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SCC Rules on Threshold to Commence an Action Based on the Secondary Market Liability Regime
Sylvie Rodrigue, Ad. E. Andrew Gray Geneviève Bertrand Marie-Ève Gingras
On April 17, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) released its decision in Theratechnologies Inc. v. 121851 Canada inc., confirming that the "reasonable possibility" test provided for under section 225.4 of the Québec Securities Act (QSA) for authorization to commence an action under the new Québec statutory secondary market liability regime and the leave test in similar regimes across Canada requires some credible evidence that there is a realistic chance that the plaintiff will succeed at trial.1 2
The SCC unanimously granted the appeal of Theratechnologies Inc. (Thera). While the SCC agreed with the Quebec Court of Appeal (QCA) on the authorization threshold set out in section 225.4 QSA, which requires more than a mere possibility of success, it did not share the QCA's conclusion that the threshold was met in this case. The SCC held that there was insufficient evidence credibly pointing to a material change that could have triggered Thera's timely disclosure obligations under section 73 QSA and, consequently, the authorization threshold was not met.
In the course of considering an application for approval of Thera's new drug, tesamoralin, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) raised questions concerning risks of side effects. Bloomberg, Dow Jones and Thomson Reuters published information concerning the FDA's questions, but Thera itself did not make any disclosure about the FDA's questions. The same day the reports were published, and on the basis of this information, the plaintiff sold its shares of Thera for a loss. Thera's share price also fell that day by 58%. Two days later, a public hearing was held by the FDA advisory committee, at which the committee unanimously voted to approve tesamoralin. Thera issued a press release announcing this development, and its share price recovered.
The plaintiff filed a motion seeking the authorization of an action pursuant to section 225.4 QSA, and authorization of a class action. The plaintiff alleged that, in breach of section 73 QSA, Thera failed to disclose a material change, namely the questions raised by the FDA before it approved tesamoralin. The judge in first instance granted leave to the plaintiff to bring an action pursuant to section 225.4 QSA and authorized the class action. Thera sought leave to appeal the authorization of the judgment pursuant to section 225.4 QSA and the QCA upheld the Superior Court judgment authorizing the plaintiff to institute a class action against Thera pursuant to section 225.4 QSA.
The "Reasonable Possibility" Test
Section 224.5 QSA sets out two criteria for the authorization of an action for damages under the QSA's new statutory secondary market liability regime: the plaintiff must show it is acting in good faith and that the action has a reasonable possibility of success. The SCC considered that there was no dispute that the plaintiff's action was brought in good faith, and that the case turned on the interpretation of "a reasonable possibility" that the plaintiff's action be resolved in its favour.
The SCC reviewed the history and objectives of the authorization mechanism set by section 225.4 QSA and concluded that this provision emerged out of the efforts to develop a more meaningful and accessible form of recourse for investors throughout Canada. Prior to the adoption of the statutory secondary market liability regimes, investors in Québec faced the heavy burden of the general civil liability regime of the Québec Civil Code, which requires to prove a fault, a prejudice and a causal link between the two. The causality element proved particularly difficult to demonstrate in the securities context. In common law provinces, proof of reliance on an alleged misrepresentation in an issuer's continuous disclosure was required, making secondary market claims unsuitable for certification as class actions. The new statutory regimes deem reliance on a misrepresentation. However, in order to strike a balance between ensuring the rights of investors to a meaningful remedy and preventing costly unmeritorious litigation, the "reasonable possibility" test was adopted in Québec and across Canada.
The SCC agreed with the QCA's conclusion that demonstrating a reasonable possibility of success under section 225.4 QSA is a different and higher burden than the general burden for the authorization of a class action, but is a lower burden than proof on a balance of probabilities. The SCC held that the threshold is more than a "speed bump" and that the courts must undertake a reasoned consideration of the evidence to ensure that the proposed action has a realistic chance of success. This requires the plaintiff to offer a plausible legal theory as well as some credible evidence in support of the proposed action.
In the present case, the SCC found that the plaintiff failed to present sufficient evidence supporting that there was a reasonable possibility that the action be resolved in its favour. Section 5.3 QSA provides that a material change has two components: there must be a change in the business, operations or capital of the issuer and the change must be material in that it is reasonably likely to have a significant effect on the market price or value of the issuer's securities. The SCC concluded that the plaintiff did not point to any evidence of a material change. Consequently, the plaintiff's action under section 73 QSA had no reasonable or realistic chance of success.
The SCC's decision on the interpretation of the higher burden to meet under section 225.4 QSA compared to the general burden under article 1003 CCP is not surprising considering the different language used in the QSA. However, this judgment is significant in that for the first time the SCC has interpreted the "reasonable possibility" test that is found in securities legislation across Canada and concluded that the test is intended to be a meaningful screening device for securities class actions.
1 2015 SCC 18.
1 RSQ, c V-1.1.
To discuss these issues, please contact the author(s).
This publication is a general discussion of certain legal and related developments and should not be relied upon as legal advice. If you require legal advice, we would be pleased to discuss the issues in this publication with you, in the context of your particular circumstances.
For permission to republish this or any other publication, contact Janelle Weed.
© 2019 by Torys LLP.
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Description: Le Clervaux Boutique & Design Hotel is a Five Stars Hotel positioned in the medieval village of Clervaux, Luxembourg. It was transformed by JOI-Design into the most stylish destination in Clervaux, a village in the mountains of northern Luxembourg renowned for its outdoor lifestyle and gourmet cuisine. Opening to widespread acclaim in September 2012, the restored hotel now is graced with 22 new spa suites and completely refashioned F&B areas. The team's design's concept preserves the unique character of the estate, in part dating back to the early 1900s, while also creating a stylish spa destination to attract new tourists to Clervaux.


text:
TELOS CLO 2007-2, Ltd.
Rating Action: Moody's upgrades rating on $22.0 million of notes issued by TELOS CLO 2007-2, Ltd.
Rating Action: Moody's Upgrades ratings on $60.0 million of CLO notes issued by TELOS CLO 2007-2, Ltd.
Rating Action: Moody's upgrades ratings on $60.0 million of notes issued by Telos CLO 2007-2, Ltd.
Rating Action: Moody's upgrades the ratings of $89.5 million of notes issued by TELOS CLO 2007-2, Ltd.
Rating Action: Moody's upgrades the ratings of notes issued by Telos CLO 2007-2, Ltd.
Moody's upgrades ratings on USD 87.5 million of notes issued by Telos CLO 2007-2, Ltd.
Moody's also affirms the ratings on USD 150.2 million of notes
New York, August 15, 2014 -- Moody's Investors Service has upgraded the ratings on the following notes issued by Telos CLO 2007-2, Ltd.:
U.S. $27,500,000 Class B Third Priority Senior Secured Floating Rate Notes Due 2022, Upgraded to Aaa (sf); previously on May 6, 2013 Upgraded to Aa1 (sf);
U.S. $22,000,000 Class C Fourth Priority Mezzanine Secured Floating Rate Deferrable Interest Notes Due 2022, Upgraded to Aa2 (sf); previously on May 6, 2013 Upgraded to A3 (sf);
U.S. $22,000,000 Class D Fifth Priority Mezzanine Secured Floating Rate Deferrable Interest Notes Due 2022, Upgraded to Baa2 (sf); previously on May 6, 2013 Affirmed Ba1 (sf);
U.S. $16,000,000 Class E Sixth Priority Mezzanine Secured Floating Rate Deferrable Interest Notes Due 2022, Upgraded to Ba2 (sf); previously on May 6, 2013 Affirmed Ba3 (sf).
Moody's also affirmed the ratings on the following notes:
U.S. $241,000,000 Class A-1 First Priority Senior Secured Floating Rate Notes Due 2022 (current outstanding balance $110,249,161.85), Affirmed Aaa (sf); previously on May 6, 2013 Affirmed Aaa (sf);
U.S. $40,000,000 Class A-2 Second Priority Senior Secured Floating Rate Notes Due 2022, Affirmed Aaa (sf); previously on May 6, 2013 Upgraded to Aaa (sf).
Telos CLO 2007-2, Ltd., issued in June 2007, is a collateralized loan obligation (CLO) backed primarily by a portfolio of senior secured loans, with significant exposure to middle market loans. Telos Asset Management LLC (a subsidiary of Tiptree Financial Inc. (NASDAQ: TIPT)) acts as collateral servicer of Telos CLO 2007-2, Ltd. The transaction's reinvestment period ended in July 2013.
These rating actions are primarily a result of deleveraging of the senior notes and an increase in the transaction's over-collateralization ratios since October2013. The Class A-1 notes have been paid down by approximately 54.3% or $130.8 million since October 2013. Based on the trustee's July 2014 report, the over-collateralization (OC) ratios for the Class A/B, Class C, Class D and Class E notes are reported at 140.27%, 127.98%, 117.66% and 111.15%, respectively, versus October 2013 levels of 129.30%, 120.69%, 113.16% and 108.25%, respectively. The July 2014 OC ratios do not reflect the $51.2 million payment to the Class A-1 notes on the July 15th payment date.
Methodology Used for the Rating Action
The principal methodology used in this rating was "Moody's Global Approach to Rating Collateralized Loan Obligations" published in February 2014. Please see the Credit Policy page on www.moodys.com for a copy of this methodology.
Factors that Would Lead to an Upgrade or Downgrade of the Rating:
This transaction is subject to a number of factors and circumstances that could lead to either an upgrade or downgrade of the ratings:
1) Macroeconomic uncertainty: CLO performance is subject to a) uncertainty about credit conditions in the general economy and b) the large concentration of upcoming speculative-grade debt maturities, which could make refinancing difficult for issuers.
2) Collateral Manager: Performance can also be affected positively or negatively by a) the manager's investment strategy and behavior and b) differences in the legal interpretation of CLO documentation by different transactional parties owing to embedded ambiguities.
3) Collateral credit risk: A shift towards collateral of better credit quality, or better credit performance of assets collateralizing the transaction than Moody's current expectations, can lead to positive CLO performance. Conversely, a negative shift in credit quality or performance of the collateral can have adverse consequences for CLO performance.
4) Deleveraging: An important source of uncertainty in this transaction is whether deleveraging from unscheduled principal proceeds will continue and at what pace. Deleveraging of the CLO could accelerate owing to high prepayment levels in the loan market and/or collateral sales by the manager, which could have a significant impact on the notes' ratings. Note repayments that are faster than Moody's current expectations will usually have a positive impact on CLO notes, beginning with those with the highest payment priority.
5) Recovery of defaulted assets: Fluctuations in the market value of defaulted assets reported by the trustee and those that Moody's assumes as having defaulted could result in volatility in the deal's OC levels. Further, the timing of recoveries and whether a manager decides to work out or sell defaulted assets create additional uncertainty. Moody's analyzed defaulted recoveries assuming the lower of the market price and the recovery rate in order to account for potential volatility in market prices. Realization of higher than assumed recoveries would positively impact the CLO.
6) Exposure to credit estimates: The deal contains a large number of securities whose default probabilities Moody's has assessed through credit estimates. If Moody's does not receive the necessary information to update its credit estimates in a timely fashion, the transaction could be negatively affected by any default probability adjustments Moody's assumes in lieu of updated credit estimates.
In addition to the base case analysis, Moody's also conducted sensitivity analyses to test the impact of a number of default probabilities on the rated notes relative to the base case modeling results, which may be different from the current public ratings of the notes. Below is a summary of the impact of different default probabilities (expressed in terms of WARF) on all of the rated notes (by the difference in the number of notches versus the current model output, for which a positive difference corresponds to lower expected loss):
Moody's Adjusted WARF -- 20% (2474)
Class A-1: 0
Class B: 0
Class C: +1
Class D: +2
Class E: +1
Moody's Adjusted WARF + 20% (3710)
Class C: -2
Class D: -2
Class E: -1
Loss and Cash Flow Analysis:
Moody's modeled the transaction using a cash flow model based on the Binomial Expansion Technique, as described in Section 2.3 of the "Moody's Global Approach to Rating Collateralized Loan Obligations," published in February 2014.
The key model inputs Moody's used in its analysis, such as par, weighted average rating factor, diversity score and the weighted average recovery rate, are based on its published methodology and could differ from the trustee's reported numbers. In its base case, Moody's analyzed the collateral pool as having a performing par and principal proceeds balance of $264.3 million, defaulted par of $15.5 million, a weighted average default probability of 20.59% (implying a WARF of 3092), a weighted average recovery rate upon default of 47.33%, a diversity score of 45 and a weighted average spread of 3.79%.
Moody's incorporates the default and recovery properties of the collateral pool in cash flow model analysis where they are subject to stresses as a function of the target rating on each CLO liability reviewed. Moody's derives the default probability from the credit quality of the collateral pool and Moody's expectation of the remaining life of the collateral pool. The average recovery rate for future defaults is based primarily on the seniority of the assets in the collateral pool. Moody's generally applies recovery rates for CLO securities as published in "Moody's Approach to Rating SF CDOs." In some cases, alternative recovery assumptions may be considered based on the specifics of the analysis of the CLO transaction. In each case, historical and market performance and the collateral manager's latitude for trading the collateral are also factors.
A material proportion of the collateral pool includes debt obligations whose credit quality Moody's assesses through credit estimates. Moody's analysis reflects adjustments with respect to the default probabilities associated with credit estimates. Specifically, Moody's assumed an equivalent of Caa3 for assets with credit estimates that have not been updated within the last 15 months, which represent approximately 5.18% of the collateral pool.
For further specification of Moody's key rating assumptions and sensitivity analysis, see the sections Methodology Assumptions and Sensitivity to Assumptions of the disclosure form.
Moody's did not receive or take into account a third-party assessment on the due diligence performed regarding the underlying assets or financial instruments related to the monitoring of this transaction in the past six months.
Moody's describes its loss and cash flow analysis in the section "Ratings Rationale" of this press release.
As the section on loss and cash flow analysis describes, Moody's quantitative analysis entails an evaluation of scenarios that stress factors contributing to sensitivity of ratings and take into account the likelihood of severe collateral losses or impaired cash flows. Moody's weights the impact on the rated instruments based on its assumptions of the likelihood of the events in such scenarios occurring.
For ratings issued on a program, series or category/class of debt, this announcement provides certain regulatory disclosures in relation to each rating of a subsequently issued bond or note of the same series or category/class of debt or pursuant to a program for which the ratings are derived exclusively from existing ratings in accordance with Moody's rating practices. For ratings issued on a support provider, this announcement provides certain regulatory disclosures in relation to the rating action on the support provider and in relation to each particular rating action for securities that derive their credit ratings from the support provider's credit rating. For provisional ratings, this announcement provides certain regulatory disclosures in relation to the provisional rating assigned, and in relation to a definitive rating that may be assigned subsequent to the final issuance of the debt, in each case where the transaction structure and terms have not changed prior to the assignment of the definitive rating in a manner that would have affected the rating. For further information please see the ratings tab on the issuer/entity page for the respective issuer on www.moodys.com.
For any affected securities or rated entities receiving direct credit support from the primary entity(ies) of this rating action, and whose ratings may change as a result of this rating action, the associated regulatory disclosures will be those of the guarantor entity. Exceptions to this approach exist for the following disclosures, if applicable to jurisdiction: Ancillary Services, Disclosure to rated entity, Disclosure from rated entity.
Shana Sethi
Asst Vice President - Analyst
Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
JOURNALISTS: 212-553-0376
SUBSCRIBERS: 212-553-1653
Ramon O Torres
Senior Vice President/Manager

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Friday, October 1, 12 noon: New Mexico Women Authors' Book Festival, New Mexico History Museum, Santa Fe, NM: As part of the Women Authors Book Festival Educational Presentations program, Martha discusses "Writing For A Multicultural Audience".
Friday, October 1, 5:00 pm: Santa Fe Antiquarian Book Show, El Museo Cultural, 1615-B Paseo de Peralta, Santa Fe, NM: Martha signs La Ranfla & Other New Mexico Stories.
Saturday, October 2, 12:55 pm: New Mexico Women Authors' Book Festival, New Mexico History Museum, Santa Fe, NM: Martha reads from her book, La Ranfla & Other New Mexico Stories in Fiction-Tent 3.
Saturday, October 16, 12:30 - 1:30 pm: Texas Book Festival, Austin, Texas: Martha joins a panel discussion moderated by Katherine Durham Oldmixon in the Texas State Capitol Extension, Room E2.016. "110 in the Shade: Writing about the Southwest" will include fellow authors Carrie Fountain, Tom Miller, and Bryan Woolley.
January 29: SOMOS, Taos, NM: Martha is a guest of the Society of the Muse of the Southwest. She discusses and signs her books.
March 12-13: Tucson Festival of Books, Tucson, AZ: Martha signs her books in the University of Arizona Bookstore and at the Poisoned Pen Bookstore booth.
April 8-9: New Mexico Library Association Annual Conference, Ruidoso, NM: Martha's books are on display at the NMBA booth where she puts in a cameo appearance.
April 9-11: Border Book Festival, La Mesilla, NM: Martha signs her books, teaches a workshop called "Writing Stellar Prose", & reads "Granny" from her new book of short stories.
May 25-27: Book Expo America, Javits Center, New York: Copies of Martha's new book, La Ranfla & Other New Mexico Stories, are shown at the IBPA booth and the New Title Showcase. Signing Wednesday morning at IBPA Booth.
June 24-29: American Library Association,Washington, DC: Martha's books are on display at the IBPA booth & New Title Showcase.
July 23: Sam Weller's Bookstore, Salt Lake City, Utah: Martha begins her Western Slope Tour reading La Ranfla & Other New Mexico Stories at Salt Lake City's legendary bookstore. Sam Weller's is located at 254 S. Main St. For more info: 801-328-2586.
July 26: Bitter Creek Books, Vernal, Utah: Martha Egan reads the exciting whitewater rafting scene from her novel, Clearing Customs at Bitter Creek Books, 684 W. Main St. More info at 435-789-4742.
July 27: Barnes & Noble, Grand Junction, CO: Martha reads from La Ranfla & Other New Mexico Stories at Barnes & Noble, 2451 Patterson Road. More information at 970-246-5113.
July28: Let It Grow Nursery, Cortez, CO: Martha puts in an all too brief cameo appearance at Let It Grow, 90 North Mildred Rd. Plants, food, books, coffee, & wi-fi. All the essentials of life, almost. Call 970-565-3099.
July 29: Andrea Kristina's Bookstore & Kafé, Farmington, NM: Martha Egan rocks Four Corners with a story from La Ranfla at Andrea Kristina's, 218 W. Main. For a good time call 505-327-3313.
September 23: Mountains & Plains Independent Booksellers Association Conference, Denver Tech Center, Denver, CO: Martha joins other regional authors in a gala booksigning event.


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Wear this style alone or add on a charm. However you choose to enjoy it, 10K gold will always shine brightly. This 3.8mm wide hollow rope chain necklace measures 24 inches in length, and it secures with a lobster claw clasp.


text:
Features Places to See
Places to See: Dickens Walking Tour (Borough)
Charles Dickens, by (George) Herbert Watkins 1858
Visiting London? Dickens fan? Have an hour and forty-five minutes and £10? Then spend it wisely by taking this tour in the heart of London's Borough district. This is a walking tour of some of the places important to Dicken's life and stories.
The tour is given by author, broadcaster and Blue Badge Tourist Guide, Richard Jones. Richard is wonderfully friendly, patient and extremely knowledgeable in all things Dickensian. Not only is he well versed in Dicken's life and works, he is also familiar with London and can give you advice on what to see and what to do while you visit. As someone who owns a copy of Richard's Walking Dickensian London , I was really looking forward to taking the tour.
The tour starts off at Borough tube station beside the Church of St. George the Martyr, also known affectionately as "the Little Dorrit Church". The Church stands beside the remaining wall of the infamous Marshalsea Prison, where Dicken's father was incarcerated for debt. Scenes from Little Dorrit revolve around this church and Richard pointed out that the it houses a small depiction of Little Dorrit in the East window of the church.
The walk then moves on to the Marshalsea and we were regaled with stories about the prison, Dickens horrible experience working at the blacking house, his father's imprisonment and Dicken's life just across the street from the Marshalsea. Richard gave some great insight into Dicken's personality, not just as a celebrated author, and some of the personal issues he struggled with due to his own perceived abandonment as a child.
The tour then moved along to the famous George Inn, a pub that has been around since the late sixteenth century and was mentioned by Dickens in The Pickwick Papers . We wound our way through a garden Dickens helped support, to Borough market and then along the Thames while gathering bits of interesting information about Dickens and London's history.
This particular tour doesn't enter any buildings so it is dog friendly for those of you wondering if you can bring along your furry four-legged friends. There are several London tours showing different areas so it is best to check before embarking but for the Borough based tour, there was a man with a dog and it wasn't an issue. It's not a tiring walking tour, it's set at a leisurely pace with plenty of stopping for rest breaks while you listen to the story of each location. You won't see a million different places in an hour and forty-five minutes but when you combine the stories, Richard's vast knowledge and the sites the tour brings a part of Dickensian London to life. It was fun, informative and enjoyable, suitable for any age and a great way to see some of Borough and Southwark.
~Sandra Alvarez
Tours depart promptly at 11:30am from Borough tube station. For more information on upcoming dates, please visit: www.london-walking-tours.co.uk
Follow Richard Jones on Twitter: @Magicwalks
Like Richard Jones on Facebook: London Discovery Tours
Follow us on Twitter: @englandhistory
Like us on Facebook: Early Modern England
TagsA Christmas Carol • Charles Dickens • Literature • Little Dorrit • London • Nineteenth century • Places to See • Richard Jones • The Marshalsea • The Pickwick Papers • Travel • Victorian Age • Walking Tours


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How does Just Projectors help you know the right one for the job, well we ask you the model of the one you are going to replace, to measure the width of the screen and the distance back to the mount, yes that is a bit annoying to have to do this, maybe the room is busy but you are faced with the prospect of having to spend more money for a projector with a better zoom and greater flexibility where it is placed for the sake of maybe 5 mins. Upgrading from the VGA really old connection to HDMI. Casio in the most part, offering staggering 20,000 lamp life. Yes they are good but they are not cheaper to run, other brands offer 10000 lamp life, 1 replacements would still be cheaper than the Casio's but there is the hassle of having to have a spare lamp and find someone who can change it although it's really simple - undo 2 screws, pull out, put new one in and do up 2 screws. The other big decision to make is do you go down the ultra short throw option, place the projector directly over say the whiteboard, avoid the annoying glare into the teachers eye. There are plenty of these short throw classroom projectors, the best brands for schools are Epson, NEC, BenQ offering great pricing and fantastic warranties ensuring you have total peace of mind. Buy a classroom projector might result in multiple projectors being rolled out, so you need to get a bulk buying discount or a projector that one solution fits all, we know we can help you with that, chat with us or call 01256 882629.
We sell many classroom projectors, we prefer to speak to you as there are various factors to consider. We offer great pricing, we can accept a purchase order and we have experts that know their stuff. Please call 01256 882629 for advice.


text:
SommWine
WSET certified courses
online wine courses
professional wine training for staff
By Joanne
In history of wine, wine regions
How 4 North American Grape Vine Diseases Destroyed the Vineyards of Europe
The History of French Wine Law - Part I
It's the middle of the 19th century, wine is THE most traded commodity in the world. It was not the arms trade (as it is today); it was wine. Then 4 North American grapevine diseases cross the Atlantic and destroy most of the vineyards of Europe.
The backdrop...
Imagine living during the Industrial Revolution: a time of progress, technology, speed and immense changes to the social order. Railways and steamships connect goods quicker than ever to markets around the entire globe.
Previously, society was rigid and simply divided. There were peasants and there was the nobility. But during this time, two other classes emerge; the middle class of small business owners, doctors, and scientists and an upper class of wealthy entrepreneurs such as factory owners.
Not only would this new wealth require a much larger working class of domestic workers to service them, it meant that wine was affordable to a much broader population.
So, new codes form to govern social behaviour. The middle classes create etiquette rules that govern how to dress, give a dinner party and pay social calls. What's more, wine becomes a central feature of middle class affluence.
These thriving middle and upper classes create unfettered consumer demand for European wines. At the same time, international trade routes connect wines at speeds never before imagined to relentlessly growing markets.
[Want to know the effects of the wine industry crashes on the peasant class? Read this post here]
Yet, domestically in France, trade routes were still cumbersome and slow.
Nevertheless, in Western Europe farmers rush to meet the demand. It stimulates a planting frenzy that ensues throughout France, Italy and Spain. These 3 countries are the largest producers of the world's wine; a fact that was just as true then as it is today.
And then, the wine market crashes. Not just once, but many times.
This is the first post in a series of 4.
Below details how 4 North American grapevine diseases destroyed the vineyards of Europe. We'll discuss powdery mildew, the phylloxera louse, downly mildew and finally black rot; what they are, how they are spread and ways to mitigate the damage caused by them.
Visit us again for Part 2 where we take a closer look at the devastating effects on the peasant class during the so called 'dark ages' of wine. You'll get a feel for what it was like for farmers to watch their vineyards die due to unknown circumstances. The destruction of Europe's vineyards has effects that carry over into the 20th century and through until today.
Desperate to produce wine, farmers plant the first ever French hybrid vines and a planting frenzy ensues covering more hectares under vine than ever before.
Come back to read Part III of the History of French Wine Law when we track the wine merchants and their responsibility in flooding the markets with falsified wine. When good harvests return to France in the 20th century, merchants continue to import grapes and grape prices will hit rock bottom. Farmers all over France revolt. We'll dive deep into the differenes between how the Bordelais, the Champenois growers and the people in Southern France (le Midi) react to these tumultuous years. This time, armed with voting rights, the French government is forced to react. You'll see how the government responds using the first enactments of French wine law in each region.
In Part IV, we will learn why everyone interested in wine education or WSET certification needs to know the history of French wine law.
More imortantly, we'll share everything you need to know about French wine law so that you can understand how to read a French wine label.
In fact, the French have so much influence over the wine world, many French terms have been adopted internationally. We'll make you familiar with many of these terms. We'll also show you why wines labelled with AOC (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée) is a guarantee that you are drinking a great bottle of wine!
How 4 North American Grapevine Diseases Destroyed Vineyards in Europe
So why during the golden era of wine trading, did the market crash?
The wine market crashes of 1845, 1863, 1882 and 1885.
Wine growth during the 19th century is primarily fuelled by improved trade routes that bring goods to markets around the world. Ironically, it is equally the cause of it's demise. Transatlantic trade brings back grapevine diseases from North America that European vines can't withstand. This is how 4 North American grapevine diseases destroyed vineyards in Europe.
The 4 North American Vine Diseases that Destroyed Europe's Vineyards...
1. Powdery Mildew - 1845
Powdery mildew (öidium in French; uncinula necator in Latin; Erysiphe necator to specify the disease specifically in grapevines and now more widely known as E. necator). This grapevine disease attacks the green parts of vines. It gets it's name from the spores that multiply into powdery looking cobweb-like growths.
How does it spread?
Winds will swiftly spread the disease. Found in England in 1845, it will cross the Atlantic to France by 1847. This is the first grapevine disease that will destroy the vineyards of Europe.
powdery mildew disease destroyed vineyards in Europe -"Papaya (Carica papaya): Powdery mildew" by Plant pests and diseases is licensed under CC PDM 1.0
It spreads by 2 main mechanisms. First it spreads easily by wind in its 'conidia' powdery form, where it can later overwinter in the vine. If powdery mildew infects the buds, the shoots that grow in the spring (called flag shoots) will have the cobweb looking 'conidia' all over and spread it to the rest of the green parts of the plant as it grows.
Second, there is a sexual form of powdery mildew called 'cleistothecia'. These are black spherical bodies that overwinter in the vine bark. These are particularly dangerous as it allows the fungus to reproduce. In this situation, powdery mildew has the ability to build a resistance to fungicides.
Unlike other fungal diseases, powdery mildew can germinate in dry conditions. In fact, rain can actually hinder it's development. Still, it particularly loves damp, shaded areas. The shade part being most helpful in creating conditions that are good for powdery mildew.
Powdery mildew decreases both the amount of wine made from the plants as well, the quality is terrible. When the grapes are infected, berries will split, exposing juice to unwanted oxidation and makes mouldy tasting wine. It also reduces the colour and the amount of wine that can be made.
Powdery mildew will cause the disasterous vintage of 1854 – France's smallest since 1788. In fact, it's so damaging even today that famous wine scientist Jamie Goode considers E. necator to be the wine world's biggest problem.
What is the cure?
Fortunately, the gardener who first disovers powdery mildew in England also notices the cure – a mixture of sulphur, lime and water – and sprays it on the vines. After 1854, this solution is widely accepted (and still used today).
Sulphur must be sprayed evenly on all green areas of the vine and must be applied weekly during peak times (end of June in Northern Hemisphere and at Christmas in the Southern Hemisphere . We now know that E. necator doesn't like UV light. So exposing grapes to sunlight and air by pruning helps to prevent it's spread.
Unfortunately, preventative measures against powdery mildew are not as effective as they are against downy mildew (see below). Spraying will be necessary.
2. Phylloxera - discovered in France in 1863
What it is and what it does?
Phylloxera is a louse (plural: lice). In fact this phylloxera is famously known as the Great French Wine Blight. It has three stages to it's life cycle and over all three can attack both the roots and the leaves (leaf galls only forming on American vines).
First, the females which are barely visible to the naked eye, feeds off the roots. Over a summer, 7 generations build producing eggs and feeding. It feeds off the roots of vines causing it to bleed out the sap causing deformities and eventually kills the plant.
The eggs also produce 'crawlers' that move to other roots. The disease fans out in a circular form around the original infection site. Furthermore, they can move up the plant and be blown to other areas by the wind. So just as France's vineyards recover from powdery mildew, this bug will come along.
Phylloxera Vastatrix or 'the Devastator', a grapevine disease that destroyed most of the vineyards in Europe - "Phylloxeria Plant Louse" by treegrow is licensed under CC BY 2.0
How it spreads?
Grapevines were already travelling between the Americas and Europe over centuries at this point. Yet advanced steamships with improved engines made this trip at record breaking speeds previously only dreamed of. Voyages in wooden ships using masts and sails took many months and the lice would die on the long transatlantic voyage.
Today, it is still most commonly spread by rootlings or one-year-old dormant plants but can be spread through soil stuck to farming equipment or through foliage on trimmers and harvesters.
The French discover the bug in 1863, making it the second grapevine disease to destroy Europe's vineyards. Slowly through the decades, phylloxera will crawl its way throughout Europe. Originally called Phylloxera Vastatrix (the devastator), it is now called Dactylasphaera Vitifolia.
Image of a grape leaf that has been attackged by phylloxera lice. Originally called Phylloxera Vastatrix 'the devastator', it's known as the Great French Wine Blight. These galls form mostly on American vines, on French hybrids and only moderately on the European species Vitis Vinifera during humid conditions. In European grapevines, the female aphid that attacks the roots is barely visible. However, the rootstocks they attack will have deformities.
Truly, the social and economic effects of phylloxera are massive and can be compared to the failed potato harvests of Ireland. In France alone, that bloody bug will annihilate 2.5 million hectares of vineyards!
In fact, riots will ensue in Burgundy. Lynch mobs will attack the teams sent in to spray the vines and soldiers are sent in to surround and protect the famous Meursault vineyard.
Imagine the trauma of watching your neighbour's entire vineyard die and then waiting and watching as that bug comes for your own.
The treatment and possible cure?
Eventually, scientists discover they can graft French vines onto American rootstocks and save their plants. American vines form a scab over the feeding area so the vine doesn't bleed to death and survives.
But, it will take some time to implement this change, to find rootstocks that will work in French soils and…to convince the French. Indeed, Burgundy will outlaw this solution until 1887, almost 20 years after it's arrival there.
3. Downy Mildew or Peronspera (introduced in France sometime before 1882)
While the cure for phylloxera is fully underway, a new disaster will strike. Likely carried on the rootstocks sent from North America to prevent phylloxera, a fungus called downy mildew will slip into the country.
By 1882, the disease is already widespread throughout France. It's the third in a row of grapevine diseases that destroy Europe's vineyards. In fact, downy mildew is one of the most economically significant grapevine diseases for decades to come, producing many record low-yielding vintages up until 1969.
Downy mildew attacks the green parts of the vine where yellowish patches appear on the leaves (called oil patches) and it delays ripening. In fact, it can cause the leaves to fall off completely – thereby halting photosynthesis entirely. Furthermore, downy mildew eventually decreases the winter hardiness of the vines.
Affected berries will turn either a dull green or reddish-purple colour. They may then fall from the cluster.
You can't make much wine with what's leftover and the resultant wines are weak.
Downy Mildew fungus, considered a grapevine disease that destroyed vineyards in Europe - Plasmopara viticola a1 (4) by Jerzy Opiola cc BY-SA 4.0
How it spreads, the treatment and cure?
This fungus is generally spread during cool, wet vintages and can hit at any time of the year. The oil patches are actually spores that are spread by winds.
Copper sprays are the first effective treatment. However, copper buildup in soils has proven to be bad for soil health. So now in the EU, copper treatments are legally controlled and can only be 3 kg/ha/yr for organic vineyards to a maximum of 6 kg/ha/yr for others (depending on the climate zone of the vineyard). For organic vineyards, expensive fungicides are also used. Visit this post for a recent study of the effectiveness of copper alternatives and the most cost effective ones to use.
Unlike with powdery mildew, prevention methods against downy mildew are very effective. These include maintaining low yields, choosing the right cover crop, and make sure the foliage dries quickly after rain by removing leaves, tying up branches and so on.
4. Black rot - 1885
Black Rot or "Guignardia bidwellii 08" -North American grapevine diseases destroyed vineyards of Europe by Danile Molitor CC BY 2.0
American rootstocks also brought black rot fungus to Europe (Guignardia Bidwelli).
In fact, right now it's currently contaminating vines in Europe.
How it spreads what does it do?
It's spread by mild, wet temperatures and can kill upwards of 80% of your crop. It attacks leaves, shoots, and berries. Early signs show tan coloured spots on the leaves (as shown on the left). Later, black spots will form. This schmo is such a swindler as grapes will appear to be normal until mid-summer when berries will turn black, shrivel and turn into 'mummies'.
when black rot attacks grapes they become mummies
Treatment and the cure?
This is the bane of organic growers because of the limited ways to control it. Infected mummified berries must be painstakingly removed (along with parts of the cane) and burned. Otherwise, the spores will survive over winter and come back in the spring.
It takes merely 7 hours in warm, wet conditions for black rot to spread!
For non-organic growers, fungicides need to be applied in the spring continuously until the fruit ripens.
This is how 4 North American grapevine diseases destroyed the vineyards in Europe and caused the complete annihilation of the wine market in the 19th century. Here is a summary of how this came to be.
The Industrial Revolution created affluent middle and upper classes who wanted European wine. Additionally, improved trade routes such as steamship and railway lines very quickly brought wine from France, Italy and Spain to ever growing new markets of rising classes the world over.
After European wine was delivered to North America, grapevine diseases piggybacked on organic material traveling back to Europe.
Now that steamships could finish the journey in 8-9 days (as opposed to 6-14 weeks of a wooden boat with sails), the diseases could survive the journey.
And since these fungi and lice were developed in isolation of native European vine species, Vitis Vinifera had no defence mechanisms to protect themselves from the diseases.
But what happens next is equally as discomforting.
Visit us for Part II, where we detail what like was life for the peasant class as they endured the 'dark ages' of European wine. At a time when consumer demand for European wine is at it's pinnacle, fraudsters flood the market with 'wine' made from beet juice.
In Part III, we discuss the beginnings of French wine law in Bordeaux, Champagne and Southern France. The diseases of the 19th century, the changes from the Industrial Revolution and the first harvests of the 20th century work together to create a perfect storm. Wine merchants continue to import grapes even when harvests return to normal. They also continue to falsify wine. Grape prices will hit rock bottom and the entire country breaks out into civil unrest.
In Part IV, we will lay out the foundations of French Wine Law and show you just how successful it is in preventing wine fraud and protecting consumers. More importantly we'll show you how to read a French wine label and why the Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) designation guarantees you will be drinking a nice bottle of wine!
And if you're interested in learning more about European wine law, visit us at here for information on our next wine and sommelier courses.
"Cooperation and Conflicts: Institutional Innovation in France's Wine Markets, 1870-1911" by James Simpson. In The Business History Review Vol. 79, No. 3 (Autumn, 2005), pp. 527-558. Published by the President and Fellows of Harvard and found on https://www.jstor.org/
"Grape Phylloxera Pest Management Program for Grape Series" by Todd Leuty for the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Ontario. http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/88-125.htm
"Wine science: powdery mildew, the wine world's biggest problem." by Jamie Goode, March 27, 2020 https://wineanorak.com/2020/03/27/wine-science-powdery-mildew-the-wine-worlds-biggest-problem/
Research Center website https://www.planetnatural.com/pest-problem-solver/plant-disease/downy-mildew/
"Revolt of the Languedoc Winegrowers" in Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved on February 10, 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Languedoc_winegrowers
"The Oxford Companion to Wine" Edited by Jancis Robinson and Julia Harding. Oxford University Press, 2015. Entries on "France", "Powdery Mildew", "Black rot", "Downy Mildew", "Phylloxera", "Vitis Vinifera"
"The Changing Attitudes and Values During the Industrial Revolution" by Morgan Ashli, last updated December 1, 2011, published on Prezi. https://prezi.com/estbqwmnbfez/the-changing-attitudes-and-values-during-the-industrial-revolution/
"The Great French Wine Blight" in Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved on January 30, 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_French_Wine_Blight
"The Great French Wine Blight" by Pat Montague and published in Wine Tidings No. 96, July/August, 1986. https://web.archive.org/web/20110726032037/http://www.wampumkeeper.com/wineblight.html
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We are ready to introduce you the best 4k 1ms monitor of the current year. Keep reading this page to see our TOP picks of the best 4k 1ms monitor from the marketplace.
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Q: Need suggestion of alternative to Fulltext search I am in need of a lightweight fast search solution.
Today I use Fulltext in boolean mode, where every searchword is mandatory in the results.
The function is fast, working and meets the requirements.
BUT some of the fulltext limitations, http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/fulltext-search.html,  have appeared to be a problem. The site is on a hosted server and Im not allowed to change the mysql settings (e.g. minimum lenght)
E.g.
 the search must be able to find red, 11 and ab.cdwhich todays full text solution can't.

A: http://sphinxsearch.com/ is what you're looking for
though you have to understand that smaller words you find the bigger indexes you use.

A: Use Lucene, it's very often implemented with MySQL and it'll  be both faster and more featureful.
Using the built-in FTS engine is relatively bad practice, especially since it doesn't work with the slightly more reliable InnoDB engine.

A: The only thing that would come to mind, would to be basing your search off the number of occurrences you can find. Your actual index method could vary, depending on what the DB offers.
Assuming DB size isn't an issue, a (very) basic approach would be to break the search blobs (say, a post on stackoverflow) into each word, normalize it (remove plurals, strip 'logic' words such as and, etc.) then insert each word as a new record, together with the ID that identifies your indexed resource.
Count the instances of the ID, order by count, higher number = more relevant.
Not exactly my field though, so tred carefully! =]

A: I'd recommend you try distance searching: Levenshtein
Or search for "N-gram fulltext indexing".

A: I haven't mucked around with it, but I read the theory of full text searching (with mysql at least) a little while back.
If memory serves me correctly you can use full text search for what you want, but you need to configure (and I think a recompile) to get it to work on smaller number of search characters. I think it is set to a default number of 4 characters. You'll want to change it to 2 characters in length with a few other options thrown in and test the results you get.
Someone correct me if this is incorrect. I would rather not throw him on a red herring.


The Wat Nawamintararachutis Thai Buddhist Temple in Raynham, MA, is the largest Thai Buddhist Temple outside of Thailand. The 110,000 SF facility includes a meditation room, residence hall for monks and visitors, offices, study and circulation space, a courtyard, a museum/library, and a divisible multipurpose room. Acentech was hired to provide acoustics and audiovisual consulting services throughout the facility.
The focus on meditation throughout the facility made quiet background conditions a necessity. Acentech's acoustics consultants provided design guidance regarding control of noise and vibration due to the mechanical equipment, advice regarding airflow velocities, and input relating to duct system arrangements in order to meet the noise goals of the project.
Acentech's acoustics consultants also recommended room finish treatments to help achieve desirable room acoustics conditions for each space within the temple. We also recommended wall constructions in the divisible multipurpose room, and the glass walls in the meditation rooms and temple.
Acentech's audiovisual design for the multi-purpose room included sound reinforcement and a large video display. The sound reinforcement system features two large digitally steerable loudspeaker arrays, which were placed to provide uniform sound pressure levels and a high level of speech intelligibility.


Akasaka's menu presents a wide selection of classic and reimagined Japanese dishes. Each one is a product of fresh, natural ingredients and traditional techniques, sure to delight guests and provide a memorable Japanese dining experience. Feel free to peruse our menu or view our dishes at your leisure, and we welcome any inquiries about accommodating large groups or special dietary needs.


A new year is upon us and 2016 is gone. Everyone makes new year resolutions such as to quit smoking or drinking, spend more time with the family, eat healthy, or lose weight. Many of the resolutions are forgotten by the time March rolls around and are not given any more thought until next year.
The same can be said about improvements to your home. Are you really going to live with the cramped style that you have put up with for the past year? Isn't it time to make an addition so that your family can have more space? Or maybe you have a little addition to the family and it's time for a new bedroom or family room.
Are you still using the same bathroom that was built in 1976? Maybe it's time for some new fixtures that don't leak or it's time to replace that rusty bathtub and cracked wall tiles. It's trendy to replace the bathtub wall surrounds with 12 by 24 horizontal porcelain wall tiles for a modern clean look. Use chocolate cherry for the vanity cabinets with granite countertops for a beautiful finish.
Recessed LED ceiling light fixtures with switch dimmers are the perfect balance to modernize your style. Is your car way to hot when it is parked in the driveway without a roof cover? Is it time for change? Replace that worn out asphalt driveway and construct a new garage or carport. You have made a big investment in a new car, now is the time to protect it.
Hire a professional licensed contractor for your next project. You can reach Town & Country Builders LLC at 737-7766 for a free visit and expert advice or visit townandcountrybuildersllc.net. The company is a member of the Better Business Bureau, National association of Home Builders, Building Industry Association, Certified Remodeler, and a recognized Builder for excellence for the past three years. Don't let another year go by. Make a change today and call.


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The Pioneer School of Ariana (; ), commonly known as LPA, is a secondary school located in "l'Avenue de l'Indépendance" in Ariana, Tunisia.

It is one of the most prestigious schools in Tunisia,  known for its high quality education and its highly competitive environment :
it enjoys a success rate of 100% at the  Baccalaureate exam.
In 2018 it was ranked 1st regionally and 1st nationally .

History
The school was founded on September 15, 1983, in the context of a policy aiming at uniting the elites in special schools. First, scientific subjects were taught in English but French soon substituted it, as is the case in the other Tunisian schools. Students used to get in at the age of twelve. At the time, the school had 7 different grades. But following educational reforms, the secondary education has been split into two parts, and students enter this school at the age 15, after achieving grades among the highest in the national 9th grade examination. This is the fact that makes it an elite school.

Principals
To this day, the school has had nine principals:
1983-1989 : Habiba Soua
1989-2000 : Néjib Zaatour
2000-2008 : Hassen Zaghdidi
2008-2011 : Mondher Sghairi
2011-2011 : Saima Néji Ben Brahim
2011- 2012 : Ahmed Oueslati
nov. 2012-April 2013 : Zouhaier Idoudi
sept. 2013-sept. 2018 : Naïma Lajnef Bouafif
sept. 2018-... : Farhat Hmidi

References

External links

Educational institutions established in 1983
Schools in Tunisia
1983 establishments in Tunisia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Bria Smith
Bria is a Junior Multimedia Journalism major at Florida Atlantic University where she is also a Staff Writer for the University Press. She is working hard to learn and grow as a writer and journalist, here at the Boca Raton Tribune, as her goal is to become a Sports Reporter for ESPN.
Home page: https://briasmith.net/
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A center which has been home to the Lake Worth Community for over 16 years, the Community Center of the Salvation Army Corp of Lake Worth brings individuals together from all trades of life. Located at More...
By Bria Smith On Thursday, December 3rd, 2020
Owls Basketball Looks for a Win in Home Debut
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Innovation meets Boca Raton's Mizner Park after the City Council accepted a proposal to open a new Performing Arts Center, during a workshop Tuesday, Oct. 13. Though they have reached a concurrence More...


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LOUIS TILLETT
A Sailor's Dream
The Patreon Project
The project on Patreon is about sailing and writing and recording, all at sea.
The Full Moon in the month of March was the true beginning. In the previous 18 months, there were concerts with The Art of Darkness, and some solo gigs, and a lot of work setting the boat up as a floating studio. There were some other unforeseen events which held up the work. However, Autumn in the Southern Hemisphere is proving to be very conducive to writing and recording.
For the patrons over at Patreon, there are some insights into everyday life, and access to all previous music, Films and other creative works and the best is yet to come.
If you would like to come on board....go to Patreon and have a look around.
Louis Tillett's Home Burns...
A Suspected Arson Attack
Louis Tillett is alive, safe and as well as can be expected following a suspicious fire at his home address. Police are of course looking very seriously at this matter.
Most of his personal effects were wiped out, and much of his personal stock of CDs and Vinyls, and some of his precious Music memorabilia was lost. But most of his rare recordings, posters and Press releases from his 30 plus years of playing Music around the world, remain unscathed and salvaged from the ashes. This will be stored, along with the Master recordings already in the safe hands of the National Film and Sound Archives of Australia. And there will be a time when Louis, himself will be assisting them to catalog, curate and present this collection, as their priority to display his as a "Heritage Artist".
The Video below is TV News Footage showing some of what happened. What cannot be shown or shared is the genuine shock of such an event. In order to assist Louis in this period of recovery, there is a gofundme campaign which is open and ongoing, which WAS to assist him in his upcoming creative undertakings, but has been briefly converted into a short term relief fund.
The link, for those wishing to DONATE is here: https://www.gofundme.com/Album-Book-Gigs
The "House of Tillett" Store is now OPEN
"House of Tillett"
www.houseoftillett.com
This is the dedicated Store with the
Music and Merchandise of
Louis Tillett TM.
Join the Subscriber list for Discounts, Offers and Updates
and immediately receive a FREE DIgital Music Album
and 10% off any Purchase (with no expiry).
Louis Tillett TM Merchandise in the SHOP
For the First Time EVER
There are over 30 items of Merchandise
in the SHOP at
www.louistillettmusic.com.
We Deliver to Anywhere in the World!
Come and have a look at:
T-Shirts, Vintage Shirts, Winter Shirts,
Phone Covers, Cover Art,
Portraits, Cushion Covers,
Clocks, Accessories,
and Canvas.
More Items being added Soon!
Radio on Demand link to RRR Interview from 19/7/18
A half hour interview with Neil Rogers and some music.
Link here: https://www.rrr.org.au/program/the-australian-mood/?an_time=2018-07-19
Or here: http://ondemand.rrr.org.au/player/128/201807192000
Music Videos on the Music Page
Videos on Music Page
The two Wet Taxis videos for "C'Mon" and "Sailor's Dream" and the video for The Aspersion Caste's "Carousel" are now ready to view on the Music page.
Entire Back Catalog being re-released in APRIL 2018
All Albums Soon to become Available on your choice of Platform
All My Albums will be available on MOST platforms by the 30th April 2018.
You will soon be able to STREAM, DOWNLOAD and LISTEN to MY ENTIRE BACK CATALOG on Spotify, iTunes, Apple Music, Google Play/YouTube, Amazon, Pandora, Deezer, Tidal, Napster, iHeartRadio, ClaroMusica, Saavn, MediaNet.
Ocean Bound
Seeking Virtual Crew
So many of you were supportive, receptive and generous enough to allow me to achieve many of my goals in recent years, by enabling me to return to playing Live Music again, and launching "The Art Of Darkness".
Further to this you helped me to create a "Living Archive", on behalf of the National Film and Sound Archives, which became www.louistillettmusic.com, where my entire catalog was, downloaded freely, to thank the many responsible for launching the platform.
After some time it was decided that it was necessary for me to set up the SHOP, to facilitate future recordings and to work in conjunction with other platforms (such as Spotify, iTunes and others) where all of my back catalog has now been made available.
This next phase of my personal and musical journey requires for me to apply myself wholly and solely to the purpose of creating NEW MUSIC.
And having been granted the reward and responsibility of commanding a genuine sea-going vessel, I am now called to return to the place I love most...the Ocean, which has long been the place I have derived the most inspiration from.
Now that my Music is available widely and freely to anyone who seeks it out, I am able to free myself and embark on a journey, both physically, and metaphorically, over the horizon. And I would like to invite you to join me.
Everyone who becomes a PATRON will have full access to everything to be shared on this voyage. This means Poetry, Journals, Video Journals, Music sketches, Action Footage and any other material that forms a part of the storytelling. Varying rewards are offered for higher contributions.
But at the end of this journey, you will all be credited with the resulting creative works...such as an album, a doco, an audiobook, a written book, or anything else that is born. Most importantly I hope that this story can inspire us all. Remember - it was only 3 years or so ago that I was destitute and living in a Van. Now, all things seem possible, I feel dutybound to share this coming artistic endeavour with you, as the story unfolds.
Curse of The Ancient Mariner
"Forthwith this frame of mind was wrenched, With a woeful agony,
Which forced me to begin my tale; And then it left me free"
Thanks to my patrons, in the past few years I have become convinced of the power of motivated people to help me make a difference, and remain active creatively, through crowdfunding,and their personal support. We have been on a shared journey that has seen me return from a long absence, away from music and life in general.
Since 2015, there have been new concerts, new line-ups, new websites, plus my whole back catalog being shared across multiple platforms. And people were generous then - when there was very little that I had to share with them - in terms of new musical works.
And now that people have been increasingly asking, what's next and what's new...I think it is appropriate to allow them to share this next part of the journey as I document my own creative process in writing and recording some new music, whilst undertaking a major life adventure - sailing around the world, starting with Australia, where I also hope to include some concerts and some collaborations, which will also be documented, and shared privately, in the main for my Patreon supporters.
I have closed the gofundme campaigns, as all the objectives were realised. And once the website became able to stand on it's own feet, I removed the donorbox. So this is now the only way that my patrons may assist me in keeping the show on the road..as far as new projects go.
So what next? It is time to write some more music. I am inspired to write a journal, and keep a video log of my travels and to take my piano with me...to share my creative process, as I write the next album. And although I have been somewhat of a private person, I invite you to come along and gain a raw insight into my own creative process, and my own personal journey.
Your regular patronage will allow me to not only keep the vessel provisioned and running, but also provide the very equipment required to film, record and broadcast this adventure, and to create the resulting musical works. And because we have a private channel between us here, I will always be open to your suggestions and your thoughts.
Everything will be unscripted. So you may be as much a part of the story, as I am. To become a Patron - from as little as $1/month - you will have FULL ACCESS to all broadcasted material, withing the PATREON Platform. There are other Reward levels for Higher contributions. But if I can reach 1000 to 1500 Patreons at just $1/month each...I will be able to complete my ambitious project and share the resulting creative projects, to a Global audience.
A Return To The Sea
"Forthwith this frame of mind was wrenched,
With a woeful agony,
Which forced me to begin my tale;
And then it left me free"
(From The Rime of The Ancient Mariner)
"Louis begins a unique journey - of prose, of poetry, music and film - on this very personal adventure, at sea. Join this usually enigmatic man, as he explores the world of sailing, while writing an album.
You can become a patron and enjoy the experience, with exclusive video diaries, letters, and unrehearsed music. A rare insight into the mind of an underground cultural hero with an incredible story to tell."
 R. Slattery XO.
Become a Patron here:
This is the Official Site of Louis Tillett.
You may also like to visit Louis Tillett Music at www.louistillettmusic.com where you can purchase the Music of Louis Tillett directly from the Artist and also explore the comprehensive archive of photos, articles, reviews, interviews and insights from journalists. commentators, and Louis.
Requests for FLAC files are welcome - for Internet/Radio Stations.
Also licensing enquiries from Film, TV and other Media are welcome,
as Louis Tillett owns his Music, Masters, and Publishing.
Please send all enquiries to louistillettmusic@gmail.com
with a summary of your query in the Subject line.
www.louistillett.com
is owned by
All rights reserved June 2018.


text:
Offshore Energy
Hydrographic
Subsea Defense
Vehicle News
New Wave Media
By Joseph R. Fonseca August 12, 2016
Keppel Expands Footprint to Italy
Acquisition of data centre in Milan, Italy Photo Keppel
Keppel DC REIT has expanded its geographical presence in Europe with the acquisition of the shell and core building of a data centre in Milan, Italy. The purchase consideration of the data centre is EUR 37.3 million (approximately S$57.3 million1).
The data centre comprises three interconnected four-storey buildings with a total lettable area of approximately 15,365 sqm (165,389 sq ft). The facility is sited on 11,965 sqm (128,791 sq ft) of freehold land that is approximately eight kilometres away from the Milan city centre, well connected and easily accessible via the Milan Metro system.
The data centre has been fully leased to one of the world's largest telecommunications companies, on a double-net lease structure for 12 years since January 2016. The lease provides for annual rental escalations and an option to renew for another six years. The client will continue to manage the facility, own the fit-out, as well as bear operating expenses and capital expenditure of the mechanical and electrical equipment.
The acquisition is expected to be accretive to Keppel DC REIT's Distribution Per Unit and will enhance its income stream stability through geographical diversification. The portfolio's Weighted Average Lease Expiry (WALE) will be lengthened from 8.7 years to 9.3 years, while the REIT's portion of master-leased facilities will be increased.
Commenting on the REIT's first investment in Italy, Mr Chua Hsien Yang, CEO of Keppel DC REIT Management Pte. Ltd., the Manager of Keppel DC REIT, said, "Milan is home to the Milan Internet Exchange point and is a strategic location as an emerging regional IT hub that is well connected to other European markets.
"This acquisition complements the REIT's existing portfolio profile and growth plans by increasing the proportion of European assets and master-leased facilities. The addition of the shell and core asset on a double-net basis will require minimal capital expenditure, and also adds a well-established client to the REIT's client base," he added.
According to BroadGroup, the Italian market presents opportunities with data centre demand growth forecasted to outpace supply growth. Utilisation rate is expected to rise steadily, with data centre demand projected to grow at a compounded annual growth rate of 15% from 2016 to 2020. In addition, increasing IT outsourcing, cloud adoption and data sovereignty regulations in Europe are expected to continue driving the region's data centre requirements.
The acquisition will be fully funded by debt and is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2016. Upon completion, Keppel DC REIT's aggregate leverage is expected to increase from 29.1% to approximately 32.5%. Assets under management will increase to approximately S$1.13 billion with aggregate lettable area of approximately 70,912 sqm (763,298 sq ft) across 10 data centres, excluding maincubes Data Centre, which is under construction by the vendor in Germany and slated for completion in 2018.
• Keppel • telecommunications • Europe
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text:
Stefan Nikolaev
Monumental Negligence – or, how Bulgarian artists fight against monumental amnesia by Marie Bromander & Sebastian Rypson
(Self-)Tracking Shot. Film and Video in the Visual Arts in Bulgaria. by Krassimir Terziev
Postmodernistic incorporation of media and conceptual art. The role of text and object in contemporary art. by Dessislava Mileva
Photography in Bulgaria after the Year 2000 by Vera Mlechevska, Stefka Tsaneva
http://sariev-gallery.com/artists/stefan-nikolaev/bio Michel Rein, Paris, Brussels
Stefan Nikolaevwas born 1970 in Sofia, Bulgaria. He lives and works in Paris and Sofia. He began his studies at the Fine Arts High School in his native city (1983-1988), followed by a course at the Paris School of Fine Arts (1989-1994) and Winchester School of Art in England (1992). There have been many solo shows of his work, including "I Walk a Labyrinth Which is a Straight Line", Sariev Contemporary, Plovdiv (2017); "Bronze, sweat and tears", Michel Rein, Brussels (2016); "Business, Model, Sculpture", Sariev Contemporary, Plovdiv (2015); "If Things Are Not As You Wish, Wish Them As They Are", Galerie Michel Rein, Paris (2013); "Half-Life", Sariev Contemporary, Plovdiv (2013); "Holy Spirit Rain Down", Les Eglises contemporary art center, Chelles, France (2010). His work has also been shown in a large number of group shows in France, Belgum, Bulgaria, etc. He has taken part in the Lyon Biennial (2007) and presented Bulgaria in the Venice Biennial (2007, together with Ivan Moudov and Pravdoliub Ivanov), as well as the biennials at Gwangju, Korea and Cetinje, Montenegro (2004). His work has also been shown at various art fairs: ArtBasel, FIAC, The Armory Show, ARCO. For his work for the 4th Cetinje Biennial, Stefan Nikolaev was awarded the UNESCO art prize.
Stefan Nikolaev is represented by Sariev Contemporary since 2013.
Stefan Nikolaev's body of work is quite obviously centered on the multiple transformations and crossovers between what we know about objects from everyday life and what the artist is making us reconsider when thinking about the new form and vision he invests in them. Under the visual surface of his works there is an on-going narrative about the complex relations that the artist has with life and death, time and space, consumerism and basic necessities of life. This story has been unfolding in a fluid current over a period of more than fifteen years of his activities on the international art scene.
- Iara Boubnova
What Goes Up Must Come Down, 2007.
Photographer: © Kalin Serapionov
Material: bronze, gas generated flame
Sizes: 440 x 230 x 230 cm with plinth; 320 x 130 x 40 cm (bronze body)
Description: 52° Biennale di Venezia, Bulgarian Pavilion
1/3 Vehbi Koc Collection, Istanbul
Cry me a river, 2009.
Photographer: © Emil Ouroumov
Material: 24K gold-plated copper
Width: 55.00 cm Height: 48.00 cm Depth: 18.00 cm
Description: edition 3+1AP
Edition Nbr. 2/3
I Hate America and America Hates Me, 2013.
Photographer: © Florian Kleinefenn
Material: bronze, black patina
Width: 92.00 cm Height: 59.00 cm Depth: cm
Description: 2009-2013, edition 5+3AP
One for the Money, Two for the Show, 2015.
Photographer: © Pravdoliub Ivanov
Material: neon
Width: 160.00 cm Height: 32.00 cm Depth: cm
Description: edition number: 1/3+2AP
What Does Not Kill You Makes You Stronger, 2013.
Material: enamelled ceramic, gold-plated parts
Linked files
BNT Plovdiv
Институт за съвременно изкуство
Софийска градска художествена галерия
Галерия Райко Алексиев
Галерия Ирида
Vesselina Sarieva Luchezar Boyadjiev Maria Vassileva
Sculpture Artworks with light Object Photography Video


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text:
Her Womanly Woes
Friday Ephemeraren't
Trump, Erections, And A Lack Thereof
Salon interrupts its usual programming – repeatedly announcing how terrible white people are – to bring us this:
Trump's assault on the country's mental health is part of a much larger pattern: the Republican Party and the conservative movement have, for decades, advanced an agenda which has hurt the overall health and well-being of most Americans.
I suspect the "most Americans" bit is doing some heavy lifting there. As we saw recently, those whose minds come undone at the mere thought of Mr Trump - resulting in alcoholism, divorces, the stalking of ex-boyfriends, and sessions with psychiatrists - tend to belong to a fairly specific demographic. One that, oddly enough, includes readers of Salon.
Donald Trump's negative impact on mental health extends to the intimate sexual lives of many people as well.
We're told this by Mr Chauncey DeVega, Salon's politics staff writer, who attempts to bolster his claims by wheeling out some niche expertise:
I recently spoke with Dr Susan Block. "Dr Suzy" is the founder and director of the Dr Susan Block Institute for the Erotic Arts & Sciences.
Okay, then.
Dr Suzy, our high priestess of the erotic arts and sciences, promptly informs us,
Trump's campaign and presidency has created a type of PTSD — what I call "Post-Trump Sex Disorder." Trump has created feelings of fear, loathing, and nausea. People just don't want to have sex.
Dr Suzy's pronouncements are varied and numerous, though her train of thought is, it has to be said, not the easiest to follow:
The news media is part of the problem as well. The news is full of stories about bad sex. They don't really like to talk about good sex. When you have this media obsession with bad sex with the usual "all American" war worship and racism, as well as economic disparities and the way that corporations are in control, it really sucks the life out of a person.
Apparently, the news media and unspecified corporations are behind it all. Stealing our sexual essence, I mean.
We also cannot forget all of the "ammosexuals" who substitute their favourite guns for a working penis.
No, of course. We mustn't forget those.
Yes, Donald Trump is a turn-off for many people.
While I can boast no credentials as a high priestess of the erotic arts and sciences, unlike Dr Susan Block, "founder and director of the Dr Susan Block Institute for the Erotic Arts & Sciences," a layman's thought occurs. If the existence of Donald Trump is interfering with your sex life, bringing it to a standstill, then perhaps you're thinking about Mr Trump a little too much. More than one ought, at least while under the duvet and attempting to get busy.
However, as Dr Suzy explains, it's not all bad news:
But for some people they are turned on and titillated by Donald Trump
Oh, there's no backing out now. We're just getting started, baby.
Both men and women really do find Trump to be an appealing "bad boy" and "evil daddy" who's really hot.
An evil daddy.
And of course, evil can be very sexy. Evil is fascinating.
This, um, tangent continues for several paragraphs. Apparently, Dr Suzy is in her wheelhouse, her realm of arcane knowledge:
Donald Trump embodies the symbolic cultural role as the "Big Mean Sexy Daddy."
Such is the febrile erotic atmosphere, Mr DeVega gets excited too:
Donald Trump leads a political cult whose members want to literally be inside of him, to become him, to have a libidinal relationship with the Great Leader. This includes both men and women. The fascist aesthetic can be very erotic for the followers.
Now beaded with sweat and not to be outdone, Dr Suzy replies:
Trump's supporters want to be spanked by him.
If anyone's touching themselves right now, I'm going to flick the lights on and off.
Anyway, this goes on for some time, the general thrust being that Trump voters are both repressed and depraved, have sexual fantasies about their daughters, are inclined to spanking fetishes, and are "frightened and made angry by strong… confident women." Needless to say, how these insights were arrived at isn't entirely clear. Apparently, bald assertion will have to do.
We're also told, emphatically,
Conservative men are very turned on by the thought of seeing their wives or girlfriends with other men… It scares them but it also makes their penises hard.
This latter claim may also strike readers as something of a reach, given that the recent spate of articles championing cuckoldry have been written, not by conservatives, but by ladies and gentleman of a woke and progressive persuasion, and published, triumphantly, in the left-leaning media, including CNN and the famously Trump-supporting New York Times. As one self-declared cuckold put it during an interview with Vice, "Most people in the scene tend to be [politically] left." But hey, let's not inhibit the tumescent fantasy.
There is, of course, more, some of it quite lurid. But this is, I maintain, a respectable establishment.
Towels are available behind the bar.
Posted at 09:33 in Anthropology, Politics, Psychodrama | Permalink | Comments (76)