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XP Installation Problem
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From: cjw3 on 15 Feb 2005 02:21
The newly built system boots off of the CD and the XP Pro installation
begins loading the files and then when the blue (installation) screen
shows: "Setup is starting Windows" - nothing else happens; the
system just sits there. I'm stumped as this has never happened to me
Any suggestions to try?
From: Mark D. Zacharias on 15 Feb 2005 06:17
Is the hard drive confirmed functioning, that is not locking up the IDE
channel, before install? Could be the HD hasn't been detected properly.
"cjw3" <cjw3(a)yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:8r8311t4c1i805j89u60tek1elh96qbvlf(a)4ax.com...
> The newly built system boots off of the CD and the XP Pro installation
> begins loading the files and then when the blue (installation) screen
> shows: "Setup is starting Windows" - nothing else happens; the
> system just sits there. I'm stumped as this has never happened to me
> before.
> Any suggestions to try?
From: root on 15 Feb 2005 08:35
On Tue, 15 Feb 2005 07:21:54 GMT, cjw3 <cjw3(a)yahoo.com> wrote:
>The newly built system boots off of the CD and the XP Pro installation
>begins loading the files and then when the blue (installation) screen
>shows: "Setup is starting Windows" - nothing else happens; the
>system just sits there. I'm stumped as this has never happened to me
>before.
>Any suggestions to try?
Try reading this for more info on what you are getting yourself into:
Futurepower logo
Contact | About Futurepower ý
Windows XP Shows the Direction Microsoft is Going.
by Michael Jennings, Futurepower ý Computer Systems
Last updated February 16, 2003.
The latest version of this article can be found at
http://www.hevanet.com/peace/microsoft.htm.
An equivalent address is
http://www.futurepower.net/microsoft.htm.
French version: Pour une version rýcente de cet article en Franýais,
http://www.hevanet.com/peace/microsoft-fr.htm
Spanish version: Para la ýltima versiýn del artýculo en castellano,
visite http://www.hevanet.com/peace/microsoft-es.htm.
This article follows the settings of your browser.
Adjust your browser to a comfortable width for reading.
This article is frequently updated. If you have visited it before,
select View/Reload in your browser (or type Control-R),
so you read the version on the web site, and not the one stored in
your computer.
French version added December 31, 2002: Pour une version rýcente de
cet article en Franýais, visitez
http://www.hevanet.com/peace/microsoft-fr.htm.
November 15, 2002: Bruce Schneier recommends this article. Bruce
Schneier, well-known computer security analyst, said in his November
15 newsletter [counterpane.com] that this article is "A well-written
analysis of the major security/ privacy/ stability concerns of Windows
XP." Mr. Schneier wrote the books Applied Cryptography and Secrets and
Lies: Digital Security in a Networked World, and other books
[counterpane.com].
Spanish version added November 3, 2002: Para la ýltima versiýn del
artýculo en castellano, visite
http://www.hevanet.com/peace/microsoft-es.htm.
You have a right to know. You have a right to all the information
you need to make an informed choice about any product you buy.
The author wrote this article because of the need to give his
customers fundamental information about the direction Microsoft wants
to take them. Few people have the technical background to understand
fully the advantages and disadvantages of software as complex as an
operating system. Without fundamental information, it is difficult for
non-professionals to understand the advice of professionals.
The author is not anti-Microsoft in any way. There appear to be
management problems at Microsoft, but the author would like any
problems to be fixed, rather than have the entire world suffer through
Microsoft doing poorly. Because he has spent considerable time trying
to understand the problems, and because he cares deeply about fixing
the problems, the author is, in that sense, "more pro-Microsoft than
Bill Gates".
This article is support for your own investigation. Use this article
to support your own thinking and investigation. It is not intended as
direct advice. If you don't have enough technical knowledge to
evaluate the information presented here, please do not simply believe
the author of this article. To avoid misunderstanding, find someone
with technical knowledge who can help you.
If you need help evaluating the issues here, the following remarks may
be useful in choosing someone to help:
Computer professionals are sometimes not computer users. Often those
who know a lot about computers are not especially heavy users of their
own computers. They may not have encountered some of the problems that
are mentioned in this article. Often people who only use their
computers for email, web browsing, and word processing wipe their hard
disks clean and re-install everything every few months. This avoids
some of the problems.
Some of the problems mentioned below are most serious for companies
that have thousands of employees who use numerous special
The seriousness of an objection is not proportional to its intensity.
Sometimes there have been people who have complained very strongly
about something written here. When strong objections have been
evaluated, they have sometimes been found to be small in comparison to
the intensity of their expression.
There are people whose self-esteem is strongly tied to their knowledge
of computers. When they discover something that they don't know they
sometimes have a negative reaction that sounds like a serious
objection.
Consider conflict of interest. Consider whether the advice of a
technically knowledgeable person is influenced by conflict of
interest. For, example, if someone has spent many years taking
expensive courses in administering Microsoft software, he or she may
be very reluctant to say, or see, anything negative. This is
particularly true if the person has a spouse and children and
mortgage, and no other good way of earning money.
Consider each issue separately and carefully. It's necessary to
evaluate each issue carefully. If someone raises an objection that is
discovered to be valid, that does not necessarily mean that other
issues are without merit.
Notify the author of corrections. If you find a mistake in this
article, please write the author at the address at the end so that it
can be corrected. On December 29, 2002, for example, someone mentioned
that there was a mistake in wording in a section of a former version
of this article. He also asked a question about something that was not
well documented. Corrections were made and 14 new paragraphs were
added the same day. Not all corrections and additions are made this
quickly. However, the article has been revised and extended more than
50 times since it was first published.
Hidden Connections Microsoft Windows XP connects with other
computers, or expects to be allowed through the user's network
protection firewall, in more than 16 ways. Network security is
something the computer user and the operating system supplier need to
do together, but Microsoft seems to show little sensitivity to the
user's security needs.
The issue is not that the connections are always bad for the user. The
issue is that Microsoft has moved from making operating systems that
are independent to making operating systems that try to connect to
Microsoft's own computers, and are somewhat dependent on new ways of
having access through the software firewall. Windows XP is the first
Microsoft operating system to challenge whether the user can have
control over his or her own computer.
Windows 98 does not connect to Microsoft's computers. Microsoft
Windows 98 connects to Microsoft's computers only by user request.
Windows XP connects with Microsoft's computers and expects to be
allowed through the user's firewall in many new ways. Each user has
a responsibility to control what goes in and out of his or her
computer. Microsoft's new networking arrangements make this difficult.
Here is a (probably incomplete) list of ways Windows XP tries to
connect each user's computer to Microsoft's computers, or expects to
be allowed through the user's software firewall:
1. Application Layer Gateway Service (Requires server rights.
"Server rights" means that this Microsoft software inside your
computer can set up an arrangement that allows other computers to
control it.)
2. Fax Service
3. File Signature Verification
4. Generic Host Process for Win32 Services (Requires server
rights.)
5. Microsoft Direct Play Voice Test
6. Microsoft Help and Support Center (If you don't stop it, using
"Help and Support" notifies Microsoft of the subject of your search.)
7. Microsoft Help Center Hosting Server (Wants server rights.)
8. Microsoft Management Console
9. Microsoft Media Player (Tells Microsoft the music and videos you
like. See the February 20, 2002 Security Focus article Why is
Microsoft watching us watch DVD movies? [securityfocus.com].)
10. Microsoft Network Availability Test
11. Microsoft Volume Shadow Copy Service
12. Microsoft Windows Media Configuration Utility (Setup_wm.exe,
sometimes runs when you use Windows Media Player.)
13. MS DTC Console program
14. Run DLL as an app (There is no indication about which DLL or
which function in the DLL.)
15. Services and Controller app
16. Time Service, sets the time on your computer from Microsoft's
computer. (This can be changed to get the time from another time
server.)
The new connections create three major issues for users:
1) The new Microsoft policy creates security concerns:
a) The new policy creates enormous difficulty in making the user's
computer secure. How can someone write rules about connecting for use
with a firewall when Microsoft doesn't supply sufficient information
about what each service is doing? It is possible for a skilled
professional to research what each service normally does. However,
even a professional cannot know the behavior of Windows XP in all
unusual cases; the program is too complicated.
b) The new connections may have created new classes of security
vulnerabilities. Microsoft software has consistently been found to be
extremely defective. (See the section, Why so many defects?) There is
apparently very little explanation from Microsoft and no review by
security professionals outside Microsoft concerning the new methods of
connecting.
2) Microsoft has programmed Windows XP to contact other computers and
transfer information from the user's computer to the other computers:
a) If you have only three DVDs that your children watch sometimes on
your home machine that is always connected to the Internet (through a
broadband connection), you may not care that Microsoft knows when they
watch them. If you seldom use the Windows XP help facility, you may
not care that Microsoft is able to know the level of expertise of the
people who use your computer.
However, if you are using Windows XP in a large corporation or a
government, the fact that another organization believes that it can
gather data from you may be completely unacceptable.
b) Even if, with an enormous amount of effort, professionals
determined what information is sent to other computers, it cannot be
known what information is sent in unusual circumstances. As mentioned
above, there are simply too many pathways in complicated software to
check all of them.
(Contrast this with the Linux and BSD operating systems: Changes are
discussed intensively and openly before they are made. The
instructions to the computer [source code] are open for anyone to see
and criticize. Those who program open source software have no interest
in collecting information about the people they serve.)
3) By changing the way its operating systems connect, Microsoft has
created uncertainty about its intentions:
a) What is the purpose of the new policy? Where does Microsoft intend
to go with this new direction? We don't have answers.
b) Microsoft has shown it feels free to create new kinds of
connections without any review by or explanation to the computing
community. Microsoft sees the user as someone who has no rights,
apparently. Big companies that must plan their computer use years in
advance commit their companies to an operating system. With Windows XP
they cannot know what that commitment means; maybe if they accept
Microsoft's behavior now, Microsoft will do something they cannot
accept in the future, making a costly change necessary.
c) Not only does the new policy show that Microsoft believes it can
make changes to its software at any time without review, but the
company has shown that it believes it can force those changes on the
user. For example, sometimes Microsoft has used security upgrades to
change the operation of other components of its software, or to change
the licensing terms. To get a necessary security upgrade, it is
necessary to agree to whatever Microsoft has decided. Even if it could
be known that Microsoft Windows XP makes no objectionable information
available to Microsoft, and creates no new security vulnerabilities,
that could change at any time.
To generate the above list of ways that Windows XP connects, disable
Microsoft's firewall and use the Zone Labs [zonelabs.com] ZoneAlarm
firewall, which is free for personal use. The free version is located
at the link Download FREE ZoneAlarm.
(You may not want to buy a spyware removal program, as ZoneLabs
suggests. Spybot [kolla.de] is a good spyware removal program, and it
is free. Also see the Spybot mirror site [ejrs.com]. The former best
spyware remover, Ad-Aware [lavasoftusa.com], was not updated from
September 2002 to February 2003. Now there is a new version, but it
seems sensible to wait to use Ad-Aware again until the new software
has been extensively tried and reviewed.)
Also, Tiny Personal Firewall is reputed to be a good software firewall
for Microsoft Windows. A software firewall is necessary, even for
people who have a hardware firewall, and the Microsoft software
firewall that comes with Windows XP has very limited features.
When Windows XP tries to connect to another computer, ZoneAlarm will
display a dialog box asking whether that is okay. If you say no to
some of the requests, some functions of Windows XP will not work (such
as networking).
An article from Microsoft called Managing Automatic Updating and
Download Technologies in Windows XP [microsoft.com] mentions 11 ways
in which Windows XP components automatically download software from
Microsoft computers. The article says,
"Outlined below is a list of components, applications, and
technologies discussed in this whitepaper that have the ability to
automatically download and install updated software and information
from the Internet."
Note that this does not say that the 11 are the only ways that
Microsoft XP connects with Microsoft's computers. It says that the 11
are the only ones "discussed in this whitepaper".
The Microsoft article tells how to disable the hidden downloading.
However, the disabling is very time-consuming. Also, Microsoft has a
history of using defect fixes and security fixes to change the
operating system settings. This means that all the settings would need
to be checked after every defect fix or security vulnerability fix.
Windows XP will operate without a connection to the internet. Windows
XP will operate if the user uses a hardware firewall that blocks
unwanted connections. However, most users don't know how to block
connections. They are connected without being notified.
It is expensive to evaluate the present privacy and security
vulnerabilities of these connections and impossible to evaluate the
future vulnerabilities. Not everyone can afford to pay.
If the huge change in direction from Windows 98 is continued, it seems
reasonable to worry that future versions of Windows could become more
dependent on Microsoft computers than Windows XP is now. That would
fit with Microsoft's new policy of trying to convert customers to
paying every year even if there have been no upgrades.
Often there is other hidden operation, no notification, and/or
insufficient or no explanation. There are other ways that Microsoft
keeps control:
* All versions of Microsoft Office keep a number that identifies
your computer in each file you create that includes Visual Basic
macros. Office 97 keeps an identifying number even if there are no
macros. (The free and excellent Open Office [openoffice.org] does not
have this problem, even when it uses the Microsoft file formats.)
* The software that comes with some Microsoft mice has reduced
functionality until you let it connect to Microsoft computers.
The major issue in this section is that, to satisfy the legitimate
needs of users, computer software makers need to recognize a
partnership between the themselves and the users. Microsoft, however,
often devises methods without fully explaining them and changes the
operation of its software without notice.
For example, there are strange protocols. Try putting each of these
links that Microsoft calls "URLs" (Addresses are called Uniform
Resource Locators.) in the address box of Microsoft Internet Explorer
running on Windows XP. To do this test, it is necessary to take the
spaces out of each of the lines shown. The spaces were inserted
because unbroken lines prevent re-sizing the browser width.
1. MS-ITS:C:\WINDOWS\Help\ tcpip.chm::/sag_TCPIP_pro_Ping.htm
(Remember to delete the spaces if you test this line.)
"MS-ITS:" is a Microsoft help protocol. To see other examples,
right-click on a link in the Windows XP Help and Support Center.
Choose Properties. Note that in the screen image of a sample
Properties window, Windows XP says that "MS-ITS:" is an "Unknown
Protocol". It is not unknown, it is documented in an untitled
Microsoft article with the heading To link from a contents or index
entry to a topic in another compiled help file [microsoft.com]. The
article says that "MS-ITS:" is a new version of the "mk:@MSITStore:"
Note also that what Microsoft calls the "Address - URL" is not
all shown. It is necessary to select the URL and scroll down to see
the last part. The window size chosen by whoever programmed it is not
large enough to display the average address.
2. mk:@MSITStore:C:\WINDOWS\ Help\whatnew.chm::/
idh_whatnew_tuneupwiz.htm
The "mk:@MSITStore:" help protocol is the version that existed
before "MS-ITS:", the above article says.
3. ms-help://MS.VSCC/MS.MSDNVS/ vbcon/html/vbconMigrating
VI60ApplicationsToVS70.htm
The "ms-help://" protocol is a help protocol associated with
Microsoft Developer Network.
4. hcp://system/sysinfo/ sysInfoLaunch.htm
For explanation of the "hcp://" protocol, see the May 23, 2000
Microsoft article, An Overview of PCHealth and Windows Millennium
[microsoft.com]. The article discusses "HCP automation objects" which
it says allow help content to "be located anywhere, including the
local machine, the intranet, and the Internet." But the HTTP protocol
allows this; why a new protocol?
These four help message protocols allow help information to be linked
to other help information. But standard web pages do this using a
world standard protocol, "HTTP://", the HyperText Transport Protocol,
with HTML coding. Why invent four new protocols when an excellent one
was already available?
Of course, all of the new protocols can be used only in Microsoft's
browser, Internet Explorer. This tends to lock programmers and users
to Microsoft Windows.
Consider the problem this creates for a computer professional. Someone
concerned with computer security may wonder about the limits of these
protocols. What is the definitive list of all the ways Microsoft uses
them? In 2002, 71 security vulnerabilities were found in Internet
Explorer. Are there bugs in the help protocols? Also, for example,
firewalls cannot provide protection if a protocol tunnels through
using the universally allowed HTTP protocol.
The protocols are implemented in a quirky way. They are sloppily
documented. There are no world standards. If you send someone a URL in
one of the Microsoft-invented protocols by email, you have to remember
to tell him or her to use Internet Explorer, or he or she will only
get an error message. It is difficult or impossible to learn why
Microsoft invented four new protocols, and ignored the world standard.
Whoever is served by having four new protocols, it does not seem to be
the customer.
This example of the help protocols is only a very small one to
illustrate an overall point. There are many, many quirky
implementations like this. Each one, considered separately, might be
accepted. When there are many it is a considerable burden for both
professionals and users.
It is important to understand the nature of what is written in this
section. Many people use software that only runs under a Windows
operating system; for those people, Microsoft has a monopoly in
operating systems. There is nothing in this section that would cause
such a person to give up necessary software. The point is that the
manner in which Microsoft manages its business creates difficulties.
Microsoft has many initiatives and purposes that are not what its
customers would choose.
Why so many defects? The fact that Windows XP makes your computer
dependent on Microsoft computers is bad not only because you lose
control over your computer, but because Microsoft produces defective
software and doesn't patch defects quickly.
For example, on December 9, 2002, there were 19 security
vulnerabilities [pivx.com] in Microsoft's internet browser, Microsoft
Internet Explorer. Some of these defects allow a malicious web site
designer to "execute arbitrary commands, read local files, and do
anything the user can ... do to his machine". These defects allowed an
attacker to take control even if the user had a perfect software
firewall and a perfect hardware firewall. The attack could use the
HTTP protocol which all firewalls allow. This extreme exposure existed
for years.
Here is the recent record. The list of defects has been similar for
years. Also, this is a record only of security defects, not all
* June 18, 2002: 18 vulnerabilities
* August 8, 2002: 22 vulnerabilities
* September 9, 2002: 19 vulnerabilities
* November 19, 2002: 32 vulnerabilities
* December 9, 2002: 19 vulnerabilities. (Microsoft fixed 15 on
Nov. 20, but two new ones were found.)
This is a terrible record for a company that has $50 billion
[biz.yahoo.com] in the bank. ("Total Current Assets") Obviously, with
that kind of money, Microsoft could fix the defects if it wanted to
fix them. Since the defects are very public and Microsoft has the
money, it seems reasonable to suppose that top management at Microsoft
has deliberately decided that some defects should remain.
The defects in Internet Explorer are examples in only one program. All
of Microsoft's software seems to be of comparable quality. See, for
example, the Microsoft Crash Gallery.
The security vulnerabilities are often very public. For one of many
examples, see the December 21, 2001 Associated Press article published
by USA Today, XP flaw due to 'buffer overflow' [usatoday.com].
There are a variety of plausible reasons why Microsoft would allow so
many defects in its software. Since Microsoft has a virtual monopoly,
it is enormously profitable to sell users sloppily written software,
and then later sell them upgrades to that software.
It also seems possible that there is a connection between the huge
number of defects and the U.S. government's friendly treatment of
Microsoft's law-breaking [usdoj.gov]. The U.S. government's CIA and
FBI and NSA departments spy on the entire world, and unpatched
vulnerabilities in Microsoft software help spies.
Another theory is that the quality of management at Microsoft is so
poor that the company simply cannot motivate its programmers to do
better. One of the causes of security vulnerabilities is called
"unchecked buffer", in which a program takes input, but does not check
the input before it is used. A search using the Google search engine
for web pages at Microsoft sites exclusively about "unchecked buffer"
shows hundreds of entries. This and other indicators suggest that
Microsoft may have for years allowed its programmers to submit sloppy
programming, and now problems are difficult to find and fix.
Solve security problems: Don't let Microsoft connect. There is a
solution to problems with network security of Microsoft software that
involves using two computers for each user. Use an old computer to
connect to the Internet; it does not matter if it is slow. Run the
Linux operating system and the Mozilla browser and email client on the
old computer.
Use a new computer for all other tasks. Use a KVM switch to connect
one Keyboard, Video monitor, and Mouse to both computers. Run both
computers simultaneously. Remove the TCP/IP protocol software from the
new computer running the new Microsoft operating system, so that it
cannot possibly connect to the Internet. For file sharing, network the
computers together using a protocol like NETBEUI or IPX, or other
means. IOGear makes KVM switches that have no video degradation at
high resolution.
Technical Support is sometimes not available from Microsoft. When
there is an extremely technical problem with a Microsoft product, it
is often difficult to get help. A common problem with technical
support staff in general, not just with Microsoft technical support,
is that they tend to work for themselves, not for the customer.
Technical support people have greater job security if they give less
help. If they are very efficient in reducing problems, it is likely
that the company will reduce its staff. Also, there is an enormous
conflict of interest: Companies pay their technical support staff less
than $20 per hour, and they usually charge an average of $120 per hour
or more to provide help. Having software defects is extremely
profitable.
A friend of the author was the chief computer support person for a
company with an annual gross income of $300 million. The company had
purchased the most expensive technical support available from
Microsoft, but Microsoft was unable to fix a problem in their SQL
Server product for many months. SQL Server would become unusable and
only re-booting the server would cure the problem. (This was several
years ago. The problem has since been cured.)
Two programmers wrote a humorous article about difficulty getting help
from Microsoft that compares Microsoft Technical Support to Psychic
Friends Network. (Psychic Friends Network is a company in the U.S.
that, in the author's opinion, takes advantage of poorly educated
people who believe that a stranger can fix their personal problems by
talking on the telephone.) The 1998 article, Microsoft Technical
Support vs. The Psychic Friends Network [bmug.org (Dec. 29, 2002:
Server down?)] or Microsoft Technical Support vs. The Psychic Friends
Network [netscrap.com], says:
"In terms of technical expertise, we found that a Microsoft technician
using Knowledge Base was about as helpful as a Psychic Friends reader
using Tarot Cards. All in all, however, the Psychic Friends Network
proved to be a much friendlier organization than Microsoft Technical
Support."
That article is linked here because it reflects the author's extensive
experience, too. The author has sold Microsoft products as part of
complete business computer systems since 1983.
The author once reported several serious problems with Windows 98 to a
Microsoft technical support representative who seemed especially
knowledgeable and kind, and he just laughed. He was unable to get any
answers, and he did not have any way of contacting someone who could
get the answers. Some of the problems were never fixed. For the
others, the author got help from the technical support department of a
large computer parts distributor. Of course, these issues were much
more difficult than those from average users.
The author reported the five problems in Windows XP mentioned below
several months ago before the release of SP1 (Service Pack 1). Only
one was cured with the release of SP1. That fix was not documented.
Open source software suppliers are often fast to fix defects. On
Sunday, December 8, 2002, the author found a very minor defect in
version 1.2 of the Mozilla [mozilla.org] internet browser. Mozilla is
entirely free software and the author's favorite browser. When testing
fragments of HTML pages (not full web pages), the first line would
sometimes be displayed in an incorrect font. This was a very minor
defect, but it caused minor problems for the author because he often
tests complicated HTML fragments to check how they look.
At 9:01 AM on Sunday, the author of this article used Bugzilla
[mozilla.org], Mozilla's defect reporting web site, to report the
defect. At 9:10 AM, 9 minutes later (9 minutes on a Sunday!), the
author received an email saying that the defect had been already been
fixed in version 1.2.1 of Mozilla. The author had not yet installed
the new version because it had been reported that it only fixed one
defect that the author had not experienced.
Recall from the section above that, on December 9, 2002, Microsoft's
browser had 19 known unpatched security vulnerabilities, some of them
extremely serious. Mozilla has none. This is different than would be
expected, by a wide margin. In one case, you pay money for the product
(The Internet Explorer browser is part of Windows XP.) and the
service, and you get a poor product and poor service. In another case,
the product and service are entirely free, and both are superb. The
skepticism experienced by the average businessperson when someone
says, "The product from the big company is poor quality; the free
product is better", slows the acceptance of open source software.
Some web sites have been written to use proprietary Microsoft
features, instead of the world standards. These sites must be visited
using Internet Explorer.
Deliberately allowed to crash. Resource Meter, a Microsoft program
supplied with Windows 98, is able to predict most Windows 98 crashes.
It would have been easy to integrate this program into the Win 98
operating system and program it to prevent the running of additional
programs or to provide an error message, rather than let the OS crash.
Microsoft did not do this. See below for information about how to run
a test yourself.
Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME (all closely related to each
other) were designed in such a way that it was inevitable that they
would crash. Windows 95 was originally designed with a 64 kilobyte
limitation on some resources that would have caused it to crash sooner
than it does. Protests by knowledgeable people at that time caused
Microsoft to increase that artificial limit to 128 kilobytes. At that
time, memory was very expensive. When memory became cheaper, and it
became common that people would run more than one big program at the
same time, crashing became extremely common.
Microsoft did nothing to solve the problem. It might not have been
possible to fix the problem in an elegant way, but it was, and is,
possible to fix the problem. Therefore, it seems reasonable to say
that the crashing is deliberate Microsoft policy. The crashing is
often given as the biggest problem users have with Windows 98 SE
(Second Edition); if it were fixed with a simple patch, many people
would not buy Windows XP.
Here's a test you can do easily on a Windows 98, Windows 98 SE, or
Windows ME system. Start the program called Resource Meter by clicking
on Programs/ Accessories/ System Tools/ Resource Meter. If you copy
the icon and put it into your Startup folder, Resource Meter will
start every time you start Windows.
Resource Meter displays three quantities: System Resources, User
Resources, and GDI Resources. It is the limited User Resources and GDI
Resources that cause Windows to crash. No matter how much memory you
have in your computer, if you use close to the limit of User Resources
or GDI Resources, Microsoft Windows 95, 98, or ME will crash. For 16
bit programs, User Resources and GDI Resources are limited to 128
kilobytes each. That's 128,000 bytes (approximately, because of a
different scheme of counting memory), no matter how much memory you
have installed. For 32 bit programs, User Resources and GDI Resources
are limited to 2 Megabytes each. These limitations are known to a few
computer professionals, and are sometimes discussed in technical
forums. However, very few users know about the limitations, and most
don't know why their systems crash.
If you run Resource Meter and watch it carefully, you can, usually,
prevent crashes by closing a program whenever you get close to
crashing. This doesn't work, however, when a program makes a request
for memory that is unexpectedly large. Instead of refusing the request
and giving a message to the user, Windows will crash.
The resource design limits are especially cruel to users because they
lose their work when their systems crash. They are also cruel because
users often spend money to install more memory in their computers, not
realizing it won't make a difference.
Why would Microsoft allow deliberate limitations? Apparently because
it be the only way to get users to spend more money to upgrade later.
For most users, the only reason to buy Windows XP is because it
crashes less.
Windows XP doesn't crash, it becomes less usable. Windows XP
doesn't have the artificial GDI and User resource limitations of
Windows 95, 98, and ME. All of the installed memory is available to
the Windows XP operating system when it needs it. However Windows XP
becomes shaky when enough programs are loaded that all of the
installed memory is in use.
Windows XP, and all modern operating systems, have a feature called
virtual memory that is supposed to put programs on the hard disk that
are loaded but not being currently used. However, this feature does
not work well in Windows XP. When the memory limit is reached, a
Windows XP system takes a long time to respond and does a lot of disk
access. Sometimes the disk access, called "thrashing" because it
indicates something is not working properly, continues for 45 seconds
or 90 seconds or more after clicking on a loaded program to bring it
to the top of the desktop. The result is that Windows XP becomes less
usable and eventually must be rebooted.
In contrast, the virtual memory feature in the Linux operating system
works extremely well. There is disk access, of course, but only what
would be expected.
Microsoft seems to know about the problem. If there are more than 21
programs loaded, the programs may be presented out of order on the
taskbar. Some programs may not be displayed on the taskbar, and the
ones that aren't displayed change as you use them. This seems to be a
way of discouraging users from opening many programs at the same time,
so that they won't experience the problem with virtual memory.
Windows XP may provide no local security. Managers are being allowed
to believe that Windows XP is secure under conditions in which it
isn't secure. Since it is necessary to supply a password, the
impression is created that there is no other way of gaining access.
That is not true. Neither Windows XP nor any other operating system
provides security against an attacker who has physical access to a
computer and can start the computer with another operating system.
The administrator password can be changed. A product called
Locksmith [winternals.com] can change the administrator password on
any Windows XP, Windows 2000, or Windows NT system. This means that an
attacker can have complete control over the computer.
There is free software for changing the password, also. For example,
see the article, Offline NT Password & Registry Editor, Bootdisk
[eunet.no].
The problem here is not that Microsoft could have provided better
local security in this case. Anyone who has access to a diskette or
CD-ROM drive attached to a computer and can run a different operating
system can replace the file that contains the password. The problem is
that Microsoft allows people to think that there is more security than
actually exists.
Note that the attacker can change the administrator password, but
cannot discover the password that existed originally, because it is
made inaccessible in a manner that is completely secure. It is
possible, however, for the attacker to 1) copy the file that contains
the encrypted password, 2) change the password and gain access, and
then 3) change the password back to the original by copying the
original file back to the system. Since the password would the same as
before, an unchanged password would not be evidence that no attack
occurred.
A new copy of the operating system can be loaded. An intruder can
load a second copy of Windows XP or Windows 2000 in a different folder
from the original, using an operating system CD that can be bought at
any computer store. After starting the computer using the new copy,
the intruder is able to access, copy, and use all files that have not
been encrypted.
It is possible to use the Windows XP recovery console without a
password. A security flaw in Windows XP allows accessing the
recovery console without a password. (The recovery console is a
feature intended to allow emergency access to files by someone who
knows the password.) The article, XP passwords rendered useless
[briansbuzz.com], shows how.
You cannot know now to what contract provisions you will be held in
the future. Microsoft has changed the terms of the contract to which
users are bound by including the new contract with some security and
other defect fixes.
Recent security patches require that the user agree to a contract that
gives Microsoft administrator privileges over the user's computer
[theregus.com]. (Administrator privileges give complete control over
the computer and all data stored on it.) See also, Microsoft EULA
requests root rights - again [theregus.com]. The contract says that if
a user wants to patch his or her system against a defect that would
allow an attack over the Internet, he or she must give Microsoft legal
control over the computer.
This article explains the issue in more depth: Microsoft's Digital
Rights Management-- A Little Deeper [bsdvault.net]. It helps to think
like a lawyer when you take apart the crucial sentence. The sentence,
"These security related updates may disable your ability to copy
and/or play Secure Content and [my emphasis] use other software on
your computer" legally includes this meaning: "These updates may
disable your ability to use other software on your computer." Note
that the term "security related updates" is meaningless since some of
the updates have no relation to user security. So, the sentence
effectively means that Microsoft can control the user's computer
without notice and whenever it wants.
Since Microsoft can change the contract at any time and without
control by the user, Microsoft can bind users to contracts that it
invents in the future. This is a new development in contract law. A
user is bound to a new contract if he or she wants defect fixes and
security fixes. But this gives the user no control, since once
security flaws are widely known, every computer must have the fixes or
remain vulnerable. Users invest considerable money and time into their
computers, and cannot avoid agreeing to the new contract without
giving up their entire investment and disrupting their business and
personal activities.
Microsoft Keeps Control: Microsoft has abandoned its earlier
successful business model. Previously, Microsoft did not write its
software in such a way as to keep control after the software was sold.
This was an extremely successful way to do business. Microsoft made
hundreds of billions of dollars and became the largest software
company in the world. In recent years, however, Microsoft has invented
numerous ways of keeping control:
You must have permission from Microsoft to install software you own.
In Windows XP there is a system called Windows Product Activation
(WPA) that requires users to get permission from Microsoft when first
installing its software and every time the user's hardware changes
Note that WPA is used only on the Windows XP Home and Professional
versions. The Windows XP Corporate version is identical to the
Professional version, except that it does not use product activation.
Microsoft pretends that software dies. Microsoft has recently been
saying that its products have a limited life. For example, see
Microsoft's October 15, 2002 revisions of the June 3, 2002 articles,
Windows Desktop Product Life Cycle Support and Availability Policies
for Businesses and Windows Desktop Product Life-Cycle Guidelines for
Consumers [microsoft.com]. Microsoft calls these guidelines, but, for
customers, they are rules.
Windows 98 dies on January 16, 2005. The most widely used operating
system in the world will be declared dead on January 16, 2005,
according to a table at the bottom of the Life Cycle policy pages
mentioned above. The right-hand column says, "End of Life (effective
date after end of online self-help support)".
Microsoft often changes its policies. Note that Microsoft's policies
can and do change at any time without warning or discussion. There
have been two versions of the "life-cycle" policy in a little more
than four months. The version as this is being written (February 6,
2003) is at least the third. The articles say the policy was first
published February 2001. Microsoft is also not required to make its
policies clear; in this example, the writing is confusing.
Microsoft's customers often use software for 10 years or more.
Microsoft's artificial limits may be much shorter than the length of
time computer systems are used by customers, who often use the same
software for 10 years or more. If software is working well, customers
often feel there is no reason to buy something new.
There are, basically, two kinds of software. There is content creation
software like word processors, spreadsheets, and photo editing
software. In the last several years, this kind of software has
advanced rapidly. There may be good reason to have the latest version
of this kind of software. Then there is production software for
accounting and inventory, for example. With production software,
someone does data entry and possibly someone else runs reports. If the
reports are sufficient, there is no need to change the software, even
if it has been used for 10 years or more. Since data entry speed is
limited by typing speed, and report printing is limited by printer
speed, there is often no need for faster hardware when using
production software.
There are many reasons not to change a computer system that works
1) The new software probably has defects. There may be defects in
the new system that did not exist in the old. It is usually possible
to fix the defects, but that usually takes time. When Windows XP was
first released, the author had problems with crashing because of video
drivers, for example. There were severe problems with an Intel driver
call the Intel Application Accelerator. Many scripts written for
Windows 98 needed to be re-written. The mouse software for both
Microsoft mice and LogiTech mice did not work completely.
2) Do you want to pay for training? A new computer operating system
requires that staff be re-trained. This is more expensive than just
the cost of employee time if the staff is already very busy.
3) If it works, why change? It is wise not to change a system that
has been carefully audited and shown to work perfectly, such as an
accounting system. The security that comes from knowing that all the
problems have been found has caused very large companies to continue
to use an accounting system written in the COBOL computer language for
more than 30 years.
4) Sometimes old software won't run. Sometimes old software will not
run on a new operating system. There are many programs that run
perfectly under Windows 98 that cannot be used under Windows XP. At
the time of this writing, February 6, 2003, the latest version of MAS
90, an accounting program for companies with complicated accounting
needs, does not run reliably on Windows XP, but works fine on Windows
5) Seriously Reduced Functionality Sometimes the old software does
things the new software doesn't. Windows XP has very seriously reduced
a) Windows 98 can copy all of its own files, Windows XP cannot. The
Windows XP file system is artificially crippled; it cannot copy some
of its own system files. This makes it difficult to make functional
backups. Microsoft apparently uses this crippling as copy protection.
b) Reduced Functionality: Hard disks cannot be moved. Windows XP,
and Windows 2000, make it very difficult to move a hard drive to
another computer. Microsoft has written Windows XP so that it cannot
be easily moved to another computer. This article on Intel's web site
describes the problem: Moving a Hard Drive to a New Motherboard
[Intel.com]. The article says, "Moving a hard drive with Windows 2000
or Windows XP already installed to a new motherboard without
reinstalling the operating system is not recommended." (This is a
universal problem; Intel motherboards are only being used as an
example.) Note that the problem is not just moving a hard drive to a
new motherboard; the same problem is encountered when moving a copy of
all software on a hard drive to a new motherboard. It is thus
impossible to make functional backups. Instead, it is necessary to
re-install the operating system and all the programs, progam updates,
and security patches.
Note that the link in the intel article called "Microsoft's knowledge
base article" is a dead link. The other link, the one in the sentence,
"For additional information, please refer to these instructions from
Microsoft", is also dead. This issue is apparently not seen as
important by Intel; Intel will sell more computer hardware if hard
drive software organization cannot be moved from one computer to
another. (It is possible to find the Microsoft information, which
merely describes the difficulty of moving a hard drive installation to
another computer in more detail.)
c) In some ways, even Windows 95 is better. In some ways, Windows XP
has less functionality than even Windows 95. For example, the command
line interface (CLI, also called DOS) in Windows 95 is more responsive
to shortcut keys. Sometimes when the user presses a shortcut key in
Windows XP, the system does not respond for 20 seconds. Windows 95
responds immediately, Windows 98 is sometimes slow, but the shortcut
facility in Windows XP is unusably slow.
WPA and software death can force users to pay more. The two schemes
of WPA and artificial software death together give Microsoft a way of
preventing people from using Windows XP on a new computer, for example
when they upgrade their hardware after several years. It would work
like this: WPA prevents a customer from re-installing Windows XP on a
new machine without Microsoft's permission. Microsoft may not give
permission after declaring that that the software has died. If
Microsoft won't give permission, the user may be required to buy new
software; a customer could not move a working Windows XP system to new
Computer companies and consultants are required to disclose their
customer information. Those who supply computer services involving
Windows XP Corporate version can no longer keep the names of their
customers private. The policy of forced disclosure abandons a
tradition of business privacy that is thousands of years old.
This may be an important fact for a large company to consider;
possibly the fact that Microsoft forces disclosure will cause computer
professionals to be less enthusiastic about supporting Microsoft
products. This might become a big issue during the expected life of a
computer system. If a system works well, there is no need to replace
it. Sometimes companies keep their systems for 10 years or more.
Microsoft requires that professionals give this information about
their customers:
1. Contact Name ("Full name")
2. END USER Company Name [Microsoft's emphasis]
3. Address ("No PO Boxes please. Must be physical address.")
4. Telephone Number
5. END USER Email Address [Microsoft's emphasis]
6. Purchase Order Number
Microsoft, or even a disloyal Microsoft employee, could decide to make
use of this information, and approach a customer directly.
A government that uses proprietary software is not an independent
government. A government that wants to be independent of other
governments, or that represents itself as controlled by its own
people, can use proprietary software only if there is easy access to
the source code. (The source code is the original instructions in
which the software was written.) This is because it is possible for
someone to put instructions in proprietary software to spy on or to
sabotage government operations.
The alternative to closed source, proprietary, software is open source
software. It is difficult to believe that so many people would be so
charitable, but more than 100,000 programmers have donated their time
to produce excellent free operating systems and word processors and
many other programs. Not only is the source code and the entire
product completely free, but the more popular programs get a lot of
attention from programmers, so mistakes are found quickly.
The most popular open source, free operating systems are Linux and
BSD. Linux, provided by companies like RedHat, SuSe, and others, is
useful for desktop computers and servers. OpenBSD, FreeBSD, and
NetBSD, all closely related, are very secure and excellent for server
computers. Anyone can have as many free copies of this software as
desired. The companies who sell open source software make money by
selling technical support.
There is a strong movement away from proprietary software. However, at
present using Microsoft software is sometimes necessary because there
are many programs that users need that are not supplied in Linux or
BSD versions. Also, Linux and BSD are sometimes more difficult to
configure.
Microsoft's shared source policy is not equivalent to open source.
On January 14, 2003, Microsoft announced in a press release that it
would allow governments to look at the source code of Microsoft
products: A Matter of National Security: Microsoft Government Security
Program Provides National Governments with Access to Windows Source
Code [microsoft.com].
Microsoft's policy of allowing government programmers to see source
code is not equivalent to having open source code. A thorough review
of the more than 40 million lines of source code in Windows XP is far
more than even a government can attempt. It would be easy for someone
to hide spy instructions that could be controlled from outside. This
is not unlikely. The U.S. government's spy agencies, the CIA, NSA, and
others, have an essentially unlimited amount of money. They can and do
exploit any method of spying. The U.S. government has bombed 14
countries in 35 years. Organizations should not assume that those who
think killing is a way of solving problems will suddenly become moral
when they consider computer software.
Good programmers are not willing to sign the non-competition and
non-disclosure agreements that Microsoft requires. They fear that
would put them at risk of a Microsoft lawsuit. Even if they were found
in court not to have infringed on Microsoft's contract, the cost of
the lawsuit would be enormous. Also, they could lose their jobs over
any such dispute. It is possible that the only real effect of
Microsoft's shared source policy is to cripple an organization's best
programmers, so that they cannot work in any field in which Microsoft
has an interest.
The article Why isn't Microsoft's shared source a step forward?
[linux.org.au] discusses many of the reasons why Microsoft's policy
does not solve the problems of closed source software. One section of
the article, Question Time mentions questions that can be asked of
Microsoft representatives. The Summary suggests a way to score closed
source, open source, and shared source software based on your
organization's needs.
Open source software provides the security that anyone in the world
can see the source code, not just a few government programmers. In
practice, this means that there is a high likelihood that sneaky
elements in software will be found.
It has occasionally happened that someone has hidden sneaky software
in changes that were submitted to open source software developers. The
intensity of review of open source software is such that it seldom
happens that destructive changes are accepted, and, when it has
happened, the corruption has been quickly found.
Microsoft could allow everyone to see its source code. But most
software companies, not just Microsoft, have been unwilling to show
anyone their source code because they feel that would help someone
else make a competing product. This is not as big a problem as it
might appear at first. For example, everyone can see everything about
the Star Wars movies. That has not made Star Wars movies unprofitable.
Everyone can borrow books at the library. That has not meant that
booksellers cannot sell books. Intellectual property is not easily
copied legally even when it is completely open.
True open source would prevent Microsoft's monopoly. Microsoft
maintains its monopoly by using hidden operations in the Microsoft
Word word processor, and in Microsoft's networking, for example. If
Microsoft were to allow anyone to see its source code, the monopoly
would eventually disappear.
Cost is a small factor. Sometimes organizations with thousands of
computers have adopted Linux or another free operating system. They
have saved millions of dollars in licensing costs. Surprisingly,
however, cost is not a large factor in choosing software. If the
non-free software is slightly easier to use, the time saved can easily
be worth the purchase cost.
Microsoft keeps control. Another reason that independent
organizations cannot logically use Microsoft software is that
Microsoft has both old and new methods of keeping control of software
that it sells. It is very expensive to begin using an operating
system, and once an operating system is in use, it is difficult to
stop using it. Changes cannot be made quickly if some new undesirable
aspect is discovered, as when Microsoft changes the terms of its
licenses. Governments cannot bind themselves to unknown future
limitations and invasion of privacy and remain free.
A bill introduced to the Congress of Peru, Bill Number 1609, Free
Software in Public Administration [English translation at
pimientolinux.com], gives several reasons why government software must
be open. The reasons given in paragraphs 10, 11, and 12 of the bill
have been re-written below to make them easier to read and to avoid
problems with inaccurate translation.
A government must guarantee that the citizens have free access to
government information. To achieve this, it is necessary that the
coding of the data [file format] not be tied to a sole provider. The
use of standard and open formats guarantees this free access, making
possible the creation of compatible software [and software that does
not require paying money to get access].
A government must guarantee that public information is permanently
available. It is necessary that the use and maintenance of software
does not depend on the good will of the providers, nor on monopolistic
conditions imposed by them. Permanent availability of public
information can be guaranteed only by the availability of the source
code of the software used to access the information.
A government must guarantee national security. It is necessary to
have systems that are devoid of elements that allow remote control or
the secret transmission of information to third-parties. Therefore, it
is required to have systems whose source code is freely accessible to
the public, so that its inspection is allowed by the State, the
citizens and a great number of freelance experts in the world.
Introduction of the bill caused Microsoft to write a letter of protest
[English translation at pimientolinux.com]. The English translation of
the response to this letter [pimientolinux.com] stated the reasons for
the bill more clearly in paragraphs 5 to 8.
The letter of response to Microsoft also discusses what the Peruvian
bill does not do:
* The law does not forbid the production of proprietary software.
* The law does not forbid the sale of proprietary software.
* The law does not specify which concrete software to use. [The
word "concrete" should probably be "specific".]
* The law does not dictate the supplier from whom software will be
bought.
* The law does not limit the terms under which a software product
can be licensed.
(The punctuation was changed to agree with the standards used in this
article.)
Microsoft arranged that the U.S. ambassador to Peru tried to stop the
bill. See the July 27, 2002 Wired News article, Microsoft's Big Stick
in Peru [wired.com]. The article says,
"Congressman Edgar Villanueva, the bill's chief sponsor, said he
considers Hamilton's letter to be "overt pressure" on Peru by the
United States and Microsoft. If so, the letter would continue the
long-standing U.S. tradition of meddling in Latin American affairs,
political analysts say."
Information about the Peruvian bill is collected on a web page called
Peruvian Activism.
The government of the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Northern
Ireland, and Wales) is considering these issues, also. A policy called
Open Source Software, Use within U.K. Government issued on July 15,
2002 by the U.K. Office of Government Commerce says, (Scroll down
almost to the bottom of the page; there is no need to use the links.)
"Security of government systems is vital. Properly configured OSS can
be at least as secure as proprietary systems, and OSS is currently
subject to fewer Internet attacks. A balance needs to be struck
between the availability of security administration skills and the
advantages of many diverse systems. In some cases mainstream
proprietary products may be significantly less secure than open source
alternatives (see Gartner report Nimda Worm shows you can't always
patch fast enough dated 19/9/01 by John Pescatore)."
The article about the Nimda worm mentioned above is available at
Gartner's web site: Nimda Worm Shows You Can't Always Patch Fast
Enough [gartner.com]. The Nimda work is a vulnerability only in
Microsoft software. It has done enormous damage. About Microsoft's
product IIS, the article said,
"Thus, using Internet-exposed IIS Web servers securely has a high cost
of ownership. Enterprises using Microsoft's IIS Web server software
have to update every IIS server with every Microsoft security patch
that comes out - almost weekly."
Many other governments are considering moving away from closed source
software. One of the state governments of India, for example, is
considering a Memorandum Submitted by Members of the Free Software
Users' Group [symonds.net]. The memorandum objects to the planned
purchase by the Kerala state government of Microsoft Windows 98
software. The memorandum discusses several very serious reasons why
closed source software should not be used in the schools in Kerala
state. The memorandum says, for example, "... by confining students'
training to a particular brand of software, the government would be
giving undue preference to a particular vendor and their software thus
discriminating against vendors of other software. Thus, even by
providing software free of cost to the schools, the said company will
make immense profits, ..."
In the United States, Microsoft has considerable political power. It
has been estimated that the cost to U.S. businesses for only four
Windows-based infections, Nimda, Code Red, SirCam and Love Bug, was
about $13 billion. These infections were possible because of the
unusually poor security design of Microsoft Windows. No other
operating system has had such vulnerability.
However, the U.S. government seems to be taking little or no action to
correct the problem. One reason may be that there is an unusually
close relationship between Microsoft and top U.S. government agencies.
For example, Howard Schmidt, vice chairman of the White House's
National Critical Infrastructure Protection Board, was previously
Microsoft's chief security officer. Scott Charney, Microsoft's current
security officer, is a former federal official.
Microsoft is one of the computer industry's top contributors of
political money, according to the Top Contributors spreadsheet of the
Center for Responsive Politics [opensecrets.org]. Microsoft
contributed $2,997,854 to political campaigns for the 2002 elections.
There are people in the U.S. government who heavily favor the
un-enlightened interests of U.S. businesses. For example, see the
Computer & Communications Industry Association's [ccianet.org] July
24, 2002 news release, CCIA Opposes Hollywood Vigilante Legislation
[ccianet.org], which discusses a bill sponsored by Congressman Howard
Berman of California. The bill would allow big companies to intrude
upon or destroy web sites if they think the sites are infringing their
copyrights. Will Rodger of the CCIA has been quoted as saying,
"The larger question, which the [U.S.] government seems to be
ignoring, is, why aren't we looking at the problems caused by a
monoculture, a single operating system which serves as a single point
of failure on the Internet? If there are 60,000 Windows viruses, fewer
than 100 Mac viruses, and maybe a dozen Unix viruses, why aren't the
problems with Windows an issue?"
Senator John McCain [senate.gov] and many others say that the U.S.
government has been corrupted by money disguised as campaign
contributions. (Those who live outside the U.S. may need to be told
that Senator McCain is a Republican, the same political party as
President Bush.) A December 6, 2002 CNN article Documents: Donors
promised political access [cnn.com] mentions another method of
corruption. The article says,
'When Microsoft Corp., a $100,000-plus donor to Republicans, planned
to attend the party's major fund-raising gala in 2000, it asked to be
seated next to "Sen. (Paul) Coverdell or leadership, Commerce
Committee or Judiciary Committee," according to a GOP memo. At the
time, the company was battling a major antitrust case that threatened
to break the company into two. The memo added Microsoft did not want
to sit with Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah, a major critic.'
Support for Microsoft products may be affected by ongoing legal
vulnerabilities. The antitrust case against Microsoft is now 12
years old. See the timeline [washingtonpost.com] by the Washington
Post. ABC News also indexes information about the cases; see Microsoft
vs. DOJ: An Index to Microsoft Trial Coverage [abcnews.go.com]. A
group called ProComp [procompetition.org] publishes a text-only
timeline it calls Timeline of Events Surrounding Microsoft Antitrust
Case [procompetition.org]. ProComp is an "umbrella organization for
companies and groups supporting the Department of Justice's action
against Microsoft".
In summary, Microsoft was found by the courts to have broken the law.
The case has resulted in considerable bad feeling toward Microsoft.
Companies may want to evaluate the possible future problems in
partnering with, and being dependent on, a company that has broken the
For more information about the Microsoft anti-trust case, see the
November 5, 1999 U.S. government document Court's Findings of Fact
[usdoj.gov]. The 207 double-spaced pages of this document list abuses
for which Microsoft was found guilty. There are numerous sentences
like this one: 411. Many of the tactics that Microsoft has employed
have also harmed consumers indirectly by unjustifiably distorting
competition. A legal documents company, FindLaw, has better indexing
of this document: Microsoft Antitrust Trial Findings of Fact
[findlaw.com].
The U.S. Department of Justice maintains an index of the current case,
United States v. Microsoft Current Case [usdoj.gov].
The case was decided on November 1, 2002. Section J on page 7 of the
final decree, which begins "No provision of this Final Judgment
shall", is interpreted by most technically knowledgeable people to
mean that basically there is no penalty for Microsoft, because all of
Microsoft's abusive behavior is allowed.
For a list of all the official U.S. government documents of United
States of Ame
From: TheBeat999 on 15 Feb 2005 13:00
Do you have a SATA hard-drive? If so, press F6 when asked and install the SATA
mini-driver provided with the motherboard or SATA expansion card. Note that after
pressing F6 you have to wait for the pre-install process to complete before you can
install the mini-driver. But once the driver is in place, setup will continue as
normal. Consult your manual to ensure the correct driver is installed (motherboard
driver discs aren't exactly self-explanatory in this regard -- usually supplying an
entire range of drivers).


text:
INMATES (STAFF)
INTERVIEWS ARCHIVES
KONTACT US
OVER THE TOP ROPE
PHILM PHREAKS
PHILM PHREAKS ARCHIVES
SPOUTING OFF
TORTURE CHAMBER
TORTURE CHAMBER ARCHIVES
WORMWOOD FILES
WORMWOOD FILES ARCHIVES
TORTURE CHAMBER >
VARIOUS ARTISTS-11
"Vol. 4 (Redux)
By Dr. Abner Mality
Pretty much all of the 70's SABBATH albums with Ozzy can be considered classics, even "Never Say Die". And each of them would be ripe for a "covers" album such as this one that focuses on the iconic "Vol. 4". I'm in the camp that thinks a good cover should bring a little something different to the table instead of being a faithful copy. Here we get a bit of both…
"Wheels of Confusion" by THOU gets things off to a start. While the music is pretty faithful to the original, it's the harsh, screeching vocals in the modern extreme metal tradition that will throw a lot of people of. Most SABBATH tunes don't translate well with harsh vocals. THE OBSESSED, one of the best bands to be directly influenced by SABBATH, cover "Tomorrow's Dream" with an exact and workman-like rendition that sounds exactly the way you'd think an OBSESSED cover of SABBATH would sound. HIGH REEPER definitely switches things up with an electrified stoner rock take on "Changes" that turns it into a hard grooving riff-fest instead of the somber piano ballad we're used to.
HIGH ON FIRE frontman MATT PIKE's contribution of "FX" pretty much consists of him diddling around with snippets of SABBATH songs, noisy guitar experimentation and improvised drum. Nothing much to it, just like the original. The red hot SPIRIT ADRIFT provide their faithful cover of "Supernaut". It would take a really shitty band to screw up the infectious riff to this all-time classic and SPIRIT ADRIFT is not that band.
Things really start to get interesting from this point on as the bands start to experiment more. GREEN LUNG's take on the legendary "Snowblind" is super-interesting as they throw thick layers of organ and keys on the massive superstructure of the tune. It is still recognizable, but they are putting their own stamp on it. The same is true for experimental grindcore band WHORES version of "Cornucopia", which is by far the heaviest track here. This really grinds in an angular and monolithic way that is harsh yet grooving. A great example of a band modernizing a classic track. At the opposite end of the sonic spectrum, TONY REED turns the beautiful instrumental "Laguna Sunrise" into a lush, cinematic soundscape that sounds like it comes from another time and place.
The every-busy HAUNT take a crack at "St. Vitus' Dance" and turn it into a strange, almost speed metal tune with a lot of twin guitar harmony and very Ozzy-like vocals. Can't say I like it as much as the original. The album fittingly ends with a massive take on "Under The Sun" from ZAKK SABBATH, with guitar hero Zakk Wilde doing a very heavy and faithful cover of this crushing riff-fest. ZAKK takes a lot of flack, some of it deserved, but I enjoyed this cover.
The best SABBATH cover compilation remains "Nativity In Black" from the early 90's, but this take on "Vol. 4" is certainly worth a look from open-minded SABBATH fans.
MAGNETIC EYE RECORDS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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I am not the biggest fan of bacon but my mouth was watering when I came across this recipe. I made it for a dinner party and people were literally licking the inside of the bowl to get the last few morsels. It was THAT good! I kind of forgot to take pictures until the last second so they aren't great but listen to me friends...go out and make this recipe ASAP!
3. In a medium size bowl, mix mayo, onions, both cheeses, and bacon and pour into the center of the bread bowl.
It's breakfast lunch and dinner all in one I say. I have to make two at my house. Hubs can eat one by himself.


text:
Melania Trump cancels rally appearance due to 'lingering cough'
First lady said last week she had recovered from coronavirus
She was to travel with the president to Erie, Pennsylvania
US politics – live coverage
Donald Trump and the first lady, Melania Trump, upon arrival at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport in Cleveland, Ohio, on 29 September. Photograph: Mandel Ngan/AFP/Getty Images
Martin Pengelly in New York
@MartinPengelly
Tue 20 Oct 2020 14.21 EDT
Last modified on Tue 15 Dec 2020 09.29 EST
Melania Trump withdrew from a scheduled return to the campaign trail on Tuesday, two weeks out from election day, due to a "lingering cough".
Trump urges Barr to assign prosecutor to investigate Joe and Hunter Biden
Like her husband, Donald Trump, and her son, Barron, the first lady recently contracted the coronavirus and entered treatment and isolation. She said last week she had recovered and she had been due to travel with her husband to Erie, Pennsylvania, for an evening election rally.
But a spokeswoman, Stephanie Grisham, said: "Mrs Trump continues to feel better every day following her recovery from Covid-19, but with a lingering cough, and out of an abundance of caution, she will not be traveling today."
Trump and his administration have been widely accused of failing to show proper caution in staging public events during the coronavirus pandemic.
Trump rallies do not feature enforced mitigation measures, including mask-wearing and social distancing. The president, first lady and other senior figures fell ill after attending a White House introduction for supreme court nominee Amy Coney Barrett on 26 September, which has been labelled a "super-spreader" event.
In her statement announcing her recovery, Melania Trump said she "was very fortunate as my diagnosis came with minimal symptoms, though they hit me all at once and it seemed to be a rollercoaster of symptoms in the days after. I experienced body aches, a cough and headaches, and felt extremely tired most of the time."
In contrast to her husband, who received treatment not available to the general public, she did not spend time in hospital and said she "chose to go a more natural route in terms of medicine, opting more for vitamins and healthy food".
More than 8.2m cases of the coronavirus have been recorded in the US and nearly 220,000 people have died. Case numbers are rising nationwide, with record daily increases in a number of states that will be key to deciding the presidential election, which is just two weeks away.
On Tuesday a New York Times analysis of polling averages put Trump behind his challenger, Joe Biden, in every swing state in which he beat Hillary Clinton in 2016, Pennsylvania among them.
Trump trashed Fauci's baseball ability. But could he play the game himself?
Majorities in multiple polls have said they trust the Democratic candidate more than the Republican incumbent when it comes to handling the pandemic.
Regardless, in an interview with Fox News on Tuesday morning Trump once again criticised Dr Anthony Fauci, the infectious diseases expert who has served six presidents but whom Trump called "a disaster" the day before.
"Look, he's a nice guy," Trump said. "He has got a really bad arm and not a good baseball thrower, but he's a nice guy. The only thing I say is, he's a little bit sometimes not a team player, but he is a Democrat."
In fact records show Fauci is not registered as a Democrat or a Republican. He has repeatedly professed himself non-partisan.


text:
Japan Urges S. Korea to Prevent Recurrence of Radar Lock-On
Politics Dec 24, 2018
Seoul, Dec. 24 (Jiji Press)--A senior Japanese official on Monday expressed strong regret over a recent incident in which a South Korean destroyer directed a fire-control radar at a Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force patrol plane and urged Seoul to take measures to prevent a similar case.
Kenji Kanasugi, director-general of the Japanese Foreign Ministry's Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau, clarified the country's stance at a meeting in Seoul with Kim Yong-kil, director-general of the South Korean Foreign Ministry's Northeast Asian Affairs Bureau.
The South Korean side claimed that Tokyo argued for its position without clearly confirming facts about the incident.
Kanasugi told reporters after the meeting that the two sides confirmed their intentions to continue dialogue between their governments, including defense authorities.
The Kanasugi-Kim meeting was also joined by an official of the South Korean National Defense Ministry and a Japanese defense attache stationed in South Korea.


Lamont Coleman (May 30, 1974 – February 15, 1999), best known by his stage name Big L, was an American hip hop recording artist, born and raised in Harlem, New York City, New York. Coleman embarked on his career in rapping, with the hip hop trio, Three the Hard Way. His first notable appearance came on Lord Finesse's "Yes You May (Remix)". Coleman released his debut album, Lifestylez ov da Poor & Dangerous, in 1995 and significantly contributed to the underground hip hop scene. In 1998, he founded Flamboyant Entertainment, his own indie label, through which he released one of his most popular singles, "Ebonics" (1998).
On February 15, 1999, Coleman was killed by an unknown assailant in a drive-by shooting in his native Harlem. His second studio album, The Big Picture, was put together by Coleman's manager, Rich King, and released posthumously the following year. It was eventually certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
Three posthumous albums have been released, mainly consisting of unreleased songs which were put together by Rich King and his brother, Donald. Multiple tributes have been given to Coleman, including in The Source, MTV, and HipHop DX. A documentary is in the works titled Street Struck: The Big L Story (2016). About.com called him the twenty-third best MC of all time, and multiple writers at Allmusic have given him high praise.


text:
Retirement of Professor John Rust
Submitted by Administrator on Sun, 31/03/2019 - 00:00
Professor John Rust will today retire from his post as Director of the University of Cambridge Psychometrics Centre after nearly 30 years at the helm of one of the world's leading research institutions for the study of psychological assessment.
Throughout his career, John has been at the forefront of developments in both pure and applied psychometrics, and a leading figure in the development of ethical and professional standards in his role as a Fellow of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and the Royal Statistical Society. Through his popular BPS Certificates of Occupational Test Use courses (which John will continue to teach in Cambridge) and the Centre's international network of academics and practitioners, his leadership and passion for science will undoubtedly have a lasting impact on the field.
The Centre will continue its diverse activities under the leadership of Dr David Stillwell and Vesselin Popov, as Academic and Executive Directors, respectively. Their joint expertise will ensure continuity of mission and help to build upon its long history of high-impact work with clients and collaborators in both the public and private sectors. The Centre will remain a strategic research network of the University, with David and Vess dividing their responsibilities between the group's academic grants and outputs (within Cambridge Judge Business School) and its more applied, development-oriented projects (within JBS Executive Education Limited). It will also continue to internationally publish tests authored by John, such as the Orpheus Business Personality Inventory and the GRIMS and GRISS assessments of personal relationships.
John founded the Psychometrics Centre in 1989 on receipt of a commission from the Psychological Corporation to carry out a standardisation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children in the UK. Since then John has standardised some of the most widely used psychometric tests in the world, including the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal, the NEO PI-R and BIP personality tests, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals and the Ravens Progressive Matrices. In that time, he has also overseen several transitions in the Centre's governance structure, maintaining at all times a cohesive and inclusive culture. From its early establishment at the University of London, the Centre has adapted its operations and functioned effectively within City University (from 2003), Cambridge Assessment (2005), the Department of Psychology at the Universitry of Cambridge (2008) and the Cambridge Judge Business School (since 2016).
By integrating the testing community and aligning the Centre's work with the Flynn effect, John was influential in the resurgence and rehabilitation of academic debate in psychometrics, which had at one time become mired in the race IQ debate. More recently, the Centre has again been thrust into the media spotlight as a result of its research showing (and warning) that digital footprints can be used to predict psychological traits, and to target persuasive content to individuals and groups. John has helped the team to navigate the local and global politics of this debate with characteristic integrity and secured the furtherance of the Centre's multidisciplinary research agenda – an agenda spanning the fields of psychology, business, computer science, philosophy, linguistics, health, education and beyond.
John's own research interests range from the assessment of special educational needs in children to the assessment of personal integrity and team effectiveness in the workplace. He has engaged actively in the ethics of AI debate and argued for the application of psychological theory to advanced computational problems. Currently, John is interested in moral development in AI and in the establishment of more robust psychological frameworks for the study of cyberspace. He believes in the emergence of a new branch of psychology fit for the digital age, one in which researchers can interrogate interactions not only between humans but between humans and bots, algorithms or other agents that exhibit unique but often covert moral and social characteristics of their own.
Finally, John's amiable and approachable style will be missed by the many hundreds of students he has taught and supervised. Professor Rust will always remain an admired friend, colleague and collaborator of everyone he has worked with at the Psychometrics Centre and across the University of Cambridge. We are grateful for his long service, his lifelong contribution to science and his inspiration of the next generation of psychometricians.
A few photos from John's retirement party


text:
Сергей Пантелеймонович Кулжинский (, Полтава — 27 сентября 1947, Кишинёв) — советский украинский агроном, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор; организатор и первый директор Носовской сельскохозяйственной опытной станции.

Биография
Учился в Полтавской гимназии и Харьковской 1-й гимназии (окончил в 1901). В 1907 году окончил агрономическое отделение Киевского политехнического института Императора Александра II, после чего преподавал в Нежинском низшем техническом училище и одновременно — естественную историю в Нежинской женской гимназии.

С 1908 года — помощник губернского земского агронома Черниговской губернии. В 1909—1910 годах — агроном Уманского уезда Киевской губернии, заведующий Роменским опытным полем Полтавской губернии, учёный секретарь Роменского сельскохозяйственного общества.

В 1911 году организовал Носовскую сельскохозяйственную опытную станцию Черниговской губернии и по 1930 год был её директором. В условиях мировой и гражданской войн сумел сохранить станцию и её коллектив; научная работа на станции не прекращалась. Изучал сельское хозяйство в научных командировках в США (1921) и Европе (Чехословакия, Германия и Польша, июль-декабрь 1922).

В 1930—1933 годах — директор Долгопрудненского опытного поля (Московская область), в 1934—1944 годах заведовал отделом агротехники во Всесоюзном институте удобрений, агротехники и агропочвоведения им К. К. Гедройца (ВИУАА). Одновременно заведовал кафедрой растениеводства в Плодоовощном институте им. И. В. Мичурина (Мичуринск, 1939—1941), был заместителем директора по научной части Кузнецкой опытной станции (Пензенская область, 1941—1942), сотрудником Сибирского НИИ зернового хозяйства (1943—1944).

С 1944 года заведовал кафедрой растениеводства Кишинёвского сельскохозяйственного института.

Умер 27 сентября 1947 года в Кишинёве, похоронен на Центральном (Армянском) кладбище.

Семья
 Дед — Кулжинский, Иван Григорьевич (1803—1884) — педагог, писатель, историк.
 Отец — Пантелеймон Иванович Кулжинский, председатель 4-го гражданского департамента Харьковской судебной палаты, тайный советник.
 Мать — Лидия Андреевна, урождённая Белявская.
 Брат — Пётр Пантелеймонович Кулжинский, председатель Южно-Русского автомобильного клуба в Харькове.
 Жена — Лидия Григорьевна,
 дочь — Ольга;
 Жена — Нина Александровна, урождённая Денисенко, сыновья:
 Сергей
 Александр.

Научная деятельность
Носовская сельскохозяйственная опытная станция издала 70 выпусков отчётов и брошюр с результатами исследований. Издательская деятельность станции была отмечена на Всесоюзной выставке присуждением диплома 1-й степени (Москва, 1923).

За образцовую организацию Носовской сельскохозяйственной опытной станции квалификационная комиссия Всесоюзной академии сельскохозяйственных наук 9 ноября 1935 г. присудила С. П. Кулжинскому учёную степень доктора сельскохозяйственных наук без защиты диссертации.

Среди его учеников — академик Ф. П. Саваренский, член-корреспондент П. А. Дмитренко, доктора сельскохозяйственных наук и профессора А. П. Редькин, Ф. П. Германов, С. И. Лебедев, И. И. Костров.

Автор более 300 научных и научно-популярных работ по вопросам земледелия, агрохимии, растениеводства и др., опубликованных в ведущих отраслевых периодических изданиях (в том числе: «Хуторянин», «Хозяйство», «Южно-русская сельскохозяйственная газета», «Селянин», «Земельник», «Сельскохозяйственное опытное дело», «Вестник сельского хозяйства», «Сам себе агроном», «Химизации социалистического земледелия»).

В 1947 году, будучи тяжело больным и прикованным к постели, С. П. Кулжинский закончил корректуру своей монографии «Зернобобовые культуры в СССР» и сдал в печать работу «Засуха в Молдавии и меры борьбы с ней». Эти работы были опубликованы уже после смерти Сергея Пантелеймоновича.

Избранные труды

Награды и признание
 Герой Труда (1922)
 Заслуженный деятель науки и техники Молдавской ССР (1946).

Память
16 декабря 2011 г. к 100-летию со дня основания Носовской станции на её здании открыта мемориальная доска С. П. Кулжинскому.

Литература
 Бойко Е. I. Сергій Пантелеймонович Кулжинський. — Київ, 1963.
 Енчиклопедия советикэ молдовеняскэ. — Т. 3. — Кишинэу. 1972.
 Кулжинский С. С. Краткая история и генеалогия рода Кулжинских. — Дубна, 2007.
 Кулжинский Сергей Пантелеймонович : Некролог // Советская агрономия. — 1948. — № 1.
 Професор Кулжинський Сергій Пантелеймонович (1880—1947) : Біобібліографічний покажчик наукових i науково-популярних праць за 1906—1948 роки. — Київ, 2011.
 Сопіга М. О. Розвиток сільськогосподарської дослідної справи на теренах України і Радянського Союзу в першій половині XX ст.: наукова, організаційна діяльність професора С. П. Кулжинського (1880—1947 рр.) : Автореф. дис. … канд. іст. наук. ― Переяслав-Хмельницький, 2012.
 Українська радянська енциклопедія. — Т. 7. — Київ, 1962.

Примечания

Ссылки

Выпускники Первой Харьковской гимназии
Заслуженные деятели науки и техники Молдавской ССР
Преподаватели Кишинёвского сельскохозяйственного института
Похороненные на Центральном (Армянском) кладбище

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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#elif LAF_MACOS
  #include "os/osx/app.h"
  #include "os/osx/menus.h"
  #include "os/osx/native_dialogs.h"
#elif LAF_OS_WITH_GTK
  #include "os/gtk/native_dialogs.h"
#else
  #include "os/native_dialogs.h"
#endif

#ifdef LAF_FREETYPE
#include "ft/lib.h"
#include "os/common/freetype_font.h"
#endif
#include "os/common/sprite_sheet_font.h"
#include "os/event_queue.h"
#include "os/menus.h"
#include "os/system.h"

#include <memory>

namespace os {

class CommonSystem : public System {
public:
  CommonSystem() { }
  ~CommonSystem() {
    // We have to clear the list of all events to clear all possible
    // living WindowRef (so all window destructors are called at this
    // point, when the os::System instance is still alive).
    //
    // TODO Maybe the event queue should be inside the System instance
    //      (so when the system is deleted, the queue is
    //      deleted). Anyway we should still clear all the events
    //      before set_instance(nullptr), and we're not sure if this
    //      is possible on macOS, as some events are queued before the
    //      System instance is even created (see
    //      EventQueue::instance() comment on laf/os/event_queue.h).
    eventQueue()->clearEvents();

    set_instance(nullptr);
  }

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  void setAppMode(AppMode appMode) override { }

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  void finishLaunching() override { }
  void activateApp() override { }

  void setTabletAPI(TabletAPI api) override {
    // Do nothing by default
  }

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    return TabletAPI::Default;
  }

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    return nullptr;
  }

  Menus* menus() override {
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  }

  NativeDialogs* nativeDialogs() override {
    if (!m_nativeDialogs) {
#if LAF_WINDOWS
      m_nativeDialogs.reset(new NativeDialogsWin);
#elif LAF_MACOS
      m_nativeDialogs.reset(new NativeDialogsOSX);
#elif LAF_OS_WITH_GTK
      m_nativeDialogs.reset(new NativeDialogsGTK);
#endif
    }
    return m_nativeDialogs.get();
  }

  EventQueue* eventQueue() override {
    return EventQueue::instance();
  }

  FontRef loadSpriteSheetFont(const char* filename, int scale) override {
    SurfaceRef sheet = loadRgbaSurface(filename);
    FontRef font = nullptr;
    if (sheet) {
      sheet->applyScale(scale);
      sheet->setImmutable();
      font = SpriteSheetFont::fromSurface(sheet);
    }
    return font;
  }

  FontRef loadTrueTypeFont(const char* filename, int height) override {
#ifdef LAF_FREETYPE
    if (!m_ft)
      m_ft.reset(new ft::Lib());
    return FontRef(load_free_type_font(*m_ft.get(), filename, height));
#else
    return nullptr;
#endif
  }

  KeyModifiers keyModifiers() override {
    return
      (KeyModifiers)
      ((isKeyPressed(kKeyLShift) ||
        isKeyPressed(kKeyRShift) ? kKeyShiftModifier: 0) |
       (isKeyPressed(kKeyLControl) ||
        isKeyPressed(kKeyRControl) ? kKeyCtrlModifier: 0) |
       (isKeyPressed(kKeyAlt) ? kKeyAltModifier: 0) |
       (isKeyPressed(kKeyAltGr) ? (kKeyCtrlModifier | kKeyAltModifier): 0) |
       (isKeyPressed(kKeyCommand) ? kKeyCmdModifier: 0) |
       (isKeyPressed(kKeySpace) ? kKeySpaceModifier: 0) |
       (isKeyPressed(kKeyLWin) ||
        isKeyPressed(kKeyRWin) ? kKeyWinModifier: 0));
  }

private:
  Ref<NativeDialogs> m_nativeDialogs;
#ifdef LAF_FREETYPE
  std::unique_ptr<ft::Lib> m_ft;
#endif
};

} // namespace os

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


As with every Zen Chic collection the newest collection, For You, can be counted on for clean lines and an urban vibe. But who knew that "bold" and "lovely"could mix so well? That is exactly what you will get with For You. It is decidedly feminine, but with its strong colors and dynamic design it is as classy and stylish as any of the other collections for which Zen Chic's German designer is known.


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text:
var mongoose = require('mongoose');

mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/test');

module.exports = mongoose.connection;


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