You can now buy St Agnes embroidered school sweatshirts via the Tesco website. Please click here to go directly to the St Agnes page. As a reward, Tesco will donate 5% of sales to the school on all products bought via this website.


A charitable planned gift is the result of careful and thoughtful structuring of one's estate to benefit one or more charitable organizations. Such a gift is commonly asset-based rather than from current income and often involves a planning process utilizing the services of legal and financial professionals (i.e., estate and tax-planning attorneys, accountants and investment advisors). A planned gift can be given in many ways, including cash, charitable trusts, life insurance, retirement plans, bequests, appreciated property, charitable gift annuities and donor advised funds.
If you are interested in making a planned gift to benefit United Way Alliance and becoming a member of the Legacy Society, please contact us at 304-580-0570 or via email.


This past Thursday, the Indian Space Research Organization performed a crucial pad-abort test on their crew capsule spacecraft, a successful crewed launch of which would make India only the fourth country ever to independently launch a human into space, after the (late) Soviet Union, United States, and China.
The test was designed to simulate an abort procedure that would require the crew capsule to be launched to safety in the event of something going very wrong with the launch vehicle. These sorts of systems have been in place on nearly all crewed spacecraft, with a few exceptions—NASA's Space Shuttles didn't use such a system, due to its size, and U.S. Gemini and USSR Vostok capsules used ejector seats.
The system of four atmospheric guidance "grids" on the sides of the aerodynamic fairing over the capsule is quite similar to what the Soviet/Russian Soyuz spacecraft uses. Essentially, the ISRO system works pretty much like everyone's does: a "tower" containing solid rocket boosters launches the capsule off and away from the rocket, and then the capsule uses its parachutes to perform a safe landing.
The best look we've gotten of the Indian crew capsule was from 2014, when ISRO launched a prototype capsule into a ballistic re-entry to test their heat shielding materials and systems. The capsule appears to be larger than a Soyuz or Shenzou return capsule, and a bit smaller than an Apollo capsule.
The spacecraft design seems to be a two-module solution, like an Apollo capsule, as opposed to a three-module solution like a Soyuz or China's Shenzou, which includes an orbital module in addition to a return module and a service module.
Also more like Apollo than Soyuz is India's plan to have their capsule splash down in water when returning to Earth, as opposed to landing on, well, land, like Soyuz and Shenzou.
Plans and drawings suggest that the capsule will be capable of launching three crew, but a first launch is likely to have only two at the most.
The abort test appears to have been successful, and the capsule design appears to be very advanced in development. The service/propulsion module has yet to be tested, and the planned launch vehicle for manned Indian Space Flights, a version of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III with indiginously-designed cryogenic engines, is still undergoing the process to become human-rated.
I'm pretty confident India will become the fourth country to launch a human into space in the near future. Their program, while not widely known in the West or widely publicized in general, is nevertheless competent and appears to be quite reasonable in its goals and expectations, and is using very proven design concepts.


Welcome to our site. During your visit you will learn the skills, traits and characteristics which make an individual a great world leader. The theme of our site is Women's Winning Ways of Leadership. This is a very important theme to our team, as we are from an all-girls' school. We would like to acknowledge the fact that women can be just as good as male leaders. Throughout time leaders have usually been portrayed as males it is only recently that women are beginning to gain recognition for their skills in Leadership. On our website there are heaps of interesting and fun activities for visitors to do, from games to quizzes, finding out about the past, present and future of women in leadership. There are discussion forums and polls, which allow people to express their opinions. From our site individuals can learn how to be a stronger leader and also gain awareness of their leadership potential, whatever their age.
This site is © 2002-2003-2004 the Leadership Traits Project Team of Ogilvie High School, Tasmania, Australia.
You are welcome to e-mail the team or the Principal of our school to offer suggestions or feedback on this educational website, which has been made by students for students.
The URL of this page is http://www.oocities.com/leaders4tomorrow/index.htm .


A slim fit cut close to carrots makes the Roma trousers very comfortable and there is no problem with wearing motorcycle boots on them. Highly contrasting rips give them a great, stylish look.
Protection against abrasion is provided by Kevlar on the buttocks, hips, knees and thighs. SAFE-TECH® protectors with CE certificate protect the knees in case of a fall. It is possible to buy optional SAS-TEC® hip protectors that will provide an even higher level of protection.
When riding a motorcycle, the legs won't be too short, and that's because they have been specially made longer. You can stay at work in these trousers because they don't have seams on the knees, and all of them are barely visible, which makes that there is no difference between these trousers and ordinary, casual jeans.


text:
ONE Lowell plans annual world soccer tournament
PUBLISHED: July 10, 2009 at 12:00 a.m. | UPDATED: July 13, 2019 at 12:00 a.m.
LOWELL — Hundreds of soccer players representing 16 countries will come to Cawley Stadium on Aug. 1-2 to face off in the third annual ONE Lowell World Cup tournament.
The event aims to bring together local immigrant and refugee communities with longtime soccer lovers in order to foster better relations among people from different backgrounds and raise money to help at-risk students succeed in school.
Teams from Brazil, Portugal, Cambodia, the United States, Ireland, Vietnam, Germany, Uganda, Ghana, Somalia, Liberia/Nigeria, Kenya, Jamaica, Honduras, Colombia and England will compete for the championship, which offers $500, winners' medals and a replica of the FIFA World Cup trophy. To participate, 80 percent of a team's players must have lived in or have parents from the country the team represents.
"This tournament gives people of diverse backgrounds an opportunity to come together and enjoy soccer, which is a common passion for all of them," said Victoria Fahlberg, director of ONE Lowell. "This event has been a huge success the last two years and has achieved the goals of forging bonds between communities and raising money for the children and immigrants of Lowell. We're expecting a record turnout."
ONE Lowell is a nonprofit dedicated to increasing the integration and self-sufficiency of Lowell's many immigrant newcomers. Proceeds from the tournament go to help promote academic success among immigrant and refugee youth.
In addition to soccer games, this year's event features a penalty-kick contest for youths ages 9-14, along with a multicultural festival featuring ethnic food and craft stands.
Second World Productions, who produces Lowell's annual Culture Fest, will provide live entertainment from 2-7 p.m. on Sunday. Musicians, dancers and others will provide entertainment.
Tickets for the event will cost $5 per day and children ages 12 and under are free.
For more information, go to http://www.onelowellsoccercup.org.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1983-01-13 Assigned to EDELSON TRUST, BOURKE, ELEANOR F., EDELSON, RICHARD L., BOURKE, FREDERIC A. JR. reassignment EDELSON TRUST ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. SUBJECT TO TERMS AND CONDITIONS RECITED. Assignors: LEUKOCYTE RESEARCH, INC.
A method and system are disclosed for externally treating human blood, with the objective of reducing the functioning lymphocyte population in the blood system of a human subject. According to the method, blood is withdrawn from the subject and passed through an ultraviolet radiation field in the presence of from about 1 nanogram to 100 micrograms per ml of blood, of a dissolved photoactive agent capable of forming photo-adducts with lymphocytic-DNA, mobile cortisone receptors or antigen sites to thereby effect covalent bonding between the photoactive agent and the same, thereby inhibiting the metabolic processes of the lymphocytes or complexing them; and thereupon returning the irradiated blood to the subject. The withdrawn blood may be formed into an extracorporeal stream and flowed through a treatment station whereat the irradiation is effected, as for example by exposure to UV radiation; and such flow process may be conducted on a continuous basis. If desired, at least portions of the treated blood may then be separated, as for example by a continuous centrifuge, before returning the remaining diverted blood to the subject.
This application is a continuation-in-part of my prior application Ser. No. 102,553, filed Dec. 11, 1979, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,321,919 and of my continuation-in-part to that application, Ser. No. 272,981, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,398,906, entitled METHOD FOR EXTERNALLY TREATING THE BLOOD, filed June 12, 1981.
The method of this invention has particular applicability in a number of highly significant diseases, including certain forms of leukemia, where the population of certain types of leucocytes, including especially lymphocytes, increases inordinately in comparison to the other populations of nucleated cells in normal blood. While the excessive population of such lymphocytes represents a result of, rather than the underlying cause of the disese, the excessive lymphocyte population brings direct adverse effects to the patient if steps are not taken to reduce same. Complications thus rapidly develop which impair the functioning of bodily organs, and eventually a life-threatening situation is presented.
It should also be appreciated that excessive increase in the lymphocyte population of the blood supply can occur in other human maladies, in addition to lymphocytic leukemias. Thus, for example, such results can obtain in consequence of severe allergic reactions to administered agents, including drugs or the like, or in many other lymphocyte-mediated diseases.
In addition to the development over the years of pharmaceutical agents and the like, which may nonspecifically reduce the lymphocyte population, e.g., by altering the underlying production rate of same, various techniques have from time to time been used in an effort to directly attack the problem, as for example by mechanically removing such lymphocytes from the blood supply. It is thus known, for example, to pass the blood supply through a continuous centrifuge, whereat one seeks to selectively remove lymphocytes to reduce the population of the latter in the thereby processed blood supply. In general, however, this method tends to be very inefficient, in part because the density differences between the blood fractions including the undesired lymphocytes and fractions which include desired blood components, is insufficient to assure that high percentages of the former are removed while retaining high proportions of the latter.
It is also well-known to treat diseases such as leukemia with high energy electromagnetic radiation, including in the X-ray region. While such treatment is often directed at internal bodily organis in which the blood cells are being generated, it has also been known to irradiate the blood supply with X-radiation at a point external to the body (the blood having first been withdrawn), whereby the radiation is not rendered directly incident on the body or internal organs of same. This method, while powerful, is indiscrimate, in that the intensely disruptive energy, in addition to destroying undesirable cells, disables or destroys components of the blood which are desired to be retained in vital status.
Among the pharmaceutical agents used to treat the excessive lymphocyte population resulting from leukemia are agents which are active against the lymphocyte itself. Cortisone is one such agent, its effectiveness, however, is limited as it does not completely suppress the aberrant metabolic activity of the malignant lymphocyte. The mechanism by which cortisone acts on lymphocyte cells is not fully understood, it is believed, however, to initially bind specifically to the cortisone receptors in the lymphocyte and to be carried by these mobile receptors to the cell's nucleus wherein it acts to alter the metabolic activity of the cell.
Certain other chemical agents are known or are believed to weakly bind to the nucleic acids of certain nucleated cells where they intercalate by forming molecular complexes involving low energy chemical interactions or intermolecular attractions, which generally are transient and insufficient to significantly affect the rate of DNA synthesis in the cell. The "psoralens" which are described in my earlier filed application, Ser. No. 102,553, of which this application is a continuation-in-part, are such chemicals.
Certain ligating proteins, known as antibodies, are also active against lymphocytes. The interaction of an antibody with a particular lymphocyte requires that the lymphocyte have a site or antigen which is geometrically and chemically receptive to a corresponding active site on the antibody. The forces which bind an antibody to an antigen consist of attractive forces including hydrogen bonding, apolar bonding, ionic interactions and Van der Waals interactions, the strength of which are inversely proportional to the distance between the interacting groups. Accordingly any structural variations in the lymphocyte membrane which serve to alter the geometry of the antigen can serve to prevent the binding of an antibody to the antigen. Further, once an antibody binds to an antigen on a cell, the cell may undergo "antigenic modulation" or altered cellular differentiation and thereby break the antibodies' bond on it and destroy the antibodies' affinity towards it. Where a lymphocyte's membrane has a structure which blocks the antibody from its antigenic site, the antibody while still attracted to the antigen will be unable to form any linkage of a permanent nature. Inasmuch as variations in cell structure are more the rule than exception with malignant cells, and "antigenic modulation" occurs in a high percentage of the antibody-cell antigen couplings, it has not been possible to effectively combat leukemia cells with antibodies.
The above-described pharmacologic interactions can be strengthened by use of photoactive chemicl analogues. Photoactive chemical agents are compounds containing one or more groups which are excited by incident ultraviolet radiation and which when activated have a tendency to form covalent linkages with nearby chemical groups. The reactivity of various photoactive agents varies from the chemically specific, which is the case with agents such as the psoralens, to agents having great reactivity toward virtually any group, which is the case with diazo and azide groups. The diazo and azide groups are the preferred photoactive moieties for imbuing chemical agents to be used in the invention with photoactivity which is essential in the method of the invention.
Until the present invention, photoactive chemical agents have been utilized only in very limited fashions. On a clinical level, one class of photoactive compounds, the psoralens, have been used to treat patients suffering from psoriasis. Other uses of these agents have been almost exclusively experimental investigations of cell physiology and chemistry, typical reports of which appear in the following articles in the Annals of N.Y. Acad, Sci. 346, "Photoaffinity Probes in the Antibody Combining Region," Richards, F. F. and Lifter, J., pp. 78-89; and "Photolabile Antibiotics As Probes of Ribosomal Structure and Function," Copperman, B. S., pp. 302-323.
Now, in accordance with the present invention, a method has been found which enables safe and effective reduction of the functioning population of certain blood constituents. More particularly, the method of the present invention enables the reduction of the functioning population of certain nucleated cells and undesirable antigenic chemical substances, such as undesirable auto-reactive antibodies, in the blood supply of a human subject.
(4) or the antigenic sites on immunogenic chemicals.
Upon irradiation, the photoactive chemical agent is induced to form a permanent photo-adduct with its associated site in or on the nucleated blood cell or immunogenic chemical whereby the destruction of the adducted constituent is assured. The irradiated blood is then returned to the subject.
When a photoactive chemical agent having an affinity for the nucleic acid of nucleated cells, such as lymphocytes, is employed in the present invention, the aforementioned intermolecular attractive forces draw the agent into an intercalated relationship with the nucleic acids of the lymphocytes. Prior to activation, the agent has little or no effect on the cell chemistry, however, upon irradiation the agent forms certain covalent attachments with the nucleic acids of the cell and thereby inhibits the metabolic functions of the cell. In this fashion, the cell's processes having been disrupted, and in particular its ability to divide, the death of the cell results.
The family of chemical known in the art as the psoralens and more fully described in my copening application, Ser. No. 102,553, filed Dec. 11, 1979, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, have been found to have the activity described and are deemed well suited for application in the present invention. Photoactive chemical agents, havin an affinity for DNA, such as the psoralens, when used in the invention have a highly desirable benefit in that the impairment and destruction of lymphocytes tends to be selective in certain diseases such as leukemia to the cells most sought to be reduced, by virtue of the fact that it is such cells which are undergoing the most intense metabolic activities to begin with, whereby they are the cells most subject to disablement by the present process.
Cortisone is a chemical agent having an affinity for particular receptors within the nucleated lymphocyte cell. As has been previously indicated, cortisone's applications in reducing the functioning lymphocyte population in patients suffering from leukemia have been less than entirely satisfactory. According to the present invention, however, cortisone can be utilized to treat leukemia in a new and far more effective fashion.
(1) Katzenellenbogen, J. A., H. N. Myers and H. J. Johnson, Jr., 1973, J.Org. Chem. 38: 3525-33.
(2) Katzenellenbogen, J. A., H. J. Johnson, Jr. and H. N. Myers, 1973, Biochemistry 12: 4085-92.
(3) Katzenellenbogen, J. A., H. J. Johnson, Jr., K. E. Carlson and H. N. Myers, 1974, Biochemistry 13: 2896-94.
As these articles disclose, the photoactivation of steroids has been achieved with great success through the substitution of the photoactive moieties known as diazo and azide groups. These groups individually have a high degree of intrinsic photoactivity and that activity is retained when they are incorporated into another chemical agent, thereby rendering it photoactive.
Employing then, known techniques of photoderivatization, the 16-diazocortisone, which is preferred in the invention for retaining a high degree of its original pharmacological activity, can be synthesized in good yield by first nitrosating cortisone to give 16-oximocortisone, which can be converted into the 16-diazocortisone by chloramine oxidation. Other substituted cortisones may be derived by the nitration of cortisone using nitric acid in glacial acetic. The products of this nitration step are a number of azide derivatives, which can easily be separated by column chromatography. The reaction parameters employed to make these products can be found in enabling detail in the aforementioned Katzenellenbogen article in the J. Org. Chem. 38: 3525-33.
Photo-derivatized cotisone, having the preferred structure disclosed above or one of the other possible less preferred homologues, upon addition to the blood, readily enters the lymphocytes or other nucleated cells and associates itself with the cortisone receptor sites in those cells. After a suitable interval, calculated to allow a high percentage of the substituted cortisone to reach these receptor sites, typically in the range of 1 minute to 2 hours, and preferably 5-15 minutes, the blood containing a dosage of dissolved photoactivated cortisone that approximates that conventionally used in cancer treatment, typically in the range of from about 1 nanogram to 100 micrograms per ml of blood, is irradiated with UV radiation. Irradiation of the blood activates the photoactive moiety on the cortisone molecules in situ at the cortisone receptor sites and causes the formation of photo-adducts between the substituted cortisone and the cortisone receptor, as a consequence of which the receptor's ability to transmit cortisone vital to the continued metabolic activity of the cell is destroyed. Accordingly, a very large fraction of the cortisone receptors in the lymphocytes having been inactivated, the cells quickly become unable to function, and most particularly to divide, and their destruction rapidly follows.
Antibodies specific to particular blood constituents can be generated but, as has been indicated, it has not been possible to employ them with good results in reducing the population of malignant cells in the blood because of the variations in structure which are common with malignant cells and cellular phenomena such as antigenic modulation which enables cells to rid themselves of complexed antibodies. Thus, for example, antibodies specific for a particular type of malignant T-lymphocyte may be unable to complex with a large fraction of cells of that type in the blood, regardless of the antibodies having an affinity toward those cells, and a significant number of lymphocytes having been complexed by the antibodies shed their bound antigens breaking the antibodies' hold on them. According to the present invention, however, photoactivated antibodies can be utilized to reduce the functioning lymphoctye population to a previously unobtainable degree. Moreover, employing the method of the present invention photoactivated antibodies specifically reactive to other blood constituents such as, undesirable antibodies, can also be employed to reduce the population of those constituents in the blood with similar great effectiveness.
The methods whereby an antibody specific for a particular cell or immunogenic chemical may be produced and purified are well known in the art and need not be recited here, suffice it to say that large quantities of very specific monoclonal antibodies can be made by Hybridoma or by other established techniques.
The chemical techniques whereby an antibody desired for use in the present invention may be rendered photoactive are also well known to those skilled in the art. It will also be obvious to those skilled in the art, that virtually all antibodies have a number of sites suitable for photoactive derivatization. Methods whereby moieties foreign to an antibody may be added thereto without injurying the antibodies' ability to complex with its specific antigens, for example, have been disclosed in the Handbook of Experimental Immunology, Weir, D. M., pub. J. B. Lippincott, 1978, pp. 15.1-15.30. In furtherance of the objective of this invention, it is important that the process of derivatization not destroy the combining region of the antibody which is specific for the target cell. In this regard, it should be noted that in view of the number of potential sites for derivatization on most antibodies and the many different techniques whereby they may be infused with a photoactive moiety, such as the preferred diazo and azide groups, it will rarely be necessary to take the precaution of specifically protecting the combining region. Where, however, it is found that the combining region on an antibody would otherwise be destroyed by the photoderivatization of that antibody, established techniques of combining site protection and subsequent removal of the protecting group can be employed.
When photoactivated antibodies specifically reactive to some blood constituent, which for example in a preferred embodiment of this invention might be the malignant T-lymphocytes of a patient, are added to that patient's blood in the method of the present invention, they will very quickly complex with T-lymphocytes for which there exists the required correspondence of antibody combining region and cell antigenic site. Numerous antibodies, however, by reason of deficiences in their own combining regions or in their target cells' receptors, while attracted to the target lymphocytes will be unable to form a true antibody-antigen complex. Upon irradiation with UV radiation, of a wavelength capable of activating the particular photoactive moiety which has been infused into the antibodies, the photoactive moieties on the antibodies which have complexed will preferentially form photo-adducts with the complexed cells, thereby permanently binding them to their complexed antibody and eliminating antigenic modulation as a means whereby the complex can be broken. Other antibodies which had previously failed to complex with any of the target cells to which they were attracted because of insufficient correspondence in their respective binding regions, will upon photoactivation preferentially form photo-adducts with those cells, thereby creating a photo-adduct complex where none had existed before. In the described fashion, dosages of photoactivated antibody approximating those conventionally employed in the treatment of maladies, in the order of from about 1 manogram to 100 micrograms per ml of blood, can be applied thereto with therapeutic effectiveness.
The foredescribed photo-induced antibody-antigen complexing is amplified by the infusion of multiple photoactive groups in to the antibody structure, for the presence of several photoactive moieties on the antibody increases the likelihood that a single antibody will be able to complex with more than one target cell. When such antibodies are employed according to the method of the invention, they have an enhanced tendency to form networks or chains of complexed cells which can be removed from the blood with particular facility.
According to the method of the invention regardless of the type of photoactive chemical agent employed therein, blood withdrawn from a subject for treatment can be handled in batch form, but preferably is formed into an extracorporeal stream and passed through a treatment station whereat the irradiation is effected. Such a treatment station may take the form of an extended flattened tubular passageway, the walls of which are substantially transparent to the incident ultraviolet light (UV) used to activate the photoactive chemical agent. Typical radiation does range from about 0.1 to 100 joules per cm2 and preferably from about 5 to 60 joules per cm2 of blood surface whether the process is carried out on a continuous or discontinuous bases, and typical flow rates through the irradiation station can be in the range of from about 10 to 75 m./min.
Following treatment, the entire batch, or irradiated flow of diverted blood, can be returned to the patient. However, depending on which photoactive chemical agent was employed in the treatment of the blood, it may be preferable to filter on centrifuge the treated blood prior to its return to the patient. The instances in which such treatment would be deemed appropriate are more fully elucidated in the detailed description of this invention.
FIGS. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views, taken along the lines 4--4 and 5--5 of FIG. 3, and illustrate in configurations of the flow passageway and the output passage for the FIG. 3 device.
As indicated in the Figure, blood may initially be withdrawn from the human subject, as at 12. Typically the blood is withdrawn via a donor needle, which may e.g. be emplaced at the right antecubital vein. In the showing of FIG. 1, it is assumed that the processing of blood pursuant to the invention is conducted on a continuous basis, i.e. for purposes of the present discussion the flow may be regarded as continuous from withdrawal at 12, to final return of the blood to the subject at 14. Such return 14 is typically effected via a recipient needle positioned in the left antecubital vein. Where the flow is indeed continuous in this manner, a typical blood flow utilizable in practice of the invention is in range of from about 10 to 75 ml/min. with a more preferred range being from about 40 to 50 ml/min. The indicated flow rates are effected by means of a pump 16, which is positioned in the extracorporeal blood flow stream generally indicated at 18, and may comprise one of numerous types of pumps used for blood flow treatment purposes, including such pumps as those available from Haemonetics Corp. under Model Designation 30.
As is known in the pertinent medical art, anti-coagulants are preferably injected into the extracorporeal blood flow stream at 20, i.e. close to the point of blood withdrawal. Such anti-coagulants can comprise solutions of acid citrate dextrose and/or of heparin, or of other known compositions useful for this purpose.
As has been discussed under the "Summary of Invention," the preferred photoactive chemical agents for use in the process of the invention are the psoralens, photoactivated cortisone, photoactivated antibodies specifically reactive to malignant lymphocytes and photoactivated antibodies specifically reactive to a patient's undesirable antibodies. As was also indicated, other photoactive chemical agents, are also utilizable in the method of the invention. The basic technique used in introducing photoactive chemical agents, is to dissolve same in an isotonic solution, which thereafter is directly injected into the flowing blood streams, as at 26. The agents are injected at a rate in comparison to the blood flow rate as to achieve a concentration in the blood thereafter passed to irradiation station 24 in the desired range, described for each of the chemical agents of the invention.
In the foregoing connection it should be appreciated that the primary objective of the operations thus far described is one of achieving the desired dissolved concentration of the photoactive chemical agent prior to introduction of the blood to the irradiation station. In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, it will therefore be appreciated that the said photoactive agent need not necessarily be directly introduced by injection into the extracorporeal blood stream 18 flowing in FIG 1. Rather, it is also acceptable to achieve the desired concentration of photoactive agent by orally or otherwise administering the compound directly to the patient. Where, for example pursuant to the invention, psoralen is orally administered, it can be provided in oral dosages of from about 0.6 to 1.0 mg per kg of body weight. The desired concentration range in the blood used for practice of the invention, is then achieved in about two hours from oral administration. Alternate modes of administration for the other photoactive chemical agents within the scope of this invention and the doses appropriate therefor will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
In FIG. 2, a schematic elevational view appears of an irradiation station 24 of a type suitable for use with the invention. Such station consists of a blood treatment or irradiation chamber 28, having an inlet 31 and an outlet 32, enabling blood flow through the chamber, and a spaced source 30 or UV radiation. The chamber 28 can take various forms, with the principle requirement for same being that the wall 34 of same opposed to source 30, be substantially transparent to the incident UV radiation. The said chamber (or at least wall 34) can therefore typically be comprised of various substantially UV-transparent plastics, as are commonly used in tubing constructed for administration of standard intravenous solutions, such as polyvinyl chloride and the like.
In one preferred embodiment of irradiation chamber 28, which is easily adapted for use in both the continuous and batch modes of this invention, the device comprises a simple envelope whith is irradiated from above and below. Accordingly in this embodiment, the blood to be treated flows through irradiation chamber 28 in central void 36 which is substantially of thin rectangular cross-section. The surface area of the chamber 28 is adapted in conjunction with the light sources so as to provide the blood contained therein within the desired radiation dose level. In an alternate embodiment, blood treatment chamber 28 has a configuration as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. In this instance a tubular coil 38, which in cross-section (FIG. 5) is flattened to a very elongated elipse, is fixedly maintained in or upon a support plate 40. The blood flow inlet 30 to the coil is of circular cross section, and in terms of FIG. 1 is at a point downstream of pump 16. The feed-in for the photoactive chemical agent is schematically depicted at 26. The highly flattened cross-section of the coil enables good flow for the blood passing through the coil, but more importantly, enables good exposure of the flowing blood to the incident UV radiation. The outlet 32 is again returned to a circular cross-section.
Regardless of the design selected for the chamber 28, it is preferred that the chamber be as thin as practicable. Chambers having a thickness in the range of from about 0.05 to 10 mm are within the range contemplated in the invention, with chamber thicknesses in the range of from about 0.05 mm to 1 mm preferred.
The blood flow from irradiation station 24 proceeding as shown in FIG. 1 via outlet 32, can be directly returned to the subject at 14. Optionally, however, prior to returning the treated blood to the patient, it may be heat exchanged so as to adjust its temperature to that of the patient's circulating blood. Heat exchange as described is necessary whenever the treated blood, by consequence of its treatment, has attained a temperature substantially at variance with that of the patient.
Where the method of the invention has been employed to reduce the functioning lymphocyte population of the blood, employing either a DNA active agent, such as a psoralen, or a photoactivated cortisone, the treated lymphocytes upon return to the patient as a consequence of their treatment will be rapidly broken down and destroyed by the normal processes occuring in the patient. More specifically, by their treatment according to the aforementioned embodiments of the invention, the metabolic functions of the treated lymphocytes are impaired to the extent that with appropriate doses of photoactive agent and UV radiation a substantial percentage of the treated cells will be destroyed on a gradual basis over a period of days. A benefit of this feature of the invention is that it is thus possible to treat substantially the entire blood supply of a patient in a single treatment without causing the catastrophic overloading of the body's blood purification system which would otherwise result if the entire population of treated lymphocytes were to succumb to the treatment at the same time.
Where photoactivated antibodies specific to a malignant lymphocyte are employed in the other preferred embodiments of the invention, the blood returned to the subject will have its lymphocytes (or alternatively an undesirable antibody) complexed by the activated antibody and thus tagged for removal from the blood stream. Since, however, the photoactivated antibody complexes formed according to this embodiment of the invention are essentially completely formed prior to the exiting of the blood from the irradiation station 24, the blood must either be dosed, with relatively small amounts of activated antibody, so as not to shock or overload the patient's biological blood filtration system, or the treated blood must be filtered or centrifuged prior to its return to the patient.
Regardless of which photoactivated agent is employed in the invention or at what rate it is administered the burden placed upon the body's organ system can be further alleviated, by utilizing in conjunction with the present system, a continuous centrifuge 44 (or other filtration system), which device serves several functions.
It is to be noted that continuous centrifuges of the type here utilized, have been long employed in blood flow processing systems commercially available from several manufacturers, including Haemonetics Corporation of Braintree, Mass., and the IBM Corporation, Medical Products Division, of Monsey, N.Y. In the prior art systems in which such devices have been utilized all elements of FIG. 1 have been present, with the singularly important exception of the irradiation station 24. The function of the continuous centrifuge in such prior art systems has been one of separating excess lymphocytes or other blood components of interest. Where so used, a detriment of such system was the inefficiency of same, i.e. the centrifuging process can at best remove about 40 to 50% of the lymphocytes, and unfortunately also removes components which are in fact desired to be retained.
In the system 10 of the present invention, two functions can be performed by the continuous centrifuge 44. One of these, is removal of lymphocytes or other complexed blood constituents, as previously discussed. Because the present invention in its psoralens and cortisone treatment embodiments relies primarily on impairment of function of the lymphocytes to ultimately reduce the functioning population of same, the centrifuge 44 need not be relied upon to the extent that same has been in the aforementioned prior art arrangements. From a mechanical viewpoint, this implies that one need not work as close to the specific gravity interface between the lymphocyte fraction of the blood and the desirable fractions of the blood which one seeks to retain. Thus one can avoid undue separation of those desired fractions of the whole blood.
The continuous centrifuge 44, may further be utilized for an additional important purpose. In particular, some or virtually all of the blood plasma may be removed at 46 and replaced with fresh plasma at 48. This washing technique enables one to effectively withdraw the excess photoactive chemical agent compounds which may be present in the blood plasma, replacing the plasma at 46 with isotonic fluid free of the same. Thus, when the blood is returned to the subject at 14, it is substantially free of any excess chemical agent, i.e. other than those which combined with the treated blood constituent in the manner desired.
It should also be reemphasized that while the preferred mode of practicing the present invention, as illustrated in FIG. 1, contemplates a continuous operation, the blood treatment pursuant to the invention can be effected by batched techniques. Thus for example a distinct, fixed quantity of blood may initially be withdrawn from the subject. Such quantity or batch, may already have present therein the desired quantities of dissolved photoactive chemical agent, i.e. by prior administration to the patient; or the said agent may be admixed externally with the withdrawn blood. The said blood batch bearing the desired agent may then be provided to an irradiation station, where the desired quantity of UV energy is rendered incident upon same. During this process the batch of blood can be flowed through the station as previously discussed, or if the quantity of blood is appropriate and the blood treatment chamber 28 of appropriate dimensions, the batch can simply be treated under static conditions until the desired energy has been dissipated. Thereafter, the treated blood is taken from the irradiation station, and either centrifuged as above discussed, or directly returned to the subject.
The following additional chemical agents are known to interact with intact cells following exposure to UV and visible light. These agents may also be used in the system of this invention.
1. Ethidium and acridines (Yielding K.L. and Yielding L.W.: Photoaffinity labeling of DNA. Annals of N.Y. Acad. Sci. 346:368-378, 1980). --Also adriamycin, daunomycin, rubidazone.
2. Sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, phenothiazones, tetracyclines, coal tar derivatives, anthracene, pyridine, phenanthrene (Kornhauser A: Molecular aspects of phototoxicity. Annals of N.Y. Acad. Sci. 346:398-414, 1980).
3. Specifically reactive antibodies (Richard F. F. and Lifter J.: Photoaffinity probes in the antibody combining region. Annals of N.Y. Acad. Sci. 346:78-89, 1980).
In this experiment, the system employed consisted of a pump and a multi-pass UVA Exposure Station, having an exposure chamber with a thickness of 1.0 mm and a total surface area of 0.312 square meters. The exposure chamber was irradiated from above and below by ultraviolet A light sources providing radiation having the bulk of its spectral components in the 3200 to 400 Angstrom range, with peak intensities at about 3600 to 3700 Angstroms. The level of radiation incident to the surfaces of the exposure chamber was measured at about 28.8 J/cm2 /hr.
A psoralen level in the blood to be treated of 100 nanograms/ml was achieved by oral administration of psoralen to the patient two (2) hours prior to the taking of the blood for this test. Subsequent to taking, the blood sample was dosed with 20 units of heparin sulfate per ml of blood, in order to prevent coagulation of the blood sample in the apparatus.
The white cell count of the blood sample, prior to commencement of the test, was 500,000/mm3 which level compares very unfavorably with a normal count of 5000 cells/mm3. Examination of the cells revealed that virtually all the cells in the sample were malignant T-lymphocytes.
In operation, blood was drawn from the blood bag at a rate of 40 cc/min., passed through the irradiation chamber and then returned to the blood bag. A sample was taken from the return line prior to the commencement of UVA irradiation and at one hour intervals thereafter, the last sample being taken 3 hours after commencement of irradiation. The samples were maintained in cultures from which aliquots were drawn for evaluation on the third, fourth, fifth and sixth days after irradiation.
From the above Table, it is apparent that the invention has produced a rapid destruction of the excess lymphocytes population in the treated blood, without observable clinically adverse effects on other blood constituents. By way of analysis, within six days after treatment according to the subject method the population of viable lymphocyte cells in each blood sample was appreciably reduced. More particularly, within six days after exposure in the described apparatus for periods of 1, 2 and 3 hours, the percentages of viable lymphocytes remaining in the treated blood were respectively reduced to 13, 2 and 1 percent of their original values. By way of comparison, a control sample which was not exposed to UVA had 86 percent of its lymphocyte population viable after the same amount of time.
While the present invention has been particularly described in terms of specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood in view of the present disclosure, that numerous variations upon the invention are now enabled to those skilled in the art, which variations yet reside within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the invention is to be broadly construed, and limited only by the scope and spirit of the claims now appended hereto.
withdrawing blood from said subject, and irradiating said withdrawn blood with UV radiation in the presence of an effective amount of a dissolved photoactive chemical agent having an affinity for the nucleic acid of the nucleated blood cells and capable when activated by said UV radiation of forming photo-adducts with DNA, to thereby effect chemical bonding between said photoactive chemical agent and the nucleic acid of the nucleated cells, thereby altering the said nucleic acid and inhibiting the metabolic processes of said nucleated cells; and returning the irradiated blood to said subject.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the nucleated cells are lymphocytes and said photoactive chemical agent is a psoralen.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said withdrawn blood is formed into an extracorporeal flowing stream, passed through a treatment station whereat said irradiation is effected and returned to said subject in a continuous operation.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1, including the further step of separating at least portions of said nucleated cell population before returning said blood to said subject.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1, including the further step of separating at least portions of said nucleated cell population before returning said blood to said subject, by passing said bloodstream through a continuous flow centrifuge.
6. A method in accordance with claim 5 wherein excess quantities of said photoactive chemical agent are removed from the extracorporeal stream by withdrawing blood plasma at said centrifuge and replacing same with fresh photoactive chemical agent-free plasma.
7. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said blood is irradiated with photoenergy in the UVA wavelength range and at a radiation dose level of from about 0.1 to 100 joules/cm2.
8. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said photoactive chemical agent is dissolved in said blood by mixing from about 1 nanogram to 100 micrograms of the same per ml of blood subsequent to withdrawing the blood from said subject.
9. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said photoactive chemical agent is dissolved in said blood by administering said agent to said subject.
withdrawing blood from said subject, forming said blood into an extracorporeal stream, flowing said stream through a treatment station, irradiating said withdrawn blood in said treatment station with UV radiation to the presence of about 1 nanogram to 100 micrograms of a dissolved psoralen capable when activated by said UV radiation to effect chemical bonding between said psoralen and said lymphocytes, thereby selectively inhibiting the metabolic processes of said lymphocytes; and returning the irradiated blood to said subject.
11. The method of claim 10 including passing the blood from said extracorporeal stream through a centrifuge and separating out portions of said blood before returning the irradiated blood to said subject.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein said process is carried out continuously.
ES513014A ES8400669A1 (en) 1981-06-12 1982-06-11 "A method of reducing the population in action of a blood constituent in the blood supply of a human individual and corresponding installation".
Lieschlea et al., "Effects of 8-Methorypsoralen and UVA on Human Lymphocytes," Demm Ris., 1977, pp. 293-298.
Parrish et al., Photochemotherapy of Psoraisis with Oral Methoxsalen and Longwave UV Light, New England J. of Med., vol. 291, No. 23, Dec. 74, pp. 1207-1211.
Bale et al. 1966 High Specific Activity Labeling of Protein with I131 by the Iodine Monochloride Method.
Owner name: BOURKE, FREDERIC A. JR.


text:
Barclays at 16 Main Street, Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland, Bangor
Barclays phone number in Bangor
Barclays Opening hours in Bangor
Barclays 16 Main Street, Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland
16 Main Street, Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland, Bangor (BT20 5AG Wales)
Monday: 09:30 - 16:30 / Tuesday: 09:30 - 16:30 / Wednesday: 09:30 - 16:30 / Thursday: 09:30 - 16:30 / Friday: 09:30 - 16:30 / Saturday: Closed - Closed / Sunday: Closed - Closed
0 Km - Bangor
24.8 Km - Amlwch
41.8 Km - Pwllheli
Barclays at 68/70 High Street, Rhyl, Clwyd
68/70 High Street, Rhyl, Clwyd
44.2 Km - Rhyl
Barclays at 128 High Street, Prestatyn, Clwyd
128 High Street, Prestatyn, Clwyd
49.9 Km - Prestatyn
Barclays at 7 St Peters Square, Ruthin, Clwyd
7 St Peters Square, Ruthin, Clwyd
55.9 Km - Ruthin
Prestatyn
Rhyl


Every year, I put together a report that I share with friends, providing my thoughts on what's happening around us and what the preparedness community should be thinking about for the next year. Now with this blog, I'd like to share my thoughts with you. I do so in the hope that you will find something useful in it for planning purposes or just food for thought for the coming year.
"The Year Nothing Worked: Stocks, Bonds, Cash Go Nowhere"
We start with the economy, as President Bill Clinton once famously (and aptly) said during his 1992 presidential campaign: "It's the economy, stupid."
"After embracing everything from Treasuries to high-yield bonds and technology shares amid seven years of zero-percent interest rates, investors found themselves with nowhere to run at a time when the Federal Reserve's campaign of stimulus drew to an end. Normally it isn't like this. Since 1995, practically every year has seen some asset deliver returns exceeding 10 percent."
Do yourself a favor - watch the video in the Bloomberg link referenced above. It's not a gloom and doom prediction, but it does highlight how we are in interesting ("We have never been here before; we have no roadmap") times.
"A confident, often feisty President Barack Obama claimed credit for the improving economy in his State of the Union address Tuesday, chiding Republicans – who won sweeping victories in the 2014 midterm elections – to follow his lead in enacting policies to help the middle class."
There's no doubt that some of the traditional metrics of economic conditions support the President's claim. The official unemployment rate is at five percent, a rate not seen since April 2008. Even U6 unemployment - measuring not only those in the official unemployment number but also those marginally attached workers and those working part-time for economic reasons - is below ten percent for the first time since May 2008. GDP growth remains positive. Official inflation numbers remain modest.
"A study by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis took on the notion that the drop is all about demographics and not a sign that the labor market is sicker than we think. The study looked at the labor force participation rate not just in the U.S. but in eight major developed countries, including Sweden, Japan, Canada, Germany, France, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Nearly all of those countries are facing the same demographic trends as the U.S. And Japan is currently dealing with an even more severe case of aging population. And yet, out of the eight nations, the U.S. is the only one where the participation in the labor force is declining."
The bet/hope people are making when confronted with this data?
"There are far more people in the freelance economy than there used to be, and there are soon to be more, given the rise of sharing economy startups like Uber and AirBnb. If you work for yourself, you are supposed to be captured in the government's surveys. But if you are being paid in cash and not paying taxes, you may not report yourself as part of the workforce when a government surveyor calls to see if you are currently seeking work. So it could be that the underground economy, which some have measured as growing, makes up for the drop in the labor force participation."
In essence, we're counting on off the books work to make up the difference. Draw whatever conclusion from that you wish - many believe such disruptive technologies and industries are good for the economy.
the average American has a debt ratio of 370% and average credit card balance of $15,706?
The good news? People sense this divergence. The bad news? People sense this divergence.
"Battered, bruised and jumpy - the whole world is on edge."
"If you judge by the economic figures, the US should be an exception to all this gloom. The country is in the sixth year of an economic expansion. Unemployment is about 5 per cent. The US dominates the internet economy. And yet the public mood is sour. The prospect that the Republicans, one of America's two great political parties, might genuinely nominate Donald Trump, a boorish demagogue, as its candidate for the presidency, does not suggest that the US is at ease with itself. Indeed, Mr Trump's entire campaign — and that of his main rivals for the GOP nomination — is based around the idea that America is in dangerous decline. Beyond these local factors, are there common elements behind this global unease? Clearly, the world economy has not fully recovered from the financial crisis. There is also a widespread fear that, after years of highly unorthodox monetary policy, another financial or economic crisis might be building.
"The global gloom makes the international political system feel like a patient that is still struggling to recover from a severe illness which began with the financial crisis of 2008. If there are no further bad shocks, recovery should proceed gradually and the worst political symptoms may fade. The patient is vulnerable, however. Another severe shock, such as a major terrorist attack or a serious economic downturn, could spell real trouble."
No doubt driven in part by the growing risk of terrorism in the United States.
The shootings in San Bernardino earlier this month and larger attacks in Paris a month earlier reminded Americans how terrorism can manifest itself here in the United States. Much coverage has been devoted to these events over the last few weeks, making Americans more cautious about taking trips to highly populated and high traffic areas.
"However, in the big picture, an attack that results in 14 deaths is terrible and tragic, but it is not an existential threat to our national security or survival, especially when compared with the 589,430 cancer deaths, more than 23,000 flu deaths and more than 32,000 traffic fatalities expected in the United States in 2015.
"Some will argue that the 14 deaths in San Bernardino came all at once and not as separate cases as with cancer and the flu, and are therefore more significant, but this argument does not hold water with me. More than 227,000 people died in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, and fewer than 3,000 people died on 9/11. Yet the 9/11 attacks spawned a global sense of terror and a geopolitical reaction that had a profound and unparalleled impact upon world events over the past decade; the tsunami did not have the same type of impact. Clearly terrorism is having its desired effect and is causing people to fear it in a manner that is hugely disproportionate to the destruction it can actually cause."
Terrorism is a low frequency, high severity event. It rarely happens, but when it does, it creates a lasting impact. That impact is felt by both the families directly affected as well as the rest of America watching it unfold in real time on their cable news outlet of choice.
And this renewed fear in terrorism is driving gun sales and Americans' changing attitudes about guns.
"Last month, the FBI ran more than 2.2 million firearm background checks on potential buyers, a 24 percent increase from November 2014. On Black Friday, a record 185,345 background checks were processed by the FBI.
"That increase coincided with the coordinated terrorist attacks at multiple sites in Paris by ISIS gunmen on Nov. 13 that killed 130 people and wounded 368.
"Weeks later, on Dec. 2, an attack on a holiday party in San Bernardino, California, killed 14 and injured 17 others."
"Indeed, while the division is a close one, Americans by 47-42 percent think that encouraging more people to carry guns legally is a better response to terrorism than enacting stricter gun control laws."
What can we expect from the strongest El Niño in 18 years? It really depends on where you live. Above average temps and below average precipitation this winter for the northern half of the U.S. and below average temps and above average precip for the southern half. We've already seen significant weather here in Texas and in much of the southeastern U.S. the past 10 days, with over 40 deaths reported due to severe weather.
Stratfor's Annual Forecast for 2016 isn't rosy.
"2016 is shaping up to be an unsettling year for much of the world. The United States and Russia are still locked in an intractable standoff. Nationalism is resurfacing in Europe. The price of oil and other commodities are low. Chinese consumption is falling. And countries around the world are more resolved than ever before to intensify their military campaigns against the Islamic State. But it is important to remember that all these trends are connected, and the way they play out this year could determine how tumultuous the world will be next year."
"The defining events of 2016 will raise apprehension around the world, leading into what will likely be an even more tumultuous 2017 as an array of developing conflicts comes into sharper focus. The essential thing to bear in mind is that all these trends are connected. The U.S.-Russia standoff, surging nationalism in Europe, Turkey's re-emergence and other geopolitical currents will tie in to and feed off of one another."
Many in the preparedness community have feared the so called "coming collapse" - a dystopian worst case scenario in which multiple failures of the grid, financial and food delivery systems result in certain chaos and doom for the nation if not the world.
Yet lessons in crises from Venezuela, Chile, Greece, and all of Europe for that matter have taught us that collapse is a) not certain and b) when it does happen, it tends to happen asymmetrically - not everything implodes around us in a predictable, orderly fashion.
"This generates several myths, which are actually hurting the decision making people are doing RIGHT NOW."
"Put down those matches and take up your hammer and nails. The only solution is to build under, build around, to teach, to learn, to change minds and hearts. The future must be built piecemeal. So… that's what we'll do.
"It's not fun. It's not glamorous. It's the only thing that can save us.
"Screw your courage to the sticking place, and possess your soul in patience. And work.
Despite the various pieces of data I have shared above, I do not believe this is a time for panic or even worry. It is a time for getting your affairs squared away, increasing your preparedness, and readying yourself and your families to be leaders in the event of a crisis.
The 2016 election cycle will bring with it a fair amount of uncertainty. For only the second time in my lifetime, we will have a presidential election in which neither candidate of the two main political parties is a sitting president or vice president. There will be no continuation of the Obama administration - even if Secretary Clinton is nominated and elected. This uncertainty will no doubt manifest itself in the financial markets over the next year. And given the Federal Reserve's willingness to begin raising interest rates, it "could be the start of a series of interest rate hikes, and the cumulative effect of those could be significant over the course of the next couple of years."
President Obama's plans for use of executive orders (EOs) to impose additional gun control will likely be another driver in firearm sales in the coming months. Coupled with the perceived risk of terrorism mentioned above, we can expect firearms and ammunition sales to remain strong in the coming months as well. I can attest from my own observation that the Paris terror attacks in November have greatly increased demand for License To Carry classes as well.
Meanwhile, Ted Koppel's recent book, Lights Out: A Cyberattack, A Nation Unprepared, Surviving the Aftermath received critical acclaim for its sobering assessment on the state of the electric grid. (I highly recommend you read the book, by the way.) Perhaps the most surprising feature of his book for me was his decision to devote three chapters to the preparedness culture found within The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints - the Mormons. I don't know anything about Koppel's religious leanings, but when a mainstream journalist of his tenure and reputation is writing books talking about how great it is that these people have such a strong element of preparedness in their culture, it's evidence that attitudes towards preparedness continue to shift and change.
Increased threats for severe weather for much of the U.S. this winter, due to El Nino.
I've blogged previously about what I'm doing to prepare for such risks. Understand there's not much we can do, on an individual level, to fix many of these things. We can simply be ready to deal with them as they come up and to be the leaders in our communities when things are bad.
I hope you'll take a moment and share your thoughts and outlook on 2016 in the comment section below. I'd love to hear what's on your mind.


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text:
Donate to Live Music Lives with Common Fence Music
Every gift to CFM makes a difference and powers live music!
Common Fence Music is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to celebrating and preserving diverse folk music traditions by creating community-based opportunities for cultural exchange. Through our concert series and education programs now being streamed, we bring people together to share in the joy and excitement of live music.
It may surprise you to learn that only about 50% of CFM's expenses are covered by ticket revenue in normal years. This year monetary and in-kind
gifts are all the more vital in powering CFM's pivot to live streaming and support of artists. Generous individuals, businesses and foundations in the area. Each and every donation we receive is used to keep our programs going.
Make a donation today to help fund such things as....
$20 - $30: Average ticket price
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Common Fence Music is a 501(c)(3), non-profit organization dedicated to presenting concerts and occasional workshops of folk, roots and world music and other underexposed, but culturally relevant styles and performers.


and i already said that it's STYLE!
im not blueberry..D: im a....blue dolphin..
Edited by cherie, 11 August 2010 - 09:18 PM.
hahaha <33 *neigh~~~~ I MEAN;;; RIBBITT~!
want to share some more pictures/images of Shira family.
Edited by Pelmundo, 12 August 2010 - 11:51 AM.
Edited by Eosphorus, 12 August 2010 - 12:50 PM.
Edited by cherie, 12 August 2010 - 03:33 PM.


For some time now I have been obsessed with going to farmer's markets! Every Saturday morning I make it a ritual to go and pick up some fresh produce to incorporate in the meals that I am going to be cooking the upcoming week. My husband and I were walking our dogs one morning and were talking about some reasons why we enjoy shopping at farmers markets and I though I'd share some with you.
Produce bought at a farmer's markets is more times than not more fresh and that is because your fruits and veggies are being picked a day or two before it is being sold to you. Since the produce is coming from local farms, the travel time is much less, hence why everything is so fresh, and it will last longer in your fridge.
Don't you just love supporting small mom and pop businesses? I do! And by shopping at a farmer's market near you, you will be providing capital that I'm sure is much needed to keep farms and businesses to continue to prosper. Lets help each other out!
Chances are that if your are visiting your local farmer's market often, you're going to run to a lot of the same people and get to know the producers themselves. Spark a conversation about the fruit and vegetables that you will be putting into your body. You'll gain insight and get to know local entrepreneurs; its a win win.
Farmer's markets are such a jolly and vibrant place to frequent, at least that's my impression. I always look forwards to Saturday mornings because my husband and I make it a date, we pick out our favorite fruits and veggies, or whatever else we can get our hands on, and grab coffee after.


text:
Q: How to import a TypeScript file from another directory? This code works fine:
import modal = require('./modal');//modal path
class index{
constructor(){
  var_modal = new modal();

 }
}
export = index

If I change the require path to "../../widgets/personInfo/viewmodel", after I rebuild the solution Visual Studio gives the error:

Unable to resolve external module "../../widgets/personInfo/viewmodel", Build: Module cannot be aliased to a non-module type, Invalid 'new' expression

A: The problem was found. Folder name was starting with uppercase, while require path was all-lowercase.
Valid code:
import modal = require('../../Widgets/PersonInfo/viewmodel')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Чорна п'ятниця () — падіння курсу золота на 30%, що відбулося 24 вересня 1869 через масове вкидання дорогоцінного металу на ринок Казначейством США.

Історія
У серпні 1869 Джей Гулд і Джеймс Фіск, керуючі залізницею Erie Railroad, та фінансові спекулянти вирішили спровокувати підвищення цін на ринках. Купуючи золото, вони розраховували, що за ним піде підвищення цін на зерно, а потім підвищення попиту на перевезення зерна, що дозволило б підняти залізничний тариф. Наполеоновський план Гулда (так цю аферу оцінювали сучасники) спирався, зокрема, контакти з ближнім оточенням президента Улісса Гранта. Гулд вклав у справу 7 мільйонів доларів, що підняло ціни на золото на 40% першого ж дня. Банк, контрольований Босом Твідом, дав гарантії Гулду, але гравці, які сумніваються, випередили Гулда і знайшли прямий вихід на президента.

Без особливих попереджень та витоків інформації, казначейство США викинуло на ринок масу золота з метою стабілізувати ринок. На той час курс золота зріс на 65 % до липня 1869.

24 вересня 1869 настала «Чорна п'ятниця» — курс золота впав відразу на 30%; хоча Гулд і не втратив вкладені в аферу гроші (його особистий прибуток склав не менше трьох мільйонів доларів), його обклали численними судовими позовами, а одного разу мало не лінчували на вулиці — в результаті 1872 Гулд залишив біржу та залізницю. Того ж року Джеймса Фіска розстріляв на вулиці коханець його колишньої подруги; вважається, що цей злочин не був безпосередньо пов'язаний із «Чорною п'ятницею».

Прямим наслідком «чорної п'ятниці» став тимчасовий занепад Нью-Йоркської фондової біржі і тривалий залізничних акцій, що перетворилися з респектабельних паперів на спекулятивний інструмент. На Уолл-стріт збанкрутували дрібні маклерські контори. Віддаленим, непрямим наслідком стало падіння фінансової групи Джея Кука, яка пережила «п'ятницю».

Література

1869 у США
П'ятниця

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I had hoped to post pictures of completed doll dresses to show today, but I didn't finish a single one. I worked on a couple, but I got really tired so I didn't finish even one.
Thank you all for your prayers; I am feeling better and I didn't run a fever yesterday. Praise God! I know that some of you are not feeling well either, and I am keeping you in my prayers.
We are taking a trip into town today, and if the word 'trip' sounds like an exaggeration, it takes us half an hour to get to the nearest town of any real size. It seems to take most of the day when ver we go into town, but I like living out in the country.
Sorry that this post is so short; I need to get ready to go.
Hi Sarah! I just gave you an award ;) Check out my blog for details.
I awarded you a whole bunch of awards over at my blog! come and check them out!


text:
Mozambique has been left devastated by the impact of two powerful tropical storms. In the space of six weeks, Mozambique was hit, first, by Cyclone Idai and then Cyclone Kenneth, which left the country and its people in need.
Nearly 250,000 homes have been completely destroyed in Mozambique, leaving 1.4 million children without a safe space to sleep at night.
Families who have lost everything are now fighting to survive in makeshift shelters without adequate food or clean water supplies.
Today, over 50% of the nation's crops have been destroyed by flood waters. This means that children, who are already in a vulnerable position, are likely to face shortages if they don't receive prompt humanitarian aid. Please provide humanitarian aid to those affected by both cyclones by donating today.
Mozambique Emergency Appeal
Devastating Impact of Cyclone Idai
The region faced weeks of heavy rain in early 2019, which left the ground waterlogged and unable to absorb any further rainfall. The land and surrounding rivers were already at breaking point when Cyclone Idai hit the eastern coast in March.
The deluge of rain, combined with hurricane-force winds, caused severe flooding across the region, which damaged infrastructure and the area's clean water supply.
In Mozambique, the port city of Beira was the worst hit and suffered widespread damage, making it almost inaccessible to aid workers. The city's main road network is completely destroyed making it difficult for anyone to get in or out.
Hundreds of thousands of buildings, including the city's Beira Hospital, are damaged. The destruction has seriously hampered medical care, with its emergency and surgical departments closed.
A boy walks through flood waters in Pemba | Mozambique | 2019 | De Wet
Further Damage Caused By Cyclone Kenneth
This is the first time in recorded history two strong tropical cyclones have hit Mozambique in the same season.
Tropical Cyclone Kenneth follows on the heels of tropical Cyclone Idai, which made landfall on the 14th of March, leaving more than 600 people dead and an estimated 1 million children in need.
Cyclone Kenneth affected an additional 368,000 children when the storm made landfall in the Cabo Delgado province of northern Mozambique.
The Category 4 storm brought torrential rain to the regions and put affected areas at heightened risk of lethal flooding and landslides.
The devastation caused by Cyclones Idai and Kenneth brought the cumulative number of children in need of humanitarian assistance to nearly 1.4 million.
To put that in perspective, that's the equivalent of every child in Ireland needing urgent humanitarian aid.
Cecilia carries her son, through a destroyed informal settlement | Mozambique | 2019 | De Wet
How You Can Help Children in Mozambique
UNICEF teams are on the ground working to keep children safe while providing essential supplies and medical care. But the scale of the emergency is huge and getting worse.
With dirty flood water contaminating water sources, children, especially those under the age of five, face the deadly threat of cholera, diarrhoea and other water-borne diseases.
Clean Drinking Water
A donation of just €50 could provide enough safe drinking water to protect 5 children from dirty water for an entire month.
Contaminated water kills. In emergency situations like this one, a lack of clean water is the biggest factor in the spread of deadly waterborne diseases like cholera.
Emergency Supply of Food
50% of Mozambique's crops have been destroyed as a result of the storms. Without their staple source of food, many families will struggle to feed their children.
By donating €75, you could provide enough life-saving emergency food to nourish 10 children for two weeks.
Life-Saving Medicine
Cyclone Idai and Kenneth destroyed everything in their path, including hospitals and essential health centres.
€100 could provide essential medicines to treat 12 sick or injured children and ensure they live to see another day.
€75 would feed
10 children for 2 weeks
We know children and their families need safe drinking water, health supplies and emergency shelter.
Please donate now to help provide life-saving assistance to children affected by this disaster.
Help provide life-saving emergency supplies


They know there is a great deal of passion around this topic and many others in the profession. NAVTA's goal is to create a platform for people to connect, engage, learn and grow. If you would like to bring a session forward for us to discuss, please reach out to us at The Bridge Club.
Finally, while they provided these videos with out an access code, please know this is not their regular practice, in fact these will be the only videos, that they will be providing outside their membership this year.
Bills are going to be heard this spring in the States of Indiana, Georgia and Ohio to change the name to Veterinary Nurse. The bills did not pass in the first session in Ohio, nor in TN, in 2018.
2/5/2019: The VNI Initiative to change just the name to Veterinary Nurse was defeated in Indiana yesterday.


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Features and Columns · Movies
A Cold Pint of Beer Sits at the End of Our Pick of the Week
Plus 9 more new releases to watch at home this week on Blu-ray/DVD!
By Rob Hunter · Published on March 23rd, 2021
Streaming might be the future, but physical media is still the present. It's also awesome, depending on the title, the label, and the release, so each week we take a look at the new Blu-rays and DVDs making their way into the world. Welcome to this week in Home Video for March 23rd, 2021!
This week's home video selection includes some WWII classics from the UK, some new 4K upgrades, and more. Check out our picks below.
Ice Cold in Alex
What is it? A British soldier is trapped behind enemy lines.
Why see it? The great J. Lee Thompson directs this late 50s survival thriller starring John Mills as a captain left behind in a Libyan city that's fallen under enemy control. He's forced into traveling through dangerous territory in the hopes of escape, and along with a ragtag group of survivors it becomes a life and death journey. There's a humanity on display here, both in his stated goal — a cold beer in a safe city — and in the heroic actions taken by those around him, and all of it works to make this a solidly entertaining and affecting thriller.
[Extras: interviews]
The Dam Busters
What is it? Military personnel struggle to create a particular bomb.
Why see it? There's a reason Peter Jackson wanted to do a big budget remake of this British classic, and it's due entirely to his love for the film's blend of character and spectacle. The Brits are at an impasse and one man believes he can create a bomb capable of destroying a monstrous dam — by skipping across the water — and the film explores his efforts up through its eventual execution. It's an exciting look at ambition and confidence in the face of adversity with some strong character work behind it.
[Extras: Documentaries, featurettes]
Doc [KL Studio Classics]
What is it? The true story of the OK Corral.
Why see it? The story of Wyatt Earp, Doc Holliday, and the shootout at the OK Corral has hit the screen numerous times before, but Frank Perry's riff on the topic goes to some unique places. For one thing, the heroes of the tale aren't exactly as you're expecting. For another, Stacy Keach is every bit as charismatic as Holliday as Val Kilmer is in Tombstone. No small feat! Harris Yulin gets more to chew on than usual too, and the action manages to land with heavy thrills.
[Extras: New 2K master, commentary]
What is it? Civilians step up during World War II.
Why see it? Christopher Nolan remade this late 50s war epic and delivered something both thrilling and affecting, but the original remains equally as great. John Mills and Richard Attenborough headline a tale about personal choices and national responsibility, and there are some dramatic journeys along the way . Director Leslie Norman captures moments both intimate and epic, and the film delivers an inspiring tale of humanity doing good in the face of evil.
[Extras: Documentary, interview]
Gattaca [4K UltraHD]
What is it? A thriller about identity, genetics, and deceit.
Why see it? Andrew Niccol's filmography leans towards science fiction and morality, and his late 90s thriller fits the bill nicely with the story of a world where our DNA separates those with potential from the rest. Ethan Hawke plays a man cheating the system in the hopes of going up into space, but a murder interferes with his plans and puts a countdown clock on his dreams. It's a suspenseful ride that only feels slightly removed from our own near future, and Niccol's sci-fi world looks stunning in 4K.
[Extras: Featurettes, documentary, deleted scenes, outtake]
What is it? A man's premature death leads him to discover what's truly important in life.
Why see it? Pixar films are beloved on an annual basis, but I'd be lying if I said I loved some of their recent output — Inside Out included because Sadness can go to hell. Soul is a different story, though, as it's a beautiful, affecting, and warm look at the importance of recognizing the things of value within ourselves. The score is fantastic, the visuals are nothing less than gorgeous and playful, and the message is endlessly true. This is a fantastic film.
[Extras: Commentary, deleted scenes, featurettes]
The Bloodhound
What is it? A new take on an old classic.
Why see it? Edgar Allan Poe's The Fall of the House of Usher is the basis for this new film, and while the filmmakers make it their own Poe's touch remains throughout. It's a slowburn tale about madness and depression, and while it's an indie affair the attention to production design and atmosphere shows a filmmaker with both talent and concern for the story he's telling. The familiarity ends up being its biggest issue, but genre fans unconcerned with that aspect will want to seek it out.
[Extras: Commentary, featurette, short films]
Crossed Swords [KL Studio Classics]
What is it? A retelling of The Prince and the Pauper, but with swords!
Why see it? Mark Twain's classic tale has been brought to the screen multiple times before, and this late 70s entry finds both fun and action in the premise. Oliver Reed as a heroic rogue helps, and Richard Fleischer's direction keeps things lively. Add in some supporting roles brought to life by George C. Scott, Ernest Borgnine, Raquel Welch, Rex Harrison, Sybil Danning, and more, and you have a fun 70s adventure film.
[Extras: New 4K master, commentary, interview, theatrical and international cuts]
Shoot Out [KL Studio Classics]
What is it? An aging gunfighter seeks revenge.
Why see it? Gregory Peck is always worth watching, and here he plays a gunfighter left for dead and left to serve time in prison by an unseemly accomplice. His release sees him hungry for revenge, but his journey brings him in contact with a young girl who might just help him turn his life around. It's a solid western that never strays outside the expected lines.
[Extras: Commentary]
Showdown [KL Studio Classics]
What is it? Two old friends on opposite sides of the law reunite.
Why see it? Rock Hudson and Dean Martin make for an engaging pair as old friends who found differing paths in life. Hudson went clean as a small town sheriff, and Martin has teamed up with some unruly train robbers. Their choices bring them back to face off with each other, and it's all complicated further by their love for the same woman. There are some engaging interactions here, and it all builds to a set-piece unfolding during a spreading wildfire. It's a good one.
Also out this week:
Cosmoball, Event Horizon [Scream Factory], Godzilla [4K UltraHD], The Kaiser of California, News of the World, The Undoing, World of Wong Kar Wai [Criterion Collection]
Related Topics: Home Video
Rob Hunter has been writing for Film School Rejects since before you were born, which is weird seeing as he's so damn young. He's our Chief Film Critic and Associate Editor and lists 'Broadcast News' as his favorite film of all time. Feel free to say hi if you see him on Twitter @FakeRobHunter.
How to Un-F*ck Your Default TV Settings
He sees you when you have motion blurring. He knows when you're using proprietary modes that came with your TV. (Yes, we're talking about Tom Cruise).
A Fast and Furious History of the Home Theater
Let's all go to the living room … let's all go to the living room …
Tom Cruise Flies Into Our Home Video Pick of the Week
Plus 7 more new releases to watch at home this week on UHD, Blu-ray, and DVD!
Yup, Jordan Peele's Latest is Our Home Video Pick of the Week
Plus 21 more new releases to watch at home this week on UHD, Blu-ray, and DVD!


Camp Reach is an outreach focused event to the Lonsdale community. We hope to reach into many aspects of these children's lives. We want to reach into their aspirations, giving them more than just the situations they are living. We want to reach into their community, teaching them about their purpose, value, and hope. But most importantly, we want them to Reach for something and Someone more, finding their true identity in Jesus. You can have a significant role in the lives of these kids by simply making yourself available to serve.
Sign ups to serve at Camp Reach will be in the Lobby Sundays, April 29 and May 6.


The Beurer Heated Sofa Cushion offers you year-round therapeutic relief by providing soothing heating relief straight to where you need it most.
Simply snuggle in and melt tight muscles to help provide much needed relief after a long day. You can also remove the cushion's insert to easily transform the unit into a versatile heat pad. Also, the TURBO SPEED feature proves extremely beneficial for those times you're seeking instant relief to sore and tired muscles and joints.


to address some methodological concerns raised by Experiments 1 and 2.
Oi, M., Saito, H., Li, Z., & Zhao, W.
gesture production, and the left pSTS is modulated by the speech load.
Liu, T., Saito, H., Oi, M., & Pelowski, M.
performer's cognitive appraisal of a copresent observer.
Suegami, T. and Laeng, B.
spatial-categorical information in a non-verbal semantic format.


In sports, chalk talk is a method of teaching a team on a chalkboard or whiteboard the sport, the plays and how to excel as a team.
Founded in 1995 by a Mom (Julie) in her garage, ChalkTalk SPORTS® began with a line of hockey and lacrosse t-shirts and a hockey board game.
Ongoing inspiration came from their travels with their 3 sons to hockey, lacrosse and soccer games and track meets. Between school, games and practices, t-shirts were printed, and orders were filled…it was truly a family effort.
Fast forward to 2003 and ChalkTalkSPORTS.com was launched. Within the next few years, the company grew rapidly and Tom (her husband) and their sons, Ryan and Chris, joined the company. The four of them assembled an amazing team of talented and passionate people dedicated to providing the best products to celebrate the sport's lifestyle.
Now, ChalkTalk SPORTS® designs and manufactures unique products for over 25 sports, as well as for its sister sites, GoneForaRun.com and LulaLax.com.
ChalkTalk SPORTS® is a lifestyle brand that celebrates the pure joy that playing a sport brings by uniting players, families and friends.
We've held onto the spirit with which we began, designing thoughtful and unique products that speak to the sports people love. We proudly design and decorate all our products in this great country. Our passion is sports and it continues to be the drive at ChalkTalk SPORTS® , to support and celebrate the sport lifestyle in the lives of players, families and friends. And, our office and fulfillment center are strategically located next to playing fields, tennis courts and an ice hockey rink — yeah, we still love to go out and play!
We care about giving back. We believe in the power of sports to build healthy minds, strong bodies and close family ties.
We are committed to sharing the gift of sports with our community outreach programs that include supporting various youth sports programs, sponsoring sports events, and donating to the less fortunate. In addition, we have donated over 9,000 pairs of athletic socks to the homeless and kids in need.
Our Play it Forward campaigns are an important part of the ChalkTalk SPORTS® mission.


Westminster City Council has won its legal fight to block a section of a cycle superhighway, in the latest setback for Sadiq Khan's cycling network project.
The council is celebrating the outcome after a series of legal battles as a win for local residents worried about Cycle Superhighway CS11 shifting existing traffic out of the way only to cause congestion and affect air quality elsewhere.
However a spokesman for the London Mayor said he was disappointed at the decision, accusing Westminster of being "hostile to making cycler safer".
"The finger of blame should be pointed at Westminster Council who have gone out of their way to frustrate plans for a safer cycling route from Swiss Cottage into the West End," he said.
The battle over the construction of the Swiss Cottage stretch of CS11 closely followed the council's move to block Mr Khan's pedestrianisation of Oxford Street project.
On Wednesday (February 6) the High Court threw out TfL's appeal request, upholding a judge's ruling that it cannot proceed with CS11 without considering traffic and air quality impacts.
CS11 is located in Camden, but the superhighway continues into the roads controlled by Westminster, around Regent's Park, to the West End.
It would mean the removal of the Swiss Cottage gyratory, which TfL has said is a dangerous piece of road, in order to transform the environment for pedestrians and cyclists.
While there was 60 per cent support for CS11, residents had raised concerns about the effects of traffic being potentially displaced around Regent's Park.
Last July a court allowed the council's eleventh-hour bid for an injunction to halt works about to begin that month at Swiss Cottage, until Westminster's concerns could be heard via judicial review.
The council's cabinet member for environment and city management Cllr Tim Mitchell said the council was pleased at the High Court's decision.
He said it backed "residents' right to be heard on CS11".
"We're worried that CS11 in its current form will cause traffic congestion and lead to poorer air quality," he added.
London's existing segregated bike paths to separate cyclists from traffic were the brainchild of former Mayor, Boris Johnson. Mr Khan has continued to roll them out.
The council says it has requested traffic modelling data from TfL for over three years, but is yet to receive it.
Westminster said it will be seeking costs from TfL. Both plan to meet to discuss the next steps.
Director for strategy and network development, Ben Plowden, said TfL was disappointed there were no appeal options left.
"It is frustrating that our plans for reducing road danger at this junction have been blocked by Westminster Council's decision to litigate rather than working collaboratively with us," he said.


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The Struggle Continues may refer to:
 The Struggle Continues (Looptroop album), 2002
 The Struggle Continues (Dewey Redman album), 1982
 The Struggle Continues (Link 80 album), 2000
 The Struggle Continues (Yung Child Support album), 2017

See also
 Lotta Continua


Due to the European directive on chemicals (REACh), cadmium and hard chromium coatings, produced from highly toxic and carcinogenic baths, must be replaced by "green" solutions until 2016, the date when their use will only be possible under severe restrictions and regulations. So far alternatives already exist and are commercially available, the turn to non-critical, fully "green" coating processes and surfaces is far away from being completed. Indeed, most of the substituting coatings contain nickel or cobalt and are obtained by using harmful and allergenic salts which have already been listed as such in the REACh documents. Anticipating the consequences in the near future, their use in the next generation of surface treatments has to be avoided and substitutes with at least equal or even better properties have to be introduced.
The present project aims at preparing the second generation of environmentally-compliant coatings for steel components in the aeronautic sector, which is the most demanding in terms of safety and quality management. Thus, the results are a benchmark for other sectors, such as automotive, infrastructure and transporting, provided that the production costs are kept in mind.
Al and AlMn based coatings, produced by thermal spraying, galvanic deposition, PVD and CVD techniques, will be developed as a "green" replacement for Cd in order to provide long lasting corrosion protection to the underlying steel parts.
Substitution of hard Cr from Cr(VI) electrolytes on steel components, submitted to wear constraints, will be developed via thermal spraying of carbides embedded in a "green" Co-free matrix, via electrodeposition of Cr from Cr(III) electrolytes and via thin film techniques generating carbides, nitrides and DLC coatings.
The project consortium focuses its work on the development and optimization of coating formulations which benefit adhesion, compatibility and environmental resistance of technological steels. The functionality of the coatings will be investigated using standard corrosion and wear measurements (proof of concept). Simultaneously, ISO norm qualification methods will ensure that the deposition process does not impair the structural behaviour of the steel parts. Finally, an assessment of the developed technology performance will provide an advisory plan for coating manufacturers and end-users (materials/processes/functionality).
A well balanced consortium of 9 European research institutions and associations with SMEs in Poland, Belgium and Germany brings a high expertise level in coating technologies, surface and process engineering, environmental issues, aeronautic techniques and mechanical testing. The consortium from three nations represents the complete value chain, starting from materials over coating technologies to the coating of complex parts and the techno-economic evaluation including environmental issues. The investigations are pre-competitive due to the presently unsolved technical challenges for paving the way to next generation green coatings.
The project outcomes will benefit specifically to European SMEs which are direct subcontractors in the above-mentioned sectors. As a precompetitive project, it provides alternative technologies to SMEs to overcome European regulations and to expand their business to other applications. Moreover, the value is for a wide range of industrial production and, from the societal point of view, the project results can keep European SMEs competitive and support industrial activities and jobs at the coaters and processing industry sites.
DGO Deutsche Gesellschaft für Galvano- und Oberflächentechnik e. V.
wurde über die AiF im Rahmen des Programms zur Förderung der industriellen Gemeinschaftsforschung (IGF) vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie aufgrund eines Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages gefördert.
für Galvano- und Oberflächentechnik e. V.


Are you selecting furniture in your living room? And have you ever already chosen your espresso desk? If not, then we might be able to allow you to with these 15 authentic examples for the modern espresso desk . The tables we now have chosen to current are all extra stunning and artistic than one another and can remodel your living room into a pleasant and trendy place.


The one and only requirement is to have a penchant for TELANGANA.
We should feel the urge to have a common group to share, grow, perpetuate and permeate. I'm sure everybody is unique and have their own set of interests, taste but we probably do cross roads with each other (as in physically in our day-to-day commute and in our interests, needs, and wants). There is nothing like an absolute conglomeration of unified diversity.
So when and if you come across this and feel the same way or not…………….take a plunge and be a part of what you are and will be! Wherever you live in Tri valley and whatever you do come celebrate TELANGANAM. Do not forget to record your email in your response and spread the word to your friends and relatives.
Create and garner new friendships; support existing and new families/individuals in the area; guide the younger ones; share the cultural givings; professional, social chit-chats; common good of Telangana.
Let's get this going and help all our fellow Telanganas along with our own self.


Vancouver, British Columbia is known for its culture and quality of life. Ranked high on many lists for livability, Vancouver has a lot to offer its residents. If you're moving to Vancouver, check out this guide for information about the city and finding the Vancouver apartment rental that meets your needs.
From art galleries to museums to concerts, Vancouver is a hub for arts and culture. You can catch performances by the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra and Vancouver Opera, or you can take in a dramatic performance by one of the many theatre companies in the city. Large venues like the GM Place and Pacific Coliseum draw popular performing artists. Additionally, there's an alternative music scene, so you can be one of the first to see emerging bands when you rent a Vancouver apartment.
Employment opportunities in Vancouver are varied, but you'll definitely need a job to pay your Vancouver apartment rent. Some major industries in Vancouver include tourism, service, fishing, forestry, mining, and agriculture. Vancouver is a major film production location and has a growing technology industry. The Port of Vancouver is a major part of Vancouver's economy. The city's higher-learning institutes, like the University of British Columbia, also employ a significant number of residents.
Vancouver apartment rentals and homes are significantly more expensive than residences in other cities. An average Vancouver home costs around $700,000, which is well above the average in Toronto. There are different neighborhoods throughout the city that offer different types of housing. Check for Vancouver apartment rentals and condos in the Coal Harbor and Yaletown areas of downtown. Look near the college campuses located in Vancouver for small Vancouver apartments or rooms for rent. You can also find high-rise Vancouver apartments for rent mixed in with commercial buildings in urban areas. Regardless of where you rent a Vancouver apartment, you may want to consider a roommate or two to help defray costs of your new apartment.