text:
\section{Introduction}

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has received much hype due to its promise to effectively utilize the wireless spectrum. NOMA works by allowing users to share the same temporal/ spatial resources while the receiving side carries out successive interference cancellation (SIC) \cite{8648865,8644111}. On the other hand, cooperative communications can help by improving the system capacity, extend the coverage area and achieve a higher degree of freedom with single antenna nodes. Thus, the idea of user cooperation in NOMA has attracted much interest due to its applications in 5G and has given birth to an important research topic called the cooperative NOMA. It was first proposed in \cite{7117391} wherein, a user with the stronger channel decodes the message and then assist by relaying the message to the far NOMA user.

Despite substantial improvements in terms of spectral efficiency, the research work on energy efficient cooperative NOMA schemes is still at infancy stage. To that end, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has drawn much research interest due to the ability of RF signals to transfer information and energy at the receiver \cite{diamantoulakis2017joint}. Thus, applications of SWIPT in NOMA have been studied from the perspective of outage performance, cooperation, and energy harvesting (EH) efficiency \cite{ding2016relay}. However, owing to the dual function of RF signal and broadcast nature of NOMA, the transmission from source to destination can be eavesdropped by a malicious user. More specifically, the EH receivers can intercept the confidential information being exchanged between legitimate users. In order to provide security to the low-powered devices, physical layer security (PLS) has been introduced as an alternative to computation heavy cryptographic techniques \cite{8103768}. PLS techniques can improve the secrecy performance of wireless networks by means of cooperative relaying, jamming and multiple-antenna beamforming.

In \cite{liu2016cooperative}, the authors proposed energy and spectral efficient protocol by combining NOMA with SWIPT. They showed that the proposed scheme does not jeopardize the diversity gain of the edge users while enabling the cell-center users to self-power themselves. In \cite{diamantoulakis2017joint}, Diamantoulakis \emph{et al.} consider downlink and uplink multiple access protocols for SWIPT systems. In particular, they investigate the performance in the downlink for NOMA and time division multiple access (TDMA), while for uplink conditions they consider NOMA with time sharing. These works were extended for multiple-input-single-output (MISO) NOMA for hybrid time switching and power-splitting SWIPT architecture in \cite{do2018improving}. They also derived tight closed-form expressions of the outage probability and demonstrated the superiority of cooperative NOMA over conventional NOMA and OMA systems. Besides these developments, few investigations have been conducted for improving the secrecy performance of NOMA using SWIPT. The authors of \cite{8171177} maximized the secrecy sum rate by optimizing the allocated power. Closed-form expression of optimal power-splitting ratio was derived and it was shown that the proposed method outperforms the uniform power allocation methodology. In \cite{8333737}, Zhou \emph{et al}. proposed a cooperative jamming technique for energy harvesting multiple-input-single-output (MISO)-NOMA cognitive radio systems. The authors claimed that the proposed scheme for NOMA outperforms the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme in terms of power efficiency.

Of late, deep learning has emerged as a key technique for improving the performance of wireless networks. Deep learning is a part of machine learning consisting of multiple hidden layers \cite{lecun2015deep}. More specifically, in contrast to shallow machine learning methods, deep learning has multiple intermediate layers of neurons between input and output layers. At each hidden layer, the weighted sum of the previous layers are updated and an activation function is applied \cite{nair2010rectified}. The authors of \cite{hinton2006fast} first proposed the idea that deep learning is an important and powerful tool for handling non-linear and complex problems. Some other works considered deep learning for the physical layer, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, and channel coding \cite{gruber2017deep,wang2017deep}. This positive trend also attracted much-needed attention to multiple access schemes. Thus, the authors of \cite{kim2018deep} optimized the sparse code multiple access (SCMA) scheme using deep learning. To do so, they developed a strategy for selecting the codebook which minimizes the bit error rate (BER) while using the minimum amount of computation time. Another important study that integrates orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and deep learning was conducted by the authors of \cite{ye2018power}. It was shown that the deep learning approach performs best for signal detection and channel estimation. More recently, the authors of \cite{gui2018deep} used long short-term memory (a branch of supervised deep learning) for data detection in uplink NOMA. They showed that the deep learning based NOMA scheme is more reliable as compared to conventional hard-decision optimization solutions.

So far, it has become evident that the work on secrecy performance of energy harvesting cooperative NOMA systems is very limited. Moreover, the work on deep learning approaches for physical layer security of NOMA is non-existent. Therefore, in order to advance this promising field of wireless communications, we consider a scenario where energy harvesting cooperative NOMA users communicate in the presence of an energy harvesting eavesdropper. We derive the analytical expression of intercept probability of DF energy harvesting cooperative NOMA system which, according to the authors' best knowledge, has not been derived in the literature. We also optimize the secrecy performance of the system by using deep learning for finding the optimal value of the power allocation factor. The results of deep learning approaches are then compared with benchmark iterative search algorithms. It has been shown that the deep learning based NOMA scheme is robust and computationally lightweight.

The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section II provides details of the system model. In Section III, the analytical results for intercept probability are provided. In Section IV, deep learning based neural network model is discussed. Section V provides numerical results and their relevant discussion. In Section VI, some concluding remarks are provided.

\section{System Model}
Let us consider a cooperative relaying system consisting of a source (S), and two destinations ($U_N$ and $U_F$) in the presence of an eavesdropper (E) as shown in Figure \ref{fig:block}. The nodes $U_N$, $U_F$ and E are able to decode information and harvest energy from the received RF signal. It is assumed that $U_N$, $U_F$ and E have the channel state information (CSI) of their corresponding links, whereas, S being the source has the CSI of all the nodes. The channel gains from S $\to U_N$, S $\to U_F$, S $\to$ E and $U_N$ $\to$ E are assumed to be Rayleigh distributed and given as $h_{SU_{N}}$, $h_{SU_{F}}$, $h_{SE}$, $h_{U_{N}E}$, respectively.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
        \includegraphics[trim={0 6cm 0 0},clip,width=0.45\textwidth]{block.eps}
        \caption{System model.}
    \label{fig:block}
\end{figure}

The transmission takes place in two time slots. In the first phase, S transmits the superimposed message $\sqrt[]{\alpha
_{N}P}s_{N}+\sqrt[]{\alpha _{F}P}s_{F}$ to $U_N$ and $U_F$, where $s_{i}$ and $\alpha _{i}$ are the data symbol and power allocation coefficient of $i$-th destination and $P$ denotes the total transmit power. It is assumed that $h_{SU_{N}}>h_{SU_{F}}$, hence the power allocation factor should satisfy $\alpha _{N}<\alpha _{F}$, where $\alpha _{N}+\alpha _{F}=1$. The nodes $U_N$, $U_F$ and E are assumed to use the power-splitting receiver architecture for ID and EH. According to power-splitting architecture, the received power is split into two power streams by a
power-splitting factor $\rho$ for EH and $(1-\rho )$ for ID, where $0<\rho <1$. The received signal at $U_N$, $U_F$ and E during the first time slot can be written as

\begin{align}
y_{SU_{N}}^{(1)}&=\sqrt[]{(1-\rho _{N,1})}(\sqrt[]{\alpha
_{N}P}s_{N}+\sqrt[]{\alpha _{F}P}s_{F})h_{SU_{N}}+n_{SU_{N}},\\
y_{SU_{F}}^{(1)}&=\sqrt[]{(1-\rho _{F,1})}(\sqrt[]{\alpha
_{N}P}s_{N}+\sqrt[]{\alpha _{F}P}s_{F})h_{SU_{F}}+n_{SU_{F}},\\
y_{SE}^{(1)}&=\sqrt[]{(1-\rho _{E,1})}(\sqrt[]{\alpha
_{N}P}s_{N}+\sqrt[]{\alpha _{F}P}s_{F})h_{SE}+n_{SE},
\end{align}
where $\rho _{N,1}$, $\rho _{F,1}$, $\rho _{E,1}$ denote power-splitting factor at $U_N$, $U_F$ and E during first phase. Also, $n_{SU_{N}}$, $n_{SU_{F}}$, $n_{SE}$ represent the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with zero mean and $N_{0}$ variance. The node $U_N$ first decodes its own symbol $s_{N}$ by treating $s_{F}$ as interference. After obtaining $s_{N}$, $U_N$ cancels its own signal by using successive interference cancellation (SIC) to get $s_{F}$. The received signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for symbols $s_{N}$ and $s_{F}$ can be, respectively, given as

\begin{align}
{\gamma }_{SU_{N}}^{(1)}&=\frac{(1-\rho _{N,1})\vert h_{SU_{N}}\vert
^{2}\alpha _{F}P}{(1-\rho _{N,1})\vert h_{SU_{N}}\vert ^{2}\alpha
_{N}P+N_{0}},\\
\gamma _{SU_{N}}^{(2)}&=\frac{(1-\rho _{N,1})\vert h_{SU_{N}}\vert ^{2}\alpha
_{N}P}{N_{0}}.
\end{align}

The far user, $U_F$, treats the $s_{N}$ as interference. Then the received SINR at $U_F$ can be written as

\begin{align}
{\gamma }_{SU_{F}}^{(1)}=\frac{(1-\rho _{F,1})\vert h_{SU_{F}}\vert
^{2}\alpha _{F}P}{(1-\rho _{F,1})\vert h_{SU_{F}}\vert ^{2}\alpha
_{N}P+N_{0}}.
\end{align}

It is assumed that the link between the source and near user is secure and the eavesdropper tries to decode the information signal of the far user. In order to decode $s_{F}$, the eavesdropper treats $s_{N}$ as noise. Hence, the SINR at E can be expressed as

\begin{align}
{\gamma }_{SE}^{(1)}=\frac{(1-\rho _{E,1})\vert h_{SE}\vert ^{2}\alpha
_{F}P}{(1-\rho _{E,1})\vert h_{SE}\vert ^{2}\alpha _{N}P+N_{0}}.
\end{align}

In the second phase, $U_N$ transmits the decoded symbol $s_{F}$ to $U_F$ with power $P$. Assuming that $U_N$ can perfectly decode $s_{F}$and use all harvested energy $\frac{E_{N}}{T}=\rho _{N,1}\eta P\vert h_{SU_{N}}\vert ^{2}$ during first phase to transmit $s_{F}$ to $U_F$, the received SNR at $U_F$ can be given as

\begin{align}
\gamma _{U_{N}U_{F}}^{(2)}=\frac{(1-\rho _{F,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta \vert
h_{SU_{N}}\vert ^{2}\vert h_{U_{N}U_{F}}\vert ^{2}P}{N_{0}}.
\end{align}

Similarly, the received SNR at E during the second phase can be given as

\begin{align}
\gamma _{U_{N}E}^{(2)}=\frac{(1-\rho _{E,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta \vert
h_{SU_{N}}\vert ^{2}\vert h_{U_{N}E}\vert ^{2}P}{N_{0}}.
\end{align}

\section{Intercept Probability}

In this section, we derive the analytical expression of intercept probability for the considered case. An intercept event occurs when the
achievable secrecy rate $C_{\sec }$ falls below 0 \cite{8103768}. The achievable secrecy rate is the difference between the rates of the main and wiretap links i.e. $C_{\sec }=\lbrack C_{s}-C_{e}\rbrack ^{+}$.

Since we consider DF protocol at $U_N$, therefore, the SNR will be determined by the bottleneck link between S and $U_F$ and $U_N$ to
$U_F$ is given as $\gamma _{S}^{DF}=\min({\gamma }_{SU_{F}}^{(1)},\gamma _{U_{N}U_{F}}^{(2)})$ while the achievable rate for the link S $\to U_N \to U_F$ is given as $C_{s}^{DF}=\frac{1}{2}\log _{2}(1+\gamma _{S}^{DF})$. The eavesdropper is assumed to select the best messages received during first and second phase given as $\gamma _{E}^{DF}=\max ({\gamma}_{SE}^{(1)},\gamma _{U_{N}E}^{(2)})$. Therefore, the achievable rate
for wiretap links can be given as $C_{e}=\frac{1}{2}\log _{2}(1+\gamma _{E}^{DF})$. Now the intercept probability can be given as

\begin{align}
P_{int}^{DF}=\Pr\left\{ \frac{1}{2}\log _{2}\left(\frac{1+\min ({\gamma
}_{SU_{F}}^{(1)},\gamma _{U_{N}U_{F}}^{(2)})}{1+\max ({\gamma
}_{SE}^{(1)},\gamma _{U_{N}E}^{(2)})}\right)<0\right\}.
\label{eq_1}
\end{align}

Assuming $X=\min ({\gamma }_{SU_{F}}^{(1)},\gamma _{U_{N}U_{F}}^{(2)})$ and $Y=\max ({\gamma }_{SE}^{(1)},\gamma
_{U_{N}E}^{(2)})$, we can re-write \ref{eq_1} as
\begin{align}
P_{int}^{DF}&=\Pr\lbrack X<Y\rbrack \nonumber \\
&=\int_{0}^{\infty }{F_{X}(y)}f_{Y}(y)dy.
\label{eq_2}
\end{align}

The Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) can be found as

\begin{align}
F_{X}(x)=1-(1-F_{{\gamma }_{SU_{F}}^{(1)}}(x))(1-F_{\gamma
_{U_{N}U_{F}}^{(2)}}(x)).
\label{eq_3}
\end{align}

In the above equation, we obtain

\begin{align}
F_{{\gamma }_{SU_{F}}^{(1)}}(x)&=\Pr\left(\frac{(1-\rho _{F,1})\vert
h_{SU_{F}}\vert ^{2}\alpha _{F}P}{(1-\rho _{F,1})\vert h_{SU_{F}}\vert
^{2}\alpha _{N}P+N_{0}}<x\right)\nonumber \\
&=1-\exp\left\{ -\frac{x}{\Omega _{SU_{F}}(1-\rho _{F,1})(\alpha
_{F}-\alpha _{N}x)}\right\} \nonumber \\
&=1-\frac{\Gamma \left(m,\lambda \frac{x}{(1-\rho _{F,1})(\alpha _{F}-\alpha
_{N}x)}\right)}{\Gamma (m)},
\end{align}
where $\lambda _{SU_{F}}=\frac{m}{\Omega _{SU_{F}}}$ and $\Omega _{SU_{F}}=\frac{PE\lbrace \vert h_{SU_{F}}\vert ^{2}\rbrace }{N_{0}}$. The CDF of $\gamma _{U_{N}U_{F}}^{(2)}$ depends on the event that near user has successfully decoded the symbol of the far user. In this case, the CDF of $\gamma _{U_{N}U_{F}}^{(2)}$ can be expressed as

\begin{align}
F_{\gamma _{U_{N}U_{F}}^{(2)}}(x)=\Pr\biggl(\frac{(1-\rho _{N,1})\vert
h_{SU_{N}}\vert ^{2}\alpha _{F}P}{(1-\rho _{N,1})\vert h_{SU_{N}}\vert
^{2}\alpha _{N}P+N_{0}}>x \nonumber \\
,\frac{(1-\rho _{F,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta \vert
h_{SU_{N}}\vert ^{2}\vert h_{U_{N}U_{F}}\vert ^{2}P}{N_{0}}<x\biggr).
\end{align}

Assuming $X_{1}=\vert h_{SU_{N}}\vert ^{2}$and $X_{2}=\vert
h_{U_{N}U_{F}}\vert ^{2}$ we get

\begin{align}
F_{\gamma _{U_{N}U_{F}}^{(2)}}(x)&=\underbrace{\int_{\Theta}^{\infty
}{f_{X_{1}}(x_{1})dx_{1}}}_{\Psi
_{1}} \nonumber \\
&-\underbrace{\int_{\Theta}^{\infty }{\bar{F}_{X_{2}}\left(\frac{N_{0}x}{(1-\rho _{F,2})\rho
_{N,1}\eta Px_{1}}\right)f_{X_{1}}(x_{1})dx_{1}}}_{\Psi _{2}},
\end{align}

where $\bar{F}(.)$ is the complementary CDF, $\Theta=\frac{x}{(1-\rho _{N,1})(\alpha _{F}-\alpha
_{N}x)}$, and $\Psi _{1}=\frac{\Gamma (m,\lambda \Theta)}{\Gamma (m)}$.

\begin{align}
\Psi _{2}&=\lambda _{SU_{N}}^{m}\int_{\Theta}^{\infty }{\sum_{s=0}^{m-1}{\frac{1}{s!\Gamma
(m)}\left(\frac{\lambda _{U_{N}U_{F}}x}{(1-\rho _{F,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta
}\right)^{s}}}\frac{1}{(x_{1})^{s+1-m}} \nonumber \\
&\times \exp\biggl(-\frac{(\lambda _{SU_{N}}(1-\rho _{F,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta
(x_{1})^{2})}{(1-\rho
_{N,1})\alpha _{N}(1-\rho _{F,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta x_{1}} \nonumber \\
&-\frac{(\lambda _{U_{N}U_{F}}x(1-\rho _{N,1})\alpha _{N})}{(1-\rho
_{N,1})\alpha _{N}(1-\rho _{F,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta x_{1}}
\biggr)dx_{1}
\end{align}

\begin{align}
&\Psi _{2}=(-1)^{s-m+1}\left\{\frac{\lambda _{SU_{N}}(1-\rho _{F,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta
}{(1-\rho _{N,1})\alpha _{N}(1-\rho _{F,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta
}\right\}^{s-m} \nonumber \\
&\times Ei\left(-\frac{\lambda _{SU_{N}}(1-\rho _{F,2})
x}{(1-\rho _{N,1})\alpha _{N}(1-\rho _{F,2})(1-\rho _{N,1})(\alpha
_{F}-\alpha _{N}x)}\right) \nonumber \\
&\times \frac{1}{(s-m)!}+\left(\frac{\lambda _{SU_{N}}(1-\rho _{F,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta }{(1-\rho
_{N,1})\alpha _{N}(1-\rho _{F,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta }\right)^{k} \nonumber \\
&\times \left(\frac{x}{(1-\rho
_{N,1})(\alpha _{F}-\alpha _{N}x)}\right)^{k} \frac{\exp\left(-\frac{\lambda _{SU_{N}}x}{(1-\rho _{N,1})\alpha _{N}}\right)}{\left(\frac{x}{(1-\rho _{N,1})(\alpha _{F}-\alpha
_{N}x)}\right)^{s-m}}\nonumber \\
&\times \sum_{k=0}^{s-m-1}{\frac{(-1)^{k}}{(s-m)(s-m-1)\ldots
(s-m-k)}}.
\end{align}

Now we find $F_{Y}(y)=\max ({\gamma }_{SE}^{(1)},\gamma
_{U_{N}E}^{(2)})$ which is given as

\begin{align}
F_{Y}(y)=F_{{\gamma }_{SE}^{(1)}}(y)F_{\gamma _{U_{N}E}^{(2)}}(y)
\end{align}

where $F_{{\gamma }_{SE}^{(1)}}(y)=1-\exp\lbrack -\frac{y}{\Omega _{SE}(1-\rho _{E,1})(\alpha _{F}-\alpha _{N}y)}\rbrack$ and $F_{\gamma _{U_{N}E}^{(2)}}(y)=1-\frac{y}{\Omega _{SU_{N}}\Omega_{U_{N}E}(1-\rho _{E,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta }$. Now by differentiating $F_{Y}(y)$ we obtain

\begin{align}
f_{Y}(y)=\Phi _{1}\left[-1+\exp\left\{ -\frac{y}{\Omega _{SE}(1-\rho _{E,1})(\alpha _{F}-\alpha _{N}y)}\right\} \right] \nonumber \\
+\frac{\alpha _{F}(1-\Phi _{1}y)\exp\left\{ -\frac{y}{\Omega _{SE}(1-\rho _{E,1})(\alpha _{F}-\alpha _{N}y)}\right\} }{\Omega _{SE}(1-\rho _{E,1})(\alpha _{F}-\alpha _{N}y)^{2}},
\label{eq_4}
\end{align}

where $\Phi _{1}=\frac{1}{\Omega _{SU_{N}}\Omega _{U_{N}E}(1-\rho _{E,2})\rho _{N,1}\eta }$ and $\Phi _{2}=\frac{1}{\Omega _{SE}(1-\rho_{E,1})(\alpha _{F}-\alpha _{N}y)}$. By replacing (\ref{eq_3}) and (\ref{eq_4}) in (\ref{eq_2}), we note that a closed-form solution for the integral is mathematically intractable. Still, the intercept probability can be easily obtained by solving the single integral using any computational software.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
        \includegraphics[trim={0 6cm 0 0},clip,width=0.5\textwidth]{fig_block.eps}
        \caption{A typical deep neural network with input, output and multiple hidden layers.}
    \label{figblock}
\end{figure}

\section{Deep Learning Based Optimization}

In this section, we are going to present a deep learning based resource allocation scheme for optimizing the achievable secrecy rate of the far user. We employ neural networks to learn the relationship between inputs and outputs and predict the optimal power allocation factor that maximizes the achievable secrecy rate. To do so, we carefully train our multi-layer artificial neural network, whereby, each layer consists of multiple neurons as illustrated in Figure \ref{figblock}. We show in the numerical results section that the computational efficiency of artificial neural networks is one of the highlights of deep learning models. After the model has been trained on a set of inputs, the testing (i.e., the real-time running phase) involves only nonlinear transformations and vector multiplications without compromising the performance.

\subsection{Problem Formulation}

We now try to optimize the secrecy performance of the far user due to it being most vulnerable to eavesdropping attack. Considering the worst-case scenario\footnote{We consider that the CSI of the eavesdropper is not available at the source due to which the achievable rate of eavesdropper cannot be calculated.}, the legitimate receivers have no option but to maximize their own achievable rate. By this approach, maximizing the achievable rate would result in maximizing the secrecy rate as well since the secrecy rate is the difference between the rate of legitimate link and the rate of wiretap link. Under this condition, the optimization problem of the achievable rate becomes equivalent to

\begin{align}
\max_{\alpha_F>0.5} C_{sec} \equiv \max_{\alpha_F>0.5}  \frac{1}{2}\log _{2}\left(\min ({\gamma
}_{SU_{F}}^{(1)},\gamma _{U_{N}U_{F}}^{(2)})\right).
\label{eqrq}
\end{align}

However, the second term (i.e., $\gamma _{U_{N}U_{F}}^{(2)}$) in (\ref{eqrq}) does not contain power allocation factor $\alpha_F$. Thus, the optimization problem can be re-formulated as $\max_{\alpha_F>0.5} \log_2(1+{\gamma }_{SU_{F}}^{(1)})$.

\subsection{Deep Learning Network Setup}

Our neural network consists of multiple hidden layers and a single input and output layer. The main reason for using multiple hidden layers is to avoid under-fitting of test data while maintaining a sufficient level of complexity. Moreover, by utilizing multiple hidden layers, the complex interplay of inputs and outputs can be understood by the network during the learning phase. In our case, the inputs are the channel realizations and the outputs are the power allocation factors of the far user. For each channel realization, we take samples from the Rayleigh distribution while fixing all the other parameters. These values are generated for training and validation datasets that are fed into the network during the training phase.

At each hidden layer, we use rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function. Mathematically, the ReLU activation function is represented as

\begin{align}
z=\max(y,0),
\end{align}
where $z$ denotes the output of the activation function and $y$ is the input of the function. We have used mean square error as the cost function and apply the mini-batch algorithm on the training data samples for calculating the gradients.

\section{Numerical Results}

This section provides numerical results and relevant discussion. It is worth mentioning that the analytical and simulation results have been generated using MATLAB, whereas, the deep learning optimization is performed in Python 3.6.7. Unless stated otherwise, the parameters used for generation of plots are as follows: $\rho _{N,1}=\rho _{N,2}=\rho _{E,1}=\rho _{E,2}=\rho _{F,1}=\rho _{F,2}=\rho=0.3$, $\Omega=5$dB, decay rate = 0.9, training samples = 30000, test samples= 6000, and epochs=100.

Figure \ref{fig11} illustrates the intercept probability against different values of transmit SNR. It can be seen that the intercept probability decreases with an increase in the values of $\Omega$. As anticipated, the values of $\eta$ also have a prominent impact on the intercept probability. Strictly speaking, the intercept probability generally increases with a reduction in the values of $\eta$. However, the separation between the curves of $\eta$ grows as the value of transmitting SNR increases. This shows that a low energy harvesting efficiency is more harmful at higher values of SNR, giving rise to a higher intercept probability. In addition to this, we note that at higher values of $\alpha_F$, the intercept probability significantly increases. This is partly because of the low power allocation to the near cooperative user. At lower values of the power allocation factor, decoding the message of the far user becomes difficult for the near cooperating user. It can also be seen that the simulation results closely follow the analytical result which validates the derived expression.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
        \includegraphics[trim={0 0cm 0 0},clip,width=0.45\textwidth]{fig11.eps}
        \caption{Intercept probability versus transmit SNR.}
    \label{fig11}
\end{figure}

To further highlight the impact of a power-splitting factor, Figure \ref{fig22} shows the intercept probability as a function of $\rho$. It can be observed that the intercept probability generally increases with an increase in the value of the power-splitting factor. This trend can be attributed to the low amount of energy reserved for information decoding which makes it difficult to maintain cooperation among near and far users. Evidently, the increasing values of $\eta$ causes intercept probability to decreases. However, the power allocation factors for near and far users have shown different trends as the value of $\rho$ changes. Precisely, we note that at lower values of power-splitting factors, the separation between the curves of $\alpha_F=0.9$ and $\alpha_F=0.6$ is quite large. But, as the values of the power-splitting factor increase, the difference between the curves becomes smaller. This shows that the impact of power allocation factors of NOMA reduces at higher values of a power-splitting factor.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
        \includegraphics[trim={0 0cm 0 0},clip,width=0.45\textwidth]{fig22.eps}
        \caption{Intercept probability against power-splitting factor.}
    \label{fig22}
\end{figure}

In Figure \ref{fig_two}, we have demonstrated the optimization results for the deep learning approach. Here, ``Optimal-Iterative'' refers to the optimal results achieved through iterative search scheme, ``DL'' denotes the results for deep learning approach, and ``Random'' represents the results for random power allocation factor generated using uniform distribution. Figure \ref{fig_two}(a) shows the results for achievable secrecy rate against the increasing values of the power-splitting factor. As shown in this plot, the larger values of the power-splitting factor reduce the achievable secrecy capacity as more power is reserved for energy harvesting. It can be seen that the deep learning approach strictly follows the optimal results, while always achieving the accuracy of more than 90\%. By contrast, the random power allocation achieves a very low secrecy capacity. To further highlight the robustness of the deep learning approach, Figure \ref{fig_two}(b) plots the results for computation time against different values of $\rho$. For this case, the deep learning approach performs significantly better than that of iterative search. This shows that once trained, the deep learning models can provide a lightweight solution to achieve optimal results.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{cc}
        \includegraphics[trim={0 0cm 0 0},clip,width=0.35\textwidth]{two_figaa.eps} \\
        (a) \\
        \includegraphics[trim={0 0cm 0 0},clip,width=0.35\textwidth]{two_figbb.eps} \\
        (b)
        \end{tabular}
        \caption{Performance comparison (a) achievable secrecy rate versus $\rho$ (b) Computation time versus $\rho$. The neural network contain 02 hidden layers: Layer 1 = 200 neurons, and Layer 2 = 100 neurons. \vspace{-2cm}}
    \label{fig_two}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{c}
        \includegraphics[trim={0 0cm 0 0},clip,width=0.35\textwidth]{five_figaa.eps} \\
        (a) \\
        \includegraphics[trim={0 0cm 0 0},clip,width=0.35\textwidth]{five_figbb.eps} \\
        (b)
        \end{tabular}
        \caption{Performance comparison (a) achievable secrecy rate versus $\rho$ (b) Computation time versus $\rho$. The neural network contain 05 hidden layers: Layer 1 = 200 neurons, Layer 2 = 100 neurons, Layer 3 = 50 neurons, Layer 4 = 30 neurons, and Layer 5 = 10 neurons. }
    \label{fig_five}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{fig_five} emphasizes the suitable number of layers for the neural network but plotting achievable secrecy rate and computation time for 05 hidden layers. It can be seen in Figure \ref{fig_five}(a) that the separation between deep learning and iterative approach slightly increases. We attribute this increase to over-fitting of data during the training phase. This results in causing the neural network to memorize the training set. However, when new testing data is presented, the network fails to generalize the results. This increase in a number of hidden layers also affects the computation time, as shown in Figure \ref{fig_five}(b). Specifically, we observe that the computation time of deep learning approach considerably increases as compared to Figure \ref{fig_two}(b). This increase in computation time is due to the increase in the number of hidden layers and in the total number of neurons in the neural network.
\vspace{-0.2cm}
\section{Conclusion}

This study provides secrecy analysis and deep learning optimization of SWIPT-based cooperative NOMA systems. We derive the analytical expression of the intercept probability when near user act as a cooperative node in the presence of an eavesdropper. We have shown that the impact of power allocation factors of NOMA reduces at higher values of the power-splitting factor. Moreover, we have shown that deep learning approach is more robust and computationally efficient as compared to conventional iterative search approach. In the future, we aim to use deep learning for optimizing the secrecy performance of cooperative NOMA systems under colluding eavesdroppers.
\vspace{-0.3cm}
\section*{Acknowledgment}
This work is partially supported by the National Key R \& D Plan (2017YFC0803403), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61371188) and the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (2018GN051).

\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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The Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute in the heart of Bangkok, Thailand, is a snake farm and museum operated by the Red Cross which specializes in the education, production, and research of anti-venom.
The institute originally began as a facility to study rabies and smallpox vaccines, but has shifted its focus towards reptilian poisons. Within walking distance of Bangkok's biggest shopping district, thirty-five species of venomous snakes are kept in both indoor and outdoor enclosures. The facility also houses several species of other dangerous reptiles, amphibians, and insects. The purpose here is not titillation but education. The Institute creates most of the region's antivenin, which is used to treat snakebite victims, and in the process they seek to share their knowledge about these frightening, but fascinating, creatures.
The museum contains two floors of snakes with accompanying information about their species and habitat. On the third floor there are preserved examples of snakeskin and skeletons. There is even a viewing area where, if you come at the right time, you can view the process of venom extraction.
A museum in a law office, filled with authentic and counterfeit goods.


text:
Search The Missouri Times
CAPITOL CALENDAR
Greitens declares State of Emergency; faces first major test as governor
By Travis Zimpfer on January 12, 2017
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. – Gov. Eric Greitens will face one of the first big challenges during his term in office as the state braces for a heavy winter storm this weekend. Meteorologists anticipate the storm will bring up to an inch of ice to some parts of the state.
With almost the entire state under an ice storm warning, courtesy of the National Weather Service, Greitens announced a State of Emergency Thursday afternoon from the situation room of the State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) in Jefferson City.
After much more minor, but unexpected, ice storms paralyzed Mid-Missouri and St. Louis a few weeks ago, Greitens said the state would be prepared in the face of much worse storms.
"We see this coming, we see the possible effects of Winter Storm Jupiter and we've gotten out in front of this so we can respond appropriately," he said, noting the Missouri Department of Transportation had already begun pre-treating roads across the state. "Yesterday I signed the order opening this emergency operation center. The Missouri Dept. of Transportation has been out already pretreating the roads already in preparation for this event."
The governor spoke in front a room packed with aid workers sitting around tables preparing to respond to whatever they may receive. He added members of the Missouri National Guard, National Weather Service, Department of Public Safety, SEMA, Missouri State Highway Patrol, MoDOT, and utility and electric companies across the state were ready to help those in need.
"We're going to be prepared for whatever the storm brings," he said.
Greitens also gave advice to the citizens of Missouri, urged them to get foods that did not require cooking and to charge their phones tonight in case of power outages. He also asked people not use generators inside for the carbon monoxide they generate and to stay off the roads for Thursday night to Friday to make the jobs of first responders and MoDOT easier.
Disaster preparedness and response has been a hallmark of Missouri governorship in relatively recent history. Former Govs. Mel Carnahan and Jay Nixon were widely praised for their responses to the Great Flood of 1993 and the 2011 Joplin Tornado, respectively. Greitens will have to tackle what is expected to be a major storm just four days into his term.
Opinion: Initiative petitions would outdo California with radical Renewable Energy Standard
State releases December 2019 general revenue report
Republican leaders vow to 'protect' gun rights for Missourians ahead of session
Ameren completes and energizes Mark Twain Transmission Project
Opinion: Farm Bureau legislative priorities include property rights, broadband
THIS WEEK IN MISSOURI POLITICS
SHOW ME MISSOURAH
#MOLEG PODCAST
CLAYTON TIMES

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Public Works Department execute the construction, improvement, strengthening and maintenance of roads and bridges. The responsibility of construction of certain buildings of the state government and their maintenance is also upon this department. The department undertakes the maintenance of National Highways passing through Uttar Pradesh which are not covered by the National Highways Authority for which funds are provided by the Government of India. The task of monitoring the works under different schemes and ensuring high quality of work has been assigned to 12 zonal Chief Engineers.
The state, geographically and in terms of population, is the country's largest state. For the State's industrial, economic and social development it is essential to connect each village and its population with the main roads. Besides, the widening and high-quality repair of important National Highways, state roads and district roads is also important for transportation. The P.W.D. is executing the work of construction and improvement of link roads in rural areas, widening and improvement of other district roads, main district roads and state roads, construction of bridges in rural areas and repair of narrow and damaged bridges on main routes on a priority basis. In addition, it is also doing the work of construction of link roads in rural areas under Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana and strengthening of previously-built rural and other roads.
Chief Engineer (Level-2): Chief Engineer (National Highways), Chief Engineer Bridges/(HQ-1)/(HQ-2),Chief Engineer Indo-Nepal border ,Chief Engineer PMGSY , 12 Zonal Chief Engineers, Chief Engineer Complains, Chief Engineer (Electrical),Chief Engineer (Mechanical) and Chief Architect equivalent to Chief Engineer Level 2.
Division is the unit of the department. Generally there are 1 to 4 divisions in each district. The number of divisions depends on the nature and magnitude of work. The organizational structure of PWD is shown in appendix A, B, C, and D.


text:
Washington's Union Station, by Daniel Burnham
In D.C., Clemence's Photos of the MLK Library
In Dallas, a Lab and a Barn by Marlon Blackwell
Rethinking Synagogues for the 21st Century
In Portola Valley, Richard Beard's Westridge House
In Seattle, a Flagship Lounge for Alaska Airlines
In Chicago, How to Forge an Alliance with an Alley
Taline and Poppy from Bella Notte Linens
"HOUSES' by Robert A.M. Stern Architects
Americans in Spain: Painting and Travel, 1820-1920
Raggin' On at the Columbus Museum of Art
At Biltmore, a Home for Napoleon's Chess Set
In Hawaii, Restoring a Jack Nicklaus Course
Expanding the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame
In the Turks & Caicos, a Home at The Strand
Experiential Environments from Roto
High-End Luxury in Mexico's Punta de Mita
Leading Carolina's Black Design Community
Carolina's New Generation of Black Designers
Bridging the Void between Old and New
In 1968, Learning by Doing at the Farm
People / Places / March 17, 2014
In I968, while the rest of the world was witness to revolution, assassination and the rumbling of Soviet tanks through Prague Spring, the newly minted University of California, Irvine was engaged in something completely constructive.
It was host to an experiment in cultural exchange between social scientists, indigenous people from Samoa, Mexico and Guatemala – and a few counter-culturalists, just for good measure.
"The university invited them to come," says UC Irvine doctoral candidate Robbie Kett. "They were artisans for the most part – a Mayan healer, but also weavers, carvers and carpenters."
It all took place on the edge of William Pereira's 1965 brutalist campus, in former structures left over from Irvine's agricultural past: an early 20th-century bunkhouse, cookhouse and foreman's house.
"It's the oldest bit of the Irvine Ranch, an undeveloped tract of land growing citrus and avocado until the university was founded," he says. "For Orange County, they're really quite old."
Kett and fellow student Anna Kryczka have revisited the results of the unusual experiment and published a book on it called Learning by Doing at the Farm.
"They built a commune out of road signs, chicken coops and abandoned buses, with a settlement for students and other counter-culturalists who somehow made their way to Irvine," he says. "They helped build a pre-Colombian thatched building and an adobe in colonial style."
Mud bricks were made on site; a kiln was built for pottery. Most of it's gone now, but a canoe built by a Samoan chief has been found and resurrected.
Kett and Kryczka review much of the results of the experiment in their book. "They were excited about the use of the computer; which they viewed as another tool to look at patterns of craft, pottery and culture," he says. "Plus there are extensive interviews that they married into the computer, to see durable and universals patterns."
Though it was tough to track down the indigenous people for the new book, the pair has interviewed a number of the social scientists. And they found many of the counter-culturalists as well.
"They held onto these very formative and inspiring moments, and tried to incorporate them into their lives," he says. "They've all kept in touch – it's a close network. Once I talked to one, doors opened to others – they're really generous."
That's because they're hippies, circa 1968 – and the real deal.
Photos: © Communications Office, University of California, Irvine. Printed courtesy of Special Collections and Archives, University of California, Irvine Libraries.
View Images:
Tags: featured, Learning by Doing
Michael Welton
Ceramic Tiles from Spain, on the Rise
Dan Gottlieb: Rich, Seductive Exposures
Washington's Union Station, by Daniel Burnham January 20, 2021
In D.C., Clemence's Photos of the MLK Library January 18, 2021
In Dallas, a Lab and a Barn by Marlon Blackwell January 15, 2021
Rethinking Synagogues for the 21st Century January 14, 2021
In Portola Valley, Richard Beard's Westridge House January 13, 2021
In Seattle, a Flagship Lounge for Alaska Airlines January 12, 2021
In Chicago, How to Forge an Alliance with an Alley January 8, 2021
Taline and Poppy from Bella Notte Linens January 6, 2021
"HOUSES' by Robert A.M. Stern Architects January 5, 2021
The International Ceramic Tile Fair, recently took place from Feb. 11-14 at the Feria Valencia center in Spain. Today, the tile...
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When a woman unexpectedly loses a lifelong friend and mentor to suicide, she finds herself burdened with the unwanted dog he has left behind. Her own battle against grief is intensified by the mute suffering of the dog, a huge Great Dane that had been devoted to its suddenly vanished master, and by the threat of eviction: dogs are prohibited in her apartment building. Elegiac and searching, The Friend is both a meditation on friendship, loss, and bereavement and a celebration of the wonder and healing power of the human-canine bond.
Sigrid Nunez has published seven novels, including A Feather on the Breath of God, The Last of Her Kind, Salvation City, and, most recently, The Friend. She is also the author of Sempre Susan: A Memoir of Susan Sontag. Among the journals to which she has contributed are The New York Times, The New York Times Book Review, The Paris Review, Threepenny Review, Harper's, McSweeney's, Tin House, The Believer, and newyorker.com. Her work has also appeared in several anthologies, including four Pushcart Prize volumes and four anthologies of Asian American literature.


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text:
namespace Meteor.Internal
{
	internal class MethodMessage : Message
	{
		const string _method = "method";

		[JsonFx.Json.JsonName("params")]
		public object[] Params;
		public string id;
		public string method;

		public MethodMessage()
		{
			msg = _method;
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Антъни Колин Джералд Андрюс () (роден на 12 януари 1948 г.) е английски телевизионен, кино и сценичен актьор, известен най-вече с ролята си на лорд Себастиан Флайт в телевизионния филм на Ай Ти Ви "Завръщане в Брайдсхед" (1981). Известен е също и с ролята си на Скарлет Пимпернел и тази на английския министър-председател Стенли Болдуин в "Речта на краля" (2010). За участието си в "Завръщане в Брайдсхед" Андрюс спечели "Златен глобус" и награда "БАФТА", както и номинация за "Еми".

Прави сценичния си дебют на осемгодишна възраст. През 1971 г. се жени за Джорджина Симпсън. Имат три деца.

Източници

Външни препратки
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Английски актьори и актриси
Деца актьори
Театрални актьори и актриси
Носители на Златен глобус
Носители на награда BAFTA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


You would never know that the end of summer is nearing in San Francisco, with its endless sunshine that has created a capacity problem in urban space from Delores Park and Baker Beach. You actually have to queue-up at beloved rooftops like El Techo in the Mission with its sopas and tostadas that are guarded by an imposing hostess that humbles the muscle to get inside even the newly reopened SF MOMA and its inaugural Pop, Minimal and Figurative Art exhibition.
Sadly, new hotels for this year like Viceroy-managed Hotel Zeppelin and Hotel G are geared towards trend-oriented business travelers looking for modest accommodations and a central location. Disappointing luxury hotels also abound in SF, from poorly remodeled chains like Ritz-Carlton to the grimly branded Lowes Regency. Four Seasons is once again our top choice with its discreet style and revamped MKT eatery - at least until the Waldorf Astoria arrives in the first 16-floors of the yet-to-be-built The Oceanwide Center in SoMa designed by Foster + Partners.
The culinary epicenter of the US, we admit to having more than our share of average meals in SF - albeit with memorable price tags. High-profile openings like Waxman's by Berkeley native Jonathon Waxman as well as Leo's Oyster Bar were, to us, altogether forgettable. Cala, however, stuns with its simplistic take on Mexican cuisine that proves Mexico City native Gabriela Camara as one of the world's greatest chefs. Mr. Jiu's gives the city a least one hip and delicious Chinese eatery while Bellota proves even better tapas than long-loved Coqueta. Liitle has changed since touting Kokkari and Cotogna our two favorite SF eateries, even if the staff at each could use a little tenderizer even on a hot summer night in SF.


Are there days when your development work goes well and days when you just cannot seem to get anything done? We invite you to participate in our survey about your development work and how you track and improve it. Our aim is to create tools to help you better reflect and improve on your development work.
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Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer belongs to a group of genetic conditions called Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 in which individuals have a higher chance to develop certain cancerous tumors. It is caused by mutations in the RET gene which makes the proto-oncogene Ret protein.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is a group of inherited conditions that increase the chance of developing tumors (overgrowth of cells) in certain endocrine (hormone-producing) tissues.
There are three main subtypes of MEN2: Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer (FMTC), MEN2A (see MEN2 trait profile), MEN2B (see MEN2 trait profile). A certain form of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid cancer is the most common feature of MEN2. Almost all people with MEN2 will develop this cancer at some point during their lives. The characteristics of FMTC include multiple family members with medullary thyroid cancer, and the absence of other MEN2-related tumors (e.g., pheochromocytomas tumors of the adrenal gland; parathyroid adenomas tumors of the parathyroid glands).
Approximately 95% individuals with FMTC have a change or mutation in a gene called RET. The RET gene is a proto-oncogene that gives instructions to make a protein that is involved in signaling within cells. When growth factors attach to the RET protein, cells divide, mature, and take on other functions. Individuals with MEN2 have a change or mutation that over-activate the RET proto-oncogene, making it a cancer-promoting gene. Mutations in different parts of this gene are associated with specific characteristics, such as the subtype of MEN2 and the age of thyroid cancer onset.
All individuals with FMTC will develop medullary thyroid cancer. The most effective treatment for medullary thyroid cancer is surgical removal of the thyroid (i.e., thyroidectomy) and surrounding lymph nodes. Prophylactic thyroidectomy (surgical removal of the thyroid before cancer occurs) is the main prevention for individuals who have a known RET mutation. Mutations in different parts of this gene are associated with specific characteristics, such as the subtype of MEN2 and the age of thyroid cancer onset. Typically, removal of the thyroid is recommended before age five. An individual who has their thyroid removed needs life-long thyroid hormone replacement therapy. At least once a year, blood work also needs to be performed to screen for cancer (even after the thyroid is removed).
All MEN2 subtypes, including FMTC, are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that inheriting one RET mutation is enough for an individual to be affected and show signs of MEN2. Most mutations causing FMTC are inherited from a parent with FMTC (95% of the time) or it can occur brand new (de novo) in an individual (5% of the time).
The risk to family members depends on whether or not the individual with FMTC has a parent affected with FMTC. If a parent also has FMTC, the risk of having a child with FMTC is 50% with each pregnancy. If a parent does not have FMTC, the risk of other siblings being affected is very low.
Mutations in the RET gene may also cause Hirschsprung disease (see trait profile), a condition in which a part of the large intestine does not work because it has not developed proper nerve stimulation. Hirschsprung disease can occur in some families with MEN2A or as a separate isolated condition. If Hirschsprung disease is present, surgery to remove the affected part of the large intestine is often needed.
American Thyroid Association Guidelines Taskforce. (2009)."Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Management Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association." Thyroid 19(6): 565-612.
Moline J, Eng C. (Updated 10 January 2013). Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2. In: GeneReviews at GeneTests Medical Genetics Information Resource (database online). Copyright, University of Washington, Seattle. 1997-2013. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1257/. Accessed [05/27/2013].
Raue, F. et al. (2012)."Clinical utility gene card for: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2." European Journal of Human Genetics 20(1).


text:
Albany Law Review
Vol. 79 Nbr. 3, March - March 2016
Mental competency law and plea bargaining: a neurophenomenological critique.
Document Cited authorities 89 Cited in Related
Author: Schehr, Robert
Position: Elephants in the Courtroom: Examining Overlooked Issues in Wrongful Convictions
They talked of cause and effect, as if they believed it possible to isolate an event and hold it up to scrutiny in a pure, timeless space, outside the mad swirl of things. They would speak of whole peoples as if they were speaking of a single individual, while to speak even of an individual with any show of certainty seemed to me foolhardy. (1) Perhaps it is most fitting that we begin with our thesis: the knowing and voluntary prong establishing the constitutionality of plea-bargaining is woefully incapable of doing so. This is because the jurisprudential assumption that human beings are rational actors capable of making decisions that maximize their interests is, when exposed to social and natural science, flawed. There are three themes addressed in this article. First, we deliver an assessment of the existing case law guiding determinations of mental competency to plea. Second, we apply the current science of neuropsychology and cognitive psychology to an understanding of how human beings cognate. The third theme addressed in this article demonstrates the extent to which human beings are, in combination with biology, constituted by their political, economic, and cultural locations.
In a collateral sense our thesis bears some resemblance to the United States Supreme Court's "death is different" jurisprudence. (2) To state the obvious, a death eligible criminal trial ought to be as close to procedurally pristine as possible given the plausibility of conviction and execution. Following reintroduction of the death penalty in Gregg v. Georgia (3) where, incidentally, the majority acknowledged that, "the penalty of death is different in kind from any other punishment ..." (4) there were numerous Supreme Court opinions where the Court made clear its concern over what Scott E. Sundby has called the "unreliability principle". (5) Specifically, the unreliability principle states: "fl]f too great a risk exists that constitutionally protected mitigation cannot be properly comprehended and accounted for by the sentencer, the unreliability that is created means that the death penalty cannot be constitutionally applied." (6) Sundby inaugurates the unreliability principle based upon textual analysis of the Eighth Amendment's emphasis on "individualized consideration," and a slew of cases beginning with Woodson v. North Carolina (1976), (7) where "Justice Stewart's ... opinion laid out the Eighth Amendment principle of individualized consideration." (8) In fact, "Woodson ... required as a constitutional rule the consideration of 'the possibility of compassionate or mitigating factors stemming from the diverse frailties of humankind'." (9) In Lockett v. Ohio (1978), (10) the Court held that a "sentencer must be allowed to consider 'any aspect of a defendant's character or record...."'n Because death is different, argued the Court in Lockett, full consideration of mitigating evidence and enhanced reliability is mandatory. (12) In Skipper v. South Carolina (1986), (13) the Court held that "it is 'now well established' that the defendant has the constitutional right to have 'any relevant mitigating evidence' considered." (14) Penry v. Lynaugh (1989) (15) provides perhaps the most important language with Justice O'Connor writing for the majority:
[I]t is not enough simply to allow the defendant to present mitigating evidence to the sentencer. The sentencer must also be able to consider and give effect to that evidence in imposing sentence.... Only then can we be sure that the sentencer has treated the defendant as a "uniquely individual human being" and has made a reliable determination that death is the appropriate sentence. 'Thus, the sentence imposed at the penalty stage should reflect a reasoned moral response to the defendant's background, character, and crime."' (16) The unreliability principle articulated in these cases paved the way for two opinions that significantly changed American death penalty jurisprudence. In 2002, the United States Supreme Court held in Atkins v. Virginia (17) that execution of the mentally ill was unconstitutional. (18) In 2005, the Court held in Roper v. Simmons (19) that execution of youth was unconstitutional. (20) In each case the Court considered the defendant's mental state as providing significant mitigation since the sentencer would not be able to properly comprehend and account for the mitigation. (21)
To sum up, the Supreme Court of the United States has created what we believe to be an enlightened unreliability principle when considering mitigation in capital cases where:
* Individualized consideration (8th Amendment), (22) because of
* The "diverse frailties of humankind" (Woodson) (23), requires consideration of
* The defendant's background, character, and crime (Lockett), (24) which should then lead to
* Full consideration of mitigating evidence and enhanced reliability (Penry) (25)
The combined effect of each factor led the Court to declare execution of the mentally ill and youth to be unconstitutional. (26) But here's what we don't quite understand. We get the fact that "death is different" because it's the ultimate sentence. What we do not understand is why the unreliability principle articulated by the Court isn't afforded to all criminal defendants. Specifically, if the unreliability principle is reasonably premised on solid jurisprudential and social scientific footing, and we believe that it is, why is it that the supremely prudent criteria established by the Court to make absolutely certain that all mitigation is properly introduced and understood in order to guarantee as much as humanly possible a safe conviction and fair sentence isn't constitutive of all criminal prosecutions and sentences? It seems to us that the gestalt of the unreliability principle is equally applicable to, for example, plea-bargaining. And since plea-bargaining accounts for the greatest proportion of felony convictions in the United States, (27) shouldn't it be incumbent upon those administering justice to adhere to the four criteria of the unreliability principle cited in the case law above? In the interest of fair and equitable due process we think that it should, and the remainder of this Article will be dedicated to arguing strongly for application of just such a principle to plea jurisprudence.
In this paper we seek to address one aspect of plea-bargaining--the knowing and voluntary criteria necessary for establishing mental competency to plea. When we speak of mental competency we are not suggesting that the knowing and voluntary criteria only applies to those with a designated mental illness (as in Atkins), but rather, that the competency to plea-bargain as established by the knowing and voluntary criteria assumes a free thinking, free acting, reasonable, rational actor under the law. As we will demonstrate, this is a legal fiction. A more accurate reflection of the relevance of the consciousness of criminal defendants for guilt and sentencing determinations is found in the Supreme Court's death penalty jurisprudence. As such, there is legal precedent for the case that we are going to make, but as far as we know there has been no court of criminal appeal to adopt in total the four aspects of the unreliability principle and require its application to plea-bargains. For the reasons that we outline in this Article, we think that should change.
This Article proceeds in the following way. First, in Part II we introduce the case law establishing the knowing and voluntary criteria of plea-bargaining. Next, we present case law relating to cases where mental competency claims have been raised consistent with the knowing and voluntary criteria. We then compare and contrast the "understand and assist" and "reasoned choice" options as they relate to the most efficacious mental competency criteria. In Part III we provide a brief overview of mental competency law beginning with European Common Law, followed by its evolution in the United States. Part IV introduces what we call, "A Different Air to Breathe," an alternate theoretical lens through which to consider mental competency and the constitution of the knowing and voluntary prongs. We do this by introducing critical inquiry through application of the sociological imagination as applied to deconstruction of the essentialism that fetishizes reason in the law.
We conclude Part IV by introducing a theoretical taxonomy based upon the work of Ken Wilber. Wilber's full spectrum consciousness taxonomy provides for a comprehensive explication of human consciousness, one that is capable of embracing multivariate macrostructural and micro-level influences. Wilber's taxonomy will provide the theoretical framework capable of capturing the complexity of the argument we will be making in this Article. In Part V we get into the substantive assessment of consciousness. We begin with a discussion of the human creation of categories and heuristics as habitual shorthand ways to guide decision-making. This specifically requires an understanding of cognitive psychology. Moving more deeply into the neurological aspects of decisionmaking, we introduce neurophenomenology. We do this by first providing readers with a lay overview of brain composition and function. This is important because human decision-making is a profoundly complex manifestation of brain structure and chemistry. In Part VI we directly tackle the question of free will through application of neuropsychology. The final substantive section of our Article is Part VII and it moves away from neuropsychology and cognitive psychology to focus attention on the significance of subject constitution within contemporary neoliberal cultures. This is important because the positioning of human beings consistent with homo economicus isolates humans and emphasizes the contractual nature of virtually all aspects of existence. Since plea-bargaining is premised on the making of contracts between...


The shoot was so much fun wih the lovely team from Longtail Mixers. They were after some new website content and some photos that can also be used on social. I think we did a great job! Big shoutout to the wonderful drink stylist Laurie Perry. Dream team!


To set by agreement a specific amount or a formula for calculating such an amount, in compensation for the losses resulting from a breach.
"liquidated amount." YourDictionary, n.d. Web. 10 April 2019. <https://www.yourdictionary.com/liquidated-amount>.


text:
Junior athletics team announced
November 20, 2018, Tirupati, Chandigarh
Reference: https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/junior-athletics-team-announced/686128.html
The Chandigarh Athletics Association on Monday announced 13-member squad for the upcoming 16th National Inter-District Junior Athletics Championship, scheduled to be held in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, from December 1-3.
The squad includes six girls and seven boys, said the sports body.
North District: Vineet (GMHS, Sector 26), Mahendera (GMHS, Vikas Nagar), Sahibjot Singh (DAV Model School, Sector 7), Jeeya (St Soldier School, Sector 28), Himani Bawa (DAV Model School, Sector 7)
South District: Lovepreet Singh (KV School, Sector 47), Gurjant Singh (Bal Niketan School, Sector 37), Ayush Raikhy (SD Public School, Sector 32), Aksh Singh (GMSSS, Sector 35), Harleen Purewal (St Anne's School, Sector 32), Simran Kaur (GMSSS, Sector 46), Khushi Rana (SD Public School, Sector 32), Nandini Singh (Shishu Niketan School, Sector 43)
Kerala thumps hapless Andhra
Haryana Clinch 30 Medals in the National U-14 Arch...
Manish wins gold in the 64th National Archery Cham...
National Science Congress 2018 dates announced


China 1988 100 Yuan Proof 12 Oz Silver Coin Lunar Year of Dragon NGC PF68 UC. Planned Mintage is only 3000. Very rare considering China's 1.34 billion population. Condition:PF68 Ultra Cameo graded by NGC. Pictures show the exact item for sale; What you see is what you will get.
All items in our store are 100% genuine guaranteed. We also deal with bullion on a daily basis. The item "China 1988 100 Yuan Proof 12 Oz Silver Coin Lunar Year of Dragon NGC PF68 UC" is in sale since Wednesday, April 3, 2019. This item is in the category "Coins & Paper Money\Coins\ World\Asia\China\PRC (1949-Now)". The seller is "qianscoins" and is located in Nashua, New Hampshire.


"Art is the natural by-product of my existence. My version of photosynthesis. The images that emerge from me are tangible snapshots of the thirst for beauty and connectedness, and the relief in seeing it all around in a short moment of openness."
Annalee started creating art as most children do, and simply never let anyone talk her out of it. She is largely self taught, and with the help of many excellent and varied mentors along the way she's carved out a creative niche for herself as an acrylic painter and Visual practitioner. Her artwork focuses on interwoven contexts of humans as part of nature and conveys a subtle emotionality and peaceful longing.
Annalee is capturing attention as she emerges into the art scene with openness, and dedication. Her work has been featured on The Women's Art Museum of Canada's online gallery, and she was a popular competitor at the 2014 Art Battle Vancouver. Annalee has also been a featured artist at Bringing Artists Together- an event bridging the gap between dance, music and visual art. In 2013, She has had the pleasure of serving as an artist in residence- inspiring students through art classes at L'École des Pionniers.


text:
support@biolight.shop
BRAIN & NERVE HEALTH
How does RLT help?
There appears to be neuroprotective effects of laser and light-emitting diodes (LED) in diverse neurological conditions, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, as well as age-related cognitive decline. Besides these therapeutic effects at the molecular level, there is also considerable evidence of changes occurring at the behavioral level such as cognitive enhancement, antidepressant effects, and improved sleep.
The brain, along with the heart and muscle, are the tissues with the greatest mitochondrial density. Mitochondria, which are extremely important for our health, longevity and energy production, respond exceptionally well to red/NIR light. Thus, the brain and overall cognitive function (i.e. Alzheimer's disease) has a great capacity to heal with RLT.
It is believed that impaired cerebral vascular perfusion is the one of the first manifestations of most brain disorders. RLT can increase the neuronal nitric oxide content, increase the vessel diameter, and improve cerebral blood flow (CBF). Therefore, it could be considered that RLT of specific areas of the brain potentially affects regional CBF.
Neuroinflammation is one of the crucial pathophysiological findings in brain disorders, which is chiefly mediated by activated microglial cells (microglial cells remove damaged neurons and infections and are important for maintaining the health of the CNS). RLT reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines via inhibition of various signaling pathways, resulting in attenuation of inflammatory reactions. Evidence supports the idea that the anti-inflammatory effects of brain RLT may at least partly be due to its ability to modulate microglial activity and a subsequent decrease in inflammatory mediators.
A wide range of neurological and psychological disorders affects various cerebral structures. Recent clinical brain RLT studies have been focused on conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and ischemic stroke as well as major depressive disorder (MDD).
AD: significant improvements in sleep quality, mood states, EEG patterns, as well as improved cognitive function including memory and attention have been obtained as a consequence of NIR RLT
PD: In the only study in PD patients, improved motor and cognitive functions has been reported following 2 weeks of trans-cranial RLT
TBI: transcranial LED RLT (633/ 870 nm) improved self-awareness, self-regulation in social functioning and sleep quality.
Stroke: an effort has been made in occasional studies to show neuroprotective or neuroreparative effects of RLT in chronic stroke patients via transcranial and multiple area irradiation methods.
Depression: MDD patients showed that a single session of LED therapy alleviated depression and anxiety symptoms (Hamilton scales) at 2 weeks post-irradiation. A study also revealed that transcranial laser therapy delivered to the right forehead was more effective for alleviation of depression symptoms than PBM to the left forehead, and this observation may suggest a brain area-dependent effect of PBM in MDD patients.
Like the brain, the nerves benefit from enhanced mitochondrial function that helps improve energy production. This increased energy leads to accelerated regeneration of injured peripheral nerves along with improved axonal number and distance of nerve axon regrowth.
What does the research show?
"Transcranial laser therapy (TLT) showed an increase in ATP levels, mitochondrial function, and c-fos suggesting an overall improvement in neurological function. These studies suggest that TLT is a potential candidate for treatment of Alzheimers disease." (1)
"This treatment (near-infrared light) also significantly reduced dopaminergic neuronal loss in the injected substantia nigra and preserved dopaminergic fibers in the ipsilateral striatum. These beneficial effects were sustained for at least 6 weeks after discontinuing the treatment. Together, our data point to photobiomodulation as a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease and other related synucleinopathies." (2)
"Transcranial LLLT has been shown to significantly improve outcome in acute human stroke patients when applied approximately 18 hours after the stroke occurs over the entire surface of the head, regardless of the stroke location." (3)
"These results suggest that LLLT could be applied in cases of general cognitive impairment in elderly persons." (4)
"Roch-kind et. al. demonstrated that LLLT applied simultaneously to the injured sciatic nerve and the corresponding segment of the spinal cord accelerates the process of regeneration of the injured peripheral nerve." (5)
"Light therapy significantly improved the average length of axonal regrowth and increased the total axon number. These results suggest that light may be a promising therapy for human spinal cord injury." (6)
**While the current scientific research seems to indicate many positive benefits of RLT in relation to brain and nerve health, there is still an appreciable necessity for more extensive research to be conducted in this area, including double-blind RCT (randomized controlled trials), to provide a more comprehensive, robust overview that will further elucidate the optimal parameters and appropriate uses of RLT, which will ultimately lead the most safe and efficacious uses for individuals dealing with brain and nerve disorders.
(1) De Taboada, Luis & Yu, Jin & El-Amouri, Salim & Gattoni-Celli, Sebastiano & Richieri, Steve & McCarthy, Thomas & Streeter, Jackson & Kindy, Mark. (2011). Transcranial Laser Therapy Attenuates Amyloid-beta Peptide Neuropathology in Amyloid-beta Protein Precursor Transgenic Mice. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 23. 521-35. 10.3233/JAD-2010-100894.
(2) Oueslati A, Lovisa B, Perrin J, Wagnières G, van den Bergh H, Tardy Y, Lashuel HA (2015) Photobiomodulation suppresses alpha synuclein-induced toxicity in an AAV-based ratgeneticmodelofParkinson 's disease. PLoS One 10(10): e0140880
(3) Lampl Y, Zivin JA, Fisher M, et al. Infrared laser therapy for ischemic stroke: a new treatment strategy: results of the NeuroThera Effectiveness and Safety Trial-1 (NEST-1). Stroke. 2007; 38:1843–1849.
(4) Michalikova S, Ennaceur A, van Rensburg R, et al. Emotional responses and memory performance of middle-aged CD1 mice in a 3D maze: effects of low infrared light. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2008; 89:480–488.
(5) Rochkind S, Barr-Nea L, Bartal A, et al. New methods of treatment of severely injured sciatic nerve and spinal cord. An experimental study. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien). 1988; 43:91–93.
(6) Wu X, Dmitriev AE, Cardoso MJ, et al. 810 nm Wavelength light: an effective therapy for transected or contused rat spinal cord. Lasers Surg Med. 2009; 41:36–41.
BioLight, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The statements on this website have not been evaluated by the FDA (U.S. Food & Drug Administration). Our products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Our products are low-risk, general wellness / fitness products that do not require FDA clearance, in accordance with the "General Wellness: Policy on Low Risk Devices" draft released January 20, 2015.


Join me in taking the first steps as we set up the Dayananda Sagar University (DSU) that is backed by the legacy of Dayananda Sagar Institutions. The Year 2015 would be one more major milestone in our pursuit of excellence in the higher education space opening up a significant opportunity to the community that we belong to. DSU is committed to give more now and in the days to come by designing academic programs that reflect present societal needs and that of the distant future. This knowledge would vest a new power and intellect in an individual. The education and training at DSU allows a young graduate to be seen as a proficient & master, in a chosen domain. The journey of the past five decades in our campuses is one of great fulfillment witnessed by the successes that we have achieved; encouraging us to develop a new vision – to achieve newer goals to be realized in the years to come. Welcome to Dayananda Sagar University and wishing all of you a great future!


"Fashions fade, style is eternal" Yves Saint Laurent liked to say. If you are a man who must dress for work—suit and tie—Yves Saint Laurent should be your patron saint. And if you do not have to suit up every day, Yves Saint Laurent will make you want to. This suit made up in heavy cotton birdseye cloth with a slight sheen (as seen in photos) and features medium notch lapels, flap pockets, darts for fit and a lightly structured shoulder.


Updated September 27th, 2008. Not legal proof of ownership.
An original 150S, RHD; asked to be sat in by Lofty England in 1988, Boston National, after his commnent about having one just like it!
Owned since 1985; Kept authentic but for spin-on oil filter and radial tires.
Interested in any UK history of the car.
Once sat in by Lofty England while he was a Eastern National Concours in the US.
Actually, Lofty asked to and DID sit in the car at the Boston National Concours in, I believe, 1988.
This 1960 Jaguar XK150-S S Coupe features a 3.8 LITER 6cyl engine. It is equipped with a Manual transmission. The vehicle is White with a Blue Leather interior. It is offered As-Is, not covered by a warranty. - 1960 JAGUAR XK150 S WITH A JAGUAR DAIMLER HERITAGE CERTIFICATE VERY RARE S MODEL WITH THE 3.8LITER ENGINE , ONE OF ONLY 150 FIXED HEAD COUPES BUILT WITH THIS ENGINE. ENGINE # VAS1074-9 CHASSIE # T825119DN BODY # J10730 BUILT 9 DECEMBER 1959 DISPATCHED 31 DECEMBER 1959.


Research is as important as realization. I believe great work comes from great process, free experimentation, and continuous learning.
Design is problem solving and making communication more clear and powerful. I work across mediums to solve problems with my clients.
Designing things to look pretty isn't enough. I work to create things that educate, inspire, and delight. Lets work together.


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Leonid Stepanovych Tanyuk dit Les Tanyuk (en ), né le  à , dans le raion de Vyshhorod (oblast de Kiev), et mort le  à Kiev, est un réalisateur et metteur en scène ukrainien, ancien dissident et chef du .

Biographie

Après l'indépendance de l'Ukraine, en 1991, Les Tanyuk a été élu à plusieurs reprises au parlement ukrainien, la Rada.

Filmographie partielle

Au cinéma

À la télévision

Récompenses et distinctions

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en juillet 1938
Naissance dans l'oblast de Kiev
Naissance en RSS d'Ukraine
Réalisateur ukrainien
Metteur en scène ukrainien
Dissident soviétique
Personnalité liée à la défense des droits de l'homme
Personnalité politique ukrainienne
Décès en mars 2016
Décès à Kiev
Décès à 77 ans
Membre de la Rada (Ukraine)


Welcome to the About page for Discraft's 2019 CCR Open.
Will Jomez be here filming the Pros? Yes.
Can you follow along on Udisc? Yes.
Saturday: 2 rounds at assigned courses below. Round 1 begins at 9 am, round 2 for those traveling will be 90 mins after round 1. A Pool Round 2 will start 45 mins after last card turn in from the 1st round. Lunch will be provided free of charge for all players at Burchfield.
Sunday: B and C pool tee off at 8 am at assigned course. A pool will have Tee Times starting at 10am.
Following the 3rd round Awards for Pros and skins raffle for top 4 MPO finishers and 4 lucky raffle winners. Am payouts will occur before the skins match. (more info on skins raffle below).
Skins Raffle: Through out the course of the weekend, we will be selling Raffle tickets for entry into the 5 hole skins match and other items. The Skins match will consist of 5 safari holes on Renegades Trail. The top 4 finishing MPO players will be paired with 4 lucky raffle winners, each hole worth $100 to the MPO player, each raffle winner receives a ChainStar Lite ($125 value) and the opportunity to play with one of the top Pros. (Please note: this is a change from previous years. Raffle winners will no longer be playing for cash, unless the MPO player wants to share their skins winnings). However, each raffle winner is guaranteed a ChainStar Lite.
Saturday night Player Party info to come.


Halloween is here! And there's no better way to ring in the festivities than with a nice mug of this wonderfully flavorful Pumpkin Spice Cider!
It's also perfect to have on a chilly evening in front of a crackling fire, on Thanksgiving or Christmas/Hanukkah/Kwanzaa!
Of course the best part is that this takes NO EFFORT to make at all, is all done in one pot (how witch's cauldron of me) and saves any stove time/heat courtesy of the Instant Pot!
…and melting it in the Instant Pot.
Then add in some brown sugar and combine with the butter.
…and stir nicely until smooth.
Give it all a good stir and het for a few minutes until in an applesauce-like consistency.
…and, you guessed it, stir again so everything is combined.
…and add it to a sieve-like bag and then add it to the cider in the pot.
Kitchen MacGuyver Hack!: I actually used a teabag by cutting the bottom open, discarding the tea leaves, filling it with the cloves and tying it with the string that's already attached to the bag. You don't have to do this, but it makes getting them out much easier when done!
You'll also toss in some cinnamon sticks.
…and spoon yourself a loving cup.
…and a little more pumpkin pie spice to top it off.
Oh yes, and one of the cooked cinnamon sticks of course.
Now go ahead and pig out. A pumpkin a day keeps the doctor away!
Use some whipped cream, caramel sundae syrup and a pinch of pumpkin pie spice for a lovely nice topping!
You can use pumpkin pie extract in place of the orange extract but I like it with the orange – it really adds a lovely light citrus flavor to play in the background!
Want to make it for the adults? Sneak in a little rum or bourbon while the kids are out toilet papering/shaving creaming someone's house.
Add the apple cider, cinnamon sticks and cloves (easiest to put them in a little tea bag like the tip/hack I demonstrate in the video) and stirring to combine and deglazing (scraping) the bottom of the pot.
Secure the lid and hit "Keep Warm/Cancel" and then hit "Manual" or "Pressure Cook" High Pressure for 8 minutes. Quick release when done.
Remove the cloves and transfer to mugs. Top with whipped cream, caramel and more pumpkin pie spice if desired (and maybe even sneak in a little rum or bourbon)!


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You are here: Home Page > Arts & Humanities > Classical Studies > Greek & Roman Archaeology > Ashes, Images, and Memories
Ashes, Images, and Memories
The Presence of the War Dead in Fifth-Century Athens
Nathan T. Arrington
The first history of the art and archaeology of the war dead in fifth-century Athens across private, civic, and sacred spaces
Beautifully illustrated with 85 photographs and drawings
Rare examination of public versus private art in Athens
Focuses on material culture, in its ritual and spatial contexts, rather than just literary sources
Ashes, Images, and Memories argues that the institution of public burial for the war dead and images of the deceased in civic and sacred spaces fundamentally changed how people conceived of military casualties in fifth-century Athens. In a period characterized by war and the threat of civil strife, the nascent democracy claimed the fallen for the city and commemorated them with rituals and images that shaped a civic ideology of struggle and self-sacrifice on behalf of a unified community.
While most studies of Athenian public burial have focused on discrete aspects of the institution, such as the funeral oration, this book broadens the scope. It examines the presence of the war dead in cemeteries, civic and sacred spaces, the home, and the mind, and underscores the role of material culture - from casualty lists to white-ground lekythoi-in mediating that presence. This approach reveals that public rites and monuments shaped memories of the war dead at the collective and individual levels, spurring private commemorations that both engaged with and critiqued the new ideals and the city's claims to the body of the warrior. Faced with a collective notion of "the fallen" families asserted the qualities, virtues, and family links of the individual deceased, and sought to recover opportunities for private commemoration and personal remembrance. Contestation over the presence and memory of the dead often followed class lines, with the elite claiming service and leadership to the community while at the same time reviving Archaic and aristocratic commemorative discourses. Although Classical Greek art tends to be viewed as a monolithic if evolving whole, this book depicts a fragmented and charged visual world.
Introduction - "To see them so changed would be their death."
Chapter 1 - Mass Ashes: The Origins and Impact of an "Ancestral Custom"
Chapter 2 - The Topography and Phenomenology of the Public Cemetery
Chapter 3 - Naming the Dead: Casualty Lists and the Tenses of Commemoration
Chapter 4 - Sacred Space and the Fallen Warrior
Chapter 5 - Private Engagement with Civic Death: Portrait Statues, Votive Reliefs, and Wall Paintings
Chapter 6 - More Than a Name: Private Commemoration in Attic Cemeteries
Chapter 7 - The Limits of Commemoration
Nathan T. Arrington is an Assistant Professor of Classical Archaeology at Princeton University.
"Nathan Arrington's erudite and thoughtful book conjoins a mastery of social history, art history, and field archaeology to explain the role of commemorating war dead in Athenian cultural expression and political development. He offers new and convincing interpretations of the chronology and topography of public rituals honoring the fallen. This has big implications for rethinking the iconography and reception of major monuments and the relationship between war, memory, and democracy. While always sensitive to ancient cultural specificity, Arrington draws telling, and often haunting, parallels between the attempts of democracies ancient and modern to represent to themselves the sacrifice and irreplaceable loss of young men who die fulfilling the purposes of their country. This is a major contribution to the literature on war, art, memory, and ritual. It deserves a wide readership within and beyond ancient studies." -- Josiah Ober, Stanford University
"As the centenary of the First World War turns people's attention to the revolution in the culture of commemoration of the war dead effected by that conflict, it is highly appropriate that Nathan Arrington should bring to our attention, as never before, the culture of commemorating the war dead developed in fifth-century Athens. Arrington shows how, by giving the war dead a special status marked by word, deed, and monument, the community from which the dead soldiers had come came to see itself differently. This is not only a challenging example of how to make objects and texts, images and actions, speak to each other, but an eloquent testimony to the extraordinarily pervasive power that the dead can come to exercise over all aspects of a community's life." -- Robin Osborne, University of Cambridge
"'Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn'. Original, meditative, subtle, beautifully crafted, wide-ranging, and brilliantly synthesizing archaeology, art, and text, Arrington's study offers a magisterial new perspective on an enduring human problem. There is nothing as good or as thoughtful on managing the human cost of war as this." -- Andrew Stewart, University of California, Berkeley
"...Arrington demonstrates that theoretical debate in classical archaeology can productively coexist with the discipline's empiricist traditions. His analyses are coherent and incisive, from the level of individual objects and sites to the broader debates concerning methodological direction. Readers from different fields and levels of specialization will be amply rewarded." -- The Classical Association of the Middle West and South
"This fine and ambitious book is made more valuable by its footnotes and bibliography, a treasure trove for students and scholars alike both to check [Arrington]'s sources and to explore more deeply the many media and questions he tackles. [Arrington]'s elegant prose is a pleasure to read and his thought-provoking examination lingers in the mind long after the book has been finished." --The Classical Review
"...Arrington demonstrates that theoretical debate in classical archaeology can productively coexist with the discipline's empiricist traditions. His analyses are coherent and incisive, from the level of individual objects and sites to the broader debates concerning methodological direction. Readers from different fields and levels of specialization will be amply rewarded." --The Classical Journal
The Oxford Handbook of North American Archaeology
Timothy Pauketat
The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage
William E. Metcalf
The Oxford Handbook of Roman Sculpture
Elise A Friedland, Melanie Grunow Sobocinski, and Elaine Gazda
Thermae' />
Decoration and Display in Rome's Imperial Thermae
Maryl B. Gensheimer
The Oxford Handbook of Zooarchaeology
Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ...
Power, Patronage, and Memory in Early Islam
Alain George and Andrew Marsham
Blood of the Provinces
Ian Haynes
God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination
Richard Jenkyns
The Inner Lives of Ancient Houses
J. A. Baird
The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia
Sharon R. Steadman and Gregory McMahon
Emperors and Ancestors
The World Underfoot
Hallie M. Franks
The Oxford Handbook of Historical Ecology and Applied Archaeology
Christian Isendahl and Daryl Stump
Augustine: De Civitate Dei The City of God Books III and IV
P. G. Walsh
Arts & Humanities > Classical Studies > Greek & Roman Archaeology
Arts & Humanities > Archaeology > Historical Archaeology
Arts & Humanities > Art > History of Art > Ancient & Classical Art (To 500 CE)
Arts & Humanities > History > Military History > Ancient Warfare


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Logo: Visit the Saxilby with Ingleby Parish Council home page
Council business
2022 © Saxilby with Ingleby Parish Council
MUGA Working Group
Saxilby and District MUGA - Multi-Use Games Area
A Multi-Use Games Area (MUGA) has been a long-term community aspiration and is included in the Saxilby with Ingleby Neighbourhood Development Plan as a community project.
An open working group was set up in September 2020 to move the project forward, which includes residents and councillors.
Following public consultation the plans were drawn-up and have been submitted to the local planning authority (West Lindsey District Council) on 14 September 2021. This provides a further opportunity for public enagagment and consultation on the proposals.
Two sets of public consultation have been undertaken on the project and the results from these consultations have informed the development of the plans.
Initial public consultation took place during November and December 2020, to understand the requirements for the MUGA and the primary sports to be catered for.
The second public consultation then took place From 7 April 2021 to 9 May 2021 on the draft plans.
The consultation reports can be found under the Council Consultation pages on the website.
Around half of the funding required for the project has been secured (from external sources, as opposed to using Council Tax) and further external funding is currently being sought.
The proposed site for the MUGA is on the grass to the east of the play area, on the Memorial Playing Field, William Street, Saxilby, LN1 2LP. The location can be viewed on the plans below.
The plans are available to view below and have been developed by LK2 architects based on the public consultation results, Sport England guidelines, national governing body recommendations, Football Foundation guidance, and the grounds investigation report and acoustic report:
PLANS (Submitted plans September 2021)
Project Brief and Plan
The current project brief can be downloaded, providing more information on the project - Project Brief
The project plan can be viewed - Project Plan (November 2021)
For more information contact the Parish Office on 01522 703912 or email assistant@saxilbyparishcouncil.co.uk
Minutes and agendas from the Working Group meetings can be viewed below:
June (re-arranged from 02 June)
All content © 2022 Saxilby with Ingleby Parish Council. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Ma Yue
Yangpu District issues policies to support the eSports, film, television and Internet audio-visual industries.
Yangpu District has issued new policies to attract and support companies in the eSports, film, television and Internet audio-visual industries.
The policies cover office space, operational costs and talent introduction, support in construction of eSports venues and cinemas, as well as rewards for technical breakthroughs.
Yangpu District used to be the center of the city's economic growth. The district is home to many universities and innovative companies. Old factories have become innovation parks and the new policies are in line with Shanghai's ambition to become a world eSports, film and television center.
eSports, film, television and Internet audio-visual firms registered in Yangpu can enjoy subsidies when buying property, or a 30 percent discount when renting. They are encouraged to introduce technical and managerial talent, who will be offered various health, accommodation and visa incentives. Broadcasting platforms are encouraged to introduce frontier technology from overseas and to work with universities and local research institutions.The district commercial department will open green channels for company registration.
eSports products should showcase Chinese culture. Companies taking part in the organization of eSports competitions, exhibitions and forums in Yangpu will receive subsidies. Those setting up eSports clubs will have their players' training costs partially covered.
Film, television and Internet audio-visual firms will be rewarded if their products win recognition at film and television festivals. Companies are also encouraged to organize large-scale film and television festivals, exhibitions, competitions, forums and roadshows.
As an example, an "Honor of Kings" eSports exhibition will be held at Yangpu's riverside area from the end of July with the cooperation of Stream Interactive Entertainment and Shanghai Yangpu Riverside Development Company. The exhibition, providing visitors with interactive visual and audio experience, will last for three months.
The "Honor of Kings" eSports exhibition will start at the end of July.
Over 600 notices served as garbage sorting regulations take effect
Disposable items alert for restaurants
Theater academy celebrates the founding of the Communist Party
Orchestra academy celebrates 5th anniversary


A 16′ custom tiny house built by Fort Collins-based MitchCraft Tiny Homes. The tiny house features a main level sleeping platform and an additional sleeping loft with ladder access. The bed platform includes a two person dining table and plenty of drawer storage. Custom cabinetry, oak butcher block counter tops, and pine bead board throughout.
This model was sold for $39,000.


This entry was posted in Hospital life and tagged dinner, hospital, pregnancy, twins. Bookmark the permalink.
The three of you look so happy. It's not how you expected to spend the holidays, but it's your new normal and totally worth it to meet these two princessas! Hold 'em in there, Momma!
Taking that picture was hilarious as a certain little man kept poking the screen, but we got a good one!


Saturday will be "Firework Amnesty Day" in New York, as the 62nd police precinct at 1925 Bath Avenue is holding this event. What it means is that all New York area people who have fireworks in their possession (which are illegal in New York) can bring their fireworks to the precinct with no penalty.
Anyone who wants to can anonymously drop off their fireworks at the 62nd Precinct with no threat of a fine or of other action against them. The police want to discourage the dangerous and illegal practice of using fireworks as the Fourth of July celebrations approach, and they are offering this day as a way for people to follow the law.
The NYPD explains that, every year, thousands of people are injured by fireworks. The Annual Fireworks Report which is put out each year shows that close to 10,000 people get injured in America each year as a result of fireworks, and that the majority of these injuries occur around the 4th of July holiday.
On June 20th, from 9-5, anyone can come to the 62nd Precinct and drop off their fireworks.
As a side note, Last Saturday, in West Virginia, a fireworks tent went up in smoke…and fireworks…Fortunately no one was hurt and the neighborhood got quite a fireworks display. But this could have ended very badly. Make sure to get rid of those fireworks on Saturday!


text:
package org.systemsbiology.addama.commons.web.views;

import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.View;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Map;

import static javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND;
import static org.systemsbiology.addama.commons.web.utils.HttpIO.getMimeType;

/**
 * @author hrovira
 */
public class ResourceFileView implements View {
    public static final String RESOURCE = "RESOURCE";

    public String getContentType() {
        return null;
    }

    public void render(Map map, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        Resource r = (Resource) map.get(RESOURCE);
        if (!r.exists()) {
            response.setStatus(SC_NOT_FOUND);
            return;
        }

        InputStream inputStream = r.getInputStream();

        response.setContentType(getMimeType(request, r));
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=\"" + r.getFilename() + "\"");

        OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();

        byte[] buf = new byte[10000];
        int len;
        while ((len = inputStream.read(buf, 0, 1000)) > 0) {
            outputStream.write(buf, 0, len);
        }
        outputStream.close();
    }
}


text:
Carpooling with the Foo Fighters
By Kat Sep 21, 2017
Foo Fighters Rock Carpool Karaoke-The Foo Fighters were on James Corden's "Carpool Karaoke" last night.The news was revealed on Twitter Sunday with an animated GIF of Dave Grohl in the front seat with Corden and the rest of the band crammed in the back.
The "Late Late Show" segment had Corden jamming with "air" drumsticks and getting 100-percent into the tunes.It was unreal and unlike any carpool segment yet. Pick a hit… they did it. "All My Life" was a big highlight.The Foos new album "Concrete and Gold" was released on Friday.