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Serial Murders
Unsolved Murder
Massacre/Group Killings
The Cleveland Torso Murderer
July 6, 2019 June 21, 2019 by Adam Bradley
The death masks of several victims of the Cleveland Torso Murderer
The Cleveland Torso Murderer was a serial killer who butchered and dismembered at least a dozen victims between 1935 and 1938. Also known as the Madman of Kingsbury Run the crimes where truly horrific and never solved. Here Unsolved Casebook takes a look at the ghastly murders.
On the morning of September 5th, 1984 just before 8 am Frank LaGassie was making his way along the shore of Lake Erie looking for wood he could burn. In the midst of his hunt for wood, LaGassie spotted something off in the distance which piqued his interest.
LaGassie went to investigate what he initially presumed was a tree trunk but as he got closer he realized it was no such thing. Instead, LaGassie had made a gruesome discovery he would never forget. In front of him was the decaying remains of a female body.
The remains he discovered consisted of the legs from above the knees up to the lower torso. No other body parts where visible.
Coroners Findings
The coroner Arthur Pearce, working with what little he had determined that the victim was a female and was probably aged in her thirties, was around 5 ft 5 and would have weighed approximately 115 pounds.
Pearce thought the victim may have been dead up to 6 months with the body been in the water for at least 3 months. He also believed the body may have been in some sort of container initially due to the lack of waterlogging in the flesh.
The torso was also covered in some sort of preservative which had made the skin leathery. Results revealed either chloride of lime or calcium hypochlorite was the chemical used.
One theory the coroner proposed from this was that the killer had originally applied the chemical to help dissolve the body as a disposal method. However, the killer had instead used the wrong kind of lime and had actually preserved the deceased.
A scar was also found on the Lady Of The Lake from an operation they had received in the last year or so to remove the uterus. The coroner was quick to point out that due to how common the operation was the information would probably be of little use in helping to identify the victim.
An Earlier Finding Linked
Two weeks prior to the discovery of the Lady Of The Lake a man named Joseph Hejduk had discovered some remains on a lakeshore estate. After reporting his discovery, police initially wrote them off as animal bones and asked Hejduk to bury his findings in the sand.
After reading of the discovery of the Lady Of The Lake Hejduk decided to again contact investigators about his earlier discovery. This time the remains were recovered and taken for examination.
The body parts were found to be human ribs and vertebrae. Coroner Pearce upon inspection declared they were an exact match for the remains of the lower torso found by Frank LeGrassie.
Over the following days, a number of reported sightings of body parts along Lake Erie were made. Police investigated each one as well as making their own searches but the only other remain found was to be the upper part of an arm.
Several theories were considered and ruled out. The coroner quickly ruled out that the torso been left could have been a mere prank played by medical students. Grave robbery of an already deceased corpse was also ruled out after searches of all the graveyards in the area.
Pearce was also quick to dismiss the police's theory of suicide or an accident in which the victim was hit by the propeller of a boat. The reason he was sure of this was that the vertebrae that had been discovered showed clear markings that the blade of a knife had been used.
Attempts To Identify The Lady Of The Lake
Investigators looked into all the woman who had been reported missing in the area over the previous 6 months but came up with nothing to link any of them to the victim they had found at Lake Erie.
Despite there best efforts, police couldn't identify the victim who became known as the Lady Of The Lake. It would also be several years more before the murder was linked to those committed by the Cleveland Torso Murderer.
The Double Discovery
On September 23, 1935, two boys, Peter Kostura, age 12, and James Wagner, 16, were playing with a ball on Jackass Hill. Jackass Hill was located on the south side of the Kingsbury Run area of Cleveland, Ohio.
Whilst playing the boys ball went down the hill and the pair decided to have a race down the hill to get it back. The older child, James Wagner, raced ahead leaving Kostura to eat his dust but it would be a race he wished he hadn't won. At the bottom of the hill instead of finding the ball, James instead was met with the ghastly finding of a human body without its head.
Back at the top of the hill siblings, Leonard and Steve Jeziorski were also playing. The brothers watched as the other two young lads raced down the hill but then they also made a terrifying discovery when they too spotted a decapitated body in the bushes.
Both sets of boys ran off in different directions to tell of the shocking discoveries they had made. It was originally presumed by police that both sets of boys were reporting the same decapitated corpse, so they were shocked upon arrival to discover not one but two headless corpses.
The victim found at the bottom of the hill was a white male, naked but for his socks. The head had been removed and disturbingly so too had the mans genitals. There was a complete lack of blood both around the scene or on the body. Twenty feet away from the body police found the victim's head buried in the ground.
The second victim appeared to have died earlier than the first as his body was suffering from a higher amount of decomposition. The second male victim was shorter and of stockier build than the first and also appeared to be older.
The body also showed signs that some sort of chemical or substance had been applied to it. The skin had turned a reddish colour and had become leathery too. Again the genitals had been removed. The corpse and the surrounding area, like with the first victim, was also bloodless.
Police continued to search the area and eventually some seventy feet away they found the head of the second corpse. The investigators on the scene also discovered the pairs genitals and some items of clothing that were covered in blood. A torch, pieces of rope and a bucket containing a mixture of car oil and blood were also found.
Autopsy Findings
The deputy coroner Wilson Chamberlain performed the autopsies. Victim 1 had already been identified as Edward Andrassy with the use of his fingerprints by the time of the autopsy. Andrassy was 29 years old, 5 ft 11 and weighed 150 pounds.
The death mask of victim no. 1, who was identified as Edward Andrassy.
Chamberlain stated the deceased had been dead two to three days. The head had been severed by a knife, used with a great amount of strength and force but also with precision. The coroner also noted that the heart was virtually bloodless.
Chamberlain was in no doubt that the cause of Edward Andrassy's death was decapitation with a sharp instrument, extremely rare as a form of death, most decapitations are done post-death after been killed in some other manner such as strangulation.
The second victim had remained unidentified. Unfortunately for police the amount of decomposition on the deceased made it impossible to recover any usable fingerprints. The victim was 5 ft 6 and 165 pounds and Chamberlain estimated he was between 40 and 45 years old. Chamberlain again declared the cause of death as decapitation with a sharp instrument.
The coroner believed victim 2 had been killed some 7 to 10 days earlier. Chamberlain also stated he believed the substance found on the second corpse to be some kind of acid. Despite the substance leaving a similar reddish tone and leathery appearance, no link was made at this point to the Lady Of The Lake murder from the year previous. Several years later the time of death and the substance found where questioned.
In 1938 W.H Hay stated that in his opinion the body had been covered in oil and set on fire. However, the fire was not enough to burn the skin and merely scorched it thus the skins leathery and reddish appearance. Hay also stated that he believed the deceased had been killed some three to four weeks prior to its discovery.
Edward Andrassy
Police started to look into the life of Edward Andrassy in the hope of finding the killer. Andrassy was well known to police and had numerous arrest on his record usually down to drunken brawling but he was far from a master criminal.
Picture Of Edward Andrassy. Courtesy of Findagrave.com
Andrassy also had something of a reputation as a ladies man. The family of Andrassy told officers that two weeks earlier a man had come to the family home and told Edward in no uncertain terms that if he didn't leave his wife alone he would kill him. Unfortunately, the family could give little else to help find this man and he was never traced.
Edwards sister Edna also told police Edward had been worried and frightened prior to his death. She said weeks earlier he had gotten into an argument with an Italian and stabbed him. Because of this act, Edward feared that he had made himself a target for a revenge attack. Police looked into this lead but they found no record of any such incident and as the sister didn't have a name for the man her brother had allegedly stabbed it became another dead end.
Identifiying Victim No.2 and suspects
Despite the best efforts of the police, they were unable to identify the second body found on that September morning. Raymond Stedronsky and Edward Faulkenberg were both strongly looked at as possible identities but both ruled out. Any leads to tie him to an associate of Edward Andrassy went nowhere or were quickly ruled out too.
Attempts to find a viable suspect had also come to nothing. Other than leads that went nowhere through Andrassy's life, investigators also looked into other possibilities but all to no avail.
A man who was regularly spotted on Jackass Hill looking shifty and with a pair of binoculars turned out to be a man looking for a woman across the hill to send a signal that her husband wasn't home.
A bloody note with instructions on how to cremate a body and a strange man who was seen near a pile of clothes which were found to be bloody after he left were just two examples of other leads that went nowhere.
The trail went cold and the discoveries of the two corpses near Jackass Hill had started to fade into the memory until four months later when another horrific discovery was made.
Florence Polillo
On a freezing morning on January 26, 1936, a woman walked into the White Front Meat Market and told butcher Charles Page that she had seen two hams wrapped in newspaper and in baskets behind the nearby Hart Manufacturing building. Assuming they had been stolen he went to retrieve them but he soon discovered it wasn't hams that the baskets contained but human body parts.
Investigators found the baskets contained the parts of a woman's lower torso, a right arm, a right hand, and two thighs. Police searched the area but found no traces of the rest of the victims remains.
Fingerprints taken from the hand found at the scene revealed that the victim was Florence Polillo. Flo, as she was more commonly known, was a heavy drinking waitress and prostitute that was well known to the police in the area.
Florence Polillo, who was identified an "victim no. 3"
Pathologist Report
The County Pathologist Dr. Reuben Straus performed the autopsy. The victim, who was in her early forties, was 5ft 4 and weighed roughly 160 pounds.
Straus was of the belief that Polillo had been dead between 2 and 4 days before her few remains were discovered. As her landlady would later recall last seeing Flo Polillo at 8:30 pm on the 24th it is pretty much accepted she was murdered later that night when compared to the autopsy findings.
Her right shoulder had been removed at the shoulder blade. The thighs had been seperated at the hip and the torso severed at the second lumbar vertabrae. All were made with clean cuts. The patholigists noted the cause of death as criminal violence.
Due to the circles in which Florence Polillo associated herself there was no shortage of people that police were interesting in speaking to in the days shortly following the discovery of the baskets containing Flo's body parts. None of the leads took them any nearer to an arrest.
Another Grim Discovery
On February 7 at around 5 pm John Gaembeline was making his way across the yard of the Bennett Trucking Company on 1419 Orange Avenue. It was here that he was met with a grave and grotesque sight, he had discovered the upper torso of Florence Polillo's body. After running to get his boss Harry Bennett the pair discovered other body parts around the yard.
Upon arrival on the scene, detectives were in no doubt as to whom the remains belonged to. They recovered all the remaining parts of Flo's body with just one exception – her head. Despite a thorough search of the area the next day the head still couldn't be found.
The police were rigorous in there investigation following up on every lead they could find, no matter how small it appeared. However, as had been the case with Edward Andrassy, none of the leads followed got police any nearer to discovering the identity of the man who had committed the horrific murder of Florence Polillo. At this point, police had yet to link the Cleveland Torso Murders together but that would soon change in the summer of 1936
The Unidentified Head
On June 5 youngsters Gomez Ivey, aged 13, and Louis Cheeley, 11, had decided to skip school and instead go fishing. Upon the pairs route, they came across a bundle wrapped in a pair of trousers whilst walking through Kingsbury Run at 8:20 am.
The pair, deciding there may be money in the pockets, prodded the trousers with their fishing rods, To the young lads complete horror a human head released itself from the bundle and rolled into view.
No other body parts were in the bundle but it did contain a white polo shirt, a brown striped shirt, blue shorts, a belt, and a handkerchief, most of the items covered in blood. A pair of shoes and socks, with the laces tied together, and a brown cap were also discovered in close proximity to were the head was found.
In order to try and gain an identification, the head was placed on display at the morgue. A face mask was made in the event that the man remained unidentified but needed burying. Unfortunately, despite over a thousand people seeing the head over the next 24 hours or so, no positive ID was given.
The death mask of victim no. 4.
The Tattooed Remains
The day after the discovery of the head, some 300 yards away from were it was found by the two young boys, railroad workers discovered the naked body of a heavily tattoed man.
The coroner Wilson Chamberlain determined the man to be between 20 and 25 years old. The victim was 5ft 11 and weighed 165 pounds.
Chamberlain put the time of death at been around 48 hours before the victim's head was found. Unlike in the case of the first two male victims this one hadn't been emasculated but the cause of death was the same – death by decapitation.
The man had 6 tattoos upon his body. They were:
A heart and anchor on the left forearm.
A butterfly on the left shoulder.
The letters W.C.G on the left forearm.
The names Helen and Paul on the right forearm.
The comic strip character Jiggs on the left calf.
A cupid and anchor on the right calf.
Detectives were now extremely confident of gaining an identity for the victim. They had the man's fingerprints and highly identifiable tattoos. Yet despite the best efforts of the police, they were unable to get an identity for the deceased.
Further Investigation
The anchor tattoos gave the police the suspicion that the man may well have been a sailor. Once again though despite there persistent efforts and after following several possible leads they found nothing substantial.
By this point in the investigation, police had linked the murder of victim no.4 to the two victims found on the Jackass Hill area of Kingsbury Run.
It's worth noting that at this point detectives weren't as convinced the male victims were connected to the Lady Of The Lake or Flo Polillo murders. The press, on the other hand, was quick to add Flo Polillo to the list of victims killed by the Cleveland Torso Murderer.
Due to them now believing there was a link investigators looked into the possibility that victim no.4 may be an associate of Edward Andrassy, the "first" victim. Despite yet more thorough work by the detectives involved they could not find anything to link the two victims.
To this day the victim would never be identified and simply remain known as victim no.4.
At 11:30 am on the 22nd of July, 1936 teenager Marie Barkley was hiking in the woods when she discovered the next victim of the Cleveland Torso Murderer. 17-year-old Barkley had stumbled across the naked body in a gully in the Big Creek area of Brooklyn, west of Cleveland. This would be the only victim found on the west side. Again as with the previous victim's the head had been severed.
Upon arrival on the scene, detectives located the missing head some 6 yards from the body along with the victims clothing. It also appeared that this time the victim had been killed were his body was discovered.
Murder Victim Or Not?
Pathologists Reuben Straus determined the victim to be around 40 years old, 5ft 5 and roughly 145 pounds. Due to the sheer amount of decomposition of the corpse not much information of use could be gathered although like victim no.4 the genitals hadn't been removed.
Straus did decide though that due to the amount of decomposition the man had been dead approximately 2 months. This would mean the victim no.5 would actually have been killed before victim no.4 – the tattooed man.
Pathologists Straus put the cause of death as probable murder. Due to the decay and rotting of the deceased Straus was unable to determine any pacific knife wounds or other proof the man was a definite murder victim.
The coroner, A.J. Pearce, in his final verdict was under no such doubt and proclaimed the cause of death as death by decapitation once more. Pearce changed this opinion later though stating that there was no evidence to prove that the head hadn't merely fallen off due to decay and been moved by animals.
With no fingerprints to go on police were once again left with little other option than to trawl the missing person files in the hope of revealing an identity for the newest victim in the Cleveland Torso Murders. The identity was not to be forthcoming.
Return To Kingsbury Run
On the morning of September 10, 1936, a 25-year-old homeless man named Jerry Harris discovered two parts of a headless, legless and armless human torso in the creek near East 37th on Kingsbury Run.
Upon a search of the creek, the lower half of both legs were also dredged from the water. Bloody clothing was also found around the scene.
All this was done in front of a growing crowd of worried and anxious onlookers, with newspapers later proclaiming a crowd of over one hundred had gathered to watch the shocking scenes unfold.
Police search for body parts and other clues near the where the victim was found.
Again Pathologists Reuben Straus examined the body. He put the victim at around 25 to 30 years old, 5ft 10, and weighing 145 pounds.
The head had been severed from the body with two clean but powerful cuts by a strong blade. Straus noted that all the cuts were made without hesitation and were made with an accuracy which made Straus believe the killer had expert knowledge of the human anatomy.
The genitals had been removed as was the case with Edward Andrassy and victim no.2. The man's heart revealed that the victim was horrifyingly still alive when the body started to be brutally dismembered. The cause of death was again marked as death by decapitation.
Continued Search
With no arms and no head, detectives knew that identification would be almost impossible and so the department put a huge effort into searching the waters for the remaining body parts.
For the next month, the waters were continuously searched and although they discovered another body part, this time the man's thigh, they were unable to find the head or arms they were so desperate to uncover.
New Faces Put On The Case
With it now clear that they had a serial murderer on their hand's detectives Peter Merylo and Martin Zalewski were put to work on the case full time. Over the following years, the pair would be involved in investigating, interviewing and following up on thousands of leads and eliminating numerous suspects.
On September 12, 1936, and due to the ever mounting pressure the murders put on the mayor, Eliot Ness was placed in charge of the investigation. Eliot Ness had gained his high reputation for his work in enforcing the prohibition law in Chicago as the leader of "The Untouchables" law enforcement team.
Ness had been the safety director (basically in charge of both police and fire departments) in Cleveland since December of 1935, but now it was Eliot Ness's job to find the Cleveland Torso Murderer.
Eliot Ness was placed in command of the hunt for the Madman of Kingsbury Run
A Brief Respite Comes To An End
Despite the close proximity of the last two murders, the killer would be more patient before taking his next victim. Over 6 months had passed since the discovery of victim no.5 but on February 23, 1937, the wait for a further victim and the pause in the brutal Cleveland Torso Murders would come to an end.
At around 1:40 pm Robert Smith, aged 55, was making his way across the shore of Beulah Park on Lake Erie looking for driftwood. During Smith's search, he spotted something that at first glance he assumed was a sheep. It wasn't. Smith had come across the latest victim of the sadistic killer.
The unfortunate Smith had stumbled upon the headless and armless upper torso of a woman's body. There were no signs that the body had been deliberately left at that point and it was suspected it was merely the location in which it had washed up on shore.
Lady Of The Lake Part 2
Despite nothing to say otherwise, it was one hell of a coincidence the body had washed up there as it was eerily striking how close it was to the spot in which the original Lady Of The Lake body had been found.
The coincidence also wasn't lost on the media as for the first time they were now starting to talk of the Lady Of The Lake as a possible victim in the Cleveland Torso Murders.
The victim was determined to be between 25 and 30 years old, stood between 5ft 5 and 5ft 8 and weighed roughly 125. The woman had been deceased for between 2 and 4 days.
A Copycat Killing?
Two points coroner Straus made about the latest murder would put question marks against whether the latest victim was in fact killed at the hands of the Cleveland Torso Murderer.
First Straus noticed hesitation marks in the cuts made, not evidenced in the earlier murders. Secondly, Straus confirmed that the cause of death was not on this occasion due to decapitation as the heart had already stopped beating before been severed.
Despite everyone in the case failing to be convinced that the second Lady Of The Lake was a victim of the Cleveland Torso Murderer it was decided by the majority that she should be included among the killer's victims.
A Familiar Pattern
Despite investigating several tantalizing leads the case again took a familiar path with each seemingly fizzling out and leaving the police no nearer to finding the madman responsible.
Some three months after the initial discovery on May 5 the lower half of the victim's torso was found in the lake by Howard Yochem. The cold water of Lake Erie had kept the lower torso in a surprisingly good condition and so it was easily matched with the upper half at the morgue.
Despite further searches, the rest of the body parts and the victims head would never be found. The victim would once more become another nameless victim of the Cleveland Torso Murderer.
Bones In The Garbage
On June 6, 1937, at around 5:30 pm, 14-year-old Russel Lauer was making his way home walking across the Lorain-Carnegie Bridge that ran over the Cuyahoga River. It was here where he would make a discovery which would forever remain etched in his memory.
Sticking out from a pile of garbage the young teenager had spotted a human skull. Upon arrival, the police found the skeletal remains of a human however the arms and legs were absent.
From the skeletal remains Professor Of Anatomy Dr T W Todd was unable to state the exact cause of death but was able to determine that there were knife marks and signs of cutting at the points were previous victims had been decapitated.
Pathologist Reuben Straus declared the victim to be an African American female of a petit build. He put her height and weight at around 5ft and 100 pounds. After initially considering her age as between 25 and 35 Straus decided the victim was more likely in the 30 to 40-year-old range. The victim had been dead around a year.
The death mask of victim no.8
It was noted that the victim had 3 gold crowns and had had some bridgework done. This was the detectives best way of trying to identify the latest victim and avoid yet another victim going unidentified.
Rose Wallace
Detective Merylo believed he had managed to find the identity of the deceased a few weeks later, however, there was a problem. Rose Wallace was a match in terms of size, build, age and estimated appearance, she had also had bridgework completed that was seemingly matched to her dental records sent from Cincinnati. The problem was that Rose Wallace didn't disappear until August 21, 1936 – 3 months after the estimated time of death.
Merylo was undeterred by this, he knew that the time of death was only an estimate, and thus he remained convinced investigating Wallace's disappearance was the best way to go. His colleagues weren't as convinced and despite Rose Wallace's son positively identifying the victim's items and remains as being those of his mother in April 1938, officially the victim remains unidentified.
A Link Between Victims
Merylo found a possible link between Rose Wallace and the earlier victim Flo Polillo. The detective knew that Rose Wallace was at least a part-time prostitute and believed she may have vanished from the same bar at which Flo Polillo was also last seen.
Wallace was also said to have had a steady relationship with a man known as One-Armed Willie, this same man had also come up during the Flo Polillo investigation for having argued with Flo the day before her murder. Despite the connections Merylo had seemingly made, he was unable to make them into anything concrete.
Again the investigation was left with no confirmed name for a victim or a suspect in the Kingsbury Run Murders.
The Torso In The River
On July 6, 1937, at around 10 am Captain Marion Ratterman called the police to report the discovery of a torso floating in the Cuyahoga River. The coast guards were summoned to help recover the torso, the lower half of a male torso, and to look for other body parts that may be located in the same river.
The coast guard retrieved a left thigh, a right thigh, the upper part of the left arm and the lower part of the left leg. In a burlap sack and wrapped in newspaper they also found the upper torso. Over the next week the right lower leg, the right upper arm and both forearms with hands attached would also be recovered. No such luck was forthcoming searching for the head, it was never to be found.
A New Depraved Act
The victim was around 40 years of age, about 5ft 10 and weighed somewhere in the region of 150 to 160 pounds. This time the Cleveland Torso Murderer had not removed the male's genitals as he had in several earlier killings.
In a slight change, and possibly a sign of the killers growing savagery and state of mind, the abdominal cavity had been sliced open and everything removed from inside. The heart had also been cut out and removed, the heart was never found.
Pathologists Straus also noted that the cuts made were less clean than earlier murders, eerily noting that the killer's blade may be getting dull, and there were more signs of "hacking". Coroner Gerber put the time of death as about 48 hours prior to the victim's discovery in the Cuyahoga River. A cause of death was unable to be determined.
Once the arms had been recovered a set of fingerprints were taken from the latest victim of the Kingsbury Run Murders. Detectives asked for them to be compared against all available databases. As was now a familiar outcome the fingerprints failed to lead to an identification of the victim.
The Hunt For The Cleveland Torso Murderer
Detectives Merylo and Zalewski continued there hunt for viable suspects. The pair focused their efforts into three categories:
Names brought to their attention through tip-offs.
Questionable or strange characters living on Kingsbury Run.
Suspiciously acting doctors.
Detective Peter Merylo whilst working undercover as a vagrant.
Dorsey Wade
Over the following year using the above criteria, Merylo and Zalewski would look into hundreds of possible leads. One interesting lead was that of a secretive voodoo cult led by a man named Dorsey Wade.
Wade had been suspected in a previous murder involving a decapitation in 1928. The "Voodoo Doctor" Wade would become a prime focus for a period from November 1938 until December of 1938 but no charges against him or his group were ever made.
Phillip Russo
Another person of interest was Phillip Russo. Russo had been spotted on Jackass Hill with binoculars around the time that Edward Andrassy and victim no.2 were discovered but efforts to trace him at the time had failed.
Almost 2 years later he was once more seen on Kingsbury Run, this time with a telescope. Four months later detectives Merylo and Zalewski tracked down Russo. However the detectives could find nothing with which to link Russo to the Cleveland Torso Murders.
Dr Hawk & Dr Dabney
The detectives also spent several months investigating a Dr Hawk. They had been given information that Dr Hawk had lost his license to practice and was a drug addict and had lived in the Jackass Hill area. Upon finally finding the man on a ward at Charity Hospital they discovered a 70-year-old weak and broken man.
Another doctor of interest was one Dr Dabney. Dabney had been committed to a mental hospital for the criminally insane after lopping off the head of a patient in Cuyahoga Falls. Again there was no evidence Dabney had anything to do with the Kingsbury Run Murders.
The Cleveland Torso Murderer Returns
At 2:15 pm on April 8 1938, 35-year-old Steve Morosky was making his way to visit a friend who lived along the Cuyahoga River. Before completing his journey Morosky spotted something he initially presumed to be a dead fish floating upon the river. To his dismay, he would soon discover it wasn't a dead fish. After prodding his finding with a stick he had in front of him the sickening sight of the remains of a lower leg.
After a 9 month hiatus, the Cleveland Torso Murderer had returned. Investigators, as they did with the previous discovery in the Cuyahoga River, borrowed a boat and started to search the waters for further remains. This time there would be no such discovery made by the police.
On May 2 at around 2:00 pm the bridge captain of the West 3rd Street bridge Oscar Meister would report he had discovered a human thigh floating in the river. Upon arrival, officers found the thigh and a burlap sack containing the headless torso (cut in two), a left foot and the remaining thigh.
A New Method
Despite the amount of decomposition of the body parts, the coroner was able to establish that the latest victim in the Kingsbury Run murders was female. The coroner determined that the victim was approximately 5ft 2, 120 pounds and aged somewhere between 25 and 30. The victim had been killed around a month prior to the second set of parts been found (around a week before the lower leg was initially found).
The same viciousness with which the cuts were made in the previous murder was again in evidence. The killer had also shown signs that his cuts were becoming more erratic and less measured than in the early stages of his murder spree. The killer had also snapped the ribs with his bare hands.
It also seemed that for the first time in the Cleveland Torso Murders the madman had used drugs on his victim. The victim's lungs revealed a large enough dose of morphine that would have resulted in causing the victim to become unconscious. In fact, the dose was large enough to have caused death on its own. The exact cause of death was unknown.
Despite further searches of the river over the following weeks, the latest murder would follow a worrying familiar trend, the missing head once more would never be found and nor would the unfortunate victim's identity.
A Putrid Stench
At around 4 pm on August 16, 1938, three African American men were searching through a dump on the corner of East 9th and Lake Shore Drive looking for items they could spruce up and sell on or other items they could make money from such as various metals.
Upon there search the three men, James Mcshack, James Dawson and Edward Smith came across an item Dawson at first thought was a coat protruding from some rocks. As the trio investigated an unbearable, foul, and putrid stench became ever stronger. When the men started to remove some of the rocks they made a ghastly discovery when they started to see human remains.
Once detectives where on scene they discovered that under the ruble of rocks lay the remains of a human torso wrapped in brown paper, a tattered quilt and a coat. Under the torso laid the thighs also wrapped in the same brown paper.
Slightly away from the torso investigators discovered a cardboard box. Inside the container, they made the grim finding of the victim's arms and lower legs. Close to the location where the torso was discovered the severed head of the latest unfortunate victim was located. For only the second time in the grisly series of murders, The Cleveland Torso Murderer had left the entire body of his victim to be found.
As had become the norm a huge crowd started to gather to watch events unfold. Several hours after the initial finding at around 7:00 pm Tod Bartholomew, his wife Cecilia and the couple's friend Jennie Talas would join the masses to sneak a peek at the events which had unfolded.
From their spot in the crowd Tod noticed a disgusting stench coming from nearby, he looked down at the area he believed the smell to be emanating from and in turn discovered the bones of victim no 12.
No New Clues
Pathologist Straus revealed that the first victim was a white female. She was between 30 and 40 years old and around 5ft 3 in height. Straus put the victim's weight at around 125 pounds.
The victim had been dead between 4 to 6 months. Although judged to be likely the result of murder the cause of death was officially left as undetermined by Straus.
The bones of the second victim found that day were painstakingly put back together and Straus tried as best he could to give some details. He revealed that the remains included the pelvis, ribs and vertebrae along with a human skull.
The second victim was male and Straus determined he had been dead for at least seven months. The victim was estimated to be between 30 and 40 years old, weighing around 150 pounds and about 5ft 6 tall.
Some of the bones, which were slightly charred, were determined to be non-human and not belonging to the deceased. It was determined that all the bones had been removed at the major joints and the head had been severed at the third inter-vertebral disc. Again though the death was only recorded as a probable homicide and officially undetermined.
With so little with which to identify the victims there true identities would never be revealed.
The Raid On Kingsbury Run
In the early hours of August 18, 1938, Eliot Ness would send a 25 man assault team into the slums of Kingsbury Run. Up until this point, despite the failure to capture the Cleveland Torse Murderer, Eliot Ness had a fairly positive relationship with the press but the assault on the hobo jungles on that August night would turn many against Ness.
The assault team blocked all escape from the shanty villages and made their way from one shack to another. The occupants of around 30 shacks were awoken by either the large searchlight placed upon a fire truck or by the loud banging on their shack doors. The vagabonds were then rounded up and taken to the police station.
The shacks occupied by the vagrants from the hobo jungles were then torn down and burned. At the station the down-and-outs had their fingerprints taken in the event they could be identified should they become future victims of the Butcher Of Kingsbury Run.
Desperation Or A Well Laid Plan?
Eliot Ness reasoned that the raids were in fact made to help the hobos of Kingsbury Run and were intended to save them from becoming the next victim of the savage killer responsible for the Cleveland Torso Murders. The press, for the most part, was not impressed with the reasoning and slated the raids in the papers.
Opinion has been torn over the years as to whether the raids ordered by Eliot Ness that August night were the acts of a desperate man or a well thought out plan. It was, however, the beginning of the end for Ness in Cleveland, his star would never again shine as bright. It too, however, seemed to signal the end for the Cleveland Torso Murderer.
The double findings of August 16 would seemingly be the last of the brutal killer's deadly deeds. The reign of terror which had filled the residents of Cleveland, and specifically Kingsbury Run, with fear for the last four years was seemingly over.
Who Was The Cleveland Torso Murderer?
Suspect No.1 – Frank Dolezal
The Only Suspect Ever Charged
Frank Dolezal, the only man ever charged over the killings.
On July 5, 1939, Chief Deputy Sheriff John Gillespie of the Cuyahoga Sheriff's Department would make the only arrest and charging of an individual in the history of the case. The accused was a 52-year-old immigrant bricklayer named Frank Dolezal.
The Cuyahoga County Sheriff's department had been making their own inquiries into the Cleveland Torso Murders. During there investigation, they discovered a link between three of the victims – Edward Andrassy, Florence Polillo and Rose Wallace. They claimed the three had all frequented the same bar.
Whilst looking into this lead the Sheriff's Department discovered that both Flo Polillo and Rose Wallace could be linked to the Slavic born Frank Dolezal. Polillo had at one time lived with the 52-year-old and Dolezal had also visited Rose Wallace on a number of occasions according to there findings. They also found that Frank Dolezal had a fondness for carrying a butcher's knife and had been known on occasions to have threatened associates with them.
A search of Frank Dolezal's flat was made. Detectives discovered stains on the floorboards which were sent for testing in the belief they may be bloodstains. Four knives were also found, of which two contained dark stains which again the investigators believed to be possible bloodstains. Frank Dolezal was arrested and taken for questioning.
A Confession
The Cuyahoga Sheriff's Department interrogated Dolezal for more than 48 hours at the Cuyahoga County Jail. Eventually, Dolezal cracked and signed a confession stating that whilst in a drunken state he had killed Florence Polillo after a heated argument between the pair. Dolezal was charged with her murder (later reduced to manslaughter at a preliminary hearing).
The team of detectives that had been working the case under Eliot Ness's command doubted Dolezal was the man responsible. Detective Merylo stated on record that he himself had interviewed Frank Dolezal previously and he had been given no reason to believe this was the person responsible for the Cleveland Torso Murders. The case against Dolezal would soon seem to back up Detective Merylo and the rest of Eliot Ness's team as it began to fall apart.
The samples taken from Dolezal's apartment were tested by the Western Reserve University and found to be animal blood not human. A bigger problem came when Dolezal took back his confession and instead claimed that it had been forced out of him under interrogation.
Even if the confession wasn't forced out of Dolezal it still failed to help the Sheriff's case. Many details that were given in Dolezal's confession simply didn't correlate with what police already knew.
In Dolezal's confession, he claimed he threw the head, legs and left arm of Flo Polillo into Lake Erie but the arm and legs were actually found at the back of an empty property. Other parts of the statement also couldn't be backed up either, such as the claim that Polillo's shoes and coat were left at the back of the Hart Manufacturing building (they were never found).
Suicide… Or Was It?
On August 24 while waiting to appear in court Frank Dolezal committed suicide in the waiting cells. Dolezal had seemingly hanged himself. Question marks soon arose about the suicide however when it was discovered that Dolezal had hanged himself from a hook 5 ft 7 inch from the ground, even though Dolezal was 5ft 8 himself.
Further investigations showed that Dolezal also had a total of six broken ribs at the time of his death. The guards also claimed that Dolezal was left alone for no more than 3 minutes but the coroner was adamant that it would've taken at least 12 minutes for asphyxiation to occur.
The acquaintances that had made statements during the investigation into Dolezal stating that he had in the past threatened them with a knife also came forward. One of the women, a Lillian Jones, admitted that she made up the confession to satisfy the investigator who was pressuring her for information he could use on Dolezal. She also made the damming statement under a sworn affidavit that the investigator had said the following.
"We have got him in jail and he will never get out of here. We will get it out of him, knock it out of him, he will never get out of here alive."
Two weeks after Frank Dolezal's death Coroner Gerber gave his official verdict. He ruled that Dolezal had taken his own life but that his injuries had occurred whilst in police custody. Police argued the injuries occurred during previous suicide attempts.
Questions still remain to this day about whether or not Dolezal did indeed take his own life. Whether he did or didn't it is pretty unanimously agreed by most experts of the case that Dolezal wasn't the Cleveland Torso Murderer. Although not responsible for the series of murders some do believe Dolezal was, however, the man that killed Florence Polillo.
It is worth pointing out that the killings did seemingly end after the death of Frank Dolezal.
Suspect No. 2 – Dr Francis Sweeney
Eliot Ness's Secret Suspect
Francis Sweeney, Ness's secret suspect identified by Marilyn Bardsley.
In the mid-1950s, Eliot Ness was collaborating with The Untouchables author Oscar Fraley when he revealed details of a previously unknown suspect. The suspect would later be revealed to be Dr, Francis Edward Sweeney by Marilyn Bardsley, who discovered the name whilst researching a play.
Ness told Fraley that the suspect had once been part of a secret interrogation. To keep the man's identity from becoming public knowledge and thus embarrassing and causing possible problems with Sweeney's prominent family (Francis was a cousin to Congressman Martin L Sweeney) the interrogation took place in a hotel room with only a handful of Eliot Ness's most trusted men present.
During the interrogation, Ness claimed that Francis Sweeney, who seemed to take the whole thing as a joke, failed a lie detector test. Despite this Ness had no real evidence with which to confirm his own strong suspicions and had to let Sweeney go. Upon release Francis Sweeney then committed himself to a mental institution.
A Decent Into Madness
Dr Francis Sweeney had been a surgical resident at St. Alexis hospital in the Kingsbury Run area since graduating in 1928. Unfortunately, Sweeney's demons got the better of him and he soon after turned to alcohol.
By 1933 he was an alcoholic which in turn made him abusive and violent leading to the breakdown of his marriage. Despite spending time at the City Hospital getting treatment for his alcoholism Francis Sweeney was unable to beat his demons.
In 1934 he lost both his job at St Alexis Hospital and his family as Sweeney's wife was granted a divorce and custody of his 2 children. He was also served a restraining order by his now ex-wife.
Francis Sweeney was now also displaying signs of psychosis alongside his alcoholism. The timing of this breakdown interestingly coincides with the Lady Of The Lake murder, the murder that was most likely the first committed by the Cleveland Torso Murderer.
There are several other reasons Dr Francis Sweeney is an interesting suspect. Sweeney was born and raised in the Kingsbury Run area of Cleveland so there is no doubt that he would have known the area well. Francis Sweeney was also described as a large and powerful man, so the disposal of the bodies would not have been a problem. Neither would the horrific dismemberments and decapitations that took place throughout the grisly Cleveland Torso Murders due to Sweeney's medical knowledge and ability.
With all that said there has never been any hard evidence found to connect Francis Sweeney to the horrible deeds carried out on Kingsbury Run. However, just like the killings stopped after the death of Frank Dolezal it also should be said that they also stopped after Francis Sweeney was committed.
For far more information on Francis Sweeney, I highly recommend you check out the excellent book by James Badal In The Wake Of The Butcher.
Suspect No. 3 – Willie Johnson
The Killer Returns?
On June 28, 1942, Willie Johnson took a cab to Kingsbury Run. Upon exiting the cab he proceeded to dump a trunk under a bridge and the contents of a satchel he was carrying were thrown into a nearby bush.
A young girl had seen Willie Johnson dispose of the trunk under the bridge. Although the Cleveland Torso Murders had seemingly come to an end several years earlier such acts still drew attention and set alarm bells ringing and so the young girl alerted the police.
Before the police could arrive three young black boys came across the trunk and decided to take a look inside. To the young trio's horror, they saw it contained a female torso. In the nearby bushes, a head and arms were soon discovered (her legs would be found at Johnson's home a couple of weeks later). Investigators were able to identify the victim as Margaret Frances Wilson, a 19-year-old prostitute.
With the help of the cab driver, 36-year-old Willie Johnson was soon identified and arrested. The powerfully built black man, originally from Helena, Arkansas, was known to police. Johnson had previously served time for highway robbery and had once been questioned in a murder investigation in Indiana.
A Tall Tale
Johnson originally told police that he had gotten into an argument with Wilson which ended with him knocking her out before simply going to sleep, fairly plausible so far. Johnson then bizarrely claimed that upon waking he discovered her in pieces on his floor. The strange story soon turned to a confession before once more Johnson returned to his original fanciful tale.
The jury took just over an hour to return a verdict which would send Willie Johnson to the chair. Upon the verdict, Willie Johnson began acting erratically and so he was taken to an insane asylum to be evaluated. More than a year would pass before he would be officially sentenced to death.
Whilst on death row awaiting his execution Willie Johnson once again changed his story. Johnson now claimed that he was paid $25 to dispose of the body. He gave the name of the supposed real perpetrator as a man who had previously been eliminated from inquiries into the Cleveland Torso Murders.
Despite his claims and still proclaiming his innocence, on March 10, 1944, Willie Johnson was executed in the electric chair. Opinions were torn on whether or not Willie Johnson was possibly the Cleveland Torso Murderer but Coroner Gerber was quoted as saying at the time:
"Willie Johnson has all the qualifications of the so-called torso killer. He is smart, strong as an ox, and entirely capable of these crimes both physically and mentally."
Although officially the Kingsbury Run Murders remain an open case the truth is we will more than likely never know the person responsible for the repulsive series of killings and the Cleveland Torso Murderer will remain forever unknown. Even more tragically so will the identities of the majority of his poor unfortunate victims.
In The Wake Of The Butcher
Eliot Ness And His Role In Cleveland
Find A Grave Francis Sweeney
Kingsbury Run
The Butcher's Dozen article by John Bartlow Martin. Originally featured in Harpers Magazine but also featured in the Library Of America's True Crime: An American Anthology which can be borrowed and read online for free at Archive.org.
Categories Serial Murders Tags butcher of Kingsbury Run, Cleveland murders, Cleveland Torso Murderer, Cleveland Torso Murders, Edward Andrassy, Eliot Ness, Florence Polillo, Francis Sweeney, Frank Dolezal, Kingsbury Run Murders, lady of the lake, Lake Erie, Madman Of Kingsbury Run, Rose Wallace, unidentified serial killer, Willie Johnson Post navigation
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About Unsolved Casebook
Unsolved Casebook is a blog containing information on numerous unsolved murders and mysteries. Starting life in 2018 and created by Adam Bradley the aim of the site is to provide an unbiased and highly detailed look into various unsolved cases.
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Le bombardement des quartiers militaires de Tchoulakivka est une attaque contre les quartiers des soldats russes à Tchoulakivka, dans l'oblast de Kherson. Ce bombardement est mené par les forces armées ukrainiennes le soir du Nouvel An, le 31 décembre 2022. L'attaque est rapportée dans le résumé du matin de l'état-major général des forces armées ukrainiennes le 3 janvier 2023. La partie russe n'a pas encore commenté cet incident. Il n'y a pas encore de confirmation indépendante.

Les analystes américains affirment que la frappe a été menée par un lance-roquettes multiples M142 HIMARS.

Bombardement
Dans la nuit du 31 décembre 2022, les forces armées ukrainiennes attaquent le camp de soldats russes à Tchoulakivka, dans l'oblast de Kherson. À la suite de la frappe, 500 soldats russes sont tués ou blessés. 20 minutes plus tard, le journaliste et blogueur Anatoli Chari déclare que la frappe a eu lieu dans un hangar, accueillant du matériel et du personnel. L'état-major général des forces armées ukrainiennes rend compte de la frappe du 31 décembre dans son résumé du matin du 3 janvier 2023. Le 4 janvier, le ministère russe de la Défense n'a pas encore mentionné cette frappe dans ses rapports.

Le New York Times, faisant référence à l'analyste , note que les forces armées ukrainiennes ont changé de tactique et ont commencé à utiliser des HIMARS pour frapper de grandes concentrations de militaires russes, et non des entrepôts. En raison d'un changement de tactique, l'armée ukrainienne a frappé une école technique professionnelle à Makiïvka, dans l'oblast de Donetsk, ainsi que des soldats russes à Choulakivka.

Notes et références

Article connexe
 Chronologie de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie (décembre 2022)
 Bombardement des quartiers militaires de Makiïvka

Bataille de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022
Décembre 2022
Bombardement

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Lesley Choyce
Revenge of the Optimist
Lesley Choyce's poetry is transcendental, joyful and at times ecstatic, though rooted securely in the world. The new poems in Revenge of the Optimist are charged with a kind of soulful music and are distinguished by wide tonal flavours and range. Lesley Choyce has said of his writing that "Poetry arises from events, real or imagined, that stir the intellect and emotions to re-create, through words, the full impact of life's greatest challenges… the best poetry comes about from the compassion that develops in a writer, the compassion necessary to understand the pain and joy of others while at the same time being able to work with one's own suffering as a source for emotional honesty in all that is written."
Lesley Choyce was born in New Jersey in 1951 and moved to Canada in 1978. He teaches part-time at Dalhousie University, runs Pottersfield Press and has written 52 adult and young adult books. Lesley surfs year round in the North Atlantic and is considered the father of transcendental wood splitting. He lives with his wife and two daughters in a 200-year-old farmhouse at Lawrencetown Beach overlooking the ocean. As a member of the Surf Poets he has released a poetry/music album titled Long Lost Planet.
For Canadian
For international


in the summer… to keep the 'winter' spirit alive, this new and already famous concept is back on track and this time on a very special location: 360 Bar in Val Thorens!
on this unique location between the slopes, the snow and some sunshine! All three days, the festival starts at 14:30 hours and will go on till 18:30 hours.
Presale for Dagvlinder Festival is online now, limited phase 1 'passe partouts' available now for only 25,- euro's (ex fee) and you will have full acces for all three dates.
See you in March and remember… why only party-ing for one day, when you can have three?!


From agriculture arose the desire to work more intensively with healthy wholesome nutrition and everything surrounding it. So developed the long-running company Karl-Heinz Häussler GmbH, which manufactures and sells wood ovens, electric stone ovens, pizza ovens, dough kneading machines, pasta making machines, corn mills and fumigators, etc. worldwide. To maintain the standard for service and quality they had achieved despite the rapid expansion, Häussler was looking for a new corporate IT which would optimally support the processes in the company. They decided on abas at the start of 2005.
The first challenge during the implementation was to get an universal and complete solution from distribution, marketing, and sales at cashier stations through production to warehouse management, accounting, and controlling. The other challenge was to import data that we had collected in previous years into the abas system in a sensible way. The customer history, for example, has been available to us without interruption despite switching to abas. The advantages of the abas solution and the abas database could already be seen during the implementation, and now also in operation: We can make a lot of changes to the system ourselves and thus save money.


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Ха́йнерсдорф () — коммуна в Австрии, в федеральной земле Штирия.

Входит в состав округа Фюрстенфельд.  Население составляет 685 человек (на 31 декабря 2005 года). Занимает площадь 17,32 км².

Политическая ситуация
Бургомистр коммуны — Херберт Росман (АНП) по результатам выборов 2005 года.

Совет представителей коммуны () состоит из 9 мест.

 АНП занимает 6 мест.
 Партия Hainersdorfer BL занимает 3 места.

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The Process Intensification major is about making industrial processes smaller, cleaner, more energy efficient and more productive by smarter use of technology and smarter integration. Process intensification is central to the ongoing transformation and future opportunities of a wide range of established and emerging industries including bulk chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food, agriculture and renewable energy. Students in this major will learn how to apply process modelling techniques at multiple scales to develop a comprehensive understanding of real life production scenarios, how to identify and quantify potential gains in productivity and efficiency under different operating conditions and how to design new chemical engineering equipment harnessing new production methods and technologies.


At AFN, we aren't just a name; we are truly a network. While our home office unites the industry's foremost specialists and planning experts, we expand our access through our Financial Solutions Alliance.
An elite network representing service professionals across the United States, the Financial Solutions Alliance aligns industry leaders in tax, legal, finance, cost segregation studies, alternative investments, insurance, conservation easement, and real estate disciplines.
In addition to providing our clients with its global presence and perspective, the Financial Solutions Alliance delivers an unparalleled brain trust of branding, coaching, and leadership paradigms.


Over the last few months, I developed plans to minimize my tax bill, earn more money, and invest in the stock market. Much of this financial planning is motivated by an upcoming tax burden that's sure to sting.
The problem starts with self-employed earnings. These are filed under Schedule C of the U.S. tax code. Unfortunately, those earnings don't include withheld funds that support Medicare and Social Security. To account for this, the federal government requests about 30% in self-employment taxes.
As someone who's funneled as much cash as possible to swiftly pay off student loans, I don't necessarily have a lot of liquidity or extra funds to pay this tax bill (yet). The U.S. government doesn't adequately account for someone paying off student loans when asking for the tax bill at the end of the year (and this is just the tip of the iceberg for financial aid concerns).
With these worries in mind, I took time today to restrict my spending ability, increase my regular income, and provide a bit of a tax shelter. And it all starts with dividends.
One of the most contentious elements in our tax code has to do with capital gains and dividend taxes. Whereas normal income from work is taxed at steep, progressive rates, these stock-affiliated earnings receive an artificial discount. If you make over $406,750 as a single person, you pay only a 20% tax on dividend earnings. And if you hold stocks/assets for over one year, you also qualify for this reduced rate.
Only 20% of qualified dividends and long-term capital gains are taxed for those making over $406,750 per year.
For me, as a single filer with projected earnings of less than $36,900 for 2014, I'm looking at a brilliant tax rate of 0%! You heard me right: zero percent! That means for every stock that I hold onto for over one year or qualified dividend I receive, I should be able to keep the entirety of that income. Here's where nifty financial planning will help lower my tax burden and increase the money in my pocket.
Today, I made a small (large for me, though) investment in Apple Inc. (AAPL). The stock is currently valued at $95.25, as of August 5, 2014. At that value, it is hardly one of the greatest income earners, but it pays a substantial 2% dividend yield. Simultaneously, Apple is still highly favorable among stock analysts — Yahoo Finance suggests that the collective price target is $104.79 within 1 year.
Based on stagnant yield growth, I should make about $31.96 per year from dividends. That's all income that should receive a 0% tax due to those gains. Based on about a 10% (possible) appreciation in Apple for one year, any gains will be completely protected from taxation — even after I sell the stock. I will again have the 0% tax liability.
This is the benefit! I'll be paying nothing via qualified dividends and long-term capital gains taxes!
The political climate around changing capital gains taxes is terrible. The regulations should change — they need to stop benefiting the wealthy. Warren Buffett has frequently complained about this tax code inconsistency, and suggested that it unfairly rewards the wealthy. I think he knows a thing or two about investing, too! Until then, and as a low-income earner, I need to use this system to my advantage to reduce my tax liability and increase earnings.


Divorce is a painful process, no doubt. There is really nothing like an "amicable" divorce. Thre are just some divorces that are "friendlier" than others.
Divorce gets messy sometimes, especially when they end up in court. But do all divorces have to end up in front of a judge? If a divorce is more of the "amicable" kind, then there is another option that does not the "amicable" more adversarial.
With mediation, both parties come together with a professional mediator and have discussions that are professional and respectful and they don't point fingers or assign blame, but instead lay out the relevant issues to discuss and a negotiation takes place on those issues so a mutually acceptable agreement can be reached. Here, there are no "winners," because the final agreement is satisfactory to both parties.
Mediation is a cost-effective and more collaborative option, but many attorneys won't necessarily recommend mediation for many divorces. Mediation is for couples which actually get along and share respect, have no significant ill will (such as cheating or violence/abuse), and any children are their top priority over the "stuff" they've accumulated.
Mediation is child-centered. Children in a relationship are traumatized with being through a divorce-court situation, because the adversarial nature tends to put children in a position of 'choosing" (if old enough) between parents, or just knowing the parents are going through the stress of an adversarial conflict.
Mediation is cost-effective. Even if a divorce in court is "amicable," court costs and attorney fees and other expenses can cost $20,000 or more, while a contested or "messy" divorce can easily cost six figures. A mediation could be had between spouses for $5,000-$10,000.
Mediation is fair and compliant. While divorce court is adversarial with a "winner" and "loser" and the parties ordered by a judge, mediation works out a negotiated settlement between the parties. In this sense, the parties collaborate to reach a beneficial agreement for both and both parties have a voice in the agreement.
Mediation can be an easier, more cost-effective, private and less-stressful way to end a marriage in a legal process. While not all divorces are good for meditation, this can be an alternative for amicable couples with children. Contact our divorce attorneys today for a consultation about your divorce situation to learn about mediation and whether it is right for your situation.
« Can I Move Out of State During Divorce?


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Q: Problem encountered while amplifying load cell signal with LM358 I have an S-type load cell to measure weight up to 100 Kg. Its datasheet mentions 3mV/V against full range and excitation voltage.
When no weight is applied, the voltage is 9.9 mV (Excitation is 10 V).
When I press the load cell manually, the voltage rises a few mV (like 14 to 17).
I designed a dual stage amplifier using an LM358 IC to amplify the voltage. The first stage is a differential amplifier with gain of 10 and the second a non-inverting amplifier, with a variable gain of 0 to 50 to achieve an output of around 10 V to feed to a PLC.
The circuit diagram is:
The Problem:
I get a 4 V output at LC2_O/P and doesn't change if I press the sensor.
However, if I apply somewhere between 0 - 0.1 V from my lab bench power supply, it shows a steady range of amplification.
Can someone please help?

A: If you replace the LM358 with an instrumentation amplifier then theoretically would work. Practically you will face one another problem, that is nulling.
Most instrumentation amplifiers requrire a REF input that has to be driven with a low impedance source, aka opamp. The purpose of REF is the null setpoint at zero load for your load cell, but this ref voltage gets only subtracted/added to the amplified signal. Therefore if the diferential signal at zero load is non-zero it gets aplified, so there is only little headroom left for the working range. The REF voltage is then subtracted/added to the already amplified signal.
The best approach is to subract/add tare (zero) before it gets amplified, thus having almost the entire supply voltage as operational range. Those are not classic instrumentational amplifiers
Fortunatelly there are some special instrumentation amplifiers, called indirect current feedback  instrumentation amplifier.

More info: Link
Link 2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Hermann Joseph Mitterer  (8 October 1762,Altenmarkt, Osterhofen, Lower Bavaria – 25 April 1829, Munich), was a German drawing teacher, founder of Munich's  Feiertägliche Zeichnungsschule (Holiday Drawing School) in 1792 and co-founder of  Feiertagsschule München (Holiday School Munich) in 1793, forerunners of later vocational schools. On Mitterer's initiative, drawing lessons were made compulsory in all schools in Bavaria as early as 1789. He also founded the first Lithographische Kunstanstalt (Lithographic Art Institute).

Mitterer was an honorary member of the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich and was awarded the greater Medal of Honor by the City of Munich in 1797. Mittererstrasse, in Ludwigsvorstadt near München Hauptbahnhof (Munich Central Station), is named after him.

Childhood and youth

Hermann Mitterer was the son of the baker and monastic grocer Anton Mitterer and his wife, Magdalena Krenn, in Altenmarkt (Old market), near Osterhofen Abbey. He initially attended Vornbach Abbey as a choirboy, then schooled at Passau, and finally at Munich where he graduated from grammar school in 1784 this after the death of both parents. Originally destined for theology, he became inclined towards mathematics and physics while in Passau where he also received drawing lessons. While in  Munich attended the drawing academy of the Bavarian landscape painter Johann Jakob von Dorner.

Drawing teacher and school founder

From 1791 Mitterer worked as a grammar school  drawing teacher in Munich and gave drawing lessons to journeymen, craftsmen and apprentices on a part-time basis. As he was convinced that the art of drawing was important for technical workers, he applied for a permit to establish an official school. This was granted on 26 March 1792 after which he set up a Holiday Drawing School. In 1793 another school for similar vocational training and further education was founded in Munich by Mitterer's friend Franz Xaver Kefer. Kefer's and Mitterer's schools were merged in 1798, which included artistic and technical drawing for artisans professionals. Mitterer also participated in the founding of the Baugewerksschule (Building Trades School)  in Munich.

Development of lithography
Mitterer's development in  lithography created inexpensive templates for drawing lessons, which had previously only been available in the form of copperplate engravings that were five times as expensive. Until then lithography had only been used for printing sheet music and lettering. In 1798 Mitterer refined Alois Senefelder's lithographic process in the chemistry laboratory and mechanical workshop of the Feiertagsschule München, under support from the directorate and colleagues of the institute. With this improved technique, it was then possible to produce coloured printed matter with fine halftones.

Since a previous bar press was unfavourable for chalk printing, Mitterer, with the help of Alois Ramis, the teacher of practical mechanics at the Feiertagsschule, invented the roller or star press, which ensured uniform pressure and became the model for all later presses, whereby the stone lay on a movable base which is pulled through the press under a fixed roller.

The Lithographic Art Institute
Mitterer became curator and Professor für Steingravierkunst (professor of stone engraving), at the Ersten lithographischen Kunstanstalt (Lithographic Art Institute) at Munich, and in 1815 became its administrator.

An important task of the Institute was the production of suitable wall charts for schools. Printed also were templates for drawing lessons, a special concern of Mitterer. Thus, on Mitterer's initiative, drawing lessons became compulsory at all Bavarian elementary schools from 1798.

On 7 November 1804, the printers, publishers, and lithographers Theobald and Geog Senefelder, by contract for an annual fee of 700 guilders, sold their own lithographic process to Mitterer's Institute, this under an agreement that the process remained secret during the life of the contract. The Institute began its work in October 1805, and for a long time, Munich was regarded as the centre for the technical perfection of lithography.  The commercial success of the process, which found sales beyond the borders of Germany, contributed significantly to the financial security of the Institute. Senefelder objected to this commercialization of the process and in 1806 attempted to have the Institute closed down, however, he only succeeded in having Mitterer's privilege limited to the "production and publishing of such art articles" as related to pattern books and artists' lithographs for teaching purposes.

When, on 27 January 1808, the Ordinance on Land Surveying in Bavaria was published, the influential civil servant, administrator and  entrepreneur for the development of Bavaria, Joseph von Utzschneider, insisted that maps be reproduced not by copperplate engraving but by lithography. This map series was produced under Mitterer's instruction and assistance.

Published lithographic illustrations

 1797 – Poisonous Plants for Schools
 1804 – Anfangsgründe der Figurenzeichnung in Handzeichnungsmanier zur Selbsterlernung (Initial principles of figure drawing in hand drawing manner for self-learning')
 1805-1807 - under Lithographic Art Products including flowers, figures, portraits, after masters in the hand-drawn manner by significant Munich artists
 1820 – Anleitung zur Hydraulik für praktische Künstler und Werkmeister mit vorzüglicher Hinsicht auf das Brunnenwesen (Instructions on hydraulics for practical artists and master craftsmen with special reference to fountains). Verlag der Feyertags-Schule München (Publishing House of the Feyertags School Munich)
 1822 – Anleitung zur Mechanik für praktische Künstler und Werkmeister mit vorzüglicher Hinsicht auf den Mühlenbau (Instruction in mechanics for practical artists and master craftsmen with special reference to mill construction). Verlag der Feyertags-Schule München.
 1824-1826 – Anleitung zur bürgerlichen Baukunst und Bauzeichnung mit den nöthigsten Grundsätzen begleitet ((Guide to Civil Architecture and Architectural Drawing Accompanied by the Most Necessary Principles). Verlag der Feyertags-Schule München.
 1825 – Die deutsche Zimmerwerks-Kunst als Fortsetzung der bürgerlichen Baukunst und Bauzeichnung (The German Carpentry Art as a Continuation of Bourgeois Architecture and Architectural Drawing). Verlag der Feyertags-Schule München.

Sources and further reading
 Holland, Hyacinth; Mitterer, Hermann Joseph in Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB), Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1885, pp. 23-25
 Menges, Franz; Mitterer, Hermann Joseph in New German Biography (NDB), Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1994, p. 582.
 Wurst, Jurgen; "Hermann Josef Mitterer" in Wurst, Jürgen and Langheiter, Alexander (ed.), Monachia, Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich 2005, p. 170
 Ferchl, Franz Maria; History of the establishment of the first lithographic art institute at the holiday school for artists and technicians in Munich, Munich, 1862
 Conversation lexicon, or Concise Encyclopedic Dictionary for the Educated Estates, 1816
 Holg, Johann Nepomuk; Die Handwerks-Gesellen and Männliche Central Holiday School in Munich, Munich, 1863
 Weichselbaumer, M.; First Decade of Holiday School, 1793–1803
 "Mitterer, Hermann Joseph" in Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie Online, Rudolf Vierhaus (ed.)

References

External links

1762 births
1829 deaths
18th-century German educators
19th-century German educators
19th-century lithographers
People from Lower Bavaria


Michèle Thibodeau-DeGuire is a woman of firsts: one of the first women to study at École Polytechnique and the first woman to obtain a degree in civil engineering; the first president of the Association des diplômés de Polytechnique; the first woman consulting engineer; the first woman to be appointed general delegate abroad and the first woman recipient of the Prix Mérite of the Association des diplômés de Polytechnique.
Born in 1941, Ms. Thibodeau-DeGuire is the oldest in a family of four children. A graduate of École Polytechnique in 1963, she worked as a structural engineer for close to 20 years. To her credit are several bridges and other concrete structures, including the walls of the Décarie expressway for the firms Lalonde, Girouard, Letendre, and Francis Boulva et Associés.
In 1982, she was appointed Quebec's general delegate to New England. From her office in Boston, she carried out various mandates for the Quebec Ministère de Relations internationales, including forging and maintaining relations with the various levels of government of six north-eastern U.S. states, facilitating the export of Quebec products and monitoring major projects in the fields of energy, tourism, high technology and cultural products.
In 1984, École Polytechnique asked her to spearhead its first fundraising campaign. This return to her origins brought with it another major challenge, this time with a tragic twist: the events of December 1989. Drawing on her strengths, as she had done when diagnosed with cancer, the head of public relations at Polytechnique quickly set up the services required to help and comfort the stricken families, reassure students and meet the incessant demands of journalists around the world.
Ms. Thibodeau-DeGuire was appointed president and executive director of Centraide of Greater Montréal in April 1991. A determined woman who knows how to surround herself with the right people, Ms. Thibodeau-DeGuire breathed new life into this philanthropic institution. She brought this organization closer to the people and enhanced its regional visibility by mobilizing leaders and decision-makers of various sectors of activity.
The "Centraide dynamo" today manages an organization that supports a veritable mutual aid network of 300 agencies and projects that help over 500,000 disadvantaged people in Greater Montréal. Centraide enlists over 62,000 volunteers, 22,000 of which work on its annual fundraising campaign. In 2000, the organization raised $37.3 million ($16.8 million more than in 1990) thanks to the commitment of volunteers and the generous contributions of 200,000 donors.
Michèle Thibodeau-DeGuire's determination, entrepreneurial skills, leadership, commitment to the community and unshakeable faith in people and their ability to reach their full potential are recognized and admired by her peers. In January 2001, the McGill University management faculty honored her with the McGill Management Achievement Award. She also received the Order of Merit in 1995 from the Association des diplômés de l'Université de Montréal and the community service award from the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers (August 1995). She is a member of the Canadian Academy of Engineers and the Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec, which awarded her the Grand Prix d'Excellence in 1995. Besides sitting on the board of directors of the Canadian Policy Research Networks, Ms. Thibodeau-DeGuire is also a governor of the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie of Laval and of the Association des diplômés de Polytechnique, which in 1994 awarded her its Prix Mérite.


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TV Update: Orchard is back; Arbec heads to CBC
This is indeed a big week in Montreal English language television circles when it comes to the evening news anchors and it involves all three stations: Global, CTV and CBC.
The folks at Global TV are all smiles as the wonderful Jamie Orchard gets set to return to her post as senior news anchor/news editor of the evening news on Monday, May 16. She is coming back from maternity leave after giving birth to her second son, Liam. I co-hosted a school board gala honouring our volunteers a few weeks ago and Jamie looked just grand.
There is also a great vive at CBC TV with the news that Debra Arbec is leaving CTV Montreal News, where she anchored late night and did a superb special "My Montreal" feature, to take over from Jennifer Hall as Andrew Chang's co-anchor. Arbec starts in early July after Hall and her family head back to their native land of London, Ontario.
How will CTV Montreal replace Arbec? While Paul Karwatsky has been anchoring late nights this week, his weekend co-anchor Tara Schwartz could get the gig. Reporter Aphrodite Salas filled in for Orchard at Global during her first maternity leave. Check out the great Fagstein blog for more on Arbec's move.
Mom's The Word
Global news director Karen MacDonald has found a novel way to welcome Jamie back with a new series on working moms, which kicks off on May 13 (6 p.m.). It is of course repeated at 11 a.m. and accessible online at globalmontreal.com. Mom's the Word is the title and focuses on ladies heading back to work after maternity leave, having trouble finding a day care and struggling to juggle career and family.
The six distinct features will be reported by Anne Leclair, a mother of three herself. You'll hear from a single mom sacrificing it all for her kids, watch maternity moms get back into shape, and hear how successful career mom/blogger Erica Diamond inspires mothers to "get off the fence" and follow their dreams. Plus, after each episode, you can share your thoughts with other working moms on Global Montreal's Facebook page.
On Thursday, May 19 at 8 p.m., you can connect with many of these successful working moms, including Diamond and Leclair in a LIVE BLOG. Jamie Orchard's Return "Trying to balance work and motherhood—I could tell you a few stories," Orchard said. "In this series, we talk to other working moms to see how they're coping."
Although Orchard has enjoyed her time with sons Liam and Luc, she is eager to return to the newsroom. "Newsrooms are very special places to work at – a bunch of adrenaline junkies grouped together, challenging each other to cover our local Montreal scene better than anyone else – that's addictive," says Orchard. "It's an insanely fun place to work and I really like the people I work with, so I'm excited to get back into it."
The Evening News with Jamie as anchor has received Best Newscast and Best Breaking News awards from the Radio/Television News Director's Association in the past five years. Born and raised in Montreal, Orchard is an active supporter of her community, and has been a board member of the Generations Foundation, the Missing Children's Network and the Action Centre, a day centre for Montrealers with disabilities. In 2004, Orchard was named one of Montreal`s most remarkable women by the Board of Trade of Montreal, she was a finalist in the YWCA Women of merit gala in 2007, and in 2008 she won the Izzy Asper Community Service Award for her work with The Action Centre.
Debra Arbec's New Role
Arbec (pictured below with some students from Merton Elementary School) will jointly host local CBC newscasts at 5 p.m., 5:30 p.m. and 6 p.m. alongside Chang and weather specialist Frank Cavallaro. This was a sharp move by CBC. Cavallaro already brought over a lot of credibility and viewers to the station when he signed on a few years ago. "We pride ourselves on delivering the be st local coverage from a team of journalists who understand Montreal issues," Pia Marquard, managing director for CBC Quebec. "Debra is definitely one of those journalists so we are delighted to have her join the CBC Montreal News team."
Born in Montreal and a graduate of Concordia's Journalism Department, Arbec also worked at CJAD, Mix 96 and The Weather Network. Throughout her career, she has received several journalism awards including the RTNDA Dan MacArthur Award for a special report on teen gambling. Most recently, she was a Canadian Association of Broadcasters Gold Ribbon finalist for her "My Montreal" reports on culture and traditions of multi-ethnic Montreal.
"I love this city and telling stories about our culture and the people who live here," said Arbec, whose husband Brian Wilde is a CTV sporstcaster. "I'm thrilled to join the CBC News team, so widely respected for its in-depth journalism and original reporting."
Labels: Andrew Chang, Aphrodite Salas, CTV Montteal, Debra Arbec CBC, Global Montreal, Jamie Orchard, Paul; Karwatsky, Tara Schwartz
Hats off to you Mike for hitting it out of the park! Global Montreal, CBC, CTV together at last- thanks for a great article.
Jake Phillips April 17, 2012
I commend all working mothers. It's not easy to be a working mom because you don't get enough time to spend with your family.
nyc moms
The great Russell Peters headlines Just For Laughs
Chomedey native Lieberman hits it big at Sun News ...
Coach Sergio Momesso? Pi Athlete Management plucks...
Everklian gains high marks
Andy Nulman's inside scoop on Howie Mandel
A closeup look at Montreal-bound Shawn Desman


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New boost for A64 dualling proposals
By Karen Darley
The existing route of the A64
PLANS to create a new section of dual carriageway to help relieve congestion on the A64 have been welcomed.
Highways England has concluded that further improvements to the Hopgrove junction alone would fail to deal with notorious congestion problems, and the pinch-point created by the single
carriageway to the east needs to be tackled.
Its transport specialists are now working on up four different options to provide a dual carriageway - three of them along the full 9.5kms of existing single carriageway between the Hopgrove roundabout and the next dualled section at Barton-le-Willows.
Two of the options follow the route of the current A64 for 1.8km from Hopgrove and then take a new alignment before re-joining the current A64 near the Jinnah Restaurant.
One runs to the north-west of the current route and the other runs to the north-west and then crosses to the south-east side. However, details of the proposed routes will not be revealed until next year.
A third option follows the current route as far as possible to reduce costs and environmental impact.
The final option would only provide dual carriageway as far as a new roundabout at Towthorpe Moor Lane.
Details of the proposals have been presented by Highways England to the A64 Growth Partnership, an alliance of local businesses, MPs, local authorities, trade organisations and the York, North Yorkshire and East Riding Enterprise Partnership.
Barry Dodd, chairman of the enterprise partnership, said it welcomed the news, but it was vital to dual all the way from from Hopgrove to Barton-le-Willows, instead of stopping short and moving the congestion a little further up the road.
He said: "Improving the connectivity of the transport network east-west across our area is vital for our growth, and nationally, we must work with everyone to make our united voices heard and make this investment happen."
Ryedale MP Kevin Hollinrake added: "I welcome the direction Highways England has adopted towards the A64 upgrade which shows that they now recognise that improvements to the Hopgrove Roundabout on its own are not enough."
Graham Bramham of Kingspan Limited, which has a manufacturing facility at Sherburn, near Malton, said "The A64 bottleneck and the Hopgrove junction seriously impact on our business, with an additional delay of up to an hour on our transport times during the frequent congestion."
Learning moves out into great outdoors
It's 'back to basics' for new pub owners
Ryedale fundraising group celebrates 20th anniversary
Fun for youngsters on offer at Malton Museum
High-fives for netball finalists
Ryedale residents reminded about fuel bill discount scheme
Win ticket to summer show
Teenage girl sought after pet cat shot with BB gun
Daughter inspires mum's 100-mile cycle challenge