text:
The Day After the Music Died
Fifty-one years ago yesterday was the Day the Music Died, which means that fifty-one years ago today was the Day the Music Was Forced to Soldier On, Somehow. Although the three headlining acts of the Winter Dance Party would not be appearing on February 4th, 1959, in Moorhead, Minnesota, someone decided that the tour should continue, with Dion and the Belmonts moving up the totem pole to become the headliners. (The lesser acts on the tour weren't even told about the loss of Holly et al. until they arrived in Moorhead and saw the news on TV.)
A kid named Jim Stillman from nearby Fargo, North Dakota, sensing this was his big chance, called up the armory in Moorhead and asked if his band could help fill in at the show. Desperate, the promoters let them come on, not realizing they had only been playing together for two weeks. Driving to the gig, the stopped at JC Penney and got some uniform-looking duds, and decided to call themselves the Shadows.
The Shadows played a handful of songs, some of them instrumentals and some of them featuring 15-year-old lead vocalist Bobby Vee. They didn't get paid. The next night, the Winter Dance Tour moved on to Sioux Falls, South Dakota, with hastily recruited teen stars Frankie Avalon and Jimmy Clanton joining the show. The Shadows stayed in Fargo.
When the Winter Dance Tour had stopped in Duluth a few nights earlier, on January 31st, there was a kid in the audience named Bobby Zimmerman - I say "kid," but he was actually two years older than Bobby Vee. Later that summer, Vee and the Shadows had a regional hit called "Suzie Baby," and Zimmy hitchhiked over to Fargo to check out the band. He talked them into letting him join the band as a piano player, changing his name to Elston Gunn, but it didn't take, both the piano job and the name.
Bobby Vee would go on to have a Number One hit, 1961's "Take Good Care of My Baby." Bob Dylan never had one, although he reached Number Two twice, with "Like a Rolling Stone" and "Rainy Day Women No. 12 and 35."
Posted by Tom Nawrocki at 11:38 PM
I've Got the Pork Chops, She's Got the Pie
They Call Me the Old Man
We Tease Him a Lot
Plimpton's Moment in the Sun
Okey Dokey, Smokey
Paul Stanley Has No Ears
Doug Fieger, 1952-2010
RIP Dick Francis
You are wondering . . .
The Soo Line
Float On!
Getting Cross
The Magic of 'Popeye' Lives On
Nothing phony about the fake Rockefeller...


text:
Kandy District (, ) is a district of the Central Province of Sri Lanka. Its area is 1906.3 km².

Administrative divisions

Ethnic groups and religion

Major cities

Suburbs of city of Kandy

 Peradeniya
 Katugastota
 Pallekele

Big towns

 Gampola urban council
 Nawalapitiya UC

Other towns
 Akurana
 Alawatugoda
 ((Ankubura ))
 Ambatenna
 Daskara
 Daulagala
 Galagedara
 Galhinna
 Gelioya
 Hanguranketa
 Hapugastalawa
 Kadugannawa UC
Katugastota
 Kundasale
 Madawala
 Menikdiwela
 Pilimatalawa
 Pussellawa
 Talatuoya
 Teldeniya
 Ulapane
 Watadeniya
 Wattegama UC
 Welamboda
 Weligalla
 Udadumbara

References

Districts of Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Kandy
Geography of Kandy District

ytytrytrrtytry

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Join us Friday night, April 19, for one of three identical Good Friday services: 6 and 7:30 pm in the Chapel at TVC Main, and 6 pm at TVC East.
Due to the special nature of this silent service, we ask that you make every effort to arrive on time. While all are welcome, those in attendance need to be able to follow along with the slides on the big screen (or via the PDF download, see below), so keep that in mind when planning for young children. You can reserve Nursery and Preschool spots at childcare.thevillagechapel.com.
FOR THOSE WITH VISION ISSUES: It can be difficult for some to follow along on Good Friday since the lights in the Chapel are dimmed. To help, we've made the text of the entire service available for download below. Print it out or download it to your device, so you can follow along during our Good Friday services.
Note: If you are using Internet Explorer, you will not be able to see the document. We recommend Chrome.
If you've ever been to a Good Friday service at TVC, you know it's a unique experience.
Our desire is to take an hour and intentionally reflect on the most important event of all of history. Encountering it in a different way than we do our normal services allows us to step out of the ordinary and recognize the extraordinary moment that the cross truly is.
Then on Easter morning, the children put flowers where the nails were in the cross. where there once was death, now there is life, symbolized by these fresh flowers.


text:
Corsican Swallowtail
Papilio hospiton
EN-US FWS: January 14, 1993
Corsica, Sardinia
The Corsican swallowtail is one of the over 200 fluted swallowtail butterfly species and only found on the islands of Corsica and Sardinia in the Mediterranean sea. Its colorations are black and yellow, and it has a wingspan of to three inches. There is a small red eye-like spot on its wings, and the tail is small and tapered. Swallowtails differ from all other butterflies in a number of anatomical traits, such as the unique organ that they posses behind their heads as caterpillars, called the "osmeterium." It is normally hidden and out of view, but when the caterpillar feels threatened by predators, it is used to emit a foul smell. Swallowtails also generally have tails on their hind wings and are migratory.
The Corsican swallowtail prefers forest located in the mountains above 2000 feet for its habitat. Swallowtails generally feed on the leaves of trees and flowers and lay their eggs on the undersides of leaves. As caterpillars this species feeds on carrots and fennel. They become butterflies between May and June and remain active until August. Usually, two broods are generated each year.
The Corsican swallowtail is threatened by collecting by commercial collectors who capture and sell the specimens for money. It is also threatened by loss of habitat and the destruction of its main host plant (by farmers) which is considered poisonous to livestock. This species is listed as endangered, but is not effectively protected in Corsica, and there are very little or no efforts to protect the Sardinian population either.
Copyright Notice: This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Papilio hospiton".
Corsican Swallowtail Facts Last Updated:
Glenn, C. R. 2006. "Earth's Endangered Creatures - Corsican Swallowtail Facts" (Online). Accessed 1/29/2023 at http://earthsendangered.com/profile.asp?sp=49&ID=6.
Need more Corsican Swallowtail facts?
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO) were the games set up by Indonesia in late 1962 as a counter to the Olympic Games. Established for the athletes of the so-called "emerging nations" (mainly newly independent socialist states), GANEFO made it clear in its constitution that politics and sport were intertwined; this ran against the doctrine of the International Olympic Committee, which strove to separate politics from sport. The IOC decreed that the athletes attending GANEFO would be ineligible to participate in the Olympic Games.
Indonesia established GANEFO in the aftermath of IOC censure for the politically charged 4th edition of Asian Games in 1962 in Jakarta which Indonesia hosted and for which Taiwan and Israel were refused entry cards. The IOC's eventual reaction was to indefinitely suspend Indonesia from the IOC. This was the first time the IOC suspended one of its members.
The first edition of GANEFO was held in Jakarta, Indonesia on November 10–22, 1963 for 13 days. 46 nations dispatched about 2,700 athletes.
The second edition of GANEFO had been planned to be held in Cairo, the United Arab Republic in 1967, but this was canceled due to political considerations. So, the second GANEFO was held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia in November 25-December 6, 1966, when about 2,000 athletes participated from 17 nations.
Its flag was white, with GANEFO emblem in the middle. I created its flag image.


text:
\section{Introduction}
The emerging possibility to use electron spins as information carriers and storage units (a field known as spintronics \cite{WolfSCI,FabianRMP,WuReview}) calls for the development of the fundamental description of spin-diffusion and spin-relaxation phenomena. The conventional theory of spin relaxation in materials is based on the so-called Elliott-Yafet (EY) theory \cite{Elliott,yafet1963g} and the D'yakonov-Perel' (DP) mechanisms \cite{DyakonovPerelSPSS1972,PikusTitkov} depending on whether the material possesses or not a spatial inversion symmetry, respectively. Most elemental metals are examples for a retained inversion symmetry but zincblende semiconductors (e.g. GaAs), even though have a cubic crystal structure, are examples for a broken spatial inversion. The two theories are also based on different approaches: the EY theory studies momentum scattering induced spin-flip events, whereas the DP theory considers the electron spin precession around built-in magnetic fields, which are due to spin-orbit coupling. Common in both theories is that spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is the primary reason of the spin-flip or spin-rotation but it is a small compared to typical orbital interactions.

The spin-relaxation time, $\tau_{\text{s}}$, depends on the momentum relaxation time, $\tau$, however with the opposite dependence: $\tau_{\text{s}}\propto \tau$ in the EY theory, whereas $\tau_{\text{s}}\propto 1/\tau$ in the DP theory. The different phenomenology is used as a benchmark to classify spin-relaxation in a novel material (e.g. graphene \cite{TombrosNat2007,GuntherodtBilayer,KawakamiPRL2010,KawakamiBilayer,YangPRL2011}) into one or the other mechanisms.

Yafet realized in his seminal paper that extension of the conventional EY theory may be required\cite{YafetPL1983}. He predicted properly that band degeneracies lead to anomalous spin-relaxation, such as that observed in aluminium\cite{BMref37}, which was explained by the so-called spin hot-spot modell\cite{FabianPRL1998,FabianPRL1999}. The next hint, that the spin-relaxation theory is yet incomplete and that analogous behaviors of the EY and DP theories exist, came from experiment. Electron spin relaxation studies were performed on materials with spatial inversion symmetry and a short momentum relaxation time, e.g. MgB$_2$ (Ref. \onlinecite{SimonPRL2001}), a material which displays both phenomenology: $\tau_{\text{s}}\propto \tau$ for temperatures below 150 K and $\tau_{\text{s}}\propto 1/\tau$ for $T>400\,\text{K}$ and an intermediate range in between. Another material with a short $\tau$ and retained inversion symmetry is Rb$_3$C$_{60}$ (Ref. \onlinecite{JanossyPRL1993}) which displays $\tau_{\text{s}}\propto 1/\tau$ in the whole temperature range. The experiments in both materials were successfully explained by the so-called generalized EY theory (GEY) in Refs. \onlinecite{SimonPRL2008} and \onlinecite{DoraSimonStronglyCorrPRL2009}. The conventional DP mechanism is also known to require extensions which result in an EY-like phenomenology in inversion symmetry breaking semiconductors with a very long $\tau$, in high magnetic fields \cite{FabianRMP,PikusTitkov,BurkovBalents}, and in the presence of a large spin-orbit coupling \cite{Iordanskii,Averkiev,Oscillatory_DP_theor,Schneider,Oscillatory_DP_exp1,Oscillatory_DP_exp2,Cosacchi}.

The unification of the two theories was first attempted in Ref. \onlinecite{Boross2013}: it was shown that a common quantum kinetic description based approach, and considering different SOC terms for EY-like and DP-like mechanisms, allows to obtain both the EY and the DP theories in a single and compact expression. However, this involved approach appears to be characteristically different from the mathematics of the original EY and DP theories, therefore the intimate link between the two theories remains hidden.

This paper is intended to shed light on this link and we show that formally an analogy between the DP and EY mechanisms can be found. This allows to derive the results of both mechanisms in the framework of the other. We explicitly show this for the EY and GEY mechanisms: the results of spin-relaxation for these cases is derived from a DP-like approach using the quasiparticle picture combined with internal, spin-orbit coupling related magnetic fields. This enables a unified treatment of spin-relaxation and it allows for a readily programmable tool to study spin-relaxation in metals and semiconductors. Our approach also provides an alternative physical description for the EY mechanism: motional narrowing instead of the usual Fermi golden rule description.

\section{The conventional descriptions of spin-relaxation}

\subsection{The D'yakonov-Perel' theory}

  The D'yakonov-Perel' mechanism describes the spin-relaxation in an inversion-breaking material, which is realized in e.g. zincblende (like GaAs) semiconductors. The lack of inversion symmetry gives rise to built-in, SOC related $\bm{k}$-vector dependent effective magnetic fields, $\bm{B}_{k}$, around which the electron spins precess between two momentum scattering events. The corresponding Larmor frequencies of the precession are $\bm{\Omega}_{k}=\gamma\bm{B}_{k}$, where $\gamma \approx 2\pi\cdot 28\,\text{GHz/T}$ is the electron gyromagnetic ratio.

\begin{figure}[htp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.7\columnwidth]{Fig1_DP_scheme.eps}
\caption{Level scheme and the quasiparticle broadening depicted for a material with broken inversion symmetry. Left panel: the situation when $\mathcal{L}\gg \Gamma$, right: level scheme when $\mathcal{L}\ll \Gamma$. The latter is the conventional DP model.}
\label{DP_scheme}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

	The corresponding band structure is shown in Fig. \ref{DP_scheme} for two cases: when momentum scattering is small or large compared to the strength of the spin-orbit interaction. We also introduced in the figure the spin-orbit coupling terms, $\mathcal{L}_{k}$, which correspond to the following Hamiltonian:

	  \begin{equation}
    H_{\text{DP}} =
      \kbordermatrix{
			& \uparrow & \downarrow\\
			\uparrow &0        & \mathcal{L}_{k} \\
      \downarrow&\conj{\mathcal{L}}_{k} & 0 \\},
      \label{eq:H_DP}
  \end{equation}

	\noindent The Hamiltonian is based on spin eigenstates. The connection between the effective magnetic field and the spin-Hamiltonian are: $\hbar\left|\bm{\Omega}_{k}\right|=2\mathcal{L}_{k}$.	In the following, we denote by $\mathcal{L}$ a Fermi surface average, $\left<.\right>_{\text{FS}}$, of the SOC term: $\mathcal{L}=\sqrt{\left<\mathcal{L}_k^2\right>_{\text{FS}}}$. We also introduce the momentum scattering rate, $\Gamma=\hbar/\tau$ and we shall also use the analogous spin-relaxation rate as $\Gamma_{\text{s}}=\hbar/\tau_{\text{s}}$.

The canonical D'yakonov-Perel' theory applies when the momentum relaxation is rapid, $\mathcal{L}\ll \Gamma$, i.e. the electron spins rotate by a small angle $\delta \phi \approx \Omega\tau$ between two consecutive momentum scattering events. The spin-relaxation in this case reads \cite{DyakonovPerelSPSS1972,PikusTitkov}:

\begin{gather}
\Gamma_{\text{s}}=\alpha \frac{\mathcal{L}^2}{\Gamma},
\label{Eq:DPresult}
\end{gather}
i.e. the $\Gamma_{\text{s}}\propto \Gamma^{-1}$ is realized. Herein, $\alpha$ is a band structure dependent constant near unity. The D'yakonov-Perel' mechanism is essentially a motional narrowing description, i.e. the otherwise broad distribution of built-in precession frequencies are averaged out.

		The other limit, i.e. $\mathcal{L}\gg \Gamma$, is realized in ultrapure semiconductors and it was observed experimentally in Refs. \onlinecite{Oscillatory_DP_exp1} and \onlinecite{Oscillatory_DP_exp2} with the corresponding theory worked out in Refs. \onlinecite{Oscillatory_DP_theor,CulcerWinkler,CulcerWinkler2}. We recently studied this problem using a Monte Carlo approach \cite{SzolnokiSciRep} and identified two regimes: if the spread in the Larmor frequencies, $\Delta\bm{\Omega}$, is smaller than $\Gamma/\hbar$, the spin relaxation is oscillatory with a single exponent:

\begin{gather}
		\Gamma_{\text{s}}=\alpha \Gamma.
		\label{Eq:DPwithoscillations}
\end{gather}

		However when $\Delta\Omega\gg\Gamma/\hbar$, the spread in the built-in magnetic fields is larger than $\Gamma$, there is an initial dephasing on the timescale of $1/\Delta\Omega$ that is followed by an exponential-like decay.

 \subsection{The Elliott-Yafet model}

  Our effective Elliott-Yafet model includes 4 bands, two of which remain pairwise degenerate even in the presence of SOC. This is the direct consequence of the Kramers theorem when inversion symmetry is retained, however an external magnetic field would break the time-reversal symmetry and lift the degeneracy. The states in different bands are connected by SOC and the resulting effective Hamiltonian reads:

  \begin{equation}
    H_{\text{EY}} =
      \kbordermatrix{
        & 1\uparrow & 1\downarrow & 2\uparrow & 2\downarrow \\
        1\uparrow   & 0        & 0 & 0        & L_{k} \\
        1\downarrow & 0        & 0 & \conj{L}_{k} & 0 \\
        2\uparrow   & 0        & L_{k} & \Delta_{k}   & 0 \\
        2\downarrow & \conj{L}_{k} & 0 & 0        & \Delta_{k}
      },
      \label{eq:H_EY}
  \end{equation}
  \noindent where $1$ and $2$ are orbital states, $L_{k}$ is the spin-orbit matrix element and $\Delta_{k}$ is the band gap. In principle, there could be matrix elements between $1\uparrow$ and $2\uparrow$ but these would not contribute to spin-relaxation \cite{Boross2013} in leading order and are thus omitted. Similar to the introduction of $\mathcal{L}$, we define the following average values: $L=\sqrt{\left<L_k^2\right>_{\text{FS}}}$ and $\Delta=\sqrt{\left<\Delta_k^2\right>_{\text{FS}}}$.

\begin{figure}[htp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.7\columnwidth]{Fig2_EY_scheme.eps}
\caption{Level scheme and the momentum scattering rate depicted for a material with retained inversional symmetry. Note that the spin states are degenerate. Left panel: the situation when $\Delta \gg \Gamma$, right: level scheme when $\Delta \ll \Gamma$. The earlier is the conventional EY model, while the latter is the so-called generalized EY model, worked out in Refs. \onlinecite{SimonPRL2008} and \onlinecite{DoraSimonStronglyCorrPRL2009}.}
\label{EY_scheme}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Fig. \ref{EY_scheme}., we show the level scheme for the case when inversion symmetry is retained. The conventional EY model assumes the hierarchy $L\ll \Gamma \ll \Delta$ therefore the states are weak admixtures of the original pure spin-up/down states:

\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
|\widetilde{1\uparrow}\rangle_{k}= |1\uparrow \rangle_{k}+\frac{L_{k}}{\Delta_{k}}|2\downarrow \rangle_{k}\\
|\widetilde{1\downarrow}\rangle_{k}= |1\downarrow \rangle_{k}-\frac{\conj{L}_{k}}{\Delta_{k}}|2\uparrow \rangle_{k}.
\end{aligned}
\label{Eq:EYmixed_states}
\end{equation}
and correspondingly for the other two states.

Elliott considered the probability of a spin-flip during momentum scattering between the $|\widetilde{1\uparrow}\rangle_{k}$ and $|\widetilde{1\downarrow}\rangle_{k}$ eigenstates and showed using first order time dependent perturbation theory that the transition probability of the spin-flip, $W_{k\widetilde{\uparrow}\rightarrow k'\widetilde{\downarrow}}$, and momentum scattering, $W_{k\rightarrow k'}$, processes are related by:

\begin{gather}
W_{k\widetilde{\uparrow}\rightarrow k'\widetilde{\downarrow}}=\alpha \frac{L_{k}^2}{\Delta_{k}^2}W_{k\rightarrow k'},
\end{gather}
where $\alpha$ is again a band structure dependent constant near unity. This yields the well known EY expression:

\begin{gather}
\Gamma_{\text{s}}=\left<\frac{L_k^2}{\Delta_k^2}\right>_{\text{FS}}\cdot\Gamma\approx \alpha \frac{L^2}{\Delta^2}\Gamma
\label{Eq:EYresult}
\end{gather}

The so-called generalized EY scenario is depicted in the right panel of Fig. \ref{EY_scheme} with the corresponding hierarchy of the parameters: $L\ll \Delta \ll\Gamma$. This situation is realized in materials where there is a four-fold band degeneracy (such as e.g. in graphene at the Dirac point) or a near band-degeneracy whose splitting is smaller than the momentum scattering rate. The latter situation is encountered in MgB$_2$ which is a relatively high temperature superconductor ($T_{\text{c}}=40\,\text{K}$) thus it has a strong electron-phonon coupling (i.e. a large $\Gamma$) and the conduction band has a near band-degeneracy due to the two boron atoms in the unit cell. The other known examples are alkali atom doped fullerides, K$_3$C$_{60}$ and Rb$_3$C$_{60}$, which also show a large electron-phonon coupling and a conduction band which is derived from the three-fold degenerate C$_{60}$ molecular orbitals and the degeneracy lifting is moderate compared to $\Gamma$.

Clearly, for such a case the lowest order time-dependent perturbation theory is not applicable. A many-body based approach, which is essentially infinite order in momentum scattering (but remains lowest, i.e. second order in the SOC), was performed in Refs. \onlinecite{SimonPRL2008,DoraSimonStronglyCorrPRL2009}. It gave the remarkably simple result:

\begin{gather}
\Gamma_{\text{s}}=\alpha\frac{L^2}{\Delta^2+\Gamma^2}\Gamma.
\label{Eq:GEYresult}
\end{gather}

Clearly, the GEY regime gives: $\Gamma_{\text{s}}\propto \frac{L^2}{\Gamma}$, which looks surprisingly similar to the DP result of Eq. \eqref{Eq:DPresult}. This immediately leads to questions as to whether the agreement is only accidental or there is something behind the agreement, i.e. that a large $\Gamma$ inevitably corresponds to a breaking of the lattice symmetry (both phonons and impurities lead to this).

Another point awaiting clarification is whether a simpler, less involved derivation of the GEY regime is possible without the many-body considerations.

\section{Analogy of the EY and DP Hamiltonians}

We first demonstrate how the EY Hamiltonian can be related to the DP problem. We consider a transformation of the spin states in the Elliott-Yafet Hamiltonian in Eq.~\eqref{eq:H_EY} as follows:

  \begin{equation}
    \begin{aligned}
      \cat{A\uparrow}   &= \cat{1\uparrow} \\
      \cat{A\downarrow} &= \cat{2\downarrow} \\
      \cat{B\uparrow}   &= \cat{2\uparrow} \\
      \cat{B\downarrow} &= \cat{1\downarrow}.
    \end{aligned}
    \label{eq:newstates}
  \end{equation}
  The Hamiltonian for these states reads:

  \begin{equation}
    H'_{\text{EY}} =
      \kbordermatrix{
        & A\uparrow & A\downarrow & B\uparrow & B\downarrow \\
        A\uparrow   & 0        & L_{k}      & 0        & 0 \\
        A\downarrow & \conj{L_{k}} & \Delta_{k} & 0        & 0 \\
        B\uparrow   & 0        & 0      & \Delta_{k}   & L_{k} \\
        B\downarrow & 0        & 0      & \conj{L_{k}} & 0
      }.
    \label{eq:H_EY_renamed}
  \end{equation}

This procedure is equivalent to a unitary transformation of the EY Hamiltionian with the following matrix:

  \begin{equation}
    \begin{aligned}
      H'_{\text{EY}} &= \adj{P} H_{\text{EY}} P, \\
      P &=
        \begin{bmatrix}
          1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
          0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\
          0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\
          0 & 1 & 0 & 0
        \end{bmatrix}.
    \end{aligned}
    \label{eq:Permutation_matrix}
  \end{equation}

In the original basis we had pure spin states, however in the new basis the usual Pauli matrices need to be transformed, too. Therefore we rather refer to the new basis states as pseudo-spin states.

This Hamiltonian decouples to the direct sum of two single pseudospin Hamiltonians. This is the consequence of the simple structure of the original Hamiltonian in Eq. \eqref{eq:H_EY} as it did not contain terms which would join e.g. $A\uparrow$ with $B\uparrow$. It is important to note that momentum scattering does not induce transitions between the $A$ and $B$ states either in this model Hamiltonian as momentum scattering alone is unable to flip an electron spin, except for a magnetic scatterer which is not involved in the EY theory.
This means that if an electron is born to be of the $A$ type, it remains so throughout in the spin-relaxation problem. We discuss it in the Supplementary Information that the procedure can be performed in the presence of terms like between the $1\uparrow$ and $2\uparrow$ states as well but the result lacks compactness.

The 2x2 blocks in Eq. \eqref{eq:H_EY_renamed} show a remarkable similarity to the DP Hamiltonian in Eq. \eqref{eq:H_DP} except for the presence of the $\Delta$ term. We note that the $L_k$ terms are the SOC matrix elements for a material with retained inversion symmetry. As we show below, this allows to "formally" treat the EY spin-relaxation mechanism with the usual DP-like approach, i.e. by the evolution of the pseudospin ensemble upon internal built-in magnetic fields. In the end of the pseudo-spin evolution, the result can be obtained for the real spin by transforming it back.

We then discuss how the DP Hamiltonian can be traced back to the EY problem. We consider the DP Hamiltonian in Eq. \eqref{eq:H_DP}, introduce an external magnetic field, with Zeeman energy $\Delta_{\text{Z}}$, and amend the system with a pair of virtual electron spin states, which have the same SOC but interact with the external magnetic field with opposite sign as compared to the physical electron states. This gives:

 \begin{equation}
    H'_{\text{DP}} =
      \kbordermatrix{\\
        &0        & \mathcal{L}_{k}      & 0        & 0 \\
        &\conj{\mathcal{L}_{k}} & \Delta_{\text{Z},k} & 0        & 0 \\
        &0        & 0      & \Delta_{\text{Z},k}   & \mathcal{L}_{k} \\
        &0        & 0      & \conj{\mathcal{L}_{k}} & 0
      }.
    \label{eq:H_DP_renamed}
  \end{equation}

We also shifted the zero of the energy as the Zeeman term would normally introduce a $\pm \Delta_{\text{Z}}/2$ shift of the levels. We retained the $k$ dependence of the Zeeman term as the $g$-factor can be $k$-dependent. Clearly, a similar transformation of the states, indentical to that presented above, yields the EY Hamiltonian for the DP problem. We emphasize that the $\mathcal{L}_{k}$ terms originate from an SOC due to inversion symmetry breaking, still it can be rewritten as if it was valid for a system with retained inversion.

Given that the additional virtual electron states are not connected with the true physical electrons, we believe that the usual treatment of spin-relaxation in inversionally symmetric materials, i.e. first order perturbation theory for the conventional EY and many-body approach for the GEY, can be performed for these states, too.

\section{Deriving the EY and GEY results using a DP consideration}

The Hamiltonian in Eq. \eqref{eq:H_EY_renamed} describes independent time evolution for the $A$ and $B$ electrons and their pseudospins, which can be described by Larmor precession with the following angular frequency vectors:

	 \begin{equation}
      \bm\Omega_{A,k} = \frac{2}{\hbar}
        \begin{bmatrix}
          -\Re[L_k] \\ \Im[L_k] \\ \Delta_k/2
        \end{bmatrix},
      \quad
      \bm\Omega_{B,k} = \frac{2}{\hbar}
        \begin{bmatrix}
          -\Re[L_k] \\ \Im[L_k] \\ -\Delta_k/2
        \end{bmatrix}
		\label{eq:Larmor}
  \end{equation}

The presence of an effective model which contains a two pseudospin-level state only with an internal, SOC derived magnetic field is a surprisingly analogous situation to the DP description of spin-relaxation in semiconductors. We emphasize that the original system has inversion symmetry but at least formally it can be rewritten to look like the DP Hamiltonian in Eq. \eqref{eq:H_DP}. It is therefore tempting to employ the DP framework to derive the EY and GEY results. This means that one follows the time evolution of a pseudospin ensemble upon Larmor precessions according to Eq. \eqref{eq:Larmor} between two momentum scattering events. We note that the basis change from $\cat{1\uparrow}...$ to $\cat{A\uparrow}...$ affects the $x,y$ rotations of the original spin, however the transformation leaves the $s_z$ Pauli matrix invariant. In the models of spin-relaxation, the $z$ or a quantization axis is chosen along which a non-equilibrium spin population is induced either by magnetic resonance or by spin injection. This means that we are following the time decay of the $z$ component, which is identical for both the usual spin and the pseudospin.

The spin-relaxation under the action of built-in SOC related fields and an additional magnetic field along the $z$ axis was worked out analytically in Ref. \onlinecite{FabianActaPhysSlovaca} (Eq. IV. 36):

\begin{gather}
\Gamma_{\text{s}}=\left( \overline{\Omega_x^2}+\overline{\Omega_y^2}\right)\frac{\tau_c}{\Omega_0^2\tau_c^2+1}.
\label{Jaro_formula}
\end{gather}
Herein, $\Omega_x$ and $\Omega_y$ denote the Larmor (angular) frequencies due to SOC fields along the $x$ and $y$ axes, respectively, which in our notation are identified with $\hbar\Omega_x=-2\Re[L_k]$ and $\hbar\Omega_y=2\Im[L_k]$. $\tau_c$ is the correlation time of the electron scattering, which is identified with the usual momentum scattering in our case and $\Omega_0$ is the Larmor angular frequency due to the magnetic field along the $z$ axis. In the EY model, $\Delta_k$ plays the role of the Zeeman splitting, thus the assignment is $\hbar \Omega_0=\Delta$. Clearly, Eq. \eqref{Jaro_formula}, together with the angular frequencies given in Eq. \eqref{eq:Larmor} can be rewritten as:

\begin{gather}
\Gamma_{\text{s}}=\frac{4L^2}{\Delta^2+\Gamma^2}\Gamma
\label{Jaro_formula_rewritten}
\end{gather}

This formula is identical to Eq. \eqref{Eq:GEYresult}, which was originally derived for the generalized EY mechanism using a quantum kinetic approach.

Let us briefly reflect on the above derivation. We essentially start with pure spin states (Pauli eigenstates) and consider both disorder and spin-orbit coupling as perturbations. The spin-orbit coupling leads to a coherent spin dynamics between two non-degenerate levels,
separated by $\Delta_k$. If the scattering is faster than the spin precession, we are in
the motional narrowing regime and the EY mechanism and the electron state does not
become fully "dressed" by SOC. In contrast, if the coherent dynamics is long enough, the electron
states fully explore the Hilbert states of the available bands and the spin relaxation approaches the EY formula. However, the above does not hold in the spin hot-spot regime \cite{FabianPRL1998,FabianPRL1999} where $\Delta_k \alt L_k$. In this regime the spin-flip probability can be as large as the spin-conserving one and perturbation theory within the Markov approximation, which leads to the formula Eq. \ref{Jaro_formula_rewritten} is not valid.

\section{Spin-relaxation rate calculation for a realistic case}

The above presented unified treatment of the EY-GEY and DP spin-relaxation regimes not only represents a simple and intuitive description but it allows for a practical and easily implemented calculation of spin-relaxation times (or rates). The original EY theory and in particular the GEY regime is difficult to implement in practice to yield spin-relaxation rate values. However, the treatment of the DP scenario is more intuitive: it considers the evolution of a spin ensemble under the action of built-in SOC fields. We demonstrate this for MgB$_2$: in this material, a crossover from the conventional EY to the GEY regime was observed experimentally using electron spin resonance measurements \cite{SimonPRL2001,SimonPRL2008}. At low $T$, the conventional EY regime dominates as the ESR linewidth and resistivity are proportional, thus $\Gamma_{\text{s}}\propto \Gamma$. However, above about 200 K, it crosses over to the GEY regime as the quasiparticle broadening, $\Gamma$, becomes comparable to the band-band separation of boron $\sigma$ bands in the vicinity of the Fermi surface. The large $\Gamma$ is the result of a large electron-phonon coupling, which is also the cause of the superconducting transition at 40 K. The presence of nearly degenerate boron $\sigma$ bands on the Fermi surface is due to the presence of two boron basis atoms.

\begin{figure}[htp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1\columnwidth]{Fig4_MgB2_calc.eps}
\caption{Experimental (symbols) and Monte Carlo based (solid curve) spin-relaxation rate, $\Gamma_{\text{s}}$ in MgB$_2$. Note that the experimental data contains the contribution from the boron $\sigma$ bands only; as described in Ref. \onlinecite{SimonPRL2008}, the contribution from the $\pi$ bands remains explicable by the conventional EY theory and it is thus subtracted. The level scheme and the identification of the EY and GEY regimes is also depicted. Note that the two regimes cross over smoothly as a function of temperature and the vertical dashed line is intended as a guide only.}
\label{fig:Fig4_MgB2_calc}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

We show the experimental and calculated spin-relaxation rates, $\Gamma_{\text{s}}$, in Fig. \ref{fig:Fig4_MgB2_calc}. The experimental data are from Ref. \onlinecite{SimonPRL2008} and is obtained after subtracting the spin-relaxation rate contribution from the boron $\pi$ bands. It is described in Ref. \onlinecite{SimonPRL2008} that the latter obeys the conventional EY mechanism as the boron $\pi$ bands are separated from each other with a large gap (2 eV). In contrast, the separation of the boron $\sigma$ bands is as low as $\sim 0.2\,\text{eV}$.

To calculate the spin-relaxation rate in the framework of the above description, we consider the EY Hamiltonian of Eq. \eqref{eq:H_EY} with an isotropic SOC (i.e. the off-diagonal 2x2 matrix have diagonal terms, too). It is transformed to a DP-like Hamiltonian according to the procedure described above (the diagonal terms of the off-diagonal 2x2 matrix are eliminated according to Ref. \onlinecite{Supmat}). The rest of the calculation proceeds according to the Monte Carlo simulation procedure of a DP problem, which is discussed in depth in Ref. \onlinecite{SzolnokiSciRep} and is briefly summarized herein.

The Monte Carlo method considers an electron ensemble with spin polarized along the $z$ axis at $t=0$. Each electron has a different (random) $\bm{k}$ value and they experience a different built-in Larmor precession. The latter vectors are obtained according to the above described transformation procedure. Momentum scattering is approximated by giving each electron a new random $\bm{k}$ value after a time $\tau'$ elapses, where $\tau'$ is a statistical variable with a Poisson distribution and a mean value of the momentum relaxation time, $\tau$. The decay of the electron spin ensemble magnetization along the $z$ axis is monitored as a function of time and is fitted with a single exponential. The exponent yields directly the spin-relaxation time, $\tau_{\text{s}}$. The variation of this parameter, or its rate $\Gamma_{\text{s}}=\hbar/\tau_{\text{s}}$ is followed as a function of $\Gamma$. Ref. \onlinecite{Supmat} shows $\Gamma_{\text{s}}$ in units of $L^2/\Delta$ as a function of $\Gamma$ (in units of $\Delta$) for a low value of the spin-orbit coupling ($L=0.1\Delta$). In the low $L$ limit, this $\Gamma_{\text{s}}(\Gamma)$ function is universal and can be well fitted by $\Gamma_{\text{s}}=\frac{2}{3}\frac{\Gamma}{1+\Gamma^2}$. This is exactly the generalized EY result of Eq. \ref{Eq:GEYresult} which was first deduced in Ref. \onlinecite{SimonPRL2008} and is obtained herein numerically.

The final result, which is shown in Fig. \ref{fig:Fig4_MgB2_calc}, is obtained by presenting the data as a function of temperature using the $T(\Gamma)$ relation from the Bloch-Gr\"{u}nneisen function with a Debye temperature of 535 K and also by scaling the data with the already known $\Delta=194\,\text{meV}$ (Ref. \onlinecite{SimonPRL2008}) and $L=1.7\,\text{meV}$.

We observe an excellent agreement between the experiment and the spin-relaxation rate which is obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation. This also means that the spin-relaxation rate in MgB$_2$ can be appropriately described by a single band-band separation value and also by an isotropic SOC model. We emphasize that with this demonstration, we traced back a spin-relaxation problem in an inversionally symmetric strongly correlated metal to the methodology which was developed for an inversionally symmetry breaking material.

\section{Summary}
In summary, we presented the connection between the Elliott-Yafet and D'yakonov-Perel' theories of spin-relaxation. We showed that a compelling analogy can be realized between the two mechanisms concerning the level structure and the respective model Hamiltonians. This allows an intuitive, albeit not rigorous derivation of both mechanisms based on the framework of the other. We showed recently that the DP-like treatment is readily programmable using a Monte Carlo method \cite{SzolnokiSciRep}. This means that the otherwise involved quantum mechanical approach of the EY theory, and in particular its extension to the case of strong electron phonon coupling (the so-called generalized EY theory, GEY), can be also treated at a Monte Carlo level. This is explicitly demonstrated for MgB$_2$, where the EY to GEY crossover is observed and is reproduced numerically.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
Work supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) Grant Nr. K119442, by DFG SFB 1277. A.K. acknowledges the Bolyai Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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An Annotated Bibliography of Books Related to Hunting Wild Sheep and Goats of the World
Ken Czech and Raul Valdez
What do you get when you pair the world's foremost bibliographer of English language hunting books with one of the world's leading experts on mountain game? One darn good bibliography . . . which is exactly what Ken Czech and Raul Valdez have produced with this volume. So much of our hunting literature began with the mighty British Empire's quest to stretch itself across the entire globe. From the time of Queen Elizabeth I, the wildest regions on earth were explored, strange animals never before seen were hunted, and books on exploration and hunting...
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AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BOOKS RELATED TO HUNTING THE WILD SHEEP AND GOATS OF THE WORLD
by Dr. Ken Czech and Dr. Raul Valdez
2015 Long Beach, 294pp, illus., 6x9, hardcover, dj.
What do you get when you pair the world's foremost bibliographer of English language hunting books with one of the world's leading experts on mountain game? One darn good bibliography . . . which is exactly what Ken Czech and Raul Valdez have produced with this volume.
So much of our hunting literature began with the mighty British Empire's quest to stretch itself across the entire globe. From the time of Queen Elizabeth I, the wildest regions on earth were explored, strange animals never before seen were hunted, and books on exploration and hunting were penned. As exotic locales slowly became civilized and travel became safer, more convenient, and reliable, sportsmen and women from Britain ventured forth in greater numbers than ever before. The result was an explosion of books that described their adventures and explorations in far-flung parts of the world. These books, often narratives of their lives abroad, were published mostly in London.
The very first titles dedicated to mountains game were devoted to the game of the European Alps, but right on their heels came books on sport in the great Himalayas. This makes sense if one looks at a map of the region, for the Himalayas formed the northern frontier of the Indian subcontinent, an immense area ruled by Great Britain. By 1900 the first mountain hunting books on North America started to appear. After World War II fewer books were published in London, but by that time North American publishers had begun to pick up the slack.
If you enjoy books on wild sheep, markhor, chamois, tahr, ibex, pasang, goral, serow, or any of the other mountain ungulate, you need this book, for it will not only guide you in collecting these books but will also give you insight into what is worthwhile reading. Books on the New Zealand Alps are also included in this work.
Each entry includes the following: title; name of the author; full details on publisher; publication data; page types and count; physical appearance of the binding; and information on plates, maps, photos, and charts. Possibly best of all, the authors give a summary of the content of each book: where the hunting took place, what kind of mountain game was pursued, and anything of unusual note in that particular title.
Czech and Valdez also offer interesting anecdotes about the authors-anything unusual about their works or any special peculiarities that might be of interest to the reader. In all, there are nearly 800 entries to be found herein. This book is accentuated with full-page color photos of many of the great mountain-game titles of the last 160 years.
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Globalisation & Geopolitics
Geopolitical developments in 2023: Which way will the needle move?
China – The year ahead
China's rupture with the West
Time to get the measure of China's Global Security Initiative
New Zealand tops sustainable trade index
Economy, Policy & Business
A look at Indian economic policymaking in 2023
What's in store for the Chinese economy in 2023?
How will global market volatility affect the outlook for Singaporean companies in 2023?
How will the Asian economy fare in 2023?
The role of government in growing insurance
How will digitalisation play out in 2023?
10 commandments for the metaverse – coming soon to a screen near you!
The rise of climate fintech
Despite headwinds, digitalisation continues to drive growth in Southeast Asia
The state of Southeast Asia's digital sectors in 2022
How to arrest growing unhappiness?
Sustainability mantra hits the mainstream as consumers call for change
Bridging data gaps can help tackle the climate crisis
Inseparable in Indonesia: Forests, finance and development planning
What's wrong with France?
What role does nationalism play in China today?
Jiang Zemin put China's economic opening into practice
China: A faster reopening—but at what cost?
When will COVID-19 become endemic?
'Must look good on Instagram': How COVID has changed retailing
How long will it take to understand long COVID?
Southeast Asian consumers' digital habits are fast changing
Home People & Planet The post-pandemic recovery puts ESG in the spotlight
The post-pandemic recovery puts ESG in the spotlight
Piyush Gupta 06.07.2021
ESG frameworks are slowly, but surely, acquiring centre stage as companies acknowledge ESG compliance boosts long-term organisational growth
Piyush Gupta
Partner, RHTLaw Asia
Environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) is fast becoming a public expectation. It is no longer simply an option for businesses. Photo by Shutterstock.
More than a year after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, emerging economies have been especially vulnerable to secondary impacts of the crisis. These include rising inequality, poverty and the erosion of public trust in governments, exposing social responsibility and governance fault lines across continents.
From a South and Southeast Asia standpoint, India and Malaysia's poor handling of the pandemic, human rights abuses by Myanmar's military junta, and pro-democracy protests in Thailand have left people less trusting of their leaders.
In this environment, can businesses fill the leadership void and do the right thing?
Businesses, especially multinational corporations (MNCs), with a presence in emerging economies, now have an opportunity to make an impact with the implementation of sustainable practices that benefit their investors, employees and community.
In fact, positive action in the 'social' and 'governance' domains of environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) is fast becoming a public expectation. It is no longer simply an option for businesses.
The 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer poll results show that businesses are expected to fill the void left by governments. At least 65% respondents agreed that chief executive officers should: a) step in when a country's government does not fix societal problems; b) take the lead on change rather than wait for the particular government to impose changes on them; and c) hold themselves accountable to the public and not just to the board of directors or their shareholders.
While the 'environment' domain of ESG has arguably received the most attention, a company's social and governance attributes are coming under increasing scrutiny as corporations respond to the human and economic cost of the pandemic.
Time to catch-up
There is growing global interest in socially responsible investing. However, we often hear less encouraging news from emerging economies where companies are seemingly falling behind when it comes to ESG.
In Myanmar, a host of MNCs—including Japanese drinks giant Kirin Holdings and French energy conglomerate Total—found their local ventures thrown into disarray following the military coup and the ensuing violent crackdowns. Under pressure, Kirin Holdings scrapped its tie-up with a military-linked company, while Total suspended dividend payments that would benefit the military.
But on closer inspection, these actions seem a little too late given the military's record of human rights violations. Back in 2018, UN investigators said the army carried out mass killings and gang-rapes of Rohingyas with "genocidal intent". Why did MNCs not take stronger action then?
In Malaysia, the world's largest rubber glove maker, Top Glove, enjoyed record profits in 2020. This performance was accompanied by a stunning rise in its share price last year as demand for gloves surged amid the pandemic. But after thousands of workers at the company's production facilities contracted COVID-19, asset manager BlackRock criticised the company's board for failing to safeguard its workers' health and safety while living in the company's dormitories. BlackRock recently voted against the re-election of Top Glove directors. It also intends to vote against the re-election of other incumbent directors at future shareholder meetings to hold them accountable.
That's not all; Top Glove has been hit by a US customs import ban on the company's products over forced labour allegations, stalling its $1 billion Hong Kong listing. More recently, the glovemaker has also been removed from the FTSE4Good Bursa Malaysia index, which measures the performance of publicly listed companies demonstrating strong ESG practices.
These incidents show that failure to comply with ESG standards has real consequences.
More and more companies are gradually moving away from the archaic standpoint of simply making profits for shareholders to ensuring benefits for all stakeholders, including customers, employees, suppliers and the communities they operate in.
Companies conducting business in jurisdictions where human rights violations are rampant must no longer ignore the health and safety of their employees, as well as the social issues that threaten local communities.
Ignoring social issues can weaken a company's competitive position and can also lead to boycotts, labour strikes, community hostility, and loss of licences to operate, all of which can significantly impact future earnings. Enhancing corporate governance and transparency helps avoid future controversies which carry significant reputation risk.
In the fourth quarter of 2020, global inflows into sustainable funds hit a record high of $152.3 billion, with Europe-domiciled funds accounting for almost 80% of total inflows. As ESG considerations become increasingly important to investors, businesses in emerging markets must catch up and strengthen their ESG standards to attract more investments.
Emerging ESG opportunities
While ESG investing remains more established in developed markets than in emerging economies, there are signs that more and more companies across emerging markets are embracing it.
Over the past couple of years, there have been material improvements in corporate governance, transparency, engagement, openness and in understanding environmental and social risks. Companies with emerging markets exposure are gradually positioning themselves as corporate citizens with a responsibility to the communities in which they operate.
One of the world's leading seafood companies, Thai Union Group, launched its global sustainability strategy in 2015 after the company came under fire for forced labour and illegal fishing practices. Since its transformation, the Thai Union Group has received numerous sustainability awards and even ranked first on the Food Product Industry Index of Dow Jones Sustainability Indices in 2018 and 2019.
This is but one example.
Over the past decade, the MSCI Emerging Markets ESG Leaders Index outshone the broader MSCI Emerging Markets Index, with annualised gross returns of 7.56% versus 4.47%, a clear reflection of the success of ESG investing.
As more and more companies realise that higher ESG standards will enable them to attract a higher valuation and have better access to capital, we expect ESG to become more mainstream across emerging markets. Businesses can indeed do well and do good. And those who fail to recognise this will likely be left behind as corporate standards improve globally.
Rethinking global corporate strategies
This change of thinking requires companies to recognise they do not operate in a vacuum. ESG issues affecting the community have deep and hidden links to the operating environment. For companies to effectively manage their businesses, they must plan ahead on appropriate responses to looming threats. Additionally, businesses must also anticipate when and where a flashpoint could emerge and threaten future operations.
Ignoring social issues can weaken a company's competitive position and can also lead to boycotts, labour strikes, community hostility, and loss of licences to operate, all of which can significantly impact future earnings.
The links between ESG standards, corporate strategy and risks have never been clearer than during the COVID-19 pandemic, when companies have had to quickly pivot and respond to unprecedented and unpredictable conditions.
A first step towards strengthening ESG standards would be to transparently set out a company's plans to mitigate ESG risks in the relevant disclosures and reports, followed by concrete action in the right direction. Boards must ensure that companies put in place clearly defined ESG frameworks and implement the right processes to oversee ESG compliance.
Businesses must not only emerge stronger from the pandemic but also ensure their stakeholders recover together. The way to achieve this is to rethink pre-pandemic strategies and to adjust them based on ESG considerations, while embracing new opportunities to do well and do good.
Piyush is a Partner at RHTLaw Asia LLP and heads the firm's Transport & Logistics practice group. With a background in environmental law, Piyush spearheads the law firm's newly established ESG practice under the banner of RHT Green. He has close to two decades of extensive experience, both as a senior in-house counsel as well as a private practitioner. Piyush has deep interest in thought leadership involving the regulatory environment surrounding the use of unmanned aerial vehicles or drones, and has established deep credibility within this domain in Singapore, India and the EU.
World population just passed 8 billion. Here's what it means
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Four ways to fund Vietnam's COP26 climate commitments
'Astonishing': global demand for exotic pets is driving a massive trade in unprotected wildlife
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$500,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to better understand teachers' impact on mathematics learning. The project, in which Dong is a co-principal investigator leading the UNC-Chapel Hill portion of the project, will develop a framework to direct multisite studies of teacher development in mathematics. The project is aimed at improving the scope and quality of evidence produced by "mediation" studies of teacher development in teaching mathematics. Mediation analyses are used to better understand how teachers affect students. More details are here.
Keith Sawyer, the Morgan Distinguished Professor in Educational Innovations, is cited in a special Time magazine publication entitled "The Science of Creativity." Sawyer, who is an expert on creativity and has written several books on the subject, is cited in the special publication, which is available for sale online.
Jeff Greene, associate professor of learning science and psychological studies, is hosting a podcast series exploring topics in educational psychology. In each episode, Greene talks with a researcher about a recent paper published in Educational Psychologist, the leading academic journal in the field. In the first episode, Greene talks with Naomi Winstone about her work exploring how students receive feedback and how to help them do so more effectively. Links to all the episodes are available here.
Lora Cohen-Vogel's participation in a large study to look at how educational policies affect early childhood learning has been profiled on the project's website. Cohen-Vogel is a co-principal investigator for the Early Learning Network project, leading UNC-Chapel Hill's involvement with the study. Cohen-Vogel is investigating how state and local policies affect children's academic success, with emphasis on developing high-quality, actionable research useful for practitioners. The profile of Cohen-Vogel is available here.
Current MAT students and recent graduates who are teaching in Durham Public Schools are being sought to apply for participation in a living and learning community located in Durham. The program, called Duke TeachHouse, is a pilot program in a collaboration with Duke University. The collaboration will support one-year resident TeachHouse fellowships for up to two UNC-MAT graduates or early-career-teachers. The project aims to create a living a learning community for early-career teachers, focused on teacher leadership, innovation in K-12 schools and health and wellbeing. Details about Duke TeachHouse are here. To learn more or to apply for the fellowship, please contact Kristin Papoi, papoi@email.unc.edu.
Dozens of School of Education students, faculty, and alumni have individually signed a statement following the recent events surrounding the "Silent Sam" statue. To read the statement drafted by graduate student James Sadler click here. Anyone wishing to have their name added to the document should contact Sadler at sadlerja@live.unc.edu.
Patrick Akos was selected to serve on the Board of Directors of the Epilepsy Alliance North Carolina. The organization leads the fight to overcome the challenges of living with epilepsy and to accelerate therapies to stop seizures, find cures and save lives.
Minshew, L. M., Barber-Lester, K. J., Derry, S., & Anderson, J. L. (2018, June). Uncovering students' ecological knowledge resources. Poster presented at the meeting of the International Society of the Learning Sciences, London, England.
Harrelson, B., & Brown, K. (2018). Wendy or Chad? Supporting Transgender Youth in Elementary Schools. In D. Griffiths & J. Ryan (Ed.), Case Studies for Inclusive Educators and Leaders (pp.103-110). Burlington, Ontario: Word & Deed Publishing.
Brian Gibbs delivered a talk entitled "Critical Teaching in Complicated Spaces" at the School Curriculum Day at Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools. The talk focused on results from several research projects indicating how important it is for educators to understand the social and political conditions of a school and school community to effectively engage justice-oriented teaching.
Toutkoushian, E., Ryoo, K., Bedell, K., Linn, M.C., & Swearingen, A. (2018). Leveraging Log Data from Simulations to Understand Students' Knowledge Integration Processes. Poster presented in the Knowledge Integration in the Digital Age: Trajectories, Opportunities and Future Directions Symposium at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS) meeting, London, UK.
Toutkoushian, E., & Ryoo, K. (2018). Developing a Method to Use Log Files to Understand NGSS-Aligned Science Learning. Poster presented at the International Educational Data Mining annual meeting, Buffalo, NY.


text:
Candida Symptoms Improved With Supplementation
Author: Dr. Wanona W.
Skill: Naturopath
Word Count: 91
My daughter was experiencing a discharge, mood swings and was not able to get a restful night's sleep. I suggested that she might need minerals, so we started her on the Master Formula HERS vitamins and NingXia Red juice.
In just two short months not only were her symptoms improved, she also did not have cramping with her monthly cycle and tension headaches.
I really did not expect the results to be so quick or so dramatic. I am grateful that she is able to raise her daughter and enjoy her family more.
Additional keyword(s) assigned by the editor: female, hormonal, mood swings, period.
1. Associated topics: mood-swings,menstruation-/-period,menstrual-cramps — "The present study indicated that lavender aromatherapy as a potential therapeutic modality could alleviate premenstrual emotional symptoms, which, at least in part, is attributable to the improvement of parasympathetic nervous system activity. This study further implies that HRV could evaluate the efficacy of aromatherapy using various fragrances to relieve premenstrual symptoms, and ultimately, support the mind and body health of women." Link
2. Associated topics: hormones — "Therapy with beta-caryophyllene [present in many essential oils] may present a promising novel, non-toxic therapeutic option for patients with endometriosis." Link
3. Associated topics: hormones — "After inhalation of clary sage oil, cortisol levels were significantly decreased.... Thyroid stimulating hormone was also reduced.... Clary sage oil has antidepressant-like effect...." Link
4. Associated topics: candida — "As proven in vitro, essential oils [Eucalyptus, Melaleuca Alternifolia, Thyme, Lavender, Lemon, Lemongrass, Cinnamon, Grapefruit, Clove, Sandalwood, Peppermint, Sage] represent a cheap and effective antiseptic topical treatment option even for antibiotic-resistant strains [such] as MRSA and antimycotic [antifungal]-resistant Candida species." Link
5. Associated topics: headache — "Lavender, mint [peppermint], orange, rose, chamomile, rosemary, and sage were used.... Depression levels in the touch-music-aroma therapy group... showed a larger decrease than in the... control groups [that did not include aromatherapy].... [FMS] symptoms such as restless sleep, headache, morning fatigue, exhaustion, feeling like crying, and bowel complaints were also significantly reduced." Link
6. Associated topics: headache — "Peppermint and its active ingredient menthol have long been used for the treatment of various pain conditions including headache.... Menthol solution can be an efficacious, safe and tolerable therapeutic option for the abortive treatment of migraine." Link
7. Associated topics: menstruation-/-period,menstrual-cramps — "Peppermint oil is harmless and acts locally to inhibit GI [gastrointestinal] smooth muscle contraction.... Peppermint oil solution administered intraluminally can be used as an antispasmodic agent with superior efficacy and fewer side effects than hyoscine-N-butylbromide...." Link
8. Associated topics: hormones — "DHEA [a component of PD 80/20], an androstene hormone [precursor to estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, cortisone, and other hormones], has been shown to possess a wide range of beneficial biological effects mainly attributed to immune system modulation.... thus leading to beneficial effects in diverse human diseases including resistance to infection, neuroprotection, wound healing, diabetes, hepatic injury, cardiovascular disease, and cancer." Link


text:
How Amazon's continued expansion into healthcare could buoy the sector
Following Amazon's $3.9 billion acquisition of One Medical, Business Insider reported the company would add mental health services to its portfolio. Although there are skeptics who fear Amazon's privacy track record in the context of healthcare, some say the company's moves could be positive for the industry.
The tech behemoth originally entered the health sector after it acquired PillPack, an online pharmacy, in 2018 and later rebranded as Amazon Pharmacy. The company also provides Amazon Care as a way for individuals in certain states to get treatment.
Although those endeavors seem to be bearing fruit, Amazon also had a failed venture, Haven, with Berkshire and JPM that disbanded after multiple internal issues.
Despite the ups and downs, Amazon said in a press release detailing the One Medical acquisition that it plans to improve the quality of care across the board:
We think health care is high on the list of experiences that need reinvention. Booking an appointment, waiting weeks or even months to be seen, taking time off work, driving to a clinic, finding a parking spot, waiting in the waiting room then the exam room for what is too often a rushed few minutes with a doctor, then making another trip to a pharmacy — we see lots of opportunity to both improve the quality of the experience and give people back valuable time in their days.
Now that Amazon has its own means of medicinal distribution, the acquisition, in a way, could push demand, since the company can now give access to providers across various markets.
For Deena Shakir, a partner at Lux Capital, the move by Amazon shows the value of healthcare for leading tech companies.
"This deal underscores the value that Big Tech is placing on healthcare and the importance of omnichannel/hybrid (brick-and-mortar in addition to virtual) as well as tech-enabled services," Shakir told TechCrunch over email. "It's a better multiple/comp than we are seeing in the public markets right now and shows that there are valuable exit opportunities for companies even in a downturn or icy IPO market."
But for Adrian Aoun, founder of Forward Health, he said he wished Amazon did more.
"You're taking literally the world's most impressive tech company and you're just aiming low," he said.
One Medical, based in San Francisco, provides care in nine markets and serves close to 400,000 people, but for Aoun, that's not enough for Amazon. He explained to TechCrunch that Amazon needed to align themselves with being proactive instead of reactive in healthcare.
"What Amazon just did, is they just aligned with the entirely wrong incentive," Aoun said. "They just literally said, 'we're gonna focus on keeping you at work, not keeping alive.'"
Even though there is a push from the tech giant to expand its own services, Aoun added the company needed to be resourceful.
"Amazon just frankly made what I would argue is one of the classic mistakes in innovation," Aoun said. "They're trying to rebuild the old world. They're not trying to innovate and build the new world [ … ] If you're not really going to innovate then I don't know that this is going to do that much."
Although Amazon's acquisition of One Medical is confirmed to be in progress, the launch of their on-demand therapy has yet to be launched. According to Insider, who originally reported the launch, the product would be given through Amazon Care and was a way for the company to strengthen its healthcare business.
Shakir and Aoun both agree that Amazon's expansion is providing new pressure for startups and investors to enter the space with stronger offerings.
"At the end of the day, healthcare is undoubtedly a massive market opportunity, and the pandemic has shed light on its many inefficiencies and its reliance on technology," Shakir said. "With Amazon now in the market, a delightful consumer experience will be a critical must-have, not just a nice to have. While Big Tech will always play an important role in the healthcare ecosystem, breakthrough innovation is more likely to originate from early-stage entrepreneurs who could partner with Big Tech to scale."
Aoun explained there won't be a need to keep up with Amazon but rather find ways to be creative within the space.
"This actually opens up more opportunity for other players, because now that Amazon's gonna be distracted, frankly, by a strategy that won't go very far. Now, you've got a whole bunch of opportunities for everybody else to start to get in the game," he said.
As Amazon begins to implement its healthcare services in a larger capacity, some have brought up questions about patients' privacy data in light of recent events.
Talkspace and BetterHelp have been in the spotlight as the U.S. Senate earlier this year asked these mental health app providers to give clarification on their data collection and sharing policies after reports alluded that the companies could be sharing data with Meta and Google.
Shakir said Amazon has to understand the space and accept the fact Big Tech companies have a "complicated relationship with healthcare."
"One of the challenges of building a product for healthcare is that it requires not only nuance — understanding clinical workflows and consumer habits — but also must be built within specific constraints such as HIPAA, billing codes, EMR interoperability, etc.," she said. "This can be particularly challenging when innovating within a large company that also has its own stakeholders and competing priorities."
Other tech giants such as Apple and Google have also ventured into healthcare.
Although Apple hasn't acquired a company they have partnered with various healthcare providers to provide healthcare professionals with patient biometric data collected via an Apple Watch. To name a few features, a patient can monitor their heart rate, download apps to help with neonatal care and manage medication intake.
Google on the other hand has been more focused on the research side of healthcare. Through partnerships at various universities, they have been able to expand research in digital well-being, provide information on suicide and expand Fitbit features.
Bigger players focusing on healthcare could steamroll new entrants, but it could also push startups to explore aspects of the space that haven't garnered much attention in past, but that could drive significant improvements for patients and payers alike.
Daily Crunch: Google will unplug its IoT Core service in August 2023


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A Festa de São Pedro e São Paulo, também chamada de Solenidade dos Santos Pedro e Paulo, é uma festa cristã em honra ao martírio em Roma dos apóstolos São Pedro e São Paulo, que é observada em 29 de junho ou no domingo seguinte. A celebração tem origem muito antiga, sendo a data escolhida sendo ou o aniversário da morte ou do translado das relíquias dos santos.

A sua liturgia convida-nos a reflectir sobre estas duas figuras e a considerar o seu exemplo de fidelidade a Jesus Cristo e de testemunho do projecto libertador de Deus.

Na Igreja Católica
No Calendário Romano Geral, ela é celebrada como solenidade. No calendário romano geral de 1962, é uma festa de primeira classe.

É neste dia do ano litúrgico que os recém-apontados bispos metropolitas e arcebispos recebem o símbolo primário de seu cargo, o pálio, diretamente do Papa.

Na Igreja Ortodoxa e nas Igrejas Católicas de Rito Oriental
Para os ortodoxos e para os católicos orientais, esta festa marca o fim do Jejum dos Apóstolos (que começou na segunda seguinte ao Domingo de Todos os Santos (que é o primeiro domingo depois do Pentecostes), ou seja, a segunda segunda-feira após o Pentecostes. É considerado um dia de comparecimento recomendado e no qual o fiel deve prestar uma "Vigília Completa" (costume oriental que agrega as Vésperas, as Meridianas e as Laudes) ou, ao menos, as Vésperas no dia anterior, e a Divina Liturgia na manhã da festa (não há, porém, "Dias de Obrigação" na Igreja Ortodoxa). Para os que seguem o tradicional calendário juliano, a data de 29 de junho cai no dia 12 de julho do calendário gregoriano.

Na tradição ortodoxa russa, é geralmente aceito que o Milagre do Alce de Macário de Unza ocorreu durante o Jejum dos Apóstolos e a Festa dos Santos Pedro e Paulo que se segue a ele.

Importância ecumênica
Em décadas recentes, esta festa, assim como a de Santo André, tem sido importante para o moderno movimento ecumênico como uma ocasião na qual o Papa e o Patriarca de Constantinopla tem comparecido a eventos especialmente preparados para aproximar as duas Igrejas em direção à comunhão completa. Este era especialmente o caso durante o pontificado do Papa João Paulo II, como ele mesmo declarou em sua encíclica Ut Unum Sint.

Observação
Em alguns folhetos de Missa, além da missa do dia, é previsto um formulário para a missa da vigília, com orações e leituras próprias, ou seja, diferentes.

Ver também

 Véspera de São João
 Incidente em Antioquia, um confronto entre Pedro e Paulo.

Ligações externas
  - Ícone e sinaxário da Festa (Ortodoxa)

Festividades de santos


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Q: Controlling android fragment creation order So, I've got 3 fragments in a FragmentActivity. I have an xml layout file with some containers etc. so I setContentView(R.layout.my_activity) and then programmatically add the 3 fragments. 2 of these fragments are used with a FragmentPagerAdapter, so that I can swipe between them.
Now, I need the 2 swipe-able fragments to be created before the other fragment (e.g. the onCreateView methods of fragments 1 and 2 should be called before the onCreateView method of fragment 3). However, fragment 3 is always being created first. The code:
public class MyActivity extends FragmentActivity {

private ViewPager viewPager;
private MyPagerAdapter pagerAdapter;
private Fragment1 fragment1;
private Fragment2 fragment2;
private Fragment3 fragment3;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.my_activity);
    initViewPager();
    initFragment3();
}

private void initViewPager() {
    List<Fragment> pagerFragments = new LinkedList<Fragment>();
    fragment1 = (Fragment1) Fragment.instantiate(this, Fragment1.class.getName());
    fragment2 = (Fragment2) Fragment.instantiate(this, Fragment2.class.getName());
    pagerFragments.add(fragment1);
    pagerFragments.add(fragment2);
    pagerAdapter = new MyPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager(), pagerFragments);
    viewPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.fragment_pager);
    viewPager.setAdapter(pagerAdapter);
}

private void initStatsFragment() {
    fragment3 = new Fragment3();
    FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
    transaction.add(R.id.fragment3_container, fragment3);
    transaction.commit();
}
    ...

I've also tried the above code with this replacement for the initViewPager method:
...
...
private void initViewPager() {
    List<Fragment> pagerFragments = new LinkedList<Fragment>();
    fragment1 = new Fragment1();
    fragment2 = new Fragment2();
    FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
    transaction.add(R.id.swipe_fragment_container, fragment1);
    transaction.add(R.id.swipe_fragment_container, fragment2);
    transaction.commit();
    pagerFragments.add(fragment1);
    pagerFragments.add(fragment2);
    pagerAdapter = new MyPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager(), pagerFragments);
    viewPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.fragment_pager);
    viewPager.setAdapter(pagerAdapter);
}
    ...
    ...

but this produces an error and crashes on launch, similar to the following:
01-30 15:05:06.250: E/AndroidRuntime(2772): java.lang.IllegalStateException: Can't change container ID of fragment Fragment1{416461c8 #1 id=0x7f0b0003 android:switcher:2131427332:0}: was 2131427331 now 2131427332

Can anyone tell me how I might accomplish what it is that I'm trying to do, or suggest something that I could try? I should also mention that re-factoring such that fragment dependency actions are carried out from their constructors is not an option.

A: As indicated in the comments below my question, I decided that re-factoring my code to remove dependencies between fragments was the best way to go. I couldn't/shouldn't rely on what's going on under the hood (i.e. Android fragment instantiation/creation order) for my code to run as I expect it too.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Imagine a mobility solution for members of a coliving residence in 2030!
Presentation with illustrations and text, max. 4 pages in a PDF.
Coliving is an emerging future living scenario which is expected to increase by 2030 among young people who live in cities. Coliving is an arrangement where a group of likeminded individuals share the costs, resources, and sometimes tasks, of living in a large apartment, house, or loft, and usually build a community around a particular set of shared values. It is up to each individual's discretion as to how long they live in such an arrangement. Some individuals might choose to colive for just a few months, while others may choose to colive for many years. Organized and spontaneous social activities are a key component of coliving.
The objective of this contest is to find a perfect mobility solution that can be used fairly by all of the members of a coliving residence in 2030. Today they informally give rides to one another, but members of coliving places are aware that they cannot continually request rides from each other because they believe that such expectations and financial burdens are not fair for those people that own cars. They do not see this as a solution to their everyday mobility needs.
Create an innovative solution for members of a coliving residence in 2030, which will allow them to share the costs and chores of their short term mobility needs with likeminded people, as well as increase joy and flexibility in their lives.
Format: Presentation with illustrations and text, max. 4 pages in a PDF.


text:
Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin West
Non-Profit OrganizationsEntertainmentTour Guide Services
12621 N. Frank Lloyd Wright Scottsdale AZ 85259
Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation
The site offers a range of tours everyday, except Thanksgiving, Christmas, and Easter, 9am-4pm.
Taliesin West is located at the intersection of Frank Lloyd Wright Blvd. and Cactus Road, in Northeast Scottsdale, Arizona. For GPS directions use 12345 N. Taliesin Drive, Scottsdale, AZ, 85258.
Offering a broad range of tours and serving as a venue for evening corporate functions, Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin West is Scottsdale's only National Historic Landmark and a prime example of organic architecture. Frank Lloyd Wright thought of Taliesin West as a home, workplace and architectural laboratory. The Pavilion, the Cabaret, the gracious Garden Room, along with Wright's Office and living quarters are all linked by provocative terraces, gardens and walkways commanding dramatic views of Camelback Mountain and the Valley. Wright's desert masterpiece is located on a scenic desert preserve nestled in the foothills of the McDowell Mountains. Taliesin West offers group tours for company outings and serves as a venue for corporate receptions and dinners. For more info, please visit www.franklloydwright.org or call 602-800-5460.


7PC Modular Rattan Wicker Sofa Set Patio Sectional sells on Ebay USE COUPON CODE "PATIOTIME". I think the price is very good. Please read some of the reviews and see what people thought of the product. Do check how you might qualify for a free shipping offer if available.


text:
DSM sets ambitious targets for personal protection and sustainability of its Dyneema® high performance fibers
Geleen, NL, 09 Dec 2019 09:00 CET
Royal DSM, a global science-based company in nutrition, health and sustainable living, today announces new sustainability ambitions for Dyneema®, the world's strongest fiber™. In doing so, DSM aims to realize a more transparent and circular value chain for Dyneema, including improved sustainable business operations together with partners and suppliers.
Wilfrid Gambade, President DSM Dyneema, discusses new sustainability ambitions
The new targets for DSM's Dyneema portfolio address industry-specific demands and are fully aligned with DSM's commitment to create brighter lives for all and focused on the three key areas in which DSM is driving sustainable markets: Nutrition & Health, Climate & Energy and Resources & Circularity. This follows DSM's strategy 'Growth & Value - Purpose led, Performance driven'.
People protected - 40 million by 2023
With Dyneema, DSM is continuously raising the bar when it comes to realizing healthier and safer working conditions, with a specific focus on personal protection wear and equipment for first responders, law enforcement officers, heavy industry workers and sports enthusiasts across the world. Today, products and solutions with Dyneema protect 30 million people per year and by 2023 the aim is to protect at least an additional 10 million.
Bio-based feedstock - 60% by 2030
DSM is also introducing a bio-based feedstock for Dyneema. By 2030, at least 60% of Dyneema fiber feedstock will be sourced from bio-based raw materials enabling our customers to seamlessly shift to a more sustainable product and solution, without compromising on fiber performance. In this way, DSM is taking the next major step in its sustainability journey, introducing the first ever bio-based ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and further reducing its reliance on fossil-based resources. A mass-balancing approach will be used for the new bio-based Dyneema. The Dyneema bio-based material will be supplied to customers carrying the globally recognized ISCC Plus sustainability certification and will not require re-qualification of downstream products.
Recycling Dyneema at end-of-use
By 2020, DSM will establish an industry coalition consisting of customers, waste processors, and recycling companies to address the recycling of end products made with Dyneema fiber. As a first step, a DSM Circularity Summit with some key partners and recyclers took place in Brussels in November 2019. During the event the participants jointly created and committed to joining the Coalition while also setting clear priorities, establishing a vision of success, creating an action plan, and identifying opportunities to accelerate the transition to a circular economy. DSM believes that the transition towards a more circular economy is only possible by collaborating across the entire value-chain.
Wilfrid Gambade, President DSM Dyneema said: "With our Dyneema portfolio we actively contribute to the development of more sustainable and life-saving products. We are aware of the sustainability challenges concerning our markets and industries and strongly believe that we can set an example by improving our own operations. At the same time, by working closely together with our partners and suppliers, we aim to grow performance and quality when it comes to protecting people and the environment they live in - because all life is precious."
DSM will continue driving its sustainability strategy across all the industries in which Dyneema is used, including law enforcement and personal protection, heavy lifting, maritime, renewable energy, sports and fashion.
Claire Theunissen
Global Manager Communications & External Affairs
DSM Dyneema


text:
RVP Newsletter - January 2022
Issue No. 1
RVP Newsletter
A MESSAGE FROM THE COCHAIRS AND WEBMASTERS
WHAT IS RVP? + RECENT FUNDRAISING UPDATES
HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN PLAIN SIGHT
TIP: CLICK ON THE TITLE TO GO DIRECTLY TO THE PAGE!
CONTACT INFO + LEARN MORE
a message from the co-chairs and the webmasters:
On behalf of the RVP board, we'd like to thank you for reading our inaugural newsletter. Our webmasters have been working extremely hard to put this together. When we first joined RVP, we were welcomed to another world–a world created by passionate high schoolers and advisors to fight the global atrocity of human trafficking. RVP is one of the few organizations that allow high schoolers to have a direct impact on mitigating trafficking in Vietnam and educating the Bay Area about the global health concern. Through this newsletter, we hope to spread awareness about trafficking and update readers about upcoming RVP fundraisers, service events, and leadership opportunities. Happy reading! Sincerely, Ava Fu and Katherine Lim 2021-2022 RVP Co-Chairs
Hey readers!
We are Andy Phung and Jordan Nguyen, and we will be your RVP Webmasters for the 2021-2022 term! Although we're a *bit* late into the term, we're just getting started, and we have a lot in store for you guys this year. As webmasters, we hope to continue this monthly newsletter for the rest of the term and keep you guys updated on our initiative so that anyone, even if you aren't an Interactor or Rotarian, can get involved with RVP! Hopefully, we'll be able to finally have fundraisers, service events, socials, and more to help raise money towards scholarships for girls in Vietnam, which is RVP's main focus. We hope your 2021 was great, even with the pandemic. With the new year here, it's a perfect opportunity to get more involved (or continue) with community service. Anyone can make a difference, even internationally, and even if you're just a high schooler like we are! We hope to meet you guys (in person) this year at an upcoming event. Here's to an even better 2022! Best wishes, Andy & Jordan
What is RVP? RVP, or the Rotary Vietnam Project, is a project that combines Interactors and Rotarians from District 5170 to help raise money for youth at risk of trafficking, dropping out of high school, and/or otherwise being unable to complete their education. Throughout the year, we run fundraisers and events to help bring awareness to human trafficking and work with high schoolers and adults alike to help raise money for Pacific Links, which provides scholarships, programs, technology, and more for students in need. Although we have help from our advisors, RVP is mainly student-run, with Interactors from all over District 5170 helping to create service events, fundraising opportunities, outreach materials, and more! Anyone can get involved with RVP, even if you're not in an Interact or Rotary club! You can support our project in a variety of ways, whether it be through volunteering, donating, or attending our many fundraisers we have planned for the year. Any and all help is greatly appreciated and will help girls in Vietnam be protected from human trafficking and have access to education.
Fundraising Updates The Rotary Vietnam Project had its first fundraiser of the year on December 22, 2021! It was hosted by the Southern and Western Division at Gong Cha in San Jose's Eastridge Mall. The fundraiser was a success, and we managed to raise $54.80 for our mission. We look forward to hosting more fundraisers going into 2022 and continue fighting human trafficking. Best, Jacqueline Pham, South/West Division Lead
human trafficking in plain sight The woman you just walked by? She was forced into sexual exploitation under the premise of repaying a large debt. Kept under close watch at all times and constantly
If you've ever been to Vietnam, you'll be familiar
reminded that her family will suffer if she
with its crowded urban streets. Walking
leaves, she has no hope of breaking free.
through one, you won't see much out of the
These are just a few examples of human
ordinary—just a bunch of citizens going about
trafficking, the use of force, fraud, or
their everyday lives. Looking around, you can
coercion to forcibly control victims, often for
easily find people out bargaining at stalls at the
labor or sexual exploitation.
market, catching up over lunch with their friends, or hailing a motorcycle to get to work—
Globally, around 25 million people are
but it's much harder to spot the hundreds of
trapped in this so-called "modern-day
victims (and soon-to-be victims) of human
slavery", and the majority are exploited for
trafficking among the crowds.
labor.
The young boy you just waved to? He's being led into a truck by a distant relative, who'll send him to another country as a child laborer. As one of the thousands of children being forced to work in a cannabis factory, he'll suffer unimaginable abuse, often while drugged or locked up with no hope of escape. He'll likely die in less than seven years.
rafficking in plain sig t n a ht hum
Traffickers are usually people victims know
All of this is especially pronounced in developing
personally, like a relative or classmate; they
countries like Vietnam, which happens to be a
gain control by preying on their victim's
source country for sex trafficking and forced labor.
needs, starting a cycle of dependency they
With over 700 confirmed victims in the past three
exploit to make a profit. Most victims are in poverty, lacking education, or in debt, making them all the more likely to accept a trafficker's "help" and fall into their trap.
years and possibly thousands more, it's critical that we back efforts to lift citizens out of poverty and educate the children at greatest risk of being trafficked. This is where you come in. We highly encourage
Children who are from an unstable home,
you to support the organizations we've listed on the
have used drugs or alcohol, or have been
last page of this newsletter—with every cent you
sexually abused are at especially high risk of
donate and every hour you volunteer, you'll be
being trafficked.
helping protect the lives of millions.
With the amount of abuse these victims face every day, their mental and physical health understandably takes a huge toll. Traffickers and abusers will oftentimes mercilessly beat, insult, and threaten their victims to force them into submission. This instills extreme fear, stress, and anxiety into victims, hindering their ability to escape or call for help.
R U S O U Y P P W ORT O H S The Blue Heart Campaign is an initiative that aims to help raise awareness to and fight human trafficking. To show your support, draw a blue heart on your hand, take a picture, and tag us @rotaryd5170vietnamproject! 💙
contact us @rotaryd5170vietnamproject @RVP5170 rvpinternationaloutreach@gmail.com rotaryvietnamprojectd5170.org
Interested in sponsoring or collaborating with us? Feel free to reach out at rotaryvietnamprojectd5170@gmail.com for more information.
OTHER ORGANIZATIONS TO SUPPORT:
Pacific Links Our Future of Change Her Future Coalition
UNICEF Save the Children Love146
Sue McKinney


This very good condition mobile kitchen comes packed with all the basic features and essential cooking equipment that you need for making your delicious and innovative meals! To find out what's included and installed inside this food truck, go ahead and check the equipment list section. This is a great buy!
Chevy Food Truck with Pull Behind BBQ Smoker Trailer for Sale in New Mexico!!!
Chevy Food Truck for Sale in North Dakota!!!


Learning and student achievement is at the heart of all we do, within and beyond the curriculum. We are committed to achieving excellence for all our students, whether it is in public examinations, on the sports field, in a technology challenge or by taking part in a musical or dance production; the opportunities are extensive.
Our curriculum is 'Outstanding' (Ofsted), providing students with many choices and different ways of learning.
In addition to this we are fortunate to have a highly dedicated and well qualified staff that teach engaging lessons and support our young people in becoming responsible and successful future citizens.
An outstanding education for all is our vision and the right of every student. I welcome you to visit the College at any time to witness happy, safe and successful learning.


The fresh ones which are black mission ones are high sources of antioxidants and phytonutrients that help in the protection against degenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer, infections, etc.
What Are Figs? What Nutrients Do They Serve With?
Confused with the word Figs? What if I tell you today we are going to talk about Anjeer! Also popular by the name forbidden fruit of the Eden's Garden, there are a number of benefits of figs. Eaten in various forms, they come in two different textures. The raw or say the fresh figs are quite juicy and sweet in taste, while the dried ones are slightly hard and also include a good portion of latex in it, that can lead to skin irritation.
Thinking why are figs healthy? Figs serve you with various nutrients. They are low in calories and are contain other important nutrients like carbohydrates, dietary fiber, sugars, proteins, Vitamin A, Folic Acid, Vitamin C, Calcium, Vitamin K, Magnesium, Potassium, and Phosphorus. Figs are capable to provide you with the daily requirement of the above-mentioned nutrients, and hence, it having them brings much health benefits.
This is one of the various reasons what are figs good for. Constipation is the reason for several other health issues, and figs help you out in getting relief from it. Figs come with highly concentrated fibers that help in the boosting the healthand prevents from constipation by regulating the movement of the bowels. The increased movements of the bowels not only help in constipation cases but is also helpful in getting relief from diarrhea.
As mentioned above, figs come with a good content of dietary fiber which keeps your tummy full for long hours. This reduces your hunger. This is among the prime benefits for those looking for weight loss. When the tummy is full, you would not overeat and intake of extra calories would be reduced. This helps not only in reducing weight but helps in maintaining a healthy weight. Again, overeating figs can also be harmful as they are high in calories which can lead to weight increase. A moderate amount is hence advised.
Reduced cholesterol levels are also included in the dried fighealth benefits list. Figs are a rich source of pectin which is the type of soluble fiber that helps in controlling and reducing the cholesterol. Also, it contains a natural medication for treating cholesterol levels with the help of phytosterols, a compound present in Figs. Hence, whether you are looking for reducing the cholesterol levels, or maintaining the same, figs can be among the best ingredients.
Surprised how can this be included among the benefits of figs? No doubt, figs contain a portion of sugars in them, they still come with a lower GI index that is actually lower than the average. This makes it a good and natural ingredient for treating diabetes as they would not add to your blood sugar levels. Figs supply potassium to your body that helps in boosting the penetration of glucose by the muscle cells which also controls the increase and decrease of the blood sugar levels in the body through any means. However, make sure the intake is limited only.
While making the list of what are figs good for, make a point to include its benefits attached to cancer. Again, the fiber levels in the figs are important for prevention of postmenopausal breast cancer. Similarly, figs are also rich as anti-oxidants along with flavonoids that reduce the free radicals that increase the chances of the formation of cancerous cells. Hence, in this way, figs help in reducing the risk of having breast cancer, prostate cancer,and colon cancer as well.
Figs help you with nutrients like minerals and vitamins that are helpful for your immune system. They are counted among the fruits that supply highest calcium content along with iron, magnesium, Vitamins, potassium, etc. Along with this, the assortment of the antioxidants is also carried out by figs, which is important for giving strong support to the immune system. Hence, in this way, figs provide your body with all the daily required nutrients to make your immune system strong.
For controlling the blood pressure levels, one must increase the potassium levels in the body. Figs are quite low in sodium while contains a good amount of potassium which helps in controlling the blood pressure levels. In this way, you relax the blood vessels and the circulation of blood is carried out properly. A moderate number of figs in your daily intake would help in reducing the chances of hypertension that can lead to other heart issues.
This is a surprising health benefit of figs. Figs were used in the ancient times for the treatment of venereal diseases. Figs can be used in two different ways oftreating the sexually transmitted issues. The first is by using it as an ointment or by having the required number of figs in your diet daily. There are various symptoms that lead to dangerous sexually transmitted disease that has been cured with figs.
Bone health is another answer to what are figs good for. Figs are rich in every nutrient that is helpful in promoting strong bones like calcium, Vitamin K, magnesium, Vitamin D, zinc, etc. Even when a small portion of figs when added to dairy products, especially milk, can help in boosting boon health. It also increases the synthesis in the bones and helps in its maintenance.
Did you ever know figs help the patients suffering from sexual dysfunctions like endurance dysfunction, sterility, erectile dysfunction, etc?It comes with a good quantity of calories, minerals, vitamins, etc. that help in boosting the stamina levels and energy that is helpful during the treatment of sexual dysfunctions. For this, since ancient times, figs are used after soaking them few figs in milk overnight and having them in the morning on empty stomach.
Figs are not only good for your health but are there are also benefits of figs for hair and skin. The laxative content in the figs flush out the toxins from the body that can lead to skin issues like acne, rashes, etc. It is also helpful in fighting against inflammation and skin redness. Similarly, the calcium combination figs provide to the body are also helpful for having healthy and strong hair. It is also used in oils, shampoos, and conditionersthat promote quick hair growth.
Along with all these, some of the dried fig health benefits also include the treatment of respiratory issues like a cough, asthma, whooping, etc. It is also helpful for a headache, boils, fever, stomach pain, intestinal conditions, liver problems, etc.
What Precautions Should Be Carried Out While Using Figs?
Are figs healthy? Yes, now you will surely have a number of reasons to explain this. But, just as there are benefits of including them in your diet, there are some precautions too that need to be looked after. Here are some things that one needs to keep in mind while having figs.
Having too many figs can give you a heavy feeling on your stomach, that can lead to stomach pain too.
Figs can also lead to bloating.
Using figs for the treatment of chronic skin diseases can lead to sun sensitivity which can lead to skin issues like melanoma, premature aging, skin cancer,etc.
The seeds in the figs cannot be digested easily that can be harmful to the liver and the intestine.
Figs also contain oxalates, and hence, too much of intake can lead to a deficiency of calcium as the element absorbs calcium from the body.
Bleeding is also a side effect of having too much of figs as their nature is warm.
If one is allergic to figs, the intake can result in rhinitis, anaphylactic shock, conjunctivitis, etc.
So, want to benefit from figs? The benefits are already in front of you to give you a reason to begin. But make sure you bound up the limitations.