text:
\section{Introduction}

The considerable modification of  the spectrum of high transverse momentum $(p_T)$ hadrons
produced in ultra-high energy heavy-ion collisions has now been established by experiments
at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC).
The number of such hadrons, irrespective of flavour,  with $p_T \geq 7$GeV
is reduced by almost a factor of 5 in central $Au$-$Au$ collisions compared to that
expected from elementary nucleon nucleon encounters
enhanced by the number of expected binary collisions~\cite{Adcox:2001jp,Adler:2002xw}.
This suppression, referred to as \emph{jet-quenching},
caused by the energy loss of  very energetic partons produced in
the few  hard  scatterings  that occur early in the collision, represents one of the
major theoretical predictions which have been substantiated by experiment~\cite{Wang:1991xy,Baier:1996kr}.
The basic underlying mechanism, that of induced gluon radiation from the hard parton traversing a
coloured environment, has by now been
expounded upon in multiple reviews~\cite{Baier:2000mf,Gyulassy:2003mc} and
there exists a certain consensus regarding the physics involved.

In the last several years, dramatic progress has been made both in experiment and theory. While measurements
on single inclusive observables have been extended to wider ranges in $p_T$ and over a variety of systems, there
has arisen a plethora of  multiparticle jet-like correlation observables, photon-jet, jet-medium and heavy flavour
observables~\cite{RHIC_Whitepapers}\footnote{See also Ref.~\cite{QM2006_talks} and references therein}.
On the theory side, calculations have evolved through multiple levels of complexity and have also been expanded
in scope to address the wide variety of new observables.
In the following, the status of energy loss schemes in the light flavour sector are reviewed.  New
observables capable of offering deeper insight into the structure of the dense matter produced
and differentiating between the various schemes, as well as new developments in the theory of jet modification and
correlations are outlined.

\section{The four schemes}

\begin{figure}
\hspace{1cm}
\resizebox{2in}{2in}{\includegraphics[0in,0in][5in,5in]{medium_scales.eps}}
\caption{A schematic picture of the various scales involved in the modification of jets in dense matter. }
\label{fig0}
\end{figure}

The majority of current approaches to the energy loss of light partons may
be divided into four major schemes often referred to by the names of the original
authors.
All schemes utilize a factorized approach where the
final cross section to produce a hadron $h$  with transverse momentum $p_T$
(rapidity between $y$ and $y+dy$)
may be expressed as a convolution of initial nuclear structure functions [$G_a^A(x_a),G_b^B(x_b) $, initial state
nuclear effects such as shadowing and Cronin effect are understood to be included] to produce
partons with momentum fractions $x_a,x_b$, a
hard partonic cross section to produce a high transverse momentum parton $c$ with a
transverse momentum $\hat{p}$ and a medium
modified fragmentation function for the final hadron [$\tilde{D}_c^h(z)$],

\bea
\fl \frac{d^2 \sg^h}{dy d^2 p_T} = \frac{1}{\pi} \int dx_a \int d x_b G^A_a(x_a) G^B_b(x_b)
\frac{d \sg_{ab \ra cX} }{d \hat{t}} \frac{\tilde{D}_c^h(z)}{z}. \label{basic_cross}
\eea

\nt
In the vicinity of mid-rapidity, $z=p_T/\hat{p}$ and $\hat{t} = (\hat{p} - x_a P)^2$  ($P$ is the
average incoming momentum of a nucleon in nucleus A).
The entire effect of energy loss is concentrated in the  calculation of the
modification to the fragmentation function. The four models of energy loss are in a
sense four schemes to estimate this quantity from perturbative QCD calculations.
To better appreciate the approximation schemes, one may introduce a set of scales (see Fig.~\ref{fig0}):
$E$ or $p^+$, the forward energy of the jet, $Q^2$, the virtuality of the initial jet-parton, $\mu$,
the momentum scale of the medium and $L$, its spatial extent. Most of the
differences between the various schemes may be reduced to the different
relations between these various scales assumed by each scheme as well
as by how each scheme treats or approximates the structure of the medium. In
all schemes, the forward energy of the jet far exceeds the medium scale, $E >> \mu$. The schemes
are presented from one extreme of the approximation set (higher twist approach)  to the opposite extreme
(finite temperature approach), similarities in intermediate steps of the calculation will not be repeated.

\subsection{Higher Twist}

The origin of the higher twist (HT) approximation scheme lies in the calculations of
medium enhanced higher twist corrections to the total cross section in
Deep-Inelastic Scattering (DIS) off large nuclei~\cite{Qiu:1990xx}. The essential
idea lies in the inclusion of power corrections to the leading twist cross sections,
which, though suppressed by powers of the hard scale $Q^2$, are enhanced by the
length of the medium. This technology of identifying and isolating power corrections
is used to compute the single hadron inclusive cross-section.

One assumes the
hierarchy of scales $E >> Q >> \mu$ and applies this to the computation of multiple Feynman
diagrams such as the one in the left panel of Fig.~\ref{fig1}, this diagram represents
the process of a hard virtual quark produced in a hard collision, which then radiates
a gluon and then scatters off a soft medium gluon with transverse momentum
$q_\perp \sim \mu$ prior to exiting the medium and fragmenting into hadrons.
At a given order, there exist various other contributions which involve scattering of
the initial quark off the soft gluon field prior to radiation as well as scattering of the
radiated gluon itself. All such contributions are combined coherently to calculate the
modification to the fragmentation function directly.

The hierarchy of scales allows
one to use the collinear approximation to factorize the fragmentation function and its
modification from the hard scatterring cross section.
Thus, even though such a modified
 fragmentation function is derived in DIS, it may be generalized to the kinematics of a
heavy-ion collision.
Diagrams where the outgoing parton scatters off the medium gluons,
 such as those in Fig.~\ref{fig1},
produce a medium dependent additive contribution to the vacuum fragmentation function,
which may be expressed as,

\bea
\fl \D D_i(z,Q^2) = \int_0^{Q^2} \frac{dk_{\perp}^2}{k_{\perp}^2}
\frac{\A_s}{2\pi} \left[ \int_{z_h}^1 \frac{dx}{x}
\sum_{j=q,g}\left\{ \D P_{i \ra j} (x,x_B,x_L,k_\perp^2)
D_j^{h} \left(\frac{z_h}{x} \right)
 \right\} \right].
 \label{med_mod}
\eea
\nt
In the above equation,  $\D P_{i\ra j}$
represents the medium modified splitting function of parton $i$ into $j$
where a momentum fraction $x$ is left in parton $j$.
The factor, $x_L = k_\perp^2/(2P^-p^+ x(1-x))$ \footnote{Throughout these proceedings, four-vectors
will often be referred to using the light cone convention where $x^\pm = (x^0 \pm x^3)/\sqrt{2}$. For the
higher-twist scheme, often, $x^+ = ( x^0 + x^3 )/2$ and $x^- = x^0 - x^3$.}, where
the radiated gluon or quark carries away a transverse momentum $k_\perp$, $P^-$ is
the incoming momentum of a nucleon in the nucleus and $p$ is the momentum of the
virtual photon. The medium modified splitting functions may be expressed as a product
of the vacuum splitting function $P_{i \ra j}$ and a medium dependent factor,

\bea
\fl \D \hat{P}_{i\ra j} &=& P_{i \ra j}  \frac{C_A 2\pi \A_s   T^A_{qg} (x_a,x_L)}{(k_\perp^2 +
\lc q_\perp^2 \rc)  N_c f_q^A(x_a)} .  \label{mod_split}
\eea
\nt
Where, $C_A,N_c$ represent the adjoint Casimir and the number of colours.
The mean
transverse momentum of the soft gluons is represented by the factor $\lc q_\perp^2 \rc$.
The term $T^A_{qg}$ represents the quark gluon correlation in the
nuclear medium, and depends on the four point correlator,

\bea
\fl \lc  P | \psibar (0)  \g^+ F_\sg^+ \!( y_2^- ) {F^{+}}^\sg\!(y_1^- ) \psi (y^-) | P \rc
\!\sim\!  C \lc p_1| \psibar (0)  \g^+ \psi (y^-) | p_1 \rc
 \lc p_2 |  F_\sg^+\!( y_2^- ) {F^{+}}^\sg \!(y_1^- )| p_2 \rc. \label{FF}
\eea
\nt
Where, $F_\sg^+ ( y_2^- )$ and $ {F^{+}}^\sg (y_1^- )$ represent gluon field
operators at the locations $y_1^-,y_2^-$ and $\psi(y)$ represents the quark field operator.
The above correlation function cannot be calculated from first principles without making
assumptions regarding the structure of the medium.
The only assumption
made is that that the colour correlation length is small.
As a result, one may factorize
the four point function into two separate structure functions, one for the original parton produced in the
hard scattering [this is a quark in Eq.~\eref{FF}] and one for the soft gluon off which
the parton scatters in the final state.

The entire phenomenology of the medium is incorporated as a model for the expectation of the
second set of operators in Eq.~\eref{FF}. The product of its absolute magnitude as well as
the correlation constant $C$ is set by fitting to one data point. Unlike the remaining formalisms,
the H-T approach is set up to directly calculate the medium modified fragmentation function
and as a result the final spectrum.
The determined constant, $C$, may be used to calculate
the average energy loss encountered by a jet. Another advantage of this approach is the
straightforward generalization to multiparticle correlations~\cite{Majumder:2004wh} and
their modification in the medium.

\begin{figure}
\hspace{1cm}
\resizebox{1.75in}{1.25in}{\includegraphics[0.5in,0.5in][5in,3.5in]{dis_6.eps}}
\hspace{1cm}
\resizebox{2.in}{1.25in}{\includegraphics[0.0in,-0.5in][7in,3.0in]{interp.eps}}
\caption{Left panel: a higher twist contribution to the modification of the fragmentation
function in medium. Right panel: a typical cut diagram in the AMY formalism.}
\label{fig1}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Opacity expansion: Reaction Operator Approach}

Unlike the higher twist or the finite temperature approaches,
this formalism, often referred to as the Gyulassy-Levai-Vitev (GLV) scheme~\cite{Gyulassy:1999zd},
and other opacity expansion schemes were constructed primarily to deal with the
problem of energy loss in dense deconfined matter.
The GLV scheme assumes the medium to be composed of heavy almost static
colour scattering
centers which are well separated in the sense that the mean free path of a jet
$\lambda \gg 1/\mu$ the colour screening length of the medium~\cite{Gyulassy:1993hr} .
The opacity of the medium $\bar{n}$ quantifies the number of scattering centers seen  by a
jet as it passes through the medium, \tie, $\bar{n} = L/\lambda$, where $L$ is the
thickness of the medium. The opacity or gluon number density is the quantity used to
model the presence of the medium.

A hard jet is produced locally in such a plasma with a large forward
energy $p^+ \gg \mu$ and almost immediately begins to shower soft gluons.
The typical transverse momentum of the radiated gluons is similar in order of magnitude to the
transverse momentum imparted from the medium \tie, $E>> Q \sim \mu$.
The colour
centers are assumed to produce a screened Yukawa potential.
At first order in opacity, a jet scatters off
one such potential and picks up a
transverse momentum $\vec{q}_\perp$; in the process it will radiate a gluon with
momentum $k \equiv ( xp^+,\frac{k_\perp^2}{xp^+}, \vk_\perp)$. The scattering
may happen before or after the radiation. Squaring such contributions and including
interference terms between vacuum radiation and double scattering, leads, in the
limit of $x \ra 0$ (and ignoring spin effects), to the soft gluon differential emission
distribution at first order in
opacity~\cite{Gyulassy:1999zd},

\bea
\fl x\frac{dN}{dx dk_\perp^2} &=& x \frac{dN}{dx dk_\perp^2} \frac{L}{\lambda_g}
\int_0^{q_{max}^2} d^2 {q}_\perp \frac{\mu_{eff}^2}{\pi ({q}_\perp^2 + \mu^2 )^2}
\frac{2 k_\perp \x {q}_\perp ( k- q_1)^2 L^2  }{ 16x^2 E^2 + (k - q)_\perp^2L^2}. \label{GLV2}
\eea
\nt
In the above equation, $\lambda_g$ is the mean free path of the radiated gluon. Consideration
of single inclusive gluon emission from multiple scattering requires the use of a recursive diagrammatic procedure~\cite{Gyulassy:2000er}. The inclusion of such diagrams allows for the computation of
gluon distributions to finite order ($n\geq 1$) in opacity.

Due to the soft limit \tie, $x\ra 0$ used, multiple gluon emissions are required
for a substantial amount of
energy loss. Each such emission at a given opacity is assumed independent and a
probabilistic scheme is set up, wherein, the jet loses an energy fraction $\ep$ in
$n$ tries with a Poisson distribution~\cite{Gyulassy:2001nm},

\bea
\fl P_n(\ep,P^+) = \frac{e^{-\lc N_g \rc} }{n!} \Pi_{i=1}^n \llb \int d x_i \frac{dN_g}{dx_i} \lrb
\kd(\ep - \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i  ) , \label{GLV3}
\eea

\nt
where, $\lc N_g \rc$ is the mean number of gluons radiated per coherent interaction set.
Summing over $n$ gives the probability  $P(\ep)$ for  an incident jet to lose
a momentum fraction $\ep$
due to its passage through the medium. This is then used to model a medium
modified fragmentation function, by shifting the energy fraction available to
produce a hadron (as well as accounting for the phase space available after energy loss),

\bea
\fl \tilde{D}(z,Q^2) = \int_0^{1} d\ep  P(\ep) \frac{D\left( \frac{z}{1-\ep},Q^2\right)}{1-\ep}. \label{GLV4}
\eea
\nt
The above, modified fragmentation function is then used in a factorized formalism as in Eq.~\eref{basic_cross}
to calculate the final hadronic spectrum.

\subsection{Opacity expansion: Path Integral Approach}

The path integral approach for the energy loss of  a hard jet propagating
in a coloured medium was first introduced in Ref.~\cite{Zakharov:1996fv}.
It was later demonstrated to be equivalent to the well known BDMPS
approach~\cite{BDMPS}. The current, most widespread, variant of this
approach developed by numerous authors is often referred to as the
Armesto-Salgado-Wiedemann (ASW) approach. In this scheme, one
incorporates the effect of multiple scattering of the incoming  and
outgoing partons in terms of a path integral over a path ordered
Wilson line~\cite{Wiedemann:2000ez}.

Similar to the GLV approach, this formalism also assumes a model for
the medium as an assembly of Debye screened heavy scattering centers.
A hard, almost on shell,  parton traversing such a medium will
 engender multiple transverse scatterings of  order $\mu \ll p^+$. It will in the
process split into an outgoing parton and a radiated gluon which will also scatter
multiply in the medium. The radiation, being brought about by the multiple scattering
has a transverse momentum $k_\perp \sim \mu$ (similar to the GLV and different from the HT approach).
The propagation of the incoming (outgoing) partons as well as that of the radiated gluon
in this background colour field may be expressed in terms of  effective Green's functions
[$G(\vecr_\perp,z ; \vecr_{\perp}\,\p, z\p)$ (for quark or gluon)] which obey the obvious
Dyson-Schwinger
equation,

\bea
\fl G(\vecr_\perp,z ; \vec{r\p}_\perp, z\p) = G_0(\vecr_\perp,z ; \vec{r\p}_{\perp}, z\p) -i \int_z^{z\p}\!\!\!\!\!\! d \zeta \!\!\int \!\!\! d^2\vx
G_0(\vecr_\perp, z; \vx, \zeta) A_0(\vx,\zeta) G (\vx, \zeta; \vec{r\p}_{\perp}, z\p)  \label{ASW1},
\eea
\nt
where, $G_0$ is the free Green's function and $A_0$ represents the colour potential of  the medium.
The solution for the above interacting Green's function involves a path ordered Wilson line  which
follows the potential from the location $[\vecr_{\perp}(z\p), z\p]$ to $[\vecr_{\perp}(z), z]$. Expanding
the expression for the radiation cross section to order $A_0^{2n}$ corresponds to an expansion
up to $n^{th}$ order in opacity.

Taking the high energy limit and the soft radiation approximation ($x<<1$), one focuses on isolating
the leading behaviour in $x$ that arises from the large number of  interference diagrams at a given
order of opacity. As a result of the approximations made, one recovers the BDMPS condition that
the leading behaviour in $x$ is contained solely in gluon re-scattering diagrams.  This results in the
expression for the inclusive energy distribution for gluon radiation off an in-medium produced parton as~\cite{Wiedemann:2000tf},

\bea
\fl x\frac{dI}{dx} &=& \frac{\A_s C_R}{(2\pi)^2 x^2} 2 {\rm Re}\!\!\! \int\limits_{\zeta_0}^\infty \!\!\!d y_l
\!\!\int\limits_{y_l}^{\infty} \!\!\! d \bar{y}_l
\!\!\int \!\!\! d\vec{u}\!\!\!\! \int\limits_0^{\chi x p^+} \!\!\! d \vec{k} e^{- i \vk \x \vec{u} - \hf \int d\zeta n(\zeta) \sg(\vec{u}) }
\!\!\!\!\frac{\prt^2}{\prt y \prt u}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\int\limits_{\vec{y}=0=\vecr(y_l)}^{\vec{u}=\vecr(\bar{y})}\!\!\!\!\! \mathcal{D}r
e^{i\int d\zeta \frac{xp^+}{2} \left( |\dot{\vecr}|^2  - \frac{n(\zeta) \sg(\vecr) }{i xp^+}\right)}, \label{ASW2}
 \eea
\nt
where, as always, $k_\perp$ is the transverse momentum of
the radiated gluon and $xp^+$ is its forward momentum.
The vectors $\vec{y}$ and $\vec{u}$ represent
 the transverse locations of the emission of the gluon in
the amplitude and the complex conjugate whereas $y_l$ and $\bar{y}_l$
 represent the longitudinal positions.  The density of
scatterers in the medium at location $\zeta$ is $n(\zeta)$ and
 the scattering cross section is $\sg(r)$. In this form, the
opacity is obtained as $\int n(\zeta) d \zeta$ over the extent of the medium.

Numerical implementations of this scheme have focused on
 two separate regimes. In one case, $\sg(r)$ is replaced with a
dipole form $Cr^2$ and one solves the harmonic oscillator like
 path integral. This corresponds to the case of multiple
soft scatterings of the hard probe. In the other extreme, one expands
the exponent as a series in $n\sigma$; keeping
only the leading order term corresponds to the picture of gluon
radiation associated with a single scattering. In this second form, the analytical
results of the ASW scheme formally approach those of the GLV reaction
operator expansion~\cite{Wiedemann:2000tf}.

In either
case, the gluon emission intensity distribution has been found to
be rather similar, once scaled with the characteristic
frequency in each case. Beyond this, the calculation of the total
energy loss in the ASW scheme follows a procedure
similar to that in the GLV approach, where, a probabilistic scheme to
lose an energy fraction $\ep$ in multiple independent
emissions is set up, as in Eq.~\eref{GLV3}. This is used to
calculate the medium modified fragmentation function~\cite{Eskola:2004cr}, as in
Eq.~\eref{GLV4}.

\subsection{Finite temperature field theory approach}

In this scheme, often referred to as the Arnold-Moore-Yaffe (AMY) approach, the energy loss of hard
jets is considered in an
extended medium in equilibrium at asymptotically high temperature $T \ra \infty$.
Due to asymptotic freedom,  the coupling constant
$g \ra 0$ at such high temperatures and a power counting scheme emerges from the
ability to identify  a hierarchy of parametrically separated
scales $T >> gT >> g^2 T$ \etc
In this limit, it becomes possible to construct an effective field theory of soft modes, \tie, $p \sim gT$ by
summing contributions from  hard loops with $p \sim T$, into effective propagators and vertices~\cite{Braaten:1989kk}.

One assumes a hard on-shell parton, with energy several
times that of the temperature, traversing such a
medium, undergoing soft scatterings with momentum transfers $\sim gT$ off other hard
partons in the medium. Such soft scatterings induce collinear radiation from the parton, with
a transverse momentum of the order of $g T$. The formation time for such collinear
radiation $\sim 1/(g^2T) $ is of the same order of magnitude as the mean free time
between soft scatterings~\cite{Arnold:2001ba}. As a result, multiple scatterings of the
incoming (outgoing) parton
and the radiated gluon need to be considered to get the leading order gluon radiation rate.
One essentially calculates the imaginary parts of infinite order ladder diagrams such as
those shown in the right panel of Fig.~\ref{fig1}; this is done by means of integral
equations~\cite{Arnold:2002ja}.

The imaginary parts of such ladder diagrams yield  the $1\ra2$ decay
rates of a hard parton $(a)$ into a radiated gluon and another parton $(b)$ $\Gamma_{bg}^a$.  These
decay rates are then used to evolve hard quark and gluon distributions from the initial hard
collisions,
when they are formed, to the time when they exit the medium, by means of a Fokker-Planck
like equation~\cite{Jeon:2003gi}, which is written schematically as,

\bea
\fl \frac{d P_a(p)}{d t} = \int dk \sum_{b,c} \left[ P_b(p+k) \frac{d\Gamma^b_{ac}(p+k,p)}{dk dt}
- P_a(p) \frac{d \Gamma^a_{bc}(p,k)}{dk dt}  \right] . \label{AMY1}
\eea

The initial distributions are taken from a factorized hard scattering cross section as in
Eq.~\eref{basic_cross}. A medium modified fragmentation function is modelled by the
convolution of the vacuum fragmentation functions with the hard parton
distributions, at exit, to produce the final hadronic spectrum~\cite{Turbide:2005fk},

\bea
\fl \tilde{D}^h(z) = \int dp_f \frac{z\p}{z} \sum_a P_{a} (p_f;p_i) D^{h}_a(z\p). \label{AMY2}
\eea

\nt
Where, the sum over $a$ is the sum over all parton species. The two momentum fractions are
$z=p_h/p_i$ and $z\p=p_h/p_f$, where $p_i$ and $p_f$  are the momenta of the hard partons
immediately after the hard scattering and prior to exit from the medium. The integral above
depends on the path taken by the parton through the medium, which in turn depends on the
location of origin of the jet and its angle with respect to the reaction plane. The model of the
medium is essentially contained in the space-time profile chosen for the temperature.

\section{Comparisons to data and future directions}

At the energies of collision at RHIC, complete jets cannot be resolved from
the large background of particles produced; energy loss is deduced from a leading
particle analysis.
The primary observable in this regard is the nuclear modification factor
for high $p_T$ particles as a function of $p_T$ and as a function of the
centrality of collision. All four schemes have made successful comparisons to the
available data as shown in Figs.~\ref{fig2},\ref{fig3}. While the qualitative
descriptions of the medium differ between the various models, all such descriptions
may be subjected to comparison via a single parameter: the transport coefficient
$\hat{q}$, defined as the average squared transverse momentum imparted to the
jet per unit path length traversed in the medium.

In all four schemes, this one parameter or
one directly related to it is tuned to fit the data.
In the ASW scheme, $\hat{q}$ is the fit parameter.
In the GLV scheme, it depends on the density of scattering centers
($dN/dy$, which is the fit parameter) and the screening
length in the medium. In the higher twist scheme, $\hat{q}$
depends on the gluon density of the medium, which constitutes
the fit parameter. In the AMY scheme, the fit
parameter is the temperature ($T$) and
$\hat{q}$ depends on $T$. It is in these derived
values of $\hat{q}$ that differences arise between the
various schemes. The GLV scheme uses an
effective length as a substitute for a full space-time
density profile and quotes a value of
$\hat{q}\leq 1 \gev^2/$fm, averaged over
the space-time profile of the collision.  The closely
related ASW scheme quotes a value of
$\hat{q}\leq 1 \gev^2/$fm for calculations employing an a similar
effective length of $\sim6$ fm.
However, for realistic geometries, a value of $5$-$15\gev^2/$fm is
deduced. The H-T
scheme quotes a value of $\sim 1-2\gev^2/$fm as the
maximum value at a time $\tau=1$fm,
while the AMY approach calculates a
$\hat{q}\sim 2 \gev^2/$fm at a
$T\simeq300$MeV; in both cases, this implies a
$\hat{q}\leq 1 \gev^2/$fm averaged over the life-time of the collision.

\begin{figure}
\hspace{1cm}
\resizebox{2in}{2in}{\includegraphics[1in,3in][11in,15in]{glv.eps}}
\hspace{1cm}
\resizebox{2in}{2in}{\includegraphics[0.0in,0.25in][5in,5.25in]{pqm.eps}}
\caption{$R_{AA}$ as a function of $p_T$ and centrality in GLV (left) and ASW (right)
compared to experimental data.
The ASW plots used correspond to the PQM version of Ref.~\cite{Dainese:2004te}. The
GLV plots are from Ref.~\cite{Vitev:2005he}.}
\label{fig2}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\hspace{1cm}
\resizebox{2in}{2in}{\includegraphics[1.0in,0.5in][7in,7.9in]{amy.eps}}
\hspace{1cm}
\resizebox{2in}{2in}{\includegraphics[0.0in,2.1in][4.7in,8.7in]{ht.ps}}
\caption{$R_{AA}$ as a function of $p_T$ and centrality in AMY~\cite{simon} (left panel) and HT~\cite{Wang:2003mm}
(right panel) compared to experimental data. }
\label{fig3}
\end{figure}

Two comments are in order: of the four schemes, the ASW and the GLV are most closely related
in terms of basic physical picture and calculational scheme used whereas the HT and the AMY
approaches are notably different in their origins. As a result, the difference in the
estimates of $\hat{q}$ between the ASW and GLV approaches and the similarity between
the AMY and the HT schemes is remarkable. A heuristic explanation for the former has
been provided by the ASW authors: in a calculation with realistic geometry,
 the average path length
traversed by a jet was found to be  $L\sim2$ fm, three times smaller than that used in
the fixed length estimates; as energy loss depends quadratically on $L$, the
effective $\hat{q}$ extracted was nine times larger.
The second observation (regarding AMY and HT)
may be understood as the result of the series of approximations made in
each case. It has been demonstrated that the high temperature medium described by the HTL
effective theory may also be understood in terms of a Vlasov theory of hard particles with mometa
$\sim T$ moving under the influence of soft $\sim gT$ fields~\cite{Blaizot:1993zk}.
The jet parton is identified as
similar to the hard modes $\sim T$ in terms of its propagation through the medium.
A similar picture of
hard partons moving under the influence of soft fields via the effect of a colour Lorentz
force, also arises in an all twist re-summation, if it is assumed that the colour correlation
length in the medium is short~\cite{Fries:2002mu}.

However, the radiation spectrum as well as the hierarchy of scales used in each of the
different approaches remains different. Single inclusive observables such as the $R_{AA}$
reveal an overall effect of energy loss, where the differences between the various
schemes may be masked by a renormalization of the undetectable properties of the medium.
To demonstratively distinguish between the various schemes requires the use of differential
probes (beyond leading hadrons) emanating from the same jet. To date, such calculations
have been performed at the integrated level~\cite{Majumder:2004wh,Renk:2006nd}. In the
left panel of Fig.~\ref{fig4}, calculations of the variation of the integrated yield of hadrons,
associated with a hard trigger hadron, as a function of centrality of the collision are plotted. The yield, naturally
depends on the detected flavour content, which depends on the ability of the detector to account for
decay corrections. The theoretical curves represent two extreme possibilities, where
only charged pions are detected or all charged hadrons are detected including contributions from
all decay corrections. The slight rise with centrality in the theoretical curves is due to the larger amount
of near side energy loss in more central collisions.
Yet another method to test the scheme dependence of energy loss is via single inclusive probes,
subjected to a more differential analysis \eg, the $R_{AA}$ versus the reaction plane~\cite{Majumder:2006we}.
Such measurements will not only resolve the differences in medium profiles between the various schemes, but
produce more detailed probes of the evolving medium as seen at the scale of the jet.

The study of energy loss in dense matter encompasses, not merely a study of a single
medium property $\hat{q}$ in terms of its effect on parton propagation, but through
hard-soft correlations, can be extended to a study of how the lost energy is redistributed
by the medium. Phenomenological studies of hard-soft correlations indicate that the
lost energy seems to excite collective density excitations in the medium~\cite{Casalderrey-Solana:2006sq}.
However, alternate explanations in terms of Cherenkov radiation~\cite{Koch:2005sx} or
in-medium Sudakov effects in jet radiation~\cite{Polosa:2006hb} have not
been ruled out.
While such a study lies outside the reach of perturbative QCD, a precise
determination of the mechanism of energy loss and its distribution along the path of the
jet become crucial to all model studies of energy redistribution. The requirement of
unambiguous results, necessarily confines the
study of energy loss mechanisms and associated measurements beyond the reach of
final state bulk-medium  effects such as recombination, \tie, $p_T \geq 7\gev$.
Such detailed studies will ultimately require higher statistics in the experimental measurements
at high transverse momenta and predictions from all four schemes for the same measurement.

In spite of its long history,
developments in the basic theory of jet modification continue to be made.
It has recently been proposed that $\hat{q}$ may posses a tensorial
structure~\cite{Majumder:2006wi}, where the scalar
$\hat{q} = \kd^{ij} \hat{q}_{ij}$. An example where such a situation may arise is in the
presence of  large
turbulent colour fields, which may be generated in the early
plasma due to anisotropic parton distributions~\cite{weibel,Asakawa:2006tc}. These
large fields, transverse to the beam, tend to deflect radiated gluons
from a transversely traveling jet, preferentially, in the longitudinal directions.
While such effects influence the solid angle distributions of the radiated gluons
around the originating parton, they do not have a considerable effect on the
total energy lost.
Such phenomena may yield an explanation for the ridge like structure seen in the
near side correlations. In a Ref.~\cite{Majumder:2006wi},
a quantitative estimate of this broadening was made and the results were found to
decrease with increasing energy of the radiated gluon as shown in the center panel of
Fig.~\ref{fig4}. Here the angular profile of radiated gluons in azimuth ($\phi$) and
pseudo-rapidity $(\eta)$ at production and at exit from an expanding medium
is plotted. Results are for two energies of the original jet of 10 and
20 GeV, formed at a depth of 3 fm inside the medium. The radiated gluon always
carries a fraction $x=0.4$ of the jet's energy.

\begin{figure}
\hspace{-0.7cm}
\resizebox{2.6in}{2in}{\includegraphics[0.0in,0.7in][7.5in,6.0in]{near_side.eps}}
\hspace{-2.3cm}
\resizebox{2.6in}{2in}{\includegraphics[-0.8in,0.4in][5.5in,7in]{double_plot_2.eps}}
\hspace{-2.3cm}
\resizebox{2.6in}{2in}{\includegraphics[-0.8in,0.3in][3.2in,2.7in]{away_side.eps}}
\caption{Left: The near side associated yield as a function of centrality of collision~\cite{Majumder:2004wh}.
Center: the associated gluon distribution in azimuth and
pseudo-rapidity from a hard jet just after production(Initial) and at exit from a medium
with turbulent transverse fields (Final)~\cite{Majumder:2006wi}.
Right: the triggered associated fragmentation function
$D(z_T,p_T^{trig})$ and its ratio in $Au$-$Au$ with that in $p$-$p$~\cite{Zhang:2007ja}.}
\label{fig4}
\end{figure}

In most jet quenching calculations, the hard cross section
for both single inclusive and double inclusive observables has to date been computed
at leading order~\cite{Renk:2006nd,Qiu:2003pm}.
Recently, such calculations have been
extended to next-to-leading order (NLO)~\cite{Zhang:2007ja}. Here, the authors
computed both single inclusive as well as triggered  back-to-back distributions of
leading hadrons.
The right most panel of Fig.~\ref{fig4} shows the $p_T^{trig}$
weighted differential cross section to produce an associated hadron with a given $p_T^{assoc}\!\!$, given a
trigger hadron [also referred to as the triggered fragmentation function $D(z_T, p_T^{trig.})$, where $z_T=p_T^{assoc}/p_T^{trig}$]. Also plotted is
the ratio of this cross section in $Au$-$Au$ with that in $p$-$p$ referred to as the $I_{AA}$.
Such developments along with emerging computations, of heavy quark energy loss and photon
hadron correlations hold promise for the central role of jet-medium interactions
in heavy-ion physics.

The author thanks N.~Armesto, S.~A.~Bass, C.~Gale, S.~Jeon, C.~Loizides, G.~Moore, B.~Muller,
T.~Renk, C.~Salgado, S.~Turbide, I.~Vitev, X.~N.~Wang and U.~Wiedemann for helpful discussions.
Work supported in part by grants from the U.S. department of energy (DE-FG02-05ER41367) and
National Science Foundation (NSF-INT-03-35392).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


As a newly minted independent content creator or whatever, I am no longer required by my employer to brainstorm shameless ways to mention products in conjunction with an upcoming set of gift-giving holidays. Fortunately, I'm not barred from it, either.
That being said, on the site I'm going to write a few articles about things I like, so that if they sound good, you might try them out or even give them as a gift. If it was the sort of season when one would do that sort of thing.
As I was reviewing Apple's new Retina iMac I went out and bought one for myself. Yes, I was in the market for a new computer and had some money I needed to spend, but using the new iMac for even a few days was enough to convince me that I needed to get one.
Yes, the display is gorgeous, but the iMac packs processing and graphics power too. Outside of a high-end Mac Pro you will not find a faster Mac. No, it's not cheap, but $2499 for one of the fastest Macs around attached to a screen so big that even 4K video plays with room to spare… that seems like a pretty good deal.
I love the 11-inch MacBook Air. It's Apple's cheapest laptop, but it's still fast and versatile. Yes, there may be Retina MacBook Air models appearing in 2015, but will they start at $899? All signs point to no. As a travel Mac the 11-inch is a perfect size. Until I got my iMac, I also hooked my MacBook Air up to an external display and used it as my desktop Mac too. The Intel i5 processor and the fast flash storage meant I rarely felt any slowdowns.
Yes, Apple came out with the iPad mini 3 this year. I think the iPad mini 2's the better buy. The iPad mini 3 is $100 more expensive than the iPad mini 2, but all that's really changed is the addition of Touch ID. I like Touch ID on my iPhone, but it seems less necessary on an iPad, especially if that addition is going to cost you $100.
Unfortunately, the existence of the iPad mini 3 means that the iPad mini 2 isn't available in as many variations as it used to be. There are only 16GB and 32GB models, so if you need to max out on storage, you can't choose this path. Even the $349 32GB iPad mini 2 is a pretty good deal, compared to the $499 64GB iPad mini 3.
I wish Apple had upgraded the iPad mini 3 with the same tech as the iPad Air 2, but that didn't happen. Instead, by keeping the iPad mini 2 on the price list, Apple's providing an awfully nice price for a great little iPad. This is the iPad I use every day, happily.
The question of the fall was iPhone 6 or iPhone 6 Plus? I'm firmly on the side of the iPhone 6. I've been loving my iPhone 6 since the day I got it. Though the iPhone 6 Plus has its fans, I don't think it's an iPad replacement and it's just too large for my taste. It's not a bad product, especially for basketball players and similarly giant people, but it's not what I would choose. Or recommend.
I bought a Tivo Roamio a year ago and I'm still loving it. I haven't used the latest iterations of every cable and satellite company's DVRs, obviously, but after several years with DirecTV's serviceable DVR technology, moving back to TiVo was a pleasure. I can offload recorded shows to watch on the TiVo app, and the two other TVs in my house have a TiVo Mini attached, so they've got access to live TV and all the recordings on the main DVR.
The Roamio does more than just TV, too. We also use it to watch Netflix, YouTube, Amazon Prime Video, Comcast On Demand, MLB TV, and Vudu. I love it.
I'm still wearing the Pebble, and still liking it. It's a basic smartwatch with some good hardware, improving software, and very long battery life. I get the distinct feeling that next year will be an Apple Watch kind of year for me, but at $99 the regular Pebble is priced right. It's the watch I wear most days. I'm wearing it right now.
This is a weird one, but I use it all the time: The Avantree Roxa is a tiny Bluetooth receiver. I have it plugged in next to my (long-discontinued) Squeezebox Boom music player. The Boom's a great music player and it's got a line-in jack for auxiliary input, but no support for Bluetooth. That's where the Roxa comes in: I connect my iPhone to it via Bluetooth, and it plays the audio through the Boom's aux jack. It's even got a USB port for device charging. I picked this up at CES and I honestly haven't compared it to other, similar devices. But I highly recommend devices like these to retrofit older speakers with line-in jacks into Bluetooth-capable devices.


text:
Writing Radar
Using Your Journal to Snoop Out and Craft Great Stories
Jack Gantos
READ AN EXCERPT →
224 Pages, Ages 9-12
The Newbery Award–winning author of Dead End in Norvelt shares advice for how to be the best brilliant writer in this funny and practical creative writing guide perfect for all kids who dream of seeing their name on the spine of a book.
With the signature wit and humor that have garnered him legions of fans, Jack Gantos instructs young writers on using their "writing radar" to unearth story ideas from their everyday lives. Incorporating his own misadventures as a developing writer, Gantos inspires readers to build confidence and establish good writing habits as they create, revise, and perfect their stories. Pop-out text boxes highlight key tips, alongside Gantos's own illustrations, sample stories, and snippets from his childhood journals. More than just a how-to guide, Writing Radar is a celebration of the power of storytelling and an ode to the characters who—many unwittingly—inspired Gantos's own writing career.
Praise for Writing Radar:
Evanston IL Public Library Best Books of the Year
CPL: Chicago Public Library Best of the Best
"An excellent guide for aspiring authors. . . And while the book is directed at serious writers in the making, there's enough exaggeration and grossness to keep readers laughing." —Publishers Weekly, starred review
"Gantos's journey as a young writer learning his craft and the stories he actually wrote in middle school, all told with his characteristic humor, will appeal to fans of his novels whether or not they aspire to a writing career. Teachers … More…
"Gantos's journey as a young writer learning his craft and the stories he actually wrote in middle school, all told with his characteristic humor, will appeal to fans of his novels whether or not they aspire to a writing career. Teachers will also find Gantos's breakdown on the creation of a story valuable for teaching critical reading as well as writing skills." —VOYA, starred review
CPL: Chicago Public Library Best of the Best, Evanston IL Public Library Best Books of the Year
I'm a writer and I'm on your side.
There comes a time when every good reader decides they want to write a book, so I'm writing this book just for you. You have chosen to read this book because you want...
READ THE FULL EXCERPT →
Writing Radar in the Classroom
Learn more about WRITING RADAR from Jack Gantos himself! Learn more at JackGantos.com The Newbery Award–winning author of Dead End in Norvelt shares advice for how to be the best brilliant writer in this funny and practical creative writing guide perfect for all kids who dream of seeing their name on the spine of a book.
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Praise for Writing Radar
"Never less than entertaining and sometimes laugh-out-loud funny, [this is] a focused, fun, and uncommonly useful guide for young, aspiring writers." —Booklist, starred review
"A must for aspiring writers." —School Library Journal, starred review
"A standout among writing guides, valuable for its sage and friendly encouragement and for the sheer fun of hanging out with Jack." —Kirkus Reviews
"With humor and swift pacing, the author of the "Joey Pigza" books and "Dead End in Norvelt" spills all of his writing secrets about making stories out of everyday life. [Writing Radar] will probably make you want to read Gantos's stories as well as to create your own." —Washington Post
"Oh man! Do NOT read this book. Unless you want to become a real writer. Gantos has given up almost every hard-earned writing secret in his trademark sharp, funny, crazy, and brilliant way." —Jon Scieszka, Inaugural National Ambassador for Young People's Literature
"When I was a kid, Jack Gantos visited my classroom and gave me encouragement that I'll never forget. Now, with this book, young writers everywhere will be able to learn from this master storyteller. What a gift Mr. Gantos has given to the world by taking us through his creative process." —Jarrett J. Krosoczka, New York Times–bestselling author/illustrator of the Lunch Lady series
"This is my Book of the Year. I can't think of one I'd rather put into kids' hands. It is laugh-out-loud funny, poignant in spots, and it wil… More…
"This is my Book of the Year. I can't think of one I'd rather put into kids' hands. It is laugh-out-loud funny, poignant in spots, and it will teach young people how and why to write. It will be a life-changer for kids and for those of us who teach them." —Lucy Calkins, Director of the Reading and Writing Project, Teachers College, Columbia University
Jack Gantos has written books for people of all ages. His works include Hole in My Life, a Michael L. Printz Honor memoir, Joey Pigza Swallowed the Key, a National Book Award Finalist, and Dead End in Norvelt, a Newbery Award winner. The seeds for Jack's writing career were planted in sixth grade, when he read his sister's diary and decided he could write better than she could. He began to collect anecdotes he overheard, mostly from eavesdropping outside the teachers' lounge, and later included many of these anecdotes in his books. He now devotes his time to writing books and educational speaking. He lives with his family in Boston, Massachusetts.
Newbery Medal Winner
Macmillan Speakers: Jack Gantos
Macmillan Speakers ?
Macmillan Speakers Bureau
Represents thought-provoking authors and experts. We can find a speaker uniquely positioned for your audience and budget.
Tweetsby @mackidsbooks
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa, OGITECH post UTME/Admission screening application form for the 2017/2018 academic session is out.
Admission vacancies exist for suitably qualified candidates for the award of National Diploma(ND) certificates into the under listed courses on a Full-Time basis at Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa.
1 OGUN STATE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AVAILABLE ND PROGRAMMES.
2 OGUN STATE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ND PROGRAMMES – ENTRY REQUIREMENTS.
OGUN STATE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AVAILABLE ND PROGRAMMES.
OGUN STATE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ND PROGRAMMES – ENTRY REQUIREMENTS.
viii. Print a copy of the completed acknowledgment slip, attach a copy of O'level result(s), birth certificate and the State of Origin and submit at the main campus, Igbesa.
Parents, guardians and prospective applicants are strongly advised not to patronize any Syndicate, Tout or Study Centre, whosoever does so is at his/her own risk. BE GUIDED ACCORDINGLY.


text:
HaasOnline Announces a Drag-And-Drop Visual Editor That Allows Crypto Algorithms to Be Created Without Coding
Users can leverage the easy-to-use visual designer to rapidly create technical indicators, automated crypto trading strategies, perform fast backtests, generate and analyze trade signals, and more.
September 2019, Rotterdam, Netherlands – HaasOnline Software, the creators of advanced crypto trading products, has announced the release of a Visual Editor, which leverages their overhauled scripting language, HaasScript. Users can choose between the newly released drag-and-drop visual editor or use the updated text-based editor while developing complex scripts to use with HaasOnline Trade Server.
Their powerful visual editor allows for an efficient way to organize and edit command blocks that make up the logic of how a specific script will execute. The visual designer is immensely helpful for users who have minimal programming experience but are looking to maximize their trade automation with a feature-rich scripting language. Users can switch to the text-based editor with IntelliSense to control exactly what's going on under the hood of their scripts. All of this new functionality is made possible by using the growing library of over five hundred built-in and user-created commands that run on the latest version of HaasScript.
"With the introduction of the Visual Editor, which utilizes HaasScript, we have made it easy for users who don't code to create scripts. We are happy with the feedback we have been receiving from the community." said Quintus de Haas, HaasOnline's chief technology officer. "Our development team has been working extremely hard to create and refine the world's most advanced scripting language and tools for crypto automation."
This latest string of releases is just the start of the next wave of innovations coming from HaasOnline Software. Upcoming releases will include a community marketplace for users to exchange custom technical indicators and automated trading strategies that are created with HaasScript. In addition, users will be able to subscribe to third-party signal providers.
About HaasOnline
HaasOnline Software® and the signature HaasBot® trade bot empower cryptocurrency traders and investors to increase margins of profitably, reduce human errors, and increase efficiency. HaasOnline Trade Server is the driving force that automates trade strategies for thousands of cryptocurrency hobbyists, professionals, and institutional investors. HaasOnline Software is the creator of the original Bitcoin trade bot as well as the #1 trusted cryptocurrency trade platform available on the market over the last five years.
For more information or a product demonstration, please contact:
Jeff Vernon
HaasOnline Limited
jeff (at) haasonline.com
https://www.haasonline.com/
Full Risk Disclosure
Cryptocurrency, forex, futures, and stocks contain substantial risk and are not for every investor. An investor could potentially lose all or more than the initial investment. Risk capital is money that can be lost without jeopardizing ones financial security or lifestyle. Only risk capital should be used for trading and only those with sufficient risk capital should consider trading. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results.
Disclosure: This is a sponsored article
haasonline
The writer of this post is a guest. Opinions in the article are solely of the writer and do not reflect Null TX's view.


text:
About Us Leadership Council Partners Investors Staff ▸ Careers
Thank You for Your Interest in Joining The Commit Partnership Team
We are constantly looking for leaders who want to change the education landscape across Dallas County. Become part of our team of hard-working, smart, fun people! Currently, we have the following positions available:
Associate, Analytics
The Partnership seeks an analytical, detail-oriented, enthusiastic and self-motivated team member to assist in managing the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and dissemination of data to support Partnership activities in improving student outcomes. The Analytics Associate will report to a Manager of Analytics and work closely with many members of the Commit team whose work ranges from Early Childhood to College Access & Success. The Associate will have access to great learning experiences with opportunities to stretch themselves and will be exposed to high impact education work. Entry-level candidates will be considered.
Associate, Philanthropy
We may be a small team, but we don't have small jobs. Every position on the Strategic Philanthropy Team is important, and that's doubly true for this role. The Associate will have a unique level of exposure to the work of the organization and to the broader Dallas County educational community with the primary responsibility of completely and compellingly translating this work and impact into accurate and customized fundraising narratives that compel national and local funders to invest in the Commit Partnership in addition to developing/implementing processes to increase efficiency.
The Commit Partnership seeks a hard-working team player to serve as the Executive Administrative Assistant to Commit's Executive Team, reporting to the organization's Chief of Staff. This key position will support the Executive Team in its day-to-day management of the organization, making an important contribution to Commit's goal of ensuring that all North Texas students receive an excellent and equitable education.
Director, College and Workforce Alignment
The Commit Partnership, under its Dallas County Promise initiative, seeks a passionate, hard-working individual to serve in a full-time position as the Director of College and Workforce Alignment reporting to the Managing Director of the Promise effort. This key position will help drive organizational efforts focused on increasing the numbers of underrepresented students that are ready for, enrolling in, persisting through, and completing post-secondary credentials within college that are aligned to current needs of the North Texas workforce.
The Director of Finance (Controller) is responsible for oversight of all finance and accounting activities for the organization: accounts payable & receivable, financial reporting and controls, annual audit, as well as grants/contracts administration. He/She will collaborate with leaders across the organization to maximize and strengthen the internal capacity of the Commit Partnership.
The Chief of Staff will work alongside Commit's President and Executive Team to support the organization's unique distributed leadership approach and build an inclusive, strengths-based culture. In addition, the Chief of Staff will support the President and Executive Team in strategy formulation and implementation, leveraging data to inform decision making within Commit and among our partners. This person also will lead high-impact, strategic projects as needed.
Manager, Analytics
The Manager of Analytics will report to the Managing Director of Analytics and be a fully integrated member of the Analytics team. The Analytics Team works with internal and external clients to conduct analyses and develop strategies that move initiatives to action, to facilitate conversations around moving communities and/or initiatives forward, and to build technological solutions to solve access and dissemination hurdles.
Managing Director, Best in Class
Best In Class, the joint venture between Commit and Communities Foundation of Texas, is seeking a Managing Director to lead a bold and ambitious plan for achieving our goal of ensuring all students have access to effective and diverse educators that will prepare them for a successful future. This is a senior leadership role whose occupant will lead the Coalition to pursue audacious goals: attracting diverse, talented people to the teaching profession; assuring they are effective on Day 1; and, once in place, keeping these effective educators in the role and continuing their development. To support this work, the Managing Director will have access to an accomplished and influential Advisory Board, project support from Bain & Company, a deeply experienced team, and dedicated collaborators and influencers that comprise the Partnership.
Managing Director of Operations
We are looking for an equity-focused systems leader and people savant who oversees the Finance, Human Resources, and Operations Services departments at Commit. As the next Managing Director of Operations, you will report to the President and be an integral part of a distributed leadership model. This is a great opportunity for an experienced individual with a track record of creative problem solving and change management in a mission-driven organization.
CONTRACTOR - Texas Promise Coalition – State Replication
The Commit Partnership, Dallas County Promise, a coalition of Commit, needs support of codifying statewide systems and practices while providing guidance to replication sites. The ultimate purpose of the Texas Promise Coalition is to demonstrate postsecondary enrollment and retention success leading to securing public funding to sustain Texas Promise work by 2021. The Commit Partnership, Dallas County Promise is accepting proposals in response to this Request for Proposal (this "RFP," or this "Request for Proposal") in order to find a qualified source to provide a toolkit for replication, a replication model that is duplicatable, and regional support for replication. Our goal with state replication is to: Advise and support (but not run) the replication of Promise in three additional regions (Houston, San Antonio, and Tarrant County) and coordinate with other state replication supporters in Tyler, Austin, and within Trellis Foundation and Educate Texas.


This is the THIRD installment of wisdom from Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862). Look at the posting two weeks ago for part one. A Harvard graduate, Thoreau came to be regarded as one of our more astute American philosophers. He is known for his books A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, and the very famous Walden. His essay "Civil Disobedience" inspired Gandhi. Many of his thoughts can inspire us every day. Here are some more of his perspectives.
Do not despair of life. You have no doubt force enough to overcome your obstacles.
When we are unhurried and wise we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence - that petty fears and petty pleasures are but the shadow of reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime.
Come back next week for what may be the last in our series of brief selections from Thoreau's insights.


Some say God is about OBEDIENCE. They see God as the King of the realm and/or the Father of a family of obedient and unruly children. This God-view keeps obedience as the pinnacle of Roman Rite theology.
Vatican II theology sees God differently. Vatican II theology sees life and love differently, and so sees God differently. Two very different Catholic cultures: Roman and Vatican II. There is no stuffing one into the other without eviscerating one or the other or both.
Eastern Catholic Rites in union with Rome see God and each other differently. Eastern and Latin/Western Rites see each other differently. Is there no room for a Vatican II Rite in the Catholic Church?
Google "Rite Beyond Rome" or go to https://RiteBeyondRome(dot)wordpress(dot)com or email 4Vatican2Rite@gmail.com for link to above site.
Previous Post"You Still Aren't Going to Get a Rite."Next PostDoctrine Begs for Change: Why Are We So Afraid of This?
Is there no room….everyone knows that when a new life comes into the already established family IT MAKES ROOM…all effort goes into nurturing the new life. When a new life is seen as a threat to the family a tragic abortion might be chosen.
Aborting the promised life of Vatican II is a sin within the Roman Catholic Family. This is what the Family Synod of Bishops failed to address in the larger catholic family. The life of the Council is on life support as those of us who hold its dreams in living memory are coming to our own end time, Will we have done enough to even leave a new testament for those who will come after us.


Hi again guys... I recently made myself a reflective paw out of the standard yellow reflective tape used for trainers after hand drawing a copy of the paw from a print on the forum. These are the piccies.
How about another one to go onto a vespa??
I copied the logo at the top of the page, pasted it into paint, printed it to a size that I though twould work, then drew with a soft pencil something like the central palm / paw onto the reflective strip. The toes and nails was sommer free-hand cut with LOVY's sewing scissors. Clean the area with spirits (after a few slukkies) and then stick and run.
I must say... it was easy, but I am impressed with th results too.
gonna upgrade my GS with that sticker!!!!
I love Vara's , How are they off the tar though ?
I'm biased, since it is my first own bike... after spending some time on "other" people's bikes. I love the Vara. It is great on gravel, as well as fro pillions(saya many including my Lovy). To really go off the beaten track, you will need a few mods... crashbars, bash plate, tyres, maybe even rims. It is a reasonably heavy bike and in that sense not ideal for rough stuff. Strong and reliable though.
people have there opinions tho .
i think the mk1's are the Africa twin's bigger brother .. and its only 10kg's heavier @ 220kg or something .
oh and i love the power wheelies!!


Karen is a 60 year old patient who had severe foot, both sides, pain and burning sensation.
Her feet were always cold and she had to wear socks all the time.
She was treated for this medically and did not have results.
After months of powerful drugs to control the symptoms the drugs quit working.
A week prior to being treated with HANSI®//RCT – she was not able to sleep due to the pain.
After the first treatment she was nearly pain free and after three treatments she was totally pain free!
She has also regained the warmth in both feet.


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Weight loss can be a fantastic adventure to embark on. It has given some people their lives and freedom back. It has helped people address deeper issues with food they might have had along the way, and has also helped some people enjoy themselves to a great extent. The moment you decide to do it, you are opening yourself up to many activities that encourage movement. It also opens you up to new methods of eating and thinking about food. Losing weight can be an incredible journey that can often be one of the most challenging, but rewarding things you do. People think that's only limited to them being a few pounds lighter. Not at all. It's in how you live.
When overcoming a certain amount of weight loss after being a larger size, our skin might not adapt in the way that we want. When you are down to your ideal weight, you might find that loose skin and excess baggage is still there, which might be the last step to overcome. It is possible to see a tummy tuck specialist in order to feel comfortable, if the extra skin makes you uncomfortable. Other might find that working out and building an athletic, muscular frame can help fill this out a little more, helping you feel comfortable again in your appearance. Or you can just own it as a part of your health journey- it's up to you!
From time to time weight loss can be fast and seemingly accelerated. Sometimes, it can come to a halt. Both of these things are normal. Usually, fast weight loss happens initially when adapting to a new diet, and then when your caloric and energy needs start to become the normal, you will lose more slowly. You might consider an extra caloric deficit or more exercise, but in these periods simply resting more, eating healthily and keeping at it is important. Remember, weight loss is one thing, but health is another. Let your body adapt, and don't force things.
It's possible to overtrain and to diet yourself silly. Don't be afraid to take small steps. Take the measured approach. Don't harm yourself in the interest of health. Sleep more. Give yourself a cheat day each week. Rest from the gym for a week every now and then. All of this can contribute to helping you feel your best self.
With these tips, you're sure to overcome the realities of weight loss well.


text:
/// @cond TBTK_FULL_DOCUMENTATION
/** @package TBTKcalc
 *  @file DataManager.h
 *  @brief Manages data.
 *
 *  @author Kristofer Björnson
 */

#ifndef COM_DAFER45_TBTK_DATA_MANAGER
#define COM_DAFER45_TBTK_DATA_MANAGER

#include "TBTK/Serializable.h"

#include <string>
#include <vector>

namespace TBTK{

class DataManager : public Serializable{
public:
	/** Constructor. */
	DataManager(
		const std::vector<double> &lowerBounds,
		const std::vector<double> &upperBounds,
		const std::vector<unsigned int> &numTicks,
		const std::vector<std::string> &parameterNames,
		const std::string &dataManagerName = ""
	);

	/** Copy constructor. */
	DataManager(const DataManager &dataManager) = delete;

	/** Constructor. Constructs the DataManager from a serialization
	 *  string. */
	DataManager(const std::string &serialization, Mode mode);

	/** Destructor. */
	virtual ~DataManager();

	/** Assignment operator. */
	DataManager& operator=(const DataManager &dataManager) = delete;

	/** Get lower bound. */
	double getLowerBound(unsigned int parameterIndex) const;

	/** Get upper bound. */
	double getUpperBound(unsigned int parameterIndex) const;

	/** Get number of ticks. */
	unsigned int getNumTicks(unsigned int parameterIndex) const;

	/** Get number of parameters. */
	unsigned int getNumParameters() const;

	/** Get parameter name. */
	const std::string& getParameterName(unsigned int parameterIndex) const;

	/** Set output path. */
	void setPath(const std::string &path = "");

	/** Get output path. */
	const std::string& getPath() const;

	enum class FileType {
		Custom,
		SerializableJSON,
		PNG
	};

	/** Add a data type to manage. */
	void addDataType(
		const std::string &dataType,
		FileType fileType
	);

	/** Get number of data types. */
	unsigned int getNumDataTypes() const;

	/** Get data type. */
	const std::string& getDataType(unsigned int dataTypeIndex) const;

	/** Get file type. */
	FileType getFileType(const std::string &dataType) const;

	/** Reserve a data point. */
	int reserveDataPoint(const std::string &dataTypes = "");

	/** Get parameter for a given ID. */
	std::vector<double> getParameters(int id) const;

	/** Convert a data point to an ID. */
	unsigned int getID(const std::vector<unsigned int> &dataPoint) const;

	/** Convert ID to data point. */
	std::vector<unsigned int> getDataPoint(unsigned int id) const;

	/** Get a (for this DataManager) unique filename that can be used to
	 *  store and retreive a result. */
	std::string getFilename(const std::string &dataType, int id) const;

	/** Mark data point completed. */
	void markCompleted(
		const std::string &dataType,
		int id
	);

	/** Complete save a Serializable result and mark it as completed. */
	void complete(
		const Serializable &serializable,
		const std::string &dataType,
		int id
	);

	/** Implements Serializable::serialize(). */
	virtual std::string serialize(Mode mode) const;
private:
	/** Lower bounds. */
	std::vector<double> lowerBounds;

	/** Upper bounds. */
	std::vector<double> upperBounds;

	/** Number of ticks. */
	std::vector<unsigned int> numTicks;

	/** Parameter names. */
	std::vector<std::string> parameterNames;

	/** Data manager name. */
	std::string dataManagerName;

	/** Output path. */
	std::string path;

	/** Number of data points. */
	unsigned int numDataPoints;

	/** Data names. */
	std::vector<std::string> dataTypes;

	/** File tpyes. */
	std::vector<FileType> fileTypes;

	/** Table of data points that have been reserved. */
	std::vector<bool*> reservedDataPoints;

	/** Table of data points that have been completed. */
	std::vector<bool*> completedDataPoints;

	/** Add data tables. */
	void addDataTables();

	/** Get data type index. */
	unsigned int getDataTypeIndex(const std::string &dataType) const;

	/** Reserve data point. */
	bool reserveDataPoint(
		const std::string &dataType,
		unsigned int id
	);
};

inline double DataManager::getLowerBound(unsigned int parameterIndex) const{
	return lowerBounds.at(parameterIndex);
}

inline double DataManager::getUpperBound(unsigned int parameterIndex) const{
	return upperBounds.at(parameterIndex);
}

inline unsigned int DataManager::getNumTicks(unsigned int parameterIndex) const{
	return numTicks.at(parameterIndex);
}

inline unsigned int DataManager::getNumParameters() const{
	return parameterNames.size();
}

inline const std::string& DataManager::getParameterName(
	unsigned int parameterIndex
) const{
	return parameterNames.at(parameterIndex);
}

inline unsigned int DataManager::getNumDataTypes() const{
	return dataTypes.size();
}

inline const std::string& DataManager::getDataType(
	unsigned int dataTypeIndex
) const{
	return dataTypes.at(dataTypeIndex);
}

inline DataManager::FileType DataManager::getFileType(
	const std::string &dataType
) const{
	return fileTypes.at(getDataTypeIndex(dataType));
}

inline const std::string& DataManager::getPath() const{
	return path;
}

};	//End namespace TBTK

#endif
/// @endcond

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Story Behind The Zookeeper's Wife and 5 Other Little-Known Holocaust Heroes
(l-r.) Efrat Dor stars as Magda Gross, Jessica Chastain as Antonina Zabinski, Timothy Radford as young Ryszard Zabinski, Shira Haas as Urszula and Martha Issova as Regina Kenigswein in Niki Caro's The Zookeeper's Wife
Anne Marie Fox / Focus Features
By Olivia B. Waxman
When The Zookeeper's Wife opens in theaters on Friday — based on a 2007 book by Diane Ackerman — the names of Warsaw zoo director Jan Zabinski and his wife Antonina will take one step toward the ranks of those like Oskar Schindler, whose heroism during the Holocaust is famous worldwide thanks to a movie. After the Germans bombed the zoo and stole some of its precious animals in 1939 and 1940, the Zabinskis turned it into a pig farm. They used the task of collecting scraps for their pigs as pretext to go into the Warsaw ghetto, but they were also able to smuggle Jews out and into a truck filled with pig feed. They ended up hiding Jewish people in the underground pathways connecting the animal cages at the zoo they managed.
Not all stories of non-Jews who actively helped to save Jewish lives during the Holocaust were so dramatic, or have been made into bestsellers, but of course that doesn't make the stories any less important to share. Below are five such stories, compiled with the help of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., and the Museum of Jewish Heritage in New York City.
Leopold Socha: A non-Jewish sewage worker who discovered a 7-year-old Kristine Keren and her family living in a sewer underneath the Lwów ghetto. Her father, facing deportation, had broken ground through an apartment into the sewage system, where their family and some dozen other friends were hiding out. Socha fed and clothed the group, even bringing first-grade school books for the children, helping them remain hidden underground for 14 months. A green sweater that Keren's grandma knitted for her before the war is on display at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Refik Veseli: A 16-year-old Albanian photography student who, in the fall of 1943, hid professional photographer Mosa or Mosche Mandil and his family, Jewish refugees from Yugoslavia, at his family home in the mountain village of Kruja. According to the Jewish Foundation for the Righteous, Mandil's family had been on the run for a while, and had even been imprisoned in the city of Pristina from Oct. 1941 to May 1942, before Mandil won over the Italian prison guards by taking photos. Pleased with the images, the guards helped them escape to Italian-occupied Albania, where they settled in Kavajë and then Tirana, which they hoped would be safe. Mosa found a job at a local photography studio, where Veseli was his apprentice, but Germany occupied Albania in 1943. While hiding out at Veseli's parents' house, Moshe and his wife stayed in a barn while his children "lived openly as Muslim villagers." After the liberation of Albania in October 1944, the Mandils left Kruja and re-opened their photo studio in Novi Sad, Yugoslavia. Refik Veseli followed them there to finish his professional photography training with Mosa.
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Bronislawa Kurpi: A Polish-Catholic nanny to former Anti-Defamation League President Abe Foxman, who hid him for four years in the German-occupied Lithuanian city of Vilnius, where his family had fled from his birthplace in Poland. She had him baptized Henryk Stanislas Kurpi, and raised him as a Catholic and taught him how to pray with a rosary, on the fast-track to the priesthood. "I couldn't play with children because I was circumcised," he tells TIME. "Most hidden children that were saved were female because it was safer, when you're taken to the bathroom." After his parents returned for him, Kurpi fought them for custody, believing, he says, that she was saving him. But Foxman's parents won out, and the family was smuggled into Austria's "American Zone," where they lived in a Displaced Persons camp until they were granted visas to the U.S. and moved there in 1950 when he was 10 years old. The family continued to send her food and money until she died.
Anna Soehnlein: A non-Jewish camp counselor and law student who helped many young Jews escape Nazi-occupied Amsterdam. Those she helped included 14-year-old Anita Meyer, whom she smuggled to southern Holland in May 1943. "Because her father worked for the Dutch railways, she was able to travel relatively freely while taking children to their hiding places," explains the collection of the Museum of Jewish Heritage in New York City. Soehnlein was eventually caught and sent to an internment camp for having helped Jews. In January 1945, Anita's parents were deported to the Westerbork transit camp, but they and Anita's sister survived the war, and Anita reunited with them all in May 1945.
Nora and Karl Palasthy: Nora was a teacher in Bratislava and Karl was her husband. She became close to the family of one of her 10-year-old students Jan Braun — so close that when the Nazis invaded the Slovakian city, the Palasthys hid Jan and his family in their apartment. Jan hid "sometimes in a suitcase on top of a closet, while his parents hid in a coal cellar in the Palasthys' basement," explains the Museum of Jewish Heritage in New York City. " Jan helped the adults make false identity papers, transferring ink from real papers using a potato."
Write to Olivia B. Waxman at olivia.waxman@time.com.
How The Zookeeper's Wife Finds a New Perspective on the Holocaust


No one will ever be able to tell this alarm clock conceals a hidden color "nanny" camera and mini DVR with an SD card to record what the camera sees. The alarm clock's power cord powers the alarm clock, DVR and the surveillance camera. It records in crisp clear 1960 x 1080p HD resolution at 30fps. It has a battery backup function that operates the camera and DVR for 2 hours upon power failure.
This hidden camera and digital recorder features motion-activated recording that starts as soon as motion is detected. With motion-activation, you won't have to fast forward through hours of uneventful recording. You can view your recordings by using the included RCA cable to connect to your TV or computer or insert the included 16GB micro SD card into your computer. FREE 16GB micro SD-CARD included allows you to record up to 5 hours of continuous recording. On sale here at the best possible cheap discount online sales price.
Because this clock radio looks like an everydy used item, it has become one of out top Hidden Camera with DVR sellers. Each Clock Radio is custom built and we can ship yours within 24 hours.


You may be one of many consumers who have received emails saying you're about to be assaulted by unwanted telemarketing calls to your wireless phone. Rest assured that placing telemarketing calls to wireless phones is – and always has been – illegal in most cases.
The confusion seems to stem from recent discussions in the wireless phone industry about establishing a wireless 411 phone directory, much like your traditional (wired) 411 phone directory. A number of email campaigns seem to suggest that if your wireless telephone number is listed in a wireless 411 directory, it will be available to telemarketers, and you will start to receive sales calls. In addition, some of these email campaigns suggest that there is a separate do-not-call "cell phone registry," which you must call to have your wireless phone number covered by the do-not-call rules. This information is wrong.
At present, a wireless 411 directory is only in the idea stage.
Even if a wireless 411 directory is established, most telemarketing calls to wireless phones would still be illegal. For example, it is unlawful for any person to make any call (other than a call made for emergency purposes or made with express prior consent) using any automatic telephone dialing system or any artificial or prerecorded voice message to any telephone number assigned to a paging service, mobile telephone service or any service for which the called party is charged for the call. This prohibition applies regardless of whether the number is listed on the national Do-Not-Call list.
Contrary to what some email campaigns are saying, the federal government does not maintain and is not establishing a separate Do-Not-Call list for wireless phone numbers. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) established the national Do-Not-Call list to enable consumers to reduce the number of unwanted telemarketing calls to their residential or personal wireless phones.
Wireless phone subscribers have always been able to add their personal wireless phone numbers to the national Do-Not-Call list, either online, or by calling toll-free to 1-888-382-1222 from the phone number they wish to register. The do-not-call rules require callers that are not exempt from the rules to stop telemarketing calls 30 days after you register a number.
There is no deadline for registering a number on the national Do-Not-Call list. There is also no longer any need to re-register a number – it will stay on the national Do-Not-Call list until you cancel your registration or discontinue service.


The month of May has been designated as Annual Archaeology and Historic Preservation Month, to promote Utah's historical heritage throughout the state. Here at Stokes Nature Center, we are teaming up with the Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation, and the USU Museum of Anthropology to take this opportunity to showcase the diverse history of our relationship with the land.
Please join us on Saturday, May 19th, from 10 AM - 4 PM for our First Annual Native People's Day at Stokes Nature Center.
We will have special exhibits, activities, and demonstrations of skill such as basket-weaving, bead-making, using natural dyes, edible and medicinal plant identification, and more!
Darren Parry, chairman of the Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation, will be closing the day's festivities with a presentation about balancing the needs of the Shoshone people with environmental stewardship.


text:
Retail Transformation Uses Toshiba Vrf
7ed86370-73f4-4457-9c3a-f08e0546a2fd
Five Toshiba three-pipe VRF systems were installed by Coolair Services
A former Marks & Spencer building in Stockport has been transformed into a modern office, retail and leisure facility, equipped with high efficiency air conditioning based on a Toshiba SHRM-e heat recovery VRF system.
The project, by developer Glenbrook, involved remodelling the 64,000-square-foot building, including creation of a new full-height glazed atrium, an outdoor terrace and high-end office accommodation across two open-plan floors, with leisure and retail facilities in the basement and ground floor, all heated and cooled by Toshiba solutions.
Five separate three-pipe VRF systems were installed by Coolair Services, working for Medway Heating under main contractor City Build, with Toshiba VN heat recovery ventilation systems – installed by Ventilation Design Services – providing fresh air to the building.
"The remodelled building has completely open ceilings, giving a contemporary, spacious feeling," said David McSherry, head of sales, Toshiba Air Conditioning UK. "This means ductwork is exposed to retain the clean, industrial design. To accommodate this and prevent the risk of condensation forming on ducting, the fresh air system is engineered to operate with a maximum of 14°C air-off temperature."
The Toshiba ceiling-suspended cassettes are painted in a bespoke black livery to match the contemporary lighting frames. Outdoor condensers are mounted on the rooftop, on a specially constructed support frame.
"The project was very much a collaborative effort," said Ben Marland, contracts manager, Coolair Services. "The TCUK team provided excellent technical support, producing the engineering calculations and system drawings, with timely updates when there were changes on site. Their design and support capabilities were an important factor in the decision to go with the Toshiba Air Conditioning solution, due to the project's design requirements."
Each VRF system is connected to a central touch screen controller, enabling the landlord to set comfort and performance parameters separately for each zoned area of the building.
The system achieves an ESEER (European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) of 8 and above in most capacities, an industry first, and an ESEER exceeding 7 for all capacities.
Toshiba SHRM-e


Last night, under the gargantuan whale in the Irma and Paul Milstein Family Hall of Ocean Life at the American Museum of Natural History, the Fashion Institute of Technology and the FIT Foundation hosted its 2019 annual awards gala, raising more than $1 million. The fundraising helps cultivate the next generation of creative leaders by enhancing programs, developing new initiatives, and providing scholarship funds to the college's most promising students.
This year's theme was "Innovation in Sustainability," celebrating FIT's commitment to fostering socially and environmentally conscious students—future pioneers of our industry. The gala served as the pinnacle (and most glamorous) event for FIT's Sustainable Business and Design Conference, which kicked off yesterday. Amber Valletta and honorees Nadja Swarovski and Kering's Laurent Claquin delivered keynote panels, along with Phillip Lim, Hannah Bronfman, Lauren Bush Lauren, Michael Beutler, Evie Evangelou, Lauren Letta, and more.
As the evening's host, Valletta spoke on fashion's critical role in establishing fair and sustainable labor practices. "It's essential that it starts at the education level; if sustainability, inclusivity, diversity, and innovation are built in at the beginning of education, that's how we foster change." The model, social activist, and Master & Muse founder will soon add film producer to her résumé; Valletta shared her latest project with Vogue, a short documentary entitled The Changing Room. The movie identifies solutions to fashion's environmental and humanitarian problems in an irreverent and amusing manner.
Joe Zee brought some levity to the program, highlighting student achievement and the important work of the school. Swarovski crystals (lead-free and ethically sourced, but of course) strewn on the tables sparkled in the glimmering candlelight while Alec and Hilaria Baldwin, Ken Downing, Dennis Basso, Amanda Hearst, Hassan Pierre, Fern Mallis, Francisco Costa, Maxwell Osborne, Dao-Yi Chow, and Peter Som dined in the blue deep-sea ambiance of the gallery.
Swarovski was awarded the Social Impact in Sustainability award for her company's century-spanning dedication to sustainability, environmental protection, and fair labor practices. Afterward, Claquin accepted the Corporate Innovation in Sustainability award on behalf of all of the luxury fashion brands owned by Kering. In his acceptance speech, Claquin cleverly brought the audience's attention to the polar bear diorama near the front of the stage, asking if the endangered animal would agree with his call for direct action for the future and preservation of the environment; he received a resounding roar of support.


Focusing on the future emergency service needs of the community, the City built a new centrally located fire station that opened on September 11, 2004 that includes several key components unique to this type of facility.
The station includes a 30-person training and community room that is capable of functioning as an Emergency Operations Center in the event of a disaster.
The Administrative area includes offices for the Chief, Assistant Chief, Fire Prevention and a watch office/reception area that is adjacent to the apparatus bays. Adequate space has been included for storage, laundry and housekeeping services, and communications equipment.
The living areas include three double bedrooms for the firefighters, a dining area, full service kitchen, dayroom, shower and toilet rooms, lockers and physical fitness training space. There are individual lockers for bedding, personal storage and personal protection equipment (PPE) for each of the firefighters.


text:
'End of Watch' review: Scary, funny cop drama marks worthy addition to genre
By Matt Pais
*** (out of four)
The cop movie has been done. And done and done. Particularly by David Ayer, who wrote "Training Day," "Dark Blue," "S.W.A.T." and "Harsh Times," along with directing "Street Kings."
Somehow the filmmaker's not out of material. Directing his own script for the second time (after "Harsh Times"), Ayer gives "End of Watch" a rather narrow focus. South Central L.A. officers Taylor (Jake Gyllenhaal) and Zavala (Chicago native Michael Pena) patrol the streets. That's about it. Sure, Zavala anticipates his first child with his wife (Natalie Martinez), and Taylor develops a relationship with Janet (the always-appealing Anna Kendrick).
"End of Watch" doesn't consider how the job influences time off-the-clock, however. This tense action-drama worries primarily about the work and its risks, and the partnership that helps the men get through the day. Gyllenhaal and Pena's rapport, which includes stereotypical but amusing riffs on white and Mexican culture, convinces that these two would do anything and everything for each other.
A superior tells Taylor and Zavala that they've tugged the tail of a snake by butting heads with a drug cartel that wouldn't bat an eye about killing a cop. The film refreshingly resists adhering to an episodic encounter with a specific group, though. We're there with the officers whether they deal with people relevant to the big threat or not, and there's no conspiracy afoot. It's just two men protecting themselves and each other, and Ayer occasionally depicts the tops of corporate office buildings as if to suggest, "These aren't the people involved in what's happening out there. Let's look at the ones on the ground who work and brave danger and matter."
"End of Watch" doesn't reinvent the wheel. It does entertain throughout, from the officers' funny banter to Janet and Taylor doing Cameron's "Hey Ma" to the shots taken solely from the officers' points of view. We see only what the characters see in these scenes, getting a glimpse of how it feels to be scared in those moments they don't know what's around the corner or in the house.
In theory, being alive means being near death at all times. "End of Watch" pays true, unenhanced honor to some of the people who stare down death.
Watch Matt on "You & Me This Morning," Friday at 6:55 a.m. on WCIU, the U
mpais@tribune.com
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T.J. Holmes and Amy Robach depart ABC News following relationship scandal
Municipal candidates continue to file, giving a clearer picture of May primary ballot