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Physics of CPs & LENR
LENR Vendors
& Researchers
LENR Investors
& Associations
LENR Media
History of CPs & LENR
CP Simulator
By Lutz Jaitner, last update: January 2021
With input from divers sources, e.g. company web sites, web site of the European Union, press releases
Personal contacts to ENEA via Prof. Vittorio Violante
Observes the ICCF meetings via Lowell Wood (who formerly worked with Edward Teller)
Donated $6M to Seashore Research LLC / Texas Tech University (Robert Duncan)
Breakthrough Energy
Initiative launched in 2015 by Bill Gates, John Doerr, Jeff Bezos, George Soros, Mark Zuckerberg, Hasso Plattner, Richard Branson and many other rich/influential people
Claims to invest in countries, where the governments participate in the initiative Mission Innovation
The public wording pushes for "clean energy" in the flavor of the traditional renewable energies (solar, wind, hydropower, etc.). Does not name "cold fusion" or "LENR" at its web page
Bill Gates: "Breakthroughs in energy technologies could reduce air pollution, help people escape poverty, and avoid the worst effects of climate change. We don't yet know which ones will succeed. So we need to explore lots of ideas with investments from both the government and the private sector." One would think that this includes the many attempts of LENR research.
Interestingly, the buzzword "breakthrough" appears multiple times in descriptions and presentations of the EU-funded CleanHME project. The European Commission is one of the governments, which have singed to "Mission Innovation". So it is conceivable, that the Horizon 2020 initiative has been suggested and influenced by Breakthrough Energy
Breakthrough Energy Ventures, USA and Europe
This is a group of investors working together in a fund committed to the guiding principles of Breakthrough Energy, including supporting net-zero emissions technology and ensuring affordable, reliable, and clean energy for all
The group comprises of 22 rich people, including Jeff Bezos (Amazon), Michael Bloomberg (Bloomberg LP), Richard Branson (Virgin Group), John Doerr (Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers), Bill Gates (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation), Jack Ma (Alibaba Group), Hasso Plattner (SAP SE) and others
Breakthrough Energy Ventures Europe is a €100 million pilot fund and partnership with the European Commission to help decarbonize the European economy
The investment portfolio doesn't list any LENR startups (as of 2020), but this might change in the future based on the demonstrated LENR interest of Bill Gates
Cherokee Investment Partners LLC (DRV)
Tom Darden (founder and CEO), John Mazzarino (founder and managing principle)
Cherokee formed a subsidiary called Industrial Heat LLC, originally to commercialize the E-cat of Rossi's Leonardo corporation (see Industrial Heat)
CleanHME
CleanHME stands for "Clean Hydrogen Metal Energy". It is a project funded by the European Union with € 5.5 million as part of the Horizon 2020 project.
The project web site describes an international consortium of research institutions and companies, who are engaged in developing "a new, clean, safe, compact and very efficient energy source based on Hydrogen-Metal and plasma systems, which could be a breakthrough for both private use as well as for industrial applications" (quoted from their web page)
The term "breakthrough" in this quotation could be indicative for a connection with Breakthrough Energy
The consortium is led by Prof. Dr. Konrad Czerski of University of Szczecin and the Institute for Solid-State Nuclear Physics (IFK)
The web site further states: "The new energy source could be employed both as a small mobile system or alternatively as a stand-alone heat and electricity generator. We plan to construct a new compact reactor to test the HME technology during the long-term experiments and increase its technology readiness level. A comprehensive theory of HME phenomena shall be worked out as well"
Interestingly, the terms "LENR" and "Cold Fusion" are avoided by the project
A follow-up project called "HERMES" has been started by the EU Horizon 2020 project to analyze the palladium / deuterium electrolysis including the nano-structuring of materials. The HERMES project has its own funding and consortium led by Prof. Pekka Peljo of University of Turku, Finland.
Deep River Ventures LLC, USA
Principles: Dewey Weaver (Founder and Managing Partner), Paul Morris (prolific inventor)
Intellectual properties consulting firm
DRV and Industrial Heat were jointly engaged with Leonardo Corporation / Rossi before their contract was severed in court
French Society of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (SFSNMC), France
Principal: Jacques Ruer (President)
Organizes a bi-annual LENR symposium in France
GU Ventures AB, Sweden
Business incubator of the University of Gothenburg with a portfolio of about 60 holdings and 40 exited startups (as of 2019)
Invested in Norrønt Fusion Energy AS
Industrial Heat LLC, USA
Cherokee Investment Partners LLC formed in 2012 a subsidiary called Industrial Heat LLC originally to commercialize LENR
Tom Darden (founder and CEO), Dewy Weaver (co-founder and investor relations manager), J. Vaughn
Advisors: Edmund Storms, Yeon Kim, Mel Miles, Jed Rothwell, Larry Forsley, Pamela A. Boss
In 2013 bought the rights for the E-cat LENR device from Andrea Rossi's Leonardo Corporation for $11 million plus a postponed $89 million installment targeted for the completion of the 1 MW plant test
Woodford Investment Management LLP invested around $50 million in Industrial Heat
Broke ties with Rossi and Leonardo Corporation after the one-year testing of the 1 MW E-Cat plant
Settled in court with Rossi, such that Rossi/Leonardo Corporation got back the rights on the E-Cat, but did not receive the remaining $89 million payment of the $100 million contract
It was learned from court files that Industrial Heat is making small investments in many of the current LENR researchers and startups (as of 2017 the estimated fundings were: $500k to Dennis Letts, $2M to Cooper Core Tech Inc., $1M to UniTSEM, $300k to Peter Hagelstein, $1M to Tadahiko Mizuno, $1.5M to JET Energy, $1M to Chava Energy, $500k to Lenuco, $500k to Brillouin Energy, $1M to PointSource, $500k Francesco Piantelli)
Industrial Heat also invested in Francesco Celani and Mathieu Valat of the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project, as well as in Dr. Ubaldo Mastromatteo (ARGAL)
International Society for Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ISCMNS), UK
Its stated mission is to promote the understanding, development and application of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science for the benefit of the public
ISCMNS publishes the peer reviewed Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (JCMNS).
LENR Cities and LENRG, Switzerland
Initiative launched by Michel Vanderberghe and Didier Pelluet
Aims to create a networks between industry, investors, scientist
Market development for LENR
Cooperations with LENR Invest
LENRIA
Initiated by Prof. David J. Nagel and Steven B. Katinsky around 2013
LENR is an industrial association for LENR
Organized the ICCF-21
Published the "LENR Ecosystem", i.e. a list of organizations working on LENR. Unfortunately, this list was not updated since 2015.
Maintains the "CMNS / LENR / Cold Fusion Journal Rejection Database", where LENR researchers can record their experience with journals rejecting LENR articles, especially if the rejection appears to be based on negative bias ageinst the field of LENR
A stated goal of David Nagel was to build a standardized LENR reactor with a calorimeter for replication of the Fleischmann/Pons experiment in a number of established research institutes. This was ment to document the reproducibility of LENR in order to build up (repair) the reputation of LENR in institutional science.
LENR Invest, Switzerland and USA
Michael Halem (CEO), Dr. Antoine Guillemin (Senior Managing Director) and Tyler van Houwelingen (Senior Managing Director)
Tyler van Houwelingen is also the Development Director of the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project
Invested in LENR Cars, Brillouin Energy, Lenuco LLC, NicHenergy
Sponsor of E-Cat World
Investments mainly to bridge the gap between lab demonstration and industrial prototype. Also interested in development and cross promotion of compelling LENR related Intellectual Property
Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project (MFMP)
The web site of the MFMP is maintained by Bob Geenyer and Ryan Hunt
Research of the MFMP is done at the following labs: Earthtech International, Hunt Utilities Group, Mathieu Valat, Permanetix Corporation
Tyler van Houwelingen of LENR Invest claims to be the Development Director of MFMP, but this is not stated at the web site of MFMP
Committed to the principle of Live Open Science, i.e. the project is dedicated to researching LENR while sharing all procedures, data, and results openly online
Wants to overcome the hurdle of institutional bias by crowd-funding. Raised $ 45 thousand as of 2020.
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan
NEDO is a national research and development agency in Japan
NEDO started in 2015 to fund LENR research. The initial budget for one year was $27M
The joint research team of NEDO's nano-metal hydrogen energy project (NEDO-MHE) consisted of Technova, Nissan and the universities Tohoku, Kyushu, Nagoya and Kobe
In 1994, the Japanese government, through the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MITI), sponsored an earlier research program called the New Hydrogen Energy Agency. It ran for several years at a cost of several million dollars. It terminated after researchers reported lackluster results.
Carl Page
Is the brother of former Alphabet/Google CEO Larry Page
Strong supporter of the field, which he knows well
Invested in Brillouin Energy and is one of its board members
Quantum Gravity Research, USA
Quantum Gravity Research (QGR) is a non-profit research institute founded in 2009
Klee Irwin is the director of QGR. He is also the founder and owner of Irwin Naturals
Quantum Gravity Research is working on a graph-theoretic approach to quantum gravity and particle physics with the aim to discover the geometric first-principles of a unified physical theory
QGR supports the outstanding work of individuals based anywhere in the world in the fields of mathematics and physics (including LENR research) with grants
Klee Irwin is the co-author of several LENR papers presented at ICCF conferences
Sunrise Securities LLC, USA
NYC investment bank who was cited by Brillouin as their investor
Woodford Investment Management LLP, UK
In 2015 Woodford Investment Management invested in Industrial Heat around $50M after a due diligence of 2.5 years
The Woodford company was closed in 2019 after its flagship Woodford Equity Income fund had to be liquidated
The assets of the Woodford Patient Capital Trust were transfered to Schroders in 2019. These assets include a stake in Industrial Heat worth of 55 million british pounds (as of September 2019). The other stake in Industrial Heat was held by the liquidated Woodford Equity Income fund. This stake was valued 70 million british pounds at the same time according to Link Fund Solutions.


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Home » COMIC BOOKS » Image Comics brings Greek myth thrills in KILL THE MINOTAUR, in June
Image Comics brings Greek myth thrills in KILL THE MINOTAUR, in June
Posted on March 22, 2017 by StrangerWorlds Team // 0 Comments
Kill the Minotaur, a reinvention tale of the monster of Greek myth, is coming in June from Image Comics and Skybound Entertainment.
Writers for Kill the Minotaur are Chris Pasetto (Sanitarium, Air film co-writer) and Christian Cantamessa (Red Dead Redemption video game, Air co-writer and director). Lukas Ketner (WITCH DOCTOR) will do the art for the all-new series. The story follows:
"Athens lost the war to Crete. Now, they must pay tribute to King Minos by sacrificing their best citizens to his unearthly labyrinth and the terror within. Conspirators believe Theseus can be the hero they so desperately need to end the mad king's bloody reign…but no one in this world has ever encountered anything like the savage minotaur."
"Growing up in Italy, I was fascinated with mythology and its archetypal stories," said Cantamessa. "Our goal is to continue a time-honored tradition of storytelling and to offer a novel take for a modern audience."
"I'm honored that Image and Skybound have included Kill the Minotaur in their lineup," said Pasetto. "It's been amazing working with Christian to create this fresh take on a classic myth, and Lukas has done an outstanding job bringing our world and characters to life with his art."
"The story of Theseus and the Minotaur was my favorite Greek myth as a kid, and Christian Cantamessa and Chris Pasetto have really run with that classic and twisted it into something shocking and fun," said Ketner. "The series has been an absolute joy to draw, and it's an honor to have my artwork treated to Jean-Francois Beaulieu's coloring expertise."
Kill the Minotaur #1 hits comic book stores and Image digital outlets on Wednesday, June 14th, 2017

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Discussion in 'General Discussion' started by Gopal1999, Jun 17, 2016.
I was watching this Daniel Fernandez video and I saw his trick where he has the spectators thought of card in his front pocket. I want to know what the tricks name is so I can potentially purchase it.


For the month of July you can download the unabridged audio recording of Francis Chan's book, "Crazy Love: Overwhelmed by a Relentless God." If you haven't read the book, here's the perfect way to hear it for free!
I read the book a while ago and, although I disagree with some of the theology and thus some of the application, it's overall message is definitely worth hearing. It's a great reminder of how passionate God is for us and how complacent we are in responding to His love.
Visit the free download section of christianaudio.com and use the coupon code JUL2009 to download it for free.
Join us at 2:00 PM EST this afternoon in our LIVE YM Talk. My wife, Dana Schmoyer, is our featured guest. She will answer your questions about being married to a youth pastor, and together we'll answer your questions about marriage and youth ministry. See the LIVE YM Talk page for details on how to join the call and/or the live chat.


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Flea to Star in Damien Chazelle's New Film Babylon
The RHCP bassist joins a cast that already includes Brad Pitt, Margot Robbie, Katherine Waterston, Max Minghella, and more.
What Drives Us Is Dave Grohl's Sweet Love Letter to the Road: Review
Dave Grohl gets behind the wheel of an inviting but light doc about the highs and lows of rock and roll touring.
Gang of Four Tribute Album Features Flea, John Frusciante, Robert Del Naja & More
The Problem of Leisure: A Celebrtion of Gang of Andy Gill and Gang of Four arrives May 21st.
Bright Eyes Share Planned Parenthood Benefit Single "Miracle of Life" featuring Phoebe Bridgers: Stream
Red Hot Chili Peppers' Flea and Queens of the Stone Age's Jon Theodore also appear on the track.
Red Hot Chili Peppers' Flea Discovers Cannibal Corpse, Declares Them "F**king Insane"
The bassist was apparently blown away by Cannibal Corpse's 1992 album Tomb of the Mutilated.
Bright Eyes Return with New Album Down in the Weeds Where the World Once Was: Stream
The band's tenth album overall, and their first in nearly a decade.
Josh Klinghoffer Reunites with Flea on New Pluralone Single "Nowhere I Am": Stream
The song also features former Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Jack Irons.
Bright Eyes Share New Song "One and Done" Featuring Flea on Bass: Stream
Reunited outfit's latest offering also includes contributions from Queens of the Stone Age's Jon Theodore.
Flea and John Frusciante to Spin Records on DubLab Radio
The Chili Peppers members are "gonna spin some jams that got us going and impacted how we play our instruments."


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Computer use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults – a prospective cohort study
Sara Thomée1,
Annika Härenstam2 &
Mats Hagberg1
We have previously studied prospective associations between computer use and mental health symptoms in a selected young adult population. The purpose of this study was to investigate if high computer use is a prospective risk factor for developing mental health symptoms in a population-based sample of young adults.
The study group was a cohort of young adults (n = 4163), 20–24 years old, who responded to a questionnaire at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Exposure variables included time spent on computer use (CU) in general, email/chat use, computer gaming, CU without breaks, and CU at night causing lost sleep. Mental health outcomes included perceived stress, sleep disturbances, symptoms of depression, and reduced performance due to stress, depressed mood, or tiredness. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated for prospective associations between exposure variables at baseline and mental health outcomes (new cases) at 1-year follow-up for the men and women separately.
Both high and medium computer use compared to low computer use at baseline were associated with sleep disturbances in the men at follow-up. High email/chat use was negatively associated with perceived stress, but positively associated with reported sleep disturbances for the men. For the women, high email/chat use was (positively) associated with several mental health outcomes, while medium computer gaming was associated with symptoms of depression, and CU without breaks with most mental health outcomes. CU causing lost sleep was associated with mental health outcomes for both men and women.
Time spent on general computer use was prospectively associated with sleep disturbances and reduced performance for the men. For the women, using the computer without breaks was a risk factor for several mental health outcomes. Some associations were enhanced in interaction with mobile phone use. Using the computer at night and consequently losing sleep was associated with most mental health outcomes for both men and women. Further studies should focus on mechanisms relating information and communication technology (ICT) use to sleep disturbances.
The widespread use of modern information and communication technology (ICT) in work life and private life follows in the wake of rapid advances in technology and popularization of different devices and applications, implying fast changes in exposure profiles in the population over the past few decades. The issue of possible negative effects of exposure to ICT has been raised by various groups. Musculoskeletal symptoms and ergonomics in relation to computer use and different input devices have been examined [1–3], but also, mental health effects have been considered (e.g. [4]). The term techno-stress emerged more than two decades ago, to describe stress reactions in relation to computer use [5]. It was suggested that computer use can lead to psychophysiological stress reactions due to occupational strain, and that these reactions can become conditioned to the computer work environment, leading to symptoms associated with computer use [5, 6]. The term ICT stress has been used to describe stress induced by interruptions at work, time pressure, and technical problems in connection with ICT use [7].
In 2010, 91% of the Swedish population (16–74 years old) had access to the Internet at home [8]. Young adults, 20–24 years old, were the most frequent users compared to all other age groups [9]. In a previous prospective cohort study, we found associations between high use of ICT, including chatting, emailing, Internet surfing, the sum of hours spent at the computer and mobile phone per week, and the number of mobile phone calls and text messages (SMSs) per day, and reported mental health symptoms among college and university students aged 19–25 years [10]. The study was followed by a qualitative interview study with 32 high users of ICT who had reported mental health symptoms at 1-year follow-up in the cohort questionnaire [11]. Based on these young adults' own concepts and ideas, a model of possible paths for associations between ICT use and mental symptoms was proposed via consequences of high quantitative computer or mobile phone use, negative qualitative use, and user problems. Consequences of computer use included spending more time than planned at the computer (e.g., working, gaming, or chatting), leading to time pressure, neglect of other activities and personal needs (e.g., breaks, physical activity, social interaction, sleep), exposure to bad ergonomics, and mental overload. Chatting or emailing interrupted other tasks, with difficulties filtering important from unimportant messages, leading to mental overload. Getting stuck in what was perceived as unproductive activities, such as game playing, or "gaming," was another concern, and participants could also relate to having insufficient or dislocated sleep after sitting up late in front of the computer because of getting stuck in tasks, meeting deadlines, chatting, or gaming. In a study among Finnish adolescents [12], intensive computer use among the boys was a risk for poor perceived health through deteriorated sleeping habits and waking time tiredness. (For the girls, it was intensive mobile phone use that was directly associated with poor perceived health, likewise through deteriorated sleeping habits and waking time tiredness).
There has been a growing number of publications concerning ICT addiction [13]. Internet addiction has been proposed as a specific psychiatric illness [14]; however, this form of problematic Internet use could also be considered to share elements with impulse control disorders and be related to the specific activities done on the Internet (such as gambling) rather than the Internet per se [15, 16]. Internet addiction has been associated with sleep disorders and depression among adults [17] and adolescents [18]. Most studies we have found concerning problematic Internet use and mental health have a cross-sectional design, but one exception is a prospective study among Chinese adolescents 13–18 years old [19], where Internet addicts, compared to non-pathological users, had a relative risk of about 2.5 for new cases of depression (using the Zung Depression Scale).
Another focus has been computer gaming. Playing computer games is more common among men and boys than among women or girls (e.g. [12, 20, 21]). In a longitudinal study among youths, pathological gaming predicted higher levels of depression, anxiety, social phobia, and poor school performance [22]. It seemed to be a long-term exposure, as most (84%) of the youths who were pathological gamers at baseline were still pathological gamers after 2 years.
Furthermore, in our interview study [11], social isolation was a concern. A negative loop was suggested, where people who are already lonely may have a preference for using computers, which in turn could increase their tendency to lack real-life contacts, and lead to an even higher use. This is in line with the findings of Morahan-Martin and Schumacher [23]. Positive effects of computer use were also listed, such as efficiency, access to information, fun and recreation, the ease of keeping up social contacts, and access to social support [11]. We concluded that there seemed to be many factors in different domains that should be taken into consideration in epidemiological studies concerning associations between ICT use and mental symptoms.
While we have previously performed a prospective study on computer use in relation to mental health symptoms in a selected university student cohort [10], it is important to examine possible prospective associations between computer use and mental health outcomes in a more general and heterogeneous population of young adults. The present study was performed in a population-based sample of young adults. We have recently performed a study on mobile phone use and mental health outcomes in the same cohort population [24]. Frequent mobile phone use was a prospective risk factor for sleep disturbances in the men, and for symptoms of depression in the men and women.
The purpose of this study was to investigate if high computer use is a risk factor for developing mental health symptoms in a population sample of young adults. Specific aims included examining associations, if any, between time spent on computer use in general, time spent on communication (emailing or chatting) in leisure, time spent on computer gaming, using the computer without breaks, and getting stuck behind the computer screen at night and thus losing sleep, on the one hand, and perceived stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression, on the other. Furthermore, we wanted to explore perceived social support in relation to computer use. As a final goal, we aimed to examine potential interaction between computer and mobile phone use on mental health symptoms.
Study population and data collection
The study population consisted of a cohort of young adults (Figure 1), 20–24 years old (age span corresponding to the United Nations' definition of young adults [25]). A cohort of 10000 men and 10000 women, born between 1983 and 1987, were randomly selected from the general population from a registry held by theSwedish Tax Agency, 50% living in the County of Västra Götaland, and 50% in the rest of Sweden. In October 2007, a questionnaire [26] containing questions about health, work- and leisure-related exposure factors, demographic factors, and psychosocial factors was sent to the selected young adults by post. Besides returning the postal questionnaire it was also possible to complete the questionnaire online if desired. As an incentive to respond, a lottery ticket (value approx. 1 Euro) was attached to the cover letter and could be used regardless of participation in the study. Two reminders were sent by post. The response rate at baseline was 36% (n = 7125; 2778 men and 4347 women). Twelve months later, those respondents who had indicated that they would consider participating in future studies (n = 5734) were invited to respond to an identical questionnaire, this time administered via the Web. The data collection process was similar to that at baseline, with the addition of a third reminder offering a paper version of the questionnaire and two cinema tickets for participating. The response rate at follow-up was 73% (Figure 1; n = 4163; 1458 men and 2705 women). The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Review Board in Gothenburg, Sweden (Reg. no. 191–05 and 876–11).
Study population. The participation process from study population to study group.
Exposure variables
Information about computer use was collected from the cohort study questionnaire at baseline, including average time spent daily on general computer use, on emailing or chatting in leisure, and on computer gaming, as well as how often the computer was used for more than 2 hours without breaks, and how often sleep was lost because of getting stuck late at night by the computer. Also, information about mobile phone use (average number of calls and SMSs sent and received per day) was collected from the questionnaire. Response data were categorical, and were further divided into high, medium, and low categories. Exposure variables, questionnaire items, response categories, and categories used in the present study are presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Exposure variables at baseline
Mental health outcome variables
Information about perceived mental health symptoms was collected from the cohort study questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. The outcome variable current stress was constituted by a validated single-item stress indicator [27], with the responses divided into yes and no. The variable sleep disturbances was constructed for the study by including the most common sleep disturbances (difficulties falling asleep, fragmented sleep, and premature awakening) into a single item, loosely adapted from the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire [28], with responses divided into yes and no based on clinical significance (sleep problems several times per week or more). The two depressive items from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (Prime-MD) screening form [29] were included in the questionnaire. It has been proposed that if one of the two items is confirmed at screening to go forward with clinical assessment of mood disorder, a procedure that has been shown to have high sensitivity for major depression diagnosis (86% [29] and 96% [30]), but lower specificity (75% [29] and 57% [30]), in primary care populations. In the youngest age group (<35 years old) in Whooley et al. [30], the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity 59%. In our cohort study group, approximately 50% of the men and almost 65% of the women confirmed at least one of the two depressive items, which indicates that the instrument is probably very sensitive but had low specificity in our study group. Therefore, we constructed two separate outcomes: symptoms of depression (one item) and symptoms of depression (two items), the latter presumably with higher specificity. The variable reduced performance was based on reporting that stress, depressed mood, or tiredness had influenced performance "quite a lot" at work or school over the past 2 weeks. Mental health outcome variables, questionnaire items, response categories, and categories used in the present study are presented in Table 2.
Table 2 Mental health outcome variables
The variable social support was based on the item: When I have problems in my private life I have access to support and help, constructed for the study as a single item adaptation of the social support scale in the Karasek-Theorell Job Content Questionnaire [31], here relating to private life (rather than work life). Response categories were: a = applies very poorly; b = applies rather poorly; c = applies rather well; d = applies very well. The responses were categorized as low (response categories a–b), medium (response category c), and high (response category d).
Sociodemographic variables
In the multivariate analysis, potentially confounding sociodemographic factors were collected from the baseline questionnaire and adjusted for, including relationship status: single or in a relationship; highest completed educational level: elementary school (basic schooling for 6–16-year-olds), upper secondary school, or college or university studies; and occupation: working, studying, or other (other included being on long-term sick leave, or on parental or other leave, or being unemployed).
Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine associations between the different computer exposure variables, and between the exposure variables and social support. For analysis of dropout between the initial cohort baseline and 1-year follow-up, Wilcoxon's (two-sided) two-sample test was used. The Cox proportional hazard model, using SAS PROC PHREG (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA), with time set to 1, was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for multivariate analysis of prospective associations between exposure variables high, medium, and low (reference level) and mental health outcomes (yes or no). The robust variance option (COVS) was used to produce accurate CIs [32, 33].
In all prospective analyses, participants who reported symptoms at baseline were excluded from the analysis of the mental health outcome variable concerned. For example, when analyzing sleep disturbances, subjects with sleep disturbances at baseline were excluded. It is possible that the included subjects had one or more of the other mental health symptoms at baseline; however, these were not accounted for in the analysis of sleep disturbances.
Two sets of extra analyses were performed; one, including also those with symptoms at baseline, adding the baseline value of the outcome variable as a confounder, and the other, including only those who reported symptoms at baseline.
All analyses were performed separately for the men and women. The PRs were adjusted for sociodemographic factors including relationship status, educational level, and occupation. These potential confounders were chosen based on theoretical hypothesis and were added to all analyses if p ≤ 0.10 in at least some of the analyses. Age was not considered a confounder because of the limited age span of the study group. Missing values (i.e., non-responses to items in the questionnaire) were excluded from the analyses, which means that the n varied in all analyses. PRs with a 95% CI not including 1.00 (before rounding) were considered statistically significant.
Finally, some computer exposure variables were analyzed for possible interaction with mobile phone use, by using all nine possible category combinations of the two variables in the analysis. Multivariate analyses were performed to calculate PRs using the Cox procedure, as described earlier, using the "low–low" category combination as reference.
All analyses were performed using the statistical software package SAS, version 9.2 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
Exposure, mental health symptoms, and social support in study group at baseline
Almost 40% of the men and 30% of the women were categorized as having high computer use (>4 hours per day) (Table 1). The majority spent less than 1 hour per day on leisure time email/chat use, while about 20% spent 1–2 hours per day, and 10% spent more than 2 hours per day on this activity. The percentage of men who spent >1 hour on computer gaming (medium or high gaming) was more than four times that of women. Lost sleep because of late night computer use (CU causing lost sleep) was more common among men than among women (Table 1). There were moderate positive associations between the exposure variables at baseline (Spearman correlation coefficients, Table 3), with the strongest associations found between computer use (hours per day) and frequency of CU without breaks. There were little if any correlations between computer exposure variables and mobile phone use.
Table 3 Associations between exposure variables at baseline
The women reported current stress almost twice as often as the men (29% compared to 16%) at baseline. Twenty-three percent of the men and 34% of the women indicated sleep disturbances. Of the men, 27% reported one and 24% both symptoms of depression, and of the women, 30% reported one and 34% both symptoms of depression. Ten percent of the men and 20% of the women reported reduced performance due to stress, depressed mood, or tiredness. Among participants who were symptom-free at baseline (in terms of the outcome variable concerned), the prevalence of new cases at 1-year follow-up was as follows, for men and women respectively: current stress: 10% and 19%, sleep disturbances: 15% and 20%, symptoms of depression (one item): 24% and 28%, symptoms of depression (two items): 12% and 18%, and reduced performance: 7% and 14%.
Sixteen percent of the men and 13% of the women perceived low social support in private life. Forty-one percent of the men and 32% of the women reported medium, and 43% of the men and 56% of the women reported high social support.
Prospective associations between computer exposure at baseline and mental health outcomes (new cases) at 1-year follow-up
Both high and medium computer use compared to low computer use at baseline were associated with sleep disturbances at 1-year follow-up for the men, but not for the women (Table 4). For men, high computer use was also associated with reduced performance (due to stress, depressed mood, or tiredness). High email/chat use was negatively associated with perceived stress for the men, but positively associated with reported sleep disturbances. For the women, both high and medium email/chat use were (positively) associated with stress and sleep disturbances. For the women, high email/chat use was also associated with symptoms of depression (one item) (PR 1.9, 95% CI 1.46–2.52, not presented in the Table). There were no other statistically significant associations with symptoms of depression (one item).
Table 4 Prospective associations between computer exposure at baseline and mental health outcomes (new cases) at 1-year follow-up
The only clear association concerning computer gaming and mental health outcomes was for women, where medium gaming was associated with symptoms of depression (two items). Furthermore, both high and medium CU without breaks were associated with perceived stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression (two items) for the women. For the men, medium CU without breaks was associated with sleep disturbances. High (and, for women, medium) CU causing lost sleep was associated with stress and sleep disturbances for both the men and the women. Furthermore, high and medium CU causing lost sleep were associated with reduced performance among the men, while medium (but not high) CU causing lost sleep was associated with symptoms of depression (two items) and reduced performance for the women.
The extra analyses including also participants with symptoms at baseline, and adjusting for baseline health, gave results in the same direction as the results presented above. The PRs were approximately in between the PRs in Table 4 and those that resulted when including only participants with symptoms at baseline (PRs mostly around 1.0).
Interaction effects: computer and mobile phone use
Because computer use and email/chat use were risk factors for sleep disturbances among the men, as mobile phone use had been in a previous study (PR 1.8, CI 1.21–2.69) [24], we tested these two exposure variables in combination with mobile phone use, with sleep disturbances as the outcome. Furthermore, since CU without breaks was a risk factor for symptoms of depression among the women, as mobile phone use had been in the previous study (PR 1.5, CI 1.02–2.24), these were tested in combination, with symptoms of depression (two items) as the outcome.
There seemed to be an interaction between computer use and mobile phone use in relation to sleep disturbances in a near additive fashion for the men, while for the women, only the "high–high" category was a risk exposure (Table 5). Men with high email/chat use in combination with medium or high mobile phone use had an almost tripled risk for sleep disturbances at follow-up, using "low–low" users as reference (Table 5). In the same analysis, for women, only effects of the email/chat use variable could be seen. Finally, there was a tendency towards interaction between CU without breaks and mobile phone use with symptoms of depression (two items) as outcome for the women (Table 6). Caution in interpretation is necessary since in all the combined analyses, the CIs overlapped.
Table 5 Interaction between computer exposure variables and mobile phone use at baseline, and sleep disturbances (new cases) at 1-year follow-up
Table 6 Interaction between computer exposure variables and mobile phone use at baseline, and symptoms of depression: two items (new cases), at 1-year follow-up
There were no associations between social support and computer exposure variables at baseline for the men, except for a very low negative association with CU causing lost sleep (−0.10; p < 0.001). For the women, there were very low negative associations with all computer variables (between −0.06 and −0.12; p < 0.05).
Dropout analysis
The non-respondents at the initial cohort baseline were more often male (a difference of 17 percentage points) and were somewhat younger (an age difference of <0.1 years), more often married (a difference of 1.4 percentage points), and more often foreign-born (8 percentage points difference), compared to the study population invited to participate [26].
Furthermore, the dropout group (n = 2962) from the initial cohort baseline (n = 7125) to 1-year follow-up also had a higher proportion of men, resulting in almost twice as many women as men (65% vs. 35%) in the final study group (n = 4163). The participants in the study group had a slightly higher educational level and differed in occupation in that they were less often working and more often studying at baseline compared to the dropout group (differences of up to 10 percentage units). The level of computer use and CU without breaks was slightly higher in the study group, while mobile phone use was lower (differences of up to 10 percentage units). The women in the study group were less often single (34% compared to 37%) and reported a slightly higher level of social support (differences of up to 3 percentage units). With the exception of a lower prevalence of sleep disturbances among the men in the study group (23% compared to 27%) the prevalence of mental health symptoms at baseline was about the same among the dropouts and those who remained in the study.
We found prospective associations between aspects of computer use and several mental health outcomes in this population-based sample of young adults. Some of the associations were enhanced in interaction with mobile phone use. A major strength of the study is its longitudinal design, with exposure assessed among symptom-free participants prior to outcome assessment. (Extra analyses, including also participants with symptoms at baseline and adjusting for baseline health, gave results in the same direction as the presented results, although with lower PRs). However, the latency period in our study is fairly long (1 year) and we have no information about the exposure and mental health outcomes in the latency period. The mental health symptoms are common in the population and may come and go in the latency period. Hence, the time span between measurements may not be optimal for assessing possible effects of the exposure on mental health. For example, it is possible that long-term exposure is needed to develop, say, depression, or that a short-term exposure/short latency period is relevant for perceived stress.
The results were not consistent for all outcomes or for both men and women. For example, for men, hours spent on general computer use was a risk factor; by contrast, for women, it was the intensity of use, i.e., using the computer without breaks. The mental health outcome that seemed most affected for men was sleep disturbances, while for women, a more general pattern occurred.
Effects of computer exposure on perceived current stress at follow-up were mostly seen in parallel with sleep disturbances. This could be expected since the current stress item actually encompasses sleep problems. We have not assessed the relationship between the different mental health outcomes or pursued possible comorbidity within the study. For example, we do not know if other mental health symptoms were present among those participants who were symptom-free in the outcome concerned in the specific analysis. Sleep disturbances can be a first step towards depression (and is a diagnostic criterion for depression, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM IV)). For example, in one study of young adults [34], sleep disorders was a predictor of major depression onset with an odds ratio of nearly 4. It is possible that those who developed symptoms of depression in our study already had sleep disturbances at baseline.
With regard to inconsistency of results, there was even a negative association between high email/chat use and stress among the men (while the association was positive for the women), implying that men who communicated via the computer more than 2 hours per day had less than half the risk to perceive stress a year later, compared to low users. On the other hand, at the same time, they had an almost double risk for developing sleep disturbances. There is of course a risk of chance findings when performing multiple tests, as in this study. However, the variables we tested were not chosen at random, and the results are in part supported by a previous study in a university sample of young adults [10], where, e.g., high chat use and high email use (as separate variables) were associated with symptoms of depression in women.
It has been claimed that women, more than men, use the computer for communication purposes [35]. In our study, men and women reported almost the exact same levels of email/chat use It is possible to develop and maintain large social networks via email, SMS, Facebook, web forums, and other social aspects of ICT. The positive effects of the social aspects of ICT use are often emphasized (e.g., among the subjects participants in [11]). Social support is a well-known factor that both promotes health and buffers negative effects of psychosocial strain [36, 37]. Interestingly, there seemed to be little or no association between hours spent emailing or chatting and perceived social support in our study. It should be noted that the study was carried out before Facebook (and other networking services) became a widespread and popularly used application. In future studies, besides including social media use, it should be taken into consideration that social media as well as emails are increasingly accessed via the mobile phone and other portable devices, and developments seem to be towards an ever-increasing accessibility.
The email/chat use variable in our study concerned leisure use. Email use in work life can also induce stress. In a study among employees in an engineering company [38], time spent emailing was associated with feeling overloaded, and the overload was independent of the hours worked. While participants spent time on other activities their emails accumulated, and email use also implied interference between work and private life. It was concluded that emailing became a symbol of stress, as it seemed to be experienced as stressful regardless of the amount of work it generated, and even made the participants overlook other aspects of work that contributed to overload [38].
Social isolation is another possible consequence of high computer use, and a negative loop has been suggested [11, 23]. Morahan-Martin and Schumacher [23] found support for the position that loneliness leads to increased Internet use, while Caplan [39] concludes that social anxiety (rather than loneliness) explains the preference for online social interaction, because of benefits in comparison to face-to-face communication. Such benefits, according to the author, include having control of self-presentation, phrasing, and the speed of interaction, and therefore feeling safer and more confidence than during interactions "in real life."
Addiction to the Internet has been suggested as a possible mental health risk factor, but was not assessed in the present study. In a Norwegian cross-sectional adult population sample [17], the prevalence of Internet addiction was 1% and that of at risk users was approximately 5%. Problematic Internet use (addicted and at risk users) was more common among men and younger age groups, and was also associated with self-reported sleeping disorders and depression.
Computer gaming was more common among the men than the women in our study (as in other studies (e.g., [12]). Only a few percent of the women played games more than 2 hours per day, and playing 1–2 hours per day almost doubled the risk of symptoms of depression among the women. This was, however, the only risk category in the analysis of computer gaming. Computer gaming may, on the other hand, be a way of coping with stress. In a study of online game players [40], playing computer games in the workplace was associated with recovery experience. By contrast, playing long hours and at night may have detrimental effects. In a population of Internet game players, habitual gaming at night was related to an increase in depression scores in adolescents (13–17 years) and emerging adults (18–22 years), though not in the group defined as young adults (23–30 years) [41]. The association with depression was independent of total time spent playing, and gaming at night was not related to sleep problems. However, the study was cross-sectional, which limits interpretation of causality. In a laboratory study [42], computer gaming before going to bed increased sleep latency and heart rate, and decreased subjective sleepiness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, compared to controlled conditions. Getting stuck behind the screen and thus losing sleep was reported as a problem in our interview study [11] and was the basis for constructing the variable CU causing lost sleep, which also turned out to be a risk factor for several mental health outcomes including reduced performance, for both men and women. It may be argued that the variable involves circular reasoning, since it encompasses lost sleep as part of the exposure, which at the same time may be considered an outcome.
High ICT use can mirror a hectic lifestyle with high demands (extrinsic as well as intrinsic). It can mirror a lifestyle with lack of recovery, and have potential effects on sleep. Moreover, it is possible that ICT use contributes to a sedentary lifestyle. A sedentary lifestyle can have negative effects on mental health, while physical activity has positive effects on mental health and is acknowledged as a possible complementary treatment for depression and stress-related disorders [43, 44]. A review suggests that sedentary behavior, including TV viewing and computer/Internet use, is associated with an increased risk of depression [45]. However, the possible role of physical activity was not assessed in the present study.
Methodological considerations
There are several limitations in the study, which need to be considered, for example the inconsistencies in the results, as discussed above. The study was performed in a population-based sample of young adults, which is one of its strengths. However, caution must be taken when generalizing the results. The study suffered from a high dropout rate, as is common in questionnaire studies administered in the general population (and probably more so among young adults), resulting in, e.g., women and native-born Swedes being overrepresented in the study group. It is possible that ICT exposure in the study group differs from that of the source population. There is probably a healthy participation selection bias in the cohort, which may be further enhanced when excluding participants with symptoms at baseline before analysis, as the remaining participants might differ from the source population in several aspects including health and resilience. We did adjust for potential confounding by occupation, educational level, and relationship status. However, this was done only at baseline and situations may have changed during the latency period, which will not have been accounted for. Furthermore, we adjusted for potential confounding in all analyses, even though all confounders were not relevant in all analyses. Moreover, geographical confounding may be present because half of the source population was from one region of Sweden and the other half was from the rest of the country. Gender bias was eliminated by separately analyzing men and women.
There are several limitations in using a questionnaire to collect information on exposure and health aspects. Recall bias and recall difficulties are most likely present. Agreement between self-reported and registered exposure clearly was low in one validity study concerning computer use [46] where more than 80% of respondents misclassified their computer use, with almost all respondents overestimating their use. Perhaps in a future study, we would want to use objective exposure assessment via technical registration, rather than self-report.
Some of the mental health outcomes used in the study were not validated (sleep disturbances and reduced performance due to stress, depressed mood or tiredness), including the social support variable, which is a limitation of the study. It is important to point out that the study concerns subjective symptom reports and not actual mental disorders or diagnoses. The prevalence of reported depressive symptoms was alarmingly high in our study group; approximately 50% of the men and almost 65% of the women confirmed at least one of the two depressive items. Following the suggested PRIME-MD procedure [29, 30], a predictive power of 33% [30] would imply that about 20% of the study group was clinically depressed. However, the prevalence of depression in a population such as the one included in this study is most likely lower than in primary care populations. For comparison, the 1-month prevalence of depression among Finnish young adults (20–24 years of age) was 9.6% [47]. Suspecting that the instrument would be too sensitive for our population, we chose to adapt the analysis accordingly, expecting that the two-item outcome would have higher specificity than if following the suggested procedure.
The computer use variables based on time spent at the computer in our study did not permit us to evaluate extreme use, since the cutoff for the highest category of general computer use was 4 hours per day, which was the time that almost 40% of the men and 30% of the women spent on the computer. The cutoff for the high category in email/chat use and computer gaming was 2 hours per day. It is possible that more extreme exposure is more hazardous to health than the tested exposures and having more categories with higher cutoffs may have enabled a more detailed dose–response analysis. Perhaps the variables concerning intensity of use (i.e., CU without breaks, and CU causing lost sleep) can reflect a more extreme and, possibly, destructive use, than those concerning mere hours of use. Also, it is important, though difficult, to keep up to date with advances in technology and applications, and to create items that sufficiently capture relevant exposure, especially in longitudinal studies.
Aspects of ICT use can contain risk factors for mental wellbeing among young adults, and may be markers for (other) mechanisms associated with mental health risks. Consequently, it seems desirable to support healthy use of modern technologies in order to prevent possible destructive uses or effects, since ICT is an ever-increasing part of daily life, at work, at school, and at leisure. Since sleep and recovery are essential for maintained health, further studies could focus on mechanisms relating ICT use to sleep disturbances, to deepen our understanding and develop meaningful and evidence-based intervention programs.
Time spent on general computer use was prospectively associated with sleep disturbances and reduced performance for the men included in this study. For the women, using the computer without breaks was a risk factor for several mental health outcomes. Some associations were enhanced in interaction with mobile phone use. Using the computer at night and thus losing sleep was associated with most mental health outcomes for both men and women. Further studies should focus on mechanisms relating ICT use to sleep disturbances.
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/12/176/prepub
The study was funded by the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Sara Thomée & Mats Hagberg
Department of Work Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Annika Härenstam
Sara Thomée
Mats Hagberg
Correspondence to Sara Thomée.
ST, AH, and MH designed the study. ST performed the data analysis and wrote the manuscript. AH and MH supervised the data analysis, and discussed and contributed to the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Thomée, S., Härenstam, A. & Hagberg, M. Computer use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults – a prospective cohort study. BMC Psychiatry 12, 176 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-176
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-176
Mental Health Outcome
Mental Health Symptom


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Dealer promotional mailing for Infocom's Hollywood Hijinx. It's an 8" x 8" white envelope featuring a large red star. (The back side is blank so I haven't bothered to photograph it.) This one does not have a recipient address label. It has never been sealed.
Inside is a full-color fold-out card with kitschy Hollywood proclamations such as "THRILL To a Million Dollar Inheritance!" and "LAUGH At a Hundred Goofy Gags!" The back side displays a blurb about Hollywood Hijinx with system availability and information on how to order it. The card opens like the page of a pop-up book to reveal a tinseltown-style marquee, with a B&W of the game's prop spread below.


text:
Cybaeus amicus är en spindelart som beskrevs av Chamberlin och Ivie 1932. Cybaeus amicus ingår i släktet Cybaeus och familjen vattenspindlar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Vattenspindlar
amicus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Front Binding – As this is a Connecticut reprint, I must say this is one of their better boards (although, as usual, the New York original is superior) for a Macy era title. Anyway, the folk tale of Paul Bunyan is one of the few children's titles printed as a solo Limited Editions Club edition: the fairy tales of Andersen and the Brothers Grimm, Robert Louis Stevenson's A Child's Garden of Verses, Aesop's Fables and the special Evergreen Tales sets of tales are some others. However, this retelling of the American classic is fairly special in that Louis Untermeyer, a common ally of the George Macy Company, had his rendition of the tale specifically printed, making it his sole credit as the author of a work for Macy. Untermeyer would otherwise serve as translator (Cyrano de Bergerac's second printing), editor (the second set of Grimm's Fairy Tales) or introducing a work (The Innocent Voyage) for many projects in the Macy sphere.
Everett Gee Jackson began his career for Macy here, and would go on to render five other books for the Limited Editions Club: The Ugly Duckling for a set of Evergreen Tales in 1949, Popoh Vuh: The Book of the People in 1954, 1957's The History of the Conquest of Peru by William Hickling Prescott, Helen Hunt Jackson's Ramona in 1959 and his last, a collection of American Indian Legends published in 1968.
Title Page – Untermeyer and Jackson both get a half page or so in the Sandglass, so I'll let that do the talking for me. What I will speak of is the design info: The original Heritage printing was designed by Richard Ellis. William F. Fortney of Tapley-Rutter bound the book, the Caslon Old Style text was printed on Mohawk paper by Connecticut Printers, while Jackson's pictures were redone by Holyoke Lithograph Company of Springfield, Massachusetts.
Page 8 – …as well as these colored illustrations. These were done in crayon, but printed to resemble paintings. An appropriate choice in materials, given Bunyan's folk tale status for children. Jackson's style works with the lore, but it's not really my thing.
Personal Notes – I got this rather cheaply from Windows on the World – Books & Art, my former bookselling appointment, but I didn't realize until I got home it was a Connecticut edition. Still, I was able to document it before it was sold off to get other Heritage Press books this year.
You are currently reading Heritage Press – The Wonderful Adventures of Paul Bunyan, retold by Louis Untermeyer (1973, Connecticut) at The George Macy Imagery.


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Школа № 118 — образовательное учреждение в Юго-Западном округе города Москвы. Школа известна сочетанием очной и семейной форм обучения детей, а также интеграцией общего и дополнительного образования.

История и современность
Школа образована в 2005 году в результате слияния Центра детского творчества, искусства и спорта — учреждения дополнительного образования — и школы № 118 (существовавшей с 1975 года и имевшей на тот момент серьёзные проблемы). Объединение вдохнуло новую жизнь в образовательное учреждение. С 2007 года ЦО реализует программу семейного обучения, работает клуб семейного образования «Перспектива», оказывающий помощь учителям и родителям. В школе много внимания уделяют заботе о здоровье детей. ЦО № 118 — один из инициаторов программы «Шестилетняя начальная школа». Школа знаменита своими многочисленными объединениями дополнительного образования.

Дополнительное образование
Режим работы Центра образования позволяет сочетать основную и дополнительную образовательную деятельность, вовлекать практически всех учащихся в работу кружков, секций, студий. В Центре образования работают объединения эстетического, социально-педагогического, спортивного, эколого-биологического, математического направлений.

Многие коллективы, существующие в ЦО № 118, существуют давно и пользуются заслуженной известностью. Среди них хореографическая школа «Надежда», существующая с 1988 года, обладательница звания «Образцовый коллектив», лауреат многочисленных званий и премий. Школа названа в честь Надежды Надеждиной, основательницы ансамбля «Берёзка». Коллектив получил одобрение худсовета ансамбля и его руководителя Миры Кольцовой и официальное разрешение на включение в репертуар номеров из творческого наследия великого хореографа.

Не менее известен спортивный клуб «Алкид», существующий с 1996 года, где ребята занимаются самбо. Младшие (с 6 до 9 лет) проходят курс общей физической подготовки, а с 10 лет уже приступают непосредственно к занятиям борьбой. Среди тренеров «Алкида» были Артем Мухин, мастер спорта России, двукратный чемпион Европы по самбо, и Артем Артемьев, мастер спорта по дзюдо и самбо. Многие молодые современные спортсмены-самбисты тренировались в «Алкиде». На базе ЦО № 118 регулярно проходят соревнования по самбо. Велика роль клуба и в укреплении здоровья учащихся — в клубе занимаются почти все мальчишки из школы 118.

Победителем многих российских, международных фестивалей и конкурсов является и музыкальный коллектив школы — хоровое отделение «Радуга».

В школе действуют различные студии декоративно-прикладного творчества, клубы, математические кружки.

Школьный музей

В Центре образования № 118 создан и работает музей Воинской славы 71-41 отдельной морской бригады 25-й гвардейской стрелковой Синельниково-Будапештской Краснознаменной орденов Суворова и Богдана Хмельницкого дивизии имени В. И. Чапаева. Музей участвует в работе по военно-патриотическому воспитанию учеников, проводит традиционные встречи с ветеранами.

Примечания

Школы, основанные в 2005 году
Школы Москвы


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text:
Морошан Тамара Володимирівна ( 1 лютого 1953, с. Михальча Сторожинецький район Чернівецька область) — українська поетеса, журналістка, педагог. Член НСЖУ. Кореспондент Українського радіо у Португалії.

Біографія
Тамара Морошан (Лаврук) народилася 1 лютого 1953 року в селі Михальча Сторожинецького району Чернівецької області. Закінчила філологічний факультет Чернівецького державного університету. Працювала у Новодністровській школі № 1 після переїзду з родиною на будівництво Дністровської ГЕС у Сокирянському районі — кореспондентом-організатором районного радіомовлення, кореспондентом газети Дністробуду «За высокие темпы» в Новодністровську, а також редактором інформаційного вісника «Новодністровськ». Нині мешкає у Португалії, працювала редактором у емігрантській газеті «Слово», кореспондентом Українського радіо у Португалії. Автор поетичних збірок «Чебреці землі» (Сокиряни, Філіал видавництва "Буковина", 1992), «Настроение» (1993), «Я прийшла у цей світ любити» (Лісабон, 2008), "В саду олив" (Чернівці, видавничий дім "Букрек", 2019). Співавтор "Енциклопедії сучасної літератури" Частина 4 (2016), альманахів "Галактика любові" (2017), "Серце Європи" (2017), виданих у Хмельницькому.

Пісні на слова Тамари Морошан
Спільно з композитором, заслуженим працівником культури України Михайлом Мафтуляком та композитором Михайлом Рожко створили пісні:
 Зустріч. — Збірник «Першоцвіти». — Чернівці: Місто, 2004 — С. 99-102.
 Мій край — чудова сторона. — Збірник «Лунає музика землі…». — Снятин: Музично-видавничий дім «В. Лазаренко», 2008. — С. 35-37.

Громадська діяльність
 Член дільничної виборчої комісії на виборах народних депутатів України 2012 року [1400 — 092, м. Лісабон, Рештелу, Авені даш Дешкуберташ, 18].

Посилання
 Видатні особистості Новодністровська. Морошан Тамара Володимирівна
 Постанова ЦВК № 636 від 18.02.2006 року «Про утворення дільничних виборчих комісій закордонних виборчих дільниць закордонного виборчого округу з виборів народних депутатів України 26 березня 2006 року»

Джерела
 Морошан Тамара Володимирівна // Інформаційний простір Буковини. — Чернівці: Букрек, 2004. — С. 151. — ISBN 966-8500-17-2.
 Морошан Тамара Володимирівна // Гусар Ю. С. Дністровий зорепад. Штрихи до енциклопедичного словника-довідника «Літературно-мистецька Сокирянщина» / Юхим Гусар. — Чернівці: ВІЦ «Місто», 2010. — С. 62.
" Багрійчук І."… Через душу просіваю всі свої слова [про Тамару Морошан] / Інна Багрійчук // Буковинське віче. — 2008. — 27 серпня. — С. 3.
 [Тамара Морошан] // Гусар Ю. С. Буковинський календар. Ювілеї — 2008. Словник-довідник / Юхим Гусар. — Чернівці: Правдивий поступ, 2008. — С. 21.
 Слободянюк-Дурач О. Мов до чистого джерела [про Тамару Морошан] / Олена Слободянюк-Дурач. Вони залишили добрий слід // Дністрові зорі.- 2003. — 18 жовтня. — С. 4; Світять «Дністрові зорі» /Упорядник В. І. Гафінчук. — Чернівці: Видавничий дім «Букрек»,2009. — С. 101–102. — ISBN 978-966-399-230-3.
 Гусар Ю. Дзвенить слово Тамари Морошан / Юхим Гусар // Буковинське віче. — 2017. —  2 лютого (№ 4). —  С. 3.
 Гончар Інна. В саду олив і трепетрного слова / Гончар Інна ЖУРНАЛ "ЗОЛОТА ПЕКТОРАЛЬ" 01.07.2019.
 Гончар Інна Водолійська гармонія з Тамарою Морошан Інна ГОНЧАР ЖУРНАЛ "ЗОЛОТА ПЕКТОРАЛЬ" 30.01.2020.

Персоналії:Сокирянський район
Уродженці Чернівецької області
Українські поетеси
Члени НСЖУ
Українські поети-піснярі
Українці Португалії


Around the Bookish World: Week-In-Review | Book Lovers Inc.
Welcome to this week's news post and it has been pretty eventful, with the sad passing of Ray Bradbury, more publishing news as well as new covers/books to watch out for!
The major news this week in the world of publishing was the sad passing of Sci Fi author Ray Bradbury, the author behind Fahrenheit 451 and other classics died earlier this week at the age of 91. Neil Gaiman has written a wonderful article on the life of the prolific and influential author. This year has been pretty bad with the passing of some great authors.
And in a way the news that Harper Collins is preparing to publish quite a few of his backlist books in ebook format over the coming months will be fitting. Although Bradbury was against publishing his books in e-book format but did allow some short stories and his classic Fahrenheit 541 to be allowed to be published, if it was available in all formats as well as libraries. But this news is very welcome and shows that he wasn't really against ebooks and that he had changed his mind about them recently.
Sony has launched a web-based store and it is about time, after 6 years since they have started their their online book stores which was only available via their software browser to buy books. The UK also has also a Sony web-store although they previously linked to the Waterstones website for orders.
Barnes and Noble have come out to state that the DOJ settlement with several of the Big 5 publishers linked with Agency pricing means that ebook pricing will actually go up. I think it is kind of odd with this thinking because evidence seems to suggest that alleged collusion which led to fixed pricing actually increased ebook pricing. Although the Agency move has definitely helped Barnes and Noble to gain a stronger foothold the ebook market and that the settlement may mean they would have spend more to compete with Amazon and other stores.
Julie James has announced the title for her next FBI/US Attorney 4th book which will be titled Love Irresistibly. It is also up for preorder right now!
Jane from Dear Author and Thea and Ana from The Book Smugglers both have fantastic write-ups on this year's BEA, and there is some great tid bits and news coming out from this year's convention, including the announcement that Kobo will be launching a self publishing platform and revamped lines from Harlequin.
And now for upcoming books!
In a city full of vampires, trouble never sleeps.
At the tender age of 27, Merit became a sword-wielding vampire. Since then, she's become the protector of her House, watched Chicago nearly burn to the ground, and seen her Master fall and rise. Now she'll see her mettle—and her metal —tested like never before.
It started with two . . . Two rogues vanishing without a trace. Someone is targeting Chicago's vampires, and anyone could be next. With their house in peril, Merit and her Master, the centuries old Ethan Sullivan, must race to stop the disappearances. But as they untangle a web of secret alliances and ancient evils, they realize their foe is more familiar, and more powerful, than they could have ever imagined.
The Shadow Reader by Sandy Williams was one of my favourite books from last year and the followup, The Shattered Dark has a cover and blurb which I cannot wait to get my hands on!
McKenzie was a normal college student, save for one little twist: she's a shadow reader, someone who can both see the fae and track their movements between our world and the Realm. It's a gift for which she has been called insane, one for which she has risked family and friends—and one that has now plunged her into a brutal civil war among the fae.
And finally we have the big unveiling of JR Ward's 11th BDB book and it is the long awaited book which will feature Qhuay aka Qhinn and Blaylock!
What do you think of any the items I highlighted this week? And if you have read Ray Bradbury what is your favourite book?
Every time I read about BEA I want to go. FREE BOOKS EVERYWHERE!!!!!
But then I realize they let just any genre in there. So those free books could be (shudder) romances or westerns or whatever the hell they call those books every bookclub in the US feels the urge to read.
I want a Speculative Fiction Specific BEA. I'm sure one exists! Somewhere. Hopefully in an English-speaking country. It would defeat the purpose for me if it were in Russia. Though the flight would probably be cheaper….
Thanks for all the news, I think we will have to wait and see what will happen to ebooks everywhere. I did not read Ray Bradbury, but I did see lots of sad tweets by some of my favourite authors on Twitter.


text:
Personen
 Michael Jackson

Muziek
Michael Jacksons albumserie "King of Pop (album)".
King of Pop - The Dutch Collection, een van de albums uit deze serie.

Overige
 King of Pop (programma), een programma van Studio Brussel


text:
Q: A class instance initializing with previously initialized attributes I have a slight complication with my code. I want the pirate attribute to take the value True if the other two attributes are higher than some number when summed up and multiplied by some factor.
For instance, maybe I want the pirate attribute to be True only if social*0.6 + fixed is greater than 5, and false otherwise.
import random

class consumer(object):
"""Initialize consumers"""
    def __init__(self, fixed, social,pirate):
        self.social = social
        self.fixed = fixed
        self.pirate = pirate

"""Create an array of people"""
for x in range(1,people):
    consumerlist.append(consumer(random.uniform(0,10),random.uniform(0,10),True))
    pass

A: In response to Moses answer: Using a calculated property is safer than calculating the pirate value at initialization only. When decorating a method with the @property attribute, it acts as a property (you don't have to use brackets as is the case for methods), which is always up to date when the social member is changed afterwards.
class Consumer(object):

    def __init__(self, fixed, social):
        self.fixed = fixed
        self.social = social

    @property
    def pirate(self):
        return self.social * 0.6 + self.fixed > 5

consumer1 = Consumer(1, 12)
print("Value of pirate attribute: " + str(consumer1.pirate))

A: You need to store the random values for fixed and social and then use them for the comparison that generates pirate:
for x in range(1,people):
     fixed = random.uniform(0,10)
     social = random.uniform(0,10)
     pirate = (social * 0.6 + fixed) > 5 # boolean
     consumerlist.append(consumer(fixed, social, pirate))

That pass in your for is redundant

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Tell me the P-value of 2.647 and end with the same result below in steps please?
You wish to test the claim that μ ≤ 24 at a level of significance of α = 0.01 and are given sample statistics n = 40, = 25.8. Assume the population standard deviation is 4.3. Compute the value of the standardized test statistic. Round your answer to two decimal places.
since 2.647>2,32, so we reject the null hypothesis, and accept alternative hypothesis μ>24.
Tell me the P-value of 2.647 and end with the same result above?
Q: What is the median number for the numbers 4, 8, 10, 5, 9?
Q: How do you find the range and interquartile range for 37, 19, 13, 11, 10?


text:
DVD / April 3, 2006
Batman Beyond : The Complete First Season
Randall Cyrenne
Warner Bros. (1999), Warner Home Video (March 21, 2006), 2 discs, 280 mins plus supplements, 1.33:1 original full frame ratio, Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround, Not Rated, Retail: $26.98
Years after Batman has retired, he finds himself with a protégé who wants to use a high-tech version of the batsuit.
I thought that I had at last fulfilled my dream of owning every season of Batman: The Animated Series on DVD a few months ago, but I had sort of forgotten about Batman Beyond. It's kind of easy to do. Batman Beyond is its own show, with a certain edginess in its design, music, and stories. In many ways it seems far removed from the Gotham City that we knew in Batman:TAS. It's decades later, and most of the old cast is gone, yet that's the undeniable voice of Kevin Conroy as an aged Bruce Wayne, a lonely old man who reluctantly agrees to manage a protégé. I can understand that some people never warmed up to Batman Beyond, a show practically forced on its producers in 1999 when the network decided they wanted a new marketing scheme for the Batman animated franchise. Fortunately, the Batman producers decided to do the show anyways, determined that no one else be allowed to screw up the Bat-franchise.
The challenge was to take a corporate "high concept" and make it into something of quality. They worked hard to make Batman Beyond just as good as its predecessor series; and the result was surprisingly good, whatever your opinion of the final product. The key, of course, was focusing on the relationships and personalities, and not just the "Batman of the Future" gimmick. Bruce Wayne is the main holdover from Batman: TAS, still driven and secretive and somewhat controlling. Twenty years after reluctantly retiring as Batman, he encounters a teenager. The boy is named Terry McGinniss, and soon after meeting Bruce he loses his father to crime and wants revenge— a happenstance with an all too familiar ring to it. This time, though, Batman is not looking for a new Robin. He stopped being Batman long ago and has lived in solitude since. Bruce offers no encouragement to Terry, but Terry is rather insistent about taking on the Bat-mantle for himself. The development of their relationship, and what they come to mean to each other, is at the crux of the show.
The first season of Batman Beyond was 13 episodes long, and the new 2-disc DVD set places them in airdate order (just a little different than the production order).
Disc One: The origin of this new Batman took up what became the first two episodes, in a story entitled Rebirth – Parts 1 and 2. I remember watching the double-length premiere in 1999, and not being quite sure what to make of the show. It certainly had style, but seemed to borrow heavily from an anime aesthetic, particularly Akira, but without the production values of that famous Japanese movie. There was a positive, however. Somehow, the new design sense that Bruce Timm had been bringing to the DC Comics animated universe since Superman: The Animated Series seemed to work the best in this brave new Bat-world. The simplified character designs perfectly suited the bold design choices made in the series, seeming to gel much more organically than they had previously on the last season of Batman; that "Gotham Knights" version had a cheaper, less lush look than the original BTAS shows, but Batman Beyond looked pretty spiffy.
Still, I wondered if the creators would be able to find their own groove and make Batman Beyond unique enough to stand proudly as part of the continuity shown in their respected Batman and Superman series. The next few episodes eventually made me a believer.
Black Out tells a simple story, but does so in an appealing way. The shape shifting Inque is introduced, as an industrial saboteur hired by Wayne's slimy business partner Derek Powers. Her shape shifting is inventive and impressively animated, and it is here that we meet the current police commissioner, Barbera Gordon. Next, Golem is about a nerdy fellow at Terry's school who succumbs to despair at the hand of bullies and an overbearing father. To get even he steals a two-story "Galvanic Lifter Machine" robot and sends it out to wreak some havoc. Mixed in with some typical cartoon violence is a real story of a sad young man and his separation from his father and his peers. At this point, it is becoming more apparent that this show would have heart as well as cool graphics.
Even better is Meltdown, the first episode that deals with an old Batman foe, appropriately featuring Mr. Freeze in a bittersweet tale. The script is very mature and intelligent, dealing with Terry's and Bruce's conflicting responses to the resurrection of Dr. Victor Freeze. Even at the end of the episode, it is not clear who was right. This ranks with the best of the BTAS episodes for pathos and smart writing. Next we have Heroes, which is just plain fun for showing a Batman Beyond version of the Fantastic Four, looking much more tragic than usual. Better yet, it is another well-written outing that is both exciting and unpredictable.
Shriek is one of those episodes that does not resonate much with me, although it is actually pretty good and includes a sympathetic villain and a lovely ironic ending. Like Black Out, it involves a clash between Wayne and Powers, and an adversary for Batman that is sponsored by Powers. Dead Man's Hand, though, has always been a favorite of mine— a poignant tale of young love that also features the Royal Flush Gang. By now, the series had some serious momentum.
Disc Two: The Winning Edge takes place at Terry's school, where several of the athletes are using a drug that seems related to "venom", once used by Batman's old enemy Bane. An added aspect of the story is Terry's mom having suspicions that Terry himself is an abuser. Spellbound introduces another villain, one who once again has an eye-catching visual but this time has hypnotic powers.
Disappearing Inque brings back the oozy mercenary. Rather than simply having another fight with Batman, though, Inque is joined by a male admirer who has set her free from her prison. Bruce and terry get a few more great moments together, and the episode gets another great ironic ending.
A Touch of Curare is momentous for showing much more of the new Commissioner Gordon, and reveals more of the back-story of how the "Bat family" broke up so long ago. At least one revelation raises an eyebrow of both Terry and the viewer. Aside from all the continuity goodies, there is also a pretty good story about the new Batman's trying to protect Barbera's husband from an assassin. Finally, Ascension puts some first season closure to the Derek Powers story, as his condition is revealed and his son comes to Gotham. But is the son more of a monster than his dad?
Once one is accustomed to the different vibe that this show has, one can see that is has the same sharp writing and attention to characterization that Batman The Animated Series had. Additionally, Batman Beyond has a unique look that shows a whole different design sense and sends notice that we are in a different time. No longer held to creating iconic looks for pre-existing characters, the creators tore loose and created numerous interesting-looking villains.
You don't have to love Batman Beyond to still be an official Batman The Animated Series fan, but any BTAS fan does need to give this new version of Batman a chance. It may look and sound different, but there is a core here that is recognizably a part of the universe that we all fell in love with back when BTAS debuted back in 1992.
Warner has become fairly consistent with their extras on the DC animated series sets. As usual, we get a couple of Audio Commentaries with the creators (here including Bruce Timm, Alan Burnett, Glen Murakami, Paul Dini, Stan Berkowitz and Curt Geda). They cover "Rebirth Part 1", where they discuss how they envisioned the series, and "Shriek", where they discuss how villains were created, and using soundless scenes in this episode.
Inside Batman Beyond (9:36) is similar to what was found on the Justice League set. Jason Hillhouse moderates a discussion with Timm, Dini, Murakami, and Burnett, where they talk about the genesis of the show and how they made a wonky idea into a pretty decent series.
Music of the Knight has a one-minute intro with Timm, then offers five scenes form Season One with music-only audio. Timm makes the point that fans may not fully appreciate the music at times, since it is covered up partially with dialog and sound effects. Watching these clips with just the music certainly makes one even more aware of how much the feel of the show is due to the score.
Well, Warner Home Video has certainly jumped onto the "slimmer is better" packaging bandwagon. This 2-disc set is even thinner than a regular DVD case. This package basically compacts the regular Warner animation DVD digipack-in-a-slipcover scheme, by using the overlapping technique for the two discs. If you hate overlapping discs, you'll hate this, but for those of us that will do anything to keep a disc's original packaging intact on our crowded shelves, this new strategy is helpful. The artwork, incidentally, is pretty nice too.
Very nice. This is quite a handsome show, and it is shown to good advantage on the DVD set. There is barely a trace of dirt or grain on these prints, and the 4:3 image has been compressed for DVD very nearly perfectly. The occasional scene comes off a bit soft, due partially to these still being done on cels at the time rather than computer-scanned, but overall the video is impressive.
English Dolby Surround Stereo is offered, and it s just as good as it likely can be. You get an appropriate amount of rumble where needed, and sound effects are nicely directed. The most remarkable aspect of the audio on the show, though, is the music. The producers used the musical score to further distinguish Batman Beyond as its own entity, ditching the much-admired orchestral arrangements of previous series with a techno metal sound. While I found the music jarring when I first saw the show, it has become a huge part of its identity.
There are French and Spanish subtitles.
If you have been collecting the box sets for the DC animated properties, there is little reason to stop now. Only the last episode had not appeared on DVD singles in the past, but it's great to have them in one compact set with such nice extras. The video and audio are also as good as can be. This new Batman may not be to everyone's taste, but if you like Terry are have not seen much of this show in the past, I would suggest you give it a try. I actually saw very little of this show past the first season, as my life got pretty busy at about that time, so I'm quite looking forward to seeing future volumes.
The Batman: The Complete Fifth Season
The Batman: The Complete Fourth Season
Batman Beyond: Season Three
Batman – The Brave And The Bold: Season Two, Part One
Adventure Time: The Complete Seventh Season


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Die A414 road (englisch für Straße A414) ist als eine 107,7 km lange, teilweise als Primary route ausgewiesene Straße, die bei Hemel Hempstead von der A41 road nach Osten abzweigt, dann den M1 motorway kreuzt (bei der Anschlussstelle junction 8) und, nunmehr als Primary route, die Kathedralstadt St Albans südlich umfährt. Bis 2009 war das Teilstück vom M1 bis zum Park Street roundabout als M10 motorway klassifiziert, wurde aber nach dem Bau des südlicher verlaufenden M25 motorway abgestuft. Bei Hatfield verläuft sie zwischen den Anschlüssen 3 und 4 gemeinsam mit dem A1(M). Die vierstreifig ausgebaute, aber neveaugleiche Anschlüsse aufweisende Straße führt weiter nach Hertford und zur A10 road nach Ware, wo sie auf die A10 road trifft, mit dieser gemeinsam für 3 km nach Süden verläuft und dann wieder nach Osten abzweigt. Bis Harlow bleibt sie eine dual carriageway, umgeht diese New Town und quert den M11 motorway bei dessen Anschluss junction 7. In ihrem weiteren Verlauf knickt sie westlich von Chelmsford scharf nach Südwesten ab und umfährt gemeinsam mit der A12 road die Stadt. Östlich von Chelmsford führt sie als einfache Landstraße nach Maldon am River Blackwater, wo sie endet.

Siehe auch
 Straßensystem in Großbritannien

Weblinks

 A414 bei SABRE (englisch)

414
Verkehrsbauwerk in Hertfordshire
Verkehrsbauwerk in Essex
A Grossbritannien414 road


Plentiful entrees are inspired by cuisines that have learned how to make real vegetables taste great through generations of cooking. We use whole vegetables and prepare them authentically with great accompanying ingredients. No synthetic flavorings, no fillers or water added for bulking weight, and no other junk.