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SUMMARY: Mather Economics followed the trends of digital subscriptions and reader retention throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Here is a look back at their 2020 insights.
11 audience insights remembered from 2020
Satisfying Audiences Blog | 28 December 2020
By Matt Lindsay
Mather Economics
2020 has been a year unlike any other in recent memory.
This post is a review of our (nearly) monthly blog posts before and during the global COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, 2020 was my fourth year as a blogger for INMA, and this post is the fourth annual review. These annual reviews are a nice way to end the year and reflect on what we have learned.
Digital subscription and churn-related trends were impacted by COVID-19.
January: trends in digital subscriptions
The first post of 2020 summarised trends related to digital subscriptions. These trends were:
Less free content for non-subscribers.
Lower acquisition offer prices to offset the lower engagement of readers hitting the paywall.
Longer promotional periods to give readers time to build the reading habit.
Onboarding journeys to promote engagement during their promotional period.
Content promotion to drive subscriptions from content-motivated subscribers.
Brand promotion to preserve the brand value of local newspapers in their communities.
Value letters to highlight the value proposition of digital subscriptions.
Targeted average return per user (ARPU) increases to raise digital subscription prices to levels comparable to print while minimising losses from price-sensitive customers.
March: digital subscription benchmarks during the COVID-19 pandemic
The first COVID-19-related blog post of the year was this entry from March. In this article we compared key subscription metrics from the 30 days between January 17 and February 16 to February 17 to March 16. Key observations were that conversion rates had increased 49% and total conversions 71%.
April: the limits of propensity scoring
Arvid and I co-authored this post that summarised an important finding from our work with publishers on dynamic metering. Our primary insight was that the optimal metre strategy was to have tight metres on both ends of the reader engagement distribution but for different reasons.
Highly engaged readers were the best subscription targets and should receive subscription offers as soon as possible. Unengaged and mostly unknown readers should not receive much free content since they were unlikely to view another page, and the lack of data on them minimised the value of propensity scoring. We call this the "rainbow" metre strategy since additional free content should only be offered to customers in the middle of the engagement distribution.
May: the churn-price elasticity matrix
The May post advocated publishers segment their readers by churn risk and price elasticity to determine the best tactics to employ for individual subscribers. Knowledge of these two customer characteristics enables publishers to focus their retention efforts where they are most needed and to raise long-term audience revenue and customer lifetime value.
June: how to have a breakthrough in subscription volumes
By June of this year, COVID-19 had accelerated start volumes for many publishers around the world. The issue of sustaining the trends in digital subscription growth was on the minds of many companies.
Mather summarised the tactics that help publishers take their digital subscription volumes to the next level. Tactics that are discussed in this post include:
Changing the nature of acquisition offers to grow start volume and improve retention. This includes long-term offers and extended promotional terms.
Increasing subscription starts. We provided details related to growing the number of sales attempts with premium content, reducing the amount of free content, adopting an organisational structure that facilitated rapid product development and experimentation, and reducing friction in the checkout process.
Decreasing subscription stops. Strategies related to this include minimising renewal payment frictions, proactive targeted retention campaigns, onboarding journeys for new subscribers, and strategic pricing tactics.
July: COVID-19 benchmark update
The COVID-19 pandemic's effects on subscriptions was coming off of the early peak, and we provided a summary of the metrics by month from February to July. Mather published monthly updates for our clients through this time, and we shared the key findings from those updates in this post. Clearly, COVID-19 was here to stay for much longer than initially hoped.
August: the value of knowing a reader
Arvid and I extended the subject of our April post by measuring how valuable converting an unknown visitor to a known reader was to a publisher. We advocated strongly for the adoption of registration walls to help move readers down the conversion funnel toward subscription purchases. In summary, a successful registration resulted in a four-fold lift in conversion probability and a 3.4-fold gain in net revenue from a reader.
September: digital subscription pricing test results
Matthew Lulay and I described our work with several publishers on renewal price tests on digital subscriptions in our September blog post. The good news is that we observed low price elasticity for engaged, long-tenured digital subscriptions. We noted a sustainable digital subscription business requires prices for digital customers that are comparable to print subscriptions. Fortunately, publishers appear to have pricing power for digital subscriptions.
October: maximising long-term audience revenue
The difficult task of migrating subscribers from profitable print subscriptions to equally profitable digital subscriptions was the focus of our October post. Understanding the current profitability of print subscribers and developing a plan for engaging these readers on digital platforms and migrating them to fewer print-day packages are the critical steps for retaining long-term subscription revenue and profits.
November: interview with Matthijs van de Peppel of NRC
My co-author of The Relationship Economy in 2017 and long-term collaborator, Matthijs van de Peppel, director of B2C marketing at NRC Media in Amsterdam, shared the story of how NRC has reached its all-time high number of subscribers in 2020. We discussed the path to this point beginning in 2015, and his adoption of innovative management tactics that are described in his new book with Xavier van Leeuwe, The Human Touch.
December: here we are!
One big topic from 2020 that was not covered in a blog post was how to optimise the number of print days for your market. My colleague Matthew Lulay and Madeline Zwingelberg have completed several engagements in this area, and Dawn McMullan shared some of these insights in her excellent recent INMA report on the subject.
Hope you all have a wonderful holiday season and happy new year!
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About Matt Lindsay
Matt Lindsay is president at Mather Economics, based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. He can be reached at matt@mathereconomics.com.
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The Catherine Lambert Junior Recital Prize 2015 will take place on Sunday, 22nd November at the Purcell School, Bushey Heath
For more information, please contact the Co-ordinator, Carolyn Richards
Carolyn Richards, 29 Petersfield, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 4EP Tel. 07768 086 123.
E-mail: CarolynWestrip@aol.com
This entry was posted in Past Events on June 24, 2015 by AESS.
Unsung Heroines – Sunday, September 27th
The AESS
Unsung Heroines
Wroughton Theatre, King Edward's School, North Road, Bath BA2 6HU
11.00a.m. – 5.30p.m.
As part of the occasional series of concerts 'Unsung Heroes', the Association of English Singers & Speakers
presents a study day and concerts exploring the women composers who have contributed to the English Song repertoire.
Featured composers include Betty Roe, Rebecca Clarke, Liza Lehmann, Amy Woodforde Finden, and others.
Requests for tickets and any other enquiries about the events should be addressed to Patricia Williams at williams.typnigerror@tiscali.co.uk
Open to the general public.
11.00 a.m. A workshop for young singers aged 13-18 on the songs of Betty Roe.
1.30 p.m. An informal concert of Betty Roe songs given by AESS members and their pupils.
3.00 p.m. A concert featuring women composers of the past including Frances Allitsen, Amy Beach, Rebecca Clarke Teresa del Riego, Rosalind Ellicott, Amy Woodforde Finden, Amy Horrocks, Liza Lehmann, Caroline Maude, Maude Valerie White.
The map below shows the location of the Wroughton Theatre at King Edward's School, North Road, Bath, BA2 6HU.
The Fell Prize for Musical Theatre, Sunday, June 7th at the Sylvia Young Theatre School, Central London
The AESS Fell Prize for Musical Theatre was held on Sunday, June 7th at the Sylvia Young Theatre School, Central London
On Sunday, June 7th, the 3rd Fell Prize for Musical Theatre, took place at the Sylvia Young School.
Sarah Leonard gave a short welcome to all present and introduced the adjudicators, Rosamund Shelley and Michael Dore.
Entrants drawn from the Royal Academy of Music, the Royal College of Music, E15, Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama, Mountview Theatre School, Millennium and West End Masterclass competed for the £1000 prize.
Competitors were between 18-25 years old, of any nationality and in full time training or preparing for a career in Musical Theatre. They were required to perform a song and a scene/speech as a sequence in the original English which could come from any source and be presented in any order. The programmes had to be less than six minutes in length.
The prize was awarded to Christopher McGuigan of the Royal Academy of Music.
Congratulations to him and our thanks to the other singers for helping to promote the ideals of the AESS.
Members of the AESS added to an audience of friends and family supporting the performers as they contributed to an interesting and varied afternoon.
We thank the Sylvia Young School for allowing us the use of their premises.
Thanks also are due to the co-ordinators, Jean Hornbuckle and Jane Roberson.
The AESS is pleased to be associated with the Toni Fell Trust in presenting this prize. Visit: http://tonifelltrust.org
The nine competitors with judges, Rosamund Shelley and Michael Dore
The worthy winner, Christopher McGuigan, with the judges
The Patricia Routledge National English Song Competition on Wednesday, May 13th at Trinity Laban, Greenwich
The Final took place on Wednesday, May 13th at the Trinity Laban Conservatoire for Music & Dance.
Chairman, Sarah Leonard, welcomed the audience and introduced the evening.
Five singers sang a twenty minute themed recital of their choosing using poetry, prose and English song which the enthusiastic members of the audience greatly enjoyed.
The judges, Julia Dewhurst, Nigel Cliffe, Gavin Roberts and Jonathan Courage were impressed by the variety and strength of the performances and awarded the prizes accordingly:
1st Prize of £2,000 Rhiannon Llewellyn – Soprano
2nd Prize of £1,000 Richard Moore – Bass-Baritone
3rd Prize of £1,000 David Jones – Baritone
The Accompanist's Prize of £1,000 Peter Foggitt
Patricia Routledge was on hand to present the awards and we thank her for her support of this important competition.
The Director and Staff of Trinity Laban
The Judges
Susan Field – Treasurer
Stephen Miles – Co-ordinator
Nigel Cliffe announces the winners
David Jones (3rd) receives his cheque from Patricia Routledge
Richard Moore (2nd)
Rhiannon Llewellyn (1st) also accepts a cheque on behalf of her pianist, Peter Foggitt, who won the accompanist's prize
David Jones, Rhiannon Llewellyn, Patricia Routledge, Sarah Leonard, Richard Moore
2015 AGM & Annual Dinner, Sunday, April 12th
The 2015 AGM & Annual Dinner took place at the Royal Overseas League in St James' on Sunday, April 12th. 37 people attended the AGM (both members and friends) and there were more than 55 diners to listen to the highly amusing and poignant entertainment provided by Courtney Kenny. The address was given by Hon President, Sir Thomas Allen who shared his thoughts on commitment and communication in performance.
The main business of the AGM was to bid farewell and to thank retiring Chairman, Graham Trew who has faithfully served the AESS for ten years in the position. The Chair-elect, Sarah Leonard, was duly instated as Chairman and we wish her well as she leads the organisation to pastures new.
Carol English was also elected to become the new Secretary.
Read the Chairman's Report here
Read the AGM Minutes 2014 below
AESS AGM Minutes 2014 amended by 2015 AGM (13.5.15)
Read the draft AGM minutes for 2015 below
AESS AGM 2015 draft minutes 22nd January 2016
Read the AESS Trustees Statement 2015 below
AESS Trustees Statement 2015
Courtney Kenny entertains
Members of the committee with Graham Trew and Sarah Leonard
Graham Trew holds forth
Sarah Leonard holds forth
Sir Thomas holds forth
From Left: Lady Allen, Graham Trew, Patricia Routledge, Sir Thomas Allen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Google I/O Roundup: Search-by-picture Google Lens & other Google Assistant features announced
The ability to search-by-picture or translate-by-picture gives Google Assistant a powerful advantage against other digital assistants.
Danny Sullivan on May 17, 2017 at 12:45 pm
Today at its Google I/O 2017 developers' conference, Google announced Google Lens, a new way to search for information via pictures, which is integrated into Google Assistant. Google Assistant is also getting the ability to type queries into it, plus it is coming to iOS.
Google Home is getting a notification feature called Proactive Assistance, hands-free calling in the next few months, and Visual Responses that allow for answers to be cast from the device to phones or TVs.
Google also formally announced Google for Jobs, a job search engine that we reported being spotted in April.
Below are stories from us with more information on these announcements:
Google announces Google Lens, an AI-powered visual search tool
Google Assistant comes to iPhone, adds alerts, hands-free calling & more
Google confirms "Google for Jobs" job search rolling out in coming weeks
Google also said it is working on a standalone VR device, an all-in-one device that doesn't require a phone or being hooked to a computer to work. You can read more about that from Google here.
There were also announcements relating to Gmail, Google Photos and Android. Google covers them in its blog post here. You can also watch the Google I/O opening keynote where these were made or read our live blog of the keynote below:
Danny Sullivan was a journalist and analyst who covered the digital and search marketing space from 1996 through 2017. He was also a cofounder of Third Door Media, which publishes Search Engine Land, Marketing Land, MarTech Today and produces the SMX: Search Marketing Expo and MarTech events. He retired from journalism and Third Door Media in June 2017. You can learn more about him on his personal site & blog He can also be found on Facebook and Twitter.
Channel: CMO ZoneGoogle: Google I/O


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Fujitsu Develops 3D Gesture Recognition Technology Capable of Complex Tasks with a Single PC or Tablet Camera
Improved functionality via detection of "push and pull" hand movement, in addition to vertical and horizontal motion
Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd.,Fujitsu Research and Development Center Co., Ltd.
Kawasaki, Japan, and Beijing, China, May 20, 2013
Fujitsu Laboratories Limited and Fujitsu Research and Development Center Co., Ltd. of China today announced the development of 3D hand gesture recognition technology that, using video captured on a single PC or tablet camera, can detect not only vertical and horizontal hand motion, but also the forward and backward movements of increasing or decreasing distance of a hand from the display.
With existing hand gesture recognition technology it has been possible to detect hand motions along the vertical and horizontal axes, which represent operations similar to moving a mouse cursor. However, detecting forward and backward hand motions—changing distance to perform the same function as a mouse click—has proven difficult. Fujitsu Laboratories and Fujitsu R&D Center have developed technology for accurately and quickly detecting the area of a hand based on models of palms, as well as a technology that detects forward and backward hand motions. This has made it possible for users to perform click operations through intuitive "push" gestures.
The new technology makes it possible to use hand gestures to perform a host of complex operations. For instance, a user can wave his or her hand up and down to make a menu selection on a PC and then confirm the selection with a "push" gesture, even from a distance. Maps and other images can also be expanded or shrunk with "push" and "pull" gestures.
Details of the new technology will be announced at the International Conference on Machine Vision Applications (MVA) 2013, to be held starting May 20 at Ritsumeikan University in Kyoto, Japan.
Development Background
In recent years, attention has been gathering around hand gesture recognition technologies, which enable devices to be controlled through natural human movements. This approach to operating a device through hand motions that are detected with a camera is typically employed in situations when a user is physically separated from a PC or tablet device, when the user's hands are wet or dirty, or when the user does not want to directly touch a publically accessible device due to hygiene concerns. When attempting to substitute hand gestures for mouse operations, it has been possible to detect vertical and horizontal hand motions that are similar to how a mouse cursor moves, but detecting depth, as in forward and backward hand motions, which are equivalent to mouse clicks, has been difficult.
Technological Issues
Detecting forward and backward hand motions with a single camera relies on changes in the area of the user's palm. When the user is wearing short-sleeved clothing, however, or when the background is a color similar to the user's skin tone, it is difficult to distinguish between the user's palm and the background. As a result, it has been impossible to accurately extract the area of the user's hand from the background. Until now, methods using distance sensors that measure distance or multiple cameras have been used to detect forward and backward motion, but the equipment required for these approaches has made them quite costly.
About the New Technology
Fujitsu Laboratories and Fujitsu R&D Center have developed technology that can accurately extract the area of the user's hand from video captured on a single camera, thereby enabling constantly changing differences in the user's hand size to be reliably tracked. Key features of the new technology are as follows.
1. Hand area detection technology based on palm models
The hand is initially detected in a captured image, from which it is clipped out using block units of set sizes. Calculations are then made to determine whether or not the hand's characteristics (a palm model) exist as pre-registered data. The actual position and size of the hand is determined by performing this operation against the backdrop of the overall image while changing the position and size of the blocks. Next, the hand's area is extracted by taking the determined hand position and size and simultaneously changing the color threshold of certain parts to express the hand's original image. These operations ensure stable detection of the hand area.
Figure 1: Comparison with Conventional Methods
2. Depth detection technology based on changes in hand size
This technology is able to accurately estimate depth based on the continuity of the user's hand motions, including constantly changing features such as hand size, angle and central location. This allows "push" and "pull" motions to be detected with roughly 90% accuracy.
Figure 2: An operation that makes use of depth due to this technology
There are many possible uses for this newly developed technology. For instance, a user can wave his or her hand up and down to make a menu selection on a device and then confirm the selection with a "push" gesture. Movies, music, sports, and other kinds of content can be selected by waving a hand left and right, and then confirmed with a "push" gesture. Maps and other images can also be expanded or shrunk with a "push" or "pull," thereby making possible even more complex operations via hand gestures. In addition, since motion can be detected with a single camera, equipment can be produced at a low cost.
Figure 3: Example Usage Scenarios
Future Development
With the aim of commercialization in fiscal 2014, Fujitsu Laboratories plans to evaluate the technology's usability while working to improve the accuracy of the hand detection and recognition technology.
Fujitsu is the leading Japanese information and communication technology (ICT) company offering a full range of technology products, solutions and services. Approximately 170,000 Fujitsu people support customers in more than 100 countries. We use our experience and the power of ICT to shape the future of society with our customers. Fujitsu Limited (TSE:6702) reported consolidated revenues of 4.4 trillion yen (US$47 billion) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013. For more information, please see http://www.fujitsu.com.
About Fujitsu Laboratories
Founded in 1968 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Fujitsu Limited, Fujitsu Laboratories Limited is one of the premier research centers in the world. With a global network of laboratories in Japan, China, the United States and Europe, the organization conducts a wide range of basic and applied research in the areas of Next-generation Services, Computer Servers, Networks, Electronic Devices and Advanced Materials. For more information, please see: http://jp.fujitsu.com/labs/en.
About Fujitsu Research and Development Center
Established in 1998, Fujitsu Research and Development Center Co., Ltd. is a wholly owned R&D center of Fujitsu Limited, located in Beijing. The center's research areas cover the major business fields of the Fujitsu Group, including information processing, telecommunications, semiconductors, and software and services.For more information, please visit: http://cn.fujitsu.com/frdc/.
Public and Investor Relations Division
Media Processing Systems Laboratories
Image Computing Lab.
E-mail: depth-gesture@ml.labs.fujitsu.com
Company:Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd.
All company or product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Information provided in this press release is accurate at time of publication and is subject to change without advance notice.
This press release has been revised as of December 17, 2018.
City: Kawasaki, Japan, and Beijing, China
Company: Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Fujitsu Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., , , , , , , , ,


N.C. Rep. Rob Bryan, a Mecklenburg Republican with a leadership role in education, has been working for weeks on a bill he hopes will eventually transform public schools.
If you haven't heard of this plan, it's because the bill hasn't been introduced or discussed in any public forum. There's nothing about it in public records yet.
Instead, Bryan has been crafting his proposal behind closed doors, talking to lawmakers, educators and advocates of his choosing. In a process that has become common, he plans to substitute his bill for another one introduced in February, circumventing a spring deadline for introducing new legislation.
"This has actually been in the works for a long time. It just hasn't been on the public radar," Bryan said.
If the bill passes and money is included in this year's budget, the five schools targeted for takeover would be selected by Nov. 15. The handoff could take place as early as the 2016-17 school year, though the state Board of Education could choose to defer some until 2017-18 and others to 2018-19.
Mary McCray, a retired teacher and Charlotte-Mecklenburg Association of Educators leader who chairs the Charlotte-Mecklenburg school board, said recently that she was aware of the proposal and concerned about it. She did not respond to calls for comment Friday.
Fitzsimon said the complexity of the plan, as well as the challenge of evaluating results in Tennessee and New Orleans, make it essential to take time and have public discussion before voting.


Conduct primary and secondary research, process insights and data.
Develop visuals for the printed campaign and collaborated in the UX/UI development of the APP.
Through research, we identified pet moms as the new trending moms. These moms go online looking for products, feedback, and tips for their loved ones, pets and kids. Moms are concerned about using cleaning products with chemicals since it can risk their pet life. Method's cleaning products are non-toxical, chemical free and sustainable. The campaign focus on the importance of why every pet mom should use them in order to take care of the family.


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FBI review of CompuServe complaint violates restraining order
FBI review of CompuServe complaint violates restraining order06/03/96 PENNSYLVANIA--A Federal Bureau of Investigation "review" of sexual material on the CompuServe…
PENNSYLVANIA–A Federal Bureau of Investigation "review" of sexual material on the CompuServe electronic information service violated terms of a federal panel's temporary restraining order enjoining enforcement of new telecommunications rules, a federal District Judge in Philadelphia ruled in mid-May.
The judge barred the Department of Justice from reviewing allegedly indecent sexually oriented Internet content until a three- judge panel rules on the constitutionality of the Communications Decency Act.
Judge Stewart Dalzell, who is a member of the panel reviewing the CDA, said that a temporary restraining order issued in mid-February prohibits the government from reviewing sexually oriented Internet content that is not obscene and does not include child pornography. The FBI review was based on indecent and not obscene material, according to Judge Dalzell.
Under Judge Dalzell's order, the Justice Department retains its full power to review complaints regarding obscenity or child pornography, but if it appears that such material is not involved, the review must immediately cease.
Beginning in March, Patrick Trueman of the American Family Association sent letters to Attorney General Janet Reno, claiming that CompuServe was "a content provider rather than merely an access provider of pornography, possibly obscene material." Attached to one of Trueman's letters were eight photographs of nude women in poses analogous to Playboy or Penthouse centerfolds, allegedly available through a CompuServe database.
Terry Lord, Acting Director of the Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section of the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice, then sent a letter to Trueman, indicating that the letter and accompanying materials had been sent to the FBI "for further review."
Lord wrote, "With the passage of the CDA in 1996, we are turning our attention to the distribution of indecency on the Internet. As you correctly point out, the distribution of these materials has a deleterious effect on minors. While current litigation on the constitutionality of the CDA precludes certain actions until the matter is resolved, rest assured that we will pursue all other available options." (ACLU v. Reno; Plaintiff's Counsel: Christopher Hansen, New York City)
Communications Decency Act ruled unconstitutional
Judge enjoins enforcement of Telecommunications Act's "indecency" provision
Ban on sexually explicit magazines on military bases struck down
Court finds 'junk' e-mail is trespass against CompuServe
Online protection act blocked by federal judge


According to a recent report, a cyber hacker with the pseudonym Rasputin published possible vulnerabilities in various cyber systems from 60 universities, one of those being NYU. In response, an NYU spokesperson said, "My understanding of that particular incident was that it was published that we had vulnerabilities. But we didn't find any evidence that we had actually been hacked." However, the NYU administration recently revealed that there are 257 vulnerabilities that still exist. Going forward, NYU must protect its students against cyber attacks and be more transparent about possible threats.
Of these 257 vulnerabilities still within the system, 50 percent are medium to high risk. These weaknesses are indicative of the many issues in NYU cybersecurity. The protection and well-being of all students and faculty should be the university's main priority, and that includes the handling and defense of their private information. Digital security is nearly as important as physical security in the modern era, and it is NYU's job to treat the matter as such. If there are legitimate concerns about the security of information held by the university, we should expend all resources necessary to ensure the safety of that information.
Besides protecting students, the administration must maintain full transparency in its reports about the attacks. Students whose information has been compromised must know they are in danger, and it would be reprehensible for the administration to conceal the facts to save face. Details about cyberattacks do not need to be made public; it is reasonable for the university to conduct their own private investigations into these matters. But students must be made aware of any risks of further hacking so that they can take preventative action.
NYU has an obligation to not only alert its students of potential cyber threats but also to take serious measures to ensure that attacks like these do not occur again. Although the Rasputin hacks were not as damaging as they could have been, if the administration does not put proper precautions and countermeasures in place, the repercussions next time may not be so harmless.


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Home » Renewable Energy » What Is The Definition Of Non Renewable Energy
What Is The Definition Of Non Renewable Energy
What Is The Definition Of Non Renewable Energy – Renewable and non-renewable sources are sources of energy that human society uses to function on a daily basis. The difference between these two types of resources is that renewable resources can replenish themselves naturally while non-renewable resources cannot. This means that non-renewable resources are limited and cannot be used sustainably.
Non-renewable energy sources include coal, natural gas, oil and nuclear. When these resources are depleted, they cannot be replaced, which is a major problem for humanity, as we currently depend on them to meet most of our energy needs. What are non-renewable resources?
A non-renewable resource is a natural substance that cannot be replenished as quickly as it is depleted. It is a limited resource.
Pollution Story Storyboard By Aeffio2022
Crude oil, natural gas, coal and uranium are examples of non-renewable resources. All these resources are transformed into commercially viable products. People are constantly building from the stock of these things, while it takes a long time to build new stocks.
Renewable resources are the opposite: their supply can naturally be self-integrating or sustainable. The sunlight used in solar energy and the wind used to power wind turbines are self-renewing. Wood stocks can be saved with transshipment.
There are four main types of non-renewable resources: oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy. Oil, natural gas and coal are collectively known as fossil fuels. Fossil fuels were formed underground over millions of years from dead plants and animals, hence the name "fossil" fuel.
They are found in the underground layers of rocks and sediments. The pressure and heat worked together to convert plant and animal remains into crude oil (including petroleum), coal and natural gas.
What Is Renewable Energy?
The plants and animals that became fossil fuels lived 300 to 360 million years ago during a period called the Carboniferous period. The energy in plants and animals originally came from the sun. Through the process of photosynthesis, solar energy is stored in plant tissues, which animals use to supply their bodies with energy. When fossil fuels are burned, this stored energy is released. What is non-renewable energy?
Non-renewable energy comes from sources that may or may not be depleted in our lifetime, or even many, many lifetimes. Most non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas. Carbon is the main element in fossil fuels.
Therefore, the period in which fossil fuels were formed about 360-300 million years ago is called the Carboniferous period.
Let's take a look at a list of non-renewable resources first so you know which ones they are before delving into them a little more individually. 10 Examples of non-renewable resources
Why Are Fossil Fuels So Hard To Quit?
Now let's take a look at each of these renewable energy examples in a little more detail. Fossil fuel
Why are fossil fuels considered non-renewable resources? Fossil fuels are energy derived from organic matter trapped between the sedimentary layers of the Earth. This organic matter has existed for millions of years.
As a result, over time they dry out and burn to create fossil fuel deposits. These deposits are easily flammable. Consequently, it is an excellent source of energy for meditation.
However, fossil fuels are very difficult to extract. In fact, they are obtained from mining or drilling.
Energy Renewable And Non Renewable
Is crude oil a renewable resource? Crude oil can be considered a non-renewable energy source. Crude oil is a liquid fossil fuel that is mainly used to make gasoline and diesel fuel for vehicles, and to make plastics. It is found in rocks below the earth's surface and is pumped through wells.
The pumps are installed to suck the liquid. The liquid is then refined and used to make many different products.
Oil deposits that begin to form underground are called tar sands, bitumen or bituminous seeds. Natural bitumen is too thick to be pumped. Scientists call it cold carrot. Using special machinery, most of it is mined in Alberta, Canada and serves as an important source of energy for people in Canada and around the world. the coal
Coal is one of the renewable or non-renewable energy sources. Coal can be considered one of the most important sources of non-renewable energy in the world. It is produced by the breakdown of organic matter.
Non Renewable Resources
Coal is a solid fossil fuel used to heat homes and build power plants. It is found in fossilized swamps that are buried under layers of sediment. Since coal is solid, it cannot be mined like crude oil or natural gas. It must be removed from the ground.
China is the world's largest supplier of coal. In fact, they have been the largest supplier of coal for three consecutive decades. Uranium
Nuclear energy comes from radioactive elements, mainly uranium, which are extracted from ores and then converted into fuel.
Uranium is a natural element found inside the Earth. Most uranium deposits are in small quantities which are collected, cleaned and refined. Once deposited, the uranium is collected and mixed. After that, the sticks are placed in the water tank.
Difference Between Renewable And Non Renewable Resources (class 10)
When it reaches a critical mass, uranium begins to decompose and release energy, which heats the water in which it is immersed. The break is called fission. Hot water creates pressure again. This pressure drives turbines that generate electricity in nuclear power plants. Other examples of non-renewable resources 5. Natural gas
Is natural gas renewable or renewable? Natural gas is another non-renewable energy source produced within the earth's crust. It is very similar to crude oil. Natural gas is also extracted by drilling.
Natural gas is widely used for cooking and home heating. It usually consists of methane and is found near oil deposits beneath the earth's surface. Natural gas can be extracted from wells used to extract crude oil.
Ethane and methane are considered to be the most popular forms of natural gas. Russia, Iran and Qatar are the countries that have large natural gas reserves. thread of sand
What Are Some Examples Of Renewable Resources?
The tar sands come out of the rocks. Although it is a non-renewable energy source, it is available in sufficient quantity. According to current calculations, the supply of bituminous sand is available to meet the needs for the next 15 years.
Is metal a renewable or non-renewable resource? Steel can also be considered one of the most sustainable forms of renewable energy resources out there. Steel is made up of elements extracted from the iron core. However, the supply of iron is limited and this makes steel a non-renewable energy source in the world.
Phosphate is one of the natural sources of energy to consider. However, phosphate is also produced in small quantities. Then, you can go ahead and add to the list of non-renewable energy sources. 9. aluminum
Many people believe that aluminum is not a source of energy, but it is not. Aluminum is widely used around the world. It plays an important role in the construction industry.
Renewable And Nonrenewable Resources Crossword
For example, aluminum is widely used in automobile manufacturing. The plane is also made of aluminum. However, the supply of aluminum is limited.
Last but not least, you can go ahead and add groundwater to your non-renewable energy sources. In today's world, people use groundwater for most of their activities.
They also include many daily activities. In fact, it is also necessary for their survival. However, the groundwater available for human consumption is limited. For the same reason it is also called a non-renewable energy source.
As you can see, these energy sources cannot be used in any practical way in the short term. Currently, these energy sources are widely available.
Why Is Renewable Energy Important?
However, it's important to go ahead and start using responsibly. This is because we don't have a practical way to create the energy sources we have.
On the other hand, it would be good if we could find alternatives to these energy sources and replace them. So we don't have to worry too much about our consumption or limit our consumption.
Unfortunately, human society currently depends on non-renewable resources as its primary source of energy. 80% of the total energy used each year in the world comes from fossil fuels. We depend on fossil fuels because they are energy rich and relatively cheap to process.
But the biggest problem with fossil fuels, aside from their limited supply, is that burning them releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the main cause of global warming.
Renewable Energy: The Global Transition, Explained In 12 Charts
Alternative energy sources, such as wind and solar energy, are a potential solution to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Both of these clean energy sources are available in unlimited quantities.
A non-renewable resource is a natural substance that is not replenished at the rate of its use. It is a limited resource. Non-renewable energy sources include coal, which is natural
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'The Price Is Right' For 'DWTS' Pro Cheryl Burke
By Zach Seemayer 5:00 AM PDT, March 24, 2014
Cheryl Burke might be the pro on Dancing With The Stars, but when it comes to The Price Is Right, Drew Carey is the king. So when the gorgeous dancer guest-starred as a Price Is Right model, she was a little nervous, but Drew and the crew were quick to make her feel at home.
It's clear that the most exhausting part of Dancing with the Stars is the hours and hours of rehearsal and practice, but that's something Cheryl is used to. So what did she find to be the hardest part of being a Price Is Right model?
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"I didn't realize how exhausting smiling is," the 29-year-old pro dancer told ET after shooting her episode. "I don't know how Drew does it. He has to do two shows a day, then he comes and he has to rehearse with me all night."
And Cheryl did a lot of smiling, especially when modeling a brand new car!
It's easy to see that Drew and Cheryl have a great chemistry, but during ET's chat with the DWTS partners, Drew revealed what he liked most about his teacher.
'Dancing with the Stars' Winners: The Complete List
"What I like is that I know she's going for the best performance we can get, every week," said Drew, 55. "I really didn't want somebody who was going to go, 'Yeah, that's good enough. Let's just do that.' We're trying to do the best we can every week on the show to stay in it as long as we can."
Cheryl Burke's debut as a Price Is Right model airs Monday, March 24 on CBS. Dancing with the Stars airs Mondays at 8 p.m. on ABC.
Drew Carey
Playing: 'GMA's T.J. Holmes and Amy Robach Officially Out at ABC Following Mediation


Ahead of the re-run National and State Assemblies elections in designated constituencies in Rivers State, three Local Government Areas in the state are under politically motivated vicious attacks which have left in their trail, tales of deaths, blood, destruction and open intimidation.
These joint military/Police invasions have taken place in three LGAS of the state namely Gokana, Asari-Toru and Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni(ONELGA). One recurring decimal in these three deadly invasions is the fact that one Major Mustapha features in all of them. Major Mustapha , a Pro-APC military officer, was the Rivers State APC star witness during the hearing of election petitions in Abuja.
At Asari-Toru LGA on 6th January, 2016, Major Mustapha and his team of dare-devil soldiers and mobile policemen invaded the residences of the caretaker council chairman, Ambassador Sobomabo Jackrich, destroying his homes and valuables before killing about five youths. They also abducted 50 youths and women who were taken to Port Harcourt.
The same scenario played out in Bua Yeghe in Gokana LGA where Major Mustapha and his illegal politically motivated squad attacked the home of Chief Solomon Ndigbara, a former Niger Delta agitator. They burnt his home, before abducting his wife and 70 other youths. The Major Mustapha illegal squad also attacked the home of Chief Ndigbara in Port Harcourt, damaging the facility.
On 13th January, 2016 the soldiers and mobile policemen were at ONELGA were they unleashed mayhem on lives and property. The residents of the area are still counting their losses.
It is imperative to point out that in these three LGAs where Major Mustapha and other illegal security operatives struck, they were accompanied by known APC political thugs and militants who acted as identity operatives. These APC agents who were embedded in these illegal operations were kitted with security uniforms. Despite these security costumes, they were identified by locals.
This level of political desperation is unknown to the nation's democratic history. No authority had in the past handed security platforms to political thugs and associates to unleash untold mayhem and deaths on law abiding citizens.
But one thing is clear this resort to intimidation and destruction will not improve the lack lustre fortune of Rivers APC. If anything, it has further depleted the party's miserable five percent. The immediate past governor of Rivers State and leader of Rivers State APC, Mr Chibuike Amaechi squandered N3trillion that accrued to the state under his watch leaving the people impoverished and angry. That unconscionable act will not be forgotten simply because APC has authorised Major Mustapha to kill innocent people .
Those who sent Major Mustapha must be told that there is no APC in Rivers State. The party thrives on falsehood and mismanagement of resources. The Rivers people are enjoying good governance and first class performance under Governor Nyesom Ezenwo Wike. They have therefore committed themselves to the PDP.
Every well meaning Nigerian is invited to take note of this unprecedented violence being visited on innocent Rivers people by the military and the police under the ungodly guidance of the Rivers State APC. The National Human Rights Commission is also invited to play her role at this critical time. The affected local government areas have on their own conducted media tours of the invaded communities. The civil society is in the know of the illegal invasions of the unarmed communities.
Rivers State is PDP with Governor Wike as the people ordained leader with the magic wand of delivery being enjoyed by the state. No amount of military/Police intimidation can promote APC in the state.


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Category Archives: History books
Staged for Disaster – An extract from Scotland Forever by Iain Gale
An extract from Scotland Forever by Iain Gale
Opening Moves
Napoleon Bonaparte escaped from exile on the island of Elba on the 26th of February, 1815. He had with him only 1,000 men. Landing on the south coast of France at Golfe-Juan near Antibes, the man who as the Emperor of France had once ruled most of Europe led his tiny army north.
At Besançon on the 10th of March he was confronted by Marshal Michel Ney, one of his most trusted generals, and a regiment of foot. Ney had promised the French King, the Bourbon Louis XVIII, to return with Napoleon 'in an iron cage'. But such was his former master's magnetism that Ney's troops went over to Napoleon, and Ney himself joined them.
Following a triumphant march through France, the Emperor arrived in Paris on the 20th of March at the head of two Divisions comprising some ten thousand men.
News of his escape was laughed at by the allied generals and politicians attending the peace negotiations in Vienna; until they realised that it was not in fact a joke. Then panic gripped Europe, as people wondered if this man would plunge them into another twenty years of world war.
In fact Napoleon wanted peace, and tried his best to obtain it. He wrote letters to the Prince Regent of Britain and the Russian Emperor, proposing a peaceful resolution of the conflict. But the Allies steadfastedly refused his entreaties and declared war not on the French nation, but on Napoleon himself.
His response was swift and effective. Within two months Napoleon had assembled an army of half a million men, with some 200,000 in the field along with 360 cannon. They were mostly veterans and loyal to the man who for two decades had led them to glory.
It was a remarkable feat and it almost bankrupted France. It cost 5 million francs a month to supply the Armée du Nord, and they also needed new weapons and horses. Across France the munitions factories turned out 40,000 muskets a month, although bayonets were more of a problem.
Uniforms too were a mess. Regiments broke the Royalist fleurs de lys off their shakos, and some managed to find brass eagles with which to replace them. In particular there was not enough body armour to supply Napoleon's legendary cuirassiers, his elite heavy cavalry, and one regiment went into battle without it.
Horses too were in short supply. The Emperor's disastrous campaign in Russia had cost no less than 180,000 horses and there just weren't enough of them. Nevertheless, by June 1815 Napoleon was able to field an impressive army which to any observer would have had at least the appearance of the Grand Armée of 1805.
His opponents had three times as many men on which to call. 200,000 Russians under Barclay de Tolley were marching to the French border along with the same number of Austrians under Schwarzenberg.
The Duke of Wellington, victor of the Peninsula, had managed to scrape together 112,000 men at his headthe veteran Marshal Blücher had marched to join him from Germany. But importantly the armies were split, and Napoleon knew this. He had 123,000 men in the north of France with another 100,000 across the nation.
The only way to tackle his enemies was piecemeal, dividing Wellington and Blücher and dealing with each army in turn. To Napoleon's advantage he was fighting in his own territory on interior lines and thus needed fewer men. He also had other considerable advantages.
Wellington's army was not what he would have wished for. After six years of campaigning in Spain and Portugal, it was run down. Britain had also just fought and lost a war in America during which, famously, British troops had burned down the White House.
Most of the Peninsular veterans had been sent home, to fight in America or to suppress rioting in Ireland. The last thing that Britain wanted was a European war.
Wellington's British army, a total of just 15,000 men, comprised 25 battalions of infantry and six regiments of horse, but many were at half strength. In addition to this, many of them were untried in battle and some were very young.
Apart from these troops he had an army of allies: Hanoverians, Nassauers, Brunswickers, Dutch and Belgians, making up the grand total of 112,000. A month before the battle of Waterloo, he called it 'an infamous army, very weak and ill equipped and a very inexperienced staff.'
Of course, using his experience, Wellington did everything he could to strengthen this force. He brigaded green regiments with veterans. In each army corps he placed Dutch-Belgian divisions alongside British. The reserve was made up of British, Dutch and Germans. The historian J. W. Fortescue describes how this filtered down to the brigades:
In every British Division except the First, foreigners were blended with redcoats. Altens and Clinton's had each one brigade of British, one of the German Legion and one of Hanoverians. Picton's and Colville's had each two brigades of British and one of Hanoverians . . . In Cooke's division of British footguards, the three young battalions were stiffened by one old one from the Peninsula.
Blücher's army was similarly unimpressive. Prussia too was impoverished by war, but the King of Prussia ordered mobilisation and managed to get 130,000 men in the field. The staff was split between Blücher leading from the front and von Gniesenau, the mastermind who formed the strategy.
Napoleon took the initiative and on 15 June split his own army. The left wing of 50,000 men and 100 guns was to be commanded by Ney; the right, of the same strength, by Marshal Grouchy. Napoleon himself would have the reserve with the Imperial Guard infantry, an infantry corps and a reserve cavalry corps, 30,000 men with 150 guns. He would be able to detach units from each of these three wings as required.
His staff were vital. Soult was his chief of staff, with by the Minister of War, Davout. But some key men from his early campaigns were missing. There was no Lasnes, no Massena and no Murat. Worse than this, the staff were plagued by mistrust and jealousy.
And another key figure was missing. His chief of staff Berthier, who had been with him through his campaigns, had died in strange circumstances after falling from a window in Bamberg, Bavaria, on 1 June. So Napoleon had to make do with Soult, who had been beaten by Wellington in Spain. He was best known as a plunderer of fine art, and after Napoleon's first abdication in 1814 had been Louis XVIII's Minister of War. Soult was not what Berthier had been, an efficient military secretary. He was a battlefield general and was miscast by Napoleon.
From the start, though, whatever the Emperor's deficiencies, the Allies were on the back foot. They knew that they needed to attack, but they would have to wait for the Russians and Austrians for this to be possible. Wellington prayed that Napoleon would not attack before this. The only thing they could do was post pickets to try to ensure they knew where the French were.
Wellington was increasingly paranoid that Napoleon might try a feint and believed that his adversary would try to cut his lines of communication to the sea at Ostend. But Blücher's lines of communication were on the east, into Germany, and the old Feld-Marschal had to protect these. So even though they had already agreed that if one were attacked the other would help, the Allied commanders had their own conflicting demands.
The moment of truth came on 15 June, when at 3.30 am the Prussians were attacked at Thuin, south of Charleroi across the Belgian border.
The French had been on the move since 3 am, with light cavalry scouts in front and an endless train of marching men and wagons. Soon there was a bottleneck, and other things began to go wrong. General Vandamme did not receive his movement orders as the messenger fell off his horse and broke a leg. A general deserted to the allies. But battle had been joined. Jerome Bonaparte's 6th Division of the 2nd Corps opened fire on a unit of Prussian Landwehr in Ziethen's I Corps, and as the pressure was applied, the Prussians began to pull back.
By morning the French were in Charleroi fighting what remained of the Prussian resistance and Napoleon sat down beside a local inn and watched the columns march past on their way to the front. By nightfall on the 15th, the French had broken through and divided the armies of Wellington and Blücher, just as Napoleon had planned.
Wellington received the news of first contact at a ball that evening held in Brussels by the Duchess of Richmond. His response is well known: 'Napoleon has humbugged me, by God; he has gained twenty-four hours' march on me.'
His reaction was to mobilise immediately and move towards Quatre Bras, a strategic crossroads south of the capital. Then he went to bed. He was woken at 1.45 am by his Quartermaster General Sir William de Lancey, with the news that it was worse than they had thought and that Napoleon was actually beyond Charleroi.
Napoleon, who himself had hardly slept, was informed at 6 am on the morning of the 16th that the Prussians had grouped at Sombreffe. He was pleased. This was far too far south. Too far from Wellington.
Napoleon rode to the village of Fleurus, and finding his intelligence to be correct, positioned his army to do battle with the Prussians and sent a message to Ney's left wing, which was advancing towards Wellington at Quatre Bras, to send d'Erlon's army corps across to help him defeat Blücher.
Wellington meanwhile was concentrating on the crossroads and rode there, arriving at 10 am. He asked De Lancey for troop dispositions and was assured that the Reserve would be with him at midday and the rest of the army soon after.
In fact De Lancey was being somewhat being economical with the truth, and even as Wellington wrote a message to Blücher assuring him of his support, it must have been evident to his subordinate that such support would be impossible in the given time-frame. Unaware of this, Wellington rode across to a windmill near the village of Ligny to meet Blücher and assure him again in person of his support. Then he rode back to what there was of his own army, but not before commenting that Blücher was placing his men on a forward slope where they would be exposed to French gunfire and blown to pieces.
The stage was set for potential disaster.
This entry was posted in History books, Scotland and tagged battle, blucher, britain, england, forever, france, iain gale, napoleon, prussia, scotland, waterloo, wellington on June 18, 2015 by Birlinn.
Sikkim and Scotland
Andrew Duff, author of Sikkim: Requiem for a Himalayan Kingdom reflects on how he put his book together, and the connections he found between that distant province and his home in Scotland.
In September 2014, just as the fever over the Scottish referendum peaked, I found myself writing the closing chapter of my first book, Sikkim: Requiem for a Himalayan Kingdom (the story behind India's annexation of Sikkim in 1975).
I had often thought of comparisons between Scotland and the tiny Himalayan kingdom perched between Nepal and Bhutan. Here was a small, self-contained country whose people were generous and welcoming in a way that would not have been amiss in the Scottish Highlands. The terrain, too, sometimes conjured up thoughts of home: Sir Francis Younghusband, the adventurer whose infamous 1904 expedition passed through Sikkim en route to Tibet, found that the rivers reminded him of nothing more than a day fishing near Kelso.
The connection went deeper. I had first discovered Sikkim thanks to my grandfather, who had moved from Scotland to India in 1920. Two years later he had walked into Sikkim from nearby Darjeeling. He had left notes and photographs of the journey which I used to pore over as a child, captivated by the pictures of enormous mountains, rushing streams and spectacular Buddhist monasteries perched on hilltops. It looked so different from the image of India that dominated the UK media.
In 2008 I decided to take a one-way flight to India, with my grandfather's Himalayan notes and photographs tucked in the bottom of my rucksack. By April 2009 I had reached Darjeeling where I began to follow my grandfather's footsteps, walking down 5000 feet to the river that marks the border into Sikkim.
It was a magical journey through an extraordinary landscape, but it was in a hill-top monastery that I started to learn something about Sikkim's past – and moved towards the next Scottish connection.
The monk told me the remarkable tale surrounding India's annexation of Sikkim in 1975, and about the last King Thondup's marriage to American Hope Cooke, who some in India had believed was a CIA agent. The story seemed improbable enough, but when it turned out the monk had been the right hand man to the King, I was completely hooked.
On my return to the UK, I started to dig further into the story. I found two Scottish women who had taught at a school in Sikkim's capital, Gangtok. Both had been close to the palace, and had written weekly letters home throughout the 1960s and 1970s when the relationship between Sikkim, India and China had been at its most tense, spilling over into war in the Himalayas.
One of them put me in touch with Hope Cooke (still alive in New York and who had her own affinity for Scotland via her first governess). Although she was unwilling to interview about the events in Sikkim, she encouraged me to delve deeper into the story, again emphasising Sikkim's Scottish connections.
As I read her extraordinary confessional autobiography Time Change, I discovered another Scot at the centre of Sikkim's drama: the so-called Kazini of Chakung, the wife of the main politician in Sikkim opposed to King Thondup and Hope Cooke. It took some time to track down the Kazini's true identity; in Sikkim there are many who still think she was Belgian. In fact she was a Scottish adventuress par excellence: already through two husbands by the time she met the Kazi, she had been Elisa-Maria Langford Rae when they married. I eventually discovered she had been born plain Ethel Maud Shirran in the small town of Doune, in Central Scotland. Her amazing capacity for reinvention fitted with a story that just grew and grew. That she should have ended up in a book alongside Henry Kissinger, Mao Zedong, Kufikar Ali Bhutto, and Indira Gandhi would have tickled her immensely.
When my book comes out next month, I'm sure there will be those who draw analogies between the referendums held in Scotland last September and that held in the Himalayan Kingdom of Sikkim when it was absorbed into India in 1975. In truth, the circumstances were very different. During the late stages of my research, for instance, I discovered British and American intelligence records that confirmed what many had told me anecdotally: that Sikkim's referendum had not been left to chance. In fact things had got so bad that one of the missionary teachers had resorted to writing home in broad Scots (to confuse the Indian government censors who were opening every letter) when she wanted to get the message out about the dubious actions of the Indian government and its intelligence agents in Sikkim. It made me reflect on the extraordinarily polite and peaceful conduct of the Scottish referendum.
There are many more connections between Scotland and Sikkim, many of which hark back to more than a century before any of the examples given above. But that's another story!
I hope you enjoy reading the book as much as I enjoyed researching and writing it – mostly from a cottage in the Angus glens – and that it might lead to more connections between Scotland and this fascinating corner of the world, now India's 22nd state.
Andrew Duff
Sikkim: Requiem for a Himalayan Kingdom is available for pre-order now on the Birlinn website, and will be available in all good bookshops from 14 May
This entry was posted in History books and tagged andy duff, britain, history, hope cooke, india, king thondup, referendum, scotland, sikkim on May 1, 2015 by Birlinn.
October: the month of the history books
2014 will be a massive year for Scotland.
It's Homecoming which means there'll be literally hundreds of cultural and sporting events to welcome visitors to Scotland, plus lots of things to see, do, eat and drink! There are some major international sporting events, including not least the Ryder Cup, which is going home to where golf was founded at Gleneagles. Gleneagles obviously has huge history with golf, but also with the Ryder Cup, so 2014 is shaping up to be one of their biggest years. The Commonwealth Games are taking place in the summer which means athletes from all over the world will be gathering in Glasgow to compete for glory. It's the 700th anniversary of Bannockburn – the one where Scotland won! It's also when Robert the Bruce united the nation for the first time; interesting timing. It will also be 100 years since the start of the First World War, and there will be a host of events to commemorate this terrible anniversary. And of course there's a little matter of a referendum on the future of the political landscape of the nation and beyond – this time next year we'll know whether the people of Scotland want to remain part of the United Kingdom or strike out on their own as an independent nation.
So before all of that kicks off, maybe it's time for a little reflection on things past. As such, we've declared October the month of the history books. Here at Birlinn Ltd we have a long and proud tradition of publishing such books, especially those with a Scottish slant, so we've got a wealth of titles to choose from on our own list which is where our recommendations come from today. As always with this blog though, we'll be broadening our horizons and bringing you the best from across the world of publishing in the next few weeks.
To kick off then, here are a few recommendations of some of our brand new releases, but every week we'll be focusing on a different aspect of history, so stay tuned folks!
This summer's must-see exhibition was the community arts project The Great Tapestry of Scotland. Bringing together the talents of Alexander McCall Smith, Alistair Moffat and artist Andrew Crummy, plus over 1000 stitchers from all over Scotland organised by superwoman Dorie Wilkie, the Tapestry covers the history of Scotland from prehistory to the present day in over 160 panels. Longer than the Bayeux Tapestry, it is an incredible thing to see and here is the book of the making of one of the biggest projects Scotland has ever seen! In The Great Tapestry of Scotland, The Making of a Masterpiece, Susan Mansfield and Alistair Moffat tell the story behind the finished work of art, and some of the individual tales are incredibly heart-warming.
Scottish Cookery
It's Homecoming next year and nothing makes us feel more welcome than a bit of home-cooking, so here's Catherine Brown's classic Scottish Cookery. First published in 1985, this brand new edition has lost of none of the charm, or more importantly the excellent recipes. This is not just a cookery book however, it's also a look at the history of food in Scotland, and the important relationship we have with our local produce that goes back centuries.
Jewel in the Glen
The Ryder Cup returns to Scotland next year, and more importantly, it returns to the home of golf itself, Gleneagles. The course and hotel have a long history associated with golf's toughest contest, and the whole story is laid out in lavish detail in Jewel in the Glen by Ed Hodge. Ed is a former caddy himself, and knows the sport, the course and the competition inside out. The book, which was published in conjunction with the Gleneagles Resort, is full of interviews with professional golfers from past and present as well as people who have a connection to the hotel and competition, including Andy Murray and his family. Jack Nicklaus wrote the foreword, and if that isn't enough to tempt you, then the hundreds of photos from the first competition onwards should do it!
Empire of Sand
2014 marks the centenary of the start of the First World War, one of the bloodiest and senseless conflicts of the modern era. 'The war to end all wars', was of course a complete misnomer and it led indirectly to the Second World War just a couple of decades later. It also led to a new world order and the formation of the League of Nations, and perhaps lesser known, the mandate system in the Middle East. Walter Reid's seminal text, Empire of Sand outlines Britain's role in shaping the modern state system in the Middle East in great detail for the first time. Looking at the formation of Iraq and Jordan, and the infamous drawing of lines in the sand to create new nations, Reid examines how far Britain can be held responsible for the resulting instability that still plagues the region today.
A New Race of Men, Scotland 1815-1914
Finally, we recommend Michael Fry's brand new publication, A New Race of Men, Scotland 1815 – 1914. Fry is a hugely respected author and historian and in his new book he examines what he describes as Scotland's greatest century. Bookended by the Napoleonic wars which ended in 1815, and the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the intervening years saw an outpouring of creativity and inventiveness from Scotland – everything from combine harvesters to anaesthesia – and Scotland's biggest contribution to the progress of mankind. Underneath the surface though, the nation was riven by urban poverty, environmental destruction, religious suppression and moral ambiguity. These contradictory faces of Scotland have had long lasting consequences on our national psyche and in the run up to the Referendum 2014 Fry's book is an essential read.
This entry was posted in History books, Scotland on October 11, 2013 by admin.
Easy Peasy Pancakes for Shrove Tuesday!
Karine Polwart and Kate Leiper discuss collaborating on A Wee Bird Was Watching
Celebrating 20 years of The No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency
'The Sound of My Voice' on The Hitchhiker's Guide to Scottish Literature podcast
Join some of Birlinn and Polygon's authors for this year's Aye Write!
Birlinn on A new episode of The Hitchhiker's Guide to Scottish Literature available now
Janet MacKinnon on A new episode of The Hitchhiker's Guide to Scottish Literature available now
Methy Bossy on Celebrating Burns with a new podcast, sponsored by Birlinn Limited
Thanks for interesting post on Celebrate another incredible summer of sport with these sports books
Stuart Kelly


Really liked how the diagonal lines of this models hair length across her back accentuated her v shaped body. As in clothing.. Horizontal lines accentuate and add the illusion of more width.. Vertical lines accentuate and add the illusion of more height.. Diagonal lines are known to be neutral and actually great for slimming by reducing the illusion of width. Our eyes follow lines directionally.
If you have wide shoulders, or a wide neck or body shape than you'll probably only choose horizontal lines if that's what you want to accentuate.. choosing diagonal lines carve out and are known to be slimming.
Creating balance is important.. Opposite attract! :). When selecting eyeglass frames. If you have round full features, choose the opposite of round.. Look for rectangles and crisp lines.. angular frames..if you have thin long features (like John Lennon) think of how his round frames worked for his features.


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28 Jan, 2015 08:48
'Tangible risk' of terror attack at Euro 2016 looms large in France
Reuters / Arben Celi © Reuters
The threat of a terror attack at Euro 2016 in France, which will host the European football championship for the third time, has become "palpable" following the latest deadly shootings in Paris, organizing committee president Jacques Lambert has warned.
Lambert recalled that when he wrote the host bid, back in 2009, the terrorist threat was already part of the 12 risks identified as "major" at a key event such as UEFA's Euro 2016 championship.
"What the events in January have changed is that a theoretical risk has become a tangible risk, palpable, since it was carried through," he told AFP, referring to the Islamist attacks in Paris that killed 17 people.
"It doesn't probably change much for the security professionals regarding preparations of the event. But you see that for everyone, public opinion, media, teams, it adds a special intensity," Lambert said.
View image |
In the next three years, the number of security agency employees involved in counter-terrorism activities will be increased by 2,680 people, half of them working in the police. Of the 1,400 new police jobs, 1,100 will be directly involved in the intelligence units responsible for the fight against terrorism, French Prime Minister Manuel Valls announced earlier this month. Valls said French intelligence needs to conduct surveillance on over 3,000 radical Islamists, and announced the launch of a website designed to inform the public about ways to prevent radicalization. He presented the government's plans to fight terrorism following January's attacks in Paris where 17 people were killed.
READ MORE: €425mn anti-terror plan: France to hire thousands of extra police, spies & investigators
French authorities came under fire after it was revealed that the Islamist extremists who carried out attacks on the Charlie Hebdo magazine and Jewish store in January had been known to intelligence agencies for years, the Guardian reported earlier this month. It came to light that several members of the terrorist network were put under surveillance in 2010, while the gunman who killed four shoppers at a Paris kosher store on January 9, Amedy Coulibaly, was stopped by French police in Paris a week before his attack, with no follow-up from the anti-terror police unit.
READ MORE: Missile defense, London style
Contested every four years, the UEFA European Championship, which consists of a qualifying competition, playoffs and a final knockout tournament, has attracted huge crowds at matches and on TV. France hosted the inaugural European championship in 1960 (then the tournament featured only four teams) and the 1984 event, which the French team led by the current UEFA president Michel Platini won. It was awarded the right to host Euro 2016 after defeating rival bids by Italy and Turkey.
Trends:Charlie Hebdo attack


Vice premier minister Dmitry Rogozin signed a mandate to produce all GLONASS supporting equipment using only Russian electronic components. "Russia spends a lot of money from a budget to build and support GLONASS satellites but purchasing GNSS modules from China at the same time", as Mr. Rogozin admitted. On the eve government arranged a meeting..
British company Racelogic represented new low-cost simulator for GNSS LabSat 3 with record and replay functions. Presentation of simulator was arranged during the ION exhibition in Nashville, USA. Key features of LabSat 3: most affordable GNSS simulator on market record and replay just in one touch embedded battery provides up to 2 hours work without..


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May 22, 2018 galafan87
Manfriend's Mumblings | Sports Chat: Cricket
Ever heard people describe sports as boring, or say that nothing happens? It kind of frustrates an avid sports lover such as myself. Especially when those aforementioned people will happily waste hours playing useless phone games or watching pointless TV shows for the sake of entertainment.
So, why defend sports off the "bat"? The simple reason is, most people who hear the word cricket will immediately say:
"It's so boring!"
"Some of the players don't do anything!"
"Five days?!"
All, very educated responses, obviously, especially as they are given after a gargantuan two minutes of hearing about the sport. (All that is needed for a valuable opinion nowadays.) Yet, for over two billion people – a number taken from a very creditable source: Manfriend's mind – it's a huge deal. Of course, Indians do make up the majority of that number.
If you are from one of the Commonwealth countries – India, Australia, South Africa etc. – then you are familiar with the sport. It was designed by the British in the late 16th century – another sport we created and then allowed others to be better at. Yet cricket is an unknown in Russia, China and the U.S.
Now, there are three versions of the game: test match; one-day; Twenty20 (T20). I've always dreamed of explaining the test match to Americans and seeing their facial expressions when they find out that it takes five days and can still finish as a draw. Telling Americans that a sporting event can finish as a draw is worse than insulting them, or on par, at least. Of course, the test match is the true form of the game, but let's begin with baby steps.
I appreciate that many people will compare cricket to baseball, but that would be silly. So, let's look at the basics first, fielding positions.
(Via WikiCommons)
There are two positions that never change: the wicket keeper (similar to a catcher,) who is the only player that wears gloves; the bowler, who delivers the ball. Even though the two positions never change, the bowling personnel does after every six legal deliveries. This is known as an over. The types of bowlers available throughout the world of cricket are as follows:
Fast bowler
Swing bowler
Medium pace bowler
Off-spin bowler
Leg spinner
Wrist spinner
Do remember that every one of these bowlers have different variations of what they do, making some of them almost impossible to hit. Also, most of the spinners have a bowling action that is very difficult to read, which causes problems for the batsmen, as they don't really know which way the ball is going to spin.
The remaining nine players are controlled by the captain. In no other sport is the captain more important than in cricket. He needs to select the next bowler and advise on what he wants from him, as well as arrange the field in order to get the batsman out.
(Via Royal Challengers Bangalore's Flickr page) "Royal Challengers Bangalore player AB De Villiers plays a shot during match 57 of the Indian Premier League 2012 between The Pune Warriors India and the Royal Challengers Bangalore." https://www.flickr.com/photos/royalchallengers/8009082874
So, how do you score runs? Well, there are quite a few ways. A batsman can hit the ball and then run. A run is scored when the two batsman, one of them facing the bowler and the other at the non-striker's end, run to other end. If both batsman get to the 'popping crease' at the other end, then it constitutes a run. You must remember that there's a fielding team that's retrieving the ball, so you better make it quick. You can also score a run if the bowler sends down a wide delivery, oversteps the popping crease (no ball) or if the bowler bowls it so short that the ball bounces over the head of the batsman by a considerable margin.
If that's not exciting enough, then you can smack the ball out of the field. All around the playing field there is a boundary rope. If the batsman hits the small leather ball that's stuffed with cork, and it bounces inside the field before going out of bounds, then that's four runs. If it goes out without bouncing, then it's six. The batsman will continue to accumulate runs until he is out.
So, how do you get a player out?
He can be bowled out, when the ball is delivered and it hits the wickets.
The ball is caught. Self explanatory.
He's stumped. If a batsman misses the ball and happens to be outside of the popping crease, then the wicketkeeper can catch the ball and hit the wickets immediately, resulting in a stumping.
They're run out. A fielder will hit the wickets with a throw before the batsman completes a run.
A hit wicket. The unfortunate time when a batsman hits his own wickets with his bat or body part.
LBW (leg before wicket). If you decide to stop the ball from hitting your wickets by using your legs as an obstacle, then you can also be out.
Now that you've got the basics, let's move on.
Despite the lore and magnitude of international cricket, I want to introduce a domestic competition to you instead: the IPL (Indian Premier League). As previously mentioned the Indians are crazy about their cricket. In a country of over 1.5 billion people, it's their No. 1 sport, and they know how to put on a show.
To begin with, there's the player auction. I realise this sounds like something from the Dark Ages, with people being auctioned off to the highest bidder. In this case, though, the money goes to the player and not to his agent. So how does this work? Any player who wants to take part in the IPL puts their name into a pool and waits to find out if any of the eight franchise owners are willing to put in a bid.
The kind of bids that are going around are mind-boggling. Basically, it's a group of rich people who buy their favorite players for their own team. I bet you're wondering how much the top bid was. Well, it was for the English all-rounder – a term used to describe someone who can bat and bowl – Ben Stokes. He fetched a whopping 125,000,000 Indian Rupees (£1,364,748 €1,560,938 $1,837,833, as of 20.05.2018). That's a lot of money for a player who I never expected to be a leading star at the tournament (and I can confirm that I was very much correct). I hope the Rajasthan Royals kept the receipt.
Once all of that is over, the tournament begins. Eight franchises, located all across India, play home and away, totaling 14 games per team, with the top four advancing to the knockout stages. No other competition, in any sport, is as hotly contested as the IPL. This year, the pre-tournament favorite, Royal Challengers Bangalore, ended up finishing 6th.
Check out the final table.
After numerous tight games, amazing displays of batting, bowling, incredible fielding and catches that leave you open-mouthed, you're left with just four teams. This year, those include: my favourites, Sunrisers Hyderabad; Chennai Super Kings, captained by Mahendra Singh Dhoni, a man who is a legend in India – think Lebron James, David Beckham and Stephen Hawking all in one; Kolkata Knight Riders; Rajasthan Royals, who are going to be without the aforementioned Ben Stokes and fellow Englishman Jos Buttler. Both had to return to join up with the English National team.
So how does the knockout work? Well, this year, the top two in the group stage play on May 22nd at 9 p.m. IST (Indian Summer Time). This is Qualifier 1. The winner goes straight to the final. May 23rd sees Eliminator 1 between the teams who have finished 3rd and 4th respectively. The loser is out, and the winner goes through to Qualifier 2, played on May 25th, against the team who lost in Qualifier 1, for a chance to make it to the final on May 27th.
If all of this doesn't help get your interest, then maybe you would be interested in knowing: during the matches, there are dancers performing around the field; the commentators are hilarious; there are some amazing names on show. Unfortunately, Jasprit Bumrah and Mandeep Singh and Ankit Rajpoot are out, but Apporv Wankhade (pronounced: wank-ha-day) could still feature. *insert immature giggles at players' names*
This sport is full of skill, power hitting, clever bowling and magnificent banter. Nothing beats the sound of a ball coming off the middle of the bat, and being followed by an excited middle aged man shouting, "Woooooah, what a shot that is … " Still not convinced? Then why not watch a few highlights and see what you think? It will take less of your time than it took to read this article.
Highlights from the IPL.
Magic Moments from the IPL.
A huge thanks to Manfriend for walking us through cricket. Keep your eye out for more sports updates. Have other sports you'd like to hear more about? Write us, and we'll set Manfriend on it!
Manfriend's Mumblings
commonwealth nations
Published by galafan87
View all posts by galafan87
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Best Places on Earth for a Luxury Marriage proposal
Published on 4th March '19
If you want to propose at one of the best places on earth then look no further........... Oia, Santorini, Greece. Santorini has been voted as one of the most romantic islands in the world with its unique white wash buildings and blue domed rooves. Let's not forget the picturesque sunsets and sunrises. Getting engaged here would be a truly unforgettable moment. Cappadocia, Turkey. What about the beautiful area of Cappadocia, the area is filled with unique volcanic mountains. They are also famous for their open-air museum which fills the sky with hot air-balloons creating the most incredible back drop for a luxury proposal. Kakslauttanen Arctic Resort, Finland. Kakslauttanen is an extraordinary arctic resort, perfect for a couple to get away from everyone and be totally private. Each unique cabin has its own private sauna and log fire. The thermal glass igloo allows you to see the northern lights while lying in bed! From snowmobile activities to husky sledging, there are so many impeccable places to propose while on your trip. The Shard, London. The Shard, is the tallest building in the United Kingdom, it's one of the most famous sites to see in London. Why not propose in one of the private suites, or in one of the restaurants in front of this incredible view over the city. Paris, France. Of course, an obvious choice, but it is the city of love after all! Paris has been the destination for so many proposals over the years, it's hard to think of a reason not to pop the question. There are so many instagrammable places in Paris to get down on-one-knee. The Eiffel Tower, Disneyland, the cobbled streets of Montmartre or somewhere slightly more private like the Tuileries Garden. Exotic proposals on the beaches in the Maldives, Asia. A truly picturesque destination for one of the most memorable moments in your life. Just you and your partner on a secluded beach, sipping on cocktails while watching the sun go down. Can it get more perfect then that? You can also witness the bioluminescence that is a natural occurring wonder that sees plankton glow underwater, it makes the sea look like its full of glistening stars. Spectacular proposals-Umaid Bhawan Palace, Jodhupur, India. Looking for something elaborate to really wow your partner, you will be blown away with the sight of Umaid Bhawan Palace in India, it has panoramic views of the city and softly undulating sand dunes that merge into the distant horizon. Proposing over the Mediterranean- La, Chevre D'Or, Monaco. A timeless elegant 5* hotel, situated in the rolling hills right near the coast of Monaco, a hidden gem sparkling above the Mediterranean. The views are like no other. Propose with the endless deep blue oceans in the back drop. Proposing at Adare manor, Ireland Voted Irelands number one romantic hotel. The 840-acre estate that surrounds the Manor House consists of sweeping parklands, cultivated gardens, and secret hidden areas perfect for a proposal. Hire an Island for your wow factor proposal If money is no object then why not rent out your own private island, or better yet, hire a heart shaped island to add that unique factor. If you have been inspired and would like our help to plan your very own proposal. Then get in touch at info@theproposers.co.ukor check out our website for more information www.theproposers.co.uk. We have planned over 1,500 marriage proposals worldwide with 100% YES success rate.


Site visit- How to make a river speak?
Thanks to Morrison construction, I have been able to gain access to the flood alleviation scheme site in Forres and photograph some newly cast pieces on the construction site where the original tree sections were removed from. These huge sand piles are made up of material which was removed from the river, it has been processed and sorted into different grades of sand to be used to construct the new section of A96.
This was one of a number of site visits I have made since this section of the river was closed off to public access earlier this year. Some of the material Taken from the site, with the help of Morrison construction, was cast at the Scottish sculpture workshop this summer and will form part of a new large scale installation.
Here are a few images of the fabrication room at SSW where I spent most of my time during the residency. Big thanks to the lovely Luke Twigger for fantastic technical assistance. Not quite sure why I'm looking so serious, we actually had a lot of fun. By the end of the residency we had mixed around a 200kg of plaster and Luke managed to do this all with out ruining his black jeans…. a real pro.


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Le traité de Paris de 1718 est un traité signé à Paris le , entre le régent du royaume de France, Philippe d'Orléans, et son beau-frère, le duc de Lorraine et de Bar, Léopold .

Par l'article 2, Léopold  cède les cinq villages de Beaumarais, Ensdorf, Fraulautern, Lisdorf et Roden ainsi que la ville de Vaudrevange.

Par l'article 3, le régent cède la prévôté de Longwy, à l'exception des ville-haute et ville-basse de Longwy ainsi que des dix villages d'Autru, Glaba, Herserange, Lexy, Longlaville, Mexy, Mont-Saint-Martin, Piedmont, Réhon et Romain.

Les cinq villages d'Arnaville, Hagéville, Jonville, Olley et Vilcey étaient indivis. L'article 10 les répartit : Arnaville et Olley vont à la Lorraine ; les trois autres à la France.

Par l'article 11, le duc cède la rue de Bar à Knutange. En contrepartie, le régent cède le château de Bauzemont.

Par l'article 13, le régent cède la châtellenie de Rambervillers.

Notes

1718
Traité de 1718
Traité de Paris (1718)
Traité de Paris (1718)
Traité de Paris (1718)
Traité signé par le royaume de France sous le règne de Louis XV

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