You can own large, diversified profiles without spending the time and money needed to get shares of the individual business. Because ETF profiles are set to track a particular index, you only could be set for years on end.
1. Columbia EM Core ex-China (XCEM).
2. Invesco FTSE RAFI Arising Markets (PHX).
3. Schwab Fundamental Emerging Markets Huge Firm (FNDE).
4. SPDR Portfolio Arising Markets (SPEM).
5. Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets (VWO).
6. iShares Side MSCI Minimum Volatility Arising Markets (EEMV).
We've very carefully looked into as well as put together 6 of the very best emerging market ETFs you can get.
Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) permit you to pay lower commissions and also monitoring fees than typical common funds.
A shared fund, specifically the best stock etfs for 2019 , can be your solution for accessing arising markets. Arising markets may be taken those closest to the ends of the remote reaches of international supply chain and telecommunications network. Markets are considered "arising" when production, transport, and also communication cannot yet fulfill the demand for their natural deposits or domain name of products. In short, they're merely entering the global markets.
It's difficult for specialists to acquire common shares of specific firms in emerging markets with any type of degree of dependable market knowledge, and also it's nearly difficult for individual investors to do so. An arising market ETF like the Invesco FTSE RAFI Arising Markets (PXH) can give you some access to the youngest economic situations in their earliest phases of establishing commerce.
Morningstar adheres to 77 emerging market ETFs. Just one obtains Morning star's most significant luxury rating, Columbia EM Core ex-China (XCEM) as best dividend etfs for 2019 . The fund tracks the Beta Thematic Arising Markets ex-China Index that excludes companies domiciled in China and Hong Kong. The fund last reported just $8 million in possessions and greater than 20% of that was invested in 5 companies. The financial destinies of Samsung (KRX), as well as Taiwan Semiconductor (TSM), are essential to efficiency for XCEM.
A surer wager in emerging market exchange-traded funds may be one with a long-lasting record, low expenditures as well as sufficient liquidity. The Invesco FTSE RAFI Emerging Markets (PXH) has better-than-average returns for the three and also five years routing and also is among the minority in this team that taped a ten-year total return. But while many other ETFs shed double-digit portions over the last twelve months, PHX kipped down a -2.44% return. PHX likewise pays a 3 1/2% reward yield.
3. Schwab Fundamental Emerging Markets Large Business (FNDE).
Schwab Basic Arising Markets Big Firm (FNDE) does not have a ten-year performance history yet does have a low price-to-earnings proportion (P/E) of 7.02. FNDE tracks the Russell RAFI ™ Emerging Markets Large Company Index.
4. SPDR Portfolio Emerging Markets (SPEM).
SPDR Profile Arising Markets (SPEM) might owe a minimum of some of its consistent, lasting efficiency to its virtually nonexistent expense ratio of 0.11% as the best etfs for 2019, the lowest of any type of Arising Market ETF complied with by Morningstar. SPEM tracks the S&P Arising BMI Index.
There are $54 billion reasons why Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets (VWO) makes a robust emerging-markets investment as best bond etfs for 2019 ; that is the quantity this fund has offered to support its procedures and also supply liquidity for any kind of market problem. VWO tracks the FTSE Arising Markets All Cap China An Incorporation Index, made up of over 4,000 ordinaries shares in arising markets all over the world.
6. iShares Edge MSCI Minimum Volatility Arising Markets (EEMV).
iShares Side MSCI Minimum Volatility Arising Markets (EEMV) succeeded against the headwinds of the in 2015's decreasing arising markets as the best ETFs to buy 2019, as it lost just 3.3% and also holds a healthy $4.6 billion in assets. As its name states, this ETF tracks the MSCI Arising Markets Minimum Volatility Index.
If emerging markets perform to their possible, average index returns are eye-catching when compared to any kind of various other market. Common funds enable accessibility to diversified profiles of supplies. ETFs, permit investment in narrower strips of the stock market by tracking indexes and also prolong your reach to the ends of supply chains and also communications networks.
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Kenya: Rinderpest is eradicated (by John Cheburet from Farm Radio Weekly in Kenya)
Nelly Bassily | December 20, 2010
Poria Ole Suntai watches over his 70 head of cattle as they graze the lush pasture on his 80 hectare farm in Isinya, Kenya, 50 kilometres south of Nairobi. He is content, knowing that he will never have to face rinderpest again. The disease is known locally as oludwa. It wiped out almost his entire herd in the 1970s.
Kenya was certified as rinderpest free by the World Animal Health Organization on 28 May 2009. More than one year later, on Friday 26th November of this year, pastoralists and scientists met with national and international agencies at Meru National Park to commemorate this extraordinary feat and declare Kenya free of rinderpest.
Two of Mr. Ole Suntai's cows that received the rinderpest vaccine 10 years ago are still alive. The vaccine has been of great benefit, but pastoralists are relieved that that the highly contagious disease has finally been eradicated. The deadly animal virus has been a major threat to food security and rural development.
Mr. Ole Suntai's 70 cattle are the sole source of income and sustenance for his big household of four wives and thirty children. He says, "Disease and drought are my biggest worries. I dread outbreaks because if I lose my animals then there is no way I can take care of my family."
Rinderpest has also had a huge effect on buffalo, kudu, and giraffe populations in Kenya's national parks. Meru National Park has suffered particularly serious outbreaks. The last known occurrence of rinderpest in the park was in 2001.
Francis Gakuya is head of veterinary services for the Kenya Wildlife Service. He explains, "Rinderpest had high mortality and morbidity rates and any loss of wildlife affected tourism, which contributes up to 15% of Kenya's GDP." While wildlife diseases affect GDP, pastoralists such as Mr. Ole Suntai care for the largest livestock populations in Kenya. Pastoralists often graze their animals close to or even inside national parks. This factor complicated the fight against rinderpest.
However, a coordinated global effort has now brought rinderpest to the brink of extinction. For Kenya, the goal of global eradication by 2011 has come early. This is probably because Kenya was the heart of field activities, including vaccine development and mass vaccination of livestock and wildlife.
Now that rinderpest has been eradicated from Kenya, the focus will shift to the control and eradication of other livestock diseases. Trypanosomiasis, peste des petits ruminants (PPR), East Coast Fever and Foot and Mouth Disease top the list. These diseases pose a great threat to household economies across the country.
Poria Ole Suntai's grandchildren will not have to live through a rinderpest epidemic. They will only hear of it, as one of the stories of old told by the family fireplace.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One Woman Power Living a Life Beyond the Ordinary.
Get tickets to events by One Woman Power Living a Life Beyond the Ordinary.. Read more about the events, sign up and invite your friends to join. You can see the upcoming events below, or check back later when more events are added.


What is a Fabric Exchange?
We will be having at least two fabric exchanges this year.
Guild members may sign up to exchange either a specified size fabric square or 3" strips, according to a specified theme.
Participants stack the required size cut of three (3) Quilt Shop quality fabrics in a single layer, one on top of another, and cut the pieces according to the instructions for that particular exchange. When cutting the squares only, please remove the selvages before cutting.
Each set of the three (3) fabrics are then secured by a tailor tack or basting stitch across one corner. Please do not use pins or staples to secure the sets.The yield of squares for the exchange will vary depending on the size of squares or strips being exchanged. (Ex: The 3" strips will yield 12 strips per yard. Three fabrics x 12 strips = 36 strips exchanged.).
Guild members may sign up more than once and prepare a separate packet if they would like a larger collection from a particular fabric exchange.
Sets are stacked and packaged in one, large Ziploc baggie with the participant's name and phone number written in permanent marker on the baggie.
Packets must be returned to Material Girls on the due date before the meeting begins.
Material Girls shuffle and redistribute the sets to the participants at the close of the meeting in which they are due. This activity is a great way to collect a selection of fabrics you may not already have or don't usually buy to be used for appliqué, charm quilts and more.
What is a Block Drawing?
This is an optional activity offered twice this year. Material Girls supplies a packet which includes a piece of focus or background fabric. Participant adds other fabric component to complete the block according to instructions. Participating guild members sign up and get instructions to make a block or block(s), as directed, to be turned in for a chance to win a "block kit", consisting of enough blocks for a throw size quilt. For each block(s) the participant turns in, she enters her name into the drawing. Each participant may win only one "block kit" even though she may have entered the drawing several times by making more blocks for the drawing. Completed blocks are turned in at the Material Girls table before the start of the meeting in which the blocks are due so that the drawing may be held before the end of the meeting. Participants may add their own sashing, borders, etc., to design and complete their quilt, or use suggestions provided by Material Girls. There are usually 4-6 winners, depending on how many blocks are turned in. This is a great way to try a new block or fabric line. Any member may participate as long as VQ packet supplies last.
is invited to sign up starting at this meeting.
Each person will receive a package containing one 6.5 inch background square and one pre-drawn circle on fusible interfacing.
Please attach the fusible to the back of a polka dot square, cut out along drawn line and fuse to center of provided square.
Please use a zig zag stitch of 3.5 width and 1.5 length to attach along edge.
These blocks will be due by the May meeting, where some lucky winners will be drawn!
Thinking ahead……we plan on introducing a Christmas fabric exchange in May.
Only one fabric is needed (1.5yds).
Twenty 10 inch squares from one fabric will be swapped with others signing up.
You will receive 20 different 10 inch squares that will be used in the "Christmas in July" block drawing.
As you look through your stash or shop for more fabric, you might find just what is needed for this swap and July's drawing….
Please contact Barb Martz or Sue DeMassellis if you have questions.


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Q: Android Studio + Volley = NoClassDefFound? Well, I decided to try out the Volley networking library for Android and the new Android Studio IDE at the same time.. However, I'm running into some problems.
I built volley.jar, copied it into my libs folder for a new project, edited build.gradle to include volley, and setup a static ImageLoader and RequestQueue in my main activity.  However, when I load the app onto an emulator (4.2), I end up getting

E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
        java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com.android.volley.toolbox.Volley
when invoking Volley as follows:

        queue = Volley.newRequestQueue(this);

Gradle edits to support the library:

dependencies {
    compile files('libs/android-support-v4.jar')
    compile files('libs/volley.jar')
}

Anyone mind pointing me in the right direction?

A: Exception java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com.google.android.gms.common.AccountPicker
Found the fix here.
Basically, open a command prompt (or terminal) and navigate to your project directory.  Use the following command on Windows:
For Windows users:
gradlew.bat clean
And for mac users type: ./gradlew clean
Then reload Android Studio and try again!

A: I'm sure your method works too, but I didn't even mess around with the gradle build stuff.
Instead, I simply copied the com folder into my java src folder in Android Studio. It works for Eclipse too.

A: I was having the same error trying to run an application with volley
E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
        java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com.android.volley.toolbox.Volley

in IntelliJ.
I simply had to go into File >> Project Structure (CTRL+ALT+SHIFT+S)
to the volley module, then the associated facet and check the checkbox 'Library module' to resolve the issue.

A: *

*Open "File -> Project Structure"

*Click "Project Settings -> Modules"

*Click "Add -> Import Module"

*Select Volley directory on your computer that you already cloned the Volley Project via "git clone"

*After adding Volley as a library project/module, check if there is a cyclic dependency reference to your main project under "Modules -> Volley -> Dependencies", delete it if available

*Check if Volley module is added to your main Project Module under "Modules -> Your Projects Main Module -> Dependencies", if there is no depencency on there, click "Add -> Module Depencency"

*After adding Volley depencency, move to "Up" if needed. I'm not sure if it's necessary.

*Click "Project Settings -> Facets -> Volley" tick the checkbox named "Library module", to make your volley module not to run standalone but run like a module with your Project's Main module

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Nano Technology Engineering
Degrees offered: B.E /B.Tech, B.Sc., Diploma, Dual Degree, M.E /M.Tech., M.Phil., M.Sc.
Eligibilty Criteria
Jobs Profiles
Required Skillset
What is Nano Technology Engineering
Nanotechnology Engineering is the manipulation of nanomaterials to convert it into useful and effective materials, structures, devices. And the branch of engineering that deals with the study of nanotechnology is known as Nanotechnology Engineering or NanoEngineering.
It wasn't 30-40 years that this term was coined, but the technique has been used since a very long time. The centuries-old stained glass window of medieval churches is proof of the use of nanoscale materials.
Scientists and engineers all over the world are in a continuous endeavour to implement the use of Nanotechnology Engineering into various aspects of one's life to take maximum advantage of its enhanced features.
Nanotechnology Engineering includes the formation of products at an atomic level and innovating effective machinery and tools. Various industries such as electronics and power generation have already adapted this technology.
Students who want to build a lucrative career in the field of science can study Nanotechnology Engineering in graduation as it is a promising field and has a wide scope. It is assumed that the revolution brought by nanotechnology will be way broader than IT and the internet.
Eligibility Criteria (UG & PG) of Nano Technology Engineering
For Undergraduate in Nanotechnology Engineering
The candidate applying for Bachelors in Nanotechnology Engineering should have qualified their class 12th board exams from a recognized central or state school education board in India.
The candidate should have mandatorily studied PCM subjects in their class 12th exams i.e. Physics, Chemistry, and Maths.
The candidate must have an aggregate of 55% or more in their class 12th exams for securing admission in most of the colleges.
For Postgraduate in Nanotechnology Engineering
In order to be eligible for admission in PG ecourses, the candidates should have completed their BTech Degree with 50% or more marks from a recognized institution/college/university.
For PhD in Nanotechnology Engineering
The candidates should have completed their master's degree from a recognized college, institute or university with 55% or more marks.
The minimum marks required are reduced to 50% for candidates from OBC/SC/ST category.
Candidates can apply for JRF only till the age of 30.
Entrance Exam for Nanotechnology Engineering
Some colleges provide admission based on entrance exam while some provide admission based on the candidate's merit. Mostly a student must undergo two rounds for selection -
Institutional Test/Entrance Exam (if any)
Personal Interview/ Group Discussion (GD)
The entrance exam for some of the best colleges that provide a UG/PG/PhD programs have been listed below:
At Undergraduate Level –
IIT-JEE (JEE Main and JEE Advanced)- JEE Main is a national level exam conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) twice a year for admission to NITs, IIITs and some other government-funded institutes of technology. . Students who qualify JEE Main can only appear for JEE Advanced. By qualifying JEE Advanced, candidates become eligible for admission to IITs and other premier institutes. It provides admission based on the ranks and marks achieved by the students.
WBJEE – West Bengal Joint Entrance Exam- WBJEE is a state-level joint entrance exam for engineering and pharmacy students. It is conducted by West Bengal Joint Entrance Exam Board (WBJEEB).
SRMJEEE – SRM Joint Engineering Entrance Exam- SRMJEEE is a university-level exam for BTech students. It is conducted by SRM Institute of Science and Technology. It is conducted online in June.
At Postgraduate Level –
GATE (Gratitude and Aptitude Test in Engineering)- GATE is an entrance exam conducted by IISC and IIT for admission in PG courses. It's a national level exam, conducted online mode. The exam is composed of objective type questions and is generally conducted in February.
Doctorate Level –
UGC NET (National Eligibility Test) – UGC NET is a national level entrance exam conducted by NTA for Junior Research Fellowship or Assistant professor. It is conducted in September – November.
SIU PET (Symbiosis International University PhD Entrance Exam)- SIU PET is a university-level exam for Symbiosis International University. It is conducted online in June.
Scope of Nano Technology Engineering in India and Abroad
Nanotechnology Engineering is assumed to outshine IT and the Internet in the near future as it is termed as the "green and clean" alternative to the existing ones. There's a huge scope in this field as the government of India is taking the initiative to introduce and implement this technology in various fields.
There are programs such as "Nano Mission" to encourage and research on Nanotechnology Engineering. The most developed field as of now is nanomaterial, Nanoelectronics, and Nanobiotechnology.
Course Fees Nano Technology Engineering
Minimum Fees
Maximum Fees
Private Government Private Government
B.E /B.Tech in Nano Technology Engineering at KS Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode
17.80 Lakhs
Dual Degree in Nano Technology Engineering at Amity University, Noida
M.Phil. in Nano Technology Engineering at MATS University, Raipur
M.E /M.Tech. in Nano Technology Engineering at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
Dual Degree in Nano Technology Engineering at Amity University, Jaipur
M.E /M.Tech. in Nano Technology Engineering at Delhi Technological University, Delhi
Ph.D in Nano Technology Engineering at Amity University, Mumbai
Ph.D in Nano Technology Engineering at University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad
Ph.D in Nano Technology Engineering at Amity University, Noida
Diploma in Nano Technology Engineering at University of Technology, Jaipur
Diploma in Nano Technology Engineering at CMJ University, Shillong
Course Subjects
The course syllabus differs on the basis of specialisation, but all the Nanotechnology Engineering students are taught four basic Nanotechnology Engineering subjects including micro and Nano-instrumentation, Nano-electronics, Nano bio-systems, and Nano-engineered materials.
Apart from this here's the list of core subjects that are taught while pursuing a course in Nanotechnology Engineering.
Principles of Environmental Science
Biology for Engineers
Elements of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics
Fundamentals of Solid State Technology
Properties of Nanomaterials
Production of Nanomaterials
Electronic and Optical Properties of Material
Non-conventional Energy Sources
Nano Measurement
Atomic and electronic structure of matter
Bioengineered Nanomaterials
Careers in Nano Technology Engineering
Professionals in the field of Nanotechnology Engineering can have a furtive career in diverse sectors from medical to agricultural departments. There's a high demand for skilled Nano engineers in both government and private institutions.
You can choose a career in several fields according to your interest and specialisation as there's specialisation in Nanomaterial which is widely used as a coating for textiles, automobiles and aerospace, then there's Nano Biotechnology which involves research in medicine, non-invasive surgery, and Nanoprobes.
This provides a wide range of opportunities and a dynamic career for the students studying Nanotechnology Engineering. You can be employed by both, the firms that manufacture nanomaterials and the sectors that use it. Nanotechnology Engineering graduates can work as scientists or executive managers in various field such as :
Electronics/semiconductor industry
Auto and aerospace industries
Medical fields and pharmaceuticals
Food science (quality control and packaging)
Forensic Industry
Job Profiles and Top Recruiters
Job profile in Nanotechnology Engineering
Project assistants are expected to provide support and create balance at the during executing projects.
They report directly to the project director and are required to ensure that there are no confusions or interruptions impeding the progress of the project.
Project engineers are responsible for discussing the objectives of a project as well as review project proposals with the management.
They must keep a close watch on the project phases and assign tasks to employees accordingly. They must also review bids from various contractors.
Service engineers review each machine at regular intervals so that they can find the fault and rectify it to avoid any major accident. They have to be well versed with a usual manual.
Account executives have to manage a lot of tasks as part of their duties, ranging from preparing campaign strategy, developing a budget, creating new campaign ideas, managing the account, sending invoices to the clients, and delivering pitches to the clients.
As a lecturer you will get an opportunity to nurture young minds and train them with the key concepts in the field of Nanotechnology Engineering. You will have to understand the objectives of the institute and then perform all the duties assigned to you as a lecturer to the fullest.
Nanotechnology Engineering Top Recruiters
GE Engineering
Dr Reddy's Lab
Nano Serendipity Consortium
Global Pharma MNC
Required Skillset for Nano Technology Engineering
According to TOI, India produces about 1.5 Million engineers every year, but sadly the number of jobs available is comparatively very low. In a country where 1 out of 10 students is an engineer it's difficult to compete, isn't it?
You might be brilliant, but how will you prove that to your future employer.
Well, every professional must possess academic knowledge, hard skills and soft skills that help the employer pick them from the crowd.
Following is the list of skills that an engineer requires to be better than the rest:
Communication and Leadership Skills – Excellent communication skills are imperative in this field as you need to be able to express your thoughts, views, and opinions to your seniors, subordinates, and clients efficiently. The process of developing/researching concepts requires a brilliant mind. Unless one can collaborate and work with different professionals effectively, it's not possible to deliver the required result.
Knowledge Literacy – It is not possible for an individual to possess knowledge about every topic, provided the limited span of the course but the ability to adapt to changes and new development is of prime importance. A Nanotechnologist must be able to research and analyse any topic and create a powerful project.
Industry Skills – The field of technology demands knowledge in both theoretical and practical form. Lacking either one is not ideal. The course curriculum of an engineer requires them to work on various projects, and therefore the industry expects a graduate in Nanotechnology Engineering to be skilled.
Critical Thinking – After majoring from a subject, everyone will expect you to be an expert in your subject and analyse every matter professionally. You cannot think and work like a layman in a field like Nano Technology. It is important to think wisely to make use of an opportunity.
Problem Solving – You might stumble upon professional problems in your work field that will require you to analyse, reflect and make a quick judgement to end the problem. Having the ability to negotiate a problem is a must.
Course Curriculum for Nano Technology Engineering
Bachelors in Nanotechnology Engineering is a 4 years long professional course, which is divided into 8 semesters. The curriculum is designed to make a student experienced and skilled in topics such as nanotechnology, nano-engineered materials, and their evolving properties.
The Nanotechnology Engineering course curriculum has been designed by the institutions to deliver thorough knowledge and experience to a professional which will help with seamless functioning in the dynamic market landscape. Students are expected to stay updated with evolving technologies, perform the assigned tasks diligently, and take part in seminars and workshops to acquire industrial knowledge.
The curriculum strikes a balance between theoretical knowledge and industry skills.
Popular Nano Technology Engineering Entrance Exams in India VIEW ALL
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE)
Exam Date: 06 Feb, 2021
Declaration of Result: 22 Mar, 2021
Get Updates Download Brochure
Popular Nano Technology Engineering Colleges in India VIEW ALL
Ph.D Nanotechnology and Science View all Courses
Rated AAAAA (Exceptional)
Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu
B.Tech Nanotechnology View all Courses
Fees: ₹ 1,500,000
Exams: JEE Main , SRMJEEE
Rated AAAA+ (Outstanding)
Vellore, Tamil Nadu
M.Tech Nanotechnology View all Courses
Fees: ₹ 360,000
Exams: GATE , VITMEE
PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore
ME Nanoscience and Technology View all Courses
Exams: GATE , TANCET
Questions related to Nano Technology Engineering
can nanotech had better scope?
Aniket Sharma 28th Apr, 2020
hi Vignesh,
Yes, Nanotech has tremendous scope in future. A real world example is see how much our smartphone's processor are getting smaller and powerful year after year. But to get exposure of Nanotechnology in India, you have to get into IITs/IISc. In India it is not easy to get deep knowledge of this technology. Only in top institutions you will get world class exposure because you have top notch faculty there. Also you can get very good package after graduating from these colleges. So try to get into IITs/IISc to study nanotechnology.
I hope this answer will help.
All the best for the future!!
Is there any placements for Nanotechnology in JNTUH??
ojaswiyolo Student Expert 4th Jul, 2019
The placements provided by the university includes companies like A CCENTURE, Dr Reddys LaboratoriesLtd, GVK, Mylan and TCS.
You can visit their officialsite for more information http://jntuhist.ac.in/ . You can also checkout https://jntuhceh.ac.in/placements . All the best.
Which colleges are offering nanotechnology in andhra pradesh and telangana
dhameerbhatia31_7970609 Student Expert 8th Feb, 2019
Hello Gowtham,
Nano technology colleges in Andhra Pradesh -
Aura's Scientific and Technological Research Academy
Institute of Science amd Technology
Jawahar lal nehru Technological university
Koneru Lakshmaiah education Foundation
SNIST
Nano technology colleges in Telangana -
ATMA Uppal
Thanku.
Is nanotechnology worth doing ?? Does it have scope ?? How much will it take to study ??
Akhila Nagasree 13th Jan, 2019
Nanotech has huge scope. A major portion of it lies towards research. Currently with the advancement of NEMS and thin film electronics the applications of nano have increased even more. There is research being done on nanoparticles for treatment of cancer and there are studies on programmable nano devices.
The study cost for btech in nanotechnology in india costs around 10lakh to 15lakh.
To get more information regarding the course as well as colleges, please go through the following link
https://www.shiksha.com/b-tech/colleges/b-tech-in-nanotechnology-colleges-india
Hope this helps.....
Which is the best college for nanotechnology (robotics).
Harshit sethi 31st Jan, 2020
You can pursue Nanotechnology in Indian Institute of Technology Bombay but it offers a Phd degree . And if you are patient enough, then you can also get satisfied with an M.Tech degree in Nanotechnology in Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Netaji Subhash Institute of Technology or Indian Institute of Science Bangalore. These are all good colleges in which you can pursue Nanotechnology after doing B.Tech in Computer Science or Electronics Engineering or Material Science.
But if you want a bachelor's degree , then you can go for SRM or Amity University.
Have a question related to Nano Technology Engineering ? Ask
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text:
Q: How to create mercurial tag with a space I would like to tag a changeset in Mercurial to 'Distribution 1.0'.
Unfortunatly I cannot find a command line command for creating a tag with a space in it's name.
When I use hg tag -m "Distribution 1.0" (double quotes) I get the help for the hg tag command indicating that I have an error.
When I use hg tag -m 'Distribution 1.0' a tag with the name 1.0' (single quotes) is created.
I know some tools don't like spaces alltogether, but if I edit my .hgtags file I can create a tag with a space.
Anybody knows how to do this?

A: Use hg tag "Distribution 1.0".  The -m option provides the message for the commit that creates the tag, so you can use both:  hg tag "Distribution 1.0" -m "Distribution 1.0".


Oshkosh Schools could receive nearly 5 percent more in state aid.
The Oshkosh Area School District is expected to receive nearly 5 percent more in state aid this year than it received last year.
The district could receive $55.9 million in general aid for 2016-17, according to estimates released by the Department of Public Instruction July 1. In 2015-16, it received $53.4 million.
More than 260 districts could see an increase because of changes in how the Independent Charter School and Milwaukee Parental Choice programs are funded, according to a release from the DPI.
The Winneconne Community School District could also receive an increase of nearly 13 percent with $6.4 million for 2016-17, up from $5.6 million last year.
Meanwhile, the School District of Omro would see a 3.5 percent decrease, from $7.9 million to $7.6 million.
Green Lake schools would also see a large decrease of nearly 15 percent. That district is expected to receive $13,000, down from the more than $15,000 it received last year.
The estimates are not final and are impacted by property values and enrollment counts. The DPI will finalize the numbers once those amounts are reported by districts in October.


Is it Time to Consider a VoIP Phone Solution?
Is it cheaper than what I am paying now?
Is it better than what I have now?
Each in their own way have both pros and cons and depending on how each of them are being used, will out shine its competitors; if they did not, they would not have a place in the market share.
We have been using VoIP in our business for several years now. During that time period we have had very few issues. Most issues, generally an Internet Service Provider (ISP) outage, were out of our control. Since a VoIP solution uses the internet to carry voice traffic, this is a crucial element to the system. Just a quick note here, in a traditional phone system you are dependent on the Phone Company being able to deliver your voice traffic. With VoIP there are multiple less expensive ways to reduce the risk of your phones being down.
So why do we use a VoIP solution, there are many reasons. First and foremost, we have the ability to configure the way it works for what we need it to do for our company. It is easy to use, easy to configure, easy to add and remove phones, adjust auto attendant, call flows, one Private Branch Exchange (PBX) for company with multiple locations.
A client of ours is using the same VoIP company and has offices in St. Louis and Chicago and both locations are controlled from a central location in St. Louis. They have the ability and freedom to open an office anywhere in the continental United States and put that new location under the same phone system with the ability to transfer calls between location by dialing phone extensions.
We worked with them to do a cost comparison between two individual Traditional Analog systems and the cost to upgrade their existing network infrastructure, while moving to a VoIP solution. Their Return on Investment (ROI) was 16 months. They are currently on month 9 and happy with the new phone system and its abilities to handle their needs at both locations. Their internal Office Manager can configure and make changes as needed.
When we are asked to do a cost comparison between Traditional Analog systems and a VoIP solution, cost alone for a VoIP solution is generally cheaper (This depends on the VoIP company you are looking at). It is critical to understand voice traffic goes over the Internal Network Infrastructure. If that equipment is not able to distinguish between data and voice traffic, users may experience voice quality issues. With the correct equipment in place, voice traffic can be given priority over data traffic. This does not imply that network speed will be affected, but does imply, how it handles data on and off the network.
Another area that VoIP has helped our company is with technician's cell phone numbers being given out. The technicians are on the road or at a client location. With our VoIP solution vendor they have developed an application for cell phones. When making a business call for our company, the technicians will call out through the application. The caller on the receiving end of this call sees the company phone number coming in, not the technicians personal cell number. Calls from customers can be transferred, routed to the technician's cell easily without call interruption. Technicians like that their cell number is not in the client's phone, eliminating direct calls to them after hours.
Does my current system meet our needs?
Will it grow with us?
Can someone on staff make the changes we need?
These are a few questions to consider, if you answered no to any question, now might be the time to investigate a VoIP solution.


why should stock prices decline if bond prices do?
The main argument that they should is an economic one–that demand for stocks (or bonds, for that matter) is only one expression of a more basic demand, a desire for savings. That demand expresses itself in interest in liquid vehicles like stocks, bonds, or cash, as well as illiquid ones like real estate or hedge funds.
Allocation among investment vehicles is partly a function of individual preferences, partly one of price/expected return. In theory, investors change their allocation among liquid alternatives like stocks, bonds and cash depending, at least to some degree, on their perception of relative value. So, if bond prices go down (bonds become cheaper), investors will allocate more new money to bonds and will sell some of their (now relatively more expensive) stocks to buy bonds. Professional arbitrageurs may join in, too. This selling makes stocks go down, too.
In the real world, however, this doesn't always happen.
Look at recent history. Stocks are up 150% over the last four years, while individuals have shunned equities and poured money into bonds. No judgment of relative value there. No consideration of potential future returns.
What about the AAPL bond offering? Only a few weeks ago, people were more than happy to buy AAPL 30-year bonds with a(n ultra-low) coupon of 3.85%, even though the Fed had been making it clear for a long time that the normal rate on cash should be higher than that. No long-term thinking here. Those bonds are now more than 10% lower, as sentiment has changed.
When the economy is overheating and chronic inflation threatens (not the situation we're in now), the Fed raises rates. Bond prices drop. Anticipating lower profits, stocks also fall.
At the end of recession, on the other hand, the Fed raises rates from emergency lows back to what it judges to be normal (inflation + a real return for lenders). Bond prices fall. Historically, in this situation stock prices don't. Historically, they go sideways to up, because the Fed's intention is to remove emergency assistance, not to slow profit growth.
It seems to me that this is a key difference that Wall Street is overlooking so far. I can understand why the bond market is upset, though. I would be too if I thought that thirty years on cruise control, riding the gravy train of ever-lower interest rates, is over.
does the absolute level of interest rates matter?
Jim Paulsen's comments that I wrote about yesterday made me think back to a simpler time–the mid-1980s. Arguably, you have to go back that far to get a period when markets weren't distorted by Alan Greenspan's penchant for very loose money policy.
Back then, it seemed to me that investors looked carefully at the return they could get on a cash deposit vs. what the stock market might offer. If money markets began to yield, say, 5%, some market participants would begin to shift money out of stocks and into cash. The idea seemed to be that a 5%, 0r a 6%, return that was very likely over the following twelve months and that involved very little risk was preferable to a potential 8%-10% return that required taking the risk of owning stocks.
I don't know, but it may be that the absolute yield on cash will be a more important consideration again today for stocks than their relative value vs bonds. If so, in today's world, a 4% yield on cash might be the threshold for switching out of stocks. Maybe it's 3.5%. But it's certainly not the current zero.


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Donald Wexler-designed desert gem yours for $3.5M
Water features galore
By Megan Barber@megcbarber Nov 14, 2018, 11:29am EST
© www.GeorgeGutenberg.com
Have a nomination for a jaw-dropping listing that would make a mighty fine House of the Day? Get thee to the tipline and send us your suggestions. We'd love to see what you've got.
Location: Indian Wells, California
The challenge of building in desert environments might make some architects think twice, but for renowned architect Donald Wexler, the California desert was irresistible. He's been called the founder of Palm Springs Modernism, and this four-bedroom, five-and-a-half-bath home in Indian Wells features all of his trademark style.
Measuring 6,722 square feet, the house was originally constructed in the mid-80s but has recently undergone a renovation to update the amenities. With low-hanging eaves, lots of horizontal lines, and exposed steel, the home is classic late-era Wexler.
Water features like a concrete bridge to the entryway and a cascading waterfall near the pool area help soften the exterior steel. Inside, wood accents compliment huge windows and sliding glass doors that open to the outdoors.
The home is located within The Vintage Club, a 479-home country club known for its five-star amenities like two 18-hole Tom Fazio-designed golf courses and tennis, swim, and fitness facilities.
If the desert is calling your heart, 75267 Morningstar Drive is on the market now for $3,495,000.
Frank Lloyd Wright's Final Design, Auctioned Last Year for $1.7M, Now Asks $8M. Huh?
The 8 most important principles of interior design To find interior design nirvana, experts always follow these eight underlying principles. Space planning is key, and less really is often more.
5 vintage campers for sale right now They might need a bit of work, but an affordable vintage trailer could be just the thing to get you camping.
10 things to watch out for the first time you view a home Spot the good, bad, and expensive before making an offer.
Want a prefab house? Here's everything you need to know Prefab home manufacturers bill their houses as cheaper, more sustainable, and quicker to build. But what exactly is a prefab home, and do they live up to these claims?
Peek Inside Anne Rice's Former New Orleans Mansion


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Lootera - A Leaf of Love and Life
20:11:00 Cinema, Hindi, Review, Sonakshi Sinha
Lootera Review :
If one day, love comes before you with all its pain and happiness, what will you call it ? Silence... Oh, anyway my answer is Lootera!!
Vikramaditya Motwane is a tested and proven director. You might have seen his 'Udaan'. And now Lootera is here. It is one among the few perfect masterpieces ever produced in Indian Cinema. While you watch Lootera, you may feel that you are reading a Tagorian lyrical outburst.
Lootera says the LOVE story of Varun, a thief and Pakhi, an innocent girl in Bengal. The story happens in the 50's, when the land acquisition law was came into effect.
The whole setting of the movie matches the period. And the plot is not crammed with characters and sub-stories. It is the story of Varun and Pakhi. All other characters are kept away from the spotlight.
Varun had a dream. He wanted to paint a masterpiece before he die. Atlast he paints it. A leaf of love and life, just for her. His Pakhi. Here you can see the most touching adaptation of O. Henry's 'The Last Leaf'.Varun achieves his dream. That too for her. So he has enough reasons to smile at death.
Buy Romantic Melodies of Lootera from Flipkart.com
Lootera says, in a soft voice, that love is life. If you love somebody, you are giving life to him/her. And your life begins there. Pakhi's smile, which you see before the end credits is Varun's love and that love keeps her alive.
Sonakshi Sinha looks prettier than ever before. Can't take your eyes away from her. Pakhi is alive in her hands. Ranveer Singh adds colour to Varun. Their onscreen chemistry has a major role in the movie.
All the technical aspects including cinematography, editing, sound etc are in well sync. Songs and background score are perfect for the mood. vikramaditya Motwane needs a special applause for the flawless art of filmmaking. If I have to point out a negative, I should say, some parts of the movie are bit slow and dragging.
I hope you all might have seen Aamir Khan-Kajol starrer 'Fannaa'. Some narrow shades of similarities can be traced in both. But no comparisons at all.
Lootera is a simple movie.It is the story of Varun and Pakhi and their own love story. Never expect any of our bollywood romantic masalas in it. Lootera is tragic, but leaves you with a smile on your face.
Tail end : When few dew drops glittered in my eyes, I just turned around. Saw a girl sitting in the back row, fighting hard to hide a monsoon of emotions. Lootera...
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The Third Sex in Indian Cinema
22:05:00 Bengali, Cinema, Hindi, Movie
Anticipation, adulation and celebration—this was how Kolkata responded to Rituparno Ghosh's films. But, this time when his new movie is released, there will be anticipation and adulation, but no more celebration. The reason—Ghosh is no more.
He never beat a new path for himself in filmdom. Nor did he try any extraordinarily brilliant technical experiments in his forte, like Satyajith Ray, his creative mentor. Yet, he hogged the headlines and caused furor in the society he lived in. How? He had a special eye for the lives of the marginalized, and a creative fond for the underbellies of Indian society. When Ghosh set his foot on filmdom, Bengali cinema was a barren land. He turned it into a fertile soil by exploring the sentiments of the urban middle class to which he, too, belonged.
By all means, he was like a truant child; curious, creative and forever unafraid to chuck stones into the placid pool that sometimes society is. Born and brought up in Kolkata, Ghosh made friends with movie-making through his father who was a documentary film maker. Starting his career with Hirer Angti, a film for children, he later made a seismic shift to movies of great intensity, the first in the list being Unish April. It explored a mother-daughter relationship and won him the national award for best feature film in 1994. He made 19 movies of which 12 won national awards. In the mean time, he gave a go at Hindi cinema too, with movies like Chokher Bali and Rain Coat.
In 2008, Ghosh became a hot topic when he declared that he belonged to the third sex, and appeared his head being shaved off and sporting salwars, dupattas, bindis and ornaments. Unabashed to go public on his fluid sexuality, he perfected the role of a transgender in Arekti Premer Golpo, and that of a homosexual in Chitrangada. In the history of India cinema, Ghosh will be best remembered as a film-maker who spoke for subaltern. Yes, truly he is a subaltern-film maker.
Sreenath V S,
Research Scholar, Indian Institute of Technology,
V***na, No Longer a Swear Word!
21:56:00 Books
The other day, I was chatting with one of my girl friends over a cup of tea. We discussed so many topics in which we shared a common interest. And at one point I asked her whether she had read the play The Vagina Monologues by Eve Ensler. Instantly, she gazed at me--her eyes blaring--and asked—— Hey, Sree! Aren't you ashamed?" It was really, really a shock to me. I thought an educated, high-profile girl like her would take it in its real sense. Poor I who mistook a Kerala village girl for a hi-fi one! So, I pondered very seriously on it later, and finally said to myself, "Nope. If Eve Ensler can write a book by this title, then I can surely speak about it."
That incident taught me a, too—"Don't mention the name of body parts to girls, especially to one from Kerala." Long live Ensler, who was quite candid about her bodily experiences and considered vagina a tool for female empowerment. A playwright, feminist and an activist, Ensler is still remembered for groundbreaking work Vagina Monologues, an episodic play that was translated into some 48 languages and performed in over 140 countries.
First performed at Here Arts Center in New York City on 3 October 1996, the play is in the form of varying monologues rendered by three female characters. Each monologue speaks of one or other feminine experience, ranging from matters such as sex, love, rape, menstruation, female genital mutilation, masturbation, birth, and orgasm . The theme that recurs throughout the play is vagina as a tool of female empowerment,and the ultimate embodiment of individuality.
Ensler says, "Everything about the patriarchal society has made women feel bad about their bodies, particularly about their sexuality." She wants all the women across the world, irrespective of their caste,colour and creed , to love their body. The more a woman loves her body, the more she turns creative and come into her own, says Ensler. And one more interesting factor before I conclude-- The work is a biological entity,too. Every year, it grows and widens its kitten of themes by adding a new monologue that highlights to a current issue affecting women around the world.
Research Scholar,
IIT, Kanpur
Buy The Vagina Monologues Reprint Edition from Flipkart.com just for Rs. 318
Raanjhanaa (Ambikapathy) - Monsoon of Love
22:21:00 Dhanush, Movie, Review, Tamil
Raanjhanaa (Ambikapathy) Movie Review :
A good movie. Not a perfect one, but recommendable. That is the briefest review I provide if you ask about Raanjhanaa (Ambikapathy in Tamil). The frontiers of different cine'woods' in India are melting down and this movie is a result of that. Raanjhanaa is obviously a Dhanush movie. Because of his soulful performance, Kundan lives on the silver-screen and in the hearts of a million moviegoers.
Raanjhanaa is a romantic movie with some differences. It is special in its plot, setting, cast, music, cinematography and an invisibly visible emotional flow. For Dhanush, the character is not at all challenging. Because he has embodied the same in many of his previous Tamil works. And of course, for Sonam too the character is somewhat similar to the one she played in Mausam. All the other co-actors, including Abhay Deol, have enacted their respective roles perfectly.
A. R Rahman's soothing music flows through the entire movie like the holy river. Since Raanjhanaa is not a repeatedly repeated stuff, the director has a point in making this love story. The script is convincing to a great extend. But the politics thing is just half-baked. The climax part makes it stand out of the hereditary box of Indian filmy romance.
Raanjhanaa is a tragedy in the usual sense. But you will never get disappointed. It gives hope. It sings about 'a love'. A love which has more than one shade. And we could feel it...
Raanjhanaa is a multilingual hit for the thin, average-looking, extraordinary Star from South and a must watch in this monsoon. Love showers...


text:
La  de Liège-Bastogne-Liège a eu lieu le  et a été remportée par le Belge Eddy Merckx. C'est la troisième victoire de Merckx sur la Doyenne et la deuxième de rang. La particularité de cette édition est son arrivée à Verviers au lieu de Liège.

Déroulement de la course
Cette édition voit un grand numéro d'Eddy Merckx. Le Belge, revêtu du maillot arc-en-ciel, laisse ses adversaires sur place lors de l'ascension de la côte de Stockeu et se lance dans une échappée solitaire d'une cinquantaine de kilomètres. N'étant pourtant pas au mieux de sa forme, Merckx n'est assuré de sa victoire qu'après la côte d'Annette et Lubin à Spa. Il regagne Verviers avec une avance de 2 minutes et 40 secondes sur le Néerlandais Wim Schepers.

Sur 129 coureurs au départ, 42 terminent la course.

Classement

Liens externes
 Site officiel de la course
 Classement complet

Voir aussi
 Flèche wallonne 1972

1972
Cyclisme en Belgique en 1972
Cyclisme sur route en 1972
Sport en avril 1972

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Law Of Detachment is one of the most fundamental laws of success. For you to achieve what you want, you need to detach from it. This means having your emphasis elsewhere and being unattached to the outcome. This allows the forces of the subconscious mind to get to work.
Without this, attachment drains your energy. We explore this in this article.
The more you practise detachment, the greater will be your degree of success in life. Detachment is a very specific mental state which can only be accessed fully through practical application. By practically applying the principles of success, you can achieve full detachment more and more over time. This is coupled with feeling good. When you are feeling good and are detached from any outcome, you will manifest all your dreams. This is the perfect state to be in. You let the forces of nature manifest through you, via your mental state.
Within uncertainty lies the broadest and widest range of possibilities. In fact, it is the pure potential state. To embrace uncertainty means to live your life unattached to anything and expecting nothing, such that life unfolds from the pure potential state all the time. The pure potential state gives you your most favorable manifestation outcomes all the time. It is what allows the manifestations of desire to come about. To embrace uncertainty is to live in the moment, and be unattached to anything. Live fully in the now. Put your home here and never genuinely expect anything. Simply do your day to day things for the sake of doing them.
What you will find is that your ability to access this state will increase dramatically as time goes on. Training and practise makes perfect, and makes it a default state for you.
By being unattached, you must still put your state somewhere. You will seem to find that something "inside" is still in a state of void and emptiness. This is where you put in faith. Faith is the healer of the mind and gives it the traction to perform its true miracles. It allows the thoughts to expand without your conscious intervention. It allows you to put your trust in the laws of the universe and the laws which bind the mind. It is this faith, trust, detachment and uncertainty which is the most wise of all states to possess. It is yours for the taking and will reveal its miracles through application.
A tense body is an attached body. To be detached fully, you must ensure that the body is relaxed. This also makes the energies of the body flow more freely. You will feel better and have less obsessive thoughts and feelings. Making a relaxed state your habit will always have you operating efficiently. Start doing this now to build this habit into your life.
Never let the mind run lose with thoughts and let it take over you. You should always be training and calming the mind at all times. This means consistently living in the moment, and putting the mind back on track whenever it decides to waver, as in when it decides to think of other things apart from what you are doing. By always putting the mind back on track, you will learn to discipline the mind and make it your slave. It will then be able to do the things you want it do. For example, to be fully detached, to embrace uncertainty, to increase in faith and so on.
In conclusion, detachment is fundamental to success in anything. To gain detachment, you must look over these principles again and again. You must bring them into your life and make it a habit. It's only through the habits which you form, which allows you to make real, genuine and permanent changes in your life. Begin to make a habit of this knowledge, starting today.


is working with that as well.
Or maybe i'm doing something wrong ?
=> SHA256 Checksum OK for gcc-4.10-20140803.tar.bz2.
=> Patch patch-Makefile.in failed to apply cleanly.
Small change which simplifies the patch and avoids the patch-Makefile.
devel/avr-gcc a little more conservative at GCC 4.8.3.
Upgrade to a recent GCC version (4.8.3).
Drop most of our local hacks.
Add an avr-gcc-devel port for the most recent GCC feature set.
updated devel/avr-gcc to GCC 4.8.3.


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Home » Product Reviews » Apple's mixed-reality headset could be delayed yet again
Apple's mixed-reality headset could be delayed yet again
Posted on January 14, 2022 Author Alex Blake	Comments Off on Apple's mixed-reality headset could be delayed yet again	8 Views
Apple's rumored mixed-reality (MR) headset has seen some interesting developments in recent days, from details about its powerful chip setup to the likelihood it will use three immersive displays. But today, there's some bad news: We might have quite a wait to actually buy one.
According to Bloomberg reporter Mark Gurman, Apple is considering pushing back the headset's launch by a few months due to numerous ongoing issues. That could delay its announcement until late 2022 or beyond, with the headset potentially not actually launching until 2023. It's just the latest in a litany of problems and holdups to have afflicted the device.
Apple's first VR/AR headset risks being delayed until 2023 and a planned unveiling at WWDC 2022 could be pushed back after development snags related to overheating, cameras and software. Company is still building support into iOS 16 and many more details: https://t.co/CF5qyluzLE
— Mark Gurman (@markgurman) January 14, 2022
There are numerous reasons for the setback, says Gurman. One is related to the device overheating, which is perhaps unsurprising considering it is rumored to use a dual-chip setup that rivals the MacBook Pro in terms of power. All that juice so close to a user's head has to be carefully managed to avoid discomfort, and apparently Apple isn't quite there yet.
That's not the only problem Apple has encountered, according to Gurman. The company is also struggling with unspecified problems relating to the headset's cameras and software (code-named rOS, with the "r" probably short for "reality"). Numerous developers on the project have also reportedly been lured away by Meta, which is allegedly working on its own MR headset for a future release.
A preview at WWDC 2022?
Gurman states that Apple had intended to announce its headset at this year's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), with a release date planned for later in the year. That now looks to be in doubt, with Apple apparently informing its suppliers that the device would not be ready until 2023.
Instead, Apple could make its headset the focus of its 2023 WWDC show instead of this year's event. Whenever it ends up happening, the idea is to get developers used to the rOS ecosystem and creating apps for the mixed-reality headset. There will also be an App Store for the headset, Gurman says, which developers will need to prepare for. And Gurman claims Apple is building support for the headset into iOS 16, which will be previewed at this year's WWDC in June 2022.
That means there's a chance Apple could tease some aspects of its headset — perhaps what apps will be able to do on rOS, for example — without fully unveiling the device. That seems plausible if a late 2022 release date is still in the cards. But if Apple has to wait until 2023, Apple CEO Tim Cook and company might not want to wait so long between revealing the headset's capabilities and putting the device on sale, lest it give ideas to Apple's rivals.
Whatever happens, Apple's headset could be one of its most important new devices since the Apple Watch. Let's just hope we don't have to wait too long to see it.
Another Motorola Edge 20 'Fusion' tier revealed in latest leak
In an exclusive report from Deal N Tech, it's been discovered there will be a total of four Motorola Edge 20 variants. The report reveals leaked banner graphics containing the official marketing names of the Edge 20 lineup. In addition to the previously leaked Edge 20 lineup, which included three variants: the Edge 20 Lite, Read more
JBL Tour One review: Noise-canceling cans for frequent callers
Posted on August 17, 2021 Author Simon Cohen
How much are AirPods? A full pricing breakdown for each model
Posted on June 15, 2021 Author Josh Levenson
There are three models in Apple's oft-raved-about AirPods range: The base AirPods with Charging Case or Wireless Charging Case (the current version, which debuted in March 2019); the AirPods Pro, introduced in October 2019, which come with a Wireless Charging Case; and the first over-ear AirPods, the AirPods Max, which were introduced in December and Read more
Android 13 to offer multiple Material You dynamic theming styles
Why DMARC Is An Essential Protocol To Stop Phishing
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Wifi Access is available to ShadeCharger equipped sites. Data access can be entirely autonomous, or enabled from the host internet service.
Users can access the internet for browsing and email services. This is an optional addition to the Power Module, and includes options for free service or pay-per-use according to host preferences. Unlimited data plans are available--monthly fees apply.


Apple's announcement is an easy P.R. win for the company. But it's also a perfect litmus test for messaging in the 2018 midterms.
"Our fate is tied directly to this simple sentence: 'Do middle-class voters think the tax bill helps them or not?'" a Republican strategist recently told the Hive's David Drucker, adding, "That's the most important factor for the midterm—period. End of story." In the lead-up to the midterm elections, the Republican-led Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is the White House's single legislative accomplishment—now, the G.O.P. must convince the American people that it works overwhelmingly in their favor, even as Democrats attempt to frame it as a handout to the 1 percent. Almost immediately after the bill was passed, a handful of companies gave Republicans a leg up on messaging when they announced that they'd dole out raises and bonuses. But on Wednesday, Apple upped the ante, presenting the perfect litmus test to measure which side's message will win out.
The $900 billion tech giant announced a series of plans that were greeted with much fanfare by the White House: it will open a new campus (location undisclosed), hire 20,000 new employees over the next five years, and make a "direct contribution" of more than $350 billion to the U.S. economy in the same time frame by buying materials and making investments in American companies. Apple will also spend $55 billion in 2018 on its 9,000 domestic manufacturers and suppliers and is reportedly planning to give $2,500 bonuses to most of its lower-level employees.
That brings us to the separate question of whether this spending has anything at all to do with Trump's tax bill. The answer is almost surely not. Apple has long paid an extremely low tax rate, and it is only really bringing its overseas profits "home" on paper. In reality, the company has always been able to access that money by borrowing against it at dirt-cheap rates, which it's previously done to fund dividends and buybacks for its investors. The specific investments Apple announced today, such as the more than $10 billion it plans to spend on new data centers to support its growing cloud-based businesses like Apple Music, are things it likely would have needed to do [no] matter what happened in Washington.
What's more, the $38 billion in taxes Apple will pay to repatriate its holdings, and its promises to employees—bonuses, a new campus—is just a drop in the bucket for a company nearing a trillion-dollar market capitalization.
Though the company's move seems generous at first glance, in reality it serves Apple's self-interest; Tim Cook can reap the benefits of the new legislation while garnering goodwill with the Trump White House, of which he has run afoul in the past. (In 2016, before the election, Trump called for a boycott of Apple after it refused to unlock an iPhone belonging to the San Bernardino gunman.) Nor is this the first P.R. win Cook has ostensibly engineered on Trump's behalf—last year, when restoring manufacturing jobs was a hot-button issue, Cook announced the creation of a $1 billion fund, which he said would promote such jobs in the United States. But this time, depending on which side's message triumphs, Apple's quiet pandering could carry concrete electoral consequences.


The first Italian aircraft to be deployed in Afghanistan has been a Bell UH-1N Twin Huey helicopter in a version built under license by Agusta and designated AB-212. Both the Aeronautica Militare (Italian Air Force) and the Marina Militare (Italian Navy) have been called to support ISAF (International Security and Assistance Force) multinational force with the AB.212, that can fulfil a wide variety of tasks, from MEDEVAC, to reconnaissance, to personnel transportation, to special forces ops.
The 21° Gruppo of the Italian Air Force has conducted several Tour of Duty in Afghanistan. Since 2005, it is equipped with the AB.212ICO (Implementazione Capacità Operative – Operational Campabilities Implementation) a retrofitted version of the previous AMI-SAR model that was upgraded in anticipation to the deployment to Kabul and surrounding areas, where the high-altitude environment is not suitable with the other CSAR helicopter in ItAF inventory, the old fashioned HH-3F that suffered a tragic incident in 2008. The AB.212ICO is equipped with two manually activated Flares dispensers for self-protection and can carry two MG 42/59 caliber 7.62 mm NATO machine guns on both sides of the fuselage. It wears an armored cockpit and fuselage to protect the 2 pilots and 2 gunners from small arms; noteworthy, the rudder area, vulnerable to bullets shot from the ground because of the observation windows, has been shielded with 3 inches of kevlar.
The new outfit has cost the aircraft half of its original endurance, currently limited to 1 hour and 40 minutes, and the increased weight, in Afghanistan, at an average height of 7.000 feet AMSL (Above Mean Sea Level), with ground temperature often above 40° Celsius, makes the AB.212 unable to recover a survivor from the ground with the hoist.
To board people, the Twin Huey has to land. A minor problem as the following pictures taken by Capt. Giacomo Andreotti at 9,100 feet, on top a mountain in central Italy, during a routine mission of the 21° Gruppo a proud member of the NATO Tiger Association, based at Grazzanise.
High-altitude can be tricky for rotary wings: first, because of the loss of engine power; second for the loss of rotor lift caused by the thin air. That's why helicopters suitable for high altitudes need plenty of excess power that can be spent to overcome the reduced lift and engine performance.
The AB.212 will be employed until 2014-2015 when it is expected to be replaced with a CSAR version of the AW-101.
Airman dies after falling from an Italian Air Force helicopter involved in training activity.
These interesting close-up pictures were taken by Giovanni Madulli during a flight we made on board a 82° CSAR HH-3F from Trapani. They provide an interesting point of view.


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Founder Feature: Glen Morgan, CEO & Co-founder of isettled
Terry Storrar, Managing Director at Leaseweb UK discusses hybrid cloud, and how it could be a viable solution for organisations chasing flexible, efficient business processes
This year has been a year that has truly shown us that we can never be too certain of what the future holds. That said, businesses have always faced navigating peaks and troughs, highs and lows, famine and feast. One common denominator between all of these obstacles and pathways is the need for businesses to adapt in order to take them in their stride. Organisations must face up to changes both planned and unplanned, in order to maximise or minimise the impact that these opportunities or threats pose.
As national lockdowns took hold this year, remote working was an operation largely forced upon companies. This only further proves that, even in 'normal' times, agility is absolutely key, let alone during a crisis. It is vital for businesses to construct a plan that allows them to successfully adapt to change.
Utilising hybrid cloud models can ensure businesses offer the best user experience for both today and tomorrow. Indeed, its future effectiveness has already been cited by Forbes, which identified it as one of the top 10 digital transformation trends for 2021. With the correct architecture and design, organisations should be able to achieve optimised user experience without overriding all efforts up to now, or spending time and resources on infrastructure they may never use.
A large number of businesses are already reaping the benefits of hybrid cloud, but for those still 'umming and ahhing' about making it the basis for IT infrastructure, here are a few of its more noteworthy advantages.
Stretching up and out easily and efficiently
It may be challenging for startups or small businesses to optimally scale their IT infrastructure due to its traditionally hefty cost. But hybrid cloud environments allow organisations to scale in order to accommodate specific workloads. As a result, they are able to implement automation rules in the cloud that ensure the ability to scale resources up and down, as dictated by business demand. Being able to have this choice has proven extremely valuable throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly with workforces continually switching between office- and home-working. Having this level of adaptability ensures an optimised environment that performs efficiently to take advantage of unlimited resources based on demand-driven usage.
Stay up with no downtime
At the onset of the pandemic, it soon became clear that, in the interest of succeeding and making a profit, businesses had to ensure they continue running as usual, at all times. This meant making data continually accessible, even during times of peak demand – which has more to it than simply backing up and replacing content on a cloud platform.
Read more: Hybrid clouds: how mixing services is keeping the cloud alive
This is one reason why a hybrid cloud solution is frequently considered the key component in business continuity solutions. Hybrid clouds ensure critical data is replicated to a cloud in a different location, thus providing data insurance in the event of any natural or technological disaster.
Landing in new markets in record time
The desire to easily expand into new regions is one principal reason for an organisation to choose to move to the cloud – and hybrid cloud platforms provide the agility needed to quickly enter new markets at an affordable cost.
As on-demand self-service greatly reduces the cost of investment, companies of varying sizes are able to get a jump on global initiatives. Cloud resources can be automated and spun up swiftly to grow when needed without wasting any unnecessary resources. Thanks to the reductions in time and low costs of entry provided by hybrid cloud solutions, companies of all sizes can increase their competitive advantages.
Strengthened security
Security has been front-of-mind for many businesses due to the pandemic, the resulting lockdowns, and dispersed workforces. Although security fears are decreasing as cloud usage grows, threats to security this year (exemplified in a shocking number of ransomware attacks – a total of 199.7 million ransomware attacks reported in the third quarter of 2020) must mean that taking the correct security measures remains a top priority and an ongoing challenge for any organisation to manage properly.
Integrating a private cloud solution within a hybrid cloud model ensures greater control over the design and architecture of the system, while providing a more optimal level of data security in comparison to public cloud solutions.
A competitive advantage
Hybrid cloud solutions offer far more opportunities than any other type of infrastructure when it comes to innovative technologies; they provide the benefit of customer satisfaction due to more customised infrastructure. And in light of the pandemic and the accelerated digital transformation it provoked, there are very few companies yet to adopt some type of cloud solution: indeed, according to Centrify, 51% of UK business leaders say their shift to a cloud computing-based business model has saved their company from collapse during the pandemic.
Turning to the crystal ball
It's obvious that cloud adoption shows no signs of slowing: it is truer now than ever before that organisations that don't at least begin to take small steps towards investing in it will undoubtedly be left behind. Having said that, it is still important to remember that technology should work for a business, not against it.
Hybrid cloud infrastructure's flexibility and scalability do exactly this: it provides businesses with the capability to readjust to change dynamically and alongside changing environments and circumstances.
With 2021 – and the final stages of the Brexit negotiations – around the corner, another time of change and adaptation is on the horizon. For many organisations looking for flexible, efficient business processes, hybrid cloud may just be what they need.
Terry Storrar
Terry Storrar, Managing Director at Leaseweb UK, has over 20 years of expertise across a range of specialised services, including managed services, cloud, hosting, implementation and architecture.
Paige Erickson • 07th January 2021
As we enter a new phase of the return to work, it's time for businesses to embrace a modern way of working.
Matthew Hughes • 04th January 2021
In our latest Founder Feature, we'll be talking with the Co-founder and Managing Director of Vimcar, Andreas Schneider.
Terry Storrar • 30th December 2020
Is hybrid cloud the solution for businesses looking for flexible, efficient business processes?
Rapid digital transformation brought on by the pandemic has introduced long-term changes to the modern workplace.
In our latest Founder Feature, we're talking to Glen Morgan, CEO & co-founder of isettled.
Founder Feature: Sophie Bolzer, CEO and Founder of Audvice
In our latest Founder Feature, we talk to Sophie Bolzer, CEO and founder of Audvice
Founder Feature: Alex Hughes, CEO & Co-Founder of Binumi Pro
In this week's Founder Feature, we're talking to Alex Hughes, CEO & co-founder of Binumi Pro.
Calligo completes third Irish MSP acquisition of 2020
Matthew Hughes • 26th November 2020
Calligo solidifies its position as a leader in IT Managed Services in Ireland following its third Irish MSP acquisition in 2020


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Congratulations, Class of 2020!
The 2020 Commencement ceremony scheduled for Friday, May 15, has been POSTPONED.
Please check back periodically for Commencement updates.
Congratulations Class of 2020 Honors, Prizes, and Awards Class of 2020 Graduates #BrooklynLaw2020 Commencement Speaker
The Brooklyn Law School Community Congratulates the Class of 2020
Honors, Prizes, and Awards
Through a variety of academic prizes, college honors, departmental honors, and awards, Brooklyn Law School recognizes and celebrates our students' achievements.
2020 Prizes
May 2020 Graduates
Share Your #BrooklynLaw2020 Celebration!
Instagram Graduation Cap (GIF)
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Clint Carlisle '20
Please share your own celebrations: post photos of your Commencement Celebration at Home to Facebook and/or Instagram with the hashtag #BrooklynLaw2020.
Download the Instagram sticker and post your picture! Don't forget to tag @BrooklynLawSchool and use hashtag #BrooklynLaw2020.
For iOS (Apple) users:
Download the "BLS-gradcap-2020" instagram sticker (.gif or .png).
Tap and hold photo to copy/save to your photos.
Take a photo of yourself.
Open the Instagram story option within the Instagram app.
Select the photo of yourself to use.
Then tap photo to get a blue cursor.
When the keyboard pops up, tap the cursor.
The paste option will appear.
Click on it and the sticker appears.
You can resize and rotate the sticker using 2 fingers.
You can then either send the image to stories or save to your photos.
Don't forget to tag @BrooklynLawSchool and use hashtag #BrooklynLaw2020 before sharing your story.
For Android users:
Select the pencil icon to open your image editor to edit your photo.
Click the peeling smiley face icon.
Select your gallery to find the downloaded sticker.
Commencement Speaker: Preet Bharara
Former U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York and host of the Stay Tuned with Preet podcast
Preet Bharara, former U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York and host of the Stay Tuned with Preet podcast
Preet Bharara served as U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 2009 to 2017. Bharara oversaw the investigation and litigation of all criminal and civil cases and supervised an office of over 200 Assistant U.S. Attorneys, who handled cases involving terrorism, narcotics and arms trafficking, financial and healthcare fraud, cybercrime, public corruption, gang violence, organized crime, and civil rights violations. The New York Times dubbed Bharara one of "the nation's most aggressive and outspoken prosecutors." In 2017, Bharara joined the NYU School of Law faculty as a Distinguished Scholar in Residence. He is the Executive Vice President of Some Spider Studios and the host of CAFE's Stay Tuned with Preet, a podcast focused on issues of justice and fairness. Bharara graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College and from Columbia Law School, where he was a member of the law review. He is the author of a top-five New York Times bestselling book, "Doing Justice: A Prosecutor's Thoughts on Crime, Punishment, and the Rule of Law."


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Category Archives: Earth News
How to Escape Reality in 10 Simple Steps
Both climate science denying scientists and regular scientists are sensitive to bias, everyone is. Because of this, scientific protocol has scrutiny built-in and it's called peer-review. It isn't bullet-proof, but scientists publishing peer reviewed work do have more bias checks in place than consultants who use their own blog posts as references, like Curry. From the 32 references in Curry's testimony, twelve are her own texts, two of which were published on the website of the Global Warming Policy Foundation, a UK based think tank which aims to challenge the policies envisaged by governments to mitigate anthropogenic global warming. Cognitive bias does not make the majority of climate science research untrue, it does explain in part why people are still openly questioning the reality of anthropogenic global warming, we don't want it to be true. Facts don't move people, stories do, and stories of uncertainty work like a powerful anesthetic, paralyzing both the public as well as policy makers. There are several coping mechanisms that kick in when facing the overwhelming threat of global warming (Hamilton, 2010). One of them is distancing. When faced with a threat of such unfathomable proportions as global warming, people distance themselves from it. There is plenty of time to fix the problem. Optimism bias gives people the idea that bad things are less likely to happen to them. Self-serving bias leads to the interpretation of information that is most beneficial. Confirmation bias creates the tendency to interpret information in a way that confirms preconceptions. When presented with conflicting information, cognitive dissonance can lead to outright denial or dismissal of the facts. And that's just the tip of the iceberg…
#1: Cherry pick data, focusing on the unexplained or anomalous cases
#5: Aggressively disseminate the facts you've manufactured
#10: Play the anti-progress card
https://bleu255.com/~marloes/txts/How_to_Escape_Reality_in_10_Simple_Steps/
We Are Drowning In Plastic, and Fracking Companies Are Profiting
Plastic production wreaks havoc on people and the planet—from fracking wells and pipelines in Pennsylvania, to air pollution from plastic plants in Scotland.
We are choking the planet in plastic. Everything from wasteful water bottles to grocery shopping bags are polluting our waterways, and endangering marine life and the natural environment. It's fair to say that even the most casual news consumer has probably encountered a Facebook post, TV report, or radio segment about the garbage patches in the Pacific Ocean.
But what's less well-known is what is fueling this plastics binge: fracking. As the Guardian recently reported, in less than a decade, tens of billions of dollars have been invested in creating new manufacturing sites around the world to turn fossil fuels into resin pellets used to manufacture plastic products. The companies profiting off this surge in plastics are contributing to a growing climate crisis while generating mountains of plastic garbage.
http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/we-are-drowning-in-plastic-and-fracking-companies-are-profiting-20180214
CLIFFE, KENT – JANUARY 02: Plastics and other detritus line the shore of the Thames Estuary on January 2, 2018 in Cliffe, Kent. Tons of plastic and other waste lines areas along the Thames Estuary shoreline, an important feeding ground for wading birds and other marine wildlife. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), at current rates of pollution, there will likely be more plastic in the sea than fish by 2050. In December 2017 Britain joined the other 193 UN countries and signed up to a resolution to help eliminate marine litter and microplastics in the sea. It is estimated that about eight million metric tons of plastic find their way into the world's oceans every year. Once in the Ocean plastic can take hundreds of years to degrade, all the while breaking down into smaller and smaller 'microplastics,' which can be consumed by marine animals, and find their way into the human food chain. (Photo by Dan Kitwood/Getty Images)
Seabird poop warms the Earth, and cools it
Three new studies of how the world works show that seabird excrement plays an unexpected role, as do polar algae and rotting trees.
The world's seabirds don't just live off the land, they also nourish it: their excrement delivers 591,000 tons of nitrogen and 99,000 tons of phosphorus to feed plant communities in the soil and the water.
One polar plant community that happens to be flourishing is now to be found on the surface of Greenland's icecap: green things are growing so well they are darkening the surface, which then reflects less light and absorbs more warmth. This algal darkening could be responsible for at least 5%, and possibly 10%, of the island's total ice melt each summer.
And although the Arctic tundra wetlands are known to deliver between 16 and 27 million tons of methane to the atmosphere every year, they have unexpected competition in the natural greenhouse gas emission stakes.
A eureka moment for the planet: we're finally planting trees again
After centuries of bad stewardship, communities are at last starting to see the benefits of forests.
China plans to plant forests the size of Ireland. Latin American countries have pledged to restore 20m hectares of degraded forest and African countries more than 100m hectares. India is to plant 13m hectares, and on a single day last year 1.5 million people planted 66m trees in Madhya Pradesh alone.
Much of Europe is physically greener than it was just a few years ago. England is to plant 50m trees in a new coast-to-coast forest and newly planted saplings now cover tens of thousands of hectares of former farmland in Ireland, Norway and France. From Costa Rica to Nepal and Peru to Mongolia, tree planting has become a political, economic and ecological cause, and a universal symbol of restoration, regrowth and faith in the future. More than 120 countries promised in 2015 to plant and restore large areas of forest as a response to the climate crisis, and the UN has set a target to restore 350m hectares by 2030 – an area bigger than India.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/feb/13/worlds-lost-forests-returning-trees
What Does China's 'Ecological Civilization' Mean for Humanity's Future?
Imagine a newly elected president of the United States calling in his inaugural speech for an "ecological civilization" that ensures "harmony between human and nature." Now imagine he goes on to declare that "we, as human beings, must respect nature, follow its ways, and protect it" and that his administration will "encourage simple, moderate, green, and low-carbon ways of life, and oppose extravagance and excessive consumption." Dream on, you might say. Even in the more progressive Western European nations, it's hard to find a political leader who would make such a stand.
And yet, the leader of the world's second largest economy, Xi Jinping of China, made these statements and more in his address to the National Congress of the Communist Party in Beijing last October. He went on to specify in more detail his plans to "step up efforts to establish a legal and policy framework … that facilitates green, low-carbon, and circular development," to "promote afforestation," "strengthen wetland conservation and restoration" and "take tough steps to stop and punish all activities that damage the environment." Closing his theme with a flourish, he proclaimed that "what we are doing today" is "to build an ecological civilization that will benefit generations to come." Transcending parochial boundaries, he declared that his Party's abiding mission was to "make new and greater contributions to mankind … for both the well-being of the Chinese people and human progress."
https://www.ecowatch.com/china-ecological-civilization-2532760301.html
Whale and shark species at increasing risk from microplastic pollution – study
Large filter feeders, such as baleen whales and basking sharks, could be particularly at risk from ingesting the tiny plastic particles, say scientists.
Whales, some sharks and other marine species such as rays are increasingly at risk from microplastics in the oceans, a new study suggests.
Species such as baleen whales and basking sharks, which feed through filtering seawater for plankton, are ingesting the tiny particles of indigestible plastic which now appear to permeate oceans throughout the world. Some of these species have evolved to swallow hundreds or even thousands of cubic metres of seawater a day, but taking in microplastic can block their ability to absorb nutrients, and may have toxic side-effects.
The new study, published in the journal Trends in Ecology and Evolution, advises more research on the megafauna of the oceans, as the effects of microplastics on them is currently not well understood. Scientists have found, for instance through examining the bodies of beached whales, large pieces of plastic in the guts of such creatures, but the effect of microplastics, though less obvious, may be just as harmful.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/feb/05/whale-and-shark-species-at-increasing-risk-from-microplastic-pollution-study
Media Ignoring Puerto Rico's 'Shock Doctrine' Makeover
Nearly five months after Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico, more than a hundred thousand US citizens there still lack clean drinking water, and almost one-third of the island has no reliable electric power. As initial life-sustaining recovery efforts still grind toward completion, Puerto Rico's Gov. Ricardo Rosselló has wasted no time using his territory's recovery as an opportunity to push a number of policy proposals right out of the "disaster capitalism" playbook: from privatizing the island's power utility to converting nearly all of its public schools to charters.
And while the mainstream US press has been mainly focused on the Trump administration's woeful institutional response to the storm, it has barely noticed this much more radical political transformation of Puerto Rico, and the potentially disastrous long-term consequences for the citizens who live there.
Ever since Maria made landfall on September 20, the corporate press has been neglecting the island in its coverage. Despite ranking second behind 2005's Hurricane Katrina for property damage and lives lost, Maria has drawn markedly less media attention than the two major hurricanes that preceded it last summer. For example, according to a survey by the Tyndall Report, broadcast network evening news reports in 2017 devoted 30 percent less coverage to the aftermath of Maria than to Houston's recovery from Hurricane Harvey. Likewise, Maria drew 12 percent less evening news coverage than Hurricane Irma's devastation of Florida and the US Virgin Islands.
Will big business destroy our planet? By Peter Dauvergne
Big business says it's leading the world to a sustainable future. But a new book says that's a highly implausible claim.
Transnational corporations, or TNCs, or just plain big business, are everywhere. They have an overwhelming influence and impact on our lives – and on the planet.
They boast they are a force for good – and are helping in the fight against climate change. But Peter Dauvergne, professor of international relations at the University of British Columbia in Canada, begs to differ.
"The earth's climate is drifting into an ever-deeper crisis as the shadows of mass production, transportation and industrial agriculture continue to intensify", says Dauvergne.
Big business 'threatens planet's future'
No Children Because of Climate Change? Some People Are Considering It
Add this to the list of decisions affected by climate change: Should I have children?
It is not an easy time for people to feel hopeful, with the effects of globalwarming no longer theoretical, projections becoming more dire and governmental action lagging. And while few, if any, studies have examined how large a role climate change plays in people's childbearing decisions, it loomed large in interviews with more than a dozen people ages 18 to 43.
A 32-year-old who always thought she would have children can no longer justify it to herself. A Mormon has bucked the expectations of her religion by resolving to adopt rather than give birth. An Ohio woman had her first child after an unplanned pregnancy — and then had a second because she did not want her daughter to face an environmental collapse alone.
Trump administration could be sued over pesticide threat to orca and salmon
Fishing industry and environmentalists mull lawsuits
EPA tried to delay report detailing chemicals' harm to wildlife
Commercial fishermen and environmental groups could file lawsuits against the Trump administration, if it fails to follow a recommendation by one of its own agencies to protect salmon, sturgeon, orca and other endangered species in the Pacific north-west.
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) recently issued a long-awaited opinion on three organophosphate pesticides – chlorpyrifos, diazinon and malathion.
It did so after a long court fight. Environmental groups sought publication of the opinion while the Trump administration, supported by pesticide manufacturers, pushed for a two-year delay.
The 3,700-page federal report was issued on 29 December. The scientists warned that the widely used pesticides pose a threat, through run-off into rivers and oceans, to dozens of endangered and threatened species.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jan/21/trump-administration-lawsuit-pesticide-orca-salmon?utm_source=esp&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=GU+Today+USA+-+Collections+2017&utm_term=261334&subid=14675834&CMP=GT_US_collection


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2Form
5.1Citations
(Redirected from Table of Contents)
Ordered list of the parts of a written work
Find sources: "Table of contents" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A table of contents
A table of contents, usually headed simply Contents and abbreviated informally as TOC, is a list, usually found on a page before the start of a written work, of its chapter or section titles or brief descriptions with their commencing page numbers.
Pliny the Elder credits Quintus Valerius Soranus (d. 82 B.C.) as the first author to provide a table of contents to help readers navigate a lengthy work.[1] Pliny's own table of contents for his encyclopedic Historia naturalis ("Natural History") may be viewed online in Latin and in English (following dedication).
In the early medieval era, the innovation of table of contents had to be abandoned, due to the cost of paper. It would not be resumed until after the 12th century, where paper factories in Spain and Italy sprouted and allowed an increase in paper production throughout Europe.
Form[edit]
A table of contents usually includes the titles or descriptions of first-level headings (chapters in longer works), and often includes second-level headings (sections or A-heads) within the chapters as well, and occasionally even includes third-level headings (subsections or B-heads) within the sections as well. The depth of detail in tables of contents depends on the length of the work, with longer works having less. Formal reports (ten or more pages and being too long to put into a memo or letter) also have a table of contents. Within an English-language book, the table of contents usually appears after the title page, copyright notices, and, in technical journals, the abstract; and before any lists of tables or figures, the foreword, and the preface.
Printed tables of contents indicate page numbers where each part starts, while digital ones offer links to go to each part. The format and location of the page numbers is a matter of style for the publisher. If the page numbers appear after the heading text, they might be preceded by characters called leaders, usually dots or periods, that run from the chapter or section titles on the opposite side of the page, or the page numbers might remain closer to the titles. In some cases, the page number appears before the text.
If a book or document contains chapters, articles, or stories by different authors, their names usually appear in the table of contents.
Matter preceding the table of contents is generally not listed there. However, all pages except the outside cover are counted, and the table of contents is often numbered with a lowercase Roman numeral page number. Many popular word processors, such as Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, and StarWriter are capable of automatically generating a table of contents if the author of the text uses specific styles for chapters, sections, subsections, etc.
Example with leaders:
Chapter 1: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Next Steps  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Example without leaders:
Chapter 1: Getting Started   1
Introduction   2
Next Steps   3
Example with authors:
1. Introduction to Biology  Arthur C. Smith   1
2. Microbiology  Susan Jones   10
3. Advances in Biotechnology  T.C. Chang   24
Example with descriptive text:
Chapter 1                                           3
In which we first meet our hero and heroine, attend
a gala feast, and begin an unexpected journey.
Chapter 2                                          12
The journey takes an unusual turn, and new villains
are discovered.
Index (publishing)
Citations[edit]
^ Pliny the Elder, preface 33, Historia naturalis; John Henderson, "Knowing Someone Through Their Books: Pliny on Uncle Pliny (Epistles 3.5)," Classical Philology 97 (2002), p. 275.
The Chicago Manual of Style (15th Edition)
Gerald J. Alred; Charles T. Brusaw; Walter E. Oliu (2003). Handbook of Technical Writing. ISBN 0-312-30923-6.
Page layout and typography
Marginal note
Canons of page construction
Historiated
Recto and verso
Rubrication
Front and back covers
Anthropodermic bibliopegy
Picture cover
Treasure binding
Endpapers
Half-title
bastard title
Edition notice
Imprimi potest
Nihil obstat
Imprimatur
Printer's mark
Body matter
Tipped-in pages
Addendum/Appendix
Postface
Other elements
Book curse
Bookplate
ex-librīs
Book rhyme
Extra-illustration
Intentionally blank page
Thumb index
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Table_of_contents&oldid=1135256238"
Technical communication
Articles containing Latin-language text