text:
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <scsi/iscsi_proto.h>
#include <target/target_core_base.h>
#include <target/target_core_fabric.h>
#include <target/iscsi/iscsi_transport.h>

#include "iscsi_target_core.h"
#include "iscsi_target_parameters.h"
#include "iscsi_target_login.h"
#include "iscsi_target_nego.h"
#include "iscsi_target_tpg.h"
#include "iscsi_target_util.h"
#include "iscsi_target.h"
#include "iscsi_target_auth.h"

#define MAX_LOGIN_PDUS  7
#define TEXT_LEN	4096

void convert_null_to_semi(char *buf, int len)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
		if (buf[i] == '\0')
			buf[i] = ';';
}

static int strlen_semi(char *buf)
{
	int i = 0;

	while (buf[i] != '\0') {
		if (buf[i] == ';')
			return i;
		i++;
	}

	return -1;
}

int extract_param(
	const char *in_buf,
	const char *pattern,
	unsigned int max_length,
	char *out_buf,
	unsigned char *type)
{
	char *ptr;
	int len;

	if (!in_buf || !pattern || !out_buf || !type)
		return -1;

	ptr = strstr(in_buf, pattern);
	if (!ptr)
		return -1;

	ptr = strstr(ptr, "=");
	if (!ptr)
		return -1;

	ptr += 1;
	if (*ptr == '0' && (*(ptr+1) == 'x' || *(ptr+1) == 'X')) {
		ptr += 2; /* skip 0x */
		*type = HEX;
	} else
		*type = DECIMAL;

	len = strlen_semi(ptr);
	if (len < 0)
		return -1;

	if (len > max_length) {
		pr_err("Length of input: %d exceeds max_length:"
			" %d\n", len, max_length);
		return -1;
	}
	memcpy(out_buf, ptr, len);
	out_buf[len] = '\0';

	return 0;
}

static u32 iscsi_handle_authentication(
	struct iscsi_conn *conn,
	char *in_buf,
	char *out_buf,
	int in_length,
	int *out_length,
	unsigned char *authtype)
{
	struct iscsi_session *sess = conn->sess;
	struct iscsi_node_auth *auth;
	struct iscsi_node_acl *iscsi_nacl;
	struct se_node_acl *se_nacl;

	if (!sess->sess_ops->SessionType) {
		/*
		 * For SessionType=Normal
		 */
		se_nacl = conn->sess->se_sess->se_node_acl;
		if (!se_nacl) {
			pr_err("Unable to locate struct se_node_acl for"
					" CHAP auth\n");
			return -1;
		}
		iscsi_nacl = container_of(se_nacl, struct iscsi_node_acl,
				se_node_acl);
		if (!iscsi_nacl) {
			pr_err("Unable to locate struct iscsi_node_acl for"
					" CHAP auth\n");
			return -1;
		}

		auth = ISCSI_NODE_AUTH(iscsi_nacl);
	} else {
		/*
		 * For SessionType=Discovery
		 */
		auth = &iscsit_global->discovery_acl.node_auth;
	}

	if (strstr("CHAP", authtype))
		strcpy(conn->sess->auth_type, "CHAP");
	else
		strcpy(conn->sess->auth_type, NONE);

	if (strstr("None", authtype))
		return 1;
#ifdef CANSRP
	else if (strstr("SRP", authtype))
		return srp_main_loop(conn, auth, in_buf, out_buf,
				&in_length, out_length);
#endif
	else if (strstr("CHAP", authtype))
		return chap_main_loop(conn, auth, in_buf, out_buf,
				&in_length, out_length);
	else if (strstr("SPKM1", authtype))
		return 2;
	else if (strstr("SPKM2", authtype))
		return 2;
	else if (strstr("KRB5", authtype))
		return 2;
	else
		return 2;
}

static void iscsi_remove_failed_auth_entry(struct iscsi_conn *conn)
{
	kfree(conn->auth_protocol);
}

int iscsi_target_check_login_request(
	struct iscsi_conn *conn,
	struct iscsi_login *login)
{
	int req_csg, req_nsg;
	u32 payload_length;
	struct iscsi_login_req *login_req;

	login_req = (struct iscsi_login_req *) login->req;
	payload_length = ntoh24(login_req->dlength);

	switch (login_req->opcode & ISCSI_OPCODE_MASK) {
	case ISCSI_OP_LOGIN:
		break;
	default:
		pr_err("Received unknown opcode 0x%02x.\n",
				login_req->opcode & ISCSI_OPCODE_MASK);
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR);
		return -1;
	}

	if ((login_req->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_CONTINUE) &&
	    (login_req->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT)) {
		pr_err("Login request has both ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_CONTINUE"
			" and ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT set, protocol error.\n");
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR);
		return -1;
	}

	req_csg = ISCSI_LOGIN_CURRENT_STAGE(login_req->flags);
	req_nsg = ISCSI_LOGIN_NEXT_STAGE(login_req->flags);

	if (req_csg != login->current_stage) {
		pr_err("Initiator unexpectedly changed login stage"
			" from %d to %d, login failed.\n", login->current_stage,
			req_csg);
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR);
		return -1;
	}

	if ((req_nsg == 2) || (req_csg >= 2) ||
	   ((login_req->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT) &&
	    (req_nsg <= req_csg))) {
		pr_err("Illegal login_req->flags Combination, CSG: %d,"
			" NSG: %d, ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT: %d.\n", req_csg,
			req_nsg, (login_req->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT));
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR);
		return -1;
	}

	if ((login_req->max_version != login->version_max) ||
	    (login_req->min_version != login->version_min)) {
		pr_err("Login request changed Version Max/Nin"
			" unexpectedly to 0x%02x/0x%02x, protocol error\n",
			login_req->max_version, login_req->min_version);
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR);
		return -1;
	}

	if (memcmp(login_req->isid, login->isid, 6) != 0) {
		pr_err("Login request changed ISID unexpectedly,"
				" protocol error.\n");
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR);
		return -1;
	}

	if (login_req->itt != login->init_task_tag) {
		pr_err("Login request changed ITT unexpectedly to"
			" 0x%08x, protocol error.\n", login_req->itt);
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR);
		return -1;
	}

	if (payload_length > MAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS) {
		pr_err("Login request payload exceeds default"
			" MaxRecvDataSegmentLength: %u, protocol error.\n",
				MAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS);
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int iscsi_target_check_first_request(
	struct iscsi_conn *conn,
	struct iscsi_login *login)
{
	struct iscsi_param *param = NULL;
	struct se_node_acl *se_nacl;

	login->first_request = 0;

	list_for_each_entry(param, &conn->param_list->param_list, p_list) {
		if (!strncmp(param->name, SESSIONTYPE, 11)) {
			if (!IS_PSTATE_ACCEPTOR(param)) {
				pr_err("SessionType key not received"
					" in first login request.\n");
				iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
					ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_MISSING_FIELDS);
				return -1;
			}
			if (!strncmp(param->value, DISCOVERY, 9))
				return 0;
		}

		if (!strncmp(param->name, INITIATORNAME, 13)) {
			if (!IS_PSTATE_ACCEPTOR(param)) {
				if (!login->leading_connection)
					continue;

				pr_err("InitiatorName key not received"
					" in first login request.\n");
				iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
					ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_MISSING_FIELDS);
				return -1;
			}

			/*
			 * For non-leading connections, double check that the
			 * received InitiatorName matches the existing session's
			 * struct iscsi_node_acl.
			 */
			if (!login->leading_connection) {
				se_nacl = conn->sess->se_sess->se_node_acl;
				if (!se_nacl) {
					pr_err("Unable to locate"
						" struct se_node_acl\n");
					iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn,
							ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
							ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_TGT_NOT_FOUND);
					return -1;
				}

				if (strcmp(param->value,
						se_nacl->initiatorname)) {
					pr_err("Incorrect"
						" InitiatorName: %s for this"
						" iSCSI Initiator Node.\n",
						param->value);
					iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn,
							ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
							ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_TGT_NOT_FOUND);
					return -1;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static int iscsi_target_do_tx_login_io(struct iscsi_conn *conn, struct iscsi_login *login)
{
	u32 padding = 0;
	struct iscsi_session *sess = conn->sess;
	struct iscsi_login_rsp *login_rsp;

	login_rsp = (struct iscsi_login_rsp *) login->rsp;

	login_rsp->opcode		= ISCSI_OP_LOGIN_RSP;
	hton24(login_rsp->dlength, login->rsp_length);
	memcpy(login_rsp->isid, login->isid, 6);
	login_rsp->tsih			= cpu_to_be16(login->tsih);
	login_rsp->itt			= login->init_task_tag;
	login_rsp->statsn		= cpu_to_be32(conn->stat_sn++);
	login_rsp->exp_cmdsn		= cpu_to_be32(conn->sess->exp_cmd_sn);
	login_rsp->max_cmdsn		= cpu_to_be32(conn->sess->max_cmd_sn);

	pr_debug("Sending Login Response, Flags: 0x%02x, ITT: 0x%08x,"
		" ExpCmdSN; 0x%08x, MaxCmdSN: 0x%08x, StatSN: 0x%08x, Length:"
		" %u\n", login_rsp->flags, (__force u32)login_rsp->itt,
		ntohl(login_rsp->exp_cmdsn), ntohl(login_rsp->max_cmdsn),
		ntohl(login_rsp->statsn), login->rsp_length);

	padding = ((-login->rsp_length) & 3);

	if (conn->conn_transport->iscsit_put_login_tx(conn, login,
					login->rsp_length + padding) < 0)
		return -1;

	login->rsp_length		= 0;
	mutex_lock(&sess->cmdsn_mutex);
	login_rsp->exp_cmdsn		= cpu_to_be32(sess->exp_cmd_sn);
	login_rsp->max_cmdsn		= cpu_to_be32(sess->max_cmd_sn);
	mutex_unlock(&sess->cmdsn_mutex);

	return 0;
}

static int iscsi_target_do_login_io(struct iscsi_conn *conn, struct iscsi_login *login)
{
	if (iscsi_target_do_tx_login_io(conn, login) < 0)
		return -1;

	if (conn->conn_transport->iscsit_get_login_rx(conn, login) < 0)
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

/*
 *	NOTE: We check for existing sessions or connections AFTER the initiator
 *	has been successfully authenticated in order to protect against faked
 *	ISID/TSIH combinations.
 */
static int iscsi_target_check_for_existing_instances(
	struct iscsi_conn *conn,
	struct iscsi_login *login)
{
	if (login->checked_for_existing)
		return 0;

	login->checked_for_existing = 1;

	if (!login->tsih)
		return iscsi_check_for_session_reinstatement(conn);
	else
		return iscsi_login_post_auth_non_zero_tsih(conn, login->cid,
				login->initial_exp_statsn);
}

static int iscsi_target_do_authentication(
	struct iscsi_conn *conn,
	struct iscsi_login *login)
{
	int authret;
	u32 payload_length;
	struct iscsi_param *param;
	struct iscsi_login_req *login_req;
	struct iscsi_login_rsp *login_rsp;

	login_req = (struct iscsi_login_req *) login->req;
	login_rsp = (struct iscsi_login_rsp *) login->rsp;
	payload_length = ntoh24(login_req->dlength);

	param = iscsi_find_param_from_key(AUTHMETHOD, conn->param_list);
	if (!param)
		return -1;

	authret = iscsi_handle_authentication(
			conn,
			login->req_buf,
			login->rsp_buf,
			payload_length,
			&login->rsp_length,
			param->value);
	switch (authret) {
	case 0:
		pr_debug("Received OK response"
		" from LIO Authentication, continuing.\n");
		break;
	case 1:
		pr_debug("iSCSI security negotiation"
			" completed successfully.\n");
		login->auth_complete = 1;
		if ((login_req->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_NEXT_STAGE1) &&
		    (login_req->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT)) {
			login_rsp->flags |= (ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_NEXT_STAGE1 |
					     ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT);
			login->current_stage = 1;
		}
		return iscsi_target_check_for_existing_instances(
				conn, login);
	case 2:
		pr_err("Security negotiation"
			" failed.\n");
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_AUTH_FAILED);
		return -1;
	default:
		pr_err("Received unknown error %d from LIO"
				" Authentication\n", authret);
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_TARGET_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_TARGET_ERROR);
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int iscsi_target_handle_csg_zero(
	struct iscsi_conn *conn,
	struct iscsi_login *login)
{
	int ret;
	u32 payload_length;
	struct iscsi_param *param;
	struct iscsi_login_req *login_req;
	struct iscsi_login_rsp *login_rsp;

	login_req = (struct iscsi_login_req *) login->req;
	login_rsp = (struct iscsi_login_rsp *) login->rsp;
	payload_length = ntoh24(login_req->dlength);

	param = iscsi_find_param_from_key(AUTHMETHOD, conn->param_list);
	if (!param)
		return -1;

	ret = iscsi_decode_text_input(
			PHASE_SECURITY|PHASE_DECLARATIVE,
			SENDER_INITIATOR|SENDER_RECEIVER,
			login->req_buf,
			payload_length,
			conn);
	if (ret < 0)
		return -1;

	if (ret > 0) {
		if (login->auth_complete) {
			pr_err("Initiator has already been"
				" successfully authenticated, but is still"
				" sending %s keys.\n", param->value);
			iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
					ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR);
			return -1;
		}

		goto do_auth;
	}

	if (login->first_request)
		if (iscsi_target_check_first_request(conn, login) < 0)
			return -1;

	ret = iscsi_encode_text_output(
			PHASE_SECURITY|PHASE_DECLARATIVE,
			SENDER_TARGET,
			login->rsp_buf,
			&login->rsp_length,
			conn->param_list);
	if (ret < 0)
		return -1;

	if (!iscsi_check_negotiated_keys(conn->param_list)) {
		if (ISCSI_TPG_ATTRIB(ISCSI_TPG_C(conn))->authentication &&
		    !strncmp(param->value, NONE, 4)) {
			pr_err("Initiator sent AuthMethod=None but"
				" Target is enforcing iSCSI Authentication,"
					" login failed.\n");
			iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
					ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_AUTH_FAILED);
			return -1;
		}

		if (ISCSI_TPG_ATTRIB(ISCSI_TPG_C(conn))->authentication &&
		    !login->auth_complete)
			return 0;

		if (strncmp(param->value, NONE, 4) && !login->auth_complete)
			return 0;

		if ((login_req->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_NEXT_STAGE1) &&
		    (login_req->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT)) {
			login_rsp->flags |= ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_NEXT_STAGE1 |
					    ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT;
			login->current_stage = 1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
do_auth:
	return iscsi_target_do_authentication(conn, login);
}

static int iscsi_target_handle_csg_one(struct iscsi_conn *conn, struct iscsi_login *login)
{
	int ret;
	u32 payload_length;
	struct iscsi_login_req *login_req;
	struct iscsi_login_rsp *login_rsp;

	login_req = (struct iscsi_login_req *) login->req;
	login_rsp = (struct iscsi_login_rsp *) login->rsp;
	payload_length = ntoh24(login_req->dlength);

	ret = iscsi_decode_text_input(
			PHASE_OPERATIONAL|PHASE_DECLARATIVE,
			SENDER_INITIATOR|SENDER_RECEIVER,
			login->req_buf,
			payload_length,
			conn);
	if (ret < 0) {
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR);
		return -1;
	}

	if (login->first_request)
		if (iscsi_target_check_first_request(conn, login) < 0)
			return -1;

	if (iscsi_target_check_for_existing_instances(conn, login) < 0)
		return -1;

	ret = iscsi_encode_text_output(
			PHASE_OPERATIONAL|PHASE_DECLARATIVE,
			SENDER_TARGET,
			login->rsp_buf,
			&login->rsp_length,
			conn->param_list);
	if (ret < 0) {
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR);
		return -1;
	}

	if (!login->auth_complete &&
	     ISCSI_TPG_ATTRIB(ISCSI_TPG_C(conn))->authentication) {
		pr_err("Initiator is requesting CSG: 1, has not been"
			 " successfully authenticated, and the Target is"
			" enforcing iSCSI Authentication, login failed.\n");
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_AUTH_FAILED);
		return -1;
	}

	if (!iscsi_check_negotiated_keys(conn->param_list))
		if ((login_req->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_NEXT_STAGE3) &&
		    (login_req->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT))
			login_rsp->flags |= ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_NEXT_STAGE3 |
					    ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT;

	return 0;
}

static int iscsi_target_do_login(struct iscsi_conn *conn, struct iscsi_login *login)
{
	int pdu_count = 0;
	struct iscsi_login_req *login_req;
	struct iscsi_login_rsp *login_rsp;

	login_req = (struct iscsi_login_req *) login->req;
	login_rsp = (struct iscsi_login_rsp *) login->rsp;

	while (1) {
		if (++pdu_count > MAX_LOGIN_PDUS) {
			pr_err("MAX_LOGIN_PDUS count reached.\n");
			iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_TARGET_ERR,
					ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_TARGET_ERROR);
			return -1;
		}

		switch (ISCSI_LOGIN_CURRENT_STAGE(login_req->flags)) {
		case 0:
			login_rsp->flags &= ~ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_CURRENT_STAGE_MASK;
			if (iscsi_target_handle_csg_zero(conn, login) < 0)
				return -1;
			break;
		case 1:
			login_rsp->flags |= ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_CURRENT_STAGE1;
			if (iscsi_target_handle_csg_one(conn, login) < 0)
				return -1;
			if (login_rsp->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT) {
				login->tsih = conn->sess->tsih;
				login->login_complete = 1;
				if (iscsi_target_do_tx_login_io(conn,
						login) < 0)
					return -1;
				return 0;
			}
			break;
		default:
			pr_err("Illegal CSG: %d received from"
				" Initiator, protocol error.\n",
				ISCSI_LOGIN_CURRENT_STAGE(login_req->flags));
			break;
		}

		if (iscsi_target_do_login_io(conn, login) < 0)
			return -1;

		if (login_rsp->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT) {
			login_rsp->flags &= ~ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_TRANSIT;
			login_rsp->flags &= ~ISCSI_FLAG_LOGIN_NEXT_STAGE_MASK;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static void iscsi_initiatorname_tolower(
	char *param_buf)
{
	char *c;
	u32 iqn_size = strlen(param_buf), i;

	for (i = 0; i < iqn_size; i++) {
		c = &param_buf[i];
		if (!isupper(*c))
			continue;

		*c = tolower(*c);
	}
}

/*
 * Processes the first Login Request..
 */
int iscsi_target_locate_portal(
	struct iscsi_np *np,
	struct iscsi_conn *conn,
	struct iscsi_login *login)
{
	char *i_buf = NULL, *s_buf = NULL, *t_buf = NULL;
	char *tmpbuf, *start = NULL, *end = NULL, *key, *value;
	struct iscsi_session *sess = conn->sess;
	struct iscsi_tiqn *tiqn;
	struct iscsi_login_req *login_req;
	u32 payload_length;
	int sessiontype = 0, ret = 0;

	login_req = (struct iscsi_login_req *) login->req;
	payload_length = ntoh24(login_req->dlength);

	tmpbuf = kzalloc(payload_length + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!tmpbuf) {
		pr_err("Unable to allocate memory for tmpbuf.\n");
		return -1;
	}

	memcpy(tmpbuf, login->req_buf, payload_length);
	tmpbuf[payload_length] = '\0';
	start = tmpbuf;
	end = (start + payload_length);

	/*
	 * Locate the initial keys expected from the Initiator node in
	 * the first login request in order to progress with the login phase.
	 */
	while (start < end) {
		if (iscsi_extract_key_value(start, &key, &value) < 0) {
			ret = -1;
			goto out;
		}

		if (!strncmp(key, "InitiatorName", 13))
			i_buf = value;
		else if (!strncmp(key, "SessionType", 11))
			s_buf = value;
		else if (!strncmp(key, "TargetName", 10))
			t_buf = value;

		start += strlen(key) + strlen(value) + 2;
	}
	/*
	 * See 5.3.  Login Phase.
	 */
	if (!i_buf) {
		pr_err("InitiatorName key not received"
			" in first login request.\n");
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
			ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_MISSING_FIELDS);
		ret = -1;
		goto out;
	}
	/*
	 * Convert the incoming InitiatorName to lowercase following
	 * RFC-3720 3.2.6.1. section c) that says that iSCSI IQNs
	 * are NOT case sensitive.
	 */
	iscsi_initiatorname_tolower(i_buf);

	if (!s_buf) {
		if (!login->leading_connection)
			goto get_target;

		pr_err("SessionType key not received"
			" in first login request.\n");
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
			ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_MISSING_FIELDS);
		ret = -1;
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * Use default portal group for discovery sessions.
	 */
	sessiontype = strncmp(s_buf, DISCOVERY, 9);
	if (!sessiontype) {
		conn->tpg = iscsit_global->discovery_tpg;
		if (!login->leading_connection)
			goto get_target;

		sess->sess_ops->SessionType = 1;
		/*
		 * Setup crc32c modules from libcrypto
		 */
		if (iscsi_login_setup_crypto(conn) < 0) {
			pr_err("iscsi_login_setup_crypto() failed\n");
			ret = -1;
			goto out;
		}
		/*
		 * Serialize access across the discovery struct iscsi_portal_group to
		 * process login attempt.
		 */
		if (iscsit_access_np(np, conn->tpg) < 0) {
			iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_TARGET_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_SVC_UNAVAILABLE);
			ret = -1;
			goto out;
		}
		ret = 0;
		goto out;
	}

get_target:
	if (!t_buf) {
		pr_err("TargetName key not received"
			" in first login request while"
			" SessionType=Normal.\n");
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
			ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_MISSING_FIELDS);
		ret = -1;
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * Locate Target IQN from Storage Node.
	 */
	tiqn = iscsit_get_tiqn_for_login(t_buf);
	if (!tiqn) {
		pr_err("Unable to locate Target IQN: %s in"
			" Storage Node\n", t_buf);
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_TARGET_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_SVC_UNAVAILABLE);
		ret = -1;
		goto out;
	}
	pr_debug("Located Storage Object: %s\n", tiqn->tiqn);

	/*
	 * Locate Target Portal Group from Storage Node.
	 */
	conn->tpg = iscsit_get_tpg_from_np(tiqn, np);
	if (!conn->tpg) {
		pr_err("Unable to locate Target Portal Group"
				" on %s\n", tiqn->tiqn);
		iscsit_put_tiqn_for_login(tiqn);
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_TARGET_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_SVC_UNAVAILABLE);
		ret = -1;
		goto out;
	}
	pr_debug("Located Portal Group Object: %hu\n", conn->tpg->tpgt);
	/*
	 * Setup crc32c modules from libcrypto
	 */
	if (iscsi_login_setup_crypto(conn) < 0) {
		pr_err("iscsi_login_setup_crypto() failed\n");
		ret = -1;
		goto out;
	}
	/*
	 * Serialize access across the struct iscsi_portal_group to
	 * process login attempt.
	 */
	if (iscsit_access_np(np, conn->tpg) < 0) {
		iscsit_put_tiqn_for_login(tiqn);
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_TARGET_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_SVC_UNAVAILABLE);
		ret = -1;
		conn->tpg = NULL;
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * conn->sess->node_acl will be set when the referenced
	 * struct iscsi_session is located from received ISID+TSIH in
	 * iscsi_login_non_zero_tsih_s2().
	 */
	if (!login->leading_connection) {
		ret = 0;
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * This value is required in iscsi_login_zero_tsih_s2()
	 */
	sess->sess_ops->SessionType = 0;

	/*
	 * Locate incoming Initiator IQN reference from Storage Node.
	 */
	sess->se_sess->se_node_acl = core_tpg_check_initiator_node_acl(
			&conn->tpg->tpg_se_tpg, i_buf);
	if (!sess->se_sess->se_node_acl) {
		pr_err("iSCSI Initiator Node: %s is not authorized to"
			" access iSCSI target portal group: %hu.\n",
				i_buf, conn->tpg->tpgt);
		iscsit_tx_login_rsp(conn, ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR,
				ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_TGT_FORBIDDEN);
		ret = -1;
		goto out;
	}

	ret = 0;
out:
	kfree(tmpbuf);
	return ret;
}

int iscsi_target_start_negotiation(
	struct iscsi_login *login,
	struct iscsi_conn *conn)
{
	int ret;

	ret = iscsi_target_do_login(conn, login);
	if (ret != 0)
		iscsi_remove_failed_auth_entry(conn);

	iscsi_target_nego_release(conn);
	return ret;
}

void iscsi_target_nego_release(struct iscsi_conn *conn)
{
	struct iscsi_login *login = conn->conn_login;

	if (!login)
		return;

	kfree(login->req_buf);
	kfree(login->rsp_buf);
	kfree(login);

	conn->conn_login = NULL;
}


text:
T&T beach soccer men finish 7th
Previous Aritcle Beach Soccer Men show Promise
Next Aritcle Beach Men go down to Bahamas
T&T's men secured seventh position at the Concacaf Beach Soccer Championship after whipping Jamaica 9-3 at the Malcolm Beach Soccer Facility in Nassau Bahamas on Sunday.
T&T got double strikes from the prolific Chad Appo, Makan Hislop and Kevon Woodley to ensure maximum points, despite a battling Reggae Boyz outfit who were led by a hattrick from an equally talented Rohan Reid.
The in-form Hislop gave the men in red, white and black the opening goal in the 7th minute, but the Jamaicans stormed back with an equaliser from Reid in the 15th.
Appo regained T&T's advantage with a 16th minute item before Shallun Bobb made it 3-1, firing past the Jamaican custodian in the 18th.
However, Reid pulled one back in the 20th, the first of four goals to be scored in two minutes, as Woodley later got his first goal seconds after Reid.
A minute later, Reid, who had been single-handedly carrying the burden for the Jamaicans, completed his hattrick (21st minute) to reduce the scoreline to 3-4.
But Appo then notched his second item within the minute to hand T&T a comfortable 5-3 lead heading into the third session, while Hislop and Woodley got their second goals in the 29th and 33rd respectively.
The other two goals for T&T came from the feet of Ryan Augustine (30th) and Kelvion Charles in the 34th.
T&T were hoping to go all the way after impressive starts against the US Virgin Islands 5-1 and Antigua & Barbuda 8-1. But they stumbled to a 5-1 defeat to the United States and later failed to get past the hosts, going down 5-2 in a fifth-place playoff on Saturday.
In that match, Gary Joseph opened the scoring for the hosts, calmly slipping the ball past T&T goalkeeper Zane Coker.
The lead was doubled when Garvin Christie prodded in his side's second from close range.
With the hosts in control going into the latter stages of the game, skipper Christie registered again when he won a 50-50 challenge with substitute goalkeeper Victor Thomas and finished into an open net.
T&T threw everything at Bahamas but were hit by a Justin St. Fleur sucker punch when the in-form forward clipped in his side's fourth, following a swift throw from goalkeeper Torin Ferguson.
Jesse Bailey got T&T on the board while Lemuel Lyons also slotted home a penalty, but it proved too late as Joseph's penalty later wrapped up proceedings.
Jamaica vs Trinidad & Tobago Highlights
Beach Soccer	Jamaica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
New site celebrates array of extraordinary UCLA achievements from 2016-17
AcademicFaculty and Staff
UCLA innovations in education, medicine, law, the arts and environmental science are just a few of the achievements highlighted on the 2016–17 Year in Review website, which launched today.
"Throughout this past year, UCLA scholars took daring leaps forward, developing breakthroughs in an incredible breadth and variety of fields, from cancer research to choreography," writes UCLA Chancellor Gene Block in a letter on the site. "We are pushing the frontiers of knowledge in unprecedented ways, forging lasting and meaningful partnerships in our communities and venturing to answer some of the most pressing questions of our time."
The site spotlights 10 of the myriad advances made by UCLA faculty during the 2016–17 academic year, and it recaps facts and figures on the campus's success in academics, philanthropic support, athletics and alumni activities.
Visit the 2016-17 Year in Review.
Back to all news stories


This sanitary liquid ring pump provides new capabilities for handling products with entrained air.
By using a specially designed impeller and housing, the FZX maintains its prime when other pumps become air bound. This feature makes the FZX more efficient for complete evacuation of tanks and lines during normal process or CIP.


2. Fun Novelty LED Shot Glass with Bead Necklace, this light up rainbow shot glass allows for hands free celebrating at any event!
3. Glow in the dark party supplies,great for any birthday party, sporting event, or holiday party!
4. Our light up shot glass is hand washable and reusable.
5. LED Shot Glasscomes with AG13 batteries included and installed.


Try Apollo Slots VR Today!
Seattle-based Clovr Studios is proud and excited to be working on the new frontier of virtual reality and apps for VR devices. Clovr Studios seeks to be a leading virtual and augmented reality content studio, designing fun, engaging, and user-friendly casual VR gaming experiences. With one app, Apollo Slots VR, now available for Android devices (soon to come for iOS), and many more apps on the way, Clovr Studios is bringing a fully immersive world of fun to virtual reality gamers worldwide.


text:
"Tonight Show" delivery puts pizzeria in the spotlight
Source: Philly.com
THANKS to the comedic duo of Jimmy Fallon and Tina Fey, one Upper Darby family is cheesing from ear to ear.
During the March 3 broadcast of "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon," Fallon surprised Fey – his former "Saturday Night Live" castmate and a guest that evening – on air with a large pizza from her favorite hometown spot, Pica's Restaurant in Upper Darby.
The plain, rectangular pie with cheese on the dough and sauce on top has been a staple at the family-owned business since 1941, when its late founder, Frank Pica Sr., opened the original location at 62nd and Race streets, in West Philadelphia.
Customer response to the "Tonight" appearance "started the very next day . . . and it's been extremely busy ever since," said manager Lori Pica-Rosario, a fan of Fey's work on "SNL." "This was something we were not expecting, because we thought Tina would receive the pizza behind the scenes and not on air. We are beyond thrilled. This has given us a sense of pride in our family business, our employees and our customers."
MFG Tray Transitioning to an Employee-Owned Business
New Website from Lesaffre Simplifies Solution-Finding for Bakers
New System from Unified Office Spots Technology Problems Before They Happen
As Cheese Prices Soar, the Randell Cheeser Station Could Be the Solution
Pizza Ranch Deploys Revel Systems' Cloud Platform Chain-Wide
Using Technology to Deal With Those…Darn Phone Calls


text:
Mobile drug-launching air cannon found by Mexican federal police
Mexican federal police in Agua Prieta, Sonora, discovered a van outfitted with an air cannon they believed was designed to launch drugs over the U.S.-Mexico border.
In a news release, Mexican authorities said that on Friday officers found the van on a street in Agua Prieta, just across from Douglas, Ariz., and noted that it was missing a license plate and the doors were open.
The van had part of the roof removed and a square barrel protruded about three meters—nearly ten feet—from the top of the vehicle.
Inside, federal police found an air compressor and air tank, and a gasoline engine that could have allowed the cannon to launch packages from Mexico into the United States, officials said.
The van had been reported stolen in Hermosillo, Sonora, in July, officials said.
Drug smugglers have used a variety of methods to launch drugs into the United States.
In 2011, National Guard troops spotted smugglers setting up a catapult just south of the fence near Naco, Ariz.
That same year, Mexican authorities in Mexicali, just across the border from Calexico, Calif., seized an air cannon installed in the bed of a red pickup truck.
In January, Border Patrol agents watched as a "OctoCopter-style" drone dropped bundles of drugs after flying over the U.S.-Mexico border from San Luis Rio Colorado, Sonora. The agents intercepted the drugs, but could not seize the drone.
Mexican Federal Police
A police officer stands in front of a van mounted with an air cannon believed to be used to launch drugs over the U.S.-Mexico border near Douglas, Ariz.
news, politics & government, border, crime & safety, local, arizona, breaking, mexico/latin america
agua prieta, border patrol, cbp, douglas, drug smuggling, drugs,


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We have 8 trusted AD domains in our production WAN. QNAP with firmware 4.3.3 is joined to our "master" domain, which has trusts with all the remiaining 7 domains.
The option "Enable trusted domains" in SMB Advanced Options is enabled.
When settings permission on a SMB share, we can only see an empty/incomplete/partial list of domains from which we can choose users from. Sometimes the list is empty, sometimes it only contains some domains.
correctly reports our 8 domains + BUILTIN and our QNAP hostname.
The problem seems to be related to the web UI only.
How can I add users of trusted domains to my share permissions if they are not listed in that dropdown list?


Pamela Bogart teaches academic speaking and writing courses for graduate students, service-learning courses, and a speaking clinic designed for prospective and practicing graduate student instructors (GSIs). In addition, Pamela coordinates winter and summer GSI training programs for LSA sponsored by the ELI and CRLT, the Center for Research on Learning and Teaching. Pamela's research focuses on use of technology to promote language learning, on critical pedagogy and teacher education. Before joining the university as a lecturer in 2000, Pamela was Executive Director of Washtenaw Literacy, an adult ESL and literacy nonprofit educational program. She serves on the Advisory Board of MITESOL.


For viewers of satellite television systems, Denver television could be a reality by summer. However, cable viewers won't be able to get channels from the Mile High City unless their cable firms cut deals with the Denver stations to carry them.
The decades-long campaign for Denver TV access for La Plata County made a significant stride this month for the benefit of satellite television subscribers, but cable customers, at least for the moment, might be left out in the cold.
La Plata County is an orphan county, meaning residents do not receive television programming in-state, but from Albuquerque.
This month, the Federal Communications Commission granted the county a milestone petition that allows satellite providers to offer subscribers Denver television programming, which could be a reality sometime this year and as early as this summer.
Satellite providers serving the county are authorized to partner with ABC, NBC, CBS and Fox affiliates in Denver, and those negotiations are pending.
But the federal decision does not apply to cable companies, which could be a problem for them and their local customers.
As opposed to satellite systems, cable systems need no market modification from the FCC, and they can carry out-of-market stations by negotiating with the station – a process independent of the FCC. However, cable systems are subject to nonduplication rules that usually preclude the company from offering the same network from multiple affiliates.
An NBC affiliate in one geographic area, for example, might have exclusive carriage rights to that area. And traditionally, cable providers carry the affiliate closest in proximity to the cable system and don't carry duplicate stations because of capacity issues and retransmission consent fees.
Retransmission consent, a provision of the 1992 U.S. Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act, requires cable operators to get permission to carry a specific broadcaster's programming.
Charter Communications, which provides cable services, did not return a call for comment so it's unclear if it is negotiating to add Denver TV.
Durango resident and Charter customer Don Ratcliff predicts that the FCC's new ruling for satellite providers could convert cable customers such as himself.
Ratcliff moved from Vail, where he was accustomed to getting Colorado news.
Those who don't pay for television service but rather get their programming "over the air" via antennae won't see a change.
Richard Cotton says he's able to pick up a mix of about 20 stations from his Skyridge home, including KRQE Albuquerque, local government channels and Rocky Mountain PBS.
Consumers always have the option to receive programming over the air, if they can get adequate reception. But whether one subscribes to cable or satellite, there is one constant for La Plata County residents: they want Colorado programming.


text:
Michael A. Bucher
Celebrating the life of Michael A. Bucher
Obituary for Michael A. Bucher
Michael A. Bucher, Sr., 59 of 704 Spruce Street, Kulpmont passed away on Tuesday, December 22, 2020 at Geisinger Medical Center in Danville.
Born at the former Ashland State Hospital on November 3, 1961 he was the son of the late Raymond E. and Frances E. (Chapman) Bucher.
He was a 1980 graduate of Mt. Carmel Area High School.
Michael served his county in the United States Navy.
He had been employed in the construction industry and had worked at International Paper in Mt. Carmel Township.
He is a member of Divine Redeemer Church in Mt. Carmel and the Laborers Union. He was an avid sports fan to say the least. He loved to watch football, baseball and NASCAR.
Surviving are his wife with whom he shared thirty-one years, the former Elizabeth "Beth" Retallack; their four children, Peter Kulik and his fiancé Amanda Yucha of Marion Heights, Vanessa Herbert and her husband Brandon of Catawissa, Jasmine Kulick of Kulpmont and Michael Bucher of Kulpmont; six grandchildren, Hunter, Jaxon, Lyla, Lucas, Kohen and Owen; one sister, Patricia Michalkovich and her husband Ronald of Den-Mar Gardens; two brothers, Daniel Bucher and his wife Robin of Mt. Carmel and David Bucher and his wife Ellie of Mt. Carmel, Sister in law Vera Bucher of Mt. Carmel, numerous nieces and nephews and brothers in law Theodore Retallack Locust gap and Randal Retallack of Kulpmont.
In addition to his parents he was preceded in death by two brothers Kenneth and Dennis Bucher.
Funeral services will be announced in the future. Joseph J. Stutz, Inc. Funeral Home, 40 South Market Street, Mt. Carmel, Joseph J. Stutz, III Supervisor is entrusted with arrangements. To leave a condolence to the family please visit www.stutzfuneralhome.com.
To plant a tree in memory of Michael A. Bucher, visit the Tribute Store.
Services will be set for a future date to be determined.
Share Michael A. Bucher's life celebration
"Email Address" would like to share the life celebration of Michael A. Bucher. Click on the "link" to go to share a favorite memory or leave a condolence message for the family.


Due to the project migration features of the UI Builder, you can reuse the screens of your existing applications and the Tizen Studio samples by porting their screens to your new application. You can create screens by using EFL code or the UI Builder, or by porting screens from other applications. The basic principles of migrating an EFL application to the UI Builder and creating screens using the UI Builder are introduced in Migrating Projects for UI Builder.
This topic shows how to add screens from other applications to existing applications. The example is based on the SettingsUIwithUIB project created in Converting to a UI Builder Project. A screen from the GLView11Cube sample application is ported to the SettingsUIwithUIB application.
In the Tizen Studio, go to File > New > Tizen Project.
Select the Sample project type, Mobile v2.4 profile and version, and the Native Application application type.
In the list of samples, select Graphics > GLView11Cube.
Click Next, give the project a name and ID, and click Finish.
Copy the related files in the inc, src, and res subfolders.
Set hardware acceleration on in the SettingsUIwithUIB project's manifest file as it is in the GLView11Cube project.
Right-click the SettingsUIwithUIB project in the Project Explorer view and select User View Manager.
Enter glview11cube in the field as a name for the new user view.
The pencil ( ) icon in the list refers to an existing user view. If you remove an existing user view, the logic based on that view is also removed. This cannot be undone.
The following figure shows the new view structure when the core UI components of the GLView11Cube screen are changed to those of the UI Builder.
The GLView11Cube application (single screen) does not have the naviframe in the core UI component layer. Thus, the UI components that make up the screen are connected to the first Elementary window object. Similarly, the UI Builder view system also creates the root_container through the window; however, it defines the structure to manage the view in the naviframe of the window object.
To design the ported view, you must modify the ported source file (SettingsUIwithUIB/src/glview11cube.c) and the new user view file (SettingsUIwithUIB/src/user_view/uib_glview11cube_view.c).
In the Project Explorer view, open the glview11cube.c file.
To use the app_create() function as the constructor of the root_container, make the following change to the function prototype.
To use the UI Builder window object, remove the creation part of the core UI component in the glview11cube_create() function.
Add a conditional statement that prevents the root_container from being duplicated, which happens when you transition between the views in the UI Builder view system.
Change the return value from the bool type true to the Evas_Object* type table.
Remove the main() function from the glview11cube.c file, as it is not needed anymore.
The following figure shows the modified definition of the glview11cube_create() function.
Include the glview11cube.h file for referencing the UI component structure (appdata_s).
Define the appdata_s structure as ad to be used in the glview11cube_create() function.
Add a declaration for calling an external function.
Assign the UI Builder's window object to the ad structure.
Pass the UI Builder's window object as a parameter to the glview11cube_create() function and assign the created glview object to the view context's root_container. At runtime, the GLView11Cube screen is displayed through the root_container.
Include the uib_util.h header file at the top of the glview11cube.c file.
Modify the _close_cb() function by replacing the ui_app_exit() function with the uib_util_push_view() function.
The uib_util_push_view() function is a view transition function provided by the UI Builder view system.
In the UI Builder Outline view, select the button2 item.
In the Properties view, click and to add a new clicked event.
The uib_view2_event_handler.c file is opened.
In the view2_button2_onclicked() function, call the uib_util_push_view() function to switch to the GLView11Cube view.


text:
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republic of Bulgaria
Croatia – a Successor State to Yugoslavia
Kingdom of Denmark
Republic of Estonia
Republic of France
Republic of Hungary
Republic of Italy
Kingdom of Norway
Republic of Portugal
Kingdom of Spain
Slovenia – a Successor State to Yugoslavia
Kingdom of Sweden
Airports in Northern Africa
Transportation in Central America
Asia History: Nomadic Empire
Albania Old History
Andorra Old History
Armenia Old History
Austria Old History
Azerbaijan Old History
Belgium Old History
Bosnia and Herzegovina Old History
Bulgaria Old History
Croatia Old History
Czech Republic Old History
Denmark Old History
Estonia Old History
Finland Old History
France Old History
Georgia Old History
Germany Old History
Greece Old History
Hungary Old History
Iceland Old History
Ireland Old History
Italy Old History
Latvia Old History
Liechtenstein Old History
Lithuania Old History
Luxembourg Old History
Macedonia Old History
Malta Old History
Moldova Old History
Monaco Old History
Netherlands Old History
Norway Old History
Poland Old History
Portugal Old History
Romania Old History
San Marino Old History
Slovakia Old History
Slovenia Old History
Spain Old History
Sweden Old History
Switzerland Old History
Ukraine Old History
United Kingdom Old History
Yugoslavia Old History
Posted on July 4, 2020 October 26, 2020 by holidaysort
The history of the Dutch people tells us that after suffering floods, overflows, wars, invasions, destruction and death, no nation has been able to emerge from the misfortune with such tenacity as the Dutch, over time, have been able to do.
One of the greatest men of this people, William the Taciturn, coined a motto for himself, which instead can be adapted to everyone: "I will continue to resist".
In 50 BC the Romans invaded the territory and found populations of Germanic lineage: the Frisians in the north and the Batavi in the south. They lived off hunting and fishing and the Romans, having to cross large and tumultuous rivers, worked very hard to subdue them. The Romans took advantage of the work of the natives but also worked to improve it. The Batavi, in fact, learned from the Romans to build dams and dig channels to harness the water that poured with the fury of the sea, flooding the areas. As the decline of the Roman empire approached, their dominion also loosened until in 400 AD it ended completely. And other Germanic populations arrived in the region. In the 6th century there were the Frisians, always in the north, the Saxons in the center and the Franks in the south. See Countryaah for population and country facts about Netherlands.
Population – Minorities
The majority of the population is Dutch. Minorities are the Indonesians and Ambonese who have immigrated since 1949, Indonesian-Papuan mixed race. Until the Dutch Guiana became independent in 1975, mainly dark-skinned Surinamians came who wanted to keep their Dutch citizenship. In addition, more than half a million foreigners, mostly Turks, Moroccans, British and Germans, live in the country. The integration of minorities and foreigners is considered exemplary by European standards. Around 360,000 Frisians still live in the province of Friesland, and their language is permitted there as an official and school language alongside Dutch.
The Netherlands is densely populated. In 1999 around 89% of the population lived in cities and urbanized communities. The four largest cities in the country, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht, along with Haarlem, Leiden and Dordrecht, are part of the rapidly growing metropolitan area of Randstad Holland. Two thirds of the economic potential is concentrated in this agglomeration, which takes up around ten percent of the country's area. Almost half of the residents of the Netherlands live here. The provinces of Drente, Friesland, Flevoland and Zealand are relatively sparsely populated.
A good 60% of the population are Christians. Non-Christian religious minorities make up around 700,000 Muslims, mainly Indonesians, Moroccans and Turks, around 100,000 Hindus (immigrants from Surinam) and around 30,000 Jews. More than 30% of the population are non-denominational.
The latter, after bloody wars, managed to subdue the others who, however, tried several times to rebel, until they were definitively eradicated by Charlemagne, who reigned there from 768 to 814, and who imposed the Christian religion on the people.
In the following century, all the lands conquered by Charlemagne and which constituted the so-called "Carolingian Empire", were dismembered and became many small states, very often at war with each other. Then from the twelfth to the fourteenth century the borders of these states were modified which were reduced to 4: Holland, Flanders, Brabant and Gelderland, all governed by foreign sovereigns.
Then in the fifteenth century, dynastic wars, and other events, once again divided these states which in the end were 17. But in 1548 a domination began in those lands that was not only military but also religious, brought by the armies of Charles V, king of Spain, and tending to fight all the Protestant and Calvinist states of worship.
Some states did not submit and, through hard struggles, managed to remain independent. And the greatest ruler in these struggles was a Dutch nobleman, William of Orange, called the Taciturn. The House of Orange was the one that gave the state a large number of valiant captains and men of genius and that over time brought Holland to complete independence.
In 1579 some northern states joined together to fight the Spaniards, and formed the Union of Utrecht by signing an agreement which represented the true beginning of the political autonomy of the Protestant provinces. In 1581 they rebelled against the Spaniards and founded the "Republic of the Netherlands", which took the name of Holland much later.
Instead the southern provinces remained Catholic, under the dominion of the Spaniards, and formed what would later become Belgium.
In the 17th century, great progress was made in the economy, due to the power of the Dutch fleet which owned 16,000 ships, more than the French and English ones combined. And in this period the Dutch colonial adventure also began in the two Americas, South Africa and Indonesia.
Then throughout the eighteenth century the Dutch Republic found itself at the center of the succession wars that were fought among them by the great powers, namely France, Spain, England and Austria. The reigning houses, in fact, were all related to each other, and for this reason they sought to advance rights on the territory they wanted to occupy because rich and fertile.
And in 1806 once again Holland had to succumb to a foreign dominion, that of Napoleon I, who created the "Kingdom of Holland" and placed his brother Luigi Bonaparte at the head of the kingdom. When Napoleon was defeated, in the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the representatives of the European states decided to place on the throne of Holland and of Belgium, which were still united, the son of the last crown prince (statolder) William V, who went up to the throne in that year with the name of William I and a new dynasty began.
In the following years the economic situation continued to improve, so much so that Holland became one of the richest countries in the world. The Dutch created colossal shipping companies that concentrated the most profitable world affairs in their hands.
Meanwhile, a strong nationalism was developing among the people, contrasting not only the small communist party, just born, but also the Nazi party, headed by A. Mussert, who was making his first appearances, modeled on the German one of Hitler.
Despite the growth of the unity through democracy movement, this party had forfeited 10% of the votes in the provincial elections of 1936. In those of 1937, however, the results were so disappointing that Mussert also renounced to enter Parliament. The government was entrusted to Colijn who proved wise and always attentive to the defense of democratic freedoms. The cabinet was composed of a majority of right-wing deputies.
Important works such as reclamation and construction of bridges and highways began immediately. From 1935 to 1937 there was a great economic recovery and the port of Rotterdam carried out an activity that has not been recorded since 1929.
In foreign policy the Netherlands preferred to remain out of alliances with other countries but especially with the Nordic ones took initiatives of economic collaboration.
In 1937 Hitler offered Holland a pact for the defense of the territory, an offer which was refused. And the country continued to carry out its work within the League of Nations and in 1938 confirmed its collaboration with the blockade of the "states of Oslo", ie Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Luxembourg.
But meanwhile threatening clouds loomed in Europe and Holland immediately took care to reorganize its armed forces, in all sectors. In 1938 a law was drafted that would double not only the number of young people to be called to military service but also the period of activity. And even before the law was approved, the union of Austria with Germany occurred, and then all the soldiers about to leave the service, because dismissed, were instead detained thus doubling the contingent.
In July 1939 the Colijn government fell and new prime minister was Jonkheer De Geer. The European situation had become worrying: many Dutch territories, along the water line, were flooded for possible defense, while the government on September 1, 1939 proclaimed its neutrality.
Simultaneously Hitler ordered the invasion of Poland. As the German troops were gathering at the border in the first days of May, Holland doubled its vigilance. On May 9, 1940, the news of the next German invasion was sure and the operation started the next day. And this was accomplished not only by the actual armed forces but by many other various elements that formed a kind of "fifth column". They were thousands of Germans who had previously entered the country illegally, the staff of the local delegation and a large number of German service women who worked for Dutch families. A few hours after the invasion, by the German foreign minister a message was delivered to the Dutch foreign minister in which his government guaranteed the integrity of the state and dynasty in exchange for non-resistance. Meanwhile the queen, with her family, had managed to reach London and from there she continued to coordinate the war actions with all the means and resources at her disposal.
Undoubtedly the soul of the government in exile was Queen Wilhelmina, assisted by Van Kleffens and the minister De Geer who resigned in December 1940, replaced by prof. Gerbrandy.
At the beginning, the German occupation troops tried to gain the sympathy of the people, but failing to do so, the well-known Nazi methods immediately applied: concentration camps and persecution of the Jews. Dutch resistance made life very hard for the Germans. They sought to establish a government similar to that of Norway, the famous Quisling, but only in late January 1943 were they able to form an organ of 8 all Nazi advisors, three of whom were killed in the first ten days of installation. Meanwhile, the engineer Anton Adrian Mussert had become one of the most active collaborators of the Germans so much that he deserved the title of "leider of the Dutch people".
When the attack on the American naval base of Pearl Harbor occurred on December 7, 1941, Holland declared war on Japan, making clear the strategy that that country was applying. Japan, in fact, intended to occupy the Dutch Indies and to do this it had to first eradicate the maximum opposition power, that is the United States.
Literature of Iceland Part 3
Crafts and design in Iceland
Transportation in Prague
Geography of Ireland
©2021 Europe Holidays


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New York Attorney General Letitia James said her office is taking legal action against the Trump Organization
New York Attorney General Letitia James on Tuesday announced that her office has found "significant evidence" that "the Trump Organization…
By Trench Times , in United States , at January 19, 2022 Tags: legal action, Letitia James, New York Attorney General, Trump Organization
New York Attorney General Letitia James on Tuesday announced that her office has found "significant evidence" that "the Trump Organization used fraudulent and misleading asset valuations" to obtain economic benefits for years.
James added that her office has taken legal action to force the former president, and his children Donald Trump Jr and Ivanka Trump, to comply with the investigation into the Trump Organization's financial dealings.
New York's attorney general said in court papers that Donald Trump's family business repeatedly engaged in "fraudulent or misleading" practices.
NY AG James We are taking legal action to force Donald Trump, Donald Trump, Jr., and Ivanka Trump to comply with our investigation into the Trump Organization's financial dealings. No one in this country can pick and choose if and how the law applies to them.
Hunter Walker It's important to note that the New York attorney general has limited criminal authority without referrals from other agencies. However, her investigation could provide a roadmap for other prosecutors looking at Trump's business dealings.
Massachusetts Gov. Charlie Baker will not seek a third term
Gov. Charlie Baker of Massachusetts, a moderate Republican who defied Donald Trump during his two terms, said he would not…
California bans private prisons and detention centers
California Governor Gavin Newsom signed a bill that bans private prisons and immigrant detention facilities from operating in California by…
At least 12 people were injured following a South Carolina mall shooting on Saturday
Ten people were shot and two were injured following a shooting at the Columbiana Centre mall in Columbia, South Carolina,…
Actor James Michael Tyler died of prostate cancer at age 59
Actor James Michael Tyler died of prostate cancer at 59, his manager announced in a statement on Sunday. He was…
Mick Mulvaney asks to join lawsuit after flouting subpoena in House impeachment inquiry
Acting Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney filed a motion on Friday to join an existing lawsuit over whether White House…


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Infrastructure: Roads and highways
San Francisco: Infrastructure
Car culture: General
Prelinger Archives
foolishblue Favorites
rr1955 Favorites
emmyac Favorites
David Silva Favorites
Margaret B. Favorites
handy (jam) organization
bethlehem steel company
frith films
mpo productions, inc.
universal-international
Building a Highway
by Encyclopaedia Britannica Films, Inc.
Major steps in the construction of a two-lane (pre-Interstate) highway.
favoritefavorite ( 2 reviews )
Topic: Infrastructure: Roads and highways
Highway Hearing (Part II)
by Universal-International
Produced to garner support for the 1956 Federal Aid-Highway Act, the law that enabled the Interstate Highway system. After a small town learns that it is to be bypassed by a new freeway, highway officials and politicians help to convince residents that the freeway is actually in their interest. The film ends as it began, at the ribbon-cutting ceremony for the new stretch of highway.
Topics: Infrastructure: Roads and highways, Car culture: General
Highway Hearing (Part I)
favoritefavoritefavorite ( 2 reviews )
by Handy (Jam) Organization
Driving is compared with running a railroad train. With excellent images of steam-era passenger trains.
Topics: Infrastructure: Roads and highways, Safety: Automotive
Wheels of Progress
by U.S. Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Agriculture, Educational Film Service
Reviews the history of transportation in the U.S. and promotes the economic and social benefits of more and better public roads..
Topics: Infrastructure: Roads and highways, Automobiles: History
Caught Mapping
How road maps are drawn, field-checked and printed.
Topics: Cartography, Geography, Infrastructure: Roads and highways
Builders Of The Broad Highway 2
by Frith Films
Frith Films presents, Builders Of The Broad Highway, Part 2. Produced and Photographed by Emily Benton Firth, Commentator Don McNamara.
Topics: Motion Pictures: Sponsored, Sustainability, Infrastructure: Roads and Highways, Occupations:...
[California State Highway 101 Opening]
Opening of California State Highway 101 at San Francisco, with 50,000 people in attendance; parade of automobiles from San Francisco Civic Center; Mayor James "Sunny Jim" Rolph of San Francisco; Mayor Taylor of San Mateo; county supervisors; Queen Clara Carli; aerial views of highway and air-to-air shots of airplane carrying dignitaries. The highway linked San Francisco with northern San Mateo County to the south.
Topics: San Francisco: Infrastructure, Celebrations, Infrastructure: Roads and highways
[Lincoln Highway Dedication]
Dedication of the western terminus of the Lincoln Highway (old U.S. 30), the legendary transcontinental route, in Lincoln Park, San Francisco.
Topics: San Francisco: Infrastructure, Infrastructure: Roads and highways, Celebrations
Freedom of the American Road (Part I)
by MPO Productions, Inc.
Henry Ford II introduces this film designed to encourage private citizens to unite and support road improvement. Part of the lobbying campaign that culminated in legislation authorizing the Interstate Highway system in 1956, this film shows community efforts to improve and increase safety on the Bayshore Highway in the San Francisco Bay Area; congestion in Pittsburgh and the Golden Triangle redevelopment area; the economic benefits of Boston's circumferential highway, Route 128; and safety...
Topics: Infrastructure: Roads and highways, San Francisco: Infrastructure, Manifest destiny
Your Permit to Drive
by General Motors Photographic
Talking driver's license narrates this hymn to the beneficial effects of highways, cars, and driving.
Topics: Safety: Driving, Car culture, Infrastructure: Roads and highways
Freedom of the American Road (Part II)
Conquering Roads
Highway engineering and development in the pre-Interstate era.
Topics: Infrastructure: Roads and highways, Land use, Civil engineering
Give Yourself the Green Light
Advocacy film produced to garner public support for the creation of the Interstate Highway System.
Topics: Infrastructure: Roads and highways, Car culture: General, Manifest destiny
Open Road A
by Bethlehem Steel Company
Educational film about how steel is used to make highways, including problems that occur with time and use.
Topics: Infrastructure: Roads and Highways, Civil Engineering, City Planning, Metals: Steel: Steel Industry
Open Road B
To New Horizons
favorite 144
Definitive document of pre-World War II futuristic utopian thinking, as envisioned by General Motors. Documents the "Futurama" exhibit in GM's "Highways and Horizons" pavilion at the World's Fair, which looks ahead to the "wonder world of 1960."
Topics: Futurism, World's Fairs: New York, 1939-40, Infrastructure: Roads and highways


Jeffrey Hollender, entrepreneur and founder of Seventh Generation, and presently co-chair of Greenpeace, leads a panel of business executives to discuss the challenges businesses face in becoming sustainable, not just successes, but the struggle between the money to grow and what is good for the environment. Panelists include Jeff Seabright of Coca-Cola, Michael Jacobson of Intel, and James Gowen of Verizon.
Jeffrey Hollender, co-founder of Seventh Generation, presents his philosophy of radical transparency. After Hollender posted a list critiquing Seventh Generation's products on the company's website, he says, customers responded favorably and asked for the same from Seventh Generation's competitors.
Jeffrey Hollender, President of the company Seventh Generation, encourages business owners with a "for benefit" revenue model or intentions to learn more, consider becoming a B Corp member.
For more information on B Corporations click here.
We at 7th Generation are big supporters of B Corporation (http://www.bcorporation.net/) we are a B Corp and want to encourage other businesses to join in.


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Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders to make campaign stop at UNC
CHAPEL HILL, N.C. (WTVD) -- Presidential candidate and U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders is coming to North Carolina.
Sanders scheduled a rally at Bell Tower Amphitheater at UNC-Chapel Hill on Sept. 19. A tweet from UNC Young Democrats says the rally will start at 5:30 p.m.
We're honored to host @BernieSanders at @UNC on Sept. 19! The rally will be at 5:30 PM at the Bell Tower Amphitheater. More details and student ticketing info TBA.
— UNC Young Democrats (@UNCYoungDems) September 11, 2019
Doors open at 4 p.m. for the event, but students wanting to guarantee themselves a seat should be in line by 3:30 p.m. Any students in line after that will join the general public stand-by line.
According to FiveThirtyEight, Sanders is one of the top three candidates in the race to win the Democratic nomination for president.
The most recent polling data FiveThirtyEight have received from North Carolina came from the first week of August. It showed Sanders with 15%, behind Joe Biden with 36%, and ahead of Elizabeth Warren at 13%.
Sanders' visit comes after President Donald Trump came to Fayetteville in support of Republican Dan Bishop. Senator Kamala Harris spoke at a banquet honoring the 84th anniversary of the Durham Committee on the Affairs of Black People last month.
politicschapel hillbernie sandersunc
'You called me a liar,' Warren told Sanders post-Iowa debate
Warren, Sanders quarrel over how long ago 30 years was
FACT CHECK: Examining claims from 2020 Democratic debate
Dems respond to Obama remarks about 'old men not getting out of the way'


Three new planning guidelines were launched this week, all with the intention of ensuring sustainability, involving local communities and preserving biodiversity.
Launching a draft planning policy statement on biodiversity and geological conservation (PPS9), Planning Minister Keith Hill said the planning system had an important role to play in protecting our natural heritage and delivering sustainable development.
"Areas of biodiversity are precious assets for the local community. We must make sure the planning system contributes to a sense of place by protecting or incorporating these sites. The planning statement I am launching today sets out how this should be done."
Mr Hill added that planning authorities would be assisted by a circular accompanying the statement, providing guidance on implementation of the law as it affects biodiversity and geological conservation.
In addition, two other planning policy statements, PPS11 and PPS12, on regional spatial strategies and local development frameworks, were launched to provide policy and guidance critical to the production of spatial plans that will improve quality of life, help deliver community aspirations and promote sustainable development.
Minister Hill said: "Both PPSs will greatly assist regional and local planning authorities in ensuring partnership working and community involvement so that their plans are in tune with regional and local aspirations. This whole new system is all about involving people in planning and I'm pleased these new PPSs will help achieve that."
PPS11 will operate at a regional level, while PPS12 is designed to operate at a local level, getting communities involved in making the decisions that affect their environment.
"Allowing regional planning bodies to draw up strategic policy on issues such as roads and business plans without giving members of the public the right to raise concerns will further undermine confidence in the whole planning system. The Government says it wants to encourage people to participate in regional plans, but only a legally enforceable right to be heard will guarantee that the voice of local communities will not be ignored in the rush for major new developments."


The Journal of Popular Music Studies invites submissions for a special issue on global nightlife cultures. There's a myth that to be interested in nightlife — to party, to seek pleasure in the night, to devote oneself to a club scene and its music — is to somehow be less concerned about the more "serious" aspects of everyday life. After all, how can you feasibly go to work tomorrow if you've been out until 6 a.m. or later? Ears ringing from pounding dance music. Club stamps still visible on your wrists. Isn't it better to stay at home, safe in the bosom of domesticity and fully tucked away from the ribald dangers and creatures of the night?
This is, of course, the primary moral argument that has been lodged against nightlife and club cultures since at least the late 19th century because it goes against the very core of modern urban life: productivity. Curfews, cabaret laws, zoning laws, and debates about which types of nightlife establishments can open where and what can be allowed to happen inside of them, how loud music can be played and until when — these are all aspects of nightlife that are controlled by the irrational fear that nightlife is always up to no good.
But this simple moral argument overlooks three key ingredients of nightlife: 1) that global nightlife is a multi-billion dollar industry. To put that number in perspective, in New York City alone nightlife is a billion dollar industry and in places like Berlin, nightlife is one of the main cultural-touristic attractions; 2) that nightworlds are spaces for subcultural aesthetic innovations and experimentation; 3) and finally that through intimacy, dance, and self-styling, nightworlds create unique possibilities for social belonging and connectivity within and across race, class, gender, and sexualities.
This issue seeks to further investigate such particularities and their specific historicity, expanding on the current bibliography that, as much as it forms a canon strongly supported by Bourdieusian and Cultural Studies approaches, can and must profit greatly from a more theoretically diverse perspective. We hope to bring the best of recent work from a range of interdisciplinary fields to bear on music, place, and the global nightlife economy, from Berlin to Angola, thereby deepening our understanding of a cultural phenomenon that garners novel modes of existence throughout the globe.
Full details (including submission information) found here.


MARTINSBURG, W.Va. - The attorney on trial for allegedly killing his ex-wife last year and dumping her dismembered remains in Back Creek testified Tuesday that he didn't think police would believe his claim that her death was an accident so he attempted to cover it up instead of reporting it.
"I didn't intentionally strike her," said Stephen R. Fielder, who is charged with the murder of Debra Ann Fielder, 47.
Jurors seated for the 59-year-old Bunker Hill, W.Va., man's trial in Berkeley County Circuit Court could reach a verdict today. They heard closing arguments Tuesday from Prosecuting Attorney Pamela J. Games-Neely and defense attorney B. Craig Manford.
"Look at what he did to this woman ... Look at the lengths he went (to cover it up)," Games-Neely said of the stabbing and dismembering of Fielder's body and attempt to sink it in the western Berkeley County stream in luggage packed with gym weights.
Describing the woman's death as a "cold, callous, brutal act," Games-Neely urged the jurors to remember the lies to which Fielder admitted on the witness stand that he told police when they questioned him about her death Sept. 7.
Fielder, who was on the witness stand for more than three hours, admitted to using a hacksaw to cut his ex-wife into pieces after she died on Aug. 11, 2006. He testified he cut her up after she fell down a flight of stairs in his house at 9280 Winchester Ave.
Fielder said he knocked her off balance while attempting to stop his ex-wife from locking him out of his house after he told her she could no longer stay at his home.
"She said, 'I'm not leaving, you're leaving'," Fielder recalled before he reached out to stop her from shutting the door.
Fielder said his outstretched arm made contact with her shoulder or head, causing her to fall forward over his left shoulder and down the steps that lead to the basement and his garage-converted law office. Stephen Fielder said he lost his balance, but fell back against the inner wall of the stairwell.
In cross-examination by Games-Neely, Fielder dismissed findings by the West Virginia Office of the Chief Medical Examiner that indicate his ex-wife was stabbed at least twice before she died.
"She's absolutely wrong," Fielder said. "She doesn't know what she's talking about. I don't know what the medical examiner looked at. I know what happened."
Fielder, however, admitted that he stabbed the suitcase that contained the torso of his ex-wife multiple times after he dismembered her body because he couldn't get the luggage to sink in the creek, even with the gym weight.
Games-Neely later asserted in her closing arguments that the injuries to Debra Fielder's body were "the very definition of malice" and that Stephen Fielder intentionally put more weight in a piece of luggage containing Fielder's head and hands because they could lead to her identification.
Before that, Games-Neely noted that "he allowed her to lay in his home and bleed out."
Most of Fielder's remains were found in the creek Aug. 20, three days after Fielder testified that he discarded them in a deep pool of water before a forecasted storm expected to muddy the stream and make it even more difficult for her remains to be found.
Fielder said his original plan to bury them in the Sleepy Creek Wildlife Management Area was abandoned because of car trouble that developed near the intersection of Tuscarora Pike and Buck Hill Road. He couldn't find a burial site along Back Creek, either.
"There was just no good place to bury her, so I decided to sink her," Fielder said.
Though divorced in 2002, Fielder testified that he provided his ex-wife at several different occasions with gas money, rent and the purchase of a vehicle, and allowed her to stay at his house when she didn't have anywhere else to go.
"Of the (four) women I was married to, Debbie was the most fun," said Fielder, who earlier noted their mutual interest in music - he played guitar and she was a singer.
Fielder said his divorce from Debra Fielder came about after he discovered a significant amount of money to be missing, which he attributed to her gambling and worsening drinking problem.
Debra Fielder's physician last week testified that "blood work" completed July 28, 2006, indicated she was legally intoxicated from alcohol. She also tested positive for an antidepressant that wasn't prescribed for her and marijuana.
Stephen J. Mallot said he encouraged her to get treatment for her drinking problem, and she agreed that was a good idea.
On Aug. 11, Mallot's wife testified that she contacted Fielder in a follow-up phone call about a treatment program and initially spoke to Stephen Fielder.
Within hours of that phone call, Stephen Fielder said the accident happened.
In his closing remarks, Fielder's attorney told the jury that the state's evidence supports little more than spontaneous or accidental circumstances surrounding Fielder's untimely death.
"He is not the monster the state wants you to believe he is," Manford said.


I am currently taking requests for WordPress development related articles!
As I'm discovering, designing, developing & deploying websites, I'm sharing what I've learned (usually the hard way) in this journal. I've learned so much through the amazing open source community, now it's time to give back!
This simple idea turned out to be not-so-straightforward. Setting up the conditions for notification on email change were easy: compare $old_user_data->user_email to $user->user_email*, if the values are not equal, send an email. Great!
*more about profile updates in the codex.
$old_user_data is an object containing only the basic WP_User fields, but none of the additional user keys (first_name, last_name, etc. are not part of this object).
Ahhhh, ok. Well at least that explains it. So, what to do now? I thought about if for a bit, but no easy solution came to mind. I also wanted to implement a solution that was native to WordPress, without using jQuery etc. I posted the situation to the Advanced WordPress Facebook Group, which if you're not involved in, you should be!
Within a matter of minutes I had multiple ideas coming in from awesome WordPress folks. One solution in particular stood out to me, it was a suggestion from Nick Ciske, to store the user meta in a transient, and then compare the data. A transient? I had never heard of this before so I looked it up in the codex, behold, awesome: Transient API.
In conclusion, code is awesome. Code that works is more awesome. And people in the WordPress community are the most awesome of them all. Thanks again, Nick!
thank you so much for your code-snippet!
II have adapted it to my request and it works the way I want it!
Thank you for sharing this code so many years ago. Email update notification works perfectly still today!
You are so welcome! Glad to hear that and I really need to get back to working on this blog haha.
I used your code and got everything working just fine – many thanks. However, using transients does seem to present potential problems if they expire early ("it is possible for the transient to not be available before the expiration time"; "Transients might disappear one second after you set them, or 24 hours, but they will never be around after the expiration time").
Why wouldn't you use the Options API?
Hi Giles, glad you found this helpful. To be honest, as this solution/post is 4 years old, I can't recall the reasoning. I seem to remember having the discussion (maybe?) but then ruling it out for one reason or another. There was a lot of back and forth with some other devs on the best way to do this, and at the time, this was the solution that fit.
Copyright © 2019 Chris Perryman / Revelation Concept. All rights reserved.
*This page was painstakingly crafted with delicacy and copious amounts of coffee for your viewing pleasure by Revelation Concept.


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meaning of aneesa in urdu
Aneesa name origin is Arabic. Names of Allah, It means valuable, precious, extremely desired. Find Anees multiple name meanings and name pronunciation in English, Arabic and Urdu. Aneesa name meaning in Urdu. Aneesa name used for Girl. How difficult is it to pronounce Aneesah? Aneesa lucky number is 3. Aneesa name meanings is Close, Faithful, intimate, affectionate, Companion, affectionate, friendly, sociable. It's literal meaning is "something so good and valuable that people compete for it", derived from the N-F-S root (to breathe, to compete), which is mentioned in many places in the Quran.eval(ez_write_tag([[580,400],'quranicnames_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_0',113,'0','0'])); I call to witness the morning time, as it softly breathes. What is the meaning of Aneesa ? Darker blue on the map indicates that people in the country are more likely to search for this name. Muslim names, Anisa Name Meaning is sympathizer. User Submitted Meanings. Anees is a Muslim Boy name and has Arabic origin. You can also find the public reviews and opinions about Aneesa name here. The lucky number of Anisa name is 2 and also find similar names. You were born somewhere around the territory of USA South-Central approximately on 750. All of the above spellings are acceptable for this name. Meaning of the Aneesa is Companion, affectionate, friendly, sociable, intimate friend; fem. of Anis. Aneesa meaning in Urdu and English. Nafeesa is an indirect Quranic name for girls. At Urdu Wire you can find Aneesa Muslim Names meaning, origin & religion with rating & reviews. Islamic names, It's literal meaning is "something so good and valuable that people compete for it", derived from the N-F-S root (to breathe, to compete), which is … Arabic boy names, of Anis. Also see the lists of names of Islamic/Muslim or Arabic origins. Survey: Which of the following lists would you find most interesting? The content on this site does not constitute any type of legal or religious advice. All information on our website is based on our own How to write Aneesa in Urdu Arabic English. Muslim girl names, Find out below. Aneesa is an Arabic Muslim name which is usually used in sub-continent for girls Muslim names. Aneesa is an Arabic origin name and is used mostly for Baby Girl Names. You always liked to travel, to investigate, could have been detective or spy. Not all countries that have shown an interest in the name are listed in the bar graph. Thick black border indicates stress/emphasis. Anees Name Meaning is Companion Genial Close Friend. sources, but we do not take any responsibility for the authenticity of these names. The lucky number of Aneesa name is 5 and also find similar names. Your profession was entertainer, musician, poet, and temple-dancer. True wealth is buried in your soul. Meaning of Nafeesa. The lucky number of Anees name is 4 and also find similar names. A name gives you recognizable proof in the society. Aneezah Name Meaning of She-Goat.. Lucky Number associated with this name is 5. If you are looking for Aneesa name meaning in Urdu and English then you can find the complete detail of Aneesa name here. - Popular Girls Names (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); - Popular Boys Names Each block is a syllable. What are some names that would belong on a list titled ". People search this name as Aneesa, Meaning of aneesa, Aneesah, Aneesa write in chinese. You may also create your own spelling. Anisa is a Muslim Girl name and has english origin. original research in Arabic, Persian and English-language scholarly references. According to a user from United Kingdom, the name Aneesah is of. you can also find the origin, gender and the lucky number of Aneesa name here. The map shows the absolute popularity of the name Aneesah as a first name in each of the states. Longer bars in the bar graph indicate that people in the country are more interested in the name. (Quran 83:25-26), Last Updated: October 15, 2020 7:57 am GMT. Names of the Prophet (pbuh), girls names. It means valuable, precious, extremely desired. U.S. Census Bureau: Frequently Occurring Surnames from the Census 2000 (public domain). boys names, Popular Names Blog, Our database has been complied using girls names, This is an Islamic Girl Name, Aneesa meanings in Urdu & English is Close, Intimate, Friendly Find Aneesa multiple name meanings and name pronunciation in English, Arabic and Urdu. Ambition - is not everything. Get reliable answers and advice from QuranicNames.com staff, with citations from academic references and scholarly works, using our paid Question and Answer service. See other popular names in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, or California. And for this, let those who like to compete, place their competition. - Names Blog Interest is based how many people viewed this name from each country and is scaled based on the total views by each country so that large countries do not always show the most interest. Find Anisa multiple name meanings and name pronunciation in English, Arabic and Urdu. We never copy information from other websites. Companion, affectionate, friendly, sociable, intimate friend; fem. Aneesa is a Arabic Muslim name for Girls The meaning of Aneesa is one who is friendly and gentle with others, one whose words are consoling, one whose presence brings calm and peace. - Search Names ; Search for more names by meaning. Aneesa Name Meaning of Gentle, Good Friend and Companion. You should develop self-love and ability to implant hope into hearts of people. Aneesa name meaning Aneesa naam ka matlab kya hai انیسہ نام معنیٰ انیسہ نام کا مطلب کیا ہے ... Aneesa Name Meaning - Aneesa Name Meaning in Urdu - Duration: 1:34. various reliable (Quran 81:18), They are provided with the drink of a sealed nectar. Aneesa Name Detail with Meaning in Urdu/Arabic. I do not know how you feel about it, but you were a female in your last earthly incarnation. Aneesa In Arabic : Girl Muslim Names Aneesa Meaning in English. U.S. Social Security Administration: Popular Baby Names, Death Master File (public domain). Submit the origin and/or meaning of Aneesah to us below. Arabic girl names, Aneesa is a Muslim Baby girl name, it is from Arabic origin. - Add Names, - Naming a Child Privacy Policy, Popular Its Pronunciation is Arm + NEEd + SAnd. Popular - Contact Us, Muslim boy names, More info. Other pronunciations are acceptable. All Rights Reserved |, Islamic (Quranic) Girl Names Starting With N, Muslim Girl Names - Girl Names from the Quran, Islam, the Good Parts: A Basic Income System that Encourages Employment, Productive Investment and Automation, Baby Names for Muslims: Traditional and Modern Boy and Girl Names from Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Other World Languages Permissible in Islam, Traditional and Modern Arabic Baby Names: 5,000 Authenticated Names for Boys and Girls, Traditional Islamic Baby Names: Authentic Male and Female Given Names from Early Islamic History. Copyright 2011-2020 QuranicNames.com. According to a user from United Kingdom, the name Aneesah is of Arabic origin and means "Friendly, good friend". Aneezah Name Meaning. Aneesa is baby girl name mainly popular in Muslim religion and its main origin is Arabic. Nafeesa is an indirect Quranic name for girls. What does the name Aneesah mean? Do you have a question about Islamic baby names? Aneesa Name Meaning is Variant Of Anisa Affectionate.. Aneesa is a Muslim Girl name and has Arabic origin.
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Kilis és una província al centre-sud de Turquia. Solia ser la part del sud de la província de Gaziantep i va ser formada el 1994. La ciutat de Kilis és la llar de prop d'un 67% dels habitants de la província. Les altres ciutats i pobles són molt petits.

Història
Hi ha evidència d'ocupació humana des de fa 4.000 anys, en l'Edat mitjana del bronze. La regió va ser governada pels hurrites, l'Imperi assiri, l'Imperi Hitita, l'Imperi Persa, l'Imperi Macedoni, l'Imperi Romà (incloent-hi l'Imperi Romà d'Orient), i finalment per l'Imperi Otomà.

Els llocs d'interès històric inclouen un cert nombre de turons d'enterrament, castells i mesquites.

Geografia
Kilis està situada en els contraforts del sud-oest de les Muntanyes del Taure, a l'oest de l'Eufrates a la vora del nord de la Plana de Síria. El districte conté àrees de bona zona agrícola, regada per petits rius, i un 68% de l'àrea cultivable de Kilis està conreada. Gairebé un 4% de la producció de raïm de Turquia ve de Kilis. Altres productes agrícoles importants són olives, fruita, blat, ordi i tabac. A la regió hi predomina el clima mediterrani, que d'altra banda es troba a una distància del mar que oscil·la entre els 60 a 80 km. Els hiverns són frescos i plujosos, les primaveres i les tardors són càlides i els estius són calorosos. Les temperatures mitjanes de l'hivern oscil·len entre els 4 i els 7 graus, mentre que a l'estiu les temperatures no cauen per sota dels 25 graus.

Es pot travessar la frontera per entrar a Síria, des d'on la carretera va cap al sud, en direcció a la ciutat siriana d'Alep.

Persones conegudes de Kilis
 Doğan Güreş, antic cap de l'Estat Major, va ser Diputat al Parlament per Kilis.
 Izettin Iyigün general de l'exèrcit turc, nascut a Kilis el 1938
 Hıncal Uluç, columnista i jutge de concurs de bellesa, nascut a Kilis el 1939

Districtes
La província de Kilis es divideix en 4 districtes (el districte de la capital apareix en negreta)

 Elbeyli
 Kilis
 Musabeyli
 Polateli

Referències

Enllaços externs
  Lloc web oficial del governador de Kilis
  Lloc web oficial del municipi de Kilis
  Informació sobre el pronòstic del temps a Kilis

Kilis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Character sprite sheets for all game sprites.
This album includes a repaint of the stone door character (!Doors3) within the Rpg Maker Vx Ace game itself. I was in need of a brass door and needed something old and weathered. So I created this oxidized and semi-oxidized variations of the original resource. I wanted to share it here with the community for anybody who needs something a little old and a little used for their games! It's part of a tileset I'm working on for dwarven cities.
Since it is from the original game itself, it is naturally free to use in commercial and non-commercial games so long as credit is given to me for the repaint.


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