When you think of Slovenia, you think of dense forests, immense numbers of stunning caves, and some guy called Gramatik or something. However, there is another artist hailing from Slovenia who has been producing his way to international prominence. JK Soul, The Slovenian beat Jedi, and avid party starter, might not be digging through the Slovenian caves, but rather through crates of vinyl, searching for samples, to conduct some of the freshest soul hop and electronic abstractions on the scene.
JK Soul just dropped the first single, "LOVE," from his forthcoming EP, When There Is No Sun. You can see him perform it live this Saturday, May 31st, at The 1 UP Colfax in Denver, CO alongside Vibe Street, Grim & Darling, and more.
Huff: Where does the name JK Soul stem from and what does it mean? JK: It came out of a joke. Just kidding. Get it? No really... It's just my real initials Jernej Krizman, and the "Soul" stands for my soul. I guess.
Huff: How did you get started in production and your musical journey in general?
Things were devastating for my family after he passed away. So I decided that time, that I have to care for my family first and leave everything else on the side for some time. Slowly, everything settled in its own place.
Finally, I had the balls to leave my job and completely in the beginning of 2013 and dedicate myself into my music career and start living my life out of music and in less than a year some amazing things started to happen.
Long story short: Do all you can to make your dreams come true!
Huff: What's been your most memorable achievement throughout your recent success?
JK: So much is happening right now. It's beautiful. My new EP has been signed to Michal Menert's #SUPERBESTRECORDS label and we are discussing an opening slot for his next tour in fall.
All of this this couldn't of happened without Mikey Thunder who helped me get out to Denver. It's just wonderful what is going on right now.
Huff: Who or what are your top influences?
A bottle of Havana and Coke!
Huff: No really, If you could collaborate with anyone from the past or future, who would it be and why?
JK: Well in past I would definitely love to collaborate with GURU (rest in peace). He was always an inspiration for me. When I had a bad day he just turned it into a beautiful one and because of him I started to look on things in a more positive outlook.
And as far as future collabs I would go with CHET FAKER! He is just an amazing artist. I love his voice and his style.
Huff: What are your goals for the rest of 2014?
JK: Primary goal: Touring in the US. Secondary goal: Touring in Europe and UK. Maybe I should make some music in there too right?
Huff: What has been your favorite performance thus far in your career?
JK: Atlanta - The Masquerade in 2009 when I was performing as a part of Gramatik's act. We were opening for Pretty Lights. The crowd was just amazing! And the Denver Fillmore gig last November, when I was a support act for Michal Menert.
Huff: Elaborate about your new EP?
JK: I don't want to spoil it. All I can say right now is that it's the best thing I've ever created.
It's complex, organic, and full of emotions and stories. We are planning on releasing it this October through Superbest Records in time for the next Michal Menert World tour, which I hope to be jumping on.
JK Soul is a big tall dude but probably the nicest person you will ever meet as he tries to humor you with his half broken English. He will be easily to spot this year on tour if you are lucky enough to catch him and his super funky sets full of soul and imagination that will capture your hearts, ears, and move your body's chakras. Be on the lookout for his upcoming release this fall on #SuperbestRecords.


"The staff at Marque Supply participated in the Operation Santa program by each adopting a..."
"They certify their bags authentic [through] Entrupy technology which takes multiple microsopic pictures..."
"Marque Supply is the largest wholesaler of luxury goods in the United States and the operator of ecom..."
"Inpire and enable all young people, especially those who need is most, to realize their full potential as productive, responsible, healthy, and caring citizens."
"Girls Inc. believes that it is the responsibility of each family to have equitable accountability in their daughter's journey to becoming a strong, smart, and bold young woman through Girls Inc. programs."


When to take part in an intercomparison is normally up to each laboratory to plan. An accredited laboratory though has to fulfil demands according the ISO/IEC 17025 which stipulates participation in a number of quality assurance activities, including participation in intercomparisons. If there has been a major change in the laboratory's activities, introduction of a new procedure, reference equipment etc, then participation in an intercomparison is normally recommended. Historicalyl it has been very hard for laboratories in some calibration and testing fields to make these planned comparisons since there have been too few available. The CFI (Centre For Intercomparisons) now offers a five year plan where each laboratory can plan their activities for the years to come.


text:
Massive review shows "science" behind most mental-health apps is wildly flawed
Is better-than-nothing good enough?
Catherine Falls Commercial/Moment/Getty Images
Nick Keppler
The Covid-19 pandemic has taken a toll on the mental health of countless Americans. To make matters worse, necessary stay-at-home measures hamper access to care. In the gap, some people have turned to mental-health apps for solace: Some of these claim to provide everything from cognitive behavioral therapy to guided meditation. But a new study published in PLOS Digital Health finds these apps are not backed by the rigorous evidence their claims require — they also just don't seem to work all that well.
What's New — The meta-review examined 145 studies on phone-based mental-health interventions. Taken together, the authors say the methods used to study these apps are flawed. The research "failed to find convincing evidence in support of any mobile phone-based intervention on any outcome," the report states.
"Across the literature, we saw a general pattern of weakening evidence… and diminishing effect sizes as the comparison condition became more rigorous."
Generally, the apps were more effective than no treatment at all. But their usefulness waned when they were compared to other treatments or interventions for mental health. This was true regardless of whether the apps were targeting anxiety, stress, feelings of depression, tobacco or alcohol addiction, or general wellbeing.
"If you ask me my personal opinion, from reading the literature, I think there's fairly strong evidence, actually, that these apps on average offer small-to-moderate benefit relative to nothing," Simon Goldberg, an assistant professor in the Department of Counseling Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, tells Inverse.
Why It Matters — Mental health apps are a hot market. There are between 10,000 and 20,000 such apps available to download on your smartphone, according to one expert opinion. These include everything from mood diaries to programs to quit smoking, to one-on-one text messaging with a licensed clinical therapist.
This is big business: Ads for Talkspace and BetterHelp are unavoidable, particularly if you are into podcasts; BetterHelp was the largest advertiser on podcasts in 2021. Worldwide, people are expected to spend $500 million on mental health apps in 2022. Yet these apps have varying degrees of scientific backing and there's little out there to help you discern which ones are backed by real data.
Anyone can make a mental health app and start selling it on platforms. One study, published in the journal Anxiety and Depression in 2017, found that among 52 apps offered for anxiety, two-thirds did not have any healthcare professionals involved in their development. Less than four percent were rigorously tested. For apps that undergo clinical testing, often the research is done by researchers employed by the company selling the app.
There also aren't robust government regulators checking these claims. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does have jurisdiction over health apps, but the risks of using them are so low and the apps so numerous that the agency rarely intervenes unless a particularly egregious app comes along.
A surprising number of mental health apps utilize chatbots. WANG ZHAO/AFP/Getty Images
What they found — Goldberg's team finds that researchers trying to gauge the effectiveness of mental-health apps are also inconsistent in how they go about it. When researchers compared the apps to other treatments, they rarely compare them to in-person therapy, for example — a strange oversight.
The meta-review found a number of other issues. For example, the research included rarely addressed how people engage with the apps being studied. In all the studies examined, the participants used the app for however long the study lasted. But when people use mental health apps in the real world, the drop-out rate is high.
"It's a huge issue," says Goldberg. "Even in a study, people often don't stay with these things."
He notes another problem with interpreting meta-analyses in general. When studies show no effect, researchers might not publish the data, leaving an "overly optimistic estimate of the effect."
On a more positive note, mental health apps do consistently show evidence of "small magnitude effects" — some relief for many of the users — across mental health issues.
Goldberg says this is not surprising; there has to be a reason behind their popularity, after all.
"I'm sure that some claims are being overstated," he says, "but I also think it's likely that a lot of products that are out there are helpful for people."
"If you take a look at [the mediation app] Headspace as an example, millions of people are using their products," he says, "and I think for meditation apps to have millions of people using it, people have to be benefiting somewhat."
"Meditation is not that much fun for most of us," Goldberg adds.
How They Did It — Goldberg and his co-authors conducted a meta-review, which is sort of a meta-analysis of meta-analyses. A meta-analysis systematically merges the findings of several independent research trials to get a bigger picture of what they all studied. A meta-review does the same, but for meta-analyses.
They gathered 14 meta-analyses, each involving at least four studies. Altogether, they included 145 randomized controlled trials of mental health apps, plus some on text message-based inventions that did not use any single app. In total, the research included 47,940 participants.
Some examined research on the effectiveness of apps for relief from depression or anxiety. Others studied apps' ability to help people quit smoking or improve their general mental wellbeing. They also examined various kinds of apps: guided meditation, texting with a person, texting with a chatbot, and do-it-yourself programs.
All the apps had one thing in common: You needed a smartphone; telehealth or in-person therapies were left out of this analysis.
The meditation app Headspace has more than two million paying subscribers Getty Images/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images
What's next — Goldberg explains that the disparate results for each app may be to do with the newness of the technology itself — they might just not have been around long enough or used enough to get a good sense of how well they work in the lab or the real world. But time will tell.
"I think there's some fantastic meta-analytic work and there's some fantastic [random clinical trials] happening," he says. "I think the literature is just young."
"If you think about that, we've been studying psychotherapy for a hundred years. We've been studying mobile phone-based interventions for maybe 20 years," he adds. That's some catching up to do.
Watch: This jail-breaking wireless robot melts and reassembles on command
By Jennifer Walter
Jumping robots could provide a bug's eye view of dangerous environments
By Robin Bea
By Sarah Sloat

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
use Bin;
use Buildable;
use Container;
use Popover;
use Widget;
use ffi;
use glib;
use glib::StaticType;
use glib::Value;
use glib::object::Downcast;
use glib::object::IsA;
use glib::signal::SignalHandlerId;
use glib::signal::connect;
use glib::translate::*;
use glib_ffi;
use gobject_ffi;
use std::boxed::Box as Box_;
use std::mem;
use std::mem::transmute;
use std::ptr;

glib_wrapper! {
    pub struct PopoverMenu(Object<ffi::GtkPopoverMenu, ffi::GtkPopoverMenuClass>): Popover, Bin, Container, Widget, Buildable;

    match fn {
        get_type => || ffi::gtk_popover_menu_get_type(),
    }
}

impl PopoverMenu {
    #[cfg(any(feature = "v3_16", feature = "dox"))]
    pub fn new() -> PopoverMenu {
        assert_initialized_main_thread!();
        unsafe {
            Widget::from_glib_none(ffi::gtk_popover_menu_new()).downcast_unchecked()
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(any(feature = "v3_16", feature = "dox"))]
impl Default for PopoverMenu {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

pub trait PopoverMenuExt {
    #[cfg(any(feature = "v3_16", feature = "dox"))]
    fn open_submenu(&self, name: &str);

    fn get_property_visible_submenu(&self) -> Option<String>;

    fn set_property_visible_submenu(&self, visible_submenu: Option<&str>);

    fn get_child_position<T: IsA<Widget>>(&self, item: &T) -> i32;

    fn set_child_position<T: IsA<Widget>>(&self, item: &T, position: i32);

    fn get_child_submenu<T: IsA<Widget>>(&self, item: &T) -> Option<String>;

    fn set_child_submenu<'a, P: Into<Option<&'a str>>, T: IsA<Widget>>(&self, item: &T, submenu: P);

    fn connect_property_visible_submenu_notify<F: Fn(&Self) + 'static>(&self, f: F) -> SignalHandlerId;
}

impl<O: IsA<PopoverMenu> + IsA<Container> + IsA<glib::object::Object>> PopoverMenuExt for O {
    #[cfg(any(feature = "v3_16", feature = "dox"))]
    fn open_submenu(&self, name: &str) {
        unsafe {
            ffi::gtk_popover_menu_open_submenu(self.to_glib_none().0, name.to_glib_none().0);
        }
    }

    fn get_property_visible_submenu(&self) -> Option<String> {
        unsafe {
            let mut value = Value::from_type(<String as StaticType>::static_type());
            gobject_ffi::g_object_get_property(self.to_glib_none().0, "visible-submenu".to_glib_none().0, value.to_glib_none_mut().0);
            value.get()
        }
    }

    fn set_property_visible_submenu(&self, visible_submenu: Option<&str>) {
        unsafe {
            gobject_ffi::g_object_set_property(self.to_glib_none().0, "visible-submenu".to_glib_none().0, Value::from(visible_submenu).to_glib_none().0);
        }
    }

    fn get_child_position<T: IsA<Widget>>(&self, item: &T) -> i32 {
        unsafe {
            let mut value = Value::from_type(<i32 as StaticType>::static_type());
            ffi::gtk_container_child_get_property(self.to_glib_none().0, item.to_glib_none().0, "position".to_glib_none().0, value.to_glib_none_mut().0);
            value.get().unwrap()
        }
    }

    fn set_child_position<T: IsA<Widget>>(&self, item: &T, position: i32) {
        unsafe {
            ffi::gtk_container_child_set_property(self.to_glib_none().0, item.to_glib_none().0, "position".to_glib_none().0, Value::from(&position).to_glib_none().0);
        }
    }

    fn get_child_submenu<T: IsA<Widget>>(&self, item: &T) -> Option<String> {
        unsafe {
            let mut value = Value::from_type(<String as StaticType>::static_type());
            ffi::gtk_container_child_get_property(self.to_glib_none().0, item.to_glib_none().0, "submenu".to_glib_none().0, value.to_glib_none_mut().0);
            value.get()
        }
    }

    fn set_child_submenu<'a, P: Into<Option<&'a str>>, T: IsA<Widget>>(&self, item: &T, submenu: P) {
        let submenu = submenu.into();
        unsafe {
            ffi::gtk_container_child_set_property(self.to_glib_none().0, item.to_glib_none().0, "submenu".to_glib_none().0, Value::from(submenu).to_glib_none().0);
        }
    }

    fn connect_property_visible_submenu_notify<F: Fn(&Self) + 'static>(&self, f: F) -> SignalHandlerId {
        unsafe {
            let f: Box_<Box_<Fn(&Self) + 'static>> = Box_::new(Box_::new(f));
            connect(self.to_glib_none().0, "notify::visible-submenu",
                transmute(notify_visible_submenu_trampoline::<Self> as usize), Box_::into_raw(f) as *mut _)
        }
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn notify_visible_submenu_trampoline<P>(this: *mut ffi::GtkPopoverMenu, _param_spec: glib_ffi::gpointer, f: glib_ffi::gpointer)
where P: IsA<PopoverMenu> {
    let f: &&(Fn(&P) + 'static) = transmute(f);
    f(&PopoverMenu::from_glib_borrow(this).downcast_unchecked())
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


At the time I didn't know what was causing the hanging requests, it wasn't happening in a predictable manner and on the surface I had all the apps dependencies in place.
Seeing as this was a job I was doing on the side I had very limited time to investigate the underlying issue and decided I would have to make do with just knowing when the apps went down so I could ssh in and manually kill off the offending processes.
My initial thought was to use Nagios for monitoring but it seemed excessively heavy-weight for the task at hand so I seized the opportunity to quickly develop a tool perfectly tailored to my needs.
The resulting script, minder, checks a list of domains and if the root of each can't be read within 10 seconds a notication is sent via XMPP. Nothing more, nothing less. Simple.
Minder proved effective and I was bombarded with instant messages whenever any of the apps went under. Thankfully I found to bit more time to investigate more thoroughly and tracked the issue down to a missing TrueType font used by ImageMagick.
The first iteration of minder was very simple but I thought I'd put a bit of extra effort in to make it easier to customise and share it with the internet-at-large, hopefully someone will get some use out of it.
Clone the repo from GitHub. Fire any queries to @stevebiscuit.


« What's Up With Strange Future?
This entry was posted by Josh Smith on April 4, 2010 at 11:10 PM, and is filed under News from a Strange Future. Follow any responses to this post through RSS 2.0. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


Bucher - effective sludge dewatering. Municipal and industrial applications.
Due to the way of work, Bucher piston presses belong to the group of the most efficient devices in the field of municipal sludge dewatering. Their design and quality proved, by many references, that their technical durability equals more than forty years. The manufacturer of these presses is Bucher Unipektin AG from Switzerland and Proffico is the distributor in the municipal and industrial sectors in Poland. Pulawy and Radom are the first completed installations using Bucher piston presses in Poland.
The main elements of the press is a cylinder and a piston. Between the piston and the cylinder, there are placed special drains discharging filtrate to the wastewater system. The mixture of the sludge with the flocculant is fed to a cylinder with a spiral pump, filling the free space between the drains. The size of the cylinder and the number of drains (including the filtration area) determines the productivity of the press. The principle of operation is identical as in the piston engines with the phase of the cyclic compression and decompression, but the piston with the cylinder additionally rotates around its axis at a speed of approx. 6 rpm and the space in the cylinder is filled with the sludge. The pressure in the compression chamber usually equals around 5 bars and is created by pressing the piston with the hydraulic cylinder. The drains were designed in a way so that during the pressing (compression) they squeeze into the sludge, carrying away the excess filtrate. Each of the drains consists of a grooved core made of polyurethane, which provides flexibility for approx. 12 000 hours of work. At the core there is a filtering cloth, through which the filtrate from the sludge outflows. Usually, the filtering cloth durability equals 2.5 thousand hours. Replacement of the filtering cloth is extremely easy, and it involves disconnecting the drain, tightening the new filtering cloth, re-inserting the drain. The operator's technical personnel can do the work.
The hydrated sludge is placed centrally in the cylinder filling up the entire space. When filling with the sludge, the piston of the cylinder is automatically pushed to the end position, causing a slight overpressure. As a result, the excess of the free water (unbound with the sludge) is discharged through the drains to the wastewater system. The cycle of filling and replenishing the chamber takes place several times which lasts around 40 minutes in total, but the filling pump works for around 8 minutes.
After completion of the filling phase, pressing and loosening of the sludge take place. Usually, a complete cycle lasts approx. 70-80 minutes. Pressing is performed by the forth motion of the piston, rotating the chamber and the piston at the same time. This phase is repeated cyclically, whereas every time the feed of the piston is larger by a few millimetres from the previous one, up to achieving the assumed distance of the piston to the head or achieving the upper limit for the sludge dewatering. In this case, there is a principle that with the smaller distance from the head of the piston, the greater degree of the sludge dewatering is achieved.
The loosening always takes place after the pressing cycle and is designed to move the dewatered sludge inside the chamber and clean the pores of the filtering cloth on the drains. The clean up takes place automatically by air purging through the drains formed at the air intake at the backwards motion of the piston (underpressure). The continuous rotation connected with the position change of the drains provides crushing of the filter cake and its relative movement.
The emptying of the sludge phase proceeds after completion of the pressing and loosening phase. At this stage, the cylinder is disconnected from the head while maintaining the rotation of the whole. The piston moves towards the cylinder head to discharge the sludge completely, crushing the filter cake and pushing it outside the cylinder. After completion of the emptying phase, it is automatically followed by the filling phase.
*- the estimated value for the sludge input with a dry solids content of 3-4%.
The sludge from the storage tank is fed to the press with the usage of the spiral pump. Because the press works batch wise during the filling, the pump has a relatively high capacity (the total pump running time equals approx. 6-8 minutes per full cycle). During pumping the sludge is mixed with a flocculant solution by the special dynamic mixer. Every dewatered installation is equipped with a drainage microwave measurement of dry solids, so the flocculeat dosing takes place only as a function of dry substance and flow rate. Such a solution effectively eliminates an overdose of the polymer. On the pipelines, with the sludge and flocculant, there are installed flow meters, giving a real indication of the flow of these two media. According to the DWA guidelines, there is used only a two sequential station of polymer with separate tanks, where the mixing and maturing of the solution take place. The inlet of the press is connected to the dynamic mixer with the pipe of the appropriate proportion of length to the diameter ratio, ensuring the adequate contact time. At the press there is mounted the power supply with the control system cooperating with the main electrical switchboard of the entire sludge dewatering installation. An interesting thing is unprecedented in other technologies continuous monitoring of the average dry solids of the sludge during the dewatering process. The press also has a control panel providing the full access to the current and archived data and enabling manual control of the device. The self-automated operation of the device is possible there thanks to such solutions with a "human factor" limited to a minimum.
The Bucher piston presses give the user the greatest opportunities for sludge dewatering, as the only restriction is so called "the upper limit of dewatering". This limit is determined for each sludge separately informing what maximum level of dry solids can be achieved using mechanical methods of dewatering. It depends entirely on the characteristics of the sludge which in turn reflects the adopted technology and the quality of the wastewater at the inlet to the treatment plant, and this in turn determines the amount of water bound with bacteria. In practice, it can be said that if the upper limit of dewatering is low e.g. 25% DS then the difference of dewatering in comparison to the conventional solutions are not as wide as in the case of the limit of dewatering at the level of 35% or 40% DS.
While choosing the technology for sludge dewatering, the technical progress within the disintegration of the bacteria cells should be taken into account, as it usually results in increased limit of dewatering. The Bucher piston presses were tested at several disintegration systems with scores ranging from 45% to 50% DS and in the case of one of the new technologies, the level of 70% DS of dewatering has been achieved. It is worth noticing that such large increases in the effects of dewatering are no longer possible with the use of traditional devices for dewatering like belt presses and centrifuges.
Regardless of the chosen way for sludge dewatering, it is always recommended to perform the pilot tests. The aim of the pilot tests in the case of the Bucher piston presses is obtaining the basic information about the possible degree of the sludge dewatering, the chemical consumption and possible to achieve hydraulic capacities. Previous tests on municipal sludge in Poland confirmed susceptibility of the sludge for dewatering in the range of 23 to 37% DS for the digested sludge and undigested one without the use of disintegration /hydrolysis. Performing such tests gives the user information on the expected results of the dewatering process to deal with the sludge of the similar characteristics in the future.
In our view, the selection of the sludge dewatering process, and thus the achieved results, depends mainly on further forms of sludge management. As a result, it might turn out that the increase in dry solids has been recorded after the application of the piston press e.g. at the level of 8-10% DS. It gives a 30% reduction in weight of the sludge implying great savings to the user who dries it or burns it. The below graph fully captures the essence of the results in the dewatering process in economic terms. The graph is a curve where the largest increases in the reduction of the sludge weight are obtained in the range up to 40% DS.
Therefore, from the operator's point of view, the most effective method for reducing the operational costs of sludge management is mechanical dewatering. From the previous experience with the Bucher piston presses operation at the municipal wastewater treatment plants, it can be stated that the results of the dewatering range from 25 to 45% DS and they are limited by 'the upper limit of dewatering" only.
The Bucher piston presses, due to the hydraulic principle of their operation, belong to the group of energy-saving devices. In our opinion, to fairly compare the power consumption of different technologies, we should relate to the power consumption of the entire sludge dewatering plant and not only to the individual, particular devices. Only the analysis executed in this way (taking into account the time and the power of all peripheral devices with the same output parameters) gives a realistic picture of the power consumption at the given installation. The usage of the objective indicators may prove helpful in this case.
Most of us use an indicator expressed in [Wh/kgDS] which is incorrect in our opinion, as it does not take into account the effects of the dewatering process and with the same measure refers to the dewatering device, e.g. to 15% DS and to the device giving 30% DS. The much more reliable indicator is the one expressed in [Wh/kgH2O]. This indicator, relating to the entire installation, falls within the range of 1.5 to 2 Wh/kgH2O in the Bucher piston presses. This result classifies the Bucher presses at the forefront on the market.
A coagulant and flocculant consumption is comparable to other methods and usually remains at the level of 6-16kgAS/tDS solid. The exact value of consumption is determined at the stage of pilot tests or the start-up of the plant installation. Regardless of local conditions during the installation, there are always used all available solutions reducing consumption of the polyelectrolytes e.g. the use of a dynamic mixer, a sequential station for the preparation of polyelectrolytes, the extended maturation period, the measurement of dry solids.
Due to the principle of operation, the Bucher piston press is characterised by the cleanest filtrate from all available dewatering methods. Usually, the suspended solids in the filtrate do not exceed 100 mg/l. It should be noted that the sludge (including suspended solids) accumulates 90% of the phosphorus in wastewater. Therefore, the method of the sludge dewatering characterised by poor quality of the filtrate effects in reversing of the phosphorus to the treatment plant with the necessity of its re-precipitation. Additionally, the dirty filtrate causes the systematic introduction of high loads requiring intensive treatment process and thus incurring the increased operational costs.
Tames Water, the private user of the wastewater treatment plant in London, has noticed the advantage of this. As the result of the thermo-hydrolysis processes on the sludge, the filtrate from the dewatering process contained massive loads, which were reverted to the treatment plant. Also, in this case, a huge advantage of the Bucher press was the quality of effluent (the reduction of the suspended solids).
Press piston due to their specific nature does not cause significant odour emissions to the environment. During a complete cycle of filling, pressing and loosening it is hermetically closed, opening only for 8 minutes at the emptying phase. However, the sludge, in this case, does not emit significant odour (usually sludge after the dewatering has a loose form and a slightly earthy smell). As a result, the installation does not require mounting any special materials resistant to the aggressive odour outside.
The piston press causes noise during operation at a level below 85dB. Such a value is acceptable by the service personnel and does not cause undue inconvenience (range between the loud music and the traffic).
The Bucher piston press for sludge dewatering has been widely used in municipal, chemical, paper, pharmaceutical, leather, agricultural and food industry since 1965. Almost 3,000 equipment is currently operated unattended in a continuous mode in the whole world. Usually, the life expectancy of these machines equals approximately 40 years and the maintenance and repair costs are fully acceptable. The piston presses have been present at the urban wastewater treatment plants for more than ten years in the European countries such as Germany, England, Switzerland, Austria, Sweden or Norway. The largest municipal installation so far supports London where 19 Bucher presses have been installed in four wastewater treatment plants (Oxford, Becktan, Crossness, Longrich). In Poland, there are more than 250 devices used currently, mainly in the food industry. The oldest one is already more than 45 years and still works in a continuous mode. Radom and Pulawy are the first municipal sludge dewatering installations in Poland with Bucher presses installed. In both installations, there is used the most traditional model of the press – HPS 7507.
the simplicity of maintenance generating low expenditures for maintenance and repair.
The disadvantage of the Bucher piston press is its size and the relatively high investment costs, which constitute a barrier for some smaller users of the treatment plant. Furthermore, Bucher piston presses require skilled personnel to operate them, the stable flocculation process as well as the feed at a level greater than 2% D.S. By the experience from the installations in Pulawy and Radom, it can be stated that the presses accept only the correct systems of the sludge transport. The solutions that are acceptable for typical liquid sludge will not be useful in the case of dry sludge. To ensure the correct transport of the sludge from the piston press, having the form of loose soil in and small granules, the filling factor of the spiral conveyors should not be greater than 30%.
The piston presses for sludge dewatering are the most expensive devices on the market. The price contains technology that enables the most efficient sludge dewatering combined with the excellent craftsmanship. The food industry recognised the advantage of it several decades ago, and the Bucher presses almost entirely dominated the market so far. Why does it happen? The answer is simple – the technique of continuous pressing and mixing of the sludge proved to be most effective in its performance, remaining for many years unrivalled in the market despite the relatively high price. Is it the same with the municipal sludge? It can be said that in most cases – yes. The crowning confirmation of this fact is the installation in London, where the private operator Tames Water resigned from existing methods and devices for sludge dewatering replacing them with Bucher piston presses.
Waste water treatment plant in Pulawy – dewatered sludge on Bucher piston press – 28% DS.
Waste water treatment plant in Radom – dewatered sludge on Bucher piston press – 31% DS.
Both of these methods belong to the cheapest forms of sludge treatment. However, they have some deficiencies. Besides formal or legal deficiencies in the use of these methods, is odour generated, as well as the expensive transport to the recipient. In this case, the effective dewatering with the use of Bucher presses allows reducing odour emission and reducing the amount of transported sludge.
This method has many supporters, who are captivated by the technical simplicity of this installation and declared operating costs. The fact is that the solar energy is free and what is more, the waste heat from the cogeneration process can support drying process. However, many of the users, who built such a dryers, quickly came to the conclusion that their surface is inadequate especially in winter. At this time, the drying process practically does not take place, because there is hardly any sunshine and the entire waste heat is consumed for heating the digester. Unfortunately, dryers act only as the magazines then. Therefore, the best sludge dewatering is essential also in this case. It is worth noticing that a typical indicator used for solar drying in Poland is 1 tonne of evaporated water during the year per 1 m² of the dryer's surface. In practice, it means that, for our exemplary installation (6 t DS/d) to dry the sludge from 20 to 60% DS. The required surface of the greenhouse is 7 300 m². With the use of Bucher presses for the same effects the required surface can be reduced to less than 4250m², which assuming the average cost of mounting such a dryer is PLN 2 500/m² (570 EUR), it gives the amount of PLN 10 million (2,4 million EUR) savings. This is much more than the cost of the Bucher press.
They are dedicated mainly for large agglomerations, but they are also popular in smaller towns in Poland. Although it sounds paradoxical, the real operating costs of the installation are even higher than in the case of thermal drying. It happens mainly due to generated ashes, after treatment system and the lack of autothermic process. A few years ago there was an assumption that the amount of heat from the sludge incineration process would be sufficient for drying the sludge, and even for the use as the additional waste heat. Now it is known that the life is harder… The use of Bucher presses, considered as the most efficient way of mechanical sludge dewatering, allows "fixing" energy balance of the incineration, thereby further reducing the operational costs of the installation.
Der Heller Leder GmbH & Co.
Tłokowe prasy Bucher – wybrane referencje z oczyszczalni ścieków.
Wastewater treatment plant in Puławy – delivery of one piston Bucher press capacity of daily 5 tons of dry solid per day (180 m3 feed) with polymer preparation station, measuring system and automation control. In the task Proffico realized a complete, high-performance installation of the mechanical dewatering of sludge, which allowed significant lowering of the cost of consumption in the process of thermal drying. Installation in Pulawy in Poland was the first installation of the mechanical dewatering of municipal sludge with the use of known and used in Western Europe press piston. The use of energy efficient Bucher press piston together with the measuring devices (dry solids, flow rate in input, flocculant consumption) results in a maximum physically possible level of sludge dewatering prior to drying. Thanks to the application of the presses Bucher HPS type 7507 energy consumption of the dryer has been reduced by 40%.
Wastewater treatment plant in Radom – delivery of two Bucher piston presses capacity of daily 15 tons of dry solid per day (360 m3 feed) with polymer preparation stations, measuring systems and automation control. In the task Proffico realized a complete, high-performance installation of the mechanical dewatering of sludge, which allowed significant lowering of the cost of consumption in the process of thermal drying. The use of energy efficient Bucher press piston together with the measuring devices (dry solids, flow rate in input, flocculant consumption) results in a maximum physically possible level of sludge dewatering prior to drying. Thanks to the application of the presses Bucher HPS type 7507 energy consumption of the dryer has been reduced by 40%.


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The ACLJ's Influence Growing
By Kyle Mantyla | September 5, 2007 2:53 pm
The Chicago Tribune profiles Jay Sekulow and his work at Pat Robertson's Amercian Center for Law and Justice, highlighting its $35 million budget, staff of 130, and Sekulow's role in picking and supporting President Bush's judicial nominees. More importantly, it reports that the ACLJ is focusing its efforts on winning lower-profile but no less influential cases: "You really don't see the pro-life protests on the courthouse square or in front of the abortion clinic. Now it's more these kinds of cases. Nuanced. There's federal legislation involved in this. There's state legislation. There's state regulatory issues. It's Title VII. So it's much more nuanced."
Tags: Pat Robertson Abortion judicial nominees Legislation protests state legislation Title VII
How 2014's Elections Will Influence 2016's Voting Rights
Gordon Klingenschmitt Blames Demonic Influence For Failure To Defund Planned Parenthood
Eagle Forum Suggests Growing Racial Diversity Is Harmful To America
Cliff Kincaid: Gays In Military Show Influence Of Obama's 'Pedophile' Mentor


Author mickebjornPosted on May 28, 2017 May 19, 2018 Leave a comment on Summer is here!
In eight years Magic Bus have produced only three albums. They certainly take their time and just like previous outings, the new "Phillip the Egg" feels unhurried and relaxed. And truly comfortable with itself.
Imagine that Caravan had decided to move to California after their 1969 debut and ended up in some small secluded place just north of San Francisco. Cut off from what was happening back home, they would then take their unique Canterbury vibe in a subtly West Coast direction.
Magic Bus of course never did that, but instead they have wrapped themselves in an English countryside time bubble all of their own. This is retrogressive rock, but when it is this good and unassuming, one can only have praise.
Although the instrumentation is primarily electric, the sound is strikingly organic. Unfortunately. the simple reason may be hard rehearsal practice to make up for lack of funds to spend more than nine days in the recording studio. But the result is nevertheless the sound of a real band playing, not a studio spinning on empty.
Tempos shift but not in a muscular way. Although individual instruments beg you for attention – organ, mellotron, flute, guitars that play solos, and drums that play melody in that old Canterbury way – the focus here is clearly on the whole rather than the individual.
Magic Bus very much feel like a hippie collective and they play magical, mystical music. The album unashamedly starts out with the rather epic "Mystical Mountain" and there is even a subsection name to the track title, "(i) Twelve Kings".
But don't worry, this stuff does not get lost in pretentious crap. These guys know what they want and how to get there. Their music will put you in sync with the universe. That is, if you just have the courage to let it.


text:
Q: how to put phone call functionality in iphone application I am making an application in which there is a text field to enter phone number, now I want whenever user put number on that text field, there must be a button get generate to call on that particular number.
Anyone know about this functionality, then please help me.
Thanks alot.

A: Assume self.textField is a UITextField where you can enter the number. Then add the following event listener listener to your 'call' button:
- (IBAction)makeCall{
    NSURL *target = [[[NSURL alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"tel:%@", self.textField.text]] autorelease];
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:target];
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The prolific composer will score this latest incarnation of Chucky.
Say what you will about the upcoming remake of Child's Play, but the team is certainly pulling out all the stops to make this re-imagining of Chucky a success. From bringing in Mark Hamill to voice the notorious killer doll to today's announcement that Bear McCreary is the composer for the remake, it's hard to argue that MGM is planning for anything other than this film being a win with fans.
McCreary is a prolific composer known for an incredible number of relevant works, ranging from The Walking Dead and the Happy Death Day films to Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the upcoming Godzilla: King of the Monsters. There is a very good chance you have listened to a whole lot of this man's work. Below you can find a preview of what's in store for you with the music of Child's Play.
In Child's Play, a mother gives her son a toy doll for his birthday, unaware of its more sinister nature. The cast includes Aubrey Plaza (Parks and Recreation, Legion) as the mother, Karen, Gabriel Bateman (Light's Out) as her son, Andy, and Brian Tyree Henry (Atlanta) as Greg, a detective who will be investigating the mysterious deaths surrounding the doll. Chucky is voiced by the legendary Mark Hamill.
The film is directed by Lars Klevberg, who is known for his horror film, Polaroid, with a script penned by Quantum Break and Kung Fury 2 writer Tyler Burton Smith. KatzSmith Productions' David Katzenberg and Seth Grahame-Smith (Stephen King's It) are on board as producers with the film slated to arrive early this summer on June 21st, 2019.


Why do I make lots of 19th-century desserts? Because the ghosts who inhabit my house demand them. Today, for instance, Sarah Wild (1793-1872) requested little cakes, or Petit Fours, for Afternoon Tea. How could I refuse?
A little history: Sarah was married to Nathan Wild (1790-1867), an English immigrant who made a fortune in the textile-manufacturing trade. In 1826 he built this house that I call home.
Sarah and Nathan's son, Charles, inherited the place in 1867. Charles was "well-heeled," too. In 1870 he built a grand, Victorian addition to the house: a double parlor (above) that I now use as a music room.
I cheated quite a bit in order to make Sarah's Petit Fours. Instead of preparing a traditional genoise batter, I simply sliced up a store-bought pound cake, and spread the layers with two kinds of preserves. Then I sealed the cakes in white chocolate, and drizzled the tops with Royal Icing.
To start, make or purchase an all-butter pound cake.
Cut the cake into 1/4-inch slices. Be sure to cut straight down (not on the bias), so the pieces will be level from top to bottom. You'll need 18 slices for 12 Petit Fours.
Next, spoon some apricot preserves (1/2 cup) into a glass bowl, and heat them in the microwave until bubbly — 30 to 45 seconds.
Set a fine-mesh sieve over a bowl. Then add the warmed preserves, and push them down with a spoon. The sieve will hold back the bits of apricot peel, while the "good stuff" seeps into the bowl.
Also warm some seedless raspberry jam — about a 1/4 cup — in a small bowl. Mercifully, you won't have to strain this jam.
Place 12 slices of cake on a parchment-lined baking sheet, and top 6 of them with a small spoonful of the filtered apricot preserves.
Spread out the preserves with the back of a spoon, or with an offset spatula.
Spread the next 6 slices with the raspberry preserves.
And finish with a third slice of cake.
Cover the cakes with plastic wrap, and weight them with a casserole dish. Then pop them into the fridge for at least 30 minutes, or overnight.
Now grab your 1 1/4-inch-diameter biscuit cutter, and use it to punch out 2 round cakes per layered "sandwich." Avoid the crusts — you won't want them in your Petit Fours.
Don't throw away the scraps! Your Little People will enjoy playing in them. Further more, you can freeze the wreckage for later use in a trifle. Or, you can simply break the scraps into goblets, and top them with whipped cream for a fast, and definitely casual, dessert.
The punched-out rounds are beautiful to behold. Place them on a rack set over a parchment-lined baking sheet.
To glaze these suckers, put 8 ounces of white chocolate bits and 6 tablespoons butter in a stainless (or heat-proof glass) bowl.
And stir with a forest-green spatula until the chocolate and butter transform themselves into a luscious white lava — about 2 minutes.
Spoon or ladle the chocolate over the Petit Fours, letting it drip down the sides. The sauce will firm up as it cools.
Sarah Wild suggested that I pipe some Royal Icing onto the cakes.
Her wish, as always, is my command.
If you have ghosts in your house, by all means keep them happy. Otherwise they will hoot, howl, and slam doors in the middle of the night.
Royal Icing is a cinch to make: Put the white of a large egg into a bowl, and whisk it until foamy.
Then add 1 1/2 cups sifted confectioners' sugar, and stir until smooth. If the mix is too thick, add a teaspoon of water (or lemon juice) to thin it out.
I added a tiny drop of vegetable coloring to turn the icing pastel-blue. You might prefer pink or purple icing.
And pipe out some swirls, spirals, or other nifty designs.
These Petit Fours aren't just delicious — they are hauntingly-delicious. Don't make me beg you to try them!
Making the layered cakes — Cut the pound cake into 18 1/4-inch slices. Place the slices on a parchment-lined baking sheet. Spread 6 slices with the apricot preserves, and another 6 slices with the raspberry preserves. Place the raspberry-spread pieces on top of the apricot-spread pieces, and top each with a third, unadorned slice. Cover the "sandwiches" with plastic wrap, and weight them with a casserole dish or platter. Refrigerate for 30 minutes or overnight.
The White Chocolate Glaze – Put the chocolate and butter into a stainless steel (or heat-proof glass) bowl. Set the bowl over a pan of barely simmering water. Stir with a spatula until the butter and chocolate melt, and transform themselves into a luscious white lava. Ladle the chocolate over the cakes, and let it drizzle down the sides. Cool for at least 30 minutes.
The Royal Icing – Put the egg white into a stainless steel bowl. Whisk until foamy. Add the sifted confectioners' sugar, and stir until perfectly smooth. (If the icing is too thick, stir in a teaspoon or two of water.) Stir in a speck of food coloring, if you wish to tint the icing.
Piping the Icing – Scoop the icing into a plastic zip-lock-type bag. Squeeze the bag so the icing will be concentrated in one corner. Snip off the corner tip, and pipe swirls, spirals, or dots onto the tops of the cakes.
Serving and Storage – You can serve the cakes immediately, or place them in an airtight container for up to 24 hours. For longer storage, refrigerate for up to 1 week. For even longer storage, omit the Royal Icing, and freeze the chocolate-covered cakes for up to 1 month. Pipe on the Royal Icing before serving.
Think you'll give these simple Petit Fours a whirl? You can let me know by leaving a comment. As always, I love to hear from you.
What a great idea. They're so beautiful! And I just happen to be heading to a fabulous kitchenware store in 13 minutes. I might need to look for a 1 1/4 inch diameter biscuit cutter! I've honestly just needed a good excuse to buy one, and now I've got it!
Perfect little addition to my approaching weekend family feast 🙂 I am sure the grandson will think it is his birthday lol. Our little people have disappearing luggage !
Clearly Sarah has good taste and knew you were up to the task! I was delighted to share in the tasting of these beautiful little morsels. Moist cake layered with jewel toned fruit (raspberry being one of my favorite flavors ever!) and sweet creamy white chocolate – such a great combination! A lovely feast for the palate as well as the eye- these are just lovely! Thanks for sharing!
PS- While I had good intentions for some of those "scraps" you shared… I ended up eating those right out of the bag!! Also delicious!
OMG what a great idea!! These look beautiful and I never would have thought to make them myself – these are now on my bucket list!
For less waste, make 'em square! Even though these are beautiful….
Just beautiful! I SO want to have tea with you and Ms. Sarah!!!
I LOVE petit fours but am way too cheap to buy them, and when I saw this post I didn't know whether to be thrilled (finally – knowing how to make them myself!) or mad (assuming it was a very complicated cake recipe, with tiny amounts of expensive ingredients). I couldn't believe it's really that easy – can't wait to try my hand at them!. You made my week!!! And I'd be very surprised if the scraps last long enough to be transformed into anything but an easy snack….
I am looking so forward to making these treats for Easter. They are perfectly beautiful! Thank you for all of your appealing posts.
Carol has a great idea for Easter, they will look lovely with pastel colored icing!
How handy to utilize the Fisher Price people for scale in the photos.
The finished product looks completely professional ! Bravo !
Great instructions and beautiful pics. As a health care worker you lost me at raw eggs in the Royal icing. Maybe special pasteurized eggs like the Food Network recommends.
Hi Kevin! I have a Sara Lee pound cake in the freezer, so I'm going to make these beautiful Petit Fours today. Wish me luck!
Kevin, I just googled your house on the satellite view. Your formal gardens look wonderful from outer space.
Ghosts and Fisher Price Little People — I like how you write recipes!
Deborah – Can you provide a link? I'd like to see my gardens from outer space, too!
Thanks for another elegant, easy-to-do dessert.
Note for Gloria, in comment #12: Kevin's royal icing uses only one egg white. If you buy fresh, organic eggs, the raw white should be perfectly safe to eat.
Love your step by step recipes!
No garden chores for me, too much snow on the ground. But I can make your Petit Fours this afternoon! Think I'll use the seedless raspberry jam for both layers.
Hi, Kevin – I'll definitely make these – they look lovely and will taste divine, I'm sure. I'm supposed to be cutting down on sugar so hopefully I'll be able to stop at one (not!).
I don't know how you find enough time in a day to do all you do!
I love your site and I am definitely going to make these petit fours. Thanks for the wonderful pictures and directions. I always promote your site in my garden group when people ask about winter sowing. I learned how from your WS 101. You have wonderful posts.
Made them! I was worried about the apricot jam, but it was really easy to strain. The chocolate sauce turned out beautifully, too, and I was glad that it dried on the cakes without any stickiness. The cakes stuck to the wire rack a little, but I nudged them off without much fuss. And should I tell you that I've already eaten most of the scraps and two of the (undecorated) cakes? So good. So good.
Hi Catharine R – So glad you made — and liked — the Petit Fours!
These are absolutely beautiful! Have you ever made them with regular chocolate? My entire family has an aversion to White "Chocolate" ever since I won a 75 pound white chocolate Easter Bunny when I was 13 years old. It took our formerly white chocolate loving family of 10, more than one year to eat the ears and about 1/4th of the head. The bunny got very dusty and we could no longer eat any white chocolate. Thanks! I am looking forward to attempting a milk or dark chocolate version.
"Store bought" pound cake?? I didn't think I'd ever see those words on your recipes!! Now, that's my kind of baking!
I enjoyed the history lesson. Love the music room. Who plays the pianos??
Hi Judith – What a story! You can absolutely use non-white chocolate for the glaze!
Hi Joyce – I'm a musician as well as a cook. I play Bach…Rock…and Wok!
Kevin, I love your plastic bag substitute for a pastry bag. Can hardly wait to try it!
We used to live in the elegant little house that Mr. Wild built for his mum. The memory makes want little cakes! I wonder if you used a square cutter if you might get a few more out of the recipe?
Brilliant, simply brilliant! I see an Easter tea in my future. Thank you for this!
Well, what can I say that hasn't already been said?!? A brilliant approach to a potentially tedious recipe and beautiful as well. So nice to have this stashed away as a recipe.
I just want to congratulate you on your recipe for the petite fours. It sounds so delicious and simple, and I don't think you need to force me to make them….tee hee.
This just cheered me up this morning for reasons I can't explain. Thanks!
Perfect winter project Kevin. I have been making these for years [being English!] and do not like white chocolate so use semi sweet good dark chocolate instead. Just as amazing and mixed with white covered ones on a plate is something else. Awesome.
Gorgeous! Just what I needed to see!
i must try this, but might modify by using marzipan, rolled out thin, instead of some of the frosting — this would be an 18th or 19th century thing, i think..
Shall serve this at the next garden club event!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I must say, these are simply darling.
These look great and so much easier than the old way! Thanks!
These will work perfect for my daughters wedding. We wanted little cakes on each table instead of the big traditional cake, more like a finger food tea sampler!
Delightful, delicious, deceptively easy. I made a second batch, glazed with chocolate and adorned with a single crystalized violet from my garden. Definitely worth getting out the china cups & saucers. Thanks Kevin, your recipes never fail to delight.
I so want to make these. Your recipes are all so wonderful — and yet, simple. The directions are clear — and I don't feel like I have to run out and buy "special" things to create what you have created. I have lots of cookbooks — and some are so complicated. I am looking forward to the publication of your cookbook.
I have a wonderful homemade pound cake recipe that I will definitely try with this! Thanks for simplifying this great little snack!
Kevin, I just read this and laughed out loud at the "little people" playing in the pound cake holes. Never lose your wonderful sense of humor!
Thanks for sharing your parents with us. Cherish them while you can. I don't have my parents. I miss them so much. You look like your mom. I will definitely try this cuties.
Love this recipe! I'm going to try it for my upcoming Tea Party. I'll let you know how they turn out.
I want to make these for Easter this year. I think I will try creating tiny little flowers onto the frosted cakes. Thank you for all of your wonderful recipes!


François Christophe Kellermann or de Kellermann, 1st Duc de Valmy (28 May 1735 – 23 September 1820) was a French military commander, later the Général d'Armée, a Marshal of France and a freemason. Marshal Kellermann served in varying roles throughout the entirety of two epochal conflicts, the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Kellermann is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 3.
François Christophe de Kellermann came from a Saxon family, which was long settled in Strasbourg and ennobled. He was the only son of a family living in the French province of Alsace. His father was François de Kellermann and his mother, Baroness Marie von Dyhrn.
The fifteen-year-old François Kellermann entered the French Army as a cadet volunteer with a hussar regiment: the Régiment de Loweridath. He was commissioned as an ensign in the Royal-Bavière infantry regiment and promoted to captain in 1758 in the course of the Seven Years' War. On one occasion he distinguished himself by capturing 300 prisoners, while leading a small cavalry detachment. In 1771 Kellermann saw active service in Poland, becoming a chevalier of the Order of Saint-Louis. A further promotion to capitaine-commandant followed in 1776 before he became major in the Hussars of Conflans (Hussards de Conflans) three years later. Kellermann became brigadier-general in 1784, and in the following year marechal-de-camp. While a number of Napoleon's marshals served in the Royal army prior to the Revolution, Kellermann was the only one to have reached such senior rank under the former regime.
In 1789 Kellermann enthusiastically embraced the cause of the French Revolution, and in 1791 became general of the army in Alsace. In April 1792 he was made a lieutenant-general, and in August of the same year there came to him the opportunity of his lifetime. He rose to the occasion, and his victory over the Prussians at the Battle of Valmy, in Goethe's words, "opened a new era in the history of the world". Napoleon later commented that: "I think I'm the boldest general that ever lived, but I daren't take post on that ridge with windmill at Valmy (where Kellermann took position) in 1793".
Transferred to the army on the Moselle, Kellermann was accused by General Adam Custine of neglecting to support his operations on the Rhine; but he was acquitted at the bar of the National Convention in Paris, and placed at the head of the army of the Alps and of Italy, in which position he showed himself a careful commander and excellent administrator.
Shortly afterwards he received instructions to reduce Lyons, then in revolt against the Convention, but shortly after the surrender he was imprisoned in Paris for thirteen months. Once more honourably acquitted, he was reinstated in his command, and did good service in maintaining the south-eastern border against the Austrians until his army was merged into that of General Napoleon Bonaparte in Italy.
Kellermann was then sixty-two years of age, still physically equal to his work, but the young generals who had come to the front in the previous two years represented the new spirit and the new art of war, and Kellermann's active career came to an end. But the hero of Valmy was never forgotten. When Napoleon came to power Kellermann was named successively senator (1800), president of the Senate (1801), honorary Marshal of France (19 May 1804), and title of Duke of Valmy (1808).
In his service to the First French Empire, Kellermann was frequently employed in the administration and training of the army. He also took control of the line of communications and the command of reserve troops, and his long and wide experience made him one of Napoleon's most valuable assistants.
In 1814 he voted for the deposition of the emperor and became a peer under the royal government of Louis XVIII. After the "Hundred Days" he sat in the Chamber of Peers and voted with the Liberals.
Marshal Kellermann died in Paris on 23 September 1820, and is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery.
His son François Étienne de Kellermann, 2nd Duke of Valmy, also fought for Napoleon and was promoted to cavalry general after the Battle of Marengo. Kellermann's grandson was the politician François Christophe Edmond de Kellermann.
^ a b c d e f g h Chisholm 1911, p. 718.
^ Chisholm 1911, pp. 718–719.
^ a b c d e f Chisholm 1911, p. 719.
^ a b Kielland 1908, p. 45.
^ Brown 1973, p. 61.
Brown, Frederick (1973). Père Lachaise: elysium as real estate. New York: Viking Press. p. 61. ISBN 0-670-54804-9. OCLC 698450.
Kielland, Alexander Lange (1908). Napoleon's men and methods. New York: Brentano's. p. 45. OCLC 3636503.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kellermann, François Christophe de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 718–719.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to François Christophe Kellermann.
"Kellermann, François Chistophe" . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
"Kellermann, François Christophe" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
This page was last edited on 17 November 2018, at 23:05 (UTC).


← A laptop just for us ladies? Oh gosh!
This is what my living room looks like after Viggo (nephew) has been visiting.
But, how could I not forgive this face?
Bonus photo of Saga, who decided to make herself comfy in my bed. Is it just me, or do cats have odd sleeping positions?
This is *my* bed now!
Haha, your nephew really is adorable.
And cats are so weird! My roommate's cat, when I'm sleeping on my side, will attempt to sleep perched awkwardly on my hip and waist, and she's never comfortable and will keep moving around, instead of just accepting she won't fit comfortably and moving beside me. She just likes being on top of people!


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7 LGBT 'Star Wars' Characters You Probably Didn't Know Exist (Photos)
J.J. Abrams says we'll see some LGBT "Star Wars" characters soon. But here are some that die-hard fans have already met.
Phil Owen | March 10, 2016 @ 3:52 PM	Last Updated: March 21, 2016 @ 7:14 PM
J.J. Abrams recently said that "of course" gay characters would soon be seen in the "Star Wars" galaxy. And Mark Hamill said that Luke Skywalker could be gay. But there are already several LGBT "Star Wars" characters -- at least in the galaxy of books, comics, and games.
Reess Kairn, who appeared as the villain in the 1999 comic "The Bounty Hunters: Aurra Sing," had undergone "transgenderative surgery" to transition from an alien male to a human woman.
Juhani (right), a lesbian cathar alien, was featured in the video game "Knights of the Old Republic" in 2004, and was the first confirmed and openly gay character in Star Wars.
Lord Cytharat is a gay Sith introduced in "Star Wars: The Old Republic" in 2013, and was the first character in the long-running online game who could share a kiss with a player character of the same gender.
Lemda is a bisexual woman introduced in "Star Wars: The Old Republic" in 2013. Players can swap numbers with her, but she never calls.
The spy Theron Shan's backstory was detailed in both comics (in 2011) and a novel (in 2012) before appearing in the video game "Star Wars: The Old Republic" in 2014 as someone that player characters could become romantically involved with, no matter their gender.
The bisexual Lana Beniko first appeared in the video game "Star Wars: The Old Republic" in 2014.
The bisexual Koth Vortena was introduced in the video game "Star Wars: The Old Republic" in 2015.


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UMBERTO NOBILE AND THE RED TENT
Umberto Nobile, aeronautical engineer and manufacturer, participated as a commander in two expeditions to the North Pole, during his second expedition airship "Italia" crashed on the pack.
On 21st January 1885 he was born in Lauro, in the vicinity of Naples. He belonged to a noble Bourbon family, the grandfather was chamberlain of King Francesco II, the father Vincenzo Nobile delle Piane, remained faithful to the Bourbons after 1860, was stripped of the noble titles; he retained only the name Nobile to mark the patrician origin of his family.
Umberto studied in Naples, attended high school and graduated in mechanical engineering at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Naples in 1908 with honors; he completed his studies at the Military Engineering Aeronautics in Rome where he specialized in the construction of aircraft.
In 1919 he was appointed plant manager of Aeronautical Constructions Military where he designed new types of airships with semi-rigid scaffolding. He was called to the US to collaborate in the construction of the airship N1, where he met the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. For his merits in 1925 he was appointed lieutenant colonel of Aeronautical Engineers.
April 10th, 1926 Umberto Nobile left Rome to command the airship Norge for the first expedition to the North Pole. Crossing Europe made a stop in Pulham in England, Oslo, Leningrad, arriving on May 7th the Svalbard Islands, King's Bay (Ny Alesund), which had been set up a landing station.
Svalbard embarked Norwegian explorer Amundsen, who had sponsored the expedition through funding from the Norwegian Aviation Club, and the American Lincoln Ellsworth of Chicago.
Roald Amundsen was born in Borge in Norway on July 16th, 1872, he had already reached the South Pole in 1911-1912, which had been blocked by ice throughout the winter, also opened the first northwest passage starting in 1905-1906 from Baffin Bay and reaching the Bering Strait on the ship Gjøa.
Lincoln Ellsworth, wealthy industrialist, had participated in the first expedition of Amundsen to the North Pole aboard two seaplanes. The expedition had failed due to a fault in one of the two planes; All participants returned so adventurous at the base at Svalbard aboard a single aircraft.
On May 11th, the airship Norge took flight toward the Polo carrying Nobile, Amundsen, Ellsworth and a crew of five Italians, seven Norwegian and a Swede. On 12th May 1926 at 1:30 am (Greenwich time) flew over the North Pole. After a brief stop on the sky of the pole it went to Alaska on May 14th touched down in Teller.
There were controversies between Amundsen and Nobile for who should take credit for the shipping. The funds were all Norwegians and Americans, obtained for the interest of the Norwegian, Nobile was to have the command of the expedition, reserving the role of passengers to Amundsen and Ellsworth. Upon returning from the Arctic Nobile he was promoted Major General.
Given the success of the first expedition, in 1928 the Italian government, eager to deed fascist Italy a further success, sponsored a new scientific expedition to explore the North Pole.
The semi-rigid airship Italia was set up for the enterprise, Umberto Nobile was posed to the command. The crew of 13 people, including the commander, was formed from all Italian, which was then joined by three scientists: Finn Malmgren (meteorologist), Francis Behounek (magnetic fields), Aldo Pontremoli (physical); Two journalists were part of the expedition, Francesco Tomaselli and Ugo Lago, the first was landed at King's Bay, also on board the dog of Nobile, Titina.
April 15th, 1928 the airship Italy with its crew took off from Milan to reach the base on Svalbard, stopping at Stolp, now the Polish city facing the Baltic Sea, and Vadso, far north of Norway; It landed at the base of Ny Alesund (King's Bay) on May 6th. In support of the expedition the military support ship Città di Milano, under Captain Giuseppe Romagna Manoja, had been sent to Svalbard, carrying a group of Alpine troops led by Captain Gennaro Sora.
On May 23rd, the airship Italia, with 16 people on board, including 12 crew: Nobile, Zappi, Mariano, Viglieri, Biagi, Cecioni, Trojani, Pomella, Arduino, Ciocca, Alessandrini, Caratti, the three scientists, the journalist Lago and dog Titina, set off to reach the North Pole, a stop on the pack to allow data recordings by the three researchers and return to Svalbard or go to Alaska, depending on weather conditions.
The next day, May 24th, 1928 at 1:30 am (Greenwich Time), the airship Italy touched the North Pole; because of a storm approaching it was not possible to make the scheduled stop on the ice, after two hours, the airship took the way back.
The bad weather continued and strong winds made it difficult to fly back to King's Bay. Near the end of navigation, in sight of the mountains of Svalbard, because of the storm and technical problems arose along the way, the airship lost altitude going down dangerously; At 10.30 of 25th May airship Italia impacted violently on the ice.
The cockpit broke away from the airship, which, lightened, continued his run resuming share; board airship were six men: Arduino, Ciocca, Alessandrini, Caratti, the journalist Lago and the scientist Pontremoli. These men are scattered, and nothing has been found since today, it assumes that went submerged in the Barents Sea.
They found themselves in nine on the ice: Nobile, seriously injured with fractures to the legs and one arm, Zappi, Mariano, Viglieri, the radio operator Biagi who had brought the emergency radio with him hugging its tightly, Trojani, Cecioni with a broken leg, scientists Malmgren and Behounek, the tenth, Pomella, was found dead not far away, the dog Titina was found alive on the ice.
Arduino, remained in the airship which was recovering altitude, realizing that the airship was not manageable and could not return back, immediately threw out everything that could serve to the companions on the pack.
The fit men on the ice found the little support radio intact, an emergency bag with a colt and a hundred ammunition, a flare gun, a sleeping bag and various other things, and they also found the tent that should have been used to stop at the Pole, sized to accommodate four people.
The fractures of two injured men were immobilized with the wreckage found on the pack and placed both in the only sleeping bag. The small tent was erected and the two injured with the other were hospitalized at night, the tent was painted red with bottles of aniline found in the wreckage to make it more visible; the radio was equipped with an aerial built with the remains of the cabin of the airship and was able to transmit. Throughout the afternoon of the 25th they sent SOS messages the wavelength of the ship Romagna, with the hope that they were captured.
The messages sent by the radio Ondina 33 in the days following were picked up by the Città di Milano, but were not taken into account because the captain Romagna not judged them to be reliable, convinced of the death of all the members of the expedition; in this emergency situation there was an absolute inaction of the Italian ship and its commander, which was delayed several days for help.
On May 29th, a polar bear approached the camp, it was shot to death by Malmgren with the Colt that so procured abundant food to the survivors. The following day the drift of the ice led Nobile and the crew in view of an island north of Svalbard; Mariano, Zappi and Malmgren decided, in accordance with Nobile, to walk to the mainland, Malmgren died during the march.
Only on June 3rd an Russian radio ham of Arcangelo city caught radio signals launched by the red curtain and alerted the international community by radio; the relief snapped by the many Arctic explorers: Norwegian, with Amundsen at the forefront, Finnish, Swedish, French and Russian. The famous Italian pilot Umberto Maddalena participated in the research with a seaplane Savoia-Marchetti S.55 following a fundraising of Milan Autoclub to finance the expedition; even the pilot Pier Luigi Penzo participated in research with a Dornier Wal Marina 2.
On June 18th, during a reconnaissance flight, Roald Amundsen and five men of crew were sunk in the Arctic sea with the French air Latham 47. On the same day the captain of the alpine Gennaro Sora, who was on the ship Città di Milano, decided to organize a research expedition with slides to the northern part of Svalbard along with the explorers Varming and Van Dogen, were rescued by a Swedish air on July 14th.
On June 22nd, the two Italian seaplanes with Maddalena and Penzo plus two Swedish aircraft, identified the survivors, dropped food and supplies; the day after the Swedish pilot Lundborg was able to land near the red tent. Despite the denials of Nobile who wanted that Cecioni, in need of care, was shipped immediately, Lundborg was unshakeable to carry first commander, possibly due to request of the insurance company that had signed a life insurance policy of huge amount with Nobile. Nobile and the dog Titina transferred at King's Bay, Lundborg flew away to go to help Cecioni, while landing on the pack seaplane overturned and the pilot got stuck with the others.
Meanwhile the Soviet icebreaker Krassin, which had sailed from Leningrad on June 16th, approached the scene of the disaster, July 12th sighted and taken on board Mariano and Zappi, the same day at 8 pm sighted survivors of the red tent taking them on board , Lundborg had already been rescue on July 6th by a De Havilland Moth piloted by Schyberg that failed to make any further relief.
The return home of Nobile was full of controversy, due to the fact that he was the first to rescue, he resigned from the air force. One of the major opponents of Nobile was Cesare Balbo, who aspired to succeed Mussolini, but the reputation of Nobile, obscuring his figure, made it more difficult its political purposes.
In 1930 Umberto Nobile went to the Soviet Union where he participated in the local program of construction of airships, then moved to the United States. At the end of World War II he returned to Italy where he was reinstated and appointed General in the Air Force, also was elected to the Constituent Assembly for the Communist Party.
General Nobile retired to private life devoting himself to writing several books in which he told his version of the two expeditions to the North Pole in which he had participated. He died in Rome July 30, 1978.
(Photo at the top: Dirigibile Italia a Ciampino, 1926)
THE TRAGIC LOVE OF MARIA D'AVALOS FOR FABRIZIO CARAFA
ARMANDO DIAZ, FROM CAPORETTO TO THE VICTORY
ISRAELI RAID AT ENTEBBE
BIOGRAPHY OF BENEDETTO CROCE
EDGAR DEGAS AND HIS LINKS WITH NAPLES


Moving to garden grove, california?
Bradley Nowell (Sublime), who grew up in the city, wrote the song "Garden Grove" about it. Garden Grove was founded in 1874 by Alonzo Cook. Until the arrival of the railroad in 1905, the area was only a small rural crossroads. The railroad allowed the town to prosper with crops of orange, walnuts, chili peppers, and strawberries. The Long Beach earthquake of 1933 destroyed much of Garden Grove's business district. Fortunately for the city, the post-WWII boom led to rapid development and the city was finally incorporated in 1956.
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SPECTRUM Bundles are available in Garden Grove, California. You can now bundle your digital TV, high speed Internet and Home Phone services into one package, and enjoy great discounts and the convenience of just one monthly bill. SPECTRUM offers residents of Garden Grove, California the chance to save big while enjoying the latest digital home service technology. If you're in the market for Internet, TV and Phone and live in Garden Grove, you can take advantage of SPECTRUM deals. Search and compare SPECTRUM offers in Garden Grove and start saving on digital home services today. With SPECTRUM TV, residents of Garden Grove, California can access all the latest entertainment, including an extensive On Demand service with thousands of programming options. Catch up on reality TV shows, movie classics and all the latest family-friendly TV entertainment. SPECTRUM Internet lets you surf and stream the way you want to. Residents of Garden Grove can enjoy buffer-free Internet access and even watch live TV. There are a number of high speed internet packages available. Plus, SPECTRUM Internet is reliable and secure. SPECTRUM Home Phone service is a great addition to SPECTRUM TV and Internet bundles, allowing Garden Grove residents to talk more for less. What's more, SPECTRUM Home Phone comes with unlimited nationwide text, a feature that saves you money on cell phone messaging. When you bundle all three digital home services, you enjoy bigger savings and all the benefits of SPECTRUM TV, Internet and Phone.
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Q: Does "Firebase Unity SDK" correspond to "Notification Channels" which is a new feature of Android Oreo? I think that the following is necessary to push notification to Android Oreo's terminal.
· Register "Notification Channel"
· Create "Notification" and register to "Notification Channel"
How can I do the above processing using "Firebase Unity SDK"?


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Home › The Spook School - Could It Be Different?
The Spook School - Could It Be Different?
Glasgow, Scotland's indiepop optimists The Spook School, despite personal and political obstacle, made it out, and their latest full-length Could It Be Different? is here. It's been a journey of self-discovery and feel-good realism; modern, dance-friendly indiepop fueling the fun. They made a name for themselves for their exultant and empowering pop, and now, they've shown real growth in nuance. Even at their most beaten down, The Spook School manage to find hope free of naivety. That's clear the second the album opens with "Still Alive," and its ascending chorus (and soon-to- be crowd favorite) of "Fuck You, I'm
Still Alive," written by Nye after surviving an emotionally abusive relationship. The song avoids villainizing the past, instead, it celebrates the present and welcomes the unknown future.


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The Moomin Museum's Studio lets you unleash your inner artist! The Studio provides a workspace where museum visitors can get creative in free-form sessions and guided workshops every day from noon to 4pm (except some private events). All visitors are welcome to drop in and get arty! The workshops vary in content and theme, ranging from art-making and crafts to community projects.
Moominland Midwinter is a book of dark, mysterious illustrations capturing the long, eerie shadows of winter. Moomintroll, who usually hibernates, has never experienced anything quite like the cold and darkness of winter before. Tove Jansson used the scratchboard technique to achieve evocative shadowy effects. Scratchboard is a form of direct engraving in which dark ink is scratched away to reveal a white image beneath. We invite you to take part in our instructed workshop, in which you can make a similar type of artwork with a printmaking technique. Our graphic art workshop uses a subtractive technique similar to scratchboard: Paint, draw or scratch forth an image on a plate, and then try hand-printing it on our printing press. Create your own shadowy image of winter, or ink your plate with gold and bring out the sunshine!
A musical treat awaits visitors at the Moomin Museum during the school winter holidays. Members of the Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra will provide special entertainment in the form of Carnival of the Animals children's concert on 21.2. and 22.2. at Tampere Hall. Inspired by the concerts, we will also host a series of animal-themed musical workshops at the museum. Listen to the music: Can you make out the sound of a roaring lion, an elephant trumpeting or a swansong? And what does a howling wolf sound like? As we all know, the Moomin stories are teeming with whimsical animals and strange creatures, such as the huge Mameluke fish and the Antion, a creature that lives deep in the sand on Moominvalley beach.
What animal or strange creature does the music remind you of? Come and create your creature in our guided printmaking workshop!


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Macaulay Culkin Net Worth – Earnings From Home Alone And Other Acting Endeavors
Home » Richest Celebrities » Macaulay Culkin Net Worth – Earnings From Home Alone And Other Acting Endeavors
Upadted On: July 14, 2021 Published On: July 9, 2021 Rupakheti
Macaulay Culkin is regarded as one of the most successful actors in the industry and has amassed immense fortune. Image Source: Macaulay Culkin Instagram.
Macaulay Culkin Net Worth And Earnings
Income From Movies
Income From Television Series
Income As A Musician
Relationship And Kids
Macaulay Culkin, born Macaulay Carson Culkin, is a well-known actor from America. He is considered one of the most successful child actors of the 90s. He is also a renowned musician who has amassed an immense fortune from his works.
According to Wealthy Gorilla, Macaulay Culkin's net worth is estimated to be $18 million. Here, let's learn how the talented actor accumulated such an immense fortune and his earning details.
As stated above, Macaulay Culkin's net worth is estimated to be $18 million. The wealth that Culkin has amassed in his career comprises his income as an actor, musician, podcaster, and several other ventures that he has been involved in.
Culkin began acting when he was four years old. He performed in the different stage production of Bach Babies at the New York Philharmonic. He then began appearing in various films and television series in the 80s.
As mentioned earlier, Macaulay Culkin began acting at a very young age and gained huge success since the beginning phase of his career. He has worked in more than dozens of movies in his career, which were massive hits, and has gotten good reviews. He made his big-screen debut in the late 1980s in the film Rocket Gibraltar and then went on to start in other different movies.
Here are some of the movies starred by Macaulay and their box office collections.
Box Office Collections
Rocket Gibraltar $92.5K
Uncle Buck $63.9M
Jacob's Ladder $24.8M
Only the Lonely $19.9M
My Girl $60.2M
Richie Rich $37.1M
Saved! $459.4K
Party Monster $668.1K
The Pagemaster $12M
Getting Even With Dad $18.1M
Although he has acted in several movies, Macaulay is best known for his work as Kevin McCallister in the comedy movie Home Alone. The film made a total of $281.5 million in the US. Similarly, he also starred in the sequel Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, which made a total of $172.7 million in box office collections.
Macaulay was reportedly paid $110,000 for his role in the movie. Culkin's salary to reprise the role in the sequel was $4.5 million. In addition, here are some of the films that he has starred in and the salary per movie.
Salary Per Movie
Uncle Buck $40,000
The Good Son $1.5M
Getting Even With Dad $8M
Richie Rich $8M
Moreover, Culkin starred in seven films between 1989 and 1994, and at that time, he earned a total of $23.5 million.
Overall, Macaulay seems to have gained considerable success through the films that he has acted in. Well, as mentioned earlier, those movies have gotten good reviews and were also massive hits. So, from those contributions, Culkin must have benefitted well.
Apart from the movies, Culkin has also appeared in numerous television series. He made his television debut in 1988 by appearing in an episode of the television series The Equalizer. Since then, he has made appearances in series like Frasier, Will & Grace, Robot Chicken, Kings, etc.
As a television actor, Macaulay must have also made a significant amount.
In February 2020, Ryan Murphy, American Horror Story's co-creator, announced that Macaulay would be part of the upcoming 10th season of the series. Many famous actors like Kathy Bates, Emma Roberts, Angela Bassett, etc., are the series's main characters. So there is a chance that Macaulay Culkin's net worth might see considerable growth in the upcoming days.
Also Read: Russell Hornsby Net Worth And Earnings
Macaulay Culkin was a group member of the American rock band, The Pizza Underground, where he played kazoo, percussion and was a vocalist as well. Other members of the band were Phoebe Kreutz, Matt Colbourn, Deenah Vollmer, and Austin Kilham.
Furthermore, in December 2013, Culkin produced and directed a video of himself eating a cheese pizza along with Phoebe. The videos uploaded on YouTube went viral, and through the video, he promoted the band's debut. A month later, they released their first music video.
The group released several different music videos, which were mainly musical parody and earned significantly. In 2016, he announced that the group was splitting up and their next album would be the last.
Apart from acting and music, many other sources contribute to the actor's fortune.
Macaulay wrote an autobiographical book named Junior, which was published in 2006. The book was sold for $12.17. In addition, he is the publisher and CEO of a satirical pop culture podcast and website called Bunny Ears, which he created in 2017. He also has a YouTube channel named Bunny Ears, where he uploads podcast videos and several other vlogs.
A post shared by Macaulay 'Instagram' Culkin (@culkamania)
Similarly, Culkin also has a merch whose profits go to the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Furthermore, he has appeared in several TV ads, and among them, an ad for Google Assistant, where he reprised his role of Kevin, was the most notable.
Macaulay's fame and recognition, which has gained because of his earlier works, have helped him receive several endorsement and sponsorship offers. He has deals with several brands like Sprite, which pays him handsomely.
Thus, Macaulay Culkin's net worth of $18 million seems plausible. With a massive fortune like that, he must have paid a considerable amount in taxes.
Macaulay Culkin is in a blissful relationship with former Disney actress Brenda Song. They began dating in October 2017. The duo welcomed a son, Dakota Song, on April 5, 2021. They both are raising their child with great love and care.
Macaulay Culkin and his girlfriend, Brenda Song, are the doting parents of a son Dakota Song. Image Source: Social Media.
Before being in a relationship with Brenda, he dated actress Mila Kunis from May 2002 to 2010. Their breakup was confirmed by Mila's publicist, who said that their separation was amicable, and they remained close friends.
Macaulay has been married once in his life. Before getting in a relationship with Mila and Brenda, he was married to an actress Rachel Miner. The two me at New York's Profesional Children's School and began dating. After dating for a while, they tied the knot on June 21, 1998. However, their marriage could not last long, and they separated in April 2000.
Their split was announced by Culkin's representative at that time, who said that the separation was amicable, and they remained best of friends. Culkin might have paid a significant amount in alimony and for a divorce settlement. But, even if he had paid, the dent made by the amount has been covered by the income that he has made since then.
As stated above, Macaulay Culkin's net fortune is estimated to be $18 million. All thanks to his multi-million dollars worth of fortune, he is able to live a comfortable and lavish lifestyle. He owns apartments in Paris and New York City.
Culkin owns an apartment at SoHo pad New York, which is worth $2 million. He has named the roomy 5,100-square-foot condo as "playground workspace." In 1999 November, he spent $1.725 million on the house in Manhattan.
Furthermore, Macaulay owns different cars like a Lexus, whose market value is $30,000, G65 Mercedes, a market value of $30,000, and a Ford Escape, a market value of $25,000. Thus, Culkin must have insurance policies for his cars as well.
Looking at his wealth, one cannot doubt that Culkin is doing really great for himself.
Macaulay was one of the seven children of his parents, Kit Culkin and Patricia Brentrup.
He grew up in New York with his siblings, Shane Culkin, Dakota Culkin, Kieran Culkin, Quinn Culkin, Rory Culkin, and Christian Culkin.
He was born in 1980, and he celebrates his birthday on August 26.
Macaulay is godfather to Michael Jackson's kids, Paris Jackson and Prince Jackson.
For more updates on Entertainment, Celebrity Babies, YouTubers, and Movies TV Series, follow eCelebrityMirror.
Angela BassettAustin KilhamBrenda SongCelebrity BabiesCelebrity CoupleCelebrity DivorceChristian CulkinDakota CulkinDakota SongDeenah VollmerEmma RobertsKathy BatesKieran CulkinKit CulkinMacaulay Carson CulkinMacaulay CulkinMatt ColbournMila KunisParis JacksonPatricia BrentrupPhoebe KreutzPrince JacksonQuinn CulkinRachel MinerRichest CelebrityRory CulkinRyan MurphyShane Culkin


Before: LAY,** BEEZER and TROTT, Circuit Judges.
A jury convicted Ralph D. Owen in June 1992 of being a felon in possess ion of a firearm in violation of 18 U. § .C. § 922(g).1 The district court concluded Owen was an armed career offender and enhanced his sentence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(e) based in part on Owen's 1964 and 1966 convictions for robbery and bank robbery. Owen seeks relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. The district court denied Owen's § 2255 motion without an evidentiary hearing and Owen appeals. We review de novo the district court's denial, United States v. Span, 75 F.3d 1383, 1386 (9th Cir. 1996), and we affirm.
Owen claimed that the state court improperly accepted his guilty pleas in 1964 without first advising him of his rights and determining that his plea was knowing and intelligent. He has also asserted that he received ineffective assistance of counsel in his underlying 1966 federal convictions.
The district court noted that it did not have the record of Owen's 1966 convictions. Relying on the Sixth Circuit's treatment of Owen's prior § 2255 challenge to those convictions, Owen v. United States, 660 F.2d 696 (6th Cir. 1981), the district court determined that although Owen's counsel represented Owen's codefendant also, Owen has failed to show any prejudice from the joint representation. The district court did not decide Owen's challenge to his 1964 state convictions given its rejection of his challenge to the 1966 federal convictions.
Gretzler's fourth argument is that the trial court erred by considering at sentencing his nine California murder convictions, arguing that the guilty pleas underlying those convictions were invalid due to ineffective 'assistance of counsel which rendered them unknowing and involuntary. Citing Custis [ ], the district court held that Gretzler could not mount a collateral attack on his prior convictions because those prior convictions were not void for Gideon violations.
We believe that the district court has read Custis too broadly. That case stands for the proposition that, absent a Gideon violation, a defendant in a federal sentencing proceeding has no constitutional right to attack collaterally the validity of previous state convictions used to enhance his federal sentence. The underlying state sentences, however, remain subject to attack in state court or through federal habeas review.
Id. at 1004 (citations and internal quotations omitted).
However, a petitioner claiming ineffective assistance under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984), bears the burden to show that his representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and that there is a reasonable probability that without the unprofessional errors the result would have been different. United States v. Quintero-Barraza, 78 F.3d 1344, 1348 (9th Cir. 1995), cert. denied, 117 S. Ct. 135 (1996). We agree with the district court that Owen has failed on either showing, and his failure is fatal to his claim of ineffective assistance.
Owen also contends he received ineffective assistance of counsel in his 1992 conviction due to his attorney's failure to investigate and present a duress defense. However, " [t]o establish [in support of a duress defense] that he had no alternative to possessing a firearm, [Owen] must show that he actually tried the alternative or had no time to try it, or that a history of futile attempts revealed the illusionary benefits of the alternatives." United States v. Lemon, 824 F.2d 763, 765 (9th Cir. 1987) (citations and internal quotations omitted). Without dispute, the firearm belonged to Owen and Owen was separated from the allegedly coercive informant both before and after Owen retrieved the firearm. Owen's counsel investigated the duress defense and employed it against the only charges to which it applied. Because this was patently reasonable Owen does not establish ineffective assistance under Strickland.
Owen likewise shows no ineffectiveness in his attorney's unsuccessful attempt to persuade him to plead guilty. The government had eyewitness testimony of Owen's participation and also intercepted Owen's own bank robbery plan. Encouraging a guilty plea was not unreasonable.
Finally, Owen maintains the district court should have afforded him an evidentiary hearing before denying his § 2255 motion. The proffered testimony would have established the allegedly abusive relationship between the informant and Owen, but could not overcome Owen's failure to establish that he tried some alternative to possessing the gun--an omission fatal to his duress claim and thus fatal to his ineffective assistance of counsel claim. Because Owen shows no prejudice, we hold the district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Owen an evidentiary hearing.