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Actress Tells of Terror After Threats : Violence: Theresa Saldana says man who stabbed her is still a danger. He is on trial for allegedly sending letters promising to kill her.
From United Press International
Actress Theresa Saldana testified Tuesday she was terrified that the man who nearly killed her in 1982 could carry out his alleged death threats because he had befriended criminals who could harm her.
Arthur Jackson, 55, a Scottish drifter, is charged with five felony counts of threatening a victim of a crime for allegedly sending seven letters to Saldana in March, 1988, threatening to kill her if she did not meet certain demands by a specified deadline.
"The most frightening aspect about them (the threats) is that for the first time since this (attempted murder) happened, he (Jackson) stated he had other people in place to murder me," testified Saldana, wearing her signature chiffon scarf tied in a bow at the top of her head to keep her long, dark hair off her face.
Jackson was convicted in 1983 and sentenced to 12 years in prison for stabbing Saldana with a five-inch knife outside her West Hollywood apartment on March 15, 1982. He was parolled earlier this year but never released from custody because of the new charges stemming from the letters.
Jackson could be sentenced to 10 years in prison if convicted of all counts stemming from the letters.
During cross-examination, public defender Norman Kava asked Saldana why, if she knew that Jackson would not be released from prison at the end of his sentence in 1988 because he faced a murder charge in England, she believed he could kill her.
"I believe someone who stabs someone 10 times is capable of being in contact with terrorist organizations," replied Saldana, who has appeared in "Raging Bull" and in an autobiographical television film.
She also said she believed that he could carry out his threats because he had referred in letters to "friendships with criminals and murderers."
Under questioning from Deputy Dist. Atty. Susan Gruber, Saldana noted that Jackson knew the address of her family and said: "I felt my life was in grave danger and the safety of my family was in danger.
"I also watched my family's reaction (to the letters) and my father's death within a few weeks of his having seen the letters."
Saldana, who was near tears but unusually composed compared with previous court appearances, said Jackson's letters were delivered to a British reporter who gave them to a producer who delivered them to a security consultant she hired.
"I remember it (one of the letters) saying that he swore on the ashes of his dead mother and the scars of Theresa Saldana that he would complete his divine mission of killing me, and that he discussed better ways of killing me so he wouldn't fail the next time," Saldana said.
She said the letters terrified her to the point of causing her insomnia, nightmares, numb feet and hands, and required her to be hospitalized for 5 1/2 weeks. She said she then had to return to the psychiatric therapy she underwent after the 1982 attack.


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Q: How to fix: Golang "append" method pushing same elements to slice I'm trying to map data from DB ( Mongo ) to slice in go , and everythin works fine if I'm returning simple []string but if I change type to []*models.Organization that code returns slice of same elements.
func (os *OrganizationService) GetAll() ([]*models.Organization, error) {
    var organizations []*models.Organization
    results := os.MongoClient.Collection("organizations").Find(bson.M{})
    organization := &models.Organization{}
    for results.Next(organization) {
        fmt.Println(organization)
        organizations = append(organizations, organization)
    }
    return organizations, nil
}

I expect output [{ Name: "someOrg", ID: "someId" },{ Name: "someOrg2", ID: "someID }, ... ] , but actual output is  [{ Name: "someOrg", ID: "someId" },{ Name: "someOrg", ID: "someId" }, ... ]
I'm using bongo package.

A: The application appends the same value of organization on every iteration through the loop. Fix by creating a new value inside the loop.
func (os *OrganizationService) GetAll() ([]*models.Organization, error) {
    var organizations []*models.Organization
    results := os.MongoClient.Collection("organizations").Find(bson.M{})
    organization := &models.Organization{}
    for results.Next(organization) {
        fmt.Println(organization)
        organizations = append(organizations, organization)
        organization = &models.Organization{} // new value for next iteration
    }
    return organizations, nil
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Big Push Launches Canada-Wide Pitch and Pair Program to Accelerate the Growth of Women-led Technology Companies
TORONTO — February 12, 2019 — The Big Push, a business accelerator that provides women-led technology companies with access to expert resources in a unique "sweat for equity" business model, is launching its Pitch and Pair program across Canada. The Pitch and Pair program matches promising women-led technology startups with The Big Push experts. The program provides the opportunity for startups to present their company and identify their specific acceleration needs and priorities in front of an audience of experts that are willing to roll up their sleeves and provide the services required. Pitch and Pair events have been scheduled to take place in Montreal (March 2019), Vancouver (June 2019), and Ottawa (October 2019).
"This is more than just one evening of networking," says Sharon Zohar, founder and CEO of The Big Push. "Each Pitch and Pair program takes place following an extensive due diligence process where each person in the room – including startup founders and experts – undergo extensive vetting by The Big Push Investment and Recruitment Committees. Everyone selected to attend understands their role as an active participant in the evening: startups showcase their business and identify the areas in which they require support, and experts pick the company they would most like to work with. Following the event, startups and experts are paired and the work begins."
Investment Selection Committee
The investment selection committee responsible for vetting the startups is comprised of leading Canadian venture capital firms and accelerators, including Disruption Ventures, a technology fund that invests in early-stage companies led or founded by women. Elaine Kunda, serial entrepreneur, founder and Managing Director of Disruption Ventures, will lead a fireside chat with the 10 startups participating in the upcoming Pitch and Pair event in Montreal. Commenting on her involvement, Kunda explains that, "This is a great opportunity, not only for women but for the Canadian economy as a whole. We need to do things differently to change course and support entrepreneurs in this underserved market. I am very much aligned with the mission of The Big Push to make this happen."
Real Ventures, a leading early-stage venture capital firm, is a recognized community partner offering resource support and deal flow for The Big Push Pitch and Pair programs. According to Isaac Souweine, Partner at Real Ventures, "The Big Push aims to build a more diverse ecosystem and we think their unique take on acceleration, which goes way beyond the traditional model of mentorship to provide hands-on support, has great potential. We look forward to supporting The Big Push as they bring their model to Montreal."
Other community partners participating in the investment selection committee include Panache Ventures, a seed-stage venture capital fund with a strong commitment to diversity; and, The Holt Accelerator, a fintech accelerator program based in Montreal.
What is a Pitch and Pair Event?
The first Pitch and Pair event took place in Toronto in October 2018. It resulted in more than $1.75 million in services being offered to startups led or founded by women. The Big Push has created a differentiated formula that brings together 10 promising women-led companies with more than 200 highly vetted senior experts from within The Big Push community for one evening of 'match making'. Each event is designed to help accelerate the growth of presenting companies by embedding a team of experts over a 9-month acceleration period. The experts commit to a minimum of 15 hours of service each month, providing "hands-on" work in their respective areas of expertise (e.g., sales, marketing, public relations, recruitment, finance etc.). The value of services provided through the acceleration period ranges from $150,000 to $250,000.
The Big Push Pitch and Pair Montreal
On March 26, 2019, The Big Push will bring its acceleration model to Montreal with the support and sponsorship of Finance Montreal. The event will take place at Deloitte from 5:30-8:30pm. For more information about the Montreal Pitch and Pair, and how to apply as an expert or startup, contact Corinne Surur, Program Executive at The Big Push Montreal Chapter, at pitchandpairmontreal@gmail.com
Nationwide Livestream Events
The Big Push will provide exclusive opportunities to vetted experts that attended the Toronto program to participate in the Montreal event via livestream. Goodmans LLP, a leading law firm in the technology sector, is once again a sponsor of the event and will host a livestream of the event in their Toronto office.
As scheduled launches of the Pitch and Pair program hit cities across Canada, The Big Push will provide the host sponsor of past events the opportunity to livestream the program, culminating in a final Pitch and Pair event to be held in Toronto later in 2019 where 10 of the most promising women-led Canadian startups will pitch to nearly 1,000 participating experts from The Big Push.
About The Big Push
The Big Push is a business accelerator that gets early-stage, women-founded technology companies investment ready using a service for equity model. With support from The Big Push, early-stage companies can scale faster without the need to pay for additional labour costs. Hands-on services, support, and resources are provided to women-led or women-founded technology startups through a collective of senior executives with expertise across key practice areas spanning finance, design, law, research, sales, public relations, software development, recruitment, and marketing. For additional information, visit thebigpush.ca.
Jodi Echakowitz
Boulevard PR
Jodi@boulevardpr.com
Copyright 2017 The Big Push - Email us at admin@thebigpush.ca

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A double bed with storage or full bed has a mattress that is 54 inches wide and 75 inches tall, or four feet six inches wide and six feet three inches tall. The size is standardized throughout the United States, although it may differ from mattress sizes in countries using the metric system. A double bed is exactly the same length as a double mattress, but it is 15 inches wider. It is also 15 inches wider than a twin extra-long, although it is five inches shorter. Double beds are usually compared to queen-size beds, which are six inches wider and five inches longer than a double bed.
King size beds are significantly larger than double bed with storage, as Standard King is 22 inches wider and five inches longer. The California King Mattress is also much larger than a double bed, at 18 inches wider and nine inches longer. Most couples will find that a double bed is not big enough for two people to sleep comfortably over a long time. This is because there are only 27 inches in width per person, a whole foot smaller than on a twin mattress. In addition, a double bed is not long enough for many adults, and people over five feet six inches tall are likely to end up with their feet hanging over the end of the mattress.


We have two powerboat class sessions scheduled before the racing heats up (and unfortunately before the weather cools off!).
31 Aug is an "Accelerated" course. If you already have powerboat experience, you can take the Boat US Course online found here, then come challenge the US Sailing test, and then we'll go out on the water and do some drills to prove your seaworthiness.
The next "full class" is being offered the evening of 5 Sept for the classroom portion and then 14 Sept for the on the water portion.
Either way, please go to this link to sign up.
Each course is limited to 12 students, so please sign up today!


Begyle Brewing's Kevin Cary unearths his long-awaited Austrian counter-pressure growler filler with a little help from Stephen Roginson, the brewer and entrepreneur behind Batch Brewing Company out of Detroit. I'm taking Stephen around to some of Chicago's newest start-ups so he can pick some brains. But of course, he ended up getting his hands dirty in the process.


Parents would do anything for their children, even giving up their own life for them. In every day life are the little things that show the affection and unconditional love a parent has for their children. Like forcing them to eat healthy, going to a kids park for them, doctor visits and so on. As much as parents love their children, being on top of the chain has its perks and a big one is that we do not have to worry about being safe or being eaten by another animal.
But in the wild animal kingdom the danger is constant, leaving animal parents with the sense of fear and need for protection toward their young ones. The type of actions they have to take on a daily basis make you realize that what we do as parents is nothing compared to the sacrifices they go through.
#1 Did you knew that young orangutans are carried by their mother up when they are 5 years old. The reason behind this is because they grow up extremely slow and for the first two years of his life carrying them around is a most. Among them there are some young's that are carried even up to five years old by their mother. As for breastfeeding, they nurse them until they are 8 years old.
#2 Female octopus starves herself to death so she can protect her eggs. They lay hundreds of tiny eggs in crevices and rocky overhangs. They do not leave their sight until the entire incubation period is over protecting their eggs fiercely. One octopus, observed by the scientist took up to 53 months to hatch. By that time the mother octopus died due to the prolonged starvation and exhaustion.
#3 An interesting fact is that alligators and crocodiles in order to protect and transport their babies they carry them in their mouth. Yes you read it right! Female crocodiles can carry up to 15 young crocodiles in their mouth.
#4 Elephant herds have more females counting than males. These females are led by a more experienced matriarch. The female elephants are known under the name 'cow'. They help other young female elephants by delegating some of their responsibilities when it comes to the well being of their little ones. Not only does this help young new moms but more importantly, it teaches them important skills that they will use to teach a young female like them self one day when they grow older.
#5 Koalas only source of food are eucalyptus leaves, that can be very poisonous to many other animals. And so when a baby koala is born can not yet tolerate the leaves. To build their resistance little by little, their mother feeds them with its own feces. Only after six months, after the koala has been feed with her mothers milk, feces and grown in her pouch, can start to eat leaves on her own.
#6 Male seahorses are the ones that fertilize, carry and hatch the eggs. They can carry up to 2000 eggs from their female partners. They continue carrying for them even after they hatch, to help them adjust to the salinity of the ocean.
#7 An interesting fact about penguins is that the female emperor goes off to the see for 2 months to feed after laying their eggs. In the meantime their male mates are left to incubate and hatch the eggs. They can not move until their eggs hatch, going up to 64 days without eating nothing. Even after the eggs hatch, is the males responsibility to keep the baby safe from the zero below temperatures of the Arctic. They huddle in huge colonies together, to keep warm. It is a known fact, that they lose up to 44 pounds before their mates come back to take over with the parenthood.
#8 The sandgrouse bird flies long distances just to drink water. They live in sub-Saharan Africa and due to the extremely high temperatures, water is hard to find. And when the little ones are too weak to fly on their own, the male sandgrouse uses his absorbent feathers to soak up water, from were he flies to get it, and than uses it to feed his thirsty chicks.
#9 The Pacific gray whale migrates thousands of miles starting from the Arctic to tropical waters to breed. Although warmer waters do not offer as much nutrition goods as the cold ones, they do offer safety from the predators. During the nursing faze, the mother whale loses up to 8 tons of her body weight due to the lack of food.
Normally dolphins sleep from 5 to 8 hours a day. For the first month the calf along with the mother dolphin stay awake almost the entire time until the baby adapts to the normal sleeping patterns.


Feuds between neighbors aren't a pretty sight, especially when they involve galaxies. The image above shows 3C321, a system of two galaxies orbiting each other. Data collected by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory shows that both galaxies have super massive black holes at their centers. The two galaxies are 20,000 light years apart, which is relatively close on the cosmic scale.
However, the larger galaxy's central black hole is in the process of obliterating its neighbor by emitting a jet of high-energy X-rays and gamma rays that is tearing through the smaller galaxy. Traveling at nearly the speed of light, these supercharged particles would be deadly to any planets in their way. Their atmospheres would be completely stripped by the radiation and high-energy particles combination.
While jet-spewing black holes are not a rare sight, this is the only case of one destroying a neighboring galaxy. According to astrophysicists, this destruction would ultimately lead to creation as the influx of energy could trigger the formation of new stars and planets once the two galaxies drift farther away from each other.
However, the outcome of this battle was decided long ago as the galaxy system is located 1.4 billion light years away from Earth.


How DNA sequencing provided the evidence that humans and Neanderthals interbred.
Brian Cox and Robin Ince are joined by Ross Noble to ask whether humans are truly unique.
Brian Cox and Robin Ince ask whether human beings are still evolving?
Brian Cox and Robin Ince celebrate Christmas with Mark Gatiss and Steve Jones.
Brian Cox, Robin Ince and guests ask whether science needs war to drive it.
Marcus Brigstocke joins Brian Cox and Robin Ince to discuss the role of science mavericks.
Brian Cox and Robin Ince are joined by Ross Noble to look at how modern humans evolved.
Brian Cox and Robin Ince are joined by Shappi Khorsandi and ask 'What is race?'.


Pincho, or "Pintxo" (wikipedia)= a snack typically eaten in bars with friends and relatives, traditional in northern Spain and especially popular in the Basque country… and with the McLivelys.
Northern Spain has the reputation of having the BEST food in a country where you will eat well anywhere you go, so we were really excited to start eating our way along the coast. It only took one stop at a pintxo bar before we fell in love. First of all, each bar has between 6 to 20 different types of pintxos on display, each one skewered with a toothpick onto a piece of bread. Unlike America where every food is scanned, bar-coded and tabulated, their system is based on the honor code– you just pick up whatever pintxos you want and then when you're ready to leave you count your toothpicks and tell the bar tender what you had. I love this Lockesian view of consumers.
Of the 50 or so pintxos we tried in four days, here's the Hall of Fame: cod with onion confit; jamon serrano with goat cheese and apricot marmelade; crab salad; skewer of a pickle stuffed with bonito tuna and wrapped in a roasted pepper and anchovy; ham popsicle (cured ham on a stick, coated in bechamel, breaded and fried); tiny spaghetti-sized eels sauteed in garlic and chili; and octopus in paprika.
We did do some things besides eat. We stopped in Comillas and visited the "Caprichio de Gaudi", a beautifully unique home he designed (the only one he designed outside of Catalunya). The theme of the home is sunflowers, not only in the obvious sunflower tiles on the exterior of the house, but also in the overall layout of the rooms which, like a sunflower, follow the movement of the sun based on the room's purpose (bedroom on the east side to wake up with the sun, dining room on the south side to enjoy the sun during the large afternoon meal, and salon on the west side to enjoy the sunset).
Mike got us a beautiful room in a rural house that was in the middle of Basque countryside. There was quite literally one bar in this town, and then a few houses and sheep… GORGEOUS. From here we were in a great spot to explore the countyside and coastline for a few days.
Nearby was the town of Gernika, the town portrayed in Picasso's famous painting "Guernica." Hitler, under Franco's approval, obliterated the town and its innocent civilians in an airstrike that was the first example of "total war" in our history. The town is completely reconstructed now and is quite beautiful, but our visit to the "Peace Museum" was a sobering experience.
Next we did a driving and hiking route through the villages of the northern coast. One of the highlights was the small town of Mundaka, where every space close to the water was filled with "opportunistic sunbathers," local townspeople taking advantage of the uncharacteristically sunny coastal day.
The other highlight was the hike we did out to an islet, on which is perched a beautiful little church filled with maritime motifs.
Despite the fact that we were running all over, hiking, and "aprovecharing" our time here, we still felt like we got into the slower, quieter style of life here where you have time to sit on a park bench, take a walk through the countryside, and sip pacharan with a friendly bartender.
Next, we headed on to Bilbao and San Sebastian, but more on that in the next post.
Thanks ladybug! Hope all is well there and with you!


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Home > Blog > Here is What's to Know About Vacant Buildings & Insurance
Here is What's to Know About Vacant Buildings & Insurance
According to website statista, the 2016 average vacancy rate for offices to 12.3 percent nationwide, over 9 percent of retail spaces and 10.2 percent industrial spaces were vacant. When buildings contain no occupants or personal property, they become susceptible to a variety of problems.
There are approximately 31,000 fires in vacant buildings annually, resulting in dozens of deaths, hundreds of firefighter injuries, and an average $642 million in property damage.
Vacant buildings receive little or no maintenance, attention, or security. This can lead to problems such as:
With no security on the premises, the building becomes a target for vandals. Vacant buildings frequently wind up with broken windows and graffiti-covered walls.
Fixtures and materials inside the building, such as copper piping, may attract thieves.
Vacant buildings can become convenient hang-outs for young people or shelters for homeless people; they also can become centers of criminal activity such as drug dealing.
Trespassers smoking on the premises, decayed wiring, arson, and production of illegal drugs like methamphetamines may cause fires in vacant buildings. In addition, automatic sprinkler systems may be shut off, allowing fires to spread, and lack of security prevents early detection.
Toxic substances remaining on the premises may leak and contaminate soil and groundwater.
Owners of vacant properties can take many steps to prevent these problems or make them less likely.
Visit the property at least weekly or hire a property management company to do so.
Clear the exterior of the building of scrap wood, paper, cardboard, and brush.
Remove any toxic substances that could contaminate the area or harm police or firefighters.
Maintain sidewalks and parking areas in good condition, and clear them of snow and ice.
Erect obstacles to keep vehicles and pedestrians out of the parking areas.
Hire security guards to watch the building at night and have exterior lighting turned on.
Maintain the heat or drain the plumbing system to keep pipes from bursting, but maintain at least a minimum temperature in areas protected by automatic sprinkler systems.
Maintain electricity to emergency lighting and exit signs.
Shut off utilities except where necessary to power desired lighting and alarm systems.
Maintain fire detection systems and link them to a central station monitoring service.
Buildings that are more than 69 percent vacant for more than 60 days lose some important insurance coverage. The standard commercial property insurance policy reduces loss payments by 15 percent for most causes of loss and does not cover others at all, including vandalism, water damage, glass breakage, and theft. For an additional premium, the building owner may be able to purchase vacancy permit coverage which reinstates some or all of this coverage for a specific period of time. An alternative, vacancy changes coverage, can reduce the minimum occupancy that the building must have before the insurance company will consider it vacant from the standard 31 percent. A professional insurance agent can identify companies that are willing to provide these coverages.
A vacant building is never a good situation, but with the proper precautions, the owner can maintain its value and keep it secure until new tenants move in.
Tags: vacant building insurance, insurance


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LIVE STREAM FREE TV CHANNEL
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Giants vs Buccaneers Live
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Watch NFL Games Today Live Stream Free Online on all platforms. With the help of newer technologies, it has become very easy to enjoy live games on gadgets. Fans can watch NFL Live stream online on their Ipad, Mac, Pc, laptop or any Android device.
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Giants vs. Buccaneers: Preview, predictions, what to watch for
The timing for Daniel Jones is fine, as the assignment of taking on the Buccaneers on the road is not exactly mission impossible. Maybe the improvement the Giants' defense showed in the second half last week is the start of an upward trend, and Jameis Winston coughs it up a few times. Eli Manning was far from the top of the list when it comes to what is wrong.
Want to know the best way to help Daniel Jones in his first NFL start? Keep pass-rushing demons such as Barrett off his back. Barrett did not develop into a sack artist in Denver (14 sacks in five years), but he signed a one-year deal with the Buccaneers and he already has four sacks — three coming in last week's victory in Carolina, when he abused left tackle Daryl Williams. Barrett's hit of Cam Newton on a key second-down play in the closing minutes was not a sack but forced Newton to throw the ball into the ground. Barrett is a speed guy who utilizes a standup rush, and if the massive Solder does not get his feet moving, there will be trouble.
"We take that very seriously protecting him and running the ball and all of the things that we need to do to be successful as an offense,'' Solder said.
Nothing about Giants shocks Evan Engram anymore
Back To Basics: James Bettcher showed as the defensive coordinator with the Cardinals that he could put a dangerous product on the field — as long as he had four or five stud players capable of carrying out his orders. Bettcher does not have that with the Giants, and the results in the first six quarters of this season were abysmal. Buccaneers coach Bruce Arians believed in Bettcher in Arizona when Arians had Bettcher on his staff and gave him a shot to run the defense.
"I think it takes time, especially for rookies,'' Arians said of Bettcher's system. "We played a couple of rookies and we had some issues in Arizona. It's an extremely sound system, but it does take some learning curve.''
The Giants are playing rookies and younger players, and it is abundantly clear Bettcher needs to not be dogmatic and to simplify his schemes.
Bomb Squad: There is no doubt Pat Shurmur covets Daniel Jones' ability to make plays with his legs and, for the first time in eons, there is now a run-pass option variable in the offense. Jones ran for 1,323 yards and scored 17 rushing touchdowns at Duke. No one is saying he is Michael Vick or Russell Wilson, but he can scoot when necessary. The Giants hope he also throws the ball down the field more readily than Manning did.
"That's something that's going to have to play out,'' tight end Evan Engram said. "DJ has a real good arm and he's accurate with the deep ball, so we'll see.''
No Rabbit Season: Cornerback Janoris Jenkins spoke the truth when he complained it is impossible for him to cover a receiver for 8-10 seconds and implored his teammates to get more pressure on the opposing quarterback. The Giants did not have a sack in the opener and got three last week against the Bills, so there is some progress. But Shurmur did not appreciate Jackrabbit's comments.
Daniel Jones is facing the last thing he wants to see
"I don't think he meant it in that way,'' rookie defensive lineman Dexter Lawrence told The Post. "He just meant it by everybody doing their job, everybody doing their one-eleventh. He meant no harm by it. We all respect him and he respects us. He mentioned it, he said 'You-all know me, you-all know I'm not like that.' It's over now.''
The Real Thing: This is no longer the vanilla defenses of the preseason for Jones. He showed he could thrive in those tepid situations. The heat is on now, in every sense. Buccaneers defensive coordinator (and former Jets coach) Todd Bowles makes a living eating up and spitting out rookie quarterbacks and will throw all he has at Jones. Simply handing it to Saquon Barkley might not work — the Bucs limited the Panthers to 39 rushing yards last week. Bowles is going to force Jones to throw it, and it's a good thing Jones has Sterling Shepard back after sitting out one game with a concussion.
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HORUS VOL II. Issue 2
Folklore: Its Stability and Self-correcting Power
Hildegard Wiencke-Lotz
[*!* Image: Is our fairy-tale Cinderella an echo of the historical Gudrun, epic heroine and Chief Judge of the Ancient Gothic Federation?]
Led by Homer's Iliad, in the year 1870, Heinrich Schliemann excavated a mound near Hissarlich expecting to find the remains of Troy. Although possibly mistaken about which of the many levels was Homer's Troy, his conviction that the Iliad contained more truth than fiction was vindicated, and the science of archaeology made a great step forward.
According to the consensus of scholars that the Gudrun Epic was little more than a fairy tale in three parts, of which the middle part possibly reflected some historical events. According to its style, it first was committed to writing in the 13th Century A.D. Hildegard Wiencke-Lotz has offered a new view of these traditions and their origins in the history of the ancient world. Through years of travel and study centered on the Gudrun stories, she has developed extensive evidence that the Gudrun Epic is an ancient oral tradition representing a unified whole which loses its meaning when the three parts are considered separately. She argues that the entire Gudrun Epic has a sound historical basis and that all specific places mentioned can be found where expected geographically, though their distribution covers a large geographic area. She has identified and visited the numerous places named in the tales and has traced the specific period of Gudrun's life in relation to Roman history.
Of special interest here is the role of community folklore in maintaining the continuity and accuracy of oral traditions of ancient cultures. Wiencke-Lotz presents insight into how this occurs by sharing her own observations and participation in European community folklore-telling sessions which recounted versions of the Gudrun Epic.
Each of eight clans originally involved played different roles in the history behind the tradition and told versions of the story from a unique points of view. By cross-comparisons of these various clan versions and from archaeological and historical evidence regarding specific places and events, Wiencke-Lotz reconstructed the various elements into a common whole.
The key to the historical solution of the traditions is that the Goths were not an ethnic group as is commonly supposed, but were more like a trade union or guild whose specialization and responsibility was government. They functioned as a large federation (Pliny the Elder described it as composed of 500 states) with representatives. At the helm of the government system was the Supreme Court and the heads of state were Judges. Wiencke-Lotz found documentation to this effect in the works of the Roman historian, Ammianus Marcellinus [see Rerum Gestarum Libri, Vol. 2, (Leipzig, 1978). trans. by W. Seyfarth]. Seyfarth specifically notes in the translation that Marcellinus clearly indicates the Gothic leaders did not wish to be called "King", but "Judge".
This article documents the stability of the repertoire of a folklore-telling community and shows in vital form one means by which some stories have managed to survive basically intact for millennia even though those who repeat the tales may long since have lost contact with the historical realities which gave rise to them. The alert reader will notice the similarity between details in the ancient tradition and the fanciful children's story of Cinderella. The experience and findings below were obtained and compiled by the writer between 1969 and 1984. -Ed. [from notes by W. J. Douglas]
A story telling
Lottie was almost a six-footer in the third grade, and we were friends from the start. 'Would you like to come home with me for supper and stay for the evening? It's ordinary fare, but you are welcome - you'll like it." When I accepted I did not know I was to have an unforgettable insight into a folklore-telling community.
Lottie's father and grandfather were Master Bakers, heading the "Zunft" (union). They employed about eight or so young lads, ranging in age from 12 to 19, and three or four journeymen. Lottie herself had four older brothers also in the business. A day in the bakery starts long before dawn, about 2:00 AM. When we arrived from school, Lottie charged right into a narrow room filled with bunkbeds where the lads had dropped for a well-earned nap. Not wasting any time, she took up here guitar and started a tune, varying tempo and volume at the proper time. She was an expert on the guitar and, half-speaking, half-singing, her voice had a certain mellow quality. As the lads awoke, they each joined in.
We helped set up the table - and what a table! Sawhorses and bakeboards filled the workroom, the kitchen and a spacious den, enough to seat 35 or more people along with the toddlers and older children. Lottie's mother ladled out soup and bread was broken and passed around in baskets. After the meal was eaten in relative silence, the baker spoke the gospel passage for the day, and all said the blessing. Then many gave a hand in removing the entire table setup and in setting up chairs along the walls, while others washed the dishes and returned them to their place in the cabinet.
Meanwhile, people from all over town filed in through the back door and found a place to sit; benches were added as needed. Some of the old folk stayed close to the two big tile stoves which radiated a gentle heat that soothed their arthritic limbs. Mothers rocked their babies and the children sat on the floor. Women without babies to rock were busy with darning, knitting, and sewing. I counted 24 but more were coming. The men in the baker's trade entered in the Sunday "uniform" - black pants, white shirts, and royal-blue aprons. The lads under 17 years of age sat with us on the scoured white-pine floor.
At last, when every one was present, Grandfather Bernhardt seated himself on a high stool a little off center, and took up his guitar. It was very quiet and the little ones gazed at him wide-eyed. He placed his fingers on the strings and started a tune, partly talking, partly singing or chanting. Then, with eyes twinkling mischievously, he went off the track, introducing something new. Immediately, there was a drastic interruption, even from the toddlers; "No, no, no, that is not right; he went in and kidnapped the lad..." The Master Baker nodded: "Oh, surely you are correct! I'm glad you listened; let me start that passage over again." When appropriate, we all sang or spoke along with him, shouting or whispering, or repeating the refrain. At the end of the story, or to give himself a break, he handed his guitar to one of his journeymen to take over.
A journeyman is a young man who has finished his apprenticeship and has moved on to another master where he stays until he has acquired his new master's skills. He must hold a journeyman's license from each master he's served, which includes letters of reference and his police record as a citizen. Without such documents, no one would hire him. When he had acquired the skills to pass the Master's test he was ready to become his own boss. To find a new master these young journeymen would travel with their reference letters across Europe, from Russia to France and from Norway to Italy. They not only spread recipes, but also the stories from their home province. At their new seasonal or yearly place of work they learned the stories indigenous there. By the time they had their own bakery they would have acquired a remarkable repertoire. Tonight, Master Baker Bernhardt gave his oldest journeyman a chance. All ears and eyes were intent to hear new stories from other parts of the world. Lottie and the lads grew up with Master Bernhardt's stories. Now was her chance to learn and try out new stories told by the journeyman.
This method of transmitting stories is ages old. Who wants to be called stupid or to be chided as forgetful? It was of utmost importance to remember the essentials; the names, the plot, and the rhythm which goes with the descriptions. When an illiterate story teller had a chance to see the inside of the palaces in Budapest, she was astonished to see in reality the splendor just as she had described it a thousand times over in her 80 years of story telling.
There is no argument with the assumption that the original manuscript of the Gudrun Epic had been preceded by a long period of oral tradition. Oral tradition for these peoples was the foundation of the educational system before literacy and formal education as we know it. Memory was trained during the folklore-telling sessions since earliest infancy as illustrated above. Transmission of the stories is amazingly precise and stable. Because of this 1 was able to locate the homeland of Gudrun and to establish the historical period in which she had lived.
The Gudrun Epic and the Gothic Federation
I mapped all the places in which the Gudrun stories were recorded. These included Yugoslavia, Austria, Greece and Asia Minor, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Denmark, England, Germany, France, Spain, and even Morocco and Tunisia. Further analysis showed that these stories were found exclusively in territories occupied at one time or another by the Goths.
In analyzing the components of these stories, it became quite evident that they could be divided into eight groups. Each of the eight clans - Friesians, Chauken, Anglo-Saxons, Franks, Warries (Thuringians), Langobardes, Danes and Wandals had their own version of the original events. The individual versions depended on the involvement of each clan in the original event, but the names of persons and places agreed in the various accounts. This led me to the conclusion that the event recorded must have taken place prior to the Migration of the Peoples, that is, before 250 A.D..
Research into the Germanic law codes of the 4th to Ilth Centuries A.D. by Almira and Eckhardt has led them to the conclusion that the eight Germanic clans had lived in a common federate system for at least 300 years prior to the Migration of the Peoples at 250 A.D. This conclusion was based on the high degree of commonality and development in their law codes. Since, according to the Gudrun Epic, Gudrun was founder of the Gothic Federation, the events recorded therein must have taken place as early as the Ist Century, B.C.
Some of the traditions mention Caesar by name. Julius Caesar, in his war reports to Rome, attests to his dealing with the Germanic peoples in 71 B.C. and in summer to late fall of 58 B.C., which synchronizes with the encounter of the Romans as described in the Gudrun Epic. Julius Caesar reports on Ariovistus (a title), its counterpart in Germanic being Herwig (ruler of the army). In the Gudrun Epic, Gudrun's husband was called Herwig. Caesar, in his reports to the city of Rome, mentions Ariovistus as the Suebian, and King of the Cimbrians, Danes, and of other Germanic clans. The accounts of Herwig in the Gudrun Epic coincides not only in the title, but also in every other detail, including Herwig/Ariovistus' withdrawal in the autumn of 58 B.C. while in a position militarily favorable for attack.
[*!* Image: Julius Caesar's war reports told of Ariovistus]
The Gudrun Epic was copied about 1500 A.D. when Emperor Maximilian authorized the collection of heroic tales. The collector claimed to have copied the legends precisely in the form he found them. There is no reason to doubt that he did just that with the Gudrun Epic. The original manuscript can be dated to about 1233 A.D. since the language in the story was in use at the beginning of the 13th Century.
The Gudrun Epic gives 36 place names which are obvious. However, on inspection at the sites, 1 was able with surprising ease to identify over 70 placenames. The place-names appear in clusters; the province, the capital, the assembly grounds, the courts, the township, the residence, the names of rivers, lakes, coastlines, and even oceans. Once one place in a cluster was located, each one of the whole cluster would follow and all could be visited for inspection.
Most places named are still on maps in use today. Every one of these place names appeared in the earliest records available in the respective local archives, if not given already in Roman or Greek documents. Most records begin with the 8th through the 13th Centuries, either predating or coinciding with the date assigned to the original manuscript of the Gudrun Epic, that is, 1233 A.D.
Archaeological data
Even though publication is lagging by 30 or 40 years in some places, archaeological data is also available locally, especially in the Scandinavian countries, and behind the Iron Curtain. Traveling 45,000 miles throughout those parts of Europe named in the Gudrun Epic to examine the evidence, I realized a unique feature which bound each area identified to the others; the archaeologists have uncovered artifacts peculiar to the historical period between 90 B.C. and 50 B.C.
If, as the Gudrun Epic claims, Herwig took the combined federate army against the Romans down to the Rhone River, we will find not only the accounts of Caesar, but also the archaeological evidence of pottery, swords, buckles, etc., all along his trail. If, as the traditions say, the Danubian broke into Suebia and other territory belonging to Herwig's homeland, carrying the torch, burning and looting, then Danubian artifacts should be found pertaining to that period in Thuringia, Seeland, etc., along the Elbe and Oder Rivers. If the armies of the confederates from Denmark and Schleswig came to Herwig's aid, artifacts from Denmark and Schleswig should be uncovered in soldiers's graves throughout the whole sector. All this and more was found.
The landfall of the armies with the kidnapping, burning and looting in a three-day frenzy, left a trail in Gudrun's heartland, Holstein, in a narrow corridor from the Baltic Sea to about 20 miles beyond Lake Plon. Here, not having time for the traditional funerals for the guardsmen slain while trying to protect Gudrun, the local inhabitants hastily buried their ashes in pottery jars taken from the burned settlements; 100 B.C. was too early a date, and 50 B.C. too late. Roman records pinpoint the date to June, 70 B.C. The Gudrun Epic claims that Gudrun's father had founded the settlements, and that they were not rebuilt after her kidnapping. To this too, the local archaeologists attested.
All parties involved had an encounter on Hiddensee Island where archaeologists found artifacts from Norway (belonging to the kidnappers), from Holstein (goods that they had stolen with the women and could not be carried off), from Thuringia (belonging to Herwig's men), and from south of the Danube (belonging to the Danubians who became Herwig's new allies).
Furthermore, the Gudrun Epic claims that Herwig's sister married the Danubian and followed him south with a sizable retinue. That, and much more could be documented at the places named by this tradition and by other legends pertaining to it.
In summary, the eight Germanic clans founded their law codes on a common foundation which, by its complexity, must have had a minimum of 300 years of stable government to develop. It could not have developed during the Period of Migration of Peoples. By necessity these 300 years must be assigned to a period prior to 250 A.D., beginning with about 50 B.C. For the events described, 50 B.C. is too late according to the local archaeologists. Caesar reports his encounters with Ariovistus/Herwig in 71 B.C. and 12 years later in 58 B.C. Caesar was murdered in 44 B.C. Archives contain the mentioned place names in their earliest records, predating the earliest manuscript of the Gudrun Epic. The Gudrun Epic, indeed, is historical.
Folklore tellers
Folklore-telling communities still exist, and the stories told have not changed. In 1970 1 was still able to locate tellers who, when asked for a Gudrun song or tale, were glad to respond. Their rendition was absolutely trustworthy. The names of places were accurately transmitted phonetically. For instance, a Yugoslavian teller remembered Gudrun as she was held in bondage on the Ser River, far away, and her discovery and rescue by her brother and her husband, the king, in a little boat. Of course, the teller had no idea that the Ser River is a part of the Glomma river in southeast Norway and that the Glomma has in that part so strong a current that a boat trip up the river is a foolhardy undertaking. The Gudrun Epic tells about the same event, relating that Herwig and Gudrun's brother set out in a light canoe, hugging the shore line or sometimes carrying it along the shore. It took them all day from long before dawn to dusk when they came upon two women washing clothing in the river. The story continues, relating how they were whipped down the river by the current in minutes, reaching their camp in darkness.
The Yugoslav teller of 1970 and the Gudrun Epic of 1233 as well as dozens of legends from wherever the Goths had governed tell how, on the day Gudrun was discovered, the kidnapper's mother had flung at her the single shoe in which she (Gudrun) had arrived. She had lost her other shoe on Hiddensee Island in the struggle which ensued when she was dragged for the second time on board the sailing vessel. That shoe was in Herwig's possession when they came upon her washing clothes along the Ser River. His army had found it on the Island of Hiddensee when the allied armies had combed the beach at the break of dawn, 13 years before.
Her countrymen did not doubt to whom it belonged. It was a small custom-built leather shoe seeded with pearls of amber (called "glasum" by the Romans) shaped in a hexagonal design, as was customary in Holstein. The amber was identical with that found there. Her brother showed the shoe to the women washing the clothing and they fetched the other one, which had been flung at her that very morning, from the bottom of the basket.
The founder of the Gothic Federation
Why would anyone try to kidnap Gudrun? throughout the rule of the Goths, and even before, women played an important role in public life. Gudrun was head of state, and only women could inherit landed property. The men these women chose as consorts were in line for top offices dealing with men; that is, the education of boys, priests, the court, army, the trades, industry, the navy, etc. What man would not have given his all to stay in the running? In this case, Gudrun was duly elected President and Chief Justice. Her people were the "Goths" (Judges), a heterogeneous federation of about 500 states reaching from Norway to Persia.
Upon her nomination to office she had made her choice from among three contestants, choosing Herwig/Ariovistus, the Suebian from Thuringia..The law was on Gudrun's side; she was legally married in front of delegates from every part of the federation. The law dealt very harshly with adulteresses. According to the law, a kidnapped woman was a slave, bare of social rank, without rights to inheritance or property. It further stipulated that the offspring shared the rank of the mother (not the father). Since a female slave was subject to the wiles and whims of the kidnapper, this meant that if the kidnapper abused her and she gave birth to a child, the child possessed no more rights than the mother; a slave for a mother meant also that the child was a slave, owning nothing.
Realizing all this, the kidnapper was shrewd enough to try to persuade Gudrun to marry him; he was goaded by his mother who was the driving force behind the whole scheme. When Gudrun would not yield to his will, he withdrew and let his mother take over. she in turn thought that if she treated Gudrun like a lowly servant, depriving her of even the minimum amenities of life, Gudrun would give in and marry her son. They spread the rumor that her husband Herwig/Ariovistus was killed, which was picked up by Caesar in his report to Rome. In spite of her tribulations, Gudrun held fast to the letter of the law. She thwarted all their hopes and aspirations, rendering the deed and the purpose of her kidnapping an abortive undertaking. She, the warden of the law, would not be coerced to be the first to break the law for temporary personal advantages.
When she was freed 13 years after the kidnapping, Gudrun insisted that there should be no revenge because it would breed the same kind of ills, more cause for revenge by others wronged; a lesson the modern world seems to have forgotten. She insisted that, by law, she was the only one who could claim complete jurisdiction over all the subjects of the federation, including the conquered subjects of Norway. She demanded the loyalty of the army. The army complied and acclaimed her Chief Commander, a title which would endure the ages. The contingencies from Pannonia (Lower Austria, Hungary, and Yugoslavia), called her kind (unun), the men from home called her Aske-Biddle, and her husband's men, Aske-Brödel. It meant in all cases the same title: Chief of the Army. The first came from the Greek, the second was Anglo-Saxon, and the third was a common designation in the Eastern European states (Old Southeast Slavic). One year later, in June 56 B.C., she returned home after an absence of 14 years. She was probably by then 36 or 37 years of age and was reunited with her mother. At a congress that was summoned on short notice (termed a "Called Ting") she was re-elected President (she was Chief Justice for life). She then arranged, with the consent of the women, the marriages of her brother, the Norwegian, and the Danubian, the latter marrying Herwig's sister (which brought the influx of Thuringian pottery to the south of the Danube River. Gudrun's marriage to Herwig was pompously reaffirmed, even though she was beyond safe childbearing age.
Undaunted, Gudrun followed her husband to Suebia, precisely, to Seeland, where she set up the new capital since this area was much more central. Her dialect became the new court language, Anglian. Seeland became 'Mast Anglia". On the earliest maps from the 8th Century A.D., the territory was listed as the Navel province, around the Kyffläuser, southeast of the Harz mountains. "East Anglia" has many "Angel" towns; Irestedt (Ichstedt), Bendeleben and Aschersleben, next to Herwig's old seats, Falkenburg and Kolleda, designations which survive to this day. All the towns ending in -leben and -stedt owe their beginning to her move. Kolleda was the place where Herwig had been elected leader of his people before he met Gudrun (72 B.C.). It is also one of the places where the earliest artifacts from Holstein have been found, matching in style those date to about 50 B.C.
[*!* Image: Skull of an adult whose head had been bound as a baby. This intentional distortion of skull shape was apparently a common practice from around 100 B.C. to 500 A.D. across the widespread territories of the Goths. [It is interesting, with respect to Dr. Fell's (see last issue) evidence for early European contacts with America, that the Maya who flourished around the same time also practiced the curious custom of deforming the skull to achieve die flattened, elongated shape. Could the custom have migrated with ancient seafarers to the New World or did they, perhaps, bring the practice back to the Old world?]
Folklore is self-correcting and very stable; the involvement of the respective peoples furnish the tenor of the content. In this case there were eight viewpoints remembered, those of the people on the side of the Norwegian kidnapper, the Danubian people, the homefolk from Holstein, the folk of Herwig, the vassals from Jutland (Wandals), the Friesians, the Franks, and her grandmother's and grandfather's clan, the Anglo-Saxons.
Names of places and persons are rendered phonetically and can be trusted. They appear in the oldest records and on site have been proven by archaeologists to have roots to the era of the actual event. Legends and historic reporting by Caesar coincide in chronology, geographic arena, and tenor of the scenario with the Gudrun Epic. The geographic distribution of the locations through which the legend had moved are huge, but are limited to the areas in which the Goths had established a firm government. Also it seems that the era of original events can be delineated by the age of basic laws common to all clans. These formed an integral part of the various Codices of the Germanic peoples regardless of the actual historical time when they were formally set down in writing.
[*!* Image: Crown-mask fitting the skull of an adult woman (Gudrun, herself?) Whose head had been bound in infancy, forcing skull growth into elongated form.]
Selected references:
1. Jane Acomb Leake, The Geats of Beowulf (Madison, Wisconsin) 1968.
2. Friedrich Schlette, Germanen zwischen Thorsberg und Ravenna (1972).
3. Andras Mócsy, Pannonia and Upper Moesia; A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire (1977).
Hildegard Wiencke-Lotz is a graduate of Ursinus College (B.A. 1964) and holds a Master's degree from the University of Pennsylvania in Folklore and German (M.A. 1965). She continued graduate studies in archaeology, Germanic history and folklore at the Universities of Basel, Switzerland (1966) and Freiburg, Germany (1967-68). A.B.D. University of Maryland, in German (1971).


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What is the stratigraphic level of the recently discovered T. rex specimen, supposedly 60 ft? I think UCMP 118742, MOR 555, LACM 23844 and BHI 3033 were stratigraphically high in the Hell Creek, whereas FMNH PR 2081 was not. What about the newer discoveries by Rigby and Horner?


text:
Implementing the New Micro Entity Status at the U.S. Patent Office
Joshua D. Bosman, Ph.D.Gregory M. HuffmanSpring 2013 (snippets)
As part of new rules introduced by the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA), a new section that defines a "micro entity" was added to Title 35 of the United States Code. As a subset of small entity status, micro entity status grants an applicant a seventy-five percent reduction of fees associated with filing, searching, examining, issuing, appealing and maintaining patent applications and patents. The new section sets forth procedures pertaining to claiming micro entity status, paying fees as a micro entity, notifying the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) of loss of micro entity status, and correcting erroneously paid fees.
An applicant has two options for qualifying as a micro entity, which are provided in 35 U.S.C. §§ 123(a) and 123(d) (and implemented in 37 C.F.R. § 1.29). Each will be discussed in turn below.
As a first option, an applicant can qualify as a micro entity under 35 U.SC. § 123(a) by establishing a limited income and limited experience with patent application filings.[1] Qualifying under the first option involves four requirements. First, the applicant must certify that the "applicant qualifies as a small entity as defined in 37 C.F.R. § 1.27."[2] Second, the applicant must certify that "[n]either the applicant nor the inventor nor a joint inventor has been named as the inventor or a joint inventor on more than four previously filed patent applications."[3] Third, the applicant must certify that neither the applicant nor the inventor nor a joint inventor had a gross income in the preceding calendar year "exceeding three times the median household income for that preceding calendar year."[4] And fourth, the applicant must certify that neither the applicant nor the inventor nor a joint inventor had "assigned, granted, or conveyed, nor is under an obligation by contract or law to assign, grant or convey, a license or other ownership interest in the application" to an entity that had a gross income exceeding three times the median household income in the preceding calendar year.[5] So what exactly do these requirements mean? The USPTO has offered a few clarifications in its guidelines for the implementation of the AIA.[6]
The types of applications that count towards the application filing limit include: "(i) U.S. non-provisional applications (e.g., utility, design, continuation, and divisional applications), (ii) U.S. reissue applications, and (iii) U.S. national stage applications," whether pending, patented, or abandoned.[7] However, the application filing limit does not include: "(i) foreign applications; (ii) international (PCT) applications for which the basic U.S. national stage filing fee was not paid; and (iii) provisional applications."[8] Notably, under the micro entity definition, there is an exception for when an applicant is not considered to be named on a previously filed application. This exception arises if he/she has assigned or is under an obligation to assign all ownership rights in the application as the result of the applicant's previous employment.[9] Thus, for instance, an inventor who has assigned all ownership rights to more than four previous applications to one or more other parties may file further applications, using micro entity status, as an individual inventor.[10]
The gross income limit is determined based on the median household income as reported by the Bureau of the Census, and the USPTO will post the maximum qualifying gross income for the preceding calendar year on its website.[11] For 2012, the maximum qualifying gross income, based on the 2011 median household income, is $150,162.[12] The gross income limit applies to each applicant's and inventor's income separately, such that the combined gross income of multiple applicants or inventors need not be below the income level.[13] The USPTO interprets the gross income limit of an inventor filing a joint tax return as "applying to the amount of income the person would have reported as gross income if that person were filing a separate tax return (which includes properly accounting for that person's portion of interest, dividends, and capital gains from joint bank or brokerage accounts)."[14] Further, if an applicant's, inventor's, or joint inventor's gross income is received in a foreign currency for a given calendar year, "the average currency exchange rate, as reported by the Internal Revenue Service, during that calendar year" must be used to determine whether the applicant meets the gross income requirement.[15]
The second option for establishing micro entity status is set forth in 35 U.S.C. § 123(d). Under this provision, an applicant qualifying as a small entity may establish micro entity status by certifying that: (1) "the applicant's employer, from which the applicant obtains the majority of the applicant's income, is an institution of higher education as defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a))," or (2) "the applicant has assigned, granted, conveyed, or is under an obligation by contract or law, to assign, grant, or convey, a license or other ownership interest in the particular application to such an institution of higher education."[16] However, gross income is not relevant under 35 U.S.C. § 123(d), unless the inventor is employed by an institution of higher education and obtains the majority of his or her income from sources other than that institution. For instance, under the second option an inventor can have an income that is five times the median U.S. household income as long as the inventor is named as applicant and has conveyed his or her rights in the application to an institute of higher education. To qualify as an "institution of higher education" an educational institution, among some of the requirements, must be an accredited public or non‑profit institution located in the United States or its territories, and must provide a post‑secondary educational program that awards a bachelor's degree or provides not less than a 2-year program that is acceptable for full credit toward such a degree.[17]
Although the micro entity provisions are based on the small entity status provisions, an important difference between the two arises when the university or institute of higher education is identified as the applicant in a patent application. The requirements of 35 U.S.C. § 123(d) would not be met by an institution of higher education that is itself an assignee-applicant because the institute cannot certify that it (1) is its own employer, or (2) has conveyed rights to the application to itself. Therefore, naming an institute of higher education as the applicant, rather than the inventor as applicant, would prevent eligibility for the micro entity discount under 35 U.S.C. § 123(d).[18] Furthermore, an institute of higher education, as defined under 35 U.S.C. § 123(d), currently does not include non-profit corporations, research foundations, technology transfer organizations, or Federal Government research laboratories.[19]
Regardless of the option used, to establish micro entity status and pay fees as a micro entity, an applicant must certify in writing (using form PTO/SB/15A or 15B) that they are entitled to micro entity status. This must be done before paying any fees in the micro entity amount, and a fee may be paid in the micro entity amount only if the applicant/patentee is entitled to micro entity status on the date the fee is paid.[20] Certification can be filed along with the application, and each application (e.g., continuations or divisional applications) must be certified separately.[21] Once an applicant is certified for micro entity status for an application, re-certification is not required for each fee paid in that application, however the applicant should evaluate their entitlement to micro entity status each time a fee payment is made.[22] Unlike small entity status, a notice of loss of micro entity status must be made in writing, and payment of a small or large entity fee will not serve as notification of loss of micro entity status.[23] The USPTO explains that by requiring a written notification of loss of micro entity status, it intends to prevent increased costs for a micro entity resulting from an inadvertent payment of a small entity or large entity fee.[24] However, in the case of good faith erroneous payment of fees in the micro entity amount, a fee deficiency payment will be treated as notification of loss of entitlement to micro entity status.[25] Unlike payment of fees as a small entity, the USPTO will not refund previously-paid fees upon later establishment of micro entity status.[26]
A seventy-five percent reduction in fees may tempt some inventors to align with an institute of higher education or company (i.e., a dummy corporation) in order to claim benefit of micro entity status under 1.29(d) or (a). Even if this strategy meets the letter of the rules, section 1.29(j) states that "[a]ny attempt to fraudulently establish status as a micro entity, or pay fees as a micro entity, shall be considered as a fraud practiced or attempted on the Office."[27] This language is similar to that of small entities and the USPTO notes that in the case of small entity status, an inventor considering such a strategy should consider that "the Federal Circuit has noted that an applicant would be 'foolish' to claim small entity status if there is the slightest doubt about an applicant's claim to small entity."[28] The USPTO has stated it intends to monitor the percentage of applicants claiming micro entity under 35 U.S.C. § 123(d) and may propose additional limits if there is an indication of fraudulent activities.[29] While no case law currently exists for fraud or inequitable conduct relating to micro entity status, it is possible a patent could be held unenforceable as a result of fraudulent certification of micro entity status.
Given the current fee schedule, establishing micro entity status could save an applicant filing a utility application as much as $600 or more from filing through issuance as compared to paying fees as a small entity, and at least $3,750 from filing through 3rd stage maintenance under the final fee schedule that is scheduled to go into effect January 1, 2014. As the savings to independent inventors – and the collective savings to higher educational institutions – are significant, it will be interesting to see how the micro entity provisions affect the number of applications filed under each provision. On the other hand, the strict requirements for establishing and maintaining micro entity status may be deemed so oppressive by some inventors that they might prefer to continue filing under the simpler, safer small entity status.
[1] 37 C.F.R. § 1.29(a). This addition is not yet in most printed versions of the rules, but can be found at 77 Fed. Reg. 75,033 (December 19, 2012), or via the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, available at http://www.ecfr.gov.
[2] 37 C.F.R. § 1.29(a)(1).
[3] Id. § 1.29(a)(2).
[6] See AIA Frequently Asked Questions: Fees, http://www.uspto.gov/aia_implementation/faqs_fees.jsp (last visited April 11, 2013); see also America Invents Act Public Forum, http://www.uspto.gov/aia_implementation/FITF_Public_Training_2013mar12.pptx (last visited April 11, 2013).
[7] AIA Frequently Asked Questions: Fees, at Question FEE1028. Note that the provisions imply that a regular application that undergoes reissue proceedings will be counted as two distinct applications for micro entity purposes.
[9] 37 C.F.R. § 1.29(b).
[10] It is possible that some inventors might attempt to maintain micro entity status by starting a company, filing four applications with that company as applicant and assignee, starting a new company and filing four applications with the new company as applicant and assignee, and so on. As long as the companies and inventor(s) qualify under the income requirements, this strategy is theoretically viable. Practically speaking, however, the expense of starting and managing a new company for every four applications filed might not be worth the savings that micro entity status provides over small entity status. Not to mention that the strategy seems shady and could be viewed negatively by courts.
[11] AIA Frequently Asked Questions: Fees, at Question FEE1017.
[12] Micro Entity Status Gross Income Limit, http://www.uspto.gov/patents/law/micro_entity.jsp (last visited April 11, 2013).
[13] Changes To Implement Micro Entity Status for Paying Patent Fees, 77 Fed. Reg. 75,019, 75,023 (December 19, 2012).
[14] Id. at 75026.
[15] 37 C.F.R. § 1.29(c).
[16] Id. § 1.29(d).
[17] Changes To Implement Micro Entity Status for Paying Patent Fees, 77 Fed. Reg. at 75,022.
[20] 37 C.F.R. § 1.29(f).
[21] Id. § 1.29(e).
[22] Id. § 1.29(g).
[23] Id. § 1.29(i).
[25] 37 C.F.R. § 1.29(k).
[27] 37 C.F.R. § 1.29(j).
[29] Id. at 75,021.
Snippets-Vol_11-Issue_2_051013-FINAL.pdf
Joshua D. Bosman, Ph.D.Gregory M. Huffman
CounselingLitigation & AppealsPTAB TrialsPatentProsecution


text:
Mauresmo defeats Henin-Hardenne at Wimbledon
Published 11:59 pm Saturday, July 8, 2006
WIMBLEDON, England (AP) — Amelie Mauresmo sank into her chair after losing the first set of the Wimbledon final and buried her face in a towel.
Then Mauresmo straightened up and gave herself a little talking-to, deciding that this was the moment to cast off the burden of being known as a player who couldn't come through when it counted.
Can't win the big one? Says who?
Holding her serve and her nerve down the stretch, Mauresmo came back to beat Justine Henin-Hardenne 2-6, 6-3, 6-4 on Saturday to win Wimbledon for her second Grand Slam title — and first that she got to celebrate properly.
"I don't want anyone," Mauresmo said, "to talk about my nerves anymore."
This was a rematch of the Australian Open final in January, when Henin-Hardenne quit in the second set with stomach problems, denying Mauresmo a chance to feel what it's like to earn a championship and leading to some ill feelings between the women.
"The way it ended is different," the top-ranked Mauresmo said. "Now I had this final moment, especially this final point."
She couldn't stop smiling as she clutched the champion's plate, as she climbed through the stands to hug her coach and supporters, as she addressed the audience, as she posed for photos, as she walked off the court with a wave.
Later, she donned a T-shirt made by her sponsor, reading: "2006 Wimbledon Champion. I am what I am."
If the former wasn't the case until Saturday afternoon, the latter has been for quite some time. Mauresmo willingly dissected and discussed her problems dealing with pressure, acknowledging it as a factor in her 13 losses in quarterfinals or semifinals at Grand Slams.
When she first spent time at No. 1 in the rankings in 2004, she was only the second woman to do so without having won a major. Mauresmo reached the 1999 Australian Open final, then didn't get that far at a Slam until the same place this year.
In January, Mauresmo's Australian semifinal ended when her opponent stopped because of an injury, and then came the anticlimactic final, so the issue of her fragile mental state lingered. But she got through three-set tests against major champions in the quarterfinals (Anastasia Myskina) and semifinals (Maria Sharapova) at Wimbledon, before denying Henin-Hardenne's bid to complete a career Grand Slam.
"Now that I see all the names on the trophy, and my name is on there — Wow! That's not so bad," Mauresmo said. "I was thinking about the trophy all morning, and then I got my hands on it. It was bizarre."
She triumphed despite having fewer winners (31-28) and more unforced errors (22-20) than Henin-Hardenne, who won last month's French Open for her fifth major title.
"Two Grand Slams in a month — it's pretty hard," Henin-Hardenne said. net.
She earned $1.15 million, and this handwritten note from French President Jacques Chirac: "Bravo! It was magnificent! What a performance, and what elegance!"
On Sunday, Rafael Nadal will try to become the first man to pull off a French-Wimbledon double since Bjorn Borg in 1980. Nadal faces three-time champion Roger Federer, who's won 47 consecutive matches on grass, including 27 in a row at Wimbledon.
But No. 2 Nadal is 4-0 against No. 1 Federer this year, including a victory in the French Open final.
"Sure, he's the favorite. He has more pressure than me. That's real. That's true," Nadal said. "But I'm going to play in the final of Wimbledon. I'm going to play one of the best in the history of the sport. I'm young. I hope I'm going have more opportunities, but I'm going to try my best Sunday."
Odds are there will be far less serve-and-volley tennis in the men's final than there was Saturday.


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Clare Douglas (Ipswich, 1944. február 21. – Saint-Malo, 2017. július 9.) brit filmvágó.

Filmjei

Mozifilmek
 Secret Friends (1991)
 A szerelem filozófiája (The Misadventures of Margaret) (1998)
 Véres vasárnap (Bloody Sunday) (2002)
 A Way of Life (2004)
 A United 93-as (United 93) (2006)

Tv-filmek
 Tom Brown's Schooldays (1971)
 Emma (1972)
 Premiere (1977–1979)
 Thank You, Comrades (1978)
 Az áruló (Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy) (1979)
 Smiley népe (Smiley's People) (1982)
 The Aerodrome (1983)
 A Perfect Spy (1987)
 The Happy Valley (1987)
 Christabel (1988)
 Blackeyes (1989)
 Lipstick on Your Collar (1993)
 Karaoke (1996)
 Cold Lazarus (1996)
 Big Women (1998)
 The Murder of Stephen Lawrence (1999)
 Az elfelejtett herceg (The Lost Prince) (2003)
 Barátok és krokodilok (Friends & Crocodiles) (2005)
 Gideon lánya (Gideon's Daughter) (2005)
 A titkok háza (Joe's Palace) (2007)
 Nyomasztó múlt (Capturing Mary) (2007)

Tv-sorozatok
 Az Onedin család (The Ondedin Line) (1972, egy epizód)
 Dial M for Murder (1974, egy epizód)
 Ki vagy, doki? (Doctor Who) (1976, négy epizód)
 Brensham People (1976, két epizód)
 A Life at Stake (1978, egy epizód)
 Play for Today (1980, egy epizód)
 BBC2 Playhouse (1981, egy epizód)
 Tenko (1981–1982, három epizód)
 Arena (TV Series documentary) (1982, dokumentum-sorozat, egy epizód)
 Screenplay (1986, 1990, két epizód)
 Screen Two (1986, 1994, két epizód)
 For the Greater Good (1991, három epizód)
 Kavanagh QC (1995, két epizód)
 Family Money (1996)
 Monarch of the Glen (2000, négy epizód)

Jegyzetek

1944-ben született személyek
2017-ben elhunyt személyek
Vágók
Brit nők

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


· Former champion Viktor Postol one voluntary defense.
· Winner to fight Amir Imam mandatory challenger, but Imam lost.
· Imam to fight in a final elimination bout.
· Andrea Scarpa defeated John Wayne Hibbert by TKO6 and won the vacant silver title on June 25.
· Terence Crawford defeated Viktor Postol by UD12 on July 23 and won the WBC title in a unification WBC-WBO title fight.
· Final elimination ordered between Antonio Orozco and Amir Imam to determine the mandatory challenger.
· Champion Crawford granted a voluntary defense.
· Linares injured and a vacant championship was ordered between Dejan Zlaticanin and Emiliano Marsili – no later than June 2016.
· Linares was placed as champion in recess.
· The Zlaticanin vs. Marsilli was scheduled first for April and then was moved to June 11. Marsilli had to pull out of the fight, as he became ill.
· The WBC accepted to proceed with the title fight with the highest available contender #5 Mamani.
· Dejan Zlaticanin defeated Mamani by TKO3 on June 11 and won the vacant lightweight title.
· The WBC approved the unification fight between Linares vs. Anthony Crolla, WBA champion, for the Diamond Belt on September 24 in the U. K.
· The winner must fight the lightweight champion Zlaticanin.
Crolla v Linares had a rematch clause, with the second fight hoped to take place in early 2016. WBN has reached out to the WBC to get clarification that Zlaticanin will have to wait for his own fight with Linares and can concentrate on a possible defense against Mikey Garcia.


text:
Q: JavaScript errors using  tag with ColdFusion 2018 With ColdFusion 2018 using the <cfgrid> with the format set to "html".
<cfform action="" method="POST" name="TEST">
    <cfgrid name="test"  format="html">
            <CFGRIDCOLUMN NAME="A" HEADER="A" >
            <CFGRIDCOLUMN NAME="B" HEADER="B" >
    </cfgrid>
</cfform>

Running the above sample code on Chrome, I receive the following errors:

*

*
https ://test-url/cf_scripts/scripts/ajax/yui/yahoo-dom-event/yahoo-dom-event.js
      net::ERR_ABORTED 404 (Not Found)

*
GET
  https ://test-url/cf_scripts/scripts/ajax/yui/animation/animation-min.js
  404 (Not Found)

*
Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'id' of undefined
  ext-all.js:18
at i.getKey (ext-all.js:18)
at i.add (ext-all.js:18)
at c (ext-all.js:18)
at i.onSelectChange (ext-all.js:18)
at i.doMultiSelect (ext-all.js:18)
at i.doSelect (ext-all.js:18)
at i.select (ext-all.js:18)
>at $G.Actions.onLoad (cfgrid.js:490)
at b (ext-all.js:18)

After looking into this I found that the YUI API used to come bundled  with ColdFusion has been deprecated and removed with Coldfusion 2016 update 3
According to the documentation only the following tags should be affected by the change ( Im guessing one of these is a dependency for <CFGRID>?)

*

*cfmenu

*cftree

*cftooptip

*cfcalendar

*cfinput (autosuggest attribute)

*cfinput (sourcefortooltip attribute)

*cfsprydataset

Without adding the depreciated API back into ColdFusion 2018... is there anyway to decouple YUI from the <CFGRID> tag as it behaves normally even with the error?
Can anything be done about the error from ext-all.js or is this a Coldfusion bug?

A: Try Updating to the latest update of CF 2018  , update 5 , along with the YUI library in place. You might possibly skip all the above errors.
Only IE will still have a problem with error like this
Unable to set property 'page' of undefined or null reference


Seagrasses are flowering marine plants that live in shallow coastal waters almost everywhere in the world. The more than 70 species of seagrass provide an important habitat for thousands of ocean animals, from tiny invertebrates, crabs and turtles to large fish and birds.
Equally if not more important, seagrasses also are natural carbon sinks — even more effective at soaking up heat-trapping carbon pollution than forests on land. They soak up carbon in their leaves, and when they die, they decompose far more slowly than terrestrial plants, so that carbon remains buried for hundreds of years.
Emilia Röhr, a doctoral student at Åbo Akademi University in Finland who recently led a study on carbon storage in seagrasses, agreed. "In addition to the huge potential seagrasses possess for carbon sequestering — and therefore buffering against climate change — seagrasses offer multiple other ecosystem services essential for human livelihoods such as fish nurseries, protection from erosion, water quality management and nutrient regulation," she said.
But overfishing and coastal pollution have taken a toll on seagrasses, depleting them at an alarming rate. Recent studies from places such as Florida, Singapore, Indonesia and the UK have documented widespread seagrass loss, according to Unsworth. The authors of one study released last year, in fact, said that a football field of seagrass is disappearing roughly every half-hour.
Because society has neglected the conservation of these ecosystems for so long, there is little detailed data available to understand how much seagrass once existed and how rapidly it has been lost, he added. Furthermore, "we don't know nearly enough about where seagrass is," he said. To that end, Unsworth has created a website that allows citizen scientists to help map the location of seagrass.
New research underlined the value of natural ecosystems in fighting climate change. It called for preserving forests, farmlands, grasslands and seagrasses, all of which scrub carbon pollution from the atmosphere. The study, published in Science Advances, further found that strengthening these carbon sinks could shrink the country's net annual carbon output by up to 21 percent.
The paper called for reviving grasslands, planting more trees in forests, and waiting longer to harvest timber. It also recommended that farmers plant cover crops when their fields otherwise would be bare. Cover crops draw carbon out of the atmosphere and return it to the soil. The study further called for curbing water pollution to protect seagrass, restoring lost seagrass, and allowing new seagrass to grow in areas flooded by rising seas.
"There is value in restoring seagrasses, and in creating new seagrass meadows, because these actions cause more carbon to get stored in the soils underneath," said James W. Fourqurean, director of Florida International University's Center for Coastal Oceans Research, and a co-author of the paper.
Fourqurean has modeled what happens when seagrasses vanish. One study he conducted estimated the ongoing loss of seagrasses could release up to a billion metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year, an amount that is close to the annual carbon emissions of Japan. Still, conservatively, he says the real number probably less than half a billion metric tons annually, roughly the carbon output of France.
The "best example of seagrass hope" comes from Tampa Bay, where locals have radically improved water quality, Unsworth said. Seagrass is more now abundant there than it was in the 1950s, although recent hurricanes may have reversed some of this growth.
While much attention in recent years has focused on coral reefs, Unsworth believes that marine conservation must broaden to include seagrasses. Corals may be more exotic and pretty, but one should never dismiss the richness and importance of seagrass, Unsworth said.


Brown pedals in stock now!
Get a ZIM for $199 with the purchase of a Brown Octron2! That's a $60 savings. Discount appears automatically in your cart when you add both pedals. Check out Dave's video above to hear the two pedals together.
Octron2 is brown for a limited time! Sometimes metalwork gets rejected and has to be redone, so we had a small batch of Octron2 enclosures made in BROWN. They're usually silver. Direct orders only, limited to 30 units.


text:
Articles & Contributions Elsewhere
Furry Wrist Abroad
© 2023 Furry Wrist Abroad.
The Worst Watch of 2022: The Swatch MoonSwatch
The worst watch of the year suffers from two issues. The first is the design of the watch, regardless of which colourway is focused on (the choices of some of the themes and how they were treated were quite nice, like the Venus MoonSwatch for instance). The second was how the MoonSwatch release and continual state was and is supported by Swatch Group and my disappointment in the informed watch collector community.
First, let us cover the simple design issue with the MoonSwatch. Basing a Swatch on the Omega Speedmaster Professional may sound like a great idea in principle, but doing so in a manner that does the watch justice required more effort than Swatch Group was willing to commit to. Besides the entire going to the moon aspect of the Moon Watch, the Omega Speedmaster Professional is and was an exercise in perfect proportions and design elements. The Speedmaster's balanced way the hands, indices, typeface, logo, subdials, dial colour and texture define it as the perfect tool watch. It is literally perfect from a design standpoint. Swatch used the ETA calibre G10 21x (x for it is unclear whether the G10 211 or G10 212 movement was used), which resulted in the subdials of the watch is either too close at the top or too far apart from the bottom register. The MoonSwatch is simply an ugly and poorly executed design.
Second is the more serious matter of how the release was and continues to be handled by Swatch Group globally. The MoonSwatch was a marketing exercise that successfully generated interest in both Swatch and of Omega. The consequence of doing a media blitz before the release in an environment of increased inflation and of watches being viewed as appreciating assets was that the employees of Swatch boutiques worldwide had to face threats, harassment, and anxiety that continue to this day. Worldwide there were violent incidents between speculators which resulted in at least one boutique having to close its doors on the release. Besides positioning a mall security guard near a couple of boutiques, there was no additional training or staffing provided for these employees. Keep in mind that these employees (not the managers) are very young adults with little to no experience, and this was a traumatic experience for some of them. I observed two known collectors (in separate instances months apart) in Toronto raise their voices and harass the salespeople. These salespeople were the ages of their children and grandchildren, respectively. All out of a sense of entitlement and wanting a plastic watch. Swatch Group should have done better, leading to my last point.
Most informed collectors knew about these issues from the first day of the MoonSwatch's release. Instead of acknowledging how the release was mishandled, countless collectors decided to support this campaign with their wallets and buy one or many MoonSwatches. By doing so, they reinforced this reckless campaign and for more to be run in the future. In 2022, the term "collective action" was used a lot to describe the problem with many services, with a primary focus on those owned by META. Many people complained about the practices used on Facebook and Instagram but had nowhere to turn to, not because there were no other options but because the collective masses would not also change services. Thus, everyone stayed where they were at the beginning of the year, and their Vero accounts essentially became inactive. When one is informed and sees a problem happen in real-time, and most importantly, the problem relates to a non-essential product, yet they decide to support it anyways, they should simply be ashamed. Through rabid consumerism, the notion of having the right to consume regardless of the consequences of that purchase on others is disappointing for such an informed and educated group. I had many opportunities to purchase a MoonSwatch, and out of principle, I did not. I am a collector of Omega watches, and I am waiting to see whether Swatch Group learned from their lessons of this release with any such attempts in the future. If they choose to ignore the lessons from the MoonSwatch release and decide that the welfare of their salespeople is still not a priority, Swatch Group may lose me as a customer for all of their products.


text:
Some Client Testimonials about our work and the process of working with us.
"Thanks Paul for everything – we are delighted with our new home, the design and flow. We've come a long way since that first meeting in January in that cold and miserable kitchen!!
It will be a hectic Christmas cooking for the thousands but we'll enjoy the stress in our fabulous new kitchen and surrounds…
... Wishing you and a very Merry Christmas and all the best in 2018!"
— S.C. Blackrock
Deirdre Purcell - Author / Broadcaster
"As an architect, Paul Mulhern took on a very tricky project for me at the above address, a Seventies terraced house on a long narrow site in a housing estate. This was a house that had been lived in wisely for a while but latterly not too well. My brief to him was to illuminate what had become a murky, dark, cramped and very dilapidated property by creating a space filled with light and air. I also wanted him to bring it up to modern standards of insulation, wiring and plumbing, and thereby making snug what had been damp and cold.
On such a site, the brief seemed impossible and when I led him into the property in its original condition, I expected him to be daunted, even to refuse to have anything to do with it, but his reaction was immediately to see it as a challenge. And how brilliantly he overcame that challenge! While remaining aware of my budget, the design he produced involved gutting the entire house and opening it up to light from the roof, via three voids. The result is the fulfilment of my own dream, the testament to which is the steady stream of neighbours arriving on various pretexts but with the obvious aim of being invited in.
Throughout the construction vicissitudes (and there were many, none of his making) he remained steadily supportive to me in what was a very difficult and long process. I cannot praise him highly enough for his tenacity, his concentration on what was best for the house and for me as a client - and not least for his calm tact. His professionalism and collaborative spirit are outstanding but overarching all of the above, his creativity and vision were and are superb".
NMCD - Chief Executive / Director
I have nothing but high commendations for Paul – He is doing a fairly significant project for us where, in effect, we are rebuilding an old abandoned farmhouse right next to where my Dad and Grandad were born & raised (outside Oldcastle on the Meath-Cavan-Westmeath border). He is thoroughly competent in his field as well as professional in all aspects of his work – tremendous attention to detail which is what I like – and has a nice way about him.
About 10-12 years ago we did a sizable renovation on our old house in the U.S. I was lucky to find a very competent young architect called Chris who produced a very clear set of drawings reflecting our wishes…. the builder we chose told me during the project that they were the clearest set of drawings that he ever had, which was nice to hear as I was travelling a lot in those days, and my wife was left to make several decisions without me. Paul's architectural drawings (and his detailed specifications later on after we got planning permission) are comparable to Chris's but to the power of two…. and I've (almost never) had to second-guess him.
One other little element of relevance is that my wife cannot abide any kind of pushy salesmanship…. and she has taken a real liking to Paul…. which speaks for itself…. as that's a very important consideration when heading into a sizable project of this nature!
"…. and within 20 minutes of that meeting I knew that Paul was "our man" …"
AMM - Corporate Foundation Officer
I can say without any hesitation that it has been a pleasure working with Paul Mulhern on our recent build. We engaged Paul as our architect to help design, plan and build our single story extension to the back and side of our semi-detached home in Lucan.
From the first communication with Paul he was engaged with the project. He was very easy to deal with and had a lovely relaxed manner throughout the project, which helped during some of the more stressful moments as happens with all builds. He talked us through our priorities, listened to our brief, presented us with options and came up with a design that managed to get us everything that we wanted and more.
The reason we engaged an architect was that we wanted a well-designed extension that would get the most light in as possible, and would get the most out of the limited space that we had to build on. We got exactly that – an extended kitchen/living area, study/come spare bedroom, utility and shower room.
Paul was so helpful in offering advice and information all throughout the project. He was always available to discuss, listen and share ideas. Not only did he design the extension but we also engaged him to design our kitchen, and carpentry items. These were fantastic additional services to tap into as we could get everything exactly as we wanted to fit our tastes; maximise the storage that we wanted and come up with well designed workarounds to maximise the usage of space in different practical ways that look great.
While we did have some delays which are part of the course of a build, we have ended up with a light filled, modern, practical homely space that is a joy to come home to. We couldn't have achieved what we did without Paul and we are delighted with the results.


I really enjoyed reading the descriptions of Herbert's paintings. They offer a new and interesting insight into Herbert's intentions. Also, thank you for introducing me to Beth Edwards work. Definitely an exhibit I want to check out.


Tresor Paris have bangles for every occasion, easy to layer, mix and match or have as a statement piece. We have fabulous show stopping pieces from chunky stainless steel bangles to elegant pave set crystal bangles in sterling silver plated with yellow, rose or white gold. Our latest addition includes a crystal &Sterling silver stackable bangle range in the twelve birthstone colours.


How to Clean and Polish Solid Surface Countertop?
Home / How to Clean and Polish Solid Surface Countertop?
Cleanliness is an utmost concern amongst everyone who is desirous of having a speck or span home or office. A sparklingly clean room can make a powerful impression on people. The light radiating confidently from the surfaces of the polished surfaces inculcates smartness and confidence. But, keeping a solid surface in that ideally high polished and sparkling state, is not an easy job. It requires careful handling, the proper and efficient use of cleaning and polishing materials, proper maintenance to name a few. It is therefore, good to have as much knowledge and know as many tips on cleaning and polishing a solid surface as possible.
There are many tips and tricks for polishing a solid surface well. In case a solid surface gets stained, it should be washed thoroughly. Using simply, a sponge along with some water mixed with soap acts as a good cleaning agent for the majority of stains. There are certain cleaning agents whose use should be better avoided since they might harm the surface. If the stains refuse to go away with simple soap and water, using a combination of soft scrub and a scotch brite might be a good way of making it go. The process of scrubbing has also to be paid some attention; preferably a circular motion should be followed in the cleaning process.
The solid surfaces, although they are well adept at handling heat, might be harmed when they come in close proximity with certain devices and components. They should be protected against carefully. While placing hot appliances on the surface, it is preferable to place a stand with rubberised feet on which to rest it so that the heat does not harm the surface.
One might try to spray a cleaning liquid of calcium or lime in order to remove rust stains from the table. After the stains are removed the liquid can be removed by wiping it with a soft and dry piece of cloth. For surfaces that are made of stone completely, a stronger cleaning liquid can be used. It is usually left at the surface for a period of two or more minutes for taking effect before being wiped away with a piece of soft cloth.
After all the cleaning processes have been completed, all the different cleaning processes have exercised; the final process is polishing the surface so that the surface remains glossy and has a sparkling effect. To maintain the gloss effect a sanding sponge, preferably four thousand grit can be used to arrest the high glossy effect upon the countertop.
Following these steps shall help one keep a sparkling clean solid surface and make a solid impression on the minds of the beholders.


In search of investors for your new idea?
Looking for subsidies from Europe?
Individual hep to determine the value of your project or organisation and its cash-flow as well as help to find and contract investors.
The entrepreneur who knows how to find investors and who receives help in finding them.
The help is conducted on brokerage base " no cure-no-pay".
The timing to find investors will depend on different factors and will negotiated upfront.
The calculation of the value of the project and/or company will be done in the premises of the partner/client.
Due to the confidential nature of our work in innovation and financing, we regret to not to be able to publicize testimonials on this page.


In addition to transportation issues, the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee also has jurisdiction over other aspects of our national infrastructure, such as clean water and waste water management, the transport of resources by pipeline, flood damage reduction, the management of federally-owned real estate and public buildings, the development of economically depressed rural and urban areas, disaster preparedness and response, and hazardous materials transportation.
Subcommittee assignments will be decided over the next several weeks. In the 115th Congress, Congressman Lowenthal served on the committee's Highways and Transit subcommittee, Water Resources and Environment subcommittee, and Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation subcommittee.


A holiday celebration with Santa was held at the Del Mar Highlands Town Center Dec. 7. The event included laser light shows, falling snow, photos with Santa, music, performances by students from local schools, complimentary hot chocolate and cookies, and more. A special check presentation was made to local schools to "Save the Arts." Visit DelMarHighlandsTownCenter.com.