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New insights on how altered gut microbiota mediates some of metformin's therapeutic effects
24 Jul 2017 | Andreu Prados
Diabetes, Fecal Microbiota Transplant, Gut Microbiota, Gut Microbiota Composition, Metabolic Conditions, Research & Practice
Tagged: Gut microbiota metabolism Metformin Microbiome type 2 diabetes
It is well-known that medications could affect the microbiome and therefore host-microbiota interactions are considered a confounding factor that can contribute to therapeutic and side effects of drug treatments. Previous research has shown that gut microbiota may partially mediate both therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin, which is the most prescribed drug for the treatment of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, little is known regarding how metformin interacts with gut bacteria in human subjects.
A new randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, led by Prof. Fredrik Bäckhed from the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine at Wallenberg Laboratory at the Institute of Medicine in University of Gothenburg (Sweden), has found both clinical and mechanistic evidence that metformin's improved blood glucose control is achieved through modulation of the gut microbiota.
In order to clarify how the gut microbiota composition and function is affected by metformin, the researchers performed whole-genome shotgun sequencing of faecal samples of patients with new onset T2D (n = 22) before and after 4 months of treatment with 1,700 mg/day of metformin, compared with a placebo-treated group (n = 18). A subset of the placebo group switched to receive metformin (850 or 1,700 mg/day; n = 13) 6 months after the start of the study and their faecal samples were analysed after a further 6 months.
Metformin treatment for 2 and 4 months led to a dramatic change in the composition of the gut microbiota, mostly affecting g-proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Specifically, metformin increased levels of Bifidobacterium adolescentis that was negatively correlated with % haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), which identifies average plasma glucose concentration and is used as a marker of proper blood glucose control. Besides this, metformin also promoted the growth of B. adolescentis and Akkermansia muciniphila in pure cultures. Earlier studies have shown a relationship between A. muciniphila abundance and improved metabolic features in both mice and humans. The microbial changes observed after 2 and 4 months of metformin treatment correlated with the microbial changes observed in the switched placebo subgroup after 6 months on metformin.
In a related animal experiment, transplantation of faecal samples (obtained before and 4 months after treatment) from metformin-treated human donors to germ-free mice showed that the metformin-modified gut microbiota may partially explain the beneficial effects of metformin on blood glucose control.
Finally, direct effects of metformin on the gut microbiota were investigated by culturing faecal samples in gut simulators and afterwards exposing them to a constant flow of metformin for 1 week. The researchers showed that metformin affected pathways with common biological functions in bacterial species belonging to different phyla. For instance, pathways involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis, butyrate and pyruvate metabolism, and some pathways related to the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were enriched by metformin.
In conclusion, these results support the idea that altered gut microbiota may mediate some of metformin's therapeutic effects in humans. Further studies are needed in order to confirm which pathways are involved in the beneficial effects of drugs on glucose metabolism, taking into account host-microbiota interactions.
Wu H, Esteve E, Tremaroli V, et al. Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug. Nat Med. 2017; doi: 10.1038/nm.4345.
Andreu Prados
Andreu Prados holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Pharmacy & Human Nutrition and Dietetics. Science writer specialised in gut microbiota and probiotics, working also as lecturer and consultant in nutrition and healthcare. Follow Andreu on Twitter @andreuprados
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"In FY14, we brought in more than $32 million, but we spent over $37 million, so we had an excess of expenditures over revenues of over $5.1 million," he said, adding that the borrowing of money across fiscal years by the school system was compounding the problem.
Fiscal year 2013 audit shows numerous issues in Stephens schools
If nothing had been done in summer and fall in 2014, things would have been very bad in fiscal year 2015, Dorsey said.
"Without some significant changes, our most likely outcome for FY15 would have been over an $8.2 million deficit we would have been dealing with had this not been stopped as soon as it was," he said.
The school system's recovery from its financial difficulties will begin to show in its fiscal year 2015 audit, Dorsey said.
The fiscal year 2014 audit report shows that the school system did not prepare financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in that year; the school's system's accounting procedures were insufficient to provide adequate internal controls over operations; and the school system reported a deficit fund balance and failed to adopt a balanced budget.
Stephens board to keep studying budget reduction proposal
All those same findings were cited in the fiscal year 2013 audit report.
One new finding in the fiscal year 2014 report involved Title I programs. State auditors said the school system did not have sufficient procedures to provide adequate internal controls over allowable costs/cost principles, cash management and financial reporting for the Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies program.
Dorsey said that could result in the school system being required to pay back about $300,000 if it cannot account for how the money was spent.
"It might not have been spent on the conditions that Title I requires," he said.
The school system is doing everything properly now in terms of its financial accounting, but that is not expected to be reflected in audits for several more years, Dorsey said.


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Headlines Nigeria
Home Technology Lyft pulls electric bikes in three US cities after complaints about braking
Lyft pulls electric bikes in three US cities after complaints about braking
Lyft is removing several thousand electric bikes from service in its bike-share program in New York, Washington and San Francisco because of a braking problem, the ride-hailing company said on Sunday.
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, 12 February 2019 -- A leading Family Law Solicitors Practice and Mediation Service with offices in Honiton, Exeter, Taunton, Yeovil, Bridgwater.
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Lawyer referral networks are an additional choice for locating family law attorneys. Some referral networks assess a fee even though other individuals give complimentary services. It can be rarely a necessity to spend anyone to assist in locating lawyers so proceed with caution when charges are assessed.
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Ask to meet with all employees members who will function on the case. It really is popular practice for attorneys to enlist enable from paralegals and administrative assistants to reduce legal fees. Clientele should really feel at ease with all staff members, but particularly these whom they are going to work closely with.
It's significant to establish legal charges prior to hiring law firms. Legal costs are usually based on the variety of case involved. One-time events, for example drafting prenuptial agreements or filing legal name alterations, are often billed at a flat fee. Ongoing cases that require court appearances or substantial investigation are ordinarily billed at an hourly price.
Most lawyers require an upfront retainer charge for representing ongoing cases. This fee is usually about 25-percent of anticipated costs. Attorneys oftentimes need payment in full when services are rendered, although other people send monthly invoices.
Customers that demand payment plans have to discuss terms ahead of time to guarantee timely access to legal counsel. It is actually essential to stay existing with payments; otherwise, lawyers can refuse to provide legal counsel.
One approach to lessen legal costs should be to constantly be organized and ready for meetings. It can be valuable to help keep case documents organized within a committed file folder. Often retain record of phone conversations, face-to-face meetings, and e-mail correspondence that take place together with the family law lawyer and staff and retain copies of all documents related towards the case.


It's Wedding Season; Don't Miss Love Cherish Adore Next Weekend!
When it comes to planning your big day, this event is the definition of unmissable.
Patrons of this sold-out event were held enthralled by the soundscapes and tempos.


Dear readers welcome to the page of THCD Recruitment Notification 2018. Recently Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Limited (THCD) released the advertisement of THCD Recruitment Notification 2018 at the official web portal i.e, www.thdc.gov.in. Contenders who are interested and eligible they can apply for THCD Recruitment 2018. Here Candidates can get the full details about Latest THCD Jobs. Dear aspirants who are applied for this jobs prepare effectively by using previous papers it can help you to crack the exam easily to reach your goal.
Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Limited is familiar with THCD. The official web portal for THCD i.e, www.thdc.gov.in. The Corporation has grown into a multi-Project Organization, with Projects spread over various States as well as neighboring country, Bhutan. THDCIL presently has a portfolio of 18 projects totaling to an installed capacity of 6374 MW under various stages of implementation/development. Now, THCD has recently released announced THCD Recruitment 2018 notifications to fill up Multiple vacant positions throughout the country in various Departments. Job searchers can apply for them according to their qualification and eligibility which are updated below in this post in a detailed manner. Aspirants who are interested in latest State Government Jobs and other Central Government Jobs Openings can now check them on our site.
A career notification has released by the Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Limited. So all eligible and interested contenders can apply. Aspirants who are interested in Government Jobs they can apply for these posts. All candidates who are applying for theses posts are requested to read the THCD Recruitment Notification before going to apply. So that aspirant will get an idea about eligibility, application etc. Here we are providing information like Posts Details, Number of Vacancies, Age limit, Qualification, Selection Procedure, Age Relaxation, Applying link, Start Date, and last Date to apply etc. Nowadays there is a heavy competition for every Govt jobs so, candidates are advised to prepare a correct schedule and follow the timetable with the help of Previous Papers and Syllabus to perform well in the exam. Interested & Eligible candidates can grab this opportunity. And also aspirants can check the admit card for THCD recruitment.
THDC India Limited is a Joint Venture of Govt. of India and Govt. of Uttar Pradesh. The Equity is shared in the ratio of 75:25 between GoI and GoUP. The Company was incorporated in July' 88 to develop, operate & maintain the 2400 MW Tehri Hydro Power Complex and other hydro projects. The Company has an authorized share capital of ` 4000 cr. THDCIL is a Mini Ratna Category-I and Schedule 'A' CPSE. The initial mandate of THDCIL was to develop, operate and maintain the 2,400 MW Tehri Hydro Power Complex (comprising of 1000 MW Tehri Dam & HPP, 1000 MW Tehri Pumped Storage Plant & 400 MW Koteshwar HEP) and other Hydro Projects. Total installed capacity of THDCIL presently is 1450 MW. THDCIL has two Hydro generating stations namely Tehri Stage-I (4X250 MW) and Koteshwar HEP (4X100 MW) and one Wind Power Project (25X2 MW) at Patan, Gujarat. The Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company have been modified to reflect the current business reality of projects outside Bhagirathi valley. The object clause has been amended to incorporate the development of Conventional/ Non-conventional/ Renewable sources of Energy and River Valley Projects.
System Officer: Bachelor's Degree of Environmental Engineering/Technology (BE/B.Tech)/Computer Science/Information and Communication Technology/Electronics & Communication or MCA & 2-year Working experience.
Grade- III Tripura Judicial Service: Candidates have to LLB Degree and Advocates of not less than 7 years practice in Courts of Civil.
System Assistant: Graduate in any Discipline with Government recognized Diploma in ITI or equivalent in Hardware & Networking.
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System Assistant: Age must be between 18 – 40 years.
Eligible candidates who need to apply for these job openings may first log on to the official website of the organization that is www.thdc.gov.in.
We are trying our best to make your search more simple and clear. If you get any doubts you can leave a comment in the comment box so that we can clarify your doubts. Bookmark (Ctrl+D) and Keep checking our website www.recruitmentsyllabus.com for regular updates about the THCD Recruitment Notifications.


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Work Search: tip: austen words:10000-50000 sort:title
Fandoms:
Law & Order: Organized Crime (TV 2021)
Olivia Benson/Elliot Stabler
Olivia Benson
Elliot Stabler
Noah Porter Benson
Original Child Character(s)
Maureen Stabler
Family Feels
Future Fic
Grandparents & Grandchildren
← Previous Work Part 2 of the as long as stars are above you (longer, if I can) series
If I Could Save Time in a Bottle
WhatBecomesOfYou
Olivia and Elliot babysit their granddaughter on what is a major day in all their lives. "Any time now, they'd get a happy phone call from the hospital with news of the newest branch on the Benson-Stabler family tree." EO future family fluff. Oneshot. Complete.
This is pretty much entirely future Benson-Stabler family fluff, set about seven years or so after the events of SVU S22/OC S1. I make no apologies.
Title and end lyrics are from "Time in a Bottle" by Jim Croce. I also quoted the song "Happy," by Pharrell, and the book Charlotte's Web by E.B. White.
"Who wants ice cream sundaes?!" Olivia called out, putting four bowls and spoons on the counter, next to an assortment of toppings she knew would be a hit with the others and a fresh carton of vanilla ice cream. "Better hurry, before it starts to melt!"
"Me! Me!" Two voices echoed their reply as they came careening around the corner into the kitchen, and when Noah and Maureen's daughter Hannah – her step-granddaughter, she had to remind herself with a smile – came into view, she had to take in the sight. "I wanna scoop my own," Hannah said proudly, flashing her newly gap-toothed smile. One of her front teeth had fallen out that morning, her first one, and her and Elliot were already discussing Tooth Fairy plans.
"Okay, but Grandpa Elliot is going to watch you," she said, helping Hannah onto the stool so she could better reach the counter, while Noah scattered a layer of multi-colored sprinkles on the bottom of his bowl.
Elliot leaned back against the counter and popped a maraschino cherry in his mouth. "I'm not sure how I feel about this whole 'Grandpa Elliot' business," he said, with a grin.
"Well, you better get used to it fast, or else Maureen and Carl's new baby won't have anything to call you," Olivia said, swatting him lightly with a hand towel, before wiping a smudge of chocolate syrup off the counter.
"Yeah, Grandpa Elliot!" Hannah chimed in, dropping her Rs; it was something they'd been working on with her at school and home, but she still struggled with it sometimes. She dug into her chocolate syrup-laden bowl of ice cream and flashed a happy grin at her grandparents.
Noah rolled his eyes and muttered something under his breath, but Olivia didn't press. He was in those early teenage years of emotional, sullen angst, and the fact that he was even outside his room and freely associating with his parents and niece was a remarkable sight to behold. Then again, he'd always had a weakness for Hannah; she worshiped her Uncle Noah, and the look in his eyes when she was around was enough for Olivia to realize the Noah she'd known, and raised and loved as her very own, since he was a baby was still in there.
"So, Hannah, can you tell me who's all in your family?" Elliot asked, as he prepared his own bowl now that the kids had made theirs. It was something her counselor at school had suggested, before the baby arrived, to gauge how she felt about the new arrival.
"There's Mama and Daddy, and you, Grandpa Elliot, and Grandma Olivia, and I also have Grandma Linda and Grandpa Steve," she started, counting off on her fingers as she went. Linda and Steve were Carl's parents, and lived an hour or two outside the city. They were away on a Caribbean cruise – Maureen had gone into labor a few weeks early. "And there's Grandma Kathy, Mama's mama, but she says we can't see her anymore, but she loves me so, so much. I never met her," her little face frowned. "And Aunt Kathleen and Aunt Liz and Uncle Rich and Uncle Noah and – and – " she squinted her eyes shut as she tried to remember the last name she was forgetting. "Oh, Uncle Eli! And soon, I'll have a baby sister! Yay!"
"That's right!" Olivia exclaimed, rubbing the top of her head. The little girl in front of her had her mother's long blonde hair, but her father's sparkling green eyes. "You're such a smart girl!"
She beamed. "Mama and Daddy won't tell me what my sister's name is going to be. Said they want it to be a surprise," she said, putting extra emphasis on the Rs.
"Do you have any idea, Elliot?" Olivia asked. "The one time I brought it up, she changed the subject to how to get a fingerprint ID card made for Hannah, now that she's in school."
He shrugged his shoulders and drew his spoon through the filmy layer of melted ice cream at the bottom of his bowl. "I don't know. They were weird about it with me too. Something's up with those two. Isn't that right, Hannah Banana?! Aren't your parents a little crazy?!" He started tickling her, and she yelped in surprise, and Olivia and Noah joined in, and soon, what remained of their ice cream sundae treats was left in melted puddles and replaced by raucous, resounding laughter and joy.
It was always a treat for them to babysit Hannah. Especially knowing that any time now, they'd get a happy phone call from the hospital with news of the newest branch on the Benson-Stabler family tree.
"Kathleen just texted," Elliot said, looking up from his phone. "Her and Carl are at the hospital with Maureen, and it sounds like they're taking her into delivery now." They were curled up on the couch in the living room, her head drooped against his shoulder and his arm comfortably wrapped around her side, holding her warmth against him.
"Oh, that's exciting!" Olivia replied, gently stroking his hand with her thumb. Noah and Hannah had run off whispering like a pack of thieves after they'd cleaned the ice cream up; they didn't know what the kids were up to, but they could occasionally hear them happily giggling from what sounded like Noah's bedroom. "You remember the day Hannah was born? I heard you were pacing up and down that hospital hallway for three hours."
"Yeah, and you had that nasty deposition downtown." He remembered the day all too well; there'd been the nerves of being a first-time grandfather, and knowing how much Kathy would have wanted to be there, and not even having Olivia there with him as he waited with Carl. He'd never liked hospitals, even less so after Kathy's death, and to be back in one less than a year later was difficult on him. Even if the end result was a lot more pleasant.
"I was thankful I got out of there and could get down to the hospital before she arrived," she said. "I didn't want to miss that."
"You could have flashed your badge at any officer who tried to pull you over that day, y'know."
"Don't think it didn't cross my mind."
"A valued NYPD detective needed urgent assistance at Presbyterian Hospital in Queens and he called the one captain he knew would answer immediately," he said, smiling at the fond memories. It'd been the look of sheer joy on Olivia's face as she looked at Hannah's tiny, sleeping form through the nursery window that pushed him to buy the damn ring already, and make it official in front of the law. His family and God already knew and didn't need further confirmation; they'd known long before he did, but it'd taken him far too long to act on it, even once he'd realized it himself.
Despite all the time they'd spent apart, aware of their feelings but unable or unwilling to do anything about it besides simmer in longing for one another, he couldn't regret anything that brought him and her to this moment here together. Their son and granddaughter were in the other room having a good time – no matter what biology tried to say, he considered Noah both of theirs, which legally, he was after they'd amended the adoption paperwork, and Olivia couldn't be a "step" anything to a true Stabler.
Even with all the wrong he felt responsible for, he'd done at least one thing right in his life. And she was sitting right beside him, as beautiful as the day they'd first met.
"I would have loved to see the lawyers' reaction if I tossed that one out under oath. Carisi already looked like he wanted to spit nails at how they were treating me."
"He and Rollins moved, right?"
"Yeah, she wanted out of the city, and he wanted to be with her. I think he's District Attorney somewhere upstate now. He'd have gone anywhere as long as she was there too."
"Can't say I blame the guy." Hanging on the walls in their living room were pictures from their travels together; he'd taken her to Rome and shown her all the places she'd been with him in his thoughts, making them into a vivid reality. They'd cozied up on the ski slopes of Chamonix and basked in the sun in the Maldives. Once they retired, and mandatory retirement was around the corner for both of them, they'd be able to see more, travel more, and the weights on their shoulders could finally dissolve. "I'd do the same thing for you."
The corners of her smile reached the edges of her face. "You're a softie, El." She admired the glint of her wedding ring off the sunlight streaming in through the window behind them. It was enough to be a symbol of their devotion, and the fact that he'd had their old badge numbers engraved on the inside of the band was the kind of little touch that meant so much.
"Only for you, Liv." He tilted her chin up to meet his and he brushed a soft, warm kiss across her lips before deepening it. "Only you." He stroked the side of her jaw with his hand, marveling in her radiance and coaxing hushed whimpers from her mouth. If they weren't careful, they'd end up tangled in each other's embrace and Hannah would get an unplanned lesson on how her and her sister were made.
She was about to formulate a reply when she heard Noah clear his throat from across the room. "One, gross. I don't need to see you two making out again. And two, Hannah and I have something we want to show you."
"Sorry, sweetie," Olivia said, but the sparkling light in her eyes suggested how not sorry she actually was. She straightened herself up a little bit, though she still leaned against Elliot. "What did you and Hannah want to show us?"
Hannah came around the corner wobbling in an old pair of Olivia's heels that she hadn't worn in years and one of Olivia's favorite blue blouses, which came down well below her knees. Smudged smears of coral lipstick stained her mouth; Elliot made a mental note to replace the tube for Olivia next time he went out. She clutched a hairbrush in one hand and grinned at her grandparents. "Noah and I wanna put on a show!"
"Yeah, well, the munchkin can be very persuasive," Noah said, with a laugh. "I couldn't say no."
"She's definitely got some Stabler genes then," Olivia replied, eyeing her husband with a look that suggested later. He suppressed a chuckle; all they'd ever had was an indefinite later, but now that they had each other, later didn't seem so daunting anymore.
"Presenting Noah Porter Benson-Stabler and Hannah Joy Dixon, for Grandpa Elliot and Grandma Olivia!" Hannah held the hairbrush up to her face like a microphone, and Noah hit play on his tablet before stepping into his usual starting position for dance. The first poppy beats of Pharrell's "Happy" echoed out across the room, and Hannah began to sing along. Noah immersed himself in his dance moves, moving as if he was fluidity and grace in motion.
"Because I'm happy, clap along if you know what happiness means to you, because I'm happy!" Her youthful energy and exuberance made up for anything that was technically lacking in her singing ability, and both of them looked on the youngsters with pride.
Elliot looked down at Olivia and saw her recording the duo on her phone. "I want to show this to Maureen later. She'd love it."
"I know she would." He kissed her forehead and went back to watching the performance. They were high-energy and clearly enjoying themselves more than anything else.
As the song wound down, Hannah ungraciously stepped out of the heels and spun herself into a series of cartwheels before flopping on the floor. "Because I'm happy! To be a big sister!"
Noah laughed. "Yeah, so that's my solo routine for the recital next month. It's this whole 'songs that were popular when you were born' theme and I had to arm wrestle Theo for 'Happy.'" Theo was the other top boy in Noah's dance class, and they were fierce competitors, but also close friends. The fact they both got solos wasn't surprising to either Elliot or Olivia.
"You did wonderful," Elliot said, reaching out to give his son a hug. "Your mom and I will be thrilled to watch you perform that on stage."
"And me too! If I get to come!" Hannah piped up, and she squeezed herself into the hug, as Elliot reached over and pulled Olivia in and made it a true family group hug.
They were only just finishing up their dinner of pizza from the place down the street with chocolate chip cookies for dessert when Elliot's phone rang. "Shhh, guys, it's Maureen!" he said, as he answered.
"Hey, Dad, or should I say, Grandpa?" Maureen said, and she sounded very exhausted but happy. Almost as if she'd pushed a human being out of her body that day, come to think of it. "Can I talk to the big sister first for a second? Then put me on speaker."
"Sure thing." He handed the phone to Hannah, and her eyes grew wide and she began to bounce in her seat as she listened to her mother's voice. When she handed the phone back to Elliot, she almost dropped it on the table from the thrill of excitement that she was feeling. "So, I take it it's good news." He tapped the speaker button and laid it on the table so Olivia and Noah could hear the conversation as well, as Hannah went to bounce off the walls in celebration.
"Haley Olivia Dixon, 6 pounds 11 ounces, 21 inches long. She's perfect, Dad, looks just like Hannah did as a newborn."
"Olivia?" Olivia said, feeling tears spring to her eyes and threaten to fall. "Like me?"
"Carl asked me why I didn't want to name her after Mom at all, but I said that my parents kinda cornered the market on naming kids after themselves, so it'd feel a little repetitive. And you, Olivia, you're the person who's kept my family together all these years. You are family, and you were before you knew it. And now, Haley is going to carry your name. Hannah brought us joy when she was born, and Haley is our strength, like you've been to us."
"I'm honored. Truly," she said, with a barely disguised sniffle. To realize Maureen thought so highly of her was to realize that everything she'd ever done for the Stabler family, ever since she first met them almost 30 years before, hadn't been a waste. "When can we meet her?"
"The doctor says you can come by tomorrow. Haley and I need our rest tonight, and besides, Hannah should probably be getting to bed soon anyway. And I know she's going to want to meet her new sister."
"I'm proud of you, Maureen," Elliot said. He gently caressed Olivia's hand as he spoke. "Not only for the beautiful name, but I know Haley is one of the two luckiest little girls in the world tonight to be able to call you her mother."
"Thanks, Dad. That means a lot."
"Any time. Get some rest, we'll come by tomorrow."
"G'night."
With the call ended, Elliot turned to Olivia and pulled her into a tight embrace, as Noah made a face and left the table for the video games in his bedroom. "I had no idea she was going to do that, honestly."
"I guess that's why she was so cagey with the name," Olivia said, and she sniffled again, this time into the warm fabric of his t-shirt. "She didn't want to ruin that surprise. I bet little Haley's precious."
"If she's anything like her Grandma Olivia, she will be."
"Her and I don't have anything in common genetically, so I don't see how that's possible."
"What have I told you before, Liv? 'It's not all about the genes,' remember?"
She remembered the comment all too well; she'd been in a self-deprecating mood that night in the precinct, and he'd found a way to build her back up while barely trying. It was one of the kindest things anyone had ever said to her. "I remember," she murmured. "You don't know how much it meant to me to hear you say that."
"Then I'll tell you every day for the rest of our lives."
"That sounds great, but I'd rather you show me instead." She batted her eyelashes at him and gave him the smile that had always been the smile that had been solely reserved for his eyes only. "But I need to make sure Hannah takes her bath, brushes her teeth, and I did promise her another chapter of Charlotte's Web tonight."
"Do you know how much the going rate for the Tooth Fairy is these days? I think dental inflation's gone up since I could leave a quarter under Maureen's pillow and call it a night."
"Give her a few dollars and she'll be happy. Besides, we already gave her ice cream and cookies today, along with the excitement of her new sister, so she's going to be a fun one to get to sleep."
"Yeah, you're probably right. I'll take care of that, you do the rest."
"Oh, so I get the hard part, while you get off easy?" She laughed. If anyone would have told her even eight years ago that she would be sitting at a kitchen table with Elliot, laughing over their granddaughter who they were babysitting while her sister was being born in a hospital across the city, she would have told them they were absolutely crazy. But her life had never been anything resembling predictable, and yet, it made complete sense that this was where it had ended up.
"Hey, I was also going to clean up the dinner mess!"
"Sure you were," she said, giving him a quick peck on the cheek before running off to corral Hannah into the bathtub.
An hour later, Hannah was bathed, her teeth brushed and pajamas on, and was laying in her pink princess sleeping bag in the spare bedroom, clutching a brown teddy bear to her chest. "Are you sure you don't want a bed to sleep on?" Olivia asked. "There's a bed right there if you want it."
"No, Grandma, I like this! It feels like I'm camping, like when Mama and Daddy took me to the mountains last summer. I can't wait until I can show Haley everything!"
"She's so lucky to have such a wonderful big sister who's going to teach her so many things." Olivia said, brushing fine wisps of blonde hair off Hannah's forehead. "Now, are you ready for Charlotte's Web?" At the girl's enthusiastic nod, Olivia took the book off the nightstand and thumbed through to where they'd left off the night before. "A spider's web is stronger than it looks," she started to read aloud, "Although it is made of thin, delicate strands, the web is not easily broken."
As she read on, Hannah's eyes began to flutter closed, as if she was coming down from the energetic sugar high she'd been on most of the day. It was moments like this that she'd yearned for as a child; despite growing up as the only daughter of a literature professor, her mom hadn't been the kind of person to read her daughter to sleep each night, and the few times she was read to at all, it tended to be literature far above her comprehension level.
"Good night, Charlotte! Good night, Wilbur! Good night! Good night!" she finished the chapter, and looked down at a sleeping Hannah. "And good night, Hannah. Sweet dreams." She stood up, kissed Hannah's forehead, set the book down on the nightstand with the bookmark snugly intact, and turned out the light before walking out of the room.
When she got to the door, Elliot was standing there, his arms crossed over his chest and a soft, content smile playing at his features. "How long have you been standing there?"
"Long enough," he said, wrapping his arms around her and nuzzling his jawline into the crown of her hair. "Seeing you read to her like that, seeing how much you care for her, care for all of us, really – I can't describe it, but it makes me so happy."
"You saw me deal with kids for years as part of the job. You're telling me this is different?"
"I've always known you were special, Liv. I knew you'd be a fantastic mom if you had half a chance, and Noah's proven that, and now you're a fantastic grandma to two wonderful little girls and counting. One of them loves you, and the other will love you the minute she lays eyes on you. Just like her Grandpa Elliot did. And yes, it's totally different. She's our granddaughter, not a victim we'll hopefully never have to see again."
"Our granddaughter." The words still felt like a marvel in her mouth, to be able to repeat them and know they were true.
"For a moment, when you were reading to her, I thought about if that was our little girl, with her mom's gorgeous brown eyes," he said, and he hummed and slowly rocked himself against her, and she allowed herself to momentarily picture that little girl. Or maybe a little boy with Elliot's eyes sleepily blinking back at her, trying valiantly to fight off sleep long enough for her to finish one more chapter. "I wish I could have done that for you."
"I do too," she said softly. "I don't like to think about what could have been, but I can't help but wonder sometimes. I love our family as it is, and I wouldn't change that for anything."
"That's right, Liv, it's you and me and the rest of our lives." He scattered kisses through her hair, and she smiled. "When I retire next year, where do you want to go on vacation first? I was thinking somewhere warm, tropical, my sexy wife in a bikini on a beach…"
"If we even make it out of the hotel room, you mean." She knew them well enough; get the two of them alone for very long, especially with no kids anywhere around, and they'd start making up for every single moment they'd ever deprived themselves of the intimacy of the other's touch and feel. "But seriously, I'm good with wherever, as long as I'm there with you."
"That sounds like the perfect trip to me."
As they swayed in tandem to the rhythm of something only they could hear, watching Hannah cradle her teddy bear tightly against her sleeping form while the occasional muffled sound came from Noah's room, and thinking about the new granddaughter they'd meet in the morning, they shared a quiet smile before slipping off to their bed for some time alone.
Genetics and biology didn't determine their family; they never did. Love and commitment, that was what wove their disparate strands together into the unbreakable bond that they shared. She would have never believed this was possible, but here they were.
"I've looked around enough to know
You're the one I wanna go through time with"
- "Time in a Bottle" by Jim Croce
-fini-
Series this work belongs to:
tayylarenae, LuAbe, jben21, alzzers, AutumnWolfe, Beatslayne2015, LadyZahara, ShaBabySW, onlystardust, Partners4Life, Modern_feminist_85, TexannaRose, Blueanna25, Dancingactress24, hargilatina, bloodymaria, Ariane_Araujo, leeregold, klutzy_girl, Thomasfan23, chasingjava, Jupiterhime, kitsunegaru, sweethoneydews, amandamonroe, alexindigo, Amilyn, greenfanfic304, justliziam, TrueRomantic, agirlwhothinksbeyond, KatherineRus, and lilila1993 as well as 27 guests left kudos on this work!
kitsunegaru Wed 16 Jun 2021 04:19AM EDT
That's okay, I didn't need my heart anyway 🥺
hargilatina Thu 17 Jun 2021 01:44AM EDT
That's the sweetest thing I've ever read in this fandom. I love fluffy EO, and I loved this! Thank you for sharing. ❤
Partners4Life Thu 24 Jun 2021 07:57AM EDT
Oh this softened my cold little heart. It was absolutely wonderful!


text:
import sublime
import io
import sublime_plugin
import shutil
import os.path

class DuplicateFileCommand(sublime_plugin.TextCommand):
    def run(self, edit, paths):
        split = os.path.splitext(paths[0])
        (key, value) = split
        dstfilename = key + " (Copy)" + value
        print("Duplicating \'" + paths[0] + "\' to \'" + dstfilename + "\'")
        shutil.copy(paths[0], dstfilename)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Everyone is familiar with Adlabs Imagica. But, does anyone know the detailed information about Imagica? About the Adlabs Imagica rides? About the reviews of the people? I guess very rarely people does know. So, here we are for sharing my experience only at Imagica Adlabs.
Imagica Corporation is a Japanese post-production Company for TV Programmes & Commercial Movies, etc.. It's headquarter is located in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan. Imagica Adlabs is located at Khopoli, India. It is covered with 300 acre which includes Theme Park, Water Park, and Snow Park. It has a capacity of 15,000 visitors. For different age groups, it includes 24 different rides in Adlabs Imagica Theme Park Rides.
The theme park is so so so much of fun. I enjoyed like anything. The very first ride I tried was "Nitro Roller Coaster". It is the roller coaster of 132 ft and tracks length of 2800 ft. The Nitro travels at 120 kmph. The ride starts raising 2-3 floor upwards slowly and comes down twisting with force. Lots of twists, ups and down are the main part of every Roller Coaster.
The next comes to "Scream Machine". It swings with a rotating swivel joint. The swivel is of octagon shape with 8 centre arms. Between every 8 arms, there are 8 groups of seats, and each group of seats include 5 seats. It means total 40 people can ride for each turn. The safety bar is available for every ride. Obviously maybe you know that 😉 So, slowly and gradually it starts the swing.
The next is "Gold Rush". It is a coaster and will drop you from the height of 66 ft. at the speed of 65 kmph. It sends you in the tunnel with great speed and experience. As it is a coaster, this ride includes ups and downs and lots of twists. Don't consider these ride as small one!
The another one is "Dare 2 Drop". The thrilling experience of this ride is great. This ride will shoot you up like a rocket in just a seconds. Before you soak in the view, you experience sudden free fall from the height of 132 ft. You can experience the maximum speed of 73 kmph. The super G force will not allow you to get any sense of things.
The another thrill ride name is "Deep Space". The thrill level is maximum. You will be launched in Deep Space into galaxies, planets, stars and meteors. You would have no idea which twist will start up to and where is would end. The reason is it is constructed inside the massive dome. It is the craziest ride amongst all the thrill rides. It starts with a slow climb and then the speed it catches is just wow. The ride gets over in mere seconds. You should definitely try this one. Thumbs up!
The very fun game that kids like to play is "Alibaba Aur Chalis Chorr". Not only kids but adults would like to play too. Sometimes, it's good to be like a kid 🙂 In this ride, you would feel like you are a part of video game and you are looking for thieves that have entered in the city "Gulabad". There would be 4 guns on each machine. Each person in the ride has to shot the green light with given laser guns. The points are calculated according to your successful shots. The maximum points may give a chance to win exciting prizes. So, just aim and shot!
Another ride is water based version – "Bump It Boats". You need to pick your motored raft and buckle up. Aim your target and race towards them and then bump!!! It's simple but fun for the family. Here the thrill level is mild. The minimum height you need is 44".
"Prince of Dark Waters" you will discover the world that you don't know that really exist. Watch mermaids swim in 360 Dome film around you and above you of 3100 sq. ft. I wonder if the Dark Prince ever be get rid of his curse?
To watch our beautiful India in another way that you have never seen before, here is a family ride in Adlabs Imagica named "I for India". There would be 3 levels of seats. The owner of Adlabs Imagica "Manmohan Shetty" and the team have travelled all over India and create a short film. You will be allowed to seat in a row and will show it as Incredible India. You will feel like you are actually travelling above that beautiful landscapes. This film shot from the helicopter is displayed on the screen of 90 feet wide. Go and explore the Incredible India!
Get on a log and let the water shatter all over you by the wonderful new experience of "Loch Ness Monster".
Join a crazy tea party in "Mambo Chai Chama". The ride name itself says that the tea cups would spin around in frenzy. So, swing, spin, whirl and twirl in this ride. A perfect family ride with lots of fun, excitement and adventure.
A Motion Box Theatre Ride. a 4D screen will show you a 2D or 3D film and your seats take the fourth dimension in terms of vibration, aromas, etc. Get ready for fun!
Once again Mr India is back! The famous dialogue Mogambo Khush Hua! In this, you need to help robot "Toota Phoota" and Mr India's team to fight against evil. An animated film is played on the screen. You will experience all the bumps and dips, push and shove along the journey.
Rajasaurus River Adventure Ride. Travel the world of dinosaurs through water boat adventure with twists and turns. At last, you will safely come out like a zooooooommmmm. The following picture shows you the yeahhhh experience.
Would you dare to go inside the "Salimgarh"?? Yes, Salimgarh's corridors are gloomy and filled with horror tales. Enter in this only if you are sure that you would come out safely! Enjoy this horror ride only on Adlabs Imagica.
Save the Pirate Ride. Hey, kids, these are really fun for you. You need to go on the top of the row to rescue your pirate friend who is stranded their. The one who goes first on top wins the game.
The Detective Bow Wow Show. Join the detective and try to find out a lost dino.
Wrath of the Gods! See the reaction of ancient deities through a live theatre, multimedia and super cool effects to give a mesmerising experience.
Happy Wheels is an activity that teaches children how to drive and the basic rules of real life driving. Basic rules like what signal says by its sign, watch out when obstacles appear, seat belts, accelerator, brake, etc.
Next is Humpty's Fall Ride. It is similar with "Dare 2 Drop Ride" in Thrill Rides. But, the only difference is its height is 10 metre and it rotates 360 degrees while it goes up & down.
The Magic Carousel Ride. Whether you are young or old, the carousel is the must-do ride. Kids! You can enjoy this ride with your parents too. Isn't this amazing? Everyone can enjoy The Magic Carousel Ride of Imagica Adlabs.
Tubbby is the cute baby elephant who tries to fly in the sky. Help him to do so by sitting on him. Parents! You can also enjoy this ride like an innocent kid. Sorry, I forgot to mention rides' name, it's "Tubbby Takes Off".
And, the last one for Kids' Ride is "Wagon-O-O-Wheel". It can be a nostalgic moment for Mum and Dad. Its height is 10 metres and involves 6 carts designed wonderfully.


text:
The Benefits of Chiropractic
Top 5 Chiropractic Wellness Studies
3 Chiropractic Treatments
Surprising Ways Your Chiropractor Can Help You
Sciatica Pain and How We Can Help
Sciatic Relief
8 Best Treatments For Back Pain
3 Common Reasons for Neck Pain
Biofreeze for Neck Pain
Fibromyalgia and Chiropractic
Back Pain from Work Injury
When to See a Chiropractor
Orthotics - Foot Levelers
Chiropractic: Great for Neck Pain Recovery
According to The American Academy of Pain Medicine, more Americans suffer with chronic pain than diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer combined. In addition, neck pain is the third most documented type of pain, beat out only by back pain and headaches.
As a result, a lot of people come to our Noblesville office looking for neck pain care, and Dr. Dahlager has helped many of them find relief. This is a smart choice, as some research indicates that over 90 percent of neck pain patients improve with chiropractic care.
Studies Confirm Chiropractic's Positive Effects
A study published in The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy involved 64 people who were suffering with neck problems. Roughly half were placed in an experimental group and the other half were designated to a comparison group. Both received chiropractic adjustments of the neck as well as a home exercise program, whereas the experimental group also received adjustments of the thoracic spine.
Information was collected before treatment began and one week after the adjustments. Researchers found that 94 percent of the experimental group reported "significantly greater improvements" in regard to pain and disability in their neck symptoms. Just 35% of the patients who received neck adjustments showed the same level of improvement, illustrating that thinking about the entire spinal column is an important part of restoring the body's normal function.
Yet another study posted in Physical Therapy involved 60 participants between the ages of 18 and 60 who reported suffering with neck pain. Each individual was randomly assigned to one of two groups--thoracic spine thrust manipulation or non-thrust manipulation--with follow-up exams occurring two and four days after the treatments.
The investigators found that the study participants who received the thrust manipulations (the same adjustments that provided such positive results in the first report) "experienced greater reductions in disability" than the group that received the non-thrust adjustments. Their pain was lower as well, which shows that this type of technique offers many benefits.
Chiropractic Even Offers Benefits After Failed Neck Surgery
Another study found the same type of positive results after thoracic adjustments in a woman who had a failed neck surgery. This particular case involved a 46-year-old patient who had recently had neck surgery but still reported neck pain, headaches, pain in her elbow, and muscle fatigue.
The woman reported decreased pain in her neck and reduced headache intensity, right after the first chiropractic adjustments. After six weeks of care, which involved chiropractic, exercise, and patient education, the patient still rated her pain at a zero on a scale of 1 to 10. Her neck disability reduced as well, with a rating score that represented that it was a "great deal better."
It is scientific studies like these that substantiate the advantages of chiropractic techniques, even if you've already attempted medical procedures that didn't provide relief. So, if you are suffering with neck problems and would like to find a remedy that has a high success rate, try chiropractic. It may just be the help you're looking for.
We're located in Noblesville and Dr. Dahlager can help you recover from neck pain. Give us a call today at (317) 214-7218.
AAPM facts and figures on pain. The American Academy of Pain Medicine.
Masaracchio M, Cleland JA, Hellman M, Hagins M. Short-term combined effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulation and cervical spine nonthrust manipulation in individuals with mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 2013;43(3):118-127.
Cleland JA, Glynn P, Whitman JM, Eberhart SL, MacDonald C, Childs JD. Short-term effects of thrust versus nonthrust mobilization/manipulation directed at the thoracic spine in patients with neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. Physical Therapy 2007;87(4):431-440.
Salvatori R, Rowe RH, Osborne R, Beneciuk JM. Use of thoracic spine thrust manipulation for neck pain and headache in a patient following multiple-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a case report. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 2014;44(6):440-449.
Treat Cervical Disc Herniation With Chiropractic Adjustments January 16, 2023
AMA Recommends Chiropractic Adjustments Before Surgery January 02, 2023
Chiropractic Relieves Neck Pain After Car Accidents December 19, 2022
Preferred Chiropractic Doctor
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Phosphate Remover covers a commonly overlooked area of aquarium keeping. Reduce the amount of phosphate in your aquarium and you will help inhibit the amount of Algae growth. NT Labs Phosphate Remover permanently removes phosphate locking it away and starving the Algae of its food source. A suitably sized filter media bag is included for ease of use. Simply add the required amount of media to the filter bag, rinse under the tap and add to your filter.
300g tub treats up to 500L.


At Lightning McQueen's Racing Academy, located in the flex theater near Rock 'n' Roller Coaster, you'll come face-to-face with racing legend Lightning McQueen, who is excited to showcase what he's learned over the years with you – the next generation of rookie racers. Of course, as Lightning McQueen has discovered throughout his career, things don't always go according to plan, and he has to think fast to get back on course. With friends Tow Mater, Cruz Ramirez and the gang from Radiator Springs on his side, Lightning gears up for the challenge.
That just sounds like Lights, Motors, Action which I do recall seeing Cars characters featured in that.


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WASHINGTON, DC - On August 16, the Attorney General of the United States issued a precedent-setting decision, Matter of L-A-B-R, that limits the discretion of immigration judges to grant continuances. By restricting the court's use of a vital docketing tool, the decision further erodes judicial independence and will pressure judges to deny more continuances at the expense of due process.
AILA President Anastasia Tonello responded, "With yesterday's decision, the Attorney General has tightened the vise on immigration judges even further by interfering with an important case management tool that judges use to ensure cases are resolved fairly and justly. Every day, people who are eligible for relief must come before the immigration court and request a continuance until U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is able to make a decision. People who are eligible for permanent residence based on marriage to a U.S. citizen, or for protection as cooperating victims of a serious crime, may be deported unjustly if the judge is blocked from granting them a continuance. Justice cannot be dispensed on an assembly line, but Matter of L-A-B-R- seeks to do just that by pressuring judges to deny continuances and move cases rapidly through the system without due regard for potential relief."
AILA Executive Director Benjamin Johnson stated, "While playing the role of both prosecutor and judge, the Attorney General continues to perpetuate the false narrative that immigrants are to blame for the long-standing inefficiencies that plague the immigration court system while rewriting our nation's immigration laws. This decision is especially troubling because it will penalize people for something they simply cannot control: the notoriously lengthy USCIS processing times. Matter of L-A-B-R- is yet another reason why Congress must pass legislation establishing the immigration court as an Article I court separate from the Justice Department. Until Congress acts, the Attorney General will continue to encroach upon the independence of the courts, forcing judges to order people removed without a fair process. Congress must stop the administration from turning immigration courts into yet another enforcement agency."
Cite as AILA Doc. No. 18081736.


text:
Delete Resource - Psychological Apparatus, Electronic Stimulating and Recording Unit
Restore Archived - Psychological Apparatus, Electronic Stimulating and Recording Unit
Psychological Apparatus, Electronic Stimulating and Recording Unit
Psychological Apparatus
metal (overall material)
rubber (overall material)
plastic (overall material)
glass (overall material)
overall: 133 cm x 122 cm x 63 cm; 52 3/8 in x 48 1/32 in x 24 13/16 in
This metal frame holds several electronic units. On the right side, in a single cabinet, are five groups of dials and switches, each with its own white plastic panel in front. These five groups are labeled, from top to bottom: Timer, Strobe, Sweep, Delayers and Stimulators. On the left side in an upper cabinet there is some empty space and then groups of dials and switches on white plastic panels labeled Integrator Serial No. 6119, Integrator Control Panel, Display Selector and Differentiator Serial No. 5710, and Speaker Amplifier Serial No. 5812. The speaker amplifier panel includes a gauge made by British Physical Laboratory. The back of the cabinet holding these units has several diagrams drawn on it. Attached to the top of this cabinet toward the front is a connecting unit which has eighteen jacks for electrical connections, six each red, black and white. Below these left panels is a larger panel with additional switches and dials which has its own cabinet.
A tag near on the third unit down on the right reads: Electronic Stimulating and Recording Unit (/) Designed and Constructed [/] in the [/] Otago Medical School (/) New Zealand (/) 1951. A metal tag at the top reads: THE AUSTRALIAN {/} NATIONAL UNIVERSITY [/] NO. A crayon mark below this reads: ELECTRONIC STIMULATING & RECORDING UNIT w / POWER SUPPLIES. Several units are marked: SUNY.
This object reflects the long research career of Sir John C. Eccles (1903-1997), an Australian-born neurophysiologist who trained at Melbourne University in Australia and then did advanced work at Oxford University with Charles S. Sherrington. In 1937, he returned to Australia, and then moved to New Zealand in 1944. As the tag indicates, at least part of this apparatus was built near the end of his stay there. In 1952, Eccles moved to the Australian University in Canberra. University policies required that he retire in 1966, and he moved to the United States, working first in Chicago and then at the State University of New York at Buffalo. In 1975, Eccles retired from Buffalo to Geneva, Switzerland, leaving behind papers and this unit. The object came to the Smithsonian in 1981.
During his time in New Zealand, Eccles developed apparatus for studying neural transmission and became convinced that transmission from nerve cell to nerve cell or nerve cell to muscle cell occurred through a chemical reaction and not strictly by an electrical mechanism. This is part of the apparatus he used in such studies. In 1963, he would share the Nobel Prize for physiology or Medicine for this wok. The other winners were Britons Alan L. Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley, who worked together at Cambridge University. Eccles took the stimulating and recording unit with him when he moved to Australia and then to the United States.
Accession file.
D. George Joseph, "John C. Eccles," Notable Twentieth-Century Scientists, Emily J. McMurray, editor; Jane Kelly Kosek and Roger M. Valade III, associate editors, Detroit: Gale Research, 1995, vol. 1, pp. 542-544.
Martin Weil, "Sir John Eccles, 94, Dies; Nobel-Winning Scientist," Washington Post, May 3, 1997, p. B4.
Currently not on view
Medicine and Science: Mathematics Psychology
Credit Line : Gift of State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine
Record Id : nmah_694719
ID Number : 1981.0186.01 accession number : 1981.0186 catalog number : 1981.0186.01


The Transborder Centre on Tourism and Mountain Economies (TEM) envisages university training, continuing education and applied academic research with particular attention to: a) the role of the territory and its institutions for the creation and strengthening of short and long networks; b) the skills and environmental factors that allow the birth, growth and internationalization of companies to achieve and maintain competitive advantages.In addition to research and disseminating knowledge activities, the Centre will offer services to public and private institutions of the cross-border territory.
The event, organised by the Transborder centre on Tourism and Mountain Economies (TEM), is inserted in the FIMM – Festival International des Metiers de Montagne.
The event, organised by the Transborder centre on Tourism and Mountain Economies (TEM) with TSMI (labex ITEM) and CDPPOC programm, aims at discussing the consequences of the development of ski touring in and out of resorts thanks to the intervention of various actors: researchers, lawyers, professionals of the sector, public services etc.
The event, organised by the Transborder centre on Tourism and Mountain Economies (TEM), aims at gathering together scientists coming from different fields such as economics, marketing, business administration, and law.
The event, organised by the Transborder centre on Tourism and Mountain Economies (TEM), is intended for Ph.D. students and young researchers interested in the field.
A cycle seminars, intended for university students and the local community, is held from 13.30 to 14.30 at the UniVDA and broadcast by videoconference at the Savoie Mont Blanc University.
The poster of the initiative is available on the Lunch Seminar event page.


A drawing of a usual modern desktop computer.
A computer is a machine that is able to accept data as input, process that data using programs, and output the processed data. Many computers can also store and retrieve information using hard drives. Computers can also be connected together to form networks, allowing the connected computers to communicate with each other.
Calculating machines are old in the history of technology. Early examples are the astrolabe and the abacus. Today a computer is a programmable machine. The two principal characteristics of a computer are: It responds to a specific instruction set in a well-defined manner and it can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). There are four main processing steps in a computer: inputting, storage, outputting and processing.
Modern computers are very different from early computers. They can do billions of calculations per second. Most people have used a personal computer in their home or at work. Computers do many different jobs where automation is useful. Some examples are controlling traffic lights, vehicle computers, security systems, washing machines and digital televisions.
Humans control computers with user interfaces. Input devices include keyboards, computer mice, buttons, and touch screens. Some computers can also be controlled with voice commands, hand gestures or even brain signals through electrodes implanted in the brain or along nerves.
Computers can be designed to do almost anything with information. Computers are used to control large and small machines which in the past were controlled by humans. They are also in homes, where they are used for things such as listening to music, reading the news and writing.
Modern computers are electronic computer hardware. They do mathematical arithmetic very quickly but computers do not really "think". They only follow the instructions in their software programs. The software uses the hardware when the user gives it instructions, and gives useful output.
Computer programs are designed or written by computer programmers. A few programmers write programs in the computer's own language called machine code. Most programs are written using a programming language like C++, Java, and Fortran. These programming languages are more like the language with which one talks and writes every day. The compiler translates the user's instructions into binary code (machine code) that the computer will understand and do what is needed.
The Jacquard loom was one of the first programmable devices.
Most humans have a problem with math. To show this, try doing 584 × 3,220 in your head. It is hard to remember all the steps! People made tools to help them remember where they were in a math problem. The other problem people have is that they have to do the same problem over and over and over again. A cashier had to make change every day in her head or with a piece of paper. That took a lot of time and made mistakes. So, people made calculators that did those same things over and over. This part of computer history is called the "history of automated calculation," which is a fancy phrase for "the history of machines that make it easy for me to do this same math problem over and over without making mistakes."
The abacus, the slide rule, the astrolabe and the Antikythera mechanism (which dates from about 150-100 BC) are examples of automated calculation machines.
People do not want a machine that would do the same thing over and over again. For example, a music box is a machine that plays the same music over and over again. Some people wanted to be able to tell their machine to do different things. For example, they wanted to tell the music box to play different music every time. They wanted to be able to program the music box- to order the music box to play different music. This part of computer history is called the "history of programmable machines" which is a fancy phrase for "The history of machines that I can order to do different things if I know how to speak their language."
One of the first examples of this was built by Hero of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD). He built a mechanical theater which performed a play lasting 10 minutes and was operated by a complex system of ropes and drums. These ropes and drums were the language of the machine- they told what the machine did and when. Some people argue that this is the first programmable machine.
Historians disagree on which early machines are "computers". Many say the "castle clock", an astronomical clock invented by Al-Jazari in 1206, is the first known programmable analog computer. The length of day and night could be adjusted every day in order to account for the changing lengths of day and night throughout the year. Some count this daily adjustment as computer programming.
Others say the first computer was made by Charles Babbage. Ada Lovelace is considered to be the first programmer.
At the end of the Middle Ages, people started thinking math and engineering were more important. In 1623, Wilhelm Schickard made a mechanical calculator. Other Europeans made more calculators after him. They were not modern computers because they could only add, subtract, and multiply- you could not change what they did to make them do something like play Tetris. Because of this, we say they were not programmable. Now engineers use computers to design and plan.
In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard used punched paper cards to tell his textile loom what kind of pattern to weave. He could use punch cards to tell the loom what to do, and he could change the punch cards, which means he could program the loom to weave the pattern he wanted. This means the loom was programmable.
Charles Babbage wanted to make a similar machine that could calculate. He called it "The Analytical Engine". Because Babbage did not have enough money and always changed his design when he had a better idea, he never built his Analytical Engine.
As time went on, computers were used more. People get bored easily doing the same thing over and over. Imagine spending your life writing things down on index cards, storing them, and then having to go find them again. The U.S. Census Bureau in 1890 had hundreds of people doing just that. It was expensive, and reports took a long time. Then an engineer worked out how to make machines do a lot of the work. Herman Hollerith invented a tabulating machine that would automatically add up information that the Census bureau collected. The Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation (which later became IBM) made his machines. They leased the machines instead of selling them. Makers of machines had long helped their users understand and repair them, and CTR's tech support was especially good.
Because of machines like this, new ways of talking to these machines were invented, and new types of machines were invented, and eventually the computer as we know it was born.
In the first half of the 20th century, scientists started using computers, mostly because scientists had a lot of math to figure out and wanted to spend more of their time thinking about science questions instead of spending hours adding numbers together. For example, if they had to launch a rocket ship, they needed to do a lot of math to make sure the rocket worked right. So they put together computers. These analog computers used analog circuits, which made them very hard to program. In the 1930s, they invented digital computers, and soon made them easier to program. However this is not the case as many consecutive attempts have been made to bring arithmetic logic to l3.Analogue computers are mechanical or electronic devices which solve problems. some are used to control machines.
EDSAC was one of the first computers that remembered what you told it even after you turned the power off. This is called (von Neumann) architecture.
Konrad Zuse's electromechanical "Z machines". The Z3 (1941) was the first working machine that used binary arithmetic. Binary arithmetic means using "Yes" and "No." to add numbers together. You could also program it. In 1998 the Z3 was proved to be Turing complete. Turing complete means that it is possible to tell this particular computer anything that it is mathematically possible to tell a computer. It is the world's first modern computer.
The non-programmable Atanasoff–Berry Computer (1941) which used vacuum tubes to store "yes" and "no" answers, and regenerative capacitor memory.
The Harvard Mark I (1944), A big computer that you could kind of program.
The U.S. Army's Ballistics Research Laboratory ENIAC (1946), which could add numbers the way people do (using the numbers 0 through 9) and is sometimes called the first general purpose electronic computer (since Konrad Zuse's Z3 of 1941 used electromagnets instead of electronics). At first, however, the only way to reprogram ENIAC was by rewiring it.
Several developers of ENIAC saw its problems. They invented a way to for a computer to remember what they had told it, and a way to change what it remembered. This is known as "stored program architecture" or von Neumann architecture. John von Neumann talked about this design in the paper First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, distributed in 1945. A number of projects to develop computers based on the stored-program architecture started around this time. The first of these was completed in Great Britain. The first to be demonstrated working was the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM or "Baby"), while the EDSAC, completed a year after SSEM, was the first really useful computer that used the stored program design. Shortly afterwards, the machine originally described by von Neumann's paper—EDVAC—was completed but was not ready for two years.
Nearly all modern computers use the stored-program architecture. It has become the main concept which defines a modern computer. The technologies used to build computers have changed since the 1940s, but many current computers still use the von-Neumann architecture.
Microprocessors are miniaturized devices that often implement stored program CPUs.
In the 1950s computers were built out of mostly vacuum tubes. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the 1960s because they were smaller and cheaper. They also need less power and do not break down as much as vacuum tubes. In the 1970s, technologies were based on integrated circuits. Microprocessors, such as the Intel 4004 made computers smaller, cheaper, faster and more reliable. By the 1980s, microcontrollers became small and cheap enough to replace mechanical controls in things like washing machines. The 1980s also saw home computers and personal computers. With the evolution of the Internet, personal computers are becoming as common as the television and the telephone in the household.
A "desktop computer" is a small machine that has a screen (which is not part of the computer). Most people keep them on top of a desk, which is why they are called "desktop computers." "Laptop computers" are computers small enough to fit on your lap. This makes them easy to carry around. Both laptops and desktops are called personal computers, because one person at a time uses them for things like playing music, surfing the web, or playing video games.
There are bigger computers that many people at a time can use. These are called "Mainframes," and these computers do all the things that make things like the internet work. You can think of a personal computer like this: the personal computer is like your skin: you can see it, other people can see it, and through your skin you feel wind, water, air, and the rest of the world. A mainframe is more like your internal organs: you never see them, and you barely even think about them, but if they suddenly went missing, you would have some very big problems.
An embedded computer, also called embedded system is a computer that does one thing and one thing only, and usually does it very well. For example, an alarm clock is an embedded computer: it tells the time. Unlike your personal computer, you cannot use your clock to play Tetris. Because of this, we say that embedded computers cannot be programmed, because you cannot install more programs on your clock. Some mobile phones, automatic teller machines, microwave ovens, CD players and cars are operated by embedded computers.
All-in-one computers are desktop computers that have all of the computer's inner mechanisms in the same case as the monitor. Apple has made several popular examples of all-in-one computers, such as the original Macintosh of the mid-1980s and the iMac of the late 1990s and 2000s.
Computers store data and the instructions as numbers, because computers can do things with numbers very quickly. These data are stored as binary symbols (1s and 0s). A 1 or a 0 symbol stored by a computer is called a bit, which comes from the words binary digit. Computers can use many bits together to represent instructions and the data that these instructions use. A list of instructions is called a program and is stored on the computer's hard disk. Computers work through the program by using a central processing unit, and they use fast memory called RAM as a space to store the instructions and data while they are doing this. When the computer wants to store the results of the program for later, it uses the hard disk because things stored on a hard disk can still be remembered after the computer is turned off.
An operating system tells the computer how to understand what jobs it has to do, how to do these jobs, and how to tell people the results. Millions of computers may be using the same operating system, while each computer can have its own application programs to do what its user needs. Using the same operating systems makes it easy to learn how to use computers for new things. A user who needs to use a computer for something different, can learn how to use a new application program. Some operating systems can have simple command lines or a fully user-frendly GUI.
One of the most important jobs that computers do for people is helping with communication. Communication is how people share information. Computers have helped people move forward in science, medicine, business, and learning, because they let experts from anywhere in the world work with each other and share information. They also let other people communicate with each other, do their jobs almost anywhere, learn about almost anything, or share their opinions with each other. The Internet is the thing that lets people communicate between their computers.
A computer is now almost always an electronic device. It usually contains materials that will become electronic waste when discarded. When a new computer is bought in some places, laws require that the cost of its waste management must also be paid for. This is called product stewardship.
Computers can become obsolete quickly, depending on what programs the user runs. Very often, they are thrown away within two or three years, because some newer programs require a more powerful computer. This makes the problem worse, so computer recycling happens a lot. Many projects try to send working computers to developing nations so they can be re-used and will not become waste as quickly, as most people do not need to run new programs. Some computer parts, such as hard drives, can break easily. When these parts end up in the landfill, they can put poisonous chemicals like lead into the ground water. Hard drives can also contain secret information like credit card numbers. If the hard drive is not erased before being thrown away, an identity thief can get the information from the hard drive, even if the drive doesn't work, and use it to steal money from the previous owner's bank account.
Computers come in different forms, but most of them have a common design.
All computers have a CPU.
All computers have some kind of data bus which lets them get inputs or output things to the environment.
All computers have some form of memory. These are usually chips (integrated circuits) which can hold information.
Many computers have some kind of sensors, which lets them get input from their environment.
Many computers have some kind of display device, which lets them show output. They may also have other peripheral devices connected.
A computer has several main parts. When comparing a computer to a human body, the CPU is like a brain. It does most of the 'thinking' and tells the rest of the computer how to work. The CPU is on the Motherboard, which is like the skeleton. It provides the basis for where the other parts go, and carries the nerves that connect them to each other and the CPU. The motherboard is connected to a power supply, which provides electricity to the entire computer. The various drives (CD drive, floppy drive, and on many newer computers, USB flash drive) act like eyes, ears, and fingers, and allow the computer to read different types of storage, in the same way that a human can read different types of books. The hard drive is like a human's memory, and keeps track of all the data stored on the computer. Most computers have a sound card or another method of making sound, which is like vocal cords, or a voice box. Connected to the sound card are speakers, which are like a mouth, and are where the sound comes out. Computers might also have a graphics card, which helps the computer to create visual effects, such as 3D environments, or more realistic colors, and more powerful graphics cards can make more realistic or more advanced images, in the same way a well trained artist can.
↑ "Heron of Alexandria". Retrieved 2008-01-15.
↑ Fuegi & Francis 2003, pp. 16–26.
↑ Phillips, Ana Lena (November–December 2011). "Crowdsourcing gender equity: Ada lovelace day, and its companion website, aims to raise the profile of women in science and technology". American Scientist 99 (6): 463.
↑ "Ada Lovelace honoured by Google doodle", The Guardian, 2012 Dec 10, retrieved 10 December 2012 Check date values in: |date= (help).
↑ Don't confuse the Analytical Engine with Babbage's difference engine which was a non-programmable mechanical calculator.
a Kempf, Kar (1961). "Historical Monograph: Electronic Computers Within the Ordnance Corps". Aberdeen Proving Ground (United States Army).
a Phillips, Tony (2000). "The Antikythera Mechanism I". American Mathematical Society. Retrieved 2006-04-05.
a Shannon, Claude Elwood (1940). "A symbolic analysis of relay and switching circuits". Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
a Digital Equipment Corporation (1972). PDP-11/40 Processor Handbook (PDF). Maynard, MA: Digital Equipment Corporation.
a Verma, G.; Mielke, N. (1988). "Reliability performance of ETOX based flash memories". IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium.
a Meuer, Hans (2006-11-13). "Architectures Share Over Time". Strohmaier, Erich; Simon, Horst; Dongarra, Jack. TOP500. Retrieved 2006-11-27.
Stokes, Jon (2007). Inside the Machine: An Illustrated Introduction to Microprocessors and Computer Architecture. San Francisco: No Starch Press. ISBN 978-1-59327-104-6.
This page was last changed on 2 April 2019, at 12:57.


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Jeffrey Epstein 'abused girls' in US Virgin Islands – lawsuit
January 16, 2020 Gabriel NEWS 0
Financier Jeffrey Epstein sexually abused girls as young as 12 on his private islands, the US Virgin Islands prosecutor has claimed.
Epstein, who died in prison in August 2019 while awaiting trial for abuse dating back to 2005, is alleged to have trafficked girls as recently as 2018.
The lawsuit against his estate says the girls were "lured and recruited" to his Caribbean home and forced into sex.
This is the first lawsuit filed against Epstein in the US Virgin Islands.
The suit seeks to seize part of his $577m (£442m) fortune and his two private islands, Little Saint James and Great Saint James.
The two islands are estimated to be worth $86m.irgin Islands at Little Saint James as a way to be able to conceal and to be able to expand his activity here," US Virgin Islands prosecutor Denise N George says in the suit.
"Epstein and his associated trafficked underage girls to the Virgin Islands, held them captive, and sexually abused them, causing them grave physical, mental and emotional injury."
As recently as July 2017, Epstein refused to allow an official to enter his Little Saint James island for routine monitoring of the registered sex offender, the lawsuit claims.
He is also accused of using fake visas to traffic women and girls, several of them aspiring models, in and out of the island territory and using a computerised database in order to track his victims' movements on his island.
In one incident, the suit claims that a 15-year-old girl attempted to swim away from Epstein's island after she was forced to engage in sex acts with Epstein and others.
In that case, she was captured and had her passport confiscated by Epstein, the suit claims.
Epstein's legal permanent residence was registered to the Virgin Islands. In the days before his suicide in jail, he filed an updated version of his will to the US island territory.
Adamawa Bans Visitors From Girls Schools
Magnitude-6.1 Quake Shakes Southern Japan Islands
School Locks Up Girls Over Fees Delay


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Q: Unity Failed to Re-package Resources Error I am getting an error when i try to build my game for android. The error is :

CommandInvokationFailure: Failed to re-package resources. See the Console for details.
  C:\Users\halil.cosgun\Desktop\ADTBundle\adt_bundle\sdk\build-tools\21.1.1\aapt.exe package --auto-add-overlay -v -f -m -J gen -M AndroidManifest.xml -S "res" -I "C:/Users/halil.cosgun/Desktop/ADTBundle/adt_bundle/sdk\platforms\android-21\android.jar" -F bin/resources.ap_ --extra-packages com.fusepowered.unitytest:com.google.android.gms:com.unity3d.player:com.google.android.gms -S "C:\Users\halil.cosgun\Desktop\Projects\AmbulanceFirstDeneme\Temp\StagingArea\android-libraries\FuseSDK\res" -S "C:\Users\halil.cosgun\Desktop\Projects\AmbulanceFirstDeneme\Temp\StagingArea\android-libraries\google-play-services_lib\res" -S "C:\Users\halil.cosgun\Desktop\Projects\AmbulanceFirstDeneme\Temp\StagingArea\android-libraries\play-services-base-6.5.87\res"

If I delete the play_game_services_libs folder (play_game_services.jar is in there), the build is successful. But, PlayGamesPlatform.Activate() code is not work. If I delete the FuseSDK, the build is successful. I know there is a conflict between this two plugins, but I didn't figure it out how I fix this problem.
Please help me.
Sincerely.
These are the screenshots my project folder :

A: Actually I didn't know how I can solve this problem at first. I tried so many ways to solve this error. First of all, I updated my JDK to latest version.(jdk1.8.0.65 - 64bit) - Then I deleted play_game_services_6.5.8.7 and AndroidSupportV4 which is in Plugins/Android/ folder. After that I added FuseSDK prefab to main scene of my project. Finally I hit Build and Run.
Before:

After:

Have a nice day! :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Apple warns President Trump about potential ramifications WeChat ban
Thursday, August 13, 2020 10:09 am 15 Comments
Apple is among more than a dozen U.S. companies which during a conference call on Tuesday warned the Trump administration about the potential ramifications of banning WeChat from their platforms.
WeChat on iPhone
John D. McKinnon and Lingling Wei for The Wall Street Journal:
U.S. companies whose fortunes are linked to China are pushing back against the Trump administration's plans to restrict business transactions involving the WeChat app from Tencent, saying it could undermine their competitiveness in the world's second-biggest economy.
More than a dozen major U.S. multinational companies raised concerns in a call with White House officials Tuesday about the potentially broad scope and impact of Mr. Trump's executive order targeting WeChat, set to take effect late next month.
"For those who don't live in China, they don't understand how vast the implications are if American companies aren't allowed to use it," said Craig Allen, president of the U.S.-China Business Council. "They are going to be held at a severe disadvantage to every competitor," he added.
Trump wants to ban apps and services that are based in China, which is the case of ByteDance's TikTok and Tencent's WeChat. He signed an executive order on Thursday that bans not only these two apps in the US, but also any transactions with its parent companies […] Both orders will take effect in 45 days.
MacDailyNews Take: Trump's executive order banning WeChat (and TikTok) goes into effect on September 20th, but there are many outstanding questions and a lot could happen before we start worrying about iPhone sales in China.
Wall Street edges up as weekly U.S. jobless claims drop; Apple eyes $2 trillion market cap
Apple preps 'Apple One' subscription bundles
Thursday, August 13, 2020 at 10:38 am
"Apple warns President Trump…"
That's cute.
Danox
Trumpet fired in less than 12 weeks…..That's cute
Joe Blow 2020! Stupidity, corruption, racism, senility and BJs for all!!!!!!!!!!
Only a fucking idiot would vote for the dementia patient!!
Danox,
How stupid do you need to be to believe the same poles that predicted Hilderbeast would win????
You have to be bright enough to understand the Polish language.
Bill McFadden
When the facts are not in someone's side they switch to personal attacks. Trump is performing better in the polls than in 2016. Logically, probably 320 electoral votes. His base is stronger and his opponent less popular than Hillary.
China is untrustworthy!. It's tactic slow and hidden, America must always be vigilant. The biological warfare of Coronavirus-19 is just beginning, Covid-20, Covid-21?. China wants to be the world domination, it'd do whatever it takes to reach its goals by 2025. It's not capable to attack the US by bombs and war jets. India banned Tiktok and WeChat and other 57 apps back in June without hesitated, America would be able to do that, too. We must fight China now before it's too late.
So much intelligence and spys and still not able to detect the pandemic of this scale? then what is the purpose of these spys? finally the incompetent will have to put blame somewhere – I dont care even if they are bad but it feels cheap to blame everything on someone just to get a sound sleep.
So Apple doesn't it like it when you ban an app. Now they can understand how some developers feel.
This isn't about banning an app. It's about making it effectively impossible for any American individual or company to do business in, or even visit, China. You literally cannot eat in China without WeChat. Most stores and food vendors do not accept cash or credit cards. The Executive Order prohibits Americans from using the only form of payment that they will accept.
It prohibits Americans from using the only form of messaging or email that most Chinese use. That cuts off American citizens of Chinese descent from their families overseas. It makes Apple products effectively useless in China, making them unsalable.
It is a big, big deal.
JokeIsOnYou
"You literally cannot eat in China without WeChat."
And why is that the case ? why is WeChat the only game in town? Why is a social app tied to your ability to buy food.
Because the CCP bands all other foreign apps it can not control. Its easy to regulate and enslave your population if you create a social credit score where you tie speech to purchasing power.
Just look at Hong Kong and Taiwan where WeChat is a distant 4th place in app usage. Given a choice mainland China would not ne dependent on weChat. The number one app is CCP china is a secure VPN.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/412500/hk-social-network-penetration/
https://appfigures.com/top-apps/ios-app-store/taiwan/iphone/social-networking
https://appfigures.com/top-apps/ios-app-store/hong-kong/iphone/social-networking
Facts hurt your narrative so bad.
"The Executive Order prohibits Americans from using the only form of payment that they will accept."
Wrong again Bro. The Executive Order Prohibits the CCP controlled Apps from biometric harvesting data from USA citizens, where in the usa are mostly under 18 years old. Its the CCP that prohibits its citizens from having freedom to use other platforms. If the CCP can't control an App then it is banded. Good for India, USA, South Korea, Japan and others enforcing on the CCP the same rules they enforce on their own citizens.
Your mind is either low resolution or you are a defender of the CCP. Its shameful you try to accuse the USA for doing what you willfully accept behind the (not so) great firewall.
GoeB
Friday, August 14, 2020 at 6:39 pm
Apple has NO problem banning Apps in China when the Communist Masters Director them and the don't make a peep.
On the flip side of that coin in the freedom loving USA they bitch because they can…
John Dingler, LA artist
From a Capitalist perspective, Trump's MO is unconventional. I think that his call to bring Apple manufacturing, and manufacturing in general, back into the US is "to make America great again, not in terms of just and fair governance, but in terms of that McConnell deplores as isolationism which is anti-globalization. Sounds to me like Trump's plan to ban the essential app fits comfortably within the wider plan to return the US to its manufacturing might achieved during and immediately post-WWII.
George Washington could not find a dress suit manufactured in the colonies for his inaugural. The oppressive Brits forced them to send its cotton and wool to GB where its industry would feed its proud and mighty cloth manufacturing industries. It then shipped the suits back to the US. GW deplored this so he told Hamilton to fix this market disparity which he did. He found a rare manufacturer in Delaware to make him an America suit and this put the colonies on a road to predatory Capitalism and international colonialism which weakened GB.
But Right-winger Reagan first began to sell US manufacturing technology to China. Nixon amplified this. And all subsequent presidents, Rightwingers and Left-wingers followed along because corporations and hedge funds kicked back a percentage of their profits from sales to China back to legislative reelection campaigns. In turn, corporations wrote more laws to make this cycle stronger. So now this is the normal cycle. Everything seems to be made in China. Like GB in the past, China adopted Hamilton's suggestions and has become, as a result, a corporate behemoth that leveraged Capitalist market forces to dominate nearly the entire world economically.
Like George Washington, Donald deplores that he has a hard time getting stuff manufactured in the US. Banning the app could be one step in Trump's anti-globalization effort so that he can buy as many suits as he wants made in the US and at the same time take back some of China's market dominance.
So Trump is a kind of anti-Wall Streeter which seems good for now.
thank you John Dingler for a cogent and useful comment. I can hardly believe that, for once, I can agree with you and I learned something too. I doubt that Reagan benefitted from China trade but you're correct that virtually all presidents until Trump went along with the notion that someday China would become a fair and responsible world citizen. What a misjudgment on the part of Kissinger and Nixon, but they tried to tame the tiger and it has failed.
Hitler could have been stopped in the early stages of his career and the destruction of Europe and countless deaths could have been avoided; but the resolve to crush him wasn't there because he hadn't yet revealed how far the planned devastation would grind the world into global war. China can be put back into the state they were in 40 years ago if it is done to them economically. In short, the USA will stop buying their production and consequently their military threat will be diminished to a less frightful level. Perhaps some day the Chinese people can break free of the CCP and they and Hong Kong can exercise a level of personal and political freedom they would have had if Chairman Mao hadn't exterminated the intelligentsia and those who didn't agree with his murderous plans. 60,000,000 at least dead, and still adding to that total.
Tags: Bytedance, CCP, Chinese Communist Party, executive order, IEEPA), International Emergency Economic Powers Act, National Emergencies Act, President Trump, Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain, Tencent, U.S.-China Business Council