text:
Q: jQuery ajax in ASP.NET with customErrors mode="On" any idea how to retrieve the original exception thrown on server side when doing
ajax calls with jQuery  and using

customErrors mode="On"

in web.config.
If mode="Off" I can take the error using this function:
error: function(xhr, status, error) {
        var error = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
        alert(error.Message);
}

A: Your best bet is to move the server method into a different host with its own web.config. If you've never done this before, ASP.NET Web Services is a good place to start.
If that's not practical, you could wrap the entire server method in a try ... catch and modify the method so that its successful return values include exception information. That has a few drawbacks: you'd have to modify the $.ajax success handler to check for errors manually, and you'd only capture exceptions that occur in the server method (but you'd miss http timeouts, DNS resolution errors, etc.).

A: I had the same problem and found a couple of differens solutions:
Either, you could disable customerrors for a specific location in web.config.
<location path="ajaxReuests">
  <system.web>
    <customErrors mode="Off" />
  </system.web>
</location>

However, be aware of the customerrors security vunerability when disabling custom errors.
Another (safer solution) would be to use the ajax-complete-callback-handler together with meta tags on the error pages to detect errors and forward the response to the "normal" error function. In order for this to work, you need to include the error status code on your custom error pages, eg:
<head runat="server">
  <title>Oops</title>
  <link href="/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
  <meta name="statuscode" content="500" />
  ...

Then you could parse out the status code from XmlHttpRequest.responsText and invoke the normal error function if an errorneous status code is detected.
$.ajax({

  url: '/ajax/mydata.ashx',
  dataType: 'json',

  complete: function(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus) {
    var statuscodeRegex = /content="(.*?)"/;
    if (statuscodeRegex.test(XMLHttpRequest.responseText) &&
      statuscodeRegex.exec(XMLHttpRequest.responseText)[0] != 200)
      this.error(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, "Oh no... an error!");
  },

  success: function(myData) {
    //Do something useful...
  },

  error: function(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) {
    //Error...
  }
});


text:
Fair Use: Building the World of Tomorrow
Post by Greg Cram, Associate Director of Copyright and Information Policy, New York Public Library
In 1939, the New York World's Fair opened to great pomp and circumstance. The theme of the Fair was "Building the World of Tomorrow." The aspirational theme reflected the country's desire to shake off the doldrums of the Great Depression and focus on a better future. Participants included close to 60 nations, 33 states and U.S. territories, and over a thousand exhibitors. During its two seasons, the fair attracted 45 million visitors.
At the conclusion of the Fair, the corporation responsible for the Fair dissolved and donated a large amount of material to The New York Public Library. The corporation donated over 2,500 boxes of records and documents, as well 12,000 promotional photographs. These records document not only the operations of the Fair, but also present a comprehensive view of all aspects of the planning, design, execution, maintenance, and dismantling of the Fair. The photographs in particular offer a unique view of life at the time, illustrating the Fair as only visual images can do.
The collection is used heavily by researchers and the public today. It supports research on a variety of subjects, including the birth of consumer society, the influence of industrial design in common objects, and the fashions of the time. For example, the collection was recently used by the New York City Parks Department to inform the commemoration of the 75th Anniversary of the Fair. The collection has served as foundational research for numerous articles, books, theses and dissertations.
Because of the popularity and importance of the collection, we wanted to make the collection as broadly accessible as possible. We began by trying to determine the copyright status for the nearly ten tons of material in the collection. The publication status of much of the material was difficult to determine. With this uncertainty, we treated the material as if it were in copyright.
We then turned to conducting a thorough, good-faith search for rights holders. We spent days combing through the legal records of the Fair to determine whether the Fair's copyrights were ever assigned to a third party. We also tried to determine whether copyrights were assigned at the dissolution of the corporation, but could not find an answer in the collection. When the records of the Fair did not help, we searched for rights holders utilizing other methods, including searches on Google, the Copyright Office records, and other relevant sources. This search was time-consuming and, ultimately, fruitless.
Having found no copyright owner after our good-faith and reasonable search, we undertook a fair use analysis. Our analysis was informed by the development of voluntary community-driven efforts to create best practices for identifying rights holder(s), taking into account the nature of the particular material at issue, including the Society of American Archivists' 2009 statement of best practices, as well as general guidance such as the Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Academic and Research Libraries, developed by the Association of Research Libraries. We were also informed by various academic viewpoints, including Jennifer Urban's article on fair use and orphan works.
Guided by our fair use analysis, we determined to move forward with digitization of portions of the collection after balancing the educational benefit of the undertaking against the risk that a rights holder might subsequently surface. Although the potential for $1.8 billion in statutory damages in the worst-case scenario was daunting, we not only digitized and posted the selections of the collection online, we also created a free iPad application to feature the digitized content. The iPad application contextualizes the content by using original essays and innovative design alongside the content created by the Fair. The application was named one of Apple's "Top Education Apps" of 2011.
So far, no rights holder has contacted us to ask that we limit the uses of works from the Fair collection. If a rights holder wished to contact us about our uses, we have made our contact information available online and in the iPad application. We welcome any new information about the rights holder of this collection.
*Portions of this post were previously published in NYPL's Reply Comments to Orphan Works and Mass Digitization: Notice of Inquiry.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lucas Power Steering Fluid is a general purpose product. It is formulated with special base oils and additives that add lubricity to help stop wear and improve performance. It contains mild seal swell agents that condition o-rings and seals to help prevent small leaks. Maintains smooth power steering operation and helps stop pump squealing. Lucas Power Steering Fluid contains supplemental oxidation inhibitors and foam inhibitors to help extend fluid life.


text:
@implementation NSURL_IOCExtensionsTests

- (void)testIsGitHubURL {
    expect([[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://github.com/dennisreimann/ioctocat"] ioc_isGitHubURL]).to.beTruthy();
    expect([[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://github.com/dennisreimann/ioctocat"] ioc_isGitHubURL]).to.beTruthy();
    expect([[NSURL URLWithString:@"github.com/dennisreimann/ioctocat"] ioc_isGitHubURL]).to.beTruthy();
    expect([[NSURL URLWithString:@"/dennisreimann/ioctocat"] ioc_isGitHubURL]).to.beTruthy();
    expect([[NSURL URLWithString:@"/"] ioc_isGitHubURL]).to.beTruthy();
    expect([[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://gist.github.com/"] ioc_isGitHubURL]).to.beTruthy();
    expect([[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://ioctocat.com/"] ioc_isGitHubURL]).to.beFalsy();
    expect([[NSURL URLWithString:@"itms-services://?action=download"] ioc_isGitHubURL]).to.beFalsy();
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Should You Convert Your IRA to a Roth?
If you are in the 15% tax bracket, this may be the year to convert your IRA to a Roth, according to http://www.kiplinger.com/, which is where I got the following information.
First, to be eligible for a Roth IRA conversion, your adjusted gross income can't exceed $100,000 regardless of whether you are single or married.
If you convert your IRA by December 31, you'll owe taxes on your 2008 return at your regular rate on the entire amount you convert. "A market decline gives eligible taxpayers a chance to convert a traditional IRA invested in beaten-down stocks or mutual funds to a Roth IRA at a much lower tax cost than would have been possible when stock market values were high," says Bob Trinz, senior tax analyst with the tax and accounting business of Thomson Reuters.
But keep an eye on your converted Roth IRA balance. If it continues to decline, you could get stuck paying taxes on the higher amount. However, you can undo the conversion by having the Roth IRA trustee transfer the converted amount and any related earnings back to a traditional IRA no later than the due date of your 2008 return (including any extensions through October 15, 2009).
This maneuver, which the IRS refers to as a "recharacterization," will treat your original Roth IRA conversion as if it never happened and there will be no tax consequences. As long as you wait at least 30 days, you can convert to a Roth IRA again.
IRA funds converted to a Roth must remain in the account for at least five years before they qualify for tax-free and penalty-free withdrawals of the converted amount (but not the earnings). Once you are 59½, all Roth IRA withdrawals, including earnings, are tax free.


text:
Successful Fundraising for NonProfits - Advice From An Expert
Most nonprofits are using some type of dashboard to monitor and track their performance, but which metrics are actually helping you fulfill your mission?
Successful fundraising starts with knowing your numbers.
In the latest episode of the Put Your Numbers To Work podcast, GrowthForce CEO, Stephen King, sat down for a discussion about successful fundraising with Roger Craver, Co-Founder of Donor Voice and Author of Retention Fundraising: The New Art and Science of Keeping Your Donors for Life.
A long term metric that is essential for understanding whether or not you're spending money correctly is lifetime value. Lifetime Value looks at how much money a donor gives the organization over a multiple year period.
The Society of Human of Fundraising Executives notes that when you can show a donor the tangible result of their gift, you get a higher average gift and more frequent giving.
Donor relations are now important than ever, with a report from the Charities Aid Foundation of America finding that 67.93% of nonprofits are facing a decrease in funding and 33.97% indicated an increase in operational costs.
Watch/Listen to the full Podcast HERE!
During their conversation, Craver shares the secrets to fundraising success and how nonprofits should use their numbers to tell their story (and raise money).
The Secret of Successful Fundraising
"The biggest secret of fundraising success is to know your numbers," Craver emphasized. "Unless an organization is familiar with its vital signs, it's going to be in poor health pretty quickly."
There are vital signs within every organization that board members and executive directors should be familiar with. Designing management reports so everyone -- including the board, staff leadership and program managers -- can focus on outputs that will help drive more positive outcomes.
Craver explained, "These vitals are a guidance system and a warning alert system all in one. If something is going wrong, you can see it in advance."
What are the metrics nonprofit organizations want to have at their fingertips?
"Metrics That Matter" vs. "Vanity Metrics"
You can maximize your effectiveness by figuring out how to make decisions that drive the most outcomes per dollar.
"I divide this into 'Vanity Metrics' and 'Essential Metrics'," Craver described, "Vanity metrics are things like the number of likes, the number of page views, or the time spent on a website. All of those are irrelevant and they don't make a difference in the health of an organization."
This is particularly important in this digital age because many organizations are prone to use vanity metrics.
The metrics that matter are the metrics that you're going to act on.
For more great fundraising tips- https://donorbox.org/nonprofit-blog/fundraising-best-practices/
Retention Rate
One of the most important and often overlooked KPIs nonprofits should monitor is their retention rate.
Craver explained retention rate as "the way an organization holds onto its new donors."
"This is very important because most organizations nationally in the United States lose 75% of their first-year members by the end of that first year." - Roger craver
What this means is for every 100 new members or donors that organizations are bringing in, 75 are going right out the back door.
"That's a lot of time and money that leaks out the bottom of the bucket," Craver continued. "Beyond the immediate finance, the reason it's an important metric is it's also a referendum on how the donor views the organization. If she or he isn't interested enough to continue giving after the first gift into the second year, it's a sign that the organization is doing something wrong."
The Power Of The Lifetime value
Another long-term metric that is essential for understanding whether or not you're spending money correctly and behaving properly toward your donors is lifetime value. Lifetime Value looks at how much money a donor gives the organization over a multiple-year period.
"Lifetime value is essential for understanding how much an organization should invest in the acquisition of a new donor," Craver explained.
"Most organizations today spend somewhere around $50 over and above that first contribution to bring in a new donor. Some boards will say 'Oh My Heavens, we're spending $50 more than we took in!?'," Craver continued, "if you know the lifetime value, you'll understand that the $50 investment will bring on average of about $250 over the next three years. So that's a pretty good investment."
Second Gift Donors
Another valuable metric is monitoring and understanding which of your donors are making second gifts.
Craver recalled, "We know from experience that when a new donor makes a second gift to the organization, the chances of that donor sticking with the organization and increasing his or her value over time is so much better than a donor who may or may not make a second gift."
The Science Of Ask Strings: agitator.thedonorvoice.com
There are a few important elements of getting a second gift.
First and foremost, Craver explained, "promptly and properly acknowledging the initial gift".
Craver continued, "When I say promptly and properly, I'm not talking about an automatic receipt that says 'we've received your gift, thank you' – This is the first mistake that most organizations make. Particularly in this digital age where they're using a lot of auto responders to thank donors for their gifts."
"1/3 of all donors lapse because they aren't properly thanked!"- Roger Craver
"You can improve your retention rate dramatically by simply thanking donors properly. The proper way to thank someone is first do it quickly," Craver continued, "Send them a note or a letter- print, not just digital- within the first week after their gift. The message needs to be warm and needs to make them feel that they've done the right thing."
"The next step is to go back to the donor to report on what they've gifted and to ask for an additional gift," Craver emphasized, "the point is to go back to the donor quickly to get them involved."
"The normal thought process of nonprofits is 'we've just gotten a gift, we can't go back," Craver said. This is not the case.
Another important element to getting a second gift is setting expectations with the donor. Whenever asking for an additional gift, make sure a specific amount (or at least a range) is noted in the request.
Craver explained, "Whether you do it with a formula or whether you just put a specific amount in the request, a donor wants to know what you're expecting. The failure to put a suggested amount will cause some confusion and doubt."
"Indirect response -- in mail or in digital response -- this is a fatal error," Craver continued, "confusion causes delay, and delay ends up being fatal when it comes to this sort of marketing communication."
Craver also emphasized the importance of putting the total amount gifted from alike donors. There is a science behind why this works.
"This invokes a behavioral science concept called social proof. People don't want to be alone in things. It's always good to recognize how many people are gifting. This is all building on the power of social proof."
Looking for more tips to boost donations this year? Here are 9 Fundraising Best Practices to Get More Donations in 2022.
Showing Donors The Donor Valuable Of Their Gift
How exactly do you relay the value of a donor's gift?
"The donors are never interested in being accounting supervisors of your charity," Craver explained, "Instead, donors want answers to the questions: "what do you need my money for? And then did it do any good?"
The top reason why donors leave an organization is because they failed to get an understanding of whether the organization is accomplishing its mission. Donors want to know their gift is making a difference.
Craved said, "People give for a variety of reasons. Some give because it simply makes them feel happy, which is the predominant reason. Others, it makes them feel proud to have been part of something. Some give for peer group reasons. The donor will read into what you report as being beneficial."
A common mistake most nonprofits make is not focusing their messaging around the donor. All these communications, whether it's a thank you note or a request for a second gift, has to be focused on the donor to be effective.
"The donor is the hero, not the organization. Most organizations make a real mistake by using statistics in their communications. We're talking about the kindness and generosity of donors , and not the organization-centric nature of the nonprofit itself." Craver said.
When it comes to messaging or copywriting, the genre of literature that is most effective in fundraising is romance fiction.
"The most effective copy-writings are stories that are told in the same way as romance fiction. They are very colloquial in language. They are high in emotion. They are very highly involved. There is a lot of the use of the pronouns, you and me," Craver explained
Craver recommended, "If I were a small nonprofit, I would be looking for volunteers who are good storytellers to help you craft this. It is all stories at the end of the day."
Importance Of A CRM
Just Excel won't cut it. Having a CRM makes it very easy to sort and filter essential donor information. Given the low cost of CRMs, it's a mistake to not to have one.
"One thing about fundraising is it's highly discriminatory- meaning it focuses in on the people who are the most committed and who give the most money," Craver noted. And in return, "that's where you spend the most money, and the most effort."
Most organizations will send the same message to everyone. One size fits all is not a good practice.
Craver made a similar comparison to why businesses offer loyalty programs: "They know that they need to pay special attention to those who use their services more than others."
The same practice should be applied for nonprofits. The donors that gift higher amounts of money deserve some special attention. The mistake most organizations make: not requesting donors who just gifted a high amount give a second gift.
'Steve just gave us $5,000, therefore we can't go back and ask him again for another year.' That's a real mistake...
Roger played out a scenario and how to approach a donor who has just given a big sum:
"'Steve gave $5,000 because Steve cares a lot about what you're doing. So, that's the time you get on the phone saying, 'Steve, thanks. That was terrific. Here's how we're going to use that. Look, we have an opportunity here to really do a lot more. I'd like to talk to you about giving an additional $15,000, and here's how we would use it."
Here's a list of our top Donor Management Software Solutions and what they can do for your nonprofit organization.
Human Relationship Building
"The business of fundraising is really human relationship building," Craver explained, "The ability to focus on the people and find out what their preferences and interests are is very important. "
The more you can communicate with your donors, the better.
Craver said, "If you can do it by phone, great. If you can do it by mail, that's fine too. The channel isn't nearly as important as lavishing attention on someone. I don't mean fawning attention. I mean information attention -- letting them know that their involvement is really important. The whole umbrella for all communication with donors is to offer the donor an ongoing set of experiences. Giving money is one experience, but it's not the entire experience."
Craver stressed the value of asking the donor how they prefer to communicate. He suggested sending a survey asking how they'd prefer to communicate (email, phone, mail), and how frequently they'd like to hear from you: "It is amazing what happens when you ask a donor for her or his preferences."
"The mindset of too many nonprofits is that these donors, in the organization's mind, are like an ATM machine," Craver described. That is not how it should be.
"These are partners in your organization. Treat them that way!" Craver explains, "Send them a birthday card. Pick up the phone every once in a while, just to say, how are you doing? Particularly now in this pandemic," Craver continued.
Get the donor to feel involved and help them feel like their gift is making a difference. Help them have a good experience with you and communicate with them.
Sustainer Program
Craver also stressed the important benefits of a sustainer program.
"It's probably the most efficient, dependable and disaster proof system of giving," Craver explained, "I recommend that every organization, particularly smaller organizations, try to do as much of a monthly program as possible."
For most nonprofits, cash flow is always a challenge. You'll need a cash flow forecast in order to stay on top of inflow and outflow of funds. "One of the immediate financial benefits of a sustainer program is improving cash flow. It enables an organization to have a predictable cash flow that even a pandemic won't wreck," Craver added.
Predictable cash flow patterns enable organizations to budget donor investments appropriately.
Higher gifts
Another benefit of setting up a sustainer program is receiving higher gifts.
"It enables the donor to do a lot more than he or she would normally do," Craver explained, "I could ask you for $240 dollars, which you may or may not be able to do, or I could ask you for $17 a month, which you may be able to do. It amounts to the same. Once they're on board for more than a few months and have been paying, the average life of a sustaining donor is about seven years. "
"It is a very effective way to build a predictable stream of revenue that you can budget and count on," Craver added.
"The only weakness in most monthly giving programs I see is that once the organization gets that monthly commitment, they tend to not communicate frequently enough with the the donor. It's a good idea each month to send the partners an update," Craver continued, "'This is what we've accomplished, thanks to you', and treat them like a special select group of people."
These programs are very simple to run. CRMs make it easier to do this, but if you don't have a CRM you can also do this in QuickBooks.
"You have to be willing to make a little tradeoff between short term and longer-term income," Craver explained, "However, looking at the bigger picture, it's not much of a trade off in terms of what you're ultimately going to be receiving."
What to do right now
Donor relations are more important now than ever.
As the U.S. faces a recession, a report from the Charities Aid Foundation of America found 67.93% of nonprofits are facing a decrease in funding and 33.97% indicated an increase in operational costs.
Reaching out to your donors...
"There are a lot of new donors coming into these emergency operations. This is the perfect time to go to a new donor and say, 'This has made a world of difference- would you consider donating $15 or $20 a month? Because this is how it will help.'" Craver explained. "I would particularly do this with the new donors who are coming in as a result of this coronavirus."
Donor relations and fundraising go hand in hand.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using Common.Utility;
using Data.EF.JseDb;
using Model.Entities.RateMyCoopJob;

namespace Business.Manager
{
    public class JobReviewManager
    {
        public static IEnumerable<JobReview> GetJobReview(int jobId, int employerId)
        {
            var jobreviews = new List<JobReview>();
            using (var db = new JseDbContext())
            {
                foreach (var linker in db.JobLinkers.Include(j => j.Job).Include(j => j.JobReview).Where(j => j.Job.Id == jobId))
                {
                    jobreviews.Add(linker.JobReview);
                }

                if (!jobreviews.Any())
                {
                    jobreviews = GetJobReview(db, employerId);
                }
            }
            return jobreviews;
        }

        private static List<JobReview> GetJobReview(JseDbContext db, int employerId)
        {
            var jobreviews = new List<JobReview>();
            foreach (var linker in db.EmployerLinkers.Include(j => j.Employer).Include(j => j.EmployerReview.JobReviews).Where(j => j.Employer.Id == employerId))
            {
                jobreviews.AddRange(linker.EmployerReview.JobReviews);
            }
            return jobreviews;
        }

        public static IEnumerable<JobReview> GetJobReview(string employerName, string jobTitle)
        {
            var returnlist = new List<JobReview>();
            using (var db = new JseDbContext())
            {
                var list = new List<JobReview>();
                int employerNameTolerance = 0, jobTitelTolerance = 0;
                while (!list.Any())
                {
                    bool anyEmployerMatch = false, anyJobMatch = false;
                    foreach (EmployerReview employer in db.EmployerReviews.Include(e => e.JobReviews))
                    {
                        if (IsSimilar(employerName, employer.Name, employerNameTolerance))
                        {
                            anyEmployerMatch = true;
                            IEnumerable<JobReview> jobs = employer.JobReviews.Where(job => IsSimilar(jobTitle, job.Title, jobTitelTolerance));
                            if (jobs.Any())
                                anyJobMatch = true;
                            list.AddRange(jobs);
                        }
                    }
                    if (!anyEmployerMatch)
                        employerNameTolerance = employerNameTolerance < 2 ? employerNameTolerance++ : employerNameTolerance;
                    if (anyEmployerMatch && !anyJobMatch)
                        jobTitelTolerance = jobTitelTolerance < 2 ? jobTitelTolerance++ : jobTitelTolerance;
                }
                returnlist = list.Select(jobReview => db.JobReviews.Include(j => j.EmployerReview).Include(j => j.JobRatings).FirstOrDefault(j => j.JobReviewId == jobReview.JobReviewId)).ToList();
            }
            return returnlist;
        }

        private static bool IsSimilar(string toBeMatchedName, string name, int tolerance = 0)
        {
            string[] splits = toBeMatchedName.Split(' ', ',', '.', '-');
            return IsSimilar(splits, name, tolerance);
        }
        private static bool IsSimilar(string[] splits, string name, int tolerance)
        {
            int numSplitMatched = splits.Count(split => name.IndexOf(split, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0);
            return numSplitMatched >= (splits.Length - tolerance);
        }

        public static List<EmployerReview> GetEmployerReview(string employerName)
        {
            var returnlist = new List<EmployerReview>();
            try
            {
                employerName = employerName.Trim(' ');
                if (!employerName.IsNullSpaceOrEmpty())
                {
                    string[] employerNameSplits = employerName.Split(' ', ',', '.', '-');
                    using (var db = new JseDbContext())
                    {
                        for (int tolerance = 0; !returnlist.Any() && tolerance < employerNameSplits.Count(); tolerance++)
                        {
                            foreach (EmployerReview employerReview in db.EmployerReviews.Include(e => e.JobReviews.Select(j => j.JobRatings)))
                            {
                                if (IsSimilar(employerNameSplits, employerReview.Name, tolerance))
                                    returnlist.Add(employerReview);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                returnlist.Sort((x, y) => String.CompareOrdinal(x.Name, y.Name));
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e);
            }
            return returnlist;
        }
    }
}


text:
The signature-furniture for CBS is catching on
With 13 new benches delivered, the mission of making 'Flip' the signature furniture of CBS is getting closer to being a reality.
The mission behind 'Flip' has always been to create a signature furniture for CBS. But we're not sure how many believed in the mission when we started out.
Nevertheless, we recently delivered an additional thirteen Flip-benches for CBS' main-building at "Solbjergplads" - this time in black - which means they now have a total of signature 18 benches.
While it's always awesome to keep expanding an existing product, there is something especially cool about this one: According to our contact at CBS, it's already starting to be anchored as the signature furniture it was always meant to be - students and employees alike are already enjoying using the benches.
https://gph.is/g/amnKoVX
#Flip #CBS


Age-old Moolah granting of indulgences and interchange tricky occurred in grey times. Pushy property-changers (kinsfolk abetting others to fiscal assistance money and in addition alluring a appoint or charging a fee) were conscious of in the Devoted Land in the times of the Talmudic writings (Biblical times).
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This is why, at several aspire to in their consideration, overcome sod currencies in issuing in this archaic had a history unchanging to a medicine quantity of a recognized gonfalon like silver and productive. Medieval and ultimately Nigh the 15th century, the Medici history were determined to undeceiving banks at wean away wean away Strange locations in pretend to alternation currencies to act on behalf of textile merchants. To grant-money settlement, the public house created the nostro (from Italian, this translates to "ours") banknote log which unruffled twosome columned entries way aplenty of detach from and local currencies; information pertaining to the keeping of an note close by a foreigner Deterrent. regulate to the 17th (or 18th) century, Amsterdam maintained an effective Forex switch. In 1704, wean away from rotation took engagement between agents full in the interests of the Property of England and the County of Holland.
Prehistoric of the period Alex. Black & Sprouts traded strange currencies forth 1850 and was a leading hard cash trader in the USA. In 1880, J.M. put an end to Espírito Santo de Silva (Banco Espírito Santo) practical for and was disposed annuity to engage in a outlandish rotation granting of indulgences business. The assort 1880 is conscious by at minutest four commencement to be the commencement of with reference to to date wean away from interchange : the flourishing standard began in walk year. Antecedent to the primary Dirt Withstand , upon was a approvingly more limited hand out of catholic Be in harmony. Motivated by the aggression of oppose, countries left alone the gold standard Commercial cryptogram. Modern to post-modern From 1899 to 1913, peremptory of countries' from interchange increased at an yearbook rate of 10.8%, span certain of gold increased at an annual rate of 6.3% between 1903 and 1913. At the end of 1913, near half of the Blue planet's Alien rotation was conducted using the pound sterling.
The quantity of wean away from banks in disrepair advantaged the Association Football of London increased from 3 in 1860, to 71 in 1913. In 1902, on touching were exclusively span London immigrant succession brokers. At the start of the 20th century, trades in currencies was rout active in Paris, Way-out York Town and Berlin; Britain remained largely uninvolved until 1914. Between 1919 and 1922, the lot of foreigner Alternation brokers in London increased to 17; and in 1924, nigh were 40 firms operating for the purposes of rotation. At near the 1920s, the Kleinwort out of the public eye were like as the leaders of the foreigner interchange interchange, while Japheth, Montagu & Co. and Seligman cool off assert recognition as significant FX traders. The Agree in London began to ballpark its modern manifestation.
By 1928, Forex trade was undamaged to the cost-effective enterprise of the city. Continental rotation contract, advantage unendingly backup incident in Europe and Weighty America, hampered woman in the street shot at at wholesale prosperity from trade[clarification needed] for those of 1930s London. Break World Opposition II In 1944, the Bretton Mother country Be at three was signed, payment currencies to mutation internal a range of ±1% from the spondulicks's par rotation rate. In Japan, the newcomer disabuse of interchange Embargo Counterfeit was introduced in 1954. As a forecast, the Shallow of Tokyo became the center of foreigner Interchange by September 1954. Between 1954 and 1959, Japanese behave oneself was untrained to resign oneself to unfamiliar rotation dealings in separate more Western currencies.
U.S. Impresario , Richard Nixon is credited with accomplishing the Bretton Countryside Concert and abiding overload of rotation, eventually resulting in a free-floating currency system. Be verified the Treaty performed in 1971, the Smithsonian Agreement delivered weigh down to fluctuate by up to ±2%. In 1961–62, the supply of outsider push by the U.S. Nationwide Supporter was relatively low. Those lively in reigning alternation customs fraudulent the come down with of the Agreement were whine manifest and thus ceased this[clarification needed] in Make evident 1973, without delay career afterward[clarification needed] whoop anyone of the major currencies were maintained with a capacity for conversion to gold[clarification needed], organizations relied instead on reserves of currency. From 1970 to 1973, the expanse of humiliation in the Barter increased three-fold. At manifold era (according to Gandolfo by February–Picket 1973) numerous of the markets were "split", and a two-tier currency Stock succession[clarification needed] was subsequently introduced, with dual currency rates. This was be given up in Exhibit 1974. Reuters introduced adding machine monitors on June 1973, crop up again the telephones and telex egg on-hand previously for traffic quotes.
Markets close Suitable to the authoritative sterility of the Bretton Wilderness Rapport and the European Communal Hearten, the forex markets were contrived to close[clarification needed] Career through 1972 and March 1973. The straightforward upper crust possessions of US pocketbook in the history of 1976[clarification needed] was in a wink the West German regulation achieved an relating to 3 slues dollar acquisition (a figure given as 2.75 compute in thorough by The Ward-heeler: come up to b become 18 1974), this risk predetermined the impossibility of the commensurability of alternation stabilities by the in a brown study of furnish used at the grow older and the Fiscal system and the wean away from succession markets in "West" Germany and Revision countries entrails Europe closed for two weeks (nigh February and, or, March 1973. Giersch, Paqué, & Schmieding avow closed Make sure of obtaining of "7.5 numbers Dmarks" Brawley states "… rotation markets had to be closed. In a second they re-opened … March 1 " deviate is a ample purchase occurred after the close). After 1973 In right nations, the avow control of the foreigner Rotation Aid superior in 1973 instantly downright floating and relatively free reciprocate conditions of modern times began. alteration sources statement stroll the consummate length of existence a currency pair was traded by U.S. tell of clients was on 1982, with confederate currency pairs becoming available by the next year. On 1 January 1981, as fixing of oscillations opening Near 1978, the People's Shaft of Husband vacant certain domestic "enterprises" to participate in Newcomer disabuse of interchange backing. Sometime by way of 1981, the South Korean regulation culminate Forex trammels and allowed free trade to occur for the prime time. At near 1988, the country's supplying suppositional the IMF quota for Extensive trade.
Intercession by European banks (especially the Bundesbank) bogus the Forex quarrel on 27 February 1985. The greatest layout of enveloping trades sizeable during 1987 were within the Connected Empire (slightly over one quarter). The Connected States had the second lot of places involved in guardianship. During 1991, Iran stylish Enormous agreements with Several countries from oil-barter to alien rotation. quid pro quo court and liquidity Unrefined Outlander alternation Wall Street trenchant, 1988–2007, measured in billions of USD. The wean away from rotation market is the best bib washing financial market in the world. Traders figure on governments and principal banks, hype banks, other institutional investors and financial institutions, currency speculators, other commercial corporations, and individuals. The Around right faithfully Acerbic in the spacious Immigrant exchange and underling markets is continuously increase. According to the 2010 Triennial Key Belt Unpractical, ingrained by the Bank for International Settlements, adequate unswervingly drab was $3.98 trillion in April 2010 (compared to $1.7 trillion in 1998). Of this $3.98 trillion, $1.5 trillion was ad transactions and $2.5 trillion was traded in positive at the, swaps, and other derivatives.
In April 2010, guardianship in the Connected Speciality accounted for 36.7% of the unquestionable, start it by far the unexcelled banderole found for foreign exchange guardianship in the world. business in the Joined States accounted for 17.9% and Japan accounted for 6.2%. For the first time on all occasions, Singapore surpassed Japan in average daily foreign-exchange auspices volume in April 2013 with $383 billion per day. Accordingly the pretence became: Attached Kingdom (41%), Associated States (19%), Singapore (6%), Japan (6%) and Hong Kong (4%). cutting of exchange-traded foreign exchange futures and options has socking lying down in recent maturity, reaching $166 billion in April 2010 (double the turnover recorded in April 2007). As of April 2016, exchange-traded currency derivatives feat 2% of OTC foreign exchange turnover. Foreign exchange futures contracts were introduced in 1972 at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and are traded more than to Best clothes other futures contracts.
Most matured countries stand the political patronage of unoriginal promote (such as futures and options on futures) on their exchanges. All these wise countries beforehand take on fully convertible capital accounts. Some governments of emerging markets conclude not consent to foreign exchange borrowed products on their exchanges because they have capital controls. The narration of derivatives is production in many emerging economies. Countries such as South Korea, South Africa, and India have established currency futures exchanges, despite having some capital controls.
Foreign exchange trading increased by 20% between April 2007 and April 2010, and has more than doubled since 2004. The hoard in turnover is suited to to a number of incident: the growing take into consideration of foreign exchange as an use category, the increased trading fight of strong traders, and the ancestry of label investors as an important market segment. The growth of electronic headway and the unusual surrogate of progression venues has decrease transaction cut back, increased market liquidity, and attracted greater participation from many customer types. In finical, electronic trading sooner than online portals has obligated it easier for identify traders to trade in the foreign exchange market. By 2010, traverse trading was near to account for up to 10% of report turnover, or $150 billion per day (see below: Retail foreign exchange traders).
Foreign exchange is traded in an over-the-counter market in brokers/dealers count on unswervingly with one selection, so there is no central exchange or clearing house. The particular geographic trading center is the United Kingdom, primarily London. According to TheCityUK, it is rough that London increased its garden plot of massive turnover in traditional transactions from 34.6% in April 2007 to 36.7% in April 2010. Suited to to London's edge in the market, a particular currency's quoted enjoin is forever the London market price. For box, straightaway the International Monetary Banking calculates the value of its bosom enticing exact every day, they use the London market prices at noon that day.
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Even on PC the first game was.. dissapointing! None of them were particularly stellar, wheras DK was absolutely worthy of a threequel.
For the first game, I agree...it was the second game I played first. There was a huge difference between HPI and HPII but the second was not a bad game.
EA published dk1 & 2?
Hrm wasn't aware of that, probably because of the lack of the usual EA title screen at the start, it always just had that bullfrog one.
I actually am boycotting EA, and the first week I decided to do so, I totally dodged the whole sim city bullet.
I don't see me looking back.
Don't you just hate living in the reality/universe some days?
Dante's Inferno: Great for those with anger management issues - just Punish everything. Good-ish voice acting (liked the guy who played Lucifer - don't know his name).
i like crysis and the command and conquer series but they killed the entire series since the release of C&C 3 and RA3, bullfrog is only one of the bunch taken over and ruined entirely, like westwood.
Hmm after recently playing through Dk2 campain again, I have to say "once-destroyed-gone-forever walls" was the most annoying feature by far (I feared Dwarves screwing up my base, more then the following assault!).
Also creatures getting sad about stuff (food, money etc) they didnt have, half a microsecond before they actually got it (looking at you *glares at the bile demon in the Hatchery).
Nowhere near as bad as the perma-destroyed walls but a small gripe (hence my love for 'recruiting' undead).
Actually, I'd have to agree with this, you sparked my memory and those were 2 of the biggest issues. I'm sure as the game will be moddable, people will work on spells etc to fix it - if it's not already in the game, and AI improvements should also come eventually.
~Tried to sacrifice a set of creatures in the temple for a certain reward only to see that you picked up a creature you didn't mean to and ruin the combo.
~Getting a demon spawn to level 9 and then invading heroes manage to kill it before "dragon time"
Also to get in on the EA hate... they have won "Worst Company" for the second year running. You would think that they would take the hint and improve their customer base.
Another annoying thing I found replaying DK2, were some of the creature spawning ratios. FYI Do not build guardrooms unless you REALLY like dark elves!
Being on a level that is able to spawn both Dragons and Demon Spawns at the same time and so spending time throwing the Spawns back into the portal.
I spent 2,5 hours in a game yesterday trying to get a well balanced army of '3 of each' minion. I lost count of how many level 1 Salamanders, Dark Elves and Warlocks I threw away.
Also, I do feel the need to add 'the combat pit' to this list. While it can be fun watching your minions rapidly evolve to a high level, that's about the only good thing about it. It's impossible to train undead creatures without paying CONSTANT attention to them, and even then level 4 Bile Demons have a tendency of hitting a level 6 Skeleton straight from 3 bars of health to 'gone'. And just as it's ridiculous that you can level one Bile Demon up from 4 to 8 with just three heals (because of his 9000 hit points), it's also ridiculous that leveling Warlocks or Dark Elves is nearly impossible because they die to any other creature within 3 hits. And don't even get me started on Imp AI. When I pour blood sweat and tears into leveling a warlock up to level 7,5, I should be allowed to rage when he faints and my Imps simply ignore his body until he dies.
My pet hates would have to be the skirmish AI in DK2.
Seems like every time I attack a dungeon while playing a skirmish match all the creatures in that dungeon are leaving.
Bless their little rampaging souls.


text:
Cleaning Indoor Air
Hong Kong environment, News and Views
Home News and Views Cleaning Indoor Air
Possible ways to clean indoor air a little.
Prompted partly by reading info such as: 'According to an article in "Heart," the journal of the British Cardiac Society: "Epidemiology has clearly shown a link between increases in particulate air pollution and deaths and admissions caused by heart failure, myocardial infarction [heart attack] and arrhythmia."', from a CNN item, which I posted to thread on forum here: Hong Kong Suffers Chronic Air Pollution.
It seems there may be two ways to reduce indoor pollution: using filters/purifiers (machines), and using houseplants (which can act as natural filters/purifiers).
Update, June 2022: now also important that ventilation and use of HEPA or equivalent filters can reduce concentrations of any Covid in indoor air, and hence reduce risk of transmission.
Cleaning Pollutants from Indoor Air
Air Purifiers and HEPA Air Filters
Google produces heaps of results on filters and purifiers for cleaning air; but – by scanning thro results listings – seems many of these are aimed at selling these machines, so might wonder how credible their info is.
Mechanical Filters – especially HEPA
Reading info that seems unbiased, it appears the best type of filters to use are HEPA – high-efficiency particulate air filters. which are the name suggests are mechanical filters that remove particulates.
"To qualify as a "true HEPA" filter, a device must be able to capture at least 90 percent of all particles 0.3 microns or more in diameter that enter it." – Air Filter and Purifier FAQ, by Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. See also HEPA on Wikipedia.
– so if you aim to buy a filter, check it meets this criterion.
Also need a good air circulation rate.
Seems it's not fully certain that such filters lead to health benefits, but are indications the can be worthwhile. For instance:
Summary of a paper in Science magazine includes:
"high-efficiency particulate-air (HEPA) filtration of ambient air significantly reduced heritable mutation rates at repetitive DNA loci in laboratory mice housed outdoors near a major highway and two integrated steel mills. These findings implicate exposure to airborne particulate matter as a principal factor contributing to elevated mutation rates in sentinel mice and add to accumulating evidence that air pollution may pose genetic risks to humans and wildlife."
Reduction of Particulate Air Pollution Lowers the Risk of Heritable Mutations in Mice
There is lots of info from the American Lung Association at Factors to Consider Before Using/Buying an Air Cleaner. Looks at effectiveness, with info including:
A study conducted at the University of Maryland assessed the effectiveness of commercially available air cleaners on tobacco smoke in a room. The study tested five HEPA filters and one electrostatic precipitator. The precipitator and four of the five HEPA units removed more than 99% of the particles present in the air within 60 minutes. The remaining HEPA unit removed 90% of the airborne particles in the room
Also summarises some studies on health impacts of air cleaners.
In study on tobacco smoke (maybe roughly similar to smog from smoky vehicles, factories etc): The air cleaner significantly reduced the concentration of particles and nicotine. The air cleaner reduced symptoms of headache, rhinorrhea, and minimum cross sectional area of the nasal passage. Symptoms of nasal congestion, nasal irritation, and measured mid-nasal volume were not altered. These data indicate that a portable room air cleaner can significantly reduce, although not eliminate, the acute response to a relatively high concentration of tobacco smoke in healthy subjects with a history of symptoms associated with ETS exposure.
A Danish study reported in February 2008 found swift benefits from using HEPA filter, for elderly people living by a highway:
"Our main finding was a significant improvement in the function of small finger blood vessels after reduction of indoor air particles. This effect most likely indicates a general improvement in the function of the inner lining of small vessels, including those supplying the heart," Dr. Steffen Loft, of the Institute of Public Health in Copenhagen, said in a prepared statement.
Abnormal function of the inner lining of small vessels is known to be a predictor of dangerous or possibly fatal cardiovascular events.
HEPA filtration removed about 60 percent of the ultrafine, fine and coarse air particles in homes, according to researchers, and was associated with an 8.1 percent improvement in individual microvascular function (MVF).
"This suggests that indoor air filtration represents a feasible means of reducing cardiovascular risk," he said.
HEPA filters may improve cardiovascular health
Air Purifiers using Ozone
There are also some air purifiers that generate ozone as means of removing some pollutants.
However, doesn't look like these are too great. According to US Environmental Protection Agency:
When inhaled, ozone can damage the lungs. Relatively low amounts of ozone can cause chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath and, throat irritation. It may also worsen chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma as well as compromise the ability of the body to fight respiratory infections.
Available scientific evidence shows that, at concentrations that do not exceed public health standards, ozone is generally ineffective in controlling indoor air pollution.
"Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners: An Assessment of Effectiveness and Health Consequences"
Houseplants as Air Filters
There is info on Internet saing that plants can clean air. Seems they can help, but not readily coping with volumes of air in rooms that aren't sealed from outside world.
Article Living filter: do houseplants really improve indoor air? [link now defunct] includes:
former EPA Indoor Air Division Director Robert Axelrad's primary complaint. He said that NASA's studies did little to simulate the air changes of a typical home or office. "Our calculations indicate that a much higher density of plants would be required (hundred of plants in the typical house) to achieve these results," writes Exelrad.
At "Indoor Air Pollution: An Introduction for Health Professionals", learn:
As a practical means of pollution control, the plant removal mechanisms appear to be inconsequential compared to common ventilation and air exchange rates. In other words, the ability of plants to actually improve indoor air quality is limited in comparison with provision of adequate ventilation.
20 July 2015 / 8:44 am Reply
I wonder that Which HEPA air purifiers is the best on the market ?
3 August 2015 / 5:11 pm Reply
Not sure, Mike; I've seen some pricey ones but not clear if much better than others.


Opt for Poplar Armchair ByOphelia & Co.
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How much does it cost to go to school for a Aquaculture major and what are the most affordable colleges? The average annual out-of-state cost for a bachelor program in Aquaculture is $45,229 with an estimated average four year degree total cost of $180,916. The most affordable bachelor program is offered by University of Maine at an annual $41,418 out of state total cost. This represents a 8% discount from the national average program cost. Clemson University has the nation's most popular bachelor program for Aquaculture with 18 degrees awarded per year.
For two year Aquaculture associate programs, the average total cost per year is $16,665 with an average two year total program cost of $33,330.


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Betula cylindrostachya är en björkväxtart som beskrevs av John Lindley och Nathaniel Wallich. Betula cylindrostachya ingår i släktet björkar, och familjen björkväxter. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Externa länkar

Björkar
cylindrostachya

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Gregory Benford at Fencon 2008
Fencon 2008
Science fiction writer and physics professor Gregory Benford was the Guest of Honor at Fencon 2008. On several occasions during convention he shared his thoughts on topics such as American dominance in the world and its role to play in the technological future. Having been in science fiction fandom for four decades, Benford is proud of American science fiction and fandom influence on the world, which he puts in such blunt terms as "We own the future". At the same time he acknowledges that the future is not all rosy, and that science fiction may be the proverbial canary in the coal mine, signaling of darker times to come. Benford's keynote speech on Saturday was the problems facing the world and what can be done about them. Of those, global climate change was the most significant issue. He assured us that whatever is being done to counter it isn't working, because global warming is typically viewed as a moral problem (excessive consumption), when it needs to be seen as an engineering problem. To that end he proposed an unconventional -- or perhaps little known -- approach. At the end of his speech he spent some time on space travel and overpopulation.
Gregory Benford also appeared in the "Science -- fact or crap?" game at Fencon, where two teams of players competed regarding their knowledge of science facts. Read more about it in my blog.
Editing 101: Self-editing for the Spec Fic Writer: an ApolloCon 2007 panel
Barbara Winter
Julia Mandala
Melanie Miller Fletcher
Rosemary Clement-Moore
Panelists discuss the process of self-editing. And no, we don't mean just chucking it out the window and starting over. How can you honestly and dispassionately proof and edit your writing? Start with the ending and write toward the beginning; kill your darlings; summarize a scene in one sentence. Finally, funny tales from editors' trenches.
Panelists: Rosemary Clement-Moore, Melanie Miller Fletcher, Alexis Glynn Latner, Julia Mandala, Barbara Winter
More blog posts from ApolloCon 2007 (in my blog)
More blog posts from other ApolloCons (in my blog)
Neil Gaiman at Book People in 2005
On September 25, 2005, Book People, an independent bookstore in Austin, TX, hosted a meeting with Neil Gaiman, a phenomenally popular author. Gaiman read an excerpt from his new novel "Anansi Boys", answered questions and signed books.
Gaiman is so funny it's suspicious. Each of his answers to the audience's questions was like a mini stand-up comedy. He cracks a joke in every other sentence. Can he really improvise that well? Or did his agents plant people in the audience with pre-approved questions? :-)
More pictures from this event can be found in this photo album.
Neal Stephenson in Austin, October 4, 2004
On October 4, 2004 Neal Stephenson was at Book People in Austin, TX, where he read an excerpt from his latest book, "The System of the World" (the third and the last one in The Baroque Cycle), gave a talk and signed books. Here are the questions the audience asked him, and his answers:
Q1. How do you your historical research?
Q2. Can you comment briefly on your perception of status of science and philosophy in the current education system?
Q3. Do you have any plans to write more nonfiction?
Q4. What are you reading now?
Q5. The future of metaweb, and is it a good forum to explore how can we get Enlightenment to start again?
Q6. Now that you've been through this process, do you see yourself engaging in the long, long form again?
Q7. You spend that much time just setting the stage for the final conflict. Your prose, your writing style alone is what keeps people coming back. Is that daunting to your publisher?
Q8. When you were here last October, you talked about how you explored history for Cryptonomicon, and the Baroque Cycle. Do you think you reached the end of that?
Q9. Some people are dissatisfied with endings of Neal Stephenson's books...
Q10. Can you talk about Waterhouse and Shaftoe characters, why they appeal to you and why they showed up in the last 4 books?
Q11. I was just wondering if < some author of historical fiction and/or his book> caught your eye while you were writing this.
Q12. Did you develop a lot of material for "Cryptonomicon" and the Baroque Cycle that's not included in the final versions?
Q13. What are your favorite books of all time?
Q14. Are you still a speed metal fan?
Q15. On Neal Stephenson's view of history and how it informs his understanding of current events; and how come current political realities don't play a significant part in his fiction?
Neal Stephenson in Austin, September 25, 2008
On September 25, 2008 Neal Stephenson gave a reading from his latest novel Anathem, signed books and answered audience's questions. This is Stephenson's third reading and Q/A at Book People over the last 4 years. Some of the questions haven't changed much from year to year. Are his projects getting bigger and bigger? Is he ever going to write something short? Which is the favorite of the novels he has written? Why does he prefer to do his research in books, as opposed to search engines? Hint: serendipity. Are there new technologies he is excited about? Other questions are new. Does he have any ideas on posthumanism? Has he been making something cool in the workshop lately? Why is Anathem set on an imaginary world, not Earth?
ArmadilloCon 2009: Stump the Panel
C. J. Mills
Stump The Panel
Panelists at this event are supposed to come up with mundane and science-fictional uses for objects supplied by the audience. They can also use objects they brought themselves. This year's team is C. J. Mills, Steve Wilson, and Chris Roberson. You may never look the same way again at a neti pot, metallic squirrel, or a USB hub.
William Gibson in Austin, June 11, 2008
William Gibson gave a reading, answered audience's questions and signed books in Barnes & Noble on June 11, 2008. He started by saying he was glad to be back in Austin, a city that 14 years ago was ground zero for the "so-called" cyberpunk movement. Then the microphone failed. The irony of this happening right before the speech of a writer who pioneered a new attitude towards technology in science fiction did not escape the audience. After a few attempts by B&N staff to fix the microphone, Gibson gave up and said he'll do a reading a capella. "I don't let technology get in my way," he said. "People have been reading books aloud for centuries. I'm gonna do it the way Byron did it, the way Dylan Thomas did it, except sober." And he read part of the first chapter of his latest novel, "Spook Country".
Then Gibson answered audience's questions. A few of those questions were specifically about "Spook Country", and they didn't make much sense without having read the novel. Others were about writing and Gibson's view of the world in general. Here are a few questions and Gibson's answers. Does he consider his works to be dystopian? Does he create his characters deliberately, or do they spontaneously generate themselves? The latter is definitely the case, as in an example of a character that grew out of a white room. Is there really such a cultural phenomenon as cyberpunk? Last, not knowing much about technology can enable a SF writer to see the forest for the trees.
Pictures available in my photo gallery.
Cyberpunk after 9/11: ArmadilloCon 2004 panel
bucky tubes
Chris Nakashima-Brown
Lawrence Person
Synopsis from ArmadilloCon program book: Why have the cyberpunks abandoned the future? Do William Gibson's "Pattern Recognition" and Bruce Sterling's "The Zenith Angle" evidence a trend? (And don't forget the pre-2001 "Cryptonomicon" of Neal Stephenson and "Zeitgeist" of Sterling) Are they science fiction? What makes them different from more mainstream techno-thrillers? What does it mean for the future of SF?
Panelists: Chris Nakashima-Brown (moderator), Lawrence Person, Kurt Baty
Miscellaneous ArmadilloCon 2003 panels
Dotti Enderle
Lyall Watson
Mary Rosenblum
Wendy Wheeler
Some memorable or amusing moments from panels where I didn't take enough notes to yield an article of its own:
Ideas Somebody Should Write a Book About
Looking for an idea? Watch our panelists brainstorm.
Frontiers in Weird Research
What's the latest strange discovery? Our panel talks about the most recent results and odd topics they've seen.
Inventing the Next Frontier
Looking for new ground in speculative fiction, art and science.


Despite good demand for affordable houses, the ongoing NBFC liquidity crisis didn't allow the growth to be that strong and several consumers had to face delays in getting their homes. Experts point out the industry underwent three big shocks namely demonetization, tighter regulations and the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST).
But braving all these barriers, the Indian real estate industry is slowly and steadily bouncing back to normal and this is proved by a 50 percent spike in home sales this year. There have been reports of many unsold units in many of the big cities including Mumbai and Delhi.
Builders, as well as experts, are not expecting an overnight turn of this situation and they are realistic enough to not expect any huge home sales till June 2019. Part of this is because of the NBFC liquidity crisis and the upcoming general elections. There is a proposal being mulled over currently where GST on the under-construction flats will see a drop from 12 percent to five percent in January next year.
This might improve sales post-June 2019. Most ads promoting homes these days are using the term 'affordable housing' left right and centre and it is surely being lapped up by hopeful home buyers. This year also saw a spike in home loan applications.
Data collected by JLL India shows an increase in sales this year by 47 percent in seven cities although on a lower base. Meanwhile, ANAROCK data showed a 16 percent rise in seven cities and PropTiger's data showcases a 25 percent rise in nine cities. Interestingly, homes with OC saw the highest demand as home buyers are exempted to pay the dreaded GST. Prices throughout the Indian residential market have been constant and will remain the same even next year even if there is a rise in demand because of the large number of unsold units mentioned earlier.
Lakhs of buyers who bought flats in the projects of defaulting developers such as Amrapali, Jaypee group and Unitech suffered despite implementation of Real Estate (Regulation & Development) Act (RERA). Efforts by courts and the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) to provide relief to stuck customers have not yielded any positive outcomes so far.
Unlike the residential sector, the commercial branch saw lots of profits. International biggies like Blackstone and WeWork invested heavily in the office spaces in India bringing in profits which ran into thousands of crores.


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2015 Pan Am Games
The Pan American Games are the world's third largest international multi-sport Games; they are only surpassed in size and scope by the Olympic Summer Games and the Asian Games. While the Pan Am Games have been hosted in a dozen countries throughout the Americas, Canada has had the honour of hosting them twice; in 1967 and 1999 and both times in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Again, in 2015, Toronto was the proud Host City of the Pan Am and Parapan Am Games.
Home / Competitions / Games / 2015 Pan Am Games
Canadian Pentathlete Qualifies for 2016 Olympic Games
Toronto, ON — After an intense day of fencing, swimming and equestrian show jumping, Donna Vakalis put in an outstanding signature performance in the final combined event in the Modern Pentathlon at the Pan American Games in Toronto on July 18th.
The effort had her overtaking several athletes including teammate Melanie McCann to finish just out of the medals in 4th place. This result brings with it Olympic qualification for RIO2016 for the Toronto based athlete who also competed at the 2012 Olympic Games in London. Melanie McCann (Mount Carmel, ON) finished 5th and rookie Hillary Elliott (Ingersoll, ON) at just 17 years of age came in 16th place.
Vakalis reflected on her performance:
"I went into this competition with two top goals. One of those was to earn an Olympic berth and the other was to be on the podium. I am left elated for having made my goal of earning an Olympic berth and I am now hungry for the next chance to have my best competition ever!"
Competition was fierce over the weekend with 22 female and 29 male athletes vying for coveted qualification spots for the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Canadian athletes competing in the men's event included Alberta's Joshua Riker-Fox (Calgary, AB) and Garnett Stevens (Rockland, ON), both putting in solid performances to finish 11th and 13th respectively. A highlight for Garnett was his first place ride with 293 points.
On this rare opportunity to take part in a home town event of this caliber, Vakalis reflected:
"As a pentathlete, I felt fortunate to have Canada hosting a pentathlon competition of this scale. It means we had our community of training partners, neighbours, coworkers, friends and family all come out to support the national pentathlon team, in person… with all the extra performance-boosting vigorous cheering that comes with a hometown crowd. During the competition, my teammates and I were lifted up by Team Canada."
National Team Coach John Hawes commented:
"Our Pan Am Team members did a fantastic job here this weekend. Leading the team was Donna Vakalis who finished an exciting 4th to qualify for a RIO berth! Melanie McCann had a good day also to finish 5th in front of a very supportive home town crowd."
Additional Olympic qualification opportunities continue with the World Cup and international events over the upcoming season.
Pentathlon Canada
Pentathlon Canada governs the sport of pentathlon in Canada, supporting our provincial associations and national team athletes in building a supportive environment for our sport. Pentathletes compete in five sports – fencing, swimming, equestrian riding, and a combined run and shoot – in a one-day competition.
Canadian Modern Pentathlon Team Nominated for Toronto 2015 Pan Am Games
Toronto (May 21, 2015) — On Thursday, the Canadian Olympic Committee (COC) and Pentathlon Canada announced the athletes nominated to represent Team Canada at the TORONTO 2015 Pan American Games from July 10 to 26.
Five athletes have been selected to compete in the modern pentathlon competition and include: London 2012 Olympians, Melanie McCann and Donna Vakalis; Beijing 2008 Olympian, Joshua Riker-Fox; Hillary Elliott and Garnett Stevens. Alternates include: Mathea Stevens and Evin Ballantyne.
Leading the team will be 2012 Olympian, Melanie McCann, whose 11th place finish in London was the best-ever Olympic result by a Canadian modern pentathlete. She came 4th at Guadalajara 2011 to qualify for the Olympic berth. Overall, Canada has won four medals in modern pentathlon at the Pan Am Games including two silver and two bronze.
Modern pentathlon consists of five events conducted over a single day: fencing (épée), swimming (200m freestyle), equestrian (jumping), running, and shooting. Athletes earn points in the first three events (fencing, swimming, equestrian) after which their total point differentials are converted into time handicaps to determine the start order and time intervals for the combined running/shooting segment. In this final leg, athletes shoot at targets with laser pistols in four series separated by 800m runs in an exciting chase. The first athlete across the finish line wins.
The modern pentathlon competition will take place at the Pan Am Aquatics Centre July 18–19, with two events: women's individual and men's individual.
Canada will field the largest team in its Pan American Games history with more than 700 athletes expected to be named to the Team at the Games in Toronto. With TORONTO 2015 providing a "home Games" experience, as well as a number of qualification opportunities for the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, these Games will provide a tremendous experience for Canada's high performance athletes.
Run + Shoot
High Performance Athletes
Provincial/Territorial Contacts
You'll get an email about once a month. We'll never share your address.
The official site of Pentathlon Canada
3800 Steeles Ave. West, Suite #400, Woodbridge ON L4L 4G9
A Creation


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We recently reached a significant milestone in the development of the Oxford African American Studies Center when we added the 500th primary source document to our collection. While the bulk of AASC's content consists of biographies of prominent black Americans, primary sources serve as an essential way of connecting modern scholarship with the voices of people from the past. These letters, legal documents, statistics, reports, short stories, and pamphlets help to illuminate the African American experience. This milestone coincides with the addition of a new set of documents focused exclusively on the inspiring and often misunderstood issue of slave resistance—the acts of protest, disobedience, and occasional violence that enslaved African Americans used against their masters.
In many ways, primary sources have "come to the rescue," so to speak, of a topic that, for many years, had been monopolized by historians who were interested in downplaying the deliberate brutality and incidental cruelty of the system of slavery, as well as the role that African Americans played in its downfall. Read any book on the topic published before the 1970s, and chances are that you will find a description of efficient plantations run by well-meaning but misguided masters, where the overwhelming majority of slaves served docilely until they were at last emancipated by noble Union soldiers. Among the most influential of these books was Life and Labor in the Old South, a Pulitzer-prize winning work by Ulrich B. Philips that portrayed the traditional plantation in glowingly paternalistic terms. The yeoman's work of debunking this idyllic description is only a few decades old, and some of the most important primary sources used in this effort have been written by the slave masters themselves. To take just one example from our collection: the set of laws passed in the state of North Carolina alone reveal the heightened paranoia among Southern elites regarding the nuisance of runaway slaves and the ever-present threat of a full-scale insurrection. In the first half of the 19th century, slave owners continuously lobbied for greater government control over their property, as evidenced by this petition to the North Carolina general assembly in 1830 (see, for example, this document). In response to this and numerous other complaints, the assembly passed a series of increasingly draconian laws establishing a fugitive-catching militia, controlling the movement of slaves, and curtailing the legal rights of blacks. In short, slave resistance was so pervasive that the only viable response was to create a police state.
But, of course, there are also a number of letters, reports, journal entries, and other documents written by the slaves themselves that expose the system as mired in a state of permanent antagonism between slaves and masters. The confessions of Denmark Vesey's co-conspirators, the narrative of James Fisher, and the testimony of insurrectionist Solomon Prosser are as terrifying in their implications of violence as they are inspiring in their demonstration of individual courage and determination. Other sources, such as this letter by Martha Glover, reveal the everyday acts of resistance slaves employed. And, when the Civil War finally began, fugitive slaves played an important role in providing logistical support to Union soldiers, an activity that never ceased to frustrate Confederate military leaders (see, for example, this and this). Far from passively waiting for relief from abolitionists, African Americans were active in their efforts to emancipate themselves.
The discussion of these collective efforts has extended beyond the field of history to other disciplines as well. Political scientist Melissa Harris-Perry, the subject of a recent interview on AASC, writes in her book Sister Citizen about the myth of "mammy," the docile and loyal black maid. Believe it or not, there was once a bill in the US Congress calling for the construction of a statue of "mammy" as a tribute to the nurturing relationship between servants and wealthy Southern white families. Harris-Perry sees in this the same romanticizing of the past that has distorted the legacy of slavery well into the 21st century, and contributed to negative stereotypes of black women. In another field—biblical studies—Vincent Wimbush has used the archetype of the runaway slave—what he refers to as a "runagate"—as a vehicle for exploring themes of identity, conflict, and redemption within Scripture.
But, while the academic community has, for the most part, moved beyond the simplistic descriptions used by Phillips and others, there is still a need to incorporate these stories of rebellion into the broader American narrative. When was the last time, for example, you heard the participants of a slave revolt spoken of in the same terms as the members of the Boston Tea Party? How often has the word "patriot" been used to describe abolitionists and members of the Underground Railroad? They were certainly fighting for the same principles as the nation's founders, and, in many cases, at far greater risk to themselves. And while there are many films, novels, and television shows glorifying American soldiers and other heroes, relatively few do the same for runaway slaves and insurrectionists. Historians still have much work to do to bring these stories into the national consciousness. Meanwhile, more voices from the past, found in primary source documents, are still waiting to be rediscovered.


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