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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Texas Case Law › Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Decisions › 1986 › Melton v. State
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Melton v. State
Jerry Wayne MELTON, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee. Jimmie Lee SLOAN, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.
Nos. 65165, 65166.
Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas, En Banc.
July 2, 1986.
*109 John D. Byers, Sulphur Springs, for appellants.
Robert Huttash, State's Atty., Austin, for State.
Before the court en banc.
McCORMICK, Judge.
Both appellants were indicted for the offense of theft over $200.00. At a joint trial during which the appellants were represented by separate counsel, they were found guilty and both were assessed punishments of five years.
The appellants, represented by the same counsel on appeal, have each filed a brief. A review of these briefs show them to be identical to one another with the exception of an additional ground of error present in appellant Sloan's case. The State has not seen fit to file any briefs. The state of the appellants' briefs leaves much to be desired. Because the two briefs are identical to one another except in the one respect we have pointed out, we find that many contentions that are made do not apply to both appellants. Moreover many of the grounds of error are multifarious; they do not cite to any authority and contain no argument. Nevertheless, we have reviewed the contentions as best as we can determine what they are and have found reversible error in each case.
Department of Public Safety Investigator Jimmy Jacobs testified that on or about October 11, 1978, he received information from an individual named Bo Lemmons that an individual was selling stolen heavy equipment. Lemmons was an ex-convict whom Jacobs had had under surveillance because Jacobs suspected that Lemmons was himself involved in some type of illegal activities. As a result of this information, on the evening of October 11, Jacobs, working in an undercover capacity, telephoned appellant Melton and told him that he had heard that Melton had a D-8 bulldozer for sale. Melton replied that he not only had a D-8 bulldozer but also had a John Deere front-end loader which he wished to sell. The two men agreed on a price of $6500 for the D-8 Caterpillar bulldozer and $2,000 for the John Deere front-end loader. Melton indicated to Jacobs that he had the two pieces of equipment and was prepared to deliver them. A deal was struck whereby Melton agreed to deliver the John Deere front-end loader to the Winfield Truck Stop on Saturday, October 14, where Jacobs was to meet him. On Saturday, October 14, Jacobs waited for Melton at the Winfield Truck Stop but Melton never appeared. After waiting for three hours, Jacobs attempted to call Melton. Melton's wife answered the phone and said that Melton was not home. On October 15, Jacobs called Melton again. Melton told Jacobs he had not been able to deliver the equipment to the truck stop because his driver had been arrested for cattle theft and was in jail. Melton apologized and said that the next time the delivery would be completed.
On October 24, Jacobs called Melton again. When Jacobs asked what equipment Melton had, Melton replied that he had a White Freightliner truck and lowboy trailer with a 977 Caterpillar loader on it. Jacobs testified that he interpreted this to mean that Melton already had this equipment in his possession. Melton said he *110 would sell all three pieces of equipment for $10,000. Jacobs asked Melton to check the mileage on the truck and to see what kind of bucket was on the loader. An agreement was reached whereby Melton agreed to deliver the load to the Bonanza Steak House in Sulphur Springs on October 26. It was also agreed that Jacobs would call back the next day so that the plan could be finalized. On October 25, Jacobs called Melton back. Melton told Jacobs he could not check the truck's mileage but that the loader had a two or three yard bucket on it. He also told Jacobs that even though the equipment was worth at least $20,000, because it was "hot", he would sell it for $10,000. It was agreed that the delivery was to be made at 2:00 a.m. on October 27. The equipment was to be brought out on Interstate 30 and parked on the shoulder of the freeway directly in front of the Bonanza Steak House. Jacobs was to be parked between the service road and the freeway. It was also agreed that Jacobs would call Melton again on October 26.
On October 26, Jacobs called Melton's home and talked to Melton's wife. He left a phone number where he could be reached. At 9:00 that evening Melton called Jacobs and said he had the equipment and he could meet Jacobs sooner than planned but instead of the 977 Caterpillar loader, he was bringing a W-8 International front-end loader. Melton told Jacobs he would deliver the 977 loader the next weekend. The two agreed to meet at about 1:30 a.m. and to lower the price from $10,000 to $9,000 because of the change in equipment.
At about 1:25 a.m. Jacobs and another DPS officer Bob Shedd, were waiting alongside the freeway in Sulphur Springs. Melton drove up in a pickup and parked on the shoulder of the freeway. A truck and lowboy trailer carrying a front-end loader drove by and stopped approximately a quarter of a mile down thefreeway. Melton and Jacobs got out of their vehicles and approached each other. At that point Jacobs arrested Melton and other officers in seven other police units converged on the scene and arrested appellant Sloan, who was driving the stolen White Freightliner.
Jacobs testified that the stolen equipment was a Model 4000 White Freightliner tractor, VIN 751629G, registered to Howard Freeman, Inc., in Irving, a Case W-8 front-end loader, VIN 9811831, and a lowboy trailer registered to Howard Freeman, Inc. in Irving. Jacobs testified that the truck was hot-wired. He further testified that the value of the truck would be $15,000, the value of the trailer would be $6,000 and the value of the W-8 loader would be $15,000. Finally Jacobs testified that he used no inducement, threats or coercion to get Melton to talk with him and that it was Melton who had set the initial $10,000 price on the equipment.
Appellant Melton took the stand and agreed that he and appellant Sloan stole the White Freightliner, lowboy trailer and the front-end loader. However, the gist of Melton's testimony was that he had been entrapped by both Lemmons and Jacobs. He testified that in the latter part of September 1978, he was working as a heavy equipment operator at a Dallas construction site when he was introduced to Lemmons. At this first meeting Lemmons asked Melton if he would be interested in dealing in stolen heavy equipment. Lemmons said he knew an individual who would pay a dollar a pound for heavy equipment that was in good shape. Melton testified that he told Lemmons he did not know anything about stealing equipment. In response, Lemmons told Melton to give him his phone number and he would have the buyer call him. Melton gave his phone number to Lemmons.
Two weeks later Lemmons telephoned Melton and said that a man named "Bill" would be calling him. The next day Melton received a phone call from "Bill." (This was in fact DPS Investigator Jacobs). According to Melton's testimony, when Jacobs asked him if he had any equipment for sale, Melton replied that he did not have anything. Jacobs then told Melton he would pay him $6500 for a D-8, $5,000 for a D-6 or $2500 for a backhoe. Once again Melton told Jacobs that he had no equipment, but *111 he would look around and see if he could find anything for him. Jacobs then called Melton a second time. When Jacobs asked Melton if he had anything, Melton replied that he did not. Jacobs then asked if Melton was going to get him anything in the future and Melton replied that he would. According to Melton, Jacobs called him daily pressuring him to get him some equipment. In addition, Melton testified that he received another visit from Bo Lemmons who told him that if he did not have a way of transporting the equipment, Jacobs would furnish him a trailer. Lemmons also told Melton that Jacobs was his banker and had a lot of money and pull.
According to Melton, the first purchase that was actually arranged concerned a Case backhoe. Melton testified that although he agreed with Jacobs to deliver the backhoe to the Winfield Truck Stop he had no intention of actually making the delivery. Melton testified that after he did not show up at the truck stop, Jacob's called his home again. Melton testified that during this conversation Jacobs appeared to be very angry and he told Melton that Melton's failure to bring the equipment had caused him to lose $1,000. Melton testified that at this point, he became very afraid of Jacobs because he thought Jacobs might be involved in the Mafia. He felt that if he did not furnish some equipment for Jacobs, he might be hurt. Thus when Jacobs called him on October 24, Melton told him he had something lined up. And when Melton spoke with Jacobs on October 26, he told Jacobs he already had the equipment although he had not in fact yet stolen it. Finally Melton testified that he never would have stolen the property if Jacobs and Lemmons had not exerted pressure on him.
Appellant Sloan did not testify. However Melton testified that he first involved Sloan in the scheme after he had agreed to deliver the backhoe to the Winfield Truck Stop. It is undisputed that neither Jacobs or Lemmons ever had any contact with appellant Sloan before Sloan's arrest.
Both appellants initially argue that the State failed to prove the ownership of the stolen property. The indictment alleged in pertinent part that the appellants:
"... did then and there with intent to deprive the owner, Howard Freeman of property, namely 1972 White Freightliner # 4000 VIN751629G and a 1955 Trailmobile Float VIN105305 and a Model W8G International loader VIN9811831, did knowingly and intentionally exercise control over and appropriate such property without the owner's effective consent, which property had a value of $200.00 or more but less than $10,000.00."
When the trial court applied the law to the facts in the application paragraphs of the appellants' charges, no mention of the Trailmobile Float and the International Loader was made:
"Therefore, if you believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that Howard Freeman was the owner of property, to-wit: a 1972 White Freightliner # 4000 VIN751629G, and that the [appellant], did, in Hopkins County, Texas, on or about October 26, 1978, knowingly or intentionally exercise control over and appropriate said property without the effective consent of the said Howard Freeman, and with the intent to deprive the said owner of the said 1972 White Freightliner # 4000 VIN751629G, which property had a total value of more than $200.00, you will find the defendant guilty."
The jury verdicts signed by the jury foreman read:
"We, the jury, find the defendant guilty of theft of over $200.00."
The only allegation as to ownership that the jury had to find in order to convict appellants was in relation to the 1972 White Freightliner. Our review of the evidence adduced at trial shows that Jimmy Jacobs, the investigator with the Department of Public Safety, testified that he ran a check on the truck stolen by the appellants and found that it was registered to Howard Freeman, Inc. of 1424 East Grauwyler Road in Irving. In addition, Howard *112 Freeman took the stand and testified that he was president of Howard Freeman, Inc. located at 1424 East Grauwyler in Irving. He testified that his company owned one model 4000 White Freightliner which was stolen on the night of October 26, 1978, along with a lowboy trailer and a W-8-E Case rubber tired loader. Freeman was shown a photograph of the truck stolen by appellants and testified that it appeared to be his truck. He further testified that the truck was valued at approximately $12,000. He also examined a picture of the W-8-G loader stolen by appellants and identified it as belonging to his company. Freeman testified that the lowboy trailer was valued at $6,000 and the loader valued at $8600. We find the evidence sufficient as to the ownership of the truck.
Appellants' third ground of error is worded as follows:
"THE COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO CONDUCT A HEARING ON ENTRAPMENT AS A MATTER OF LAW SINCE THE CASE IN CHIEF SHOWED AN ABUNDANCE OF EVIDENCE WHICH WOULD PROVE ENTRAPMENT AS A MATTER OF LAW."
A reading of the text under this ground of error suggests that appellants are contending that the trial judge should have found as a matter of law that they were entrapped.
A reading of the record compels us to find that the issue of entrapment was not raised with regard to appellant Sloan. We note that although the defense of entrapment is not available to a defendant that denies the commission of the offense, it is available to a defendant who pleads not guilty and who does not take the stand or offer any testimony inconsistent with the commission of the crime. Norman v. State, 588 S.W.2d 340, 345 (Tex.Cr.App. 1979). Thus in the instant case, where appellant Sloan did not testify, it is conceivable that he could still rely on the benefits of the entrapment defense. We now turn to the merits of his argument.
V.T.C.A., Penal Code, Section 8.06(a) provides as follows:
"It is a defense to prosecution that the actor engaged in the conduct charged because he was induced to do so by a law enforcement agent using persuasion or other means likely to cause persons to commit the offense. Conduct merely affording a person an opportunity to commit an offense does not constitute entrapment." (emphasis added)
The statute quoted above mandates that there must be a direct link between the defendant and the law enforcement agent. The defendant must be induced by the law enforcement agent, not by another co-defendant as we have in the present case. It was appellant Melton who had the contact with both Jacobs and Lemmons. It was appellant Melton who invited appellant Sloan to become involved in the offense. There is no showing in the record that any law enforcement agent ever made contact with appellant Sloan or induced him in any way. A similar argument was made in Norman v. State, supra. In Norman a panel of this Court rejected the defendant's defense of "vicarious" entrapment after it was shown that the law enforcement agent only had personal contact with an individual named Reyes who then induced the defendant's husband who then induced the defendant to deliver heroin. The panel went on to hold:
"To hold otherwise would not advance the policy behind this "objective" test of entrapment as adopted by the Legislature in Section 8.06, supra, which is to deter police conduct violative of law enforcement standards in a civilized society. As stated, only the individual acted upon by the unscrupulous agent enjoys the benefit of the objective test in Section 8.06, supra. The Legislature in Section 8.06, supra, has balanced the benefit of the deterrent effect upon law enforcement agents of allowing unscrupulously induced defendants to go free, with the cost to society of allowing someone other than the directly induced defendant to avail himself of the defense. We note this same cost-benefit analysis has been applied to illegal search and seizure exclusionary *113 rule questions. The U.S. Supreme Court has balanced the benefit of the deterrent effect upon law enforcement agents who conduct illegal searches and seizures by suppressing the evidence illegally obtained therefrom with the cost to society of suppressing same. (citations omitted). The immediate and calculable "cost" of sustaining a "vicarious" entrapment defense outweighs the uncertain and therefore negligible deterrent value upon law enforcement agents.
"The Legislative intent espoused in Section 8.06, supra, to make entrapment a personal defense and the cost of an unrestricted extension of the defense do not allow vicarious invocation of the entrapment defense.
"The vicarious entrapment defense espoused by the appellant attentuates the `cost-benefit' policy by allowing a defendant to discredit the inducement methods of State agents when she was never a party to such inducements. Such a policy would allow entrapment defenses by all defendants involved to prevail ad infinitum from the original improper use of governmental power by the State agent, regardless of whether each defendant was ever induced by the government to commit the crime in the first place." Norman, supra at 346.
Because the evidence presented at trial did not raise the issue of entrapment as to appellant Sloan, we overrule his ground of error.
Turning now to appellant Melton, we find that the issue of entrapment was raised. Normally, the factual issue of entrapment is a question for the jury, unless as a matter of law the accused has established beyond a reasonable doubt that he was entrapped. Redman v. State, 533 S.W.2d 29 (Tex.Cr.App.1976); McKelva v. State, 453 S.W.2d 298 (Tex.Cr.App.1970); Jones v. State, 427 S.W.2d 616 (Tex.Cr. App.1968). Where the evidence on the issue of entrapment is in conflict, the issue should be submitted to the jury. Poe v. State, 513 S.W.2d 545 (Tex.Cr.App.1974); Ransom v. State, 630 S.W.2d 904 (Tex.App. Amarillo 1982, no petition).
In Redman v. State, supra, after the undercover officer testified that he had bought marihuana from the defendant, the defendant testified that he sold marihuana to the undercover agent solely because of the agent's repeated requests and because he felt that his friendship with the agent depended on supplying him with marihuana. This Court held that since the issue of entrapment was controverted, the defendant had not proven entrapment as a matter of law and the issue was properly submitted to the jury. See also Benavidez v. State, 652 S.W.2d 486 (Tex.App.Corpus Christi 1983, no petition).
In the instant case, the only testimony directly relating to the entrapment defense was given by appellant Melton and DPS Investigator Jacobs. The evidence supporting the claim of entrapment was given by appellant Melton. Officer Jacobs testimony, if believed, refuted Melton's defense of entrapment. Credibility of the witnesses was therefore crucial. As such, we hold that entrapment was not established as a matter of law and the issue of entrapment was properly submitted to the factfinder. Starkey v. State, 647 S.W.2d 350 (Tex.App. Corpus Christi 1982, petition refused). Appellants' third ground of error is overruled.
In their seventh ground of error, appellants complain of several instances of improper jury argument by the prosecutor. Initially, we note that this ground of error is multifarious and fails to comply with Article 40.09(9) V.A.C.C.P. Thiel v. State, 676 S.W.2d 593 (Tex.Cr.App.1984); Euziere v. State, 648 S.W.2d 700 (Tex.Cr.App.1983); Felder v. State, 564 S.W.2d 776 (Tex.Cr. App.1978); Nabors v. State, 508 S.W.2d 650 (Tex.Cr.App.1974). Second, appellants' briefs contain no citation to authority or argument. The appellants have merely listed the instances of alleged improper conduct. This also is in violation of Article 40.09(9), supra. McWherter v. State, 607 S.W.2d 531 (Tex.Cr.App.1980); Williams v. *114 State 535 S.W.2d 637 (Tex.Cr.App.1976). Third, appellants' briefs only refer to the record by page numbers. Mere references to pages of the record do not sufficiently identify complained of testimony. Thiel v. State, supra.
Nevertheless we have reviewed this ground of error in the interest of justice and have found reversible error. During the prosecutor's closing argument during the guilt-innocence phase of the trial he argued the following:
"People, do you understand the quantity of what we're dealing with here today? Do you understand there is over three hundred Case backhoes out there missing, 580's?"
Appellant Sloan's counsel immediately objected on the basis that there was no evidence produced which connected the defendants to any other equipment other than what was alleged in the indictment. The trial court sustained this objection and ordered the jury to disregard the prosecutor's previous statement. When Sloan's counsel moved for a mistrial, the trial court overruled the motion. Then the prosecutor went on to argue the following:
"What did Jerry Wayne Melton talk about in his conversation? What are we talking about, one truck? No, we're talking about 977's, Case 580's, John Deere front end loaders. We're talking about D-8's, D-6's. We're talking about tractor trailer rigs, lowboy trailers. Folks, we're not talking about hubcap theft. We're talking about major theft. And, there is (sic) two major thieves right there in this courtroom."
In order to be appropriate, jury argument must fall within the areas of (1) summation of the evidence; (2) reasonable deduction from the evidence; (3) answer to argument of opposing counsel; or (4) a plea for law enforcement. Alejandro v. State, 493 S.W.2d 230 (Tex.Cr.App.1973).
Clearly the prosecutor in the instant case was trying to persuade the jury that these defendants were responsible for more than just the offense alleged in the instant indictment and to convict them on that basis. Such argument was totally outside the record and impermissible. Turrentine v. State, 536 S.W.2d 219 (Tex.Cr. App.1976); Thomas v. State, 527 S.W.2d 567 (Tex.Cr.App.1975); Rodriquez v. State, 520 S.W.2d 778 (Tex.Cr.App.1975). See also Walker v. State, 664 S.W.2d 338 (Tex. Cr.App.1984).
Ordinarily, any injury from an improper jury argument is obviated when the court instructs the jury to disregard the argument, unless the remark is so inflammatory that its prejudicial effect cannot reasonably be removed by such an admonishment. McKay v. State, 707 S.W.2d 23 (Tex.Cr.App.1985).
In Simpson v. State, 493 S.W.2d 793 (Tex.Cr.App.1973), the defendant was charged with the offense of selling heroin. During the punishment phase of the trial the prosecutor argued that not only had Simpson sold heroin on the date alleged in the indictment but also on three other occasions. This Court found that where there was no such evidence in the record, the prosecutor's remark was highly improper and prejudicial. Furthermore the Court held that although the trial court instructed the jury to disregard the prosecutor's statement, the instruction was insufficient to cure the error. We find a similar situation in the instant case. The prosecutor's tactic of imputing to the defendants the responsibility for the theft of 300 other pieces of heavy equipment was so prejudicial that we have no other alternative but to reverse the appellants' convictions. See also Lopez v. State, 500 S.W.2d 844 (Tex.Cr.App.1973).
Accordingly, the judgments are reversed and remanded.
TEAGUE, J., agrees that the appellants' convictions must be reversed because of improper jury argument, but disagrees with the majority opinion's disposition of appellant Melton's third ground of error.
WHITE, J., concurs in the result.
ONION, P.J., not participating.
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Join us to welcome French Tall Ship Hermione on her maiden Atlantic crossing. This three-day event will include a variety of programs and events for the education and inspiration of the public; receptions and dinners, free public deck tours and ship events, a heritage village, traveling exhibit, Jamestown Settlement's Godspeed, interpretive programs, Virginia's Finest fair, entertainment and educational programs. 9 a.m.-7 p.m.
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Use these S14/T50 LED Retrofit Bulbs to replace bulbs that have burned out or to change the look of your light string or display. The sun warm white color of these faceted bulbs makes a great decorating addition to formal occasions, such as a wedding, winter formal, etc., as well as other casual events, too. Use them alone or in combination with other colored bulbs to create the look that you are imagining. Rated for both indoor and outdoor use for maximum flexibility. Use LEDs for maximum energy efficiency and to save money on your electrical costs.


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Packed with athletic attitude, this T-shirt is a standout from Stella McCartney's SS19 collection. Made from soft organic cotton, the T-shirt features contemporary branding on the front and back. A small chest pocket allows your little boy to keep small treasures close to his heart. Team this with a pair of blue shorts and high top sneakers.


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Xbox One X lays a credible claim to the title of most powerful game console ever, but it has an uphill battle for your gaming dollar, especially if you.
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What Shall We Do with Black History Month?
Celebrate !
It's almost February and I could not let this month end without recognizing the importance of Black History Month and why we should continue to celebrate it. In case you didn't know, Black History Week was founded by noted Harvard-trained historian, Carter G. Woodson. In 1925, he founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and Culture (ASNLC), an organization devoted to raising awareness of the contributions of African Americans to world civilization. The first Black History Week was observed during the second week of February in 1926, covering the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass, (No, we were not assigned February because it was the shortest month!)
The observance was met with overwhelming response by schools and churches. Around the same time, James Weldon Johnson and his brother Rosamond wrote "Lift Every Voice and Sing" for a school program, and as former students continued to come back and revive the song and it eventually became the Negro National Anthem. It is still sung at Black History events today.
Fifty years later, schools and universities had broadened the celebration so that it could not be contained in seven days. So in 1976, it was expanded to Black History Month and recognized by the federal government. Many schools and churches use this month as a time to hold commemorative programs, promote speaking and writing contests for youth, disseminate important Black facts, and highlight African Americans from all walks of life, from entertainments, to scientists and authors. 1976 was also the Bicentennial, the celebration of America's 200th birthday as a nation. The Smithsonian Institute celebrated the contributions of hundreds of nationalities that year with festivals, plays, and touring artists of every medium.
Now, there are some celebrities and professors who feel that Black history should be celebrated every day, not confined to one month of the year, like popular DJ Tom Joyner. There are others, like actor Morgan Freeman, who feel that Black history no longer needs to be addressed separately from other races, since Black History is American history. Whatever your position or your race, take some time to examine the contributions of people who were long ignored in history books and classrooms. You will find some fascinating stories from real life.
Here are ten books I recommend as authorities on Black history:
1. The Destruction of Black Civilization, by Chancellor Williams
2. Before the Mayflower, Lerone Bennett,
3. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass
4. The Souls of Black Folk, W.E.B. DuBois
5. From Slavery to Freedom, John Hope Franklin
6. The Miseducation of the Negro, Carter G. Woodson
7. The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Malcolm X with Alex Haley
8. Roots, the Saga of an American Family, Alex Haley
9. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement, Aldon Morris
10.The African American Century, Henry Louis Gates & Cornell West
My Love Affair with Words

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Tens of members of the Islamic Movement of Nigeria (IMN) have been rounded up as they attended gatherings in Kaduna city following a state-wide ban announced on the organisation last week.
According to the latest reports received by IHRC a group of 20 women were detained as they made their way to a mosque to commemorate the Islamic month of Muharram.
Given the ongoing bloody persecution of the IMN by the authorities there is genuine concern for those detained.
Earlier this week Kaduna state government proscribed the IMN, making membership of the organisation illegal and imposing a prison term of seven years and/or an unspecified fine for those who violated it.
The sheikh and his wife Zeenat have been in detention without charge since December last year when they were shot during an army assault on the IMN in Zaria left over 1000 people dead. Sheikh Zakzaky has already lost the use of an arm and one of his eyes and risks losing his sight altogether unless he receives the proper medical attention.
The pair are being held mostly incommunicado by Nigeria's intelligence services (DSS), against due process and in contravention of Nigerian and international law.
Dr. Musa identified himself as a spokesperson of the IMN shortly after the ban was announced in public statements condemning the decision.


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Posted in Elections, Govt Incompentece
Dominican President Medina hints at legal help for Haitians
` February 27, 2014
Violeta Bosico, shown here within the Movement of Dominican-Haitian Women offices in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, could not be identified in photographs because her life could be put at risk from court proceedings surrounding her fight against the Dominican government, which denied the 26-year-old proper documentation to become a Dominican citizen. The case garnered worldwide attention when an international court ruled that the Dominican government violated basic human rights laws by denying Bosico a birth certificate. Photo by Brandon Quester
Miami Herald: J Charles
Haitians continue to call for a boycott of the Dominican Republic even as President Danilo Medina told Dominican lawmakers that he plans to present a naturalization law in the coming days.
Dominican President Danilo Medina said Thursday he plans to present a bill to his country's leaders to address thousands of persons born to undocumented foreigners but not considered Dominican citizens.
Medina made the announcement at end of an almost two-hour long speech before his country's National Assembly on the 170th anniversary of his country's independence from neighboring Haiti. He did not give a timetable.
The naturalization bill was part of the commitment he made to the European Union, United Nations and others, Medina said, but he did not elaborate — leaving some to wonder if it will resolve the conflict created by a Sept. 23 Constitutional Court stating anyone born to undocumented parents cannot be considered Dominican. The controversial decision was made retroactive to 1929 and affects thousands, the majority of whom are of Haitian descent.
As Medina addressed lawmakers, Haitians in Miami, New York, Chicago and Montreal rallied in the streets, calling for a boycott of the country's tourism industry until the decision is reversed. In recent months, popular Haitian bands have canceled scheduled shows and the National Bar Association, a U.S. group made up predominantly of black lawyers, also relocated a March conference.
"Every human being is born with inalienable rights, and denying these rights is racist, cruel, and inhumane," said protest organizer Marleine Bastien, who heads Haitian Women of Miami. "The world should continue to stand up together in protest, just like it did with Apartheid in South Africa because as Dr. Martin Luther King wisely stated: 'Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.' "
The anti-Dominican protests also came as hundreds of Haitians in the island rallied to remember the 10th anniversary of the second forced departure of former President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. They also decried corruption under current President Michel Martelly, and called on him to hold long overdue elections.
← The Damage That Good Can Inflict 'Fatal Assistance,' About Relief Efforts in Haiti
Haiti must end its de facto moratorium on democracy-Added COMMENTARY By Haitian-Truth →
3 thoughts on "Dominican President Medina hints at legal help for Haitians"
JACK PETERS says:
February 28, 2014 at
If the Dominicans hadn't screwed up, in the first place, taking citizenship from their own citizens, there would be no need for this bandaid approach
gregory st vil says:
Medina does not assist Haitians.He is assisting Dominicans with citizenship robbed from them.Shame!
Silvain Santius says:
Dominican Republic biased against all things Haitian.


The father of one of the Florida teens who went missing last year has finally spoken out after a Florida Fish and Wildlife report was released last month, detailing its findings.
Philip Cohen's 14-year-old son Perry, along with his 14-year-old friend Austin Stephanos, went missing in July 2015. Their fishing boat was only recovered in March, but there was no sign of the boys except for a few personal items, including Austin's waterlogged iPhone.
Phillip Cohen himself lives in San Diego, but he was in South Florida this week to file a motion at the Palm Beach Circuit Court to gain access to contents of the iPhone. Last week, a judge ruled that Austin's iPhone should be sent to Apple's headquarters for a forensic analysis. The findings, the judge said, would be sent to Pamela Cohen, Perry's mother and Philip's ex-wife.
Blu Stephanos, the father of Austin, filed a motion saying he has no objection to Philip's request. Pamela's attorney said she has no objection.
"Your brain won't even let you go down that path for too long because it's too painful to think about," Cohen noted, adding that he hopes someone might be able to provide a clue as to what happened to the teens.
"Perry's missing. The Coast Guard is looking for them. I had to let you know," Pamela Cohen told him the day after they went missing, he told the Palm Beach Post. He said they haven't spoken since that phone call. Philip said that he got on the next available plane to South Florida and spent the following six weeks in the area.
"I was basically crippled—mind and body," Cohen said.
He added that he would never allow his boy to get on a boat without adult supervision.
And he said that a strained relationship with he and his former wife had kept him out of the loop about developments in his son's case. In one example, Cohen said he didn't hear that a Norwegian ship found the boys' boat in March until he saw it on TV.
The two families, along with Philip Cohen, believe that Austin's iPhone could lead to new developments in the case.
Robert Heller, a digital forensics expert with CKC Consulting in Texas, told NBC News last week that the phone could be revived—despite it being in such a poor state.
The contents could include text messages that were never sent, call logs, or pictures. GPS-related information could be accessed as well, he said.
The two boys had gone out on a fishing trip the morning of July 24 from the Jupiter Inlet, just north of West Palm Beach, as severe weather was approaching. They didn't come home, and after 4 p.m. the Coast Guard was dispatched. Officials found the abandoned boat two days later, but when a marine salvage boat went out to tow it back, it had drifted away.


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June 15, 2014 10:19PM ET
'Weird Al' Yankovic Returning With New Album This Summer
Pop parodist announces date for first record since 2011's 'Alpocalypse'
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"Weird Al" Yankovic will be back next month with his first new album in three years. The veteran pop parodist announced over Twitter Saturday that the record will be released on July 15th, after teasing the news with several hints of a "big important cryptic announcement coming." The final tweet was an image of Yankovic dressed in what appears to be a Russian military uniform over the date in a Soviet-reminiscent script.
'Weird Al' Yankovic Lets His Pop Absurdity Do the Talking
Although the title and track list for the new album have not yet been released, a couple of hints have emerged. Earlier this week, TMZ reported that Yankovic had approached Iggy Azalea backstage at KS107.5's Summer Jam in Colorado to ask permission to parody one of her songs. Patton Oswalt also dropped a tantalizing clue on Twitter back in May. "Just listened to @alyankovic's upcoming album & I am in awe," he wrote. "He satirizes a band I've worshiped since the 90s & it…is…beautiful."
The new release will be Yankovic's 15th studio album and his first since 2011's Alpocalypse. It will also mark the end of his current record contract, and he speculated in an interview last year that he might begin to focus on digital distribution after that, since it would allow him to be more timely and topical. In a June 2013 blog post, however, he clarified that he was merely weighing his options, and had no plans to retire. "I truly love what I do, and if I ever stop working, it won't be of my own free will," he wrote.
Yankovic just finished his Alpocalypse tour last summer and published his second children's book, My New Teacher and Me! a year ago.
pic.twitter.com/q6NcHAhApn
— Al Yankovic (@alyankovic) June 14, 2014
In This Article: "Weird Al" Yankovic


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 106 Part 6.djvu/66
106 STAT. 4624 PUBLIC LAW 102-575—OCT. 30, 1992 this subsection may be brought in the judicial district where the alleged violation occurred or is about to occur, where fish, wildlife, or recreation resources are located, or in the District of Columbia. (3) LIMITATIONS.—(A) No action may be commenced under paragraph (1) before sixty days after written notice of the violation has been given to the Secretary. (B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), an action may be brought immediately after such notification in the case of an action under this section respecting an emergency posing a significant risk to the well-being of any species offish or wildlife. (C) Subparagraph (A) is intended to provide reasonable notice where possible and not to affect the jurisdiction of the courts. (4) COSTS AWARDED BY THE COURT. —The court may award costs of litigation (including reasonable attorney and expert witness fees and expenses) to any party, other than the United States, whenever the court determines such award is appropriate. (5) DISCLAIMER.—The relief provided by this subsection shall not restrict any right which any person (or class of persons) may have under any statute or common law to seek enforcement of any standard or limitation or to seek any other relief. (k) PRESERVATION OF STATE LAW.— Nothing in this section shall be deemed to preempt or supersede State law. SEC. 208. LIMITATION ON HYDROPOWER OPERATIONS. (a) LIMITATION. —Power generation facilities associated with the Central Utah Project and other features specified in titles II through V of this Act shall be operated and developed in accordance with the Act of April 11, 1956 (70 Stat. 109; 43 U.S.C. 6200. (b) COLORADO RIVER BASIN WATERS.— Use of Central Utah Project water diverted out of the Colorado River Basin for power purposes shall only be incidental to the delivery of water for other authorized project piuposes. Diversion of such waters out of the Colorado River Basin exclusively for power purposes in prohibited. SEC. 209. OPERATING AGREEMENTS. The District, in consultation with the Commission and the Utah Division of Water Rights, shall apply its best efforts to achieve operating agreements for the Jordanelle Reservoir, Deer Creek Reservoir, Utah Lake and Strawberry Reservoir within two years of the date of enactment of this Act. SEC. 210. JORDAN AQUEDUCT PREPAYMENT. Under such terms as the Secretary may prescribe, and within one year of the date of enactment of tiiis Act, the Secretary shall allow for the prepayment, or shall otherwise dispose of, repayment contracts entered into among the United States, the District, the Metropolitan Water District of Salt Lake City, and the Salt Lake County Water Conservancy District, dated May 16, 1986, providing for repayment of the Jordan Aqueduct Svstem. In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall take such actions as he deems appropriate to accommodate, effectuate, and otherwise protect the rights and obligations of the United States and the obligors under the contracts executed to provide for payment of such repayment contracts. SEC. 211. AUDIT OF CENTRAL UTAH PROJECT COST ALLOCATIONS. Not later than one year after the date on which the Secretary declares the Central TJtah Project to be substantially complete,
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Page:United_States_Statutes_at_Large_Volume_106_Part_6.djvu/66&oldid=8521305"


Juniper hopes to seize the Web 2.0 day by offering enterprise and service provider customers with a new set of cutting-edge networking technologies, which it introduced today at the New York Stock Exchange.
With telcos looking to provide better services at higher margins, and enterprise customers needing to meet surging demand for bandwidth to support IP-based video, telephony and collaboration tools, Juniper unveiled routers based on a new processor architecture that it claims is several orders of magnitude faster than anything else on the market.
To read more, please see Juniper Looks to Redefine Networking at CTO Edge.


text:
Vishnu (sanskrit) är en av hinduismens högsta gudar. I den polyteistiska hinduismen (vaishnavismen eller vishnuismen) dyrkas han som alla själars och världars yttersta ursprung. Han avbildas vanligen med blå hy och fyra armar, hållande en klubba och en diskus. Han sitter även på en lotusblomma och rider på en fågel, Garuda. Han bär en hjälm eller krona och åtföljs alltid av sin månghövdade kobra, Ananta-shesha. Hans hus Vaikuntha eller "Platsen utan ängslan", dit hans hängivna kommer efter livets slut.

Vishnu i Rigveda
Vishnu uppträder tidigast i Rigveda Samhita, hinduismens äldsta urkund. Redan här framstår han som en av de allra högsta gudarna:

" som är född eller kommer att födas, o Vishnu, i närheten av din storhet." (Rigveda 7:99:2)

"Härskaren Varuna (havets gud) och de båda Ashvinerna (två halvgudar) inväntar befallning från honom, som leder Maruternas (stormgudarnas) skara. Vishnu har den högsta makten ... " (Rigveda 1:55:4)

"Alla gudarna blickar alltid upp mot Vishnus fötter." (Rigveda 1:22:20)

"Agni (eldens gud) är den lägste av gudarna; Vishnu är den högste. Alla andra gudar har en plats någonstans mellan dessa båda." (Rigveda, Aitareya Brahmana 1:1:1)

Tillsammans med sin gemål härskar Vishnu i himlen, där de rättfärdigas själar får sin belöning efter döden. Han nämns ofta (93 gånger) i Rigveda, men det är få hymner som är direkt tillägnade honom. Detta fick 1800-talets religionshistoriker att dra slutsatsen att Vishnu från början endast varit en stams övergud. Hans kult hade tagits upp i den vediska religionen, men det var först i Yajurveda och Atharvaveda som han hyllades som dess högsta gudom. Ett indicium för detta var att inga motsvarigheter till Vishnu tycktes finnas i andra indoeuropeiska religioner, som fallet var med de flesta andra vediska gudar. Vishnu torde dock stå att identifiera med den slaviske skaparguden Vishnij eller Vishen. Enligt en teori, som förespråkats av bland andra Bernard Sergent (Genése de l'Inde, 1997), är Vishnu även identisk med germanernas Vidar; dennes namn betyder "vid" eller "stor", och ett möjligt upphov till Vishnus namn är ordet vishala som har samma innebörd. (Enligt den traditionella tolkningen är upphovet verbet vishati, "genomtränga"; namnet skulle alltså betyda "Den Alltgenomträngande"). Det kan jämföras med vishnij, som i fornslaviskan och alltjämt i ryskan betyder "hög". Namnet torde i Rigveda anspela på berättelsen om hur Vishnu genom att förvandla sig till en jätte kliver över hela universum med tre steg.

Historieforskningens syn på Rigveda har också förändrats sedan 1800-talet. Rigvedas hymner var avsedda att sjungas särskilt vid soma-offret, som var tillägnat åskguden Indra. De allra flesta hymner tillägnas Indra och eldguden Agni, som rådde över offerelden. Rigveda representerar därför knappast den folkliga religionen vid den här tiden. Indra måste till exempel be Vishnu om hjälp för att förgöra vidundret Vritra. Indologen Klaus K. Klostermaier skriver:

"Endast fem av de 1028 hymner som ryms i Rigveda tillägnas Vishnu, och bara vid ett fåtal andra tillfällen nämns Vishnu i andra hymner. Inte desto mindre är vi inte berättigade att dra slutsatsen att 'Vishnu var en mindre gudom' när Samhitorna författades. Rigveda representerar endast en avdelning av de vediska indiernas religion och innehåller hymner som användes vid det högt utvecklade och betydelsefulla soma-offret, som förrättades av de rättrogna brahmanerna. Det är riktigt att säga att Vishnu inte spelade någon framträdande roll i soma-offret, men de attribut som tillskrivs honom ger oss skäl att säga att han var betydelsefull. Tillsammans med Indra åkallas han som befriaren från Vrtra, och kallas 'den störste' [RV 7:99]. Han fyller den mycket viktiga funktionen som "upprätthållare" av himmel och jord, och ger livsrum åt alla varelser." (Klostermaier 2000:83.)

Statyer av Vishnu har hittats i undervattensruinstaden Dvaraka (översvämmad mellan 1500-talet och 1300-talet f.Kr.), liksom ett tempel tillägnat hans fiskgestalt Matsya.

Solgud
Enligt en tolkning var Vishnu ursprungligen en solgud. Denna plats skulle i Rigveda ha övertagits av den "nuvarande" solguden i hinduismen, Vivasvan eller Savitar. Anhängare av teorin tyckte sig dock se spår av solkulten i berättelsen om hur Vishnu klev över jorden och himlarna med tre steg. (I senare litteratur återges denna berättelse om Vishnus avatar eller uppenbarelseform som Vamana, dvärgen.) Där Vishnu tog sitt tredje steg inrättade han sin himmelska boning, som alltså skulle vara solen. "Vishnus tre steg" tänktes representera solen när den går upp, står i zenit och går ner. Denna tolkning avfärdas numera av de flesta religionshistoriker; Vishnus tredje steg sägs vara i den högsta himlen, och kan därför knappast beteckna solnedgången. Den strålglans som enligt Rigveda omger Vishnu och flödar från hans boning är kännetecknande för de flesta vediska gudar; sanskritordet för gud, deva eller sura, betyder ordagrant "skinande". (I senare monoteistisk litteratur är Vishnus strålglans den opersonliga världssjälen, Brahman, som alltså har sitt ursprung i Vishnu.

Monoteistisk kultur
Redan vid tiden för de fyra Veda-böckernas tillkomst tycks Vishnu ha haft en särställning, som sedan vuxit stadigt. Medan andra rigvediska gudomligheter, som Indra, Varuna och Ushas, förlorade alltmer i popularitet för att till slut helt upphöra att dyrkas, prisas Vishnu genom hela den vediska litteraturen som gudars och människors skapare och herre, som devadeva, Gudarnas gud, och som Param Brahman, den Högsta Brahman. Skaparguden Brahma (den vediske Prajapati) sägs i Puranas ha fötts ur en lotusblomma som spirat ur Vishnus navel, och Shiva (den rigvediske Rudra) uppges ha fötts ur hans panna. Tillsammans bildar dessa gudomligheter en triad, Trimurti, där Brahma, Vishnu och Shiva personifierar de skapande, bevarande respektive förgörande krafterna i universum. I en annan, mindre känd treenighet består av Vishnu eller Bhagavan (ungefär "Den som besitter alla majestät"), den högsta, personliga aspekten av det gudomliga; Paramatman eller Översjälen är den form i vilken han dväljs i alla varelsers hjärtan och vägleder dem, som deras samvete; och Brahman är gudomens opersonliga aspekt, ur vilken alla själar och fysiska världar har formats.

Avatarer
Vishnu har på många håll kommit att dyrkas i form av sina avatarer eller "nedstigningar", det vill säga olika former som han uppenbarar sig i. För den materialistiska historieskrivningen har det varit uppenbart att dessa föreställningar uppstått genom att olika gudar och hjältar sammansmält med Vishnu, i och med att hans popularitet ökat. Andra har velat se berättelserna om avatarerna som ett uttryck för en framväxande tro på själavandring. Denna tolkning framstår inte som särskilt trovärdig, då en avatar inte är detsamma som en inkarnation; Vishnu antar aldrig en fysisk kropp, utan uppenbarar sig alltid i sin ursprungliga, andliga form (se till exempel Bhagavad-Gita 4:6). Vishnus shakti eller energi kan emellertid ta plats i en människa, som då kallas en shaktyavesha-avatara. Som sådana räknas bl.a. Buddha och Vyasa, som sammanställde de vediska skrifterna.

Som beskyddaren av dharma, den religiösa lagen, stiger Vishnu regelbundet ner för att skapa ordning och rättvisa i människosamhället: "För att befria de fromma och förinta de trolösa, såväl som för att återupprätta de religiösa principerna, framträder Jag tidsålder efter tidsålder." (Bhagavad-gita 4:8) Den vediska litteraturen listar hundratals avatarer: Purushottama, Dhanvantari, Janardana, Narayana med flera. Man räknar dock vanligen med tio avatarer, som framträtt under de senaste tidsåldrarna. En lista över dessa avatarer följer nedan.

 Matsya, Fisken, uppträder i den vediska syndaflodsberättelsen (återgiven bland annat i Shatapatha Brahmana, Matsya och Bhagavata Purana och Mahabharata), där han varnar Manu (den vediske Noa) för den kommande översvämningen. Han räddar också de vediska skrifterna från att förgås i vattnet.
 Kurma, Sköldpaddan, lyfter det himmelska berget Meru på sitt skal och hjälper gudarna att kärna Mjölkhavet, ur vilket de utvinner nektarn eller amritan som gör dem odödliga. Berättelsen återges bland annat i Mahabharata.
 Varaha, Vildsvinet, lyfter jorden ur Urhavet som demonen Hiranyaksha försökt dränka den i, och dödar sedan demonen i strid. Berättelsen finns bland annat i Bhagavata Purana.
 Narasimha, Lejonmannen, är en mångarmad uppenbarelseform med lejonhuvud. Han dödar Hiranyakshas bror, Hiranyakashipu, som tagit makten över världen. Förklaringen till Narasingas form är att Hiranyakashipu, genom lång och svår självtukt, fått löfte från Brahma om att inte kunna dödas av varken människa eller djur, varken på morgonen eller på dagen, varken på marken eller i luften osv. När Hiranyakashipu försöker döda sin son, Prahlada, på grund av dennes hängivenhet till Vishnu, uppenbarar sig Narashinga och dödar demonen utan att något av Brahmas löften behöver brytas; Narashingha är varken människa eller djur, han kommer i gryningen och lägger Hiranyakashipu i sitt knä innan han sliter sönder honom. Berättelsen finns i Bhagavata Purana.
 Vamana, Dvärgen, uppenbarar sig när demonen Bali har tagit makten över hela universum. Han har formen av en brahmanpojke, som kommer till Balis palats på en av de himmelska planeterna och ber om en donation (att ge gåvor till brahmaner är en urgammal sed i Indien). Balis guru förstår att det är Vishnu och varnar Bali, som frågar Vamana vad han vill ha. Vamana ber endast om så mycket mark som han kan kliva över med tre steg. Bali beviljar honom detta, men medan Vamana tar sina steg växer han, så att hans andra steg når utanför universum. Vamana frågar Bali var han ska ta sitt tredje steg, eftersom hela universum redan är hans. Bali ber honom då att sätta sin fot på hans huvud. Vamana gör så, och vid beröringen med Vishnus fot blir Bali hans hängivne. Berättelsen återges i Bhagavata Purana.
 Parashurama, "Rama med yxan", är en shaktyavesha-avatara; han är alltså inte Vishnu själv utan har fått andlig kraft (shakti) av honom. Parashurama är en brahmana som tar till vapen och förgör hela världens kshatriyer eller furstar, eftersom de har avvikit från dharman eller den religiösa läran. Berättelsen om Parahurama återges i Ramayana och Bhagavata Purana. Parashurama förlorar senare sin shakti när han utmanar Vishnus avatar Rama till strid.
 Rama är prins av Ayodhya och son till kung Dasharatha av Soldynastin. Om honom handlar eposet Ramayana. Rama är tronarvinge men blir genom intriger vid hovet förvisad till vildmarken i 14 år. Med honom följer, frivilligt, hans bror Lakshman och hans gemål Sita. Sita blir senare bortrövad av demonen Ravana, som tar henne till sitt kungarike på Lanka. Rama tar sig till Lanka med en armé av apor och björnar, genom att bygga en bro mellan Indien och Lanka (den smala landbryggan mellan Indien och Sri Lanka kallas för Ramas bro). Efter långvariga strider dödar han Ravana och befriar Sita.
 Krishna är, jämte Rama, den överlägset mest populäre avataren. Han framträdde i slutet av den förra tidsåldern, Dvapara Yuga, som en konung av Måndynastin, och uppenbarade lärodikten Bhagavad-gita, "Bhagavans sång", för människorna i den kommande tidsåldern. Enligt Puranas och Upanishaderna är Krishna i själva verket Vishnus ursprung och inte tvärtom; men i sin ursprungliga form dväljs han alltid i sin andliga boning, Goloka, och när han framträder i den fysiska världen är det som Vishnu i någon av dennes avatarer.
 Buddha är en annan shaktyavesha-avatara. Enligt de vediska skrifterna (Bhagavata Purana) uppenbarade han sig för att avskaffa de vediska djuroffren, dels för att dessa omständliga ritualer inte är den frälsningsväg som är avsedd för denna tidsålder (Kaliyuga), dels därför att offren missbrukades eftersom de utfördes av människor som ville äta kött utan att ådra sig karma (genom att endast äta offerkött). Buddha skapade en ny, agnostisk dharma för de ogudaktiga och gav dem moraliska riktlinjer (vegetarism, nykterism och avhållsamhet från lögn, hasardspel och rusdrycker). Det viktigaste med buddhismen, som under århundradena efter Buddhas död växte sig nästan lika stark som Veda-religionen i Indien, var emellertid att den ledde dessa människor bort från offerförrättandet. (När buddhismen fyllt sin funktion återinfördes de vediska skrifternas principer av 700-talsförkunnaren Adi Shankara, enligt traditionen en inkarnation av Shiva (Shankara är ett namn på Shiva). Han gav en impersonalistisk tolkning av skrifterna som tilltalade många buddhister; han återupplivade tron på en individuell själ, som Buddha hade förkastat, och ersatte buddhisternas Nirvana med den opersonliga världssjälen som livets mål. När Shankaras panteistiska religion fått fäste i Indien och Veda-skrifterna åter hölls som religiös auktoritet, framträdde på 1000-talet Ramanuja, en inkarnation av Vishnus kobra Ananta-shesha, som förkastade hans tolkning av skrifterna och återupplivade den monoteistiska vishnuismen. Därmed var religionen återställd.)
 Kalki, Ryttaren, är en framtida avatar. Enligt Bhagavata Purana kommer han att uppenbara sig i slutet av denna tidsålder (om 427 000 år) för att förgöra det moraliskt förfallna människosamhället och inleda den nya tidsåldern, Satya Yuga, som blir början på en ny cykel av tidsåldrar.

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Man critically injured in Olathe dump truck accident
Man was doing mechanical work when truck moved
Updated: 11:29 AM CDT Jul 21, 2014
A 36-year-old man is in critical condition after a dump truck rolled over him.The accident happened at 7:31 a.m. at the Lone Elm Quarry on 151st Street in Olathe, Kan. Police said the man was doing mechanical work under the truck when it was moved.The accident remains under investigation. If you have any information, you're asked to call the Olathe Police Department at 913-971-7500.11833402
OLATHE, Kan. —
A 36-year-old man is in critical condition after a dump truck rolled over him.
The accident happened at 7:31 a.m. at the Lone Elm Quarry on 151st Street in Olathe, Kan. Police said the man was doing mechanical work under the truck when it was moved.
The accident remains under investigation. If you have any information, you're asked to call the Olathe Police Department at 913-971-7500.


I don't want to pull you in.
I wrote this poem back in September, inspired/influenced by other members of the community I joined for my depression. I thought I would share, but not count it as one of my own- entirely. I hope you enjoyed.
A muse often becomes a mirror for words that share light reflected from the soul, the psyche, the heart of love … !


Making creative laser cut cards at CWI!
Order your own laser cut cards!
Take a look at a few of the laser cut cards we have been working on lately! We have been busy little bees at the CWI studio lately with lots of wedding invitations and stationery orders for the busy spring/summer wedding season.
We absolutely love laser technology! It allows us to do laser engraving and laser cutting on a variety of materials and with an increased freedom on graphic designs!
The Art Deco Glamour invitation is a laser cut acrylic card and comes in smart box.
The Vintage Bird invitation is laser cut onto bamboo and is perfect for a vintage or rustic themed wedding.
The St.Getrude tree is an elegant intricate laser cut wedding invite available in variety of colours.
For more information on creating your invitations contact us here.


Don't let your bad credit stop you from following your dreams! Read this guide and learn tips on how to get students loans with bad credit now!
Typically, your ability to get a loan or a credit card is reliant on your credit score. This score, determined by FICO and crediting agencies, is your ticket in. The average credit score among Americans is 687, so if you have a score at or above that, you're in pretty decent shape.
When it comes to getting student loans though, none of this matters. Currently, 40 million Americans have student loans, and 70% of bachelor's degree recipients graduate with student loan debt.
Clearly, not all of this people had above-average credit, and yet they were still able to get student loans. You can follow suit.
Below, we'll show you how to get student loans with bad credit.
When it comes to student loans, there are two routes you can take, separately or simultaneously: the private route, and the public route.
The private route can be incredibly difficult to traverse, while the public route is a piece of cake.
But nevertheless, we'll take you through both options.
Obtaining a loan from a private institution, like any bank, always requires that you have good credit. This is an issue for most college-aged students because their credit is either nonexistent or poor.
This is often the case because one of FICO's biggest determinants when giving you a credit score is credit history. At 18 years old, you likely haven't had very much credit history at all. In order to show that you're responsible enough to be loaned money, you have to have a track record of responsibility, to begin with. It's a bit of a catch-22.
If you're 18 and you do have a credit card, the account is likely too young to give you a good credit score. Either that or you've been bad at paying off your balances. Let's face it: High schoolers are not the most responsible demographic.
All that said, there is still something you can do.
This is really how to get student loans with bad credit in the private sector. Much like a car lease or an apartment rental application, getting a cosigner can turn that "no" to a "yes" on your student loan application.
In order for this to work, though, your cosigner should have a long, strong credit history with, ideally, a credit score well above 700. This cosigner is ultimately responsible for the debt owed to the bank if you become unable to pay it.
The best place to start looking cosigner is your family. Ask your mom or dad for help on this issues, and they'll likely oblige. If they're good at managing your family's finances, they should be in good shape credit-wise.
Getting a cosigner is typically the only way most private lenders will give out student loans.
There are some banks that will hand out student loans to people with bad credit, but these lenders are typically predatory, tucking obscene hidden interest rates into their loan offers. You should avoid them at all costs.
If you don't know how to get student loans with bad credit, your first and best option should be to hit up Uncle Sam for some cash. The federal government gives out student loans to anyone, regardless of their credit scores.
Most of the time, they don't even run a credit check at all. The other benefit is that the government is less profit-concerned so their interest rates are less steep and more friendly to college students.
There are also several different types of loans you can apply for through the government's free application process.
These government loans, sometimes called Stafford loans, are fixed-rate loans. Depending on your year in school, you can borrow up to 3,500, 4,500, or 5,500 dollars each year.
The biggest benefit to these loans is that, if you defer payment on them while you're in school, the government will eat the cost of the interest rates. The interest rate also isn't very high to begin with, at just 3.76%.
Every potential student qualifies for these loans regardless of financial need or your parents' income. The only qualification is that you are a dependent student, meaning you're under 24 years old, aren't married, and aren't a veteran.
Depending on your year in school, you can borrow up to 5,500-7,500 dollars each year. The only difference between these loans and subsidized loans is that you're responsible for the paying the interest. The government won't help you out there.
This type of loan is only for those with dire financial needs. Also, these loans are funded primarily by participating colleges, not the federal government. So, you'll want to check with your school's financial aid office.
If your school does participate in this program, you can borrow up to 5,500 dollars per year regardless of your year in school. The interest rates on these loans are also a little higher at 5%.
These loans are for either graduate students or parents who want to borrow money to pay off their children's tuition. These loans have the highest interest rates of all among federal loans at 6.31%.
Because of this, it would be worth seeking out your private options to see if you can get a better offer. If you have nonexistent credit, though, this is a good option to turn to.
The general wisdom is that you should first apply for all of the available federal student loans you can. Only then should you turn to private institutions.
Of course, the reality is that you're probably going to a need a loan cocktail with many ingredients to pay your college tuition. The cost of tuition is skyrocketing. A meager $5,500 loan may not even put a dent in the cost of your college education.
This is especially true if you're going out of state or to a private Ivy League college. But fear not, you'll be able to find some financial aid in some capacity.
Hopefully, this post gave you some ideas on how to get student loans with bad credit. If you need any more financial advice, be sure to check out the finance section of our site.


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Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art Two
73 Belford Road, Edinburgh, EH4 3DS
Opening times Daily 10am–5pm.
Website www.nationalgalleries.org/visit/…
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Photo: Wonderhouse © National Galleries of Scotland
Opened in 1999 in a former orphanage, the Scottish National Galleries' second modern art gallery, formerly known as the Dean Gallery, stands across the road from its partner, just outside Edinburgh's Dean Village. Since its opening it has housed the Paolozzi Gift, a collection of works by Sir Eduardo Paolozzi, given to the gallery in 1994. It also has an extensive collection of Dada and Surrealist art and literature. The gallery has a large garden that contains several sculptures, as well as a picnic area for sunny days. For less perfect weather, however, the Café Modern Two inside serves some fantastic light lunches and snacks.
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The Drawing Room examines the range of possibilities within contemporary drawing practice and explores how mark-making can also be conceived as sculpture, installation, video, performance, writing, sound, textiles and animation. All materials are supplied and no experience necessary. The Changing Places toilet is…
Modern Two
Prices to be confirmed / 0131 624 6200
Paolozzi Studio
Sir Eduardo Paolozzi is considered one of the most versatile sculptors in post-war Britain. He was born into an Italian-Scots family and grew up in Leith, Edinburgh, later moving to London. Throughout his career, Paolozzi combined his work as an artist with teaching in art colleges in British and, for periods, in Germany.
…and 69 more dates until 31 Mar
A major retrospective of the print work of Portuguese artist Paula Rego, bringing the politics of her work to the foreground.
£11.50 / 0131 624 6200
…and 88 more dates until 19 Apr
Ray Harryhausen: Titan of Cinema
Film special effects superstar Ray Harryhausen elevated stop motion animation to an art during the 1950s to 1980s. For the first time, highlights from Ray's collection will be showcased, which will be the largest and widest-ranging exhibition of his work ever seen, with newly restored and previously unseen material from…
£14 / 0131 624 6200
Sun 24 May
Mon 25 May
…and 153 more dates until 25 Oct
Telling Stories: Artists' Books and Prints from the National Galleries of Scotland Collection
Accompanying the Paula Rego | Obedience and Defiance exhibition, this display looks at narrative works in the permanent collection. The National Galleries of Scotland's collection of works on paper and artists' books spans the twentieth century and beyond, from artists illustrating literary classics, to book objects…
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Best free world-class art to enjoy in Edinburgh and Glasgow
With a range of free galleries and exhibitions across both cities, there's plenty of scope to have a very arty day out on a shoestring budget
In Edinburgh, entry to all of the National Galleries doesn't cost a penny. The Scottish National Gallery on the Mound has one of the best fine art collections in the world, and is open daily (10am–6pm). Here, you'll find masterpieces by Botticelli…
Edinburgh Art Festival features of leading international and UK artists
Major retrospectives of Rembrandt and Nolde are alongside work from emerging and established artists from Tacita Dean to Bill Viola
The Edinburgh Art Festival is in full swing, and whether you're a visual art fan who's already planning your itinerary or you just feel like taking a break from the tsunami of live performance, there are a lot of ways to see something a little quieter…
The Best Activities for Kids and Families in Edinburgh
Places to go and things to do in Auld Reekie
Visitors have been climbing to the top of Camera Obscura's rooftop chamber for over 150 years, so they must be doing something right. Up there, you can view Edinburgh through a giant periscope, 'pick up' a bus or person on a piece of paper, and learn…
The most significant works of art in Edinburgh
Scotland's National Galleries are home to many major works
What's your idea of true art? The perfect peachy bums of The Three Graces? Football mastermind Sir Alex Ferguson rendered in cut-up red postcards? A stern-faced ice-skating minister? Whatever tickles your artistic fancy, you can be sure to find it in…
Visual art: In the frame
The most significant works of art in Scotland
Glasgow and Edinburgh's galleries and museums play host to some of the most famous art works in the world. David Pollock selects the ten you cannot afford to miss.
Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art One
Belford Road, Edinburgh
39 Manor Place
New Town, Edinburgh
St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral
Palmerston Place, Edinburgh
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Union Gallery
Drumsheugh Place, Edinburgh
William Street, Edinburgh
Ed Cross Fine Art at The English Speaking Union
Atholl Crescent, Edinburgh
The English Speaking Union
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text:
Promyllantor és un gènere de peixos marins pertanyent a la família dels còngrids i a l'ordre dels anguil·liformes.

Distribució geogràfica
Es troba a l'Atlàntic sud-oriental (la República Democràtica del Congo) i la conca Indo-Pacífica (des del golf d'Aden fins al mont submarí Lord Howe i Nova Caledònia, incloent-hi l'Índia sud-occidental i Sulawesi -Indonèsia-).

Cladograma

Referències

Bibliografia

Còngrids


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Rising from the ashes: women in Vanuatu's economic recovery
May 28, 2021 | Sista i Shine | 0
Women business owners and Phoenix Project participants. Photo: Groovy Banana
The business world in Vanuatu is still predominantly male oriented, but COVID-19 related job losses have shown no gender favouritism. Loss of income for families has driven men to fruit picking overseas and families becoming reliant on remittance money to finance the basics of life like food, school fees and bills.
So, where does this leave women? Well in Sylvia's case, it means managing both the family retail business and the household in the busy village of Mele, close to the capital of Port Vila. Her husband has been working from farm to farm in Australia under the Seasonal Worker Programme since the borders closed last year.
As the effects of COVID-19 started to impact businesses in Vanuatu early last year, the Vanuatu Business Resilience Council (VBRC) decided to work with female business owners tasked with managing more of the business responsibilities. The Phoenix Women in Business program was developed. This program offers support to local women business owners and was one of five projects that the Women's Peace and Humanitarian Fund (supported by UN Women) chose to fund after an internationally competitive bid.
"This is the first time Vanuatu has been granted this sort of funding via the Peace and Humanitarian Fund with technical support from UN Women", says Glen Craig, VBRC Chairman. He added,
The participating women business owners are being provided the tools to stay resilient and to endure this current period of economic downturn, while being supported to grow their businesses into the future. Our focus is accelerating economic recovery by providing targeted support to female small business owners who in turn will lead the economic recovery of their communities.
Women who have been selected for the pilot program are being provided technical business skills development, leadership coaching, personal counselling, and one-on-one business mentoring.
Participants who complete the program will be offered the chance to present their business plans to the program's committee with grant funding being offered to those viewed as promising.
While it might feel right now that it's not a good time to invest in business, it may be a particularly important time to invest in women in business", says Ms Astrid Boulekone, General Manager of the Vanuatu Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI), which has partnered with VBRC in this initiative.
The program is currently supporting nine women from a variety of industry sectors including hospitality, manufacturing, tailoring and construction. The program participants were carefully selected via an intensive interview process where they needed to demonstrate their desire to keep their businesses up and running during these difficult times, and to better utilise their leadership position in their communities. "With employment numbers right down, each job that is saved and each business that is strengthened counts", adds Ms Boulekone.
One of the first things to change for Sylvia after joining the Phoenix Program was her financial management. Improved understanding of cash flow and pricing, and how to keep an accurate profit and loss statement has meant that Sylvia is better able to manage her money. She is now less stressed and better able to plan.
Sylvia has also participated in life skills workshops (learning about confidence and self-esteem) and leadership development programs, and has learnt how to implement improved sales and marketing techniques. She now has a steady flow of orders for her tailoring business and this, alongside income from her community retail store, has boosted her confidence. The increase in demand for her services means she has now employed two full-time staff to assist with the work — young women from her own community. Sylvia's dream is to be a successful and respected businessperson, and through her reputation and business skills be able to offer employment and training opportunities to other young women in her community.
"A big part of this for me is my support network", she adds. Sylvia is currently helped by extended family who support at home, looking after the kids and allowing her to put in the time required to manage her workload.
The Phoenix Project is being implemented by the Vanuatu Chamber of Commerce and Industry on behalf of the Vanuatu Business Resilience Council and is a COVID-19 response project funded by the Women's Peace & Humanitarian Fund, with technical support from UN Women. Support in establishing the project was provided by Governance for Growth, a DFAT-funded program supporting a range of economic issues and public financial management reform in Vanuatu. These donors recognise that private sector organisations have the agility, flexibility, and innate understanding of how businesses work to make the programs successful.
Let's all hope that the 'phoenix rising' effect continues and ensure that we remain active and engaged in supporting the economic recovery of Vanuatu, via its strong women.
Disclosure: The Vanuatu Business Resilience Council (VBRC) is a standing committee of the Vanuatu Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI). VCCI is Vanuatu's National Private Sector organisation and every registered business is automatically a member of VCCI. The authors work for the VCCI and the views expressed are their own.
This article appeared first on Devpolicy Blog (devpolicy.org), from the Development Policy Centre at The Australian National University.
Nicola Barnes Is the Project Manager for the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Vanuatu. She is a Vanuatu citizen with a passion for developing business skills and demonstrating the role a business can play in supporting a community.
Joanna Spencer is the Development Adviser for the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Vanuatu. She is responsible for policy reform and overall governance strengthening of the Chamber. Joanna is dedicated to the development of programs and services focused on strengthening Vanuatu's private sector.
SOURCE: VANUATU DAILY POST
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Epidemas is een geslacht van vlinders van de familie uilen (Noctuidae), uit de onderfamilie Cuculliinae.

Soorten
E. cinerea Smith, 1894
E. melanographa Hampson, 1906
E. obscura Smith, 1903


This is not the first time I've eaten escargot, but it's the first time I've eaten it in France. One difference I noticed in France (at least at the particular restaurant where we ate) is that they leave the snails in their shells, where when I've eaten escargot outside of France, it was already out of the shell. If I hadn't eaten and fallen in love with escargot prior, I would have found it a lot more challenging to eat it out of the shell because it gives more of that sensation that it was actually picked up off the ground while it was slowly crawling, then it was cooked, and then it was put on my plate instead of pretending it was small pieces of rich dark meat chicken.
How does escargot taste? Heavenly! My 6 year old daughter who is a lot braver than I would have ever been at her age, ended up eating 3 of them within a couple of minutes because she loved them so much. My wife agreed that they were delicious too. They taste like a very rich dark meat chicken with a slight earthiness flavor to them. They are usually cooked in a buttery garlic mix, so they have a strong flavor of both. They are not very cheap, 6 of them will run you 11 Euros (about $15), but they are worth it.
I recommend you try escargot next time you visit France. If you're too chicken to taste a dish that tastes like chicken, there are other alternatives………………………………….you wimp! You can eat Steak and Frites (fries), burgers, sushi, chinese food, sandwiches on a baguette and so much more.
I will never eat snails!


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Ian Brown - The Greatest
Double Album 2LP Black Vinyl Records
Imported by Captain Stomp
The Greatest is a compilation album by British musician Ian Brown, released in September 2005 via Polydor Records.
Ian Brown is the lead singer of the British rock band The Stone Roses, whose debut album The Stone Roses (1989) is regarded as one of the greatest British albums ever recorded. The bands second album Second Coming (1994) did not live up to expectations generated by their debut, and the band eventually split in 1996 with Ian Brown pursuing a solo career. The Stone Roses have since reformed in 2011 and played live shows occasionally and recorded a couple of new singles.
Ian Brown's first solo studio album Unfinished Monkey Business was released in 1998 and he has released a further five studio albums Golden Greats (1999), Music Of The Spheres (2001), Solarized (2004), The World Is Yours (2007) and My Way (2009). His solo albums have all charted strongly, with a number of them reaching Top 10 in the UK. He has also had fourteen Top 40 UK singles.
Ian Brown has also collaborated several times with British electronic / trip hop band UNKLE, of which two of these appear on this compilation album.
The Greatest features material that appeared on his first four solo studio album and includes two new songs "All Ablaze" and "Return of the Fisherman".
The Greatest showcases this wonderful singer and is a great introduction to his material. The album reached #5 on the UK Albums charts.
Check out the tracks: "My Star"; "Corpses"; "Be There"; ""Dolphins Were Monkeys"; "Keep What Ya Got"; and "All Ablaze".
This limited edition double album 2LP record set is on black vinyl with printed inner sleeves and re-sealable plastic sleeve, pressed in the UK via Fiction Records.
(602498729809)
My Star (Album Version)
Corpses In Their Mouths (Album Version)
Can't See Me (Bacon & Quarmby Remix)
Be There (UNKLE featuring Ian Brown)
Love Like A Fountain (Single Version)
Dolphins Were Monkeys (Single Version)
Golden Gaze (Single Version)
F.E.A.R. (Album Version)
Whispers (Album Version)
Forever And A Day (The Greatest Version)
Keep What Ya Got (Album Version)
Time Is My Everything (Album Version)
Longsight M13 (Album Version)
REIGN (UNKLE featuring Ian Brown)
Lovebug (The Greatest Version)
All Ablaze (The Album Version)
Return Of The Fisherman (The Album Version)
Record Label Polydor Records
Catalogue Number 987 298-0
Country UK - United Kingdom
Release Date (Year) 25 June 2015
Original Release Date (Year) 12 September 2005
Format Limited Edition Double Album 2LP Records, Black Vinyl, Printed Inner Sleeves
The Stone Roses - Turns Into Stone
Anastacia - Not That Kind


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ANTIOXIDANTS are substances that fight the harmful free radicals inside the body. They are generally considered as Anti-aging and fight all chronic problems and prevent diseases like diabetes, cancer, etc.
Grape Seed Extract is the extract from seeds of Vitis vinifera (both red and green grapes).
It is one of the most powerful antioxidants that fights free radicals.
It remains in the body for as long as three days whereas other antioxidant carotenoids (even lycopene) is excreted from the body within hours.
It is one of the few antioxidants that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier to help protect the brain and nerve tissue that the French people had very low rates of heart diseases is called French Paradox. Studies showed the secret was in their, and further research demonstrated that OPC present in their promotes cardiovascular health. And now, Grape seed extract has been found to contain the richest sources of OPCs (Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins).
ASTHAXANTHIN is the unique and powerful antioxidant. Asthaxanthin should be in every antioxidant formulation because it stops antioxidants from becoming 'pro-oxidants'.
CoenzymeQ10 is compound involved in making ATP (energy unit) inside mitochondria of cell. It boosts energy, enhances immune system and acts as an antioxidant.
GRAPOVIT® has BIOTIN-a unique Vitamin. Also known as Vitamin B7, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine hydrochloride) or Vit. H. Biotin is a coenzyme in the metabolism of fatty acids and leucine, and it plays a role in gluconeogenesis.Biotin is also called vitamin H (the H represents "Haar und Haut", German words for "hair and skin"). It has beneficial effects on hair and skin.
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I opened up with Zandalari Anklerender and casting Primal Cry followed by Black Claw the following round. Threw in Hunting Party and Grubbles was fish food after the second round of Hunting Party. I did have Zandalari Anklerender die to an unlucky crit once so I restarted the fight.
Zandalari Anklerender was still trapped in the fight so I threw Black Claw on Scrags the round I knew Zandalari Anklerender would die. Brought in the Sunreaver Micro-Sentry threw on Extra Plating and Call Lightning the next round followed by Fel Immolate.
Bringing my Clockwork Gnome into play I cast Build Turret then Metal Fist. You could try for here Repair but I never did. When Build Turret is off cooldown cast another if you can. Put my Sunreaver Micro-Sentry back into battle and again put up Extra Plating and Call Lightning follwed by Metal Fist. The dot from Fel Immolate and Build Turret paired with Call Lightning made quick work of Stings.
I also found if you are having trouble with Stings putting in a Nexus Whelpling in place of the Clockwork Gnome with Mana Surge can help quicker. During the fight let the Sunreaver Micro-Sentry stay in the fight where you would swap to the Clockwork Gnome. When Stings comes in keep Call Lightning and a Fel Immolate if you can, let Mana Surge fly and celebrate.
1) Flayer Youngling - as a humanoid, he takes less damage from Grubbles and using Triple Snap and Rampage (beast attacks) he has the advantage.
2) Death Adder Hatchling - any beast with burrow will do, though. Use burrow to avoid Scrags's Rampage.
3) Fledgling Nether Ray - a flyer with a solid magic attack to finish off Stings.
8. continue Crush until Grubbles is history.
Two pet battle against Grubbles, Scrags, Stings.
Alpine Foxling using Howl and Bite until he dies. That should kill both Grubbles and Scrags and get you a little bit of the ways through Stings.
Kill Stings with Festival Lantern using Flash then Light. One Beam should be all it takes to end the fight.
You could keep a mechanical like Beam on hand for just in case.
I wanted to try my Teroclaw Hatchling against this group because it's been working surprisingly well for me in a lot of fights lately. Backup Pet: Nexus Whelpling (1,2,2).
With a Safari Hat, my level 5 Dark Phoenix Hatchling received a life-altering 96 xp.
I threw together a (1,1,1) Kun-Lai Runt, a (1,2,1) Mechanical Axebeak, and a (1,2,2) Nexus Whelpling.
- "Any pet with Haywire" probably works in slot 2. Stormborne Whelpling has the same main attacks as slot 3, might work.
1. If your Iron Starlette is P/P or P/S breed (<1465 health), you may need to keep your Lil' Bad Wolf in the battle until after Scrags uses Clobber - prior to switching to Iron Starlette .
2. If your Iron Starlette dies during battle with Stings, you can swap in your Dread Hatchling and spam Shadow Talon.
1. Rampage - Grubbles dies from this.
4. Haywire Kills Scrags with first charge and damages Stings with second.
3- Bite until you can use Crouch again.
Just keep doing 1/2/3 ; Grubbles and Scrags should be dead before your pet.
Pay attention to your pets life : when it's under 50% DO NOT use Howl, use it just before your Fel Pup death. It should give you a +100% damage buff on your Nexus Whelpling for one round, it could allow you to swo-shot Stings !
This NPC can be found in Lunarfall (7) and Frostwall (5).