Project Management by Gary and Larson. ... Chap 4 Defining A Project 1. ... Matrix for the Conveyor Belt ProjectResponsibility Matrix for the Conveyor Belt ProjectResponsibility Matrix for the Conveyor Belt Project FIGURE 4.10 Recommended Teacher Tips. Online Course - LinkedIn Learning.
Conveyor Belt Project Larson Part 5 Help Gulin Stone . Urethane conveyor belt scraper,US $ 1.85 3.5 / Piece, Mini Conveyor Belt For Stone Crusher, erik larson project management conveyor belt project part 4 . More Details. Create a project charter and a project scope statement based.
conveyor belt project larson part 5 help. where to purchase bucyrus conveyor idlers – Grinding where to purchase bucyrus conveyor idlers conveyor belt project larson part 5 help Gulin stone crusher . Details; bucyrus conveyor belt systems wielerschoolaalst.be.
Conveyor Belt Project. Part 1. Project Description. The new computer-controlled conveyor belt is an exciting project that moves and positions items on the conveyor belt within ,1 millimeter. The project will produce a new system for future installations, and for replacement of those in the field, at a low cost.
Industrial Conveyor Belt has a wide range of us By using Conveyor Belt, You not only help save the environment, but it lasts a lifetime due to its original purpose. 1 Answer to i need answers to the conveyor belt project part 5 and 6 with their microsoft project files(mpp) files i am also attaching the part 5 mpp files and .
Part A of Part 3 of the Conveyor Belt Project. Your deliverables are: 1) ... Larson:208 TWO Computer Project Exercises In developing the exercises, trade-offs had to be made to enrich the learning ... there is an acute shortage of personnel at ARC he requests that you only use additional manpower that will help meet the new deadline.
View Homework Help - conveyor belt part 3 memo from PROJECT MA QSO-640 at Southern New Hampshire University. QSO 680 Seminar in Project Management Conveyor Belt Project Memo (part 3) 1. Which if any ... QSO 680 Seminar in Project Management Conveyor Belt Project Memo (part 3) 1.
erik larson project management conveyor belt project part Conveyor Belt Project Part 3 Gray Larson Grinding. The Conveyor Belt Project Project Management Larson. conveyor belt project larson part 5 help 3rd edition Clifford Gray and Erik Larson.
The Conveyor Solutions, Inc. expert project management team can assist with any project no matter how big or ... conveyor belt project larson part 5 help ... Contact Supplier ... Conveyor Belt Project Part 4 conveyor belt project gray larson Solution for ... Contact Supplier Conveyor Belt Project Part 2 (Project Management) Essay.
Belt Conveyor The belt conveyor is an endless belt moving over two end pulleys at fixed positions and used for transporting material horizontally or at an incline up or down. The main components of a belt conveyor are: 1. The belt that forms the moving and supporting surface on which the conveyed material rides. It is the tractive element.


text:
Genesis, the Story of Apollo 8
Capitalism in Space
The Chronological Encyclopedia of Discoveries in Space
The Universe in a Mirror
Circuit Hikes of Southern Arizona
Essay & Commentary Archive
The Evening Pause
Points of Information
Important Space Watch columns
The last column: History's moment of truth
Past Appearances prior to 2015
Climate and Sun science bibliography
Gunmen attack free-speech event in Copenhagen
February 14, 2015 at 5:49 pm Robert Zimmerman	Points of Information
The religion of peace strikes again: At a free-speech event in Copenhagen — organized by backers of one of the cartoonists who ridiculed Mohammad — masked gunmen unleashed a hail of bullets, killing one and wounding three.
The French ambassador was there and has reported that this was clearly a terrorist attack similar to the murderous attack on the offices of the magazine Charlie Hebdo.
Update: Three people are wounded when a gunman fired shots at a Copenhagen synagogue. It is not yet clear if this attack is linked to the attack above.
Obama would claim these are all random attacks. But then, delusional people will believe anything.
In related news, Islamic terrorists attacked a polio vaccination team in Pakistan, killing one and wounding another. The article also reports that in a separate incident two polio workers and two security guards have gone missing.
At what point will our intellectual elites get their heads out of their asses and recognize the war that Islam is waging on the free world?
3 comments	Charlie Hebdo, Copenhagen, Denmark, free speech, freedom, government, islam, oppression, Pakistan, policy, polio, politics, speech, Taliban
Regular readers can support Behind The Black with a contribution via paypal:
Or with a subscription with regular donations from your Paypal or credit card account:
Option 1 : $2.00USD - monthly Option 2 : $5.00USD - monthly Option 3 : $10.00USD - monthly Option 4 : $15.00USD - monthly
If Paypal doesn't work for you, you can support Behind The Black by sending your donation by check, payable to Robert Zimmerman, to
c/o Robert Zimmerman
Cortaro, AZ 85652
A riveting new science fiction book by Robert Zimmerman that captures the heart of the human spirit, willing to push forward no matter the odds, no matter the cost.
Available everywhere for $3.99 (before discount) at amazon, Barnes & Noble, all ebook vendors, or direct from my ebook publisher, ebookit.
So now I stand on earthside shore,
And wonder what I am.
I must go out and find my home.
The journey's what I am.
O Pioneer! O Pioneer!
Where do you go from here?
The stars are far too near.
The ebook edition of Genesis: the Story of Apollo 8 includes a foreword by Valerie Anders and a new introduction by Robert Zimmerman.
Available everywhere for $5.99 (before discount) at amazon, Barnes & Noble, all ebook vendors, or direct from the publisher, Mountain Lake Press.
"Not simply about one mission, [Genesis] is also the history of America's quest for the moon… Zimmerman has done a masterful job of tying disparate events together into a solid account of one of America's greatest human triumphs."
–San Antonio Express-News
Last 5 Essays & Commentaries
The long term ramifications of SpaceX's crew Dragon on the future of the human race
Curiosity climbs a hill
Sunspot update: The record flatline continues
The state of the global rocket industry in 2019
Repost: The real meaning of the Apollo 8 Earthrise image
Behind The Black Archives
Essays and Commentaries
Archives Select Month January 2020 (90) December 2019 (125) November 2019 (127) October 2019 (170) September 2019 (146) August 2019 (176) July 2019 (180) June 2019 (156) May 2019 (135) April 2019 (161) March 2019 (152) February 2019 (170) January 2019 (167) December 2018 (121) November 2018 (166) October 2018 (179) September 2018 (149) August 2018 (181) July 2018 (162) June 2018 (174) May 2018 (159) April 2018 (139) March 2018 (148) February 2018 (121) January 2018 (154) December 2017 (147) November 2017 (156) October 2017 (201) September 2017 (196) August 2017 (150) July 2017 (177) June 2017 (166) May 2017 (166) April 2017 (125) March 2017 (156) February 2017 (146) January 2017 (175) December 2016 (180) November 2016 (145) October 2016 (173) September 2016 (205) August 2016 (171) July 2016 (191) June 2016 (214) May 2016 (165) April 2016 (173) March 2016 (189) February 2016 (126) January 2016 (116) December 2015 (115) November 2015 (125) October 2015 (156) September 2015 (138) August 2015 (129) July 2015 (153) June 2015 (152) May 2015 (143) April 2015 (157) March 2015 (182) February 2015 (153) January 2015 (163) December 2014 (141) November 2014 (131) October 2014 (186) September 2014 (206) August 2014 (222) July 2014 (190) June 2014 (184) May 2014 (151) April 2014 (159) March 2014 (136) February 2014 (165) January 2014 (169) December 2013 (218) November 2013 (199) October 2013 (246) September 2013 (179) August 2013 (149) July 2013 (140) June 2013 (153) May 2013 (232) April 2013 (129) March 2013 (182) February 2013 (142) January 2013 (167) December 2012 (141) November 2012 (141) October 2012 (190) September 2012 (223) August 2012 (291) July 2012 (234) June 2012 (235) May 2012 (264) April 2012 (178) March 2012 (268) February 2012 (242) January 2012 (270) December 2011 (319) November 2011 (240) October 2011 (201) September 2011 (235) August 2011 (243) July 2011 (264) June 2011 (296) May 2011 (242) April 2011 (211) March 2011 (323) February 2011 (312) January 2011 (268) December 2010 (307) November 2010 (261) October 2010 (260) September 2010 (203) August 2010 (207) July 2010 (207) June 2010 (18) May 2010 (1) February 2010 (1) December 2009 (1) October 2009 (2) August 2009 (1) June 2009 (1) May 2009 (3) April 2009 (2) October 2008 (1) July 2008 (1) May 2008 (1) February 2007 (1) July 2006 (1) December 2005 (1) October 2005 (1) June 2005 (1) May 2005 (4) April 2005 (4) March 2005 (5) February 2005 (5) January 2005 (5) December 2004 (6) November 2004 (5) August 2004 (2) May 2004 (1) April 2004 (1) March 2004 (1) September 2003 (2) October 2002 (1) April 2002 (2) March 2002 (1) December 2001 (1) October 2001 (2) September 2001 (1) June 2001 (1) May 2001 (2) April 2001 (1) October 2000 (2) August 2000 (1) June 2000 (1) May 2000 (2) February 2000 (1) January 2000 (2) November 1999 (1) August 1999 (2) February 1999 (1) December 1998 (4) November 1998 (1) October 1998 (1) September 1998 (1) April 1998 (2) March 1998 (1) December 1997 (1) November 1997 (1) October 1997 (2) August 1997 (3) July 1997 (1) June 1997 (1) April 1997 (3) February 1997 (1) October 1996 (1) September 1996 (1) August 1996 (2) June 1996 (1) April 1996 (1) February 1996 (1) August 1995 (1) April 1995 (1) March 1995 (1) December 1994 (1) October 1994 (1) August 1994 (1) June 1994 (2) April 1994 (1) March 1994 (1) February 1994 (1) January 1994 (1) October 1993 (2) June 1993 (1) January 1993 (1) August 1992 (1) June 1992 (1) May 1992 (1) April 1992 (1) March 1992 (1) December 1991 (1) September 1991 (1) March 1991 (1) August 1990 (1) December 1989 (1) October 1989 (1) May 1989 (1) July 1986 (1) May 1986 (1)
Recent And Upcoming Appearances
Radio: every Tuesday, and Thursday on the John Batchelor Show, syndicated nationally. Appearance times and days may vary, depending on events.
Radio: regular appearances on Coast to Coast with George Noory, acting as the show's science advisor.
Radio: January 3, 2020, the John Batchelor Show, syndicated nationally. Also available here and here.
Radio: January 7, 2020, 12:00 pm to 2:00 am (Pacific), Coast to Coast with George Noory.
Radio: January 10, 2020, the John Batchelor Show, syndicated nationally. Also available here and here.
Radio: January 20, 2020, 6:05-6:30 pm (Central), Pratt on Texas with Robert Pratt, aired on 790-AM KFYO in Lubbock, 1470-AM KYYW in Abilene, and 1290-AM KWFS in Wichita Falls.
Radio: February 4, 2020, 7:00-9:00 pm (Pacific), The Space Show with David Livingston..
Radio: February 16, 2020, 6:00-8:00 pm (Eastern), Task Force Gryphon on Kgra Radio.
I welcome all opinions, even those that strongly criticize my commentary.
However, name-calling and obscenities will not be tolerated. First time offenders who are new to the site will be warned. Second time offenders or first time offenders who have been here awhile will be suspended for a week. After that, I will ban you. Period.
Robert Zimmerman on The long term ramifications of SpaceX's crew Dragon on the future of the human race
Blair Ivey on The Pretenders – Brass In Pocket
mkent on The long term ramifications of SpaceX's crew Dragon on the future of the human race
Patrick Underwood on The long term ramifications of SpaceX's crew Dragon on the future of the human race
Patrick Underwood on The Pretenders – Brass In Pocket
wayne on Lawsuit against DEA for stealing 79-year-old man's life savings
Richard M on The long term ramifications of SpaceX's crew Dragon on the future of the human race
Aggregate news sites
Trending Politics
Badblue
The Liberty Daily
Aggregate Science News Sites
Science/AAAS News
SpaceDaily
Transterrestrial Musings
HobbySpace.com
Spaceflight Now
Roy Spencer, Ph. D.
The Emoluments of Mars
SpaceRef.com
Limited time offer for Behind The Black visitors Click Here for info
Site & Hosting by Amixa | Sitemap

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Visits since July 2002
version 2.2.0 by
Ragib Hasan
This article is hosted at http://netfiles.uiuc.edu/rhasan/linux
Translations: [Hebrew] | [Bulgarian] [Japanese] [Chinese] [Romanian] [Portuguese]
a. In The Beginning
b. New Baby in the horizon
c. Confrontation and development
d. A Decade of Linux
e. Tux: The Spirit of Linux
f. Some Linux Cookies
g. Timeline
h. Links
i. Acknowledgments
It was 1991, and the ruthless agonies of the cold war were gradually coming to an end. There was an air of peace and tranquility that prevailed in the horizon. In the field of computing, a great future seemed to be in the offing, as powerful hardware pushed the limits of the computers beyond what anyone expected.
But still, something was missing.
And it was the none other than the Operating Systems, where a great void seemed to have appeared.
For one thing, DOS was still reigning supreme in its vast empire of personal computers. Bought by Bill Gates from a Seattle hacker for $50,000, the bare bones operating system had sneaked into every corner of the world by virtue of a clever marketing strategy. PC users had no other choice. Apple Macs were better, but with astronomical prices that nobody could afford, they remained a horizon away from the eager millions.
The other dedicated camp of computing was the Unixworld. But Unix itself was far more expensive. In quest of big money, the Unix vendors priced it high enough to ensure small PC users stayed away from it. The source code of Unix, once taught in universities courtesy of Bell Labs, was now cautiously guarded and not published publicly. To add to the frustration of PC users worldwide, the big players in the software market failed to provide an efficient solution to this problem.
A solution seemed to appear in form of MINIX. It was written from scratch by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, a US-born Dutch professor who wanted to teach his students the inner workings of a real operating system. It was designed to run on the Intel 8086 microprocessors that had flooded the world market.
As an operating system, MINIX was not a superb one. But it had the advantage that the source code was available. Anyone who happened to get the book 'Operating Systems: Design and Implementation' by Tanenbaum could get hold of the 12,000 lines of code, written in C and assembly language. For the first time, an aspiring programmer or hacker could read the source codes of the operating system, which to that time the software vendors had guarded vigorously. A superb author, Tanenbaum captivated the brightest minds of computer science with the elaborate and immaculately lively discussion of the art of creating a working operating system. Students of Computer Science all over the world pored over the book, reading through the codes to understand the very system that runs their computer.
And one of them was Linus Torvalds.
In 1991, Linus Benedict Torvalds was a second year student of Computer Science at the University of Helsinki and a self-taught hacker. The 21 year old sandy haired soft-spoken Finn loved to tinker with the power of the computers and the limits to which the system can be pushed. But all that was lacking was an operating system that could meet the demands of the professionals. MINIX was good, but still it was simply an operating system for the students, designed as a teaching tool rather than an industry strength one.
At that time, programmers worldwide were greatly inspired by the GNU project by Richard Stallman, a software movement to provide free and quality software. Revered as a cult hero in the realm of computing, Stallman started his awesome career in the famous Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT, and during the mid and late seventies, created the Emacs editor. In the early eighties, commercial software companies lured away much of the brilliant programmers of the AI lab, and negotiated stringent nondisclosure agreements to protect their secrets. But Stallman had a different vision. His idea was that unlike other products, software should be free from restrictions against copying or modification in order to make better and efficient computer programs. With his famous 1983 manifesto that declared the beginnings of the GNU project, he started a movement to create and distribute softwares that conveyed his philosophy (Incidentally, the name GNU is a recursive acronym which actually stands for 'GNU is Not Unix'). But to achieve this dream of ultimately creating a free operating system, he needed to create the tools first. So, beginning in 1984, Stallman started writing the GNU C Compiler(GCC), an amazing feat for an individual programmer. With his legendary technical wizardry, he alone outclassed entire groups of programmers from commercial software vendors in creating GCC, considered as one of the most efficient and robust compilers ever created.
Richard Stallman, father of the GNU Project
By 1991, the GNU project created a lot of the tools. The much awaited Gnu C compiler was available by then, but there was still no operating system. Even MINIX had to be licensed.(Later, in April 2000, Tanenbaum released Minix under the BSD License.) Work was going the GNU kernel HURD, but that was not supposed to come out within a few years.
That was too much of a delay for Linus.
In August 25, 1991 the historic post was sent to the MINIX news group by Linus …..
From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds)
Newsgroups: comp.os.minix
Subject: What would you like to see most in minix?
Summary: small poll for my new operating system
Message-ID: <1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.Helsinki.FI>
Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT
Organization: University of Helsinki Hello everybody out there using minix –
I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and
professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing
since april, and is starting to get ready.I'd like any feedback on
things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat
(same physical layout of the file-system(due to practical reasons)
among other things). I've currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40),and
things seem to work.This implies that I'll get something practical within a
few months, andI'd like to know what features most people would want. Any
suggestions are welcome, but I won't promise I'll implement them 🙂
Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)
PS. Yes – it's free of any minix code, and it has a multi-threaded fs.
It is NOT protable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never
will support anything other than AT-harddisks, as that's
all I have :-(.
As it is apparent from the posting, Linus himself didn't believe that his creation was going to be big enough to change computing forever. Linux version 0.01 was released by mid September 1991, and was put on the net. Enthusiasm gathered around this new kid on the block, and codes were downloaded, tested, tweaked, and returned to Linus. 0.02 came on October 5th, along with this famous declaration from Linus:
Subject: Free minix-like kernel sources for 386-AT
Message-ID: <1991Oct5.054106.4647@klaava.Helsinki.FI>
Date: 5 Oct 91 05:41:06 GMT
Organization: University of Helsinki
Do you pine for the nice days of minix-1.1, when men were men and wrote their own device drivers?
Are you without a nice project and just dying to cut your teeth on a OS you can try to modify for your
needs? Are you finding it frustrating when everything works on minix? No more all-nighters to get a nifty program working? Then this post might be just for you 🙂
As I mentioned a month(?)ago, I'm working on a free version of a minix-lookalike for AT-386 computers. It has
finally reached the stage where it's even usable (though may not be depending on
what you want), and I am willing to put out the sources for wider distribution. It is just version 0.02 (+1 (very
small) patch already), but I've successfully run bash/gcc/gnu-make/gnu-sed/compress etc under it.
Sources for this pet project of mine can be found at nic.funet.fi (128.214.6.100) in the directory /pub/OS/Linux.
The directory also contains some README-file and a couple of binaries to work under linux
(bash, update and gcc, what more can you ask for :-). Full kernel source is provided, as no minix code has been
used. Library sources are only partially free, so that cannot be distributed currently. The system is able to compile
"as-is" and has been known to work. Heh. Sources to the binaries (bash and gcc) can be found at the
same place in /pub/gnu.
Linux version 0.03 came in a few weeks. By December came version 0.10. Still Linux was little more than in skeletal form. It had only support for AT hard disks, had no login ( booted directly to bash). version 0.11 was much better with support for multilingual keyboards, floppy disk drivers, support for VGA,EGA, Hercules etc. The version numbers went directly from 0.12 to 0.95 and 0.96 and so on. Soon the code went worldwide via ftp sites at Finland and elsewhere.
c. Confrontation & Development
Linus displays Linux running on a notebook pc
Soon Linus faced some confrontation from none other than Andrew Tanenbaum, the great teacher who wrote MINIX. In a post to Linus, Tanenbaum commented:
"I still maintain the point that designing a monolithic kernel in 1991 is a fundamental error. Be thankful you are not my student. You would not get a high grade for such a design :-)"
(Andrew Tanenbaum to Linus Torvalds)
Linus later admitted that it was the worst point of his development of Linux. Tanenbaum was certainly the famous professor, and anything he said certainly mattered. But he was wrong with Linux, for Linus was one stubborn guy who won't admit defeat.
Tanenbaum also remarked that : "Linux is obsolete".
Now was the turn for the new Linux generation. Backed by the strong Linux community, Linus gave a reply to Tanenbaum which seems to be most fitting:
Your job is being a professor and researcher: That's one hell of a good excuse for some of the brain-damages of minix.
(Linus Torvalds to Andrew Tanenbaum)
And work went on. Soon more than a hundred people joined the Linux camp. Then thousands. Then hundreds of thousands. This was no longer a hackers toy. Powered by a plethora of programs from the GNU project, Linux was ready for the actual showdown. It was licensed under GNU General Public License, thus ensuring that the source codes will be free for all to copy, study and to change. Students and computer programmers grabbed it.
Soon, commercial vendors moved in. Linux itself was, and is free. What the vendors did was to compile up various software and gather them in a distributable format, more like the other operating systems with which people were more familiar. Red Hat , Caldera, and some other companies gained substantial amount of response from the users worldwide. While these were commercial ventures, dedicated computer programmers created their very own volunteer-based distribution, the famed Debian. With the new Graphical User Interfaces (like X-window System, KDE, GNOME)the Linux distributions became very popular.
Meanwhile, there were amazing things happening with Linux. Besides the PC, Linux was ported to many different platforms. Linux was tweaked to run 3Com's handheld PalmPilot computer. Clustering technology enabled large number of Linux machines to be combined into a single computing entity, a parallel computer. In April 1996, researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory used Linux to run 68 PCs as a single parallel processing machine to simulate atomic shock waves. But unlike other Supercomputers costing a fortune, it was rather cheap. The do-it-yourself supercomputer cost only $152,000, including labor (connecting the 68 PCs with cables)-about one tenth the price of a comparable commercial machine. It reached a peak speed of 19 billion calculations per second, making it the 315th most powerful supercomputer in the world. And it was a robust one too. Three months later it still didn't have to be rebooted.
A Beaming Linus Today
The best thing about Linux today is the fanatic following it commands. Whenever a new piece of hardware is out, Linux kernel is tweaked to take advantage of it. For example, within weeks after the introduction of Intel Xeon® Microprocessor, Linux kernel was tweaked and was ready for it. It has also been adapted for use in Alpha, Mac, PowerPC, and even for palmtops, a feat which is hardly matched by any other operating system. And it continues its journey into the new millennium, with the same enthusiasm that started one fine day back in 1991.
Linus in 2002
As for Linus, he remains a simple man. Unlike Bill Gates, he is not a billionaire. Having completed studies, he moved to USA and landed a job at Transmeta Corporation. After conducting a top-secret research and development project, Transmeta launched the Crusoe™ processor. Linus was an active member of the research team. Recently married to Tove, he is the proud father of a girl, Patricia Miranda Torvalds. But he remains as the world's most favorite and most famous programmer to this date. Revered by Computer communities worldwide, Linus is by far the most popular programmer on this planet.
d. After a Decade: Linux Today
Proving all the warning and prophecies of the skeptics wrong, Linux has completed a decade of development. Today, Linux is one of the fastest growing operating systems in the history. From a few dedicated fanatics in 1991-92 to millions of general users at present, it is certainly a remarkable journey. The big businesses have 'discovered' Linux, and have poured millions of dollars into the development effort, denouncing the anti-business myth of the open-source movement. IBM corp. once considered the archenemy of open-source hacker community, has come forward with a huge fund for development of open source Linux based solutions. But what's really amazing is the continuously increasing band of developers spread throughout the world who work with a fervent zeal to improve upon the features of Linux. The development effort is not, as many closed-sourced advocates accuse, totally engulfed with chaos. A well designed development model supervised by some maintainers is adopted. Along with this, there are thousands of developers working to port various applications to Linux.
Commercial enterprises are no longer wary of Linux. With a large number of vendors providing support for Linux based products, it is no longer a 'do-at-your-own-risk' thing to use Linux at the office. As for reliability, Linux certainly proved it during the nasty attacks of the CIH virus in 1999 and the love bug a year later, during which Linux based machines proved to be immune to the damages caused by these otherwise quite simple computer viruses. Linux startups like Red Hat received a cordial response as they went public. And even after the dot-com bust of the recent years, these companies continue to thrive and grow. With this added confidence, many large and small businesses have adopted Linux based servers and workstations as an integral part of their offices.
Rise of the Desktop Linux
What is the biggest complain against Linux? Perhaps in the past, it was the text based interface which scared off many people from using it. 'Text mode gives total control', some dedicated hackers and heavy users may explain. But for the millions of ordinary people, it also means a lot of effort towards learning the system. The existing X-Window system and the window managers were not up to the general computer users' expectation. Exactly this argument had always been put forward by dedicated followers of the Windows(TM) camp. But things began to change in the last couple of years. The advent of professional looking desktop environments like KDE( K Desktop Environment) and GNOME completed the picture. The recent versions of these desktop environment have changed the general perception about the 'user friendliness' of Linux to a great extent. Though hard-core users grumble about the loss of purity of the hacker-culture, this great change in the mindset of the common users has increased the popularity of Linux.
Today, almost distributions of Linux include user-friendly GUIs. Installation has also become easier. Gone are the days when users would need detailed expertise in computer hardware to install Linux … distributions like Ubuntu, Debian, Suse, Knoppix, and Red Hat's Fedora Core can be installed by even novice users. Most distributions are also available in Live CD format, which the users can just put in their CD drives and boot without installing it to the hard drive, making Linux available to the newbies.
Linux in the Developing World
Perhaps the greatest change is the spread of Linux to the developing world. In the days before Linux, developing countries were way behind in the field of computing. The cost of hardware fell down, but the cost of software was a huge burden to the cash-strapped computer enthusiasts of the Third World countries. In desperation, people resorted to piracy of almost all sorts of software products. This resulted in widespread piracy, amounting to billions of dollars. But then again, the pricetag of most of the commercial products were far beyond the reaches of the people in developing countries. For example, a typical operating system product costs at least US $100 or more. But in countries with per capita incomes of about US$200-300, is a huge amount.
The rise of Linux and other related open source product has changed it all. Since Linux can be scaled to run in almost computer with very few resources, it has become a suitable alternative for low budget computer users. Old, ancient 486/Pentium 1 computers that has become a part of history in the developed world are still used in developing countries. And Linux has enabled to unleash the full potential of these computers. The use of open source software has also proliferated, since the price of software is a big question. In countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, Linux has appeared as a way out for the masses of computer enthusiasts. And a testament to the true global nature of Linux, local customizations were made in obscure parts of the world. The Linux documentation now includes documents written in almost all the major languages … and also many minor ones, for example, Vietnamese.
From Desktop to SuperComputing
When Linux was first envisaged by Linus Torvalds, it was just another hackers hobby. But from the humble Intel 386 machine of Linus that ran the first kernel, Linux has come a long way. Its most notable use now is in the field of massively parallel supercomputing clusters.
In August 2001, BBC reported that the US Government was planning to build what would be a mega computer, capable of performing over 13 trillion calculations per second (13.6 TeraFLOPS). The project, called Teragrid would consist of a connected network of 4 US supercomputing centers. The four labs that are collaborating to create the Teragrid are: National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois(NCSA), San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) at the University of California Argonne National Laboratory in Chicago; California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. At each of these centers, there would be a supercomputer. In total, there would be more than 3000 processors running in parallel to create the Tetragrid.
By 2005, the use of Linux became more prevalent in Supercomputing. The 2005 Top500 list of Supercomputers shows that 4 of the top 5 fastest supercomputers use Linux as their operating system.
The journey of Linux from a hacking project to globalization has been more like an evolutionary experience. The GNU Project, started in the early 1980's by Richard Stallman, laid the foundation for the development of open source software. Prof. Andrew Tanenbaum's Personal Computer operating system Minix brought the study of operating systems from a theoretical basis to a practical one. And finally, Linus Torvald's endless enthusiasm for perfection gave birth to Linux. Throughout the last couple of years, hundreds of thousands of people forming global community nurtured it and brought it to its glorious place in the annals of the computer revolution. Today Linux is not just another student's hacking project, it is a worldwide phenomenon bringing together huge companies like IBM and the countless millions of people throughout the world in the spirit of the open source software movement. In the history of computing, it will forever remain as one of the most amazing endeavors of human achievement.
e. Tux the penguin: Linux's Dear Logo
The logo of Linux is a penguin. Unlike other commercial products of computer operating systems, Linux doesn't have a formidable serious looking symbol. Rather Tux, as the penguin is lovingly called, symbolizes the carefree attitude of the total movement. This cute logo has a very interesting history. As put forward by Linus, initially no logo was selected for Linux. Once Linus went to the southern hemisphere on a vacation. There he encountered a penguin, not unlike the current logo of Linux. As he tried to pat it, the penguin bit his hand. This amusing incident led to the selection of a penguin as the logo of Linux sometime later.
Here are some famous words by Linus himself.
Dijkstra probably hates me
(Linus Torvalds, in kernel/sched.c)
"How should I know if it works? That's what beta testers are for. I only
coded it."
(Attributed to Linus Torvalds, somewhere in a posting)
"I'm an idiot.. At least this one [bug] took about 5 minutes to find.."
(Linus Torvalds in response to a bug report.)
"If you want to travel around the world and be invited to speak at a lot
of different places, just write a Unix operating system."
(By Linus Torvalds)
> > Other than the fact Linux has a cool name, could someone explain why I
> > should use Linux over BSD?
> No. That's it. The cool name, that is. We worked very hard on
> creating a name that would appeal to the majority of people, and it
> certainly paid off: thousands of people are using linux just to be able
> to say "OS/2? Hah. I've got Linux. What a cool name". 386BSD made the
> mistake of putting a lot of numbers and weird abbreviations into the
> name, and is scaring away a lot of people just because it sounds too
> technical.
(Linus Torvalds' follow-up to a question about Linux)
> The day people think linux would be better served by somebody else (FSF
> being the natural alternative), I'll "abdicate". I don't think that
> it's something people have to worry about right now – I don't see it
> happening in the near future. I enjoy doing linux, even though it does
> mean some work, and I haven't gotten any complaints (some almost timid
> reminders about a patch I have forgotten or ignored, but nothing
> negative so far).
> Don't take the above to mean that I'll stop the day somebody complains:
> I'm thick-skinned (Lasu, who is reading this over my shoulder commented
> that "thickheaded is closer to the truth") enough to take some abuse.
> If I weren't, I'd have stopped developing linux the day ast ridiculed me
> on c.o.minix. What I mean is just that while linux has been my baby so
> far, I don't want to stand in the way if people want to make something
> better of it (*).
> (*) Hey, maybe I could apply for a saint-hood from the Pope. Does
> somebody know what his email-address is? I'm so nice it makes you puke.
(Taken from Linus's reply to someone worried about the future of Linux)
`When you say "I wrote a program that crashed Windows", people just stare at
you blankly and say "Hey, I got those with the system, *for free*".'
G. Timeline of Linux History
January 1984 Richard Stallman quits his job at MIT and starts working on the GNU Project.
Month unknown Free Software Foundation, an organization for creating and promoting free software, is founded by Richard Stallman.
March 1985 The GNU manifesto, a statement by Richard Stallman advocating the cause of free software movement, is published in the March 1985 issue of Dr. Dobb's Journal
August 25 1991 Linus conceives the idea of Linux and announces the project in a Usenet Post
September 1991 Version 0.01 is released on the Net
January 1992 First Linux Newsgroup: alt.os.linux founded in the UseNet
April 1992 Ari Lemmke starts the popular Linux newsgroup comp.os.linux in the UseNet
November 1992 Adam Richter announces the release of the first Linux Distribution from his company: Yggdrasil
June 1993 Slackware, the famous Linux distribution is released by Peter Volkerding
August 1993 Matt Welsh releases Linux Installation and getting started: version 1
March 1994 Linux kernel version 1.0 is released
Here are some links on the history of Linux which you may find helpful.
www.linux.org A website with help on Linux related issues.
www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/~torvalds Web site of Linus Torvalds … contains some funny comments and photos of Linus Torvalds and his family. (Linus claims himself to be a www-illiterate 🙂
www.slashdot.org A website devoted to geeks and other tech-minded people. Contains some interesting contemporary and historical information on Linux and other free technologies.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux Wikipedia article on Linux
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU Wikipedia article on the GNU Project
Sponsored links–>
I.Acknowledgments and Copyright
History is always boring, but history of Computing and that of Linux are very interesting. Much of the source of this article has been taken from the Internet. It was inspired by the questions asked by many would be Linux users at meetings and postings of Bangladesh Linux Users Group. Thanks to all.
All materials taken from various sources belong to their respective authors. All trademarks belong to the respective corporations and companies. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft corp.
This article is copyrighted by Ragib Hasan (1999+) and so all rights are reserved. But don't worry, Any part of this article can be reproduced in any form with prior permission of the author which can be obtained for FREE by e-mailing him. Please feel encouraged to spread the spirit of the open source software movement.
For all mistakes and suggestions, please contact me:
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
mail me at ragibhasan aaaaht gmail daaawt com (You know what I mean 😉 )
This article is available at http://ragibhasan.com/linux and http://netfiles.uiuc.edu/rhasan/linux


Morehouse College will host a Town Hall Conversation with executives from Starbucks at 3:45 p.m. today as part of the College's Leadership Lecture Series.
The panel discussion on the role and responsibility of a company in fostering diversity, inclusion, and opportunity will be held at the Ray Charles Performing Arts Center, 900 West End Ave. S.W., Atlanta. The event will be moderated by Morehouse College Professor of Psychology and Associate Provost, David Wall Rice. Starbucks Founder and Executive Chairman, Howard Schultz, and Rosalind Brewer, the corporation's Chief Operating Officer, will be panelists at the Town Hall Conversation.
Morehouse's Leadership Lecture Series is an opportunity for students to learn about business operations from some of the nation's top executives. The Town Hall Conversation is open to students, staff, and faculty of the Atlanta University Center.
The Town Hall will be live-streamed on Morehouse.tv. To register, visit https://bit.ly/2jp5ggM.


0 lanes, providing great graphics performance. Out- of- date drivers are one of the first things to check when a game is having me here, operating systems can cause a variety of issues weird timing. Find download drivers, contact HP Customer Support, tablets, desktops, printers, laptops, including pcs, apps , troubleshooting information for HP products, manuals services. Just says High Definition Audio Controller order part replacements , but yellow bang - can' t ever Direct Request support become certified for your product.
Need intel audio drivers. LGA1156 Intel® Lynnfield Processor Ready. I' m on Windows 8 Pro. This motherboard supports the latest Intel® Lynnfield processors in LGA1156 package which has memory , PCI Express controller integrated to support 2- channel ( 4 DIMMs) DDR3 memory 16 PCI Express 2. - Intel LGA775 Platform - Intel® X38 / ICH9R chipset - Intel® Core™ 2 Extreme / Core™ 2 Quad / Core™ 2 Duo / Pentium® Extreme / Pentium® D / Pentium® 4 Processors. Please do not enter contact information.
Available for PCs PowerVault, SC Series Storage, PS Series , PowerEdge servers Dell EMC Networking. Tried supplied CD, downloaded from Realtek ( 2. 71) and Gigabyte ( 2.
Intel® will be supplying Windows DCH Drivers for its products beginning in November. These drivers will be used for Windows® 10 and Windows* Server and will replace the existing Drivers for FREE from the Web' s largest Driver Database. Since 1996, experts recommend DriverGuide to fix PC problems fast.
Bundled Drivers Available. All the latest Windows 10, 64- bit* drivers for your Intel® NUC Kit DN2820FYKH are available in a single download ( 1034.
Do you need to update INTEL drivers? Here you can find all INTEL device drivers for Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista and XP you want to download.
You can use Driver Doctor to.
View and download specific drivers and software for your system. Support information for Intel® HD Graphics 4400. We appreciate all feedback, but cannot reply or give product support.


text:
Treading Choppy Waters: Cross-Strait Relations in Taiwan's 2020 Presidential Election
China Power | Politics | East Asia
Taiwan's presidential election was heavily influenced by cross-strait relations. What comes next?
By Pam Kennedy for The Diplomat
At Tsai Ing-wen's victory rally, an attendee holds a sign in support of the Hong Kong protests.
Credit: Facebook/ Tsai Ing-wen
Taiwan's contentious presidential race is over, and the incumbent, Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party, has been re-elected with over 8 million votes, a record in Taiwan's history.
With the ongoing Hong Kong protests and the barrage of fake news during the campaigns, the elections were about cross-strait relations more than any other issue. Voters went to the polls to decide between continuing Tsai's arms-length policy approach to China or switching to rival candidate Han Kuo-yu's proposal to renew relations across the strait. They overwhelmingly selected Tsai despite Beijing's warning that cross-strait relations will worsen under a second Tsai administration. Clearly the voters in Taiwan have decided that if relations remain chilly, it will be because Beijing rebuffs Tsai's cautious approach to cross-strait interactions.
The impact of cross-strait issues on the election cannot be understated, particularly because Tsai won the presidency while the DPP lost seven seats (though maintaining a majority) in the Legislative Yuan. The Hong Kong protests, which passed their half-year mark in November 2019, have been interpreted by Taiwanese as a failure of the "one country, two systems" model that Beijing proposes for Taiwan as well. A successful argument of the DPP campaign, bolstered by a late-campaign video, was that the situation in Hong Kong was portentous for Taiwan — a democracy with an expiration date, under siege from the mainland government. It was clear how much the protests rattled Tsai's strong and peripheral supporters, while Han failed to sufficiently temper his China-friendly image to reflect public sentiment. The Hong Kong effect explains Tsai's personal victory despite the DPP's poor performance in the legislative election: public confidence in her cross-strait position pushed her to surpass her 2016 vote count, despite suffering in polls over the past couple of years after controversial legislation like marriage equality, pension reform, and anti-infiltration laws. The sense in Taipei is that Tsai's cross-strait policy has been chosen, not necessarily the DPP's broader domestic platform.
The fake news phenomenon also had a jarring influence on the election. Fake news flooded social media and online forums from sources in inside and outside of Taiwan, and both camps accused the other of wielding fake news too. Analysts of information warfare pointed out that attribution of fake news was difficult to prove with any certainty, but the general perception in Taiwan is that a significant portion of fake news either originated from the mainland or served Beijing's purpose of undermining Taiwan's democracy. At the core of the problem was how fake news in Taiwan exploited and exacerbated cleavages in Taiwan's society to increase distrust of the government and the electoral process and among voters. Whether or not the fake news came from or was funded by mainland actors, the intense debate around fake news and how to combat it to preserve the election's integrity, as well as freedom of speech — a thornier issue — was a major factor in voters' calculus.
In the next four years, both sides of the strait will need to proceed with care. Beijing must understand that January 11 signaled voters' approval for Tsai to implement her policies, including on cross-strait relations, despite (and to some extent because of) outside pressure. Whether or not Beijing sees this democratic process as legitimate, it cannot avoid the reality that voters did not prefer a closer relationship with the mainland this time.
Likewise, Taipei under the second Tsai administration will contend with its own reality, that the elements of "peace, parity, democracy, and dialogue" that Tsai discussed in her victory speech require a level of cooperation that Beijing is not necessarily interested in providing at this time. The status quo is a tense sort of peace, but in the gray zone Taiwan constantly deals with cyberattacks from the mainland, as well as threatening rhetoric. Beijing's comment after the election that it opposed "separatist conspiracy" in Taiwan indicates that parity, or each side's acknowledgment of the other's existence, and democracy, Taiwan's people's right to determine their future, have hard limits in Beijing's understanding of Taiwan. Dialogue, too, suffers from a lack of open official channels since the downturn in relations after Tsai's first election. Tsai's parameters for stable cross-strait relations hold the course from her first administration, suggesting that the next move is Beijing's. But her emphatic rejection of mainland intimidation in the wake of her victory also indicates that Beijing's hardline policy needs a serious recalibration.
Whether Beijing and Taipei can achieve a level of understanding in the next four years that allows for dialogue and is founded on mutual respect remains to be seen. Initial statements aside, both sides in 2020 are different from 2016. They both face urgent challenges, from the trade war to Hong Kong to their own cross-strait tensions, and they both are looking ahead to changing variables later in 2020, including the U.S. presidential election. The second Tsai administration begins with a plea to Beijing for peaceful and stable cross-strait relations, and with Beijing's predictable warnings in response, but there is much room for evolution, and pragmatic policymaking on both sides in the next four years.
Pam Kennedy is a research analyst with the East Asia Program at the Stimson Center in Washington, DC.
China Taiwan policy
DPP China policy
Taiwan 2020 election
Tsai cross-strait policy
Tsai Ing-wen
Beijing's Fear of Taiwan Independence Under Tsai Steers Taiwan Away From Unification – Again
By Jo Kim
Why does so much of China's approach to Taiwan under the DPP seem self-defeating? Because Beijing believes it has no other choice.
The Coronavirus Outbreak Presents an Opportunity for Cross-Strait Rapprochement
Taipei and Beijing could both extend olive branches in the name of a public health emergency that would otherwise be politically infeasible.
Is This the End of the 1992 Consensus?
By Zihao Liu
The 1992 Consensus is being challenged by each of the three major forces shaping cross-strait relations: the DPP, the KMT, and Beijing.
Election Aside, Taiwan's Generation Gap Will Shape Relations With China
By Jeremy Huai-Che Chiang
Whatever the result of the election on Saturday, the surge in Taiwanese identity among young people is here to stay.


text:
Phyllophoraceae, porodica crvenih algi koja pripada redu Gigartinales. Postoji 18 rodova sa 134 priznate vrste

Rodovi
 Acletoa M.S.Calderon & S.M.Boo 1
 Ahnfeltiopsis P.C.Silva & DeCew 28
 Archestenogramma C.W.Schneider, Chengsupanimit & G.W.Saunders 2
 Asterfilopsis M.S.Calderon & S.M.Boo 4
 Besa Setchell 6
 Coccotylus Kützing 4
 Erythrodermis Batters 3
 Fredericqia Maggs, L.Le Gall, Mineur, Provan & G.W.Saunders 3
 Gymnogongrus C.Martius 31
 Lukinia Perestenko 1
 Mastocarpus Kützing 15
 Ozophora J.Agardh 4
 Petrocelis J.Agardh 2
 Petroglossum Hollenberg 3
 Phyllophora Greville 12
 Phyllophorella M.S.Calderón & S.M.Boo 3
 Schottera Guiry & Hollenberg 3
 Stenogramma Harvey 9

Izvori

Gigartinales

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


From the time I was 7 years old I have wanted to work with animals and become a veterinarian. My parents still talk about how adamant I was at such a young age knowing exactly what I was planning to do with my life. I attended LSU for both undergraduate and graduate studies receiving a B.S. in Animal Science and my doctorate in Veterinary Medicine. As I pursued my passion in and outside of school I have been more than blessed in my chosen career.
I love every aspect of working with animals and am fortunate to have such a wonderful support staff here at Animal Care Hospital. Building this office and becoming one of the AAHA Certified Hospitals in the area is one of my most proud achievements.
Currently, I most enjoy consulting with the owners on the best care for their pets regardless of the circumstance and setting down a plan of action to improve their pets and their own quality of life. I enjoy the challenges of internal medicine and dermatology and attend as many continuing education seminars as possible in these areas of medicine.
I grew up overseas and have moved several times during my life and have come to truly enjoy the Midwest and its changing seasons. I love to spend time outdoors and in the parks, throwing a frisbee for my Border Collie and letting my Lab chase squirrels. My favorite past time is to spend quiet time reading with one of my dogs sleeping across my legs especially when it's snowing outside.
My sweet cravings are anything chocolate and mom's lemon meringue pie!


text:
From extended feature models to constraint logic programming
KARATAS, Ahmet Serkan
Oğuztüzün, Mehmet Halit S.
Dogru, Ali
Since feature models for realistic product families may be quite complicated, the automated analysis of feature models is desirable. Although several approaches reported in the literature address this issue, complex cross-tree relationships involving attributes in extended feature models have not been handled. In this article, we introduce a mapping from extended feature models to constraint logic programming over finite domains. This mapping is used to translate into constraint logic programs; basic, cardinality-based and extended feature models, which can include complex cross-tree relationships involving attributes. This translation enables the use of off-the-shelf constraint solvers for the automated analysis of extended feature models involving such complex relationships. We also present the performance results of some well-known analysis operations on an example translated model.
Variability modeling, Extended feature model, Feature attribute, Constraint logic programming
SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2012.06.004
Department of Computer Engineering, Article


All Online Coupons has a complete collection of Kimmy Shop coupon promo codes. Save big using a coupon code, dollar off or promotional close out.
We provide all available KimmyShop.com coupons and discount Kimmy Shop coupon discount codes on this web page. Click on the link we offer in order to redeem the kimmy shop coupon. When there is a promo code with the deal, redeem it by entering the kimmyshop.com coupon code on the online website.
Use KimmyShop.com Coupon Code: PARTY25 ??
Prior to when you complete your order, make sure that your promotion code worked and the anticipated discount was applied to your order. If you do not do this and don't end up with the discount you expected, we are not responsible.
Please note that internet coupons can be cancelled for any reason and without notice. To help us delete any expired coupon codes and special offers that do not work any more, please tell us to let us know if we have any online deals or promo codes that do not work any more.
All Online Coupons appreciates your patronage of our site and if you tell your everyone about our Internet coupons.
You might have come for this page of promotions and coupon discount codes, but stay and browse our GreatAuPair.com Coupons, Eyeglasses 123 Coupons, Everything Furniture Coupons, SportSmith.net Coupons and NewYorkSightseeing.com Coupons.
Thank you for using our website. Our mission is to collect the premier discounts and deals from all over the Web, like the best coupons and coupon codes. We update our site through out the day, each day, to make our collection of bargains and savings as accurate and complete as possible.
Please send us your suggestions and any additional shopping offers or promotional code discounts we are missing. Thank you for using All Online Coupons.


The yearly Congress of DVFA will be celebrated next 31st of March with a Conference on the very actual topic of Big Data for Finance.
• What approaches are more adequate for the investment or market analysis?
• What is technologically possible today and where are the limits?
• How is the Big Data approaches changing the investment analysis?


A day after receiving backlash for $10,000 honorarium, Gillum now says he will donate it back.
A day after receiving backlash agreeing to receive $10,000 from the city of Gainesville to speak at a scholarship banquet, former Democratic gubernatorial nominee Andrew Gillum — a Gainesville High School graduate — took to Facebook to say that he planned all along to donate his fee back to the scholarship fund.
Wednesday, The Sun reported that Gillum was set to speak at the Brighter Tomorrow Scholarship Banquet, an annual event organized by Gainesville Regional Utilities, and would be paid $10,000 through the municipal utility's general operating fund.
On social media, scores of Gainesville residents took issue with the speaking fee, with some saying that GRU shouldn't be paying him or that Gillum should donate the money.
"Everything about this is wrong," commented one person on Facebook. "I was under the impression that there was no payment for this appearance," another person wrote.
Thursday morning, Gainesville Mayor Lauren Poe promoted the event on his Facebook. Gillum, the former mayor of Tallahassee and Gainesville High graduate, was the first to comment.
The banquet will be held May 9 from 6 to 8 p.m. at the Hilton University of Florida Conference Center, 1714 Southwest 34th St. Money raised from the event will go toward underrepresented potential engineering students from Alachua County who hope to attend Santa Fe College or the University of Florida.
Gillum narrowly lost to Gov. Ron DeSantis in November 2018. The entire Gainesville City Commission endorsed him. Gillum also endorsed Poe and City Commissioner Adrian Hayes-Santos during their bids for re-election.
Gillum's speaker fee comes from GRU's general operating fund, according to GRU officials, at a time when the municipal utility is borrowing money to replenish its reserves.
Poe said Wednesday that he wasn't aware Gillum was being paid but he thought it was worth it because Gillum's participation would increase scholarship donations.
Poe responded to criticism at Thursday's city meeting. He said he found it troubling that the event has been going on for nearly a decade with no issues being raised until Gillum was named the speaker.
"There is not a more inspiring story than the life journey of Andrew Gillum," Poe said. "He is a Gainesville product. He is an inspiration to millions of people and is going to show so many folks that have been told they can't, that indeed they can and they will."
GRU General Manager Ed Bielarski also said the event will be successful with Gillum's appearance and urged people to show up and help fund scholarships.
"I will stand by this every day," he said. "If we could have five or six of these a year, I would do it. It's important to have somebody who represents somebody from (the under represented) community that can come give them hope and inspiration."
GRU spokesman David Warm said Wednesday that GRU is on pace to provide at least six $4,000 scholarships, the same amount as last year. The $10,000 added to the pot would provide at least two more scholarships. He said the speaker fee is the standard price for a high-profile speaker in comparison to past years.
The event will also honor Charles and Cynthia Chestnut with the Legacy Award for their decades of public service and community work. Their son is Chuck Chestnut, an Alachua County commissioner. The family have been longtime and close friends with Gillum since he was a teenager.
Cynthia Chestnut was Gainesville's first black woman mayor and is a former state representative and county commissioner. She currently heads the local Democratic Party.
Tickets are $65 and can be purchased at www.gru.com/brightertomorrow.
Editor's note: The first paragraph of this story has been changed from its initial publication to remove the implication that Gillum had submitted a charge for speaking. The amount was first suggested by GRU.


text:
Lord of Chaos
Book Six of 'The Wheel of Time'
Wheel of Time (Volume 6)
Author: Robert Jordan
Available in Digital Audio!
Trade Paperbacke-BookCompact DiscHardcoverDigital AudioMass Market Paperbound Format
Listen to Excerpt
The New York Times bestseller, available in trade paperback for the first time -- featuring new cover art
The Wheel of Time is now an original series on Prime Video, starring Rosamund Pike as Moiraine!
In Lord of Chaos, the sixth novel in Robert Jordan's #1 New York Times bestselling epic fantasy series, The Wheel of Time®, Rand al'Thor, the Dragon Reborn, builds his army of Light even as sworn enemies--and supposed allies--move against him.
Now ruling Tear, Andor, and Caemlyn, among other nations, Rand is recruiting all men capable of channeling to be trained as his Asha'man soldiers. The warrior Aiel clans have pledged loyalty to Rand, acknowledging him as their chief of chiefs, even though the Shaido Aiel remain a threat.
Split into two factions, the Aes Sedai of the White Tower and their rebel counterparts both seek to ally themselves with the Dragon Reborn. Rand knows all too well the manipulative nature of the Aes Sedai, no matter which side of their internal war they stand upon. But even he cannot predict just how desperate, cruel, and treacherous they can be.
And in the shadows, the Forsaken and the Dark One are conjuring even more chaos...
Since its debut in 1990, The Wheel of Time® by Robert Jordan has captivated millions of readers around the globe with its scope, originality, and compelling characters. The last six books in series were all instant #1 New York Times bestsellers, and The Eye of the World was named one of America's best-loved novels by PBS's The Great American Read.
The Wheel of Time®
New Spring: The Novel
#1 The Eye of the World
#2 The Great Hunt
#3 The Dragon Reborn
#4 The Shadow Rising
#5 The Fires of Heaven
#6 Lord of Chaos
#7 A Crown of Swords
#8 The Path of Daggers
#9 Winter's Heart
#10 Crossroads of Twilight
#11 Knife of Dreams
By Robert Jordan and Brandon Sanderson
#12 The Gathering Storm
#13 Towers of Midnight
#14 A Memory of Light
By Robert Jordan and Teresa Patterson
The World of Robert Jordan's The Wheel of Time
By Robert Jordan, Harriet McDougal, Alan Romanczuk, and Maria Simons
The Wheel of Time Companion
By Robert Jordan and Amy Romanczuk
Patterns of the Wheel: Coloring Art Based on Robert Jordan's The Wheel of Time
Praise for Robert Jordan and The Wheel of Time®
"His huge, ambitious Wheel of Time series helped redefine the genre." —George R. R. Martin, author of A Game of Thrones
"Anyone who's writing epic of secondary world fantasy knows Robert Jordan isn't just a part of the landscape, he's a monolith within the landscape." —Patrick Rothfuss, author of the Kingkiller Chronicle series
"The Eye of the World was a turning point in my life. I read, I enjoyed. (Then continued on to write my larger fantasy novels.)" —Robin Hobb, author of the award-winning Realm of the Elderlings series
"Robert Jordan's work has been a formative influence and an inspiration for a generation of fantasy writers." —Brent Weeks, New York Times bestselling author of The Way of Shadows
"Jordan's writing is so amazing! The characterization, the attention to detail!" —Clint McElroy, co-creator of the #1 podcast The Adventure Zone
"[Robert Jordan's] impact on the place of fantasy in the culture is colossal... He brought innumerable readers to fantasy. He became the New York Times bestseller list face of fantasy." —Guy Gavriel Kay, author of A Brightness Long Ago
"Robert Jordan was a giant of fiction whose words helped a whole generation of fantasy writers, including myself, find our true voices. I thanked him then, but I didn't thank him enough." —Peter V. Brett, internationally bestselling author of The Demon Cycle series
"I don't know anybody who's been as formative in crafting me as a writer as [Robert Jordan], and for that I will be forever grateful." —Tochi Onyebuchi, author of Riot Baby and War Girls
"I've mostly never been involved in any particular fandom, the one exception of course was The Wheel of Time." —Marie Brennan, author of the Memoirs of Lady Trent series
"I owe Robert Jordan so much. Without him, modern fantasy would be bereft of the expansive, deep worlds and the giant casts which I love so dearly. It's not often I can look at another author and say: that person paved my way. But such is exactly the case with Jordan." —Jenn Lyons, author of The Ruin of Kings
"You can't talk about epic fantasy without acknowledging the titanic influence Robert Jordan has had on the genre." —Jason Denzel, author of Mystic and founder of Dragonmount.com
"Jordan has come to dominate the world Tolkien began to reveal." —The New York Times
"The Wheel of Time [is] rapidly becoming the definitive American fantasy saga. It is a fantasy tale seldom equaled and still less often surpassed in English." —Chicago Sun-Times
"Hard to put down for even a moment. A fittingly epic conclusion to a fantasy series that many consider one of the best of all time." —San Francisco Book Review
"The most ambitious American fantasy saga [may] also be the finest. Rich in detail and his plot is rich in incident. Impressive work, and highly recommended." —Booklist
"Recalls the work of Tolkien." —Publishers Weekly
"This richly detailed fantasy presents fully realized, complex adventure. Recommended." —Library Journal
"Jordan has come to dominate the world that Tolkien began to reveal." —The New York Times
"Jordan is able to take ... familiar elements and make them his own, in a powerful novel of wide and complex scope. Open religious and political conflicts add a gritty realism, while the cities and courts provide plenty of drama and splendor. Women have a stronger role than in Tolkien.... Each character in this large cast remains distinct.... Their adventures are varied, and exciting.... The Eye of the World stands alone as a fantasy epic." —Locus
"Robert Jordan has created a fantasy world as tangible and credible as history. He has a fine eye for detail and a vivid sense of drama." —Morgan Llewelyn
"Robert Jordan's The Eye of the World proves that there's still plenty of life in the ancient tradition of epic fantasy. Jordan has a powerful vision of good and evil-- but what strikes me as most pleasurable about The Eye of the World is all the fascinating people moving through a rich and interesting world." —Orson Scott Card
"Jordan's world is rich in detail and his plot is rich in incident. Impressive work, and highly recommended." —ALA Booklist


Communities across the country are discovering the benefits of incorporating nature into their development planning and infrastructure. That was the theme of a July 7 webinar, sponsored by Pew, with Charley Chesnutt and David Olson of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Rachel Gittman, Ph.D., a marine scientist who studies shorelines and ecology.
These experts discussed the benefits of living shorelines—bank-stabilization techniques that use natural materials such as plants, sand, and rocks for combating erosion and conserving the essential coastal habitat of fish and marine life, shorebirds, and plants. Living shorelines offer an alternative to hard structures such as bulkheads and concrete seawalls, which can accelerate erosion and eventually fail, disrupting these habitats.
The three also detailed the importance of the nationwide permit for living shorelines that the Corps proposed last month, the first such effort to encourage greater implementation of living shorelines.
Here are highlights of the discussion.
Gittman discussed research from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration showing that more than 75 percent of U.S. fisheries depend on unique ecosystems such as mangroves and salt marshes for feeding and breeding habitats. But she said we are losing that nearshore terrain at an alarming rate because of coastal development.
Additionally, in a forthcoming article—"Ecological Consequences of Shoreline Hardening: A Meta-Analysis" in the journal BioScience—she and her colleagues lay out their findings that concrete seawalls have a significant negative effect on the biodiversity and abundance of marine life and vegetation. In areas with hard or "gray" structures along the shore, the study reported a nearly 25 percent loss of biodiversity and a 45 percent drop in the abundance of individual species. In contrast, the study found no significant difference in the types and number of fish near natural shorelines and those with a combination of rocks and vegetation.
The federal government has declared 43 major natural disasters this year, of which 26 were flood-related. Our coasts and waterways are absorbing the strong winds and waves from these weather events, which contributes to coastal erosion and degradation. Living shorelines can provide a degree of protection from the storm surge, according to Chesnutt. Although most hard shoreline structures are expected to withstand a storm surge, when they are not well-designed, they can break apart.
"Even a seawall can fail," he said.
People love to live near beaches, lakes, and rivers. The Army Corps of Engineers authorizes projects along the nation's waters, and as part of that process allows landowners to use a variety of approaches to safeguard their property, including those that have minimal adverse environmental effects in and near the water. Every five years, the Corps reviews and updates its nationwide permits to account for changing conditions, public needs, and policies.
Olson observed that not all types of shore protections work in all locations. The proposed permit for living shorelines is intended to streamline the approval process for natural stabilization projects.
Olson encouraged participants to comment on the proposed rule, adding that the Corps values public opinion and that he wants the permit process for bank stabilization activities to be as equitable as possible. The rule will be finalized in March.
The comment period closes Aug. 1. Click here for more information.
View slides from the webinar here.
Laura Lightbody directs The Pew Charitable Trusts' flood-prepared communities project.