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A Rambling Ranty Post about Realisms on the scReen
Posted by danielwalldammit in Movies, Native American Issues
Culture, Fantasy, Fast Runner, game of thrones, George R R Martin, History, Realism, Reality Television, War
Someone I know and love likes to say that Game of Thrones is all fake. It's fantasy, so there is nothing realistic about it. This same individual (whom I know and love) eats up reality TV like it was candy. I think he knows as well as I do that those shows are often contrived, but that doesn't stop him from getting really into the moment that alligator is on the hook and the second guy in the boat can't seem to find his shot. I know as well as he does that Westeros ain't real, but that doesn't stop me from worrying about the fate of Jon Snow. Each mode of storytelling works for one of us and not the other.
But what does realism have to do with it? Or anything else for that matter?
It's easier to see the connection for reality TV, not because it's more real in an objective sense, but because the theme is more central to the genre. Reality television purports to be showing us something about how people in some part of this world really do live. That's a claim that goes a bit beyond the story-line itself and reaches into the mess of life we sometimes call the real world. That claim constitutes a significant portion of the genre's appeal. It's a bit like porn, actually. The dialogue may be utter crap, but somehow the sense that you are seeing something real makes it a little more interesting. At least I think that's the point, or at least part of it. For myself, I just can't get into it. Knowing just how much manipulation goes into the stories told in reality television, constitutes a bit of deal-breaker for me. Perhaps I would enjoy it more if I could suspend disbelief and just enjoy the stories, but how does that suspension of disbelief work when a sense of veracity is central to the genre?
…also, there is the expository crutch!
Reality television leans very heavily on the use of exposition. Far too often, for me anyway, they break away from the action to have one of the characters explain events to the audience in their own words. Without these moments we would be missing a lot of the plot-line. Reality television uses these moments to fill in the gaps. It also uses them to tell us what's at stake in the action, often playing up the drama well beyond any significance we could draw from the events ourselves. …if we don't get this fish trap to work we'll starve! We need to fix the oil leak in our car or we'll freeze to death on this mountain top. That chef needs to change his recipe or the whole business will go under! …you get the idea. They'll repeat these narratives a few times each episode, just to make sure you get caught up in the point. Maybe, I'm a hard sell, but most of the time I just don't believe them. More importantly, I find the whole convention damned tedious. When did so much exposition become good writing? I'm guessing that moment in television history came during the early episodes of MTV's Real World and that first season of Survivor.
Remember Survivor? Remember the hype leading up to the first episode? This was supposed to be about people surviving on their own under primitive conditions. Only they couldn't! Those guys really couldn't do much to feed themselves and contribute to their own survival. But they did get just enough food and water from the show producers to survive so long as they didn't waste their energy trying to survive on their own. So they mostly sat around and bickered with each other. Somewhere in there, I imagine, the production team must have had a collective panic attack. …My God, the whole story just ain't happening! What do we do? The answer turned out to be high school soap opera, and thus the master script was born for just about every reality television program made ever since.
That's how I imagine it anyway. It may not be real, but if you had me and five of my friends telling you the story of this blog post, I'll bet it would pass muster for reality TV.
"…this really is a must write blog post for Dan. He's at his breaking point."
"I knew, I had to do post something today. This post was like a dark cloud hanging over my head."
"If Dan doesn't finish this post today, I'm pretty sure he'll be eaten by black bears."
"I don't see what the big deal is. Nobody reads blogs anymore anyway."
I'm voting that last fucker of the island!
But let's come back to the Game of Thrones! I get the concern. It's fantasy. There are dragons. Magic works (except when it doesn't), and well, hell, did I mention there are dragons? Clearly, some things about Game of Thrones are not real at all. Still, I think the show has two (maybe three) realisms lacking in many more 'realistic' genres.
First and foremost, it's all the death, the gruesome terrible deaths, the ones that happen to central characters that we all know and love. Love it or hate it, George R.R. Martin's penchant for killing off key protagonists has long since become the defining feature of the show. For myself, I love it, but there is a certain dwarf that better be in good health at the end of this coming season or I'll, I'll, …I don't know what I'll do.
Take that Martin!
People ask Martin about this all the time. I'm particularly fond of the answer he once gave The Independent:
"A writer, even a fantasy writer, has an obligation to tell the truth and the truth is, as we say in Game of Thrones, all men must die," he told Galaxy's Edge Magazine. "Particularly if you're writing about war, which is certainly a central subject in Game of Thrones."
He continued: "We've all read this story a million times when a bunch of heroes set out on an adventure and it's the hero and his best friend and his girlfriend and they go through amazing hair-raising adventures and none of them die. The only ones who die are extras.
"That's such a cheat. It doesn't happen that way. They go into battle and their best friend dies or they get horribly wounded. They lose their leg or death comes at them unexpectedly."
The author goes on to explain, slightly morbidly, that we're all going to die at some stage as mortality is inevitable. "Once you've accepted that you have to include death then you should be honest about death and indicate it can strike down anybody at any time.
"You don't get to live forever just because you are a cute kid or the hero's best friend or the hero. Sometimes the hero dies, at least in my books."
I take that to be a kind of realism. It's not about authentic costumes or weaponry, or the details of some known historical event. It's about the human cost of warfare. Martin is known to have patterned his fiction after some real historical conflicts (most notably the War of the Roses), but of course his work remains fiction. Hell, it remains fantasy-fiction. So, we have no baseline from which to compare his description of events to a known fact, at least not any he is obligated to render with accuracy. Still, Martin's willingness to kill off the characters we care about tells us something about war that many more 'realistic' stories keep leaving out.
I would add that it isn't just Martin's willingness to kill important characters that sets his stories off from others. It's his willingness to do it unexpectedly, suddenly, and often without any hint of heroics in the moment of death. Time and again, Game of Thrones invites us to identify with a character, to root for them, only to kill them in the end.
…only to leave us watching as the struggle goes on without those whose story arc had once defined the whole meaning of the show for us.
That is a kind of realism, one largely absent in a good deal of historical fiction.
None of this is exactly Italian neorealism. But each of these genres effects a kind of realism amidst a story-line saturated with fiction. Where one purports to show us something akin to lives of people in odd walks of life, another aims to show us how human beings struggle to deal with terrible events. For either to work, something in story-line must resonate for the viewer (or reader). Each in its own way speaks to a sense of reality, though each also weds that sense of reality to a fabricated universe of its own.
Historical accuracy might be thought to present another type of realism, but of course historical films (and even documentaries) are saturated with their own contrivances. The blog, An Historian Goes to the Movies presented a very thoughtful discussion of the subject here, here, and here (and really throughout his entire website). In one of the most interesting passages in this series, he talks about the public's penchant for scrutinizing the accuracy of material culture and fighting techniques in film while ignoring the historical accuracy of plot points:
I find it very striking that audiences apparently want a sense of accuracy about violence, but not about plot. They cheerfully accept absurd plot developments (like Isabella being way too young and way too far way to have an affair with Wallace), but will complain if the sword fighting looks too fake. (Compare contemporary film violence to that from the 60s, for example, to see just how much effort Hollywood has put into improving the realism of its violence.)
Imagine for a moment a film in which the emphasis was on accuracy of the plot, but not on accuracy of the costuming or weaponry. Picture William Wallace running around in a 20th century British military uniform carrying an AK-47 but engaging in fairly accurate political maneuverings.
Most people would react to that poorly, I suspect, because Hollywood trains us that accuracy means specific things and generally excludes other things. But theatrical and cinematic adaptations of Shakespeare employ this device fairly frequently. Instead of setting his Richard III in the 1480s, like the historical Richard III, or in the 1590s, when the play was first performed, Ian McKellan set his version of the play in the 1930s, depicting Richard as a would-be fascist dictator. A particular favorite detail is the arrangement of 16th century poem "Come Live with Me and Be My Love" as a sort of Swing-era piece. The famous "Now is the winter of our discontent" speech becomes a political speech. It works beautifully, and while the setting isn't faithful to the play as Shakespeare envisioned it, it works marvelously and offers a wonderful comment on the politics of both the 15th and the 20th centuries while still being true to the spirit of the play. This is a film making careful, clever use of its choices about historical inaccuracy.
Perhaps the most interesting part of this commentary lies in the comparison with Shakespearean theater. While it's easy to fall into the trap of thinking that the kind of bias he exposes here is just to expected from viewers, the comparison with Shakespeare shows us that it isn't. There is indeed at least one genre which reverses the emphasis, taking us out of the realm of period dress and sword techniques and inviting us to dwell on the plot-line.
I want to underscore at least one aspect of this question about accurate plot-lines, namely the sense of a character's world view. Historical plot-lines can be inaccurate for any number of reasons, but one of the most interesting and common inaccuracies would seem to be a penchant for reading modern thought worlds into the motivations of historical characters. In this respect, Mel Gibson is the gift that keeps on giving. Whether it be a southern plantation owner who doesn't own slaves, or William Wallace crying 'freedom' as he is about to die, his historical characters typically speak to the sensibilities of modern peoples more than those of the era in which they purportedly lived. Whatever the (in-)accuracy of his dress or battlefield depictions, Gibson's characters are often living anachronisms, thinking and behaving in ways that have less to do with the period than the social order of the modern day.
Here is another respect in which I think Game of Thrones is particularly good. For those of us who live in a modern republic, the logic of an aristocracy can seem quite vicious, often unnecessarily so. Why all the fighting? Is it vain ambition? And if these characters must fight for control of their worlds, could they not at least spare the children of their enemies? Even the title of the series points to the answer, but I believe it was Cercei who explained it best.
Again, this is fiction. Hell, it's fantasy fiction, but it's fantasy fiction pointing at a kind of world that has existed in human history, one many of us have trouble grasping. It's a world in which heredity defines power, and even a child with the wrong bloodline is a very real threat to the powers that be. This too is a kind of realism, one which reminds us people in other times and places may not be able to act as we would, even if they wanted to. I admired Eddard Stark's efforts to show mercy in this scene, and I expect I'm not entirely alone in this. But of course we call know how that turned out. We are 6 seasons into the show, and thus far, I have every reason to believe Cersei was right about this. Not just Certei. Martin too. This is Martin telling us something about the social order of a certain kind of world. His world may be fiction, but others like it would not be, and his story does indeed help to illustrate how those worlds work. Is it realism? Not quite. But you could learn a lot about real worlds from this kind of story.
So it seems the attempt to show us how certain people live in certain times and places always reflect the priorities of those who produce them. Are they trying to show us how people dressed, how a certain series of events unfolded, or how people thought about their lives in the context of the times depicted? One could find other priorities in a film, to be sure, but it would be a rare story that didn't have some serious blind spots.
The funny thing about such blind spots is they can be hard to see at first, but once you find them, they can be equally hard to ignore.
Okay, so one of the ways I am cheating my way through this topic, so far, is that I keep picking examples where one can arrive at a reasonably sure sense of what the facts would say about a given issue, what would count as real if we chose to care about it. What about when you don't know? What is realism when we don't exactly know what the fact is?
Take the film, Atanarjuat (Fast Runner). Better yet, take the film Reel Injun in which director, Zacharias Kunuk discusses one of the challenges he faced in making Atanarjuat. He wanted to shoot some love scenes, but that raised an interesting question. How would two Inuits living essentially in the pre-contact era have actually made love. He couldn't very well just have them start sucking face for foreplay, as would be the case in most love scenes, because Inuit in the precontact era didn't kiss the way people do now. Lots of people have heard of an 'Eskimo kiss', which is essentially rubbing noses, or so we are told, but how does that work? Past movies set in the arctic depict this in rather comic terms, which was definitely not what Kunuk was going for. He wanted to portray this as accurately as possible. So, he talked to the elders in his own community and based his own love scenes on their answers.
So, is the 'Eskimo kiss' in Atanarjuat accurate? Is it realistic?
It seems rather likely that the answer is 'yes', but that isn't entirely obvious. The elders Kunuk spoke to, might have been wrong. It's certainly possible. Historical information isn't carried in the blood, and customs change a great deal over time while people's ideas about tradition are often rooted in the eras of their own youth. So, it is possible that Kunuk's elders might have been factually wrong about an Eskimo kiss.
So what if they were?
Worst case scenario, the love scene in Atanarjuat is still the best answer that an Inuit director could come up with after speaking with Inuit elders in preparation for a movie with an Inuit cast and made essentially with an Inuit audience in mind. I can manufacture (as I just did) an objective question that Kunuk might have gotten wrong, but his answer is still the most authoritative I know of. It is certainly the most authoritative answer most of his non-Inuit audience will ever see. Whatever the facts of this topic, Kunuk's portrayal is still a thoughtful expression of an Inuit perspective about the subject. That has to count for something.
So if someone asks me what is an 'Eskimo kiss', how am I going to answer them? I'm going to point them right to Atanarjuat, or maybe to Reel Injun. Of course, I could also say that an 'Eskimo kiss' is a silly western caricature of what different Eskimo peoples actually did, but then I'm still going to point them to Fast Runner, because what happens in Fast Runner is STILL the most authoritative answer to that question that I know of, at least on film. In effect, it is the most realistic film portrayal that I'm aware of at present.
The point here in this overly-belabored sub-theme is that realism isn't always about objective facts. Sometimes it's about perspective, Sometimes, it's about the most authentic voice(s) you can find on a subject, the ones whose values and priorities are most relevant to a subject. This is particularly true of movies about exotic peoples, whether they be past civilizations, foreign cultures, or just the guy who does that really odd job. An outsider might manage a perfectly accurate portrayal of the lives of such people, but without some insight into their thinking, what would that be worth? Such insights must involve a native voice at some point. Better still when that voice can actually shape the narrative!
Will such a voice come with its own contrivance?
Also, there is no Santa Clause.
One Story to Rule Them All!
Posted by danielwalldammit in Movies
Fantasy, Film, J. R. R. Tolkien, Lord of the Rings, Movie Reviews, Movies, Peter Jackson, Story-Telling, The Hobbit
We All know that the ring destroyed the kings of men. We know it haunted Bilbo all those years in the shire. The ring destroyed Boromir and he was never even a ring bearer. We all watched as Frodo waste away under the influence of the one ring. But my question is what has the ring done to Peter Jackson?(Warning – Spoilers to follow. And yes, I know. I'm a grumpy old grognard. It's worse than you think.) Yeah, I finally saw The Battle of the Five Armies, so I guess now is as good a time as any to share my thoughts on it. I'm not angry really. I'm just disappointed. More than that, I am concerned, very concerned.
I think I read the hobbit around 6th grade or soon thereafter. What I remember of the book was an enjoyable light read. It was the sort of story you read when young and cherish well into adulthood. I could identify with it as a youth because it was the story of a child like character adrift in a world larger in every respect than he was. Bilbo learned to get along in the Hobbit, even to thrive in it, but he never quite got a handle on the larger forces at work in that story, and neither did we as its readers.
It was a fascinating world that Bilbo carried us into. It was a world of myth to be sure, but not just because of the elves and the dragons. It was also a story in which the quest for gold seemed a perfectly sufficient reason to undertake a dangerous adventure, and a world in which orcs and goblins attack, because frankly that's what they do. It's a just-so logic that guides The Hobbit, and that is just as any good mythic narrative would have it. a world in which great wars will happen. They will simply happen. No need for political complexities or struggles on which the fate of a whole world will hang. That sort of story will come later, but in the Hobbit, wars happen for simpler reasons, and that is all there is to it.
It is one of the charming features of The Hobbit that Bilbo never quite accepts the logic of that world, at least not its more violent features. His rejection is visceral, childlike. It isn't a worldly critique of the Draco-gold standard or the perils of Dwarven real-politik. Bilbo just never quite understands the logic of the battle which serves as the focus of this last film, not that I remember anyway. One suspects that there is nothing really to understand; it is simply what these characters were born to do, how Thorin was born to die.
Tolkien does not unleash the complexities of Middle Earth on his readers until the Lord of the Rings. He did rewrite the Hobbit to put it more in sink with the larger work, but even then he let much of the larger scheme rest on the background of The Hobbit. We may even see hints of that larger scheme, even as we continue to see hints of material from the Silmarillion in the Lord of the Rings. But what isn't explained in both stories is as essential to each as what is explained. We aren't supposed to get all this, and we are certainly not supposed to get all of it when seeing the whole thing through the eyes of Bilbo. Tolkien understands this. If Jackson ever did understand it, he has almost certainly forgotten it by now.
Watching The Hobbit has been a lot like attending a play with someone who has read he script and wants to make sure we know it, along with everyone in the next three rows. Just as an annoying theater-troll will spout the next lines ahead of the actors, Jackson keeps turning The Hobbit into a chance to tell us about the Lord if the Rings. He simply will not let the Hobbit be the Hobbit. It must instead be a prequel to that later (larger) story.
Focused as he is on the grand scheme of things, Jackson has all but forgotten Bilbo. The epic narrative that Jackson insists on relating has little time for a simple hobbit and little place for a Hobbit's point of view. Yes Bilbo does many of the same things in this trilogy that he does in the book, but his story is never really allowed to compete with that of Thorin's quest for power, the rise of the bowman to leadership, the doomed love affair between a Dwarven romeo and his elven Juliette, or for that matter, Gandalf's efforts to piece together the story of the Necromancer. How could Bilbo possibly compete with all that!
All that Bilbo can do is to play a bit part in a failed bid to avert a war. Yet, the problem isn't that Bilbo is a minor player in the great scheme of things. Rather it is that this version of The Hobbit has forgotten the importance of bit players. It is too interested in the great heroes to give any real credence to those with humbler ambitions. In that respect, this version of The Hobbit couldn't have wandered further away from its original source.
This Hobbit is a story that contains a hobbit, but it most certainly is not a story about a hobbit. It is too busy being a story about other things.
So what? If Jackson and his writing team want to tell a different story, there is no particular reason why they shouldn't do just that. And yet The Hobbit remains unsatisfying (for me at any rate) because it can never really be what Jackson and his team want it to be, which is another Lord of the Rings. The story line simply doesn't support the tone of an epic narrative; it's characters have never been quite up to the task. The Dwarves are just a bit too foolish, the elves a bit too vain, and the men too reluctant to be anything at all. These are interesting characters for a story with less ambition than Jackson has brought to the story. For a grand epic, they simply will not do. So, The Hobbit trilogy remains overshadowed and upstaged by the epic narrative which is to follow, the one we've already seen, the one against which this story cannot help but pale in comparison.
Yes, Jackson and company can certainly tell us whatever story they like, but I cannot help thinking something a little closer to the original Hobbit would have been more valuable. I find myself wanting to say; we've seen this. You did it right the first time. Now show us something new.
But alas! This was not to happen.
For whatever reason, Jackson could not bring himself to let the hobbit be the hobbit, or even to fashion it into something altogether new and creative. So many of his interventions pull the story towards the Lord of the Rings, which is something it simply can never be. Jackson's heart is set on the Lord if the rings. His mind is bent on it. And it is his master.
The final scenes of the Hobbit are filled with allusions to the coming trilogy, and truth be told, that is to be expected, even relished. Yet each of these references drags on a bit too long. We get the reference to Aragorn, and we get the moment Bilbo replies to a knock on his door, which is actually kind of clever, or at least it would have been if Jackson had been content to let a couple quick lines connect the two stories. But he can't do that. Jackson has to make sure we get the point, and each of these references seems to carry on well after we get the point.
Spoiling it.
It seems as though Jackson just cannot let the coming epic go, and the urge to tell us about his precious Lord of the Rings won't let him settle for a proper allusion, just as it would not let him simply tell us the story of the Hobbit in the first place. It's as though the Lord of the Rings has hold of his spirit.
It will not let him go!
Great Movie Villains, Vol. III: Nevermind the Nazgûl, Fear the Fellowship!
Posted by danielwalldammit in Movie Villainy, Movies
D&D, Fantasy, Film, Hobbits, Irony, Lord of the Rings, Movie Villainy, Movies, Storytelling, Tolkein
Which members of the Fellowship of the Ring are villainous? Almost all of them, if you ask me.
Just not Boromir though. He's the one guy you can almost trust. Given a chance for power, he took it. Sounds like a straight-up kinda guy. He's okay by me.
But those damned Halflings! They are just all bad.
We'll save Frodo for later, but it's short work to see that a couple of no-good thieves like Pippin and Merry are full-on bad guys, even if they are short and cheerful. Between starting fires, and raising false alarms, Pippin is a damned mess. I can almost understand his desire to steal the biggest marble in the known universe. That's understandable. But with a petty offense like that, you gotta come clean when the jig is up. I mean, seriously, it's Sauron's marble. Pippin didn't win it in a fair match. The least he can do is have a polite conversation with the man he's cheated out of the coolest boulder on the playground. But no! Apparently, that was too much to ask. He has to cry to Gandolf and start a war over it, just so he can keep his prize. It wasn't even a cleary, fer cryin' out loud!
And then there is Merry stabbing the king of Angmar in the back during what would have been a perfectly honorable duel with an upstart Princess who has done nothing but disrespect her father, her brother, and every authority figure who tried to help her out in the course of the story. She was about to get taught a damned good lesson when that little runt goes and gets all 9th-level Rogue on her enemy. Absolutely disgraceful!
Don't even get me started on that "faithful" toadie, Samwise Gamgee! Can there be any doubt that he is responsible for the terrible depression that befell poor Golem? I mean that guy is in the middle of a deep blue funk that lasts for well over a hundred years and this furry-footed bully goes around calling him names and picking on him constantly.
Plus, poor golem had lost his precious ring. Who the Hell can blame him for wanting it back? It was a damned good ring! And look who stole it? Hobbits. Hobbits, like the very two halfwits golem is now supposed to be helping, one of whom is flaunting his precious under the poor wretche's very nose. This whole story-line is messed-up in a big morbid way, and there poor golem is on the edge of sanity. Leave it to the fricking henchman to push him off.
Then there is the Gimli and Legolas, with their friendly little competition over how many orcs they can kill. War is one thing folks, you gotta do what you gotta do, but this shit is way over the line! When did killing become fun, I ask you people? Just when did it become a contest? Apparently, when the killers became an elf and a dwarf. Oh look at the cute little creatures killing the ugly people! Let's bet on who can kill the most!
And then of course there is Aragorn. I could go on and on about this geriatric black sheep of the royal family, but let's just look at one thing here. Have you ever noticed Aragorn's sword in the minutes before the final battle at the gates of Mordor? It's got blood on it. Yeah that's right, BEFORE the fight he has blood on his sword. Know why? Cause he killed a messenger from Sauron in a deleted scene.
No sooner had said messenger returned a lost mithril shirt that stupid Frodo lost somewhere in Mordor when Aragorn goes and repays this act of great kindness by killing the guy (in cold blood, and during a parlay, no less). Small wonder the director chose to cover that up. …but he couldn't hide the blood.
No he couldn't
Next time someone tries to tell you Aragorn is a hero, just keep asking him; "what about the blood?"
So, now we are down to the last two bad guys. Which is the worse? I know what you're thinking; it's Frodo right? After all, he is the one that destroys the most valuable piece of jewelry in all of Middle Earth, causing a great cataclysm which leads to the genocidal destruction of many of the world's great kindreds. (Seriously do you not see all the orcs and goblins and trolls falling into a great pit at the end of this terrible tragedy? Are we supposed to cheer that shit on?) Yes, Frodo did that. All that destruction is Frodo's claim to infamy, and it's a damned good one. But it still doesn't win him the prize for the most-hated villain at the Fellowship ball.
Before moving on though, I wonder if we need to say a thing or two about the little guy's sappy buzz-kill attitude through just about the complete series? What do you do when you have the power to rule the entire world at your finger tips? Sulk and cry about it for three fricking over-long movies. Three of them, I tell you! That alone should get him an award for something.
Still!
Frodo is not the principal villain of this story. It's Gandolf. What you have to ask yourself is why this big-ass powerful wizard uses his magic so sparingly. I know, I know, he's only supposed to help and council people, not solve their problems for them. Right? He's been sent by the powers that be to guide mankind in its struggles. Doing more than that would spoil the moral of the story for them and us. Yadayadayada! We've heard this yarn before.
That's the excuse of every manipulative god-like being in all of history, real or imagined. Just what the Hell are people supposed to get out of all this anyway? Wisdom? A sense of accomplishment?
Tell that to the dead!
Gandolf could have ended the entire war with a bit of basic parlor-magic. He could have returned the ring to its rightful owner and all would have been right with the world of middle earth. Failing that, he could have gone wompy-stompy with his great powers and beat the crap out of his enemies in the first half of the first movie. Still the bad guys win that way, but at least it's over with quickly. And that my friends is what makes Gandolf the ultimate villain. He doesn't just want to kill Sauron, whose only crime was in gifting jewelry to the great leaders of the world. No, Gandolf wants to make sure a lot of people die unnecessarily along the way. If you ask me this villainous puppet-master is the worst of the bunch.
…which is saying a lot, because he has a real den of iniquity there in the Fellowship of the Ring. What's the difference between the dirty dozen and these guys?
Three people!


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Time to Revisit How We Define "Act of War" in Force Majeure Provisions
By: S. George Alfonso, Of Counsel, Braumiller Law Group
On May 4th, 2020, the Department of Homeland Security ("DHS") intelligence service issued an unclassified four page report which stated in part:
[DHS Intelligence Service] assess the Chinese Government ["Peoples Republic of China" ("PRC")] intentionally concealed the severity of COVID-19 from the International community in early January while it stockpiled medical supplies by both increasing imports and decreasing exports," the May 1 DHS report states. (emphasis added).[1]
The DHS report stated that the PRC dramatically increased its imports of medical supplies while cutting exports of the same items — even as it played down the gravity of the epidemic to the rest of the world.
The DHS report further stated that the PRC substantially increased its import of surgical face-masks by 278 percent, surgical gowns by 72 percent, and surgical gloves by 32 percent and other items in January. The report in contrast, noted that in February, worldwide imports from China of critical medical supplies significantly declined.
Based on a comparison of global trade data on 38 types of medical supplies from October 2019 to February 2020 to the previous five years, the report stated that there is a 95% probability that the dramatic shift was not within the normal range. (Cardiff Prestige Property Inc. et al. v. People's Republic of China et al. [U.S. District Court for the Central District of California]).
The DHS report concluded that the PRC attempted to cover up and hide its actions by publicly denying it had ever imposed export restrictions on masks and other medical supplies, and claiming to have not delayed the release of key trade data
In March, I examined the importance of well drafted and clearly defined events which could trigger a Force Majeure provision ("Force Majeure and the Coronavirus [COVID-19]: Definitions Matter")[2] As an example, I cited the present global pandemic as an instance where an event or situation may not have been sufficiently identified and defined in order to allow a party to invoke the contract's Force Majeure provision.
In light of the DHS Intelligence Report and other related events and published allegations, I believe it is now necessary to re-evaluate and re-define how such findings may require a re-evaluation and possible re-defining of one of the most common Force Majeure terms of art; "Act of War".
Will US Government Investigations and US Lawsuits Effectively Re-Define an "Act of War"?
The above-referenced DHS Intelligence Report directly and unequivocally states that the acts and omissions of the PRC further exacerbated the worldwide spread of the deadly coronavirus "COVID-19". Can such a determination alone or compounded by future evidence ever be enough to satisfy the Force Majeure term of art of Act of War?
GOP Senators Look to Hold China Liable for COVID-19 Pandemic[3]
In April, two Republican Senators unveiled bills which seek to allow US plaintiffs to sue the PRC and the ruling and only authorized political party in the PRC, the Chinese Communist Party ("CCP") and CCP officials. The bills also provide for the sanctioning of the PRC, CCP and CCP officials for their intentional withholding of information about COVID-19; actions which include the prevention of whistle-blowers within the PRC from releasing information to the rest of the world.
Senator Josh Hawley, R-Mo. introduced the "Justice for Victims of COVID-19 Act" which would remove the PRC's sovereign immunity and permit U.S. citizens and businesses to sue the PRC for the suppression of truth, failure to act and intentional misrepresentations made by the government which delayed and retarded the global response to this pandemic. The proposed bill includes the establishment of a U.S. State Department task force that would further investigate how Beijing managed the outbreak and seek compensation from the PRC due to its above-referenced acts and omissions. Senator Hawley stated: "We need an international investigation to learn the full extent of the damage the [PRC and CCP have] inflicted on the world, and then we need to empower Americans and other victims around the world to recover damages".
Also in April, Senator Ted Cruz, R-Texas, proposed a bill dubbed the "Ending Chinese Medical Censorship and Cover Ups Act of 2020" that would allow for the country's officials to be sanctioned for censoring its own citizens' attempt to release medical information about new diseases. In a statement regarding the bill, Cruz said that the Chinese government's censorship of medical information has led to "catastrophic" consequences.[4]
US State Government Files Suit Against the PRC and CCP Liable
Governmental attempts to hold the PRC and CCP liable for their acts and omissions regarding COVID-19 are not limited to the federal government. Also in April, Missouri's Attorney General ("AG") Eric Schmitt, sued PRC's government, the CCP and named government officials and institutes in Federal Court, claiming their intentional dissemination of misinformation regarding COVID-19 led to the global pandemic and loss of hundreds of Missouri lives and billions of dollars to the state.[5]
AG Schmitt cited various news stories from multiple sources, including the New York Times and CNN and alleges a widespread and intentional cover-up and campaign of misinformation by the PRC and CCP and its officials during the critical first few weeks and months after the discovery of the virus in Wuhan. AG Schmitt stated that this cover-up led to the unnecessary spread of the virus, and that the PRC/CCP and officials were bound by certain international laws to accurately report the threat the virus posed to the world community but failed to do so. AG Schmitt alleges that the result of these intentional failures to effectively communicate the nature and risk of the virus was a violation of various Missouri laws, including creating a public nuisance and breach of duty, which has resulted in over 6,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases in his state and over 180 deaths.
The AG's complaint includes a timeline using various media outlets as sources to claim that the PRC, CCP and officials knew or had evidence suggesting there was a new lethal coronavirus rapidly spreading in Wuhan through human-to-human contact in December and January but nevertheless repeatedly publicly denied this fact until at the earliest January 20th, 2020.[6] The AG's complaint includes the PRC/CCP run bio-weapons laboratory, the Wuhan Institute of Virology ("Wuhan Lab") as a defendant. The Wuhan Lab is located only 20 miles from the Wuhan city center and the complaint also alleges that the bio-weapons may in fact be the source of the virus.
Julian Ki, a professor at the Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University, recently tweeted that there are "[L]ots of jurisdictional obstacles facing this lawsuit; the main one being that the Chinese govt is generally immune under US law from lawsuits in US courts. But the Missouri AG has tried some interesting attempts here to get around this law." To this end, AG Schmitt has sued the CCP itself, which may not be entitled to immunity since it is technically not part of the PRC state.
Non-Governmental Litigation has also Commenced to Hold PRC and CCP Liable
AG Schmitt's lawsuit is not the first to take aim at the PRC, CCP and it officials for their act and omissions regarding COVID-19. Several other lawsuits have been filed against the PRC and other entities and officials recently regarding COVID-19.[7] Each action claims the PRC is liable for injuries and damages in the U.S. caused by the virus. It is a likelihood that additional lawsuits will follow.
The first three referenced complaints cite a series of instances where the PRC and its CCP and government officials failed to timely report the virus, intentionally under-reported the severity of the virus and relate deaths, failing to effectively contain the outbreak within the country, destroyed data regarding the virus, misled the World Health Organization ("WHO"), about the virus, censored social media references to the disease, prevented doctors and the press from reporting about the virus, and made misleading and false public statements about the status and severity of the outbreak in China. The complaints further aver that the PRC admitted that several of its actions were wrong or misleading. The complaint also allege that the Wuhan Lab sold lab animals to the market after experimenting with them, instead of cremating the infected animals, as required by law.
It should be noted that the "Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act" ("FISA"), provides for immunity to foreign countries, including their agencies and instrumentalities, from suit in the U.S., but does include some exceptions. The complaints allege that two exceptions apply: 1.) Defendants' misconduct relates to a commercial activity that caused a direct effect in the U.S., and; (2) Defendants' officials or employees committed non-discretionary tortious acts while acting within the scope of his or her office or employment. Neither exception is easily established. But should any exception apply, personal and subject matter jurisdiction will be automatically conferred on the courts.[8]
In order to establish one or both of the exceptions, expert testimony and modeling of the spread of the disease, and further research into its history and its origins will be required, which means that more and more information, despite the best efforts of the PRC, the CCP and its officials, will come to light. What that information eventually confirms is a substantial unknown as, discussed herein vis-à-vis Force Majeure provisions.
The Cardiff Prestige complaint (see footnote No. 7.4) involves two California real estate companies and some small businesses which have filed a proposed federal class action against China on behalf of all American small businesses seeking at least $8 trillion in compensatory damages plus punitive damages for what they allege to be the PRC's culpability in the COVID-19 pandemic, including as defendants, the PRC National Health Commission and the government of the city of Wuhan.
The plaintiffs claim, on behalf of the estimated 32 million small businesses in the United States, that the PRC engaged in a misinformation campaign during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, and also suggested that a Wuhan [bio-weapons] Lab could be the source of the virus.
Plaintiffs allege that the PRC's "[F]ailure to be transparent with the public, and failure to confront the COVID-19 crisis by ordering a quarantine for almost two months, was central to a pandemic occurring because the infection spread in an exponential manner[.]" The complaint continues in stating that "According to scientists almost 99% of the world's infections could have been avoided if the defendants had acted properly in early December, 2019." (emphasis added).
As with AG Schmitt's Federal complaint, the Cardiff Prestige lawsuit sets forth a detailed timeline, listing what it claims were key missteps or misstatements by one or more of the defendants the time the virus first appeared in Wuhan patients in or around November, 2019 and March 22, 2020, when the PRC and other defendants declared the virus was under control despite evidence the illness was still widespread across China.[9]
The Cardiff Prestige lawsuit includes counts of negligence, public nuisance and strict liability for conducting ultra-hazardous activity and as with other lawsuits noted herein, the last count alleges that the Wuhan Lab may be the genesis of COVID-19.
Can Gross Negligence Possibly Satisfy the Definitional Requirements of Act of War?
The DHS Intelligence Report along with multiple related allegations against the PRC and sister defendants in lawsuits paint at best – acts and omissions which amount to gross negligence. In light of the loss of life and global economic disaster this pandemic has wrought, how far-fetched and beyond the pale would it be to argue that this level of gross negligence, in and of itself, constitutes an "Act of War" under a contract's Force Majeure provision.
Traditional Instances of Acts of War or Acts of Aggression in the 21st Century
Traditionally, an Act of War or Act of Aggression was self-evident, often immediately recognizable. Such immediate examples which come to mind are the attack on Pearl Harbor or the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001. As this article is being written, in May, 2020, other potentially defined Acts of War or Acts of Aggression significant enough to trigger a Force Majeure Clause – if sufficiently clearly drafted, could be the PRC's aggressive moves – if not outright coup d'etat in Hong Kong – or its acts of aggression on the Indian border – in which troops of the Peoples Liberation Army ("PLA"), clashed with Indian soldiers near the Pangong Tso lake in Ladakh on May 5th, this year. [https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/23/india-china-border-skirmishes]
Although not as immediate as the above-referenced examples, should, as reported by the DHS and pled in these lawsuits, facts become established of intentional acts and omissions by the defendants which created, loosed the virus or furthered the spread of the virus and/or limited/prevented other nations from more timely responding in December, such intentional acts and omissions may very well satisfy in any number of contracts' "Act of War" definition in the Force Majeure provision.
How May Government Actions and US Litigation Affect a Force Majeure Provision?
With the announced intentions of the US Federal government, at least the state of Missouri and the current and future plaintiffs to aggressively research and investigate not only the origins of the virus but the acts and omissions of these defendants, such conclusions are far from being realized.
As such, a review of your company's commercial contracts' Force Majeure provisions is advisable now. Typically, events which will facilitate the implementation of Force Majeure are immediately self-evident. In this instance however, facts which may support the invoking of an Act of War claim are slowly but inevitable evolving. The knowledge learned over the coming months (and even years), may at some point, eventually trigger a party to seek to invoke its Force Majeure provision at a date far later than would traditionally be contemplate. The possibility of invoking a contract's Force Majeure provision at a later date (if not effectively invokable presently) is at least a negotiating card when looking to restructure current contracts with one or more contracting party(ies) who are threatening litigation (or arbitration) to claim breach of contract.
It is also important to note that some Force Majeure provisions include a "Notice Deadline" which requires the "Invoking Party" to notify the other party(ies) ("Non-Invoking Parties") within a specific time period. This standard requirement becomes far more problematic than anticipated as what is presently a set of facts which may not come close to satisfying the Act of War provision, may at some point subsequently, become established facts upon which such an assertion may be made.
Of course the Non-Invoking Parties will argue a failure by the Invoking Party to have satisfied any Notice Deadline, so it may be critical to closely follow not only the media, but the information obtained by the US government and the plaintiffs in litigation which may establish culpability sufficient to argue the PRC and its other entities and official's acts and omissions did in the end constitute an Act of War.
[1]. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/dhs-report-china-hid-coronavirus-severity-order-hoard-medical-supplies-n1199221
[2]. The Force Majeure concept, often referred to "Act of God" provision, confirms the parties' agreement by identification (to some degree) of specific types of events (usually both natural and man made), all outside and beyond the parties' respective control, that if occurred could result in one or more of the obligations under the contract being suspended (partially or in full). Typically such events include natural disasters such as tsunamis, earthquakes or tornadoes, but also typically include man-made actions such as "act of war". The suspension of the obligations of a contracting party, may be for a period of time (before the party is again obligated under the terms of the contract), or may become a complete waiver, resulting in the permanent release from the obligations of the contract.
[3]. https://www.law360.com/articles/1263551?scroll=1&related=1
[4]. As of April 2020, the global death toll from the virus has exceeded 130,000 cases, and the U.S. death toll has climbed to more than 35,000, according to the University of Virginia's database.
[5]. The State of Missouri ex rel. case number 1:20-cv-00099.
[6]. Included in the timeline is the allegation that Wuhan police detained eight doctors in early January who had been publicly discussing the virus, condemning them for making false statements. One of them, Dr. Li Wenliang, was forced to confess to a misdemeanor, prepare a self-criticism and agree not to commit any additional "unlawful acts," according to Schmitt. It is reported that Wenliang died shortly, allegedly from COVID-19. AG Schmitt stated that "An appalling campaign of deceit, concealment, misfeasance, and inaction by [the PRC, CCP and officials] unleashed this pandemic".
[7]. The following lists and brief summarizes the noted non-governmental lawsuits:
Logan Alters et al. v. People's Republic of China et al., (U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, in Miami). The lawsuit asserts claims for negligence, negligent and intentional infliction of emotional distress, strict liability for ultra-hazardous activity, and public nuisance against the PRC and its National Health Commission, Ministry of Emergency Management, and Ministry of Civil Affairs, as well as the People's Governments of Hubei Province and Wuhan City, where the virus allegedly originated.
Bella Vista LLC et al. v. People's Republic of China et al., (U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada, in Las Vegas). This lawsuit is essentially a pared-down version of Logan, asserting claims for negligence, strict liability for ultra-hazardous activity and public nuisance against the same defendants. The plaintiffs seek to certify national and Nevada classes consisting of all small businesses that suffered injury, damage and loss related to the COVID-19 outbreak.
Borque CPAs and Advisors Inc. et al. v. People's Republic of China et al., (U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, in Los Angeles). This lawsuit repeats the claims set forth in Logan and adds two additional defendants: the Wuhan Lab and the People's Liberation Army. The plaintiffs in Borque also seek to certify a nationwide and California class consisting of all small businesses that suffered financial loss due to COVID-19. All three suits allege the PRC coordinated a cover-up of the coronavirus pandemic in China generally, and in Hubei Province and the city of Wuhan in particular, causing the virus to spread around the world, including to the U.S. See also https://www.law360.com/articles/1261936?scroll=1&related=1?copied=1;
Cardiff Prestige Property Inc. et al. v. People's Republic of China et al. (U.S. District Court for the Central District of California). See also https://www.law360.com/articles/1262084?scroll=1&related=1 ;
[8]. See Republic of Argentina v. Weltover Inc.
[9]. The sources of the information in this lawsuit are often not included but, as with other lawsuits, appear to have been amassed my multiple media reports.
In light of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Braumiller Law Group, for a limited time, is offering "Flat Fee Counsel" regarding the review of potential rights and interests relative to a Force Majeure ("Act of God") section, clause or terms which may be included in one or more of your company's commercial contracts, invoices, purchase orders or insurance policies.
Please contact S. George Alfonso, Of Counsel to discuss further how you and your company can take advantage of this unique offer to review these terms to determine if additional rights are now available, for a Flat Fee. He can be reached at SGeorge@braumilllerlaw.com or by phone at (214) 878-2390.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Datasets and Ontologies
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Discussion about geometry. This forum is divided into two sub forums, creation and cleanup/defeaturing.
When I try to move a cylinder on frustum along the z axis, it is not on the surface at the frustum( but small distance apart from the frustum) towards the tapered end of the frustum. How can I do this ?


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Q: Cut Video with FFmpeg I have a video 20 muminute long time, I want to cut the first 5 minutes and 5 minutes of video finally. I have to use commands like, can help me?
I user commant here: ffmpeg -ss [start_seconds] -i [input_file] -t [duration_seconds] [outputfile] . But I think it is not right.
illustrating images

A: To cut out first 5 and last 5 minutes, use
ffmpeg -ss 300 -t 609 -i input -c copy -avoid_negative_ts make_zero output

Depending on location of keyframes, the cutpoints won't be precise. If you skip the -c copy, it will transcode, which will be a precise cut.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


amazonAppliancesRanges, Ovens ; CooktopsCooktops Why use burnham boilers? Burnham boilers are the best residential hydronic boilers around in the market today.. Winters can be really disastrous. During winter, we face many problems. Cold is the major problem one has to face during winter.
34-1115 M3CONDENSING WATER BOILER INSTALLATION ; MAINTENANCE MANUAL MODELS (400, 500, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800) WB 130 A-CBM Installation and service must be performed by a qualified service installer, service agency or the gas supplier.


I hope you like these Kay Bailey Hutchison quotes from my collection of quotes about life.
money than the government ever could.
We can be proud of our record as an international beacon of liberty.
freedom to oppressed peoples everywhere.
long-term survival of our Social Security system.
we need to take action to shore up the system.
and shoot fleeing children in the back.
and the American people understand this.
I am proud of the President's leadership.
less painful and less expensive.
that he is not saying: I am going to walk away from this.
He is saying: I am going to do the right thing.
what the people have said.
This November's election was different.
Not only did the people speak, they spoke clearly.
Texans should not be taxed on our taxes.
Our country was hit on 9/11, 2001.
Everybody in the world knows that.
but that is what we have, a different kind of enemy.
head off before a video camera and spread it out across the world.
But that has happened with the kind of enemy we are now facing.
improvise most effectively have prevailed.
as if they were great and noble.
or whether I'm a woman or a man.
Security is mostly a superstition.
nor do the children of men as a whole experience it.
in the long run than outright exposure.
Life is either a daring adventure, or nothing.
he fearful are caught as often as the bold.
the sun, the moon, and the truth.
so long as reason is left free to combat it.
and I shall move the world.
There are risks and costs to action.
if we stick to it long enough.
but no one would be old.
Pain is a difficult companion. There's no getting around that.
will lead you to the joy that you long to have.
in the midst of your challenges.
The best remedy for a short temper is a long walk.
or a quest for perfection.
for as long as we have it.
determines how long it will be until you win.
and they pass by themselves without wondering.
as long as it isn't true.
as a child and hitchhiking in college.
To those who say, "But times are different now,"
than in the 1950s, with regard to both crime and accidents.
What has changed is our attitudes.
an excuse for gathering autographs.
of outrage and probably lawsuits.
I long for a simpler time when life was taken less seriously.
One movement toward light becomes a clear signpost on a long road.
as important as you thought you were.
is not on your shoulders.
Immortality is a long shot, I admit.
But somebody has to be first.
and no man is useless while he has a friend.
I think we dream so we don't have to be apart for so long.
If we're in each other's dreams, we can be together all the time.
I shall say that life is good.
Nature puts no question and answers none which we mortals ask.
She has long ago taken her resolution.
it is never too late to start life afresh.
and is small enough to hold in one hand.
and what enormous pressure it has experienced.
Draw strength from its long history.
Thank you for visiting: Kay Bailey Hutchison Quotes and Sayings - Quotes by Kay Bailey Hutchison.


Locazione turistica Casa del Mar.1 is located in Roseto degli Abruzzi and offers a bar. This beachfront property offers access to a terrace. This apartment features 1 bedroom, a living room and a fully equipped kitchenette with an oven and a fridge. A TV is offered. Pescara is 36 km from the apartment. The nearest airport is Abruzzo Airport, 50 km from Locazione turistica Casa del Mar.1.
Please inform Locazione turistica Casa del Mar.1 in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation.


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Meet Mujeeb: A Man Using Water Hyacinths To Make Handicrafts And Provide Livelihood To Poor Women
Shaik Abdul Mujeeb is a common man in India who chose an uncommon profession of collecting weeds from water bodies and making handicrafts out of them. Ultimately, it is all about providing occupation to poor women in the Southern region of India.
On his way to college in Andhra Pradesh, Abdul noticed the enormous growth of water hyacinth in lakes. Later, he observed many ponds and lakes too were filled with these hyacinth weeds.
Abdul is very much aware of the damage caused by these weeds. Lakhs of rupees are spent every year by the government to clear these weeds, as these weeds are known to block the exit points of the water bodies. In a span of 45 days, they decay and contaminate the water making aquatic life a bit difficult to survive.
Shaik Abdul Mujeeb's journey started by collecting these plants, cut their stems, drying them in the sun and making hats out of them. During this process, he learned that a similar practice was going on in Assam too. Seeking help from the Manager of NEDFi, he visited some places in Assam and learned the art of making various handicrafts.
In October 2014, he started a social enterprise and named it Allika that provides sustainable lifestyles to poor women who beautifully handcraft various products from water hyacinths.
Allika was started initially with six women, and now is supporting 70 women. It trains them to create handicrafts from water hyacinths. A wide range of products can be created like handbags, caps, hats, baskets, home decors, dining mats and much more. These products have a shelf life of about 10 years.
'Allika' also provides an opportunity to generate income for 30 men who are employed to collect weeds from various locations of Andhra Pradesh. These people especially women raised their standard of living and also provide education to their children.
"We make sales through our Facebook page and some exhibitions in our city. We still need to meet the demand and we are trying to expand and make new products," says Abdul.
Abdul shared his future plans saying that he wants to put the entire plant of water hyacinth to use. It's roots and leaves to be used for organic manure. And also make sanitary pads from the fiber of the water hyacinth.
Related Topics:abdul mujeebagricultureallikaandhra pradeshangalkuduruashim kumar dashyacinthjagadaguntapalemMujeebMujeeb autobiographyMujeeb biographyMujeeb inspirational storypedravuruShaik Abdul Mujeebsocial entrepreneurtenaliweedwest godavari
Meet Akash Manoj: Indian Teenager Who Built A Device To Detect 'Silent Heart Attacks'
Meet Dr Gopi Nallaiyan Who Quit His Corporate Job To Help Children Fight Congenital Heart Disease
The workplace has undergone massive changes in the last century. At the turn of the Industrial Revolution, any workplace was dominated by men while the women were delegated to run the homes. However, with the advent of the internet and new and exciting technologies, workplaces have undergone a tectonic shift. Women are no longer comfortable staying at home and are instead opting to lead teams and organisations. As every year passes, we get closer to true gender equality, women have proven time and again that they are equally capable to get the job done if not better in some instances. Names like Wolfe Herd (Bumble founder,) Kylie Jenner (Kylie Cosmetics founder,) Masaba Gupta (Masaba clothing label founder) are just some of the names who are known for leading world famous brands with their unique style of leadership.
As the world celebrates International Women's Day, we bring to you five women founders who run world famous and successful startups.
1) Upasana Taku-MobiKwik
If you are an Indian and are used to doing online shopping, more often than not at the time of payment, you would be directed to a payment gateway. One of these gateways would normally be MobiKwik. The startup is a well known name in the digital payments and digital wallet space. MobiKwik was founded by Upasana Taku in 2009, who prior to founding MobiKwik used to work with PayPal. Today Upasana Taku is also in charge of bank partnerships, business operations, and talent acquisition at MobiKwik.
2) Richa Kar-Zivame
An enthusiastic MBA student, Richa Kar, developed an online lingerie shopping platform in the year 2011. Currently, Zivame is India's leading online lingerie store with a valuation of more than $ 100 million. The brilliant idea for her own lingerie business came to light when Richa tracked Victoria's Secret's sales, who was one of her clients when she was working at SAP. She observed the lingerie sales figures reached peaks overseas but, Indian women were not provided with the similar innerwear. While Richa was studying the Indian lingerie market, she realized the social embarrassment in India surrounding lingerie shopping. Today Richa Kar could be credited with destigmatising the uneasiness surrounding lingerie shopping in India.
3) Falguna Nayar-Nykaa
After a long stint as an investment banker, Falguni Nayar founded Nykaa.com in the year 2013. An online one stop shop for beauty products from Indian and international brands, Nykaa changed the world of online shopping. Who would have ever thought buying makeup online would be so easy? Falguni Nayar proved many critics wrong and created a brand new place for people who love experimenting with styles, designs and colors.
ALSO READ: Zivame: Founding Story
4) Sabina Chopra-Yatra.com
Yatra.com is a popular Indian website for making flight and hotel bookings. Sabina Chopra was instrumental in identifying the potential for travel commerce in India and people moving towards cheaper or easier travel. By the time, people started looking to make bookings, Sabina made sure Yatra.com was already in place. Sabina was the former Head of India Operations of eBookers, which is also an online travel company based in Europe. Along with this, she was also working with Japan Airlines which further adds to her experience in the travel industry.
5) Rashmi Sinha-SlideShare
SlideShare allows people to upload and access their presentations online. While this feature is presently available everywhere, SlideShare was one of the first players in making this happen. Rashmi Sinha was one of the founders of the presentation sharing platform SlideShare. The company became so successful that in 2012, LinkedIn acquired the company for an amount of $100 million.
Let us know in the comments if you know any other wonderful women who have become leaders of their right or have started up and are doing extraordinary things. We at Startup Stories wish a wonderful Women's Day to all the women in the world who are changemakers.
It is no secret that in the fast paced world of startups, fortunes can change at the snap of fingers. Sometimes startups tend to scale so quickly that they become unicorns and sometimes the fortunes reverse so quickly that a startup can immediately go bankrupt from being a unicorn. The latter was the case for an American property technology startup Knotel, who are now bankrupt due to the disruptions by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Knotel is a property technology company quite similar to WeWork. Knotel designed, built and ran custom headquarters for companies which It manages the spaces with 'flexible' terms. Knotel does a mix of direct leases and revenue sharing deals. Knotel marketed its offering as 'headquarters as a service' or a flexible office space which could be customized for each tenant while also growing or shrinking as needed. For the revenue-share agreements, Knotel solicits clients, builds out offices, and manages properties, and shares the rent paid to it by the client with the landlord. This model is the majority revenue generator for Knotel.
In March 2020, just before the COVID-19 pandemic unleashed its economic destruction on the world, Knotel was valued at $ 1.6 billion. What is even more interesting is Knotel raised $ 400 million in Series C funding in August 2019 which led to its unicorn status. However, with the COVId-19 pandemic and its consequent lockdowns and curfews by various governments across the world, startups and businesses shifted to a remote working model. This in turn led to startups pulling out of Knotel properties to cut down on working costs.
ALSO READ: Quibi : Startup With A Billion Dollar Launch To Shutting Down All In Six Months
In late March 2020, according to Forbes, Knotel laid off 30% of its workforce and furloughed another 20%, due to the impact of the coronavirus. It was at this point that Knotel was valued at $ 1.6 billion. The company had started the year with about 500 employees. By the third week of March,Knotel had a headcount of 400. With the cuts, about 200 employees remained with the other 200 having either lost their jobs or on unpaid leave, according to Forbes.
In 2021, Knotel filed for bankruptcy and agreed to sell its assets to Newmark, one of their investors for a total of $ 70 million dollars. As work culture is still undergoing changes as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic and with many companies realising that remote work model saves costs and improves work efficiency, the flexible workspace sector would continue to face challenges. Knotel is just the tip of the iceberg and is a warning call for the flexible working spaces industry.


Heraldic Bookplates in my persoanl collection.
The personal armorial bearings of Martin S. J. Goldstraw. NB these arms do not belong to those who bear the surname Goldstraw. Armorial bearings are personal and they only belong to the grantee and hsi descendants according to the law of arms.
These are scans of photographs given into my custody by Alan Fennely FHS. Some of the photographs have been taken by Alan himself and others have been handed to him by others. I have tried to provide correct attributions but it has not always been possible. Some of the locations are not listed on the reverse of the photos and others are hard to decipher.
128 images in 9 categories.


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Azelia trigonica är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Willi Hennig 1956. Azelia trigonica ingår i släktet Azelia och familjen husflugor. Arten är reproducerande i Sverige. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Husflugor
trigonica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Perfect for fans of Ellen Hopkins—a heartbreaking tale of family tragedy and drug addiction where sometimes the best intentions lead to the worst possible outcomes.
Cecelia Price killed her brother. At least, that's what the police and the district attorney are saying. Although CeCe is now locked up and forced into treatment, she knows the story is much more complicated. Cyrus wasn't always a drug-addled monster. He used to be a successful athlete, but when an injury forced Cyrus off the soccer field and onto pain medication, his life became a blur of anger, addiction, and violence.
All CeCe could do was stand by and watch, until she realized an effective way to take away her brother's drugs while earning the money she needed for college: selling the pills. Only she never expected what happened next.
The deep and raw sharing in this story makes you feel like you're choking with lead in your belly. The many truth(s) of addiction are told by a teen in an adult world — absolutely can't recommend it enough for teens and adults alike. Addressing family support and mental health are tied into addiction and addressed in this novel. The writing feels similar to Dear Sugar writing with a YA focus.


Simply having a website for your business in Houston, TX does not mean that people are going to find it easier to locate you. A website needs to be optimized in order to increase online visibility. But what does this actually mean?
Internet users use search engines to find products, services and other information that they are looking for on the Worldwide Web. These search engines rank websites in relation to a number of factors such as relevance to the search criteria, user experience and much, much more. The higher the ranking, the higher up the search results page a webpage address will appear.
Research has shown that internet users often don't look past the first results on a page, never mind the first three rankings, to find what they are looking for. This means that if your web address is not appearing in the top 10 rankings, your website is basically ineffective at attracting new business online.
This is where search engine optimization (SEO) comes in. SEO targets the criteria that search engines use to rank a website and optimizes these in an effort to improve a search engine ranking. There are a variety of different techniques that are used to do this.
The most basic and common SEO technique is content addition. New, unique, relevant and quality content should be added on a regular basis in the form of articles, blog posts, press releases, testimonials and any other type of writing. This content, as well as existing landing page content must be optimized through the use of keywords, link building, meta data, etc.
It is more than likely that your direct competition in Houston TX is using search engine optimization services. It is therefore just as important to optimize your website according to location. Simply including the name of the area in which your business is located (as well as the greater area and surrounding areas) into your regular content addition narrows the search criteria and gives you the edge for searches according to location.
Adding your business to local, national and even global search directories will also up your online visibility and increase the likelihood that people will be able to find your website online. It is important that the information on search directories is updated regularly and that it is relevant to your business.
It is also important to remember that the greatest marketing tool ever is word of mouth. In the digital age we live in, word of mouth has taken on a new persona in the form of social media. Social media marketing and management tools and techniques are therefore essential to establishing and maintaining a strong online brand reputation.
The main goal of SEO is to increase a search engine ranking in order to attract more traffic to a website. More traffic means more potential customers which translates directly into greater profits.
Search engine optimization is essential to increasing online visibility, beating out the competition and increasing profitability. To learn more about SEO consult professionals.


text:
UndieBomb 2.0: Defying the Trend
June 6, 2012 /6 Comments/in Drones, Intelligence /by emptywheel
In his story describing the lowered standards for drone strikes the other day, Greg Miller described multiple officials admitting that we're increasing the number of drone strikes in Yemen even though there's no evidence more people are "migrat[ing]" to join AQAP.
U.S. officials said the pace has accelerated [in the last five months] even though there has not been a proliferation in the number of plots, or evidence of a significantly expanded migration of militants to join AQAP.
That may conflict with John Brennan's claims that AQAP has tripled in size since the UndieBomber 1.0. It may suggest that that growth all took place before the last year. Or it may suggest–particularly given the use of the word "migration"–that these officials are distinguishing between non-Yemenis and local insurgents allying with AQAP.
Whichever it is, the NCTC just reported, last year attacks from AQAP didn't go up either–in fact, they went down slightly.
Attacks by AQ and its affiliates increased by 8 percent from 2010 to 2011. A significant increase in attacks by al-Shabaab, from 401 in 2010 to 544 in 2011, offset a sharp decline in attacks by al-Qa'ida in Iraq (AQI) and a smaller decline in attacks by al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM).
Everyone but John Brennan–who has a history of lying about drone strikes–seems to be saying that the risk from terrorism, while still real, is going down in Yemen, not up.
UndieBomb Plot 2.0, to the limited degree that it was a general plan of Ibrahim al-Asiri and not a plot from Mohammed bin Nayef, appears to defy the trend.
Which brings me to something that's been gnawing at me about the public claims about UndieBomb 2.0.
Imagine you're Ibrahim al-Asiri. A Saudi-Brit shows up, trains, impresses the trainers. He offers to do a suicide mission and–while you don't meet with him personally–the trainers decide to send him off on UndieBomb Plot 2.0. He leaves and you wait, and wait, and wait. And … nothing. That is, according to all the people complaining that the AP reported the government had thwarted a plot, what the government had intended.
If you're AQAP, wouldn't it be more suspicious hearing nothing about the guy who just walked off with your UndieBomb than hearing John Brennan boasting that he had thwarted the UndieBomb. Not bragging that the Saudis had infiltrated AQAP, which is what Brennan ended up bragging about. Just a big dog-and-pony about thwarting an attack, as the Administration did when it intercepted the toner cartridge plot.
Probably, the AP's version of the story is correct and the Administration planned a dog-and-pony show, which would have left Asiri with the impression that the Saudi-Brit was what he appeared to be, an aspiring suicide bomber that got caught.
One alternative is that UndieBomber 2.0 actually absconded with an UndieBomb, but intended to go back into AQAP and continue to collect information. I wonder, though: Giving the increasing number of targets in Yemen, you'd think it'd be at least as important to collect information about AQAP plans in Yemen as to obtain the latest UndieBomb in the guise of an attack on the US.
But I'm puzzled by the claim that the Administration wasn't going to announce they had thwarted the plot. That doesn't make sense.
Tags: Ibrahim al-Asiri, John Brennan, Mohammed bin Nayef
https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png 0 0 emptywheel https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png emptywheel2012-06-06 14:00:002012-06-06 11:13:21UndieBomb 2.0: Defying the Trend
Jim White says:
I'll toss out two possibilities:
1. It's the wrong time of year. People aren't paying that much attention now, so maybe they wanted to sit on this until the election season heats up. Say, maybe a nice Ignatius column in September.
2. Now that they are going after even more people for recent "leaks", their case is stronger if they claim they weren't going to say anything.
@Jim White: I agree they decided to claim they weren't going to say anything is CYA–though I suspect it's CYA form the Saudis, not Congress. It just shouldn't be classified.
But the Ignatius? Nice touch.
Stevie "Guitar" Miller says:
Everyone but John Brennan … seems to be saying that the risk from terrorism, while still real, is going down in Yemen, not up.
don't know who your "everyone" is, but according to this linked reuters report, its sources say the usa is "ramping up" its efforts in Yemen, in a BIG way.
As violence rises, usa "pulled" into Yemen
http://news.yahoo.com/violence-rises-u-allies-pulled-yemen-193949148.html
note the passive "pulled" – cannot resist the gravitational pull of a black hole these days.
At the recent Univ of Colorado's 64th conference on World Affairs I was able to ask Sarah Holewinski a panelist on "Bots on the ground War with out Soldiers" How many civilians have been killed by Obama drones…a "ballpark figure" I asked. Sarah could not answer. This was after she had just said that "there was no way that drone killings could be swept under the rug with a 24 hour 7 days a week news service." Sarah is executive director of CIVIC (Campaign for Innocent Victims in Conflict) She could not even give a ball park figure of those killed. She fumbled..totally fumbled. What is the point of a job or a title like this?
OT – Via the AP:
Book: military feared use of taped comments
"A new book says Justice Department prosecutors were stunned to learn three years ago that the U.S. military had secretly tape recorded incriminating comments that alleged 9/11 mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammed made to fellow detainees during daily prison yard conversations but was not planning to use them at military tribunals.
In "Kill or Capture: The War On Terror And The Soul Of The Obama Presidency," journalist Daniel Klaidman says Mohammed was caught on tape boasting to other detainees about the 9/11 attacks. According to the book, Mohammed mentioned specific pieces of evidence, documents and computer files that could be tied directly to him through his voluntary statements to other detainees at the military detention facility in Guantanamo Bay…"
I guess I'll have to get Klaidman's book.
newz4all says:
Mighty Mighty usa offers millions in bounty for Somali Islamists
The current administration will offer $33 Million in rewards for information about top members of an Islamist group in Somalia allegedly linked to al-Qaida, anonymous usa officials said Wednesday.
The rewards for seven leaders of the al-Shabab militia movement will be announced Thursday by the State Department.
The bounties will be administered by the department's Rewards for Justice program. It will be first time the program has offered rewards for members of al-Shabab, which is accused of terrorist attacks in Somalia, Uganda and Kenya.
http://news.yahoo.com/us-offers-millions-bounty-somali-islamists-005025260.html
seriously? the Mighty Mighty usa is actually SCARED of a bunch of guys from what has to be the Poorest part of the world on this planet??? (note cannot refer to Somalia as a country as it is not a country – just a wasteland.) the day that the world finally stands up to the usa's Bullying will be a sweet day.
The Banksters and the Cartels Gang Warfare to Protect Israel's Secrets


Hi - I have a serious problem where my Orbi backhaul connection to my RBS50 Satellite only appears to be connecting at 2.4 GHz which is restricting the speed of any devices connected to the satellite.
While multiple devices do connect to the satellite over 5G, their data speed caps out around 30 Mbps - due to the single 2.4 GHz backhaul connection to the router. I used to get 130 Mbps+ speeds over the satellite from the same equipment setup back when the satellite also connected with the 5 GHz backhaul link.
As a result, it's actually better for me to disconnect my RBS50 satellite from my system and go back to the single RBR50 (mesh-less) router! I get 50 Mbps ==> 100 Mbps rates to my devices that connect over 5G with the RBS50 totally removed from the system, which is better than anything that connects to the satellite with this firmware regression.
I am running the latest V2.2.1.210 firmware. I have reset both my Orbi RBR50 and RBS50 back to factory defaults and used the Orbi setup wizard to reconfigure my system. I haven't changed any of the default settings from the setup wizard, other than changing the router's DHCP server IP address range.
The backhaul used to work fine in my system, but it has apparently become broken somewhere in the intervening forced updates (not sure when).
Hi, @FURRYe38 - I have tried setting Daisy Chain to both Enabled and Disabled, but there was no noticeable difference to the 5G Backhaul connection.
@FURRYe38 - They were about 40 - 50 feet apart normally. Not a lot of heavy materials in the way obstructing the router/satellite, just one stucco & wood wall in between.
I brought the satellite into the same room as the router, so now around 15 feet apart without obstructions. I also tried changing channels as you suggested (2.4 GHz at Channel 1, 5 GHz at Channel 44).
No differences seen - the 5 GHz backhaul channel is still grayed-out on the satellite.
Can you please make a wifi scan. Can you see the "hidden" wifi networks from your router's and satellite's backhaul? Those networks have no SSID and using high 5GHz channels (usually 108 or 124). You see one such network for the router's MAC and another for the Satellite's. There are also similar hidden networks for the 2.4GHz backhaul channel but thone will be the same channel used for the fronthaul.
Can you see other networks broadcasting on the same 5GHz channels as the ones used for backhaul?
I don't see any 5GHz hidden WiFi channels active in the high 5GHz channels from my router. I do see (2) Ch 48 broadcasts listed for my main WiFi + (2) Ch 48 broadcasts listed for my Guest network, so (4) Ch 48 broadcasts total. Maybe something to do with my WiFI scanning app?
I can occasionally see my neighbor's Zyxel router broadcasting at channel 149, bu never my router..
What app are you using to do the scanning? Not sure if all scanners will see hidden networks by default.
If you have a MacBook I would recommend the built in scanner.
For iPhone -and may be Android as well- you can use the Airport Utility app. It has a built in scanner even if you don't have an Airport router.
The WiFiMan app seems to be showing a <Hidden SSID> at Channel 157 with a similar MAC address and signal strength to my Main + Guest WiFi signals at Channel 48.
So, it looks like I do have a 5 GHz backhaul channel being transmitted.
- Make sure that both the Router and Satellite are broadcasting the 5GHz backhaul networks, just to exclude any antenna fault. Please get close firt to the router and do the scan and make sure that you see the Router networks (you should see one for 5GHz and another for 2.4GHz), repeat then the same for the Satellite.
- Once you confirm this then we can try to reduce the power of the 2.4GHz backhaul channels and see if the system will then choose the 5GHz channels. My only explanation to what you expereice is that you have high disturbance on the 5GHz channels and the system prefers always to use the 2.4 GHz channels for the Backhaul. To do this we need to use Telnet.
Please note that you will not see the hidden networks from the Satellite if Daisy Chain is disabled.
That said, it seems that you have to have Daisy Chain enabled in the current.210 software for backhaul to work properly. Please check that it's enabled.
So, my RBR50 router doesn't appear to be broadcasting the 5 GHz backhaul channel.
...................So, my RBR50 router doesn't appear to be broadcasting the 5 GHz backhaul channel.
Then I think this is exactly where the problem is!
- Please repeat the scanning just to make sure that this is not an issue with the scanning app.
- If this is confirmed then this issue can either be caused by software data corruption in RBR50 or by a HW fault (antenna fault).
- Data corruption can be excluded by doing a factory reset for the Router (RBR50), which you mentioned that you did. Worths trying again.
- If data corruption is excluded then this is for sure a HW fault in the RBR50 unit (I guess it can be a loose connection to the antenna) and you need to contact Netgear to get it replaced or repaired.
I don't think I'll be sending my Orbi back to Netgear for repair - I'm waaay outside the warranty period. I bought my Orbi system a few weeks after they first became available. I may have beeen experiencing this problem since around firmware v2.0.x first was pushed out. A repair will be too expensive to justify at this point.
However, I found a free solution to my problem based on something I saw in your signature. Your setup mentions "Wired Backhaul".
When I first put together my Orbi system, I originally planned on doing a wired backhaul. I already have an RJ45 Ethernet cable near my Orbi Satellite from my initial installation. Unfortunately, it didn't work back in the early Orbi days, and I forgot about it.
So, I Googled "Orbi wired backhaul", and saw how to configure my connections. It's working great!
I am now seeing consistent 100+ Mbps data rates on the side of the house serviced by the Orbi Satellite.
While not the intended solution, I found a free and totally workable solution for my system.
Thank again for all the help!
Yes, wired backhaul is a good alternative. It's working perfectly for me.
I have 250/250 Mbps internet and I'm getting almost full speed everywhere in the house from devices connected to the Router or to the Satellite.
I would contact NG support and get help and information on this. If you feel the system is not working correctly, Ask for an RMA. Sounds like you need one.


Sophie Watson has been dubbed the state's "brainiest" student, after winning Queensland's Brain Bee Challenge on Tuesday.
The 14-year-old from Sommerville House outsmarted the 170 finalists in the competition, which was hosted by UQ's Queensland Brain Institute and tests students on anatomy and neuroscience.
Brain Bee Challenge winner Sophie Watson.
Sophie will now turn her focus to the national championships and hopefully the Brain Bee world finals next year.
"I definitely want to do science in university and probably biological sciences. I am really interested in neuroscience, so hopefully I could go on to do something like that," she said.
After making it to the final round of the competition, Sophie and 10 others entered a final brainy battle round where they were quizzed in front of an audience.
Sophie sealed the win when she was correctly able to identify which disease affects the nervous system, causes weakness and is twice as common in female as it is in males.
The answer is autoimmune neuromuscular disease Myasthenia Gravis.
Sophie follows in the footsteps of fellow Sommerville House student Eva Wang, who won the Queensland and national competition last year.


Read #ZENDOSE on twitter @Drkevinrod for daily reminders about ways to increase your inner peace. The most precious state of mind one can attain is increased inner peace. Many emotional states are caused by negative thinking. Tension, fatigue and hopelessness may arise from negative thoughts and feelings. Research has shown that a short daily practice of positive thinking, being present in the moment and observing events can improve the general wellbeing in many different ways. #ZENDOSE is updated daily and if you read one message a day and reflect on it for a few minutes, your way of thinking will get used to the positive way instead of negative thinking.


text:
Angel Goodrich (born February 24, 1990) is an American former professional basketball player, who played for the Tulsa Shock and Seattle Storm in the WNBA.

Background and family
Goodrich was born in Glendale, Arizona to Jonathan and Fayth (Goodrichard) Lewis. Jonathan is African-American; Fayth is Native American (Cherokee). Goodrich herself is an enrolled member of the Cherokee Nation.

Goodrich has two siblings, an older brother Zach Goodrich, and a younger sister Nikki Lewis. Lewis played college basketball for the Tabor Bluejays.

High school
Goodrich attended Sequoyah High School in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, where she was the first Division I  athletic scholarship recipient in the school's history. During her 4 years at the Cherokee-operated school, she lettered in basketball, softball and track and field, and earned All-State honors as a sprinter. She also led the school's basketball team, the Sequoyah Lady Indians, to three consecutive Class AAA state titles.

College
Goodrich played her college basketball for the Kansas Jayhawks at the University of Kansas. In her freshman year, she tore the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in her left knee, causing her to miss the entire season. The following year she tore the ACL in her right knee after only 15 games. Despite these setbacks, she still scored over 1,000 career points for KU, and became the Jayhawks' all-time career assists leader. Her assists total of 771  ranks as the third-highest in Big 12 Conference history.

In her senior year, Goodrich was a finalist for the Naismith Award, Wade Trophy, Wooden Award, Nancy Lieberman Award, and the USBWA Ann Meyers Drysdale Award. She also earned First Team All-Big 12 honors, and was a member of the WBCA All-Region 5 Team.

Kansas  statistics

Source

Professional career
In 2013, Goodrich was selected in the third round of the WNBA draft (29th pick overall) by the Tulsa Shock. At the time she was the highest-drafted Native American player in the history of the WNBA. During the 2013–14 off-season, she played for Chevakata Vologda in the Russian Premier League. In 2014, she completed her second and final season for the Shock. In 2015, she was picked up on waivers by the Seattle Storm. In September 2015 Goodrich registered the first double-double (12 points, 10 rebounds) in her three-year WNBA career. Angel then went on to play half a season in Russia and a full season in Poland after she was let go from Seattle in 2016. Goodrich then turned her attention to teaching Native American youth at a basketball camp to help prepare them for playing at a collegiate level.

WNBA career statistics

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2013
| style="text-align:left;"| Tulsa
| 31 || 16 || 21.9 || .423 || .250 || .545 || 1.8 || 2.9|| 1.2 || 0.1 || 1.7 || 4.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2014
| style="text-align:left;"| Tulsa
| 28|| 0|| 6.5 || .500 || .500 || .571 || 0.4|| 0.8 || 0.3 || 0.0 || 0.7 || 1.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2015
| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle
| 23|| 5|| 15.8 || .408 || .300 || .500 || 1.7|| 3.0 || 0.6 || 0.0 || 1.2 || 3.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Career
| style="text-align:left;"|3 years, 2 teams
| 82 || 21|| 14.9|| .426 || .273 || .538 || 1.3 || 2.2 || 0.7 || 0.0 || 1.2 || 2.9

See also

 Tahnee Robinson

References

External links

Chevakata Vologda stats at FIBAEUROPE.com
College profile at kuathletics.com

1990 births
21st-century Native Americans
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Russia
American women's basketball players
Basketball players from Oklahoma
Cherokee Nation sportspeople
Kansas Jayhawks women's basketball players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Native American basketball players
Native American sportspeople
Parade High School All-Americans (girls' basketball)
Sportspeople from Glendale, Arizona
People from Tahlequah, Oklahoma
Seattle Storm players
Tulsa Shock draft picks
Tulsa Shock players
Guards (basketball)
21st-century Native American women
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American sportspeople
Black Native American people


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