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Fields of Vision – Worth the While
Prior to uploading this Fields of Vision article, originally published in National Midweek, an interesting twist occurred: for the first time since I started graduate studies, I had the now-rare luxury to go over any film that interested me, since for the first time since I started teaching, I was able to arrange a half-sabbatical for myself. I decided to re-view (with the option to review) the possible entries in the Filipino film canon, and was startled by how many fine films were taken for granted during the 1980s, simply because too many others were already being celebrated even in other lands; I also wrote elsewhere that cultural critics during the first half of that decade felt obliged to tamp down their enthusiasm, since the call of the times was to denounce the Marcos dictatorship, which had cast its lot, for better or worse, with the local industry. My contemporary colleagues confirmed this discovery of an embarrassment of cinematic wealth, so I sought to rectify the earlier write-up by adding some titles I'd rediscovered, winding up with about a quarter new entries, as well as identifying all the films' directors. To jump to specific years, please click here for: 1980; 1981; 1982; 1983; 1984; 1985; 1986; 1987; 1988; or 1989.
Three teachers are simultaneously handling the basic introductory film course at the national university for academic year 1990-91, and one inspired afternoon we all got together to coordinate our syllabi and agree on certain activities. One of these was the preparation of two sets of film clips, one on foreign films and another on local ones. I remarked that I was preparing a similar listing of Filipino film highlights to prove that, regardless of the few ups and greater downs it underwent, film as a medium still contained the country's most consistent artistic achievements. My list was slightly different from what we were preparing – we were concentrating on what I had earlier called the second Golden Age of the latter Marcos era, 1976-86, while I was drawing largely from the scope of my then-forthcoming first anthology of reviews and criticism, namely the '80s.
11011Surprisingly, although we had some differences when it came to deciding what scenes from what foreign titles to include, we were almost entirely in agreement regarding the Filipino films. Herewith are the scenes I listed for myself, with two urgent clarifications: first, I pinpointed each one in the context of remembering the entire film; and second, several of these films contained more than just one memorable moment – hence the notion of scene listings or film clips is still essentially a compromise. Also, since it would be easier to recall characters in terms of the actors who played them, it's the actors' names I used instead. I first tried to classify some of these (a lot of them were endings in their original works), but later I realized that the principle of time could best be employed in indulging in the persistence of memory. Mostly I searched for moments that were satisfying in the emotional rather than in the plastic cinematic senses, and arranged these chronologically according to year of release, with titles within the same year arranged alphabetically.
Daria Ramirez regretfully walks out on her lover Fernando Poe Jr., then watches from a distance as he looks for her and gives up in Eddie Romero's Aguila.
11011Reluctant to confront the reality of her enslavement to small-time film idol Phillip Salvador, Nora Aunor accedes to her neighbors' invitation to drink and winds up momentarily forgetting her insurmountable sorrows in Lino Brocka's Bona.
11011Amy Austria, just recovered from trauma-induced catatonia after killing her male oppressors, promises to name her baby after Gina Alajar as a means of forgiving her promiscuous and unscrupulous best friend in Marilou Diaz-Abaya's Brutal.
11011Dressed for a sunbathing session, Chanda Romero's conversation with boyfriend Ronaldo Valdez leads to dissatisfaction with his hesitation to commit to their relationship in Danny Zialcita's Ikaw at ang Gabi.
11011Bogus nuns, led by their Mother Superior Nanette Inventor, start with a religious hymn that breaks out into a disco number in Mike de Leon's Kakabakaba Ka Ba?
11011Mia Gutierrez confronts her sister, Hilda Koronel, for whom her abusive husband Jay Ilagan still holds a flame, in Laurice Guillen's Kasal?
11011Lesbian drug pusher Cherie Gil discusses true love with gay couturier Bernardo Bernardo at the sauna parlor where blind masseuse Rio Locsin, the former's girlfriend, works in Ishmael Bernal's Manila by Night.
11011Lloyd Samartino, upon realizing that the upper-class lifestyle he wanted demanded compromises he could not afford, watches his dance-instructor parents enjoying themselves and decides to obey his father's admonition to take over the family profession in Celso Ad. Castillo's Totoy Boogie.
11011Timid nymphets Dina Bonnevie, Maricel Soriano, and Snooky Serna finally find the courage to gang up on Mark Gil, their oppressors' henchman, in Joey Gosiengfiao's Underage.
Return to Fields of Vision contents
Phillip Salvador, anxious about the fate of his missing son, discovers the infant on Smokey Mountain, dead on a mountain of garbage, and breaks down in Mike Relon Makiling's Ako ang Hari.
11011Amy Austria chases lecherous executive Eddie Garcia with a bolo knife, threatening to castrate him; after he jumps out the window and is immobilized by an injury, she tells him to wait for her so she could finish him off in Junn P. Cabreira's Cover Girls.
11011Charos Santos, a victim of incest who's disallowed by her father-lover from leaving the family with her husband, dreams of being a bride in a house full of running water in Mike de Leon's Kisapmata.
11011After suffering abuse and manipulation (including a near-fatal abortion procedure) in the hands of her manager and producer Charos Santos-Concio, Gina Alajar decides to take matters into her own hands by dictating her terms as a top-grossing star in Lino Brocka's Kontrobersyal.
11011Rural migrant William Martinez arrives at Rizal Park for the first time and meets an entire range of offbeat characters, some of whom had appeared in previous Ishmael Bernal films, in the same director's Pabling.
11011Rudy Fernandez shares a tender moment with his bride Tetchie Agbayani on their wedding night, both blissfully unaware of the politically catalyzed violence that will soon rip their town and family apart in Romy Suzara's Pepeng Shotgun.
11011Annoyed at how her colleagues hold their former mama-san Mary Walter in such high regard, Alicia Alonso reminds her and them of how violently she had been introduced to a life of prostitution in Mel Chionglo's Playgirl.
11011Johnny Delgado decides to kill his unfaithful wife Gina Alajar and himself after realizing that their shared guilt in murdering one of her lovers will forever haunt them in Laurice Guillen's Salome.
After investing so much in her prize cock that friends and family abandon her, Nora Aunor discovers to her dismay that it can't win a major derby and mourns its death in front of cockfight onlookers in Pablo Santiago's Annie Sabungera.
11011After favored son Christopher de Leon mourns his dead mother during her burial, his brother and now blood-feud enemy Phillip Salvador shows up and weeps over his loss of a family, and also over the fact that he nevertheless maintained filial affection for the mother who rejected him in Lino Brocka's Cain at Abel.
11011Chanda Romero's supreme confidence in her desirability overrides the comic limitations of her Southern accent and fake sophistication as she proceeds to seduce late-blooming virgin Ward Luarca in Mike de Leon's Batch '81.
11011Eddie Infante realizes that Rio Locsin, who had enchanted the town's eligible bachelor, is the ghost of his sweetheart who had perished at the hands of the Japanese Imperial Army during World War II in Butch Perez's Haplos.
11011Brutalized sex worker Gigi Dueñas, who returned to her hometown to set up a whorehouse to avail of the tourists lured by her childhood friend's popularity as faith healer, captivates a group of curious local boys by stripping and performing magic tricks with her body and dancing with them in Ishmael Bernal's Himala.
11011Vic Vargas manfully apologizes to his best friend Paquito Diaz, who accepts it with just enough pride intact in Lino Brocka's In This Corner.
11011Rodolfo "Boy" Garcia reconciles with rebellious son Albert Martinez in Ishmael Bernal's Ito Ba ang Ating mga Anak?
11011Four female friends – unrequited lover Lorna Tolentino, talentless but determined singer Gina Alajar, gay husband's ex-wife Sandy Andolong, and overburdened wife Anna Marin – kill time at their university building's steps in Marilou Diaz-Abaya's Moral.
11011Two clans of the sugar gentry flee from invading Japanese soldiers who have burned their cane fields in Peque Gallaga's Oro, Plata, Mata.
11011Mark Gil, frustrated with his gay relationship with a lumpen macho, casts a longing glance at Christopher de Leon while the latter drunkenly confesses his disappointment with the former's best friend, Dina Bonnevie, in Lino Brocka's Palipat-Lipat, Papalit-Palit.
11011Christopher de Leon meekly cleans up the plates broken in a fit of exasperation by his live-in mistress Vilma Santos in Ishmael Bernal's Relasyon.
11011Illegitimate daughter Lorna Tolentino attempts one final conciliation with her legitimate half-sister Vilma Santos; unsuccessful, she decides to abandon the family abode in Eddie Garcia's Sinasamba Kita.
11011Tough-minded lesbian lawyer Nora Aunor forgets her aversion to romantic commitment when she sees alluring showgirl Vilma Santos shimmying in front of her in Danny L. Zialcita's T-Bird at Ako.
Starlet Lito Pimentel and Len Santos, his gay manager, unconsciously demonstrate to Christopher de Leon, who's estranged from Vilma Santos, how true lovers quarrel and then reconcile in Ishmael Bernal's Broken Marriage.
11011Stranded foreign exotic dancer Amparo Muñoz teaches conservative lass Gloria Diaz how to seduce a man by flirting with her ardent admirer Rey "PJ" Abellana in Jehu Sebastian's Hayop sa Ganda.
11011Tony Santos Sr. relates to his son Phillip Salvador his fulfillment in retiring as an honest though poor policeman in Lino Brocka's Hot Property.
11011Destructively domineering father Vic Silayan chides his dead wife on her grave for abandoning him in this life in Marilou Diaz-Abaya's Karnal.
11011Rebel leader Lito Lapid, after deciding to await his firstborn as his wife undergoes labor among Aeta tribespeople, enjoys the quiet rural dawn prior to making his last stand in Celso Ad. Castillo's Pedro Tunasan.
11011Long-suffering mother Charito Solis finally decides to turn against her criminally abusive son Ace Vergel, in favor of her adopted daughter Vivian Velez, in Carlo J. Caparas's Pieta.
11011When her grieving mother Nida Blanca blames the death of her husband on adoptive son Jaypee de Guzman, Maricel Soriano finds herself torn between the emotional demands of her mother and the needs of her brother in Maryo J. de los Reyes's Saan Darating ang Umaga?
Ilocana Gloria Romero and Visayan Nida Blanca maintain hypocritical geniality as next-door neighbors while plotting to outdo each other in terms of material success and involving their husbands and children in the process in Maryo J. de los Reyes's Anak ni Waray vs. Anak ni Biday.
11011Dindo Fernando loses his equanimity in court after his client and former girlfriend Vilma Santos decides to incriminate herself by telling the truth in Marilou Diaz-Abaya's Baby Tsina.
11011William Martinez, Herbert Bautista, J.C. Bonnin, Raymond Lauchengco, and Aga Muhlach partake of hijinks and '80s New Wave pop culture as they explore the world of adolescent masculinity in Maryo J. de los Reyes's Bagets.
11011Barrio boys bravely line up for the traditional unanesthetized circumcision ritual in Boatman.
11011Gina Alajar escapes from prison by seducing her security escort and then handcuffing him to a bed in a mausoleum in Mario O'Hara's Bulaklak sa City Jail.
11011Unaware that his older sister Nora Aunor suspects his involvement in gangland violence, Dan Alvaro submits to her care and counsel in Mario O'Hara's Condemned.
11011Maricel Soriano enumerates to her elder sister Gina Alajar the several frustrations in slum life as her justification for aspiring to higher social standing in Maryo J. de los Reyes's Kaya Kong Abutin ang Langit.
11011Gold-digging manipulator Eddie Garcia attempts to seduce lonely widow Gloria Romero, whose loneliness blinds her to his coarseness and greed, by plying her with liquor in Laurice Guillen's Kung Mahawi Man ang Ulap.
11011Marilyn Concepcion and birthday celebrator Nora Aunor, Filipina nurses working in America, cry together from too much laughter and homesickness in Gil Portes's 'Merika.
11011Alicia Alonzo pacifies her squabbling neighborhood friends by advising them to touch an amount of money whose sheer bulk they had never seen before in their lives in Abbo Q. de la Cruz's Misteryo sa Tuwa.
11011Claudia Zobel (in a still photo) enumerates the deaths of great men after her own meaningless killing in Mel Chionglo's Sinner or Saint.
11011Naïve nun Vilma Santos, mentored by her namesake Laurice Guillen, nervously takes her place in a picket line for the first time in Mike de Leon's Sister Stella L.
11011Just like her two younger sisters, conservative barrio lass Janet Bordon sings Maria Grever's "Tipitipitín" (a.k.a. "Ladrón de amores") after losing their virginity to stammering stranger Ernie Garcia in Celso Ad. Castillo's Virgin People.
11011Single mother Gina Pareño, realizing that English will not be enough for corporate-climbing in Makati, works on her Spanish in Ishmael Bernal's Working Girls.
Former student activist Gina Alajar verges on a hysterical breakdown as she cradles the slain body of Phillip Salvador, her worker-husband driven by poverty to commit crime for her sake, in Lino Brocka's Bayan Ko: Kapit sa Patalim.
11011Frustrated from having to service too many demanding women, gigolo Al Tantay vents his exasperation with their limited cooking abilities by enumerating, to his elderly lover Rita Gomez, a wide variety of edible fish species in Ishmael Bernal's Gamitin Mo Ako.
11011Exasperated banker Mario Taguiwalo recites a litany of local middle-class irritations he'll be leaving behind when he migrates to the US in Ishmael Bernal's Hinugot sa Langit.
11011Oppressed mother Nida Blanca and her son Aga Muhlach discover each other's identity after years of separation in Lino Brocka's Miguelito: Batang Rebelde.
11011Vivian Velez emerges as house favorite in the face of her mother Lolita Rodriguez's disapproval, in her very first dance performance in Celso Ad. Castillo's Paradise Inn.
11011Security guard Orestes Ojeda, aware of his wife Anna Marie Gutierrez's infidelity to him, cries like a child to her prior to carrying out bloody vengeance in Peque Gallaga's Scorpio Nights.
11011After her citified friend Sarsi Emmanuelle convinces her that her objection to worldly desires is unnecessary and unhealthy, Maribel Lopez begins discovering her body's sensual potential in Elwood Perez's Silip.
11011A ghostly band of adventurers sing "Atin Cu Pung Singsing" as they sail down the Pampanga River in Peque Gallaga's Virgin Forest.
Forced into gladiatorial hand-to-hand combat by sleazy-rich yuppies, Dan Alvaro defeats the reigning champion (working-class like him) but refuses to kill him in Mario O'Hara's Bagong Hari.
11011Obsessive paranoid Joel Torre, tormented by the memory of a girl he killed and another he has kidnapped, goes into a hallucinatory nightmare in Mike de Leon's Bilanggo sa Dilim.
11011Single parent Gloria Diaz tries her best to cheer up her kids upon their arrival at their rundown new residence in Celso Ad. Castillo's Ang Daigdig Ay Isang Butil na Luha.
11011Gino Antonio and Jaclyn Jose, live-show performers and lovers, discover that a neighbor has accidentally witnessed them in bed and continue their lovemaking anyway in Chito Roño's (a.k.a. Sixto Kayko's) Private Show.
11011Jaclyn Jose, the only one among two couples who has fallen in love with the person she married, breaks down upon confirming her husband and best friend's affair in William Pascual's Takaw Tukso.
11011Married couple Michael de Mesa and Anna Marie Gutierrez match the former's best friend, fugitive Joel Torre, with the latter's schoolteacher chum, Betty Mae Piccio, during a picnic in Peque Gallaga's Unfaithful Wife.
Gay soldier Roderick Paulate eulogizes his straight doppelgänger, a fallen rebel leader, in Mike Relon Makiling's Kumander Gringa.
11011Successful executive Lorna Tolentino declares her intention to maintain at all cost her grip on hesitant lover Jay Ilagan in Lino Brocka's Maging Akin Ka Lamang.
11011Before an audience of otherworldly creatures and earthlings, Alfredo Navarro Salanga states his preference for staying in the supernatural world to residing in Cubao in Peque Gallaga and Lore Reyes's Once Upon a Time.
11011Susan Roces gives vent to her emotions as her husband Eddie Gutierrez moves in with his mistress Charo Santos-Concio in Mel Chionglo's Paano Kung Wala Ka Na.
11011Vilma Santos, dressed in black along with her mother- and sister-in-law, prepares to attend the funeral of Tonton Gutierrez, an intellectually disabled man whom she was forced to marry for convenience by her manipulative boyfriend, but with whom she eventually fell in love in Eddie Garcia's Saan Nagtatago and Pag-ibig?
11011After her family discovers her trade, Celeste Legaspi attempts suicide but has to defer it several times to attend to the needs of her late prostitute-friend's baby in Mario O'Hara's Tatlong Ina, Isang Anak.
Tough-as-nails Malou de Guzman teaches a demure Maricel Soriano how to become an effective bus conductor in Mel Chionglo's Babaing Hampaslupa.
11011Presidential aspirant Laurice Guillen and her supporters celebrate the departure of a dictator in Robert Markowitz's A Dangerous Life.
11011Bank teller Jaclyn Jose, flush with the exhilaration of freedom from big-city concerns, runs through a clearing in the wilderness in the dead of night as her bewildered boyfriend Mark Gil follows in Chito Roño's Itanong Mo sa Buwan.
11011After confiding his apprehension to his sister Snooky Serna regarding her safety in the hands of her sadist husband, she winds up comforting her brother Anjo Yllana in Maryo J. de los Reyes's Kapag Napagod ang Puso.
11011After years of avoidance, working-class couple Ricky Davao and Jackie Lou Blanco strive for civility with their upper-class counterparts and former swapped partners Edu Manzano and Dina Bonnevie in Carlos Siguion-Reyna's Misis Mo, Misis Ko.
11011Matriarch Mary Walter explains to her brood of grandchildren how deforestation forces creatures of the woodlands to dwell among humans in Peque Gallaga & Lore Reyes's Tiyanak.
11011Bargirl Debbie Miller, realizing that her boyfriend Rudy Fernandez needs money, decides to give him her earnings in exchange for a night of intimacy with him in Pepe Marcos's Tubusin Mo ng Dugo.
Nora Aunor admits her generation-spanning love, twisted by class conflicts, for Tirso Cruz III in Elwood Perez's Bilangin ang Bituin sa Langit.
11011Tito Arevalo, charismatic leader of a band of right-wing fanatics, basks in his belief that God is on his side as his own family suffers in Peque Gallaga and Lore Reyes's Isang Araw Walang Diyos.
11011Macho dancers Daniel Fernando and Alan Paule, the former discovering his sister in a brothel and the latter anxious to comfort him, resort to homosexual tenderness in Lino Brocka's Macho Dancer.
11011Former rebel priest and government apologist Phillip Salvador grieves silently for his illegitimate son murdered by right-wing vigilantes in Lino Brocka's Orapronobis.
11011Cancer victim Vilma Santos pays tribute to a beautiful morning before death claims her in Ishmael Bernal's Pahiram ng Isang Umaga.
This entry was posted on Monday, May 5th, 2014 at 1:36 pm	and tagged with Fields of Vision and posted in Book.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.
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§ 47–4643. 800 Kenilworth Avenue Northeast redevelopment project.
For temporary (90 days) amendment of this section, see § 7050 of Fiscal Year 2018 Budget Support Congressional Review Emergency Act of 2017 (D.C. Act 22-167, Oct. 24, 2017, 64 DCR 10802).
For temporary (90 days) amendment of this section, see § 7050 of Fiscal Year 2018 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2017 (D.C. Act 22-104, July 20, 2017, 64 DCR 7032).


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Tags / HIV
A Contemporary Hell: Life Inside a Ba...
Faridpur, Bangladesh
By Miguel Candela
Prostitution in Bangladesh has been legal since the year 2000. However, as Bangladesh is a conservative Muslim country, prostitution carries negative social stigmas. Despite this, severe poverty and economic stagnation have forced women previously employed in other sectors to become prostitutes. Furthermore, many sex workers are underage and child prostitution is rife. Female sex workers are often abused and and always underpaid, earning as little as $0.50 per customer.
However, there is growing awareness among sex workers and they have started to organize themselves in unions. One organization of sex workers is called the "Prostitute Association of Faridfur," founded in Faridpur district, near the Bangladeshi capital, Dhaka. These associations were formed to establish a "union" among sex workers and protect them from abuse. Despite the face of a unified force in having associations to represent these sex workers, radical Islamic conservatives have openly condemned these women. In 2010, these radicals burned a brothel to the ground. That incident injured two women and left all of the other tenants homeless.
These photos offer intimate portraits of women who's daily lives consist of abuse and exploitation as they struggle to survive on the fringes of one of the poortest societies on earth.
Thailand's Monastery of AIDS
Lopburi Province, Thailand
By Antolo
FULL TEXT ON REQUEST
Text by Ana Salvá, Photos by Antolín Avezuela
A Buddhist temple in Thailand serves thousands of HIV patients abandoned by their families. Most of the families that bring their infected relatives never return to the monastery over to visit, even after death.
The monastery Phra Bat Nam Pu, located in Lopburi province, 150 kilometers north of Bangkok, has become the place where thousands of people affected by HIV in Thailand receive medical care. Some were abandoned there by their families and others came on their own feet. "Sometimes I would see the sick to the hospital, and in 1991 some began to come visit me here; I was an alternative for them, "says Dr. Alongkot Dikkapanya, the head monk of the monastery which today serves more than 1,500 men, women, children and orphans.
In Thailand, 440,000 people out of a population of 67 million live with HIV, according to the latest UNAIDS report on the state of the epidemic in the world. Many Thai carriers of the virus fear getting tested to see if they are infected. Access to health care in Thailand has improved over the last 35 years, as the country was one of the first to introduce free antiretroviral treatment for people with HIV, with South Africa and Cameroon, according to Doctors Without Borders.
The monastery takes care of HIV-infected patients that tend to be stigmatized by Thai society. The clinic also cares for patients with lower immunity that cannot feed themselves. Some are very weakened by the disease and cannot eat, go to the bathroom or change their own diapers. Some lie almost naked and powdered with talc as a result of the tropical heat.
"The disease weakens patients to death if they don't take their medicine," says Thong, one of the veteran's center workers who also HIV postive. He gave a false name because he prefers to remain anonymous.
Most patients who come to the clinic have contracted AIDS as a result of having intercourse with prostitutes. Some then spread the virus to their wives. Thais generally prefer unprotected sex, according to a report by the Organization World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010.
One of the infected women living in the center, Pan, 34, sits cross-legged on her bed. She can barely speak. Pan fell ill with AIDS at the age of 19 after having sex with her ex-boyfriend. Later, she gave birth to a girl with HIV who died 11 months after birth.
"My parents divorced a while ago and the new husband of my mother brought me here. They have never come to visit me since then," explains Pan.
Most of the patient's families never return to the monastery to visit them. Even after death.
"When new patients come, they have to check a box in a form saying what to do with their bodies when they die. Normally their families don't come to pick them up," Thong says.
Among the options in the form, they can choose to be mummified for display in a room a few meters from the clinic. This decision is taken by the victims themselves to raise awareness about HIV's lethality.
"When we have to decide what to do with the bodies, we cremate them" says Thong.
In the windows of the room, behind the figure of a Great Buddha of black color, there are sachets containing the ashes of patients who failed to beat the disease.
monastery of aids 01
A black statue of Buddha reigns in the middle of the temple where all the remains of the patients that passed away in the monastery are stocked.
The only isolated area in the whole building is a small dorm settled for tuberculosis patients, at the end of the main room.
Maprod came to the temple with his mother seven months ago. His mother got AIDS, but he was born healthy. Now he's almost 3 years old.
A patient on Phra Baht Nam Phu Monastery awaits the nurses who take care of him.
Kraison, 46 years old, became infected 10 years ago after having sex with a prostitute without protection. He arrived at the temple 2 years ago because he is not able to support himself. He lost his legs after suffering hyperglycemia when infected by HIV.
Alia, 49 years old, she knew that she was infected with AIDS after one month of pregnancy. After taking the proper medication, her child was born healthy. Her husband, who used to have sex with sex workers without using condoms, infected her. She arrived to the temple 5 years ago because no one cares of her.
Some of the patients are so weak that can not even walk. They must wait for helpers to get rid of their bed prisons daily.
Rachen, 58. He used to inject heroin. He was fired from his neighborhood when his neighbors realized that he was infected.
Aman, 45. HIV affected his brain and he became deaf 5 years ago.
A patient tries to get some rest at his bed in the middle of the main room.
All the critical patients must share the same dorm. A large room loaded with hospital beds shared by the inmates and all their personal belongings.
Pon, 48, joined the monastery seven years ago, after a routine check revealed that he had HIV. Since then he quit his family without saying a word to don't disturb them. Now he kills time on his bed drawing portraits of the founder of this center.
Kitti, 46 years old, is so weakened by the disease that he must wear diapers. He became infected after having sex with his wife. He reached the temple three years ago, after the death of his wife. None of his family is taking care of him.
A patient trying to get outside of the building by himself.
The patients have the right to decide if, after death, they want their bodies being mummified to be shown at the museum, to explain the world how HIV affects humankind.
After death, the bodies of the patients are incinerated and the remains are stocked all together in individual sachets behind the Buddha statue.
Because of the increasing lack of storage space at the monastery, now the bodies of the deceased are not just cremated but crushed to reduce the size at small bags in boxes.
On a temple inside the complex, some mummies of infected HIV patients that passed away are shown to explain the visitors how the sickness affect the human body.
AIDS Monastery 12
Lopburi Province
Worrakit has 42 years old. He used to inject drugs and had unprotected sex. The disease has weakened him to the point of became blind. He came to the monastery three years ago because he had nowhere to go.
Maprod came to the temple with her mother seven months ago. Her mother got AIDS, but he was born healthy. Now he's almost 2 years old.
HIV/AIDS: Editor's Picks
By Transterra Editor
HIV Carriers in China Experience Disc...
By Morten Luxhøi
Mr. Xiong at the hospital.
A portrait of Mr. Xiong.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Larry is a professional photographer based in the Santa Clarita Valley.
Larry specializes in real estate, sports and portrait photography. Larry has produced images and virtual tours for some of the top real estate agents and home builders in the area.
Larry is a member of the Real Estate Photographers of America. Larry is also a regular contributor to CBS/MaxPreps, the premier web site promoting high schools athletics in the nation Larry also is a contributor to Referee Magazine.


text:
Koeritsa (rivier), rivier in Rusland
 Koeritsa (dorp), dorp in Rusland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Audiology devices are electronic devices used by audiologists for the diagnosis and treatment of hearing impairment or hearing loss. They are also used for monitoring or studying hearing. Hearing impairment or frequent hearing loss is often associated with old age and is a growing problem globally. The high prevalence of hearing problems is precipitated by the growing ageing population and the rising incidence of impairment and loss of hearing among younger generations; these factors are therefore the key drivers for this market. Moreover, the cosmetic appeal of hearing devices and high prevalence of deafness is spurring the growth of this market. Additionally, technological advancement, cost-effective and efficient devices (such as wireless devices), and widespread acceptance of novel devices amongst the geriatric population is also expected to fuel market growth.
On the other hand, the high cost of solutions used in surgeries and social stigma associated with the appearance of audiology devices act as major restraints for this market. Nevertheless, the untapped opportunities in emerging countries such as Brazil, China and India, growing health awareness and government initiatives to provide improved healthcare services are the key opportunities for players to gain traction in the global audiology devices market. The key companies profiled in this market are GN ReSound Group, Cochlear Limited, Sonova Holding AG, Siemens Healthcare, William Demant Holding A/S, Widex A/S, Starkey Hearing Technologies and others.
The global audiology devices market is segmented into product type and geography. On the basis of product type the market is segmented into bone anchored aids for hearing, cochlear implants, hearing aids and diagnostic devices. Hearing aids dominate the market as they are comfortable, user friendly and possess superior connectivity. Additionally, cochlear implants are witnessing the highest growth rate in the overall market during the forecast period, due to technological advancements and rising demand from consumers. In terms of geography, the market is segmented into various regions such as North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and LAMEA. European countries hold the largest market share. This is attributed to the prevalence of deafness and growing awareness regarding the technology in these countries. The Asia-Pacific region shows the highest CAGR during the forecast period due to the large customer base, the attempts made by key players to educate consumers and growing awareness regarding the benefits of using hearing aids.
Extensive analyses of the factors that drive and limit the growth of the audiology devices market are provided.
Deep dive analysis of segments such as equipment products, technologies, applications and procedures provide insights that would enable companies to gain competitive edge.
In-depth analysis of various regions would give a clear understanding of the trends in various regions so that companies can make region specific plans.
The competitive landscape section lists the market shares held by the leaders in the industry along with the key strategies adopted by them to gain high monetary value.


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Editor's Pick, Fiction, FridayFlash
THE LAST WEEKEND IN JULY
by Zach Murphy
• September 3, 2021 September 3, 2021
Photo by Nariman Mesharrafa on Unsplash
It was the summer of 1993, and Keilani and I sat by the crackling fire as the bullfrogs croaked a sonorous symphony, the grass swayed from a whispering breeze, and the stars zipped in different directions across the vast night sky.
"What a weekend," Keilani said, resting her hands on the back of her jet-black hair.
"Rad like a cat wearing sunglasses," I said.
"Satisfying like spelling Sriracha right on the first try," Keilani said.
That was our thing. One of our things. In fact, when you've known someone since the age of five, you amass a lot of things.
I leaned in toward the warmth of the fire, took a deep breath, and prepared to tell Keilani something that I had hesitated to tell her all summer. "I decided I'm not going to Northwestern."
"What?" Keilani asked.
"I've thought about it a lot and I just don't think college is for me," I answered.
"But we had it all planned out," Keilani said. "Together."
"I'm so terrified of tossing four years away," I said. "And going into debt forever."
"Why did you wait until the last minute to tell me?" Keilani asked. "You always do that, and it drives me crazy."
"It's not the last minute," I said.
"That's another thing you do," Keilani said. "I know it's not literally the last minute, but you just have this affinity for suddenly dipping out on plans."
"Like when?" I asked.
"Remember when you didn't even show up to your own birthday party? The party that I organized!"
"I had the flu!"
Keilani stood up. "And the time you said you would pick me up from my dentist appointment and didn't show up?"
"I had a panic attack about driving in downtown traffic," I said. "I had just gotten my license!"
"I had to use a pay phone while half of my mouth was numb!"
Keilani tossed another log onto the fire and a flurry of sparks burst into the air.
"I'm sorry," I said.
Keilani sat back down, fanned the smoke away from her eyes, and brushed the ashes off her sweatshirt. "I'm going to miss you. That's all."
"I'm going to miss you too," I said.
"So what do you plan on doing?" Keilani asked.
"I want to save the world."
"Like Wonder Woman?"
"No," I said. "I keep having these dreams about rainforests losing their color and oceans warping into garbage dumps. I want to try and do something. I'm just not sure what yet."
"Maybe someday there will be an invention that allows us to see each other's lives from far away," Keilani said.
"Sure," I said. "And maybe Blockbuster will go out of business!"
We both laughed until we snorted.
Keilani reached over and grabbed my hand. "We'll still look up at the same moon," she said.
I wondered if I'd ever have a moment with Keilani like this again. "What a weekend," I said.
Keilani sighed. "Over too soon like a Prince song."
Zach Murphy
Zach Murphy is a Hawaii-born writer with a background in cinema. His stories appear in Reed Magazine, The Coachella Review, B O D Y, Ruminate, Wilderness House Literary Review, Flash: The International Short-Short Story Magazine, and more. His debut chapbook Tiny Universes (Selcouth Station Press, 2021) is available in paperback and e-book. He lives with his wonderful wife Kelly in St. Paul, Minnesota.
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A SWIM
BOOK REVIEW: IT'S GETTING DARK


Arsenal are reported to be tracking Sporting Lisbon goalkeeper Rui Patricio, who has admitted he could be on the move this summer.
Gunners boss Arsene Wenger is on the look out for a new goalkeeper in the close season with Barcelona's Victor Valdes and Swansea star Michel Vorm both reported to be on his wanted list.
However the highly-rated Patricio has also been linked with a move and the 25-year-old has admitted he could be interested in leaving the Portuguese giants.
"I feel good here, but we must consider many things," Patricio has been quoted as saying. "I still do not know what the future holds for me." Tuttomercatoweb.
Arsenal are reported to have already failed with one bid of £8.5million in January as Sporting held out for more cash, but Wenger could make a new improved bid when the transfer window re-opens.


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Accutane Gastrointestinal Injury
Ulcerative colitis, a debilitating and permanent gastrointestinal disease, is among the reported side effects of Accutane, an acne medication made by Hoffmann-La Roche.
Prior results do not guarantee or predict a similar outcome in any future matter.
Accutane Products Liability Litigation
Case Began
Middle District of Florida
8:04-md-02523
Seeger Weiss's role
Lead trial counsel and liason counsel
The Accutane case, which began in 2003, alleged the powerful acne drug causes inflammatory bowel disease. Seeger Weiss partner David Buchanan played a major role in litigating plaintiffs' claims in a longstanding case against drug manufacturer Roche. In 2005, he was appointed Liaison Counsel and trial counsel representing plaintiffs suffering from ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease as a result of their use of Accutane.
Buchanan called the long-lasting litigation a "little bit of a Groundhog Day," in an interview with Law360, a reference to the multiple bellwether cases Roche has forced in the case.
These bellwether trials provided important harbingers to the parties for the broader litigation. Buchanan served as trial counsel in McCarrell v. Hoffmann La Roche, Inc., (No. A-4481-12T1; N.J.), representing an Alabama man who developed ulcerative colitis shortly after stopping Accutane, and secured a $2.5 million verdict in first trial and a $25.5 million jury verdict in re-trial. He also served as trial counsel in Kendall v. Hoffman La Roche Inc. (No. 36 A. 3d 541; N.J.), representing a Utah woman who developed ulcerative colitis after stopping Accutane, and secured a $10.4 million verdict in first trial and $1.4 million verdict in re-trial). Buchanan served as lead trial counsel in the consolidated trial Rossitto & Wilkinson v. Hoffmannn La Roche, Inc. (Nos. L-7481-10 and L-1311-08; N.J.), representing a New Jersey woman (Ms. Rossitto) and Utah man (Mr. Wilkinson) concerning their development of ulcerative colitis and resulting complications following the use of Accutane, winning an itial verdict of $18 million for the plaintiffs.
These contentious proceedings have similarly resulted in several landmark decisions from the New Jersey Supreme Court and the New Jersey Appellate Division—in which Buchanan served as appellate counsel—on legal issues of wide import, including choice of law, the discovery rule applicable in products liability claims, the presumptions afforded under the New Jersey Products Liability Act, and the admissibility of expert scientific testimony.
$18 million verdict for two former Accutane users
On Friday, June 29th 2012, counsel for the plaintiffs in yet another Hoffman La-Roche Accutane Trial, led by Seeger Weiss partner David Buchanan and Troy Rafferty of Levin Papatonio, PA were able to secure an $18 million verdict. The plaintiffs in the drug injury lawsuit were Katie Rossitto and Riley Wilkinson, two former Accutane users […]


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Diese Liste der Fornminnen in Karlskrona zeigt die "Alten/antiken Denkmale" () im Stadtgebiet von Karlskrona in der gleichnamigen heutigen Gemeinde Karlskrona der südschwedischen Provinz Blekinge län, sie ist eine Teilliste der "Liste der Fornminnen in Blekinge". Die Aufteilung basiert auf der historischen Zuordnung der Gebiete in Socken (siehe auch) und der Einteilung des Zentralamts für Denkmalpflege Riksantikvarieämbetet (RAÄ). Es werden die Fornminnen aufgeführt, die auf dem Suchdienst "Fornsök" registriert sind, welcher weitere Informationen zu den bekannten kulturhistorischen Überresten in Schweden enthält.

Begriffserklärung

Legende

Liste Fornminnen Karlskrona

|}

Weblinks

 Liste der Fornminnen in der Provinz Blekinge län
 Merkblatt zum Umgang mit Stätten des kulturellen Erbes (pdf)
 Regeln und Hinweise zum Umgang mit archäologischen Funden (pdf)

Einzelnachweise

Karlskrona
Karlskrona
!Fornminnen in Karlskrona


Discover the three factors to master to manage up and sideways in today's competitive environment. Explore the secrets of success that mentors share with protégés that isn't taught in business school. Discover how to leverage others' behavioral styles, develop partnerships through political competence, and how to get buy-in from your boss to achieve your personal and professional goals.
•	The Courage Factor: Discover How to Get Your Goals and Needs Met, Too!


PC Perspective has a look at the BigFoot Networks Killer NIC K1 network card. They also take a look at the recently released FNA Bit Torrent client designed to do background downloading while you do your gaming thing and they promise no impact on performance. An impressive showing on the torrent client, it'll be exciting to see what other applications they come up with.


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The Afrikaner sheep (also known as Cape fat tail) is a breed of fat tailed, hair sheep indigenous to South Africa.

History
Afrikaner sheep are one of the oldest native sheep breeds in South Africa, along with sheep such as the Damara, Blackhead Persian, Pedi, and Zulu (Nguni). Their ancestors were brought down from the middle east by the Khoikhoin people. Ronderib Afrikaners are thought to be the first sheep imported to Australia, with the First Fleet in 1788, but today are very rare in the country.

Varieties
There are two varieties of Afrikaner sheep; the Namaqua Afrikaner and the Ronderib Afrikaner. The long, fat tail is an energy store which helps them survive long dry seasons.

The Namaqua Afrikaner is known for its hardiness in extreme environmental conditions. It is a slender, lanky sheep with a fat tail, and is not particularly favoured for modern lamb production. Namaqua Afrikaners are generally white with a red or black head, and large fat tails. What the breed lacks in market meat desirability, it makes up for in its foraging ability and hardiness in desert conditions.

The Ronderib Afrikaner is one of the larger breeds of South African indigenous sheep. There are two known sub varieties of this breed, one that has soft, fine, shiny hair being the Blinkhaar Ronderib Afrikaner, and the Steekhaar Ronderib Afrikaner having coarse hair, which was thought to be extinct. However, twenty animals were found in 1995 on a farm near Upington. The ribs of both are oval in cross section rather than flat. It is these two characteristics of coat and rib shape which distinguish this distinctive breed. Like the Namaqua Afrikaner (mentioned above) the breed is very adept to desert conditions and is remarkable for the long seasons it can survive with little or no water. The Ronderib Afrikaners show further characteristics of desert animals in that, similar to the gemsbok, their heels are close together. The aim of the old Ronderib breeders was to develop sheep with shiny coats suitable for making of skin blankets.

References

Further reading
 History and Origin of the Ronderib and Namaqua Afrikaner Sheep H. Epstein, 1960

Sheep breeds originating in South Africa


Rusev may not be the best in-ring worker, but he is very agile for being a big man and is solid enough to the point where he can hold his own against his opponents. Kingston carried him to a good matchup that was given good time but not too much, either. It is rare for a Superstar from the main roster to come down to NXT and do a job for someone else, so props for Kingston to doing so. He is a notable name that can lose to a rookie, give them a big victory, and not lose anything in defeat. It isn't hard to see why officials are high on Rusev and I wouldn't doubt seeing him on the main shows by the end of the year.
The commentators did a nice job of mentioning how both lovely ladies are from the Calgary area and have a lot in common. I expected a great match out of them, and while it was a nice match while it lasted, it definitely could have gone on a lot longer. Thus, I was mildly disappointed with this bout, but they made the most out of the time they were given. This match might not have been a letdown had Natalya not contested an excellent contest with Paige a few weeks ago. Now the official build for the Paige vs. Emma title match begins.
I am not usually a fan of sing- or dance-offs, but this one was relatively harmless. English has an entertaining act and Cassady is starting to grown into his own without having Enzo Amore around. The two make a great team, don't get me wrong, but it is important for him to survive alone while Enzo is out with an injury. The post-match attack with English ambushing Cassady indicated that a match between the two is imminent (potentially next week), which is good to see since English was in desperate need of a program.
It is hard to believe that it has almost been three years since Ryan debuted on Monday Night Raw alongside CM Punk. All these years later and he still hasn't improved all that much, which is a shame since he has such an impressive physique. The match was pretty basic, but at least it ended with Breeze picking up the victory. I was surprised not to see Adrian Neville make an appearance and attack Breeze after he cost him the NXT Championship two weeks ago. That being said, Breeze needs credible victories if he will be feuding with Neville in the near future.
We have seen a handful of these matches in recent months, and the prior two (Zayn vs. Cesaro and Graves vs. Neville) were noticeably better than this one. These two have had a good feud over the last month, but I don't think it was in need of such a stipulation just yet. Nonetheless, they had a fun matchup that consisted of several cool spots that the Full Sail crowd awoke for, as they didn't buy into many of Kruger's near-falls for some reason. The commentators made mention of how resilient Zayn was and that he wouldn't give up, which was essentially the story told in this bout. Not often do you see this kind of match end in two straight falls, especially with the babyface going over, but it breaks away from the predictable formula and gives Zayn a huge momentum boost. I don't know if this will trigger the character change in Kruger that has been rumored for quite some time now, but only time will tell.
With the last two episodes of NXT being very good, this show was somewhat of a step down. It wasn't bad by any means, but it simply wasn't as spectacular as NXT's 200th episode or its recap show on Christmas. However, this episode was solid as a whole and furthered (or started) a number of programs. It was a nice first show of 2014 and I look forward to what else unfolds in coming weeks.


text:
The Nordic Society for Phenomenology
Earlier programs
Call for Abstracts, NoSP 2023
SENSORY METHODOLOGIES
Call for Papers for the nineteenth annual conference of the Nordic Society for Phenomenology (NoSP), University of Iceland and Iceland University of the Arts, April 27th–29th 2023.
Confirmed keynote speakers: Claire Petitmengin (Professor Emerita at the Institut Mines-Télécom and member of the Archives Husserl, École Normale Supérieure), Dermot Moran (Joseph Chair in Catholic Philosophy at Boston College and visiting professor at the University College Dublin) and Donata Schoeller (Guest Professor at the University of Iceland and senior lecturer at the University of Koblenz).
We hereby invite abstracts for papers in phenomenology and related areas of philosophy, such as critical theory, feminist/queer philosophy, and the post-Kantian tradition widely conceived. We welcome proposals for individual papers from senior researchers as well as from graduate students. We also welcome proposals for art works, workshops or any other mediums for sharing philosophical and phenomenological explorations. Proposals for joint panels on current topics or recently published books will also be considered. All proposals will be evaluated by the society board through a blind review process.
The proposals should be prepared for blind review and prepared in the following manner:
A) Proposals for individual papers should consist of two separate documents containing the following:
The title and the abstract (maximum 300 words) of your presentation. The abstract should give a general outline of the proposed talk/other mediation, making clear what contribution it will make to existing research.
A separate cover letter including the following information: title of presentation; name, affiliation and contact information.
B) Proposals for joint panels (one individual sends the proposal on behalf of all the participants) should consist of two separate documents containing the following:
The title and a short description of the topic of the panel; and an abstract from each of the participants (maximum 300 words each).
A separate cover letter including the following information: the title of the panel; names and affiliations of all the participants; contact information of the individual in charge of the panel.
To submit a proposal, send the documents as email attachments to the following address: nosp2023@lhi.is. Please ensure that the subject line of the email reads: NoSP 2023 Proposal. Deadline for submission is: January 5th, 2023. Decisions will be communicated by the latest at the end of January 2023.
Note that you must be a member of the society in order to have your proposal considered. If you are not already a member, please send an email with brief information about your affiliation to Søren Overgaard (e-mail: s.overgaard@hum.ku.dk). Membership is free of charge.
Should you have any questions, please contact nosp2023@lhi.is.
Organizing committee: Guðbjörg R. Jóhannesdóttir, Björn Þorsteinsson, Sigríður Þorgeirsdóttir, Marianne Klinke and Gústav Adolf Bergmann Sigurbjörnsson.
NoSP 2022 Final Programme
We're pleased to announce that the final programme of NoSP 2022 is now ready.
nosp2022-program-finalDownload
Preliminary Programme, NoSP 2022
A preliminary programme for this year's annual conference is now ready. You can find it here:
https://wordpress.com/page/nordicsocietyforphenomenology.wordpress.com/200
NoSP 2022 Decisions
Everyone who has submitted an abstract/panel proposal for NoSP 2022 should now have received a decision letter. Do note that in some cases, these may end up in junk or spam folders.
/SO
POLITICS OF LIFE AND DEATH
Call for Papers for eighteenth annual conference of the Nordic Society for Phenomenology (NoSP), Södertörn University, 21–23 April 2022.
Confirmed keynote speakers: Divya Dwivedi (Indian Institute of Technology), Sophie Loidolt (Technische Universität Darmstadt), Ingvild Torsen (University of Oslo) and Gert-Jan van der Heiden (Radboud University).
Confirmed participating Nordic senior scholars: Susanna Lindberg, Søren Overgaard and Björn Thorsteinsson
We hereby invite abstracts for papers in phenomenology and related areas of philosophy, such as critical theory, feminist philosophy, and the post-Kantian tradition widely conceived. We welcome proposals for individual papers from senior researchers as well as from graduate students. Proposals for joint panels on current topics or recently published books will also be considered. All proposals will be evaluated by the society board through a blind review process.
The title and the abstract (maximum 300 words) of your presentation. The abstract should give a general outline of the proposed talk, making clear what contribution the talk will make to existing research.
To submit a proposal, send the documents as email attachments to the following address: nosp2022@sh.se. Please ensure that the subject line of the email reads: NoSP 2022 Proposal. Deadline for submission is: 3 January, 2022. Decisions will be communicated by the latest at the end January 2022.
Should you have any questions, please contact nosp2022@sh.se
Organizing committee: Ulrika Björk, Hans Ruin, Marcia Sá Cavalcante Schuback, Johan Sehlberg, Nicholas Smith and Charlotta Weigelt
Call for Abstracts, NoSP 2020: PHENOMENOLOGY OF NORMS, RULES, AND LAW
We are happy to announce the call for papers for the 18th annual Conference of the Nordic Society for Phenomenology, entitled "PHENOMENOLOGY OF NORMS, RULES, AND LAW". It will take place at the University of Helsinki, 23-25 April, 2020.
The deadline for submission is 16 December, 2019.
You can find all relevant information here: https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/society-economy/cfp-phenomenology-of-norms-rules-and-law-nosp-2020
Søren Overgaard
NoSP 2020 in Helsinki
We're happy to announce that NoSP 2020 will take place at Helsinki University, on the 23rd to 25th of April. The title of the conference is Phenomenology of Norms, Rules and Law, but as always, we will accept abstracts within all areas of phenomenology, broadly construed. A call for abstracts, which will include more information about this event, will be posted in the very near future.
NoSP 2019 — Preliminary Programme
A preliminary programme of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Nordic Society for Phenomenology is now available at the conference website: https://cfs.ku.dk/calendar-main/2019/nosp2019/
CFP, NoSP2019: "PHENOMENOLOGY OF SOCIAL LIFE"
We are happy to announce the call for papers for the 17th annual Conference of the Nordic Society for Phenomenology, entitled "PHENOMENOLOGY OF SOCIAL LIFE". It will take place at the University of Copenhagen, 25-27 April, 2019.
You can find the relevant information here: https://nordicsocietyforphenomenology.wordpress.com/2018/08/27/cfp-nosp2019/call-for-papers/
NoSP 2018 Programme: "Phenomenology of Solidarity: Community, Practice, and Politics"
We are excited to share with you the programme, travel/accommodation recommendations, and poster (seen above) for the upcoming annual meeting, NoSP 2018: "Phenomenology of Solidarity: Community, Practice, and Politics". This year's conference will take place in Gdansk, Poland, on April 19, 20, and 21. It promises to be a fruitful gathering of minds.
You will find the programme here: NoSP_2018_PROGRAMME
Information concerning some travel and accommodation options can be found here: NoSP_2018_travel_and_accomodation
If you have any questions about attendance or the conference at large, please do not hesitate to contact the organisers at: nosp.2018@gmail.com


ProgeSOFT uses IntelliCAD Co-op as a foundation for progeCAD, its leading, low cost 2D/3D CAD engine.
ProgeSOFT produces progeCAD, the leader in low-cost 2D/3D CAD technology. ProgeSOFT serves their customers' needs through products, services and solutions that deliver long-term benefits and meet the highest standards of quality, reliability and flexibility. ProgeSOFT works closely with customers to create integrated solutions that provide competitive strength at an affordable price.
ProgeSOFT is dedicated to providing engineers, designers and other creative professionals the tools they need to design the world's greatest products. progeCAD is used all over the world; in over 70 different countries, translated into 13 different languages and used by companies such as ABB Group, Boeing, Gazprom, BTicino, Campari, Colgate Palmolive, Nestlé, Rio Tinto, Nokia, Honda, GeWiss, Grand Bahama Shipyard, Nasa, BBC, Luxottica, Pirelli, RedBull, Schneider Electric.
ProgeSOFT is one of the founding members of the IntelliCAD Technology Consortium, placing trust in the project from the very beginning. ProgeSOFT has been developing and marketing CAD solutions for more than 25 years. The company's current flagship product is progeCAD Professional, a 2D/3D .dwg compatible CAD package with consistently updated features and tools offered to customers. Hundreds of thousands of designers, engineers and architects, and small companies and industrial groups, have chosen progeCAD, the versatile, reliable and stable design tool.
Native .dwg file support is one of the key features that enabled progeCAD to evolve into a complete and highly competitive CAD package on the market. The IntelliCAD engine and the progeCAD platform, thanks to the shared source code policy, generates numerous benefits in terms of software innovation, speed and performance. The powerful platform allows the company to concentrate on the users' requirements and develop and integrate ad hoc tools. For example, one ad hoc tools is EasyArch 3D, the 2D/3D parametric plug-in, facilitating the design of buildings and interior layouts and furnishings. Quick revision and project creation are of vital importance nowadays and these processes are made easier with the PDF Import feature; the integrated converter allows users to convert .pdf vector files into .dwg/.dxf editable drawings. Lines, forms and text imported from a .pdf file can be modified in progeCAD like any native CAD drawing object.
"To join IntelliCAD was a hazardous, fascinating and rewarding experience, all at the same time for our company. IntelliCAD gave us an excellent CAD product, and after having put the finishing touches to it, we brought progeCAD to the cutting edge of low-cost CAD technology."
The ITC and ProgeSOFT collaborate to create a powerful CAD program. ProgeSOFT appreciates the open nature of the ITC organization, its clear structure and continuous support. This cooperation let ProgeSOFT create a solid globally-known CAD brand name: progeCAD.
"We came to a decision to take part in the ITC and to embark on an intensive collaboration with the consortium in the natural course of events; it was in line with our philosophy to supply design professionals with independent CAD solutions distinguished by high quality and innovation. Taking advantage of the collaborative efforts of the ITC development team and different consortium members, we are able to focus on the development of specific functionalities and software localization for various global markets."


text:
Brazil, evidence
Post-filing experimental evidence: how to obtain patents in Brazil?
Roberto Rodrigues Pinho, Fernanda Pimentel, Rafaella Oliveira (Licks Attorneys)/ June 15, 2022 June 15, 2022
The Brazilian Patent Office (BRPTO) is improving its examination procedure, trying to reduce the backlog. As more decisions are issued, we are learning about the approach of the examiners to different topics in patent law. An ongoing hot topic is whether the examiners are accepting post-filing experimental evidence during patent examination. The Metallurgy and Material…
evidence, France, Procedure, Trade secrets
Saisies-contrefaçons and trade secrets: developments in France since the 2018 reform
Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon)/ May 7, 2022 May 7, 2022
The transposition of the 2016 directive on trade secrets into French law by the law of 31 July 2018 and its implementing decree could have led to the expectation of difficulties with the so-called "saisies-contrefaçons". The main one to remember is undoubtedly the application of the new article R. 153-1 of French Commercial Code to…
Case Law, Covid-19, Damages, Electrical Engineering, Enforcement, evidence, Infringement, Inventive step, Kluwer Patent Cases, Legal costs, Litigation, Patents, Procedure, United Kingdom
Meade J finds Interface Circuit patent invalid – reminding parties not to be resistant during the pre-action stage
Brian Cordery, Emma Irwin (Bristows)/ June 23, 2021 June 23, 2021 /8 Comments
As many readers will already know, two new full-time Patents Judges have been appointed to the English Court in the last 9 months – Meade and Mellor JJ. Despite the challenges that the global pandemic has brought, the English Patents Court has coped remarkably well and there has been no let-up in the progress of…
Case Law, evidence, France, IP Management, Litigation, Patents, Procedure
Cross-Examination of French Judges (Interview Part I: National Introspection)
Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon)/ March 8, 2021 March 8, 2021
It's an understatement to say that it's not always very easy to be a French patent litigator in a transnational litigation, in any case a good dose of humor is needed: how many jokes have I heard about our jurisdictional system? Then you have to accept that France is almost systematically considered as the territory…
Case Law, evidence, France, Infringement, Injunction, IP Management, Litigation, Patents, Procedure
Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon)/ March 8, 2021 April 7, 2021
It's an understatement to say that it's not easy to be a French patent litigator in transnational litigation, in any case a good dose of humor is needed: how many jokes have I heard about our jurisdictional system? Then you have to accept that France is almost systematically considered as the territory at the bottom…
(Indirect) infringement, Case Law, Equivalents, evidence, Kluwer Patent Cases, Legislation, Litigation, Patents, Pharma, Pharmaceutical patent, Prior art, Procedure, Scope of protection, Sufficiency of disclosure, United Kingdom, Validity
Illumina illuminated in the twilight of Birss J's Patents Court career – Part II
Nicholas Round (Bristows)/ February 8, 2021 February 8, 2021 /1 Comment
As reported in last week's post, on 20 January 2021 Birss J handed down what may be his last first instance decision before his elevation to the Court of Appeal. The first post on the judgment considered the issues of identifying the skilled person, insufficiency and infringement. This second part considers the decision relating to…
Illumina illuminated in the twilight of Birss J's Patents Court career – part I
Nicholas Round (Bristows)/ January 29, 2021 March 1, 2021 /1 Comment
On 20 January 2021 Birss J handed down what may be his last first instance decision before he takes his place in the Court of Appeal. If that turns out to the case then Illumina Cambridge Limited v Latvia MGI Tech SIA and others is a substantial judgment to mark this departure. In this case…
Case Law, evidence, France, Litigation, Patents, Procedure
An occasion to seize!
As winter sales have just started in France, it is an ideal moment to mention an occasion to seize in Patent Law: the important judgment regarding the saisie-contrefaçon rendered by the Paris Court of Appeal on November 6, 2020 in the Manitou case. The Manitou case is well known to followers of French case law:…
Case Law, evidence, Exceptions to patentability, France, Litigation, Novelty, Patents, Validity
Kit Crack Commandments
After having us recently hummed the Beatles' Ob-La-Di Ob-La-Da song with the TRUVADA case (see here), French case law is now flirting with New York gangs with a decision about a "Kit Crack" (not to be confused with the "Kit Kat"), reminding us the Notorious Big's Ten Crack Commandments rap (listen here). In short: a new opportunity for…
Enforcement, evidence, Inventive step, Litigation, Novelty, Patents, Pharma, Pharmaceutical patent, Plausibility, Prior art, Revocation, Second Medical Use, Sufficiency of disclosure, United Kingdom, Validity
Neurim and Flynn v Mylan – A case put to bed?
Amy Cullen, Chloe Dickson (Bristows)/ December 11, 2020 December 14, 2020
On 4 December 2020, the English Patents Court handed down its decision in Neurim Pharmaceuticals (1991) Limited & Flynn Pharma Limited v Generics UK Limited (t/a Mylan) & Mylan UK Healthcare Limited, the main action proceedings regarding Neurim's patent for Circadin™, EP 1 441 702 ("EP 702"). The judgment is available here. Many readers will…


text:
Because Democracy is More than Elections
100 Books on Democracy
Democracy Paradox Podcast
Chantal Mouffe – On the Political
Condescension toward political polarization begins from a position of privilege. It requires an expectation of inclusion within the political process. Elites assume polarization is a problem with a simple cure. But the reality is it is a symptom of deeper systemic problems without simple solutions. Polarization is a manifestation of the politics of exclusion. It emerges when the inclusion of some is predicated on the exclusion of others. Democracy is fundamentally a politics of inclusion. Polarization wears away at the foundations of democracy because its root cause is a demand for the exclusion of some from the political process. Its root cause is an undemocratic element in society.
Populism exacerbates the problems of polarization. Fundamentally, it is a politics of inclusion based on the exclusion of others. Some theorists have imagined populism to have some basis in majority rule, but this assumption has been proven false time and time again. Populists do not care if they are a minority. Donald Trump has not called for the abolition of the electoral college. And Viktor Orbán has not made the Hungarian Constitution more majoritarian. He has ossified his policies through the expansion of cardinal laws. Populists believe they have been the victims of democratic exclusion. Their solution is to silence others to ensure their opinions are heard. Their antagonism can become directed toward immigrants, racial or religious minorities, or elites. It does not matter whom their opponents are. But there is a fundamental belief their inclusion depends upon the exclusion of someone else.
Polarization is independent of populism. But there is a relationship. The character of polarization in a populist environment brings out its worst elements. It becomes far more intense because the stakes are raised on both sides of the political debate. Populists believe their concerns will remain unmet so long as some groups remain part of the political process. Those targeted become radicalized because their political rights are at stake. It is tempting for those whose rights are not in jeopardy to deescalate tensions through the accommodation or amelioration of their agenda with their opponents. But this means the sacrifice of the political or civil rights of the most vulnerable members of their coalition.
The decades which followed the Civil War demonstrate an extreme example. White southerners saw their political influence threatened so long as African Americans remained part of the body politic. African Americans rightfully felt their political rights were threatened. The Republican Party fought to protect these rights under the Presidency of Grant, but gradually distanced themselves from this position to reconcile with White Southerners. Frederick Douglass remained committed to the Republican Party but notes some former slaves had already begun to depart for the Democrats before the twentieth century because the Republicans had done so little for their cause. Suzanne Mettler and Robert Lieberman give the best account of how the Republicans finally abandoned African Americans in the South after the white supremacist insurrection in Wilmington, North Carolina in 1898.
The intense polarization of the nineteenth century was ended through the accommodation of white supremacists and the abandonment of African Americans. Democracy was not reinforced through a reduction of polarization. The decline in polarization was brought about through a decline in democracy itself. Ironically, civil and political rights were regained by African Americans through the exact political strategy Frederick Douglass opposed. It was the growing political base of African Americans through Northern migration which gave them influence in politics. Moreover, it was their allegiance to the Democratic Party rather than the Republicans. Finally, it was the ambitions of a Southern politician who needed the support of Northern liberals who made it a reality.
I view Chantal Mouffe as a defender of polarization. Her concept of agonism is central to her sense of democracy. An opposition is necessary for democratic governance. Politics, for Mouffe, involves winners and losers. It involves moral choices where values and priorities are expressed. She denies the neoliberal premise of win/win opportunities where political consensus is achieved without substantial tradeoffs. She denies the desirability of American hegemonic power. She writes, "The dangers entailed by the current unipolar order can be avoided only by the implementation of a multipolar world, with an equilibrium among several regional poles allowing for a plurality of hegemonic powers. This is the only way to avoid the hegemony of one single hyperpower." Mouffe makes not so subtle references to Huntington's concept of a Clash of Civilizations. This reference is somewhat surprising, but significantly less so because Mouffe has established a reputation of using conservative ideas as a foundation for her theory of radical democracy.
There is an implicit assumption in the theory of radical democracy. It assumes the hegemony of liberal democratic values. There is no sense of the vulnerability of democratic governance. Indeed, she recognizes a difference between agonism and antagonism. Agonism recognizes political opponents while antagonism recognizes political enemies. She understands "democratic politics cannot take the form of a friend/enemy confrontation without leading to the destruction of the political association." But there is no indication of how a democracy must handle those who do view their opponents as enemies. There is an obliviousness of what a multipolar world means. The decline of American Hegemony has given space for the influence of authoritarian nations such as Russia and China. It has not brought about an intensification of democratic ideals.
And yet, I have begun to come around to the need for "the idea of democracy to be radicalized." There is an elitist interpretation that polarization is simply an intolerance of ideas. This account implies the solution is for both sides to become more tolerant. But this approach allows for a false equivalence. Compromise is not democratic when it requires the political exclusion of others. Compromise with Nazism or White Supremacy can never be declared democratic. Indeed, something more than liberal rights is at stake in these moments. Mouffe says, "The cosmopolitical approach puts more emphasis on the legitimating function of human rights than on their democratic exercise." People deserve more than inclusive participation. They deserve inclusive governance.
But I fall somewhat short of Mouffe in her idealism of agonism. I do believe compromises are possible. I agree it is necessary to have a pluralism of ideas and interests represented. But I do not believe compromises are impossible. It is possible for people to listen to one another. And policies and laws can reflect concerns and ideas from multiple interests. But this depends on a moral sense of duty and obligation to democratic principles. It depends on a fundamental commitment to inclusive participation and governance. It depends on a willingness to accept the entire political community. Polarization is too often based on a foundation of undemocratic tendencies. The solution is not to accommodate these tendencies through the exclusion of those most vulnerable. It is unconscionable to compromise away democracy itself.
jmk, carmel, indiana, democracyparadoxblog@gmail.com
Follow me on Twitter @Demparadox
Chantal Mouffe, Democracy Theory, Early 2000s, Philosophy, Political Theory
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2019 Books 2020 Books 2021 Books 2022 Books American Politics Authoritarianism Comparative Politics Democracy Theory Democratic Breakdown Democratization Elections History International Relations Latin America Liberalism Philosophy Political Theory Populism Russia Ukraine


No one underestimates the power of social media and content that took "2" years to get noticed is going viral within minutes. Platforms like Facebook.com and Twitter.com are cashing in on their success with growing numbers of users each year. However, it's not only them who can cash in on the success because bloggers can do the very same. The concept is slightly different, but, if approached the right way, can be awesome for traffic and ROI. In this series, I've been discussing the rules when accepting guest posts, so far covering rules like owning the content and author credibility. Here is another awesome rule I personally believe should be a MUST for all of you bloggers looking to accept guest posts going forward.
Not everyone submitting guest posts is going to be a beginner so you'll have the opportunity to accept posts from those with credibility. These bloggers will have a social presence and it's your duty to take the initiative to capitalize on their status. Utilizing others' social profile is a strategy I learned from blogging jobs posted online. I noticed many of them required content writers, but having over 5,000+ followers was a Prerequisite. Even though the concept made complete sense, I personally didn't start utilizing it within my strategy until months later. Here's the reason this "RULE" is so important when accepting guest posts.
First, it's a great way to get extra exposure to your content because NOT only will it be shared on your social profile, but on the author's as well. If they have 5,000+ followers, then this can generate enormous buzz quickly across several different platforms. As a matter of fact, one of my guest authors had a partnership with other social accounts and was able to share content across 100,000 followers once they got published. This was awesome not only for generating traffic to my blog, but loyalty, too. On the day the guest posts went live, I received 50 subscribers directly from the page, which I was able to track by adding a unique capture form. It was awesome!
Through their own social profile, which, in this case, had 50,000 followers, the viral buzz was enormous and overall success was amazing in terms of return visitors, etc.
To implement this strategy when accepting guest posts, you have to have a clear indication within your writing guidelines. It's as simple as stating your prerequisites for submitting a post and a simple line stating: "Authors must have a large social profile…" If you're worried this will throw people off from submitting posts, then think again. If you're a credible blogger with enormous pull in your niche, you'll be surprised how many people are more than willing to accept your terms.


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For Sale: Sea Ranch Founders' Modernist…
Curious Cribs: This Isle Au Haut Lighthouse Cottage Will Light Your Real Estate Fire
By Mae Hamilton
Mae Hamilton
Editorial Assitant
More Stories by Mae
'Brady Bunch' Star Eve Plumb Lists Manhattan Condo
'S.W.A.T.' Star Lina Esco Buys Updated Midcentury Cottage on L.A.'s Eastside
'Avatar' Star Sam Worthington Gets $8.2 Million for Polished Sunset Strip Mansion
April 6, 2021 3:40 pm PT
Plus Icon Location Isle Au Haut, Maine
Plus Icon Price $1.975 million
Plus Icon Lot Size 2 acres
Ahoy, aspiring wickies and all landlubbers who have ever dreamed about owning a remote lighthouse keeper's cottage in the wilds of Maine! A rare opportunity to buy an idyllic spread on the rugged and remote coast of Isle Au Haut has recently popped up for sale with a sea-soaked $1.975 million price tag.
Located on the northwestern area of the island, the home in question is sited on two gentle acres of prime beachfront Maine land near Penobscot Bay. Isle Au Haut is only accessible from the mainland via a year-round ferry that operates from the tiny town of Stonington, and according to the 2010 census, the island's titular town has a population of just 71 people. In other words, it's quite far off the beaten track! Because of its remoteness, the island was only just connected to electricity in 1977 and received telephone service in 1980, so the property would be perfect for someone looking for a harmonious combination of solitude and stunning surroundings. Thankfully the estate is entirely self-sufficient — it's powered by photovoltaics and gets fresh water from the ocean via a reverse osmosis system.
Previously, the lighthouse keeper's cottage was used as an inn, so if a new owner is looking to share Maine's beauty with some paying guests, that's within the cards. However, it should be noted that the home does not have central heat so it would ideally be used as a summer residence. In addition to the four-bedroom main house, the roomy two-acre lot also offers a two-bedroom guesthouse, two sleeping cabins, a boathouse, a deep-water dock and … an outhouse! Though presumably (and hopefully) the outhouse is more of a novelty than a necessity.
The listing is held by Jamie O'Keefe of the Knowles Company.
John Travolta Lists Hotel-Sized Maine Getaway
Feb 18, 2021 4:01 pm PT
Where the Magic Happens: Inside Writers' Homes
Apr 19, 2020 10:15 pm PT
Five Successful Writers And Their Homes
For Sale: Sea Ranch Founders' Modernist Home, With Epic Coastal Views
Norney Grange: A Dreamy Arts and Crafts House by C.F.A. Voysey
For $8.9 Million, This Strikingly Minimalist Amagansett Compound Epitomizes the Modern Hamptons Lifestyle


Are your travelers tired of waiting at passenger pick-up for a surcharged ride share? Be the boss of your business travel program and enable Deem Ground Work.
It's time for their ride to wait for them.
With Deem Ground Work your travelers can schedule chauffeured transportation beforehand so by the time the airplane hits the runway and they have their bags, their ride is patiently waiting for them.
Current customers can sign in to their reporting dashboard here.
Ready to enable Car Service?


Your house will smell amazing when these cannabis-infused nuts and spices are in the oven, sending notes of delicious goodness through the air. This combination of nuts and spices combines the heart-healthy fats from the nuts and the wondrous health properties of the turmeric and ginger. Feel free to vary the spices to suit your taste, or try my Latin-spiced variation below. Make several batches for yourself or for gifts. They keep well when stored properly in an airtight container.
My company, Laurie and Mary Jane, won first prize at The Dope Cup in 2015 for our savory nuts. This version, with spices from India, is also quite a crowd pleaser. And, if you are not interested in infusing the recipe, it certainly will provide you with a terrific, after pre-roll snack.
3 tablespoons (about 45 milliliters) canna-canola oil, canna-coconut oil or cannabutter from recipe.
Heat oven to 300 degrees F. (about 150 degrees Celsius).
On a baking sheet with sides, combine all of the ingredients, mixing well to ensure even distribution.
Bake for 20-25 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Allow the nuts to cool completely.
Store in an airtight container. They will stay fresh from four to six weeks, but these tend to disappear much faster.
To make your own canna-canola oil, follow the same procedure as in my cannabutter recipe, but use an equivalent amount of canola oil.
Need more help? Don't forget to decarboxylate your cannabis for the cannabutter or canna-canola oil. For the infused cannabis oil, I provide illustrated instructions on my website, LaurieAndMaryJane.com.
If it's your first time consuming a marijuana-infused edible, a good dosing guideline is to go low and go slow. Start with a low quantity of THC and wait for your body to digest the food. Don't overconsume an edible, and depending on how your body experiences the THC's effects, increase the THC concentration in the future.


Image by Getty Images via Daylife The New York Times is publishing a front page story on John McCain's running mate Sarah Palin. I will include some of the article below and then I will include a rebuttal since the article seems a bit biased to me.
Ms. Palin has many supporters. As a two-term mayor she paved roads and built an ice rink, and as governor she has pushed through higher taxes on the oil companies that dominate one-third of the state's economy. She stirs deep emotions. In Wasilla, many residents display unflagging affection, cheering "our Sarah" and hissing at her critics.
In just the first few paragraphs you have testimony that she was "effective and accessible." So where are we going here? Well, despite the testimony that she was "accessible," others find her "secretive" and inclined to put a premium on "loyalty." The evidence? The Governor's office declined a request for emails that would have cost over $400,000. Proof positive. Oh, and the records sought (about Polar Bears and such) were in fact obtained.
Then there is the " she blurs personal and public behavior" charge. The evidence? A phone call from Todd Palin to a state legislator about the latter's chief of staff, which Palin denies was mentioned. Pretty thin gruel.
Next we have her tenure as mayor, where again all heck breaks loose because — are ya sitting down? — she brought in her own team. No! Unheard of. Jeeez. Next she'll be firing the town museum director. Oh no– it's true! Palin says ("Oh yeah, she says," you can hear the Times reporters hrrumphing) she was cutting the budget.
This is pathetic, really. Is there something illegal here? Is there something nefarious? What is the point?
The next offense: while she was mayor city employees were told not to talk to the press. The horror! Might there have been a procedure, a public affairs or press person for that? We don't know and the Times doesn't tell us.
So Palin talked "about" removing books — but the piece doesn't tell us what was said. And we hear about Palin's distaste for a book about homosexual parenting. Again, is there some story in here? We're up to page three and it hasn't popped out yet.
We then learn that she did take on her own Republican Party and won the election for Governor by, goodness gracious, preparing for debates with notecards. Color-coded no less.
To her supporters — and with an 80 percent approval rating, she has plenty — Ms. Palin has lifted Alaska out of a mire of corruption. She gained the passage of a bill that tightens the rules covering lobbyists. And she rewrote the tax code to capture a greater share of oil and gas sale proceeds.
"Does anybody doubt that she's a tough negotiator?" said State Representative Carl Gatto, Republican of Palmer.
The nerve — hiring trusted people and running a competent, popular administration. So we veer back to "secrecy" –dastardly tales of using a private email account and reliance on a circle of close advisors. Once again, the sheer banality of it all is both numbing and humorous. Surely the Old Grey Lady hasn't devoted all this space for nothing? But that's the conclusion one reaches as we stumble into page five. And that seems to have more of the same — people who didn't get emails returned or thought she was too adversarial, harboring a "siege-like" mentality against her foes.
And if you are looking for any detailed description of any of her accomplishments — presumably the reason for her 80 percent popularity — forget it. No room for that.
No user commented in " New York Times on Sarah Palin: Unfit to Lead "


Civilization: Beyond Earth – Ingame Editor. Sid Meier's Civilization: Beyond Earth is a science-fiction-themed entry into the award-winning Civilization series. Set in the future, global events have destabilized the world leading to a collapse of modern society, a new world order and an uncertain future for humanity. As the human race struggles to recover, the re-developed nations focus their resources on deep space travel to chart a new beginning for mankind. As part of an expedition sent to find a home beyond Earth, you will write the next chapter for humanity as you lead your people into a new frontier and create a new civilization in space. Explore and colonize an alien planet, research new technologies, amass mighty armies, build incredible Wonders and shape the face of your new world. As you embark on your journey you must make critical decisions. From your choice of sponsor and the make-up of your colony, to the ultimate path you choose for your civilization, every decision opens up new possibilities.
An in-game editor to alter the map and many other things on the fly: Edit or paint terrain, features, resources, improvements, etc. Change cities' population, buildings, culture, etc. Spawn new units, remove other ones, for any sponsor. Modify players' energy, culture, relations. Grant or remove techs or virtues. Etc…. Differences from IGE Civ5 / things to note: Affinity level upgrades are permanent! No reset or downgrade. *When unlocking AI affinities the popups will all show up once you switch back to your player. Modifying AI player techs/ affinity/ virtues/ culture/ energy is working now. Units created for other sponsors will not show up untill IGE is exited. Some terrain and other editing (adding miasma over other features) will not show up untill the game is saved and reloaded. (this is still a Civ issue, there is no fix). Right click on tech icons to unlock techs, Shift+Right click to lock them back up. Expand borders on a city will happen on next turn. Orbital, Trade Convoy/Vessel, and Tacjets need to be created in cities. Alien civ cannot be taken over, but alien units can be spawned as yours. Ctrl + i to open/ close IGE. Ctrl + Z to undo, ctrl + Y to redo. Works for terrain edition and painting. Ctrl + F5 to save and reload automatically (update terrains graphics and minimap fog). Right-click *IGE* to show an options panel.


text:
Journal Home About Tutorials Issues in Progress Current Issue All Issues Early Posting Feature Issues
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.12.000753
Femtosecond phase spectroscopy by use of frequency-domain interference
Eiji Tokunaga, Akira Terasaki, and Takayoshi Kobayashi
Eiji Tokunaga,1* Akira Terasaki,1† and Takayoshi Kobayashi2
1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan, and Frontier Research Program, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-01, Japan
*Present address, Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Roppongi 7-22-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106, Japan.
†Present address, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
E Tokunaga
A Terasaki
T Kobayashi
Eiji Tokunaga, Akira Terasaki, and Takayoshi Kobayashi, "Femtosecond phase spectroscopy by use of frequency-domain interference," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12, 753-771 (1995)
Absorption spectroscopy
Constructive interference
Optical spectroscopy
Phase measurement
Time resolved spectroscopy
Transient phenomena
Original Manuscript: March 15, 1994
Revised Manuscript: October 17, 1994
Figures (16)
We present the principles, experimental procedures, applications, and theoretical analyses of femtosecond phase spectroscopy, which is complementary to femtosecond absorption spectroscopy. In femtosecond phase spectroscopy difference spectra of both phase and transmission are simultaneously measured with a frequency-domain interferometer, which is only slightly modified from the conventional pump–probe method. Femtosecond time-resolved dispersion relations for CdSxSe1−x-doped glass and CS2 are obtained with transform-limited pulses of 60-fs duration and 620-nm center wavelength. The results are theoretically analyzed and are well reproduced by numerical simulations. Although time-resolved data are not expected to satisfy the Kramers–Kronig (K–K) relations, the degree of discrepancy from the K–K relations is more substantial for CS2 than for CdSxSe1−x-doped glass. These results arise from the difference in the linear susceptibility and in the excited-population dynamics. The conditions for which the K–K relations are applicable to time-resolved spectra are obtained theoretically and verified experimentally. It is shown that induced amplitude and phase modulations of the probe pulses cause a deviation from the K–K relations.
Femtosecond continuum interferometer for transient phase and transmission spectroscopy
E. Tokunaga, A. Terasaki, and T. Kobayashi
Spectral change of femtosecond pulses due to induced amplitude and phase modulations
E. Tokunaga, A. Terasaki, T. Wada, K. Tsunetomo, Y. Osaka, and T. Kobayashi
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10(12) 2364-2370 (1993)
Frequency-domain interferometer for femtosecond time-resolved phase spectroscopy
Using interference in the frequency domain for precise determination of thickness and refractive indices of normal dispersive materials
V. Nirmal Kumar and D. Narayana Rao
Linear techniques of phase measurement by femtosecond spectral interferometry for applications in spectroscopy
L. Lepetit, G. Chériaux, and M. Joffre
Kurt Busch, Editor-in-Chief


Your vision becomes a garden. Oh, nightingale night!
tell him of blushing mysteries.
The cow with her plump, cracked breast – by Rembrandt.
In order to expose the color of that bovine moo.
So that the cow might enter the heavenly Louvre.
along with the cosmic palm.
a chord from the last symphony.
I already know the taste of the snow on Kilomanjaro.
Among people who never died.
Every suckling child is as old as Methuselah.
From the time of the first Flood.
Eternity is his daily bread.
Announces the news: Everyone, I saw the dead!
No tears. Stones fall from the giants eyes instead.
All are clay. No one believes, not one.
— Stranger, my royal treasures are yours, if you will show me!
Abraham Sutzkever was born in 1913 near Vilna, Lithuania (then Poland). His Yiddish poetry consistently engages with the environment and the richness of natural imagery. In fact, his first published piece appeared in the magazine of the Jewish scouting organization, Bin, which encouraged young Polish Jews to experience the great outdoors through hikes and climbs. Even in the Vilna Ghetto, Sutskever found inspiration for his classic apostrophe to God in the "whiteness of [the] stars." These five poems come from Sutskever's later work, when he lived in the new setting of Israel. Here and in his travels around the world, Sutskever still encounters the beauty in nature, which often blends with and even overwhelms the man-made culture: a Rembrandt painting centers on a cow's carcass; Mountain Kilimanjaro smells of challah bread; a piano suddenly transforms into a fly-fish. Sutskever always finds a way to bend the line separating the natural from the cultural.
James Nadel is a senior History major at the University of Michigan. He studies the perception of Jews in late modern Europe, specifically focusing on Spain. He has also spent several years learning Yiddish, and spent a summer working at the National Yiddish Book Center in Amherst, Massachusetts.