Our ONE LIFE initiative and goal of reaching 100,000 people across the state of Pennsylvania continues to give us the opportunity to launch new LCBC locations. Through your continued generosity, we're excited to announce 3 new locations that we hope to have up and running by Summer 2017.
The first location is in Hanover, PA, where 75-100 people have been traveling from on the weekend to attend our York campus. LCBC has purchased a building in Hanover to accommodate growth for this new location. We believe launching a location in this region will allow us to reach the surrounding communities of Hanover with a smaller building model and a greater impact. Representatives from our York campus will work on launching Hanover this summer.
Our second new location is Hazleton, PA, where we are currently under contract for a building that was formerly The Hollywood Diner. This location will be where our Hill City Church affiliate calls home as they move from their 2-year affiliate status to an LCBC location. Hill City Church has gone from 75 people prior to LCBC to 175 people with LCBC over their time as an affiliate, and we are so excited to welcome them as an LCBC campus into their new location in Hazleton.
The final location is in Shamokin, PA, which is located in Coal Township. The region is a small area that's home to local residents, including LCBC attendees Vince and Crystal Hoover. Vince and Crystal attended LCBC Manheim and LCBC Harrisburg before moving back to the Shamokin area to be closer to family. There, they struggled to find a home church, and began gathering with a group of friends in their home to watch LCBC messages. Their gatherings soon grew, and they realized that if given a bigger space, they could begin to gather over 100 people to watch messages together. For that reason, we decided to lease Vince and Crystal a storefront in Coal Township where they can house people and have the technology to watch LCBC messages on the weekend. This new Shamokin location will allow the small LCBC community there to grow into a larger one with an established location.
We can't wait to see what further changes will be possible through your continued giving to the ONE LIFE initiative. As we work toward launching these new locations, we ask that you take time to pray over each of them—that they may each be instrumental in introducing more people to Jesus across Pennsylvania.


Polka Dot Overload | Sewing, knitting & vintage projects, tips, tutorials and cartoons!: Happy 30th to Me! + The Boxing Basqiat Baby Onesie!
Happy 30th to Me! + The Boxing Basqiat Baby Onesie!
Or maybe we can, considering how strong her belly-shaking kicks are!
According to all my pregnancy books, Cartoonist Baby is even DREAMING now. Which naturally leads to the question--what do babies dream about?
Probably not patterns and fabric.
... which is just Kwik Sew 2433 sewn up from one of my husband's favorite (but now too-small) Brooklyn Industries T-shirts that I happened to spy in our massive Goodwill-bound donation pile. The edges are bound with satiny purple FOE (foldover elastic) for a SLIGHT girly touch.
The subject. Masheka and I are both artistic and literary types, as you might have guessed. Cartoonist Baby's first name is shared with a famous black woman writer (not sure if I'll be revealing her name on this blog yet, you'll have to guess for now!) and I like that she also has one of our favorite artists, the late great Jean-Michel Basquiat, on her shirt, too!
The colors. I love wearing pink myself, but why does everything for girls have to be doused in Pepto-Bismol and covered in bows and flowers? I felt like the purple foldover elastic binding I did added just a touch of girly without being overwhelming.
This may be the rockin'-est onesie ever. I LOVE IT!!
The awesomeness of this can never, ever be overstated.
Oh wow! Very nicely done!
this is so cute! we have a boy & i've been wanting to make onesies out of my husbands old t's since they mentioned it on the gilmore girls.
yours is beautiful though. the color is great. i love pink as well, but it seems the majority of girls clothes are in some heinous shade of fuschia.


Iconic menswear brand Fabiani gives classic tailoring a fashion forward pop by championing luxury street-wear - A/W2015's hottest trend!
The fashion team identified a growing international movement towards the combining of contemporary garments with sportswear apparel. The effortless juxtaposition results in an unconventionally edgy look fit for the modern man of today. Pioneered by the stylish and eccentric, the look has been reinterpreted and given a quintessentially Italian feel by drawing inspiration from 21st century vintage motorsport.
A Return To Form has its foundation in suiting but sees the introduction of urban street wear and represents a more thoughtful and measured way of dressing. The collection also aims to educate the Fabiani man on the intrinsic components of character pieces such as the iconic Wool Stretch Suit and how these traditional tailored garments can be given an urban spin.
At 9pm on Saturday 7th of March 2015 Fabiani will showcase the collection at Mercedes Benz Fashion Week Johannesburg at the Melrose Arch Piazza. Polos emblazoned with Italian insignia, slim fit chinos, lux trainers and sporty headwear will be styled alongside bespoke one-off showstoppers. A Return To Form promises to deliver a sophisticated aesthetic point of view with an innovative Fabiani twist.


Buy NFL Cincinnati Bengals A.J. Green Ticket and Team Coin Desktop Display from $49.99 at Bed Bath & Beyond. Celebrate your favorite NFL player in action with this NFL Ticket and Team Coin Desktop Display. It features a wood base with engraved team name, a color player ticket with stats on back and includes a commemorative 39mm minted team coin in clear acrylic.Celebrate your favorite NFL player in action with this NFL Ticket and Team Coin Desktop Display. It features a wood base with engraved team name, a color player ticket with stats on back and includes a commemorative 39mm minted team coin in clear acrylic.
Celebrate your favorite NFL football player in action with this custom framed NFL Quote Photo Mint. Featuring a motivational quote, this double-matted numbered photo mint comes with a minted 39mm silverplate team coin and a Certificate of Authenticity.
Commemorate your favorite NFL player with the limited edition NFL Tom Brady Bronze Coin Photo Mint. Showcasing an action shot of Tom Brady, this collectable is highlighted with a minted 39mm bronze team coin and a 39mm bronze NFL coin.
Commemorate your favorite NFL player with the limited edition NFL Phillip Rivers Bronze Coin Photo Mint. Showcasing an action shot of Philip Rivers, this collectable is highlighted with a minted 39mm bronze team coin and a 39mm bronze NFL coin.
Commemorate your favorite NFL player with the limited edition NFL Dak Prescott Bronze Coin Photo Mint. Showcasing an action shot of Dak Prescott, this collectable is highlighted with a minted 39mm bronze team coin and a 39mm bronze NFL coin.
Commemorate your favorite NFL player with the limited edition NFL Antonio Brown Bronze Coin Photo Mint. Showcasing an action shot of Antonio Brown, this collectable is highlighted with a minted 39mm bronze team coin and a 39mm bronze NFL coin.
Celebrate your favorite NFL player with the NFL Elite Series Minted Coin Photo Mint. This unique wall piece features a numbered 8"x10" action print of your favorite player matted under glass with a 39mm minted commemorative team coin.


Consumers are set to see an increase in mortgage interest rates over the next few years, a representative from Ducalian has predicted.
Timothy Lambert suggested the number of cheaper products that are available for a fixed term will gradually decrease and interest rates will start to go up.
He made his remarks in response to research by Sainsburys Insurance, which found the cost of running a home has fallen by 14 per cent over the past two years.
Mr Lambert claimed the reason for this is the current low interest rates on mortgages, which he described as "cheap".
However, he added: "These figures are positive now, but also very much a short-term result. I very much doubt they will be the same in 12 months."
The Ducalian representative noted many people may be surprised by the figures released by Sainsburys Insurance, particularly with the increases in the cost of utilities currently being mooted.


Triple Plus: Our Top Grade, awarded only to sides that sound just right in our experience. The ultimate in sound for that album, often Demo Disc Quality. These are very special records, the best we can find.
Double Plus to Triple Plus: An exceptional side that is just a small step below our best Triple Plus copies but clearly better than a Double Plus. You'll have an incredibly tough time finding a better sounding side.
Double Plus: A side that should be dramatically better than the average copy or any audiophile reissue. An extremely impressive side that will be very hard to beat.
Single Plus to Double Plus: A wonderful sounding side with many impressive qualities, notably better than a Single Plus copy. A big step up from the typical pressing.
Single Plus: A side that is better than the average copy. It should beat most pressings and audiophile reissues in a head-to-head shootout.
Notes on the grades we use, with each vinyl playgrade correlated to the standard 1 to 10 scale, 10 being the quietest.
An unusually quiet record. Rarely will a well-cared-for, properly pressed modern record (say from the '70s up to today) play this quiet after cleaning. Records from the '50s and '60s will almost never qualify for this grade, regardless of what kind of music they containl. Classical records, with so many quiet passages in the music, will rarely play Mint Minus.
On any given day less than twenty records on our site will be graded Mint Minus. To find them click here.
Between Mint Minus and Mint Minus Minus. This is a very typical grade for a very clean record from the '70s or '80s. There will be some surface noise, likely in the quietest passages, but overall the surface noise should not be objectionable to most. Customers often remark how quiet our records are with this grade. We are very conservative graders.
Typical vinyl for '50s & '60s recordings and very common for classic rock records from the likes of Led Zeppelin, The Rolling Stones, Jimi Hendrix and so on. Will probably have constant light surface noise behind the music but it should not be of a terribly objectionable nature. Might have a click or pop here and there but nothing that repeats for very long. We make every effort to comment upon marks that make more than three ticks or pops. For many vintage records, even after a good cleaning this is as quiet as they will play.
Surface noise will be more objectionable but still tolerable. This grade is rarely used, if for no other reason than the fact that most audiophiles will not put up with vinyl that plays this poorly. At this grade and below this grade we rarely will bother to list such a record. M-- to EX++ records are a bit quieter and may be listed in the case of excellent, hard-to-find recordings.
It's rare for us to have a record returned for sound or condition, most customers consider us very conservative in our sonic grades and vinyl playgrades. This is because we play a ton of records every day and make every effort to grade accurately. Your satisfaction is always guaranteed on all counts.
Check our our 30 Day Money Back Guarantee, good for every Hot Stamper on the site.


This Corsair RAM has 16GB DDR4 memory clocked at a speed of 3000MHz.
It is made up of 4 sticks and has a voltage of 1.35V.
3000MHz Speed defines how many data transfers can be made per second.
DDR4 RAM is the latest technology and has the highest performance limits of any market RAM. Not yet available to consumers, it offers various improvements over DDR3 including both power efficiency and performance. While its improvements may be less marked than those of earlier iterations, new motherboards are going to begin implementing DDR4 as standard, which should be kept in mind when purchasing new RAM.
With a total memory of 16GB, the Corsair DOMINATOR® Platinum Series 16GB (4 x 4GB) DDR4 3000 (PC4-24000) 3000MHz C15 memory kit for DDR4 Systems (CMD16GX4M4B3000C15) has the capacity to help run a huge array of applications or a very effective server. It goes above and beyond any gaming or general PC usage requirements, and can push the performance of applications like Photoshop - that can utilize a huge amount of designated memory - to the extreme. This Corsair DDR4 RAM has a speed of 3000MHz. RAM speed is not a crucial feature, but it does contribute significantly to PC games and certain applications like video-editing software. 3000MHz is among the fastest speeds available on the market, so this RAM will exhibit superb performance helping to run either of these.
The RAM timings reflect different performance benchmarks. The first number, the CL, or CAS (Column Address Strobe) latency, is the time it takes to send a column address and get a response. This Corsair DDR4 RAM has a CL of 15. Generally speaking, the lower the latency the better, but there are other contributing factors such as clock speed.
The second number, the tRCD, or Row Address to Column Address Delay, is the required clock cycles necessary after a row of memory is opened before columns within it can be accessed. The tRCD of this Corsair DDR4 RAM is 17.
The third number, the tRP, or Row Precharge Time, is the clock cycles necessary after the precharge command is executed before the next row can be opened. The tRP of this RAM is 17.
The last number, the tRAS, or Row Active Time, is the clock cycles necessary after a bank active command before the ensuing precharge command is executed. The tRAS of this RAM is 35.


Blog – Page 2 – Pasig Real Estate Board, Inc.
Access our articles about activity announcements and post-activity reports!
1. The Comprehensive Real Estate Seminar and Review (CRESAR) which started last January 17, 2011 was finished (60 credit units).
2. The PRB Blog Team started a mentoring program that introduced the members to blogging. Hopefully this sessions will continue until participants will be able to put up their own blogsite.
To those who finished today's activities congratulations!
May you have a more fruitful year ahead.
The General Membership Meeting will be today, January 27, Thursday at 4:30 pm. Venue is at Circulo Verde showroom, Ground Floor, Connecticut Carpark (behind Max's Restaurant) Greenhills Shopping Center, San Juan.
The newest project in San Juan, the Viridian at Greenhills. Click for more details.
Several important issues will be discussed, such as the updates on the ongoing CRESAR series, PRC updates regarding real estate education and licensure, proposed committee projects for this year, and the launch of our very own web site, "the PRB blog site".
Learn how we can communicate and do business in the fastest and most efficient way, get announcements from the board of trustees, follow on feature articles, read news & updates, and get links to individual members' own sites and see their listings.
The site is envisioned to be a great tool for business, as well as the catalyst for web education and training for the members of our board.
There will also be a presentation by Toto on the newest development in San Juan: the Viridian at Greenhills.
The Pasig REALTORS Board is already on its 20th year this coming week, so join us in today's meeting as we start the year's celebration.
The first three to come will get these REALTOR pins and sticker.
There was an opportunity to visit two friends in Austin, Texas last November 9 and 10 after the National Association of REALTORS Convention in New Orleans (see my previous blogpost for the New Orleans story).
1. Friendship trancends time and space; you become friends because you decide to become friends – Mauro is a friend from 1st grade who I haven't seen for a long time. Over the years we've only heard about each other through other friends. Lately though, we had contacted one another through our batch's egroup. It was from that communication that the plan to meet was hatched.
2. You don't need to be friends for a long time to become friends for life – From the egroup, I learned about Rigel, who joined the batch when they were in High School. The visit in Texas was the first time we've met. However we found out that we have a lot in common: swimming, biking, ham radio, computers, table tennis, keeping fit, our faith, family, and our friends.
3. Time is valuable for friendship to blossom – We only had a short time but we spend a good deal of it in meaningful activities. We have deep conversation over pancakes and salad at IHOP. We had pictorials at the Texas Capitol building and elsewhere. Mauro recorded an interview and taught me how to make videos (he gave me a flip videocam). Rigel explained to me how to blog. How wonderful and amazing.
Indeed, there is nothing bigger than the friendship I have with Mauro and Rigel. After that visit, I have seen the truth to the saying: "everything is big in Texas".
To my dear friends, thank you.
This is the Christmas Greeting Card sent by the Pasig REALTORS to their clients, friends, and loved-ones. The card is very interesting because of the holiday video attached to it. The three videos were made by REALTORS who won the National Association of REALTORS (NAR) 2010 Holiday Video Contest. Click here to see the winners.
I was fortunate to hear PAREB history as narrated by Realtor Ernesto G. Castañeda during the PAREB Induction and Awarding Ceremonies last December 9, 2010. The event was held at the Manila Hotel as part of the Christmas Party celebrations of the Philippine Association of REALTORS® Boards, Inc. (PAREB). PAREB is the leading brokers association in the Philippines with more than 4,000 members. Mr. Castañeda is 96 years old and was the PAREB National President from 1968 to 1969.
When he walked to the stage to induct the new set of national officers for 2011, most of us couldn't believe that at his age he is as strong as any of the younger Realtors. He spoke clearly and has good eyesight as he was able to read the Oath of Office without glasses. His memory was still sharp; in fact he remembers well the story that led to the creation of PAREB 50 years ago.
According to him, PAREB was created from a group of Manila-based real estate brokers with two American journalists. They planned to have the group accredited with the REALTORS® association in the United States. A special mention was made of ethics as a character of the new organization and its goal to set a high ethical standard in the real estate profession.
As a practicing licensed broker (DTI Lic. No. 19164), I liked Mr. Castañeda giving importance to ethics because I believe ethical practice is one of the distinctive mark of a REALTOR®. My analogy to this is, if there are "high end" and "low end" products, a "special" or "regular" food; in real estate brokerage there is a REALTOR® who is distinct from an unlicensed practitioner.
I must confess I was awed by Mr. Castañeda. For me he exemplifies the highly ethical and principled Realtor. It was his loving concern for the well being of others that made him share the secret on the ingredient of his long life.
And do you now know what that secret is? Just listen to Realtor Raffy Salaveria's video below.
I won't tell you myself. After all it is a secret.


To learn more about how your custom furniture is designed and created, visit our Design Process page. Here you will see the progression of starting with a simple sketch that transforms into a finished piece for your home or business. Learn about how the furniture is custom designed and handcrafted by a craftsman and artist that creates beautiful pieces of custom furniture from often unique sources.
When it comes to creating your furniture, we are confident in all aspects of your custom design and fabrication; from the material selection to the expert and meticulous craftsmanship that goes into every detail. So, what sets Naples Custom Furniture apart from any other company in this area? It's our unique ability to craft using solid wood, veneers, laminates, steel, stainless steel or copper. We work with any material that is needed to create your one-of-a-kind custom furniture piece and give it that special touch that makes it exclusively you.
The samples below represent only a small sample of the types of wood and metal materials Naples Custom Furniture builds with. If you do not see the material you are interested in below, please contact us to let us know what you need for your Custom Furniture.
Do you have a large-scale project that is need of custom design and fabrication? Naples Custom Furniture has the experience to handle both Commercial and Residential large-scale fabrication. Some of our past projects include liturgical furnishings, large commercial clocks, wrought-iron handrails and entire staircases.
Lets schedule a time to meet and discuss your project or idea. Our portfolio lets you view a selection of our past projects that have been completed for Private Clients, Designers and Architects.


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text:
Q: Twilio Twiml use gather, say and redirect question I am trying to loop through a  and give the customer 5 seconds then repeat prompt again, wait 5 seconds and after that redirect to my error handler. It is not clear how to do this in the documentation.
What I have found is the solutions to do  the  then  to my current url, but this will just loop continuously and not what we want. We need to stop after n number of times.
 gather.say(
        'Please enter or say your 10 Digit Account number.',
            {voice: 'alice', language: 'en-GB'}
    );

    gather.pause({
        length: 5
    });

    twiml.redirect({
        method: 'POST',
    }, '/ivr/wager/account');

A: If you are up to using Twilio Studio, there is an example using the Set Variable Widget as a counter along with Liquid Syntax, to increment the counter, otherwise you will need to maintain your own counter, which gets incremented, using a URL query parameter appended to your Redirect URL. See Twilio Function code below.
Set Variables
exports.handler = function(context, event, callback) {

  let twiml = new Twilio.twiml.VoiceResponse();
  let counter = event.count || 0;

  if (counter < 3) {
    counter ++;
    let gather = twiml.gather({action: `https://anonymous-1234.twil.io/gatherLoopCheck`, input: ' dtmf',
    timeout: 3,
    numDigits: 1})
    .say("Please enter a digit");
    twiml.redirect(`https://anonymous-1234.twil.io/gatherLoopCheck?count=${counter}`);
  return callback(null, twiml);
  } else {
    twiml.say("You've reached the limit!");
    return callback(null, twiml);
  }
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The first piece of known typewriter art was a "drawing" of a butterfly by Flora F. F. Stacey in 1898; since then, artists, designers, poets, and writers have used this rigorous medium to produce an astounding range of creative work.
This beautiful book brings together some of the best examples by typewriter artists around the world. As well as key historical work from the Bauhaus, H. N. Werkman, and the concrete poets, there is art by contemporary practitioners, both typewriter artists who use the keyboard as a "palette" to create artworks, and artists/typographers using the form as a compositional device. The book will appeal to graphic designers, typographers, artists, and illustrators, and anyone fascinated by predigital technology.


text:
Jessie Diggins, Kikkan Randall won gold medal in photo finish
As if winning the first Olympic gold for America in cross-country skiing weren't already thrilling enough, the tight margin by which Jessie Diggins and Kikkan Randall won added an extra level of drama to the matter.
Diggins chased down Sweden's Stina Nilsson and outstretched her to cross the finish line first in the women's team free sprint by 0.19 seconds:
This is the moment that the U.S. team of Kikkan Randall and Jessie Diggins won the USA's first Gold Medal in cross-country skiing (Credit: Omega Ltd., 2018, rights holder). pic.twitter.com/ftHb9n8hPx
— SI Olympics (@si_olympics) February 21, 2018
Watching Diggins come from behind to overtake Nilsson was special.
"In the final stretch I was just thinking, Go, go, go, I'm giving it everything I had and I've got someone who I really love and care about waiting for me at the finishing line and I just want to make her proud," Diggins said, via the New York Times.
Diggins and Randall combined for a gold medal-winning time of 15:56.47. They were 0.19 seconds ahead of Sweden and 2.97 seconds ahead of Norway's team to win gold.
Not only was it the first Olympic gold for the U.S. in cross-country skiing, but it was the first cross-country skiing medal for the country since 1976. And while the finish wasn't quite as tight as one we saw in speedskating, the comeback victory was one heck of a way to get it done.
2018 Winter Olympics, Jessie Diggins, Kikkan Randall
Follow Larry Brown Sports on Twitter | Like us on Facebook for latest news
Read more LBS stories:
Texas A&M QB Kellen Mond: LSU players were cramping during 7-OT game
LeBron James had Anthony Davis over for Taco Tuesday
Angels, Astros get into it after Jake Marisnick hit by pitch
Kenley Jansen blames comebacker for blown save
Clippers appear to have found Ralph Lawler's successor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


MIAMI (January 20, 2019) - The Miami FC announced on Sunday morning the signing of three new players. Brenton Griffiths, Lance Rozeboom and Mohamed Thiaw will be on Miami's roster for the 2019 season.
Griffiths is coming off of two successful seasons with Reno 1868, having helped Reno reach the Western Conference Semifinals in 2018. At 6-3, Griffiths has the size and vertical ability to win through the air, as well as speed to win on the ground in central defense.
Rozeboom joins Miami after spending last season with the Tampa Bay Rowdies in the USL. Rozeboom played for Ottawa Fury from 2016 to 2017 and is a seasoned veteran. He previously played for head coach Paul Dalglish with the Austin Aztex and Fury.
Thiaw was selected by the San Jose Earthquakes in the 2018 MLS SuperDraft, but spent the 2018 season on loan at Reno 1868, scoring three goals and providing two assists over 24 appearances. A 6-2 forward with technical ability, Thiaw can play all along the attacking line.


text:
Q: Unity Shader with SCript to WebGL? Does anyone know how to recode a Shaderlab Shader from Unity with an Script to WebGL Website?
The original code is from Shadertoy. It was then recoded so it works with Unity. (Original Source
I don't know much about shaders so, yeah maybe there is an tutorial out there or you can help me directly with that.
Script:
`
// Add script to quad and assign material with shader. Play.
// Use left mouse to paint

using UnityEngine;

public class ChimerasBreath : MonoBehaviour
{
    public int Resolution = 1024;
    public Material material;
    RenderTexture RTA1, RTA2, RTB1, RTB2, RTC1, RTC2, RTD1, RTD2;
    bool swap = true;

    void Blit(RenderTexture source, RenderTexture destination, Material mat, string name, int pass)
    {
        RenderTexture.active = destination;
        mat.SetTexture(name, source);
        GL.PushMatrix();
        GL.LoadOrtho();
        GL.invertCulling = true;
        mat.SetPass(pass);
        GL.Begin(GL.QUADS);
        GL.MultiTexCoord2(0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
        GL.Vertex3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
        GL.MultiTexCoord2(0, 1.0f, 0.0f);
        GL.Vertex3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
        GL.MultiTexCoord2(0, 1.0f, 1.0f);
        GL.Vertex3(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
        GL.MultiTexCoord2(0, 0.0f, 1.0f);
        GL.Vertex3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
        GL.End();
        GL.invertCulling = false;
        GL.PopMatrix();
    }

    void Start ()
    {
        RTA1 = new RenderTexture(Resolution, Resolution, 0, RenderTextureFormat.ARGBFloat);  //buffer must be floating point RT
        RTA2 = new RenderTexture(Resolution, Resolution, 0, RenderTextureFormat.ARGBFloat);  //buffer must be floating point RT
        RTB1 = new RenderTexture(Resolution, Resolution, 0, RenderTextureFormat.ARGBFloat);  //buffer must be floating point RT
        RTB2 = new RenderTexture(Resolution, Resolution, 0, RenderTextureFormat.ARGBFloat);  //buffer must be floating point RT
        RTC1 = new RenderTexture(Resolution, Resolution, 0, RenderTextureFormat.ARGBFloat);  //buffer must be floating point RT
        RTC2 = new RenderTexture(Resolution, Resolution, 0, RenderTextureFormat.ARGBFloat);  //buffer must be floating point RT
        RTD1 = new RenderTexture(Resolution, Resolution, 0, RenderTextureFormat.ARGBFloat);  //buffer must be floating point RT
        RTD2 = new RenderTexture(Resolution, Resolution, 0, RenderTextureFormat.ARGBFloat);  //buffer must be floating point RT
        GetComponent<Renderer>().material = material;
    }

    void Update ()
    {
        RaycastHit hit;
        if (Input.GetMouseButton(0))
        {
            if (Physics.Raycast(Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition) , out hit))
                material.SetVector("iMouse", new Vector4(
                    hit.textureCoord.x * Resolution, hit.textureCoord.y * Resolution,
                    1.0f,
                    1.0f));
        }
        else
        {
            material.SetVector("iMouse", new Vector4(-1000.0f, -1000.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f));
        }

        material.SetInt("iFrame",Time.frameCount);
        material.SetVector("iResolution", new Vector4(Resolution,Resolution,0.0f,0.0f));

        if (swap)
        {
            material.SetTexture("_BufferA", RTA1);
            Blit(RTA1, RTA2, material, "_BufferA", 0);
            material.SetTexture("_BufferA", RTA2);

            material.SetTexture("_BufferB", RTB1);
            Blit(RTB1, RTB2, material, "_BufferB", 1);
            material.SetTexture("_BufferB", RTB2);

            material.SetTexture("_BufferC", RTC1);
            Blit(RTC1, RTC2, material, "_BufferC", 2);
            material.SetTexture("_BufferC", RTC2);

            material.SetTexture("_BufferD", RTD1);
            Blit(RTD1, RTD2, material, "_BufferD", 3);
            material.SetTexture("_BufferD", RTD2);

        }
        else
        {

            material.SetTexture("_BufferA", RTA2);
            Blit(RTA2, RTA1, material, "_BufferA", 0);
            material.SetTexture("_BufferA", RTA1);

            material.SetTexture("_BufferB", RTB2);
            Blit(RTB2, RTB1, material, "_BufferB", 1);
            material.SetTexture("_BufferB", RTB1);

            material.SetTexture("_BufferC", RTC2);
            Blit(RTC2, RTC1, material, "_BufferC", 2);
            material.SetTexture("_BufferC", RTC1);

            material.SetTexture("_BufferD", RTD2);
            Blit(RTD2, RTD1, material, "_BufferD", 3);
            material.SetTexture("_BufferD", RTD1);

        }
        swap = !swap;
    }

    void OnDestroy ()
    {
        RTA1.Release();
        RTA2.Release();
        RTB1.Release();
        RTB2.Release();
        RTC1.Release();
        RTC2.Release();
        RTD1.Release();
        RTD2.Release();
    }
}

`
Shader:
`
// Original reference: https://www.shadertoy.com/view/4tGfDW
// Translated from GLSL to HLSL by Przemyslaw Zaworski

Shader "ShaderToy/Chimeras Breath"
{
    SubShader
    {

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        CGINCLUDE
        #pragma vertex VSMain
        #pragma fragment PSMain

        Texture2D _BufferA;
        Texture2D _BufferB;
        Texture2D _BufferC;
        Texture2D _BufferD;
        SamplerState _LinearClamp;
        SamplerState _LinearRepeat;
        int iFrame;
        float4 iMouse;
        float4 iResolution;

        #define dt 0.15
        #define USE_VORTICITY_CONFINEMENT
        #define VORTICITY_AMOUNT 0.11

        float mag2(float2 p)
        {
            return dot(p,p);
        }

        float2 point1(float t)
        {
            t *= 0.62;
            return float2(0.12,0.5 + sin(t)*0.3);
        }
        float2 point2(float t)
        {
            t *= 0.62;
            return float2(0.88,0.5 + cos(t + 1.5708)*0.3);
        }

        float4 solveFluid(Texture2D smp, float2 uv, float2 w, float time, float3 mouse, float3 lastMouse)
        {
            const float K = 0.2;
            const float v = 0.55;
            float4 data = smp.SampleLevel (_LinearRepeat, uv, 0.0);
            float4 tr = smp.SampleLevel (_LinearRepeat, uv + float2(w.x , 0), 0.0);
            float4 tl = smp.SampleLevel (_LinearRepeat, uv - float2(w.x , 0), 0.0);
            float4 tu = smp.SampleLevel (_LinearRepeat, uv + float2(0 , w.y), 0.0);
            float4 td = smp.SampleLevel (_LinearRepeat, uv - float2(0 , w.y), 0.0);
            float3 dx = (tr.xyz - tl.xyz)*0.5;
            float3 dy = (tu.xyz - td.xyz)*0.5;
            float2 densDif = float2(dx.z ,dy.z);
            data.z -= dt*dot(float3(densDif, dx.x + dy.y) ,data.xyz); //density
            float2 laplacian = tu.xy + td.xy + tr.xy + tl.xy - 4.0*data.xy;
            float2 viscForce = float2(v,v)*laplacian;
            data.xyw = smp.SampleLevel (_LinearRepeat,uv - dt*data.xy*w, 0.0).xyw; //advection
            float2 newForce = float2(0,0);
            newForce.xy += 0.75*float2(.0003, 0.00015)/(mag2(uv-point1(time))+0.0001);
            newForce.xy -= 0.75*float2(.0003, 0.00015)/(mag2(uv-point2(time))+0.0001);
            if (mouse.z > 1. && lastMouse.z > 1.)
            {
                float2 vv = clamp(float2(mouse.xy*w - lastMouse.xy*w)*400., -6., 6.);
                newForce.xy += .001/(mag2(uv - mouse.xy*w)+0.001)*vv;
            }
            data.xy += dt*(viscForce.xy - K/dt*densDif + newForce); //update velocity
            data.xy = max(float2(0,0), abs(data.xy)-1e-4)*sign(data.xy); //linear velocity decay
            #ifdef USE_VORTICITY_CONFINEMENT
                data.w = (tr.y - tl.y - tu.x + td.x);
                float2 vort = float2(abs(tu.w) - abs(td.w), abs(tl.w) - abs(tr.w));
                vort *= VORTICITY_AMOUNT/length(vort + 1e-9)*data.w;
                data.xy += vort;
            #endif
            data.y *= smoothstep(.5,.48,abs(uv.y-0.5));
            data = clamp(data, float4(float2(-10, -10), 0.5 , -10.), float4(float2(10,10), 3.0 , 10.));
            return data;
        }

        void VSMain (inout float4 vertex:POSITION, inout float2 uv0:TEXCOORD0)
        {
            vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(vertex);
        }

        ENDCG

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        Pass
        {
            CGPROGRAM

            float length2(float2 p)
            {
                return dot(p,p);
            }

            float2x2 mm2(in float a)
            {
                float c = cos(a), s = sin(a);
                return float2x2(c,s,-s,c);
            }

            void PSMain (float4 vertex:POSITION, float2 uv0:TEXCOORD0, out float4 fragColor:SV_TARGET)
            {
                float2 fragCoord = uv0 * iResolution.xy;
                float2 uv = fragCoord.xy/iResolution.xy;
                float2 w = 1.0/iResolution.xy;
                float4 lastMouse = _BufferC.Load( int3(0,1,0));
                float4 data = solveFluid(_BufferC, uv, w, _Time.g, iMouse.xyz, lastMouse.xyz);
                if (iFrame < 20)
                {
                    data = float4(0.5,0,0,0);
                }
                if (fragCoord.y < 2.)
                    data = iMouse;
                fragColor = data;
            }

            ENDCG
        }

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        Pass
        {
            CGPROGRAM

            float length2(float2 p)
            {
                return dot(p,p);
            }

            float2x2 mm2(in float a)
            {
                float c = cos(a), s = sin(a);
                return float2x2(c,s,-s,c);
            }

            void PSMain (float4 vertex:POSITION, float2 uv0:TEXCOORD0, out float4 fragColor:SV_TARGET)
            {
                float2 fragCoord = uv0 * iResolution.xy;
                float2 uv = fragCoord.xy/iResolution.xy;
                float2 w = 1.0/iResolution.xy;
                float4 lastMouse = _BufferA.Load( int3(0,1,0));
                float4 data = solveFluid(_BufferA, uv, w, _Time.g, iMouse.xyz, lastMouse.xyz);
                if (iFrame < 20)
                {
                    data = float4(0.5,0,0,0);
                }
                if (fragCoord.y < 2.)
                    data = iMouse;
                fragColor = data;
            }

            ENDCG
        }

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        Pass
        {
            CGPROGRAM

            float length2(float2 p)
            {
                return dot(p,p);
            }

            float2x2 mm2(in float a)
            {
                float c = cos(a), s = sin(a);
                return float2x2(c,s,-s,c);
            }

            void PSMain (float4 vertex:POSITION, float2 uv0:TEXCOORD0, out float4 fragColor:SV_TARGET)
            {
                float2 fragCoord = uv0 * iResolution.xy;
                float2 uv = fragCoord.xy/iResolution.xy;
                float2 w = 1.0/iResolution.xy;
                float4 lastMouse = _BufferB.Load( int3(0,1, 0));
                float4 data = solveFluid(_BufferB, uv, w, _Time.g, iMouse.xyz, lastMouse.xyz);
                if (iFrame < 20)
                {
                    data = float4(0.5,0,0,0);
                }
                if (fragCoord.y < 2.)
                    data = iMouse;
                fragColor = data;
            }

            ENDCG
        }

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        Pass
        {
            CGPROGRAM

            float2x2 mm2(in float a)
            {
                float c = cos(a), s = sin(a);
                return float2x2(c,s,-s,c);
            }

            float3 getPalette(float x, float3 c1, float3 c2, float3 p1, float3 p2)
            {
                float x2 = frac(x/2.0);
                x = frac(x);
                float3x3 m = float3x3(c1, p1, c2);
                float3x3 m2 = float3x3(c2, p2, c1);
                float omx = 1.0-x;
                float3 pws = float3(omx*omx, 2.0*omx*x, x*x);
                return clamp(lerp(mul(pws,m), mul(pws,m2), step(x2,0.5)),0.,1.);
            }

            float4 pal(float x)
            {
                float3 pal = getPalette(-x, float3(0.2, 0.5, .7), float3(.9, 0.4, 0.1), float3(1., 1.2, .5), float3(1., -0.4, -.0));
                return float4(pal, 1.);
            }

            float4 pal2(float x)
            {
                float3 pal = getPalette(-x, float3(0.4, 0.3, .5), float3(.9, 0.75, 0.4), float3(.1, .8, 1.3), float3(1.25, -0.1, .1));
                return float4(pal, 1.);
            }

            void PSMain (float4 vertex:POSITION, float2 uv0:TEXCOORD0, out float4 fragColor:SV_TARGET)
            {
                float2 fragCoord = uv0 * iResolution.xy;
                float2 uv = fragCoord.xy / iResolution.xy;
                float2 mo = iMouse.xy / iResolution.xy;
                float2 w = 1.0/iResolution.xy;
                float2 velo = _BufferA.SampleLevel (_LinearClamp, uv, 0.).xy;
                float4 col = _BufferD.SampleLevel (_LinearRepeat, uv - dt*velo*w*3., 0.); //advection
                if (fragCoord.y < 1. && fragCoord.x < 1.)
                    col = 0..xxxx;
                float4 lastMouse = _BufferD.Load( int3(0,1,0)).xyzw;
                if (iMouse.z > 1. && lastMouse.z > 1.)
                {
                    float str = smoothstep(-.5,1.,length(mo - lastMouse.xy/iResolution.xy));
                    col += str*0.0009/(pow(length(uv - mo),1.7)+0.002)*pal2(-_Time.g*0.7);
                }
                col += .0025/(0.0005+pow(length(uv - point1(_Time.g)),1.75))*dt*0.12*pal(_Time.g*0.05 - .0);
                col += .0025/(0.0005+pow(length(uv - point2(_Time.g)),1.75))*dt*0.12*pal2(_Time.g*0.05 + 0.675);
                if (iFrame < 20)
                {
                    col = 0..xxxx;
                }
                col = clamp(col, 0.,5.);
                col = max(col - (0.0001 + col*0.004)*.5, 0.);
                if (fragCoord.y < 1. && fragCoord.x < 1.)
                    col = iMouse;
                fragColor = col;
            }

            ENDCG
        }

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        Pass
        {
            CGPROGRAM

            void PSMain (float4 vertex:POSITION, float2 uv0:TEXCOORD0, out float4 fragColor:SV_TARGET)
            {
                float2 fragCoord = uv0 * iResolution.xy;
                float4 col = _BufferD.SampleLevel (_LinearRepeat, fragCoord/iResolution.xy, 0.);
                if (uv0.y<=0.005 || uv0.y>=0.995)
                    col = 0..xxxx;
                fragColor = col;
            }

            ENDCG
        }

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    }
}

`
Thank's if you can help me with that.


text:
A semiarid country like Spain, often have very low grain yields and per hectare income from winter cereals. Since a 16MW straw based power plant in Bivriesca, Burgos, started 200.000 tons/yr and 12M € have been part of the local economy. Acciona Energy owns and operates electricity generation plants based on biomass, and actively researches in this field to select raw materials, find the most efficient technological processes, and obtain major improvements in supplier logistics. While cereal production costs increases as fertilizer and fossil energy prices rise, the use of biomass straw residues derive in large benefits for farmers, for the energy sector but also to the environment and society.
See more about the power plant here
The exploitation of biomass for obtaining energy, producing electricity, making use of the heat generated and making biofuels opens up new opportunities for the creation of added value in the rural world and also new jobs. It also helps territorial cohesion by mitigating the exodus of people from the countryside to urban areas and contributes to achieving a less centralized and more self-sufficient energy system.
Straw for power is again, a good example about food security and rural income being increased in a region promoting renewable energies.
Unfortunately, prime minister in Spain Mariano Rajoy, is trying to reduce the Spanish deficit and any policy movement with good figures in the short term are viable options for him. But cutting off all aids to renewable energy promotion will have worse results in the midterm. Biomass has so many synergies with rural activities, agriculture, employment and food crops that most measures this government applied would result in more negative effects. The power plant in Bivriesca has generated an estimated of 100 permanent new jobs, 17 companies providing services for straw supply, farmers extra income and many other social benefits.
All this is managed according to a strict criteria of sustainability. From the point of view of emissions, the 16MW power plant of Acciona Energia in Spain, achieved 117 million tons of CO2 avoided from coal replacement in power plants. At the time some extremist environmentalist still argue that biomass power energy plants could derive on more emissions, the fact is that in the years this facility has been working, straw consumption avoided the equivalent emissions that a forest of 6 million trees would have been done, as local municipality has estimated. Additionally, the plant has been declared to be dayly reporting emissions to government and to use recycled water from the nearby city of Bivriesca.
Using agricultural residues is an easy way to start biomass valorization. Farmers have earnings from grains and also from straw. Something similar occurs with corn stover, fruit husks, bagasse, rice residues, sawdust, etc. But what about the environmental aspects? Well, CO2 emissions won't be a serious problem since we are replacing fossil energy that is not used (could be coal or in the case of Spain it is natural gas). All fossil inputs in the farm stages are used anyway for cereal production (food) and straw is just a residue. Windrowing and baling straw let biomass in the ground during operations (not so much as all straw would be used) but it is calculated that about 1 ton of straw goes directly to the ground. Additionally, rotations and fertilizer management can provide a sustanable framework.
Perennials can provide cheaper straw and a much more sustainable production pattern with large benefits to the soil and biodiversity comapred to monocultures
But the fact is that cereal straw promotes also cereal monoculture. That's why we promote perennial grasses in marginal areas. Elytrigia elongata, Switchgrass, Miscanthus and many other grasses allow a rotation of cereals with perennials in several environments and cliamtes. And that would be another way to enhance food production with renewable energies and in particular with perennial bioenergy crops.
Some studies on straw uses for biomass can be read here:
Assessment of straw biomass feedstock resources in the Pacific Northwest
Amount, availability, and potential use of rice straw (agricultural residue) biomass as an energy resource in Japan
Environmental assessment of gasification technology for biomass conversion to energy in comparison with other alternatives: the case of wheat straw
Biomass production and allocation in rice with implications for straw harvesting and utilization
Utilization of straw in biomass energy in China
By Bioenergy Crops|Agronomy, Biomass to energy, Developing countries, Energy Crops, Marginal lands, Residues, Sustainability criteria|1 Comment
Sustainable agriculture to combat the effects of El Niño in the Dry Corridor of Central America
Perennial energy crops stimulate belowground fauna, new study says
Land use changes and bioenergy sustainability
Cut management and Harvest period of Switchgrass
B.B. Klaversteijn (Fairchar) May 3, 2013 at 9:30 am - Reply
"The power plant in Bivriesca has generated an estimated of 100 permanent new jobs, 17 companies providing services for straw supply, farmers extra income and many other social benefits" Q-1 Is it possible to give a breakdown in terms of money/person for the exptra income and a list of social benefits. 100 beneficiaries for a power plant that size sounds a little high.
Q-2 Have you looked at biochar as a soil improver and sweet sorghum ?


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text:
namespace cobalt {
namespace worker {

class Clients : public script::Wrappable {
 public:
  explicit Clients(script::EnvironmentSettings* settings);

  script::HandlePromiseWrappable Get(const std::string& id);
  script::HandlePromiseSequenceWrappable MatchAll(
      const ClientQueryOptions& options = ClientQueryOptions());
  script::HandlePromiseVoid Claim();

  DEFINE_WRAPPABLE_TYPE(Clients);

 private:
  web::EnvironmentSettings* settings_ = nullptr;
};

}  // namespace worker
}  // namespace cobalt

#endif  // COBALT_WORKER_CLIENTS_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Share this Story: Allford: Beyond the sale rack: More than shopping at the mall
Allford: Beyond the sale rack: More than shopping at the mall
Jennifer Allford
Sep 01, 2018 • September 1, 2018 • 4 minute read
Walkers and shoppers do laps at CrossIron Mills Shopping Centre north of Calgary. Photo by Stuart Gradon /00023275B
After an especially good haul at a sale, my dad, a dapper dresser and committed bargain hunter, would grin and pronounce that he was "going broke saving money." I think of him every time I go to the mall to get face cream and come home with two pairs of pants and yet another grey sweater because they were on sale. I have no problem walking past regular priced items but I get a little giddy at a sale rack. I skip down the mall swinging my shopping bag and calculating how much money I saved while conveniently glossing over how much I spent and the fact that I don't actually need any pants or yet another grey sweater.
A few weeks ago, I discovered that you can get giddy at the mall without a credit card. You can go mall walking, or "malk" as my friend and trekking companion called it. Normally we walk in a park, but it was one of those days where the sun was red and the air was thick with smoke from the wildfires next door. So we went to the mall. Granted, my pal and I are late to this party. People have been signing up for mall walking programs for years and a bunch of malls around town happily open their doors early so gaggles of malkers can get their laps in before shoppers get in the way.
Allford: Beyond the sale rack: More than shopping at the mall Back to video
I think Victor Gruen would be pleased to see people walking around a mall before the stores open. He's the architect credited for designing the world's first enclosed shopping mall. When Southdale opened in Edina near Minneapolis in 1956, Time Magazine called it a "pleasure-dome-with-parking."The building was "introverted," meaning it didn't have any windows on the outside but it had plenty of action on the inside. It had 72 stores, air conditioning in the summer, heat in the winter and a garden court with a skylight, fish pond, trees, greenery and a giant cage with colourful birds flying around. Gruen envisioned the shopping mall as much more than a place to buy stuff. He wanted to build a community centre.
A couple of decades earlier Gruen had fled his native Vienna after the Nazis moved in. In 1938, the 35-year old arrived in New York with an architect's degree and little else. Gruen got his first American gig, designing a store on Fifth Ave, after bumping into a fellow Viennese émigré on the street. After that successful project another architect suggested starting a firm together, but backtracked after talking with his wife and deciding that he couldn't be an equal partner with an immigrant. Gruen went looking for another partner and found Elsie Krummeck. The two got married and the husband and wife team went on to design dozens of "retail architecture" projects.
As early as 1943 they drew up plans for a shopping centre that included a post office, a library and a nursery school. But those good intentions for building community never made it off the drawing table, writes Joseph Malherek, a scholar of American studies and the history of capitalism. "In the end, the 'communal' component of the mall shrivelled down to a few benches and lampposts, which was a source of great bitterness to Gruen, who returned to Vienna in 1968. For the rest of his life, whenever described as 'the father of the mall,' he reacted with wrath: 'I refuse to pay alimony for those bastard developments.'"
In 1964, as thousands of shopping malls were popping up in green fields across North America, Gruen wrote a book disparaging urban sprawl and outlining how to bring density to the suburbs: The Heart of Our Cities: The Urban Crisis, Diagnosis and Cure. Gruen died in 1980, a year before West Edmonton Mall opened. I have no idea what he'd think of the pirate ship or sea lion show but I like to think he'd be pleased that families skate at the rink in summer and frolic in the water park in winter.
My friend and I discussed a couple of these urban issues on our mall walk, but he set a timer on his phone to limit how long we talked about politics. We'd take turns going left and right (and up and down the escalator). We kept walking as the stores opened and shoppers arrived. We went into an expensive department store and started guessing how much things cost. I won that game. He won the next one, where we guessed the most expensive shoes on the sale rack ($1,430 on for $450!). We took a few selfies goofing around with elegant white mannequins. We left the store before the sales clerks were tempted to call security and went back to walking in circles in the mall.


text:
New Packers Pro Shop designed to 'wow' fans
Design elements, merchandise mix add new levels of interest to Lambeau Field retailer
New Packers Pro Shop designed to 'wow' fans Design elements, merchandise mix add new levels of interest to Lambeau Field retailer Check out this story on packersnews.com: http://pck.rs/1mPMCep
Richard Ryman, USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Published 5:00 a.m. CT July 17, 2014 | Updated 3:50 p.m. CT July 17, 2014
Lori Sitek shops at the new expanded Packers Pro Shop at Lambeau Field, during an early employee shopping event Wednesday. (Photo: H. Marc Larson/Press-Gazette Media )
If the most recent Packers Pro Shop made its 1990s-era predecessor look like a shoe box, the new Pro Shop makes the recent one look like a closet. It's 21,500 square feet of glamour, kitsch and cuteness offered with big-city style.
"This store could stand on its own whether in Chicago or Dallas or San Francisco. It would be special wherever it's located," said Kate Hogan, Packers director of retail operations. "We wanted to create something really special for Northeastern Wisconsin and Packers fans."
Northeastern Wisconsin and Packers fans go their first look at the new Pro Shop after a ribbon cutting at 9 a.m. Thursday, the culmination of 15 months of work to remake the northern and eastern faces of Lambeau Field and much of the Atrium's interior public areas.
Packers employees were the new Pro Shop's first customers on Wednesday afternoon, giving staff a chance for a shakedown period.
"It looks like something that shouldn't be in Green Bay, Wisconsin. It's really high end," said Lacey Scheunemann, who works in catalog sales for the team and was checking out the store's many nooks and crannies. "It's got so much more merchandise, so much more to choose from. It's going to be a draw for the community."
The shop has Packers gear for tiny quarterbacks, linebackers and cheerleaders; furniture and fridges for those Packers basements; a wall of hats — 36 linear feet of headgear — jerseys, jerseys and jerseys, and everywhere photos of Packers history.
The shop is more than twice as large as the one it replaced. It is angular, open, bathed in natural light and visually stimulating.
"It was one of our challenges, not making a square space," said Jim Hartwig of 555 International, a Chicago design firm, one of whose members was named Carolyn Halles (pronounced Hallis, but no matter).
"We designed pockets of intimacy within it, with layers upon layers of visual elements. There's always another focal point."
New Packers Pro Shop opens at Lambeau Field
The new expanded Packers Pro Shop at Lambeau Field holds an employee shopping event, Wednesday, July 16, 2014. H. Marc Larson/Press-Gazette Media
The new expanded Packers Pro Shop at Lambeau Field holds an employee shopping event , Wednesday, July 16, 2014. H. Marc Larson/Press-Gazette Media
Store employee Kelly Geyer stocks clothing during an employee shopping event at the new expanded Packers Pro Shop at Lambeau Field, Wednesday, July 16, 2014. H. Marc Larson/Press-Gazette Media
Lori Sitek shops at the new expanded Packers Pro Shop at Lambeau Field, during an early employee shopping event, Wednesday, July 16, 2014. H. Marc Larson/Press-Gazette Media
Another challenge was to include throughout iconic elements — that ubiquitous Packers "G," many historic photographs and even corrugated green metal reminiscent of pre-2003 Lambeau Field.
"We wanted it to be truly Green Bay, but not intensely in your face," Hartwig said.
New elements include non-Packers items, such as Lucy, Kuhl and Cutter & Buck merchandise, as well as a Nike section that includes Tiger Woods golf apparel, golf balls, bags and more.
The Pro Shop could be ever-changing. Most of its fixtures are on wheels, including extra checkout stations for big game-day crowds.
The new expanded Packers Pro Shop at Lambeau Field is more than twice as big as the previous store. (Photo: H. Marc Larson/Press-Gazette Media )
The shop is classy, it's visually exciting and full of surprises, but keep in mind its purpose, which is to make money for the Packers so they can afford to put a competitive football team on the field a few dozen yards away. Team officials said they expect the shop to make $1 million or $2 million a year more than before.
Hogan said she thinks they should be able to double game-day sales, in part because more fans will be able to get access. The game-day shop on the far side of the stadium will remain in use as well.
"They'll spend more time here, I really think so," said Hogan, who's been with the Packers 21 years and worked in all three Pro Shops. "They'll spend more time on Saturday and Monday."
Packers President and CEO Mark Murphy said the final result exceeded their hopes.
"If not for the great support from fans, we wouldn't be able to build a store like this," he said.
— rryman@greenbaypress gazette.com and follow him on Twitter @RichRymanPG or on Facebook at Richard Ryman-Press-Gazette.
PACKERS PRO SHOP OPENING
When: 9 a.m. Thursday
Where: Lambeau Field, 1265 Lomardi Ave., Green Bay
What: Grand opening of the expanded, 20,000-square foot Pro Shop. Includes prize drawings, giveaways and other special activities.
Hours: 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. Mondays through Fridays, 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Saturdays and 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sundays, with special hours during training camp, holidays and for special events.


text:
package tf.gpx.edit.actions;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
import tf.gpx.edit.helper.GPXStructureHelper;
import tf.gpx.edit.items.GPXFile;
import tf.gpx.edit.items.GPXLineItem;
import tf.gpx.edit.items.GPXMeasurable;
import tf.gpx.edit.items.GPXRoute;
import tf.gpx.edit.items.GPXTrack;
import tf.gpx.edit.items.GPXTrackSegment;
import tf.gpx.edit.main.GPXEditor;
import tf.gpx.edit.values.SplitValue;

/**
 *
 * @author thomas
 */
public class SplitMeasurablesAction extends GPXLineItemAction<GPXMeasurable> {
    // list of items and their split lists
    private final Map<GPXMeasurable, List<GPXMeasurable>> myLineItems = new HashMap<>();
    final SplitValue mySplitValue;

    public SplitMeasurablesAction(final GPXEditor editor, final List<GPXMeasurable> lineItems, final SplitValue splitValue) {
        super(LineItemAction.SPLIT_MEASURABLES, editor);

        for (GPXMeasurable lineItem : lineItems) {
            myLineItems.put(lineItem, null);
        }
        mySplitValue = splitValue;

        initAction();
    }

    @Override
    protected void initAction() {
        // performance: cluster items by parents

        for (GPXMeasurable lineItem : myLineItems.keySet()) {
            final GPXLineItem parent = lineItem.getParent();

            if (!lineItemCluster.containsKey(parent)) {
                final List<GPXMeasurable> parentLineItem = myLineItems.keySet().stream().filter((t) -> {
                    return parent.equals(t.getParent());
                }).collect(Collectors.toList());

                final List<Pair<Integer, GPXMeasurable>> parentPairs = new ArrayList<>();
                for (GPXMeasurable pairLineItem : parentLineItem) {
                    // store each lineItem with its position in the list of parent's waypoints
                    parentPairs.add(Pair.of(parent.getChildren().indexOf(pairLineItem), pairLineItem));
                }

                lineItemCluster.put(parent, parentPairs);
            }

        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean doHook() {
        boolean result = true;

        for (GPXMeasurable item : myLineItems.keySet()) {
            if (item.isGPXTrackSegment()|| item.isGPXRoute()) {
                List<GPXMeasurable> newItems = myLineItems.get(item);

                if (newItems == null) {
                    // 1st do: call worker to split item
                    newItems = GPXStructureHelper.getInstance().splitGPXLineItem(item, mySplitValue);
                    myLineItems.replace(item, newItems);
                }

                // replace item by split result at the current position - need to work on concrete lists and not getChildren()
                final GPXLineItem parent = item.getParent();

                int itemPos;
                // insert below current item - need to work on concrete lists and not getChildren()
                switch (item.getType()) {
                    // TFE, 20200208: how should tracks be splitted???
//                    case GPXTrack:
//                        // tracks of gpxfile
//                        itemPos = ((GPXFile) parent).getGPXTracks().indexOf(item);
//                        ((GPXFile) parent).getGPXTracks().addAll(itemPos, newItems.stream().map((t) -> {
//                            // attach to new parent
//                            t.setParent(parent);
//                            return (GPXTrack) t;
//                        }).collect(Collectors.toList()));
//                        ((GPXFile) parent).getGPXTracks().remove((GPXTrack) item);
//                        break;
                    case GPXTrackSegment:
                        // segments of gpxtrack
                        itemPos = ((GPXTrack) parent).getGPXTrackSegments().indexOf(item);
                        ((GPXTrack) parent).getGPXTrackSegments().addAll(itemPos, newItems.stream().map((t) -> {
                            // attach to new parent
                            t.setParent(parent);
                            return (GPXTrackSegment) t;
                        }).collect(Collectors.toList()));
                        ((GPXTrack) parent).getGPXTrackSegments().remove((GPXTrackSegment) item);
                        break;
                    case GPXRoute:
                        // routes of gpxfile
                        itemPos = ((GPXFile) parent).getGPXRoutes().indexOf(item);
                        ((GPXFile) parent).getGPXRoutes().addAll(itemPos, newItems.stream().map((t) -> {
                            // attach to new parent
                            t.setParent(parent);
                            return (GPXRoute) t;
                        }).collect(Collectors.toList()));
                        ((GPXFile) parent).getGPXRoutes().remove((GPXRoute) item);
                        break;
                }
                item.setParent(null);
            }
        }

        myEditor.refreshGPXFileList();

        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean undoHook() {
        boolean result = true;

        for (GPXMeasurable item : myLineItems.keySet()) {
            final List<GPXMeasurable> newItems = myLineItems.get(item);

            // replace item by split result at the current position - need to work on concrete lists and not getChildren()
            final GPXLineItem parent = newItems.get(0).getParent();
            item.setParent(parent);

            int itemPos;
            switch (item.getType()) {
                // TFE, 20200208: how should tracks be splitted???
//                    case GPXTrack:
//                        // tracks of gpxfile
//                        itemPos = ((GPXFile) parent).getGPXTracks().indexOf(item);
//                        ((GPXFile) parent).getGPXTracks().addAll(itemPos, newItems.stream().map((t) -> {
//                            // attach to new parent
//                            t.setParent(parent);
//                            return (GPXTrack) t;
//                        }).collect(Collectors.toList()));
//                        ((GPXFile) parent).getGPXTracks().remove((GPXTrack) item);
//                        break;
                case GPXTrackSegment:
                    // segments of gpxtrack
                    itemPos = ((GPXTrack) parent).getGPXTrackSegments().indexOf(newItems.get(0));
                    ((GPXTrack) parent).getGPXTrackSegments().add(itemPos, (GPXTrackSegment) item);
                    ((GPXTrack) parent).getGPXTrackSegments().removeAll(new LinkedHashSet<>(newItems));
                    break;
                case GPXRoute:
                    // routes of gpxfile
                    itemPos = ((GPXFile) parent).getGPXRoutes().indexOf(newItems.get(0));
                    ((GPXFile) parent).getGPXRoutes().add(itemPos, (GPXRoute) item);
                    ((GPXFile) parent).getGPXRoutes().removeAll(new LinkedHashSet<>(newItems));
                    break;
            }
            for (GPXMeasurable newItem : newItems) {
                newItem.setParent(null);
            }
        }

        myEditor.refreshGPXFileList();

        return result;
    }

}


Starting with shape- and text-critical examinations of the textual content of Habakkuk, this paintings examines the function of the prophet within the ancient surroundings of past due 7th-century Judah. It assesses the regulations supported by way of Habakkuk in the course of the debate surrounding the dying of the Assyrian empire and Judah's position within the new political scenario. It presents a foundation for analyzing the function of prophets in Judahite society.
This helpful learn includes 4 conscientiously developed chapters during which the shape, content material, and ancient atmosphere of Habakkuk's prophecy are analyzed and the jobs which Habakkuk and different prophets performed inside Judahite society are tested. within the first bankruptcy, Haak surveys the early Hebrew manuscripts (mainly 1QpHab and the Murabbaˁat manuscript of the Twelve Prophets) and the types of Habakkuk and concludes that "there is a foundation for the textual learn of Habakkuk in the consonantal culture represented within the MT" (p. 7). He accordingly adopts a text-critical technique during which the consonantal culture of the MT is given precedence yet during which emendation is taken into account valid if proof from the manuscripts and the types warrants. at the foundation of current wisdom, Haak presumes that it truly is solely attainable "to arrive at an realizing of the textual content that's toward the unique historic atmosphere than the knowledge mirrored within the current MT" (p. 10). certainly, that's the target of the subsequent bankruptcy ("Translation and Notes").
A up to date string of popular-level books written by means of the recent Atheists have leveled the accusation that the God of the outdated testomony is not anything yet a bully, a assassin, and a cosmic baby abuser. This standpoint is even making inroads into the church. How are Christians to answer such accusations? and the way are we to reconcile the possible disconnected natures of God portrayed within the testaments?
"Subversive Scribes and the Solomonic Narrative" seeks, partly, to give a contribution to the continued dialogue through investigating the Solomonic narrative during the optics of propaganda and, in particular, subversion. considering that earlier reports have already given huge recognition to the propagandistic power of assorted points of the Solomonic narrative, Seibert's ebook explores examples of scribal subversion in "1 Kings" 1-11.
This e-book encompasses a re-creation of the scroll that represents an early revision of the Septuagint towards a more in-depth correspondence with the Hebrew textual content of the Bible. After an intensive creation, the quantity presents the textual content with and with out reconstructions, notes on palaeography and reconstructions, and a remark on translation strategy, orthographic peculiarities, and textual kin.
This significant paintings re-examines prophecy and the prophets in old Israel, with essays ranging the entire method from Israel's historical close to jap historical past correct as much as the hot testomony. nearly all of essays be aware of prophecy and the prophets within the previous testomony, that are approached from a awesome variety of various angles.
He reappears in the apocryphal 'Bel and the Dragon' (vv. 33-39) as a prophet who provides food for Daniel in the lion's den. The Greek introduction to 'Bel and the Dragon' calls Habakkuk huiou Iesou ek tes phyles Levi. G. 4 1 A complete discussion of textual and lexical problems may be found in Robert D. D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1986), pp. 43-346. 2 Robert R. Wilson, Propheey and Soeiety in Aneient Israel (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980), pp. 257-258. 3 H. M. I. Gevaryahu, 'Biblical Colophons: A Source for the "Biography" of Authors, Texts and Books,' SVT28 (1975) 59.
McKenzie (New York: Herder & Herder, 1962), pp. 59f. 60 Dennis Pardee, 'The Semitic Root mrr and the Etymology of Ugaritic mr(r) / /brk,' UF 10 (1978) 266. 61 Cf. , p. 261. ' On the grammatical construction which omits 'sr in a nominal sentence cf. A. B. Davidson, Hebrew Syntax (Edinburgh: Clark, 1894), p. 191. 62 Wellhausen, Kleinen Propheten, p. 166. 63 Barr, Comparative Philology, p. 295. 64 Not only is the meaning appropriate here but the assonance of hmr and hnmhr is probably not accidental.
This would seem to mean that the ky-dauses found in Hab. 2:5, 8, and 18 should not be associated with the woe orade on a formal basis. Of the three remaining clauses which do describe the fate of the evildoers (2: 11, 14, 17), vv. 11 and 14 appear to precede the associated woe orade, while v. 17 folIows. Again, the fluidity of the form is evident. Rather than restructuring the verses and phrases of Habakkuk to fit a hypothetical form, it would seem preferab1e to modify our understanding of the form.


text:
Akhundzada directs judges to enforce limits, retribution
Topics: TOP NEWS, NEWS, SECURITY, POLITICS, HUMANITARIAN CRISIS, Headline
KABUL (SW) – Hibatullah Akhundzada, top leader of the Islamic Emirate, has directed judges in courts to implement limits and retribution across the country to curb crimes, said an official.
According to Zabihullah Mujahid, the spokesperson of the Islamic Emirate, this message was delivered by the top leader while addressing the judges. "Investigate the cases of thieves, kidnappers and seditionists properly", directed Akhundzada.
The spokesperson of the Islamic Emirate further said that Hibatullah Akhundzada has recommended to the judges that the cases that have met all the conditions of limitation and retribution should be executed.
He added that Akhundzada told the judges that those cases that have met all the Shari'a conditions of limitation and retribution, they are obliged to issue limitation and retribution on them. "… because this is the order of the Shariat and my command, and it is obligatory that you follow it".
The spokesman did not share details about the time and venue for these remarks of Akhundzada.
Following this order of the leader of the Islamic Emirate, the officials in the Supreme Court of Afghanistan announced their readiness to seriously and fully implement the limits and retribution.
Abdul Rahim Rashid, the public information officer of the Supreme Court of Afghanistan, told Salam Watandar that after this, judges across the country will be obliged to apply 'hudud and qisas' to the convicts without considering other cases.
"The cases are pending and the Supreme Court is acting. So far, all the files have not been reviewed, as soon as their work is completed, the current limit will become clear. The officials of the Islamic Emirate act according to the Islamic commandments and the principles of Sharia, other matters are not taken into account".
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Interested in learning about photography in Riverton IL? Whether you are a beginner, hobbyist, or professional, the best approach to improving your photography skills is through hands-on classes with knowledgeable instructors.
Illinois features many recognized and accredited photography schools. Photography classes cover techniques such as digital capture, lighting techniques, exposure, composition, outdoor photography, and many other basic and advanced camera techniques. Growing into an expert photographer can result in a lifelong hobby or successful professional career.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Isolated pulsars are rotating neutron stars with accurately measured angular velocities $\Omega$, and their time derivatives which show unambiguously that the pulsars are slowing down. Although the exact mechanism of the spin-down is a question of debate in detail, the commonly accepted view is that it arises through emission of magnetic dipole radiation (MDR) from a rotating magnetized body. Other processes, including the emission of gravitational radiation, and of relativistic particles (pulsar wind), are also being considered. The calculated energy loss by a rotating pulsar with a constant moment of inertia is assumed proportional to a model dependent power of $\Omega$. This relation leads to the power law $\dot{\Omega}$ = -K $\Omega^{\rm n}$ where $n$ is called the braking index. The MDR model predicts $n$ exactly equal to 3. Selected observations of isolated pulsars provide rather precise values of $n$, individually accurate to a few percent or better, in the range 1$ <$ n $ < $ 2.8, which is consistently less than the predictions of the MDR model. In spite of an extensive investigation of various modifications of the MDR model, no satisfactory explanation of observation has been found as of yet.

\section{Braking Index}
The pulsar spin-down rate is an observation that has been recorded for the past few decades.  That pulsars can be seen and measured is evidence of the electromagnetic radiation emanating from what is assumed to be a strong dipole misaligned with the axis of rotation.  This misaligned dipole is generally considered to be the source of the pulsar spin-down as it accounts for rotational energy being carried away from the star \cite{pacini1967, pacini1968, gold1968, gold1969,goldwire1969}.  The observed loss of energy can be modeled by the simple power law, $\dot{\Omega}$ = -K $\Omega^{\rm n}$ where $n$ is the so-called the braking index.  The braking index itself is a purely observational parameter which is determined from pulsar timing observations along with their first and second derivatives \cite{lyne2015}
\begin{eqnarray}
n& = & {{{\Omega} \ddot{\Omega}} \over {{\dot{\Omega}}^2}}.
\end{eqnarray}

The value for the braking index $n$ is theoretically determined by the torque mechanism working against the rotation of the star.  In the simple MDR model, the radiating dipole carries energy away from rotation thereby producing a torque which slows the rate of rotation of the pulsar.  This is the main assumption for pulsars because of the nature of the observed radiation, but there are at least two other acceptable possibilities for the torque mechanism.  The emission of charged particles, accelerated to relativistic velocities, forming a massive wind from the surface of the pulsar \cite{michel1969, harding1999} may play a role in spin-down.  Another consideration is higher order multipole electromagnetic radiation, or gravitational quadropole components to the radiated energy \cite{ostriker1969,alford2014}.  For each mechanism described above, the theoretical braking index is $n = 1,3,5$ for particle wind, MDR, and quadrupole radiation respectively.

\subsection{Problems}
Of the mechanisms described above, the most readily accepted is the MDR model.  This model predicts the radiated energy expected from a magnetized sphere rotating in vacuum (the accepted description of pulsars).  The braking index value for the MDR model is $n = 3$.  We see in Table~\ref{tab1} eight pulsars with accurately observed spin evolution.  The given values for the braking index are accurate to within a few percent or better.  It is clear that none of these observed stars has a braking index consistent with any of the values produced from theory.

\begin{table}[htb]
\centering{}%
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
PSR                           &       Frequency          &  $n$                             & Ref.  \\
                                     &            (Hz)               &                                 &     \\ \hline
 B1509$-$58              &     6.633598804    &    2.839$\pm$0.001          &  \cite{livingstone2007}  \\
 J1119$-$6127          &     2.4512027814   &   2.684$\pm$0.002          & \cite{waltevrede2011}   \\
 J1846$-$0258          &     3.062118502     &   2.65$\pm$0.1                &\cite{livingstone2007}     \\
                                &                             &   2.16$\pm$0.13                             &\cite{livingstone2011} \\
 B0531+21 (Crab)      &    30.22543701      &   2.51$\pm$0.01               &  \cite{lyne1993} \\
 B0540$-$69             &    19.8344965        &   2.140$\pm$0.009            & \cite{livingstone2007,boyd1995}  \\
 J1833$-$1034         &    16.15935711      &   1.8569$\pm$0.001       & \cite{roy2012}   \\
 B0833$-$45 (Vela)    &    11.2                   &   1.4$\pm$0.2                   & \cite{lyne1996}   \\
 J1734$-$3333          &      0.855182765    &    0.9$\pm$0.2                &\cite{espinoza2011}   \\  \hline
\end{tabular}\medskip{}
 \caption{Selected pulsars adopted from \cite{magalhaes2012,espinoza2011,lyne2015}.
\label{tab1}}
\end{table}

There is a clear deviation of actual braking index values from the calculated ones.  The static value associated with each torque mechanism (MDR, wind, quadrupole) is directly due to the treatment of the differential equation governing braking index.  Each mechanism has the differential form,
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot{E} &=& -C{\Omega}^{n+1},
\end{eqnarray}
where C contains the physics of the associated mechanism, $\Omega$ is the rotational velocity, and $n$ is the braking index.  Likewise, the rotational energy of a rotating sphere is given by,
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot{E} &=& {d \over {dt}}({1 \over 2}I{\Omega}^2),
\end{eqnarray}
where $I$ is the moment of inertia.  Setting the above two equations equal to each other leads to two different treatments of the result.  Firstly, we can assume the moment of inertia is constant in time which leads to the known power law,
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot{\Omega} &=& -K{\Omega}^n,
\end{eqnarray}
where $K = C/I$.  This leads to the given values described earlier of $n = 1,3,5$.  A second approach is to consider that the moment of inertia changes in time which leads to braking index as a function of $\Omega$,
\begin{eqnarray}
n(\Omega) = n_0 - {{3\Omega I' + {{\Omega}^2}I''} \over {2I + \Omega I'}} + {{C'\Omega} \over C},
\label{eqn:freq}
\end{eqnarray}
where $n_0$ is the theoretical braking index associated with each torque mechanism, and the prime notation denotes derivatives with respect to angular frequency.

As we see from the above equations, the simple values for braking index come from assumptions that the moment of inertia of the star is constant (or that the star is static), and the parameters defining the physics of the braking torque are all constant.  This means that composition, magnetic field, rotational effects, etc. have no effect on braking.  The frequency dependent solution (Eq.~\ref{eqn:freq}) allows for the problem to be explored in much greater detail.  The microscopic proterties of the star must be considered in order to have a cohesive model which allows for changing values which may affect the braking index.

\section{Moving Forward}
The frequency dependent solution to the braking index allows for the problem to be approached from two extreme positions.  There can be a dependence of frequency where the moment of intertia changes at a rate which brings the braking index away from the canonical value, or in the limit of very slow rotation, the parameters governing the torque mechanism can be changing with frequency (or time).  Close examination of Eq.~\ref{eqn:freq} shows that changing moment of inertia can have a significant effect on the braking index at high frequencies, and in the limit that moment of inertia changes very slowly with frequency, there is still a term allowing for the physics in the torque mechanism ($C$) to change.  In the assumed MDR model, high frequency calculations show a reduction in braking index consistent with observation; however, the observed pulsars are all rotating at low frequency.  It is shown in Figure~\ref{fig10} the effect of changing moment of inertia over a range of frequency up to 160~Hz assuming constant $C$.  From the figure it is clear that below this frequency, the change in moment of inertia is negligible, and the subsequent deviation from $n = 3$ is also insignificant.  Noting that the data in Table~\ref{tab1} spans a range of frequencies between about 1 - 30~Hz, it is worthwhile to consider changes in the physical parameters of the torque mechanisms at low frequency.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{Fig_10}
\caption{Braking index as a function of frequency (solid line) compared with the ratio between polar (R$_{\rm p}$) and equatorial radii (R$_{\rm eq}$), normalized to three, which determines deformation of the star. The difference between the two lines represents a corelation between deviations of the braking index from  $n = 3$ and deformation for a 1.0 M$_{\odot}$ pulsar rotating at frequencies below 160 Hz (notice the expanded y-scale). It is seen that the shape deformation, even for this most deformable star (i.e. low mass, soft EoS), is small at these frequencies and quite unable to reproduce the observed range of braking indices.}
\label{fig10}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Mechanism}
It is important to model pulsar braking indices for frequencies consistent with the accepted observations.  This can be approached in a few different ways.  The first thing to look at is the dependence on $C$ in Eq.~\ref{eqn:freq}.  For example, in the MDR model we have,
\begin{eqnarray}
C \propto {\mu}^2 \sin{\alpha}^2,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mu$ is the magnetic moment and $\sin{\alpha}$ is the angle of inclination between the magnetic moment and the axis of rotation.  It is clear from Eq.~\ref{eqn:freq} that one or both of these values would have to increase as the pulsar spins down to move toward the observed braking index values that are less than $n=3$.  It has been suggested that there is some observatinal evidence that $\sin{\alpha}$ is increasing with time \cite{lyne2015}.

Effects on the magnetic field may be a factor for all three accepted torque mechanisms.  The magnetic field may increase, decrease, or change alignment \cite{contopoulos2006}.  The torque may vary with magnetic field in a way that is not a pure dipole.  Plasma outflow may cause currents in the magnetosphere.  Interaction with the magnetosphere in general may play in the torque mechanism \cite{livingstone2011}.  Rotationally driven effects such as a phase transition, density profile, and superfluidity may also affect the magnetic field.  The evolution of the magnetic field is most readily applied to the MDR model, but it is also important for the relativistic wind.

Particles near the surface of the star can be accelerated to relativistic energies, and thus carry away rotational energy from the pulsar.  The wind mechanism has a dependence on the magnetic field, and thus all of the considerations explained above can affect the braking index due to the wind.  The braking index value for the wind is $n=1$ which is near the lowest measured braking indices shown in Table~\ref{tab1}.  Since all values in Table~\ref{tab1} fall between $1$, and $3$, it is prudent to consider the wind as a possible torque mechanism affecting braking.

\subsection{Polynomial}
The considerations outlined above require knowledge of the origin and distribution of the magnetic field which is not readily available.  Also the nature of rotationally driven effects is not well known.  This poses a problem in that there is some speculation involved in trying to relate braking index values to changes in the magnetic field or other similar physics in the torque mecahnisms which leads to a phenomenology that is not necessarily physical.

Another approach to this problem considered by Alvarez et. al. \cite{alvarez2004} is to expand the braking law itself into a polynomial which consists of all assumed torque mechanisms.  In this way, we can assume there are no changes in the magnetic field, composition of the star, magnetosphere, etc., and that the pulsar is rotating at low frequency.  Given that the accurately measured braking indices range in value from about 1 - 2.8, it follows that the braking comes form a combination of torque mechanisms.

As shown in \cite{alvarez2004} the braking law can be expanded as,
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot{\Omega} &=& -s(t)\Omega -r(t){\Omega}^3 -g(t){\Omega}^5,
\end{eqnarray}
where $s(t)$, $r(t)$, and $g(t)$ are functions representing the wind, MDR, and quadrupole torque mechanisms respectively, and $\Omega$ is the rotational frequency.

The polynomial can be used to fit the known braking index values.  The braking index range of roughly $1-3$ indicates that the combination of wind ($n=1$) and MDR ($n=3$) should be important.  The quadrupole ($n=5$) may not play a role at low frequencies.  Furthermore, the combination of $s(t)$ and $r(t)$ may constrain the magnetic field.  The polynomial solution may also be expanded into high frequencies which may give insight into other mechanisms at work such as mass, composition, magnetic field, etc.

\section{Summary}
The problem of braking index can be approached from two ends.  We can consider very fast rotation where moment of inertia may dominate the spin evolution, or we can consider very slow rotation where the physics of the braking mechanism must be adjusted to fit the data.  The braking index is dominated by the torque mechanisms at frequencies below about $200Hz$.  Above this frequency, changes in moment of inertia due to deformation of the star become increasingly important.  Unknown composition and magnetic field dynamics play a crucial role in understanding the braking index, and are important to magnetic dipole radiation and relativistic wind at low frequency.  These effects are difficult to model as they are not yet well understood.

In order to model braking indices without knowledge of magnetic field evolution or rotationally driven changes in composition, we can construct a polynomial which will fit that data using functions of the known braking index mechanisms at low frequency.  This model can be extended to high frequencies, and to include considerations of the unknown values described above.  This can also be extended to include physical equations of state, and mass dependence.

A single, cohesive investigation of all the above possibilities is necessary to our understanding of pulsar spin evolution.  The resulting parameters may help to constrain the poorly known micro-physics at work in the cores of rotating neutron stars.

\subsection*{Acknowledgement}
We express our thanks to the organizers of the CSQCD IV conference for providing an
excellent atmosphere which was the basis for inspiring discussions with all participants.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv