text:
New Methods for the P300 Visual Speller
Biessmann, F.
(1), (Editors: Hill, J. ), Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, November 2006 (techreport)
Biessmann, F. New Methods for the P300 Visual Speller (1), (Editors: Hill, J. ), Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, November 2006 (techreport)
Geometric Analysis of Hilbert Schmidt Independence criterion based ICA contrast function
Shen, H., Jegelka, S., Gretton, A.
(PA006080), National ICT Australia, Canberra, Australia, October 2006 (techreport)
Shen, H., Jegelka, S., Gretton, A. Geometric Analysis of Hilbert Schmidt Independence criterion based ICA contrast function (PA006080), National ICT Australia, Canberra, Australia, October 2006 (techreport)
A tutorial on spectral clustering
von Luxburg, U.
(149), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, August 2006 (techreport)
In recent years, spectral clustering has become one of the most popular modern clustering algorithms. It is simple to implement, can be solved efficiently by standard linear algebra software, and very often outperforms traditional clustering algorithms such as the k-means algorithm. Nevertheless, on the first glance spectral clustering looks a bit mysterious, and it is not obvious to see why it works at all and what it really does. This article is a tutorial introduction to spectral clustering. We describe different graph Laplacians and their basic properties, present the most common spectral clustering algorithms, and derive those algorithms from scratch by several different approaches. Advantages and disadvantages of the different spectral clustering algorithms are discussed.
von Luxburg, U. A tutorial on spectral clustering (149), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, August 2006 (techreport)
Towards the Inference of Graphs on Ordered Vertexes
Zien, A., Raetsch, G., Ong, C.
We propose novel methods for machine learning of structured output spaces. Specifically, we consider outputs which are graphs with vertices that have a natural order. We consider the usual adjacency matrix representation of graphs, as well as two other representations for such a graph: (a) decomposing the graph into a set of paths, (b) converting the graph into a single sequence of nodes with labeled edges. For each of the three representations, we propose an encoding and decoding scheme. We also propose an evaluation measure for comparing two graphs.
Zien, A., Raetsch, G., Ong, C. Towards the Inference of Graphs on Ordered Vertexes (150), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, August 2006 (techreport)
Nonnegative Matrix Approximation: Algorithms and Applications
Sra, S., Dhillon, I.
Univ. of Texas, Austin, May 2006 (techreport)
Sra, S., Dhillon, I. Nonnegative Matrix Approximation: Algorithms and Applications Univ. of Texas, Austin, May 2006 (techreport)
An Automated Combination of Sequence Motif Kernels for Predicting Protein Subcellular Localization
(146), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, April 2006 (techreport)
Protein subcellular localization is a crucial ingredient to many important inferences about cellular processes, including prediction of protein function and protein interactions. While many predictive computational tools have been proposed, they tend to have complicated architectures and require many design decisions from the developer. We propose an elegant and fully automated approach to building a prediction system for protein subcellular localization. We propose a new class of protein sequence kernels which considers all motifs including motifs with gaps. This class of kernels allows the inclusion of pairwise amino acid distances into their computation. We further propose a multiclass support vector machine method which directly solves protein subcellular localization without resorting to the common approach of splitting the problem into several binary classification problems. To automatically search over families of possible amino acid motifs, we generalize our method to optimize over multiple kernels at the same time. We compare our automated approach to four other predictors on three different datasets.
Zien, A., Ong, C. An Automated Combination of Sequence Motif Kernels for Predicting Protein Subcellular Localization (146), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, April 2006 (techreport)
Training a Support Vector Machine in the Primal
Chapelle, O.
(147), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, April 2006, The version in the "Large Scale Kernel Machines" book is more up to date. (techreport)
Most literature on Support Vector Machines (SVMs) concentrate on the dual optimization problem. In this paper, we would like to point out that the primal problem can also be solved efficiently, both for linear and non-linear SVMs, and there is no reason for ignoring it. Moreover, from the primal point of view, new families of algorithms for large scale SVM training can be investigated.
Chapelle, O. Training a Support Vector Machine in the Primal (147), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, April 2006, The version in the "Large Scale Kernel Machines" book is more up to date. (techreport)
Cross-Validation Optimization for Structured Hessian Kernel Methods
Seeger, M., Chapelle, O.
Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, February 2006 (techreport)
We address the problem of learning hyperparameters in kernel methods for which the Hessian of the objective is structured. We propose an approximation to the cross-validation log likelihood whose gradient can be computed analytically, solving the hyperparameter learning problem efficiently through nonlinear optimization. Crucially, our learning method is based entirely on matrix-vector multiplication primitives with the kernel matrices and their derivatives, allowing straightforward specialization to new kernels or to large datasets. When applied to the problem of multi-way classification, our method scales linearly in the number of classes and gives rise to state-of-the-art results on a remote imaging task.
Seeger, M., Chapelle, O. Cross-Validation Optimization for Structured Hessian Kernel Methods Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, February 2006 (techreport)
Implicit Wiener Series, Part II: Regularised estimation
Gehler, P., Franz, M.
(148), Max Planck Institute, 2006 (techreport)
Gehler, P., Franz, M. Implicit Wiener Series, Part II: Regularised estimation (148), Max Planck Institute, 2006 (techreport)
Weston, J., Chapelle, O., Elisseeff, A., Schölkopf, B., Vapnik, V. Kernel Dependency Estimation (98), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, August 2002 (techreport)
Global Geometry of SVM Classifiers
Zhou, D., Xiao, B., Zhou, H., Dai, R.
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, June 2002 (techreport)
We construct an geometry framework for any norm Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. Within this framework, separating hyperplanes, dual descriptions and solutions of SVM classifiers are constructed by a purely geometric fashion. In contrast with the optimization theory used in SVM classifiers, we have no complicated computations any more. Each step in our theory is guided by elegant geometric intuitions.
PDF PostScript [BibTex]
Zhou, D., Xiao, B., Zhou, H., Dai, R. Global Geometry of SVM Classifiers Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, June 2002 (techreport)
Computationally Efficient Face Detection
Romdhani, S., Torr, P., Schölkopf, B., Blake, A.
(MSR-TR-2002-69), Microsoft Research, June 2002 (techreport)
Romdhani, S., Torr, P., Schölkopf, B., Blake, A. Computationally Efficient Face Detection (MSR-TR-2002-69), Microsoft Research, June 2002 (techreport)
Kernel-based nonlinear blind source separation
Harmeling, S., Ziehe, A., Kawanabe, M., Müller, K.
EU-Project BLISS, January 2002 (techreport)
GZIP [BibTex]
Harmeling, S., Ziehe, A., Kawanabe, M., Müller, K. Kernel-based nonlinear blind source separation EU-Project BLISS, January 2002 (techreport)
von Luxburg, U., Bousquet, O., Schölkopf, B. A compression approach to support vector model selection (101), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 2002, see more detailed JMLR version (techreport)
Feature Selection and Transduction for Prediction of Molecular Bioactivity for Drug Design
Weston, J., Perez-Cruz, F., Bousquet, O., Chapelle, O., Elisseeff, A., Schölkopf, B.
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics / Biowulf Technologies, 2002 (techreport)
Weston, J., Perez-Cruz, F., Bousquet, O., Chapelle, O., Elisseeff, A., Schölkopf, B. Feature Selection and Transduction for Prediction of Molecular Bioactivity for Drug Design Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics / Biowulf Technologies, 2002 (techreport)
Observations on the Nyström Method for Gaussian Process Prediction
Williams, C., Rasmussen, C., Schwaighofer, A., Tresp, V.
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, 2002 (techreport)
A number of methods for speeding up Gaussian Process (GP) prediction have been proposed, including the Nystr{\"o}m method of Williams and Seeger (2001). In this paper we focus on two issues (1) the relationship of the Nystr{\"o}m method to the Subset of Regressors method (Poggio and Girosi 1990; Luo and Wahba, 1997) and (2) understanding in what circumstances the Nystr{\"o}m approximation would be expected to provide a good approximation to exact GP regression.
Williams, C., Rasmussen, C., Schwaighofer, A., Tresp, V. Observations on the Nyström Method for Gaussian Process Prediction Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, 2002 (techreport)
Homing by parameterized scene matching
Franz, M., Schölkopf, B., Bülthoff, H.
(46), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, Febuary 1997 (techreport)
In visual homing tasks, animals as well as robots can compute their movements from the current view and a snapshot taken at a home position. Solving this problem exactly would require knowledge about the distances to visible landmarks, information, which is not directly available to passive vision systems. We propose a homing scheme that dispenses with accurate distance information by using parameterized disparity fields. These are obtained from an approximation that incorporates prior knowledge about perspective distortions of the visual environment. A mathematical analysis proves that the approximation does not prevent the scheme from approaching the goal with arbitrary accuracy. Mobile robot experiments are used to demonstrate the practical feasibility of the approach.
Franz, M., Schölkopf, B., Bülthoff, H. Homing by parameterized scene matching (46), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, Febuary 1997 (techreport)
A New Method for Constructing Artificial Neural Networks
Vapnik, V., Burges, C., Schölkopf, B.
AT & T Bell Laboratories, 1995 (techreport)
Vapnik, V., Burges, C., Schölkopf, B. A New Method for Constructing Artificial Neural Networks AT & T Bell Laboratories, 1995 (techreport)


Real Estate Partner Darya Shneyder examines a new measure making it easier to challenge NYC property assessments for the Commercial Observer.
Tax Partner Joseph Giampapa was featured in a Crain's New York Business roundtable discussion on ways the TCJA will affect individual and corporate taxpayers in New York.
Watch Michael Hurwitz, Partner in the Real Estate Group at Marks Paneth, as he appears on The Stoler Report to discuss Opportunity Zones.
Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies experienced record-breaking growth in recent years, leaving many investors and their CPAs grappling with uncertainty and surprise during tax season. In this article, Mordecai Lerer examines the tax implications and tax treatment of cryptocurrency.
Watch Abe Schlisselfeld, Co-Partner-in-Charge of the Real Estate Group at Marks Paneth, as he appears on The Stoler Report to discuss Opportunity Zones.
Abe Schlisselfeld, Co-Partner-in-Charge of our Real Estate Group, provided Crain's New York Business with his insights into some the latest trends in the accounting industry.
On Monday, December 31, 2018, the Internal Revenue Service issued Notice 2019-09 offering interim guidance for nonprofit executive compensation under Section 4960 of the Internal Revenue Code, which imposes an excise tax of 21 percent (or current rate) on remuneration in excess of $1 million and any excess parachute payments paid by an applicable tax-exempt organization to a covered employee.
Marks Paneth was recently featured in Crain's New York Business's "Ask the Expert" series. The Q&A with Tax Partner Mordecai Lerer covered tax strategies that business owners should consider as they adjust to changes brought by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and the U.S. Supreme Court's Wayfair decision.
It is very common these days for not-for-profit (NFP) entities to sponsor affordable housing programs for the needs of the low-income community and the constituents the NFP serves. Among the various models of affordable housing programs available, the most common one is the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program, created by the Tax Credit Reform Act of 1986.
This year has marked many substantial changes to tax law and accounting guidance for the nonprofit and government industries. At the same time, technology and operational issues continue to evolve rapidly.


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text:
Major European Insurers Expect France to Shoulder Notre-Dame Rebuilding Cost
April 16, 2019 by Noor Zainab Hussain and Paul Arnold
Major European insurers expect France to bear the bulk of the cost of rebuilding the Notre-Dame Cathedral after a fire tore through the eight-centuries-old Paris landmark on Monday.
The cost of a likely multi-year restoration project could itself take a year to become clear, industry experts said.
"It is really going to be up to the French state and benefactors to help to restore and rebuild this," Robert Read, head of art and private client at Lloyd's of London insurer Hiscox told Reuters, adding it could take up to 20 years to restore the cathedral.
"The scaffolding costs are going to be enormous, actually securing the building is going to be enormous. The cost of renovating the (British) Parliament is a similar sort of number," Read said.
The cost of repairs and upgrades to the neo-Gothic fronted parliament building on the banks of the River Thames has been estimated at up to $8 billion.
French President Emmanuel Macron has said France would launch a fundraising campaign to rebuild Notre-Dame, which ranks among the finest examples of French Gothic cathedral architecture.
Several of France's business elite have already pledged money to help, including a 200 million euros ($226 million)donation from Bernard Arnault and 100 million from Francois Pinault, heads of luxury goods groups LVMH and Kering respectively.
"Rebuilding would be very tricky as some of the craft required to rebuild, the stain-making craft would probably have to be relearnt," Hiscox's Read said.
Reinsurer Swiss Re said works of art in buildings such as the cathedral are generally not insured because they are often priceless. Any art works on loan from third parties would, however, be insured, Read added.
While some of the large paintings at Notre-Dame could not be taken down in time, the mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, said at the scene of the fire that a number of the many artworks in the cathedral had been rescued and were being put in safe storage.
Notre-Dame was in the midst of renovations and industry sources said the contractor would have its own liability policy.
"Typically that would be for tens of millions of euros. But effectively that is going to be a drop in the ocean compared to what the actual cost of restoring the cathedral is," Read said.
"If they are deemed to be liable they would be carrying some cover, but it's not unlimited and it's definitely not going to be enough to rebuild the Cathedral."
($1 = 0.8848 euros) (Additional reporting by Inti Landauro in Paris.)
Copyright 2023 Reuters. Click for restrictions.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


B&B Santa Maria Inn is located in a strategic position for visiting the city of Rome: just a few steps away from Termini railway station; arrival point of all main rail, underground and bus lines, as well as being well connected to Fiumicino and Ciampino airports and the point of departure of most guided tours of Rome and surroundings. The Colosseum is only a 10-minute walk away, as are the Imperial Forum and the Palatine.
The vicinity of the Vittorio Emanuele Metro station (the stop is only about 50 metres from B&B Santa Maria Inn), Termini train station and many other means of transport enable our guests to quickly reach any part of the city. Saint Peter's Basilica and the Vatican Museums are reachable with a 10-minute metro ride. The establishment comprises of 6 rooms with en-suite bathroom.


Improve the visible signs of aging in your face and neck.
Aging of the face is inevitable. As the years go by, the skin on the face and neck begins to loosen. The jaw line softens into jowls and excess tissue forms at the front of the neck. The rhytidectomy, or facelift, could improve your looks and self-confidence. As with all facial plastic surgery, good health and realistic expectations are prerequisites. The goal of the facelift is to improve the overall facial appearance. A facelift cannot stop aging, nor can it turn back the clock. It will not improve fine wrinkles. What it can do is help your face look its best and give you a healthy, more youthful appearance. A facelift is usually performed under general anesthesia, or in some cases, local injections of anesthesia with intravenous sedation can be used.
The neck is addressed initially. Liposuction is used to remove excess fat. If the neck muscle under your chin (platysma) is sagging, it is re-contoured into a more natural position. The facelift incision is begun in the area of the temple hair, just above and in front of the ear, and continues around the lobe, circling the ear, ending in the hairline behind the ear. In all cases, the incision is placed where it will fall in a natural crease of skin for camouflage. For men, the incision is aligned to accommodate the natural beard lines. The skin is raised outward, followed by repositioning and tightening of the underlying muscle and connective tissue. After trimming the excess skin, the incisions are closed with fine sutures and metal clips, and a dressing is placed to protect the entire area. The surgery takes approximately four hours.
Following surgery, an overnight stay in an after care facility is recommended. Alternatively, an overnight nurse at your home may suffice. The dressing is changed the next day and then reapplied for one more day. The fine sutures are removed in approximately one week, and the metal clips are removed in two weeks. Even though most patients experience very little pain after surgery, the surgeon will still prescribe pain medication. Some degree of swelling and bruising is unavoidable, and you may be instructed to use cold compresses to keep swelling to a minimum. A short course of post-operative antibiotics and steroids are given to help prevent infection and excess swelling.
The endoscopic mid-facelift is a procedure that lifts cheeks vertically opposite to the pull of gravity and creates a natural, younger and more rested looking appearance. Unlike other face lifts the endoscopic mid-facelift leaves patients with no visible scars. The endoscopic mid-facelift helps rejuvenate hollow lower eyes, pulls up the corners of the mouth and softens smile lines. In addition this technique has been known to restore fullness in the cheeks while helping to reposition sagging cheek lines. This is an ideal procedure for those in their late 30's to early 60's.
Flat, Sagging and/or Hollow Cheeks.
Deep Smile Lines (nasolabial folds).
Can be in late 30's or early 40's.
Down-turning of the corners of the mouth.
Done under general anesthesia, administered by a board-certified anesthesiologist.
Performed through tiny incisions placed inconspicuously within the hairline of your temple and inside your mouth.
The fat pads of your cheeks are repositioned up and over the cheekbones.
Fat and deeper tissues are elevated to give a more youthful appearance.
Tiny fiberoptic camera (endoscope) visualizes surgical field.
This procedure is frequently performed in conjunction with eyelid surgery, endoscopic browlift or a necklift to achieve optimal results.
The head needs to be elevated for several days following surgery to minimize swelling.
Swelling and bruising subside over a few weeks.
A natural, younger and more rested-looking appearance.
Sagging cheeks are repositioned vertically – opposite to the pull of gravity.
Lower eye hollowness is reduced.
Corner of lips are elevated.


Message. Following recently unannounced new rules weregret we are currently unable to despatch certain items through the post byRoyal Mail. These include Xtracolor and Humbrol enamel paints, Alclad products,liquid glues etc etc. What they regard as inflammables. Many of our orders arehaving these items removed and destroyed and then they are returning the restof the parcel to us.
ParcelForce say they can still accept them for now whichis strange as they are essentially the same firm. Now if you put any of theaffected items into your cart you will not see the cheaper Royal Mail postageoptions. Only the more expensive ParcelForce option will be visible andavailable. Customers who's orders weighed over 2kg will not notice anydifference as these were always sent by ParcelForce. You can remove any ofthese items from your cart to see the Royal Mail postage rates.
Acrylic paints are not affected though they do say wecannot send more than 4 bottles per parcel. 4 x 12ml or 4 x 150ml does not seemto matter so long as it is no more than 4.
This is to the UK AND Overseas.
We do realise that the Royal Mail website says that wecan send enamel paints but as mentioned above they are ripping open the parcelskeeping the paint and returning the rest to us so in affect we cannot despatch.
We do realise that this is all ridiculous and have toldRoyal Mail so.
Always the problem with safety regulations. Rules are made for the protection of us all which give no latitude for interpretation by officials. Immediately there are logical exceptions , however these cannot risk being accommodated by the system at large ( i.e. by poorly educated functionaries) so innocent people are therefore inconvenienced.
Well they should proably use the word "flammables"
instead of "inflammables" to save a bit of confusion.
Having flown Royal Mail 5 nights a month in my 'retirement job', I wonder anything gets anywhere with its contents intact.
Even the speck of lithium? in a life-jacket battery was refused by the dispatcher. It was the same kind as those on board.
How did they know what was in the parcel?
Continuing the saga , this below in from Hannants this morning. It's now apparently due to "the Airlines". So , Internationally, does this apply to any of you others using mail order around the world?
Message. Regarding the problems we are having posting outpaints we are sorry but there is no good news. We have been told that thissituation will not change and has originated from the airlines and also appliesto surface rates as they cannot guarantee the parcel will not go by air at somepoint it it's journey. We cannot send enamel paints and a few other items likeZap glues etc unless it goes by ParcelForce who are more expensive than RoyalMail. We get no pleasure or money from this because it goes to ParcelForce. Ourwebsite has been modified so if you put any items in your cart that Royal Mailwill not take you will only see the ParcelForce rates. We are aware that thereare a few other shops that can still send paints and we have been told they arenot allowed to either and it is only because they have not been spotted yet andover time they will also be stopped. We advise you to buy as much paint as youcan from your local model shop, at shows, my post from anyone who can stillsend it or, of course, from us and have it sent by ParcelForce. Stock up now.We are continuing to look for a firm that will take enamels. If you know anyplease do let us know….
Based upon the battered condition of some of the mail and parcels delivered by Royal Mail, they themselves are nothing better than wild enamals.
I've been involved in shipping small quantities of hazardous materials around for years, and the rules have not changed. Royal Mail have never allowed these items to be shipped (or at least not since the 1980s at least).
All thats happened is that either that Royal Mail have realised what business this paint company is in, or else they have tightened up the security checks.
Either way, all they are doing is abiding by the rules. No hazardous goods by post.
And yes, the risk of them going by air is part of the equation. Dangerous goods - even in limited quantities -have to be packed and labelled in accordance with IATA (or in some cases ICAO) regulations. As aviators you should all be more than aware of that.
GPO are not the only ones that are inconsistent. A while back I sent some soil samples for analysis via a well known parcel company. The most solid box I could find to pack these in was a shotgun cartridge box, which I cut down to size to save weight, and it stood about 3/4 the height of the original.
The local van collected this no problem and took it to their hub. I was then advised that they would not ship this as it was dangerous, despite the fact the the box was obviously second hand (and weighed nowhere near as much as it would have had it really contained ammo) and they could not ship it to a UK location 100 miles away.
Strangely enough, though, they could return it to me in one of their vans!
Slightly amused as their name is that of an explosive!
were the old shipping classification marks still on the box?
or the ammunition hazchem labels?
At last we have somebody who is cogniscent of the the regs ( Milo) .
So how do you ship sealed 10ml containers ( half the size of a cotton reel) of oil based , or acrylic paints, around by air?
Is there a proven threat that quantities of this type and volume are dangerous?


text:
Reflections, Informations, Reviews
Freedom for me and, perhaps, you – but surely not them? Attitudes to new religions in contemporary democracies
Eileen Barker London School of Economics
religion, new religious movements, religious freedom
Throughout history, new religious movements (NRMs) have been treated with suspicion and fear. Although contemporary democracies do not throw members of NRMs to the lions or burn them at the stake, they have ways and means of making it clear that pluralism and freedom of religion have their limits. The limits to pluralism are evident enough in countries such as Saudi Arabia or North Korea that have regimes stipulating that citizens must adhere exclusively to their one and only True religion or ideology. Limitations to pluralism have also been manifest in countries such as Northern Nigeria, Sri Lanka or Myanmar (Burma), where terrorists have used violence to eliminate religions other than their own. Even otherwise peaceful democracies – that have signed the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Convention on Human Rights, and other statements affirming freedom of belief (and non-belief) for all – can discriminate against religions, especially the new religious movements in their midst, and this they do in a variety of ways [Richardson 1994; Lindholm 2004;
Kirkham 2013]. This paper outlines, from the perspective of a sociologist of religion, some of the ways in which such attitudes toward, and treatment of, NRMs can demonstrate more subtle, but nevertheless marked and serious limitations to freedom, even in societies that pride themselves on their progressive and inclusive approach to diversity.
Barker, Eileen (2015). Do What Thou Wilt shall be the Whole of the Law. In: Freedom of Conscience and Religious Freedom, Michaela Moravčíková (ed.). Bratislava: Institute for State-Church Relations.
Barker, Eileen (2008). The Centrality of Religion in Social Life: Essays in Honour of James A. Beckford. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Barker, Eileen (2002). Watching for Violence: A Comparative Analysis of Five Cult-Watching Groups. In: Cults, Religion and Violence, David G. Bromley and J. Gordon Melton (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barker, Eileen (1997). But Who's Going to Win? National and Minority Religions in Post-Communist Society. In: New Religious Phenomena in Central and Eastern Europe, Irena Borowik and Grzegorz Babinski (eds.). Kraków: Nomos, 25-62.
Barker, Eileen (1994). But is it a Genuine Religion? In: Between Sacred and Secular: Research and Theory on Quasi Religion, Arthur L. Greil and Thomas Robbins (eds.), Greenwich CT; London: JAI Press, 97-109.
Barker, Eileen (1989). New Religious Movements: A Practical Introduction. London: HMSO.
Beckford, James A. (1999). The Mass Media and New Religious Movements. In: New Religious Movements: Challenge and Response, Bryan R. Wilson and Jamie Cresswell (ed.). London: Routledge, 103-19.
Charity Commission. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/charity-commission
Chiţimia, Silvia (1995). The New Religious Landscape in Romania. In: New Religions and the New Europe, Robert Towler (ed.). Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 87-98.
European Court of Human Rights. European Convention on Human Rights. Amended. Available at: http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf
Fautré, Willy (2012). Japan: Abduction & Deprivation of Freedom for the Purpose of Religious De-conversion. Brussels: Human Rights Without Frontiers International.
Filatov, Sergei (1999). Sects and New Religious Movements in Post-Soviet Russia. In: Proselytism and Orthodoxy in Russia: The New War for Souls, John Witte Jr. and Michael Bourdeaux (eds.), Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 163-84.
Guyard, Jacques and Alain Gest (1995). Les Sectes en France. Paris: Assemblée Nationale. Available at: http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/rap-enq/r2468.asp
Introvigne, Massimo (2020). If Your Religion is a Xie Jiao, You Go to Jail – But What Is A Xie Jiao? Bitter Winter 11 June.
Joint Public Issues Team. "Westminster Faith Debate: Religion in Public Life". (Accessed 21 February 2015). Available at: http://www.jointpublicissues.org.uk/westminster-faith-debate-religion-in-public-life/
Kirkham, David M. (2013). State Responses to Minority Religions. Aldershot Ashgate.
Kraleva, Milka (2001). The Master Peter Deunov. His Life and Teaching. Sofia: Kibea.
Lheureux, N.L. et al. (2000). Report on Discrimination Against Spiritual and Therapeutical Minorities in France. Paris: Coordination des Associations et Particuliers Pour la Liberté de Conscience.
Lindholm, Tore, Durham, W. Cole and Tahzib-Lie, Bahia G. (2004). Facilitating Freedom of Religion or Belief: A Deskbook. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill.
Loi du 9 décembre 1905 concernant la séparation des Eglises et de l'Etat. Republic of France. Available at:
http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000508749&fastPos=1&fastReqId=1194187241&categorieLien=cid&oldAction=rechTexte
Mission interministérielle de vigilance et de lutte contre les dérives sectaires. Available at: http://www.derives-sectes.gouv.fr/
Palmer, Susan (2011). The New Heretics of France: Minority Religions, la République, and the Government-Sponsored "War on Sects". New York: Oxford University Press.
Patrick, Ted with Dulack, Tom (1976). Let Our Children Go. New York: Ballantine.
Richardson, James T. and Introvigne, Massimo (2007). New Religious Movements, Counter-movements, Moral Panics, and the Media. In: Teaching New Religions, David G. Bromley (ed.). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 91-114.
Richardson, James T. (1994). Regulating Religion: Case Studies from Around the Globe. New York & Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
Shterin, Marat (2012). New Religious Movements in Changing Russia". In: The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements, Olav Hammer and Mikael Rothstein (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 286-302.
Shupe, Anson D. and Bromley, David G. (1994). Anti-Cult Movements in Cross-Cultural Perspective. New York: Garland.
Shupe, Anson D. and Bromley, David G. (1980). The New Vigilantes: Deprogrammers, Anti-Cultists, and the New Religions. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Supreme Court of the Northern Territory of Australia. Ostreicher v Secretary of State for Environment (1978). 1 WLR 810 64.
Eck, Duymaer, Twist, Amanda (2015). Perfect Children: Growing Up on the Religious Fringe. New York: Oxford University Press.
Yang, Fenggang (2006). The Red, Black, and Gray Markets of Religion in China. The Sociological Quarter, 47:93-122.
Zhu, Guobin (2010). Prosecuting "Evil Cults": A Critical Examination of Law Regarding Freedom of Religious Belief in Mainland China. Human Rights Quarterly, 32(3): 471-501.
Westminster Faith Debate: Religion in Public Life. Available at:
http://www.jointpublicissues.org.uk/westminster-faith-debate-religion-in-public-life/


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text:
Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in elderly male patients
Zhong-Hua SUN
Abstract(11067) Cited By ()
Scientific statement of the Chinese Society of Cardiology (CSC) on using of renin angiotensin system blockers in patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19
Ya-Ling HAN, Yu-Ming LI, Chang-Sheng MA
Midventricular Takotsubo syndrome
Konstantinos C Theodoropoulos, Ioannis Felekos, Chris Abell, Nicholas D Palmer, Turab Ali
Kounis syndrome: a clinical entity penetrating from pediatrics to geriatrics
Mattia Giovannini, Ioanna Koniari, Francesca Mori, Silvia Ricci, Luciano De Simone, Silvia Favilli, Sandra Trapani, Giuseppe Indolfi, Nicholas George Kounis, Elio Novembre
What is the cause of the neck hematoma? A rare complication of percutaneous coronary intervention of acute coronary syndrome: a case report
Hua WANG, Zhao-Jun XU, Xiao-Yang ZHOU
Long-term follow-up of antithrombotic management patterns in patients with acute coronary syndrome in China
Xiao-Ning HAN, Shu-Bin QIAO, Jun-Bo GE, Ya-Ling HAN, Ji-Yan CHEN, Zu-Yi YUAN, Bo YU, Jie JIANG, Yong HUO
Objective To describe the long-term antithrombotic management patterns (AMPs) and clinical outcomes of Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods This was an observational, multicenter, longitudinal cohort extension study of Chinese patients who had completed the EPICOR Asia 2-year follow-up study post-hospitalization for an ACS event. Changes in AMP and clinical outcomes for up to 5 years post-ACS event were evaluated. Results Overall, 2334 patients with ACS were enrolled at 49 sites. The mean age was 61.6 years and 76.3% were men. By study end, 2093 patients completed the 3-year follow-up. At baseline (2 years post-ACS event), 72.4% of patents received one antiplatelet (AP) medication, with aspirin being the preferred one. A small proportion of patients (21.5%) was treated with two or more APs (2+ AP), and even fewer patients (6.1%) did not receive any AP medication at baseline. Upon study completion, the proportion of patients without AP therapy increased to 13.6%, while the percentage of patients on one AP and 2+ AP decreased to 69.3% and 17.1%, respectively. Numerically, a higher incidence of clinical events (composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke) was observed for the 2+ AP (13.2%) subgroup than for the no AP (10.5%) and one AP (8.6%) subgroups. Furthermore, the 2+ AP subgroup exhibited the greatest number of bleeding events, outpatient visits, and hospitalization rates. Unlike myocardial infarction or stroke, bleeding events prompted an adjustment in AMP. Conclusion Most patients in China received at least one AP medication up to 5 years after an ACS event.
Sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker of visceral obesity in older primary care patients
Maria Auxiliadora Nogueira Saad, Antonio José Lagoeiro Jorge, Diane Xavier de Ávila, Wolney de Andrade Martins, Márcia Maria Sales dos Santos, Luciana Thurler Tedeschi, Ismar Lima Cavalcanti, Maria Luiza Garcia Rosa, Rubens Antunes da Cruz Filho
Background Longevity, combined with a higher prevalence of obesity, particularly visceral obesity, has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance (IR) is an important link between visceral obesity and cardiovascular diseases. An important association has been found between sagittal abdominal diameter, visceral obesity and IR. The objective of this study is to evaluate sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker of visceral obesity and correlate it with IR in older primary health care patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with 389 patients over 60 years of age (70.6 ± 6.9), of whom 74% were female. Their clinical, anthropometric and metabolic profiles were assessed and their fasting serum insulin level was used to calculate the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Sagittal abdominal diameter was measured in the supine position at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the last rib with abdominal calipers. Results Sagittal abdominal diameter was significantly correlated with anthropometric measures of general and visceral obesity and with HOMA-IR in both genders. There was no change in the association between sagittal abdominal diameter and HOMA-IR after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion It is feasible to use sagittal abdominal diameter in older primary care patients as a tool to evaluate visceral obesity, which is an indicator of cardiovascular risk.
Association of frailty with all-cause mortality and bleeding among elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Prapaipan Putthapiban, Wasawat Vutthikraivit, Pattara Rattanawong, Weera Sukhumthammarat, Napatt Kanjanahattakij, Jakrin Kewcharoen, Aman Amanullah
Background Frailty is a multidimensional syndrome that reflects the physiological reserve of elderly. It is related to unfavorable outcomes in various cardiovascular conditions. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of frailty with all-cause mortality and bleeding after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the elderly. Methods We comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to March 2019. The studies that reported mortality and bleeding in AMI patients who were evaluated and classified by frailty status were included. Data from each study were combined using the random-effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird to calculate hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Twenty-one studies from 2011 to 2019 were included in this meta-analysis involving 143,301 subjects (mean age 75.33-year-old, 60.0% male). Frailty status was evaluated using different methods such as Fried Frailty Index. Frailty was statistically associated with increased early mortality in nine studies (pooled HR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.67-2.56, P I2 = 41.2%) and late mortality in 11 studies (pooled HR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.70-3.11, P I2 = 65.8%). Moreover, frailty was also statistically associated with higher bleeding in 7 studies (pooled HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.12-1.59, P I2 = 4.7%). Conclusion Frailty is strongly and independently associated with bleeding, early and late mortality in elderly with AMI. Frailty assessment should be considered as an additional risk factor and used to guide toward personalized treatment strategies.
Association between serum uric acid level and endothelial dysfunction in elderly individuals with untreated mild hypertension
Guo-Hua ZHU, Xi-Peng SUN, Jing LI, Rong-Kun LIU, Zheng YANG, Qi HUA
Background Endothelial dysfunction is the initial stage in atherosclerotic formation and progression and is associated with high serum uric acid (SUA) level. We hypothesized that reactive hyperemia index (RHI), which reflects endothelial function, is associated with SUA levels in elderly individuals with untreated mild hypertension. Methods We recruited 123 patients ≥ 60 years with untreated mild hypertension. The association between SUA level and RHI was analyzed using univariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to validate the cutoff value of SUA that can be used to predict endothelial dysfunction. Results The serum uric acid level significantly increased in the RHI P = 0.006) and the association was still observed after adjusting for factors, such as age, sex, smoking status, and creatinine level (P = 0.014). In the subgroup analysis, a positive association was observed only in men. In the ROC curve analysis, the optimal cutoff values of SUA for predicting endothelial dysfunction was 293.5 μmol/L in elderly mild hypertension patients and 287.0 μmol/L in men. Conclusion A high SUA level was considered an independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction among elderly individuals, particularly men with untreated mild hypertension.
Ischemia/hypoxia inhibits cardiomyocyte autophagy and promotes apoptosis via the Egr-1/Bim/Beclin-1 pathway
Bo SU, Xian-Tao WANG, Yu-Han SUN, Man-Yun LONG, Jing ZHENG, Wen-Hao WU, Lang LI
Background Myocardial injury caused by microvascular obstruction (MVO) is characterized by persistent ischemia/hypoxia (IH) of cardiomyocytes after microembolization. Autophagy and Egr-1 were closely associated with various cardiovascular diseases, including MVO. Bim and Beclin-1 are the important genes for autophagy and apoptosis. We aimed to explore whether the Egr-1/Bim/Beclin-1 pathway is involved in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in IH-exposed cardiomyocytes. Methods Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes exposed to the IH environment in vitro were transfected with lentivirus expressing Egr-1 or Egr-1 shRNA, or further treated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA). The expressions of autophagy and apoptosis-associated genes were evaluated using RT-qPCR and Western blots assays. Autophagic vacuoles and autophagic flux were detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscope, respectively. Cell injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Results IH exposure elevated Egr-1 and Bim expressions, and decreased Beclin-1 expression in rat cardiomyocytes. Egr-1 overexpression in IH-exposed cardiomyocytes significantly up-regulated the levels of Egr-1 and Bim, and down-regulated the level of Beclin-1. Egr-1 knockdown resulted in down-regulated expressions of Egr-1 and Bim, as well as up-regulated expression of Beclin-1. In addition, Egr-1 knockdown induced autophagy was suppressed by 3-MA treatments. TEM and autophagic flux experiments also confirmed that Egr-1 inhibited autophagy progression in IH-exposed cardiomyocytes. Egr-1 suppression protected cardiomyocytes from IH-induced injury, as evidenced by the positive correlations between Egr-1 expression and LDH leakage or apoptosis index in IH-exposed cardiomyocytes. Conclusions IH-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis are regulated by the Egr-1/Bim/Beclin-1 pathway, which is a potential target for treating cardiomyocyte injury caused by MVO in the IH environment.
Relationship between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and angiographic severity of coronary artery disease
Nadia Bouzidi, Mejdi Ben Messaoud, Faouzi Maatouk, Habib Gamra, Salima Ferchichi
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Cytokines play a potential role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression. We investigated the association between high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and severity of CAD. Methods CAD patients were stratified according to hsCRP cut-off value into high levels hsCRP group (≥ 8.4 mg/L) and low levels hsCRP group (Results The mean age was 60.3 ± 11.0 years. The level of hsCRP was increased and ranged from 0.2 to 1020.0 mg/L. Biochemical risk factors and severity of CAD didn't show significant differences between the two groups. In multivariate linear analysis, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and serum amyloid A (SAA) were predictors of hsCRP. As shown in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis performed in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and compared to myonecrosis biomarkers, hsCRP (area under the curve (AUC): 0.905; 95%CI: 0.844-0.966; P Conclusions HsCRP levels were not associated with the severity of CAD but could be useful in the evaluation of myocardial necrosis in patients with STEMI.


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A team from the 315th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron at Joint Base Charleston deployed to McDill Air Force Base in Florida Wednesday to assist with the continuing efforts to evacuate medical patients from hurricane-ravaged areas in the Caribbean.
For the third year in a row, businesses that cater to visitors along the South Carolina coast are working to salvage the early fall tourist season after a major storm.
The storms keep coming, and the beaches can't catch up.
The Alley, located at 131 Columbus St., is bowling a strike with its efforts to help those in need following the recent natural disasters in the U.S. Virgin Islands.
A twister pulled back part of the roof of the control tower at Joint Base Charleston. Another knocked a home off its pilings on Johns Island.
When Jim Terry bought his 17-year-old house in Mount Pleasant 18 months ago, he learned he would eventually need a new roof.
Even though the South Carolina coast was 200 miles or more from the eye of Tropical Storm Irma, the state's beaches and barrier islands did not escape her wrath.
FOLLY BEACH — Erosion from storms Irma and Matthew has claimed much of the sand from a $30 million beach renourishment project completed three years ago, Mayor Tim Goodwin said.
Chris John didn't ask for the iconic Folly Boat to drift into his backyard and destroy his dock. But it did.
And he doesn't want to keep it.
But who exactly in the community wants to take it back? And who ultimately will decide?
Frustrated West Ashley residents who have experienced repeated flood damage to their homes pressed U.S. Rep. Mark Sanford, Charleston Mayor John Tecklenburg and other elected officials for answers Friday morning.
JOHNS ISLAND - Irma's fury was pouring into the elderly woman's car at an alarming rate.
Days after Tropical Storm Irma ripped across South Carolina, utilities say they're nearly done repairing damage to the state's electric grid.
EDISTO BEACH — After touring the damage left behind by Tropical Storm Irma, Gov. Henry McMaster said Thursday he was glad he had ordered an evacuation for this barrier island.
Far inland from Tropical Storm Irma's surging waves that drew intrepid TV news crews Monday, homeowners in low-lying areas near wetlands and tidal creeks watched the water rise around their homes for at least the third time in as many years.
Tropical Storm Irma did its damage but likely won't rank among the worst storms to smack South Carolina in recent years. Here's a comparison with storms past.
As local tourism officials sent out the message Tuesday that the coast is clear and visitors are welcome to return after Irma swept through on Monday, most of Charleston's tourist attractions remained closed at least until Wednesday.
Fleets of pleasure boats were not cast adrift from floating docks by Tropical Storm Irma, as many were during Hurricane Hugo, but some Charleston-area marinas suffered damage from the storm Monday.
Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor remains filled with 3 feet of water from Tropical Storm Irma's rains and tidal surge, the National Park Service said Tuesday afternoon.
Sandye Williams stood outside and looked at what had become of her home on James Island.
Though drinking water quality never suffered during Hurricane Irma's floods Monday, water utilities dealt with the usual stress of a hurricane's aftermath Tuesday as they returned to business-as-usual and asked for the public's help in small ways moving forward.
Charleston experimental music group tomatoband, featured in our 10 Albums of August article, is hosting a benefit show at 8 p.m. on Saturday at Chico Feo on Folly Beach to raise money for those impacted by Hurricanes Irma and Harvey.
The State Ports Authority, which closed the Port of Charleston on Monday afternoon as Tropical Storm Irma brought wind and rain to the area, resumed normal operations on Tuesday as it prepared for a visit from the largest container ship to call on East Coast seaports.
MOUNT PLEASANT — Most roads that were too flooded to drive on Monday were back to normal in this coastal town Tuesday, but the storm surge from Irma left some properties with flood damage and fallen tree limbs.
Irma claimed the lives of at least four people in South Carolina, state and local officials confirmed Tuesday.
MOUNT PLEASANT — Robyn Berry swung into the passenger seat of a Ford F-150 Lariat bound for Daytona, Fla.
As Sullivan's Island residents began their cleanup Tuesday, it felt like Tropical Storm Irma hand-picked an icon to damage, as if she wanted to make a statement to those who dismissed her westward turn over Florida as good news.
Deputies say someone broke into a West Ashley pawnshop and stole $2,000 worth of jewelry while the Lowcountry dealt with the impacts of Tropical Storm Irma.
EDISTO BEACH — It took Mayor Jane Darby most of Tuesday morning to see how her small island community fared during Tropical Storm Irma, and she was pleased to learn the worst part was that Palmetto Boulevard, the main drag, was covered by a few feet of sand.
Tens of thousands of people across South Carolina were still in the dark Tuesday, and power companies from the Lowcountry to the Upstate were gearing up for a recovery effort expected to take days longer.
Monday, businesses were boarded up all throughout downtown, from the eerie, wind-pummeled ghost town of King Street to the abandoned flooded Charleston City Market. Sandbags and plywood were a common view everywhere you looked.
Sandbags guarded some shop doors, plywood covered retail windows and closed signs greeted customers at several downtown Charleston businesses early Tuesday, but the city's shopping district slowly eased back to its normal bustle after Hurricane Irma's unwelcome arrival a day earlier.
Did a tornado spawned by Irma touch down Monday? That's one question, among many others, meteorologists and survey teams are looking to answer as they visit sites damaged by the storm.
Gov. Henry McMaster said Tuesday that he considered the potential economic impacts of an evacuation when he chose not to order residents to leave downtown Charleston before Tropical Storm Irma surged into the Holy City.
FOLLY BEACH — Erosion from the Irma storm surge is worse than Hurricane Matthew, and officials worry that more could be on the way because of Hurricane Jose.
COLUMBIA — Gov. Henry McMaster lifted mandatory evacuation of eight barrier islands in three counties on Tuesday threatened by storm surge in Tropical Storm Irma.
The city of Charleston deployed three portable drainage pumps Tuesday morning to the most flooded areas downtown, and at least two of them were expected to pump out water well into the night and possibly longer.
Now that Hurricane Irma — downgraded to a tropical storm by the time the system reached the Lowcountry on Monday — has dissipated, the sun made a welcome return Tuesday, looking ahead to mostly sunny rest of the week.
By early Tuesday, Tropical Storm Irma was scheduled to make its way into Alabama and weaken further. By the afternoon, its storm status likely could be revoked. Merely a tropical depression, its track puts the next stop as western Tennessee.
As Irma dies away, hurricane worries don't go with it. Jose is circling around out there and just might come calling. Forecasters are watching a storm in the far Atlantic and by next week could be watching two more.
College of Charleston classes won't resume until Thursday, as the school assesses the damage Tropical Storm Irma brought to its campus.
MOUNT PLEASANT — Wind and rain was whistling through the trees surrounding the Holiday Inn Express on Grands Avenue, but the mix of people in the waiting room regarded the hotel — and the Charleston area — as a refuge Monday morning.
Irma punished parts of South Carolina. Here's the region-by-region impact.
Trees dropped and power lines went down. Bursts of rain fell thick as fog. Wind whipped swirls of water off the roads. The side slap of Irma punished the lower South Carolina coast while leaving the northern coast largely unscathed.
COLUMBIA — As Gov. Henry McMaster told reporters Monday afternoon "there's still a lot of danger out there" with Tropical Storm Irma, crews were cleaning up damage from a large oak tree that crashed into an apartment building that he owns in the city.
Communities in Berkeley and Dorchester counties are reporting some flooding and other issues related to Tropical Storm Irma.
Of all the boats Hurricane Hugo ripped from their moorings almost three decades ago, none inspired passion like the one on the Folly Beach causeway did.
Irma's eye may have not entered the state, but it's massive bands stretching 415 miles from its center plowed through the Charleston area Monday, wreaking havoc with heavy flooding and multiple tornado warnings in parts of the Lowcountry.
As of 6 p.m. Monday, 89 people had found shelter from the storm in a pair of Red Cross-operated county buildings near the Al Cannon Detention Center on Leeds Avenue in North Charleston.
Power went out at about 1 p.m at Folly Beach, and the road to the beach was shut because of flooding.
COLUMBIA — While Tropical Storm Irma continued to weaken and veer away from South Carolina, Gov. Henry McMaster stressed Monday that, "there's still a lot of danger out there."
The Post and Courier put together a resource to help get Charleston, Berkeley and Dorchester counties prepared for the 2018 South Carolina hurricane season.
In this hurricane guide, you will find tips to get organized before a storm hits and what to do if a storm watch or warning is isused.
If a tropical storm or hurricane lands near Charleston or South Carolina, our hurricane preparedness resource has answers to questions on emergency kits, evacuation routes, storm shelters and more.
In the case of a storm, we also have advice for staying connected with what is going on related to a natural disaster that quickly become necessary for communication when disaster strikes.


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Hispanic Television Network
Hispanic Television Network (HTVN) is a defunct family-oriented television network that was once the third-largest Spanish-language network in the United States, after Univision and Telemundo. It was the first network to specifically target Hispanics of Mexican origin, the first Spanish-language network to take advantage of digital technology, and the first Spanish-language network to broadcast over the Internet.
HTVN operated from 2000 through 2003 and at one time could be viewed over-the-air on nearly 70 television stations, on approximately 300 cable systems, and on the Internet. HTVN was owned by Hispanic Television Network, Inc. of Fort Worth, Texas.
Broadcast television network
Hispanic Television Network, Inc. (defunct)
A New Network
HTVN was launched in early 2000 following the creation of Hispanic Television Network, Inc. from the merger of Hispano Television Ventures and American Independent Network, Inc., both of Fort Worth. While the new company owned both HTVN and English-language network American Independent Network, it focused the majority of its attention on HTVN. The network's facilities were all-digital and state-of-the-art.
Early Successes
The new network expanded rapidly, and by March 2000, appeared on 25 television stations, including those in top-10 Hispanic markets Los Angeles, Dallas, Phoenix, San Antonio and Brownsville, Texas.
By June 2000, HTVN had announced deals with Yahoo! to broadcast network programming on the Internet [1], and with Mexinema and Excalibur Media Group [2] to give HTVN the rights to over 500 Mexican-made, Spanish-language movies. It was now on nearly 60 television stations, including full-service flagship station KLDT in the Dallas/Fort Worth area. Including cable coverage, HTVN reached over 20 million homes.
By the end of the year, HTVN had added full-service KJLA in the Los Angeles market and had partnered with Mexican broadcasting giant MVS Television, providing the network access to MVS' state-of-the-art production facilities and talent base, allowing HTVN to produce programming in the United States, which was scarce at that time.
Back to Earth
The rapid growth proved to be costly, however, as HTVN's owners reported a 14,492% increase in expenses from first quarter 1999 to first quarter 2000, no doubt the bulk of it from launching the new network. Furthermore, the network did not produce nearly sufficient revenues to cover expenses and their owners announced a $38 million loss for 2000 against only $620,955 in revenue [3].
By 2002, HTVN had all but abandoned its over-the-air strategy and was turning its attention to mostly cable distribution. Still, the network was not bringing in sufficient revenue to cover its expenses, and despite its owners' attempts to acquire revenue from other sources, they filed for Chapter 11 reorganization in July 2002.
In early 2003, Hispanic Television Network, Inc. sold its cable agreements to Hispanic children's network, ¡Sorpresa! and on July 10, 2003, HTVN formally ceased operations [4].
In 2009 a new (and unrelated) effort toward a nationwide over-the-air Spanish-language network launched, Estrella TV.
Contributing factors to network's demise
Many factors contributed to HTVN's demise, but three major issues stand out:
Overly aggressive growth. HTVN's owners spent tremendous amounts of money to give HTVN maximum coverage and the very best facilities early on. It was a business strategy that was common in the late 1990s and early 2000s and it often proved disastrous, as revenues couldn't catch up with expenses fast enough to allow the company to continue operating.
Too-narrow market focus. HTVN proudly announced that its focus would be on Mexican Hispanics, which are estimated to make up two-thirds of all Hispanics in the United States. However, that strategy reduced the potential market by up to 33% and omitted two of the top three Hispanic television markets in the United States, New York (whose main Hispanic demographic was Puerto Rican) and Miami (predominately of Cuban origin).
Slow economy. HTVN launched at a time when the nation's economy was stumbling and conditions were exacerbated with the September 11, 2001 attacks, which further sent the economy reeling, drying up revenue.
American Independent Network
HITN
The American Independent Network was one of the first major attempts at building a commercial television network consisting of low-powered television stations. Started by Don Shelton, Randy Moseley, and Lynn Synder, it was similar to the older Channel America (and its successor, America One (A1)), and was the foundation for Urban America TV (UATV). In 2000, several stations sold by USA Networks to Univision carried AIN for about a year while Univision got their second network, TeleFutura, ready to launch on the stations. AIN merged with Hispano Television Ventures in early 2000, forming Hispanic Television Network (HTVN). The new company operated both HTVN and AIN, but the majority of the company's attention was focused on HTVN. HTVN went off the air in 2003, and the AIN went off the air at 6am December 3, 2001 and turned into Urban America Television, with most AIN affiliates either going independent or switching to other networks, like A1 or UATV.
Azteca América
Azteca América (Spanish pronunciation: [asˈteka], sometimes shortened to Azteca) is an American Spanish-language free-to-air television network that is owned by HC2 Holdings, which acquired the network from the Azteca International Corporation subsidiary of TV Azteca.Headquartered in the Los Angeles suburb of Glendale, California, the network's programming is aimed at the Hispanic and Latin American communities in the United States and has access to programming from TV Azteca's three television national networks in Mexico, including a library with over 200,000 hours of original programming and news content from local bureaus in 32 Mexican states. Its programming consists of a mix of telenovelas, Liga MX matches, sports, news programming, and reality and variety series.Azteca is available on pay television (primarily carried on dedicated Spanish language programming tiers, except in some markets with a free-the-air affiliate), with local stations in over 60 markets with large Hispanic and Latin American populations (reaching 89% of the Hispanic population in the U.S. The network's former flagship station KAZA-TV in Los Angeles (until January 2018) was the highest-rated station in Azteca's portfolio.President and CEO Manuel Abud has led the company since March 3, 2014.
KAZD
KAZD, virtual channel 55 (UHF digital channel 31), is an Azteca América owned-and-operated television station licensed to Lake Dallas, Texas, United States and serving the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex. The station is owned by HC2 Holdings. KAZD's offices are located on McKinney Avenue in downtown Dallas, and its transmitter is located south of Belt Line Road in Cedar Hill. On cable, the station is available on varying channels on Charter Spectrum depending on the metropolitan area municipality it serves, Verizon FiOS channel 3 and AT&T U-verse channel 55.
KCOS-LP
KCOS-LP was a low-power broadcast television station located in Phoenix, Arizona. It broadcast in analog on UHF channel 28 from the Usery Mountains in Mesa. KCOS-LP was owned by Aracelis Ortiz Corporation of Harlingen, Texas. Despite the similar call letters, KCOS-LP was not related to full-service PBS member station KCOS in El Paso, Texas.
KTVP-LD
KTVP-LD is a low-power broadcast television station located in Phoenix, Arizona, broadcasting in digital on UHF channel 22 from South Mountain in Phoenix, and is an affiliate of Good News TV, a Christian television channel owned by the Arizona Conference Corporation of Seventh-day Adventists. KTVP-LD is owned by HC2 Holdings.
Latele Novela Network
Latele Novela Network (Spanish pronunciation: [laˈteleˈnoβela]) is a Spanish-language television network in the United States. Latele Novela is the first premier National Hispanic Television Network dedicated entirely to telenovelas in Spanish for the US Hispanic Market.
List of Spanish-language television networks in the United States
The following is a list of Spanish-language television networks in the United States. As of 2016 the largest Hispanic/Latino television audiences in the U.S. are in California (Los Angeles, San Francisco area), New York, Florida (Miami area), Texas (Houston, Dallas, Ft. Worth, San Antonio), Illinois (Chicago), and Arizona (Phoenix).
List of United States over-the-air television networks
In the United States, for most of the history of broadcasting, there were only three or four major commercial national terrestrial networks. From 1946 to 1956, these were ABC, CBS, NBC and DuMont (though the Paramount Television Network had some limited success during these years). From 1956 to 1986, the "Big Three" national commercial networks were ABC, CBS, and NBC (with a few limited attempts to challenge them, such as National Telefilm Associates [and its NTA Film Network] and the Overmyer Network). From 1954 to 1970, National Educational Television was the national clearinghouse for public TV programming; the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) succeeded it in 1970.
Today, more than fifty national free-to-air networks exist. Other than the non-commercial educational (NCE) PBS, which is composed of member stations, the largest terrestrial television networks are the traditional Big Three television networks (ABC, CBS and NBC). Many other large networks exist, however, notably Fox and The CW which air original programming for two hours each night instead of three like the original "Big Three" do, as well as syndication services like MyNetworkTV and Ion Television which feature reruns of recent popular shows with little to no original programming. Fox has just about the same household reach percentage as the Big Three, and is therefore often considered a peer to ABC, NBC, and CBS since it has also achieved equal or better ratings since the late 1990s. Most media outlets now include Fox in what they refer to as the "Big Four" TV networks.
The transition to digital broadcasting in 2009 has allowed for television stations to offer additional programming options through digital subchannels, one or more supplementary programming streams to the station's primary channel that are achieved through multiplexing of a station's signal. A number of new commercial networks airing specialty programming such as movies, reruns of classic series and lifestyle programs have been created from companies like Weigel Broadcasting, Luken Communications and even owners of the major networks such as Fox Corporation, National Amusements (through the CBS Corporation subsidiary), The Walt Disney Company (through the Walt Disney Television subsidiary) and Comcast (through the NBCUniversal subsidiary). Through the use of multicasting, there have also been a number of new Spanish-language and non-commercial public TV networks that have launched.
Free-to-air networks in the U.S. can be divided into four categories:
Commercial networks – which air English-language programming to a general audience (for example, CBS);
Spanish-language networks – fully programmed networks which air Spanish-language programming to a primarily Latin American audience (for example, Telemundo and Univision);
Educational and other non-commercial broadcast networks – which air English- and some foreign-language television programming, intended to be educational in nature or otherwise of a sort not found on commercial television (for example, PBS);
Religious broadcast networks – which air religious study and other faith-based programs, and in some cases, family-oriented secular programs (for example, Daystar).Each network sends its signal to many local affiliate television stations across the country. These local stations then air the "network feed," with programs broadcast by each network being viewed by up to tens of millions of households across the country. In the case of the largest networks, the signal is sent to over 200 stations. In the case of the smallest networks, the signal may be sent to just a dozen or fewer stations.
As of the 2016–17 television season, there are an estimated 118.4 million households in the U.S. with at least one TV set.
Marianela Rodriguez
Marianela Rodriguez (born June 16, 1991 in Santa Clara, Cuba) is a beauty queen, model and actress from Cuba who came to the spotlight after working for Univision Venevision Studios El Talisman, soap opera, recorded in Florida .
Rafael Pérez Perry
Rafael Pérez Perry (October 24, 1911 – May 10, 1978) was a businessman and a pioneer in Puerto Rico's radio and television broadcasting industry. He owned one of the most successful radio stations on the island (WKBM AM) and in 1954 founded Puerto Rico's television Channel 11, which now is known as Tele Once and owned and operated by Univision, the largest Hispanic television network in the United States.
Spanish-language broadcast television networks in the United States
LATV
Tele N
MiCasa Network
Mira TV
TeLe-Romántica
Tr3́s
América CV
Inmigrante TV
LAT TV
MundoMax
Soi TV
TuVisión
VasalloVision


For those who are familiar with Anabolic Steroids, slogans online like Dianabol for sale, Winstrol for sale and Anavar for sale probably sound really familiar. This is not what we mean by "designer anabolic steroid".
The Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act 2014 (the 2014 Act) is sponsored by Joseph Pitts, a Republican and representative for Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district. It is a House of Representatives bill. The 2014 Act was recently passed by the US House of Parliament and will soon be going to the Senate.
In order for a bill to be enacted and to become an official Act, it must be passed by both the House of Parliament and the Senate in identical form and then be signed by the president to become law.
It should be noted that only about 23% of bills that made it past the committee stage between the years 2011–2013 were enacted and as such, the 2014 Act only has a 57% chance of being enacted by the President and brought into US law (www.govtrack.us).
If the 2014 Act is passed it will have legal force in the US and will become legally binding on all US states.
The Controlled Substances Act (the CSA) was passed by the 91st US Congress as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (the 1970 Act); it was signed into law by then President, Richard Nixon. The CSA regulates the manufacture, importation, possession, use and distribution of certain substances.
There are five schedules / classifications under the CSA which outline the various qualifying requirements necessary for a substance to be included in any given schedule. The Drug Enforcement Administration (the DEA) and the Food and Drug Administration (the FDA) determine which substances will / not be included, added or removed from each schedule.
Anabolic steroids are among those substances listed in the CSA. The 2014 Act will expand the list of anabolic steroids to be regulated by the DEA by approximately 20-25 steroid which were previously ignored by the CSA. The 2014 Act also creates a number of new crimes relating to the labelling of steroids – the false labelling of steroids could result in a penalty being imposed of $500,000 (maximum).
 Not anabolic or androgenic.
Oestrogens, progestins, corticosteroids, and dehydroepiandrosterone are also exempt from the 2014 Act. Any individuals claiming the benefit of any of the above exemptions to the 2014 Act must evidentially prove that the substance in question is in fact exempt.
The 2014 Act imposes a further provision authorising the Attorney General of the US (the AG) to add a drug or substance to the list of anabolic steroids once he /she is satisfied that it meets the criteria for being an anabolic steroid and that such an addition will aid in the prevention of substance abuse and misuse.
The AG will also be given the power to collect data and analyse products to determine whether they contain steroids for sale and are properly labelled, and to publish a list of products containing an anabolic steroid that are not properly labelled (www.congress.gov).


Lucky you for having summer.
You commented about what a beautiful journey to India. We never made a trip as a tourist, this was just getting to work there.
This final trip was in a way a trip out of hell... But looking back we enjoyed it.
Llevameeeeee!!! ya estoy cansada de frío y de dás grises y esas imagenes me dan una envidia increible!! Disfruta a tope!!!
Qué lindo todoo, como siempre, fascinada con tus flores de mundo o hydrangeas, cosa lindaaa!!!
A disfrutar las vacaciones querida, besotesss!!!


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