Power Research Institute in Deajeon for this FARE tool experiment. The differential pressure is the source of the force pushing fuel inside the channel from upstream to downstream.
As shown in the figure, the pressure drop shows a sharp upward trend when the initial flow is increased from 0 to 5.0 kg/s. The pressure drop then shows a steady upward trend when flow is increased beyond 5.0 kg/s. When the flow rate is 5.0 kg/s and over, the FARE tool's ring orifice is opened. This opening forms a flow path to the four bypass slots, which mitigates the increase in pressure drop.
The FARE tool is used in the refueling of outer rows 1 and 2 of the fuel channels. In these channels, the coolant flow range is between 11 and 20 kg/s. The pressure drop occurring in this range is from 450 to 480 kPa, as shown in Fig. 3 .
During refueling, fuel bundles can be pushed downward when the fluid force of the FARE tool exceeds the frictional force of the 12 fuel bundles inside the channel. The frictional force of one bundle of fuel is 0.6 (frictional coefficient, AECL°Øs test result  )×23.27 kg (the weight of one bundle of fuel) 9.8 m/s 2 = 137 N. Thus, a force of 1644 N is required to push out the 12 bundles of fuel for refueling.
When the differential pressure of the FARE tool, shown in Fig. 3 , is converted to fluid force, the lowest coolant flow rate of the FARE channel (11.0 kg/s) exhibits a fluid force of 3700 N. When the flow rate is 20.0 kg/s, the fluid force is 3900 N. This means that the force necessary for refueling can be generated by the FARE tool.
Figure 5 shows flow rate changes corresponding to the FARE tool location for several initial flow rates: 10, 13, 16, 19, and 22 kg/s. This test was carried out using the CANDU refueling test apparatus at room temperature with the existing FARE tool. In Fig. 5 , the horizontal axis refers to the FARE tool position relative to the CANDU reactor pressure tube liner tube holes ( Fig. 6 ). The vertical axis refers to the flow rates of the FARE channel.
( Fig. 5 (location 1)). In this position, the front of the FARE tool passes the second row of the fuel channel linear tube holes. Then, the flow rate shows a gradual downward trend. When the FARE tool reaches a position of 68 cm ( Fig. 6 (b)), the second stage of the flow rate drop begins ( Fig. 5 (location 2)). At this position, the FARE tool's ring orifice passes the first row of linear tube holes ( Fig. 6 (b)). Subsequently, the ring orifice passes the end of the linear tube holes ( Fig. 6 (c)).
As shown by these results, the low flow phenomenon occurs in the fuel channel when the FARE tool's front passes the linear tube holes and continues until the ring orifice passes the end of the linear tube holes ( Fig. 6 (c)).
As outlined above, the main cause of the excessive flow decrease when using the existing FARE tool is attributed to excessive pressure loss and the delayed opening of the orifice slots when the FARE tool passes the linear tube holes.
As shown in the above experimental results, the excessive flow decrease due to the existing FARE tool in the fuel channel is attributed to excessive pressure loss occurring when the FARE tool passes through the fuel channel liner tube hole, and a delayed opening of the FARE tool's orifice ring inside the fuel channel. To solve these problems, we redesigned the original FARE tool in the following three ways. First, the spring coefficient of the ring orifice was adjusted to solve the delayed opening of the orifice ring inside the fuel channel. Second, the size of the orifice bypass flow slot was expanded to increase the channel flow rate inside the fuel channel. Third, the number and positions of the flow holes in the FARE tool were optimized to minimize the pressure loss that occurs when the FARE tool passes the fuel channel liner tube holes.
To solve the problem of the delayed opening of the orifice ring, the orifice spring coefficient was adjusted. ΔP of 250 kPa was set as the ring orifice opening value, and ΔP of 485 kPa was set as the value of the fully opened ring orifice.
To increase the flow rate inside the fuel channel, the orifice bypass flow slot was enlarged to twice that of the existing FARE tool. This adjustment provided a sufficient flow path to increase the flow rate inside the fuel channel.
To minimize the pressure loss that occurs when the FARE tool passes the fuel channel liner tube holes, the number and position of the flow holes were optimized. The flow holes were arranged in nine rows in the lengthwise direction at the FARE tool. Each row has eight flow holes in the circumferential direction.
Figure 7 shows photographs of the original FARE tool and the improved FARE tool. In order to verify the performance of the improved FARE tool under real plant conditions, tests were performed at 310 ℃ and 10 MPa at Stern Laboratories, Inc. in Canada. Stern Laboratories has a CANDU plant refueling test facility that can simulate real plant conditions.
Figure 8 shows the test results comparing the original and improved FARE tool pressure drops at different initial flow rates. The horizontal axis in each figure refers to the initial flow rate (kg/s) of the fuel channel, and the vertical axis refers to the pressure drop (ΔP, kPa) and drag force (N) caused by the FARE tool. The figures show both that the pressure drop and drag force of the improved FARE tool decreased compared to those of the original FARE tool (in the range of 10.0 to 25 kg/s; improved/original = 63%). The reduced pressure drop and drag force resulted in an increased flow rate in the fuel channel.
The drag forces of the improved tool are about 2300 and 2800 N at flow rates of 10.0 and 25 kg/s, respectively.
As the required fluid force for refueling is 1644 N, the drag force of the improved FARE tool provides a sufficient fluid force for refueling.
Figure 9 shows the flow rate changes of the original and improved FARE tool corresponding to the location of the FARE tool during refueling. The figure shows an overall increase of channel flow rate for the improved FARE tool compared to the original tool. The increase of channel flow rate helps to suppress the increase of coolant temperature during refueling, thereby improving the safety and operation of the plant.
Where ΔP i–o is the pressure drop from inlet header to outlet header; k 1 , k 2 are the pressure loss coefficients in arbitrary channels 1 and 2, respectively; Q 1 , Q 2 are the flow rates (kg/s) in channels 1 and 2, respectively; A(m 2 ) is the crosssectional area of the channel; and ρ(kg/m 3 ) is the fluid density.
to show the relationship between the flow rates and pressure loss coefficients. This means that the change in the channel flow rate is proportional to the square root of the reciprocal of the change in channel pressure drop.
FARE tool is used, the channel flow rate is reduced by 1.9 kg/s (9%), from 20 to 18.2 kg/s. When the improved FARE tool is used, the channel flow reduction is about 50% of the original FARE tool.
After confirming through laboratory testing and analysis that the improved FARE tool performance is sufficient for application to a real plant site, an on-site refueling test was conducted at Wolsong Nuclear Power Plant Unit 2. The on-site test was carried out in two stages during August 12-22, 2009.
In the first stage, a latching/separation test between the improved FARE tool and the plant site refueling supporting equipment rams was conducted. No problems occurred during ten rounds of latching/separation tests between the FARE tool and the rams. In the second stage, a real refueling test was conducted with the improved FARE tool on August 22, 2009 at 60% of full power. The target refueling channel was the B-14 channel shown in Figure 1 .
signal by maintaining the flow rate above 80% of normal flow during the whole process of refueling. The improved FARE tool kept at least a 5% margin from the low flow limit, and refueling work with the improved FARE tool was successfully completed without any problems.
CANDU-type nuclear power plants use a flow-assist ram extension (FARE) tool as a refueling aid for the refueling of fuel channels. The existing FARE tool showed an inadequate flow rate in the fuel channel for a period of time during the refueling process.
We identified the cause of the low flow rate phenomenon associated with the existing FARE tool. The excessive low flow phenomenon in the FARE channel was attributed to the delayed opening of the orifice ring inside the channel and to excessive pressure loss occurring when the FARE tool passes the linear tube hole.
Based on this understanding, a new FARE tool design that would solve the low flow rate problem was developed and built. This new design was tested many times using a refueling test apparatus in order to determine the optimum design parameters. For a performance test at a real plant under conditions of high temperature and high pressure, tests were carried out at Stern Laboratories, Inc. in Canada. Finally, a plant on-site test was performed at Wolsong Nuclear Power Plant Unit 2 in Korea. This refueling test with the improved FARE tool was successfully completed without any problems. The low flow rate phenomenon (below 80% of normal flow) was eliminated with the improved FARE tool. Several additional improved FARE tools were manufactured and are currently being used for Korean CANDU plants refueling work.
 SK LEE , and SY HONG , "DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPROVED FARE TOOL WITH APPLICATION TO WOLSONG NUCLEAR POWER PLANT", Nuclear Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, no. 2, Apr 2013.


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text:
Vantage Press was a self-publishing company based in the United States. The company was founded in 1949 and ceased operations in late 2012.

Vantage was the largest vanity press in the United States. By 1956, they were publishing hundreds of titles per year. By 1958, they were facing legal problems, as the Federal Trade Commission raised charges regarding their use of the term "cooperative" to explain their business model, when the author was actually paying all of the costs. In 1990, the State Supreme Court in New York ordered Vantage to pay $3.5 million in damages to 2,200 authors it had defrauded. According to the plaintiffs, Vantage charged money upfront, but never promoted the books as the authors had expected.

References

Self-publishing companies
Book publishing companies of the United States
Publishing companies established in 1949
Companies disestablished in 2012
Defunct companies based in Massachusetts
1949 establishments in New York (state)
2012 disestablishments in Massachusetts