Bango.net, the global numbers-to-content service technology provider, has launched the trial of its Premium Content Service, which enables content providers to charge users to access mobile internet content and services.
The service enables content providers to charge any amount to access content across all mobile networks and all devices, vastly increasing the value proposition for developing and delivering WAP content.
According to Ray Anderson, CEO, Bango.net, "The ability to charge for WAP content will breathe new life into the WAP industry, providing greater security to WAP-based businesses, and incentivising all content owners to develop a greater depth and breadth of offering for this medium."
The system positions Bango as an intermediary between the content provider and mobile operators, providing a simple interface to any online or mobile payment system. This trial is being conducted in conjunction with Vodafone, which is currently developing its content payment system to charge for premium WAP content via a Vodafone subscriber's phone bill.
"The Bango system offers an uncomplicated billing proposition for content providers by ensuring they only have one payment scheme to address, rather than being faced with a handful of disparate systems," said Anderson.
"We're providing an easy on-ramp to billing for content providers with an approach that will allow users to become accustomed to paying for content. The Bango system ensures spending is hassle-free for the customer and working with small amounts it is non-threatening," he added.
In addition to supporting pay-to-bill, Bango is developing alternative payment methods where users can call a phone number to deposit funds for spending on Premium Content. This will ensure that, prior to all mobile operators establishing billing systems, WAP users will be able to take advantage of the premium content service, maximising the immediate opportunity for content providers.
Bango.net provides the technology that enables businesses to promote specific information to their customers in the simplest, fastest way possible: through numbers. The Bango Number System is available to all content providers wishing to attract users to their on-line information. The system aims to connect people around the world to pinpointed on-line information quickly and conveniently, avoiding common internet usage barriers such as complicated web addresses, linguistic differences and 'tech-speak'.
Bango.net operates globally through a partner system of content, service and technology providers and is headquartered in Cambridge, England.
Bango(r) and Bango.net(r) are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Bango.net Ltd. in the United States, UK and other countries.


text:
Activities & Enrichment Dogs Fears & Anxieties Life at Home Training & Grooming
When "Fine" Isn't
By Teoti Anderson
Socialization can go wrong when people don't recognize a puppy's signs of fear. Here's what to look for and how to avoid problems.
"We don't understand where this aggression came from," the woman said, tears in her eyes. "We took her everywhere as a puppy like you're supposed to do. She went with us to stores, to our kids' practices, to friends' houses. She was fine! But now she growls at people and other dogs, even ones she's met before."
The Shepherd mix, Chloe, was now 1 year old, and barking at me from across the room. She would approach, then retreat, growl, and flinch every time I moved.
"Tell me about those early socialization visits," I said.
"We started right when we got her at 9 weeks," she replied. "She was fine! She was so quiet. Everyone would compliment her on being so well behaved."
I asked, "When you introduced her to new people, did she run right up to them, all wiggly? Trying to kiss them? When she met other dogs, was she the same? All curvy and bouncy?"
"Oh no," she said, "She was a quiet puppy. We would just put her in laps and she'd fall asleep half the time. She wasn't interested in other dogs. They'd approach her, and she'd just look away like they weren't even there. But she never growled at them until recently."
Bingo. With further questions, I learned that Chloe rarely initiated contact with people or other dogs as a puppy. This puppy hadn't been fine. She had been shutting down. She wasn't well-behaved. She was too frightened to move. Now that Chloe was an adolescent, she was more willing to protect herself by barking and trying to scare away the people and dogs who frightened her.
Socialization Is More Than Exposure
My client was not a bad dog owner. She knew that socialization was important. She just didn't realize that done improperly, socialization can backfire. Proper socialization is ensuring that a puppy has a variety of experiences, all wonderful ones. The puppy gets to decide if the experience is wonderful or not. In Chloe's case, she wasn't given the chance to go up to people of her own accord, at her own pace. She was placed in people's laps – in essence, put in the laps of monsters. They were probably all very nice people, but Chloe didn't think so. Her association with people became worse. When other dogs approached her, she signaled she didn't want any interaction by turning away. Chloe's mom didn't understand that Chloe was uncomfortable, so she didn't intervene. Now Chloe thought dogs were scary, too.
I've seen enough of these cases over the years that I've started to call them "Sleepy Puppy Syndrome."
There are degrees of sociability in dogs, but a normal, healthy, confident puppy will want to explore. She'll be curvy and wiggly. She may jump up to try and reach faces, trying to kiss chins. She'll sniff and explore her surroundings.
Signs Of Fear And Stress
A puppy can whine, cower, and try to hide when she is afraid, but sometimes she will act sleepy.
Yawning is a sign of stress. Avoidance is, too. When a puppy is faced with something obvious, like another dog in her face or a looming stranger, and she starts sniffing the ground nearby, scratching behind an ear and ignoring the situation completely, this is a puppy practicing denial.
Understanding these signals can help prevent fear from blossoming into aggression as the puppy gets older. Always bring treats with you when you take your puppy anywhere. Pair each new experience with yummy cookies. If your puppy will not take the treats, it can also be a sign that she is too afraid.
It took three lessons before Chloe would let me pet her. I waited patiently for Chloe to approach at her own pace, rewarding each brave step with a liver treat. With a behavior modification plan and a dedicated pet parent who now understood how to work with Chloe's fear, Chloe gradually learned the world was not full of monsters. In time, she learned to be truly fine after all.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A value-added service (VAS) is a term commonly used in the telecommunications industry. The term indicates the various services beyond the basics (mostly phone calls and fax) Examples of value added services include voice mail, ring back tone, balance checks, top up, SMS voting, SMS lotteries, recorded messages about expected waiting time, dialing back to the caller to avoid lengthy waits for service, and many others. Operators need various kinds of value added services, which they have to change and update frequently.
CALLUP provides a large variety of value added services for cellular operators. In the tough telecom space, where Average Revenue Per User drops down due to Over-the-Top (OTT) and flat tariff, CALLUP's offering is attractive, helping carriers eliminate some of their operating expenses, while using new VAS Services to capture some revenues lost to the OTT payers.
In addition to services that are installed on-premise, CALLUP developed also CanVAS in the Cloud – a set of cloud-based value added services for cellular operators. A value added service that can be self-tailored by the operator, within minutes, through an innovative wizard.
CanVAS in the Cloud is a full SaaS service and operators pay only according to usage, avoiding buying extra hardware for peak days or extra software licenses in advance. The operator monitors its own application, while CALLUP is responsible for availability and upgrades.
The cloud-based services are hosted on Amazon Web Services (AWS) platform, and multiple high availability schemes ensure an uninterrupted level of service. The operator's applications are automatically backed up. A sophisticated cost management system allows usage adjustment according to load. Maximum security is maintained by AWS, and all private data and messages are encrypted on entry point and decrypted on exit point.
CALLUP developed also an innovative web-based system enabling mobile network operators to create their own VAS Services. The system, CanVAS SCE (Service Creation Environment), is based on drag-and-drop building blocks, allowing fast and easy creation of a value added service. Services that previously took a long time to create can now be created very quickly and easily. This saves time and money, and makes it possible to maintain a high level of customer service.


text:
New measurement for a new economy
Heather Boushey
This essay is part of Vision 2020: Evidence for a stronger economy, a compilation of 21 essays presenting innovative, evidence-based, and concrete ideas to shape the 2020 policy debate. The authors in the new book include preeminent economists, political scientists, and sociologists who use cutting-edge research methods to answer some of the thorniest economic questions facing policymakers today.
To read more about the Vision 2020 book and download the full collection of essays, click here.
Measurement is an important component of good economic governance. In the United States, we rely on the federal government's Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Bureau of Economic Analysis to provide the data that elected officials and economic policymakers use to steer the U.S. economy and that businesses use to make investment decisions.
Many of our most well-known economic indicators were designed and then first collected more than 70 years ago. The most prominent is the National Income and Product Accounts, from which the Bureau of Economic Analysis calculates Gross Domestic Product. But also important is the Current Population Survey, a national, monthly survey of all U.S. households by the Census Bureau, which gives us estimates of the share of the population employed and household income. Then there's the data provided by employers on employment and earnings to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Although the U.S. economy has changed significantly over the intervening decades, few new metrics have been added—and none have eclipsed the public salience of these old stalwarts.
Yet our economy has changed markedly in recent decades, which means our existing metrics are not properly accounting for the disruptive influence of economic inequality. New metrics that measure what really matters for American families would focus policymakers on the task of building an equitable economy—one that creates strong, stable, and broad-based growth. Metrics that better capture the well-being of American families would allow everyone to evaluate economic performance and hold elected officials accountable to their promises. As our ideas about what constitutes economic success change, so too must our metrics.
Federal statistics are an absolutely essential component of a policy agenda. To govern in an age of inequality, policymakers need to craft and make use of new metrics that show them and the public how the U.S. economy delivers for all Americans.
The evidence:
The headline GDP growth metric fails to account for the disruptive influence of economic inequality and is misleading in how the economy works.
Federal statistics need to reflect the experience of people all across the United States and particularly up and down the income ladder in order to set new economic goals and guideposts to realize the promise of the American Dream.
The solutions:
GDP 2.0 measures growth in different income brackets so that policymakers can evaluate how the economy is performing for everyone—the working class, the middle class, and the affluent—and work to ensure strong, stable, and broad-based economic growth.
How does measurement shape policy?
The metrics that the federal government collects shape the policy options that stakeholders consider and execute. Terms of public debate over economic policy are likewise shaped by the available indicators, and getting the metrics right is imperative. Case-in-point: When the Bureau of Labor Statistics releases data on the prior month's employment indicators, the data can cause gyrations in stocks and other financial markets.
Common and widely available metrics naturally become targets for decision makers—sometimes with suboptimal results when the metrics aren't quite right. An oft-repeated example is U.S. News & World Report's annual Best Colleges rankings. These ratings so dominated the public imagination that colleges became obsessed with improving their ratings. Since the ratings were based on a small set of measurable outcomes—such as graduation rate, class size, and admissions selectivity—colleges quickly found ways to improve their ratings by changing their practices. One college offered financial incentives to freshmen to retake the SAT, raising their incoming class average and their ranking,1 while others hired their own graduates to boost graduate employment metrics.2 Multiple colleges gave falsified data to U.S. News.3 The way we measure outcomes can indeed shape outcomes.
The measurements at the center of national policy debates affect both what policies are discussed and what policies are adopted. GDP growth has assumed a central role in many economic policy debates. Policy debates often center on the idea that growth in GDP is an unalloyed good, worth targeting without regard for other considerations, including how those gains are distributed across the American people. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 was sold on exactly these grounds by its biggest proponents.4
But in order to understand what greater economic growth means for our economy, we need to see it within its relevant context, which is that in our modern economy, growth now tends to almost exclusively benefit the highest income earners in our society. With that bit of context, it becomes difficult to understand why we should be targeting aggregate growth at all. Surely policymakers should instead look at distributional tables that tell us how people in particular income brackets will be affected by the tax, as Equitable Growth advocates.5 Trumpeting the 2017 tax law's effects on overall growth only serves to obscure what the distributional tables show—these tax cuts will raise the incomes of the wealthiest Americans and will do little for those at the bottom. (See Figure 1.)
But popular evaluation of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act tended to present it as a trade-off between equity and growth. Because GDP growth is a highly visible metric of economic progress, whereas distributional tables are one-off evaluations of potential policy by nonofficial sources, the public policy debate gives undue importance to it.
Federal metrics should reflect the complexity of the U.S. economy
Our economy has changed dramatically, and the metrics we had can no longer serve to help us fix the problems of economic inequality. Policymakers cannot continue to pretend that they can rely only on methods developed by economists from 70 years ago, when our economy today looks so different.
Below, I detail two areas where new metrics would help us chart a bold new course for our economy. The first is an issue that academic economists are still puzzling out—the extent to which inflation is now different for the rich and poor and how this fact affects policy choices. The second is a much more mature area of work: GDP 2.0 is a project to add distributional measures of income to our National Income and Product Accounts. It is the subject of current legislation in Congress and one of the most important steps we can take to combat inequality.
Inequality has upended the measurement of inflation
Xavier Jaravel is an assistant professor of economics at the London School of Economics. His research provides an apt example of how gaps in government measurement may already be having an effect on existing economic policy, largely without anyone noticing.
Jaravel uses price-scanner data from retail stores to show that low- and high-income consumers face different rates of inflation.6 On average, he finds that households with incomes of $100,000 or higher faced inflation rates 0.65 percentage points lower than households with incomes of $30,000 or less. (See Figure 2.)
This is a recent phenomenon, driven by the rise of inequality in the U.S. economy. Inequality, Jaravel finds, has driven up demand for goods at the high end of the product market. That, in turn, has led firms to innovate more in high-price goods, and this innovation has introduced competitive pressure into these market segments, keeping prices for these products low relative to prices of low-price goods.
An example is the craft beer market. Craft beers are generally more expensive than their mass-market counterparts. But the proliferation of small craft breweries and the resulting competition has kept inflation in the craft brew segment more than a full percentage point lower than inflation in the mass-market beer segment.
This discrepancy in high-cost and low-cost product inflation rates limits the effectiveness of policy decisions. One case in point is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, which provides food assistance to low-income households that increases over time with the rate of inflation. Jaravel's research shows that the headline rate of inflation is understating price increases for the households that this program is meant to serve, which means that benefits are rising slower than the price increases faced by low-income families.
Between 2004 and 2015, Jaravel's higher inflation rate for low-income households suggests that food prices rose 36 percent, which is almost a third higher than the 25 percent increase in supplemental nutrition assistance benefits based on the headline inflation rate. Families are experiencing a decline in the purchasing power of these benefits, counter to the intent of the policy. This is not the only consequence of unequal inflation rates. Jaravel's findings may have implications for monetary policy, which typically targets the inflation rate. Economists are only just beginning to explore the consequences.
GDP 2.0: Measuring who prospers when the U.S. economy grows
GDP is the one-number economic indicator that news anchors and policymakers alike love to dissect. Reading quarterly Bureau of Economic Analysis reports on GDP growth is a form of divination that, in popular imagination, tells us whether the economic fortunes of the country are trending up or down. Strong GDP growth is considered evidence of good fortune for all Americans under the presumption that "a rising tide lifts all boats."
This presumption is mistaken. GDP growth may once have indicated good fortune for the vast majority of Americans, but over the past several decades, many Americans have been left behind by economic expansion. This reality makes GDP a misleading statistic for the opinion leaders and politicians who rely on it. The consequence is that the diagnoses of the U.S. economy and prescriptions for what ails it are based on the wrong metric.
The good news is that we have the data and the statistical know-how to fix the problem. To reflect the true range of how people experience the economy, we can and should produce statistics that show income growth for Americans in different income brackets. These statistics will allow policymakers to evaluate how the U.S. economy is performing for the working class, the middle class, and the affluent.
GDP 2.0 is a policy proposal that will extend existing GDP reports, adding a distributional component so policymakers and the public know not just how much the economy grew overall, but also how much incomes grew for those at the bottom, middle, and top of the income distribution. Each Bureau of Economic Analysis report on GDP should come with measures of growth for income earners up and down the income ladder, including measures of income growth at the very top of the income distribution—the top 1 percent—where the largest gains of the past several decades have been seen.
Who does growth benefit?
This new way of measuring economic growth is needed because the National Income and Product Accounts, of which GDP is just one part, were devised in the 1930s, the result of a concerted effort by many economists to better quantify economic output at that time but wholly inadequate to the needs of today.
These data were first put together in the 1930s to help policymakers understand the Great Depression. The U.S. Department of Commerce commissioned Simon Kuznets, who, at the time, was an economist at the National Bureau of Economic Research and a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, to develop estimates of aggregate national income for the United States. In 1934, he and his team of researchers in New York and at the Commerce Department presented their findings to the U.S. Senate. The report itself is nearly 300 pages long, offering painstaking detail for every line of information published, drawn from an immense number of independent sources and statistical abstracts across every major industry and government agency responsible for their oversight.7
Based on this work, the first U.S. national income statistics were published in 1942. These accounts, specifically developed to help the United States effectively marshal its economic resources to fight in World War II, are what we have used to tabulate GDP ever since. Kuznets would go on to win the third Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for this work and his research on economic growth.8
Gross Domestic Product was a tool well-adapted to the economic problems of mid-20th century America. It allowed economic policymakers to understand the vast depth of the Depression and highlighted the need for bold action. Similarly, it served as a guide in World War II, providing some indication of how many planes and boats and tanks we might plausibly manufacture if the full resources of the nation were focused on the task.
These are important questions, but now there are other ones that the nation needs answered. In an era where inequality has swelled to levels approaching those last seen nearly a century ago, elected officials need to know who is prospering from economic progress so they can manage the economy for broad-based growth that benefits all Americans. This need is acute now because headline GDP growth has become unmoored from the economic fortunes of many Americans.
Economic growth was equitably distributed in the United States between 1963 and 1979. Americans at all levels of income saw annual growth that was at or above the level of total GDP growth, unless they were among the very richest, who experienced slower growth than the rest, on average. Starting around 1980, this relationship began to change. In the decades since 1980, the vast majority of Americans have seen growth in their own incomes that is below GDP growth. Over this time period only the most affluent Americans have seen their incomes rise faster than the average. This is a sharp shift in the trends from the decades before. (See Figure 3.)
This divergence between the average and the actual fortunes of families is a problem Kuznets warned about in one of his very first publications on the subject of national accounts. In a section of his report to Congress titled "Uses and Abuses of National Income Measurements," he noted that, "The welfare of a nation can, therefore, scarcely be inferred from a measurement of national income."9
This divergence makes GDP increasingly misleading as a guide to public policy: It does little good to target GDP as an outcome if the majority of GDP growth flows to a small group of families, leaving the rest with few gains. Despite this, politicians continue to focus too much on GDP growth, and pundits encourage them. The Trump administration made a campaign issue out of targeting 3 percent growth and sometimes promised to achieve much higher growth, without a simultaneous discussion of who would reap the gains of that growth.10
The pattern of growth shown in Figure 3 has serious downstream consequences. To take just one significant example, Harvard University economist Raj Chetty and his colleagues have demonstrated that absolute intergenerational income mobility has declined precipitously in the United States, and that most of this decline is due to rising income inequality.11
Chetty finds that children in the United States used to have a 90 percent chance of earning more than their parents did, comparing parents at age 30 to their children at age 30. But by 1980, the chances had dropped to just 50 percent. There are two possible explanations: Mobility could have fallen because of lower overall economic growth in later cohorts, or it could have fallen because of unequal patterns of growth. A counterfactual analysis shows that the latter accounts for two-thirds of the change in absolute mobility.
Adding GDP 2.0 to the statistical toolbox
Academic economists have already provided a working prototype of what GDP 2.0 might look like. Thomas Piketty of the Paris School of Economics, and Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman, both of the University of California, Berkeley, have published a public dataset they call Distributional National Accounts that uses U.S. tax data to distribute income for 55 years, from 1962 to 2016.12
But academic datasets are not a long-term solution for the problem. Government statistics are produced on reliable schedules, using standardized methodologies and the best available data. A distributional measure of growth presented alongside the headline GDP growth number would make the report more meaningful to American families who are not currently well-represented by overall GDP growth. (See Figure 4.)
GDP 2.0: Coming soon
These GDP 2.0 statistics would help facilitate the diagnosis of a real and concerning phenomenon in the economy: increases in inequality that could presage weakness in future consumer spending, indicate falling income mobility, or indicate that the economy is not working for every American.
Creating a distributional component in the National Accounts is well underway at the Bureau of Economic Analysis, thanks to interest from the broader economic community and pressure from Congress. In 2019, for the second Congress in a row, Sens. Charles Schumer (D-NY) and Martin Heinrich (D-NM) and Rep. Carolyn Maloney (D-NY) introduced the Measuring Real Income Growth Act in both chambers.13 The bill, which has garnered 23 cosponsors in the Senate and 22 in the House of Representatives, would direct BEA to produce income growth statistics for Americans in each decile of income to accompany aggregate GDP growth.
This congressional interest has led to a flurry of legislative action. The congressional Joint Economic Committee has held two hearings on the topic, most recently in October 2019.14 In March 2019, the conference report accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act for fiscal year 2019 included a clause instructing the Bureau of Economic Analysis to report income growth within deciles of income starting in 2020.15 And in December 2019, the conference report accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act for fiscal year 2020 provided the agency appropriations bill for the Department of Commerce for FY2020, House appropriators instructed the agency $1 million to pursue the project.16
Conclusion: For better policy, measure the right things
The metrics we choose should reflect what we value. As the cases of inflation and GDP show, the headline metrics we use for economic evaluation are either missing important features of the 21st century economy or have become misleading because of changes in how the U.S. economy works. If realizing the promise of the American Dream is important, then GDP 2.0 and similar new measures will serve to align our economic policies with our values. Modernizing our economic statistical infrastructure is a way to set new economic goals and guideposts. Without these guideposts, we cannot achieve strong, stable, and broad-based economic growth.
—Heather Boushey is the president and CEO of the Washington Center for Equitable Growth.
Back to Vision 2020 full essay list.
1. Sara Rimer, "Baylor Rewards Freshmen Who Retake SAT," The New York Times, October 14, 2008, available at https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/15/education/15baylor.html.
2. Lauren Kent, "Activists push for law school transparency," The Daily Tar Heel, October 2, 2014, available at https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2014/10/many-schools-but-not-unc-fund-jobs-for-graduates.
3. Robert Morse, "Iona College Admits to Inflating Rankings Data for 9 Years," U.S. News and World Report, December 1, 2011, available at https://www.usnews.com/education/blogs/college-rankings-blog/2011/12/01/iona-college-admits-to-inflating-rankings-data-for-9-years.
4. Daniella Diaz, "Rayn on tax plan: 'This will increase economic growth,'" CNN, December 20, 2017, available at https://www.cnn.com/2017/12/20/politics/house-speaker-paul-ryan-tax-reaction-morning-shows/index.html.
5. Greg Leiserson, "If U.S. tax reform delivers equitable growth, a distribution table will show it" (Washington: Washington Center for Equitable Growth, 2017), available at https://equitablegrowth.org/if-u-s-tax-reform-delivers-equitable-growth-a-distribution-table-will-show-it/.
6. Xavier Jaravel, "The Unequal Gains from Product Innovations: Evidence from the U.S. Retail Sector," The Quarterly Journal of Economics (2019).
7. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the U.S. National Income and Product Statistics "were first presented as part of a complete and consistent accounting system in the July 1947 supplement to the Survey of Current Business." See U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and U.S. Department of Commerce, National Income and Product Accounts of the United States, 1929–97, vol. 1 (2001), available at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/181/item/5416; Genevieve Podleski, "Dismal Facts: Measuring the Economy Before GDP," Inside FRASER blog, October 3, 2017, available at https://insidefraser.stlouisfed.org/2017/10/measuring-the-economy-before-gdp/.
8. Simon Kuznets, "National Income, 1929–1932," Letter from the Acting Secretary of Commerce transmitting in response to Senate Resolution No. 220, 1934, available at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/971; Diane Coyle, GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014), available at https://press.princeton.edu/titles/10183.html.
9. Simon Kuznets, "National Income, 1929-32" (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1934).
10. John W. Schoen, "Trump defies data with 6% GDP growth forecast," CNBC, December 6, 2017, available at https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/06/trump-defies-data-with-6-percent-gdp-growth-forecast.html.
11. Raj Chetty and others, "The Fading American Dream: Trends in Absolute Income Mobility Since 1940," Science 356 (6336) (2016).
12. Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, and Gabriel Zucman, "Distributional National Accounts: Methods and Estimates for the United States," Quarterly Journal of Economics 133 (2) (2018).
13. Measuring Real Income Growth Act of 2019, HR 707. 116 Cong. 1 sess. (2019), available at https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/707; and Measuring Real Income Growth Act of 2019, S.3102. 116 Cong. 1 sess. (2019), available at https://legiscan.com/US/text/SB3102/2019.
14. Joint Economic Committee, "Examining the Rise of American Earnings and Living Standards," available at https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2018/9/examining-the-rise-of-american-earnings-and-living-standards. See also JEC, "Hearing: Measuring Economic Inequality in the United States," available at https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2019/10/hearing-measuring-economic-inequality-in-the-united-states.
15. Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, HJ Res 31. 116 Cong. 1 sess. (2019), available at https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-joint-resolution/31.
16. Commerce, Justice, Science, Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, Interior, Environment, Military Construction, Veteran Affairs, Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development Appropriations Act, 2020, HR 3055. 116 Cong. 1 sess. (2019), available at https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3055; Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2020, S 2584. 116 Cong. 1 sess. (2019), available at https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/2584.
Testimony by Heather Boushey before the Joint Economic Committee
Economic Mobility, GDP 2.0, Gender, Income & Earnings Volatility
TOPICS: Economic Mobility, GDP 2.0, Gender, Income & Earnings Volatility
By Austin Clemens,
Austin Clemens,
TOPICS: GDP 2.0
Nobel laureates, former Fed chair, two former CEA chairs–58 scholars endorse the Measuring Real Income Growth Act of 2019
By Equitable Growth,
Equitable Growth,
To move beyond GDP, put alternatives front and center
New measure of county-level GDP gives insight into local-level U.S. economic growth
By Raksha Kopparam,
Raksha Kopparam,
Economics of Place, GDP 2.0, Poverty
TOPICS: Economics of Place, GDP 2.0, Poverty


People ask me if the loss during empty nest gets any better and the answer for me is Yes.
Yes, that I know how the routine goes. Yes, I have filled in some of my own needs that were on hold. Yes, I know she is growing and on her search for who she is and how to handle what comes up in life. Yes, that I have confidence in her and that her life is a good one.
What I miss is when she tells me what's going on right then and we can't have the time to just be with that experience. The telephone or emails aren't always enough.
When she is very excited or something sad has happened, those are times I wish we were down the street from each other. There aren't enough cues to communicate…no smiles, no eyebrows lifting, long face to just be with, no hugs. Body language is lost. Long pauses are lost.
The knowing that we can talk about it later is gone. Usually, later doesn't' come about that experience because they are off to the next event in their life. Sure you can bring it up again, when you do connect, but that initial moment of sharing is over and often short. They are busy and have their new world that they are involved with and pulled into. It is not that they are being rude with you, but that they feel the need to move on. Something in their world is calling them, like responsibilities or people that are there, or the simple reason that it is too difficult to talk about on the phone. They too, don't have the body language, free time, or pauses to meander in. They feel that and just want to move on where more is available to them. It is not a personal rejection. It is them being into them. Often it is" age appropriate", as the saying goes.
You might say, they are a little self centered. Truth is, there are positives to being self centered. They are relying on themselves and not being crippled by your "being there for them" when they need to be on their own. It isn't mean, although it can feel rejecting and hurtful. They aren't planning to be that way when they leave. It is not their goal. They simply are learning how to separate and grow up. They are going to treat us poorly at times. Are we striving for them to attend to us or reminding ourselves that we are in a learning process of how to keep the communication and connection with them. We want our kids to be independent and happy. We want them to want to spend time with us out of their love for us and the fun of it and not the obligation and guilt.
How we get there with each other, is teachable and correctable when we don't get our needs met. We need to remember we are all human. Sometimes, our needs get left behind and we can talk about that with them and not be "punishing and parental." They seem to have a short attention span, so lectures and discipline aren't affective. Saying what you need and how you feel might be more successful with you and with them. Solutions are trial and error. The intention to love is solid.
Speaking of not lecturing on and on , let me let go of that issue and get back to what I like about empty nest second year!
I like my freedom. I like not having to follow a schedule around her needs…I like the silence at times. I like not carrying so much responsibility because now, she doesn't have me around to do that with her. She is gone. She is solving and choosing her own ways of being. I like that feeling that she doesn't really need me as much. She might like having the help, or the comfort of mom, and the fun of hanging out together. But, the need is gone now. She can usually figure things out, and deal with the great and not so great choices she has made. So, I feel the relief that she has those skills.
If I were to interfere, she might not stay in communication with me and worse than that, she wouldn't grow into a full adult. Those ideas motivate me to think before I act and before I speak. I listen. I usually wait for her to extend to me, by email or phone call. If something important needs to be answered, I call her and then pop an email.
I let her know how much I love her. How proud I am of her for …..
I share some of my stories so that she feels connected to my world and it is fun for me to fill her into my life. It is not a balance because at this time of life, her needs are newer than mine. I am a full adult. I am in touch with different parts of myself and I know myself pretty well. I am not needy of her. I am curious about her and happy when we do connect. I get excited when I am going to see her and I love hearing her stories of life. The difference is… I DON"T HAVE TO HEAR FROM Her. The first year, I did NEED to hear more from her.
Trust is stronger now. Respect has built. She has shown her success at independence and has handled her life without any major price to pay. Sure there have been mistakes, but nothing that couldn't be handled or forgiven.
You learn more about feeling whatever you are feeling. Sounds simple, but sometimes all we can do is just feel whatever feelings surface. Anger, sadness, sorrow, fear, hurt, love, happiness, joy.
I think the fear of the feelings are often worse than the actual feelings. Sometimes we have no control over the emerging feelings and other moments we have to put them aside.
We are still ok. We forget that we will be ok. This is our new learning, just as they are on their learning.
We never had to experience these feeling around parenting before and now we are learning how to think and sort through the thoughts, and feel whatever we feel. We step forward when we can and other times we collapse into our sorrow. There is no right way here. We are who we are in that moment. The next moment always shows up.
There are no rules. It is a human experience and each of us is different. We do the best we can. Some moments and days are easier than others. All days are what they are.
It sounds so easy, but truth is, when we are in pain, we are in pain. That is why we hurt and feel so terrible. Sometimes we think we could be doing something differently, like get going, or just think of something to do to fill the time, but those are thoughts and they can't erase the feelings. We are feeling what we feel and that is real at that time…So be gentle with yourself. One feeling doesn't last forever. The feeling moves on in time and usually quicker, if we drop into that tearful, immobile, uncomfortable place.
Each of us can share what we are experiencing and then we don't feel so alone in the empty nest.
Letting go is a major learning on the list of life lessons. We can't avoid it because our children do leave. They leave through college, work, marriage, travel, serving for our country, explorations. They leave.
Sometimes, I think if we knew how terrible the pain is we wouldn't have become parents. But that is probably why we don't get access to looking in that cupboard or we might not have chosen to be lifetime parents.
May we all find the courage to feel . To be able to tell ourselves…"this is how it is for now and I am ok." To get the support we need so we don't feel abandoned and isolated in this new journey of parenting.
May we learn devotion to ourselves, an honoring of other ways of being in this world, and a sacredness of life!


Appreciating the dedication you put into your site and detailed information you offer. It's great to come across a blog every once in a while that isn't the same out of date rehashed material. Great read! I've bookmarked your site and I'm including your RSS feeds to my Google account.
Hi there! I know this is kinda off topic however I'd figured I'd ask. Would you be interested in exchanging links or maybe guest authoring a blog post or vice-versa? My blog discusses a lot of the same subjects as yours and I feel we could greatly benefit from each other. If you are interested feel free to shoot me an e-mail. I look forward to hearing from you! Wonderful blog by the way!
で 素晴らしい物事のスキ�`ムあなたがよ A安心 に�vして。 どこあなた置き忘れ私は第一号だったにすべての�目。As people say, the devil is in the details... And it could not be more true here.Having said that, let me inform you precisely what did deliver the results.Your article (parts of it) is actually quite convincing and that is possibly why I am making the effort to opine.I do not really make it a regular habit of doing that.Second, even though I can easily notice the jumps in logic you make, I am definitely not confident of exactly how you seem to connect your ideas which help to make the conclusion.For right now I shall yield to your issue but trust in the near future you connect the dots better.
Appreciating the commitment you put into your site and detailed information you present. It's nice to come across a blog every once in a while that isn't the same out of date rehashed material. Fantastic read! I've saved your site and I'm adding your RSS feeds to my Google account.


When guests check in to a luxurious Oberoi hotel in India they don't want to leave. And now, this summer, Oberoi is making it exceptionally attractive to stay, with their Exotic Vacations rates, which offer free bonus nights at seven of the group's hotels in India. Book a 5-night stay for $2,900 and you'll be able to stay 7 (yes, seven!) additional nights for free. Book a 4-night stay for $2,300 and stay 4 additional nights free. Most of the participating hotels are running the offer until 30th Sepetember 2006.


It had been assumed that although AT&T has fielded a faster network compared to Verizon for years that LTE would bring parity between the carriers, but a new study has found that AT&T's fledgling LTE network is upwards of 30% faster than Verizon's.
The study was conducted by Metrico Wireless in the 5 markets where AT&T has LTE built up and compared with Verizon's LTE network in those same markets. The devices used were the HTC Vivid and Samsung Galaxy S II Skyrocket on AT&T and the HTC Thunderbolt, Samsung DROID Charge and Motorola DROID Bionic on Verizon.
Metrico found that stationary HTTP download and upload speeds were comparable, but that AT&T had a mean download speed 30% higher. This only comes out to a difference of 10.2 Mbps on Verizon compared to 13.8 Mbps on AT&T, which for most activities isn't really that noticeable of a difference. Metrico found that both networks had average speeds over 10 Mbps and peaks above 30 Mbps.
Metrico did make it clear that it should be kept in mind that Verizon has been building its network for about a year and there are far more subscribers on it than on AT&T's network, so that could have affected the results. This is possible, but LTE networks are designed for heavy workloads, and AT&T has always prided itself on being faster than Verizon, so it certainly wouldn't be surprising to see these numbers hold true moving forward.
Thats great, but a fair comparison would be to compare ATT speed with VZW when VZW first released their LTE network, meaning there was almost no congestion.
Exactly. When Verizon's LTE first went live it had phenomenal speeds but every tech writer made sure to mention that speeds would probably drop when more subscribers did and sure enough, they did. Thankfully, they dropped to the level that Verizon has advertised as real world performance so good on them. What does AT&T expect their real-world throughput to be once they've switch a significant portion of their subscribers?
Features and function (and hopefully price) is where carriers should be competing, because the consumer wins. Buying up competitors is not the way to compete. Personally, I hope AT&T and VZW go balls to the wall competing in the LTE space. It will have the side benefit of forcing Sprint to step up its game and the same for T-Mo. Nothing like a 4-way catfight. Consumers win.
Exactly! When LTE first came to my area (Portland, OR), I was getting speed in the upper 40 Mbps!! And even now I'm almost always in the 30's.
you guys have already hit the main point on that. its easy to look fast when no one is on the network. Lets do the test again in a year and see what it looks like.
Show me AT&T's LTE coverage... that's what i thought.
:D And what little there is, there is nobody using it to tie up the speed at this time..
Bottom line speed isn't as important to me as coverage and reliability. If they can match Verizon in that regard, then I would actually commend them.
Question is, is this based on lab tests or field tests. Are you the same distance from each tower? How many users are accessing said tower? etc. LTE has a much higher bandwidth than 3G but it's still gonna have speed variability depending on a ton of factors. Consumer tests like this are good if you're the consumer in that spot, but for most of the people in the country this is worthless.
I could not imagine a more premature and technically flawed comparison of AT&T's LTE network performance vs VZW's. It's like comparing two 747's, one loaded and the other empty, to see which one takes off quicker. Duh!!
well that's why there should have been more research one before releasing this unfinished not accurate reports. Just like calling hspa or whatever its calls an others 4g. Also even the iphone4g is confusing in that it is misleading and most people believe what there reading and among other things it gives salesmen the ability to mislead people. I don't really care if att is faster. As of right now the servers we get our data from mos likely not be able to give the data fast enough to really differentiate between the two in real-life situations. Also with large files people will use WiFi more often to cut back on usage. The only difference is transfer from device would be different. The most important flaw is I get such different readings every speed test and download and uploading files that there is no way that's accurate. I have had a 38 mg download and a 24 upload max reading.average 20 and 10 respectfully on a crowded network. This report is worthless. Five years from now it will matter to me and I might switch carriers.
I live in Sacramento, CA and sell Verizon as an indirect rep. for VZW and AT&T. Verizon provided us a Droid Razr. The speeds I am getting consistantly are 28-34 mbps down, and 12-14 mpbs up. Those are the same speeds I saw when the network was launched in mid June. I don't really see how you can make an argument about bandwidth and congestion when the network that has been active for 6 months has stayed at the same speed. People are buying Verizon 4G LTE phones like crazy now, but the network was virtually empty in June and July. If AT&T's speeds are higher, they are higher. AT&T deserves a most criticism of what it gets, but when a network is faster, no amount of cheerleading is going to change that.
I think your phull of it. Your telling me you get the exact same readings every time. I don't think so. You must own and iphone. I do agree what's faster is what's faster. A the same time it way to early to tell. If art gets the exact same readings every time than well that would be way better. Most important is why do I care sorry all.
I am a sales manager for an at&t direct dealer in Michigan. I love all the opinions people have on here. Heres mine. It doesnt matter whos faster than who. When true LTE rugs the united states for at&t and Verizon, the better customer experience in store will matter the most. Even tho I am a at&t guy, I give credit where its deserved and Verizon has it. Sprint is still the little brother of the BIG 3. I never bash any other company, just because their also trying to get ahead in the business. at&t does have cheaper data plans though, but the plan prices are sooo close anyways. Everyone needs to compete.
Dude, thanks, respect for you. For some reason people don't want to accept the truth, they don't believe anything even if it's proven. Even writing this, you can see people didn't like what you said because you proved them wrong. This is coming from a verizon rep. wtf, why would he lie?
Poor AT&T. This is the first good news for them since the T-Mobile fiasco and no one will give them a moment to enjoy it. If nothing else, spot them this: At least it shows the promise of them building their LTE the right way and it has the potential to be a really good network. No, they will never catch up to Verizon unless Big Red lets them. I fully expect Verizon to be improving it's network to be even faster before AT&T finishes their roll out. But this is a great start for them, and it is good for those with LTE.
I very the let on both are the same and its more likely the device and distance and angle and blockage from the towers that's it.
Wow, falwed network? You do realize that HSPA+ is tons faster than Verizon 3G? Both LTE 4G networks are fine - just depends on coverage and on the phone. Enjoy it no matter who you have.
I don't think att is a failed network either but its nowhere near VZW's. Here's the thing...I always hear how much faster AT&T is supposed to be and see the speedtest that are supposed to confirm that as well. But why does it not translate in faster load times when you compare phone to phone/page for page? VZW will most often beat the AT&T device 50-60% of the time. I mean, look at the 3 way speed test between the three iphone 4S's. The VZW version KILLED the other two. So what is it that we're not seeing, that AT&T customer are?
Where was that 3 way comparison? I missed it.
That was a smart tactic used by AT&T to upgrade their HSPA network, in order to enable faster connections in places where they would either take long to expand their LTE network to, or to make up for locations with low LTE signal. If only Verizon had upgraded their CDMA network, then it would have been at least on par with AT&T.


text:
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Xml;

namespace SpecsFor.Mvc.IIS
{
	internal class IISExpressProcess
	{
		private readonly string _pathToSite;
		private Process _iisProcess;
		private readonly string _applicationHostConfigurationFile;

		/// <summary>
		/// The name of the website to configure for this instance of IIS Express.
		/// </summary>
		private readonly string _webSiteName;

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets the port number in use by this instance of IIS Express.
		/// </summary>
		public int? PortNumber { get; set; }

		#region Constructors

		/// <summary>
		/// Creates a new instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="pathToSite">The full path to the website to host.</param>
		public IISExpressProcess(string pathToSite)
		{
			_pathToSite = pathToSite;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Creates a new instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="pathToSite">The full path to the website to host.</param>
		/// <param name="applicationHostConfigurationFile">The full path to the IIS Express application host configuration file.</param>
		/// <param name="webSiteName">The name of the site in the application host configuration file to configure for this IIS Express process.</param>
		public IISExpressProcess(string pathToSite, string applicationHostConfigurationFile, string webSiteName)
			: this(pathToSite)
		{
			_applicationHostConfigurationFile = applicationHostConfigurationFile;
			_webSiteName = webSiteName;
		}

		#endregion Constructors

		/// <summary>
		/// Starts an IIS Express process that will host the web application.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// This method finds an open port to configure the site to use and if an application host configuration file
		/// is being used it also configures the site specified when this instance was created with the correct port
		/// and path to the web application.
		/// </remarks>
		public void Start()
		{
			var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
								{
									ErrorDialog = false,
									CreateNoWindow = true,
									UseShellExecute = false
								};

			if (PortNumber == null) CaptureAvailablePortNumber();

			// If a configuration file was not provided use the simple IIS Express command line configuration.
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_applicationHostConfigurationFile))
			{
				startInfo.Arguments = string.Format("/path:\"{0}\" /port:{1}", _pathToSite, PortNumber);
			}
			else  // When an IIS Express configuration file is used, configure the sites node with information about the current site being tested.
			{
				var xDoc = new XmlDocument();

				// Read the application host configuration file into an XML document.
				using (var hostConfigReader = new StreamReader(_applicationHostConfigurationFile))
				{
					xDoc.Load(hostConfigReader);
				}

				// Determine if a site node with the given site name in the config.
				XmlNode site = xDoc.SelectSingleNode("/configuration/system.applicationHost/sites/site[@name=\"" + _webSiteName + "\"]");

				if (site != null)
				{
					XmlNode virtualDirectory = site.SelectSingleNode("application/virtualDirectory");

					if (virtualDirectory != null)
					{
						virtualDirectory.Attributes["physicalPath"].Value = _pathToSite;
					}

					XmlNode binding = site.SelectSingleNode("bindings/binding");

					if (binding != null)
					{
						binding.Attributes["bindingInformation"].Value = string.Format(":{0}:localhost", PortNumber);
					}
				}

				xDoc.SelectSingleNode("/configuration/system.applicationHost/sites").ReplaceChild(site, xDoc.SelectSingleNode("/configuration/system.applicationHost/sites/site[@name=\"" + _webSiteName + "\"]"));

				xDoc.Save(_applicationHostConfigurationFile);

				startInfo.Arguments += string.Format(" /config:\"{0}\"", _applicationHostConfigurationFile);
			}

			var programfiles = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(startInfo.EnvironmentVariables["programfiles(x86)"])
								? startInfo.EnvironmentVariables["programfiles(x86)"]
								: startInfo.EnvironmentVariables["programfiles"];

			var iisExpress = programfiles + "\\IIS Express\\iisexpress.exe";

			if (!File.Exists(iisExpress))
			{
				throw new FileNotFoundException(string.Format("Did not find iisexpress.exe at {0}. Ensure that IIS Express is installed to the default location.", iisExpress));
			}

			startInfo.FileName = iisExpress;

			_iisProcess = new Process { StartInfo = startInfo };
			_iisProcess.Start();
		}

		private void CaptureAvailablePortNumber()
		{
			// Get an open port number on the local system.
			using (var sock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp))
			{
				sock.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Loopback, 0));

				PortNumber = ((IPEndPoint)sock.LocalEndPoint).Port;
			}
		}

		public void Stop()
		{
			if (_iisProcess != null && !_iisProcess.HasExited)
			{
				_iisProcess.CloseMainWindow();
				_iisProcess.Kill();
				_iisProcess.Dispose();
				_iisProcess = null;
			}
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.datatransfer;

import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.PBHelper.vintPrefixed;

import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.datatransfer.DataTransferProtoUtil.fromProto;

import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.ShortCircuitShm.SlotId;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.OpBlockChecksumProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.OpCopyBlockProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.OpReadBlockProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.OpReadBlockRDMAProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.OpReplaceBlockProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.OpRequestSnapshotProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.OpTransferBlockProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.OpRequestShortCircuitAccessProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.CachingStrategyProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.OpWriteBlockProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.OpWriteBlockRDMAProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.ReleaseShortCircuitAccessRequestProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.DataTransferProtos.ShortCircuitShmRequestProto;
//import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.HdfsProtos.ExtendedBlockProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.PBHelper;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.CachingStrategy;

/** Receiver */
@InterfaceAudience.Private
@InterfaceStability.Evolving
public abstract class Receiver implements DataTransferProtocol {
  protected DataInputStream in;

  /** Initialize a receiver for DataTransferProtocol with a socket. */
  protected void initialize(final DataInputStream in) {
    this.in = in;
  }

  /** Read an Op.  It also checks protocol version. */
  protected final Op readOp() throws IOException {
    final short version = in.readShort();
    if (version != DataTransferProtocol.DATA_TRANSFER_VERSION) {
      throw new IOException( "Version Mismatch (Expected: " +
          DataTransferProtocol.DATA_TRANSFER_VERSION  +
          ", Received: " +  version + " )");
    }
    return Op.read(in);
  }

  /** Process op by the corresponding method. */
  protected final void processOp(Op op) throws IOException {
    switch(op) {
    case READ_BLOCK:
      opReadBlock();
      break;
    case READ_BLOCK_RDMA:
      opReadBlockRDMA();
      break;
    case WRITE_BLOCK:
      opWriteBlock(in);
      break;
    case WRITE_BLOCK_RDMA:
      opWriteBlockRDMA(in);
      break;
    case REPLACE_BLOCK:
      opReplaceBlock(in);
      break;
    case COPY_BLOCK:
      opCopyBlock(in);
      break;
    case BLOCK_CHECKSUM:
      opBlockChecksum(in);
      break;
    case TRANSFER_BLOCK:
      opTransferBlock(in);
      break;
    case REQUEST_SHORT_CIRCUIT_FDS:
      opRequestShortCircuitFds(in);
      break;
    case RELEASE_SHORT_CIRCUIT_FDS:
      opReleaseShortCircuitFds(in);
      break;
    case REQUEST_SHORT_CIRCUIT_SHM:
      opRequestShortCircuitShm(in);
      break;
    case REQUEST_SNAPSHOT:
      opRequestSnapshot(in);
      break;
    default:
      throw new IOException("Unknown op " + op + " in data stream");
    }
  }

  static private CachingStrategy getCachingStrategy(CachingStrategyProto strategy) {
    Boolean dropBehind = strategy.hasDropBehind() ?
        strategy.getDropBehind() : null;
    Long readahead = strategy.hasReadahead() ?
        strategy.getReadahead() : null;
    return new CachingStrategy(dropBehind, readahead);
  }

  /** Receive OP_READ_BLOCK */
  private void opReadBlock() throws IOException {
    OpReadBlockProto proto = OpReadBlockProto.parseFrom(vintPrefixed(in));
    if(proto.hasTimestamp())
      readBlock(PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getBlock()),
          PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getToken()),
          proto.getHeader().getClientName(),
          proto.getOffset(),
          proto.getLen(),
          proto.getSendChecksums(),
          (proto.hasCachingStrategy() ?
              getCachingStrategy(proto.getCachingStrategy()) :
            CachingStrategy.newDefaultStrategy()),
          proto.getTimestamp(),
          proto.getBUserTimestamp());
    else
      readBlock(PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getBlock()),
          PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getToken()),
          proto.getHeader().getClientName(),
          proto.getOffset(),
          proto.getLen(),
          proto.getSendChecksums(),
          (proto.hasCachingStrategy() ?
              getCachingStrategy(proto.getCachingStrategy()) :
            CachingStrategy.newDefaultStrategy()));
  }

  /** Receive OP_READ_BLOCK_RDMA */
  private void opReadBlockRDMA() throws IOException {
    OpReadBlockRDMAProto proto = OpReadBlockRDMAProto.parseFrom(vintPrefixed(in));
    if(proto.hasTimestamp()) {
      readBlockRDMA(PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getBlock()),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getToken()),
        proto.getHeader().getClientName(),
        proto.getRpid(),
        proto.getOffset(),
        proto.getLen(),
        proto.getVaddr());
    } else {
      readBlockRDMA(PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getBlock()),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getToken()),
        proto.getHeader().getClientName(),
        proto.getRpid(),
        proto.getOffset(),
        proto.getLen(),
        proto.getVaddr(),
        proto.getTimestamp(),
        proto.getBUserTimestamp());
    }
  }

  /** Receive OP_WRITE_BLOCK */
  private void opWriteBlock(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
    final OpWriteBlockProto proto = OpWriteBlockProto.parseFrom(vintPrefixed(in));
    writeBlock(PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getBlock()),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getToken()),
        proto.getHeader().getClientName(),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getTargetsList()),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getSource()),
        fromProto(proto.getStage()),
        proto.getPipelineSize(),
        proto.getMinBytesRcvd(), proto.getMaxBytesRcvd(),
        proto.getLatestGenerationStamp(),
        fromProto(proto.getRequestedChecksum()),
        (proto.hasCachingStrategy() ?
            getCachingStrategy(proto.getCachingStrategy()) :
          CachingStrategy.newDefaultStrategy()),
        //HDFSRS_WRAPI{
        (proto.hasOffset() ?
        	proto.getOffset():-1),
        //}
        //HDFSRS_VC{
        (proto.hasMhlc()?PBHelper.convert(proto.getMhlc()):null),
        //}
        (proto.hasSuffix()?proto.getSuffix():null)
        );
  }

  private void opWriteBlockRDMA(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
    final OpWriteBlockRDMAProto proto = OpWriteBlockRDMAProto.parseFrom(vintPrefixed(in));
    LOG.debug("[S] Receiver: vaddr="+proto.getVaddr());
    this.writeBlockRDMA(PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getBlock()),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getToken()),
        proto.getHeader().getClientName(),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getTargetsList()),
        proto.getRpid(),
        proto.getVaddr(),
        proto.getBytesRcvd(),
        proto.getLatestGenerationStamp(),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getMhlc()),
        (proto.hasSuffix()?proto.getSuffix():null));
  }

  /** Receive {@link Op#TRANSFER_BLOCK} */
  private void opTransferBlock(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
    final OpTransferBlockProto proto =
      OpTransferBlockProto.parseFrom(vintPrefixed(in));
    transferBlock(PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getBlock()),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBaseHeader().getToken()),
        proto.getHeader().getClientName(),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getTargetsList()));
  }

  private void opRequestSnapshot(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
    final OpRequestSnapshotProto proto =
        OpRequestSnapshotProto.parseFrom(vintPrefixed(in));
    snapshot(proto.getRtc(),proto.getBpid());
  }

  /** Receive {@link Op#REQUEST_SHORT_CIRCUIT_FDS} */
  private void opRequestShortCircuitFds(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
    final OpRequestShortCircuitAccessProto proto =
      OpRequestShortCircuitAccessProto.parseFrom(vintPrefixed(in));
    SlotId slotId = (proto.hasSlotId()) ?
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getSlotId()) : null;
    requestShortCircuitFds(PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBlock()),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getToken()),
        slotId, proto.getMaxVersion());
  }

  /** Receive {@link Op#RELEASE_SHORT_CIRCUIT_FDS} */
  private void opReleaseShortCircuitFds(DataInputStream in)
      throws IOException {
    final ReleaseShortCircuitAccessRequestProto proto =
      ReleaseShortCircuitAccessRequestProto.parseFrom(vintPrefixed(in));
    releaseShortCircuitFds(PBHelper.convert(proto.getSlotId()));
  }

  /** Receive {@link Op#REQUEST_SHORT_CIRCUIT_SHM} */
  private void opRequestShortCircuitShm(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
    final ShortCircuitShmRequestProto proto =
        ShortCircuitShmRequestProto.parseFrom(vintPrefixed(in));
    requestShortCircuitShm(proto.getClientName());
  }

  /** Receive OP_REPLACE_BLOCK */
  private void opReplaceBlock(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
    OpReplaceBlockProto proto = OpReplaceBlockProto.parseFrom(vintPrefixed(in));
    replaceBlock(PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBlock()),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getToken()),
        proto.getDelHint(),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getSource()),
        proto.hasMhlc()?PBHelper.convert(proto.getMhlc()):null/*HDFSRS_VC*/);
  }

  /** Receive OP_COPY_BLOCK */
  private void opCopyBlock(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
    OpCopyBlockProto proto = OpCopyBlockProto.parseFrom(vintPrefixed(in));
    copyBlock(PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBlock()),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getToken()));
  }

  /** Receive OP_BLOCK_CHECKSUM */
  private void opBlockChecksum(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
    OpBlockChecksumProto proto = OpBlockChecksumProto.parseFrom(vintPrefixed(in));

    blockChecksum(PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getBlock()),
        PBHelper.convert(proto.getHeader().getToken()));
  }
}


text:
Q: Adding marker to line Below code attempts to add a marker to a line (an arrow pointing up) :
   var svgContainer = d3.select("body").append("svg")
            .attr("width", 400)
            .attr("height", 400)

    //Draw the line
    var line = svgContainer.append("line")
     .attr("id", "arrowhead")
            .attr("x1", 50)
            .attr("y1", 50)
            .attr("x2", 50)
            .attr("y2", 100)
            .attr("stroke-width", 2)
            .attr("stroke", "black");

  var marker = line.append("svg:marker")
    .attr("viewBox", "0 0 10 10")
    .attr("refX", 0)
    .attr("refY", 0)
    .attr("markerUnits", "strokeWidth")
    .attr("markerWidth", 8)
    .attr("markerHeight", 6)
    .attr("orient", "auto");

But just the line is being displayed. How can amend the code so that arrow head appears ?
jsfiddle : http://jsfiddle.net/Qh9X5/3444/

A: Add the following:
var left = svgContainer.append("line")
    .attr("x1", 40)
    .attr("y1", 75)
    .attr("x2", 50)
    .attr("y2", 50)
    .attr("stroke-width", 2)
    .attr("stroke", "black");
var right = svgContainer.append("line")
    .attr("x1",60)
    .attr("y1",75)
    .attr("x2",50)
    .attr("y2",50)
    .attr("stroke-width",2)
    .attr("stroke","black");

An arrow is just a composition of three straight lines.
JS Fiddle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Communities & Sociology
History/Historical Figures
Buildings & Monuments
Cities & Populated Places
Provinces & Territories
Search for "Pipeline"
Displaying 1-8 of 8 results
FILTER BY CONTENT TYPEArticles (8)Authors (0)Timelines (0)Collections (0)Education Guides (0)Quizzes (0)Primary Sources (0)Videos (0)
Rachel Notley, 17th premier of Alberta (2015–19) and leader of the Alberta New Democratic Party (2014–), lawyer (born 17 April 1964 in Edmonton, AB). As a lawyer, Rachel Notley specialized in labour issues, working in both British Columbia and Alberta. The daughter of Grant Notley, Alberta NDP leader from 1968 to 1984, she won her first election in 2008 and was elected party leader in 2014. Notley led her party to a surprise electoral victory on 5 May 2015, defeating the longest-serving government in Canadian history — the Progressive Conservatives, who had been in power since 1971. However, in the 2019 Alberta general election, Notley and the NDP lost to Jason Kenney's United Conservative Party.
Kennedy Stewart
Kennedy Stewart, politician, academic, mayor of Vancouver (2018–present) (born 8 November 1966 in Halifax, Nova Scotia). Stewart served as a Member of Parliament for Burnaby–Douglas and Burnaby South and was a member of the NDP caucus. He is an associate professor on leave at Simon Fraser University's School of Public Policy. Stewart is currently the 40th mayor of Vancouver.
Elizabeth May, OC, politician, environmental activist, lawyer, author, leader of the Green Party of Canada 2006–19 (born 9 June 1954 in Hartford, Connecticut). May served as a policy advisor (1986–88) to the government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, and in 1989 became the founding executive director of the Sierra Club of Canada. In 2011, she became the first Green Party member elected to the House of Commons. May resigned as party leader in November 2019.
Norman Wells, Northwest Territories, incorporated as a town in 1992, population 778 (2016 census), 727 (2011 census). The town of Norman Wells is located on the north bank of the Mackenzie River, 145 km south of the Arctic Circle and 684 km northwest of Yellowknife by air. It was the first settlement in the Northwest Territories founded entirely as a result of non-renewable-resource	development. The name owes to the site's close proximity to Fort Norman (now Tulita), 85 km upstream on the Mackenzie.
Encana (Ovintiv)
Encana Corporation produces, transports and markets oil and natural gas. It was formed in 2002 through the merger of the Alberta Energy Company Ltd. and the PanCanadian Energy Corporation. In 2009, the company split in two. Encana remained a corporate entity focused on the exploration, production and marketing of natural gas, and Cenovus Energy was formed to concentrate on oil exploration, production and sales. In 2019, Encana announced plans to move its corporate headquarters from Calgary, Alberta to Denver, Colorado and rebrand as Ovintiv Inc. Encana Corporation earned $5.9 billion in revenue and $1.07 billion in profit in 2018, and it held $15.3 billion in assets. It is a public company that trades on the Toronto Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange under the symbol ECA.
Pipelines in Canada
Pipelines are systems of connected pipes used to transport liquids and gases — namely oil and natural gas — across long distances from source to market. More than 840,000 km of pipelines criss-cross the country, part of a larger oil and gas sector that employs between 100,000 and 200,000 Canadians. According to Natural Resources Canada, the sector earns the government an average of $19 billion in royalties, fees and taxes each year. It also contributes nearly 8 per cent of Canada's gross domestic product.
Yet pipelines have also been controversial in Canada over fears that the fossil fuel use they facilitate could be significantly contributing to climate change. In recent years, Indigenous groups, environmentalists, municipalities, mayors and labour unions have opposed numerous pipeline projects they believe could contaminate local waterways through spills and leaks.
TC Energy (formerly TransCanada)
TC Energy Corporation (formerly TransCanada Corporation) is a natural gas, oil and power-generation	company headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. TC Energy owns more than 92,600 km of natural gas pipeline	in North America and transports more than 25 per cent of the gas consumed on the continent. It also operates power plants and gas storage facilities. A public company, it trades on the Toronto Stock Exchange	and the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol TRP. In 2018, TC Energy registered $13.7 billion in revenue and $3.5 billion in profit and held $98.9 billion in assets. The company employs about 7,300 people, more than half of them in Canada.
NOVA Corporation
NOVA Corporation was a Canadian energy company based in Calgary. Originally known as the Alberta Gas Trunk Line Company Ltd., it was established in 1954 to build, own and operate Alberta's natural gas gathering and transmission facilities. In 1998, NOVA merged with TransCanada (now TC Energy), creating the fourth largest gas pipeline company in North America.


Even a simple exterior home remodel can give your property a much needed boost.
The home exterior remodel cost will vary from project to project, but there are options for every budget.
There are several exterior house designs that are emerging as the years best trends.
You only get one chance to make a good first impression, especially when it comes to real estate. That's why a property's exterior is one of the most important parts of the house. Because the exterior of a home gives potential buyers, tenants, and more, a good idea as to what's inside, it's crucial to do whatever it takes to ensure your curb appeal is on point.
If you are hoping to boost the overall aesthetic of a given property, an exterior home remodel is a great strategy. Whether you are a homeowner or investor, there are exterior remodel projects for every budget. Keep reading to learn more about which renovations will help ensure your property makes a good first impression, every time.
Think through your vision for the renovation project.
Use your goals and finances to create a realistic budget.
Set a realistic timeline and be careful not to rush the details.
Assemble a team that you can trust for the job.
Consider how balance will help both your design and budget.
Do sufficient research on your neighborhood before getting started.
Prioritize lights and landscaping to make a strong impression.
Whether you are working on the inside or outside of a property, it is crucial to have a vision before starting a renovation project. Look through exterior home design styles to get a few ideas of your end goal and strategize which items you will need to tackle to get there. Don't worry if you are unfamiliar with the technical details, like electrical or plumbing, you can work with a team of professionals on the specifics. At this step it is more important to plan out the finished product, and think through the steps necessary to get there. By coming up with a plan in the beginning, you can help ensure all aspects of the exterior home remodel run smoothly.
For many investors and homeowners, budget will be the most critical aspect of a home remodel. Luckily, there are projects for every budget and by planning ahead you can make sure you stick to yours. As you look at house exterior styles, research potential materials and labor costs to get an idea of how much they will be. Be sure to consider the potential expenses for permits, labor, tools and more. This will help you determine which projects will be realistic for your finances. For more advice on setting a renovation budget, be sure to read this article.
The timeline of exterior home renovations will vary greatly depending on which projects you aim to complete. While a few cosmetic updates may be finished in one weekend, other renovations may take several weeks to get done right. The most important thing to keep in mind as you plan a timeline is to not rush through any project. An exterior home remodel is not the place to cut corners. After all, your goal is to improve the overall state of the home not create larger problems down the road.
When it comes to real estate, having the right team in your corner can be just as important as the property itself. In the case of exterior home renovations, the success of your project can come down to the right contractor. They will be able to help plan and oversee the entire renovation, making this a crucial role. A contractor should be able to provide insights into material costs, labor, a projected timeline and more. If you have worked in the real estate industry before, use your network to find a trustworthy contractor. On the other hand, if you are a homeowner looking for a contractor for the first time try following these tips on hiring a contractor you can trust.
Balance is an important aspect to any home renovation project for a number of reasons. First, it is crucial that the overall design of your property is balanced and symmetrical.. Look through popular house exterior styles for ideas that will result in a clean, consistent aesthetic for your property. Next, it is important to ensure that the finished product fits into the existing atmosphere of the neighborhood. Real estate investors hoping to sell or rent their properties should research comparable homes in the area. Renovations that are not in line with properties in the area may not have a high return on investment (ROI) in the long run.
Finally, balance can help both investors and homeowners stay on budget during a given project. Look for areas where you can decrease your budget in order to increase it where it counts. For example, you can save money by installing your own landscaping and use those extra funds to buy quality roofing materials or fix problematic foundation issues. In other words, spend money on projects that count and save money on cosmetic upgrades. Keep balance in mind throughout every phase of your remodel to help yourself stay on track throughout the process.
Before you start your exterior home remodel, it is essential to do your research and test your preferred designs. Drive around your area, look for pictures online and consult your contractor to get a feel for how your revamped exterior will look. This will help you tweak whatever doesn't seem right before you get too far into the project. If you are going for a dramatic change, test paint colors or building materials before you commit to using them. Try painting a small swatch or bringing a sample of a new material to your construction site to help yourself visualize. Remember, thorough research equates to successful end results.
Two of the most important factors when it comes to a good exterior home remodel are lighting and landscaping. While they may seem like minor details compared to a new roof or repainted exterior, the right lights and greenery can go a long way. There are a number of ways to illuminate your property, including lining pathways with lights, using track lighting or even installing a light above your front door. These tips will ensure your property is visible to guests and visitors at any time of day.
Landscaping is another crucial component of a successful exterior design. Greenery can help make a property look more homey and inviting. Research which plants are native to your area and how the weather will impact them year round. Just be sure to keep in mind how much time and energy you want to spend maintaining your landscape. Incorporating unique materials like rocks, pine, straw, artificial turf, wood chips, and cement is one way to keep maintenance costs and upkeep low.
Exterior Paint: A fresh paint job can make a big impact on your property. According to Home Again, the average ROI on a fresh coat of exterior paint is about 43 percent. Just be sure you look for color schemes that fit in with the style of your home and the neighborhood as a whole.
New Siding: Instead of a new paint job, it may be a good idea to replace the siding on your home all together. This can be a great chance to combine regular maintenance with an exterior remodel project.
Outdoor Kitchen: Outdoor kitchens or patio areas are becoming increasingly popular among buyers, making this a top project for property owners looking to boost their ROI. Be careful to research durable materials in order to make sure any new installations withstand the test of time.
Replace Garage Doors: While this change may seem small, replacing the garage door on a property can have a high ROI. Look into options that will blend in with the rest of the home and find options that work within your budget.
Fire Pits: Installing an outdoor fire pit can do wonders for your property. Because buyers want to be able to picture themselves living in your property, adding an outdoor space with a fire pit can make the overall property more desirable.
Be sure to read this article for more information on renovation projects with a high ROI.
Real estate investors and homeowners may notice the rise of dark and muted paint colors throughout the year. Shades like charcoal, black, dark blue and dark green will emerge as popular exterior home and trim colors.
The popularity of outdoor living spaces will likely grow throughout the year. Buyers will be increasingly interested in grilling areas, patios and the potential for outdoor seating.
Smart home technologies are not limited to a property's interior! New features include smart locks and exterior security features. Stay ahead of the curve by monitoring product releases.
Many homeowners will look for ways to increase natural light as they seek to improve the energy efficiency of their properties. Exterior homes will benefit from newly installed windows, doors, and even sun lights.
While new exterior paint colors will change the appearance of many neighborhoods, some traditional exterior trends will continue to thrive throughout the year. Homeowners on board with this trend should utilize white exterior paint with dark trim.
Replacing the roof of a property is more than a maintenance project. In fact, it can be a great way to boost exterior appeal. New design trends include using different colored shingles to create a textured appearance.
There are several ways to compliment a property's aesthetic appeal by adding accent features. Options include repainting the exterior trim, using mixed building materials or replacing window shutters.
Sheds and garages are no longer strictly used for old tools and boxes. Homebuyers will be looking at these added spaces as multipurpose areas, meaning investors should be sure to market them as such when selling or renting.
This simple project is a great way to remodel your home exterior. Whether you plan to clean the brick exterior or repaint it all together, this trend can change the entire look of a property.
Masonry work is a great way to remodel the exterior of a property. By adding stone work (whether as an accent feature or main attraction), homeowners can boost their home's aesthetic.
Whether you are an investor trying to attract potential buyers or a homeowner looking to impress the neighbors, your property's exterior is what will make the first impression. That's why an exterior home remodel is crucial for anyone hoping to boost their curb appeal. Do your research and plan out a design that will work best for your property and budget. By following the above tips you can help ensure your property makes a good impression, no matter who is looking at your home.
Do you have a home outside design in mind for your property? Share your inspiration in the comments below.
The post Exterior Home Remodel: Tips, Tricks, & Hottest Designs appeared first on FortuneBuilders.