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Electronics Glossary – C
"C" stage The condition of a resin polymer when it is in the solid state, with high molecular weight, being insoluble and infusible.
C/A Course/Acquisition (code)
cable Either a stranded conductor with or without insulation and other coverings (singleconductor cable), or a combination of conductors insulated from one another (multipleconductor cable). In fiber optics, a jacketed fiber or jacketed bundle in a form which can be terminated.
cable assembly A completed cable and its associated hardware.
cable clamp A mechanical clamp attached to the cable side of a termination assembly to support the cable or wire bundle. It provides strain relief and absorbs vibration and shock that would otherwise be transmitted by the cable terminations.
cable clamp A device used to give mechanical support to a wire bundle or cable.
cable clamp adapter A mechanical adapter that attaches to the rear of a termination assembly to allow the attachment of a cable clamp.
cable modem Modem designed for use on TV coaxial cable circuit.
cable sealing clamp A device consisting of a gland nut designed to seal around the jacket of a cable.
cabler A machine that mechanically assembles a group of insulated wires.
cabling The act of twisting together two or more insulated components to form a cable.
CAD Computer-aided design. Use of the computer in engineering design activities.
calender Process in which film and sheet material is produced by squeezing heated, viscous material between two or more counter-rotating rolls.
CAM Computer-aided manufacture. Use of computer to aid and direct manufacturing activities.
camber The warpage of ceramic material substrates. It may be in any direction away from the absolute flat condition. Generally measured by passing the slab between two plates of metal, set for maximum allowable camber.
campus area network A network which encompasses interconnectivity between floors of a building and/or buildings in a confined geographic area such as a campus or industrial park. Such networks would not require public rights-of-way and operate over fairly short distances.
Canadian Standards Association CSA – Independent organization that establishes and tests safety standards for electronic components and systems for the Canadian marketplace.
CAP Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation. A two-dimensional line code used in ADSL.
capacitance (1) The property of conductors and dielectrics that permits storing electricity when a potential differences exists between conductors. The value of capacitance is expressed as the ratio of the electric charge to the voltage between the conductors. The unit of capacitance is the Farad (F). (2) The ability of an insulation to store electrical energy. This is a function of the permittivity (dielectric constant) of the insulation. Usually expressed in pico farads/foot for a cable.
capacitive coupling The coupling of energy from one conductor to another as a result of the distributed capacitance between them.
capacitive decoupling The establishment of AC ground or a low impedance point for AC signals at a point in a circuit as a result of the presence of capacitance between that point and ground.
capacitive reactance The opposition to alternating current flow presented by a capacitance. The symbol for capacitive reactance is XC. The unit is the ohm. The formula for capacitive reactance is XC = 1/(2ðfC), where f is the frequency of the alternating current signal, and C is the capacitance.
capacitor A device – to store electricity and release it when needed – consisting of conducting plates or foils separated by thin layers of dielectric, the plates on opposite sides of the dielectric layers being oppositely charged by a source of voltage, and the electrical energy of the charged system being stored in the polarized dielectric. A capacitor will block direct current flow but will allow alternating current flow as determined by its capacitive reactance. Often used for filtering or DC blocking. The unit of capacitance is the Farad.
CAPs Competitive Access Provider or Competitive Local Exchange Carrier. Alternative provider to Local Exchange Carrier.
Carbonyl Iron A relatively expensive iron powder used in low permeability, high frequency powdered iron cores.
card image The arrangement of information in memory resulting from computer read-out of a punched card, the information arrangement required for a computer output of a card. A card image is hardware dependent, varying from computer to computer.
carrier (1) A group of strands or ends used to form a finished braid. (2) A higher frequency upon which voice or coded data can be superimposed (modulated).
carrier sense multiple access with collision detection A technique used to control the transmission channel of a local area network to ensure that there is no conflict between terminals that wish to transmit.
carrier suppression The degree to which the carrier signal is reduced in amplitude in a modulator or mixer. Carrier suppression is usually expressed in dB.
cascade To take the output of one amplifier and apply it as the input signal to the second amplifier, and the output of the second to the third, and so on. Each amplifier is called a stage, and stages used successively are said to be in cascade.
case enclosure
case temperature Temperature of the case when the converter and surrounding system are operating normally. Often used as a specification for DC-DC converters with extended temperature ranges. Case temperature is at times referred to as a Base Plate Temperature.
catalyst A substance which initiates and/or accelerates a chemical reaction but normally does not enter into the reaction.
catastrophic failure The complete loss of a device's ability to perform its required function. Most commonly associated with failures that are sudden or involve rapid deterioration.
Category 3 A performance classification for twisted pair cables, connectors and systems.Specified to 16 MHz.Suitable for voice and data applications up to 10 Mbps.
Category 5 A performance classification for twisted pair cables, connectors and systems.Specified to 100 MHz.Suitable for voice and data applications up to 155 Mbps (possibly 1000 Mbps).
Category 5e Also called Enhanced Category 5.A performance classification for twisted pair cables, connectors and systems.Specified to 100 MHz.Suitable for voice and data applications up to 1000 Mbps.
Category 6 A performance classification for twisted pair cables, connectors and systems.Specified up to 250 MHz.
cathode (1) In a semiconductor diode, the terminal to which positive charge carriers flow internally and into which negative charge carriers enter from the external circuit. (2) In electron tubes, the electrode from which electrons are emitted into the inter-electrode space.
cathode-ray tube The "picture tube" found in television receivers, oscilloscopes, and computer and terminal displays.
CATV Community antenna television (cable television)
cavity A metallic enclosure in some types of tubes and circuits within which resonant fields may be excited at the microwave frequency to which the cavity is tuned. Usually referred to as a resonant cavity. (See also contact cavity).
CCD Charge-coupled device. A volatile serial-access memory that stores bits as tiny packets of electric charge moving along the surface of a semiconductor chip.
CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone- The former name of an international organization that develops communications standards such as Recommendation X.25. Now called ITU-T.
CDI Course Deviation Indicator
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. A digital transmission technique based on direct sequence spread spectrum.
CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data.
cellular A wireless phone system that uses a grid of 'cells', each managed by a base station. Often refers to such systems that operate in or around the 800 – 1,000 MHz band.
center fastener A mechanical fastening device located in the center of mating connectors. Includes a threaded screw on one connector that engages a threaded bushing on the mating connector.
centi A prefix that indicates a factor 10-2, abbreviated as "c.."
central processing unit Abbreviated CPU. The section of a computer that contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuits. In some systems it may also include the memory unit and the operator's console. Also called main frame.
centro-symmetrical reflective optics An optical technique in which a concave mirror is used to control coupling of light from one fiber to another.
ceramic An insulating material having properties similar to those of glass, notably hermeticity. These inorganic compounds are subjected to heat processing and become vitrified into a solid form. The resultant products are used for film circuits and packaging materials in the form of ceramic substrates. In the RF/microwave industry, the most frequently used ceramic materials are alumina (Al2O3), aluminum nitride (Al3N4), and beryllia (BeO).
ceramic cores One of the common materials used for inductor cores. Its main purpose is to provide a form for the coil. In some designs it also provides the structure to hold the terminals in place. Ceramic has a very low thermal coefficient of expansion, which allows for relatively high inductance stability over the operating temperature ranges. Ceramic has no magnetic properties. Thus, there is no increase in permeability due to the core material. Ceramic core inductors are often referred to as 'air core' inductors. Ceramic core inductors are most often used in high frequency applications where low inductance values, very low core losses, and high Q values are required.
ceramic-based microminiature circuitry Microminiature circuitry printed on a ceramic substrate. Usually consists of combinations of resistive, capacitive, or conductive elements fired on a wafer-like piece of ceramic.
cermet A mixture of materials used to produce high resistance conductors for thick and thin film circuits.
CFM Cubic feet per minute, which is a measure of the volume of air flowing in a system.
CGI Common Gateway Interface
chain length In a linear polymer, the number of monomer structural units.
channel (1) A frequency interval or frequency band assigned for communications. (2) A single path for transmitting electric signals, where the term "path" may refer to separate frequencies or time slots.. (3) The conducting layer in an FET between the source and drain. (4) The entire horizontal cabling system: everything between the computer and the LAN hub in the telecom closet, excluding the equipment connections.
character One of a set of elements which may be arranged in ordered groups to express information. Each character has two forms: (1) a man-intelligible form, the graphic, including the decimal digits 0-9, the letters A-Z, punctuation marks, and other formating and control symbols; and (2) its computer-intelligible form, the code, consisting of a group of binary bits. Codes have been defined using 5, 6, 7, and 8 bit groups.
characteristic impedance The impedance of a transmission line that is independent of length. Also, the ratio of voltage to current at any point along a transmission line on which there are no standing waves.
chemical resistance The ability of an insulation to withstand the presence of materials—such as acids, bases, water, salt water, and fuels—that can deteriorate the insulation, or that, if penetrable to the conductor, can cause dielectric loss of insulating qualities.
chemically deposited printed circuit A printed circuit formed on an insulating base by chemical reaction, providing a conductive pattern.
chemically reduced printed circuit A printed circuit formed by the chemical erosion (etching) of portions of the metallic surface of a metalclad insulative material.
Cheminax cables Raychem's registered trade name for coaxial cables.
chip A single substrate on which all the active and passive circuit elements are fabricated by semiconductor manufacturing techniques. Its function can be simple or complex.
chip carrier A square semiconductor package having leads on all four sides and on .040 or .050in. centerlines.
choke An inductor which is intended to filter, or 'choke', out unwanted signals.
churn A term used to describe turnover in subscribers of various media such as magazines, newspapers, cable, and videotex services. Churn is an important measures of a medium's success in holding on to customers after they have been signed up as subscribers.
circuit 1) A complete path through which electrons can flow from the negative terminal of a voltage source through a conductor and back to the positive terminal. 2) The interconnected combination of a number of elements or parts to accomplish a desired function (eg filter, oscillator, amplifier).
circuit element A basic constituent of a circuit, exclusive of interconnection.
circuit speed The time taken for a circuit to perform its function – from application of input to resulting output.
circuit switching Switching systems in which a dedicated physical circuit path must exist between sender and receiver for the duration of the "call". Used heavily in the phone company network, circuit switching often is contrasted with contention and token passing as a channel-access method, and with message switching and packet switching as a switching technique.
Circuit-Switched Network Network that establishes a physical circuit temporarily, until it receives a disconnect signal.
circular mil area CMA – A unit of area equal to the area of a circle whose diameter is 1 mil (0.001 inch). Used chiefly in specifying cross-sectional areas of conductors. To obtain the number of circular mils in a round solid wire of a given diameter, express the diameter in mils then square it. The CMA formula for stranded conductor is to square the mil diameter of one strand then multiply by the number of strands.
circular mils (cm) The cross sectional area of a circular conductor calculated as a square conductor (cm is the diameter squared). This is often used in power applications for current handling capability vs. temperature rise.
Circulator A multiport device that propagates signals from one port to the adjacent port with low loss in one direction and with high loss in the opposite direction.
cladding An outer layer on a fiber core which promotes total internal reflection of light and also serves as a protection medium.
Cladding mode A mode confined to the cladding; a light ray that propagates in the cladding.
clear To replace information in a storage device by zero (or blank, in some machines). Also frequently used as being synonymous with "reset" – even in cases where neither memory nor counters are involved.
CLEC A distributed system model of computing that brings computing power to the desktop, where users("clients") access resources from servers.
Client/Server A distributed system model of computing that brings computing power to the desktop, where users("clients") access resources from servers.
clock (1)The device in a digital system which provides the continuous train of pulses used to synchronize the transfer of data. Sometimes referred to as "the heartbeat." (2) Timing pulses used within a system or circuit to synchronize the operation of components. In a DC-DC converter, these pulses are used to synchronize operation of the PWM chips.
Clocking The arrangement of connector inserts, jackscrews, polarizing pins, sockets, keys/keyways, or housing configurations to prevent the mismating or cross-mating of connectors. See also Polarization.
Close Magnetic Path Magnetic core shapes designed to contain all of the magnetic flux generated from an excited winding(s). Inductors made with these core types are considered to be shielded inductors. Shielding, however, is a matter of degree. Common core shapes that are considered to have closed magnetic paths are toroids, E-cores, and most pot cores. Shielded bobbins also offer a high degree of shielding but most have an air gap to some degree. Common core shapes that are considered to have open magnetic flux paths are rod cores and unshielded bobbin cores.
closed barrel The portion(s) of a terminal, splice, or contact that is crimped. When designed to receive the conductor, it is called the wire barrel. When designed to support or grip the insulation, it is called the insulation barrel. Wire and/or insulation barrels may be either "open" or "closed" in design. Closed barrels resemble a hollow cylinder into which the wire must be inserted. Open barrels are formed into an open "U" and are common to most strip terminals manufactured by AMP Incorporated.
closed circuit An electrical circuit through which current can flow, such as when a power switch is moved to the "on" position. The opposite of an "open" circuit.
closed end splice An insulated splice in which two or more wires overlap and all enter the splice from the same end of the barrel.
closed entry contact A female contact designed to prevent the entry of a pin or probing device having a crosssectional dimension (diameter) greater than the mating pin.
closed loop A routine in which a group of instructions is repeated for an indefinite period.
Closed Magnetic Path Magnetic core shapes designed to contain all of the magnetic flux generated from an excited winding(s). Inductors made with these core types are considered to be shielded inductors, although shielding is a matter of degree. Common core shapes that are considered to have closed magnetic paths are toroids, E-cores, and most pot cores. These core shapes do, however, contain minute air gaps that are unavoidable in manufacturing. Some common core shapes considered to have open magnetic flux paths are rod cores and unshielded bobbin cores.
CMA Circular Mill Area – A unit of area equal to the area of a circle whose diameter is 1 mil (0.001 inch). Used chiefly in specifying cross-sectional areas of conductors. To obtain the number of circular mils in a round solid wire of a given diameter, express the diameter in mils then square it. The CMA formula for stranded conductor is to square the mil diameter of one strand then multiply by the number of strands.
CMG Course Made Good
CMOS Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor – A popular MOS IC that uses both p-type and n-type material for the channels. This allows very dense packaging and low power consumption.
CMTS cable modem termination system
CO Central Office. A local telephone company office which connects to the main system where circuit switching of customer lines occurs.
coax Short for coaxial. Single-conductor cables with braided shields. Used in the 80's for data transmission. Now generally replaced with UTP for data. Still used for video.
coaxial cable A cylindrical transmission line structure consisting of a central conductor surrounded by a dielectric, which is in turn surrounded by a second, cylindrical conductor (called the shield or outer conductor). The cylinders subtended by center conductor, dielectric and outer conductor all share the same axis. The degree of flexibility in coaxial cables is indicated by the terms, flexible, semirigid, or rigid.
coaxial ribbon cable Ribbon cable consisting of parallel coaxial conductors joined together in a flexible insulating material and designed for mass termination.
COBOL COmmon Business Oriented Language. Used to express problems of data manipulation and processing in English narrative form.
Coder/Decoder (Codec) Equipment to convert between analog and digital information format. Also may provide digital information format. Also, may provide digital compression functions.
coefficient of expansion The fractional change in dimension of a material for a unit change in temperature.
Coercive Force (HC) The value of magnetizing force required to reduce the flux density to zero.
COFDM code orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
co-fire The process of placing the circuits onto an unfired ceramic, and firing the two (ie the circuits and ceramic) at the same time. Registration for this process is generally toward the center of the slab.
COG Course Over Ground
coil (1) Successive turns of insulated wire which create a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through the wire. (2) Another term for an "inductor".
Coil Hi-Pot The minimum voltage which the relay coil terminals will isolate when the relay is properly mounted.
Coil Resistance The DC resistance, in ohms, of the coil at 25°C.
Coils Another name for inductors.
Cold Bend A test conducted by wrapping tubing or cable around a mandrel or by bending it in an arc while at a low temperature.
cold flow Permanent deformation of polymeric materials (insulation) at ambient temperature due to mechanical force or pressure (not due to heat softening).
Cold Impact A test performed by subjecting a component to a specified impact during exposure to low temperature. It measures the brittleness of the material.
cold joint A soldered joint made with insufficient heat; solder has not completely flowed and wet the substrate.
cold weld A metallurgical bond. The joining of two metals (without an intermediate material) by the application of pressure only – without electrical current or elevated temperature.
cold work Hardening and embrittlement of metal due to repeated flexing action.
Collector The region of a bipolar transistor into which current flows from the base of the transistor under the influence of reverse bias across the two regions.
Collector Current The current that flows through the collector of a bipolar transistor.
Color Code A means of identifying cable components using solid colors or stripes. Also, the scheme that assigns a number from 0 to 9 for each of 10 colors.
color coding The selective placement of color on a terminal or contact to aid in its identification and to assure proper selection of the correct wire size and crimping tool.
color concentrates Pigmented resins with high percentages of pigment. They are mixed with unpigmented resins by the processor.
Color Stability The time and temperature ranges within which the color of a material will remain within the specified color limit.
command A pulse, signal, or set of signals initiating one step in the performance of a computer operation. See also instruction.
Common Conductive path used as a return for two or more circuits. Common is often used interchangeably with ground, which is technically not correct unless it is connected to earth. Also see Ground.
Common Carrier Licensed utility that provides communications services at government-regulated rates.
Common Mode Current A current conduction mode in which currents, present in two or more conductors, are flowing in phase and with equal magnitude within the conductor.
Common Mode Filter (or Choke) An often used type of EMI filter which is wound in such a way that the phasing of the conductors will present a high impedance to common mode current (or noise) while presenting a low impedance to the desired signal.
Common Mode Noise Noise or electrical interference that is common to both electrical lines in relation to ground.
Common Mode Noise Noise component that is common to both the converter output and return lines with respect to the input common.
Common Mode Type I On a single phase Wye bus, the conduction mode in which phase, neutral, and ground currents are in phase. The return current path is through the ground plane and the case.
Common Mode Type II On a single phase Wye bus, the conduction mode in which phase and neutral currents are in phase, but the green wire currents are the return path, thus 180¡ out of phase.
Common Mode Voltage The voltage that drives directed common mode (noise) current.
common-mode EMI Interference that appears between both signal leads and common reference plane (ground) and causes the potential of both sides of the transmission path to be changed simultaneously and by the same amount relative to ground.
common-mode impedance coupling The coupling of energy from one circuit to another that results when two or more currents flow through a common impedance.
compiler A computer program that converts a program in a high-level language such as FORTRAN or Pascal into machine language.
complement The complement of a variable or function is the binary opposite of that variable or function. In binary, if the function is "1," its complement will be "0."
component Any item used in conjunction with another item in its manufacture.
compound Any material composed of more than one element type.
Compound Under Strands CUS – A problem that occurs when loose stranding, or overheating during extrusion, allows compounds to get under individual strands of conductor.
Compression (1) The reduction in expected output power from a device or network that results from saturation of the device as a result of increased input power to the device. (2) The process of eliminating redundancy in a stream of data to represent the data in a more compact manner without destroying the meaning or information contained in the data.
compression molding A method of molding thermosets. Compound (usually preheated) is placed in an open mold, mold is closed, and heat and pressure applied until material is cured. Material melts and flows within the mold to take the shape of the finished part.
compression set The amount of compression an elastomer retains. Expressed as a percentage of original dimensions.
computer Any device capable of accepting information, applying prescribed processes to the information, and supplying the results of these processes.
computer, off-line Auxiliary equipment used with a computing system which operates independently of the main processing equipment, so as not to hamper the computer speed. Typical off-line equipment includes punched-card, punched-paper-tape, and magnetic-tape units. Also, the computer is not actively monitoring or controlling a process.
computer, on-line Major processing equipment of compatible computer speed which is directly connected to the main processing unit. Also, a computer that is actively monitoring or controlling a process.
Concentrator Device that serves as a wiring hub in star-topology network. Sometimes refers to a device containing multiple modules of network equipment.
concentric A central core surrounded by one or more layers of helically wound strands in a fixed round geometric arrangement. Different diameter circles with exactly the same center point.
Concentric Stranding A method of stranding conductor. Specifically, the final conductor is built up in layers so that the inner diameter of a succeeding layer is always equal to the outer diameter of the underlying layer.
Concentricity (1) Ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the thinnest to the heaviest wall thickness. Measured on expanded or recovered tubing, or wire insulation, or jacketing. (2) In a wire or cable, the measurement of the location of the center of the conductor with respect to the geometric center of the circular insulation.
Conditioned Analog Line Analog line to which devices have been added to improve the electrical signal.
Conductance The reciprocal of resistance. The unit of conductance is the siemens, abbreviated as "S." The unit of conductance was the "mho," which was once shown as an upside down capital omega.
Conduction Cooled Cooling a converter via a solid material. Cools a power converter by adding a heat sink or attaching the module to the system chassis.
conductive composite A material comprised of electrically conductive particles dispersed in a polymer binder.
conductive fillers A conductive material added to a dielectric to make it conductive.
conductive pattern The pattern formed from an electrically conductive material on an insulating base (eg the circuit paths on a printed circuit board).
conductive plastics A plastic to which conductive fillers have been added.
Conductive Polymer A dispersion of conductive particles in an insulating organic polymer.
Conductivity The capability of a material to carry electrical current, usually expressed as a percentage of copper conductivity (copper being 100%). Specifically, the ratio of the current flow to the potential difference causing the flow. The reciprocal of resistance.
Conductor A device or material through which current flows easily
Conductor Resistance The resistance to flow of the electrical current along a conductor. Expressed in ohms/1000 feet. (Usually referenced to 20°C).
Conduit A tubular raceway for holding wires or cables.
Configuration Arrangement of contacts in a multiple-contact connector.
confined (C) crimp A crimp that remains in the confines of the outside diameter of the original barrel. (See also confined crescent crimp).
confined crescent (CC) crimp A crimp that remains within the confines of the outside diameter of the original barrel, and is usually identified by two crescent (moon) shaped forms on the top and bottom of the wire barrel crimp.
connector A coupling device employed to connect conductors of one circuit with those of another circuit. Used to provide rapid connect/disconnect mating with a pc board, posts, or another connector. A housing becomes a connector when it contains the specified number of contacts (with conductors) to make it functional.
connector assembly Includes more parts than just a housing and contacts. It usually consists of a housing (with contacts), or a shell (with modules or inserts and contacts), and the necessary hardware to hold the assembly together and/or make the assembly a functional connector.
Connector Classes Categories based on shape, function, and smallest-size contact in a series.
Connector Insert In connectors with metal shells, the part that holds contacts in proper arrangement while electrically insulating them from each other and from the shell.
Consolidation point An interconnect device that allows the horizontal cable to be split into two parts.Used for zone cabling.
Contact The element in a connector that makes the actual electrical connection. Also the parts of a connector that actually carry the electrical current, and are touched together or separated to control the flow.
contact alignment See contact float.
contact area When conductors, electrical contacts, and/or printed circuit boards are joined electrically, "contact area" defines the actual amount of surface area through which current is free to pass from one to the other.
Contact Arrangement All Kilovac relays are one of the following: single pole single throw (SPST); single pole double throw (SPDT); double pole double throw (DPDT); four pole double throw (4PDT)
contact bounce The intermittent and undesired opening of closed contacts or closing of open contacts that occurs during relay operate and release times.
Contact Capacitance Contact capacitance is measured either between open contacts or between contacts and ground. Measurements are made per MIL-STD-202, Method 305, at 1 kHz.
contact cavity A defined hole in the connector insert or housing into which the contact must fit.
Contact Crimp A contact whose rear portion is a hollow cylinder that accepts the conductor. A crimping tool is applied to swage or form the contact metal firmly against the conductor. Sometimes referred to as a solderless contact.
contact durability The number of insertion and withdrawal cycles that a connector must be capable of withstanding while remaining within the performance levels of the applicable specification.
contact engaging and separating force Force required to either engage or separate contacts – both in and out of the connector housing or insert. Values are generally established for maximum and minimum forces. Performance acceptance level vary per specification or customer requirements. Sometimes the forces are not only measured initially, but also after specified number of engagements and separations.
contact float Defines the overall side play which contacts shall have within the contact cavity of a connector housing, to permit self-alignment of mating contacts. Sometimes referred to as contact alignment.
Contact Form All Kilovac relays are one of the following: Form A: SPST-Normally Open; Form B: SPST-Normally Closed; Form C: SPDT; Form 2C: DPDT; Form 4C: 4PDT; Form P: SPST-Latching; Form R: SPDT-Latching; Form X: SPST-NO-Double Make; Form Y: SPST-NC-Double Break
contact inspection hole A hole, perpendicular to the cylindrical rear portion of screw machine contacts, used to check the depth to which wire has been inserted into the wire barrel.
contact rating The maximum specified voltage and current to be passed through a set of contacts.
contact resistance (1) Measurement of electrical resistance of mated contacts when assembled in a connector under typical service use. Electrical resistance is determined by measuring from the rear of the contact area of one contact to the rear of the contact area of its mate (excluding both crimps) while carrying a specified test current. Overall contact resistance would be the wire to wire measurement. (2) In vacuum relays, the resistance of closed contacts is measured as voltage drop across contacts carrying 1 amp at 6 Vdc. Measurement is made in accordance with MIL-R-83725, SAE ARD 50031, or MIL-R-6106. In gas-filled relays, 1 amp at 28 Vdc is used to measure contact resistance. "Kelvin" connections should be used to obtain accurate readings.
contact retention Defines the minimum axial load in either direction which a contact must withstand while remaining firmly fixed in its normal position within the connector insert or housing.
contact shoulder The flanged or enlarged portion of a contact that prevents it from being over inserted into the appropriate contact cavity. The shoulder may also contribute to proper orientation and stability with the connector housing.
contact size Defines the largest wire size which is normally used with the specific contact. By control document dimensioning, it also defines the size of the engagement end of the pin contact.
contact spacing The distance between the centers of contacts within a connector insert or housing.
contact spring The spring placed inside a sockettype contact to force the pin into positive intimate contact. Various types are used – depending on the application – including: leaf, cantilever, napkin ring, squirrel cage, hyperbolic, and "chinese finger" springs. All perform the function of wiping and establishing good contact.
contact wipe The distance over which the mating contact surfaces are touching during engagement and separation. (See also wiping action).
contact, bellows A contact in which a flat spring is folded to provide a uniform spring rate. AMP considers cantilever spring construction to be superior to bellows because the insertion forces of the cantilever are desirably less.
contact, two-piece A contact made of two separate parts joined by swedging, brazing, or other means of fastening to form a single contact. While this provides the mechanical advantages of two metals, it also has the inherent electrical disadvantage of difference in conductivity.
contents The information contained in any storage medium.
continuity A continuous path for the flow of current in an electrical circuit.
Continuous Current The maximum current that can be carried by the closed contacts of the relay for a sustained time period. This specification is determined by measuring the resis-tance heating effect on critical relay components and must be derated at RF frequencies.
Continuous Operating Temperature Maximum temperature at which a component will maintain an acceptable lifetime performance, based on accelerated aging prediction.
Continuous Service Conditions (time, temperature, environment) that describe the lifetime requirements of a component.
Continuous Shield See six-sided shielding.
Continuous Wave The state of operation in which there is no interruption of the presence of a signal. The succeeding cycles of a continuous wave are identical.
control unit The portion of a computer which directs automatic operation, interprets computer instructions, and initiates the proper signals to the other computer circuits to execute instructions.
Control Winding The winding on a mag amp or saturable reactor used to control the amount of magnetic energy the core will absorb before saturating.
controlled part An item which requires the application of specialized manufacturing and/or procurement techniques.
controller An instrument that holds a process or condition at a desired level or status as determined by comparison of the actual value with the desired value.
Convection Cooled Cooling of a converter via the movement of air over the surface of its heat dissipating components. Free-air convection means that the natural movement of air (unassisted by a fan or blower) is sufficient to maintain a converter within specified operating limits.
Conversion Loss The reduction of signal power as a result of the conversion from the signal frequency to the IF frequency by a down converting mixer. Since this is defined as a loss, a reduction in power is considered as a positive conversion loss. LC = (IF output power)/(signal input power). Conversion loss can also be expressed in dB: L (dB) = -10 log (PIF/ PRF). When referring to a mixer diode, conversion loss is the loss in an optimum single-ended mixer carefully designed to minimize losses in the RF and LO coupling networks. Conversion loss normally includes power transferred to the image frequency that is resistively terminated.
copolymer A compound resulting from the polymerization of two different monomers.
Copper Loss The power lost by current flowing through the winding. The power loss is equal to the square of the current (I) multiplied by the resistance (R) of the wire (I2R). This power loss is realized in the form of heat.
Copper Loss The power lost by current flowing through the winding. The power loss is equal to the square of the current multiplied by the resistance of the wire (1^2*R). This power loss is transferred into heat.
CopperOptics A PairGain trademark referring to the functionality of the company's xDSL technology. In essence, with PairGain xDSL products, users can achieve fiber optic-quality signal transmission over copper cable.
cordwood The technique of producing modules by bundling parts as closely as possible and interconnecting them into circuits by welding or soldering leads together.
Core (1) In cables, a component or assembly of components over which additional components, such as a shield or a sheath, are applied. (2) Inner wall of dual-wall heat-shrinkable tubing. (3) Magnetic material placed within and around a coil to provide a path of lower reluctance for magnetic flux. (4) The central, light-carrying part of an optical fiber; it has an index of refraction higher than that of the surrounding cladding.
Core Constant The summation of the magnetic path length of each section of the magnetic circuit divided by the square of the corresponding magnetic area of the same section.
Core Losses Core losses are caused by an altering magnetic field in the core material. The losses aer a function of the operating frequency and the total magnetic flux swing. The total core losses are made up of three main components: Hysteresis, eddy current and residual losses. These losses vary considerably from one magnetic material to another. Applications such as higher power and higher frequency switching regulators require careful core selection to yield the highest inductor performance by keeping the core losses to a minimum.
Core Saturation The DC bias current flowing through an inductor which causes the inductance to drop by a specified amount from the initial zero DC bias inductance value. Common specified inductance drop percentages include 10% for ferrite cores and 20% for iron powder cores in energy storage applications. Also referred to as saturation current.
Corner Frequency The frequency at which linear extrapolations of two contiguous sections of a device's or component's transfer function drop by 3 decibels.
corona A discharge of electricity appearing as a bluish-purple glow on the surface of, and adjacent to, a conductor when the voltage gradient exceeds a certain critical value. It is due to the ionization of surrounding air by high voltage.
counter A device which maintains a continuous count of the events or pulses which are sequenced through, received, or sent. The word "counter" is sometimes used improperly as a synonym for scanner or multiplexer.
Coupler A class of multiport components that directs the majority of an incident signal to the output port and the remainder of the signal to other ports.
Coupling Factor The ratio of the input power of a coupler to the output power from the coupled port. Coupling factor is typically expressed in decibels (dB).
Coupling Ring The portion of a plug that aids in the mating and demating of a plug and receptacle and holds the plug to the receptacle.
coupon A specimen of a printed board, or of printed-board material, for testing purposes.
Cover, Electrical Connector An item specifically designed to cover the mating end of a connector for mechanical and/or environmental protection. Also known as a dust cover.
Coverage A calculated percentage that defines the completeness with which a braid or shield covers the surface of the underlying insulated conductor or conductors.
CPE Customer Premises Equipment-Terminating equipment, such as terminals, phones, routers and modems, supplied by the phone company, installed at customer sites, and connected to the phone company network
CPU Central Processing Unit – The section of a computer that contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuits. In some systems it may also include the memory unit and the operator's console. Also called main frame.
creep Any slow change in a dimension or characteristic when a constant stress is applied to a material over a given period of time. Also referred to as cold flow.
creepage The conduction of electricity across the surface of a dielectric.
creepage path The path across the surface of a dielectric between two conductors. Lengthening the creepage path reduces the possibility of arc damage or tracking.
crimp The final configuration of a terminal barrel after the necessary compression forces have been applied to cause a functional union between the terminal barrel and wire.
crimp contact An electrical terminal or contact having a wire barrel that has been formed or machined into a hollow cylinder or left to remain as an open "U." After a wire has been inserted, the barrel is swedged into a controlled form that will continue to exert pressure on the wire. A crimp contact is often referred to as a solderless contact.
crimp height A top to bottom measurement of the crimped barrel, using a Crimp Height Comparator in the prescribed manner. Refer to Instruction Sheet IS 7424.
crimper The term most commonly used within AMP to identify that part of the crimping die – usually the moving part – which indents or compresses the terminal barrel(s). Also called indenter.
crimping chamber The area of a crimping tool in which a contact or terminal is crimped; the crimping enclosure formed by the mating of the anvil (nest) and crimper (indenter). When the dies or jaws are fully closed or bottomed, it is the crimping chamber that is checked with a go no-go plug gage to ensure that the crimp produced by the tooling satisfies the crimp height specification. See also die closure.
Crimping Die Portion of the crimping tool that shapes the crimp.
crimping dies A term most commonly used within AMP to identify the shaping tools that when moved toward each other, produce a certain desirable form to the barrel of the terminal or contact that has been placed between them. Crimping dies for open barrel terminals are usually referred to as "crimper and anvil." Die set components used to crimp closed barrel terminals of the loose-piece variety may be referred to as "indenter and nest," "moving die and stationary die," or "male die and female die." Die sets are sometimes also referred to as die inserts.
crimping head Tooling containing jaws and linkage for use in pneumatic or hydraulic powered units to crimp loosepiece contacts/terminals that may be too large for hand tool applications.
crimping tool A term most commonly used to identify a hand held mechanical device (hand crimping tool) that is used to crimp a contact, terminal, or splice.
Critical Rate of Rise of Off-State Voltage Maximum voltage rate of rise that will not cause a SiBar device to turn on.
Critical Rate of Rise of On-State Current Maximum current rate of rise a SiBar device can withstand without damage.
Cross connect (XC) Connecting hardware used to patch between two groups of cables (horizontal to backbone, for example).AMP 110Connect XC.
cross crimp A crimp that deforms the terminal by exerting pressure on the top and bottom of the terminal barrel without confining the sides. Usually identified by a raised crescent (moon) shaped form on the surface of the crimp.
Cross Regulation For a multiple output converter, the change in voltage on one output (expressed as a percent) caused by a load change on another output.
cross-linked Inter-molecular bonds between long chain thermoplastic polymers by chemical or electron bombardment means. The properties of the resulting thermosetting material are usually improved.
Crosslinking The formation of bonds between molecular chains in a polymer by means of chemical catalyzation or electron bombardment. The properties of the resulting thermosetting material are usually improved.
Crosslinking by Irradiation A method of crosslinking polymers that makes a nonflowing material. This generally improves the properties of the polymer.
crossover The point at which two conductors – insulated from each other – cross.
crosstalk A magnetic or electrostatic coupling which causes the unwanted transfer of energy from one circuit, called the disturbing circuit, to another circuit, called the disturbed circuit (eg, voice communication heard in a given circuit, but originating in an adjacent circuit).
Crowbar Circuit that crowbars or rapidly shuts down a converters output if a preset voltage level is exceeded. The circuit places a low resistance shunt across the output when an overvoltage condition exists.
CRT cathode-ray tube.
CRT display A computer terminal presenting visual data readout on a cathode-ray tube.
crush crimp A crimp used on small contacts with small wire sizes. The wire barrel is preformed with the tips flared outward. During the crimping process, the flared tips slide around the crimper until the wire barrel closes, and then, the tips fold down and away from the center seam.
Crystallinity The portion of polymer chains that are ordered in a regular (as opposed to amorphous) structure or a crystal lattice. Crystallinity tends to improve mechanical properties and fluid resistance. Crystalline or semicrystalline materials have a well-defined melting point (shrink temperature) at which the structure becomes disordered and the polymer flows.
CSA Canadian Standards Association. A nonprofit, independent organization which operates a listing service for electrical and electronic materials and equipment. The Canadian counterpart of the Underwriters Laboratories.
CSMA/CD Carrier sense, multiple access, with collision detection. A technique used to allocate and control the communication channel of a local area network and ensure there is no conflict between nodes that wish to transmit.
CSR Centro-symmetrical reflective optics.
CSU/DSU Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit- A digital interface unit that connects end user equipment to the local digital telephone loop.
Cuk Converter Variation of the "buck-boost" converter that produces very low output ripple. Used primarily in applications that do not require input/output isolation. Also see Flyback Converter.
cure To change the physical properties of a material by chemical reaction, by the action of heat and catalysts, alone or in combination, with or without pressure.
Curie Temperature The temperature at which a ferrite material loses its magnetic properties. The core's permeability typically increases dramatically as the core temperature approaches the curie temperature, which causes the inductance to increase. The permeability drops to near unity at the curie temperature, which causes the inductance to drop dramatically. The curie point is the temperature at which the initial permeability (µi) has dropped to 10% of its value at room temperature.
Curing Application of heat to thermoset material to harden or set the material; once set, cannot be resoftened by heating.
curing agents Agents added to accelerate the reaction or curing of thermosetting plastics. They act as catalysts; ie, they do not react directly with the polymer in the polymerization. Crosslinking agents are distinguished from catalysts because they react with molecules and are coupled directly into the cured system as a structural member of the polymer.
curing cycle The time, temperature, and pressure required for curing.
current The rate of transfer of electricity from one point to another. Current is usually a movement of electrons but may also be a movement of positive ions, negative ions, or holes. Current is measured in amperes, milliamperes, and microamperes.
Current Density The amperes per unit of cross section in the conductor. This is commonly measured in circular mils per amp (cm/a).
Current Foldback See foldback current limiting.
current gain In a transistor, the ratio of output to input current under specified conditions.
Current Limit Maximum steady-state current level at which the power switch output is regulated in response to an overcurrent fault.
Current Limit Knee On a plot of output voltage vs current, the point at which current begins to limit (or foldback).
Current Limiting Feature that protects the converter (or load) from damage under overload conditions. The maximum converter output current is automatically limited to a predetermined safe value. If the converter is specified for auto restart, normal operatoin is automatically restored when overload condition is removed.
Current Mode Control Control method used with switching converter topologies. A dual loop control circuit adjusts the PWM operation in response to a measured output current.
Current Rating The maximum continuous electrical flow of current for which a device is designed to conduct for a specified time at a specified operation temperature. Usually expressed in amperes.
Current Transformer Usually used in a sensing device, current transformers customarily have a one turn primary. The number of secondary turns is determined by the sensitivity required and is terminated with a resistor. Toroidal in shape, cores of silicon steel, nickel alloy, or ferrite are used. Choice of core material influences cost and accuracy.
Current,Hold The largest steady state current that, under specified ambient conditions, can be passed through a PolySwitch device without causing the device to trip. For SiBar devices, the current at which the device resets to a high-impedance state once the surge current dissipates. See also Hold Current.
Current,Maximum Interrupt The highest fault current that can safely be used to trip a PolySwitch device under specified conditions. Typically the lower the voltage dropped across the PolySwitch device in its tripped state, the higher the maximum interrupt current. Maximum interrupt currents are usually shown in this Databook at the maximum voltage. It may be possible to use a PolySwitch device at a higher interrupt current, but each such use must be individually qualified.
Current,Normal Operating The highest steady state current that is expected to flow in a circuit under normal operating conditions. At the maximum ambient operating temperature of the circuit, the hold current of a PolySwitch device used to protect the circuit is typically greater than the normal operating current.
Current,Operating Range The range of normal operating currents in a circuit containing a PolySwitch device. Typically the hold current of the PolySwitch device should be greater than the top of the operating current range.
Current,Trip The smallest steady state current that, if passed through a PolySwitch device, will cause the device to trip, under specified conditions.
Current-carrying Capacity The maximum current an insulated conductor is capable of carrying without exceeding its insulationand /or jacket-temperature limitations under specified ambient conditions. Also known as ampacity.
current-mode logic CML – A bipolar logic family that works by diverting current from one path to another, rather than by switching transistors on and off. Characterized by very fast operating speeds and high power dissipation. Also called emitter current logic (EML).
CUS Compound Under Strands – A problem that occurs when loose stranding, or overheating during extrusion, allows compounds to get under individual strands of conductor.
cutoff frequency fc – The frequency at which the filter provides 3 dB of loss (1/2 power).
cutoff tab On strip terminals, the projection which results when the point-of-shear is not flush with the terminal body.
Cutoff wavelength For a single-mode fiber, the wavelength above which the fiber exhibits single-mode operation.
Cutout The hole, usually round or rectangular, cut into a metal panel in order to mount a connector. The cutout may also include holes for mounting screws or bolts.
Cut-through Resistance Resistance of solid material to penetration by an object (typically a closely controlled knife edge) under conditions of pressure, temperature, and other elements.
CW Continuous Waves – The state of operation in which there is no interruption of the presence of a signal. The succeeding cycles of a continuous wave are identical.
cycle One complete sequence of values of an alternating quantity, including a rise to maximum in One direction, and return to zero, a rise to maximum in the opposite direction, and return to zero. the number of cycles occurring in One second is called the frequency.


With fluid-assisted drilling, the directional GRUNDODRILL rig first creates a pilot drilling along a flexible bore path using a steerable drilling head. When the drill rods are pulled back, the borehole is upsized by an expanding head and the attached pipe is pulled into the bore path. That way, longitudinal bores, crossings underneath of waters and other traffic ways can be carried out even in rocky ground.
The drilling fluid consisting of water and the clay mineral Bentonite makes a major contribution to the successful execution of the pilot bore. It supports the excavation of the soil, removes the cuttings, stabilizes the bore channel and reduces the casing friction of the pipe to be installed.
The application range covers all pipe construction measures for gas, district heating and drinking water supply, the installation of sewage pressure pipes and cable protection pipes for broadband supply, telecommunications, e-mobility and wind power. The GRUNDODRILL HDD rigs are also applicable for further innovative applications in drainage and well construction as well as geotechnics.


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Q: Kafka Streams : Get count of events in time window I have data stream as <string,string> events. I want to get count of events for 10 minutes time windows and output to another topic. Following is my code
StreamsBuilder streamsBuilder = new StreamsBuilder();
streamsBuilder.stream("events")
            .groupByKey()
            .windowedBy(TimeWindows.of(Duration.ofMillis(10000)))
            .count()
            .toStream()
            .to("output");

but i get error
 ClassCastException while producing data to topic output. A serializer (key: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer / value: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.LongSerializer) is not compatible to the actual key or value type (key type: org.apache.kafka.streams.kstream.Windowed / value type: java.lang.Long). Change the default Serdes in StreamConfig or provide correct Serdes via method parameters (for example if using the DSL, `#to(String topic, Produced<K, V> produced)` with `Produced.keySerde(WindowedSerdes.timeWindowedSerdeFrom(String.class))`).

A: The result of windowedBy plus count() is a key-value pair with type <Windowed<String>, Long> and thus you need to set a different serde in to() via Produced parameter. By default, the serdes from the config will be used that it seems you set to StringSerde/StringSerde and those obviously don't match the output topic key/value types.
Kafka Streams ships with built-in serdes for windowed types that you can get via Serdes factory class.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A Sexy Taste of Reef's Guardian
Sep 12, 2011 Filed under: book release, erotica, m/m, paranormal, shapeshifter
Welcome to Monday! To make the start of the week sexier, I've got another excerpt to share from Reef's Guardian…..
Wet: Reef's Guardian by Silvia Violet
Brett Leland serves as the director of an underwater research station located near one of the world's last healthy coral reefs. His life's work is focused on protecting the reef and discovering why it has remained healthy as others are failing. But his university plans to sell the research station, and someone is trying to sabotage his final mission.
Setiwan Maramis is one of the legendary shape shifting guardians of the reef. He's been watching Brett since the scientist first came to the station, and he wants Brett as both an ally and a lover. He is forbidden to reveal himself to humans, but when an enemy puts Brett's life in danger, Setiwan follows his heart rather than the dictates of his people.
Setiwan pumped his arm-like fins and hovered near the corner of his tank. He'd spent the last few hours making a careful study of the lab and listening to the researchers as they worked around him. As he expected, all the animals Brett Leland and his research team had collected for study were well cared for.
Those who were able to communicate with Guardians let him know that while they longed to get back to the ocean, the humans hadn't harmed them.
He swam over to a fake green fungus coral and practiced manipulating the color of his skin until he blended in with the coral. Then he tried the same trick next to a yellow sea fan. Guardians had the ability to take on the form of any reef dwelling animal, but Setiwan preferred cuttlefish. He enjoyed the complexity of their thought patterns and their seductive ability to shift the color of their skin at will. He'd practiced the color strobing technique enough to use it in his human form. He intended to wow Brett with it later.
He wasn't certain Brett was gay. But the researcher had never shown any interest in the beautiful woman, Sophia, who worked with him despite her obvious crush on him. In Seti's mind this meant he was either gay or way too nice. But gay or straight, Setiwan was determined to have his scientist. He could take on a female form if he must though he much preferred sex as a man. And pounding Brett's ass until he screamed Seti's name had featured in his fantasies regularly since Seti first saw him.
After getting Setiwan and the other cuttlefish settled in their tank, Brett had gone for another dive with one of the professors on his team, Andy he believed the man's name was. Setiwan heard a splash and turned toward the wet room door. He saw two divers hoist themselves out of the water. It must be Brett and Andy; as far as he knew the other four researchers were all in the bunk room. Sophia had come out several minutes before to check the readings for the generator and air purification system and to feed some of the fish, but she'd returned to the other side of the station.
A moment later, the two men opened the door separating the wet room from the lab and placed a tank holding some anemones and clown fish on the floor of the lab. Then they both removed their scuba gear, and Andy stripped down to the Speedo he wore under his dive suit. "I'm headed to bed if you're sure you don't need me."
Brett glanced at the clock. It was nearly eleven. It was easy to lose all track of day and night living underwater. "That's fine. I want to get these fish settled into their tanks anyway. We all need some rest. I'll brief everyone over breakfast at seven."
The man nodded and headed toward the bunk room. Once Brett put the clown fish and anemones in a tank, he returned to the wet room. Setiwan swam to the far end of his tank where he could still see Brett clearly. Brett stripped off his dive suit, pushing the wet material slowly down his body. Air flowed faster through Setiwan's gills, and his body displayed a dizzying swirl of colors as he watched the object of his desire reveal the gorgeous body he'd salivated over for weeks.
He'd often watched Brett at night as he stood at the observation window in board shorts or pajama pants. Brett's arms and shoulders were beautifully sculpted. His chest was mostly hairless, but a tantalizing treasure trail disappeared beneath the waist of his pants. Setiwan often imagined kissing through the soft hair and sliding his tongue along Brett's waistband as he pushed his pants down over his hips. Then he would take Brett's cock in his mouth, tasting him and breathing in his scent.
Now he watched, mesmerized, as Brett pushed his wetsuit over his slim hips. He bent to push the suit down his leg, temporarily hiding his cock from view but treating Seti to the amazing sight of his tight muscular ass and his sac hanging between his legs. Seti wanted to leap out of the tank, shift to human form, and show Brett what he could do to that hot ass.
Brett pulled his dive suit over his feet and hung it to dry. Then he turned and Setiwan got a full frontal view. Even after the chill water, his cock was impressively thick where it lay nestled on his balls. Seti wanted to take it in his mouth and feel it harden as he sucked, licked, kissed. He forgot how to move his fins for a moment and nearly slammed into the side of the tank.
Brett grabbed a pair of board shorts off a hook and pulled them on. He frowned as he watched the tank containing the cuttlefish. The one who'd led him on a chase looked like he'd forgotten how to swim. Brett bent down and studied the creature more closely. He seemed all right now. Maybe Brett had startled him.
Once he was confident that the cuttlefish was swimming fine again, Brett checked the monitors for the power and life support systems. All readouts registered in the normal range. He sat down and turned his chair to face the observation window. He watched the fish, rays, and eels swim back and forth and his mind drifted once again to the mystery man who'd haunted his dreams since his last excursion here. His hand dropped to his cock, already semi-hard from the images in his mind. He lazily slid his hand up and down over the cotton fabric of his shorts. His cock hardened fully as he replayed his most recent dream.
The beautiful man with the long, silvery blond hair stood naked in the doorway of the bunk room. The other researchers had vanished. The man strode over to Brett's bunk and climbed in on top of him. Brett was suddenly naked too. And the man was kissing him, licking him, biting him, making him lose himself to passion in a way he hadn't in a long time.
Damn. He hadn't meant to let his thoughts travel along this line, but in these cramped quarters privacy was nonexistent and need built over the course of an expedition. He listened carefully. Not hearing a sound from the bunk room, feeling like a horny teenager, he decided to risk it…
Tags: Changeling Press, coral reef, erotic romance, erotica, gay erotica, gay romance, m/m, m/m erotica, m/m romance, paranormal, paranormal romance, shapeshifter
One Response | TrackBack URL | Comments Feed
BSnow says:
Very hot! I'm not a huge fan of fantasy, but this story sounds great — there's enough of the real world in it for me. And I've always been a sucker for blonds. 😉

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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American Monsters Part. 1
American Monsters Part 1, volume 5 of the series overall, covers southern and central America and American territories and includes a number of translated stories because of the prevalence of latinate languages in the region.
Cover art by Daniele Serra
Liliana Colanzi: «The Wave»
Santiago Santos: «A Carpet Sewn With Skeletons»
Sabrina Vourvoulias: «Time's Up, Cerotes»
Ramiro Sanchiz: «The Pearl»
Paula Andrade: «Almamula»
Cesar Alcázar and Eduardo Monteiro (art): «Cerro Bravo» (graphic story)
Christopher Kastensmidt: «A Parlous Battle»
Mariela Pappas: «The Eyes of a Wolf»
Solange Rodriguez Pappe: «The Entangler»
Daniel Salvo: «Jaar, Jaar, Jaar»
Flavia Rizental: «My Name is Iara»
Gustavo Bondoni: «Vulnerable Populations»
Fabio Fernandes: «The Emptiness in the Heart of All Things»
Paula Andrade: «La Perla del Plata» (graphic story)
Teresa Mira de Echeverria: «Lakuma»
Illustrations by Paula Andrade, Lynda Bruce, and Kieran Walsh.
Opening Paragraphs
The Wave by Liliana Colanzi
Translated by Jessica Sequeira
The Wave returned during one of the fiercest winters on the East Coast. That year seven students committed suicide between November and April: four threw themselves into gullies from the bridges of Ithaca, the rest turned to the blurry dream of drugs. It was my second year at Cornell and there were still three or four more to go, or maybe five or six. But it was all the same. In Ithaca all the days merged into the same day.
The Wave always arrived the same way: without any warning. Couples fought, psychopaths waited in alleyways, the youngest students let themselves be dragged down by the voices whispering spirals in their ears. What did they say? You'll never be good enough for this place. You'll be the shame of your family. That kind of thing. The city was possessed by a strange vibration. In the mornings I'd put on astronaut boots to go shovel the snow piling up like one castle above another, so that the mailman could reach my door. From the porch I could see the Wave embracing the city with its long pale arms. The whiteness refracted all visions, amplifying the voices of the dead and the tracks of the deer migrating toward the false safety of the forest. The old Dream had returned to visit me several nights, images of hell I won't say a single word more about. I cried every day. I couldn't read, I couldn't write, I could hardly get out of bed.
The Wave had arrived and I, who had spent the last few years going from one country to another fleeing from it—as if it were possible to hide from its icy embrace—stopped in front of the mirror to remind myself for the last time that reality is the reflection in the glass and not what hides behind it. This is me, I told myself. I'm still on this side of things, refining my senses. I'm just overwhelmed by the imminent feeling of something I have already lived through many times.
And I sat down to wait.
"A wonderfully eclectic and compelling monster anthology that offers fresh, and often subversive perspectives on the weird, the dark, and the scary. The stories in American Monsters bristle with fangs and claws, introducing us to creatures that are formidable and terrifying, often ancient, and often dangerously capricious. Prowling the outskirts of society and the fringes of reality, many of these monsters live among the poor and the oppressed, and end up using their otherworldly powers to frighten, devour, or punish the oppressors. This is visceral, gripping, and satisfying horror with monsters that will get under your skin to haunt your dreams and your nightmares."
Maria Haskins, writer and translator with speculative fiction in numerous anthologies and magazines. Blogs about science fiction and fantasy for Barnes and Noble.


The 2018 South African Word of the Year will be revealed on 16 October 2018, World Dictionary Day. These are the shortlisted words for this year.
If you didn't know, there's such a thing as "word of the year". And the candidates have been shortlisted by the Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB).
"The SA Word of the Year need not have been coined within the past twelve months," said PanSALB acting CEO Angelina Netshiheni.
"To qualify for consideration we look for evidence that its usage was on everybody's lips and that its usage has increased significantly across a broad range of media," she added.
PanSALB said the words or phrases were "debated" and their "merits considered" before being put on the shortlist.
The winner will be announced on 16 October 2018, World Dictionary Day. Last year, State Capture (which is on the list again) was named the word of the year.
It beat White Monopoly Capital and Blesser. PanSALB said "state capture" was used 20 231 times, in over 11 000 South African newspaper editions.


V neck wrap dress in polka dot print. Frill detail to front and back at neckline. True wrap and tie style. High low midi skirt, sits just above knee at front. Frill hem to skirt. Sleeveless style. 100% Polyester. Model is 5' 7" and wears size S.
This super flattering style works for any occasion. We love it teamed with a sandal for a beach to bar look, or worn with a red lip and heels for a special occasion.


and giving me a bell to ring.
welcome from the blue breath of God.
of three kindred souls into four.
This entry was posted in Excerpts from Book 23 "The Poetry of Allison Grayhurst - completed works from 1988 to 2017 (Volume 2 of 5)", Excerpts from Book 5 "Into My Mortal" Edge Unlimited Publishing (2004), Poems Published and tagged Allison Grayhurst, children, philosophical, poetry, spiritual. Bookmark the permalink.


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Snow: Korean SnapChat Clone Offers Selfie Filters Overload; Fun Camera App
By Benjie Batanes , Jul 19, 2016 06:10 AM EDT
Snow is the Korean version and actual clone of SnapChat. It has all the same features but offers more Selfie filters than you can handle.
The developer is a Korean software firm called Naver. This is the same company which also created the LINE messenger, according to The Verge. One could hardly tell the difference between Snow and SnapChat.
Snow differs slightly on one feature though. In contrast to SnapChat's self-destructing stories after 24 hours, Snow's will disappear after three days. This can be an advantage to users who are slow in reading their messages.
Snow may also have copied the Boomerang feature from Instagram. One of its filters has a GIF Maker that shares similar functions. The SnapChat copycat has been released on September of last year. So far, it has been downloaded more than 30 million times mostly from China and other Asian countries. Incidentally, SnapChat is not allowed in China but Snow is.
Even SnapChat users can find Snow useful in uploading their wacky selfies. A video created in Snow and saved in the user's smartphone could be uploaded in SnapChat. Selfie photos in Snow could instantly be shared through the Instagram and Facebook buttons.
Experts think that Snow developers are more intent in making it a selfie camera app than compete with SnapChat as a social network program. However, copycat apps like Snow are more popular than SnapChat in the Asian market.
SnapChat is certainly a success story in the United States and other western countries but not in Asia, according to The New York Times. It has become easier for Asian developers to create their own apps and expand in markets that are unreachable to Western companies.
China is a good example. Many Western apps are banned in that country. But this is good news for many Asian developers who are more than willing to serve the needs of more than 700 million Internet users.
TAG Snow, snapchat, Snow v SnapChat, selfie filter, Naver, LINE Messenger


text:
Q: Visual Studio - How to change default C++ file name from "Source.cpp" to "main.cpp" When I go to add a new item in my Visual Studio C++ project

'Add New Item' -> 'C++ File'

The file name always defaults to Source.cpp.

I don't like that name, and I find myself changing it all the time to main.cpp.

Is there any way to change this?


text:
La baronia de Mur, també anomenada de Mur d'Alzina, és una de les baronies històriques del Pallars Jussà, juntament amb les d'Abella, Bellera, Erill i Orcau.

Centrada en el castell de Mur, incloïa els següents pobles o caseries i parròquies: Mur, que n'era la capital, Alzina, Beniure, Cellers, Collmorter, les Esplugues, les Espones, Estorm, Guàrdia de Noguera, el Meüll, Moror, Puigcercós, Santa Llúcia de Mur, entre altres.

Els Mur foren una extensa família a l'edat mitjana, que deixaren empremta, en els pobles pallaresos. Primer foren castlans, sota el senyoriu del comte pallarès corresponent. Foren de Mur tots els senyors entre, almenys, el  i 1576: Arnau, fill dels comtes Ramon V i Valença de Tost, Pere, que ho era el 1100, Acard, que fou un dels signataris del jurament de Pau i Treva entre el comte de Pallars Jussà i el bisbe d'Urgell, Bernat, que el 1194 cedí al rei els castells de Puigcercós i Prissa i fou paborde de Santa Maria de Mur, Acard, que recuperà Puigcercós, un tercer Acard, fill de l'anterior, que ho era el 1284, un quart Acard, baró de Mur el 1300, Simó, mort al Rosselló el 1354 en la guerra entre Pere el Cerimoniós i el rei de Mallorques, el seu fill Dalmau, conseller del Cerimoniós, Lluís, que era també baró d'Albi i de Cervià i traslladà la seva residència a Barcelona (a la plaça de Santa Anna) i Hug, darrer membre de la nissaga dels Mur.

Dels anteriors, els més destacats foren:
 Bernat de Mur, que estudià dret a Bolonya i arribà a bisbe de Vic; fou molt amic de Sant Ramon de Penyafort, i era una persona amant de l'art i de la cultura. Morí a Barcelona el 1264;
 Guillem de Mur, destacat trobador del qual s'ha conservat un sirventès dedicat a Jaume I;
 Dalmau de Mur i de Cervelló, eclesiàstic que fou bisbe de Girona, arquebisbe de Tarragona i arquebisbe de Saragossa, canceller de la Corona d'Aragó i va intervenir decisivament a les Corts del 1430 i del 1452. Gran amant, també, de l'art i de la cultura, protegí nombrosos artistes i feu sovint de mecenes. Essent bisbe de Girona promogué la construcció a nau única de la Seu de Girona.

El 1576 s'extingí la línia sucessòria masculina, i Brianda de Mur, la darrera de la nissaga, aportà la baronia com a dot en el seu casament amb l'hereu dels Carròs d'Arborea, dels quals, al  mateix, passà als Maça de Liçana, senyors de Moixent. El 1576 la baronia fou dividida entre els dos descendents directes més propers: els germans Pere i Isabel Maça de Liçana Carròs d'Arborea. El títol, indivís, passà per un costat als Cascante, als Portugal i als Silva, que foren després Ducs d'Híjar, i per l'altre, als Caçador, als Cellerés, als Oliver i als Fors.

Bibliografia

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Comtat de Pallars
Castell de Mur
Mur

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