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by Dariusz Paduch
When Pacific War broke out, the Japanese naval aviation had the world's most modern torpedo bomber—the Nakajima B5N2.
At that time, it was much better than the American Douglas TBD-1 Devastator and put the British Fairey Swordfish biplane one generation behind. The Japanese planes were faster, had better manoeuvrability, and could drop torpedoes from a greater height. After a successful debut at Pearl Harbour, B5Ns took part in all major naval battles up to 1944, permanently entering the history of aviation. Only at the turn of 1943/1944, this excellent plane began to be replaced by the modern Nakajima B6N Tenzan. But the road to B5N was not easy and was full of failures.
Predecessors
The Japanese Imperial Navy very early saw the need to have a modern torpedo-bomber, but subsequent development programs did not meet the expectations of Kaigun Koku Hombu. In the early 1930s, the Imperial Navy aviation had huge problems with equipping units with the appropriate class of aircraft of this type. The first Mitsubishi torpedo-bomber, the 1MT1 triplane, turned out to be unsuccessful and inconvenient to use due to its size. Further constructions improved the situation only temporarily.
The deck torpedo-bombers constituted an important factor in the Japanese doctrine of sea aviation, therefore the efforts to develop a world-class torpedo-bomber were not ceased. However, the competitions for a new machine announced every two years gave very poor results. In April 1932, Nakajima and Mitsubishi companies received the 7 Shi technical requirements for a new torpedo-bomber, but this time Kaigun Koku Hombu ordered the commencement of design work also at the Naval Aviation Arsenal in Yokosuka (Kaigun Kokusho) to protect against another failure. Soon there was a design for a fixed-undercarriage biplane with a mixed structure, powered by a Hiro Type 91 Model 2 V-engine with power of 750 hp. The assembly of the first prototype was completed the same year. Although it was a completely new design, the machine was given the designation "Modernized Type 13 Deck Torpedo-Bomber", implying that it was a development of the Mitsubishi B2M.
As feared, the results of the 7 Shi competition were tragic. Both Mitsubishi (3MT10) and Nakajima (B3N1) prototypes were lost in crashes, and Aichi's prototype—AB-8—which entered into the competition as a private venture, performed only slightly better than machines of that time. In this situation, despite the fact that the aircraft developed in Yokosuka proved difficult to fly during the tests and had great problems with maintaining air stability, it was decided to develop it further. In August 1933, the prototype was accepted for serial production. It was designated as "Type 92 Model 1 Deck Torpedo-Bomber" (B3Y1).
In total, about 130 aircraft of this type had been made by 1936, when production was halted. Type 92 Model 1 took an active part in the second Japanese Chinese conflict, taking off from the decks of aircraft carriers and land bases. B3Y1 was plagued by frequent engine failures, and it quickly turned out that they were ineffective. It was clear that the successor should be seriously considered.
In 1934, the command of the Imperial Navy announced an urgent need for a new torpedo-bomber that could replace the "not-so-successful" B3Y1. In this situation, Kaigun Koku Hombu developed the specification 9 Shi. In February 1934, Mitsubishi and Nakajima were traditionally invited to participate in the competition. In addition to them, the Yokosuka Naval Aviation Arsenal was also involved to develop its own project.
At Mitsubishi construction bureau, the development of the new aircraft was progressing fast. A team of designers led by Eng. Hajime Matsuhara, the creator of 3MT10, based on the earlier design, which accelerated the works enormously. The analysis of the causes of the 3MT10 failure showed that the aircraft had too much weight in relation to engine power. At the same time flight tests showed that the radial engines are more reliable, and one of the main criticisms of earlier designs was the failure rate of the in-line engines. Taking these observations into account, Eng. Matsuhara decided to use a radial engine on the new Ka-12 torpedo-bomber (Ka-12 was a factory designation given to this machine), because, in addition to greater reliability, this solution allowed to reduce the weight of the aircraft. On the assumption that a proprietary product is better, the Mitsubishi A-9 engine, which still was developed, was chosen instead of a refined Nakajima Hikari 1 engine with similar power. The latter turned out to be a big failure. As early as August 1934, a prototype of the new aircraft was ready. It was a classic mixed-structure biplane with a fixed landing gear. The machine took off for the first time from the Kagamigahara airfield on August 25, 1934. After handing it over to the Navy for further trials, the aircraft was given the designation "9 Shi Experimental Torpedo-Bomber" (B4M1).
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Kyocera Tempo E2000 currently has an Informr score of 6.3 out of 10. This score is based on our evaluation of 5 sources including reviews from users and the web's most trusted critics.
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Is it just me or do Relient K sound a bit like the Beach Boys on this album? It's not a bad thing that the Ohio natives jingles have a delightfully Beach Boyish glow to their vocal harmony (such as on "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas") it's actually a part of what makes this album such an attractive Christmas CD – something familiar mixed with Relient K's complete originality in arrangement and songwriting. When you start the album you think you're in for just a "nice bunch of Christmas songs", but the guys liven the arrangements up and create some fun originals for the masses. The band photos on the album sleeve are priceless with the band posing in angel wings and hugging a teddy bear. "Merry Christmas, Here's to Many More" is a potent narrative and says, "And living out my days alone, well, that had been my deepest fear/But you promised you won't leave/I look towards the east and see a star/Jesus Christ, it's blessed my life to know just who you are/you are my hope".
A very punk rock version of "Angels We Have Heard on High" is great and where Theissen comments on a "partridge and a pear tree" in "12 Days of Christmas where he says they're the most terrible Christmas gifts ever is priceless. "I Celebrate the Day" is one of the best and most insightful tracks on the album with, "From the first day that you opened your eyes, did you realize that you would be my Savior?" All of the songs add a unique element both uplifting and original and traditional all mixed, which is the best way to make a new Christmas album. If there is a new Christmas album you should have playing this Christmas season it's Relient K's Let it Snow Baby…Let it Reindeer.


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text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

Dark matter (DM) is estimated to account for about 23\% of the total mass of the universe, and to be five times more abundant than the known baryonic matter. While the existence of DM is inferred from astrophysical observations, there is very little information about its nature or how it interacts with ordinary matter.

In this paper, we consider a simplified scenario~\cite{Maverick,JHEP10081,PhysRevD.82.116010} in which DM has a particle explanation and, in particular, there is only one new Dirac fermion related to DM within the energy reach of the LHC. The fermion interacts with quarks via a four-fermion contact interaction, which can be described by an effective field theory (EFT) Lagrangian:
\begin{equation}
L_{\text{int}} = \sum_{q} \sum_{i} C_{q\,i}~ \bigl(\overline{q}\Gamma_{i}^{q}{\mathrm{q}}\bigr)\bigl(\overline{\chi}\Gamma_{i}^{\chi}\chi\bigr),
\label{eft}
\end{equation}
where $C$ represents the coupling constant, which usually depends on the scale of the interaction ($M_{*}$). The operator $\Gamma$ describes the type of the interaction, including scalar ($\Gamma=1$), pseudoscalar ($\Gamma=\gamma^{5}$), vector ($\Gamma=\gamma^{\mu}$), axial vector ($\Gamma=\gamma^{\mu}\gamma^{5}$), and tensor interactions ($\Gamma=\sigma^{\mu\nu}$).  The exact value of the constant $C$ depends on the particular type of the interaction.

This scenario can lead to the production of DM particles in association with a hard parton, a photon, or a W or Z boson.  The first two production modes are usually referred to as monojets~\cite{Maverick,PhysRevD.82.116010,PhysRevD.85.056011,PhysRevD.86.015010,PhysRevD.84.095013} and monophotons~\cite{PhysRevD.85.056011}, respectively. Recent monojet results from the ATLAS~\cite{atlas7tev} and CMS~\cite{CMS:rwa} Collaborations have placed lower limits on $M_{*}$ for some typical couplings in Eq.~(\ref{eft}). The ATLAS Collaboration~\cite{PhysRevLett.112.041802} has also searched for DM particles in events with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson. Assuming a DM particle with a mass of 100\GeV, the excluded interaction scales are below about 60\GeV~\cite{PhysRevLett.112.041802}, 1040\GeV~\cite{CMS:rwa}, 1010\GeV~\cite{CMS:rwa}, and 2400~\cite{PhysRevLett.112.041802}\GeV for scalar, vector, axial-vector, and tensor interactions, respectively, and the excluded scale is below 410\GeV~\cite{CMS:rwa} for a scalar interaction between DM particles and gluons.

The exclusion limit for a scalar interaction between DM particles and quarks is the least stringent among all the interaction types that have been probed. In
this interaction the coupling strength is proportional to the mass of the quark:
\begin{equation}
L_{\text{int}} = \frac{m_{\PQq}}{M^{3}_{*}} \overline{q}{q}\overline{\chi}\chi.
\label{d1}
\end{equation}

As a consequence, couplings to light quarks are suppressed. A recent paper~\cite{PhysRevD.88.063510} suggested that the sensitivity to the scalar interaction can be improved by searching in final states with third-generation quarks. It has also been noted that the inclusion of heavy quark loops in the calculation of monojet production ~\cite{Haisch:2012kf} increases the expected sensitivity.

In this paper, we report on a search for the production of DM particles in association with a pair of top quarks, and consider only the scalar interaction. The ATLAS Collaboration has recently searched for DM particles in association with heavy quarks~\cite{ATLAS_heavyQuarks}, placing more stringent limits on the scalar interaction between DM particles and quarks than the mono-W/Z search~\cite{PhysRevLett.112.041802}. Assuming a DM particle with a mass of 100\GeV, the excluded interaction scale is 120\GeV for scalar interaction between top quarks and DM particles. Figure~\ref{fig:ggtottxx} shows the dominant diagram for this production at the LHC. In this paper we focus our search on events with one lepton (electron or muon) in the final state.

\begin{figure}[tbh]
 \begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{figs/ggchichiv1_largefont_noarrow.pdf}
   \caption{Dominant diagram contributing to the production of DM particles in association with top quarks at the LHC.}
   \label{fig:ggtottxx}
 \end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{The CMS Detector}
\label{sec:CMS}

The central feature of the CMS apparatus is a superconducting solenoid of 6\unit{m} internal diameter, providing a magnetic field of 3.8\unit{T}.  Within the field volume are a silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL), and a brass and scintillator hadron calorimeter (HCAL), each composed of a barrel and two endcap sections. Muons are measured in gas-ionization detectors embedded in the steel flux-return yoke outside the solenoid. Extensive forward calorimetry complements the coverage provided by the barrel and endcap detectors. A more detailed description of the CMS detector, together with a definition of the coordinate system used and the relevant kinematic variables, can be found in Ref.~\cite{Chatrchyan:2008zzk}.

\section{Data and simulated samples}
The data used in this search were recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at $\sqrt{s}= 8$\TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $19.7\fbinv$.  The data were collected using single-electron and single-muon triggers, with transverse momentum (\pt) thresholds of 27 and 24\GeV, respectively.  The efficiencies of these triggers in data and simulation are compared, measured using a tag-and-probe method~\cite{tagAndProbe}, and correction factors are applied to the simulation.

DM signals are generated with \MADGRAPH v5.1.5.11~\cite{madgraph} leading order (LO) matrix element generator using the CTEQ6L1 parton distribution functions (PDF)~\cite{Pumplin:2002vw}. The dominant standard model (SM) background processes for this search are \ttbar{}+jets,  $\ttbar+\gamma/\PW/\Z$, \PW+jets, single top quark, diboson (WW, WZ, and ZZ) and Drell--Yan events. All of these backgrounds except single top quark and WW events, are generated with the \MADGRAPH using CTEQ6L1 PDF.  The top-quark \pt distributions in the \ttbar{}+jet sample generated from \MADGRAPH are reweighted to match the CMS measurements, following the method described in Ref.~\cite{topPt}. Single top quark processes are generated with the next-to-LO (NLO) generator \POWHEG v1.0 using the CTEQ6M PDF~\cite{Pumplin:2002vw}.  The WW background is generated with the \PYTHIA v6.424~\cite{pythia}. All events generated with \MADGRAPH are matched to the \PYTHIA~\cite{pythia} parton shower description.  All events are passed through the detailed simulation of the CMS detector based on {\sc GEANT4} v9.4~\cite{Agostinelli:2002hh}.

The cross sections of \ttbar{}+jets~\cite{Czakon:2013goa} and $\PW/\Z$+jets~\cite{Quackenbush2013209} backgrounds are calculated at next-to-NLO. Other backgrounds are calculated at NLO. The single top quark cross section is taken from Ref.~\cite{Kidonakis:2012db}, the $\ttbar+\Z$ cross section from Ref.~\cite{ttWttZ_NLO}, the $\ttbar+\PW$ cross section from Ref.~\cite{ttW_NLO}, the $\ttbar+\gamma$ cross section from Ref.~\cite{PhysRevD.83.074013} and the diboson cross sections are from Ref.~\cite{VV_LHC}.

Additional minimum bias events in the same LHC bunch crossing (pileup) are added to all simulated events, with a distribution in number matching that observed in data.

\section{Object reconstruction}
A particle-flow (PF) based event reconstruction~\cite{PFT-09-001,PFT-10-001} is used by CMS, which takes into account information from all subdetectors, including charged-particle tracks from the tracking system and deposited energy from the ECAL and HCAL. Given this information, all particles in the event are classified into mutually exclusive categories: electrons, muons, photons, charged hadrons, and neutral hadrons. Primary vertices are reconstructed using a deterministic annealing filter algorithm~\cite{Chabanat:865587}, with the event primary vertex defined as the vertex with the largest sum of the squares of the \pt of the tracks associated with that vertex.

Electron candidates are reconstructed from energy clusters in the ECAL matched with tracks ~\cite{epjcs10052-006-0175-5}. The electron trajectory in the tracker volume is reconstructed with a Gaussian sum filter~\cite{gsf} algorithm that takes into account the possible emission of bremsstrahlung photons in the silicon tracker. The electron momentum is then determined from the combination of ECAL and tracker measurements. Electrons are identified by placing requirements on the ECAL shower shape, the matching between the tracker and the ECAL, the relative energy fraction deposited in HCAL and ECAL, the transverse and longitudinal impact parameters of the tracker track with respect to the event primary vertex, photon conversion rejection, and the isolation variable $R^{\Pe}_{\text{Iso}}$. The isolation variable is defined as the ratio to the electron transverse momentum, of the sum of \pt of all other PF candidates reconstructed in a cone of radius $\Delta R=\sqrt{\smash[b]{(\Delta\eta)^{2} + (\Delta\phi)^{2}}} = 0.3$ around the electron candidate, where $\eta$ is the pseudorapidity and $\phi$ is the azimuthal angle. The \pt sum in the isolation cone is corrected for the contributions of pileup interactions on an event-by-event basis. Isolated electrons satisfy $R^{\Pe}_{\text{Iso}}<0.1$. The electron is required not to be in the transition region between the barrel and the endcap ECAL ($1.44<\abs{\eta}<1.57$) because the reconstruction of an electron object in this region is not optimal~\cite{epjcs10052-006-0175-5}. After all these requirements, electrons are selected if they satisfy $\pt > 30$\GeV and $\abs{\eta} <2.5$.

Muon candidates are reconstructed by combining tracks from the tracker and muon system~\cite{1748-0221-7-10-P10002}, resulting in ``global-muon tracks''. The PF muons are selected among reconstructed muon track candidates by imposing minimal requirements on the track components in the muon system and taking into account matching with small energy deposits in the calorimeters~\cite{PFT-09-001,PFT-10-001}. Muons from cosmic rays and from light hadrons that decay in flight, or from b hadrons, and hadrons misidentified as muons are suppressed by applying requirements on the quality of the global-muon fit, the number of hits in the muon detector and in the tracker, the transverse and longitudinal impact parameters of the tracker track with respect to the event primary vertex, and the isolation variable. The muon isolation variable ($R^{\mu}_{\text{Iso}}$) is defined in a similar manner to that for electrons, but with a cone of radius $\Delta R=0.4$. Isolated muons must satisfy $R^{\mu}_{\text{Iso}}<0.12$. After all these requirements, muons are selected if they satisfy $\pt > 30$\GeV and $\abs{\eta} <2.1$.

Both electron and muon identification efficiencies are measured via the tag-and-probe technique using inclusive samples of $\Z\to\ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ events from data and simulation. Correction factors are used to account for the difference in performance of the lepton identification between data and simulation.

Jets are reconstructed from PF candidates that are clustered with the anti-\kt algorithm~\cite{Cacciari:2008gp} with a distance parameter of 0.5, using the \FASTJET package~\cite{Cacciari:2011ma}. Jet energy scale corrections obtained from data and simulation are applied to account for the response function of the combined calorimetry to hadronic showers and pileup effects~\cite{Soyez:2012hv,Perloff:2012wpa}.  The jet \pt resolution in simulation is adjusted to match that measured in data~\cite{JECpaper}. Jet candidates are required to have $\pt>30$\GeV and $\abs{\eta} < 4.0$, and to satisfy a very loose set of quality criteria~\cite{JECpaper}. The combined secondary vertex (CSV) b-tagging algorithm~\cite{BTAGpaper} is used to identify jets from the hadronization of b quarks. The CSV algorithm exploits the large impact parameters and probable presence of a displaced vertex which are common in b-quark-initiated jets. This information is combined in a likelihood discriminant providing a continuous output between 0 and 1. In this search, a selected jet is considered to be b-tagged if it has a CSV discriminant value greater than 0.679 and $\abs{\eta} <2.4$. The b-tagging efficiency is approximately 70\% (20\%) for jets originating from a b (c) quark and the mistagging probability for jets originating from light quarks or gluons is approximately 2\%. An event-by-event correction factor is applied to simulated events to account for the difference in performance of the b-tagging between data and simulation~\cite{bTagSF}.

Missing transverse energy (\MET) is measured as the magnitude of the vectorial \pt sum of all PF candidates, taking into account the jet energy corrections.

\section{Event selection}
\label{selection}
In semileptonic $\ttbar$ decays, two b quarks and two light quarks are produced. Therefore most of the selected signal events contain at least four jets. However, we set the requirement to be three or more rather than four  or more identified jets in an event, since this is found to improve the search sensitivity by 10\%.  In addition, we require at least one b-tagged jet (``b jet'') in the event, and only one identified isolated lepton.

Signal events usually have larger $\MET$ than the backgrounds because of two DM particles, neither of which leave any energy in the detector. Events are therefore required to have $\MET > 160$\GeV. These selection criteria are referred to as the ``preselection''. After preselection, the dominant backgrounds are from \ttbar and W+jets production. Other backgrounds include single top, Drell--Yan and diboson production. The QCD multijet contribution to the background is negligible because of the requirements of a high-\pt isolated lepton, large $\MET$, and a b-tagged jet.

To improve the search sensitivity, we further select events with $\MET> 320$\GeV. The remaining \PW+jets and most \ttbar backgrounds contain
a single leptonically decaying W boson. The transverse mass, defined as $\mt\equiv \sqrt{\smash[b]{2\MET \pt^\ell(1-\cos(\Delta\phi))}}$, where $\pt^\ell$ is the transverse momentum of the lepton and $\Delta\phi$ is the opening angle in azimuth between the lepton and $\ptvecmiss$ vector, is constrained kinematically to $\mt<M_{\PW}$ for the on-shell W boson decay in the \ttbar and \PW+jets events. For signal events, off-shell W boson decays, and \ttbar dilepton decay channel, \mt can exceed $M_{\PW}$. Therefore a requirement of $\mt> 160$\GeV is applied to increase the discrimination of the background relative to the signal.

The dominant background with large \mt arises from dileptonic \ttbar events where one of the leptons is unobserved, illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:mt2w}. The $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$ variable~\cite{MT2W} is exploited to further reduce this type of background.  This variable is defined as the minimal ``parent'' particle mass compatible with all the transverse momenta and mass-shell constraints, assuming two identical parent particles, each of mass $m_\mathrm{y}$, decaying to bW:
\begin{equation}
M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}  =  \min \left( m_{\mathrm{y}} \text{ consistent with: } \left\{
\begin{aligned}
&\vec{p}_{1}^{\mathrm{T}} + \vec{p}_{2}^{\mathrm{T}} = \ptvecmiss, p_{1}^{2}=0, (p_{1} + p_{\ell})^{2} = p_{2}^{2} = M^{2}_{\PW}, \\
&(p_{1}+p_{\ell}+p_{\mathrm{b1}})^{2} = (p_{2} + p_{\mathrm{b2}})^{2} = m^{2}_{\mathrm{y}}
\end{aligned}
\right\} \right),
\label{eq:mt2w}
\end{equation}

where the momentum of the W boson that decays to an unreconstructed lepton is indicated by $p_2$, and the momentum of the neutrino from the decay of the other W boson is indicated by $p_1$. In particular, the intermediate W bosons are assumed to be on-shell, thus adding more kinematic information to suppress dileptonic \ttbar events where one lepton is lost. In \ttbar events, the $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$ distribution has a kinematic end-point at the top-quark mass, assuming perfect measurements with the detector. By contrast, this is not the case for signal events where two additional DM particles are present. The calculation of $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$ requires that at least two b jets be identified and be paired correctly to the lepton. When only one b jet is selected, each of the first three remaining highest \pt jets is considered as the second b jet. When two or more b jets are selected, all the b jets in the event are used. The $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$ value is then calculated for all possible jet-lepton combinations and the minimum value is taken as the event discriminant. We select events with $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW} > 200$\GeV.

\begin{figure}[tbh]
 \begin{center}
   \includegraphics[width=0.28\textwidth]{figs/MT2W.png}
   \caption{Schematic of a dileptonic \ttbar event where only one lepton is reconstructed~\cite{MT2W}. This represents the dominant type of \ttbar background to this search. The momentum of the W boson that decays to an unreconstructed lepton is indicated by $p_2$, and the momentum of the neutrino from the decay of the other W boson is indicated by $p_1$. The same notation is used in Eq.~(\ref{eq:mt2w}).}
   \label{fig:mt2w}
 \end{center}
\end{figure}

In addition, the jets and the $\ptvecmiss$ tend to be more separated in $\phi$ in signal events than in \ttbar background. We therefore require the minimum opening angle in $\phi$ between each of the first two leading jets and $\ptvecmiss$ to be larger than 1.2. In summary, the signal region (SR) for our search is $\MET>320$\GeV, $\mt>160$\GeV, $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW} > 200$\GeV and min $\Delta\phi(j_{1,2},\ptvecmiss) > 1.2$.  These selection criteria are optimized based on the expected significance for DM masses between 1 and 1000\GeV.

Figure~\ref{fig:cut26} shows the distributions of \MET, $\mt$, $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$, and min $\Delta\phi(j_{1,2},\ptvecmiss)$ after applying all other selections except the one plotted, indicating their power of discrimination between signal and background. In these distributions, the \ttbar{}+jets and \PW+jets backgrounds have been adjusted by the scale factors (SF), as described in section~\ref{sec:background}.

\begin{figure}[phbt]
 \begin{center}
   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figs/n-1/met.pdf}
   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figs/n-1/mt.pdf}
   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figs/n-1/mt2w.pdf}
   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figs/n-1/mindphij1j2met.pdf}
  \caption{Distributions of $\MET$, $\mt$, $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$, and min $\Delta\phi(j_{1,2},\ptvecmiss)$ after applying SFs for \ttbar{}+jets and \PW+jets backgrounds, as described in section~\ref{sec:background}. Each distribution is plotted after applying all other selections, which are indicated by the arrows on the relevant distributions. Two simulated DM signals with mass $M_{\chi}$ of 1 and 600\GeV and an interaction scale $M_{*}$ of 100\GeV are included for comparison. The hatched region represents the total uncertainty in the background prediction. The last bin of the \MET, \mt and $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$ distributions includes the overflow. The horizontal bar on each data point indicates the width of the bin.}
  \label{fig:cut26}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Background estimation}
\label{sec:background}

Standard model backgrounds are estimated from simulation, with data-to-simulation SFs applied
to the dominant backgrounds from \ttbar{}+jets and \PW+jets.

Two control regions (CR) are defined to extract these SFs. One is the preselection with the additional requirement of $\mt>160\GeV$ (CR1). The sample in CR1 is dominated by \ttbar{}+jets background. The other (CR2) is defined the same way as CR1 except that no jet should satisfies the b-tag requirement, resulting in a sample enriched in \PW+jets events. The subdominant backgrounds are subtracted from the distributions observed in data in order to obtain a data sample that has only \ttbar{}+jets and \PW+jets background contributions. The \ttbar{}+jets and \PW+jets SFs are then obtained by matching simultaneously to data the $\mt$ distribution in CR1 and the $\MET$ distribution in CR2. The obtained SFs for \ttbar{}+jets and \PW+jets are $1.11\pm0.02$\stat and $1.26\pm0.06$\stat, respectively.  These SFs are propagated to the SR to estimate the background. The level of DM signal contamination in the two CRs is estimated to be small and therefore has negligible impact on the background estimation in the SR. Figures~\ref{fig:afterFitCR1} and~\ref{fig:CR2} show the distributions of $\MET$, $\mt$, $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$, and min $\Delta\phi(j_{1,2},\ptvecmiss)$ with the SFs applied in CR1 and CR2, respectively. The data are in good agreement with expectations from SM background.

\begin{figure}[p!hbt]
 \begin{center}
   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figs/met160mt160/met.pdf}
   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figs/met160mt160/mt.pdf}
   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figs/met160mt160/mt2w.pdf}
   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figs/met160mt160/mindphij1j2met.pdf}
   \caption{Distributions of $\MET$, $\mt$, $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$, and min $\Delta\phi(j_{1,2},\ptvecmiss)$ in CR1 after applying the SFs for \ttbar{}+jets and \PW+jets backgrounds, as described in section~\ref{sec:background}. Two simulated DM signals with mass $M_{\chi}$ of 1 and 600\GeV and an interaction scale $M_{*}$ of 100\GeV are included for comparison. The hatched region represents the total uncertainty in the background prediction. The error bars on the data-to-background ratio take into account both the statistical uncertainty in data and the total uncertainty in the background prediction. The last bin of the \MET, \mt, and $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$ distributions includes the overflow. The horizontal bar on each data point indicates the width of the bin.}
   \label{fig:afterFitCR1}
 \end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[phbt]
 \begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figs/met160mt160_0btag/met.pdf}
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figs/met160mt160_0btag/mt.pdf}
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figs/met160mt160_0btag/mt2w.pdf}
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figs/met160mt160_0btag/mindphij1j2met.pdf}
    \caption{Distributions of $\MET$, $\mt$, $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$, and min $\Delta\phi(j_{1,2},\ptvecmiss)$ in CR2 after applying the SFs for \ttbar{}+jets and \PW+jets backgrounds, as described in section~\ref{sec:background}. Two simulated DM signals with mass $M_{\chi}$ of 1 and 600\GeV and an interaction scale $M_{*}$ of 100\GeV are included for comparison. The hatched region represents the total uncertainty in the background prediction. The error bars on the data-to-background ratio take into account both the statistical uncertainty in data and the total uncertainty in the background prediction. The last bin of the \MET, \mt, and $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$ distributions includes the overflow. The horizontal bar on each data point indicates the width of the bin.}
   \label{fig:CR2}
 \end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Systematic uncertainties}
\label{sys}

The normalization and shape of the distributions used to establish a possible DM signal are subject both to experimental and theoretical uncertainties.

The data-to-simulation SFs for \ttbar{}+jets and \PW+jets are extracted from the CRs, as described in the previous section. For the background estimation, the use of SFs largely removes the uncertainties from the integrated luminosity, lepton identification and trigger efficiencies, and from cross sections of the two backgrounds. Other systematic uncertainties can be constrained by refitting the data in the CRs, as described in the following.

The \ttbar{}+jets and \PW+jets SFs are obtained from CRs in which other backgrounds are present as well. We conservatively assign a 50\% uncertainty for other backgrounds to account for possible missing higher order terms as well as mismodelling of kinematic properties from the simulation. This uncertainty results in a change of 5\% and 9\% for the \ttbar{}+jets and \PW+jets SFs, respectively. Propagating these changes to the SR, the impact on the total background prediction is found to be 10\%.

The stability of the SFs is checked through changes in the definitions of the CRs. These include tightening
the $\MET$ requirement or applying selections on $M_{\mathrm{T2}}^{\PW}$, and min $\Delta\phi(j_{1,2},\ptvecmiss)$.
An uncertainty of 40\% for the \PW+jets SF is assigned from these CR tests. No significant change is observed in the
SF for \ttbar{}+jets.

The \pt distributions of top quarks in the \ttbar{}+jets simulation is reweighted to match the data. The reweighting uncertainty is estimated by changing the nominal reweighting factor to unity or to the square of the reweighting factor, resulting in a change of $\pm$14\% for the \ttbar{}+jets SF and only negligible impact on the \PW+jet SF. Propagating these SFs to the SR, a systematic uncertainty of 10\% is estimated for the \ttbar{}+jets background prediction from the reweighting. The stability of the \ttbar{}+jets background prediction is also checked by varying the \MADGRAPH factorization and renormalization scale parameters, or the scale parameter for the matrix element and parton shower matching, by a factor of two. The resulting predictions are consistent with the nominal \ttbar{}+jets background prediction.

The remaining dominant experimental systematic uncertainties are from corrections in jet energy scale and resolution. Correction factors are separately varied by $\pm$1 standard deviation and $\MET$ is recalculated accordingly. These changes in the jet energy scale and resolution correction factors contribute uncertainties of 4\% and 3\% in the estimate of the background, respectively. The uncertainties in the background yield due to b-tagging correction factors are estimated to be 1.0\% and 1.8\% for heavy-flavour and light-flavour jets, respectively. The uncertainty in the pileup model contributes an uncertainty of 2.0\% in the background estimate.

The theoretical uncertainty related to the choice of the PDF set is evaluated by reweighting the background samples using three PDF sets: CT10~\cite{CT10}, MWST2008~\cite{MSTW2008}, and NNPDF2.3 ~\cite{NNPDF2.3}, following the PDF4LHC recommendation~\cite{PDF4LHC,Botje:2011sn}. For each PDF set, an uncertainty band is derived from the different error PDF sets, including the uncertainties due to the strong coupling constant $\alpha_{\mathrm{S}}$. The envelope of these three error bands is taken as the PDF uncertainty, which leads to a 2.6\% uncertainty in the background estimate.

Table~\ref{tab:bkgRelErr} summarizes the systematic uncertainties and their impact on the background prediction in the SR.

The following sources of systematic uncertainty associated with the signal expectation are taken into account. The integrated luminosity is measured with precision of 2.6\%~\cite{LUM-13-001}.  Lepton trigger and identification efficiencies are measured with a precision of 2\% and 1\%, respectively.  Uncertainties in the jet energy scale and resolution correction factors yield uncertainties of 2--3\% and less than 1\%, respectively, depending on the mass hypotheses for the DM particle. Uncertainties in the b-tagging correction factors for heavy-flavour and light-flavour jets yield uncertainties of 3--4\% and less than 1\%, respectively.

\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\topcaption{Systematic uncertainties from various sources and their impact on the total background prediction. }
\begin{tabular}{ c | c  }
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{Source of systematic uncertainties} &  Relative uncertainty on \\
 &  total background (\%) \\ \hline
50\% normalization uncert. of other bkg in deriving SFs & 10 \\
$\mathrm{SF}_{\PW\text{+jets}}$ (CR tests) & 13  \\
\ttbar{}+jets top-quark \pt reweighting & 3.9  \\
Jet energy scale & 4.0 \\
Jet energy resolution & 3.0 \\
b-tagging correction factor (heavy flavour) & 1.0 \\
b-tagging correction factor (light flavour) & 1.8\\
Pileup model & 2.0 \\
PDF & 2.6 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:bkgRelErr}
\end{table}

\section{Results}
\label{res}

Table~\ref{tab:bkg_finalcut} lists the number of events observed in the SR, along with the background prediction and expected number of signal events for a DM particle with mass of $M_{\chi}=1\GeV$ and an interaction scale $M_{*}= 100\GeV$. We observe no excess of events in the SR and set 90\% confidence level (CL) upper limits on the production cross section of DM particles in association with a pair of top quarks. The choice of 90\% CL is made in order to allow direct comparisons with related limits from astrophysical observations. A modified-frequentist $\mathrm{CL_{\mathrm{s}}}$ method~\cite{Read1,junkcls} is used to evaluate the upper limits, with both statistical and systematic uncertainties taken into account in the limit setting.

\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\topcaption{Expected number of background events in the SR, expected number of signal events for a DM particle with the mass $M_{\chi}= 1\GeV$, assuming an interaction scale $M_{*}= 100\GeV$, and observed data. The statistical and systematic uncertainties are given on the expected yields.}
\begin{tabular}{c|c}
\hline
Source & Yield ($\pm$stat $\pm$syst) \\ \hline
$\ttbar$ &  $8.2\pm0.6\pm1.9$ \\
W & $5.2\pm1.8\pm2.1$ \\
Single top &  $2.3\pm1.1\pm1.1$ \\
Diboson & $0.5\pm0.2\pm0.2$ \\
Drell--Yan & $0.3\pm0.3\pm0.1$ \\ \hline
Total Bkg & $16.4\pm2.2\pm2.9$ \\
Data & 18  \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:bkg_finalcut}
\end{table}

Table~\ref{tab:signal_eff} shows the signal efficiencies and the observed and expected upper limits on the $\Pp\Pp\to \ttbar+\chi\overline{\chi}$ production cross section for seven mass hypotheses of the DM particle. The relatively low values of signal efficiencies of 1--3\% are mostly due to the requirement of $\MET>320$\GeV. Cross sections larger than 20 to 55\unit{fb} are excluded at 90\% CL for DM particles with mass ranging from 1 to 1000\GeV.  Interpreting the results in the context of a scalar interaction between DM particles and top quarks, we set lower limits on the interaction scale $M_{*}$, shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:limit}. Assuming a DM particle with a mass of 100\GeV, values of the interaction scale below 118\GeV are excluded at 90\% CL.

\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\topcaption{Expected number of signal events in SR assuming an interaction scale $M_{*}= 100\GeV$, signal efficiencies, and observed and expected limits at 90\% CL on production cross sections for $\Pp\Pp\to \ttbar+\chi\bar{\chi}$,  for various DM particle masses.}
\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c}
\hline
$M_{\chi}$ (\GeVns) &Yield ($\pm$stat $\pm$syst) & Signal efficiency (\%) ($\pm$stat $\pm$syst) & $\sigma^{\lim}_{\text{exp}}$\,(fb) & $\sigma^{\lim}_{\text{obs}}$\,(fb)  \\ \hline
1 &$38.3\pm0.7\pm2.1$ & $1.01\pm0.02\pm0.05$ & $47^{+21}_{-13}$ & 55  \\
10 &$37.8\pm0.7\pm2.1$ &$1.01\pm0.02\pm0.05$ & $46^{+21}_{-13}$ & 54 \\
50 &$35.1\pm0.6\pm1.9$ & $1.20\pm0.02\pm0.06$  & $39^{+18}_{-11}$ & 45 \\
100 &$30.1\pm0.4\pm1.7$ & $1.46\pm0.02\pm0.07$ & $32^{+14}_{-9}$ & 37 \\
200 &$18.0\pm0.2\pm1.0$ & $1.73\pm0.02\pm0.08$ & $27^{+12}_{-8}$ & 32 \\
600 &$1.26\pm0.02\pm0.07$ & $2.40\pm0.03\pm0.11$ & $19^{+9}_{-6}$ & 23 \\
1000 &$0.062\pm0.001\pm0.003$ & $2.76\pm0.04\pm0.13$ & $17^{+8}_{-5}$ & 20 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:signal_eff}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[hbt]
 \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=0.56\textwidth]{figs/cls_1l.pdf}
       \caption{Observed exclusion limits in the plane of DM particle mass and interaction scale, with the region below the solid curve excluded at a 90\% CL. The background-only expectations are represented by their median (dashed line) and by the 68\% and 95\% CL bands. A lower bound of the validity of the EFT is indicated by the upper edge of the hatched area. The four curves, corresponding to different g and R values, represent the lower bound on $M_{*}$ for which 50\% and 80\% of signal events have a pair of DM particles with an invariant mass less than $g\sqrt{M^3_{*}/m_{\PQt}}$, where $g=4\pi$ and $g=2\pi$ respectively. These curves indicate further restrictions on the applicability of EFT, as explained in the text.}
 \label{fig:limit}
 \end{center}
\end{figure}

As shown in Eq.~(\ref{eft}), DM production is modeled by an EFT, an approximation that has some important limitations. Firstly, the EFT approximation is only valid when the momentum transfer $Q_{\text{tr}}$ is small compared to the mediator mass. Secondly, the couplings should not exceed the perturbative limit. Unfortunately, both of these conditions depend on the details of the unknown new physics being approximated by the EFT. For example, if we consider a model with $s$-channel exchange between the top quarks and the DM particles and a coupling equal to the perturbative limit $g\equiv\sqrt{g_{\chi}g_{\PQt}}=4\pi$, where $g_{\chi}$ and $g_{\PQt}$ are the coupling constants of the mediator to DM particles and top quarks, respectively, then we can derive a lower bound on $M_*$, $\sqrt{M^{3}_{*} /  m_{\PQt}}>M_{\chi} /  2\pi$, where $m_{\PQt}$ is the mass of the top quark~\cite{PhysRevD.82.116010,ning}. The region of parameter space in the exclusion plane that does not meet the perturbative condition for the validity of the EFT is indicated by the hatched area in Fig.~\ref{fig:limit}.

In addition to this minimal requirement, we also test the validity of the EFT approximation with respect to the momentum transfer condition. For the same $s$-channel mediator scenario, $Q_{\text{tr}}$ is estimated as the invariant mass of two DM particles ($M_{\chi\overline{\chi}}$) as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:Mchichi}. The EFT approximation is then valid if $M_{\chi\overline{\chi}} < g \sqrt{M^{3}_{*} /  m_{\PQt}}$. The fraction of simulated signal events that satisfy this requirement (R) is reported for given values of $g$ and $M_{*}$. For $g=4\pi$ and $g=2\pi$, contours are overlaid in Fig.~\ref{fig:limit} that indicate where in the exclusion plane 50\% or 80\% of simulated signal events passing the analysis selection criteria satisfy the momentum transfer condition. If instead of drawing such a contour we fix $M_{*}$ at the 90\% CL lower limit obtained in this analysis, then 89\% (46\%) of simulated signal events passing the analysis selection criteria satisfy the momentum requirement for $g=4\pi (2\pi)$ and $M_\chi=1$\GeV.  These fractions drop to 63\% (5\%) for $M_\chi=200$\GeV. No simulated signal events passing the analysis selection criteria are found to satisfy this requirement for $M_\chi > 600 $\GeV. For these reasons, the 90\% CL constraints on $M_{*}$ obtained in this analysis cannot be considered generally applicable, but should only be interpreted in models with large DM coupling.

\begin{figure}[hbt]
 \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=0.56\textwidth]{figs/Mchichi.pdf}
       \caption{Invariant mass of two DM particles M$_{\chi\bar{\chi}}$ in selected signal events, for several DM mass hypotheses.}
   \label{fig:Mchichi}
 \end{center}
\end{figure}

The limits on the interaction scale $M_{*}$ can be translated to limits on the DM-nucleon scattering cross section~\cite{PhysRevD.82.116010}. Figure~\ref{fig:limitdmxs} shows the observed 90\% CL upper limits on the DM-nucleon cross section as a function of the DM mass for the scalar operator considered in this paper. More stringent limits are obtained relative to current direct DM searches in the mass region of less than $\approx$6\GeV. In this region, DM-nucleon cross sections larger than 1--$2\times10^{-42}\unit{cm}^{2}$ are excluded.

\begin{figure}[hbt]
\begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=0.56\textwidth]{figs/d1_xs.pdf}
      \caption{The 90\% CL upper limits on the DM-nucleon spin-independent scattering cross section ($\sigma^{\mathrm{SI}}_{\chi\mbox{-}\mathrm{N}}$) as a function of the DM particle mass for the scalar operator considered in this paper. Also shown are 90\% CL limits from various direct DM search experiments~\cite{PhysRevLett.112.041302,LUX,PhysRevLett.109.181301,PhysRevLett.112.241302,CRESSTII}.}
 \label{fig:limitdmxs}
 \end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Summary}\label{summary}

A search has been presented for the production of dark matter particles in association with top quarks in single-lepton events with the CMS detector at the LHC, using proton-proton collision data recorded at $\sqrt{s}= 8$\TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7\fbinv. No excess of events above the SM expectation is found and cross section upper limits on this process are set. Cross sections larger than 20 to 55\unit{fb} are excluded at 90\% CL for dark matter particles with the masses ranging from 1 to 1000\GeV. Interpreting the findings in the context of a scalar interaction between dark matter particles and top quarks in the framework of an effective field theory, lower limits on the interaction scale are set. Assuming a dark matter particle with a mass of 100\GeV, values of the interaction scale below 118\GeV are excluded at 90\% CL. These limits on the interaction scale are comparable to those obtained from a similar search by the ATLAS Collaboration~\cite{ATLAS_heavyQuarks}. In the case of an $s$-channel mediator, they are only valid for large values of the coupling constant, where the effective field theory approximation holds for most signal events. These limits are interpreted as limits on the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross sections for the spin-independent scalar operator. For dark matter particles with masses below 6\GeV, more stringent limits are obtained from this search than from direct dark matter detection searches. Dark matter-nucleon cross sections larger than 1--$2\times 10^{-42}\unit{cm}^{2}$ are excluded at 90\% CL.

\begin{acknowledgments}
We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centres and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).

Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation \`a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


This spacious three bedroom family home is in a tucked away, quiet position with ample residents and visitor parking close by and within easy walking distance of the village shops, Primary School, nursery, doctor's surgery and mainline station. The attractive front door opens into the entrance way with coats hanging area and through to the hall with understairs space as well as a large walk-in storage cupboard. The accommodation offers a good size sitting room, separate dining room and beautiful fitted kitchen. There is lawn to the front of the property and this overlooks a small green with flowering cherry trees. The rear garden is fully enclosed, a blank canvas of paved patio and lawn with fenced boundaries. Ideally located to reach all the village amenities, this is an ideal starter or family home. NO ONWARD CHAIN!
With space for cupboards and/or shelving. Ideal for toys etc. Plumbing and electric for tumble dryer. Tiled floor. Central ceiling light.
Double glazed window to front. Radiator. Wood effect laminate flooring. Central ceiling light.
Double glazed window to rear. Fitted with a range of wall and floor units with wood effect doors and black worktops over and including double glass fronted display cupboards. Cupboard housing Potterton gas central heating boiler. Pretty mosaic tiled splashbacks. Stainless steel 1½ bowl sink with mixer tap and drainer. Space for cooker with stainless steel extractor above. Space for fridge freezer and washing machine. Tiled flooring. Central spot lights.
Double glazed window to rear and half glazed UPVC door to rear. Radiator. Grey wood effect laminate flooring. Central ceiling light.
Double glazed window to rear. Radiator. Fitted carpet. Ceiling light.
Double glazed window to front. Dimplex radiator. Fitted carpet. Ceiling light.
Double glazed window to front. Dimplex radiator. Storage cupboard. Fitted carpet. Ceiling light.
With feature frosted glazed door. Double glazed frosted window to rear. White suite of counter top wash basin on wood vanity stand and p-shaped bath with mixer tap with shower attachment above. Grey glazed wall tiles. Wood effect laminate flooring. Central ceiling light.
Double glazed frosted window to rear. White push button toilet. Black laminated flooring. Central ceiling light.
To the front, the property is approached over a concrete pathway with lawn and hedged boundary with space for bins. There is a parking area close by with ample spaces and the property overlooks a very pleasant area of green with flowering cherry trees.
There is a paved patio area immediately to the rear of the house with the remainder laid to lawn. Small hard standing area for shed/greenhouse. Fenced and brick wall boundaries with gate for pedestrian access.
Marden has a community feel and there are many different clubs and sports available locally, including cricket and hockey. The village has a primary school and there are secondary schools in the Maidstone and Paddock Wood area. There are many rural walks that can be enjoyed at the weekends! The doctors surgery is highly recommended and there is a local dentist as well. The village itself offers pubs, takeaways and restaurants to suit all tastes. Maidstone offers shopping and road links to the M20, and Royal Tunbridge Wells also has larger shops and recreational facilities. The mainline station is only a short walk away, offering a regular service to London Bridge, Charing Cross and Canon Street) as well as the coast.


text:
Ereignisse
Der Film Die Geschichte eines Verbrechens (Histoire d'un crime) von Ferdinand Zecca gilt als erster Kriminalfilm.

Geburtstage

Januar bis März

Januar
 10. Januar: Pauline Starke, US-amerikanische Schauspielerin († 1977)
 14. Januar: Bebe Daniels, US-amerikanische Schauspielerin († 1971)
 24. Januar: Michail Romm, russischer Regisseur und Drehbuchautor († 1971)
 25. Januar: Mildred Dunnock, US-amerikanische Schauspielerin († 1991)
 27. Januar: Willy Fritsch, deutscher Schauspieler († 1973)
 29. Januar: Mary Eaton, US-amerikanische Schauspielerin und Tänzerin († 1948)

Februar
 1. Februar: Clark Gable, US-amerikanischer Schauspieler († 1960)
 9. Februar: Brian Donlevy, US-amerikanischer Schauspieler († 1972)
 16. Februar: Chester Morris, US-amerikanischer Schauspieler († 1970)
 22. Februar: Ken G. Hall, australischer Regisseur († 1994)
 25. Februar: Zeppo Marx, Mitglied der Marx Brothers († 1979)

März
 21. März: Erich Holder, deutscher Schauspieler, Produzent, Regisseur und Komponist († 1974)
 24. März: Ub Iwerks, US-amerikanischer Trickfilmzeichner und -techniker († 1971)
 24. März: Kim Peacock, britischer Schauspieler, Hörspielsprecher und Drehbuchautor († 1966)
 27. März: Carl Barks, US-amerikanischer Illustrator und Schriftsteller († 2000)

April bis Juni

April
 5. April: Curt Bois, deutscher Schauspieler († 1991)
 5. April: Melvyn Douglas, US-amerikanischer Schauspieler († 1981)
 26. April: Harald Braun, deutscher Regisseur († 1960)

Mai
 1. Mai: Heinz Roemheld, US-amerikanischer Komponist und Arrangeur († 1985)
 3. Mai: Gino Cervi, italienischer Schauspieler († 1974)
 3. Mai: Hugo Friedhofer, US-amerikanischer Komponist († 1981)
 7. Mai: Gary Cooper, US-amerikanischer Schauspieler († 1961)
 15. Mai: Kurt Meister, deutscher Schauspieler, Regisseur, Autor und Hörspielsprecher († 1961)
 21. Mai: Sam Jaffe, US-amerikanischer Produzent und Agent († 2000)

Juni
 3. Juni: Maurice Evans, britischer Schauspieler († 1989)
 10. Juni: Frederick Loewe, US-amerikanischer Komponist († 1988)
 12. Juni: Clyde Geronimi, italienisch-US-amerikanischer Zeichentrickfilmregisseur († 1989)
 14. Juni: Werner Hausmann, Schweizer Schauspieler, Fernsehmoderator, Autor, Hörspielregisseur und -sprecher († 1991)
 15. Juni: Heinrich Jonen, deutscher Produzent († 1960)
 22. Juni: Naunton Wayne, britischer Schauspieler († 1970)
 23. Juni: Paul Verhoeven, deutscher Regisseur und Schauspieler († 1975)
 29. Juni: Nelson Eddy, US-amerikanischer Schauspieler († 1967)
 29. Juni: Frieda Inescort, britische Schauspielerin († 1976)

Juli bis September

Juli
 5. Juli: Harry J. Wild, US-amerikanischer Kameramann († 1961)
 7. Juli: Gustav Knuth, deutscher Schauspieler († 1987)
 7. Juli: János Székely, ungarischer Drehbuchautor († 1958)
 7. Juli: Vittorio De Sica, italienischer Schauspieler und Regisseur († 1974)
 12. Juli: Otto Meyer, US-amerikanischer Filmeditor († 1980)
 14. Juli: George Tobias, US-amerikanischer Schauspieler († 1980)
 16. Juli: Leon Shamroy, US-amerikanischer Kameramann († 1974)
 21. Juli: Alberto Doria, italienischer Drehbuchautor und Regisseur († 1944)
 25. Juli: Lila Lee, US-amerikanische Schauspielerin († 1973)

August
 3. August: Enrico Glori, italienischer Schauspieler († 1966)
 4. August: Louis Armstrong, US-amerikanischer Jazz-Trompeter († 1971)
 4. August: Willy Krause, deutscher Schauspieler († 1990)
 6. August: Claude Autant-Lara, französischer Regisseur († 2000)
 9. August: Charles Farrell, US-amerikanischer Schauspieler († 1990)
 14. August: J. Peverell Marley, US-amerikanischer Kameramann († 1964)
 23. August: William Hornbeck, US-amerikanischer Filmeditor († 1983)
 30. August: Conrad Salinger, US-amerikanischer Komponist und Arrangeur († 1962)

September
 5. September: Florence Eldridge, US-amerikanische Schauspielerin († 1988)
 19. September: Joe Pasternak, US-amerikanischer Produzent († 1991)
 25. September: Robert Bresson, französischer Regisseur († 1999)
 26. September: Ferruccio Cerio, italienischer Drehbuchautor und Regisseur († 1963)
 28. September: Kurt von Ruffin, deutscher Sänger und Schauspieler († 1996)
 28. September: Ed Sullivan, US-amerikanischer Entertainer, Moderator und Produzent († 1974)
 30. September: Frits van Dongen, niederländischer Schauspieler († 1975)

Oktober bis Dezember

Oktober
 2. Oktober: Alice Prin, französische Sängerin, Schauspielerin und Modell († 1953)
 3. Oktober: Jean Grémillon, französischer Regisseur († 1959)
 4. Oktober: Carroll Nye, US-amerikanischer Schauspieler († 1974)
 5. Oktober: John Alton, US-amerikanischer Kameramann († 1996)
 6. Oktober: Leslie Arliss, britischer Drehbuchautor und Regisseur († 1987)
 6. Oktober: Wolfgang Langhoff, deutscher Schauspieler und Regisseur († 1966)
 14. Oktober: Georges Lampin, französischer Filmregisseur, Drehbuchautor und Filmproduzent († 1979)
 20. Oktober: Hans-Otto Borgmann, deutscher Komponist († 1977)
 20. Oktober: Frank Churchill, US-amerikanischer Komponist († 1942)
 23. Oktober: Arthur Jacobson, US-amerikanischer Regieassistent († 1993)
 24. Oktober: Gilda Gray, US-amerikanische Tänzerin und Schauspielerin († 1959)
 30. Oktober: Reginald Wyer, britischer Kameramann († 1970)

November
 1. November: Fita Benkhoff, deutsche Schauspielerin († 1967)
 2. November: James Dunn, US-amerikanischer Schauspieler († 1967)
 3. November: André Malraux, französischer Drehbuchautor und Regisseur († 1976)
 8. November: Emil Hasler, deutscher Szenenbildner († 1986)
 9. November: Eduard Marks, deutscher Schauspieler und Schauspiellehrer († 1981)
 9. November: Rudolf Reiff, deutscher Schauspieler († 1961)
 11. November: Sam Spiegel, Produzent († 1985)
 12. November: Maria Besendahl, deutscher Schauspieler († 1983)
 12. November: Herbert Weissbach, deutscher Schauspieler († 1995)
 17. November: Lee Strasberg, US-amerikanischer Schauspieler, Gründer des Actors Studio († 1982)
 19. November: Berta Drews, deutsche Schauspielerin († 1987)
 22. November: Lee Patrick, US-amerikanische Schauspielerin († 1982)
 29. November: Mildred Harris, US-amerikanische Schriftstellerin († 1944)
 30. November: Jacqueline Logan, US-amerikanische Schauspielerin († 1983)

Dezember
 1. Dezember: William H. Daniels, US-amerikanischer Kameramann († 1970)
 5. Dezember: Walt Disney, Gründer der Disney-Studios († 1966)
 7. Dezember: Annemarie Marks-Rocke, deutsche Schauspielerin und Schauspiellehrerin († 2004)
 9. Dezember: Lawrence Edward Watkin, US-amerikanischer Schriftsteller und Drehbuchautor († 1981)
 10. Dezember: Fritz Kirchhoff, deutscher Regisseur († 1953)
 11. Dezember: Maria Koppenhöfer, deutsche Schauspielerin († 1948)
 12. Dezember: Howard Koch, US-amerikanischer Drehbuchautor († 1995)
 27. Dezember: Marlene Dietrich, deutsche Schauspielerin († 1992)

Siehe auch

Weblinks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This is a delicious dish for brinjal lovers.
Grate coconut and extract around 1 cup of thick milk, keep aside, add 1 cup of water and extract second milk. Keep aside.
Peel brinjals, and wash them, put them in a pot with 1/2 cup of water and little salt, bring to boil, until just soft and water dries up.
Add turmeric, whole chillies,green chillies,lemon, onions and second milk. Cook on medium heat turning them for 5 minutes.
Add thick milk, reduce heat and cook till all brinjals well coated and gravy turns thick.
Serve with rotis,parathas or even steamed rice.


text:
Focus announces new President
World Fertilizer, Monday, 30 January 2017 09:14
Focus Ventures Ltd. has reported that Gordon Tainton has been appointed President and a Director of the company. Mr. Tainton brings many years of experience in the international fertilizer and financial markets and will succeed David Cass who is stepping down as President. David will remain as a Director and continue to provide services as a consultant to the company.
Mr. Tainton has over 25 years of experience at senior management levels in various sectors of the fertilizer industry, including inspection and testing services across all nutrients, distribution, port/terminal development, trading, shipping, off-take agreements, and project finance.
Simon Ridgway, Chairman of Focus, commented: "On behalf of the Board I would like to welcome Gordon to the team. It has become clear from discussions with potential partners in the fertilizer industry that the Company would benefit greatly with leadership from an expert in fertilizers with the knowledge to know the value drivers in this industry. Gordon brings these attributes and we look forward to his input in guiding the Company to achieve its vision of becoming a Phosphate producer. I would like to take this opportunity to thank David Cass for his tireless efforts since 2008 as Focus' President, which led to the discovery of the Bayovar 12 deposit and the completion of a positive Pre-Feasibility Study for the project. We look forward to his continued contributions at board level going forward."
Read the article online at: https://www.worldfertilizer.com/phosphates/30012017/focus-announces-new-president/


Cjw is a new Scottish Dj/Producer, who lives just outside Glasgow. He started producing music around 8 months ago and his début release is out August 2014 on his own new imprint WireLab. A huge fan of and influenced by some of the best home grown labels and artists, Slam, Funk D'Void,Hans Bouffmyhre, Gary Beck, Harvey McKay, Petrichor but to name but a few.


If you enjoy being able to rely on your air conditioning equipment to keep your home comfortable all year long, then our AC Maintenance Program is right for you. Becoming a member of our AC Maintenance Program means that your equipment will be properly maintained and working at its maximum energy efficiency, resulting in an extended lifespan for your air conditioner. Plus, if your system does break down, you will receive priority service and specially discounted trip and repair charges.
…then we would like to invite you to join the thousands of homeowners in the community who enjoy peace of mind knowing their equipment is working safely and efficiently — for one low package rate.
Call (941) 474-3691 or request information on how to sign up for our Residential AC Maintenance Program today!
Here is the list of equipment we check and services we perform for our Residential AC Maintenance Program customers. The items in the air conditioning and heating columns are performed at each inspection (once or twice a year, depending on your package).
Pricing and packages are subject to change without notice. Custom rates and packages are available on request.
Call us today to sign up for our AC Maintenance Program!
If you live in Sarasota County or Charlotte County, Florida, call (941) 474-3691 today to sign up for our Air Conditioning Maintenance Program.
Fill out and submit the form below and our friendly staff will help you get signed up.
Hello Ted - I am writing to say how pleased my husband, Robert, and I am with the service provided by your company. Your staff is well-trained, professional and efficient. We are happy with the new air conditioning and upgraded heating system that you installed in our home. Just wanted to say thank you for your wonderful service. Linda and Robert P.


Shoe brand Stuart Weitzman is launching its first Instagram ad on Wednesday. The ad will feature Cinemagraphs from Ann Street Studio and highlight several spring styles. Ranked 27th (of 90 Fashion brands) and Gifted in L2's Digital IQ Index: Fashion, Stuart Weitzman is becoming more innovative on digital and social media. It was among the 15% of Fashion brands in L2's 2015 Fashion Index to offer product customization, allowing users to select their color and fabric type.
On social, Stuart Weitzman is leveraging a platform that is ripe for exponential growth (especially for Fashion brands). The average follower count for Fashion brands in L2's Intelligence Report: Instagram was 1.2 million, driven part by iconic fashion brands (Chanel, Christian Louboutin) and part by social media savvy brands (Michael Kors, Marc Jacobs).
As of now, Stuart Weitzman's follower count of 180,000 is low for the fashion industry. Ads could potentially raise that overnight, as they have for brands such as Michael Kors and Stella Artois.


Short term summer student position, 37.5 hours/week for 8 weeks. June 20, 2016 – August 19, 2016 Compensation at the federal minimum wage rate - $10.70 per hour.
The Summer Program Assistant will develop and deliver empowerment camps to girls and teens.
PCWRSAC has two mandates Direct Service and Social Change.
Our core services provide a safe and accessible place which is welcoming, non- judgemental and open to all women.
It is an environment where activities, programs and services are developed by and for women. Our direct services work in a feminist context.
Must be able to provide police record check and child abuse registry and have your own transportation.
Applicants must qualify under the condition of Canada Summer Jobs grant.
- Must be between the ages of 15-30 at the start of employment.
- Is a Canadian citizen, permanent resident or a person on whom refugee protection has been conferred under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act.
- Is legally entitled to work according to the relevant provincial/territorial legislation and regulations.
Preferences will be given to applicants enrolled in Women's Studies, Social Sciences, Child Development and Education.


My friend, Dave Taylor, from Colorado, interviewed me today about the Kickstater campaign and asked some great questions about what we're working toward, why Machu Picchu, and what makes Interactive Books so special.
Dave also has backed the effort so we want to doubly thank him for his generosity and support.
So, along the lines of, "A llama walks into a bar," here are two llama overlooking Machu Picchu in Peru.
It just begs a funny cutline, caption or quote.
The photo was taken by Dr. Mark Van Stone who visited Machu Picchu back in January of 2011. We've received dozens of photos from him about this incredible site, but this one just jumped out at us. We want to have a serious site, but there are times, too, when it just makes sense to let one's hair down a little.
So if you could write a caption for this photo, what would you say?
We'll give a $25 iTunes gift card to the person who can come up with the funniest caption or comment. (No profanity or vulgarity here). We'll leave the contest open until Saturday, March 10, 2012, at 5 p.m. CST.


a cool evening walk at Morston after the heat of the day, and the heat of firing the kiln – not quite the temperature of the sun contained in my kiln, but heat derived from the old sun, the one that shone on those forests and animals millions of years ago.
a sun-coloured boat, the yellow saturated by the slanting light. the summer evening enhances the bright colours beloved of boat owners, everything picked out in glowing primaries.
Tilda so much almost wants to swim, it's so hot, she hates the heat, but swimming is not quite her thing. she does love to paddle up to her knees though.
this old boat, ugly thing, is always tethered here next to the footbridge; I have never seen it leave its mooring.
mudlark living up to its name – such a sweet little boat, and the pure reflection in the perfectly still creek.
and the rows of cockles – uniform except for their owners' individuality stamped on their naming, and their colour.
a buoy is always a thing of interest – or is it her appetite for seaweed?
a Mirror, glowing scarlet, wish I could just jump into her and sail off.
now out on the salt marsh, the dogs mobbed by redshank and oystercatcher, the tide nearly full, a few boats out there on the little breeze. it has gone round to the east again and is dying.
boats black against the brightness of the water and the sun.
more paddling. she can't get enough wetness, after rushing around on the beach trying to make Sal play with her.
swans are always out here at the freshes, where the river joins the sea; trying to count them, there are more every time you look.
golden bars, tiger stripes, hills and valleys covered with trails.
Wonder pics my friend. Miss T and Sal look like they enjoyed themselves. 🙂 Nice walk!


text:
Home/News/Politics/Zawahiri video reveals al Qaeda alive and effectively amid Taliban takeover
Zawahiri video reveals al Qaeda alive and effectively amid Taliban takeover
Daniel Josh Send an email September 13, 2021
A proof-of-life video from Ayman al Zawahiri, Osama bin Laden's deputy who took over al Qaeda after the USA killed the terrorist chief in 2011, reveals the jihadist was alive at the least as of early 2021, exhibiting the group's resilience because the Taliban take over Afghanistan and seemingly debunking rumors he died final yr.
The return of the Taliban to energy 20 years after their longtime allies carried out the 9/11 assaults might present the terrorist group with a safer launching pad to conduct additional terrorist acts.
Ties between the Taliban and al Qaeda run deep. 5 years in the past, Zawahiri swore allegiance to the Taliban's prime religious chief, Mullah Haibatullah Akhundzada, referring to him because the "emir of the believers." Bin Laden had lengthy pledged his allegiance to the Taliban's one-eyed founder, Mullah Mohammed Omar, who probably died someday in 2013.
In a video launched by al Qaeda on the twentieth anniversary of 9/11, the Lengthy Warfare Journal reported that Zawahiri particularly referenced the al Qaeda affiliated Tanzim Hurras ad-Din (Guardians of Faith Group) assault towards a Russian navy base in Syria initially of January 2021, exhibiting that, at minimal, Zawahiri seemed to be alive initially of the yr.
The brand new video is known as "Jerusalem Will Not Be Judaized" and spouts a wide range of conspiracy theories. Al Qaeda's media arm, As Sahab, said "Might Allah Defend Him" every time Zawahiri was talked about and, simply earlier than 9/11, al Qaeda launched an 852-page e-book allegedly written by Zawahiri, with an introduction attributed to the terrorist chief dated April, exhibiting al Qaeda needs the world to suppose he's nonetheless alive.
The United Nations mentioned this summer time that Zawahiri "is believed to be positioned someplace within the border area of Afghanistan and Pakistan" and that "earlier experiences of his loss of life as a result of ailing well being haven't been confirmed."
FBI RELEASES DECLASSIFIED 9/11 DOCS
Within the prerecorded video, Zawahiri introduced up 9/11, briefly saying, "Allow us to not neglect that 19 mujahideen, the soldiers of Islam, stabbed America in its coronary heart … an harm the like of which America had ever tasted earlier than, and as we speak it's making its exit from Afghanistan, damaged, defeated, after twenty years of warfare."
Top News: Sidney Powell asks choose who depicted staff as 'harmful lunatics' to reverse sanction
Zawahiri praised quite a few "martyrs" who had died starting in late 2019 and all through 2020, together with Mohammed Saeed Alshamrani, a second lieutenant within the Royal Saudi Air Drive who shot and killed three U.S. Navy sailors at Naval Air Station Pensacola in December 2019 and who was himself killed by responding presents. Then-Legal professional Basic William Barr mentioned final yr that data on the shooter's iPhone "definitively establishes Alshamrani's connections to al Qaeda within the Arabian Peninsula."
Zawahiri additionally praised Qasim al Raymi, a former deputy of his who had been the chief of al Qaeda within the Arabian Peninsula and who was killed by the U.S. in February of final yr, and Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud, the previous head of al Qaeda within the Islamic Maghreb who died in a French navy operation in June 2020.
AYMAN AL ZAWAHIRI: TALIBAN'S RETURN FUELS QUESTIONS ABOUT AL QAEDA LEADER'S HEALTH AND WHEREABOUTS
"Ayman al-Zawahiri survived 20 years of America's warfare and numerous dangerous takes. Within the newly launched video, he praises Hurras al-Din's Jan. 1, 2021 assault on a Russian base in Raqqa, Syria. So both that is his ghost or, you understand, he did not die final yr," Lengthy Warfare Journal senior editor Thomas Joscelyn tweeted this weekend. "Take into account that Zawahiri is older, a health care provider, and we live within the age of COVID. He isn't dumb. That is influenced his protocols. He additionally is aware of that the U.S. orchestrated a marketing campaign to get as many AQ leaders as attainable in 2019 and 2020 — extra intense than standard… Now that he is not useless everybody can return to pretending he is not related anyway."
Top News: In-N-Out restaurant in San Francisco shut down after not implementing vaccine mandate
Dr. Amin al Haq, who had been bin Laden's safety chief, returned to Afghanistan with nice fanfare in August after the autumn of Kabul, with a video exhibiting him guarded by a big convoy of armed Taliban fighters. It isn't probably that Zawahiri will make such a public look.
Zawahiri's terror resume is many years within the making. He joined the Muslim Brotherhood as a young person and based the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, a bunch that sought to overthrow the secular Egyptian authorities. Zawahiri was later arrested in a plot to assassinate Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. After his jihadist group merged with al Qaeda within the Nineties, he turned bin Laden's deputy and assisted with al Qaeda's lethal 1998 bombings of U.S. embassies in Africa and the assault on the USS Cole in 2000, which left 17 U.S. sailors useless.
A U.N. report from June concluded that "a big a part of the management of al Qaeda resides within the Afghanistan and Pakistan border area." The U.N. mentioned "giant numbers of al Qaeda fighters and different overseas extremist components aligned with the Taliban are positioned in varied elements of Afghanistan" with "numerous senior figures killed, typically alongside Taliban associates whereas co-located with them."
Zawahiri's tenure at al Qaeda is taken into account to be a combined success: He has held the group collectively regardless of vital U.S. counterterrorism pressures, however the breakaway of the Islamic State from al Qaeda occurred in 2014 underneath his watch, with the rivalry persevering with to this present day.
ISIS-Ok, the Islamic State's affiliate in Afghanistan, is believed to be chargeable for the suicide bombing on the Kabul airport, which killed 13 U.S. service members and dozens of others. The Taliban, the Haqqani Community, and al Qaeda are deeply intertwined in Afghanistan, and the Taliban has built-in Haqqani Community leaders and fighters with al Qaeda hyperlinks into its command construction.
9/11 al Qaeda Ayman al Zawahiri News Taliban
Daniel Josh
Replenishing New York's unemployment insurance coverage belief fund a 'severe problem,' comptroller says
Oldest WWII veteran in US celebrates 112th birthday
Utah county commissioner threatens officer over son's arrest
'Very disloyal': Trump chides Ron DeSantis and Nikki Haley amid 2024 hypothesis
Considerations over prayer breakfast lead Congress to take it over
Separate challenges in opposition to Illinois' gun ban progressing
Georgia's McCormick: 'We're at all times kicking the can down the highway'
Home GOP Rep. Greg Steube launched from hospital after fall
Youngest black solo cable information host hits full 12 months at Fox News present helm: 'Impression participant'


text:
Q: [magento]: emails are not being sent well, I know there are thousands Q/A on this topic, but none of them seem to answer my question. What I have done so far is that I have configured magento to send emails on port 25 and added the mail server IP.
After a lot of struggles I found out that magento is sending emails using mail() function, and I checked with this snippet whether it is enabled in my host or not?
 <?php
if(function_exists('mail')) {   echo 'mail() is enabled'; }
    else {  echo 'mail() is not enabled'; }

and the output is that the "mail() is not enabled", so what I did was to ask my host to turn this function on for me, but they were saying it is not turned on for security reasons.
So, How can I set up Magento to use a separate mail server to send its emails through.
What should I do?
Thanks,

A: We have some other ways to set up smtp for magento, the default settings only accept the basic set up. You can check magento set up tutorial here Magento SMTP Email Setup
Thanks

A: Magento 1.9 sends mails through the cron job. make sure that is set up correctly!
https://docs.nexcess.net/article/how-to-configure-a-cron-job.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
CPUC's proposed NEM 3.0 decision includes shift to net billing, new "transition" credit and grid-use charge
On Dec. 13, the California Public Utilities Commission issued its proposed decision on the successor to the state's solar net-metering program. This proposal is not yet set in stone — it must be heard and voted upon by the commission, which will happen during the January 27, 2022, business meeting, at the earliest.
The proposal shifts from a net-metering to a net-billing structure, allowing the dollar value of credits to be set at a different level than the energy's import price. As such, CPUC notes it does not refer to this tariff as NEM 3.0, but rather as the Net Billing tariff. The commission also adds a Grid Participation Charge for solar customers and a long-term Market Transition Credit to encourage storage paired with solar systems.
Net Billing Tariff
The Net Billing Tariff will result in lower incentives than the previous net-metering tariff. The commission made the decision to switch to a new plan based on findings that the current net-metering tariff negatively impacted non-solar customers and disproportionately harmed low-income ratepayers. The CPUC report notes that NEM 1.0 and 2.0 created "equity concerns due to the misalignment between costs and value," which created "revenue under-collections that must be recovered by nonparticipating customers."
CPUC calls the new program an "improved version of net billing" that provides an export compensation rate "aligned with the value behind-the-meter energy generation systems provide to the grid based on avoided cost values and import rates that encourage electrification and solar paired with storage." Net Billing customers can oversize their systems by up to 150% of historical load to allow for future home electrification.
The Net Billing values for the first five years following a customer's interconnection date will be based on a schedule of values for each hour from the most recent Avoided Cost Calculator, which provides avoided cost values for each climate zone.
CPUC says this "lock-in period" is meant to ensure customer-sited solar continues to grow sustainably and enhance consumer protection measures. After those five years, export compensation will be based on average monthly avoided cost values.
Market Transition Credit
The successor tariff also includes a Market Transition Credit, which offers a four-year "glide path" for the industry and encourages customers to pair solar with storage. The Market Transition Credit will allow customers to lock in a 10-year payback period that includes up to $5.25/kW for residential solar + storage and solar-only systems. Customers who are required to install solar pursuant to the new construction requirements under Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards are not eligible for this credit.
The Market Transition Credit is a monthly credit based on a system's expected generation that is specific to each utility. It will be in effect over four years and will initially be available to residential customers that submit interconnection applications after the NEM 2.0 sunset date and before December 31 of the year the three utilities complete implementation of the successor tariff. Each year after, the credit will decrease by 25% until it reaches zero.
Grid Participation Charge
The commission has also proposed a new differentiated time-of-use rate and grid benefits charge, renamed as the Grid Participation Charge. CPUC says this verbiage "sends a clear message to the customer that they are paying to use the grid." This will be a fixed monthly charge of $8.00/kW. Low-income and tribal households are exempt from this charge.
The California Solar & Storage Association spent the past year rallying support for continued NEM incentives, including collecting hundreds of thousands of public comments to deliver to the commission and organizing a $1 million fundraising drive. SPW will update this post with CALSSA's reaction when it's available.
SEIA issued a statement saying this decision will harm clean energy progress.
"Only the wealthiest Californians will be able to afford rooftop solar, shutting out schools, small businesses and the average family from our clean energy future," said Abigail Ross Hopper, president and CEO of SEIA. "The only winners today are the utilities, which will make more profits at the expense of their ratepayers. We urge Governor Newsom to act quickly to change this decision — at risk are 65,000 solar jobs, the security of our electricity grid, and the health of California residents and our planet."
https://i0.wp.com/sourceitright.us/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/finished.jpg?fit=770%2C500&ssl=1 500 770 asaad.taha https://sourceitright.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Source-It-Right-new-Logo.png asaad.taha2021-12-14 00:45:042021-12-14 00:45:05CPUC's proposed NEM 3.0 decision includes shift to net billing, new "transition" credit and grid-use charge
Home Depot Backs $50M Series C Funding for Secure IoT Operating System – IoT...
EDP Renewables develops 1.2-MW community solar + storage project in New Yor...


The Tevadaptor® Vial Adaptor is mounted on the drug vial to allow drug transfer in a closed system. Tevadaptor® is designed to be intuitive to make drug preparation and compounding easy. The Syringe Adaptor / Syringe Adaptor Lock connects with minimal effort to the vial adaptor, allowing safe drug transfer from the vial to the syringe and then to another container (e.g. a semi-rigid bottle, an infusion bag, an elastomeric pump or a medication cassette reservoir for an ambulatory infusion pump).
For multiple use vials, the Vial Adaptor's protective cap can be used for safe and sterile vial storage.
Built-in to the Vial Adaptors is Tevadaptor®'s Toxi-Guard® air-cleaning mechanism. This system ensures an immediate pressure equilibration without the need for priming, and serves as an effective toxic drug vapor, liquid and aerosol sterile barrier.
The Toxi-Guard® technology contains an activated charcoal drug adsorbing matrix to prevent external contamination of the environment with cytotoxic and other hazardous drugs, and a 0.2 micron membrane to ensure sterile air exchange. Tevadaptor®'s Toxi-Guard® technology ensures sterility and drug stability. Learn more.
The Vial Adaptor enables reconstitution, preparation and transfer of any drug form to the Syringe Adaptor or to the Syringe Adaptor Lock. The Vial Adaptor is part of a complete portfolio of products for any handling protocol. Tevadaptor® keeps you safe in a click at every stage from preparation to administration.


Imagine your most intimate wedding day taking place within a unique, exclusive, private retreat where serenity, luxury, and pristine wilderness come together.
Imagine Your Wedding at the Preserve at Boulder Hills!
Your Personal Wedding Concierge will provide you continued support from the earliest planning session to the cutting of the cake. Our Grand Ballroom and Wrap-Around Deck overlooks pristine lawns, plush gardens, and cascading waterfalls and ponds. We can accommodate up to 350 guests without sacrificing its warmth and intimacy. Our professional Food and Beverage Team will provide Outstanding Cuisine and Attentive Service, all within a dramatically beautiful natural setting found nowhere else in the region.
The Preserve at Boulder Hills will turn the dream of your wedding day into a memory that you and your loved ones will cherish and revisit for the rest of your lives.
This venue was great! They worked so hard to incorporate everything we wanted for our wedding day. They were quick to respond to all of my questions, and the day went so smoothly with all of their help.
Kim and the rest of the team at The Preserve were tremendously accommodating, professional, and flexible. We came in with a limited budget, and a slightly different idea for what we wanted, and they made it happen! If you're looking for a beautiful setting with a professional staff, you need to check them out!
They were very helpful and nothing we asked for was too hard for them. From the start of the process to the wedding day they were more than just a vendor. Their goal was never to just get money from us but to help us make our day very special.
The Preserve was amazing to work with. They made sure everything about our day turned out absolutely perfect! The food was delicious, the scenery was perfect, and we had the most amazing day! I could not recommend them more! (Special shoutout to Kim for going above and beyond to make our wedding dreams come true!
We had so many friends join us at a recent fund-raiser at The Preserve and all raved about the preparation, attentiveness and dedicated service from Nicole, Paul, and Alec. The staff service was friendly and timely and the meal was exactly what all expected at a fund-raiser. In the end, The Preserve provided all with a great time, and also helped with an extremely successful event for our school. Thanks again to Nicole, Paul and Alec for first class service and a first class event.
Opulence at its finest. Every detail magnificent!
Professional fun staff. Beautiful scenery and the best food I've had in a long time.
Stunning venue. Each detail is simply classic elegance attended to by amazing staff.
Kim and Nicole really went above and beyond to make our day perfect. I loved working with them. The ballroom looked amazing and was perfect for a rustic chic wedding!
Beautiful venue and grounds. The staff, coordinators and wait staff were all top notch all night! I was a bridesmaid in my friend's wedding this weekend there and it was such a great experience. I was not sure what to expect because I have never been to The Preserve before or heard any feedback about the service. But they all did an excellent job! I cannot thank you enough for making everything perfect for Brittany and Mike!
Beautiful place. Very classy. My niece was married there and I found everything to be so perfect. Workers were all polite. Great service.
Thank you again for everything on Sunday. Our wedding was prefect, thanks to the assistance and professionalism of you and your staff. We can't thank you enough for the hard work put into our wedding! All of our guests have been raving about how beautiful your location is and how delicious the food was. Thank you again for all your help!!
The Team at The Preserve did an amazing job at our wedding. The grounds are beautiful, the food is delicious and their staff is incredibly helpful. Nicole took care of everything we needed without hesitation. We had a wonderful experience with them!! Thank you!!
Thank you for helping us have the wedding of our dreams. It would not have been possible without your beautiful venue & professional and exceptional staff!
I recently attended a networking event in this establishment and was amazed at the beauty, the friendliness of staff and the delicious food! I was able to meet some fantastic people and will have them now within my network. The food was amazing, very well prepared and displayed. The staff was overly courteous, and polite. This is certainly a venue I would consider as a location to host an evening, as well as to be sure to attend future events! I am excited to attend a summer event, and experience the gorgeous greens!
An exceptional combination of lavishness and elegance. My wife and I recently attended a wedding and were truly taken back by the attention to detail not only from the venue itself, but the amazing and attentive staff. A heartfelt thank you to everyone that was involved with a memorable night!
I had a fabulous time! It was truly amazing!! Thank you for everything! You helped make my vision come true!
I don't know where to begin to explain the pure joy that this hidden piece of heaven offered my husband and I for our wedding venue. I discovered the Preserve at Boulder Hills while searching wedding venues on line. I was excited about what the pictures had to offer and shortly after viewing them I booked an appointment to tour the place. We absolutely loved it, and actually booked before we were even engaged just to be able to reserve the date we wanted. We were sure that our venue search would end here because this place was perfect for us! Not only were the grounds breathtakingly beautiful, but the friendly staff here made us feel very comfortable, as if we were part of the Preserve family! They were accommodating, patient, friendly, kind, and ready to do everything they could to make our wedding day as special as we had dreamed it would be, and that it absolutely was! Months later our guests are still talking about our wedding and how beautiful it was. The ambiance, staff, food, the Preserve is everything it appears to be and much more! We could not have been any more satisfied than we are and will forever be grateful for the memories that this incredible wedding venue made possible for us. This place is simply the best!!
Thank you so much for the visit & the tour. What a gorgeous property. Great hosts with amazing personalities. Look forward to working with you in the near future.
We recently had the great pleasure of working at The Preserve at Boulder Hills as the florist for the wedding and then quickly changing into our wedding finery and attending as guests. What a TREAT!! It says a lot to me when I'm welcomed and greeted by each staff member while running around making sure all the details are perfect-but then to have the same friendly attention during the reception was EXCEPTIONAL 🙂 The venue is LOVELY -the staff professional and FABULOUS- would welcome any chance to work/play here again. THANK YOU ALL!!
THEY ARE AMAZING!! From our very first meeting to our very special day, Kim from The Preserve was amazing. I truly cannot say enough good things about this venue. I was fully educated on prices and what they offer before i ever signed anything. Kim became a friend to me and my mom and would get married there a million times over. She responded to my emails/calls within a few hours every single time. I was able to go in the day before and set up. The grounds are pristine and absolutely gorgeous. They had TWO bars which i love since no one really has to wait for a drink! Everything went effortlessly and i couldn't have asked or more! Highly recommend!
I just wanted to say THANK YOU to Kim and Nicole for all of your help planning our big day. I am so appreciate you always answered all my questions so quickly and it made planning so much easier. Our guests are still raving about the venue, food, and the service. Jaymes and I did get a chance to eat dinner and it was amazing! The peach sangria was also a huge hit. We couldn't have been happier with the way everything turned out!
Thank you all so very much for making Jennifer's Bridal Shower perfect! You were so enjoyable to work with and made everything easy for me. ) The food was delicious and the portion size was great. The facility is beautiful and again the three of you were terrific!!
Follow along with us at The Preserve at Boulder Hills!


Opt for statement sleeves with this plain solid color maxi. Style with heels and statement earings for the perfect party look..Opt for statement sleeves with this plain solid color maxi. Style with heels and statement earings for the perfect party look.Gown made of Crepe, Georgette, a type of Crepe / Crape.


5580 arrived by road in late May 2002 and soon started work during the Golden Jubilee week commencing on 1st June , putting in a sterling performance over 8 days. Other locos based here are 25057 , 31207 , D6732 , 47367 .
Over the 6 years at this railway , 5580 has worked reliably and in that time entered the shed at Weybourne for bodywork repairs and a repaint. Following a request from the Gloucestershire & Warwickshire Railway , 5580 moved to Toddington on 25/06/08 by road to appear at their July Diesel Event.
5580 stands at Holt during the Golden Jubilee week ..01/06/02.
31162 stands at Weybourne with a Sheringham service on 19/03/05.
The ' End of the line' , the view from 31162's no 2 5580 awaiting departure at Sheringham…16/08/03. end cab at Sheringham.
31162 undergoes a steam test at Weybourne shed prior to the Winter 2006 season.. 21/08/06.
Golden Jubilee Week .. 01/06/02 – 03/06/02….6 trips.
Golden Jubilee Week .. 05/06/02 – 09/06/02….6 trips.
Diesel turn ….. 15/06/02…. 3 trips.
Diesel Gala …. 29/06/02 -30/06/02…..7 trips.
Beer Festival / Diesel turn ….. 20/07/02.
Diesel turn …… 17/08/02….7 trips.
Norwich based locomotive Gala – 31/08/02 – 01/09/02.
45th anniversary Class 31s ……16/11/02 – 17/11/02…..7 trips …..Steam Heat provided.
Diesel turn ….22/03/03 – 23/03/03……7 trips Saturday , 3 trips Sunday ….Steam Heat provided.
Beer Festival / Diesel turn ….. 19/07/03….7 trips.
Replace failed 25057 …. 27/07/03…1 trip.
Diesel turn …… 16/08/03….7 trips.
Rostered vice DMU …..15/11/03 – 16/11/03……..7 trips….. Steam Heat provided.
Rostered vice DMU …..29/11/03 – 30/11/03……..7 trips……Steam Heat provided.
Diesel turn … 26/06/04….6 trips.
Diesel turn ….17/07/04….6 trips ( 1 in tandem & 2 Top & Tail with 31207 ).
Diesel turn …. 21/08/04…6 trips.
Diesel turn …. 11/09/04…6 trips.
Diesel turn …. 25/09/04…6 trips.
Diesel Gala … 02/10/04 – 03/10/04.
Diesel turn …. 30/10/04…6 trips.
Diesel turn …..19/03/05…6 trips (rostered turn on 20/03/05 cancelled due to engineering work at Weybourne).
Diesel turn …. 21/05/05…6 trips.
Diesel turn …. 04/06/05 – 05/06/05….6 trips.
Diesel Gala.. 11/06/05 – 12/06/05.
Beer Festival / Diesel turn …16/07/05 – 17/07/05…6 trips.
Diesel turn ….. 23/07/05 – 24/07/05…..6 trips.
Diesel turn …. 04/09/05…6 trips.
Diesel turn 24/09/05 – 25/09/05….6 trips.
Diesel turn …..29/10/05 – 30/10/05….6 trips.
Rostered vice DMU ….26/11/05 – 27/11/05…..7 trips…..Steam Heat provided.
Diesel turn …. 17/06/06….6 trips.
Diesel turn ….. 24/06/06…6 trips.
Diesel turn …. 15/07/06….6 trips.
Diesel turn ….. 22/07/06…6 trips.
Diesel turn ….. 09/09/06…6 trips.
Rostered vice DMU …..18/11/06 – 19/11/06…..7 trips….Steam Heat provided.
Rostered vice DMU …..25/11/06 – 26/11/06…..7 trips….Steam Heat provided.
Diesel turn ….. 28/04/07…6 trips.
Diesel turn….. 26/05/07 – 27/05/07….2 trips ( replaced on 26/05/07 by 31207 at Weybourne on 1810 Holt – Sheringham after 31162 became low on fuel ).
Diesel Gala….09/06/07 – 10/06/07…..5 trips Saturday , 4 trips Sunday.
Rostered vice DMU…..10/11/07 – 11/11/07…..7 trips….Steam Heat provided.
Rostered vice DMU…..17/11/07 – 18/11/07…..7 trips….Steam Heat provided.
Boiler Farewell/Birthday Charter….05/01/08….10 trips….Steam Heat provided.