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START JAZZ STUDIES HERE
TITLE MUSIC
Compose Music for the intro of a film or TV show - Any Genre
EDM MUSIC
Compose Music for the the DJ students. Dance Music of any genre.
Compose chilled out music. for the new BBA Spa. - Can also be used for underscores for folm
Compose the Music for a Hip Hop song and find an audio engineer to record the rap.
FOUND SOUNDS
Record sounds from the environment and turn them into a song
BUILDING YOUR EARS
According to composer Pierre Henry, "musique concrète was not a study of timbre, it is focused on envelopes, forms. It must be presented by means of non-traditional characteristics, you see … one might say that the origin of this music is also found in the interest in 'plastifying' music, of rendering it plastic like sculpture…musique concrète, in my opinion … led to a manner of composing, indeed, a new mental framework of composing"
Experimental Music: Is it music? Some define music as organized sound an silence.
ELECTRONIC MUSIC GENRES
THERE ARE TWO PHASES OF ELECTRONIC MUSIC:
1) Avant-Garde/Experimental (pre 1970s)
2) Dance/Electronic (1970s-present) (this is where house, techno, etc. fall in, post-disco synthesized dance genres); also called electronic dance
AVANT-GARDE MUSIC
Avant-garde music in the 20th century refers to electronic composition.
In the years following World War II, Electronic music was embraced by progressive composers, and was hailed as a way to exceed the limits of traditional instruments. Modern Electronic composition is considered to have begun in force with the development of musique concrète and tape recorders in 1948. Composers would cut audio tape at different angles and splice them back together, sometimes randomly, to create all sorts of interesting sounds.
MUSIQUE CONCRETE
Electronic music evolved with the creation of early analog synthesizers. The first pieces of musique concrète like hear above were written by Pierre Schaeffer, who later worked alongside such avant garde classical composers as Pierre Henry, Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen. Stockhausen has worked for many years as part of Cologne's Studio for Electronic Music combining electronically generated sounds with conventional orchestras. Other well-known composers in this field include Edgar Varese and Steve Reich.
Moog is a legendary name in the world of music. As far as manufacturers/innovators of musical/audio equipment go, Robert Moog is as close to a household name as anyone I can think of. The original Moog Modular Synthesizer, as used in early 'hit' electronic records such as Wendy Carlos' "Switched on Bach," was the earliest commercially-available integrated audio synthesizer instrument.
In 1968 Wendy Carlos released "Switched-On Bach" which was to become the most influential "electronic" (not to be confused with modern "electronica") classical recording of all time, winning the 1969 Grammys in three categories. The album was also one of the first "classical" recordings to go Gold. She is considered to be the pioneer in bridging the gap between classical and synthesized music. The album received a mixed reaction at the time of its release, however. Some critics reviled it for trivializing the work of one of the most revered classical composers of all time, but others were excited by the freshness of the sound and the virtuosity that went into its creation. Regardless of the negative reviews, the album caught public attention and sold better than anyone expected.
It may not seem as impressive now, but in 1968 it was a first! Classical music created with electricity!
But as much as Moog was indeed an innovator and a massive contributor to the world of music and audio, widespread acceptance of his (and others – Buchla, EMS, etc) synthesizer systems actually marked the demise of a much earlier tradition of electronic music practice. Because the Moog Modular, complex and inscrutable as it now seems, was in fact a massive simplification and streamlining of the earlier academic/institutional ad-hoc electronic music studio.
Article reprinted from upload.com
As technology developed, and synthesizers became cheaper, more robust and portable, they were adopted by many rock bands. Examples of relatively early adopters in this field are bands like The Silver Apples and Pink Floyd, and although not all of their music was primarily electronic (with the notable exception of The Silver Apples), much of the resulting sound was dependent upon the synthesised element. In the 1970s, this style was mainly popularised by Kraftwerk, who used electronics and robotics to symbolise and sometime gleefully celebrate the alienation of the modern technological world; to this day their music remains uncompromisingly electronic.
Musicians such as Brian Eno, Vangelis, Jean Michel Jarre, the Japanese Isao Tomita, Kitaro and Tangerine Dream also popularised the sound of electronic music. The film industry also began to make extensive use of electronic music in soundtracks; an example of a film whose soundtrack is heavily dependent upon this is Stanley Kubrick's film of Anthony Burgess's novel A Clockwork Orange. Forbidden Planet had used an electronic score in 1956 and, once electronic sounds became a more common part of popular recordings, other science fiction films such as Blade Runner and the Alien series of movies began to depend heavily for mood and ambience upon the use of electronic music and electronically derived effects. Electronic groups were also hired to produce entire soundtracks, in the same way as other popular music stars.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s there was a great deal of innovation around the development of electronic music instruments. Analogue synthesisers largely gave way to digital synthesisers and samplers. Early samplers, like early synthesisers, were large and expensive pieces of gear -- companies like Fairlight and New England Digital sold instruments that cost upwards of $100,000. In the mid 1980s, this changed with the development of low cost samplers. From the late 1970s onward, much popular music was developed on these machines. Groups like Heaven 17, Severed Heads, The Human League, Yaz, The Art of Noise, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, and New Order developed entirely new ways of making popular music by electronic means.
The natural ability for music machines to make stochastic, non-harmonic, staticky noises led to a genre of music known as industrial music led by pioneering groups such as Throbbing Gristle (which commenced operation in 1975) and Cabaret Voltaire. Some artists, like Nine Inch Nails, KMFDM, and Severed Heads, took some of the adventurous innovations of musique concrète and applied them to mechanical dance beats. Others, such as Test Department, Einstürzende Neubauten, took this new sound at face value and created hellish electronic compositions. Meanwhile, other groups (Robert Rich, :zoviet*france:, rapoon) took these harsh sounds and melded them into evocative soundscapes. Still others (Front 242, Skinny Puppy) combined this harshness with the earlier, more pop-oriented sounds, forming electronic body music (EBM).
The development of the techno sound in Detroit and house music in Chicago in the early to late 1980s, and the later UK-based acid house movement of the late 1980s and early 1990s all fuelled the development and acceptance of electronic music into the mainstream and to introduce electronic dance music to nightclubs. Electronic composition can create rhythms faster and more precise than is possible using traditional percussion. The sound of electronic dance music often features electronically altered sounds (samples) of traditional instruments and vocals.
The falling price of suitable equipment has meant that popular music has increasingly been made electronically. Artists such as Björk and Moby have further popularized variants of this form of music within the mainstream. With the explosive growth of computers music technology and consequent reduction in the cost of equipment in the early 1990s, it became possible for a wider number of musicians to produce electronic music. With the advent of hard disk recording systems, it became possbile for any home computer user to become a musician, and hence the rise in the number of "bedroom bands", often consisting of a single person.
Artists that would later become commercially successfully under the "electronica" banner such as Fatboy Slim, the Chemical Brothers, The Crystal Method, Underworld began to record in this early 1990s period. Underworld with its 1994 dubnobasswithmyheadman released arguably one of the defining records of the early electronica period with a blend of club beats, wedded to song writing and subtle vocals and guitar work. A focus on "songs", a fusion of styles and a combination of traditional and electronic instruments often sets apart musicians working in "electronica"-styles over more straight-ahead styles of house, techno and trance.
The more experimental Autechre and Aphex Twin around this time were releasing early records in the "intelligent techno" or so-called intelligent dance music (IDM) style, while other Bristol-based musicians such as Massive Attack and Portishead were experimenting with the fusion of electronic textures with hip-hop, R&B rhythms to form what became known as trip-hop. Later extensions to the trip hop aesthetic around 1997 came from the highly influential Vienna-based duo of Kruder & Dorfmeister, whose blunted, dubbed-out, slowed beats became the blueprint for the new style of downtempo. Rock musicians were also not slow to pick up on the trends in electronic music, and by the mid-1990s so-called "post-rock" bands such as Stereolab and Tortoise incorporating electronic textures into their music.
Around the mid-1990s with the success of the big beat-sound exemplified by the Chemical Brothers in the United States (due in part to the attention from mainstream artists like Madonna), music of this period began to be produced with a much higher budget, production values, and with more layers than most dance music before or after (since it was backed by major record labels and MTV as the "next big thing").
By the late 1990s artists like Moby were pop stars in their own right, releasing albums and performing regularly (sometimes in stadium-sized arenas, such had the popularity of electronic dance music grown). In fact, the status as the next big thing turned out to be shortlived, and some argued that this period exemplifies the notion of record labels and MTV attempting to force a trend upon an audience. During this period, MTV aired shows about the rave lifestyle, started purely electronic music shows such as AMP, and featured many electronica artists. However, the popularity of electronica was never sustained in the United States.
In the United States and other countries like Australia, electronica (and the other attendant dance music genres) remains popular, although largely underground, while in Europe, and in particular the UK, it has arguably become the dominant form of popular music.
DANCE AND ELECTRONIC MUSIC
There are hundred of electronic music genres that have been created over the last 35 years. Over time, many of these genres will be enveloped into a larger genre, or forgotten forever. The longevity of the specific style of music is determined by how popular the genre is, how many people are creating in that genre and how long that sound lasted in the main stream music scene.
As of now, we will attempt to share with you the largest genres and help you develop an ear to recognize these styles with ease.
This list is in no way complete, but will address the largest genres that exist today.
Click on the graphic to get started!
FREEBERN MUSIC
FREEBERNMUSIC.COM
Burr and Burton Academy


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Big Ten News
Illini forward Darius Paul suspended, sent home immediately from overseas trip
posted by Bryan Steedman on Aug 15, 2015
BREAKING: Darius Paul was arrested in Deauville, France early Friday morning; charged with vandalism, public intoxication, resisting arrest
— Bret Beherns (@WCIA3Bret) August 15, 2015
It looks like Illinois has taken another hit to their roster, which is starting to look a bit on the thin thin side thanks to injuries and now the suspension of Darius Paul.
The forward was possibly going to contend for a starting position this season, but now that's in jeopardy as he was sent home early from the team's European trip and suspended indefinitely. Shortly after it came out that Paul was charged with vandalism and public intoxication, prompting head coach John Groce to send him home.
Considering the fact that Paul's off-the-court issues led to him missing last season for the Illini (with Paul playing at the JUCO level instead) and this being a second chance, one has to wonder if Paul is going to remain with the team when everything is said and done.

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Search results for: fabry-perot interferometer - Bridge of Knowledge
Search results for: fabry-perot interferometer
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The optimal construction of fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer
M. Szczerska
B. Kosmowski
R. Hypszer
- Photonics Letters of Poland - Year 2009
Tematem artykułu jest optymalizacja sensorów światłowodowych, wykorzystujących interferometer Fabry-Perota, pracujących w modzie odbiciowym. Celem optymalizacji była maksymalizacja rozdzielczości i dokładności sensora. Autorzy przedstawili analizę teoretyczną oraz wyniki eksperymentalnej optymalizacji światłowodowego interferometru Fabry-Perota, zaprojektowanego i zrealizowanego w laboratorium KOiSE PG.
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ALD thin ZnO layer as an active medium in a fiber-optic Fabry–Perot interferometer
M. Jędrzejewska-Szczerska
P. Wierzba
A. Chaaya
M. Bechelany
P. Miele
R. Viter
A. Mazikowski
K. Karpienko
M. Wróbel
- SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL - Year 2015
ALD thin ZnO layer as an active medium in a fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer
A. A. Chaaya
Application of the Fractional Fourier Transform for dispersion compensation in signals from a fiber-based Fabry-Perot interferometer
M. Mrotek
J. Pluciński
Optical methods of measurement do not require contact of a probe and the object under study, and thus have found use in a broad range of applications such as nondestructive testing (NDT), where noninvasive measurement is crucial. Measuring the refractive index of a material can give a valuable insight into its composition. Low‑coherence radiation sources enable measurement of the sample's properties across a wide spectrum, while...
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Determination of refractive index dispersion using fiber-optic low-coherence Fabry–Perot interferometer: implementation and validation
- OPTICAL ENGINEERING - Year 2014
We present the implementation and validation of low-coherence Fabry–Perot interferometer for refractive index dispersion measurements of liquids. A measurement system has been created with the use of four superluminescent diodes with different optical parameters, a fiber-optic coupler and an optical spectrum analyzer. The Fabry–Perot interferometer cavity has been formed by the fiber-optic end and mirror surfaces mounted on a micromechanical...
Computer-aided analysis of signals from a low-coherence Fabry-Perot interferometer used for measurements of biological samples
The aim of the study was to develop an automated computer-aided system for analysis of spectrograms obtained from measurements of biological samples performed with a low-coherence Fabry-Pérot interferometer. Information necessary to determine dispersion characteristics of measured materials can be calculated from the positions of the maxima and minima that are present in their spectra. The main challenge faced during the development...
Optimization of a Fabry-Perot Sensing Interferometer design for an optical fiber sensor of hematocrit level
- ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A - Year 2013
Continuous measurement of the hemato crit level in blo o d can p otentially b e p erformed using optical bre sensors. The FabryPerot interferometric sensors are a promising candidate in this application. The most imp ortant step in the design of the sensor is design of the sensing interferometer. Adequate cavity length and high interference contrast are two most imp ortant requirements in this application. The design metho d of...
Modeling of multi-cavity Fabry-Perot optical fiber sensors
Reflectance characteristics of a two-cavity extrinsic Fabry-Perot optical fiber sensor were investigated using computer modeling. Calculations were performed using a plane wave-based approach, selected for clarity of results. Based on the modeling results, it can be concluded that the two-cavity Fabry-Perot interferometer can be used to measure two different quantities, such as refractive index and temperature, independently. It...
Beam Waist in a Plano-Concave Fabry-Perot Open Resonator
P. Czekala
B. Salski
P. Kopyt
M. Warecka
S. Dziedziewicz
R. Lech
P. Kowalczyk
A Fabry-Perot open resonator structure with plane and spherical mirrors is analyzed using two modeling techniques: the finite element method and Green's function method in free space. These methods are utilized to evaluate the beam waist of the Gaussian modes. The calculations are conducted in order to determine the minimum size of the probe that finds application in the material characterization analysis. The value of the beam...
The low coherence Fabry-Pérot interferometer with diamond and ZnO layers
D. Majchrowicz
W. Den
M. Hirsch
The authors present a fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer built with the application of diamond and zinc oxide (ZnO) thin layers. Thin ZnO films were deposited on the tip of a standard telecommunication single-mode optical fiber (SMF- 28) while the diamond layer was grown on the plate of silicon substrate. Investigated ZnO layers were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and the diamond films were deposited using Microwave...
Efficient Fabry-Perot Open Resonator Analysis by the use of a Scattering Matrix Method
In this paper a comparative study of the computational efficiency of two modeling methods applied to the analysis of the plano- and double-concave Fabry-Perot open resonators is presented. In both numerical approaches, a scattering matrix method was applied, which allows splitting the analysis of the resonator into several sections, including the one with a spherical mirror, which requires the largest computing resources. Two modeling...
High Q-factor Microwave Fabry-Perot Resonator With Distributed Bragg Reflectors
J. Krupka
A. Ćwikła
M. Mrozowski
R. N. Clarke
M. E. Tobar
Zrealizowany został rezonator Fabry-Perot pracujący na częstotliwości 39 GHz i wykorzystujący dwie pary ćwierćfalowych kwarcowych reflektorów Bragga. Dla fali o długości 98.26 mm otrzymano dobroć ok. 560,000, co oznacza 4.3-krotny wzrost w porównaniu z identycznym rezonatorem bez reflektorów Bragga. Analizę problemu wykonano przy pomocy metody różnic skończonych w dziedzinie częstotliwości (FDFD) i porównano z uproszczonym rozwiązaniem...
Microwave Characterization of Dielectric Sheets in a Plano-Concave Fabry-Perot Open Resonator
T. Karpisz
- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES - Year 2022
Despite its long history, a double-concave (DC) Fabry-Perot open resonator (FPOR) has recently gained popularity in the characterization of dielectrics in the 20–110 GHz range, mainly due to such novel accomplishments as full automation of the measurement process and the development of even ore accurate and computationally efficient electromagnetic model. However, it has been discovered that such a DC resonator suffers from unwanted...
Response of a New Low-Coherence Fabry-Perot Sensor to Hematocrit Levels in Human Blood
- SENSORS - Year 2014
In this paper, a low-coherence Fabry-Perot sensor with a spectrally measured signal processing response to the refractive index of liquids is presented. Optical fiber sensors are potentially capable of continuous measuring hematocrit levels in blood. Low-coherence Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors offer a robust solution, where information about the measurand is encoded in the full spectrum of light reflected from the sensing...
Nitrogen-doped diamond thin films: potential application in Fabry-Pérot interferometer
M. Kosowska
S. Kamatchi
M. Ficek
K. Haenen
- Proceedings of SPIE - Year 2018
In this paper we present results of preliminary research of using nitrogen-doped diamond (NDD) films as reflective layer in Fabry-Pérot interferometer. NDD films were deposited on Si substrates by Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPECVD) with the use of CH4, H2 and N2 gas mixtures. During deposition process methane flow rate varied while nitrogen flow was constant. We performed series of measurements which showed...
Application of boron-doped diamond film and ZnO layer in the Fabry-Pérot interferometer
In this article there have been presented the use of boron-doped diamond films for sensor applications. The low-finesse Fabry-Pérot interferometer working in the reflective mode has been implemented. Two kinds of reflective layers have been elaborated: boron-doped diamond thin films and zinc-oxide (ZnO) layer. Thin ZnO layers were deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) on the face of a standard telecommunication single-mode...
Enhancement of fiber-optic low-coherence Fabry-Pérot interferometer with ZnO ALD films
P. Listewnik
In this paper investigation of the enhanced fiber-optic low coherence Fabry-Pérot interferometer with zinc oxide (ZnO) film deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was presented. Model of the interferometer, which was constructed of single-mode optical fiber with applied ZnO ALD films, was built. The interferometer was also examined by means of experiment. Measurements were performed for both reflective and transmission modes,...
Spectral reflectance and transmission modeling of multi-cavity Fabry-Pérot interferometer with ZnO thin films
A. Szreder
In this paper spectral reflectance and transmission of a low-coherence fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer with thin ZnO layers is analyzed using a multi-cavity approach. In the investigated setup two standard single-mode optical fibers (SMF-28) with thin ZnO films deposited on their end-faces form an extrinsic Fabry-Pérot interferometer with air cavity. Calculations of the spectral response of the interferometer were performed...
Tuning transfer function of fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer via introduction of birefringence in the cavity
- OPTICA APPLICATA - Year 2019
The study investigates the impact of birefringence exhibited by the cavity material of a fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer on its transfer function. The theoretical approach to analyze the effect of birefringence in the cavity of a plane Fabry-Pérot interferometer is described. The case of high- and low-finesse interferometer is investigated. It is shown that introduction of a birefringent medium of optimized parameters can...
Response of a fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer to refractive index and absorption changes – modelling and experiments
This paper describes how the refractive index and the absorption of investigated substances change the spectrum of the optical radiation at the output of the fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer. The modeling of the operation of the interferometer takes into account not only the spectra of the refractive index and the absorption of the medium that is inside the cavity, but also spectra of the refractive indices of the core and...
Fiber optic low-coherence Fabry-Pérot interferometer with ZnO layers in transmission and reflective mode: comparative study
A construction of a low-coherence fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer using a thin ZnO layer as a reflective surfaces was proposed and examined. In the investigated setup, the ZnO layer of thickness 200 nm were deposited on the face of the standard telecommunication single-mode optical fiber (SMF-28). Measurements of interference signal were performed for the interferometer working in the transmission and reflective mode, as...
Spectral reflectance modeling of ZnO layers made with Atomic Layer Deposition for application in optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors
Suitability of zinc oxide (ZnO) layers grown using Atomic Layer Deposition for operation in optical-fiber extrinsic Fabry-Perot sensors is investigated using a numerical model. Reflectance spectra obtained using the developed model indicate that the application of these layers in optical-fiber extrinsic Fabry-Perot sensors is difficult as it may require a source whose spectrum width is about 300 nm. A series of ZnO layers grown...
Biophotonic low-coherence sensors with boron-doped diamond thin layer
M. Sobaszek
Low-coherence sensors using Fabry-Perot interferometers are finding new applications in biophotonic sensing, especially due to the rapid technological advances in the development of new materials. In this paper we discuss the possibility of using boron-doped nanodiamond layers to protect mirror in a Fabry-Perot interferometer. A low-coherence sensor using Fabry-Perot interferometer with a boron-doped nanodiamond (B-NCD) thin protective...
The use of thin diamond films in fiber optic low-coherence interferometers"
- IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering - Year 2015
In this paper we present the use of thin diamond films in fiber-optic low-coherence interferometers. Two kinds of diamond surfaces were used: undoped diamond film and boron-doped diamond film. They were deposited on glass plates as well as silicon layers. A conventionally used mirror was used as a reference layer. Diamond films were deposited using Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (μPE CVD) system. Measurements...
Surface quality control of a thin SiN layer by optical measurements
J. Gierowski
S. Pawłowska
Fiber optic interferometers have a wide range of applications, including biological and chemical measurements. Nevertheless, in the case of a reflective interferometer setup, standard silver mirrors cannot be used in every measurement, due to their chemical activity. This work investigates the surface quality of a thin optical layer of silicon nitride (SiN), which can serve as an alternative material for silver mirrors. We present...
Effect of temperature change on refractive index of an egg white and yolk: a preliminary study
P. Sokołowski
In this article, the refractive index of an egg white and yolk depending on temperature in range 30 - 47 °C over 1550 nm was determined. The measurement head was constructed as fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer with interference between polished fiber end-face and aluminum weighing dish. The measurement setup has been made of an optical spectrum analyzer, a superluminescent diode with a central wevelength of 1550 nm, 2:1 fiber...
The silver layers in fiber-optic sensors
M. Aydoğan
In this paper a method of application of the silver layers on the surface of an optical fiber was proposed. The optical properties and surface quality of the silver layer was examined by optical microscopy. The reflection and transmission of the sample were investigated. To evaluate the silver mirror it was placed in a fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer and the quality of the spectra was analyzed. The commercial mirror was...
Low-coherence photonic method of electrochemical processes monitoring
P. Jakóbczyk
M. Rycewicz
A. Vitkin
- Scientific Reports - Year 2021
We present an advanced multimodality characterization platform for simultaneous optical and electrochemical measurements of ferrocyanides. Specifcally, we combined a fber-optic Fabry– Perot interferometer with a three-electrode electrochemical setup to demonstrate a proof-ofprinciple of this hybrid characterization approach, and obtained feasibility data in its monitoring of electrochemical reactions in a boron-doped diamond flm...
Implementation of SiN thin film in fiber-optic sensor working in telecommunication range of wavelengths
B. Stonio
M. Juchniewicz
M. Kruczkowski
Mirrors are used in optical sensors and measurement setups. This creates a demand for mirrors made of new materials and having various properties tailored to specific applications. In this work, we propose silicon covered with a thin silicon nitride layer as a mirror for near-infrared measurements. SiN layer was deposited on a standard silicon wafer with a Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition furnace. Then, the created layer...
Distance measurement by the low coherent interferometer
Open Research Data
The obtained data was acquired by the interferometric fiber-optic sensor of distance. The setup was constructed of a broadband light source working at the central wavelength of 1560 nm, an optical spectrum analyzer and a fiber-optic 2x1 coupler (with the power split 50:50). All elements were connected by standard single-mode optical fibers. The measurement...
Fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot sensors – modeling versus measurements results
This paper describes how parameters of investigated substances and the fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot sensing interferometer affect the spectrum of the optical radiation at the output of the sensor. First, the modeling of the operation of the sensing interferometer was conducted. Most important parameters and effects that were taken into account are: dependences of the refractive indices of the core and the cladding, as well the mode...
Nanocrystalline diamond sheets as protective coatings for fiber-optic measurement head
Y. Fleger
D. Fixler
- CARBON - Year 2020
Fiber-optic sensors find numerous applications in science and industry, but their full potential is limited because of the risk of damaging the measurement head, in particular, due to the vulnerability of unprotected tips of the fiber to mechanical damage and aggressive chemical agents. In this paper, we report the first use of a new nanocrystalline diamond structure in a fiber-optic measurement head as a protective coating of...
Computer support of analysis optical spectra measurements
Verification of measurement errors has a big impact on assessment of accuracy of conducted measurements and obtained results. In many cases computer simulation results are compared with measurement results in order to evaluate measurement errors. The purpose of our research was to check the accuracy of measurements made with Fabry-Perot interferometer working in the transmission mode. In measurement setup, a 1310 nm superluminescent...
Computer Support of Analysis of Optical Spectra Measurements
- Engineering Proceedings - Year 2021
The verification of measurement errors has a big impact on the assessment of the accuracy of conducted measurements and obtained results. In many cases, computer simulation results are compared with measurement results in order to evaluate measurement errors. The purpose of our research was to check the accuracy of measurements made with a Fabry–Perot interferometer working in the transmission mode. In the measurement setup, a...
Detection of immunological agent by optical fiber sensor: preliminary study
M. Wąsowicz
M. Kulka
The objective of this study is the application of optical methods for detection of immunological agent concentration. As the agent we used the Cyclaid, produced by Apotex Inc. In this article we investigated different Cyclaid concentrations in water. We used a Fabry-Pérot interferometer working in a reflective mode, the measurements were performed with source with central wavelength λ = 1550 nm. The preliminary investigation have...
Distance measurement with the low coherent interferometer with silver mirror (the source wavelegth 1310 nm) - 0 um.
The obtained data was acquired by the interferometric fiber-optic sensor of distance. The setup was constructed of a broadband light source working at the central wavelength of 1310 nm, an optical spectrum analyzer, and a fiber-optic 2x1 coupler (with the power split 50:50). All elements were connected by standard single-mode optical fibers. The measurement...
Application of Thin ZnO ALD Layers in Fiber-Optic Fabry-Pérot Sensing Interferometers
In this paper we investigated the response of a fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot sensing interferometer with thin ZnO layers deposited on the end faces of the optical fibers forming the cavity. Standard telecommunication single-mode optical fiber (SMF-28) segments were used with the thin ZnO layers deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Measurements were performed with the interferometer illuminated by two broadband sources operating...
Distance measurement with the low coherent interferometer with silver mirror (the source wavelegth 1310 nm) - 20 um (serie 1)
Distance measurement with the low coherent interferometer with silver mirror (the source wavelegth 1310 nm) - 0 um (serie 2)
- series: Distance measurement with the low coherent interferometer
Distance measurement with the low coherent interferometer with silver mirror (the source wavelegth 1310 nm) - 200 um (serie 2)
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Sushma Vs Trolls Points to Rift Within BJP Before 2019 Polls
in India — by Dr Aurobindo Ghose —	July 17, 2018
There is more to external affairs minister Sushma Swaraj's apparently graceful response to the Twitter trolling she has faced over her ministry's issuance of a passport to an inter-faith couple than meets the eye.
Swaraj has been the target of offensive tweets for helping Tanvi Seth, wife of Mohammad Anas Siddiqui, get her passport after an officer allegedly harassed her for not changing her name to a Muslim one after marriage.
It is significant that a Hindustan Times analysis revealed that 41 BJP parliamentarians, who are either ministers in the Union cabinet or elected MPs to the Lok Sabha, follow at least one of the accounts that tweeted a message which Swaraj regarded as trolling. It transpires that Narendra Modi follows eight of those accounts.
Although there is nothing to suggest that any or all of the abovesaid 41 BJP parliamentarians endorse the tweets posted against her, the proximity of the 'hate trollers' and the Twitter accounts of these BJP MPs and ministers, including the prime minister, tell a story of its own.
On June 30, which was Social Media Day, apparently unaffected by the bitter trolling of his colleague, Prime Minister Modi congratulated his 'young friends for their innovative usage of social media', which 'has played a key role in democratising our discourse' and that 'their frank method of conveying opinions is extremely endearing'.
I would particularly like to congratulate my young friends for their innovative usage of social media. Their frank method of conveying opinions is extremely endearing. I urge youngsters to continue expressing and discussing freely. #SocialMediaDay
— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) June 30, 2018
In the background of the parallel and heavy trolling of Swaraj, Modi's tweets meant only one thing: he had no sympathy for his colleague.
Politicians of all hues and commentators over Facebook, online and printed media, were quick in responding to the bitter trolling of Swaraj and her apparently gentle response. Union ministers Rajnath Singh, Nitin Gadkari and Ram Vilas Paswan, West Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee, former chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir Mehbooba Mufti, the Indian National Congress and other opposition parties, all separately came in support of Swaraj. Rajnath Singh said the trolling was 'wrong' but added that "she should not have liked the tweets that offended her" and "there was no need to conduct the poll on Twitter" that she had done to canvass support for civil language.
On July 3, Sidharth Bhatia wrote in The Wire that Swaraj's "polite response means that she chose to swallow the insults". The same day, Swaraj directly hit back at a troll. When one of her critics asked her to do her a favour and block her on Twitter, Swaraj shot back in Hindi "Why wait? Here you go, you're blocked".
The BJP came out with a delayed and weak defence of Swaraj when its national general secretary Ram Madhav wrote a piece in the Indian Express on July 6. Madhav is clear that trolling Swaraj, a champion of nationalism, on the passport issue is unacceptable, and also admits that the trollers are from the same side. Yet his main grouse seems to be why the trollers have let got the "regressive Muslim cleric" who performed the nikah and forced a Hindu woman to change her name. In another piece in the Indian Express on July 10, Apoorvanand looks at the issue ideologically and concludes that the trolls that target Swaraj are a byproduct of her and her party's politics.
A few words on who is Sushma Swaraj (nee Sharma) might be relevant. Born in Ambala, Haryana, her father was a prominent RSS member hailing from Lahore. She began her political life with the ABVP but was influenced by her husband and colleague in the legal profession, Swaraj Kaushal, who was a socialist by conviction and closely associated with the socialist leader George Fernandes. This took her to active participation in JP's total revolution movement and the legal defence team for Fernandes in 1975. After the Emergency, she joined the BJP and soon became one of its prominent national leaders. Since then she has twice been an MLA in Haryana and the youngest ever cabinet minister in the country at the age of 25. She has been chief minister of Delhi for a brief period. She has been a member of parliament for seven terms, leader of the opposition in the 15th Lok Sabha and Union minister in-charge of important portfolios like information and broadcasting, health and now external affairs since May 2014.
After taking over the MEA, Swaraj has been virtually reduced to the handling of overseas Indian affairs with foreign policy being exclusively handled and directed by Prime Minister Modi and his cohorts NSA advisor Ajit Doval and, till recently, foreign secretary S. Jaishankar. She has done the job allocated to her well. By creating the 'Twitter Seva' service and now the passport seva mobile app she has helped thousands of Indian citizens in difficulty abroad. The passport seva mobile app, which allows migrant applicants to apply for a passport from their original place of residence, was launched on June 27 and by June 29, there were one million downloads. As recently as July 11, Swaraj tweeted that she was hearing only harsh language these days, a comment which means that she continues to be the victim of vicious and bitter trolling. No wonder, communication firm Burson Cohn & Wolfe concluded after a survey, that she is the most followed female world leader on Twitter with more than 10 million followers.
It is clear that Sushma Swaraj's response to the bitter trolling was not only firm but also reflected her determination to uphold the passport rules rather than succumb to the coercion of communal trolling. She thereby upheld the Rule of Law, rather than the rule of the mob. She stood up to Modi and his loyalists and showed him who is the real external affairs minister. By holding a surprise Twitter poll on trolls where she secured a majority, she demonstrated her popular base. By getting support from her cabinet colleagues and political leaders from different parties, she proved that she commands respect.
Those who say Swaraj's response to the trolling was inadequate have not realised that what she did is tantamount to a virtual revolt both within the BJP as well as the RSS. Her response, although couched in gentle terms, may gather more force in the coming months and take a clear shape only before the Lok Sabha polls in 2019. Given the fact that Swaraj enjoys having support and friends both within her party and outside, her present stand and actions may even influence, at the same time, the result of the elections, as well as the choice of the next prime minister, should Narendra Modi fail to deliver a decisive victory for the BJP.
Aurobindo Ghose is a lawyer and human rights activist, practicing in the Supreme Court of India. He is a retired professor from Delhi University.
Originally published in The Wire


Grainger Public Relations » International Women's Day: Does Accountancy Add up for Females?
International Women's Day: Does Accountancy Add up for Females?
Louise Grant (39) is a Partner with EQ Chartered Accountants. Based in the firm's Dundee office, Louise, a mother-of-two, heads up the Healthcare team and has been working with the firm for almost 15 years.
What led you towards a career in accountancy?
When I was applying for university, I chose maths because I always enjoyed it at school. It turned out to be too science-based for me, so I changed to accounting.
How did you become a Partner at EQ?
After four years at university, I secured a graduate position to study for my professional qualifications with one of the firms that eventually merged to become EQ and I worked my way through the ranks. I've now worked with EQ for 15 years and love it!
Some people think accountants spend most of their day at their desk, staring at numbers. Although there is obviously some compliance work involved, I spend a lot of my time meeting clients – not just in Dundee but all over Scotland and beyond. I'd always rather meet clients face-to-face than email them back and forth – my job is about building relationships and providing the best service. Sometimes that might involve popping in on my way home, for example with dental clients who have no time to talk or meet during the working day. I also spend time meeting up with intermediaries like bankers, solicitors and valuers. This ensures that I'm maintaining my network in the local business community which is crucial as many of my clients rely on my personal contacts.
Are there still outdated stereotypes surrounding accountants?
I'm finding this less and less but, when I started out, it was definitely seen as a 'men in suits' profession, in the same way as solicitors and bankers used to be perceived. Today, it's much more of a level playing field where talent, experience and personality are key, not gender. Although the majority of our recent trainee intake is female, when we look at training the next generation of accountants, it's about getting the right person in position, not the gender.
My favourite part of the job is building relationships, tapping into the human side of business.
I like to find out what's happening within the business, get to know the clients, how their business ticks. When dealing with business owners, it's about more than just their job, it's their livelihood, their life. Only by understanding the greater context and the client's dreams and aspirations can we really provide the best advice.
Recently, we helped two young, enthusiastic dentists purchase a local dental practice. We supported their journey from start to finish, including securing the funding and assisting with many operational NHS matters you wouldn't necessarily associate with accountants.
Is accountancy a good profession for women?
It's a fantastic line of work but, in my view, it's not about the profession, it's about your employer and your colleagues. It's a level playing field and I never encounter any challenges or restrictions related to being female. I'm a Partner like any other Partner – if you work hard, you'll be rewarded.
It's also important to note that not everyone who is doing their professional training with us has an accountancy degree. We take on geography graduates, arts and design, the whole range. Sometimes they have to do more professional exams than accountancy graduates but it can be done. We also have lots of school leaver positions. There's a lot more flexibility within accountancy than you might think!


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Tennessee educators enraged by retired UT professor's 'harmful' comments about dyslexia at conference
Brinley Hineman
A retired University of Tennessee literacy professor made inflammatory remarks at a statewide conference igniting swift criticism from educators.
While at the Literacy Association of Tennessee Conference in Murfreesboro, Richard Allington denounced dyslexia, questioning its existence and slamming advocates of the learning disorder. Allington, now retired, previously taught at the University of Florida, is the former president of the International Reading Association and has served on many education editorial boards.
During his presentation at the conference, Allington criticized former Gov. Bill Haslam for signing the" Say Dyslexia" Bill into law in 2016, which required school districts to screen for dyslexia characteristics and provide dyslexic students with specific resources adaptive to their learning styles.
He said if Haslam had contacted him prior to enacting the bill, he would've said, "Just veto it and shoot whoever made the bill."
Additionally, he said Haslam was going to hell for signing the bill and said dyslexia advocates were on drugs.
Allington didn't mince words when degrading phonics, a method of teaching people to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system.
"There are still people who are dumb enough to think that using this structured phonics program is … what their kids need if they're going to be successful," he said.
State Rep. John Ray Clemmons, D-Nashville, wrote a letter to interim UT President Randy Boyd about Allington's statements and conduct at the conference, asking the president to investigate the remarks. Additionally, he asked Allington to apologize.
"Encouraging others to act in violence or inciting the bullying of advocates is completely unacceptable," Clemmons said.
Allington holds the title of professor emeritus at the UT.
"University leadership expects anyone associated with our university to be able to engage in a thoughtful discussion of issues without demeaning or intimidating people who may disagree," UT spokesman Owen Driskill said by email.
By phone Thursday morning, Allington, who lives in upstate New York, said he's been "battling idiots over dyslexia" his entire career.
Although it's clear by Allington's research that his primary goal is to promote literacy and fluent reading in children, he said he believes dyslexia and its advocates are "promoting a scam" that isn't backed "by a shred of evidence."
He believes children who struggle to read need more personalized reading instruction rather than relying on special educators, whom he believes impede reading.
Allington stood by his comments and said he wished he'd announced at the beginning of his presentation that dyslexia advocates would "be pissed" if they stayed for his talk.
Educators enraged by comments
Allington's comments didn't sit well with some conference attendees, prompting several to walk out during his presentation.
Zack Barnes, an assistant professor of special education at Austin Peay State University, wasn't surprised by Allington's comments, as he'd heard him make similar ones at a 2016 conference. Still, hearing a prominent and distinguished professor claim dyslexia wasn't real and to rebuke parents and teachers in an "abhorrent" way was disappointing.
"A lot of his talk was harmful," Barnes said. "I didn't think it was productive."
Julie South, a Maury County English teacher, said hearing Allington's remarks was "jaw-dropping."
South, who has two children who are dyslexic and frequently teaches children with dyslexia, was offended by the comments, calling them "inappropriate, unprofessional and threatening."
She feels that as educators, she and Allington have an obligation to be role models for students. Saying such coarse comments about students was hurtful to hear.
Jennifer Fleming, another Maury County educator and dyslexia specialist, said she was disheartened to hear Allington bash dyslexia.
Fleming has dyslexia and serves on the board of International Dyslexia Association Tennessee. She knows firsthand how difficult learning to read can be, and she believes phonics is required for some students. Fleming spends her summers educating other teachers on dyslexia and how to work with students who have it.
"It's OK to disagree," South said. "I think it's crazy to say that dyslexia does not exist, but there's a place and way to have that conversation without making such inflammatory comments."
What do you think of Richard Allington's comments? Reach Brinley Hineman at bhineman@gannett.com, at 615-278-5164 and on Twitter @brinleyhineman.


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Starbucks Opens World Renowned Costa Rican Coffee Farm to Visitors
A 46,000-square foot visitor center immerses guests in the entire life cycle of sustainably grown, high-quality arabica coffee from seedling to picking, milling, roasting and the craft of brewing in a café
Starbucks approach to ethical sourcing and innovative coffee tree hybrid research also showcased at the visitor center, part of the company's $100 million investment in an open-sourced farmer support program to help make coffee the world's first sustainably sourced agriculture product
ALAJUELA, COSTA RICA – WEBWIRE – Wednesday, March 7, 2018
Today, Starbucks Coffee Company (NASDAQ: SBUX) opens the doors to its Visitor Center at Hacienda Alsacia, located on the company's 600-acre (240 hectare) coffee farm on the slopes of the Poas volcano in Costa Rica. Hacienda Alsacia is a working farm that has served as a global research and development facility for Starbucks since 2013. Now open to the public, visitors will have the chance to experience coffee from seed to cup and see firsthand the agronomy work the company has been supporting and investing in for more than two decades.
"Much like the premium retail experiences we are designing around the world, the Visitor Center at Hacienda Alsacia is a fully immersive space and now, for the first time ever, Starbucks is connectingour customers to the entire coffee ecosystem from seedling to the craft of brewing," said Howard Schultz, Starbucks executive chairman.
Designed by Starbucks in-house design team known for creating the "third place" experience in its Starbucks stores and its premium Reserve Roasteries, this 46,000-square foot Visitor Center is an experiential environment helping to educate visitors on the full coffee ecosystem. Visitors can tour the space on their own or with a guide, discovering everything from a coffee seedling nursery to a greenhouse with new, disease-resistant coffee varietals, coffee fields with ripe cherries at harvest, in addition to a wet mill and drying patio. These hands-on experiences culminate at a Starbucks café where coffee from Hacienda Alsacia is roasted fresh onsite and served using multiple brewing methods. The menu is inspired by Starbucks premium Reserve brand.
"Our farm allows us to learn firsthand the ongoing complexities that coffee farmers face in order to accelerate our comprehensive approach to ethical sourcing," said Kevin Johnson, president and chief executive officer of Starbucks. "Now more than ever, we must ensure the future of coffee through sustainable practices so that it is available for generations to come."
Over the last two decades, Starbucks has developed its approach to ethical sourcing with Conservation International. During this time, the company has achieved significant milestones including:
Verifying 99% of Starbucks coffee as ethically sourced as of 2015
Creating a farmer support center network in nine locations around the world, each of which provides on-the-ground agronomy support for all coffee farmers, whether Starbucks purchases from them or not
Donating thousands of seedlings from five different coffee tree hybrids developed through its research with ICAFE, Costa Rica's coffee institute
Donating 30 million rust-resistant coffee trees with a goal of 100 million distributed by 2025
Financing a Global Farmer Fund that will provide $50 million in short- and long-term farmer loans, with more than $22 million distributed to date
All this work is in support of the goal to make coffee the world's first sustainably sourced agricultural product. In 2015, Starbucks became a founding member of the Sustainable Coffee Challenge, a growing coalition of more than 90 diverse industry, NGO and government organizations led by Conservation International. The Sustainable Coffee Challenge is convening the sector to sustain the future supply of coffee while helping to ensure the prosperity and well-being of farmers and workers and conserving forests, water and soil.
"The coffee we drink depends on the well-being of 25 million coffee producers, 10 million hectares of coffee farms and the continued ability of nature to sustain them," said Dr. M. Sanjayan, chief executive officer for Conservation International. ""To meet projected demand, the industry will need to produce between four million and 14 million additional tons of coffee per year. Unless growers can significantly increase coffee productivity, the industry would need to double the area under production. This would increase the current area of land under coffee production, currently about the size of Iceland, to an area that would be four times the size of Costa Rica."
Since 2012, Starbucks has been operating stores in Costa Rica with its license partner, Premium Restaurants of America, now with 11 stores in addition to our Farmer Support Center and Visitor Center. Costa Rican coffee has been a part of Starbucks core offerings since it opened its doors in 1971, most recently a limited-edition offering of Hacienda Alsacia single-origin packaged coffee for customers around the world.
About Starbucks
Since 1971, Starbucks Coffee Company has been committed to ethically sourcing and roasting high-quality arabica coffee. Today, with more than 25,000 stores around the globe, Starbucks is the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world. Through our unwavering commitment to excellence and our guiding principles, we bring the unique Starbucks Experience to life for every customer through every cup. To share in the experience, please visit our stores or online at news.starbucks.com and Starbucks.com.
Food / Beverages


Turkish Manufacturer General Mobile company just unveiled its upcoming Android One phone, the GM 5, will have the first Nougat based smartphone. The device will runs the latest Android Nougat 7.0 operating system. The device will go on sale this month.
GM 5 has a 5-inch IPS Full HD display with the resolution of 1,280×720 pixels and protected by Gorilla Glass. The device is powered by 64-bit Qualcomm Snapdragon quad core processor with a clock speed of 1.2GHz along with the Adreno 306 GPU, and runs Android 7.0 Nougat operating system. The device has 2GB of RAM and 16GB of internal storage that can be expandable via MicroSD card up to 64GB.
The phone comes with a 13-megapixel rear camera and a 5-megapixel front selfies shooter. The smartphone will also come with the 2,500mAh battery capacity, the battery can be removable. The device weighs in at 160g, measuring 140.4 × 69.75 ×9.3 mm. The GM 5 will available in three color variants: Golden, Space Gray and Black. Both the single SIM and dual SIM variants of this will be available.
The company hasn't revealed the price of the smartphone yet, but it is expected that it will be a affordable phone. GM 5 will go on sale this month, but the exact date is still unconfirmed. The company plans to launch the phone in 20 countries, mostly in Europe, but also in some markets in Africa and Asia.


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Ricky Williams, Terrell Owens Launch The 'Freedom Football League'
Brett Hershman , Benzinga Staff Writer
December 06, 2018 3:49pm 727 Comments
Move over XFL and AAF, there's another new football league in town.
The Freedom Football League, founded by a coalition 50 former NFL players including Heisman Trophy winner Ricky Williams and Hall-Of-Famer Terrell Owens, says it's different because from the other upstarts with its player-centric approach, upending the traditional ownership model in pro football and enabling fans and players the ability to purchase ownership of the individual teams.
"The Freedom Football League is truly unique in the way that it rethinks so many aspects of the game of football, starting with ownership and money," Williams told Benzinga. "As a former player and life-long follower of the sport, I am personally very proud that our league allows both players and fans to join the movement as owners.
"The phrase 'Billionaires Not Allowed' is a core piece of the FFL's ideology which goes beyond just money to represent to our desire to keep player and fan interests at the heart of everything we do."
Spring Football League Doesn't Look To Compete With NFL, NCAA
The league will start with 10 teams: San Diego Warriors, Oklahoma City Power, Portland Progress, Texas Revolution, Ohio Players, Florida Strong, Birmingham Kings, St. Louis Independence, Connecticut Underground and Oakland Panthers.
The league will play in the spring and says it's not in direct competition with the NFL or the NCAA.
Williams, no stranger to controversy during his NFL run, said the league will encourage players social commentary, in stark contrast to the NFL.
"The purpose of this league ... is about community and the development of players... In thinking about creating this league, I wanted to create a league that I could have stayed in and been comfortable and really thrived," he told ESPN's "Outside the Lines."
Williams also said he wants to maintain a regional approach to teams, cultivating local talent as opposed to how professional teams rarely are able to attract or keep local stars on their team.
XFL, AAF Will Be Key Competitors
The real competition for the FFL will come from the XFL and AAF.
The XFL just announced it will kick off in 2020 with eight teams: Dallas, St. Louis, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Seattle, Tampa Bay and Washington D.C. This is a big second chance for World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. (NYSE: WWE)'s Vince McMahon, who has self-funded the league and is sparing no expense, committing to spend up to $500 million in the first three seasons. The league named former NFL quarterback Oliver Luck as commissioner.
The Alliance of American Football will be the first new league to get started, launching its inaugural season Feb. 9, 2019, one week after the Super Bowl and will air on CBS. The league also has a regional approach, giving teams first rights to players from local colleges.
"That's one of the really exciting things about the league. If they played at Utah State or Utah or BYU, we get their first rights," Salt Lake Stallions Team President Tyler Howell said at the team's uniform unveiling event. "To have guys like Jeremiah (Poutasi) or Cardon (Malan) here from Utah and Weber State is awesome; there's already a fanbase built. We already have four years of loyalty to these guys, so we get to just extend that."
Vince McMahon Unveils 8 Cities Hosting XFL Teams In 2020
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Q: Is there a way to find the physical address of a global variable from the user space Lets say I have a global variable defined in my program. I want to know its physical address (not virtual address). Is there a way to find it in Linux in user space? I know that the physical address might change during execution, but I am OK with just knowing the current physical address.

A: virt_to_phys is available but can only be used in kernel space and not in user space, specifically when is allocated with kmalloc and only when it is in page tables.
http://mirror.linux.org.au/linux-mandocs/2.6.12.4/virt_to_phys.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Interview with Gaby Dalkin from What's Gaby Cooking
Photo taken from Gaby's blog
"I like to think of myself as- kind of the modern California girl," says Gaby Dalkin, food blogger, author and recently, Youtuber. She started her website in 2009, and has become popular among the blogging community since then.
The 27-year old chef wasn't always the foodie she is today. "I was the pickiest eater on the face of earth. Like, literally I only ate macaroni and cheese and grilled cheese till I was probably 14 years old," she says. "Then when I got into college . . . I liked feeding people so I watched an obsessive amount of the food network."
Believe it or not, Gaby experimented with Pre-med and business studies in college before turning to culinary school. She also tried out pastry school- which didn't suit her. "I really wasn't into measuring and making obsessive amount of pastries," she explains. "Plus, I got my first cavity while I was pastry school and I freaked out, so I dropped it."
After culinary school Gaby worked as a personal chef in LA- the celebrity hub. She got to work with several celebrities, the most famous of which is Jessica Simpson. "I absolutely adore her, she's the most lovely person in the whole world!" Gaby gushes.
She then went on to start her blog, "What's Gaby Cooking", with the help of her husband- the tech guy, and her "chief taste tester". Her hook is fresh, modern California style food with occasional decadence- such as her famous Slutty Brownies. She says, "I'm lucky to live in a place in America where we get really amazing produce, and I have farmers markets almost every day that I can go to."
Through the blogging community, Gaby attends multiple food conferences where she befriends various other foodies- such as Ree Drummond, creator of "The Pioneer Woman". She also interacts with other bloggers online- the coolest part about blogging.
Using her creativity and love for avocados, Gaby produced Absolutely Avocados- a cookbook dedicated to utilizing the Mexican fruit in 80+ ways. In order to create the book, each recipe was tested four to five times. "I became besties with the guy at my local market, he would save me all the great avocados," she jokes. Because she enjoyed the process of writing this one, Gaby looks forward to creating more cookbooks in the future.
Being the superwoman she is, Gaby has also started a Youtube channel, under the username "whatsgabycooking". "I love making videos," she says. "It's so fun and it's so different than just sitting in front of my computer and typing on my blog because I feel like I get to connect with my readers and my viewers and they get to see me and I feel like they're in the kitchen with me."
Gaby's passion for cooking is evident. "The great thing about cooking is that it's really forgiving," she says. You can adjust seasonings after you making things and add more salt or add more acid." Her advice to blogging novices is to "figure out what you're bringing to the table, find your voice and own it." She's right.
check out Gaby's blog: http://whatsgabycooking.com
posted in Phenomenal Foodies
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Interview with Lindsay Ostrom from Pinch of Yum – Phenomenal Foodies
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A Bittersweet Fact of Life
Dark Chocolate Chocolate Chip Nutella Stuffed Chocolate Cookies


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President Nazarbayev's 100 Concrete Steps Lay Foundation for Stable and Enduring Modern Nation State
By Indranil Banerjie in Op-Ed on 11 August 2015
Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev has formulated a grand programme to create the pillars of a modern democratic state. The five broad areas of reform are the development of a professional executive, independent judiciary, government accountability, economic strategies and national identity.
These five reforms have been further sub-divided into various sub-components and 100 specific objectives have been detailed in order to implement the programme. A wealth of expertise both within Kazakhstan and from all over the world has been garnered to devise the strategy of 100 Concrete Steps.
If successfully implemented, these reforms promise to lay the foundation of a stable and enduring modern nation state.
Professional Civil Service
The first basic
requirement of any state is a body of individuals authorised to honestly and diligently implement orders, plans and programmes emanating from the national leadership. One of the most important reasons for the success of the ancient Chinese empires was the existence of a large, competent and professional bureaucracy selected on the basis of merit through examinations. These Chinese mandarins, as they were called, ensured the survival of powerful empires over the centuries. Some historians maintain that the decline in the fortunes of some Chinese dynasties was directly related to the decline of their bureaucracies. Today, all successful nations have large, effective and professional bureaucracies to manage most aspects of governance, civic services and economic well-being.
The concrete steps outlined in the 100 Steps programme seek to address the problems arising in the unregulated development and growth of the bureaucracy in Kazakhstan. The idea of merit and professionalism as the basis for recruitment and promotion is the most significant area of executive reform; the creation of a code of conduct, rules and procedures are necessary conditions.
The dispensation of justice is one of the most fundamental duties of the state. No society can progress if it does not have a corruption-free, independent and erudite system of dispute resolution. The steps to create a professional judiciary, a modern justice system, police transparency and mechanisms for the arbitration of disputes involving foreigners are some of the highlights of the steps related to the judiciary. If successfully implemented, these reforms would greatly help ordinary Kazakh citizens. The international community, too, would be assured regarding Kazakhstan's judicial independence and fairness.
Industrialisation and Economic Growth
The steps go into great detail in which the Kazakh economy could be boosted through industrialisation and general economic development. The stress is clearly on economic development, as this is correctly seen as being the basis for national well-being. The steps outlined promise to take Kazakhstan plans further to develop specific industrial clusters, create a fair and transparent tax system, develop entrepreneurship and make the country an important node in the Eurasian economic system.
Identity and Unity
The reform programme considers the development of a national identity and unity as crucial for Kazakhstan's future. This is a critical concept and the key to a stable, viable state. One key concept is that of "Mangilik El," or Eternal Nation. This theme is to be elaborated and projected through various means. The media, too, is to be enlisted in the task of strengthening national unity and identity.
Accountable State
Perhaps one of the most significant features of the 100 Steps is its stress on accountability of the state or government. The spirit of national pride and a sense of well-being cannot thrive in a situation where the state is conceived of being anti-people, opaque, corrupt and oppressive. The new steps seek to address these problems by encouraging transparency in government, minimal governance, citizens' empowerment and the introduction of an open government.
Commendable Features
The best part of Nazarbayev's 100 Steps programme is the systematic manner in which it has been conceived and is likely to be implemented. The programme has clearly been well and meticulously thought out. The inclusion of foreign experts and global experience in drawing up this plan is suggestive of great wisdom. Likewise is the decision to involve the parliament and the nation's elected representatives in implementing this grand design. Presidential oversight coupled with grassroots participation is the best way to successfully implement a project of such dimensions and national significance.
Some Omissions
The development of national pride sentiments is a must for long-term viability of the nation state. While a number of steps have been outlined in the policy document, there is no mention of the development of a body of national literature and the arts, both of which are intrinsic to nation building. Great poets, novelists, thinkers and artists are the ones who create true national pride feelings and values that transcend those decreed by governments and political leaders. A nation learns, remembers and sustains its sense of one-ness through poems, songs, stories, philosophical writings, paintings and so on. It would be a great mistake to omit the development of intellectuals and artists in the nation-building process. It would be relevant to recall the works and impact of poets in the development of national sentiments in the great European, American and Asian powers of today.
The hallmark of a great leader is his foresight and ability to create conditions for the nation's future prosperity, stability and growth. Short-sightedness in leadership assumes that the future will look after itself and that the leaders of tomorrow will learn by the example of the past. But this rarely happens; the lessons of today are seldom remembered. The glory and example of great leaders invariably fade, but strong institutions left behind by wise leaders endure and ensure the success of future generations. In Kazakhstan, we are witnessing the beginnings of a historic endeavour to create lasting institutions of state. If they succeed, the nation will have been placed on solid foundations for a long time to come.
The author is a national security analyst and a freelance journalist working in Greater Noida / New Delhi, India.


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N.H. REVOKES BINGO LICENSE
Alan Schmadtke, Sentinel Staff WriterTHE ORLANDO SENTINEL
The New Hampshire Sweepstakes Commission on Thursday revoked for one year the license held under the federal tax identification number of the Amateur Athletic Union. A one-year suspension is the strongest sanction the three-person panel can issue.
"This is the most serious thing that could have happened," Sweepstakes Commission Executive Director Rick Wisler said.
The move was expected. In fact, Bobby Dodd, president and CEO of the Orlando-based AAU, said he did not plan to apply to get the group's license back after it was suspended indefinitely in April. In a letter to the commission earlier this year, Dodd said the AAU was not involved in bingo or affiliated with games run by Michael Sweeney, former president of the New England AAU.
However, last week AAU financial director Amy Racicot, group attorney Byron Southern and an AAU independent auditor asked New Hampshire sweepstakes officials what it took to get its bingo license reinstated. Dodd said it was nothing more than a fact-finding call and the group did not plan to ask for reinstatement.
New England AAU and Sweeney had been running the AAU-US/Hudson bingo/Lucky 7 operation under the national AAU's tax ID with its parent group's knowledge.
It was under that license that $12,307,941 was earned in bingo revenues from 1996-2001. The national AAU has not filed its tax return for 2001, but it did not report to the Internal Revenue Service any of the $9,904,916 in revenues earned the previous four years, tax records show.
In addition, $7,072,258 of the $12.3 million went unreported to the charitable trust unit of the New Hampshire Attorney General's office.
The earlier suspension came in the wake of federal indictments against Sweeney. On Tuesday, Sweeney plead guilty to one count of bank fraud in a case that involved two bank accounts related to New England AAU's two bingo operations.
New England AAU is one of 56 regional affiliates of the AAU, a youth sports group of 500,000 athletes, coaches and volunteers. Its headquarters are at Walt Disney World.
Meeting in Concord, N.H., commissioners took about five minutes to discuss and vote unanimously to revoke the AAU-US/Hudson license.
Recently appointed New England AAU President Ed Skovran submitted a packet of documents to the commission to regain the license. Among the documents was a request for a new tax ID for the AAU-US/Hudson bingo.
Not included, however, was information the commission said it needed to lift its earlier suspension, including a letter of authorization from the national AAU.
Wisler said Skovran attended the meeting but was late for both the discussion and the vote. Skovran, who lives in Kingston, R.I., could not be reached for comment.
Thursday's sanction is rare but not ground-breaking, Wisler said. The commission delivered a one-year suspension to an Elks Club after it had been found guilty of permitted illegal gaming at a bingo hall.
But for the New England AAU, the revocation might not be the worst news. Wisler said that after reviewing letters from Dodd and conversations with national AAU officials, he now questions whether New England AAU is authorized to hold a bingo license.
"That's a question I'm going to ask," Wisler said. "Does the AAU authorize its affiliates to run bingo? I'll probably write a letter [to Dodd] next week."
Dodd told the Orlando Sentinel the AAU's executive committee approved bingo as a fund-raiser in the mid-1990s. He declined to make the minutes of that approval available to the paper.
Some current and former members of the executive committee don't remember voting on the issue. One, Ron Crawford, the AAU's national treasurer, said he isn't sure any affiliate needs the national AAU's approval for any fund-raising endeavor so long as it abides by all city, county and state laws.
In February, the AAU executive committee decided affiliates who want to run bingo must gain approval from Dodd or the executive committee.
"I think we need to clarify the issue," Wisler said.


Ten-year-old Perry Owens' summer plans of lounging around and reading comic books quickly change when he decrypts what he believes is a message from his favorite Uncle Zeke. Are evil newts sporting sleek trench coats holding him hostage on Bunny Island? Perry springs into action with a suitcase full of junk food to find out. What he discovers on that island turns out to be fluffier, cuter, and even more conniving.


DES MOINES, Iowa – The Animal Rescue League of Iowa (ARL) has received a new $26,348 grant from PetSmart Charities, the leading funder of animal welfare in North America. The grant has been earmarked to support the daily operations of the ARL so they can continue helping homeless pets in the Des Moines metro.
More specifically, the ARL's shelter operations grant is designed to eliminate the spread of disease of ringworm, a contagious but treatable condition that occurs more commonly with cats. The ARL is committed to continuing to treat positive ringworm cats in addition to cats that are suspected to have ringworm. The ARL will be renovating a room that is specifically set up to house and treat ringworm cats which includes weekly medicated bathing.
"Having a self-contained room where the animal care and medical staff care for and treat the cats in one room with isolated ventilation is critical for eliminating the spread of ringworm. This project will protect the healthy cats, provide an optimal housing and treatment environment for ringworm positive cats, save thousands of dollars in care, reduce stress and secondary illness and move healthy cats to adoption and to their forever home more quickly!" said Tom Colvin, ARL's Chief Executive Officer.
In the field of animal welfare, grant funding to support shelter operations and improvements can be challenging to come by. That's why PetSmart Charities created this stream of funding that supports an animal welfare organization's core sheltering operations and practices with a focus on programs that are both innovative and sustainable.
Shelter Operations is just one of PetSmart Charities' seven grant categories designed to support nonprofits that share a commitment to finding lifelong loving homes for all pets by supporting programs and thought leadership that bring people and pets closer together.
PetSmart Charities, Inc. is committed to finding lifelong, loving homes for all pets by supporting programs and thought leadership that bring people and pets together. Through its in-store adoption program in all PetSmart® stores across the U.S. and Puerto Rico, PetSmart Charities helps to find forever homes and families for more than 500,000 shelter pets each year. PetSmart Charities also provides grant funding to nonprofits aligned with its mission under four key areas of support: Preventing Pet Homelessness; Helping Shelter Pets Thrive; Supporting the Bond Between People and Pets and Providing Emergency Relief and Disaster Support. Each year, millions of generous PetSmart shoppers help pets in need by donating to PetSmart Charities using the PIN pads at checkout registers inside PetSmart stores. In turn, PetSmart Charities efficiently uses more than 90 cents of every dollar donated to fulfill its role as the leading funder of animal welfare in North America, granting almost $340 million since its inception in 1994. Independent from PetSmart Inc., PetSmart Charities is a 501(c)(3) organization that has received the Four-Star Rating from Charity Navigator, a third-party organization that reports on the effectiveness, accountability and transparency of nonprofits, for the past 15 years in a row – placing it among the top one percent of charities rated by this organization. To learn more visit petsmartcharities.org.


the amount of carbon dioxide going into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels and the climate change and sea level rise that has resulted.
I don't think the so-called "organized opposition" is against resource development in principle. We all like our cell phones and laptops and the Internet. It takes resources obtained from mining to get many of the components for this technology.
However, it is perfectly reasonable to expect extraction companies to be responsible and respectful and take a "do no harm" approach to extraction.
For example, there is a difference between "blood diamonds" and a "Certified Canadian Diamond".
Diamonds are supposed to be symbols of love, commitment, and joyful new beginnings. But for many people in diamond-rich countries, these sparkling stones have been more a curse than a blessing. Too often, the world's diamond mines produce not only diamonds – but also civil wars, violence, worker exploitation, environmental degradation, and unspeakable human suffering.
Not long ago, the public started to become aware that large numbers of diamonds are mined in violent and inhumane settings. Consumers are now demanding, with ever greater urgency, that their diamonds be untouched by bloodshed and human rights abuses.
Producers of Canadian diamonds are expected to adhere to the strictest guidelines in the world and to a strict code of conduct. All Canadian diamonds are expected to be mined, cut and polished according to the highest environmental standards, and to the principles of sustainable social and economic development in northern communities.
Around the world, 110 countries recognize the right to live in a healthy environment, but not Canada. Nevertheless, across Canada, a movement is growing. Many continue to stand for the people and the places they love. Across the country, Canadians believe in our right to a healthy environment – a right to clean air, clean water, safe food, a stable climate and a say in decisions that affect our health and well-being.
May the "organized opposition" continue to stand up and say this right should be recognized and protected. May they continue to speak their truth and bring awareness of what needs to be done so that every Canadian (and citizen of the world) can live in a healthy environment!


text:
Q: Can resistors be used to bring a heating element within range? I have a replacement 24V/60W desoldering gun I would like to modify for use on my Aoyue Int958A+ soldering station. My 968A+ has a smoke absorber which has enough suction to double as a solder vacuum. Mapping the pins is relatively straightforward.
During my measurements, however, I found the desoldering gun's heat sensor resistance was significantly lower than my soldering iron's (see table below). When I briefly heated the tip of the gun with a torch lighter, I noticed the resistance steadily climb to around 6 ohms. Could this be a thermistor instead of a thermocouple? Also, is it possible to correct the resistance range by adding a ~50 ohm resistor in series with the heat sensor?

Desoldering Gun Pinouts
PIN WIRE    PURPOSE
1   Black   Heat Sensor
2   Blue    Heat Sensor
3   Red     Heating Element
4   Red     Heating Element
5   White   Trigger switch
6   White   Trigger switch
7   CENTER  Vibration sensor (unused)

Resistance Measurements
Pins 1 & 2              1 to 2  Ω
Pins 4 & 5              1 to 2  Ω
Pin 3 & solder tip      Below 2  Ω

Soldering Iron Port Pinouts
PIN WIRE    PURPOSE
1   Blue    Heating element
2   Green   Heating element
3   Yellow  Case ground
4   Red     Heat Sensor
5   Black   Heat Sensor
6   Unused

Resistance Measurements
Pins 1 & 2              2.3 to 3.5  Ω
Pins 4 & 5              43 to 58  Ω
Pin 3 & solder tip      Below 2  Ω

A:
Could this be a thermistor instead of a thermocouple?

Could be either, thermocouples usually put out microvolts. If it's a thermocouple, you'll see the voltage vary by a small amount with temperature.

Also, is it possible to correct the resistance range by adding a ~50
  ohm resistor in series with the heat sensor?

It's possible to correct for one temperature point with a resistor, but if your adding a resistor to a thermistor, this will shift the entire curve up and will not be equivalent. This will most likely cause problems for the control circuitry, and the temperature display. Your best bet is to find an equivalent temperature sensor and swap it out.


I cut my teeth on the backroads of western Iowa, lugging around 50-pounds of gear while wearing heels. From there I spent a couple years at WINK-tv in Fort Myers, Florida and another few at WSPA-tv in Greenville, South Carolina. One of my assignments was to interview a local DJ who had lost a bunch of weight—little did I know that guy would end up being my boss and co-host on HIS Morning Crew! I'm glad Rob Dempsey took a chance on an outsider, because I've been at HIS Radio for nearly 5 years now!
Alison, tell us what's new at His Radio… news, changes, & with YOU… etc?
HIS Radio recently launched our Show After the Show, which is a Facebook-only program that's getting great response! Personally, my family is still eagerly awaiting an adoption match from Burundi, a journey we've been on for nearly 3 years now. In the meantime, we just adopted a Border Terrier named Max.
I love change and growth so I'm always working on a side project (or 5!) that fulfills my constant need for a creative outlet. I continue to work as features editor for a local women's magazine, something I've done for 12 years now. I am hosting a TV pilot for a concept show called ProDogTV. I've also been speaking at some conferences and events, and I recently gave my first TED Talk!
We stand out by our innovation and creativity. Our show is like TV for radio, with everything streamed live and uploaded across multiple formats and social networks including Apple TV, Roku and Alexa. My background in television makes me well-equipped for this type of integration.
I love that my wacky ideas are never turned down—they're not always good—but we're not afraid to try something different! The other day we had an artist hand-stamping necklaces live in the studio with people's "word for 2019." We're also kicking off "Juicing with Jim" soon, to highlight my co-host's new healthy habit while fighting cancer.
Something I heard at Momentum last year really stuck with me. I believe it was Alan Burns that said, "people want to feel God. They also want to feel good." Since my personality is generally upbeat, silly and fun, I appreciate the freedom to let that shine. As Brant Hansen says, seriousness is not a fruit of the spirit.
Sure, why not? Recent exclusive cume data shows that HIS Radio shares very little of our audience with other stations in the market. Many people who listen to HIS Radio only listen to HIS Radio. Even though I am a competitive person by nature, I can't say that I pay much attention to the competition. As Bob Goff says, we won't be distracted by comparison if we are captivated with purpose. And as the wise Lecrae once tweeted, nobody ever changed the world by worrying about people's opinions of them.
The freedom to think creatively. And mascara. Remember- everything is on video in our studio!
I think as more stations take our integrated approach using video and social media in a major way, it may come from people who have more varied media backgrounds.
Probably that it stops feeling fresh and relevant. The lack of diversity shocks me at times. Just basing on who I see in the audience at the annual Momentum Conference, I don't feel like women are well represented in leadership, which has never made a lot of sense to me considering our target market. It also seems that opportunities are often given to the same people over and over.
My heroes are storytellers—because that's what I strive to be. Steve Hartman with CBS News has always been at the top of my list. Anybody that can make me laugh and cry in the same minute is someone I want to emulate. I also love Malcom Gladwell's podcast Revisionist History for the way he journalistically crafts stories. And I must say, I love how Dave Ramsey somehow packages the same content over and over so that I keep coming back no matter how many times I've heard it.
Good interview, Allison! Congratulations on being this week's honored celebrity on His Air. God bless!


This Scrambler on BaT is my LJ's spiritual ancestor. A longer wheelbase that retains the classic 2-door Jeep look, yellow because all the best Jeeps are, and the classic Dana 300 transfer case make this a verrrrry interesting auction.
It's stupid. I definitely don't need another finicky Jeep. But so appealing, even if the yellow is a little pale for my taste.
It also highlights why calling the new Jeep truck a Scrambler would have been silly. This can scramble. The new Gladiator is much too big.