text:
Coluber constrictor
Species group: Reptiles
Found in: Reptiles of Puget Sound prairie, Terrestrial vertebrates: reptiles
Squamata
Coluber
http://eol.org/pages/2922433/details
Racers are found from southern Canada to Guatemala and almost everywhere in between. These snakes can be found in every state of the U.S, including Michigan's southern lower peninsula.
Conant, R., J. Collins. 1998. Reptiles and Amphibians: Peterson Field Guides. 3rd Ed.. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Ernst, C., R. Barbour. 1998. Snakes of Eastern North America. Virginia: George Mason University Press.
BioKIDS Critter Catalog
This species occurs through most of the United States, and ranges into southern Canada and northern and eastern Mexico, discontinuously southwards to Guatemala and Belize. It extends from southern British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, Wisconsin, Michigan, southern Ontario, New York, and southern Maine southward in the United States to southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, the Gulf Coast, and southern Florida, and southward through northeastern, central, and southern Mexico to Guatemala and Belize (Wilson 1978, Lee 2000, Ernst and Ernst 2003, Stebbins 2003). Elevational range extends from sea level to about 2,550 m (8,300 feet). A record for Durango, Mexico, evidently is erroneous (Webb 2001).
Racers occur from southern Canada to Guatemala, with considerable individual and local variation in regions where two or more subspecies intergrade (Conant and Collins, 1998). Different racer subpopulations include: The northern black racer, Coluber constrictor constrictor, ranges from southern Maine and central New York south to northern Georgia and Alabama. The blue racer, C. c. foxii, is found from Michigan, Wisconson, and Minnesota south to Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. C. c. priapus, the southern black racer, ranges from southern Indiana and Illinois and southeastern North Carolina to central Florida and southern Arkansas. It also occurs on some of the Florida Keys. The Everglades Racer, C. c. paludicola, is found only in southern Florida. The brownchin racer, C. c. helvigularis, occurs only in the lower Chipola and Appalachicola River valleys in Georgia and Florida. C. c. latrunculus, the blackmask racer, occurs in southeastern Louisiana and adjacent Mississippi. The eastern yellow-bellied racer, C. c. flaviventris, is found from extreme southern Saskatchewan southeast through Montana, western North Dakota, east to Iowa and south to Texas. The western yellow-bellied racer is found west of the Rocky Mountains, from southern California and Nevada through through western Colorado, Oregon, and Washington and into southern British Columbia. The buttermilk racer, C. c. anthicus, ranges from south Arkansas to Louisiana, also eastern Texas. C. c. etheridgei, the tan racer inhabits Louisiana and Texas. C. c. oaxaca, the Mexican racer, has isolated populations in New Mexico, but its main range is from south Texas to Veracruz.
Global Range: (>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)) The range extends from southern British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, Wisconsin, Michigan, southern Ontario, New York, and southern Maine southward in the United States to southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, the Gulf Coast, and southern Florida, and southward through northeastern, central, and southern Mexico to Guatemala and Belize (Wilson 1978, Lee 2000, Ernst and Ernst 2003, Stebbins 2003). A record for Durango, Mexico, evidently is erroneous (Webb 2001). Elevational range extends from sea level to about 2,550 meters (8,300 feet).
Continent: Middle-America North-America
Distribution: S Canada (incl. Saskatchewan) USA (Washington, Oregon, California, Illinois, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, Idaho, Utah, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Ohio, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, S New Hampshire, S Vermont, S Maine; Tennessee [latrunculus: HR 31: 54]) E/SE Mexico (Yucatan, Durango), Belize, N Guatemala constrictor: S Maine to NE Alabama. anthicus: S Arkansas, Louisiana, E texas. etheridgei: WC Louisiana, adjacent Texas. flaviventris: Montana, W North Dakota, east to Iowa and south to Texas, SW Louisiana; Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Michigan, Wisconsin, Oklahoma; isolated populations in New Mexico and Texas. foxii: S Ontario, NW Ohio to E Iowa and SE Minnesota; Wisconsin; an isolated population in Menominee Co., Michigan (intergrades with flaviventris). helvigularis: Lower Chipola and Apalachicola R. valleys in Florida panhandle and adjacent Georgia. latrunculus: SE Louisiana north along the east side of the Mississippi to N Missouri. oaxacae: S Texas and Tamaulipas to C Veracruz; isolated records in Nuevo León, Coahuila, Durango, Colima, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Guatemala.
Type locality: "Mexico". Seems to intergrade with flaviventris in New Mexico and Texas. Holotype: MNHN. paludicola: Everlglades, SE Florida, upper Florida Keys, E Florida. Holotype: USNM priapus: SE states and north and west in Mississippi valley to S Indiana and SE Oklahoma, Lower Florida Keys.
Type locality: "Canada"
Peter Uetz
Coluber_constrictor is a long, slender snake, which can reach lengths of 6 feet (191 cm). They range in color from blue in the north to black in the south and yellow and gray in the western U.S. The blue and black racers have no skin patterns, but some other racers have spots or blotches. Racers in Michigan are a dark-blue color and have white chins.
Young racers have a gray body covered with brown or red bands.
Range length: 191 (high) cm.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes shaped differently
The mature racer has very smooth shiny scales with a divided anal plate (Conant and Collins, 1998). There are 17 scale rows midbody, and 15 near the tail. The normal coloration is a very dark and uniform dorsum with variations ranging from black, bluish, gray, to olive brown. The head is narrow but still wider than the neck with very distinct brow ridges. The chin and throat areas vary from white to yellowish progressing back to a ventrum that could be black, dark gray, light blue, white, cream or yellow. The average adult length ranges from 90-190 cm. (35-75 in.) (Harding, 1997).
Juvenile racers are strongly patterned with grays, browns, and reds. The coloring fades as the snake grows older and at 30 inches all traces have usually disappeared (Conant and Collins, 1998).
Male racers can be distinguished from the female of the species in that the tail is longer with a wide base, sometimes even a bulge. The female's tail tapers abruptly from the body (Harding, 1997).
Racers live in dry, sunny areas such as old farm fields, grass meadows, thin forests, and swamps. During the coldest winter months, racers hibernate in underground shelters.
Habitat Regions: temperate
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; chaparral ; forest ; scrub forest ; mountains
Wetlands: marsh ; swamp ; bog
Other Habitat Features: agricultural
Harding, J. 1997. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Greene, H. 1997. Snakes: The Evolution of Mystery in Nature. California: University of California Press.
Habitats encompass a wide range of lowland and montane areas, including deserts, prairies, sandhills, shrublands, woodlands, forests, canyons, streamsides, and semi-agricultural areas. This snake is absent from the driest deserts and highest mountains (subalpine zones and higher). It commonly climbs shrubs and small trees. When inactive, it hides underground, in crevices, or under surface cover. Adults often hibernate communally, sometimes partly submerged in water. Eggs are laid in an underground tunnel or burrow, rotting stump, sawdust pile, or under a rock. Oviposition sites may be up to at least several hundred metres from the usual home range (Brown and Parker 1976; Iverson et al. 1995, Herpetological Review 26: 147-148).
Racers prefer dry sunny areas with access to cover, including old fields, open woodland, hedgerows, thickets and wood edges, sometimes damper sites such as bogs, marshes, and lake edges are also used. In the Great Lakes region, racers occupy a home area that may range in size from 2.5 acres (1 ha) to 25 acres (20 ha) depending on the productivity of the habitat (Harding, 1997). During several cold months of the year racers are inactive in shelters hidden from subfreezing temperatures. Fall and spring activity peaks are associated with movement to and from the hibernacula as well as mating and feeding (Greene, 1997).
Comments: Habitats encompass a wide range of lowland and montane areas, including deserts, prairies, sandhills, shrublands, woodlands, forests, canyons, streamsides, and semi-agricultural areas. This snake is absent from the driest deserts and highest mountains (subalpine zones and higher). It commonly climbs shrubs and small trees. When inactive, it hides underground, in crevices, or under surface cover. Adults often hibernate communally, sometimes partly submerged in water. Eggs are laid in underground tunnels or burrows, rotting stumps, sawdust piles, or under rocks. Oviposition sites may be up to at least several hundred meters from the usual home range (Brown and Parker 1976, Iverson et al. 1995).
Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.
Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).
Migrates up to at least 1.8 km between winter hibernaculum and summer range in Utah (Brown and Parker 1976), up to at least 2.3 km (average at least 848 m) in Michigan (Rosen 1991).
Racers are carnivores. They have very broad diets. Juvenile racers eat mainly Insecta, Araneae, small Anura, small reptiles (including Sauria and Serpentes and their eggs) and young Rodentia and Soricidae. As racers grow, they take larger prey as well, including nestling Aves and their eggs, other Mammalia as large as Sciuridae and small Sylvilagus, small Testudines and larger snakes.
Animal Foods: birds; mammals; amphibians; reptiles; eggs; insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods
Racers are carnivores. They have very broad diets. Juvenile racers eat mainly insects, spiders, small frogs, small reptiles (including lizards and snakes and their eggs) and young rodents and shrews. As racers grow, they take larger prey as well, including nestling birds and their eggs, other mammals as large as squirrels and small cottontail rabbits, small turtles and larger snakes (Greene, 1997). Their food is not constricted as the name would imply, instead a loop of the snake's body is thrown over the struggling victim, pressing it down so that it can be swallowed (Conant and Collins, 1998).
Primary Diet: carnivore (Eats terrestrial vertebrates, Insectivore )
Comments: Diet typically includes small mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and large insects.
Ecosystem Roles
Coluber_constrictor is a mid-level predator, eating many kinds of smaller animals, but in turn eaten by larger predators.
Racers are eaten by Aves, Canis lupus familiaris, Felis silvestris, and Canis latrans.
domestic dogs (Canis_lupus_familiaris)
domestic cats (Felis_silvestris)
coyotes (Canis_latrans)
birds (Aves)
Coluber constrictor is a mid-level predator, eating many kinds of smaller animals, but in turn eaten by larger predators.
Racers are eaten by birds, dogs, cats, and coyotes.
domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)
domestic cats (Felis silvestris)
coyotes (Canis latrans)
Known prey organisms
Coluber constrictor preys on:
Diadophis punctatus
Dendroica petechia
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org
SPIRE project
Number of Occurrences
Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.
Estimated Number of Occurrences: > 300
Comments: This species is represented by a very large number of occurrences or subpopulations (at least several hundred).
Global Abundance
>1,000,000 individuals
Comments: Total adult population size is unknown but probably exceeds 1,000,000. This snake is common in most of its very large range in the United States but appears to be rare at the southern extent of the range in southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize (Lee 2000).
Home range size was estimated at 1.4 ha for nongravid females in Utah (Brown and Parker 1976), about 10 ha in Kansas (Collins 1982). In South Carolina, summer home range was 5-21 ha (mean 12 ha); movement on active days was 74-135 m (mean 104 m); home ranges overlapped (Plummer and Congdon 1994). Population density was estimated to be 0.65/ha in Utah (Brown 1973), up to about 15/ha in Kansas. Estimated adult annual survivorship was 79% in Utah, 62% in Kansas, 54% in Michigan (Rosen 1991).
When confronted by a person, racers, like many harmless snakes, sometimes vibrate the tail. In dry vegetation, this may produce a sound similar to that make by a rattlesnakes rattle.
As with many snakes, vision and olfaction are important percptual channels for racers.
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical
Comments: Racers are inactive during cold weather and are dormant from October or November to March or April in much of the range (Hammerson 1999). They are active on bright overcast or sunny days in summer, but typically only on sunny, relatively warm days in spring and fall (Hammerson, 1987, Rosen 1991). In South Carolina in summer, racers were active on an average of 72% of days; inactive snakes usually were in ecdysis (Plummer and Congdon 1994).
In the wild, racers have been known to live over 10 years.
Range lifespan
Status: wild: 10 (high) years.
Status: captivity: 10 years.
Maximum longevity: 10 years
Racers mate in the spring and lay 3-32 oval-shaped eggs in early summer underneath tree stumps or in animal burrows. Sometimes, the eggs are found grouped with the eggs of other snake species.
Breeding interval: Mating takes place in the spring, from late April until early June.
Breeding season: June to early July
Range number of offspring: 3 to 32.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 to 3 years.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 1 to 2 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous
Mating takes place in the spring, from late April until early June. In June or early July the female will lay 3-32 oval, white eggs in a hidden nest site. Suitable nest sites may be a rotted stump or log, and old mammal burrow, or a nest cavity in the leaf litter or sand (Harding, 1997). The eggs are 2.5 to 3.9 cm long and are coated with small nodules resembling hard, dry grains of salt. Hatching usually occurs in August or early September with young size approximately 7.5-14 inches (39 cm) long (Conant and Collins, 1998). Males become sexually mature in 1 to 2 years, while females mature slower, approximately 2 to 3 years. Racers have been known to oviposit communally, one case reported shows that almost 300 eggs were found in a talus slide. They originated from at least 50 racers, sharp-tailed snakes (Contia tenuis), ring-necked snakes (Diadophis punctatus), and gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer) (Greene,1997).
Eggs laying occurs in June or early to mid-July in most areas. Eggs laying peaks early to mid-June in southern Michigan (Rosen 1991), late June or early July in Utah/Colorado. Clutch size is usually 5-28, averages higher in the east than in the west; mean clutch size about 6 in Utah, 12 in Kansas, 15 in Michigan (Rosen 1991). Eggs hatch in about 6-9 weeks, generally in August or early September. Females become sexually mature in 3 years in Utah, 2-3 years in Kansas, 2 years in Michigan (Rosen 1991). Sometimes this snake nests communally.
Barcode data: Coluber constrictor
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 2 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
GCCGGCACAGGATGAACCGTTTACCCCCCCCTATCAGGAAATTTAGTCCACTCTGGACCATCAGTAGACCTAGCAATTTTCTCGCTACACCTAGCAGGCGCTTCGTCCATCCTGGGAGCAATCAACTTCATTACAACATGCATCAACATAAAACCAAAATCCATACCAATATTCAATATCCCACTATTCGTCTGATCTGTACTAATTACCGCCATTATACTTCTACTAGCCCTACCAGTACTAGCAGCAGCAATTACAATACTATTAACAGACCGAAATATTAACACCTCATTCTTCGACCCCTGTGGAGGAGGGGACCCCGTACTATTTCAACACCTATTCTGATTCTTTGGTCACCCAGAAGTATATATCCTAATCCTACCAGGATTTGGTATCGTGTCAAGTATTATCACATTCTATACAGGAAAAAAGAACACATTTGGATACACAAGCATAATCTGAGCAATAATATCTATTGCTATCCTTGGGTTCGTTGTATGAGCCCACCAC
-- end --
Download FASTA File
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Coluber constrictor
Rounded National Status Rank: N3 - Vulnerable
This species is still abundant in some places. A few states (Maine and Louisiana) and the Canadian province of Ontario give it some legal protection because it is rare there. It is becoming more uncommon in Michigan.
Chemical pesticides harm young racers. All racers have problems when their habitat is destroyed to build farms, houses, and other buildings. Then they have few places to hide, little to eat, and people who find them often kill them, even though they are harmless.
State of Michigan List: no special status
Hammerson, G.A.
Cox, N., Chanson, J.S. & Stuart, S.N. (Global Reptile Assessment Coordinating Team)
Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, tolerance of a broad range of habitats, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.
This species is still abundant in some places. A few states (Maine and Louisiana) and the Canadian province of Ontario give it legal protection because it is rare there.
Pesticide residue poses a danger to insectivorous young racers. The dangers faced by adults include their habitat reduction because of agriculture and suburban/urban development along with direct killing of snakes by people (Harding, 1997).
Intrinsic Vulnerability: Moderately vulnerable
This species is represented by a very large number of occurrences or subpopulations (at least several hundred). The total adult population size is unknown but probably exceeds 1,000,000. This snake is common in most of its very large range in the United States but appears to be rare at the southern extent of the range in southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize (Lee 2000). The extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, number of subpopulations, and population size are very large and probably relatively stable.
Global Short Term Trend: Relatively stable (=10% change)
Comments: Extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, number of subpopulations, and population size are very large and probably relatively stable.
Global Long Term Trend: Increase of 10-25% to decline of 30%
Degree of Threat: Low
Comments: No major threats have been identified. Historically, some populations undoubtedly experienced significant declines, particularly in major agricultural regions of intensive cultivation. Remaining populations are extensive and not threatened in most areas.
No major threats have been identified. Historically, some populations undoubtedly experienced significant declines, particularly in major agricultural regions of intensive cultivation. Remaining populations are extensive and not threatened in most areas.
Many occurrences are in national parks and other protected areas.
Global Protection: Very many (>40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed
Comments: Many occurrences are in national parks and other protected areas.
Racers have no known neagtive impact on humans. If handled or harassed, they may bite, but will not deliberately confront a human.
Negative Impacts: injures humans (bites or stings)
Racers are beneficial to humans in that they destroy rodent and insect pests (Harding, 1997).
Positive Impacts: controls pest population
Eastern Racer - Racer - couleuvre agile
Animals, Vertebrates - Reptiles - Snakes
Animalia - Craniata - Reptilia - Squamata - Colubridae - Coluber - (Fitch et al. 1981), but this distinction has been demonstrated to be invalid (Corn and Bury 1986; see also Greene 1984).
Short General Description:
Upper surface of adults varies from black (e.g., northeastern U.S) to plain brown or olive (most of western and central U.S.), with a spattering of white, yellowish, buff, or pale blue in some parts of the south-central United States; upper scales smooth (unkeeled); belly black (e.g., northeastern U.S.) to plain yellow or cream (western and central U.S.); eyes large; anal scale divided; nostril bordered by two separate scales; usually 15 dorsal scale rows just anterior to the vent; lower preocular scale (lowermost scale in front of the eye) wedged between upper lip scales. Total length up to around 190 cm in the northeastern U.S., much smaller (usually less than 90 cm) in the west. Hatchling: upper surface with numerous brown blotches on a paler background; eyes relatively huge. Source: Hammerson (1999).
Habitat Type Description:
false - true - false - Migrates up to at least 1.8 km between winter hibernaculum and summer range in Utah (Brown and Parker 1976), up to at least 2.3 km (average at least 848 m) in Michigan (Rosen 1991).
Diet typically includes small mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and large insects.
Phenologies:
NatureServe Conservation Status:
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H - >2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles) - H - The range extends from southern British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, Wisconsin, Michigan, southern Ontario, New York, and southern Maine southward in the United States to southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, the Gulf Coast, and southern Florida, and southward through northeastern, central, and southern Mexico to Guatemala and Belize (Wilson 1978, Lee 2000, Ernst and Ernst 2003, Stebbins 2003). A record for Durango, Mexico, evidently is erroneous (Webb 2001). Elevational range extends from sea level to about 2,550 meters (8,300 feet).
>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)


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During the post-recession recovery period from 2012 forward, all furniture and home furnishings distribution channels grew in sales, despite store closings, with the exception of electronics and appliance stores and department stores, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau.
Serta Simmons Bedding, LLC (SSB) has announced the appointment of Derek Miller as chief sales officer. Miller reports to CEO Michael Traub.
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Rug producer Feizy introduced additions to its top selling collections, debuted Fine and Lifestyle groupings, and handpicked one-of-a kinds (OAKS) from its Feizy library at the Spring High Point Market.
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text:
Die Scottish Football League Second Division wurde 1998/99 zum 24. Mal nach Einführung der Premier League als dritthöchste schottische Liga ausgetragen. Zudem war es die vierundzwanzigste Austragung als dritthöchste Fußball-Spielklasse der Herren in Schottland unter dem Namen Second Division. In der Saison 1998/99 traten 10 Vereine in insgesamt 36 Spieltagen gegeneinander an. Jedes Team spielte jeweils viermal gegen jedes andere Team. Bei Punktgleichheit zählte die Tordifferenz.

Die Meisterschaft gewann der FC Livingston, der sich damit gleichzeitig die Teilnahme an der First Division-Saison 1999/2000 sicherte. Neben Livingston stieg auch der Zweitplatzierte, Inverness Caledonian Thistle auf. Absteigen in die Third Division mussten der FC East Fife und Forfar Athletic. Torschützenkönig mit 21 Treffern wurde Alex Bone von Stirling Albion.

Statistiken

Abschlusstabelle

Platzierungskriterien: 1. Punkte – 2. Tordifferenz – 3. geschossene Tore – 4. Direkter Vergleich (Punkte, Tordifferenz, geschossene Tore)

Weblinks
 Scottish Second Division 1998/99 bei statto.com
 Scottish Second Division 1998/99 in der Datenbank der Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
 League Tables bei spfl.co.uk

Einzelnachweise

Fußballsaison 1998/99
1998 99

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Claire Foy: "Wine must be drunk with the people you love!"
Her performance as Queen Elizabeth II in the series "The Crown" has made her a star. There is no denying that the British actress is majestic! As she awaits her next crowning moment in the media and dramatic arts, this delightful 'commoner' talks to us... about wine!
If I were to raise a toast to anyone, it would be to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. She is a courageous, valiant queen, full of rectitude and dignity. The English are very attached to the monarchy. It is a part of our daily lives, part of our background. It sets the tempo for our lives and we have all grown up with it. Overnight, this vulnerable young woman found herself on the throne. She was not prepared for the position and had to overcome both the death of her beloved father and don the ultimate mantle without ever failing. The pressure must have been terrifying! Basically, like the Queen, I feel more comfortable in the countryside than in London. Wearing a dress with a train, a tiara, a crown, necklaces and bracelets is definitely not my thing! I grew up in a family with a lot of cousins, aunts, and endless family branches. I was born in Manchester but spent most of my early years in a small village in Buckinghamshire.
On Sundays, after church, I have memories of family meals that lasted all afternoon. Everyone would bring a dish and some good bottles of wine. We couldn't afford exceptional wines, but it's fair to say that the wine we were drinking was decent. I think the most important thing is to drink an average wine with people you love rather than the other way around. It is the quality of the people around you that makes it easier for a wine to just slip down! (laughs) And quite honestly, it must be incredibly sad to drink a great wine alone, at home, in front of the fire!
Interview by Frank Rousseau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Except if you have had your head in the sand of late you will have known about VOIP. Everybody is by all accounts discussing VOIP, yet you can be pardoned for likely not thinking a lot about it. VOIP represents Voice over Internet Protocol and in the event that you trust the media publicity this new telephone administration is going to alter the broadcast communications showcase. Likewise with a ton of new mechanical improvements there are a couple of foundations for worries that you most likely would not hear the promoting efforts talk about.
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Presently we would prefer not to put you off setting up a VOIP administration, yet we figure you should know two or three things before you do. Clearly ease phone calls is an appealing offer, yet there are downsides to VOIP. One a noteworthy issue you should know about is that a VOIP administration expects you to have a power supply, as it requires your PC to be on. This implies should your power be out you would not most likely utilize your telephone. In certain conditions this could simply be a minor bother; however in a crisis circumstance enterprise session border controllers (e-sbcs) might be considerably more genuine. In overwhelming tempests and cataclysmic events power control is regularly lost first. Okay truly need to be without a telephone? Should your PC choose to quit working for reasons unknown, you will be left without a telephone? PCs are inclined to slamming and should this occur, you would not almost certainly make any telephone calls. A worry of an alternate issue is one of security. Since your telephone calls will be transported as information by means of the Internet, you will open up the likelihood of having your telephone framework hacked into. An unnerving idea, particularly for business clients.
Oh, what an uninteresting world, it will be without having the job of an interior designer, correct? Some more intelligent people have already stated it – planet earth without "art" would be just "eh" and are generally totally correct! Considering the fact that interior developers are correct performers, they only make their craft on a greater fabric together with different kinds of materials; we can easily undoubtedly claim that our each day day-to-day lives would be absolutely black and white without having the colorful, textured and inspiring craft in the interior design specialists. Of course, there exists a designer hiding in every one of us, some are more accomplished than the others, but professionals are those that have created their ability completely, that are why we must have them.
Developments are changing at all times and though changing the interior design of your home is just not a thing within your budget with each and every seasonal cross over, or with each and every new and thrilling trend popping out on the planet, a little bit of an improvement and update every so often is quite a bit essential! This is in which pros will help you a great deal!
In terms of things like fashion, attractiveness, beauty and personal flavor, it is quite tough to think about who is really gifted and who is not, who can provide you with the most. Sadly, interior design services will not can come affordable and you must be very specific about what you want and require as well as really smart in making an alternative. Locating a dependable expert usually needs time and much study.
Are you positive that you completely fully grasp their job? The principle aim of the interior designer would be to increase the surroundings where people are living, function, relax or captivate, in line with the personalized choices in the consumer, the present developments and also precisely what is recognized as looks in general. A highly-developed space is not merely a lovely-seeking one; additionally it is an appropriate, functional and properly-utilized. Makers will be the people who are qualified and learn how to answer the mental and actual physical requirements and wants of folks; they are certainly not basically making something that is stunning and efficient. An interior designer's work is always to create the very best design and organization of your given space.
Do what you will usually do – start off your research by seeking suggestion from buddies, loved ones, peers, neighborhood friends. If someone got an interior design service transported to their position recently, here is the best chance that you should verify the method that you discover the job carried out, this is better yet than getting a look at a collection. Still, examining the maximum amount of portfolios since you can is definitely an incredible opportunity to get informed about the fashion and function dynamic of a few professionals, because their jobs are very aesthetic. A great idea for researching creative designers on the internet is to take a look at agencies and divisions for example united kingdom Institution of thiet ke tiem nail. Once you eventually establish with a few developers with plenty of expertise and good customer feedback, after that factor you are doing is to speak to them and discover if they can assist you to for the undertaking as well as whenever you can afford to pay them. When you are on a budget, a specialist designer will invariably permit you to pick which services you would like them to supply to suit your needs and which can be not necessarily vital for any project and that is certainly an amazing option so that you can select your personal budget for the project.
Having clean tiles is critical in the event that you need to keep up its excellence just as keeping them in great condition. The issue some of the time is that tile cleaning can be to some degree costly as you would need to buy tile cleaning items and for some notwithstanding enlisting the administrations of expert tile cleaners. For those on a tight spending plan, cleaning your tiles might be somewhat of a monetary weight and some may even simply choose not to clean it that carefully.
In the event that you are confronting this difficulty, worry not. There are successful ways for you to have the capacity to clean your tile with the goal that it will not hurt your wallet to such an extent. In the event that you are searching for straightforward tips to complete this, read the counsel recorded beneath and discover how you can clean your tiles even on a financial plan.
Vacuum it frequently – Tiles can end up filthy and result in staining in view of the development of residue and earth after some time. One approach to battle this without spending much is by utilizing your vacuum cleaner and vacuuming it as often as possible. This will help evacuate the residue, earth and other undesirable particles on your tiles just as keep the development from happening to save its appearance and neatness.
Vinegar as a Cleaning Agent – For those agonizing over spending a ton of cash on tile cleaning items, utilizing vinegar can be a shoddy elective that you can utilize and still get great outcomes. Vinegar not just functions admirably in the kitchen, it has for quite some time been utilized as a cleaning operator for taking off stains on shirts and textures. Making a clearing arrangement out of Sydney tile cleaning. Be cautious however not to utilize vinegar on characteristic stone ground surface as it can harm it. For different sorts of tiles, vinegar can be an incredible and successful option in contrast to business tile cleaning items.
Using Water to Clean Your Tiles – Yes, you do not generally need to utilize a business tile cleaning arrangement so as to clean your tiles. At times, water would already be able to be powerful in doing this errand. Water is common, eco-accommodating just as spending plan amicable, which is the reason it is a choice that you should attempt. Water functions admirably in evacuating the residue and soil on your tiles and can help kill stains. A container of water and a perfect mop can do ponders and will clean your tiles fine and dandy without costing you a great deal of cash. Having clean tiles does not imply that you have to spend a great deal of cash. Utilize the straightforward cost sparing tips above and you will most likely have clean tiles regardless of whether you are on a tight spending plan.
The modern conservatory is practically unrecognizable from the initial versions, both in regards to appearance and also the quality of the framework itself. Throughout the years, advancements in building and construction and advanced techniques of dealing with glass have resulted in vast enhancements when it concerns the convenience and also the resilience of a conservatory. It was frequently the instance that the very early wave of sunrooms can be fairly awkward to sit in if the weather condition was specifically warm. At the peak of summer season individuals could really feel as well warm, and the stodginess could at times really feel overwhelming.
This was because of the reality that the glass was not treated the sunlight's rays were multiplied due to the fact that they were beaming down on simple panes. On the other hand, the modern conservatory is created to be a pleasantly amazing location to rest when the sun depresses and replace conservatory with extension for your lovable person. This is possible because the glass or polycarbonate that forms the walls and roof is currently dealt with ahead of time in order to combat warm. It means that about 80 percent of the incoming warmth is blocked prior to it also gets into the conservatory. The new glass and polycarbonate additionally stops the sun from producing the 'glow' that made use of to hinder people from using their sunrooms on the sunniest of days.
This does not imply that issue has been changed by an additional though modern conservatories are not too chilly to sit in during the winter months. The treated glass and polycarbonate now made use of by trustworthy companies are also insulators capable of blocking to 80 per cent of expected warmth loss. Among the other major benefits of the modern conservatory is the protective material that coats its roof. This therapy will certainly obstruct 99 per cent of the UV rays that are accountable for the early fading of furniture textile. The modern conservatory benefits from higher quality fixtures.
And installations as well they no more require regular repair service or replacement because they have actually been made to last. For all the enhancements in conservatory design, one point stays the exact same sunrooms still maximize all natural light. With wall surfaces and also a roof that are constructed from glass or polycarbonate, you can delay changing on the electrical lights for that little much longer in the winter season nights. In the summer season, you can simply throw open the windows and doors to maximize the fresh air as you sanctuary from the night's colder bright.


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Characterizing cloud cover and satellite revisit with cloud masks in North West England
DOI 10.3846/20296991.2012.679803
Submitted: Aug 14, 2018
Ebenezer Yemi Ogunbadewa Affiliation
Ebenezer Yemi Ogunbadewa Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba Ondo-State, Nigeria
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2012.679803
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The aim of this study is to determine the availability of cloud-free images in relation to satellite revisit periods for the UK and in particular for the North West of England. Cloud cover was analysed with cloud masks from AVHRR/APOLLO and TERRA/MODIS cloud products. Availability of cloud-free images was determined from revisit frequency and the numbers of monthly images from Landsat ETM+, ASTER, Quickbird and SPOT satellite sensor series. The average number of cloud-free days at Risley Moss and Charter's Moss is five days per month with a minimum of one cloud-free day. The results show that satellite revisit periods and cloud cover are major determinants of satellite data availability and in this study it was also found that contrary to popular opinion, satellite overpass does not necessarily mean imaging opportunity and additional cloud-free images could be obtained when there are no satellite overpasses. The numbers of cloud-free images at a given site may be increased by combining data from different satellite sensors.
Keyword : cloud cover, cloud mask, satellite image, satellite revisit
Ogunbadewa, E. (2012). Characterizing cloud cover and satellite revisit with cloud masks in North West England. Geodesy and Cartography, 38(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2012.679803
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Q: How do I set a highlight colour for text in a UIWebView? Our app uses a lot of custom UITableViewCells.  Most have a few extra UILabels, and in those we can set the highlightTextColor property of the label so that when a user selects the cell, the text changes to white.
However, some of them require extra formatting, so we use UIWebViews with HTML contents; the text colour is set by the CSS embedded in the HTML.  When the cell is selected, the text stays whatever colour is set in the CSS.
Is it possible to set a highlight colour for the text in the UIWebView?  If so, how - is there a special CSS selector?  I tried -webkit-tap-highlight-color but it had no effect.

A: As it appears, you can't. The -webkit-tap-highlight-color selector is used when you tap (or even tap and hold) over a link. However, the selection feature is native for iOS, and there isn't any known way to override its settings, be the highlight color or anything else.
You could try the ::selection selector, but I have had no success at all. In regular browsers it works like this:
p.normal::selection {
    background:#cc0000;
    color:#fff;
}

p.moz::-moz-selection {
    background:#cc0000;
    color:#fff;
}

p.webkit::-webkit-selection {
    background:#cc0000;
    color:#fff;
}

However, in mobile webkit it has no effect.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
HMS Magnolia (T 31)
MS Trawler
Navy The Royal Navy
Type MS Trawler
Class [No specific class]
Pennant T 31
Built by Cochrane & Sons Shipbuilders Ltd. (Selby, U.K.)
Laid down
Launched 15 Mar 1930
Commissioned 15 Jun 1939
End service
Completed in April 1930.
Taken over by the Admiralty in November 1935.
Displacement: 367 tons.
Armament: 1 4" gun.
Sold in January 1948.
Renamed Oranjezicht in 1948.
Scrapped at Capetown, South-Africa on 16 August 1965.
Commands listed for HMS Magnolia (T 31)
Please note that we're still working on this section
and that we only list Commanding Officers for the duration of the Second World War.
Commander From To
1 Lt.Cdr. (retired) William Henry Harris, RN 14 Jul 1939 7 Dec 1939
2 Lt. (retired) William Marks, RN 7 Dec 1939 11 Mar 1940
3 Lt. William Henry Calveley, RN 11 Mar 1940 18 Dec 1940
4 T/Lt. John Farbridge Foggitt, RNVR 18 Dec 1940 2 Nov 1941
5 T/Lt. J Barron, RNVR 2 Nov 1941 8 Nov 1941
6 T/Lt. Thomas Arnold Steele Drake, RNVR 8 Nov 1941 14 Mar 1942
7 Lt. Francis Reginald Bruce Moss, RANVR 14 Mar 1942 22 Jun 1942
8 T/Lt. John Stanley Dawe, RNVR 22 Jun 1942 7 Sep 1942
9 T/Lt. Stanley Reginald Brown, RNVR 7 Sep 1942 Nov 1944
10 T/Lt. Ronald Adamson, RNVR Nov 1944 2 Jun 1945
11 T/Lt Herbert Assheton Craven-Smith-Milnes, RANVR 2 Jun 1945 late 1945
You can help improve our commands section
Click here to Submit events/comments/updates for this vessel.
Please use this if you spot mistakes or want to improve this ships page.
Notable events involving Magnolia include:
HMS Stoic (Lt. P.B. Marriott, DSO, RN) departed Trincomalee for her 3rd war patrol (2nd in the Far East). She was ordered to patrol in the Malacca Straits and to the North of Sumatra. She was also to conduct a special operation. She was escorted out by HMS Magnolia (T/Lt. S.R. Brown, RNVR).
No logs are available for this period so no map can be displayed. (1)
HMS Sea Rover (Lt. J.P. Angell, RN) ended her 4th war patrol (3rd in the Far East) at Trincomalee. She was to be escorted in by HMS Magnolia (T/Lt. S.R. Brown, RNVR) but no contact could be made with this escort. Sea Rover then proceeded to Trincomlaee independently. (2)
HMS Strongbow (Lt. J.A.R. Troup, DSC, RN) departed Trincomalee for her 6th war patrol (5th in the Far East). She was ordered to perform a weather reporting patrol in the Bay of Bengal and just South of the Bay of Bengal. Before proceeding on patrol exercises were carried out with HMS Magnolia (T/Lt. R. Adamson, RNVR).
Capt. S.2, of the Submarine Flotilla Strongbow was a member of, considered her fit for operations after her repairs. The Admiralty however decided otherwise. Strongbow was sent on a weather reporting mission before proceeding back to the U.K. for refit. In fact the refit would never materialise and she was sold for scrap after the war. (3)
HMS Sibyl (Lt. H.R. Murray, RN) conducted exercises off Trincomalee. The included a practice attack on HMS Magnolia (T/Lt. R. Adamson, RNVR). (4)
ADM 199/1869
ADM 173/19750
ADM numbers indicate documents at the British National Archives at Kew, London.


After wondering around I went to watch the Whooper Swans for a bit, not as many as last time I was there in the beginning of December last year, but a lot are still around along with Pink-footed Geese, Coots (as always), Lapwing, ducks - Mallard and a lot of Shelduck!
and when walking back to the car I spotted this little Robin - nice end to the day!
I really like it at Martin Mere. It's amazing when the bigger flocks fly in with all their noise. From Findlay.
Yeah same here, especially the Whooper Swans at the moment. I spent about an hour or two just watching and listening to them.
Lovely photographs. Never been to Martin mere is that where they have a reed bed kayaking experience?.
Thanks! They have something called 'Canoe Safari', not open all year round though.


BOCA RATON, FL – The 10th-ranked Clemson women's tennis team defeated the Columbia Lions, 7-0, on Tuesday night at the USTA Training center in Boca Raton, FL. The Tigers improve to 14-3 on the season, while Columbia falls to 6-7 in 2010.
The Tigers will now be off from competition until March 27 and 28 when they play host to NC State and Wake Forest at the Hoke Sloan Tennis Center.
Clemson overpowered the Lions for most of the match, using its depth to claw for the win. The Tigers swept the doubles point, with Estefania Balda and Laurianne Henry winning at flight three, 8-1, over Christensen and Matache. The 17th-ranked duo of Ina Hadziselimovic won, 8-2 at flight one, to clinch the point. The Freshman tandem of Caroline Magnusson put together an 8-3 win at flight two as well.
Magnusson then won her first career singles dual match at flight six, taking out Natalia Christensen 6-1, 6-0. Nelly Ciolkowski, ranked 73rd nationally, won at flight three over Eliza Matache, 6-0, 6-3 to move to 21-4 on the season.
No. 22 Estefania Balda closed out the match with a 7-5, 6-0 win.
The Tigers will be back in action on March 27 as the play host to NC State. Clemson is off to a 2-1 start in the league.


The best way to understand your new home is to see it.
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Home » Is Your Online Therapy Safe?
Is Your Online Therapy Safe?
Asian Scientist Magazine (8 Nov 2022) — Mental Health consultations are just one of the many aspects of our lives, including remote work and fitness classes, that have been heavily digitized since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapists and clinical psychiatrists are increasingly using apps or video conferencing platforms like Zoom and even WhatsApp to conduct remote consultations and therapy sessions with clients looking for support in a safe space. Widespread use of such platforms has made it possible for people to easily seek mental health care online.
"There are more people who are interested in having online sessions because it is easier for them," said Mimie Rahman, a counselor based in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Asian Scientist Magazine.
Lower costs compared to in-person sessions combined with the ability to have the sessions anytime and anywhere is a major factor behind this increased demand for online teletherapy.
"In a month, I usually see about 20-30 customers. About 60 percent of them are online. Only 40 percent are face-to-face," Mimie said.
She also noted a significant increase in the number of clients since the start of her practice in 2021 during the height of Malaysia's third wave of COVID-19. At one point, she received almost a hundred customer requests in a month. However, as the popularity of online counseling increases, there is a growing concern about data privacy and patient safety. Zoom had previously come under fire for its poor end-to-end encryption in 2020, leading to situations where meetings were hijacked by malicious users playing or sending shocking material as a prank. User emails and passwords were also leaked.
Data security and protection is extremely important in the healthcare sector and particularly for mental health services. A client's family history, medical records, and in some cases intimate details of their trauma and self-harm are important information a therapist needs to understand and help their client manage their mental well-being. Sharing this information involves a tremendous level of trust, which is integral to a mutually beneficial outcome for the client and the therapist.
With this in mind, institutions such as the American Psychological Association (APA) have updated their Code of Ethics to include guidelines for psychologists and therapists in selecting and using appropriate digital platforms to ensure patient confidentiality and data protection. In a section outlining data and information privacy, the APA suggests consulting with technology experts before beginning online teletherapy sessions to establish and apply safeguards, along with suggested criteria for finding applications or methods that ensure a minimal chance of breakup.
In Malaysia, however, the absence of clear guidelines leaves mental health providers themselves to figure out the rules and regulations needed to protect patient data during teletherapy sessions. For mental health workers like Mimie, it has been a complicated situation to navigate. According to her, the situation has become confusing due to the lack of clear communication from Malaysia's Ministry of Health regarding any updates to telemedicine guidelines in the country. Asian Scientist Magazine contacted the ministry seeking an interview to understand its plans to make online mental health services safer, but received no response.
The doctor will see you online
Telehealth care has been around since the 1920s. Doctors and specialists sent clinical information to each other using telephone lines and radio. Closed-circuit television and eventually videoconferencing technology in the 1970s led to the development of remote health care monitoring and delivery to rural patients. With today's technology, doctors and patients can contact each other through a simple swipe of a smartphone.
In Malaysia, the Telemedicine Act has been in place since 1997 as part of the country's national plan to strengthen the delivery of health services in the public sector through telecommunications and information technology. However, the law itself has not been updated since then, with many of the clauses reflecting an old understanding of the technology available at the time. The law is a short, three-page document that describes how the patient's consent must be obtained and how physical files and images must be stored securely by doctors and nurses. The law does not specifically address mental health professionals such as therapists and clinical psychologists, nor does it describe how to protect sensitive patient data using digital communication services, including video conferencing apps.
In a paper published in 2020 reviewing telemedicine guidelines in Southeast Asia, lead author Dr. Intan Sabrina Mohammad that a majority of guidelines in the region, including Malaysia, do not directly govern the technology or platforms used for telemedicine or telehealth care. Intan is a rehabilitation doctor at Hospital Rehabilitasi Cheras in Kuala Lumpur. In mid-2020, Malaysia's Ministry of Health published a 'virtual clinic' guideline for doctors to conduct consultations, make diagnoses and perform preventive treatment using video conferencing apps remotely. However, the guideline did not provide clear examples of video conferencing platforms that were approved, nor did it provide explicit instructions on how best to handle patient data. And again, the document did not include therapists, clinical psychologists and other health workers.
Convenience over privacy
Fiqa Abdul Fata, a wellness coach and clinical psychologist conducted physical hospital rotations in the northern peninsular state of Perak and the east coast peninsular state of Kelantan from the beginning of the pandemic until September 2021. According to her, there were no concrete guidelines set by the psychiatric ward she was placed in regarding suitable platforms for conducting online teletherapy sessions.
"For video sessions, I would say there was no specific guideline, to be honest. We went into it blindly," Fiqa shared Asian Scientist Magazine.
Patients under her care would sometimes struggle to use video conferencing apps like Zoom due to poor internet connectivity or a lack of understanding of how such platforms worked. Cycling through different platforms and apps in the hope that something would stick, they finally settled on an app that was "most convenient for the patient to use." When Mimie began her training, she also chose to use the most convenient app or platform for her online sessions. But apps that are easy to use may not always be the most secure.
Now Mimie uses dedicated teletherapy apps approved by the health centers where she works. After using these platforms with end-to-end encryption to conduct her therapy sessions, Mimie said she is more aware of the risks associated with public apps and unsecured platforms.
Mimie and Fiqa hope Malaysia's Ministry of Health will look at providing clearer guidelines for virtual health clinics that emphasize safety for both patients and service providers. Protection of patient data is essential for trust to develop between a patient and the healthcare staff. Without trust, mental health practitioners cannot help the patient navigate their way in learning about and managing their mental health.
This article was first published in the print version of Asian Scientist Magazine, July 2022.
Click here to subscribe to Asian Scientist Magazine in print.
Copyright: Asian Scientist Magazine. Illustration: Ajun Chuah / Asian Scientist Magazine
#Online, Safe, Therapy
Apple Violated U.S. Labor Laws With Anti-Leak Email


text:
London West End Theatre Tickets
For London West End Theatres & London Attractions | 020 7492 1602
West End Theatres
West End Seating Plans
In Profile with cast
Interview with Nicola Brazil Mary Delgado in Jersey Boys
November 27, 2015 March 21, 2012 by Neil Cheesman
At the time of the interview Nicola Brazil is performing as Mary Delgado in Jersey Boys at the Prince Edward Theatre, of which she says:
"I am exceptionally excited to be playing Mary Delgado as I haven't played a role as gritty and tragic as this before."
Nicola started singing at the age of four and during her school years performed as Tallulah in Bugsy Malone and Nancy in Oliver. During her training at Mountview she appeared in many productions and subsequently made her West End debut in Wicked. Since that time Nicola has starred as Sandy in Grease and Amber von Tussle in Hairspray, before joining the cast of All The Fun of The Fair with David Essex. She then joined Legally Blonde as Serena and first cover Elle, and more recently has starred in Aladdin, alongside Gareth Gates and Russell Grant.
As well as being a very talented stage actress, Nicola has also performed on television and has an album to her name.
Nicola took time out from her busy schedule to answer some questions about herself and her career. I am sure that you will enjoy reading what she has to say.
You were born in Leeds, what was it like growing up in Yorkshire?
I had a great time and I still love to go home as often as I can to visit family and friends as most of my family still live in the North.
When did you or someone else discover that you had a talent for singing or acting?
When I was very young and wanted to get up and sing to an audience at my friend's 4th birthday party. After that no one could shut me up! My sister used to say "make her stop mum!" I've never stopped singing since!
Can you recall any school plays or musicals that were you involved in and what parts you played?
At high school I played Tallulah in Bugsy Malone and then went on to play Nancy in Oliver at High School. Believe it or not, I also played King Herod at a High School Production of Jesus Christ Superstar!
What was it like playing the lead role in the coal mining musical, 'Pit Stop,' that enjoyed a record breaking run at the Leeds Civic Theatre?
From the age of 10 I performed with an Amateur Youth Theatre group in a number of shows. I played the narrator in Pit Stop at the age of 13 and that was my first experience of playing a leading role, not counting playing the title role of Oliver at the age of 10.
What are your favourite memories of your time training at Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts?
A lot of the memories are because of the good friends you make, but a highlight of the training for me was our final showcase of Elegies for Angels, Punks and Raging Queens. I played a number of different characters within the piece and I sang some beautiful songs. It was a very moving time because we all realised that this would be the final time that we would all sing and perform together. I made some very close friends during the course.
When did you make your professional stage debut?
In musical theatre my professional stage debut was in Wicked which I thoroughly enjoyed. Prior to this, I toured as support artist for Don Williams on his UK tour, where I received the Touring Artist of the Year Award. I also then went on to support a number of American Country Artists and it was a great experience to sing on stage with a live band every evening.
You made your West End debut in Wicked at the Apollo Victoria Theatre. What can you remember about your first night?
I felt huge excitement at my West End debut. I never realised the amount of dancing involved in Wicked. It was a really challenging rehearsal period and I wanted to make sure that all went well and I didn't let my dance partners down. I loved it!!
You performed the role of Sandy in the popular musical Grease at the Piccadilly Theatre. How would you describe your time performing this role?
This was a very exciting period of my career as it was only my second West End job and I jumped straight from ensemble to leading lady. I felt hugely privileged and wanted to ensure that I delivered the goods. Sandy is a fun character to play because you play sweet Sandy and sexy Sandy, so it never got boring. I have to say I did like playing sexy Sandy more!! Ha ha!
In 2009 you played the part of Amber von Tussle in Hairspray The Musical at the Shaftesbury Theatre. What was it like performing as the baddie?
It was exhausting! I never realised how tiring it was to be so horrible all the time! Luckily, myself, Chloe Hart and Verity Rushworth were really good friends so there were some lighter moments back stage! We definitely kept the fighting to onstage and have remained very good friends.
Early in 2010 you joined the cast of All of The Fun of The Fair starring alongside David Essex. What was it like performing in this fun show?
I loved working alongside David Essex, Christopher Timothy and the rest of the talented cast. I loved the music from the show and really enjoyed being part of the company. Driving a dodgem every night was great fun!!
In 2010 you joined Legally Blonde The Musical at the Savoy Theatre, as Serena and first cover Elle. What did you enjoy most about being part of this musical?
Legally Blonde is one of my all time favourite musicals. I was honoured to be part of the company and getting to play two very different characters within the piece was a challenge but thoroughly enjoyable! Elle Woods goes on an amazing journey, yet Serena gets to bust out the Bend and Snap!
During the Christmas Panto season in 2011/2012 you performed as Princess Jasmine in the pantomime Aladdin, alongside Russell Grant and Gareth Gates. Okay, spill the beans! Tell us about this fun show.
Panto is always great. The audience is up for a good time and there is never a bad audience as everyone is out to enjoy themselves. It was hilarious working alongside all the cast and I made lots of friends. We partied a lot off-stage and definitely got in the festive spirit.
As well as Aladdin you have also appeared in the title role of Cinderella. What is it that you like most about pantomimes?
Almost answered in the previous question, but the shows are funny and there is never a dull moment on and off stage.
You are performing as Mary Delgado in Jersey Boys. What emotions are you going through being at the start of a new role?
It is always scary going in to a new show as you want to do your best to impress the people who have employed you, as you would in any new job. I am exceptionally excited to be playing Mary Delgado as I haven't played a role as gritty and tragic as this before.
What is your favourite song in the show?
I like Beggin You, it's a brilliant song.
Are you able to put any of your own personality into the role of Mary Delgado?
In every job you do, you have your own ideas and your own interpretation of how the role is played. You have to be able to take direction and understand the purpose of what you are trying to get out of the scene, but you are always encouraged to add your personality and own dimension to the role, which every actress enjoys. No two people will play the same role in the same way and that's why I love live theatre and working in different shows with different actors.
As well as being a successful stage actress you have also appeared on television in ITV's Wire in the Blood and Fran in Children's Ward. How does acting for television compare to the stage and which do you prefer?
I love acting in any capacity. TV is very different to theatre, as with TV recording there is room for mistakes as you can do the take again. In theatre you only get one shot to get it right on the night, so I like the adrenalin of live theatre. I would love to do more TV as I find the whole filming process very interesting.
You are also a recording artist with your debut album Cross the Battleline (2000) in Nashville winning you the HMV Rising Star Award as well as being named Touring Artist of the Year. What style of music is on the album (and where can it be bought/downloaded)?
It's a country album as my passion is country music and I love the song lyrics. If anyone is interested in the album, please contact me via my website.
What was it like being in Nashville?
Nashville was a whirlwind experience as I was only 17 and visited in my school half-term. Gail Davies produced the album and it was interesting to see how the Nashville session circuit worked.
Including the shows mentioned previously, you have also appeared in Billy Liar, Whistle Down the Wind, Jesus Christ Superstar, Oliver, and Joseph And His Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. Is there one moment in your career so far that stands out as being the most enjoyable – or a defining moment when you thought, yes I have made it?
I appeared in the shows you have just mentioned when I was young and a member of St Mary's Youth Theatre. Performing is something I've always known that I wanted to do since being a very young girl. I treat every job I do as a new learning experience because with acting and performing there are no strict rules, it's a lot about instinct and gaining experience. In this profession, I would never dream of thinking I have made it. I am just extremely grateful that I am able to use my talents in a professional capacity and appreciate that I am very lucky to be working as there are an awful lot of very talented people out there who are out of work.
Shania Twain is one of your favourite singers, which is your favourite Shania Twain song?
I don't have one particular favourite, I'm influenced by a lot of different styles of music.
Away from the stage, what do you like to do to chill out?
I love visiting family and friends. I have two young nieces, Ava and Harriet, so I like to go home to Yorkshire as often as possible to see them and look after them with my sister.
What message would you like to give to your supporters?
Thank you so much for taking an interest in my career and I hope you continue to enjoy watching my performances and supporting theatre in general as it's always been my passion.
Many thanks Nicola for a fabulous interview and best wishes for Jersey Boys!
You can follow Nicola on Twitter at @Nicola_Brazil and visit her website at www.nicolabrazil.com
Interviewed by Neil who you can follow on Twitter @LondonTheatre1
Updated 27th November 2015
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NON-FICTION: HEALTHCARE BEYOND CLICHÉS
Muhammad Ismail KhanAugust 04, 2019
Debates on health issues in Pakistan often revolve around a single-point agenda that focuses mostly on the callousness of doctors. Turn on any television channel, or go through any newspaper, and you will learn of the medical fraternity's recklessness with their jobs. Incidents vary, from how a wrongly prescribed injection proved fatal for the patient, to how patients flounder for help as doctors shut down hospitals in demand of a pay raise or humane working hours.
The same is true for representatives of political parties who talk at length about healthcare reforms, but when asked to spell it out, the reforms are mostly about providing free or economical healthcare. At the core of this issue is the fact that patients cannot afford their medical bills, and that's a fair argument to go with.
And that's our bit of obsession with fixing the healthcare issue. Laypeople cannot be accused for this poor understanding of the problem. This arises from their grappling with healthcare, which is mostly limited to their consultations with physicians. The exorbitant prices of medicines are also blamed on the doctors under the blanket term of 'colluding' with pharmaceutical manufacturers. Thus, the healthcare issue for most people in Pakistan is, simply put, an issue of poor doctor-patient relations.
A public health specialist urges us to look beyond doctor-patient relationships and at the policymakers
For many such people, reading Dr Arif Azad's book, Patient Pakistan: Reforming and Fixing Health Care for All in the 21st Century, may help in understanding that the doctor is merely a small piece in a larger jigsaw puzzle.
The key players that Dr Azad would like us to focus on are health officials or administrators, who may be far away from hospitals but who still chart the rules and policies that affect the working hours of the medical community, the prices of medicines, and so on. Then, there are the pharmaceutical companies eager to sell their wares. Our view of them is myopic, that they operate only with the aim of profiteering with no regard for human bodies. But any objection on them can be addressed through drug regulatory bodies — another piece in the puzzle and one about which we hear very little.
Non-governmental organisations have a role to play, too; while they have been providing medical services, there is less input from them on the policy side, as compared with, say, NGOs involved in education. Even international donors cannot be ruled out; they may be zealous in their support, but may have differing priorities. The media is a great, but underused, platform to raise awareness. And most importantly, it is the people or patients who — as Dr Azad says — need to review their own dietary habits. Many other actors are there as well, and almost all of them are beyond the control of doctors.
Each of these actors has a role to play. Take the case of antibiotics, which Dr Azad says are being overused and abused "almost on an industrial scale." This problem arises as much from the pharmaceutical industry as from the doctors and even the media, and the author believes there has to be a "judicious use of antibiotics through public campaigning."
Dr Azad expects a lot from the government to deliver on healthcare issues. He considers "public" health a "public" responsibility and takes a critical stance against privatisation. He shares his thoughts on properly regulating the medicine industry, gets wary of private-public partnerships and wants to learn from insurance schemes operational in other countries.
Certainly the government has a lot — in fact, the most — to answer for. But why is it not able to convince observers such as Dr Azad?
This, one would argue, has partly to do with each successive government's inability to increase spending on healthcare. Here again, education saw some increase in spending — no matter if it was limited. It's good that, thanks to advocacy campaigns, at least some spending has been increased. Not so for healthcare. Political parties often say they will spend more, but Dr Azad shows that the spending every year changes only very slightly. This is why parties that come into power mostly try to revise rules and regulations or opt for private-partnerships (as had been initiated by the Sindh and Punjab governments).
Many will respond that it is not rocket science to conclude that Pakistan needs more funds for healthcare. The problem is that this is hardly being pursued; one has yet to come across any sustained campaign on this.
Instead of increasing resources, our tack for fixing the healthcare issue is to assume that somehow, the various actors in the system are venal. Fixing the system means disciplining the medical staff for not performing their duty properly, or fining the chemist who charges a higher than listed price, and so on. Making accusations that everyone is corrupt and needs to be disciplined is our pet solution for all key policy matters, including healthcare. One only has to look around to see how popular this mindset has become. But because it is devoid of valid evidence, not to speak of the justification of such solutions, the upshot is the increasing afflictions of people and examples of these abound.
After all, without new resources in health sectors, the actors are so interconnected that the patient is going to suffer at some point or the other. Dr Azad writes that when one international donor tried to club the areas of two doctors in one — increasing the salary of one doctor by assigning him/her more than one health units — it only skewed doctor-patient numbers as the doctor only ended up seeing more than a manageable number of patients.
Also, as with many of our other fields, our approach towards health is curative, not preventive. We treat patients once they have become afflicted with disease, rather than stopping the spread of disease beforehand. Our healthcare system is, almost always, literally in the emergency department.
But this approach is not always inadequate. Individuals and organisations working for healthcare are often involved in distributing medicines or rations to those affected. Surely these noble actions are praiseworthy, too. In any case, a donor's own self-satisfaction comes from dispensing aid to someone in dire need.
But at the same time, we need to chart a strategy of how best to allocate resources and energies to the long term responses, too. This has to be done consciously. Other than raising awareness, the government can come up with preventive programmes such as it has against polio. Dr Azad's book essentially shares how we can get out of this 'emergency' mindset.
Although everyone talks about healthcare to the extent of it sounding clichéd, we lack the expertise — at least at the public level — to talk effectively about the issue. Contrast this with education, where newspapers are flooded with commentaries on reforming it and organisations are eager to work on making reforms happen.
Dr Azad himself is one of the few people writing on health and healthcare issues and this book is a compilation of the essays he has published, mostly in Dawn, over the years. After earning his medical degree, Dr Azad went on to specialise in public health. It is laudable that, in his essays, he explains what appear to be complex medical issues in plain, readable language. This, in itself, is his great contribution towards potentially opening the discussion on what ails Pakistan's healthcare system.
The reviewer is a researcher based in Islamabad
Patient Pakistan: Reforming and Fixing Health
Care for All in the 21st Century
By Dr Arif Azad
The Iqbal International Institute for Research
and Dialogue, Islamabad
Published in Dawn, Books & Authors, August 4th, 2019
NON-FICTION: 'FRENEMIES', NOT MASTERS
INTERVIEW: 'WHY NOT DEBATE ISSUES OPENLY?' — SHUJA NAWAZ
FICTION: CELEBRATING SISTERHOOD
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WHERE bilateral efforts to improve relations fail in the Pakistan-India context, multilateral forums can offer a...
In India, a firebrand's anti-Modi mantra resonates at nationwide protests against citizenship bill


A powerful, convenient air compressor that allows for even airbrushing without excess noise.
As part of the Silentaire collection, the Silentaire Sil-Air 100-50 Ultra-Quiet Compressor barely makes any sound, yet provides a powerful machine for use while airbrushing. Excess water is removed from the compressor's tank and hoses by its pressure regulator with built-in filter.The right amount of air flow is smoothly and efficiently regulated thanks to the attached tank pressure valve, pressure gauge, and air filter.
Although the Sil-Air 100-50 hardly sounds like it is even operating, the 2-1/2 horsepower motor, 4.3 CFM free air, and the 13 gallon tank gives the user ample power to complete an airbrushing project. The compressor works using 84-114 PSI of operating pressure that ejects the paint strongly and evenly throughout the job. Weighing 184 pounds, it is sturdy enough not to tip over but light enough to make the machine portable using its convenient built-in carrying handle.
The durable construction allows for years of constant, reliable use on a daily basis. The manufacturer's warranty protects the buyer from mechanical mishaps, giving the buyer confidence when choosing the product. Oversize Shipping: $105.95.


Grails has a good Solr plugin (http://www.grails.org/plugin/solr) that works well and also provides spatial search that works out of the box. However, the documentation to use this feature is a bit skimpy so here are the basic steps to enable spatial search with Solr for your Grails app.
Next, we need to add a Solr index field annotation to the domain members.
The latest Twitter4j 2.1.3 supports xauth but it's not well documented at the moment. However it's really simple to use, check it out!


After sustained ECA representation to Government, this change only applies to private firms with more than 50 employees or a turnover of more than £10 million, in order to protect small businesses from red tape. These medium and large businesses will be responsible for checking contractors' status from 6 April 2020, allowing employers time to prepare.
Andrew Eldred, ECA Director of Employment and Skills, commented: "The decision to reduce co-investment rates for apprenticeships, and apply IR35 changes in the private sector to medium and large employers, show that the Government has taken on board representations from ECA.
Ahead of the Budget, ECA and BESA issued a five-point plan to Chancellor Philip Hammond, including proposals on IR35, technical skills, fair payment, cash retentions and low-carbon investment for buildings and infrastructure.
Must Read >> Is social media an effective recruitment tool for SMEs?


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New project breathes life into old Schuster's Department Store
Posted: 10:59 PM, Mar 26, 2019
By: Tom Durian
The Medical College of Wisconsin and the Greater Milwaukee Foundation are partnering to re-develop the site into a community center and headquarters for the foundation.
The old Schuster's Department Store on Martin Luther King Dr. in Milwaukee will soon see new life.
Former Grand Avenue Mall Begins Transformation
The building currently houses the C.H. Coakley Company, a commercial moving business that has owned the building since 1993. They will retain corporate offices there but move their warehouse contents for the redevelopment.
CEO Mike Coakley says the change will be transformational for the area.
"The Medical College and the Greater Milwaukee Foundation are looking at this area to give it a shot in the arm," he said. "It's actually a game changer when they come to this area, it is going to change everything."
Local business owners are also looking forward to the increased traffic around the area. Gregory Johnson of On the Bayou restaurant says because of the lack of foot traffic, his banquet business is keeping him afloat and this could help his business thrive.
"That would raise our profits through the roof," said Johnson. "Now we have a lot of foot traffic. People going in and out [of] that building on a daily basis. Hundred's of people. Then we can advertise to them, we can probably can do some events over here for them. Some catering over there for them, so this whole area is going to come up."
The redevelopment of the six-story, 470,000 square foot building is expected to take about two years.
Schuster's & Gimbles Department store went out of business in the 1980's.


text:
All Issue Areas Children's Rights (46) Criminal Justice Reform (19) Economic Justice (10) Immigrant Justice (20) LGBTQ Rights (2) News (3)
SPLC sues Louisiana for 'nonexistent' mental health services for Medicaid-eligible children and families
At just 5 years old, C.C. was suspended from school for destroying property and disobeying her teachers.
After another death, will ICE finally atone for its actions?
Roylan Hernandez-Diaz, an asylum-seeker from Cuba, was found dead in his cell on Oct. 16 at Richwood Correctional Center in Louisiana.
Luz Lopez and Laura Rivera
Judge blocks ICE from denying parole to asylum-seekers
A federal judge ordered the Trump administration today to change its blanket policy of locking up people lawfully seeking asylum in the United States as a lawsuit filed by the SPLC and the American Civil Liberties Union of Louisiana makes its way through the federal courts.
Report: Louisiana schools fall short on collecting, publishing policing data
As the presence of law enforcement officers in schools continue to grow in Louisiana and nationally, school policing data is not being made readily available to Louisiana's citizens as required by federal law, according to a report that the Southern Poverty Law Center released today.
SPLC Action Fund: Louisiana criminal justice reform bills a good start, but more work remains
Louisiana Gov. John Bel Edwards signed two bills into law this week that will improve transparency in police activities and save taxpayer money by eliminating lengthy sentences that are not warranted.
Louisiana law will increase transparency in public school discipline and policing
Louisiana Gov. John Bel Edwards signed a bill today that will help ensure schools are transparent in their student disciplinary practices and school policing programs.
Louisiana bills would increase transparency in law enforcement and public schools
The Louisiana Legislature this week passed legislation that will help ensure schools are complying with federal anti-discrimination laws, and, in a separate bill focused on law enforcement agencies, create a task force that will improve collection and reporting of data on basic law enforcement activities.
Following SPLC lawsuit, judge grants New Orleans students the chance to walk on graduation day
A state court in Louisiana issued an injunction today that allowed six high school seniors to participate in graduation ceremonies at their New Orleans charter school after they were banned from doing so following a minor senior prank last month.
J.E. v. Sophie B. Wright Charter School, et al.
On behalf of six students at the Sophie B. Wright Charter School in Orleans Parish, La., the SPLC sought an injunction in state court to halt disciplinary actions resulting from a senior prank. Following a water balloon fight that caused no serious injuries, the students were suspended for five...
SPLC Action Fund: Demand transparency, accountability in Louisiana schools
The Louisiana House Education Committee today voted unanimously in favor of House Bill 160, which would require school districts in the state to collect data on school climate and school discipline.
Victor Jones, SPLC Action Fund senior supervising attorney


Dr Divi is very detailed and explained everything that is going on with you, and she is very thorough.
Everyone in the office was friendly, and Dr. Puttagunta was great. She took the time to really listen to my questions,and I would recommend her without hesitation!
Everyone in the office was friendly, and Dr. Puttagunta was great. She took the time to really listen to my questions, and I would recommend her without hesitation!
Dr. Divi emphasizes the importance of preventive care for all of her patients. This includes counseling for weight loss, diet modification, and smoking cessation, as well as updating immunizations, cancer screening, and annual physicals. She also is experienced with treating chronic illnesses, such as coronary artery disease, diabetes, and hypertension.
Love Dr. Puttagunta, great personality and bedside manner. Office is always backed up though, you have to wait longer than normal to get your blood draw... overall I was at the office for over 1.5hours which is way longer than necessaryfor a blood draw, flu shot & quick talk/update of about 5 minutes.
Preventive visit was turned into a preventive visit, plus an extra office visit. Very shady and arbitrary. Lady checking me out said that Dr. has the discretion to add an office visit and no other further explanation. Nothing was discussed thatwasn't part of a normal annual preventive exam. Appears to be an extra way to bill insurance companies and patients. I have a high deductible plan, so i am very aware of doctor pricing. I had a good visit last year, so this new policy/scam is disappointing. I will not be going back to this establishment and wouldn't recommend it.
I am very happy with Dr. Divi. She was knowledgeable and took the time to get to know my health history as it was my first visit. She even spent more time than any other dr I have seen, explaining theclinical reasons to take a pariticular medication and why she would prescribe it. I really appreciate her valuable time and kindness. All the office staff I encountered was efficient and helpful.
I enjoyed my visit with Dr. Divi. She's patient and takes time to listen to me and gives me the best medical advice.
Very personable and professional. Great listener and adviser.
Dr. Divi has great bedside manner. She was recommended by some doctor friends of mine and seemed very competent.
My experience with Dr. Divi was excellent. She took time to listen to all my concerns, was very easy to talk to and unlike a lot of doctors, she thinks outside the box, pointing out the important connection between mind and body. Would definitely recommend her!
This was my first consultation visit and I was very comfortable with Dr. Divi. Her medical assistant, Laura, was a gem. I'm looking forward to working with both of them.
Dr. Divi is a great listener, very caring and thoughtful. She is non-judgmental and seems very committed to her patients. The staff was friendly, quick, and efficient. I highly recommend Dr. Divi and the practice as a whole.
Dr. Divi is very kind, knowledgeable and thoughtful. I did not have a go to doctor since I moved to Texas but I will definitely continue having her going forward.
Dr. Divi was very thorough and provided excellent information to all of my concerns.
I don't normally write reviews, but she was great! Definitely recommend.
Personable. Listens to the patient. Questions for clarification. It was a pleasure to see her.
Dr. Divi and Nurse Laura made my appointment seamless and assuring. I'm so glad I was referred to this clinic, it's so hard to meet nice people now these days.
I was seeing her for the first time, but immediately felt comfortable with her. She was quick, yet I didn't feel rushed.
I had my first visit with Dr. Puttagunta and was blown away by how amazing she is. She spent time to actually discuss my concerns and symptoms and listened to me. She is clearly extremely knowledgeable but also has incredible bedside manner. Highly recommend!
Dr. Divi was great! She spent 30 minutes or more with me going through my concerns and talking through the treatment options. I do not think I have ever had a doctor spend that much time actually seeing me (usually thedoctor comes in for 5-10 minutes at the end). Dr. Divi was very knowledgeable and made me feel very comfortable asking questions. If you are looking for a great primary care provider in Dallas, I highly, highly recommend Dr. Divi.
She is very nice and very thorough.
The office/waiting area, lab area, and check out area was very overcrowded. The doctor was not open to listening to my concerns and not willing to compromise on treatment. I was diagnosed with Pharyngitis two days later also because she wouldnot prescribe an antibiotic as I asked. She made assumptions based on seeing tattoos on my body as well. She didn't seem to want to hear my opinion or concerns about my own healthcare. I ended up finding another dr. Her office also would not use my ZocDoc info upon check in, I had to demand they pull it up and even then I had to refill out all the SAME questions again.
I found friendly staff in abundance at this practice and my new PCP Dr. Divi Puttagunta in particular exemplifies the very best medical standards one can expect. She listened well, probed gently for clarification of my input and explained her diagnosis and advice clearly.
Best doctor I've had ever. Super quick and easy to get in and the doctor was very attentive and seemed to really care about my needs. Highly recommended !
She was very warm, easy to talk to and offered great advice. I'm happy to now have her as my primary care physician.
All the office staff were friendly, Dr. Divi was friendly and attentive and helpful.
Dr. Divi was very nice and professional. I was asked all the expected questions,plus a few more. She seemed to want to get to the bottom of my problems with a correct diagnosis. I was surprised by the waiting area itwas old and cramped and their lack of parking outside. I waited in the outer office for just under an hour and I was about to leave when I was called to an inner office. The whole office experience felt like a fast food restaurant.
I enjoyed my visit with Dr. Puttagunta. I found her to be kind, patient, and attentive.
She does not listen. She makes a diagnosis before she hears all the facts. Rather than consider any other possibility, she sticks with her original diagnosis. Even after the test proved negative, she still prescribed medication for her original diagnosis.
Please see that your scales are calibrated correctly. We have had a home health care nurse adjust our scales. Your scales are off by approximately 5 lbs. too high.
I liked her attention to the concerns I stated'; she responded with sound information and direction.
Dr. Divi is a great listener and a compassionate person. She clearly has a stellar background as far as her education. She always takes her time with me and never makes me feel rushed. I always feel as though she listensto the patient as far as knowledge of their own body, and always takes it into consideration when diagnosing.
Dr. Puttagunta is a very compassionate doctor. She takes the time to thoroughly engage with you during your appointment and she does not make you feel rushed through. She is very endearing even when suggesting the unhealthy vices that I shouldgive up. Dr. Puttagunta is thoroughly knowledgeable. I feel very confident in her ability to treat me for a variety of my conditions that have required a specialist my past in addition to her Treating some of my more common ailments.
Dr Divi was recommended to me from a friend that I work with. This is the first time I met a doctor that spent time with me to discuss list of things I should be working on to improve my health.She wasn't rushing and is a good listener. In addition to my physical, she was also able to recommend the list of shots that I need to visit a foreign country (I know some doctors ask you to do your own research). Highly recommend this doctor!
Always answers my questions very informative for me. She gives excellent instructions that I can understand. Pleasant and Lsura her nurse is very pleasant also. Very pleased withy visit.
She is timely, thorough and listens carefully before making a professional opinion. I have confidence in her as my family doctor.
She was awesome! She answered all of my questions not related to my visit and was very informative.
Dr. Divi was amazing. She cared about my condition and asked all the right questions. Her "bedside" manner was wonderful and I felt comfortable from the beginning. She put me at ease for the first time in months of worry. I am so thankful I selected Dr. Divi.
Dr. Divi is an excellent physician. She's thorough, knowledge, and very friendly. Highly recommend!
She is a great and professional person who I would reccomend to anybody with a great personality.
All went great with the physician. However, I had to have labs drawn and the lab tech was very rude and argumentative when I asked her to please wash or use hand sanitizer before sticking me with the needle. She arguedthat her gloves were clean. I tried to explain to her that gloves do not make your hands clean. I also mentioned I am in the healthcare field and work with sick babies. She then stated as she washing her hands that I should know then that "clean" gloves are just as good. Hand washing/hand sanitize is the best way to prevent the transmission of germs.


Mughlai Pasanday is a very delicious dish which is marinated in yogurt and almonds give it pure mughlai touch. It has wonderful gravy and may be served with Naan and chapatti.
Prepare green masala and mix salt, sesame and almonds in it. Mix it and put the meat in it. Marinate beef for 2 hours.
Take a medium sized pan and heat oil. Fry the onion and red chilli until it gets brown.
Put the marinated beef mix well and cover with led for 10-15 minutes.
Add ginger garlic paste, yogurt and hot spices in it and mix well.
Cover with led and cook at low heat until beef tenders.
Dish out the beef and garnish with coriander leaves.
A very delicious Mughlai pasanday are ready, serve it with hot Naan or white rice.


text:
Maira nigropilosa är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Meijere 1913. Maira nigropilosa ingår i släktet Maira och familjen rovflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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