text:
Dec 1967 Photos
MRF Summary Report - December 1967
MOBILE RIVERINE FORCE SUMMARY
ComRivFlotOne / ComRivSuppron - Seven
CAPT Robert S. Salzer relieved CAPT Wade C. WELLS of ComRivFlot One/ComSuppRon Seven/CTF-117 on 2 December aboard USS Benewah (APB-35). General WESTMORLAND presented CAPT WELLS with Distinguished Service Medal for his services in organizing and leading the MRF. In addition, Brigadier General THANH, ARVN 7th Infantry Division Commander, presented CAPT WELLS with the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry with palm for his participation as Commander Task Force 117 during Operation CORONADO II from 29 July to 4 August 1967.
Phased Operation CORONADO IX continued during the reporting period, with one operation conducted in Western Dinh Tuong and eastern Kien Phong Provinces during the period 4-6 December.
Movement from Dong Tam to the objective area commenced during the night of 3 December when the barge mounted artillery accompanied by elements of RAD-92, got underway for the Fire Support Patrol Base (FSPS) 30 N.M. up river. The artillery was followed by RAD 112/5th Infantry Battalion VNMC, RAD 111/3rd/47th Infantry Battalion and RAD 91/4th/47th Infantry Battalion consecutively.
RAD-112 fought its way through one B-40/RPG-7 ambush and landed the VNMC Battalion under fire at 040800 on the upper Rach Ruong on the flank of the enemy and began a day-long fight with the 502 Local Force Battalion and local guerillas. This action again highlighted the tenacity, professional competence and aggressiveness of the elite VNMC battalion. The Vietnamese Marines accounted for the majority of the day's kill and took the heaviest losses themselves. RAD-112 supported the ground maneuver from the waterway while taking several RR/B-40/AW hits throughout the day and night.
RAD-111 was also taken under fire en-route to 3rd/47th Infantry Battalion beaches on the Rach Ruong. The troops were successfully placed ashore and the River Assault Craft continued to provide close support to the Battalion throughout the action. Two USN personnel were KIA and 68 wounded during the action.
As a deception measure, the MRB delayed relocation until the boats were in the area of operation. At 040630H, the MRB got underway from Dong Tam escorted by ASPB's. Use of the ASPB's reduced the transit time considerably. H&I fires were conducted by the MRF ships during the first phase of the transit. Upon arrival in the objective area, DEFCON II was set and maintained to counter the increased threat to the MRB in this area.
During the afternoon of 5 December, RAD 112 backloaded the 5th VNMC Battalion and returned to Dong Tam to allow the Battalion to re-organize and obtain replacements for the KIA/WIA losses.
RAD's 111 and 91 continued to support the Infantry in the objective area during 5 and 6 December. Units were backloaded commencing PM 5 December and completed in the afternoon of 6 December.
The MRF relocated to the vicinity of the junction of the Song Tien Giang and Co Chien Rivers AM 6 December without incident.
This highly successful operation rendered yet another VC haven area unsafe for the enemy and added substantially to GVN/US presence in the Delta. Enemy KIA, WIA and captured weapons and material were as follows:
VC KIA (BC) 266
VC WIA 1
VC PW 8
DETAINEES 108 (Incl PW)
VC Weapons Captured
3 B-40 Rockets 11 Russian Rifles
2 BAR 1 Revolver
7 AK-47 5 Colt K-54's
15 M-1 Carbines 1 Hand Made Pistol
2 M-1 rifles 1 Colt BA-38
1 Thompson SMG 1 English Sniper Rifle w/scope
3 Chicom Carbines 1 .45 Cal Pistol
1 U.S. Carbine 1 M-60 M.G.
16 Claymore Mines 182 Grenades
15 Land Mines 5 AP Mines
VC Material Captured and Installations Destroyed
1 PRC-10 Radio 8 B-40 rounds
72 U.S. Magazines 10 U.S. Maps
35 Pounds of Documents 10 Lbs. Dental Equipment
5,000 Rounds SA Ammo Small amount of clothing
5,000 Pounds of rice 2 Small Medical Caches
161 Bunkers 6 Command structures
126 Sampans
PACV's of COSDIV 17 arrived at Vung Tau on 4 December and flew to Dong Tam the same day without incident. Delta operation and shakedown training was commenced 8 December at Dong Tam.
Subsequent phased Coronado IX operations were not as lucrative in terms of enemy KIA as the 4-6 December period. However, continuing combat pressure and area denial was maintained by conducting riverine strike operations during the periods of 9-11 and 14-16 December in the Cam Son Secret Zone, Cai Be and Giao Duc Districts and the 470 Base Area.
A new tactic, developed by CTF-117, was employed on 14 December. Faced with the problem of penetrating the Rach Ba Rai, the scene of murderous ambushes and tenacious VC resistance in the past, a heavily armored riverine force was tasked to precede the embarked infantry up the stream. This force, composed of 2 Monitors, 2 ASPB's, and 2 ATC's with APC Flamethrowers embarked, preceded the 5th Inf Bn, VNMC and the remainder of RAD 112 up the stream. Their mission was to attempt to provoke an attack from the shores. RAD 112 and the VN Marines were then to beach just south of any valid contact made by the armored force and exploit the situation. Although the enemy chose to avoid contact on the 14th, the employment of a Riverine Armored Reconnaissance Element, or "RARE", in this manner is felt to be tactically sound and will be utilized again in the future.
The VC continued to avoid any major contact with the MRF during air mobile and riverine operations in the Cam Son Secret Zone on the 14th and in the 470 Base Area on the 15th and 16th. The MRF relocated again to the junction of the Song Tien Giang and the Co Chien on the morning of the 14th and operations were conducted from that base. Contact during the period was light and sporadic.
Four ASPB's from RAD-91 supported night reconnaissance activity on 12-13 December. Selected 2nd Brigade Army personnel, together with U.S. Advisors and VN irregulars conducted a series of insertions in the vicinity of Con Cat and Con Qui Islands. The operation was considered a success by the advisors who expressed pleasure with the performance of the Army personnel.
The use of a smoke screen as an MRB defensive measure was evaluated on 15 December while the MRB was anchored in the vicinity of Vinh Long. The test was conducted utilizing smoke pots on waterborne defensive patrol craft. On signal, the three boats on the northern side of the MRB activated their smoke pots and continued on their normal patrol pattern. Within approximately 45 seconds, the MRB was sufficiently obscured to inhibit a successful attack. Duration of the smoke screen was 10-12 minutes, utilizing only one smoke pot per boat. During conduct of this test, wind was blowing toward the MRB resulting in partial exposure of the ships nearest the north bank. This situation could be rectified by moving the smoke-generating boats to a perimeter further out from the MRB. The ideal smoke delivering vehicle appears to be the ASPB due to its ability to cover a large area in a shorter time frame. While it would be best if the screen drifted toward the enemy, the evaluation conducted 15 December showed that it is still an effective masking device even under adverse conditions.
Following relocation from the junction of the Song Tien Giang and the Song Co Chien to Dong Tam on the 17th, TF 117 units commenced movement ashore and to the remaining ships. The Ammi pontoons were moved to Dong Tam and to the APL-26 and the Westchester County. RAS 11 Staff and the Flotilla Staff moved ashore. RAD 111 moved to the Westchester County. RAD 91 remained in the APL and was joined by RAD 92, CTF-117 shifted his pennant to the Westchester County at 191200H and staff ashore at headquarters 2nd Brigade, 9th Infantry Division.
The VC welcomed TF-117 units ashore by mounting a mortar attack against Dong Tam Base the evening of 18 December. 16 rounds of 82mm mortar were fired into the NW section of the base. There were no casualties.
Colleton (APB-36) departed Dong Tam at 181030H for Subic Bay via Vung Tau for RAV. Benewah (APB-35) was underway for Vung Tau at 191000H arriving at 191700H for RAV.
Phased Coronado IX operation continued with one operation in Cai Lay District, Northern Dinh Tuong Province during the period 20-22 December. Movement from Dong Tam to the objective area commenced during the night of 19 December when elements of RAD 111 lifted two companies of 3rd/47th to night ambush sites on the Kinh Xan north of Dong Tam. RAD's 91, 111, and 112 provided lift, backlift and support of the 3rd/60th Inf Bn, the 4th/47th Inf Bn and the 5th Inf Bn, VNMC. In A.M. of 21 Dec, the lead minesweeping boat, A-111-4 was mined while transiting the Xang Canal. Personnel casualties were 3 WIA and 1 KIA. The boat hull was dished in but not holed and returned to the MRB under her own power. During the period the VC avoided any major contact with the MRF; therefore, the infantry was backloaded on the 22nd and returned to Dong Tam.
Two infantry battalions supported by RAD's 91 and 92, moved to separate AO's AM 24 December to implement the Christmas Truce operations. RAD-91 lifted 3/60th Inf Bn to beaches on the Kinh Gieo Hoa, then established waterborne blocks in the area. The enemy responded with small arms fire on two occasions during the day. Fire was returned by Army and Navy units with unknown results. Blocking positions were established in the afternoon and maintained for the remainder of the truce period (to 251800H). 333 sampans were searched with no detainees; however 26 VC were observed on the afternoon of the 25th preparing fortifications on the west bank of the Kinh Giao Hoa. The enemy fired at RAD 91 units but withdrew when assault craft and infantry responded. The 3rd/60th Inf Bn backloaded AM 26 December and returned to Dong Tam.
RAD 92 lifted 3rd/47th Inf Bn to beaches on the Kinh Song My Tho in the Ap Bac area NW of Dong Tam. Waterborne blocks were established to complement the maneuver and blocking positions ashore. This was a major crossing site last year during the truce. However, no enemy activity was noted during the period of the 1967 truce. Extraction was completed at 240759H and units returned to Dong Tam.
During the Christmas truce, ten ASPB's from RAD 112 were committed in conjunction with PBR's from TU 116.3.1 for interdiction of VC re-supply routes between Kinh Hoa and Dinh Tuong Provinces. Although results of the patrols were negative, plans continued for further evaluation of PBR/ASPB teams.
Another ASPB mining attempt occurred on 26 December when a command detonated mine was exploded approximately abeam of A-111-1. No casualties were inflicted and only light damage was caused to the boat.
A riverine operation was mounted on the morning of 28 December which continued to the end of the month. Operations were focused on the Cam Son/Ban Long area and included water and air interdiction and saturation patrolling in the Ham Long, Cai Bay, Cai Lay, and Long Dinh Districts. Operations during this period were characterized by sporadic harassing small arms fire and no significant contact.
In their first operational employment on 29 December, two PACV's of TG-117-4 inserted infantry squads into the operational area. Although the troops were successfully lifted to their destination, both PACV's experienced mechanical and/or electrical difficulties which resulted in one of the vehicles being air lifted back to Dong Tam by a "Flying Crane" helicopter.
At 0800 on 29 December, CDR H. Hamel III relieved LCDR C.L. Horowitz as COMRIVRON NINE. The ceremony was conducted in the AO on board CCB-91-1 because of the requirements of operations in progress.
Copyright 1999-2014 by Don Blankenship. You may use the images, descriptions, stories or text within this site, with proper credit, for non-commercial, not-for-profit purposes only. In the event you wish to use any material contained within this site for commercial, for-profit purposes, permission must be obtained from the author, Don Blankenship, in advance of such use. All rights reserved. Click email if you have comments. Thanks for your interest in learning about the Mobile Riverine Force.


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text: call install Debug

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Download latest NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography. The books can be download in pdf format for Class 12 Geography. Download entire book or each chapter in pdf, click on the below links to access books for Geography Class 12 based on syllabus and guidelines issued by CBSE and NCERT.


text:
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text:
News: NEW single, Paralyzed, official video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7m7l8iqGAk
Dream Theater »
What kind of album would you like DT14 to be?
Progressive (IAW, Awake, SDOIT, SFAM)
Heavy (TOT, SC)
Melodic (8VM, DT12, TA)
Epic-Orchestral (BC&SL, ADTOE, WDADU)
Light (FII)
Pages: [1] 2 3 4 5 6 ... 15 Go Down
Author Topic: What kind of album would you like DT14 to be? (Read 34676 times)
Daryus
Since it's been going on recently some discussions on DTF about DT's next album, I've decided to make this thread to hear what you would like DT14 to sound like..
I've excluded a concept album as JP and JR confirmed that that isn't the right thing to do.
I am personally unsure whether to hear a Progressive record or an epic one.
I think I'll give the edge to prog..
Architeuthis
Re: What kind of album would you like DT14 to be?
I would like heavy and melodic.
You can do a lot in a lifetime if you don't burn out too fast, you can make the most of the distance, first you need endurance first you've got to last....... NP
Sycsa
The Strong, Silent Type
Definitely not epic, and keep the "prog" in check too, no 20 minute songs, no orchestras. Keep them around 5-7 minutes, with catchy melodies and choruses, groovy and heavy riffs. No overly mellow stuff either, keep the energy and powah flowing. Basically the opposite of The Astonishing. Also, get the production and Mike's drum sound right. Symphony X's Underworld is my favorite album of the past few years, something in that vein would please me. Some hard rock/bluesy elements like in FII would be nice too.
Quote from: bosk1 on November 15, 2013, 08:46:21 AM
Sycsa is perhaps the most brilliant and insightful man I have ever encountered.
MirrorMask
I voted Progressive, but I'd love a mix of more styles. More precisely, I'd like them to capitalize on what they achieved with this line-up so far:
- From Dramatic, I'd like to see the epics like Bridges in the Sky and Breaking All Illusions, with the instrumental sections not too wild and not too "Let's jam it out LTE style and whatever happens gets recorded".
- From the self titled, I'd like them to keep things concise and to the point.
- From The Astonishing, I'd like to see again the melody and the weird song structures. We got unique stuff like a full-band 2 minutes song and a crazy jazz outro only because a storyline demanded it. Do it for the hell of it, if they feel like writing another 2 minutes song or do something out of the field and never done before, just go for it.
I use my sig to pimp some bands from Italy! Check out Elvenking (Power / Folk metal), Folkstone (Rock / Medieval metal), Arcana Opera (Gothic/Noir/Heavy metal) and the beautiful voice of Elisa!
ToT-147
Living out this Utopian Dream..
Yeah, this time I'm with the vast majority here and want a heavy album in the vein of ToT.... although the fact that you're including SC as an example could scare some and make them vote for something else.. But for what I've been reading here and in fb's pages/groups the last couple of months, most want at least a heavier album that what they have done in the MM-era..
BUT, having said that and tbh, my true answer would be that I'll just be cool with whatever album they come up with.. My last wish after 3 albums of more than great music (I started listening to them in 2008) was around two years ago when I asked for a concept-experimental album and not only I got exactly that, but also, and more important, a handful of excellent songs with unbelievable songwriting style, so... as far as I'm concerned... do what you want this time.. Worst than a middle ranked album it can't be, I'm sure of that..
« Last Edit: April 17, 2017, 02:29:50 PM by ToT-147 »
UTÓPICA 'Symphonic Progressive Metal' band - First album's now out
Google Play goo.gl/AjKEWm iTunes goo.gl/z5kl9d Amazon goo.gl/bWTwMF
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3p2WSYL5tQ (Lyric video)
devieira73
Boldly go where no brazilian has gone before...
I would like an album with the musical diversity and great melodies of TA, but with less "ballads", combined with the heaviness and longer intrumental sections of ToT and the "cool" virtuosity and lyrics of Awake and I&W. Am I asking too much?!
Because of that, I couldn't chose one option above!
"one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." (RIP Neil Armstrong)
Quote from: Sycsa on April 17, 2017, 11:46:43 AM
Yeah, something in the vein of DT12 I guess, very concise songs. However I would like to see at least one long song maybe in the vein of ITNOG or ES..
Since in DT12 there are three songs (TEI, TBP, BTV) in the key of E minor with the 7th string playing a B, in DT14, JP could use the 8 string guitar by writing songs with catchy choruses and groovy riffs in the key of B minor instead of E with the 8th string playing an F#. So yeah, I definitely would be satisfied in hearing an album in this vein.
Quote from: devieira73 on April 17, 2017, 02:03:17 PM
Oh that's ok
I should probably have written 'Heavy and virtuoso' instead of only 'heavy'.
Whatever.....
gzarruk
I voted progressive, but, elaborating more on what I want for the next DT album, I would love to see these things:
- A couple 10 min songs or an epic
- More instrumental sections, but only if the song calls for it
- More experimental tracks (something like SDOIT disc 1)
- A little heavier (not TOT-like, but definitely heavier than TA)
- More instrument options by the DT members (fretless bass, chapman stick, 12 string guitar, baritone guitar, continuum, seaborard, other percussion)
- A couple special guests. Maybe a female vocalist, a very cool male vocalist or someone who plays an instrument none of the DT guys play.
- An external producer working with JP on the production.
- Lyrics by Myung and LaBrie
- A very technical instrumental (like TDOE or SOC)
Hope I'm not asking too much
Quote from: Podaar on November 09, 2017, 03:45:23 PM
It sounds like, "ruk, ruk, ruk, ruk, ruk." Instead of the more pleasing kick drum sound of, "gzarruk, gzarruk, gzarruk, gzarruk."
Quote from: Renzo on April 17, 2017, 02:08:42 PM
All right, I voted progressive. The mix of that 3 albuns are the closest to what I'm asking.
SeRoX
DTF.org Offical Obsessed Member
The VoiceMaster
I wouldn't consider FII light, but I like that type of album again.
Quote from: Plasmastrike
SeRoX is right!
Quote from: Nihil-Morari
SeRoX is DTF's JLB!
Quote from: bosk1 on May 31, 2012, 04:47:28 PM
As usual, SeRoX is correct.
Dublagent66
I used to be an Analog Kid...
...Now I'm a Digital Man
Progressive Metal. That's what Dream Theater usually does. Well, not lately...
"When we are young, wandering the face of the earth. Wondering what our dreams might be worth. Learning that we're only immortal
for a limited time" - Neil Peart (1952 - 2020)
rumborak
DT.net Veteran
Quote from: SeRoX on April 17, 2017, 03:01:49 PM
That's my vote as well.
"I liked when Myung looked like a women's figure skating champion."
JayOctavarium
I used to be a whorejerk
But then I took a Hef to the knee...
I wanna hear the Harpeji on an album
I just don't understand what they were trying to achieve with any part of the song, either individually or as a whole. You know what? It's the Platypus of Dream Theater songs. That bill doesn't go with that tail, or that strange little furry body, or those webbed feet, and oh god why does it have venomous spurs!? And then you find out it lays eggs too. The difference is that the Platypus is somehow functional despite being a crazy mishmash or leftover animal pieces
-BlobVanDam on "Scarred"
bosk1
King of Misdirection
Bow down to Boskaryus
Then I would suggest an album by a harpejiist.
"The Supreme Court of the United States has descended from the disciplined legal reasoning of John Marshall and Joseph Story to the mystical aphorisms of the fortune cookie."
erwinrafael
Something more metal because I want Mangini to go crazy.
TheCountOfNYC
Progressive. Another album like SDoIT would be perfect.
"People figured out that the white thing that comes out of cows' titties could be drunk, and the relation between sweet desires and women's bellies growing up for 9 months. It can't be THAT hard to figure out how a trumpet works."
-MirrorMask
jakepriest
I'd be up for another TOT-like album or a down-to-the-roots ADTOE one.
But honestly I'll take anything as long as it doesn't have a production that's anything like DT12 or TA.
https://www.last.fm/user/pejrol
What's wrong with TA's production?
Phoenix87x
The Phoenix shall rise
After TA, I want a hard swing in the opposite direction. I want a TOT kind of album. Hard hitting, strait to the point. No concept. Just a bunch of kick ass rocking songs.
Evil Incarnate
I think I'd actually like another balls and chunk album like Train of Thought.
Quote from: bosk1 on August 05, 2013, 08:28:31 PM
Zook is right.
Quote from: JayOctavarium on April 17, 2017, 05:16:39 PM
I think Jordan ditched the Harpejji completely after a while of using it. At least, he recorded a solo with it on Raw Dog (which I still don't get why it gets so much hate, I like it more than most of BC&SL)
Quote from: jakepriest on April 17, 2017, 07:01:52 PM
Well, Jordan said this on a recent interview (https://www.stereoboard.com/content/view/206672/9#.WO4A9O9Prgs.twitter) about the next album:
And, finally, what direction do you envisage the next Dream Theater album going in?
I feel like what's going to happen, and we've kind of been talking about it, is revisiting what we feel is the core of who we are to bring back the global audience that enjoys Dream Theater. Something that will make the band really happy to play musically and something that will make all the fans be like, 'This is what I love about Dream Theater'
So, my bet is the album is going to be like ADTOE or DT12, but a bit heavier
They should try to work with a producer again..
But i would like to hear a back to basics approach. A very stripped album, with as few overdubs as possible. Something in the vein of Counterparts from Rush.
And, try to record it live in studio.
lucasembarbosa
Pale Rider of No Tomorrow
A modern and heavier prog metal album in collaboration with Jens Bogren @ his studio in Sweden, where JLB recorded his two last solo albums. If JP's tending to use his 8-string prototype, I'm sure they can head to this direction.
AngelBack
I'm officially a lard......
Why you want beef with broccoli ?
Quote from: TheCountOfNYC on April 17, 2017, 06:37:45 PM
But the arc of your life will still be profound
JR's comment is interesting. "Bring back the global audience"...Is the global audience in decline?
Also while I don't remember exact quotes I remember the band saying something similar about ADToE and especially DT12 where
they were saying something akin to 'this is who we are at the core and that is why we feel it should be self titled' and I think
they tried really hard to reach back to their roots while still experimenting a little. So my feeling is that with the exception of TA
they always try to be true to their core/roots and DT14 will be more of the same approach.
Quote from: emtee on April 18, 2017, 09:56:07 AM
I think the context of the comment is the polarisation of TA to the DT fanbase, which is the topic in the previous questions.
energythief
Chubby Chaser
Where is SFAM in the list? I voted FII because of that absence.
I ain't joking
The 'other' Rich
Inventory!
I like DT best when they do what they do best. Give me a heavy progressive metal album. I voted the first option, but something like Awake, heavy, yet melodic, with intricate song structures and a nice change between short and long songs, would be fantastic.
Quote from: Lolzeez on November 18, 2013, 02:23:32 PM
Hey dude slow the fuck down so we can finish together at the same time.
Quote from: home on May 09, 2017, 05:05:10 PM
scRa are the resultaten of sound nog bring propey
Quote from: energythief on April 20, 2017, 09:10:55 PM
I didn't include SFAM or TA as they said that their next album will not be a concept, but in terms of styles I include SFAM in progressive and TA in Melodic..
Poll now updated.
Zydar
Sheriff of Rock Ridge
Quote from: Phoenix87x on April 17, 2017, 07:20:54 PM
Kotowboy
I don't mind another "classic" Dream Theater a la Dramatic Turn of Events.
If the songs are all good and the instrumental passages aren't overly long...
I'd ideally want A Dramatic Turn of Events with the production of The Astonishing or Black Clouds but with really stand out songs
Plus a touch more heavy. Maybe another album like DT12 but a bit less compressed and with a really good airy drum sound.
... Maybe let Mangini co-produce his drum sound.
[quote author=Kotowboy link=topic=50105.msg2308762#msg2308762 date=1492773551
As of a production standpoint this is a direction I would like to see as BC&SL is my favourite sounding album (and also one of my favourites in general).
It will also be interesting to see at least one song with lyrics by Mangini but I don't think it will happen, if it does I will be very happy.
Pages: [1] 2 3 4 5 6 ... 15 Go Up

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
British Airways fined £183 million over massive data breach
Jul 08, 2019 / British Airways
The airline said around 380,000 transactions were affected. Data stolen included names, email addresses and some credit and debit card information.
The fine is the largest handed out, to date, by the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) and the largest since GDPR came in to force last year, eclipsing the £500,000 slap on the wrist Facebook received for its part in the Cambridge Analytica scandal.
The total fine of £183,390,000 equates to 1.5% of BA's worldwide turnover for the year ending 31 December 2017. BA chairman and chief executive Alex Cruz said the airline was "surprised and disappointed" by the ICO penalty.
TrustYou
How the hotel industry has adapted to GDPR
The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation went into effect in May 2018, but many companies outside of Europe are still playing catch up.
Data Protection ∙ GDPR
Marriott faces $124 million fine from U.K. for data hacking
U.K. cracks down on privacy breaches with second major penalty notice in two days, following proposed $230 million fine of British Airways.
Data Protection ∙ Marriott
Hotels face increasing risk of security breach by cyber hackers
Even as the hospitality industry makes a push for consumers to share information in exchange for better service, it grapples with the urgent need to confront the rise of digital trespassers.
Data Protection ∙ Internet fraud


text:
2217 Eltigen eller 1971 SK2 är en asteroid i huvudbältet som upptäcktes den 26 september 1971 av den ryska astronomen Tamara Smirnova vid Krims astrofysiska observatorium på Krim. Den har fått sitt namn efter Eltigen. En av de platser Sovjetiska trupper kom iland på under invasionen av Krim halvön i november 1943.

Asteroiden har en diameter på ungefär 28 kilometer och den tillhör asteroidgruppen Themis.

Referenser

Huvudbältesasteroider
Themis-asteroider
Småplaneter namngivna efter platser
Astronomiska upptäckter av TM Smirnova
Astronomiska upptäckter 1971

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Dr. Moleski, Neuropsychologist
About Dr. Moleski
Disabilities Assessed
Scheduling with Dr. Moleski
Special Education Questions
Is the school evaluation a diagnosis?
Qualification (or not) for special education is not a diagnosis; this misperception is quite pervasive. Special education categories are not diagnostic; indeed, some of them do not even remotely resemble any diagnostic criteria used by doctors. The purpose of the IEP team (which always includes the parent) is to decide whether or not a child qualifies for special education, and if the decision is made to qualify him/her, what remediation will be provided in the context of the child's education.
Special education categories are legal categories, not diagnostic ones. The complexity of special education categories hinges on the fact that they are legal categories and not psychological/medical diagnoses (in reality, the diagnostic systems used by doctors are infinitely more complex). However, although there are only a handful of special ed categories, the broad "criteria" used in these categories makes them arbitrary. Arbitrary legal categories combined with lack of a doctor's diagnosis is a guaranteed recipe for mass confusion (not only for parents, but for special educators as well). It leads to far more costly legal battles than would likely be the case if a more sane approach was implemented.
Take for example the special ed category of "emotionally disturbed" (which is perhaps the most arbitrary and downright vague of the special ed categories). A doctor may diagnose a child with an emotional disorder such as Major Depression or Generalized Anxiety Disorder. That same child may or may not qualify as "emotionally disturbed" according to special educators. Conversely, a doctor may assess and then subsequently not diagnose a child with an emotional disorder. That same child may or may not qualify as "emotionally disturbed" according to special educators. Not qualifying for special education allegedly means that the child's education is not impacted. Without a doctor's diagnosis first, however, the arbitrariness of "qualification" grows exponentially. (BTW, some researchers estimate that more than half of any given public high school population would "qualify" as "emotionally disturbed" given the vague "criteria"). Hence, the decision to qualify (or not) seems to be up to the discretion of the school district, and not objective criteria. Although the parent can fight the decision, they must be prepared to fight an often expensive legal battle.
A possible solution for the future "Qualifying" for special ed is arbitrary as it now stands. The IEP team is supposed to elucidate educational impact of "disability" on a child, then plan and provide educational remediation although they are not qualified to diagnose said "disability." Before fumbling through the IEP process,therefore, it would make sense to obtain a diagnosis from a doctor (pediatrician, licensed psychologist, or child psychiatrist) first. The IEP team would then be doing what it should be doing: elucidating educational impact (if any), then planning and providing educational remediation. Instead, the IEPs purpose has gotten hopelessly mixed up with misconceptions about "diagnosis" when the IEP team is an educational team. If the law stipulated that consideration for special ed qualification first required a diagnosis by a doctor, a variety of ills would be remedied, including: 1) the parents would receive an unbiased diagnosis from a licensed doctor, which would be beneficial to them whether or not their child subsequently "qualified" for special education; and 2) special education personnel could concentrate on what they were trained to do: Remediate educational difficulties. Other positive side effects may be 1) substantially more trust between parents and educators, resulting in 2) fewer costly legal battles, resulting in 3) more money for training special educators in research-based remedial techniques.
Further Reading: Advice for IEP Meetings, Info on IEEs, Misc. SPED Questions
What is the difference between a Psychologist, a Neuropsychologist, a Licensed Educational "Psychologist," and a School "Psychologist?"
Neuropsychology questions
Helping Parents Is My Business
Contact Dr. Moleski
The What & Why of Psychological Assessment
What Is a Psychologist?
What Is a Neuropsychologist?
What Is A Licensed Educational "Psychologist" (LEP)?
What Is a School "Psychologist?"
What Is a Neuropsychological Evaluation?
Neuropsychological Assessment & Attention Problems
Info on IEEs
Advice for IEP Meetings
Misc. SPED Questions
Misc. Questions
What's Your IQ?
What is Psychotherapy?
What is a "Coach" or "Behavioral Consultant"?
"Making progress academically"
"Our family is in your debt for providing the comprehensive assessment, accurate diagnosis, and the multitude of valuable recommendations for M. She has been more self assured since she saw you and has been making progress academically. She still struggles of course but now we know why and what to do about it."


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The vampire Countess Bathory!
Don't accept that invitation to dinner!
Countess Bathory isn't that well known outside of her native Slovakia but she really ought to be. This was a real-life female vampire aristocrat who had young women round for dinner – and then, literally – had them for dinner.
She indulged her vampiric passions with gusto!
The other day, I met a Slovakian gentleman called Lukáš in the English town of Farnborough who had seen me on TV talking history and was very keen to share the story of this murderous noble woman from his country.
Her name was the Countess Elizabeth Bathory de Ecsed (1560 to 1614). And she is believed to have tortured and killed up to 650 women between 1585 and 1609.
Yes – you didn't misread that – six hundred and fifty women.
Most infamously, the vampire Countess Bathory was accused of bathing in the blood of victims who were virgins at the time of their death. The reason? To remain young of course!
It may not be surprising therefore to discover that her uncle was the highest ranking official in Transylvania – the mountainous land where the fictional Dracula had his castle. Well, that's according to the nineteenth century Anglo-Irish author Bram Stoker.
Eventually, crimes of the blood soaked countess were brought to the attention of the Holy Roman Emperor who ordered an investigation. Some three hundred witnesses all but fell over each other to spill the beans on the vampire princess.
They had seen the vampire Bathory abducting peasant girls and biting at their flesh or burning them with red hot tongs – before ending their lives.
Worse, from the point of view of the aristocracy, this ghoulish killer had even enticed girls of high birth to her castle. She had promised them lessons in etiquette. What they actually got was a lesson in why not to trust the vampire countess Bathory!
She tried to plead her innocence but the evidence was pretty overwhelming. Although the death penalty was called for, it was decided that as an aristocratic woman, she would endure something more refined but equally terminal.
The vampire Bathory was walled up in a small series of rooms with a big enough gap to pass her food. It took four years for this royal serial killer to die.
Posted on October 26, 2018 May 27, 2020 Author Tony McMahonCategories history TVTags Alžbeta Bátoriová, ancient, Barthory, Bartory, bite, blood, countess, Cross, death, Dracula, Elizabeth, empire, fangs, girls, Halloween, history, Holy, Hungary, kill, killer, Mindhunter, murder, noble, peasant, roman, royal, serial, Slovakia, Stoker, Transylvania, vampire, virgins, walled up, women 4 Comments
New drama on killer Anders Breivik
Director Paul Greengrass (past movies include United 93) has turned his hand to a three part harrowing drama covering the appalling massacre carried out by Anders Breivik in Norway on 22 July, 2011.
22 July is now on Netflix and I recommend you watch.
On that day, the extreme right wing terrorist detonated a bomb in downtown Oslo, the Norwegian capital. That killed eight people and would have been bad enough. But what happened next horrified Europe and the world. Because Breivik then made his way to Utoya island.
He knew that a large group of teenage political activists from the country's main left wing party were at a Workers Youth League event holding discussions and seminars. Breivik disembarked from his boat dressed as a police officer, pretending he had come to protect the teens. When challenged by an adult for an ID, he began his killing spree.
Terrified youngsters ran to hide from the fanatic and his array of weapons. But in the end, sixty nine people were slain. Most of them were youths and one just fourteen years of age.
Face of a murderer
As Europe witnesses a surge in extreme Right activity, it's worth recalling what one neo-fascist was capable of doing in just a single day.
On YouTube, Breivik posted a rambling so-called Templar manifesto – that actually had nothing to do with the real Knights Templar. He excused his murders on the grounds of fighting "cultural Marxism", "Islam", "feminism", etc.
He is now serving a very long jail sentence but has appeared to whine about how unfair it is to be incarcerated. I doubt the families of his victims are overly concerned about his welfare and mental state.
Thankfully, the Netflix drama does not try to pluck heart strings with back stories galore at the front of the movie, but goes straight into the gruesome action. All the facts about Breivik and his victims are revealed as we go along.
I think that's important because these victims don't need to have their innocence proven – it should be a given. Their deaths were a callous and brutal act with no justifiable reason.
Posted on October 11, 2018 June 9, 2020 Author Tony McMahonCategories history TVTags 22 July, Breivik, drama, extreme, fascist, film, island, kill, killer, movie, Oslo, Paul Greengrass, police, right, Templar, terrorist, Utoya, YouTube Leave a comment


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Home > Sold > Vintage Bone Hawaiian Pikake Tulip Flower Necklace 19"
Vintage Bone Hawaiian Pikake Tulip Flower Necklace 19"
Vintage Wedding Floral Tulip Bead Jewelry - This is a hand carved bone beaded Hawaiian Pikake necklace. It measures 19 inches long and slightly under .5 inch wide.
This ivory colored necklace is excellent condition.


After months of hard work by heating apprentices from across the UK, Jack Miller from Hull College is HIP Magazine's UK Heating Apprentice of the Year 2016.
The seven finalists from the regional heats were tasked with installing a boiler, magnetic filter, hot water cylinder, circulating pump, radiators and a shower in just ten hours across two days. Their work and results were judged by the panel made up of Head Judge Tony Kite, Glenn Stonehouse from ADEY, Glenn Scholfield from Pegler Yorkshire and HIP Magazine Managing Editor, Celia Matthews.
It was an extremely close contest with all the finalists demonstrating very high quality work but the judges finally named Jack Miller, a Level 3 Apprentice at Hull College, as the UK Heating Apprentice of the Year 2016.
"My uncle is a plumber and he's done well out of the industry, so I grew up knowing it was a good trade to get into. I've always wanted to be a plumber," Jack explained.
The competition's runner up was Ewan McGregor, a Level 2 full time student at Chichester College with Ultan Coonan from Bedford College receiving the Most Improved award.
The 2015 winner of BBC One's The Apprentice and Managing Director of Impra-Gas, Joseph Valente was at the final and not only presented a number of the awards but also discussed his experiences of the industry with the students and apprentices.


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Five Steps to Nonprofit Media Relations Success
If I had a nickel for every time I've heard a client express their desire to be featured in a news story, I would be a wealthy man. It seems like everybody wants to see their organization's name in the news. Of course, there are many legitimate reasons to seek out press coverage — announcing a significant change, launching a new service, recognizing a significant accomplishment or informing the public about opportunities in which to get engaged.
But is getting media coverage that big of a deal? Short answer – yes. In fact, we've seen just one news article result in $250,000 in donations. So how do you go about getting the press interested enough to feature you? We have five tips to help you and your nonprofit get the coverage you deserve.
Tell A Compelling Story
Reporters want to cover topics that are interesting to them, their editors and their audience. Please don't even think about pitching a story about your organization's latest fundraiser, milestone or challenge unless you've identified a strong hook. For example, we pitched a story about New Life Camp's Capital Campaign and its mission to "breathe new life into its facilities." We wanted to visually communicate the tangible impact of the campaign. The result was a great article featuring New Life Camp in Walter Magazine, highlighting incredible pictures of the camp facilities from the 60s that had barely changed.
Know The Publication
Not reading the publication in which they want to appear is one of the biggest mistakes press-seekers make. I beseech you, if you want to appear in the News & Observer or on WRAL, at least read or tune in to check out what they're covering every now and then. Better yet, get a subscription and support the media you're relying on to help tell your story. Know what the publication covers and what sections it produces.
Know The Reporter
It isn't possible to know every reporter, but it is possible to know the reporters who cover your topic and what and how they write. Is your nonprofit focused on education? Follow the education reporter on Twitter. Is your nonprofit located in Cary? Be sure you know who writes for The Cary News.
Keep It Brief And Relevant
Once you know the publication and the reporter you're going to target, the next step is to write the pitch. Don't try to write the entire article for the reporter. Use the five W's and H to make sure you hit the who, what, when, where, why and how of your story. Be conversational and tell the reporter why you think their audience would care.
So you've pitched the story, and it seems to have landed on deaf ears. Remember, you and about 100 other people have pitched that reporter this week. One email may not make it through. Give it a few days, then follow up with another email or a phone call. Be polite and brief. Something like, "I know you're busy, but I wanted to touch base to see if you had any interest in the story I pitched on X date. We would love to work with you on this. So just let me know if we can help you in your reporting."
Yes, your organization likely deserves some recognition for its work. But you can't rely on word of mouth to spread the word to the press.
So whether you reach out on your own or engage a firm like Angel Oak Creative to manage your media relations, make sure you have a solid story to tell and know to whom you're trying to tell it. You can do it! And if you need help, we're always here.
– David Chatham, Senior Marketing Consultant
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Attacks made by one of this creature's natural attacks leave vicious wounds.
Prerequisite: Natural weapon, base attack bonus +4.
Benefit: Choose one of the creature's natural attack forms (not an unarmed strike). The damage for this natural attack increases by one step on the following list, as if the creature's size had increased by one category. Damage dice increase as follows: 1d2, 1d3, 1d4, 1d6, 1d8, 2d6, 3d6, 4d6, 6d6, 8d6, 12d6.
A weapon or attack that deals 1d10 points of damage increases as follows: 1d10, 2d8, 3d8, 4d8, 6d8, 8d8, 12d8.
Special: This feat can be taken multiple times. Each time it is taken, it applies to a different natural attack.


MASSIMO CELLINO'S chances of completing his takeover of Leeds United appear to have been dashed after the Italian was found guilty of tax evasion.
A court in Cagliari found Cellino guilty of avoiding payment of more than €400,000 in import tax on a yacht he bought in 2010.
Judge Sandra Lepore fined Cellino €600,000 and ordered the vessel, named Nelie, be confiscated.
Cellino's defence lawyer Giovanni Cocco announced Cellino, who was not in court, plans to appeal against the verdict.
The 57-year-old agreed to buy Leeds from GFC capital last month and controversially sacked manager Brian McDermott despite not being officially the club's owner.
McDermott, who was not in the dugout for the 5-1 victory over Huddersfield on February 1, was reinstated as manager by the club's current ownership - but the off-field problems have taken it's toll with Leeds' play-off hopes all but extinguished.
Cellino, who heads Eleonora Sports, was hoping to have his takeover ratified by the Football League.
However the governing body's 'owners and directors' test, prevents anyone with an unspent conviction for dishonesty offences from being a director, a 30 per cent owner, or from exercising control over one of its clubs which points to the Cellino takeover being blocked.


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Paulson also reported that upped his shares from 850 million shares to thirteen.5 million shares, making him the fourth largest holding in his life technology company, AngloGold Ashanti Holdings Restricted SPDR Gold Belief Fund and Delphi Automotive. That's what I wished to do. The issue is I used to be not like different people who may fly there because that downside is cash.
I will give you a fast example of how a market really works relating to earning profits and never being short of customers. Claims Adjusters and associated positions – This says something about the insurance coverage business total, maybe that extra insurance coverage is bought or extra individuals are filing claims, or each. The exterior design of successive Land Cruiser generations has combined the trendy aesthetics of a car fully at residence in any environment with the sturdy image of durability and power anticipated from a real four-wheel drive machine.
While new suppliers, like on-line news aggregators, might need pioneered private newscasts, it is not just these new gamers that provide such facilities. A survey of over 80 newspaper web sites in the US found that the number of sites which allowed audiences customize their information consumption rose from 10 per cent in 1997 to 24 per cent in 2003 (Greer and Mensing, 2006) — a figure which is more likely to have grown further.
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EMAIL HACKING AND FRAUD ARE ON THE RISE SEEKING TO FRAUDULENTLY MISDIRECT FUNDS IN REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS. BEFORE YOU EVER AUTHORIZE THE WIRING OF ANY FUNDS, CALL YOUR TITLE ESCROW COMPANY AND SPEAK TO SOMEONE THAT YOU PERSONALLY KNOW FROM THE TRANSACTION TO VERIFY ANY WIRING FUNDING INSTRUCTIONS. NEVER WIRE FUNDS TO AN ACCOUNT THAT YOU HAVE ONLY RECEIVED A TEXT OR EMAIL PROVIDING THE ACCOUNT INFORMATION THE TEXT OR EMAIL MAY APPEAR GENUINE, BUT IT MAY ALSO BE FROM A HACKER/CRIMINAL ATTEMPTING TO DIVERT YOUR FUNDS.WE ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY WIRES SENT, TO A FRAUDULENT BANK ACCOUNT.


You ask your doctor for a referral to a psychologist, maybe as part of getting your mental health treatment plan. The doctor doesn't know the psychologist all that well, and you just don't click with them.
So you search Google for psychologists near you who work with the issue you've got, and check out their websites. You go with one who sounds good, but what they're like in person is different to what they wrote on their site.
Finally you ask a few of your good friends if they've ever seen a psychologist. It turns out they have, they just don't talk about it, and you get a recommendation. This psychologist was helpful for your friend, and they end up being helpful for you.
Can you relate to any of that? Or maybe you're at the start of your search and feeling a bit lost and worried.
I hear you. Mental health can be some of the most private stuff in your life, and it can be scary to discuss even with close friends. So we'll look at why friend recommendations seem to work well, and how you can get the same good result without having to reveal things you're not ready to.
Friend recommendations have a few things going for them.
For a start, you've got proof that the psychologist has been helpful to someone else. It's like when you're choosing a hotel. Reading reviews on TripAdvisor tells you more than just reading the hotel's website. You can get some independent information on what your friend's psychologist was like.
Plus your friends are probably similar to you in some ways — maybe their personality, their values, and where they're at with their lives. That's why you're friends! If the psychologist is good for people like you, they're probably good for you.
So first, you'll need to work out what you really want from a psychologist.
If you trust your intuition and let yourself be honest, you'll find that you can answer some basic questions about who your right psychologist will be.
It's ok to say "it doesn't matter" to some of the questions. Just don't say "it shouldn't matter" if your intuition is telling you that it does. For example, if you feel you need to see a older female psychologist who's been through a divorce, there's no point seeing a young male psychologist who's never been married. If you know in advance that someone won't fit what you need, just don't do it.
There's more to it than the basic things above. You need a therapy style that works for you, and a treatment mode that suits your issues and goals. But you probably don't know about therapy styles and treatments. How can you find out?
Do you want to change your thoughts and the way you talk to yourself?
Do you want to deal with the here and now, rather than your past?
Do you want to work through things that happened when you were young?
Do you want to work through family stuff?
Do you want to look at the unconscious parts of your mind?
Second, do some reading. Here's a good article on the different types of therapy. So many! Two that you need to know about are acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). These are very widely used and lots of people get good results from them.
Third, we have a quick online quiz that helps you think about how you want a psychologist to help you. It gives you a result you can use when choosing psychologists, and take with you so you have better sessions. Get a MindFit account and then take the Ways of Being Helped quiz. If you're already signed up just follow the link from your Member Home page.
If you've worked through the tips in this post then you've got some more clarity on what you need. Now, how do you find psychologists who match? What do you say on the phone to check that they're right for you? How do you know they've got a good track record with people like you?
You don't have to do it all yourself! We know over 2000 psychologists in Australia and we're happy to do some searching for you. Send us a quick message and we'll get started.
I like your tip to keep in mind your objective and use that to find a counselor with a therapy style that works for you. My niece has troubles with the fact that her parents got divorced. It'd be a good idea to find a counselor that works well with younger patients.
I appreciate how you suggested to figure out what kind of therapy treatment you want, like looking at the unconscious parts of your mind. I've heard a few of my friends talking about how they wouldn't ever tell their friends if they were seeing a therapist. Your article really helps in figuring out what kind of counselor you could benefit from, so I'll be sure to pass this on to them in case they ever need to seek help or guidance.


On behalf of Barker Law Firm PC on Friday, November 30, 2018.
Separating from the mother of your children was likely one of the hardest decisions you have ever had to make. As you navigate the post-divorce world, you must learn how to share custody and pay child support. If your existing Texas child support order no longer works for you, you may want to seek a modification.
On behalf of Barker Law Firm PC posted in divorce on Wednesday, November 14, 2018.
Some Texas fathers might struggle to pay child support or get child custody. Courts still may favor mothers as main caregivers, and more than four-fifths of custodial parents are mothers. However, there are steps fathers can take if they are having issues with support or custody.


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Action Synopsis: Terrestrial Mammal Conservation About Actions
Fit livestock with protective collars to reduce risk of predation by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict
Overall effectiveness category Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence)
Number of studies: 1
Carnivores typically kill their prey by a fatal bite to the neck. Hard collars can protect animals' necks. This may increase the effort needed by predators to kill livestock and, thus, reduce the likelihood of a fatal bite. If the intervention results in fewer livestock predated, this could reduce incentives for carrying out lethal control of predators.
One study evaluated the effects of fitting livestock with protective collars to reduce human-wildlife conflict on rates of livestock killings by predators. This study was in South Africa.
COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES)
POPULATION RESPONSE (0 STUDIES)
BEHAVIOUR (0 STUDIES)
OTHER (1 STUDY)
Human-wildlife conflict (1 study): A replicated, before-and-after study in South Africa found that livestock protection collars reduced predation on livestock by carnivores.
A replicated, before-and-after study in 2006–2009 of seven livestock farms in savanna and shrubland in Eastern Cape, South Africa (McManus et al. 2015) found that using livestock protection collars reduced livestock fatalities caused by predators, compared to the rate when predators were controlled by lethal means. Results were not tested for statistical significance. When livestock collars were used, 1–12% of livestock were killed each year by predators. When not using livestock collars but, instead, carrying out lethal predator control, 6–31% of livestock were killed. Costs of using livestock collars (3.5 USD/livestock animal) were comparable to those of lethal control (0.7–6.0 USD/livestock animal). In August 2006–August 2007, all seven farms used lethal methods, including trapping and shooting, to control black-backed jackals Canis mesomelas, caracals Caracal caracal and leopards Panthera pardus. In September 2007–September 2009, all farms fitted animals with epoxy–metal mesh collars that protected the animal's neck from predator bites. Farmers reported numbers of livestock killed by predators, and associated costs, in September in 2007–2009.
McManus J.S., Dickman A.J., Gaynor D., Smuts B.H. & Macdonald B.W. (2015) Dead or alive? Comparing costs and benefits of lethal and non-lethal human-wildlife conflict mitigation on livestock farms. Oryx, 49, 687-695
Littlewood, N.A., Rocha, R., Smith, R.K., Martin, P.A., Lockhart, S.L., Schoonover, R.F., Wilman, E., Bladon, A.J., Sainsbury, K.A., Pimm S. and Sutherland, W.J. (2020) Terrestrial Mammal Conservation: Global Evidence for the Effects of Interventions for terrestrial mammals excluding bats and primates. Synopses of Conservation Evidence Series. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Terrestrial Mammal Conservation
Use lights and sound to deter crop damage by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict
Action Link Unlikely to be beneficial 2 Synopsis Link
Use fire to deter crop damage by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict
Action Link Likely to be beneficial 2 Synopsis Link
Deter predation of livestock by herding livestock using adults instead of children to reduce human-wildlife conflict
Action Link Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) 1 Synopsis Link
Terrestrial Mammal Conservation - Published 2020


High-Quality Content: Content in the site has to address the user's query or intent. Keep the content on the site clean and away from looking like Spam. Follow Google's blog to build high-quality sites to get a better idea.
Content should be responsive: Mobiles are a big part of today's era and it's no surprise that most of the search queries come from mobile than the desktop. So it is important to address this concern and make the website responsive or alternatively use AMP for the mobile environment.
Page Load: Site speed is one of the most important criteria for user experience and also a ranking factor for different search engines. User's more often than not will not have the patience to hold on the web page and may abandon the page if the site is slow. So improve the site speed and you can check website speed test from here.


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History, Revolutions
The National Convention
Hello, and welcome to Revolutions.
So, last time we dealt with the bloody consequences of the power vacuum that was left after the Insurrection of August 10. The overthrow of the monarchy and the abandonment of the Constitution of 1791 meant that no one was really in charge and so no one was really in control. But this dangerous six week interregnum ended with the convening of the National Convention.
The National Convention's stated purpose was to write a new constitution for France. But as events twisted and turned and constitutions were written, suspended and rewritten, the Convention wound up serving as the national legislative body of France from September 1792 until November 1795. The battles waged in the Convention and over the Convention would define the worst days of the French Revolution. And today we will follow the bitter and acrimonious start to their violent and disturbing adventure.
Elections for the new convention were called by the Legislative Assembly in that nervous session of August 10, 1792. The leadership of the Legislative Assembly may not have been ecstatic about dumping the Constitution of 1791 and starting over from scratch, but with the smoke from the battle in the Tuileries Palace still lingering in the air, they decided it was one of those go-along-to-get-along type of situations. But though Brissot and his Girondin friends no doubt shuddered when they approved elections that were to be held on the basis of universal manhood suffrage, accepting only servants and the unemployed, they did manage to sneak through two bits of procedural minutiae that helped ease the pain.
First, they stuck with the same two tiered electoral system that had been used in the past: a primary assembly to nominate an elector, who would then move on to a second assembly, where the vote for the actual delegates would take place. This would hopefully lock out the kind of delegate unregulated democracy might produce.
Second, they managed to resist Robespierre's call that the Legislative Assembly passed a self denying decree, as the National Assembly had once done. A decree that would bar them all from sitting in the convention. But the leaders of the Legislative Assembly were having none of that. They were not going to be swept aside like those naive Feuillant. If the electoral pool was going to be universal, so too would the candidate pool.
The first round of elections was held on August 27, which was just about the time Paris was entering terminal freak out mode. But it wasn't just Paris that was freaking out. There was a lot of freaking out going on. Those commissioners sent out by the Legislative Assembly after August 10 made it clear that this was the dawn of a new era. And in this new era, enemies of the revolution would no longer be coddled. Decrees started coming out of Paris authorizing the arrest of suspects. And then that extraordinary tribunal gave everyone a look at what justice would look like in this new era, when they started cutting off heads with the guillotine, which, while I'm here, I had better correct something right now.
As a few of you pointed out, Dr. Guillotin did not invent the guillotine. He merely suggested that all execution should be decapitation effected by means of a simple machine. Forerunners of that simple machine had been around for a few hundred years. But the prototype, built in April 1792, is officially credited to a surgeon named Antoine Louis. Dr. Guillotin's name wound up attached to the thing, though, much to his everlasting shame and horror. Sure don't like making mistakes like that, but every once in a while, I faceplant. I'm sorry about that.
So the elections to the National Convention unfolded under an oppressive blanket of fear and suspicion. So it should come as no surprise that in an atmosphere where the wrong political sentiment, even when expressed offhand, might result in the death penalty.
But turnout for the elections was comically low. You never see turnout figures for the primary assemblies higher than 25%, and I've seen them calculated as low as just 5%. Why in the world would you want to accidentally vote for the wrong guy at a time like this? That meant that those who did show up were of a very particular type and agreed on a very specific set of principles. Which is why it's so ironic that of the three major representative bodies we've dealt with so far – the National Assembly, the Legislative Assembly, and now the National Convention – the Convention would turn out to be by far the most rancorous and faction ridden.
The second round of elections was held on September 2, the same day the September massacres got going in Paris. Now, obviously, that couldn't affect the vote out in the departments, but it had a huge impact on the Paris elections. I mean, you would have to be insane to show up and do anything but vote left, left and harder left. As a consequence, the Paris delegation would be super crazy radical, even more super crazy radical than all the previous Paris delegations. And those previous delegations had always been way to the left of everyone.
When the results came back in, the Paris slate read like a who's who of major revolutionaries: Robespierre, Danton, Desmoulins, d'Églantine, Jean-Paul Marat won a seat. But so too did their increasingly bitter opponent, Jacques Pierre Brissot, who was still way too prominent and influential to be denied.
Out in the departments, meanwhile, about 200 men who had sat in the Legislative Assembly were re-elected from their various districts, including all the prominent Girondins. Also coming back into the fold were about 80 guys who had served in the old National Assembly, the most famous of whom was the Duke d'Orléans, that renegade prince of the blood who was now styling himself, Philippe Égalité. Regrettably, I have probably not given the Duke d'Orléans the attention he deserves. And at some point I'm going to have to pull off and review his role in the revolution at better length, since he was so instrumental in creating the space within which the early revolutionaries flourished. And I'll probably do that when those revolutionaries cut off his head.
So of the 749 members of the Convention, almost 300 were experienced legislators and had been central to revolutionary politics for years. The newcomers were, like had happened with the Legislative Assembly, men who had made their name in local revolutionary politics and who were now making the jump to the big stage. Although, one of the most famous newcomers had made his name not in local politics, but in international politics, because our old friend Thomas Paine was elected to represent the city of Calais.
Paine had just been chased out of Britain for publishing a defense of the French Revolution called The Rights of Man, and he landed in France just in time to be elected as a sort of honorary delegate by some enthusiastic French admirers. The public debate that had just been waged in London between the radical Paine and the suddenly very conservative Edmund Burke probably deserves a supplemental episode on its own because the French revolution is insanely complicated and it's very hard to keep up.
The Convention met as a body for the first time on September 20 in the Tuileries Palace. And then on September 21, 1792 they held their first session in the Ménage, taking over that rectangular hall that had served as the home of both the National Assembly and the Legislative Assembly. From the word go, the National Convention was a very contentious place to be, because two factions walked into the hall basically ready to drive the other into the dust. Robespierre, his fellow Paris radicals, and about 130 Jacobin-aligned delegates planted themselves on the top rows of a set of steep risers on one side of the hall. This earned them the nickname that would become an all but official party name: The Montagnards or The Mountain, and I'm going to call them the Mountain, so I don't have to mangle Montana every time I want to talk about them.
Opposed to the Mountain was, of course, the Girondins, now numbering roughly 200 or so delegates who tended to vote together and support each other, though it is an enduring historical debate just how cohesive they really were.
Between these two factions laid the majority of uncommitted delegates who filled the seats near the ground, earning them the name the Plain or the Swamp, if you wanted to be snarky about it. Their votes were the prize to be won in the endless rounds of accusations and counter accusations between the Mountain and the Girondins.
Now, the funny thing about these two rival cliques is that in almost every respect, they were composed of the same type of man. They were all well educated, mostly lawyers and professionals – thoroughly of the bourgeois set. Most had grown up obscure in the provinces and had risen to prominence with the Revolution. They all were, or had very recently been prominent Jacobins, and those who had been in the National Assembly or the Legislative Assembly always composed the left side of the left wing. So far, they had really only disagreed about one thing, but I suppose it was a big thing: Brissot and the Girondins were extremely pro-war. Robespierre and his allies were staunchly antiwar. The rest of it comes down to personality. They just didn't like each other. And then there was, of course, power. They both wanted it and saw the other as their main obstacle to grabbing it and holding it.
In the beginning, the Girondins clearly had the edge on that power, and in a lot of ways, their position at the beginning of the convention was very similar to that of the Feuillant. At the beginning of the Legislative Assembly, the Girondins controlled almost all the important ministerial posts. Their immediate numbers gave them the largest plurality of votes in the Ménage, and the new delegates arriving in Paris to take their seats initially gravitated into their orbit. For the first few months, the Girondins were able to put their guys in the president's chair almost at will.
In a convenient bit of dramatic foreshadowing, though, it appears that when the delegates arrived to take up their seats in the Ménage, no one wanted to sit in the area once occupied by those disgraced Feuillant. Like those seats were cursed or something. But then the realities of space constraints forced those seats to be occupied, by the Girondins. Cue ominous music.
The big thing that gave the Girondins their immediate gravitational claim on new delegates was the shock over the September Massacres. Most of the provincial delegates were absolutely horrified by the Massacres. Including the body count from August 10, more than 2,000 enemies of the revolution had been killed in the capital by armed mobs in less than six weeks. Aside from the human suffering dimension, most of the delegates in the Convention were lawyers, and they were appalled by the total breakdown of the rule of law. So right away, the delegation from Paris came under fire for their role in the Massacres. It was well understood that Robespierre and his gang were closely tied to the Insurrectionary Commune, that in a very real sense, they were the representatives of the Commune in the Convention, that set them up as villains through these initial sessions. In a very pointed rebuke of the Commune, the first president the Convention elected was Jérôme Pétion, the now ex-mayor of Paris, who had been deposed when the Insurrectionary Commune took power on August 10.
The first order of business, however, did manage to bring everyone together. On September 21, the Convention voted unanimously to abolish the monarchy and declare France a republic. A new kingless constitution would now be drafted. This was just about the last thing the Convention agreed on, because once it was settled that the monarchy was abolished, the next question became, okay, well, what do we do with Louis? And that's when unanimity collapsed. Some wanted him put on trial, others said he had already been put on trial and found guilty back on August 10. Others said a king could never be put on trial. Some people wanted him dead, other people wanted him in prison. Others maybe secretly wanted him back on the throne. All of this would be the primary focus of the first few months of the Convention. And today I'm going to talk about none of it. Instead, I'm going to reserve it all for next week so I can tell in one coherent story the trial and execution of Louis the Last. Today we're just going to have a little fun watching the Girondins and the Mountain go at it to the nail.
The Girondins moved quickly to try to destroy the Mountain before they even got settled. In that first week, they accused Robespierre of orchestrating the September Massacres so he could kill all his enemies and set himself up as a dictator. Their main tactic was to link Robespierre to Marat, because everyone knew Marat had been the main instigator of the Massacres and had been repeatedly calling for a revolutionary dictatorship: to purge France of the impure.
The Girondins then pivoted from this personal attack on Robespierre into a general assault on the Paris Commune, which they argued posed a potential threat to the Convention. Anytime something didn't go the Commune's way, they could simply unleash the armed hordes of sans-culottes. To counter this, they proposed calling in National Guard units from the provinces to come act as defenders of the Convention. But this initial attack petered out when Marat stood up and declared that he had been alone in his call for a revolutionary dictatorship. Robespierre had nothing to do with it. And then, of course, there was the somewhat perplexed reaction to all this from the unaligned delegates of the Plain, who thought attacking Robespierre and the Commune a curious business to fixate on, given everything else that had to be done.
But the Girondins were not deterred, and Robespierre was not their only enemy, and they soon set their sights on Danton, that great ogre that Madame Roland was absolutely convinced was really behind the massacres, the man who really wanted to set himself up as a dictator.
Danton's position within the Convention was a bit odd. He sat with the Mountain, but he very much wanted to remain independent, and he worked behind the scenes to mend the rift between the two factions. They had so much in common. It seemed crazy to derail the Convention for the sake of indulging personal grudges. To counter the notion that he himself was aiming at dictatorship, Danton announced in his maiden speech to the House that he would resign from his post as Minister of Justice. I promise he kept, two weeks later, once he was sure that the victory at Valmy had actually turned the allied army around.
But that was not enough for Madame Roland. And in mid-October, the Girondins started going after Danton hard for his sloppy bookkeeping as Minister of Justice. He had spent a lot of money, and no one knew where it had gone, though it was clear at least a chunk of it had gone to arm the Paris sections, which didn't exactly seem like Justice Ministry business.
But while the vast majority of the money was publicly unaccounted for, Danton plausibly made his case that, given the circumstances, he had spent the money as he thought best to defend Paris, that he had shown his receipts to his colleagues on the Provisional Executive Council, and they had approved his work, which his fellow ministers then affirmed that he had. Though, as I said, in the days after August 10, Danton dominated that ministry. So who knows what actually went on or what his fellow ministers actually approved?
All of these attacks culminated at the end of October and the beginning of November, when the Girondins attempted to expel the entire Paris delegation as a threat to the Convention. On October 25, they sent out one of their guys, a minor character whose name I won't bother you with, to reopen the case against Robespierre. The model of the speech was Cicero's Cataline Orations, and he again accused Robespierre of trying to set himself up as a dictator.
But when Robespierre came back a week later with his defense, he absolutely won over the Plain. He dismissed the entire thrust of the Girondins attack as both stupid and petty. He laughed at the thought of anyone thinking him, of all people, anything but an instrument of virtue. He then laid out what would soon become the official revolutionary position on the September Massacres, that they were inextricably linked to the insurrection of August 10. They were driven by the same historical force, that to deny one was to deny the other. And since no one wanted to turn back the clock on August 10, everyone had to accept the massacres as the unfortunate result of the same virtuous impulses. It had all been illegal. Of course it had been illegal, but it was the will of the people, and that was what mattered. "Do you want a revolution?", he asked. "Without a revolution?"
But all this bickering was really just a sideshow to the main event, because over the first month of the Convention's life, committees were being formed and then started reporting back about how best to deal with the King. Next week we will be back at full strength with a full-length episode to delve into the trial and execution of Louis XVI, whose fate would soon enough be shared by those who currently judged him.
Return to The French Revolution >>
← The September Massacres
→ The Trial of Louis XVI


Home English Bulletin Buzz: Pawan Kalyan In Chiranjeevi's Film!
Rumors are the ones which engage everyone, nobody is bothered about credibility of news these days. Everybody just wants interesting spicy gossips. Here's one of the latest rumor doing rounds in Film Nagar.
Accordingly, Trivikram is planning a film with Chiranjeevi. Guess what? Pawan kalyan is going to play a 30 min role in that film. Wonder how creative and imaginative gossipmongers are!
Coming to reality, Trivikram is busy wrapping PSPK25 in Bulgaria and he will team up NTR for his next.
Titled 'Agnathavasi', PSPK25's 'Baitikiochichoodu' full song will be released on the occasion of Trivikram srinivas birthday i.e. on November 7th.


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Home Showbiz Bollywood Shriya Pilgaonkar & Ali Fazal paired for 'Mirzapur'
Shriya Pilgaonkar & Ali Fazal paired for 'Mirzapur'
Raj Baddhan
RajBaddhan
Shriya Pilgaonkar who was appreciated for her Hindi film debut as Shah Rukh Khan's love interest in 'Fan' (2016) and for her viral short film 'Jai Mata Di', is now going to be seen in a web show called 'Mirzapur' produced by Farhan Akhtar and Ritesh Sidhwani for a global online platform where she stars opposite Ali Fazal in the lead.
Mirzapur is a Gangster drama directed by the makers of Inside Edge and is currently being shot in Varanasi. The show also stars Pankaj Tripathi and Vikrant Massey
When asked, Pilgaonkar said "I am thrilled to be part of Mirzapur and to be working with Excel. We have already started shooting in Varanasi. The cast is fantastic and the character I play is completely different from what I have done before. Ali and I have been friends since college, so it's even more special that we are working together."
shriya pilgaonkar
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Video series aims to change the narrative about tobacco in the African-American community
Jul. 12, 2017 min read
On a hot summer day in Durham, N.C., Justin Reid sat down at a cookout with his friend, a 29-year-old chef who owns several businesses and is well-known in his community. They talked about life, entrepreneurship and the role of flavors—not only in food, but in tobacco products targeted to people who look like them.
Their chat is captured in the first episode of a web series that Reid hopes will spark new conversations among African-Americans, a population that smokes menthol-flavored cigarettes at much higher rates. The GOAT Series, which stands for Getting Out All Truth, is a multimedia project that originated with the 2016-17 Youth Activism Fellowship, an annual Truth Initiative® program for youth and young adults.
One of the program's requirements is that participants, called fellows, develop and execute local tobacco-control projects. Reid's project explores the intersection of the African-American community and the tobacco industry to create new narratives about smoking. Watch the first episode below.
Reid chose this project based on his personal experiences with tobacco industry marketing. "Growing up, my mother had a subscription to both Ebony and Jet magazine, and I remember the cigarette ads in the magazines," said Reid, a North Carolina Central University graduate with a bachelor's degree in political science. "It was always just cool black people—maybe hanging out in a room, all laughing—but they all had cigarettes, and that's definitely a dangerous narrative when the only word on the picture is 'pleasure.'"
Reid is referring to Newport ads for menthols. Research has found these ads often appear in magazines targeting African-Americans and younger consumers, and focus on "themes of sociability and sexuality."
Tobacco companies have profiled African-Americans and strategically marketed their products to appeal to that community for decades, including placing advertising in predominantly black neighborhoods and in publications that are popular with black audiences.
The marketing is so pervasive, that a 2013 study found that black children were three times more likely to recognize advertisements for Newport than other children. A 2011 review concluded that Ebony magazine was almost 10 times more likely than People magazine to contain an advertisement for menthol cigarettes. Even more, research has shown that there are up to 10 times more tobacco ads in black neighborhoods than in other neighborhoods.
Reid also realized that tobacco marketing varies based on where you live. Originally from Boston, he recalls how "being in the projects and walking down the street to the corner store, there's literally a block full of tobacco advertisements of all different colors that look just like the snacks that we were buying at the store." However, he said that in the predominantly white district where he went to school—outside the city of Boston—he would never see tobacco advertisements.
"It wasn't until later that I became aware of seeing how the tobacco advertisements were very targeted—who they wanted to smoke and where they wanted their advertisements to be—and it's become something that I've internalized," Reid said. "You really have to look at how one side is pushing the narrative and not only combat it, but combat it better than they're pushing it."
The GOAT Series will have two episodes that will be hosted on GoatSeries.co. The second episode will focus on point of sale (where tobacco products are sold and how they are strategically placed).
After completing his project, Reid's work continues in the fall with the next group of fellows in the 2017-18 class. He will serve as an alumni mentor by leading training sessions and providing project planning assistance. He gives credit to the fellowship for helping him grow professionally and personally, and pushing him to expand his limits.
"One of my four principles is that 'You can be only what you experience,' and the fellowship afforded the opportunity for me to not just see it, but experience it," Reid said. "The day that I tapped into [work in tobacco prevention], I tapped into something that was part of what I was put on earth to do."
TAGS: racial identity marketing
Racial/Ethnic Minorities
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3 ways vaping affects mental health
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Letter to Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Supporting PATH Train Extension to Newark Airport
Dear Chairman Kevin O'Toole and Executive Director Rick Cotton:
We write to reiterate our support for the PATH extension to Newark Airport project and its continued inclusion as a priority in the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) Capital Plan. We understand that the Port Authority faces deep revenue losses as a result of COVID-19, and with federal funding still uncertain, there is great pressure on the capital program and many competing priorities. We believe that post-pandemic, the PATH extension project takes on an even greater importance in driving the economic recovery of our region.
The PATH extension project, connecting Lower Manhattan to Newark Airport and underserved areas of the city, will improve transportation options, travel time and be a local and regional economic generator. For Newark residents, particularly in the South Ward, the PATH extension would expand their economic opportunity by providing easier access to jobs in Lower Manhattan, Newark Airport, Jersey City, and other transfer points. Providing safe, reliable, and efficient transportation options will be critical to getting people back to work in our region over the long term.
In Newark, the new PATH station at Frelinghuysen Avenue can be a catalyst for local, transit-oriented development, with new housing units and other commercial properties. In neighboring Harrison, a new PATH station has transformed the area with new residential and commercial development, an example of what the PATH extension project can spur in the South Ward.
The PATH extension will provide faster and more reliable access from Lower Manhattan to Newark Liberty Airport to support business and tourism, strengthening the national and international relationships that are so vital to our region's growth and prosperity. Newark residents will also benefit from this connection to the airport, as currently there is no pedestrian or bus access to the Airport Station.
As our economy recovers, we must not lose focus on expanding transportation options in an equitable way, to create a stronger and fairer region. Investing in the PATH to Newark extension is a smart infrastructure investment that will create jobs and benefit commuters, residents, and visitors for decades to come. We look forward to continued planning for this project as scheduled.
The Honorable Dan Benson
New Jersey State Assemblyman, Legislative District 14
Aisha Glover
President & CEO, Newark Alliance
Bernel Hall
CEO, Invest Newark
Chip Hallock
President & CEO, Newark Regional Business Partnership
The Honorable John Sharpe James
South Ward Councilman, City of Newark
Jessica Lappin
President, Downtown-Lower Manhattan Association
Thomas K. Wright
President & CEO, Regional Plan Association
New Jersey Must Make Bus Travel Easier for Essential Workers to Ensure Equitable Recovery
Making Change Happen with Partners in Newark and Bridgeport


Garrett is a long time Alumni of Healing properties and when it was time to get help again he didn't think twice before coming to Recovery Boot Camp. Garrett likes to joke around a lot and have fun but when it comes to recovery he continues to be a leader within the community here.
Curt has always been an active alumni of healing properties and recovery boot camp over the years. since coming back Curt has shown much humility, patience and most of all growth. He is a strong member of this community and displays that through action.
Steven has come such a long way since taking action and asking for help. He has had many obstacles to overcome both in and out of recovery. Recovery Boot Camp is proud to have Steve as an Alumni!


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Home Newsroom News and press releases OSCE supported training course for lawyers providing legal assistance to survivors of domestic violence in Tajikistan
OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe
OSCE supported training course for lawyers providing legal assistance to survivors of domestic violence in Tajikistan
Media accreditation to OSCE events
OSCE Live
Lawyers from the OSCE-supported Women's Resource Centres and local authorities at the training course on providing legal assistance to victims of domestic violence, Dushanbe, 15 September 2021. (OSCE/Manizha Tilalova) Photo details
The OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe concluded a four-day training course for lawyers working in the field of domestic violence on 17 September 2021 in Dushanbe. Twenty-one lawyers from the OSCE-supported Women's Resource Centres (WRCs) and local authorities from the Sughd, Khatlon, Rasht Valley regions, and Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan attended.
Participants were familiarized with international and national mechanisms on domestic violence, laws on preventing domestic violence, the concept and definition of domestic violence, ways to identify types of domestic violence and skills for working with victims of domestic violence. Other topics covered were referral mechanisms of the victims to other support service providers according to the needs and mechanisms of recovering compensation for materials and moral damages to survivors of domestic violence in criminal and administrative cases.
"The problem of domestic violence, the protection of the rights of women and children, the prevention of various types of violence, as well as regulatory legal acts are very relevant issues now," said Dilfuza Davronova, specialist at the Department of Law and Work with Personnel of Tajikistan's Committee on Women and Family Affairs in Dushanbe.
Fotima Tojiboeva, expert at the Committee for Women and Family Affairs of local executive body in the city of Isfara said: "For the staff of the Committee and other relevant local authorities and civil society organizations such training is timely and is a benchmark for progress and the implementation of our activities. I have received clear and concise answers to most of the complex legal issues that I faced during supporting the victims of domestic violence."
Maksatullo Hasanov, a lawyer from WRC "Zanoni Sharq" in Penjikent said: "The training provided me with a lot of new information and knowledge about international and UN recommendations on the prevention of domestic violence, the mechanism for the implementation of international legal acts and optional protocols, which is necessary for legal professionals."
The OSCE Programme Office will continue to support the Government of Tajikistan in implementing the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence. The Programme Office provides a comprehensive support to victims of domestic violence in the regions through a network of 14 OSCE-established WRCs in close partnership with local authorities.
The current activity is being implemented within the WRCs project of the OSCE Programme Office funded by Norway, the United States of America, Finland, the European Union, Andorra and Germany.
Munira Shoinbekova
Senior Press and Public Information Assistant
18a Ahmadi Donish Avenue
734012 Dushanbe
Office: +992 37 2265014 /15 /16 /17 /18
Mobile: +992 988040434
Fax: +992 37 2265019
Sign up to receive OSCE Press Releases and Media Advisories by email as soon as they have been published.


Hi can someone advise please. I have a wall light above my bed (very old fashioned) that I wish to remove but not replace. The light switch is underneath but is a 2 gang 2way as it is also for the main bedroom light. Can I disconnect the light whilst leaving all the wiring in place for the main light? I plan having the bedroom decorated in about 6 months time and having the wiring checked/upgraded them by an electrician. Was going to cover the 'hole' up temporarily with a picture.
The worry is safe zones. If the switch shows where wires are then OK, but if not than something to show there is an electric supply must replace it. Could be a simple blank but must show there are wires.