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Neurelis, Inc. v. Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc., D077984, D078186
Document Cited authorities 65 Cited in 3 Precedent Map Related
Court California Court of Appeals
Writing for the Court HUFFMAN, J.
Citation 71 Cal.App.5th 769,286 Cal.Rptr.3d 631
Docket Number D077984, D078186
Decision Date 17 November 2021
Parties NEURELIS, INC., Plaintiff and Respondent, v. AQUESTIVE THERAPEUTICS, INC., Defendant and Appellant. Neurelis, Inc., Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc., Defendant and Respondent.
71 Cal.App.5th 769
286 Cal.Rptr.3d 631
NEURELIS, INC., Plaintiff and Respondent,
AQUESTIVE THERAPEUTICS, INC., Defendant and Appellant.
Neurelis, Inc., Plaintiff and Appellant,
Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc., Defendant and Respondent.
D077984, D078186
Court of Appeal, Fourth District, Division 1, California.
Filed November 17, 2021
Latham & Watkins, John T. Ryan, David F. Kowalski, San Diego, and Nicole C. Valco, San Francisco, for Plaintiff and Appellant.
Steptoe & Johnson, Jason Levin, Los Angeles, Melanie A. Ayerh, and Jamie L. Lucia, for Defendant and Respondent.
Steptoe & Johnson, Jason Levin, Los Angeles, Melanie A. Ayerh, and Jamie L. Lucia, for Defendant and Appellant.
Latham & Watkins, John T. Ryan, David F. Kowalski, San Diego, Nicole C. Valco, Amit Makker, San Francisco, Melissa Arbus Sherry, and Shannon Grammel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
HUFFMAN, J.
Neurelis, Inc. (Neurelis) and Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. (Aquestive) are pharmaceutical companies developing their own respective
means to administer diazepam, a drug used to treat acute repetitive seizures (ARS). Neurelis was further along in the development process than Aquestive. Thus, according to Neurelis, Aquestive engaged in a "multi-year, anticompetitive campaign to derail the Food and Drug Administration" (FDA) from approving Neurelis's new drug. Based on Aquestive's alleged conduct, Neurelis sued Aquestive for defamation, malicious prosecution, and violation of the unfair competition law (UCL; Bus. & Prof. Code, § 17200, et seq. ). In response, Aquestive brought a special motion to strike the complaint under the anti-SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation) statute, Code of Civil Procedure section 425.16.1
The superior court granted in part and denied in part Aquestive's motion, finding that the defamation cause of action could not withstand the anti-SLAPP challenge. However, the court denied the motion as to Neurelis's other two causes of action.
Aquestive appeals, contending the court erred by failing to strike the malicious prosecution action as well as the claim for a violation of the UCL. Neurelis, in turn, cross-appeals from the order, maintaining that the conduct giving rise to its defamation cause of action was not protected under the anti-SLAPP statute.
We agree that at least some of the conduct giving rise to the defamation action is covered by the commercial speech exception ( § 425.17, subd. (c) ) and not subject to the anti-SLAPP statute. Accordingly, we determine the superior court erred in granting the anti-SLAPP motion as to the defamation action. Some of this same conduct also gives rise to the UCL claim and is not subject to the anti-SLAPP statute as well. However, we note that Neurelis bases part of two of its causes of action on Aquestive's petitioning activity. That activity is protected conduct under the anti-SLAPP statute, and Neurelis has not shown a likelihood to prevail on the merits. Thus, allegations relating to this petitioning conduct must be struck. Finally, we determine that Neurelis has not shown a probability of success on the merits regarding its malicious prosecution claim. As such, that claim should be struck under the anti-SLAPP statute.
In summary, the superior court's order is affirmed in part and reversed in part. We will remand this matter back to the superior court with instructions to enter an order striking the allegations relating to Aquestive's petitioning activity, striking the malicious prosecution action, and denying the motion as to the UCL and defamation causes of action to the extent they are based on unprotected conduct.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
The Operative Complaint
Neurelis is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business in San Diego. Its focus is to develop pharmaceuticals to treat central nervous system disorders. Aquestive is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business in New Jersey. Both Neurelis and Aquestive were working to develop a drug to treat patients with epilepsy who suffer from ARS. For over 20 years, Diastat ® was the only approved drug on the market to treat ARS, but it requires rectal administration. Therefore, Neurelis and Aquestive were
trying to develop a new method to administer the needed medicine.
To this end, Neurelis formed in 2007 with the aim of combining various technologies to find an effective way to create an intranasal delivery system for an ARS treating drug (diazepam ). In 2008, Neurelis had developed a novel formation for nasal delivery of the drug diazepam, which would be named Valtoco®.
In 2011, after initial nonclinical studies, Neurelis began discussions with the FDA regarding Valtoco as an investigational new drug. That same year, Neurelis conducted the first human proof-of-concept study. It announced the completion of dosing on April 20, 2011. Two months later, Neurelis publicly announced the results from this phase 1 study that demonstrated a bioavailability2 of 96 percent when comparing Valtoco with intravenous diazepam.
Based on these results, Neurelis scheduled a pre-investigational new drug application with the FDA, which was conducted in November 2011. On February 6, 2012, Neurelis publicly announced the FDA's acceptance of the NRL-1 (Valtoco) investigational new drug application. Per the direction of the FDA, Neurelis continued working toward the development of Valtoco throughout 2012, 2013, and 2014.
On December 22, 2015, Neurelis announced the receipt of orphan drug designation from the FDA for Valtoco for management of ARS. Such designation may be obtained when a rare disorder or condition meets criteria specified by the Orphan Drug Act of 1983 and the FDA's implementing regulations. This designation did not indicate that Valtoco was safe or effective for public use but, instead, operated to qualify Neurelis for various development incentives, like tax credits and potential exclusivity for seven years if the FDA ultimately approved Valtoco.
On January 5, 2017, Neurelis announced receipt of fast track designation from the FDA for Valtoco. That designation allows for the potential expedited or priority review from the FDA once the new drug application has been submitted. It also provides for prioritized interactions with the FDA during the clinical development program.
On September 24, 2018, Neurelis announced the filing of a new drug application for Valtoco as a treatment for ARS. At the time of filing the operative complaint (December 9, 2019), the FDA was still considering that application.
While Neurelis was in the process of developing Valtoco and seeking FDA approval, Aquestive also was working toward the development of its own drug to treat ARS, Libervant®. However, Aquestive was not as far along in the process as Neurelis. Indeed, at various times, Aquestive approached Neurelis about partnering in the development process, but Neurelis declined.
Libervant has a different delivery system than Valtoco. Although Valtoco is administered nasally, Libervant utilizes "fast-melt strips" for a "buccal delivery of diazepam." So, the drug is delivered by placing a soluble strip in the patient's mouth against the cheek, which would quickly dissolve for oral administration. Libervant obtained orphan drug designation on November 10, 2016.
In June 2017, Aquestive's chief executive officer, Keith Kendall, and its chief operating officer, Dan Barber, met with Neurelis's chief executive officer, Craig
Chambliss, to discuss "the two companies' diazepam programs and ... to forge a potential strategic partnership between Aquestive and Neurelis." Chambliss explained Neurelis's historical efforts to bring Valtoco to market as well as his views of the importance of formulating a nasal administration of diazepam to treat ARS for the epilepsy community. Kendall interrupted Chambliss's explanation, stating, " 'Look, let's be honest here. We don't care about the patients, epilepsy, or any of this. We are not here for patients, we are here for our investors and need to show them a return.' " After these comments, Chambliss left the meeting.
Kendall and Barber requested another meeting with Chambliss in January 2018. Chambliss agreed in the hopes of discussing "some type of proposal about other products[ ] because the significant gap in progress between the two diazepam programs would not make a good partnership." However, at the meeting, Chambliss came to believe that Kendall and Barber were merely trying to obtain competitive intelligence on Neurelis and Valtoco. Kendall "attempted to insert Aquestive into a strategic partnering process with Neurelis," but Chambliss explained that Aquestive was not an appropriate partner for Neurelis.
Xu v. Huang, B311883
California Court of Appeals
...(2017) 2 Cal.5th 1057, 1067, 217 Cal.Rptr.3d 130, 393 P.3d 905 ; see also Neurelis, Inc. v. Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. (2021) 71 Cal.App.5th 769, 784, 286 Cal.Rptr.3d 631 ( Neurelis ).) Similarly, "[w]e review the applicability of the commercial speech exemption independently." ( Simpson ......
Tiffany Yan Xu v. Haidi Wenwu Huang, B311883
...of Trustees of California State University (2017) 2 Cal.5th 1057, 1067; see also Neurelis, Inc. v. Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. (2021) 71 Cal.App.5th 769, 784 (Neurelis).) Similarly, "[w]e review the applicability of the commercial speech exemption independently." (Simpson, supra, 49 Cal.4t......


City Manager Howard Chan announced the appointment of Gary Loesch as Sacramento Fire Department's 22nd Fire Chief. Chief Loesch began his career in 1985 with the City of Philadelphia, where he worked his way up through the ranks.
Chief Loesch's fire protection career spans 32 years of service. He is most recently the Deputy Fire Commissioner with the City of Philadelphia, where he currently commands over 2,700 EMS and fire personnel serving the fifth-largest City in our nation.
"I am confident that Chief Loesch will bring his significant experience to bear to move the Fire Department forward," Chan said.
Mayor Darrell Steinberg said he was pleased that Sacramento has hired a new Fire Chief with big-city experience.
Chief Loesch will assume his new position on Monday, October 1, 2018.
The Sacramento Fire Department currently has 681 budgeted positions with an operating budget of $118 million. The Department operates 24 fire stations from which it deploys 24 engine companies, nine truck companies, 15 ambulances, a rescue company, three swift water rescue teams, and two hazmat response teams.


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Ролята на волята за изграждане на новото понятие "персоналност" в контекста на изместване на фокуса от понятието "душа". Пиер Жан Оливи и Джон Дънс Скот
Author(s): Gergana Dineva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2017
The paper formulates the problem of the philosophical genesis of the "personality" concept, as it shows that it's genealogy goes back to the scholastic period of the Latin Middle Ages, far beyond the common understanding, that it's purely invention of Modernity.Thus, the text is divided into two main parts. The first one is more general and briefly looks to prove that the philosophical problem of the "person" concept arises from the purely Christian debate on the status of the Trinity, i.e. in the context of the theological triadological dispute. This circumstance makes the modern "Self" concept"impregnated" with the meanings of persona, constructed within the early and later medieval schools of thought. The second part of the text goes deeper into analysis of the first major medieval text,applying the concept of "person" and further – that one of "personality"– mainly to the human being, not so much to the Divine Persons – the famous question 57 of Peter John Olivi's "Quaestiones in secundum librum sententiarum". We are explicating the details of Olivi's definition of human person and it's applications within the framework of medieval anthropology, with an accent on the important role of self-reflection as a condition to persona, as far as it guarantees the human being the value of his personal actions as free, autonomous and – in this line of thought – dignifying.
Свобода на волята
Author(s): Todor Pavlov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2018
The issue of the freedom of will was not considered by the author as an issue of sheer action devoid of any thought, feelings and aspirations neither as an issue of the sheer human mind devoid of any activity. The realm of freedom was neither action devoid of consciousness, nor thought devoid of activity but conscientiously carried out, deliberate and purposeful human action. The will, in the sense of a conscious and purposeful human action (or ability to carry out such an action) obeyed the law on causal conditionality. The issue of the freedom of man was above all related to the latter's acting as such along the path of the dialectical overcoming of all natural, public and material influences which were not in accord with his individual and social human nature.
Смисълът на образованието в съвременната феноменологическа онтология – Ойген Финк и Еманюел Левинас
Author(s): Stoyan Bachvarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021
This article discusses the problem of education according to E. Fink and E. Levinas. In Fink's opinion, education should acquaint young people with basic phenomena of human being, and introduce them to the problems of the being as a whole, immortality, culture and history. The basic method that should be used in education is the game method. According to Levinas, education should acquaint young people with The Other, with its uniqueness and originality. Respect and preservation of otherness is the basic principle in his philosophy. Moral education can only be realized as religious education, and communication with The Other can be achieved though prayer. Religious education is what can introduce a person to the history and culture of the world.
Спиридон Казанджиев за Пенчо Славейков (София: ИК "Св. Иван Рилски", 2017)
Author(s): Anani Stojnev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 7/2017
Страници из... Гергана Динева "Раждането на личността" (София: УИ "Св. Климент Охридски", 2018)
Author(s): Gergana Dineva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2018
Сучасна рецепція скептицизму Рене Декарта
Author(s): Volodymyr Khmil,Anatolyj Malivskij / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 19/2017
The article aim is to turn the spotlight on the main thesis of reflection of Descartes' scepticism doctrine as well one's argumentation estimation in the context of thinker's creativeness. These steps will promote the overcoming of one-dimensional comprehension of his attitude on scepticism as an essential part of his doctrine. That is why it has the sense to concentrate an attention on some interpretations of key motives of Cartesian anti-sceptic approach at research literature as well as define the place of the anthropological project at these motives firstly. Secondly, make an accent on the key role of anthropological dimension of one's doctrine in the context of philosophical polemics with scepticism. The analysis of interpretations of Descartes' heritage, as well as one's original texts, demonstrates the absence of adequate interpretation of one's place in the history of scepticism. The specific place of Descartes' anti-scepticism is also demonstrated. Most of the researchers pay ones' attention to the tight vision of Modern Age in the form of development of a scientific worldview. This position does not take into account the contemporary level of Descartes' studies. First of all, authors make an accent on the need to overcome the fragmentary vision of thinker's heritage. Secondly, the valuable role of anthropological dimension of Descartes' texts is underlined. This position lets perform more authentic perception of one's anti-sceptic approach. In the course of finding the roots of a researched situation, the authors' attention was consistently concentrated on the features of the contemporary interpretation of Modern Age request which is reduced to development of scientific worldview by the scepticism researchers. Such position marginalizes the anthropological component of one's doctrine.
Сучасна світова філософія про перспективи відновлення гармонійної взаємодії соціокультурного та природного компонентів людської сутності
Author(s): Anatoliy Vermenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2009
The critical analysis of main conservative and radical philosophical concepts of harmonization of interaction between social, cultural and natural components of human essence is undertaken. The possibilities of such concepts use for solution of modern global crisis of civilization are reviewed. The special attention is applied to world outlook, motivations and social ecology aspects of reviewed problems.
Сънищата на философа
Тезиси по повод на Декарт
Author(s): Andrey Leshkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020
The main objective of this paper is to provide a hermeneutical reading of dreams as these are presented by René Descartes. The choice of the mnemocentric approach plays a crucial role when analyzing the way in which Descartes presents three of his dreams. The three are examined from the perspective of three main corresponding propositions put forward for consideration. The analysis of Descartes' dreams shows that reaching the path of truth, which concerns both the process of dreaming and what is dreamt, is closely tied not with the return to Paradise, but with the fulfilled prophecy of the Revelation. The author raises the issue whether or not the basic dream that marks the philosophically tinged unconscious, as is displayed by Descartes' dreams, embodies the hope that one day, when language, with its polysemy, will have disappeared, people will finally succeed in contemplating truth surrounded by unspeakable silence.
Тhe Spectacles of the Crisis: Local Perception of Economic and Social Change in Valenza
Author(s): Michele Filippo Fontefrancesco / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012
In this article, the case of the economic crisis of Valenza (Italy) and its jewellery industry is presented. The crisis has occurred since 2008 as an effect of the plunge of international jewellery market. Drawing from ethnographic materials collected during my fieldwork in the city (2008-2010), I intend to point out that an the most recent economic downturn had strong cultural effects on local population (goldsmiths and others). Following Kant's concept of category of reason, I will show that the crisis itself had become a category of reason for local population that uses it to make decisions and plan their future.
ТЕТРАГРАММАТОН И КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ЕДИНОЙ БОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ СУБСТАНЦИИ В «ИСПОВЕДИ», КН. VII АВГУСТИНА И В УЧЕНИИ СПИНОЗЫ
Author(s): Igor Tantlevskij / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015
The author supposes that the Tetragrammaton's interpretation, attested in Ex. 3:14, exerted direct influence on the formation of the conception of single, eternal, and infinite God's substantia, reflected in Augustine's "Confessions", book vii and in Spinoza's teaching.
Топика на априорното
Author(s): Silviya Kristeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016
By introducing the a priori-investigation of the reason, Kant poses the possibility of one separate area, or method, or thematic in the transcendental analysis of the pure forms of reason. Do the a priori then have its own field which could distinct the derivation of those pure forms and so the a priori alone to differentiate itself among the three, delineated inside the boundaries of reason, areas of the basic faculties of pure reason – sensibility, understanding and reason. We raise the question – whether the a priori is connected with a meta-posing of the transcendental procedure as a reflection upon the activity and possibilities of the reason itself. And from this point on to differentiate the a priori with its own elements and progress of realization and so the a priori could find its own topics in the hole constitution of pure consciousness.
ТРАНСЦЕНДЕНТАЛЬНЫЙ СОЛИПСИЗМ
Author(s): YAROSLAV SLININ / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017
In the article I intend to demonstrate that the Cartesian rule never to accept anything unobvious anddoubtful for true ends up with solipsism. Confines himself to this rule Descartes obtains an elementaland absolute truth of "I think, therefore I am". However, the doubtless existence of my ego does notimply the doubtless existence of the other egos. Descartes tried to find a way out by composing theontological argument for the existence of God. This argument cannot be recognized as sound sinceby no means all of it transitions are doubtless just as cogito ergo sum is. As a result Descartes failed toeliminate the solipsism problem. At a later stage Husserl trying to overcome relativism and skepticism,being convinced that each truth is an absolute and believing that all absolute truth must be doubtlessattempted to discover such truth. Husserl's procedure of the phenomenological reduction appeared tobe an improved version of Descartes's method of doubts. It delivers the result that the only existenceof transcendental ego and everything that is immanent to it is doubtless. This result correspondsto the Cartesian thesis of the obviousness of sum cogitans. According to Husserl the autonomousexistence of God and nature turn out to belong to the domain of doubtful transparentness. As for theexistence of other egos, according to Husserl it is transcendental and doubtless at the same time. Thesum cogitans appresentation which is an analogical apperception bears witness for that fact. Frommy point of view, nevertheless, an argumentativeness of the analogical apperception is no betterthan that of Descartes ontological argument. It cannot provide rationalization for the thesis that thetranscendental existence of other egos is obvious and doubtless. Thus, the transcendental solipsismstays ambiguous. In the end of the article I am analyzing the two main characteristics of sum cogitans:its contingency and discreteness.
Увод към дискусия върху Кантовия "Отговор на въпроса: Що е Просвещение?"
Author(s): Hristo Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2020
The text is an introduction to a discussion with students of the European College for Liberal Arts in Berlin (ECLA), at present Bard College Berlin, which took place in February 2011 at the college. I begin with a brief introduction to Kant's life and works. Then I describe the conditions around the preparation and publication of Kant's paper and the main accents in it. Finally, in order to facilitate the discussion I put forward following questions: 1) Why do people who are used to the convenience of "immaturity" would be willing to escape out of it? 2) What would be the reasons of "enlightened" people, especially among the "guardians", to promote enlightenment for the others and not to create any obstacles to it? 3) How are we supposed to understand the role of "the man of learning" to which role Kant links the public use of reason? Who are the "men of learning" – the educated individuals, the intellectuals or the philosophers? 4) If the change in the church teachings is acceptable as result of a public discussion and criticism, then what will be the criteria to decide what changes are to be or not to be adopted? 5) What could be the threats to the state in result of the religious freedom (according to Kant they are imaginary)? 6) How should we understand the human dignity?
Утопичните острови на тропиците – възможни и реални
Author(s): Maya Gorcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021
In the European cultural tradition, the image of the islands brings together the geographical strangeness with a social utopia. The paper traces its historical alterations, as attested in documentary and literary travel stories, in comparison with Leibniz's thesis of the "best world".
Феномен и схема. Подстъпи към една възможна критическа феноменология
Author(s): Kristiyan Enchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017
This article elucidates why the Kant's transcendental scheme in its orthodox type is not a functionally reliable bridge in the transition from pure cognitive forms to real experiental "crystallizations", and how this can be compensated by its transformation into a phenomenal structure including as its own elements regionally relevant kinaesthetic organization and "encoded ideas". Ideas undergo deformalization – from "purely regulatory" schemes of reason, they go to constitutive structures that comprise regional figurative adhesions and as such receive regional "encoding" – contentful concretization. This type of rethinking of the transcendental scheme also leads to a significant change in the way in which local phenomena should be understood (such as, for example, socialization and education) so as to guarantee their rethinking in the transition from the empirical (but hermeneutically grasped manifold) to the phenomenal integrity in the encoded ideas as a regionally relevant, concrete "figurative kinship".
Феномен французского Просвещения как диалектическое единство образовательной дидактической практики и философской теории
Author(s): Alexandr Vladimirovich Dyakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2020
Introduction. The goal of the paper is to analyze the phenomenon of the French Enlightenment as a dialectical unity of didactic practice and philosophical theory: a philosophical and pedagogical practice in which the theoretical aspect is inseparable from the practical one.Materials and Methods. The author uses the historical-perspective method, based on the universal principle of historicism, as well as methods of textual and contextual analysis and general methods of hermeneutic research.Results. Having reviewed and analyzed scholarly literature and critical works the author proposes the idea of the inextricable unity of didactic practice and the philosophical theory of Enlightenment. It is shown that this unity was the basis of philosophical and pedagogical practice aimed at transforming the man and the human mind. The discourse of the Enlightenment itself is inseparable from the practice of its transmission.Conclusions. The author developed and substantiated the approach to studying the philosophy of the French Enlightenment as a philosophical and pedagogical practice, implemented in the context of the philosophical project of transforming the human mind through changing the conditions of human existence.
Феноменологически мотиви в трансценденталната философия на Кант
Author(s): Hristo Stoev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2020
The aim of the article is to reconstruct some important themes and conceptual motives that mark the continuity between Kant's transcendental philosophy and Husserl's phenomenology. They are divided into dozen headings in order to support more analytical approach. These include the difference between phenomenology and phenomenalism, the status of the thing in itself and the transcendental object,the faculty of intuition, Kant's refutation of idealism in relation to Hus serl'slifeworld, the role of imagination, the time-consciousness and others.The aim of the article is to reconstruct some important themes and conceptual motives that mark the continuity between Kant's transcendental philosophy and Husserl's phenomenology. They are divided into dozen headings in order to support more analytical approach. These include: the difference between phenomenology and phenomenalism, the status of the thing in itself and the transcendental object, the faculty of intuition, Kant's refutation of idealism in relation to Hus serl's lifeworld, the role of imagination, the time-consciousness and others.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПОНЯТИЯ «СТАТУСА ВЕЩЕЙ» В МЕТАФИЗИКЕ И ТЕОЛОГИИ ИЕЗУИТОВ КОНЦА XVI – ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XVII ВВ.
This article is a study of a new type of metaphysics that arose within the tradition of scholastic philosophy and theology of the Jesuits by the middle of the 17th century. The article describes the opposition of the traditional and new understanding of scholastic metaphysics on the example of Fr. Suárez and S. Izquierdo. The formation of the ontological concept of "status of things" is identified as one of the key conditions and signs of this transformation of metaphysics. First, the formation of this concept is explored in the scholastic tradition preceding Izquierdo, namely in Fonseca, Suárez, Hurtado de Mendoza and Fabri, as a history of shifts in meaning and of the emergence of new contexts in which the term "status" was used. Second, we describe the systematic context of the doctrine of the status rerum in the universal theory of objects of human thought in Izquierdo's Pharus scientiarum (1659). Thirdly, we explicate the very concept of the status of a thing in the first philosophy of Izquierdo, its necessary connection with the concept of the objective truth of a thing, and also show the special significance of the first "quidditative status of things" as a whole set of objective truths underlying all demonstrative human sciences. Finally, the article points out that one of the essential features of Izquierdo's new metaphysics is the strengthening of the methodological nature of the universal science recorded in his treatise in comparison with the traditional Jesuit prototype in Suárez.
Хердерово схватања нације
Author(s): Dušan Dostanić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012
In this article the author deals with the conception of a nation by the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder. In this paper is pointed out Herder's conception of language as the main feature of the nation. In addition, special attention was paid to Herder's notion of "national spirit". According to Herder, every distinctive characteristic of a nation is essentially a product and a manifestation of a "national spirit". In the third part the author deals with German philosophers view upon the question of relations between different cultures. Thus the fundamental features of Herder's cultural nationalism are indicated as well as his relationship with enlightment's cosmopolitism. The purpose of this work is to emphasize the roots and the beginnings of the modern considerations of nation, nationalism and national identity.
Хоркхајмерова предавања о Декарту и Лајбницу
Author(s): Ana Galić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 33/2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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What is a hydrogen fuel cell car?
Some consider it the better, cleaner future of cars as we know it, but exactly what is a hydrogen fuel cell car? On the surface, they look very similar to electric cars, but the key difference is under the hood.
Unlike electric cars which will be the norm come 2030, hydrogen cars, also known as fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), are still very much a developing market. There are quite a few different technologies across manufacturers when it comes to hydrogen cars. The main goal of all of them is to make electricity from hydrogen and oxygen.
What do hydrogen fuel cell-powered cars emit?
Hydrogen fuel cars are designed to take in oxygen and emit only water. Not only are their emissions limited to harmless water, the cars can also take in dirty air, and clean it through their conversion processes.
Hydrogen cars use complex air filtering systems to draw in oxygen, and this is then mixed with hydrogen. The energy produced works to power an engine that is similar in design to a traditional combustion engine, without the creation of waste gases.
What cars run on hydrogen?
The availability of hydrogen cars is relatively limited at the moment. Being such an emerging market, the cars themselves are still expensive to buy. Ways to manufacture them on a larger scale, at a reasonable price, is still something brands are working on. As of 2021, most hydrogen cars are being marketed to business owners to purchase as fleets. This is because, as well as the high cost, there is not yet a viable network of refuelling stations available for consumers — there are approximately a dozen across the entire country.
What car companies are making hydrogen cars?
Currently, in the UK, hydrogen cars are extremely limited in availability. Toyota and Hyundai offer their own models, with other brands yet to release any hydrogen vehicles. Given the popularity of electric cars and the nation's increasing awareness of environmentally friendly travel, hydrogen cars may yet grow in popularity. However, until then, it's worth asking if the cars are quite worth the investment. As well as the difficulties of fueling them, general awareness and demand aren't quite there, which can make selling your car tricky.
Between electric and hydrogen, regular fuel may be a thing of the past.
How do hydrogen cars work?
Hydrogen cars convert chemicals to electricity, water, and heat. This energy is then used to power a combustion engine. Here's a closer look at the science behind it all.
The chemical
The chemical that powers hydrogen cars is, as the name suggests, hydrogen. Hydrogen is a gas that can be used as a clean fuel. Hydrogen can be generated in a range of ways, including wind and solar power, and nuclear power.
The fuel cell
In a hydrogen fuel-cell car, this chemical is stored in a cell that is not too different to a battery found in electric cars. Unlike a battery, this cell works to generate electricity only, not to store it. A single cell isn't powerful enough to propel a car, so cell 'stacks' are used to combine several together. The cell features a positively charged side (anode) and a negatively charged side (cathode), with an electrolyte in between. Inside the fuel stack, hydrogen is broken down into ions and electrons.
It is the electrons that are channelled to the cathode via a circuit and it's this part of the process which powers the car. At the end of the process, hydrogen combines with H2O, or oxygen, and becomes water which is released via the exhaust pipe.
The engine of a hydrogen car doesn't vary very much from those found in a petrol car. The key difference is that they burn clean i.e. the only thing they emit is water, no harmful CO2 emissions.
Some argue that the issue of transporting hydrogen counts against it as a viable option for all cars.
Are hydrogen cars better than electric cars?
Hydrogen cars are a bit of a divisive subject. Some argue that they are superior to electric cars as they only emit water. Others say that hydrogen is the greener fuel source, as electricity itself can still come from fossil fuels. Counter to that is the fact that hydrogen can also be made through methods that are not particularly green. Plus, transportation is also an issue as the chemical needs to be delivered to its fueling station.
In terms of car ownership, there is far more knowledge around electric cars, and that includes servicing. Hydrogen cars are much newer, and rarer, so finding a professional to fix any issues will be hard, to say the least.
On the plus side, hydrogen cars are generally able to go further on a single charge than electric cars. Charges take less than five minutes. This has led to the suggestion that the perfect future of cars involves electric cars for short journeys and daily driving, and hydrogen cell cars for industrial vehicles covering more miles. That said, only time will tell if hydrogen cars gain their place in the mainstream car market.
Going green?
Hydrogen cars may not be a common sight on the road, but if you want to go green, electric cars are a great choice. Take a look at our useful guides on EVs.
How to sell an electric car
Electric cars — should you buy or sell?
What is a hybrid car and how do they work?
How long does it take to charge an electric car?
Do electric cars pay the congestion charge?
Do electric cars need servicing?
The ultimate Birmingham Clean Air Zone (CAZ)
Euro 6 compliance & emission standards


My mom passed away three years ago, and before that, she was on hospice for eight weeks. The caregivers from our location took care of my mom. I explain that to every potential client — I want you to know I'm going to send the same loving, caring people to take care of your loved one, just like the people I sent to take care of my mom. We hire caregivers for their smiles and hearts, then teach them everything they need to know.
Now, I want to pay it forward: I want to give back to people. Owning this ComForCare location allows me to do that. I believe we make an enormous difference in the lives of our clients and their families. Being able to help other people is why we do what we do.
People choose ComForCare because we're there — we're responsive. We're a good problem-solving team. Things are always going to happen, and we don't shy away from approaching these issues head-on. People will call and say thank you because of our dedication to them. Hearing them, knowing we've done something to make them happier, even if they don't choose us, is a particularly rewarding experience.


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Thanks to our very own moderator of fiber-y goodness, Jane Doe, I have now seen what is probably the strangest and trippiest crafting video out there! Here's a brief description (set to music) of how to make "Mongolian Felt".
This was excellent. Setting instructions to music is a great way to remember steps.
This video rocked my world!! I love how the horse's snorts were in time to the music during the "Roll It….Roll It" phase.
i'm pretty sure i just got brainwashed. but i'm okay with that cuz it was about felt.
« Woooo! Craftster Best of 2009 is here!


Man of Steel was pretty good, but I was still somehow disappointed. Not entirely sure why; there were plenty of flaws, but Superman: The Movie has flaws too, and I love that one. Like STID, Man of Steel suffers from too much action for the sake of action, and the sheer amount of destruction visited upon Metropolis and elsewhere is disturbing. But I think I'm dissatisfied because there's nothing clever or thoughtful about how the bad guys are defeated; it's just that Superman is really strong. The Jor-El hologram provided some ingenuity, but nothing from Superman. I'd have liked to see him outwit Zod.
The best thing about the movie is Lois Lane — this is easily the best portrayal of that character on camera and maybe in any medium ever. She's clever, principled, brave, and not at all stupid. Henry Cavill does a great job as Clark/Kal-El, and I enjoyed Richard Schiff as Dr. Hamilton (still bummed Emil got swept off with the baddies into the wormhole thingy) and most of the rest of the supporting cast.
But... I guess it just wasn't fun. Maybe I'll see it again and reevaluate.


text:
Ok so maybe this post was more a summary of trends over the last few decades. Seemingly, the right-wing rank and file might get some of what they want, and during a Democratic presidency, instead of during the time when Republicans controlled the executive and legislative branches. Ironic? Nope. Not even if you've barely been paying attention.
And not ironic for two reasons:
1. The obvious issue of Obama not being a progressive, or even a liberal, or even really a centrist given, say, Nixon's domestic policy.
2. It always seems that the party that doesn't have the executive branch has the testicles. Will there even be a US anti-war movement again until the day after Jeb Bush's inauguration in January, 2017?
C'mon Now
Libya a humanitarian intervention? Silber says "please" ie "bullshit". Also, give the man some money if you can. I plan on doing so in April; I hope you will too.
Friends of D
Nice post regarding "what is to be done" by Leftists in regards to the Democratic party (comments good so far too). I just wanted to note that, in some ways, Republicans aren't really getting what they want either. At least not "our" counterparts.
It would be better to talk of four groups (at minimum):
1. Socially liberal financial/political elite (gay marriage OK as long as we can keep outsourcing entry-level white-collar service jobs)
2. Conservative-leaning financial/political elite (gay marriage not OK and also we need to secure more oil)
3. Conservative to right wing working- and middle-class people (all the cliches)
4. Liberal to Leftist working- and middle-class people (all the other cliches)
Depending on which party is in power, either group 1 or group 2 have more influence on policy, always to the detriment of groups 3 and 4. Group 1 needs group 4 to get elected and plays to them when out of power, only to ignore them when in. Group 2 needs group 3 to get elected, and still, at least, pretends to act in the interest of Group 3 while in power. But, just as Group 4 has plenty of reasons to be disappointed when it comes to Group 1's progress on core values, so does Group 3 have every reason to hate Group 2. No prayer in schools yet. No constitutional amendment to ban abortion yet. No real vanquishing of existing gun control legislation yet. In regards to economic matters, while Group 3 government intervention out of fealty to a concept of negative freedom and individualism, Group 2 takes advantage of that sentiment to advocate for the positive freedom of the companies they are involved in or represent, further imposing corporate control (and therefore government control [get that through your heads, Tea Party!!!]) on the lives of Group 3.
Bottom line is that rank-and-file Republicans aren't getting what they want, and, if they could bring themselves to read books by Leftists, they would understand that they are just as fucked as "we" are even if their desires were to remain opposed to ours.
Segregation in Cities
Article here.
I'm surprised that DC did not make this list. And I didn't even feel surprised until I reached the end. I shudder to think of what it is like in the cities that did make the list. I live in one of them, yes, but, as the article mentions, New York is a little different due to density. And Brooklyn even more so. Except for Park Slope and Brooklyn Heights. Fuck those places.
But DC... I have spent a total of weeks, maybe even months, sitting at L'Enfant waiting for the Yellow Line train to Huntington (Virginia). And for the years after the Green Line was built but before the appearance of screens displaying the arrival times of the next few trains, the easiest way to tell whether the next train coming was a Yellow or not was... the color of the skin of the majority of the people on the platform. That there are worse places... sad.
Still Sad
Well. IOZ rightfully points out that what Herbert imagines as contradiction is actually quite consistent. But I am still sorry to see Mr. Herbert go (see bottom of page). Yeah, he is not quite the model of a rigorous Leftist intellectual, and still seems to believe in a concept of America that had and has nothing to do with oligarchy, imperialism and crony capitalism, one that may have always existed only on paper (though certain decades are better than others), but I always felt like he actually, really, has the interests of average Americans at heart. I never got the impression that his populism was slick and exploitative, like that of politicians, and he certainly never had the intellectual distance of Krugman, who will believe that justice exists only when his pie charts tell him it does.
So thanks Mr. Herbert, for giving a shit.
Oh shit :-(
Honestly, I kept hoping she would have her well-deserved revival in popular culture and make a bit of money and live happily ever after for a bit longer but...
Loleatta Holloway RIP
Her voice was truly inspirational to millions and it will be missed dearly.
I promise if you vote in my poll I won't bomb innocent civilians, no matter who or what wins!
Eighties Sixties Revival
Simon asks whether "revivalisms from the past no longer seem so culpable"?
It's a good question. I got invited out to see a band this weekend whose sole reason for being is supposedly to recreate pre-Rollins Black Flag. The person who invited me, someone who actually listened to and participated in the American hardcore scene back in the 80s, feels a little uneasy about going to see this band. I'm sure he can imagine his teenage self laughing at his capitulation to nostalgia, viewing seeing this band as not especially dissimilar to seeing the Stones in the 1980s.
All I could say to him was that it only made sense to look down on this sort of thing when there was a new, viable alternative. If there were some music movement right now that, in terms of aesthetics, did not sound like punk but did actually work towards the same ends, to dismiss that in favor of historical recreations, would be pretty crappy. As far as I can tell, that movement doesn't exist.
So I guess, at least to me, the revivals that happened in the 1980s, which did deny the viability of newer, better, music, are still pretty culpable. I don't know what it was like to be in Britain. But the idea of myself in the 1980s being some jerk listening to one of a long, forgotten list of bands that, post-punk, tried to reconnect with some specious vision of American roots while considering house, techno, hip hop, and synth-driven British post-punk as all aberrant, flashes in the pan, is pretty distasteful.
That revolutions don't usually achieve all they set out to do doesn't mean they shouldn't be fought. Nor are we, knowing this to be true, somehow absolved from sitting around and doing nothing instead.
Anyways, here's some excellent source material for the eighties sixties two thousands eighties sixties revival:
Don't Vote For This Person
It's almost getting entertaining at this point. Like it's one thing to fuck this country continuously in uncomfortable places, another to break out so many different moves that the Kama Sutra is shamed. That deserves a perverse kind of respect. Only, I fear for what orgasm constitutes in this analogy.
Park and Fifth!
I guess I have been wondering lately. Who the hell are the people at the very, very, very top of our elite? I mean, the kind of people who judge each other on exactly what street on the Upper East Side. Exactly what town in the Hamptons. Exactly when in Martha's Vineyard. Exactly who in DC. The higher up you go, the more subtle and significant the gradations. Better to have a townhouse mansion or a triplex on the park?
Who are the most exalted amongst the exalted? The billionaires that intimidate the other billionaires? Who is the top? Are they lonely? Even with all that Bordeaux?
What could possibly motivate these people? Who so desperately needs to climb one position, from nine to eight, out of 300 million? What kind of soul could throw men and women, young and old, healthy and strong, off the side of a sinking ship only to achieve the momentary satisfaction of having the last piece of dry deck before death? Who will look over floating bodies in the moonlight, feet mere feet from the cold, smiling, glowing; post-orgasmic bliss?
If it is the case that all history is the history of class struggle, then it could also be seen as the story of a challenge: to find a way for psychopathic narcissists to satisfy their ambitions without destroying everyone else.
Toddler or 85?
I find myself increasingly cranky, overly-sensitive (I swear, if the phone rings while I am typing this my blood pressure will rise significantly), and I need a nap. The process of becoming poorer is interesting because the ambitions that one cannot quite achieve also become less costly. The vacation I used to not be able to afford was a trip to Europe or South America. Now, I would love the opportunity to simply find myself in the middle of a field somewhere, far from civilization, so that I could just scream until I didn't need to anymore. And I don't have the cash, if only because, by the time I got to said field, I would be far enough from home to require some place besides my own apartment to $leep that night. So.
PS Don't forget to vote
I don't know why...
...but today seems like the most depressing news day in a long time. As an equal-opportunity cynic, it doesn't seem wrong for me to both feel anger towards the launching of another military adventure on behalf of "freedom" and also towards the predictable array of people, myself included, saying the same thing as myself and the same thing that they usually say and the same thing over and over again.
Exactly when were we going to stop bitching about the pan being too hot towards jumping out? I lost my E-vite.
The ease with which we all lump any new event into the same old formulations does not mean those formulations are wrong but it does mean that we have all of the evidence we need to justify any positive action towards change. Are we just going to keep reading the newspaper and feign outrage even while we know that there is nothing that those in power could do to shock us, bar offing themselves en masse and placing their money in a trust to which only the homeless have access?
I'm sort of bored with playing court taxonomist. Aren't you?
The fact that anarchists, communists, progressive apologists, "liberal" hawks, moderates, neoliberals, conservatives, paleoconservatives, fascists, etc., all put the same events into different boxes does not change our relationship to those events, nor theirs. While political belief is much different in nature to gender, race, ethnicity, religion, etc., don't you think that, ultimately, internecine squabbles between different groups of anarchists over their own visions of moral purity are, functionally, for those in power, exactly the same as the fights between working class whites and Hispanic immigrants? We distract ourselves with the "narcissism of small differences" and they distract themselves with renovating another house in the Hamptons.
But a thought came to me recently. What good is it to say one is moral without ever having been in a situation where one's commitment is tested? So what if you or I would never have attacked Libya? Exactly when did we have the choice?
Not quite cold turkey
My computer at home is not working anymore. I am not going to fix it for a while in order to ensure that my time away from work is spent more efficiently. I am still going to waste my time at work, of course!
I guess I really haven't commented on current affairs in a while. Suffice it to say:
Japan - It's a tragedy. I'm glad to see that the people I don't know but whose blogs I read are doing well but that I have not had to suffer a moment of sadness is obviously no consolation for anyone, including myself.
Nuclear power - At the risk of seeming to view this problem purely from the perspective of money - as any vintage synth enthusiast can tell you, don't buy something if you can't afford to fix it. Doesn't matter if it works 99% of the time.
Libya - Well I guess some people are happy. As for me, I am too conscious of the larger pattern to feel excited in any way. If life gets better for the people of Libya, the majority of them; if Western bombings somehow lead to the worker's paradise, good for them, really. Still, it's the same shit here, innit? President in hating constitution shocker. Just war, etc. Just war, Inc.
Anyways, I've put up another poll. I appreciate your vote.
Foul Mood
I guess there are a few different reactions to feeling trapped. I can think of three right now but I'm sure there are more. The first is to simply make the best of a bad situation, the second is to lament that situation, and the third is to try and break down the walls.
Mostly, and for various reasons, I have oscillated between the first and second, but now I am trying the third and I am immediately reminded of why it has been a while since the last time I have tried. Getting out is a fucking hassle.
More specifically, looking for work is a hassle. A fucking hassle.
There are a lot of tragedies that have come from the current financial crisis, or rather, the most recent dredging of the river upon which money flows to ensure that it travels more freely to its destination, the pockets of the wealthy. I wouldn't consider my situation tragic at all. I am employed. Yes, I am unhappy, but that's just "adulthood" for the majority of Americans. But part of the "new normal" that is going to make "normal" suck for all but the most well-adjusted type-A personalities out there is that the relationship between employer and employee has changed, I think, permanently. The scarcity of jobs, and the fact that so many of the new ones that are being created and will be created, are crappy, just means that us beggars will have to beg more intensely for less. And I wonder where that places me.
I really haven't found my metier, or at least one that feeds me. And I worry that my life will be a succession of jobs that will never be fulfilling and, by design, will never quite pay me enough to escape. I know that running a small business could be a way out, but the start-up costs, the loans, oh my. And the price of that self-determination would be a massive increase in the time I would have to dedicate to work. I could do something I wanted to do, but so much more of it that I'm not sure I would want to do it anymore. One hundred hours a week of poring over the details of my cozy little bar might make me nostalgic for the fifty I now dedicate towards tedium, or at least for the other fifty hours I have to recover from it.
There is no ending to the story today, no epiphany and no insight. The weekend is almost here.
Last Solo
I dunno. I just haven't had anything to say about anything for a while. So here is some good music. Guitar solo. Yes. Enjoy.
I guess it may not happen. Sarah Palin might not be our next president (according to here via here). And just last weekend I came up with the perfect campaign slogan*:
Because the tension is unbearable... Apocalypse Now!
*perfect, at least, for disillusioned Leftists! Actually, dear President Obama, I will vote for you. All I ask for is two NM first-press copies of every Talk Talk album on vinyl, a Sequential Prophet VS keyboard with working aftertouch and spare EG chips, $10,000, and citizenship in any one of the fifty or so countries that have nationalized health care, affordable education, a superior Gini coefficient, and nightclubs that still have rotary mixers in their DJ booths. Thanks.
Introducing Sociology
Following on from the themes brought up at BLCKDGRD today, especially that of the moral corruption of our elite, I thought it might be nice to give credit to Stanley Kubrick's underrated film Eyes Wide Shut, which seems to track the contours of our particular decline very well, even if decline and moral corruption are far from unprecedented events. Whether you feel tempted to (re)watch the film or not, the excellent essay, "Introducing Sociology", that assisted in my own re-appraisal of the film, is really, really worth your time.
LOL (GTR P3 of ?)
Anyways, I was thinking about the following song all day yesterday, thinking about strategy, about when I might break this particular one out. All under the assumption... well, whatever. But, coincidentally, I heard this song at a bar last night, even subtly drummed along on the bar, and became rapt, beatific at around 2:52, and then, of course, uncontrollably overjoyed at 3:21. Perhaps posting this song now is like playing the best note of your guitar solo in the first bar, but if there's nobody else in the band...
Guitar Solos Pt. 2 of ?
I'll add some more links tomorrow but tonight you get this, one of my favorites, and though I have no citation, I vaguely remember reading an interview with Ian MacKaye where he stated that this is one of his favorites as well. What I love most about this is the way the articulated notes are constantly threatening disintegration.
Weekend is here
I don't care how "irresponsible" I look leaving at exactly 5:30. And neither does Bez.
...though
... fine so more anger and/or self-abasement in music again, yes? But remember, twee was a reaction to the violence of hardcore scene, and a necessary one. Is it really necessary to have to face flying beer bottles, mosh pits, etc., just to have good music/shows again? Premonitions of misogyny...
Oh that's why I like dance music, heh! Intensity, yes and being punched, no.
EDIT: Ok misogyny maybe a bit too much of a word to bring out but.... maybe more like... a focus on bringing back masculine-coded values might negatively impact some of the progress that women have been able to make in music. Yes, there are women who are capable of holding their own in the first few rows of a standing room only concert in 1994 but they shouldn't HAVE to be if they don't want to be.
At the risk of being even more "me too", as I always feel like I am whenever S or C have something mean to say about music, yeah I hate this shit.
This stuff has been around for a while now - I think some of it at least ties into the whole "Pet Sounds is the greatest album ever" feeling that seemed really prominent a decade/decade-and-a-half ago. I feel this stuff more akin to that than Beat Happening or Talulah Gosh. Beat Happening opened for Fugazi, you know?
Anyone who wants to truly have reason to hate can read this thread here at ilxor.
I didn't participate in it myself, but I think I would have described this music as such: Newlywed couple in Subaru with Obama 2012 bumper sticker is driving to Ikea to buy a Christmas Tree whilst wearing matching sweaters, silently listening to NPR still not quite disabused of the notion that people of the opposite sex have cooties.
When I hear this music, I imagine that the listeners have gone through some sort of incredibly intense childhood trauma and that they are living out the most intense form of repression that they possibly can.
But it probably isn't that. I think it more comes down to something Terry Eagleton wrote. He wrote something like: the world could best be divided into two groups; those who think everything is fine bar a few issues, and those who think everything is fucked bar a few good things. I think a lot of us who got into "underground" music partially due to belonging to the latter group are still not quite used to the fact that there are so many people part of the former group now turning all our childhood angst into something cute.
Anyways, I doubt many of you will be able to read the whole thread linked to above, so I will quote the best post I can remember.
Weingarten: "really makes me yearn for the days when indie meant this"
The internet is just an excuse. I think most bands have had good record collections since the beginning of records. It would be pretty foolish to be, say, a rock guitarist and not listen to Django Reinhardt, or Grant Green, or Sonny Sharrock, and I bet a lot of the great guitarists who don't sound like any of the aforementioned artists only don't sound like them because they were able to synthesize what they were able to learn from them into something new.
The whole eclecticism racket is just a hedging of bets, an unwillingness to have an opinion. It's being so afraid of being wrong that one ceases to be; one is overcome by influences instead of fighting through them.
I think critics like these type of artists because these artists are like critics in the worst sense - striving for "balance", always "objective", meaning non-committal, never willing to take a risk lest they lose the minuscule amount of cultural cache they have gained.
I know Simon called this attitude "record collection rock" years ago. While he was most likely thinking of it in terms of a band's willingness to show off their taste through their music, there is another way of thinking about it. A record collector, as opposed to a music fan, buys records he thinks he should have based on some sort of external criterion. A Detroit techno collector has all the releases on Transmat, a classic rock collector has every Doors record, and to them, it doesn't matter if they don't like "The Groove" or LA Woman. With creativity, deciding what something will be before it is made is the easiest way to ensure nothing new will take place.
Miles Davis: I'll play it first and tell you what it is later
Sonic Youth (the band most likely to be called "curators"): Kill yr idols
Well Simon has invited Carl, and anyone, to post some of their favorite guitar solos. I'll make a few contributions, though I think most of mine will be pretty typical. Thread so far (let me know if you posted about this and I missed it):
4 - it's worth noting, and is noted in the comments, that, according to Our Band Could Be Your Life, the caller is a pathological liar who called the show often
As for me...
The earliest music I can remember is mid-80s soft rock. Though my father mostly did it, occasionally my mother would drive me to work and she would play DC's soft rock station, 97.1 WASH-FM. Considering she listened to some damn good music in the 1960s, I don't get why this is what I was subjected to. I assume she was just tired. She usually worked until eight or nine at night and her commute took her around 45 minutes each way.
WASH-FMs playlist was fairly diverse given the constraints it imposed upon itself. It was an interesting mix of post-new-wave pop (Wham, Belinda Carlisle), survivors of earlier decades and movements (Phil Collins, Starship), and even some "yacht rock" (Michael McDonald, Kenny Loggins). What most of the music seemed to have in common is that it featured artists who were more famous for something else they had already done, with other people, but who were now coasting on the fame they had gained from those earlier endeavors. The dreaded solo careers so prevalent in that period.
Most of this music is pretty tepid, and I am fairly distrustful of the attempts to re-appraise it. There is a difference between listening to music that is nostalgic and listening to music because one is nostalgic. And though I don't look down on the latter, I don't know what one's owns memories have to do with any objective claim one might make about a piece of music.
That being said, the music I heard then did leave it's mark on me. Certain records have certain effects, affects, and they are inescapable. I leave it to you where to place the following song in the cannon of one of the most successful bands of all time. I just like the guitar solo, a weird impression of Glass/Adams/Reich-style shifting arpeggios that brings this emotional record to its peak and conclusion. Ladies and Gentlemen, I give you, the best artist WASH-FM played when I was being driven to school in the mid-1980s, Fleetwood Mac, and "Gypsy".
stop doing that thing I told you to do because I never told you to do it even though I did you are doing it wrong because you are doing it the way I told you to do it but I didn't tell you to do it that way so do it the way i told you not to do it the day i told you to do it but not that day the day before but not the day before the other day before
ASAP!!!
Blegangst
The coiner of the phrase now has a case. I'm sure he'll get through it.
The process of becoming more frustrated, more strident, more despairing, more demanding, etc., that I have gone through over the last 11 years is about 25% due to coming into contact with all the typical 20th century French and German influences, and 75% due to the fact that it's not that people don't know the truth; they don't care. And so vanished any aspirations I had towards some sort of brilliant career in academia. Because I wanted to change the world, not my status in it (though, fuck, vacation time!)*. This blog is basically a hastily-written and rarely-edited version of what I think I would have accomplished had I spent a house I don't have on a few degrees, ie fairly little. Even if I were a bit smarter due to reading those same "Frogs 'n' Krauts" with smarter people and a better writer having my papers edited by better writers, well, the result would be the same, still.
;-), aged: visibly, writer of numerous liberal complaint books and obscure essays in obscure academic journals, has died of a heart attack. His writing was ignored by most, except by other writers of liberal complaint books, who often took him to task over slight disagreements towards marketing their own liberal complaint books. Some people agreed with him completely, and did nothing about it. He is survived by his collection of Jameson and Jameson.
But writing takes the bullshit out of my head so that there is enough space for the new bullshit, the flow of which will never abate. In the interest of not exploding, I persist.
*I'm not saying anything about anyone else and their brilliant academic careers. Just saying - how many authors of liberal complaint books can there be, and, were there an insufficient amount, who would think I the best person to pick up the slack?


text:
Clients, Partners and Affiliations
Education trends aligning with how children learn
Dave Baldwin, a local futurist, is observing trends and changes in America's 120-year-old educational system.
Because the world and its knowledge are essentially at the fingertips of everyone with a smartphone, tablet or computer with internet access, Baldwin said students eventually may not need classrooms to learn information.
"We're so grounded in the methods- and facilities-based educational system we used 100 years ago. It doesn't account for advances in technology and everything we've learned about learning and we haven't changed our system to accommodate that," Baldwin said. "We've been working on a scarcity model. Teachers, k-12 school system, universities have predetermined packaged levels of content (information).
"Somehow you must make sense of what I give you to what you want and (need to know)."
There are schools already changing from using the scarcity model of passing information from teacher to student to an abundance model with students having multiple access points to information and a say in deciding what they want and need to learn.
In past decades the subject matter was taught in the classroom and then additional work and drills were given as homework, he said.
The flip now is with videos on the internet, students are asked to go watch and learn the lesson content using videos on educational websites such as Kahn Academy and discuss the videos with an instructor the next day. This allows the teacher more time for individual attention to students needing help with the lesson they learned at home.
The deeper thinking and learning involved in the flipped classroom model, is proving to have stronger results than traditional models.
Students in Austin, Texas' Action Academy who have used a student-centered and flipped-classroom model are about four grade levels ahead of where students in their age group stand, Baldwin said.
"When the kids are responsible for their own learning, they're excited. They don't want to see school to end because it's not work; it's like play. It's what they want to do.
"It's changing what happens during the day and lets the kids do the lesson that we used to call the school day on their time at night and now come back and let's make sense of it. Integrate it to what you want to learn today."
But Baldwin sees signs beyond a simple flip in education models.
Technology, specifically smartphones and other mobile devices, allows consumers at all educational levels to "make the world the classroom," he said.
https://youtube.com/watch?v=ojiebVw8O0g%2520frameborder%3D0%2520allowfullscreen
"It makes the use of the school building different. It becomes a convenient place to come talk about things," Baldwin said. "But the learning happens out in the world.
"Who becomes my resource? These kids (can) begin to work in teams, do research, but they also can work with other schools around the world. Because we can. We can, in real-time communicate; ask questions, we can collaborate. Now kids can do this with each other and say, 'What are you observing of the earthquakes in Japan?'"
Baldwin said some may think that moving learning outside the schools could be a threat. But he sees it as a potential opportunity to augment a child's learning experience.
"If we are open to rethinking what it is we want students to know and actively hold them responsible for learning, we would want them to have access to the world's information and opportunities and would see the four walls of the school as limiting a child's experience," Baldwin said.
"Major changes are ahead in education from kindergarten through higher education, and will require a new focus on lifelong and continuous learning from many new sources — not just schools."
© [2017] [Aquarian Technology Systems]