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Dukoral suspension and effervescent granules for oral suspension, Cholera vaccine (inactivated, oral)
Valneva UK Limited contact details
vibrio cholerae
recombinant cholera toxin b subunit
Dukoral suspension and effervescent granules for oral suspension
Cholera vaccine (inactivated, oral)
Each dose of vaccine suspension (3 ml) contains:
– A total of 1.25x1011 bacteria of the following strains:
Vibrio cholerae O1 Inaba, classical biotype (heat inactivated)
31.25x109 bacteria*
Vibrio cholerae O1 Inaba, El Tor biotype (formalin inactivated)
Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa, classical biotype (heat inactivated)
Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa, classical biotype (formalin inactivated)
– Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) 1 mg
(produced in V. cholerae O1 Inaba, classical biotype strain 213.)
* Bacterial count before inactivation.
Excipients:
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate 2.0 mg, disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate 9.4 mg, sodium chloride 26 mg, sodium hydrogen carbonate 3600 mg, sodium carbonate anhydrous 400 mg, saccharin sodium 30 mg, sodium citrate 6 mg.
One dose contains approximately 1.1 g sodium.
For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
Suspension and effervescent granules for oral suspension.
The suspension, supplied in a bottle is whitish. The effervescent granules, supplied in a sachet, are white.
Dukoral is indicated for active immunisation against disease caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 in adults and children from 2 years of age who will be visiting endemic/epidemic areas.
The use of Dukoral should be determined on the basis of official recommendations taking into consideration the variability of epidemiology and the risk of contracting disease in different geographical areas and travelling conditions.
Dukoral should not replace standard protective measures. In the event of diarrhoea measures of rehydration should be instituted.
Primary vaccination schedule
The standard primary course of vaccination with Dukoral against cholera consists of 2 doses for adults and children from 6 years of age. Children 2 to below 6 years of age should receive 3 doses. Doses are to be administered at intervals of at least one week. If more than 6 weeks have elapsed between doses, the primary immunisation course should be re-started.
Immunisation should be completed at least 1 week prior to potential exposure to V. cholerae O1.
Booster dose
For continuous protection against cholera a single booster dose is recommended within 2 years for adults and children from 6 years of age, and within 6 months for children aged 2 to 6 years. No clinical efficacy data has been generated on repeat booster dosing. However, immunological and duration of protection data suggest that if up to 2 years have elapsed since the last vaccination for adults and up to 6 months for children aged 2-6 years a single booster dose should be given. If more than 2 years have elapsed since the last vaccination (more than 6 months for children aged 2-6 years) the primary course should be repeated.
Children less than 2 years
Dukoral has been given to children between 1 and 2 years of age in safety and immunogenicity studies, but the protective efficacy has not been studied in this age group. Therefore, Dukoral is not recommended to be used in children less than 2 years of age.
There are only very limited data on protective efficacy of the vaccine in subjects aged 65 years and more.
The vaccine is intended for oral use. Before ingestion, the vaccine suspension should be mixed with a buffer (sodium hydrogen carbonate) solution. The sodium hydrogen carbonate is supplied as effervescent granules, which should be dissolved in a glass of cool water (approx. 150 ml). Chlorinated water can be used. The vaccine suspension should then be mixed with the buffer solution and drunk within 2 hours. Food and drink should be avoided 1 hour before and 1 hour after vaccination. Oral administration of other medicinal products should be avoided within 1 hour before and 1 hour after administration of Dukoral.
Children 2 to 6 years of age: half of the buffer solution is poured away and the remaining part (approx. 75 ml) is mixed with the entire contents of the vaccine bottle.
Hypersensitivity to the active substances, to any of the excipients or to formaldehyde.
Administration of Dukoral should be postponed for subjects suffering from acute gastrointestinal illness or acute febrile illness.
No clinical data on protective efficacy of Dukoral against cholera after administration of booster doses are available.
Dukoral confers protection specific to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1. Immunisation does not protect against V. cholerae serogroup O139 or other species of Vibrio.
In subjects infected with HIV, limited data are available on immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine. Vaccine protective efficacy has not been studied. Immunisation of HIV infected subjects could result in transient increases of viral load. Dukoral may not induce protective antibody levels in subjects with advanced HIV disease. However, an effectiveness study in a population with high HIV prevalence showed similar protection as in other populations.
Antibody response in vaccinees with endogenous or iatrogenic immunosuppression may be insufficient.
Formaldehyde is used during the manufacturing process and trace amounts may be present in the final product. Caution should be taken in subjects with known hypersensitivity to formaldehyde.
Dukoral contains approximately 1.1 g sodium per dose, which should be taken into consideration by patients on a controlled sodium diet.
The vaccine does not provide complete protection and it is important to adhere additionally to standard protective measures to avoid cholera.
The vaccine is acid labile. Food and/or drink will increase acid production in the stomach and the effect of the vaccine may be impaired. Consequently, food and drink should be avoided 1 hour before and 1 hour after vaccination.
Oral administration of other vaccines and medicinal products should be avoided 1 hour before and 1 hour after administration of Dukoral.
Preliminary results from a clinical study including a limited number of volunteers showed no interaction with the antibody response to Dukoral when a live oral vaccine (enterocapsules) against typhoid was given simultaneously with Dukoral. The immune response to live typhoid vaccine was not investigated in this study. Similarly, a yellow fever vaccine was given concomitantly with Dukoral, and there was no interaction observed with the immune response to the yellow fever vaccine. The immune responses to Dukoral were not studied. No other vaccines/ medicinal products, including oral polio vaccine and antimalarials, have been given simultaneously with Dukoral in clinical studies.
No animal data on reproduction toxicity are available. Following careful benefit/risk assessment the vaccine may be administered during pregnancy and to breast-feeding women although no specific clinical studies have been performed to address this issue.
During a mass-vaccination campaign conducted in Zanzibar, 196 pregnant women had received at least one dose of Dukoral. There was no statistically significant evidence of a harmful effect of Dukoral exposure during pregnancy.
There is no evidence of an effect on the ability to drive and use machines.
The safety of Dukoral was assessed in clinical trials, including both adults and children from 2 years of age, conducted in endemic and non-endemic countries for cholera and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) producing heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). Over 94,000 doses of Dukoral were administered during the clinical trials. Evaluation of safety varied between trials with respect to mode of surveillance, definition of symptoms and time of follow-up. In the majority of studies adverse events were assessed by passive surveillance. The most frequently reported adverse reactions, such as gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, diarrhoea, loose stools, nausea and vomiting, occurred at similar frequencies in vaccine and placebo groups.
Frequency classification: Very common (≥1/10); common (≥1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
Metabolism and nutrition disorder
Loss of /or poor appetite
Drowsiness, insomnia, fainting, reduced sense of taste
Respiratory symptoms (including rhinitis and cough)
Diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, stomach/abdominal gurgling (gas), abdominal discomfort
Vomiting, nausea
Sore throat, dyspepsia
Sweating, rash
Fever, malaise
Fatigue, shivers
Adverse reactions from post-marketing surveillance
Additional adverse reactions reported during post-marketing surveillance are listed below.
Infections and infestations: Gastroenteritis
Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Lymphadenitis
Nervous system disorders: Paraesthesia
Vascular disorders: Hypertension
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Dyspnoea, increased sputum
Gastrointestinal disorders: Flatulence
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Urticaria, angioedema, pruritus
General disorders and administration site conditions: Pain, flu-like syndrome, asthenia, chills
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions (see details below).
Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard
ADR Reporting
Website: www.medicinesauthority.gov.mt/adrportal
Data on overdose are limited. Adverse reactions reported are consistent with those seen after the recommended dosing.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Bacterial vaccines, ATC-code: J07AE01
The vaccine contains killed whole V. cholerae O1 bacteria and the recombinant non-toxic B-subunit of the cholera toxin (CTB). Bacterial strains of both Inaba and Ogawa serotypes and of El Tor and Classical biotypes are included in the vaccine. Dukoral is taken orally with bicarbonate buffer, which protects the antigens from the gastric acid. The vaccine acts by inducing antibodies against both the bacterial components and CTB. The antibacterial intestinal antibodies prevent the bacteria from attaching to the intestinal wall thereby impeding colonisation of V. cholerae O1. The anti-toxin intestinal antibodies prevent the cholera toxin from binding to the intestinal mucosal surface thereby preventing the toxin-mediated diarrhoeal symptoms.
The heat-labile toxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC ) is structurally, functionally and immunologically similar to CTB. The two toxins cross-react immunologically.
Efficacy against cholera
Efficacy against cholera was assessed in three randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials conducted in Bangladesh (endemic region) and in Peru (non-endemic region). The number of patients enrolled, dosage regimens and follow-up periods are shown in the following table.
Study location
Dosage regimen
(Age groups)
3 doses at 6 week intervals
Peru, military
2 doses 7-11 days apart
(18-65 years)
Peru, Pampas
2 doses 2 weeks apart with a booster dose 1 year later
In the Bangladesh field trial, protective efficacy of Dukoral in the overall population was 85% (95%CI: 56, 95, per-protocol analysis) for the initial 6 months of follow-up. Duration of vaccine protection differed by age, lasting for 6 months in children and for 2 years in adults (see table below). An exploratory analysis suggested that 2 vaccine doses seemed as effective as 3 doses in adults.
Table: Protective efficacy against cholera in the Bangladesh study (per-protocol analysis)
Protective efficacy, % (95% CI)
Adults and children >6 year
Children 2-6 years
76 (30, 92)
33 (-23, 64)
In the second trial, conducted in Peru and enrolling military recruits, the short-term protective efficacy against cholera after 2 vaccine doses was 85% (95%CI: 36, 97, per-protocol analysis). The third study, a field trial conducted in Peru, failed to show any protective efficacy against cholera during the first year. Following a booster dose 10-12 months after primary immunisation, the protective efficacy during the second year was 60.5% (95%CI: 28,79).
Protective effectiveness against cholera was evaluated during two mass-vaccination campaigns conducted in Mozambique (December 2003 – January 2004) and Zanzibar (February 2009 – May 2010).
In the case-control study conducted during the mass vaccination campaign in Mozambique, protective effectiveness of 2 doses of Dukoral was 84% (95% CI: 43, 95, per-protocol analysis; p=0.005) for the initial 5 months of follow-up.
In the longitudinal cohort-analysis conducted during the mass-vaccination campaign in Zanzibar, protective effectiveness after 2 doses of Dukoral was 79% (95% CI, 47, 92) for a follow-up period of 15 months. In addition to the direct protection, it was shown that Dukoral provides significant indirect (herd) protection in the studied setting.
Protective efficacy of Dukoral against cholera has not been studied following repeated booster vaccination.
No established immunological correlates of protection against cholera after oral vaccination have been identified. There is a poor correlation between serum antibody responses, including vibriocidal antibody response, and protection. Locally produced secretory IgA antibodies in the intestine probably mediate protective immunity.
The vaccine induced intestinal antitoxin IgA responses in 70-100% of vaccinated subjects. Serum vibriocidal antibodies against the bacterial components were seen in 35-55% of vaccinated subjects and antitoxic antibodies in 78-87% of vaccinated subjects. A booster dose elicited an anamnestic response indicative of an immune memory. The duration of the immunological memory was estimated to last for at least 2 years in adults.
No preclinical safety testing with the vaccine has been conducted.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate
Disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate
Effervescent granules:
Sodium carbonate, anhydrous
Raspberry flavour
Dukoral should only be mixed with the supplied effervescent granules dissolved in water. In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.
After the effervescent granules have been dissolved in water and the vaccine suspension has been added, the mixture should be drunk within 2 hours.
Store in a refrigerator (2°C – 8°C).
Product in the unopened bottle and sachet, stored in the outer carton, is stable at temperatures up to 25°C for a period of 14 days. At the end of this period the product should be used or discarded.
The vaccine suspension is filled in a volume of 3 ml in bottles (type I glass) with a rubber stopper (bromobutyl rubber) and a screw cap.
The effervescent granules are filled in an amount of 5.6 g in sachets with an inner layer of polyester/LD-polyethylene and an outer layer of aluminium/LD-polyethylene.
Each dose of vaccine is supplied with one sachet of effervescent granules.
Pack sizes: 1x1 dose, 2x1 dose, 20x1 dose
The effervescent granules should be dissolved in approximately 150 ml of cool water. The vaccine bottle should be shaken gently and the vaccine suspension should then be added to the buffer solution and mixed well to obtain a colourless slightly opalescent solution.
Valneva Sweden AB
EU/1/03/263/001-003
Date of first authorisation: 28 April 2004
Date of latest renewal: 25 March 2009
Detailed information on this medicinal product is available on the website of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) http://www.ema.europa.eu/.
Valneva UK Limited
Oakbank Park Road, Livingston, Scotland, EH53 0TG
+ enquiries +44 (0)1506 446 608
http://www.valnevauk.co.uk


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DirecTV In Negotiations To Keep Part Of NFL Sunday Ticket
Sean Payton Tells Colin Cowherd He Talked To Teams About Jobs While Working For FOX
NFL Releases Divisional Round Playoff Schedule
"DirecTV would end up paying way less than what its currently paying the NFL if the provider becomes the commercial rights holder."
Last week news of Google-owned YouTube taking over the rights to NFL Sunday Ticket became official, but it appears that DirecTV isn't bowing out completely from the service.
Residential rights to the subscription service will be with YouTube. Google is reportedly going to pay the NFL $2 billion a season over the next seven years. But the commercial aspect of Sunday Ticket, which involves the more than 300,000 restaurants and sports bars across the country, looks to be a separate deal in the making.
DirecTV had been the home to Sunday Ticket since the service's inception in 1994. Under this new agreement for residential rights with Google, the NFL will retain the commercial rights. Front Office Sports reports the league is seeking as much as $200 million for commercial rights.
"The NFL retains the commercial rights to 'Sunday Ticket' and are in the midst of a very competitive process for that," an NFL spokesperson told FOS.
DirecTV would end up paying way less than what its currently paying the NFL if the provider becomes the commercial rights holder. If $200 million is the price tag, the math over seven years comes out to just over $28.5 million a year. DirecTV paid the league $1.5 billion in the final year of its current all-encompassing deal.
Jordan Bondurant is a features reporter for Barrett Sports Media. He works full-time as a multimedia specialist at the Virginia State Corporation Commission, while also putting in part-time work for News Radio WRVA and 910 The Fan in Richmond. Additionally, you can find Jordan contributing coverage of the Washington Capitals for the blog NoVa Caps. His prior media experiences include working for the Richmond Times-Dispatch, the Danville Register & Bee, Virginia Lawyers Weekly and ABC 8News. He can be reached by email at jordan.e.bondurant@gmail.com or follow him on Twitter @J__Bondurant.
Related Topics:Barrett Sports MediaDirecTVGoogleSports TelevisionSunday TicketYouTube
Bob Costas, Joe Buck Not Interested In Being Cardinals TV Voice
Dan Orlovsky Says Stephen A. Smith Interrupted His Christmas To Talk Football
"I do think he had some regret over not taking a two- or three-year hiatus last year and taking one of the big TV jobs. Amazon? Maybe FOX? But if he really wanted to jump after winning the Super Bowl, he would have."
L.A. Rams head coach Sean McVay will remain at his post for the 2023-24 season. The team tweeted that news Friday afternoon, seeming to, at least for now, put the rumors of McVay leaving coaching for a TV job to rest.
ProFootballTalk's Peter King wrote in Football Morning in America on Monday that McVay understands the kind of position on television he's looking for may not necessarily be there for him.
"I don't think that was the only thing about TV that appealed to him, but I don't think McVay was interested in being Just a Guy on TV," King wrote. "I do think he had some regret over not taking a two- or three-year hiatus last year and taking one of the big TV jobs. Amazon? Maybe FOX? But if he really wanted to jump after winning the Super Bowl, he would have."
King noted that McVay has been told to "Do what makes you happy" by folks with the Rams. He also said he believes coaching is what Makes McVay happy. Especially with a chance to shake up his coaching staff and being involved in trying to bring the team back from a 5-12 season in their follow-up campaign to winning the Super Bowl.
"He wants to be challenged, and this staff wasn't doing it," King said. "Offensive coordinator Liam Coen may not have been what McVay wanted in an OC—a coach who would challenge him and bring new ideas to him—and that could be why he's going back to the University of Kentucky as a coordinator."
"Salters has been with ESPN for almost 23 years. She started as a general assignment reporter before moving to sideline reporting in 2006."
Monday night's Cowboys/Bucs wild card playoff game set a new milestone for ESPN sideline reporter Lisa Salters.
The network tweeted that Salters completed her 11th season in that role. That makes her the longest tenured reporter in Monday Night Football history.
Tonight's #DALvsTB game concludes Lisa Salters' 11th NFL season working the sidelines for ESPN – the longest tenured reporter in Monday Night Football history. pic.twitter.com/q71nqPkxbQ
— ESPN PR (@ESPNPR) January 17, 2023
"When I first got the call to do Monday Night Football, I would have never thought that 10 years later I would still be doing it," Salters said last year in a video reminiscing on ten years on Monday Night Football. "I was at home and I got a phone call from my boss Vince Doria and he said, 'Hey, I was wondering if you would be interested in being a sideline reporter for Monday Night Football', and I couldn't believe what he just asked me."
Salters is also featured on network coverage of the NBA, something she's been doing since 2005.
"The decision to continue with 4/5 games in the Monday night window came down to convenience."
ESPN has only carried NFL playoff games on Monday night for two seasons but has been a part of wild card weekends dating back to the 2014-15 campaign.
With the exception of one season, a 4-seed versus 5-seed matchup has always been covered by the Monday Night Football broadcast team in that stretch of nine seasons. That continued with Cowboys/Bucs this year.
In 2021-22, with the NFL expanding the playoff field to seven teams, the first Monday night playoff game was played. The Rams cruised past the Cardinals 34-11.
Last week, the decision was the source of much speculation. TV executives shared a number of theories about why ESPN landed the game that had the most star power in the Super Wild Card round of the playoffs.
Andrew Marchand of the New York Post wrote that no speculation was necessary. The decision to continue with 4/5 games in the Monday night window came down to convenience. The new format, the games that have a likelihood of altering seeding for the divisional rounds have already been played.
The 4/5 games this weekend proved to be pretty entertaining. The Jaguars rallied from down 27 to beat the Chargers. Al Michaels and Tony Dungy were ripped on social media for how they called a particularly exhilarating game for NBC. So it turns out Joe Buck and Troy Aikman would've called either one of the weekend's best games.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The next British General Election will almost certainly be called the first 'real' internet election, on the grounds that the 'internet election' of 2001 happened when relatively few people had home network connections, while the 2005 poll took place before the social media explosion brought us Facebook, MySpace and a growing belief that anyone who is tired of twitter is tired of life.
One unfortunate consequence of this will be that anyone who claims a passing acquaintance with the network world will be called upon as a pundit, commentator or 'expert' to interpret the parties' online activity and tell an eager public who is 'up' and who is 'down' when it comes to internet campaigning.
I know this is the case because I've already been asked myself, and a well known technology consultant of my acquaintance is being lined up for the role too.
However such people should not be taken too seriously by those concerned with the eventual outcome. Although I run the danger of talking myself out of a job, I want to say clearly that the election, whenever it happens, will not be an internet election in the sense beloved of headline writers, over-enthusiastic news editors or those with campaigning tools to sell.
It will, rather like the 2008 US Presidential Election, be a general election in which online tools and services are used by those seeking to influence the electorate and by those charged with the responsibliity of deciding which candidate to vote for.
It will be an election in which a significant proportion of the population gets information about the parties, the candidates and the issues from online sources, and where they use social media tools to share information and debate the issues.
And it will certainly be an election where those who want to campaign actively for a particular party or candidate will use the internet to do so, often to the point of irritation and annoyance for those who want to get on with their normal activities during the brief period when are encourage to think about how we exercise the five seconds of democratic power we get given twice a decade.
But anything that happens online will only matter as part of the broader context of electioneering, and party political broadcasts, news coverage, posters, leaflets and meetings will be just as significant.
Sadly, this will not stop stop the online campaigning. Once the election is called I firmly expect Twitter to be overwhelmed with twibbons and campaign pledges while flame wars break out on Facebook and the US owners of these global services watch, bemused, from the sidelines and wonder what has happened to excite all their UK users.
Some candidates will see their chances of election vanish under the onslaught of a YouTube campaign featuring video of them in an unflattering light, or saying something that contradicts the party platform. Others will react badly to the pressure coming from online and lash out via email or tweet, only to suffer the consequences.
And the parties themselves will spend vast amounts of money, time and volunteer energy on websites, groups, mailing lists and the other paraphenalia of the modern online campaign, partly because of a superstitious belief in the influencing power of the Facebook status update, partly because everyone else will be doing it and opting out would be too risky.
But their work will largely go unremarked upon except by the army of commentators and pundits – myself included, I fear – who have to find something about the network to talk about on TV or radio. It will not shift many votes or have a marked influence on the actual campaigns, and much as I would like questions of network neutrality, online surveillance and penalties for unlicensed downloading to be major campaign issues, I'm enough of a political realist to know that the argument about the economy will matter much, much more.
Of course just because the internet will not be the defining tool of the various election campaigns doesn't mean it won't be used and it won't be important. But in the brief period since the last UK election we seem to have crossed an important threshold when it comes to the way we use the net in our daily lives, and as a result we have passed the point were we could have had a real 'internet election'.The network, with all its many flaws and problems, is now part of daily life for many people, whether because they use it at work or school, have a computer at home, lug a laptop and 3G dongle around wherever they go or simply update Facebook and read email on their mobile.
A lot of people are using the internet without thinking about the fact that they are using the internet, and if they use the net during the election they will think about the politics, not about the technology.
Some years ago I used to teach arts organisations about internet marketing, trying to help them make some sense of the emerging network world. After a while I realised that any organisation that spent time developing an 'internet strategy' for their marketing had already failed, because a good marketing strategy was one that saw network tools as another collection of channels to reach audiences and potential audiences, not something in isolation.
An effective arts marketing strategy should incorporate all the online elements, not try to separate them out and treat them as somehow special. It's the same for political activity, and with luck those currently devising the electoral strategies will not be thinking about setting up an 'internet unit' but will be considering how to reach swing voters and how to ensure that their message is properly disseminated, and they will choose the right technology for the job irrespective of whether or not it is digital or online.
So don't believe anyone who turns up after the event to claim that it was 'the internet wot won it'.
You make many very good points, though I think you are a little unfair to *some* political campaigners and their use of the internet. There are some who've been trying out different things for many years now and, fortified with seeing the real results in real elections, will be ploughing away once again at the next general election.
On past experience, I'd say that most of them will be prioritising local email lists above other tools – less glamorous, doesn't get the media hype, but when done well very effective.


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Welcome to TJS
TJS at a Glance
Blending our unique.
Diversity fuels the learning and growth of every mind, body and spirit in the The Joshua School community. Our commitment to inclusion across race, ethnicity, color, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, age, national origin, disability, religion and veteran status encourages our team members to bring their authentic selves to work each day. We see, hear and celebrate the benefit of all perspectives. We work together in good times and hard times to ensure our experiences build an environment where we all flourish.
The Joshua School has formed a Diversity and Inclusion Council to ensure that we are listening, learning and acting in a way that supports all diverse communities. That Advisory Board meets to discuss how we can act to remove systemic barriers in our workplace, reach out in the community to provide opportunity and begin to better educate ourselves on how to practice inclusion and diversity. The Advisory Board also prepared a statement that represents the The Joshua School commitment to a culture of inclusion and diversity.
The Joshua School opposes all forms of racism and in reflecting on recent events, TJS stands in solidarity with the African American community in the fight against racism, social injustice and systemic barriers. We wholeheartedly support our Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) staff members, students and families, as well as the community at large, in their efforts to seek immediate change in policy at the state and federal levels to save black lives.
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Fernando Gutierrez currently organizes efforts of the Dash Core Team in Legal and User Support areas, but dabbles in any other activity that he can contribute to, specially Marketing. He has been in the team for more than three years and can no longer remember life before Dash.
Besides Dash, he invests in real estate and co-owns a video games company. In the past he held several positions in sales, marketing and business development at one of the largest telecom companies in the world where he was part of a high potential management development program. He is a registered lawyer and economist.


What "off-computer" activities are available at the iD Coding and Engineering Academy?
Our teen Academies are academic programs, but we also create a fun summer experience. The intensive curriculum and lab time are balanced with summer camp activities like gaming tournaments, outdoor sports, movie nights, and more. This is a teen-only program, so we try to allow students as much freedom as possible in shaping their own weeks—but students are supervised.


2009 was quite a benchmark year for me. In May of that year, I resolved to get into shape by hiking 100 times in 240 days. After 417 trail miles through 3 states and 3 countries, I lost 25 pounds and gained invaluable lessons about myself and hiking. This project predates TheHikeGuy.com and was blogged at my other site, 100hikes.com. I still have a lot of stories I intend on telling about that project.
By January, I decided to aim high again with a few lofty goals: To join a search and rescue team, to hike 500 trail miles by the end of 2010, and to hike with 150 people. I wasn't able to complete all of them, but felt good at what I did accomplish. It was a fantastic feeling to hike my 500th mile of the year in New Zealand on my birthday… a full three weeks ahead of schedule.
At the beginning of 2011, I had again thrown down the gauntlet and was energized at completing new goals for the year. All was on track until April, when I was laid off from my employer of six years. Things changed drastically for the better. I raised the bar and, instead of resolving to summit Mt. Whitney, I resolved to hike the Pacific Crest Trail as far north as possible. On October 6th, after hiking for 159 days and over 1,700 miles (including the summit of Mt. Whitney), I proudly ended my journey and felt that I accomplished something beyond anything I'd ever done before.
I fell in love with the Sierra Nevada while hiking the PCT. I wanted to return and explore the mountains more extensively. In June, I headed in via Walker Pass and spent the next 42 days zigzagging up the mountain range. I had to cut my trek short, only hiking about 350 miles rather than the planned 500, but had an amazing time nonetheless. After exiting the Sierra at Bishop Pass, I hitchhiked home to central Oregon, an adventure unto itself!
For my latest goal, I'm determined to hike 100 times and 700 trail miles by 2014. Instead of carrying a card with the hike's number on it, as I did in 2009, for this project I will be making the number out of material I find on that particular hike. I am blogging the project here as well as at 100hikes.com.
I look forward to sharing my next adventures with you. Stick around!


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Q: Float value with 2 decimal places causes infinite loop I'm trying to write a method that changes font-size in a html string. When I click "minus" button, I multiply the current size with 0.8, when I click "plus" button, I multiply the current size with 1.25!
The problem is at the htmlStyle.replace(pos, length, newString); line, at the 'newString' parameter. I figured out, that if I pass a string which contains a number in string format which was multiplied with for example 1.2, that's ok. But if I pass a number in string format which was multiplied with 1.22 or 1.34 or any floating point number with two decimal places, it causes an infinite loop and the app crashes.
I really don't get what's the problem here, since these are strings, and problem occurs after the 'newString' was calculated successfully.
Any ideas? I tried to figure this for 2 days, but I'm still clueless...
Here's the full method:
QString RichTextSize::setSizes(QString htmlStyle, float multiplier)
{
    QRegExp rx("(\\d+)pt");
    int pos = 0, length = 0;
    QString newString;

    while ((pos = rx.indexIn(htmlStyle, pos)) != -1) {
        length = rx.cap(1).length();
        newString.setNum(rx.cap(1).toInt()*multiplier);
        htmlStyle.replace(pos, length, newString);
        pos += rx.matchedLength();
    }
    return htmlStyle;
}

EDIT: I got a notification about a possible duplicate question. Well, my problem is not floating point math, but it's realted to float somehow. Floating point operations work without problems. When the trouble happens, that's with a float number converted to string. It converts successfully, but in the 'replace()' method it causes infinite loop. It's realted to floating point decimal places somehow, but since that operation works and problem is with a string converted from that number, I don't understand what happens here.

A: You're using pos as an iterator on the string, yet by modifying the string you're invalidating the iterator. The loop is not guaranteed to terminate anymore. And, as you've found out, it doesn't.
The invalid assumption you're making, can be made explicit:
while ((pos = rx.indexIn(htmlStyle, pos)) != -1) {
    length = rx.cap(1).length();
    newString.setNum(rx.cap(1).toInt()*multiplier);
    htmlStyle.replace(pos, length, newString);
    Q_ASSERT(rx.matchedLength() == newString.size());
    pos += rx.matchedLength();
}

As soon as that assertion doesn't hold, the loop might not terminate anymore, or you might be accessing the string past its length, etc.
You should ideally iterate a constant string, so that the iterator stays valid, and build a new output string. This will be faster, too.
Another alternative is to fix the iterator update so that it doesn't get invalidated. Hint: pos += rx.matchedLength() is based on an invalidated part of the string: it was true right before the htmlStyle.replace, but isn't anymore. Perhaps you meant pos += newString.size().

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


On my way to Middlesbrough for a skills update course.
I remember now just how much I hate traveling.
King's Cross, the most revolting station concourse in the country and I was stuck there waiting for a connection for about two hours.
And just traveling in general. Dreadful.


text:
Energy and Power Engineering
Vol.6 No.9(2014), Article ID:49553,9 pages DOI:10.4236/epe.2014.69019
Solar Driven Wind Speed Monitoring System Using Wireless or Wired Sensors
Federico Hahn, Mauricio Pablo, José Reyes
Department of Irrigation, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Texcoco, México
Email: fhahn@correo.chapingo.mx
Received 29 June 2014; revised 31 July 2014; accepted 11 August 2014
Instrumented towers are being constructed to characterize vertical wind profiles in order to improve the understanding and characterization of a desired environment up to 100 m. The site being measured is at a height of 2500 m over sea level, in one side of Sierra Madre Oriental, which crosses Mexico from North to South. As the site has no energy, it was powered by a photovoltaic system. Power consumption of two sets of sensors fixed at the tower was evaluated. The first sensor set consisted of a pulsed anemometer and a RH sensor having a 0 - 10 V output; these sensors used cables for transmitting the output signals. Three cup anemometers fixed at 25, 35 and 45 m high measured wind speed. Wireless sensors in the second set, requires of a power consumption and battery life study. Solar cells energized the sensors, becoming the installation and operation easier. The datalogger that acquired the RH and T measurements encountered an 11% voltage loss throughout the cable; cup anemometer measurements did not show variations due to its pulsed signals. Wireless sensors drew less energy from the PV system, resulting in battery overcharge. A dump regulator turned-on a 200 W lamp during the night when the battery voltage reached 14 V; the lamp was turned-off when the battery voltage felt beneath 11.5 V. Considering the high wind available, wireless sensors batteries were charged by small wind turbines combined with 5 W solar panels.
Keywords:Wind Tower, Wireless Anemometers, Battery Regulator
Wind has been used to commercially produce energy in North America since the early 1970s and is one of the most rapidly growing sectors of the energy industry [1] . Wind turbines generate electricity without many of the negative environmental impacts associated with other energy sources (e.g., air and water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions associated with global warming and climate change). Towers are used as platforms to characterize vertical profiles of wind conditions within 200 m of the ground, which is the layer in which wind turbines operate. Measurements are done to improve the understanding and characterization of the desired environment and wind speed data are recorded for a period of one year. Air quality monitoring programs for uranium mines and mills [2] also use 200 m towers and EPA [3] recommend monitoring for hourly average wind speed, wind direction, vertical wind speed, temperature, temperature gradient, relative humidity, solar radiation and precipitation.
There are currently two technologies being used for wind farm site evaluations and for installed turbine monitoring. The first is point measurements on a vertical mast and the second remotely senses wind speed from an instrument placed on the ground [4] . The quality of remote sensing instruments is generally judged by performing an inter-comparison experiment [5] ; wind speed and direction are measured at several heights by cup anemometers on a mast together with measurements by a remote sensing instrument where a number of sampling volumes are centered on the same heights as the mast measurements. Differences between winds measured by mast sensors and remote sensors can arise from a number of causes. For example differences exist when remote sensing takes place in presence of background noise or when differences between scalar (cup-type) and vector component (remote-type) measurements over spatially distribute volumes [5] .
A wireless sensor network [6] [7] is a collection of distributed sensors that monitor environmental conditions and cooperatively pass their data wirelessly to a central hub. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are advantageous over RFID technologies in many ways as WSN enables long range communication over multi-hop networks, scattering the communicatory energy consumption among the tags; wireless sensor networks offer more flexible coverage than RFID technologies. Using the technology available today, a typical wireless node consumes from 50 mW to 90 mW of power when both the radio and the microcontroller are in the active mode. Radio transmission and reception are the higher power consumption systems for two popular wireless sensor nodes [8] . The radio of a MICAz consumes as much as 59.1 mW of power in the RX mode. The energy source that offers the best potential for harvesting is direct outdoor sunlight (at a rate of 37 mW); this rate is still well below the wireless sensor nodes full operational power requirements of 83.1 mW in MICAz. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the wireless sensor node to a level at which it can operate solely using harvested energy, a practical, ultra-low duty cycle communication protocol is required [9] . A wireless system could be combined with electrical, mechanical and environmental monitoring sensors to be a part of a remote, multi-panel, centralized plant monitoring, and control system. Data from the sensors are transmitted via wireless technology to a central monitoring station using satellite Internet [10] . Various performance monitoring systems consisting of sensors and other photo-operated devices like op-amp 741 circuitry, photo-transistors, photo sensors, etc., can be integrated and a PV module used to power them.
The power supply is usually the largest and most expensive component of the emerging wireless sensor nodes being also the limiting factor on the lifetime of the sensor node; replacing batteries in every device every year or two is simply cost prohibitive. Battery development challenges must maintain (or increase) its performance, while decreasing size; for example, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory a process is developed to deposit a primary thin film lithium battery onto a chip in the form of a traditional Volta pile [11] . Research is being carried out to substitute batteries by using ultra-capacitors [12] , hydrocarbon-based fuels [13] , micro heat engine-based power generation small systems [14] [15] and photovoltaic systems. Single crystal silicon solar cells exhibit efficiencies of 15% - 20% under high light conditions and are better suited to the spectrum of light available outdoors [16] . Lithium ion batteries are widely used for wireless applications [17] but many options may be mostappropriate for a given application and diverse energy harvesting systems should be considered. Remote monitoring of airplanes and turbines for aging, malfunction, defect and preventive maintenance uses wireless sensors with photovoltaic cells [18] -[21] .
Monitoring equipment in space, rivers, sea, ponds and remote sites require a power source without physical wires. Although batteries can be used for its sensor nodes, its great drawback is the short lifetime [22] . The energy in batteries will exhaust and the sensor nodes will die after a certain time. To make the system last longer solar energy is used to supply the energy for the sensor nodes. The advantage of solar energy over other forms of environmental energy is that the available solar energy can be predicted [23] allowing to plan and optimize the future sensing activity, in order to achieve a more sustainable operation. Many wireless systems have been applied successfully using solar energy in aquaculture [24] [25] . Buoy or bottom-anchored systems powered by solar energy provide long-term monitoring of water quality using integrated with multi-parameter water quality sensors [26] .
This paper uses a solar panel to supply energy for a datalogger and set of sensors composed of anemometers and RH at 25, 35 and 45 m sensors. Two different groups of sensors were used, one that transmit the information through a cable and another group of wireless sensors. A charger helps to avoid overcharge of the battery as the system fails when the battery voltage is higher than 15 V.
2.1. Sampling Tower and Sensors
The site where the tower was fixed was located at the coordinates 19˚27'11.8" north and 98˚48'12.61" west almost at the top of the "Sierra Madre Oriental" being the height 2820 m, Figure 1. The tower was constructed of triangular steel rods so that someone could go up and install the sensors measuring wind speed at three heights: 25 m, 35 m, and 45 m using cup anemometers, Figure 2(a).
Two different configurations were used to measure wind speed, temperature and relative humidity: normal sensors and wireless sensors. In the former configuration Novus RHT-WM sensors and 014 cup anemometers were employed to measure temperature, relative humidity and wind speed; temperature and RH measured values were obtained in a 0 - 10 V format and acquired every 30 seconds with a Hioki datalogger. The cup anemometer presented wind speed data in a pulsed format which was also sampled every 30 seconds by the same datalogger. Data stored in the datalogger was downloaded after one month to a computer. As the equipment was mounted in the field, a PV equipment was required to power the system.
A three-cup anemometer model 014 A [27] measured horizontal wind speed; rotation of the cup wheel opens and closes a reed switch at a rate proportional to wind speed. One cup anemometer was fixed at 25 m, another at 35 and the third one at a height of 45 m. A 15 volt power supply fed the anemometer and pulses were counted by a datalogger. Information arrived from the sensors through a 2-cable (AWG-10) surrounded with shield to avoid EMC noise. The NOVUS transmitter RHT-WM is a microprocessor based instrument that incorporate highaccurate and stable sensors whose readings are converted to linear 0 - 10 Vdc, Figure 2(b); HR and temperature are measured with this sensor. RH accuracy is 3% in the 20% - 80% HR range, with a repeatability of ±1% RH and stability lower than 1% per year [28] ; its response time is 4 seconds in slow moving air. The temperature can be measured between −40˚C and 120˚C, with accuracy better than ±1˚C from 10˚C to 40˚C. Temperature repeatability is of ±0.1˚C and its response time of 30 seconds.
The T24-WSS wireless wind speed sensor (Figure 2(b)) is built using 2.4 Ghz wireless technology and operates alongside any T24 device such as base stations, analogue output, GPRS data loggers and others. The device sleeps between transmissions to maximize battery life in the field having a wireless range of up to 200 meters. The wind speed sensor features a high quality 3-cup rotor pressed on a stainless steel shaft with rugged Delrin body and bronze Rulon bushings; it is housed in an IP65 case [29] . The output value of the anemometer comes pre-calibrated and can be configured to the user's requirements; it measures in the 2.235 to 55.85 ms−1 range. Its
Figure 1. Place where the tower was installed.
Figure 2. Tower monitoring RH, air speed and temperature with (a) cabled sensors and with (b) wireless sensors.
accuracy is 0.22 ms−1 from 2.2 to 4.46 ms−1 and ±4% from 4.46 to 55.85 ms−1. The T24-WSS is powered either from internal batteries or an external supply; a solar panel is used for applications when batteries cannot be substituted. Sample time should be 1 second for measuring wind speeds of 3 m/s. The T24-WSS is factory set to sample the anemometer every 5 seconds; running continuously the batteries in the module will last 1 month and 11 days (based on Duracell LR20 D Cells).
The wireless humidity (RH) sensor model MNS-9-RH (blue box in Figure 2(b)) has a 10 cm wire antenna, transmits up to 100 m at 900 or 433 MHz. The operating temperature ranges from −7˚C to 60˚C, being is accuracy of 0.7˚C in the 10˚C - 40˚C. Although the sensor can measure from 0 to 100% RH, the best RH accuracy of 2% is achieved in the 50% - 90% range; it increases to 3% in the 40% - 50% range and the 90% - 95% RH [30] . If every 12 bit measurement consumes 26.6 µA and is done and transmitted every minute the energy consumed per hour is 2.1 A obtained from (60 × (26.6 µA + 35 mA)); it will require 50.4 A per day (Table 1). The sensor is connected through a USB cable to a computer which has to be on. With a two LR20 D Duracell of 10 Ahr with 1 second interval it will last 8 days; for 5 second interval it will last 1 month.
In order to bring a Wi-Fi device compatible with the T24-WSS wireless wind speed sensor a MOWI sensor was used (white box in Figure 2(b)). The transmission rate is reduced as a datalogger is inside. It transmitted up to 75 m at 2.4 Ghz, and its power use during transmission and reception was 180 mA and 35 mA, respectively. It has an installed datalogger that can save up to 50,000 readings. Its accuracy is better than the MD016 being of 1.8% in the 10% - 95% RH [31] ; its response time is of 8 seconds. A measurement was taken every ten seconds and saved in datalogger. If every 10 minutes the data is transmitted, 1.080 A per hour will be consumed due to the transmission. If the 360 data are recorded per hour and sent every 6 hours, the consumed energy for transmission will be 180 mA; the entire day energy consumption will be 720 mA (Table 1).
2.2. PV System
The solar panel and battery size required by photovoltaic system depends on the total charge of the system, Figure 3. In the first system consisting of three pulsed anemometers and three NOVUS RHT-WM transmitters, the energy demand per day was 124 W. The datalogger Hioki 8430 used 10 VA during charging and the power supply that fed the anemometers used 15 VDC@ 0.5 A. If the power supply works 24 hours and the datalogger 5 hours a day, the total consumption of sensors, datalogger and power supply is 364 Watts per day. Considering a safety factor of 20% and a DC voltage of 12 V, the charge is 36.4 Ah. Considering 3 days of autonomy gives a total of 109.2 Ah. If the discharge factor DoD is 0.7 than the batteries will require to provide 156 Ah. A J198 Endurant deep cycle battery will provide 185 Ah. With 5 daily hours having an irradiation over 1000 Wm−2, it will require 3 panels of 50 W. As the solar panel was located at latitude of 19˚ the panel was fixed with a slope of 19˚.
The wireless system will not require any energy for the sensors and it will require a small laptop of 25 W
Table 1 . Different sensor energy consumed per day.
Figure 3. Photovoltaic system installed in the tower.
representing a daily consumption of 200 W, as it requires charging every 3 hours. The same system can be used and small panels feed each anemometer and RH MOWI.
3.1. Sensor Operation
Sensors connected with cables worked well although cables present problems during installation. Cables were fixed with plastic strips and after two weeks the sun, rain and environmental conditions broke them down. The cable was fixed to the tower with nylamid rings avoiding damage and EMC noise in the measurements. As the distance from the higher Novus RHT-WM sensor to the Hioki datalogger was 40 m and the output was a DC voltage, a voltage loss was noted, representing a 11% lower RH than the one provided by the wireless sensor, Figure 4. Both type of anemometers provided good results, and pulses were not lost in the wired system. It can be noted in Figure 5 that wind speed is similar in height of 45 and 35 m. There appeared moments where speed was over 8 m at 25 m of height.
Wireless sensors are capable of collecting data instead of traditional cabled sensors, but do not function as exact replacements. Without wires, wireless sensors are often dependent on internally stored (battery) power for operation [32] . However, the batteries cannot be changed at 40 or 50 m high, so solar cells and small turbine generators were used. With wireless sensors the power consumption from the battery decreased and as a result the battery got overcharged and one day it didn't work. It was necessary to develop an intelligent dump charger for the battery.
Figure 4. Relative humidity of wireless and wired sensors at the same height.
Figure 5. Wind speed measurement at different heights with the wireless sensors.
3.2. Battery Dump Controller
The controller maintained constant current to charge the battery, whose voltage varied from 11.5 to 15 V and the charging current from the solar energy systems fluctuated significantly. The battery lifetime can last several years if it is not discharged below 80% of the fully charged capacity, and that it is not overcharged more than 10%. The low cut-off voltage for the controller was 11.5 V, which for a new battery will be at 30% of the full charge capacity [33] . However, since the solar system will be continually charging the battery during the day when it is sunny, the cut-off 11.5 V should seldom be reached; at night battery discharges and the cut-off limit can be reached. A dump load consisting of a resistive element (lamp) capable of dissipating 200 W was installed to absorb the excess renewable energy and protect the batteries from overcharging. To implement the controller an ARDUINO MEGA based on an ATMEGA 2560 microcontroller was used. The block diagram of the system is shown in Figure 6.
When the voltage from the battery is over 14 volts, it turns on the 200 W lamps to discharge the battery. This operation lasts until it is 12.5 V at night and 11.5 V during the day. The difference is due to the recharge that is obtained by the solar panel during the day and the lack of charge left to acquire the data during the night. The solid state relay is more efficient than normal relays and can be fed with a voltage as low as 3 VDC. To detect day or night a photocell was used. The PV system used 150 W for three days of autonomy, meaning that with 50 W will be enough if all the days were sunny. In these areas almost 70% of the time is cloudy and sunny per periods, so it is needed to assure its proper operation.
Figure 6. Block diagram and Arduino Mega connections.
Considering the high winds present during all day (Figure 5) fans were installed with a simple generator and were able to charge the batteries of the sensors instead of the 5 W solar cells. Both systems were used in order to avoid loss of information. Seven months have been monitored searching whether a wind turbine can be installed to supply energy to the University campus.
Wind monitoring towers have to be installed in places where no electricity is available. Even though PV power can be 5 - 10 times more expensive than grid power generated from hydropower generating plants, PV becomes more economical for remote customers. The costs to extend electrical lines from the grid are in the order of $27,000 per mile [34] , so photovoltaic systems become a reality. Hybrid photovoltaic ultra-capacitor sources has been designed theoretically and experimentally [35] . Although capacitors are more robust than batteries, the hybrid source should supply pulses. Super-capacitors offer a much higher power density than batteries because of their low equivalent series resistance (ESR); however, compared to batteries capacitors offer a lower energy density which makes them less suitable as single energy storing devices [23] . A typical super-capacitor offers more than half a million charge cycles and a 10-year operational lifetime until the capacity is reduced by only 20%; capacitors therefore require very little maintenance.
Harvesting of electrical energy from aphotovoltaic cell to power wireless sensors by means of super-capacitors is promising [36] . A single photovoltaic cell of reduced size provides the upstream current, and a predictive model is established to assess the amount of energy needed to power the wireless sensor. The number of cycles increases with the irradiance as the photovoltaic electricity production gets higher [37] . A small shift in the first cycle cumulates with the number of cycles due to the sensitivity to temperature of the storage capacitor [38] . The Bologna energy scavenger won't charge until the capacitor reaches 2.5 V which is the maximum voltage allowed by the super-capacitor. When the capacitor voltage gets too close to the solar cell voltage, the latter drops and starts to follow the capacitor voltage with a constant voltage difference between them [23] . Energy from solar cells (SMH-8-0450) with an active area of 23 cm2 is stored in super-capacitors [39] . If the maximum power of the solar cell is 418 mW ± 10%, the time required to fully charge the super-capacitor will then be about 8 minutes and 8 seconds under ideal conditions (sunlight of 1 kW/m2). Current flow is configurable by the wireless node to charge the super capacitor or battery from solar energy as well as send power from the battery to the super capacitor for night operation [40] .
Solar energy was used to supply the requirements of a wind monitoring system composed of anemometers, RH and temperature. The tower measures wind speed and environmental variables at 25, 35 and 45 m. Initially, the tower had to be cabled in order to connect the sensors with the datalogger and the power supply. However, it was difficult to maintain the cable gripped to the tower due to the strong winds in the region; at the beginning trying to avoid noise due to EMC, plastic strips were added but rain and sun destroyed them. Later nylamid rings maintained the cable in the right position. Transmission of the voltage obtained from the RH sensors showed an 11% loss at the entrance of the datalogger, so measurements were not precise. The use of wireless sensors was practical consuming very little energy. The solar panels of the PV system overcharged the battery, so a dump charger having a 200 W lamp was designed. A hybrid system of a 5 W solar cell and a turbine generator assured energy at the sensing places. It will be very wise to replace the sensor batteries by a solar cell-capacitor interface.
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Rafik, F., Gualous, H., Gallay, R., Crausaz, A. and Berthon, A. (2007) Frequency, Thermal and Voltage Supercapacitor Characterization and Modeling. Journal of Power Sources, 165, 928-934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.12.021
Sevcik, P. and Kovar, O. (2013) Power Unit Based on Supercapacitors and Solar Cell Module. 1st International Virtual Scientific Conference, Zilina, 10-14 June 2013, 468-471.
Martino, M. and Varley, J. (2012) A Wireless Sensor Node Powered by a PV/Supercapacitor/Battery Trio. University of Toronto, Toronto. www.ti.com/corp/docs/university/docs/University_of_Toronto_Wireless_Sensor_Node_MatthewMartino_JordanVarley.pdf
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Divine to Distress to Difficulty: Breaking Rules Two and Four
Sunday, August 12, 2018: I had been looking forward to this for days. If the weather was right, we would be in an ideal situation to experience one of nature's incredible wonders in a spectacular fashion. I couldn't imagine a better place to be than on an overnight passage, one day past a new moon –waxing crescent, 2% illumination – to witness the Perseids Meteor shower at its peak. We were far enough off the coast to not have any light pollution affecting us, and with a 98% dark sky, we definitely had the perfect circumstances to experience the phenomenon fully.
The winds had kicked up at sunset but not for long. We turned into a bit of a rocking horse for a while as we pitched over the oncoming waves, but it quieted down a bit as the first stars came out. With John at the helm, I made my way up mid-ship to find a comfortable spot to take in the show.
Never before have I seen a meteor shower like this. When the first one streaked by, it trailed an electric green tail and I just sat dumbfounded with wonder. Actually, I think I may have yelled out in joy. I was a child enraptured with sparkles and shine.
An hour later, Jarvis (our autopilot) had taken over so our eyes could be trained on the sky, watching meteors dart past: on average, one a minute. It was difficult to tear myself away so I could eventually relieve John from his shift. As I was climbing into my berth I could still see the odd shooting star appear through the portholes and I drifted off feeling an incredible sense of wonder and peace.
My only regret was with the consistent movement of the boat, there was no way to capture the magnificence on camera.
When I woke, the Perseids were still dancing through the night, and I took over for a couple hours until we got close in to our next port to refuel and catch some sleep: Escuminac. We had made such good time in the crossing however, that we were hours ahead of schedule. It was still pitch dark, with no moon, and sunrise was not for several hours.
And so we broke Rule Number Two again.
This time it didn't go so well.
Not well at all.
Searching for the entrance to an unfamiliar fishing wharf at 3-something a.m. in the morning was not easy. Even with instructions… Especially instructions which conveyed that many parts of the wharf were far too shallow for our boat. We eventually found the entrance, and were at a high enough rising tide that we *should* have been fine. *Should* have. Upon reading the guidebook again, we found a line that basically read: sifting in the channel may occur… keep to the right of the entrance.
First a scraping sound.
Then nothing. No movement. We were at a standstill.
Then the waves took our boat and began repeatedly ramming it against whatever we were stuck on.
This was not fun.
This was definitely not fun.
John revved the engine. Forward. Backward. Nothing. Forward-Backward-Nothing. Forwardbackwardforwardbackwardforwardbackward. Nothing. Then the engine basically told us to F-off. Then it quit.
There was nothing to do but wait for the tide to rise and lift us, or find someone to try to tow us off at 3:30am. John didn't want to wait. The noise that was was coming from whatever it was on the bottom that we were consistently hitting was not making him comfortable at all.
And then, once again I was on the VHF with the Coast Guard.
They asked questions: most of which I could answer but one I could not… I frankly at the moment can't even remember what the question was, but when I went up to ask John, he was gone.
The boat was moving. No, let me rephrase… the boat was about five feet away from plowing bow-first into the wharf wall.
What the ever-loving hell was happening?
I could hear John tell me to grab the bow line… from BESIDE the boat. He had lowered the dinghy to try to somehow use it to move the boat away from the rock wall that it had been inching closer to. But the tide had risen enough while he was off, that the boat had set itself free, and all 13.5 tons of her was heading now, powered by the tide and current, for the shallow end of the wharf.
I ran to the bow sprit with the bow line in hand and grabbed onto the ladder affixed to the wharf wall just after a sizeable crunch sound when our anchor made contact with a section of wood.
I hung on desperately to the ladder. Our 45 foot boat spun and I was the axis. At the time, I had no idea what else was happening – I was so fixed on keeping my grip – but John had somehow tied up the dinghy and was climbing up the wall. My arms felt as if they were going to pull every muscle I had but I couldn't let go. The tides were still rising, the waves coming in had given the boat a momentum and I was positive that I was the only breaking mechanism. The boat swung parallel to the wall and starting sliding backwards. My hands were slipping.
I remember saying, "I can't hold on" and somehow, miraculously, John was standing above me on the wall and replied "You don't have to".
"Throw me the rope".
He tied her off.
We were stopped. And only about 12 feet away from a fishing boat that had been tied up directly behind us. My arms were jelly. The boat was fine. The other boats were fine. Other than a slightly indented two by four, the wharf was fine. John and I were… well, as fine as we could be with that much adrenaline coursing through our systems.
We were safe and stopped and in the shallow section of the wharf. This would not do.
High tide was only a couple hours away. There was no sleeping, but for the two hours until the tide reached its peak, we basically lied still and tried to will ourselves back to some sense of calm. I could still see the meteors through the windows. Unfortunately, they had lost their magical charm.
Once the tide had risen in the early morning light, we got into the dingy with the depth finder and checked out the entire entrance area to map our way back out. And with our newly confirmed path, we started the engine without issue, and got the heck out of there.
Never again. Lesson learned. Do not break the goddamn rules.
Four hours and far too much sleep deprivation later we were anchored off Bay du Vin island. A spot reminiscent of Northern Ontario cottage country, beautiful, and entirely remote. The only diesel or provisions to be had was apparently back in Escuminac.
John and I were wiped, fairly cranky, and in need of a shower, but we anchored successfully and then completely crashed.
We were so tired that we didn't really notice the intensity of the mosquitoes the first night. But by our second night in Bay du Vin, after we were treated to a lovely and peaceful sunset, we were fully thrown into the plot of both an Alfred Hitchcock movie and a "Dangerous Insects" documentary once the sun had set. These buggers were tiny. Smallest mosquitoes I've ever seen. So small, that I'm quite positive that they were coming through the screens. Sleep was intermittent between staccato-ed swats. We woke with red welts, sometimes bites on top of other bites. During daylight hours, we were thankfully granted reprieve.
By Tuesday, we had caught up on sleep, lowered our cortisol levels, and were well onto our way to leaving our debacle behind us. I spent the day in a cleaning frenzy in an effort to find some control and normalcy over the space and our still very new-to-us live aboard life. My bout of cleaning, although beneficial in many ways, also had the side-effect of finally emptying our 50 gallon water tank. We hadn't been at a marina for two weeks and hadn't had a convenient opportunity to fill up with fresh water. This was the first instance that we had managed to empty the tank with regular day to day tasks. Admittedly, I was also not being particularly careful with water since we were basically jumping from marina to marina for most of the trip. We had enough drinking water to last us for at least a few days in our cabin jugs, so there wasn't much of an immediate concern, but now we knew; our tank was good for two weeks of munificent water use.
With our main water tank empty, and an unknown (though assumed low) amount of diesel in the fuel tank, we had to move on. But where? John thought our best bet would be to head upriver to Miramichi but not only were there no slips available for us, their diesel hadn't been hooked up yet. We consulted our charts and Google but came up empty. There was nothing nearby that had easy access to diesel or the ice that our still busted fridge demanded.
We kicked ourselves for not hiking with the Jerry cans in Shippagan for fuel, but we hadn't encountered this amount of remoteness before. Who knew diesel would be so difficult to find? (And this, by the way, is the reason why we have Rule Number Four) So John, gallantly, climbed into the dinghy and motored for two hours to Baie-Sainte-Ann and then hiked to the only diesel provider we could find, bought the fuel, lugged it back to the dinghy, and motored the two hours back to the boat. I would have joined him, but the extra weight would have slowed us down tremendously. As it was, he arrived back, five-ish-hours later, soaking wet.
And again. Another lesson learned. And if we didn't get it the first time, here was yet another reason to never break the goddamn rules.
With two Jerry cans now full of diesel, we were confident that we would have enough fuel to get us back to the site of our misadventure: Escuminac. Hopefully we would fare better this time.
Bay Du Vin
Escuminac
running aground
Quai de Shippagan
Escuminac, Again


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The Mount Sinai Hospital stretches from East 98th to 102nd Streets between Madison and Fifth Avenues on Manhattan's Upper East Side.
Buildings located on campus include:
The Mount Sinai Hospital is in the Guggenheim Pavilion, with entrances at 1190 Fifth Avenue (at E. 101st Street) and 1468 Madison Avenue. The hospital emergency room entrance is located on Madison Avenue
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, in the Annenberg Building, 1468 Madison Avenue (at E. 100th Street)
Kravis Children's Hospital is located at 1184 Fifth Avenue, between East 98th and 99th Streets
Mount Sinai Doctors Faculty Practice, May Center for Mount Sinai Doctors, is located at 5 East 98th Street
The Martha Stewart Center for Living is located at 17 East 102nd Street, 4th Floor, Area C
Klingenstein Pavilion is located at 1176 Fifth Avenue (north of 98th Street)
Klingenstein Clinical Health Center is located at 1450 Madison Avenue (at 99th Street)
Center for Advanced Medicine (CAM) is located at 17 East 102nd Street
The Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine is located at 1470 Madison Avenue
Directions to The Mount Sinai Hospital
We can be reached via the following public transit routes:
Subway line number 6
Bus lines M1, M2, M3, M4, M96, M98, M101, M102, M103, M106
Complete public transit information and maps can be found at Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) website
If you are traveling to Manhattan, via train, please refer to Amtrak services New York's Penn Station and then visit the MTA website.
If you are flying to Manhattan, shuttle, bus, taxi, and limo services are available from the three major area airports—LaGuardia, JFK International, and Newark International in New Jersey.
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey offers comprehensive airport information, including information on transportation into Manhattan upon arrival.
NY.com lists transportation options from each airport and estimated rates and trip times.
Taxi information is available through the New York Taxi and Limousine Service.
Limousine and car service information is provided by the New York Taxi and Limousine Service.
If you are traveling to Manhattan by car or taxi, please note the following directions:
From the East Side of Manhattan
Take the FDR Drive to the 96th Street exit and turn onto East 96th Street. Continue to Madison Avenue and turn right. The Mount Sinai Hospital is on 100th Street and Madison Avenue.
From the West Side of Manhattan
Travel the West Side Highway to the 96th Street exit. Continue across West 96th Street, through Central Park, to Madison Avenue. Turn left on Madison. The Mount Sinai Hospital is on 100th Street and Madison Avenue.
From Brooklyn and Parts of Queens (Brooklyn Bridge)
From the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, take the Brooklyn Bridge exit. Follow signs to the FDR Drive North. Exit at East 96th Street and continue on to Madison Avenue. Turn right on Madison Avenue. The Mount Sinai Hospital is at 100th Street and Madison Avenue.
From Staten Island (Brooklyn Battery Tunnel)
Take the Verrazano Bridge (Staten Island only) to Brooklyn Queens Expressway. Follow signs to the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel and make a right turn out of the tunnel. Take West Street to West Side Highway, turning off on the 96th Street exit. Travel through Central Park to Madison Avenue. Turn left on Madison Avenue. The Mount Sinai Hospital is at 100th Street and Madison Avenue.
From Queens and Long Island (Triborough Bridge, 59th Street Bridge)
Take Grand Central Parkway (West) to Triborough Bridge to the FDR Drive. Exit at 96th Street. Follow until Madison Avenue. Turn right on Madison Avenue. The Mount Sinai Hospital is on 100th Street and Madison Avenue.
From Westchester County and New England
Take the New England Thruway (95 South) to Triborough Bridge to FDR Drive. Exit at 96th Street and turn right onto E. 96th Street. Follow until Madison Avenue. Turn right on Madison Avenue. The Mount Sinai Hospital is at 100th Street and Madison Avenue.
From Upstate New York
Travel the New York State Thruway (I-87 South), which will turn into the Major Deegan Highway. Exit at the Willis Avenue Bridge and bear right. Follow signs to FDR Drive. Exit at 96th Street. Turn right at 96th to Madison Avenue. Turn right again on Madison Avenue. The Mount Sinai Hospital is at 100th Street and Madison Avenue.
Cross the George Washington Bridge and follow signs for the West Side Highway. Exit at 96th Street and travel across 96th Street through Central Park to Madison Avenue. Turn left on Madison Avenue. The Mount Sinai Hospital is at 100th Street and Madison Avenue.
Our parking garage is located at 1292 Park Ave, New York, NY 10029 (on 99th Street between Park and Madison Avenues). The garage is open 24 hours a day. We accept cash, credit and debit cards. Our parking facility is equipped with two, easy to use automated parking pay stations. Parking customer service representatives are available to assist 24/7. Call 212-241-5125 to inquire about hourly and daily rates. Metered parking on streets bordering the Mount Sinai campus is also available.
Additional parking options in the surrounding area include:
MPG Parking: 6 East 102nd Street, New York, NY, 10029. Located between Madison and 5th Avenues, 212-289-2959
Imperial Parking Systems: 1510 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10029. Parking entrance is on 98th Street, between Lexington and Park Avenues, 212-289-6257
GGMC Parking: 60 East 94th Street, New York, NY 10128. Located between Madison and Park Avenues, 212-369-9304
For more information, visit our parking website
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Parking at The Mount Sinai Hospital
We offer convenient parking options for patients and visitors


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Massive demand for BTS movie ticket causes Shaw website to crash
An overwhelming amount of traffic for a BTS movie titled "Burn the Stage" has led to Shaw Theatres' website crashing for about an hour. According to fans, they faced an error message on both mobile and desktop. Since then, the problem has been acknowledged and fixed by Shaw. Marketing has reached out to Shaw for additional comments.Hi all, we are aware of the downtime for our website. Sorry for the inconvenience caused.— Shaw Theatres (@shawtheatres) November 7, 2018Industry players that Marketing spoke to said that having a website crash due to increase in demand is not unheard of, and as such, brands must be ready with scalable IT infrastructure for situations where they know there will be an increase in traffic. Co-founder Max-F. Scheichenost, FALCON said that having a cloud-based (flexible) server set up can help easily manage short-term, high volume traffic.This a common approach in e-commerce, and I believe established brands can greatly benefit from this approach.According to Steven Yap, head of digital, Kingdom Digital, while no brand/service provider can ever predict the extent of how overwhelming the traffic or responses might be, there are definitely measures that can be put in place beforehand to minimise the chances of such incident from happening.Brands need to plan ahead by checking with the hosting provider on the traffic capacity it can handle, then subsequently doing a load test to see how much traffic the website can handle simultaneously. At the same time making sure there's a back-up plan to get the website up and running as quickly as possible should it crash.He added:A common practice to avoid website overload is creating a waiting room or virtual queue to stagger the traffic.Chiming in on infrastructure, Oliver Spalding, APAC chief customer officer, Digitas said ideally Shaw can look at caching and its content delivery network to manage high load on its website overall. But in this instance, given the booking engine has crashed, the issue seems to be on an infrastructure level. "Shaw, as such, would need to look at the likelihood of such a spike happening again in future and the potential investment in cloud solutions that will help mitigate the risk of sites being overstressed or going offline," he said.Spalding also called the issue a "temporary blip" and said in the long run, it will not have an impact on the brand. "But if Shaw feels particularly generous, they might offer some kind of goodwill gesture to K-Pop fans that tried to buy the tickets," he said.According to statistics from Digimind, public discussions related to BTS, Burn the Stage, and Shaw Theatres, peaked on 22 October, 1 November and 7 November on Twitter in the last 30 days. Further analysis of discussions on 7 November 2018, reveals an increase in mentions about Shaw Theatres, mainly from disappointed and frustrated fans.The fans then addressed Shaw's Twitter handle to berate management for not having a sturdier online booking system that could handle the sudden spike in traffic, as well as appealed for more screenings to ease booking woes. Among the list of trending topics included "shaw website", "wts", "location", "pls" and "shaw balestier".Stephen Dale, general manager, APAC at Digimind, said the flurry of activity reflects Twitter as the go-to network for exchanging information publicly with other members in a community, as well as directing queries and complaints at brands in Singapore."While Twitter usage has been reported to be declining or not growing as fast as other platforms like Facebook and Instagram, the immediacy and anonymity of the micro-blogging site makes it a potential hotspot for widespread online discussions in Singapore, as this incident demonstrated. For brands, it is important to stay vigilant in monitoring activity on Twitter, to detect and mitigate potential crisis before they escalate," he added.[gallery link="file" ids="241019,241021,241020"]Meltwater's statistics also showed that netizens' reactions were overall positive and negative sentiments were largely attributed to the course of the website crash, however the sentiments towards the movie contributed to an overall overwhelming positive sentiment. .[gallery link="file" ids="240997,240998"]
Singapore Airlines' latest global campaign addresses what makes their stewardesses 'World Class'
Is Bondee here for the long run or just another fad for the ad world to play with?
Baidu reportedly mulls launching ChatGPT-style bot


We are amazed that vintage, well crafted, functional, hardwood furniture can still to be found at prices that compete with the plastic and particle board items found in big box stores.
With more than 40 years in the antique trade we believe that we have the knowledge and experience to both source quality antiques and offer them to our customers at a reasonable price.
Previous to opening Cota Street Antiques, we operated Ricks Antiques LLC in Lafayette, Oregon.


How many times has your hectic lifestyle meant you've skipped lunch, dropped your workout or canceled social plans? Too many, I'll bet. When we're crazy busy (like so many of us always are) too often the first things to go from our day to day lives are the things that relate to self-care. The problem is that when this happens, rather than make us more productive we actually get more stressed and make our situation even worse. Here's why finding time for self care is important and how you can find time to be good to yourself.
One of simplest ways to look after yourself is knowing when to take a break. Sometimes self-care can be as simple as stopping what your doing, standing up and stretching your legs for a few minutes.. Or better yet, grabbing a cup of tea! Studies show that breaks actually help you gain greater focus and perform better. So next time you're too busy to take a break because that project just has to get finished, why not take a break -- you'll probably find that when you return to your desk you'll get things done much quicker.
Most of us know deep down that eating properly and getting regular exercise reduce our stress levels and make us happier and more productive people. So why is it that when we're feeling stressed, eating right and working out are the first things we stop doing? It's probably because we tell ourselves that we're "too tired" or "just don't have the time." But this really is counter-productive. When you're stressed your mind and body don't perform at optimal levels meaning that you feel sluggish and lack concentration. So while you might feel as though you've gained an hour because you didn't go to the gym, that extra hour you just spent working? It probably wasn't that productive at all.
When all is said and done, perhaps the greatest argument in favor of self care is the fact that without it, it's only a matter of time before we crash and burn. We've all been there, you take on so much until you get to the point where you just can't go on. This isn't good for you, your work or the people you care about most. Taking time to eat well, do some physical activity, take a break, socialise with friends and family or talk about your feelings really can make all the difference in how well you cope during hectic, high stress periods in your life.
One of our favourite ways to refocus and recharge is to take time to share some healthy, tasty treats with friends and family. How do you find time for your own self care? Let us know in the comments!