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Dieser Artikel behandelt die vier neuen buddhistischen Schulen, die im Japan der Kamakura-Zeit (1184-1333) entstanden sind. Diese sind:
 Zen für die Ritter und Bauernkrieger, gab ihnen Orientierung. Danach erst echte Volksreligionen.
 Jōdo-shū von Hōnen: Erlösung durch Glauben (nicht durch gute Taten), gegen gelehrte Schriften (Sutras).
 Jōdo-Shinshū (Ikkō-Shū) von Shinran (wurde zur zentralen Religion): kein Priestertum mehr; vor allem für einfache Menschen; Bauern, sogar Prostituierte, Kriminelle, u. a. Beide Jōdo-Schulen waren eine Herausforderung für die Kyōto-Sekten und die Zen-Aristokratie.
 Nichiren-Buddhismus des Nichiren: Großer Wert auf religiöses Schrifttum in Abgrenzung zu den drei anderen o. g. Schulen.

Bei der Entstehung neuer buddhistischer Schulen in der Kamakura-Zeit (1192–1333), darf die herrschende Eschatologie, die Vorstellung von einer bevorstehenden Endzeit (mappō), nicht unterschätzt werden. Denn in der Zeitschreibung des Buddhismus unterschied man drei Phasen: die erste, shōbō, war die Periode des "Wahren Gesetzes", die bis zum 1000. Jahr nach dem Tod Shakyamunis (des historischen Buddha) reichen sollte. Dann käme zōbō, wiederum 1000 Jahre, eine Periode des "Verfälschten Gesetzes" und schließlich mappō, die 10.000jährige Periode des "Letzten Gesetzes". In der mappō-Zeit existiert nur noch die Lehre allein. Diese Phase sollte laut Ansicht japanischer Chronologen im Jahr 1052 n. Chr. beginnen.
Der größte Teil der Bevölkerung Japans war deshalb beunruhigt, und suchte nach Wegen aus der Endzeit-Stimmung zu entfliehen, ihrem Leben und der Vorstellung vom Leben nach dem Tode ein Sinn zu geben.
Aufgrund des langsamen Niedergangs der Heian-Monarchie und der Erstarkung der Samurai (Ritteraristokratie) verloren auch die dem Kaiserhaus nahestehenden buddhistischen Schulen an Kraft und Macht, so die Shingon, die Tendai, aber auch die Nara-Klöster und nun konnten sich der Zen, die Jōdō-Schulen und die Hokke-Shū entwickeln.

Jōdo-Shū von Hōnen
Die "Reine Land-Schule" stammt ursprünglich aus dem Kaiserreich China, wo Schriften von dem indischen Mahayana-Buddhisten Nagarjuna (jap. Ryūshu) entsprechend dem Amida-Glauben interpretiert wurden. Besonders die Kommentare von Vasubandhu bilden den Beginn der "Reinen Land-Schule".
Die Entwicklung der Jōdō-Doktrin ist vor allem durch eine freie (schöpferische) und selektiv vorgehende Lesart von buddhistischen Schriften entstanden, die sich völlig auf den Amida Buddha bezogen. Tanluan (jap. Donran) entlehnte seine Theorie dem Unterschied zwischen dem Schweren und dem Leichten Weg, wie er von Nagarjuna gelehrt wurde, und identifizierte den Leichten Weg als den des Reinen Landes. Daochuo (jap. Dōshaku) beschrieb den Weg des Reinen Landes für die mappō-Zeit als den einzig noch möglichen. Beide Religionsführer unterschieden den Weg der Selbsterleuchtung (jiriki) von dem der Fremderleuchtung (tariki) durch Amida. Shandao (jap. Zendō) behauptete, dass alle Menschen, und nicht nur Boddhisattwas, in das Reine Land gelangen könnten.
In der späten Heian-Zeit (794-1185) verbreitete sich in Japan eine volkstümliche Verehrungsform des Buddhismus in Form des Amida-Kultes. Aus ihr geht die Schule des Reinen Landes (Jōdo-Shū) später hervor. Aber auch die Shingon-Schule verehrte den Amida-Buddha, allerdings nicht so ausschließlich wie die Schule des Reinen Landes.

Die Anfänge
Der Mönch Kūya (903–972) aus dem Tendai-Kloster predigte die erlösende Kraft des Amida (Amitabha) unter dem einfachen Volk, für das es bis dahin keine buddhistische Lehre gab, denn die Heian-Schulen des Shingon und des Tendai waren mit ihren komplizierten esoterischen Lehren für sie nicht verständlich.
Das bloße Anrufen des Amida (die Nembutsu-Formel: Namu Amida Butsu) stand im Vordergrund der neuen Bewegung. Wenn diese rezitiert würde, hieß es, würde der oder die Gläubige unweigerlich nach dem Tode im Reinen Land (Paradies des Westens "Jōdo") wiedergeboren.

Ebenfalls ein Anhänger, Genshin (942–1017), gründete Gesellschaften, um Mönche, Laien, Adlige und Bauern zusammenzubringen. Inwieweit sich das verwirklichen ließ, ist nicht überliefert, jedoch gab es einige Anhänger unter der Kaiserfamilie und auch der Ritteraristokratie.
Das Nembutsu (Namensanrufung) wurde vom Mönch Ryōnin (1072-1132) in ritueller Form auch in den Tendai-Buddhismus eingeführt. Er gründete die Yūzū Nembutsu-shū, welche unbedeutend blieb. Hier rezitierte er öffentlich das Nembutsu begleitet von tänzerischen Bewegungen.

In der Schrift Ōyōden (oder Ōjō Raisan von Zendō 613–681, Priester der Jōdō-Schule in China), "Die Legende von der Geburt im Reinen Land", wird beschrieben, wie die korrekte Praxis des Amida-Glaubens auszusehen hätte:
 Lesen und rezitieren;
 meditieren;
 huldigen;
 den Namen anrufen;
 preisen und Opfer darbringen.
Die fünf Praktiken richten sich an den Amida-Buddha.

Obwohl in der Frühzeit der Jōdō-Schule Sünden sehr streng beurteilt und gute Taten zur Begleichung von Fehltaten gefordert wurden, um schlechtes Karma zu ändern, brach Hōnen (vormals Genkū 1133–1212, posthum Hōnen Shōnin) mit dieser buddhistischen Sühne-Praxis.

Er gründete in der Kamakura-Zeit im Jahre 1198 die "Schule des Reinen Landes" (Jōdo-Shū). Er glaubte, wie viele seiner Zeitgenossen, dass die mappō-Zeit hereingebrochen wäre, dass Befreiung aus eigener Kraft nun nicht mehr möglich sein könnte (die jiriki) und predigte die völlige Hingabe an und Erlösung durch den Amida Buddha (tariki) als einzigen Erlösungsweg.

Besonders die sozial Ausgestoßenen fanden sich in der Sekte aufgehoben. Auch deshalb erlangte sie nicht das Ansehen vergleichbar mit dem der Tendai- oder Shingon-Schule. Außerdem hatte man bis zur Zeit von Hōnen noch an die Notwendigkeit einer Erleuchtung des Einzelnen (jiriki) geglaubt und der Gedanke, die Erleuchtung nun von außen zu empfangen, war befremdend und für Gelehrte inakzeptabel.
Hōnen behauptete nämlich, dass alleine schon die Namensanrufung an Amida Buddha ausreichen würde, die eigene Erlösung zu erlangen. Und obwohl er selbst angeblich ein gelehrter Mönch war, der die chinesische Schrift beherrschte, alle wichtigen Texte kannte, wies er das Studieren und Lernen der Sutras zurück. Er begründete es damit, dass Gelehrsamkeit, Befolgung von Mönchsregeln, Tempelbauten u. a. immer Menschen ausschließe, die diese Art von Erlösungswegen nicht verfolgen könnten, weil ihnen – besonders ja den Bauern – Kenntnisse des Lesens und Schreibens fehlten oder sie nicht über materielle Mittel verfügten, um Heiligtümer zu errichten. Dagegen könnte jeder das Nembutsu praktizieren.

Als er die Schrift Kangyō sho (Kuan-ching hsüan-j), ein Kommentar zum Kangyō (der Meditationssutra), "Verborgene Meinung zum Meditations-Sutra", von Zendō entdeckte, interpretiert er dort heraus, dass nur das Anrufen alleine reichte, um in das Paradies zu gelangen. Zitatstelle von Zendōs Schrift: "Wiederhole nur mit ganzem Herzen ausschließlich den Namen Amidas, ohne – ob gehend oder stehend, ob sitzend oder liegend – auf den Zeitverlauf Rücksicht zu nehmen, und lasse nicht davon ab – das eben ist die Handlung, die zur Erlösung führt."

Wegen des großen Erfolgs und der "unbuddhistischen" Dogmen wurde die Sekte angefeindet (besonders ausgehend von der Hauptstadt Heian) und Hōnen verbannt. 1207 wurde das alleinige Anrufen des Nembutsu verboten. Hōnen gilt heute in Japan als eine Art Luther, weil er ein Schisma in der buddhistischen "Kirche" eingeleitet hatte; denn vorher gab es zwar unterschiedliche Schulen, diese waren jedoch in sich wiederum verwoben – und die Aristokratie praktizierte ohnehin einen synkretistischen Buddhismus.
Heute hat die Schule sechs Millionen Gläubige. Sie hat neben Japan auch Anhänger in anderen asiatischen Ländern, so Vietnam und Taiwan, sowie in Europa.

Glaubensdogmen
Der Glaube basiert auf drei frühen Schriften des Mahayana-Buddhismus über das Reine Land (die drei Sukhâvatîvyūha-Sutras: "Dreifaltiges Reines Land-Sutra: das Größere und das Kleinere Reine Land-Sutra und das Meditations-Sutra"), die von Hōnen 1190 neu interpretiert wurden. Seine eigene Schrift "Senchaku hongan nembutsu shū" ("Sammlung von Aussagen über das Urgelübde und die Buddha-Anrufung"), kurz: Senchaku Shū von 1198 wurde zwar berühmt, aber auch stark kritisiert, vor allem übrigens von Nichiren (siehe Risshō Ankoku Ron unten). Sie bildet die dogmatische Grundlage der Sekte.
Eigentlich konnte keine neue Sekte zur damaligen Zeit ohne Erlaubnis der alten Schulen (besonders der Ritsu-Schule in Nara, da sie die Priesterordinationen vornahm) und der Regierung gegründet werden. Hōnen tat dies trotzdem und forderte damit "Kirchen" und den Staat heraus. Und er schwor sogar den bisher gültigen Richtlinien buddhistischer Klöster zur Errettung der Menschen ab.
Besonders die Tendai-Schule fühlte sich von Hōnen herausgeforderte, weil er das Prinzip des ichinen sanzen untergrub. Auch die mystischen Praktiken der Shingon-Schule verwarf er und zog sich ihre Wut zu.
Das Reine Land soll das Paradies darstellen: die Residenz der Buddhas und Bodhisattwas in Abgrenzung zur unreinen, verschmutzen Menschenwelt (Samsara).
Während die mappō-Welt ohne die Führung des historischen Buddhas Shakyamuni verbleiben muss, verspricht das Reine Land dauernde Anwesenheit des mit Weisheit und Ewigkeit ausgestatteten Buddha Amida (Amitabha: Ewiges Licht; Amitayus: Ewiges Leben), heißt es in seiner Lehre. Amida wird außerdem als mit großem Mitleid für die Menschen ausgestattet charakterisiert. In einem Schwur sollte Amida vor seiner Buddha-Werdung versprochen haben: "Ich wünsche, dass alle Lebewesen in meinem Reinen Land (Jōdō) wiedergeboren werden. Ich warte mit meiner Buddhaschaft, bis ich nicht auch denjenigen Menschen erlösen konnte, der meinen Namen nicht weniger als zehn Mal angerufen hat." Dieser "Leichte Weg" (igyōdō) soll von nun an der Weg der Jōdō-Shū werden.
Hōnen berichtete in seiner Schrift Senchaku Shū auch von einem Traum, in dem ihm Zendō erschienen war, um ihm den Auftrag zu gegen, die Lehre vom Nembutsu als die einzig wahre zu verbreiten. Die Schrift besteht aus 16 Kapiteln, jedes davon ist so konzipiert, dass er Zitate aus den drei Elementarsutren des Reinen Landes (s. o.) mit eigenem Kommentar und Erwiderung versah und auf hypothetische Fragen und Kritikpunkte, die er selbst aufstellt auch selbst antwortet. Er erkennt das Dai muryōju kyō (Größeres Sukhâvatîvyūha-Sutra), das Kammuryōju (Amitâyurdhyâna-Sutra) und das Amidakyō (Kleinere Sukhâtîvyūha-Sutra) als das dreifältige Schrifttum der Reinen Land Schule an, und die Äbte Donran, Dōshaku und Zendō als die Hauptpatriarchen. Allein das Nembutsu reiche aus, und der Amida-Buddha sei der wahre Buddha.
Doch seine Vorgänger hatte geschrieben, es gebe zwei Wege, um die Gebundenheit des Lebens, das Leiden und den Tod zu überwinden (Samsara-Welt):
 Indem man sich bemühte, ein reines Leben zu führen und die Erleuchtung zu erlangen
 oder Vertrauen in das Gelöbnis zu Amida-Buddha zu legen, damit er einen in das Reine Land hole.
Da in der Zeit des mappō nur der letztere Weg möglich sei, behauptete Hōnen, ist das Erflehen des Nembutsu völlig ausreichend für eine Wiedergeburt im Reinen Land.
Durch die Senchaku Shū wurde eine von den anderen Religionsrichtungen unabhängige und getrennte Bewegung eingeleitet.

Nichirens Erwiderung in der Risshō Ankoku Ron
In der Senchaku Shū steht: "Der chinesische Priester Daochuo unterschied zwischen den Shōdō- oder den Lehren vom heiligen Weg und der Jōdō- oder den Lehren vom reinen Land und drängte die Menschen, die ersten aufzugeben und die letzteren sofort anzunehmen. Zuallererst ist zwischen zwei Arten der Lehren vom heiligen Weg (Mahayana und Hinayana) zu unterscheiden. Davon ausgehend können wir annehmen, dass die esoterischen Mahayana-Doktrine der Shingon und die Lehren des wahren Mahayana des Lotos-Sutra beide im heiligen Weg eingeschlossen sind. Wenn dem so ist, dann sind die heutigen Sekten Shingon, Zen, Tendai, Kegon, Sanron, Hossō, Jiron und Shōron, alle diese 8 Schulen im heiligen Weg eingeschlossen der aufgegeben werden soll."
"Der chinesische Priester Shandao (Zendō) unterschied zwischen korrekten und falschen Ausübungen und drängte die Menschen, erstere anzunehmen und letztere aufzugeben. Über die erste der falschen Ausübungen, das Lesen und Rezitieren von Sutras, sagt er, dass das Annehmen und Rezitieren aller Sutras – seien sie nun Mahayana oder Hinayana, exoterisch oder esoterisch – als falsche Ausübung zu betrachten sei, mit Ausnahme der Rezitation des Kammuryōju-Sutra und der andern Sutras des reinen Landes. Über die dritte der falschen Ausübungen die der Verehrung, sagt er, mit Ausnahme der Verehrung Amida Buddhas sei die Verehrung oder Anbetung jedes anderen Buddhas, Bodhisattvas oder jeder anderen Gottheit der himmlischen und menschlichen Welt als falsche Ausübung zu betrachten. Im Lichte dieses Abschnittes wird deutlich, dass man solche falschen Ausübungen aufgeben und sich auf die Lehre des reinen Landes konzentrieren soll. Welchen Grund sollten wir haben, die korrekte Ausübung der Lehre des reinen Landes aufzugeben, die sicherstellen, dass von 100 Menschen alle 100 im westlichen Paradies wiedergeboren werden und stattdessen an den verschiedenen irrigen Ausübungen und Verhaltensweisen festhalten, die nicht einmal einen Menschen von 1000 retten können? Anhänger dieses Weges sollten sorgfältig hierüber nachdenken."
"In der Jōgen Nyūzō Roku (eine Liste der Sutras, die der Priester Yüan-chao angefertigt hatte) finden wir Aufzeichnungen darüber, dass von den 600 Bänden des Daihannya-Sutra (Großes Weisheits-Sutra) bis zum Hōjōjū-Sutra die exoterischen und esoterischen Sutras des Mahayana-Buddhismus insgesamt 637 Werke in 2 883 Bänden umfassen. All diese sollten jetzt durch das Rezitieren des einzigen Mahayana-Satzes (das Nembutsu) ersetzt werden. Ihr solltet verstehen, dass der Buddha entsprechend der Kapazität seiner mannigfaltigen Zuhörer eine Zeitlang die beiden Methoden der konzentrierten Meditation und der unkonzentrierten Methode (siehe Fußnote 47) lehrte. Aber später, nachdem er seine eigene Erleuchtung offenbart hatte, hörte er auf, diese beiden Methoden zu lehren. Die einzige Lehre, die, wenn einmal enthüllt, immer weiter gelehrt werden soll, ist die eine und einzige Doktrin des Nembutsu."
"Wenn jemand den Leiden von Leben und Tod schnell zu entkommen wünscht, sollte er sich mit den beiden überlegenen Lehren konfrontieren und dann all jene aufgeben, die falsch sind und seine ganze Aufmerksamkeit denen widmen, die korrekt sind."

Nichirens Kritik
Hōnen beschreibt von Donran, Dōshaku und Zendō aufgestellte Erklärungen als "schwer auszuübenden" und in Abgrenzung dazu als "leicht auszuübenden" Weg. Zum schwer auszuübenden Weg subsumierte er alle Mahayana-Sutras (auch Lotos-Sutra) und die Shingon-Schriften, zusammen mit allen Buddhas, Boddhisattvas und Gottheiten der himmlischen und menschlichen Welt. Dies alles solle nun aufgegeben, abgelegt, geschlossen und ignoriert und stattdessen nur noch das Nembutsu ausgeübt werden. Hōnen spricht von den buddhistischen Mönchen aus Indien, China und Japan als einer "Bande von Räubern". Mit dem Ignorieren der heiligen Schriften führe er die Menschen in die Irre, mit der Beleidigung der buddhistischen Mönche verleite er die Menschen zu Verleumdungen, schreibt Nichiren.
Außerdem missachte Hōnen eine Aussage in den eigenen Sutras, dass diejenigen von der Erlösung durch Amida ausgenommen würden, welche das Wahre Gesetz verleumden.
Aufgrund des Senchaku Shū soll jetzt Shakyamuni Buddha vergessen, und alle Ehre soll dem Amida Buddha zuteilwerden. Tempel, die nicht Amida Buddha geweiht sind, verfallen. Almosen werden nicht mehr den Mönchen gegeben, die kein Nembutsu rezitieren.
Außerdem scheine Hōnen die Mahayana-Texte nicht richtig zu kennen, denn er könne sie in seiner Schrift nicht genau auseinanderhalten. Außerdem repräsentieren das Lotos-Sutra und das Nirvana-Sutra das Herz der buddhistischen Doktrin, die Shakyamuni während seines Lebens gepredigt hatte.
Sogar Finger von Shayamuni-Statuen würden abgeschnitten und die Hände umgestaltet, für die Geste des Amida Buddha.
Die Zeremonie des Abschreibens der Lotos-Sutra auf dem Berg Hiei, welche 400-jährige Tradition hatte, wurde abgeschafft und an ihrer Stelle das Abschreiben der drei Amida-Sutras eingeführt.
Hōnen erfinde eigene Erklärungen und nehme von denen in den überlieferten Schriften keine Kenntnis.
Er nehme nur die drei Sutras des Reinen Landes und verwerfe alle anderen.
Die Holzblöcke, die zum Druck von Hōnens Schrift benutzt wurden, wurden beschlagnahmt und verbrannt.

Jōdō-Shin-Shū von Shinran
Sein Schüler Shinran Shōnin (1173–1263) glaubte noch stärker an die Gnade des Amida. Er deutete die Anrufung nicht als religiöse Praxis zur Erlangung der Wiedergeburt, sondern als Dankesausdruck an den Amida Buddha. Der wahre Anlass ins Reine Land einzugehen, sei nicht die Anrufung, sondern nur der Glaube an das Gelöbnis des Amida-Buddha. Der Glaube jedoch sei keine eigene "Leistung", sondern ein Geschenk des Buddha.

Er wurde zum geistigen Vater der "Wahren Schule des Reinen Landes" (Jōdō-Shinshū). Seine "Reformen" bestanden in der Aufhebung des Zölibats für die Priesterschaft, Bekämpfung esoterischer Praktiken (auch Schamanismus) und der Leugnung moralisch intendierter Handlungen als Möglichkeit, sein Karma zu verändern. Stattdessen zeigten spätere Kommentare (besonders in der Tannishō) den Willen des Amida-Buddha auf, besonders die bösen Menschen ins Reine Land zu führen, die guten kämen ja sowieso dorthin.

Er wollte keine neue Schule gründen, sondern die Lehre seines Meisters Hōnen in aller Verständlichkeit erläutern, daher shin, wahre Lehre. Dennoch wurde sie zu einer eigenen Sekte.

Seine Hauptschrift, Kyōgyōshinshō, von 1224 leitete die Abspaltung von seinem Lehrer ein. Er verfasste sie, nachdem er lange nach seiner Verbannung nach Kyoto kam, um festzustellen, dass die Lehre seines Meisters völlig fehl interpretiert in verschiedenen Tempeln kursierte. Er wollte sie mit seiner Schrift wieder zur "Wahrheit" zurückführen.

Shinrans jüngste Tochter, Kakushin-ni, führte nach seinem Tod die Schule weiter und errichtete ihm ein Grabmal, das zu einer Gedenk- und Pilgerstätte wurde. In der Folge übernahm ihr Enkelsohn Kakunyo dieses Amt und machte das Mausoleum zum Tempel Hongan-ji, der zum Zentraltempel der Jōdō-Shinshū – und unter Rennyo eines der Machtzentren des Landes – wurde.

Die Nachkommen Shinrans, die durch Heirat Familienbande mit dem Haus des Tennō und des Shōguns herstellten, übten bis ins 16. Jahrhundert eine kaum beschränkte religiöse und politische Macht aus, die allerdings den Bestrebungen zur Einigung Japans im Wege standen. 1592 nutzen die zentralistischen Kräfte einen Nachfolgestreit um den Hongan-ji in zwei Zweige zu spalten, den Nishi Hongan-ji (Westtempel) und den Higashi Hongan-ji (Osttempel).

Heute gehören zu den beiden Jōdō-Shinshū-Tempeln mehr als 10.000 Tempel in Japan und immer noch eine große Anhängerschaft: 13 Millionen Gläubige. Der Nishi Hongan-ji unterhält seit dem 19. Jahrhundert auch intensive Auslandskontakte und ist Muttertempel für die Anhänger der Jōdō-Shinshū in Europa, Australien und Lateinamerika. Die nordamerikanischen Gläubigen der Jōdō-Shinshū sagten sich im Zug des Zweiten Weltkriegs von Japan los und sind eine eigene Organisation, nämlich die "Buddhist Churches of America" bzw. die unabhängige Organisation im Staat Hawaii: "Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii". Als spirituelles Oberhaupt anerkennen sie allerdings auch den 24. Nachkommen Shinran Shonins, Seine Eminenz Koshin Ohtani, Monshu. In Europa führte Harry Pieper (1907–1978) die Lehre und Praxis der Jōdō-Shinshū ein.

Literatur
 Horst Hammitzsch: Japan-Handbuch, Stuttgart 1998.
 Kodansha: Encyclopedia of Japan, Tokyo 1983.
 Nichiren Daishonin: Die Gosho. Band 2, Walldorf 1991 (Rissho Ankoku Ron)

Buddhismus in Japan
Kamakura-Zeit
Buddhistische Schule

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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"A Love So Beautiful" To Have a Korean Remake
By addy on July 3, 2020 in Chinese Drama, Korean Drama, NEWS, TV Dramas
Chinese drama A Love So Beautiful <致我们单纯的小美好> will be getting the remake treatment by Korea.
Starring Hu Yitian (胡一天) and Shen Yue (沈月), A Love So Beautiful was based on the novel of the same name written by Zhao Qianqian (赵乾乾) The drama, which centers on a high school romance, aired on Tencent Video in late 2017 to rave reviews. It was also responsible for shooting Hu Yitian and Shen Yue to instant fame.
On July 1, Korean media reported that Kakao M has purchased the rights to remake the drama into a Korean miniseries. While the lead cast has not been decided yet, fans have some strong opinions on who they want to play Jiang Chen (Hu Yitian) and Chen Xiaoxi (Shen Yue). Check out their most popular picks:
Astro's Cha Eun Woo
A rising force within the K-drama sphere, the 23-year-old's claim to fame was 2018's Gangnam Beauty, his first leading role in television. He has been voted as one of Korea's most beautiful idols, and one of Korea's most popular male idols on Instagram in 2019. Cha Eun Woo debuted as an actor in 2013, and in 2016, he debuted as a member of the K-pop band Astro.
SF9's Rowoon
While Rowoon debuted as a member of SF9 in 2016, his leading performance in the 2019 MBC drama Extraordinary You solidified the 23-year-old as a rising actor. His popularity exploded following the drama's broadcast. He will also be starring alongside 29-year-old actress Won Jin A in an upcoming drama Sunbae, Don't Put On That Lipstick.
Lee Jae Wook
Best known for his debut performance as Marco in the 218 television drama Memories of the Alhambra, the 22-year-old also starred alongside Rowoon in Extraordinary You. In just three years' time, Jae Wook starred in Search: WWW, Extraordinary You, and When the Weather is Fine, all to spectacular success. It is no surprise to see him being one of the most popular picks to star as Jiang Chen in the A Love So Beautiful remake.
Kim Hye Yoon is best known for starring Sky Castle, which is the second highest-rated television drama in Korean cable history. She also co-starred Rowoon and Lee Jae Wook in Extraordinary You, so it isn't a surprise to see the 23-year-old appear on this list.
Kim So Hyun
Born in 1999, Kim So Hyun has over 13 years of acting experience and is one of Korea's most prolific child actresses. Known as the "Nation's Little Sister", So Hyun has a versatile repertoire, from musicals, to historical dramas, to sitcoms. Fans will be delighted if Kim So Hyun gets cast to play Chen Xiaoxi, as she definitely has the acting chops for the role.
The 30-year-old actress trended after YouTube blocked the comments section of her video, as YouTube had mistakenly identified her as underage. Since January, YouTube has been closing the comments section of channels run by children in order to prevent the spread of private information.
Park Bo Young's youthful face definitely hasn't gone unnoticed by the fans, so seeing her play the high school student Chen Xiaoxi won't be out of place at all.
Besides the above six artistes, fans have fancasted Nam Joo Hyuk, NCT's Jaehyun, Kim Seul Gi, and Kim Sae Ron.
Source: Beauty321
This article is written by Addy for JayneStars.com.
TAGS: A Love So Beautiful, Cha Eun Woo, Chinese drama, Hu Yitian, Kakao M, Kim Hye Yoon, Kim So Hyun, Lee Jae Wook, Park Bo Young, Rowoon, Shen Yue
JayneStars Media LLC reserves all copyrights. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. By using the JayneStars website, you accept and agree to our Terms and Conditions of Use.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Our vision is "More life in sustainable cities" and that is what we aim for every day. We develop sustainable cities that take into account the needs of both people and the environment. Sustainable cities are comfortable to live in, connections with public transportation are good and every-day services are easily accessible.
Our biggest impact towards our stakeholders is through our products and services. But beside that, we take good care of our own operations and make sure that we are a responsible member of the society.
Our cooperation and sponsoring are guided by our mission and values. Read more about cooperation and sponsoring.
Last year Finland celebrated its 100th anniversary. In the year of celebration, YIT inspired Finns to join hands in developing the yard area of the future, offering assistance for making yard areas more appealing with small good deeds and donating one yard area of the future for public use.
Our gift to 100 years old Finland was a diverse collection of gifts, the largest of them consisting of the 100 Good Deeds project. Throughout the year of celebration, we offered our assistance in increasing the comfort and communality of yard areas. This year we are continuing to offer our help in small repairs, lending equipment or tools, refreshing the appearance of a yard, increasing safety, or guidance and counselling.


text:
Trump Turns Philadelphia Eagles Event Into 'Celebration Of America'
President Trump sings during a "Celebration of America" event on the South Lawn of the White House on Tuesday. Evan Vucci/AP hide caption
Evan Vucci/AP
President Trump sings during a "Celebration of America" event on the South Lawn of the White House on Tuesday.
There was God Bless America, but no Swoop the Eagle. The U.S. Marine Band was there, but neither quarterback Nick Foles, nor head coach Doug Pederson, nor any member of the 2018 Super Bowl winning team was at the White House Tuesday for what was to be a celebration of the Philadelphia Eagles victory.
Instead, the team's fans gathered on the South Lawn heard a selection of patriotic songs, after President Trump dis-invited the team, when it became apparent only a handful of players were likely to show up to the event, as another battle in the unending culture wars played out over social media.
On Monday night, Trump tweeted that after being invited to the White House, "only a small number of players decided to come and we canceled the event." Then apparently referring to the NFL's new policy of allowing players to remain in the locker room during the playing of the national anthem rather allowing them to take a knee in protest on the field, Trump said "Staying in the locker room for the playing of our National Anthem is as disrespectful to our country as kneeling. Sorry!"
The Philadelphia Eagles Football Team was invited to the White House. Unfortunately, only a small number of players decided to come, and we canceled the event. Staying in the Locker Room for the playing of our National Anthem is as disrespectful to our country as kneeling. Sorry!
Several players, following the lead of former San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick have taken a knee to protest the recent spate of shootings involving police and black men along with other issues — which Trump has seized on, seeing a political opportunity in this midterm year.
But, significantly, none of the Eagles took a knee in protest during the 2017 season. Eagles player Malcolm Jenkins did, however, engage in a raised-fist protest at points during the 2017 season and, at one point, Jenkins was joined by Rodney McLeod and the two men were supported by fellow Eagle Chris Long. Jenkins and McLeod are black and Long is white.
Philadelphia Eagles' Chris Long (56), Malcolm Jenkins (27) and Rodney McLeod (23) gesture during the national anthem before an NFL game against the Arizona Cardinals on Oct. 8, 2017, in Philadelphia. Matt Rourke/AP hide caption
Philadelphia Eagles' Chris Long (56), Malcolm Jenkins (27) and Rodney McLeod (23) gesture during the national anthem before an NFL game against the Arizona Cardinals on Oct. 8, 2017, in Philadelphia.
The NFL Players Association tweeted Tuesday morning it was "disappointed" in the president's decision, and that "NFL players love their country, support our troops, give back to their communities and strive to make America a better place."
At Tuesday's event, which Trump called "even bigger than we had anticipated," he said that "we stand to honor our military, and to honor our country, and to remember our fallen heroes who never made it back home."
Trump added, "we stand to honor our fellow citizens, and our magnificent Constitution," overlooking, perhaps, the First Amendment which protects various rights associated with protesting.
White House press secretary Sarah Sanders said Tuesday just prior to the White House event that "the vast majority of the Eagles team decided to abandon their fans." She also called the apparent decision of many of the team's players not to attend the event with Trump "a political stunt by the Eagles organization."


Total Builders Merchants value sales to roofers, builders and contractors in Quarter 4 were up 3.1% compared with Q4 2017, helped by top-performing category Timber & Joinery Products (+6.1%). The fourth quarter Builders Merchant Building Index was 110.6. Plumbing Heating & Electrical (128.1) did best, with Timber & Joinery (114.7) also doing well.
Overall merchants' sales in December 2018 were 1.0% higher than in December 2017. Four categories did better, including Timber & Joinery (+2.7%), the second-largest category.
Merchants' sales in 2018 as a whole were 3.8% higher than in 2017. Four categories were stronger, led by Plumbing Heating & Electrical (+7.1%), with Timber & Joinery Products (+7.0%) just behind.
Paul Owen, Commercial Director Distribution IKO PLC and BMBI's Expert for Roofing Products said: "Roofing product sales were strong in the last three months of 2018, with sales ahead of Q4 2017. Merchants and independent roofing distributers did particularly well. This overall positive picture however covers a broad range of performances in different areas.
"In some regions – particularly in the key regional cities of Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester and Belfast – there has been a lot of major construction activity. The Deloitte Real Estate Regional Crane Survey, which monitors construction activity saw a sustained or increased level of development across a range of sectors including offices, residential, hotels, retail, education and student housing.
"Housing repair maintenance and improvement (RMI) activity was also up on Q4 2017 and on Q3 2018. Some main contractors have reported difficulties in hiring roofers – an indication of a busy market and the continuing skills shortage. Minimal winter weather disruption also contributed to roofing contractors increased output.
"Mid-sized roofing contractors report that surveys and enquiry levels are also up on the same period of 2017, giving some reassurance that despite uncertainty, clients are continuing to plan new projects.


Sheet Separator -- SS Series | from Magnetic Products Inc.
MPI's Standard Sheet Separators (SS Series) meet the needs of demanding manufacturing environments. They are designed to improve productivity and employee safety in sheet handling operations. These magnets can also provide significant benefits in reducing costs by eliminating "doubles" when handling oily, sticky, or pre-finished sheet stock in an automated stamping, forming, or shearing operations.
SS-Series Sheet Separators utilize the basic laws of magnetic "like poles" repelling characteristics in their use and operation. By inducing "like" magnetic fields into a stack of steel sheets or plates, repelling forces are created from sheet to sheet, forcing them to separate from each other.


text:
"Микрофон је ваш" је југословенски ТВ музички филм из 1963, године који је режирап Александар Ђорђевић.

Улоге

|-
|Властимир Ђуза Стојиљковић || Конферансије
|-
|Љубиша Бачић ||
|-
|Мића Орловић ||
|-
|Дубравка Нешовић ||
|-
|Михајло Бата Паскаљевић ||
|-
|Василија Радојчић ||
|-
|Олга Станисављевић ||
|}

Спољашње везе

Југословенски филмови
Српски филмови
Филмови 1963.
Телевизијски филмови
Српски телевизијски филмови
Српске телевизијске комедије
Српски телевизијски музички филмови
Филмске комедије


text:
Chemists offer more evidence of RNA as the origin of life
by Bob Yirka , Phys.org
This is a computer graphic of an RNA molecule. Credit: Richard Feldmann/Wikipedia
(Phys.org)—A team of chemists at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich has shown how the purines adenine and guanine can be synthesized easily and in reasonable yields, offering more evidence that RNA could have served as the origin of life on Earth. In their paper published in the journal Science, the team describes the process they took in looking for evidence that RNA could have been the first self-replicating molecule that eventually led to all life on our planet and what they found.
For several years many scientists have supported the idea that life got its start on our planet due to a series of events that led to the creation of RNA molecules—it seems like a strong candidate because it is able to both store information and act as a catalyst. To bolster the theory, scientists have been trying to show under what conditions RNA might have come about based on the conditions that existed on early Earth. In the early going, researchers found it relatively easy to show how two of the four main building blocks in RNA, uracil and cytosine, could have come about, but showing how the other two, adenine and guanine, might have come about has been problematic. In this new effort the research team describes a scenario under with both might have come about given conditions at the time that life is believed to have got its start.
The team started by extending prior research that had shown that a molecule called formamidopyrimidine can react under certain conditions to form purines—they discovered that adding acid to an amine (which the team showed could have come about very easily from plentiful carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen) allowed for a reaction that led to the formation of a purine and that it would easily bond with formic acid, which recent research has shown is plentiful on comets—that means it could have met with existing purines if a comet crashed into the planet at the right place. Once that happened, the resultant reactions would have led to forging bonds with sugars which would have resulted in the creation of large amounts of purines, including adenine and guanine—thus all of the necessary ingredients would have been in place for the creation of RNA molecules, setting the stage for the development of living organisms.
Missing links brewed in primordial puddles?
More information: S. Becker et al. A high-yielding, strictly regioselective prebiotic purine nucleoside formation pathway, Science (2016). DOI: 10.1126/science.aad2808
The origin of life is believed to have started with prebiotic molecules reacting along unidentified pathways to produce key molecules such as nucleosides. To date, a single prebiotic pathway to purine nucleosides had been proposed. It is considered to be inefficient due to missing regioselectivity and low yields. We report that the condensation of formamidopyrimidines (FaPys) with sugars provides the natural N-9 nucleosides with extreme regioselectivity and in good yields (60%). The FaPys are available from formic acid and aminopyrimidines, which are in turn available from prebiotic molecules that were also detected during the Rosetta comet mission. This nucleoside formation pathway can be fused to sugar-forming reactions to produce pentosides, providing a plausible scenario of how purine nucleosides may have formed under prebiotic conditions.
© 2016 Phys.org
Citation: Chemists offer more evidence of RNA as the origin of life (2016, May 13) retrieved 18 January 2021 from https://phys.org/news/2016-05-chemists-evidence-rna-life.html
Is the number of significant figures of molar volume at STP (22.7 L/mol) considered?
Is percent yield based on grams or moles?
Radioactivity and the Periodic Table
Applying desiccant to surfaces (aluminum sheet or PLA/PETG)
Interpreting Energy diagrams for polyatomic molecules
Internal energy vs Enthalpy
More from Chemistry
Did comets kick-start life on Earth? Chemists find missing piece of puzzle
Chemists claim to have solved riddle of how life began on Earth
Jumping hurdles in the RNA world
Scientists say the 'R' in RNA may be abundant in space
New Study Brings Scientists Closer to the Origin of RNA
Research breaks new ground in understanding how a molecular motor generates force
Using electricity to increase the amount of data that can be stored by DNA
Cracking the code of a shapeshifting protein
Expanding the boundaries of carbon dioxide fixation
High-speed atomic force microscopy visualizes cell protein factories
Heat treatment may make chemotherapy more effective


Today became more than usually complex, because Julie had a nasty sore throat, but no fever. After considerable deliberation, Gretchen finally took her to the clinic, where they diagnosed her with a mild case of strep. This was not a surprise, given that Katie is still finishing up her antibiotics.
So now, it's antibiotics for Julie. At least, it will be as soon as we can manage to get them from the pharmacy.


Minted has a few of my paintings for sale as art prints in various sizes. You can check out my shop to see these and holiday card options.
I've recently been adding a LOT more goodies to my Society6 shop! It's so fun to create everything from iphone cases to pillow covers. And, having purchased both an iphone case and a pillow cover, I am so pleased with how they turn out!
My art print 'Think Pink' is being sold not only Minted, but Domino.com.
I've added quite a few new prints to my etsy shop the past month or so. And this year, I'm also offering a limited edition calendar!
So keep your eyes peeled for sales coming up soon!
And thank you so much for supporting my creative business!


text:
/* uartDebugServer.c
 *
 * This program receives debugging bytes from each node via a UDP socket,
 * and save them into a log file that can be parsed later by uartDebugParser.c.
 * If a state-event table is included, it will display debugging message
 * on the screen. Otherwise it will only display raw data.
 *
 * To use this program, you need to connect each mote to a PC, and run
 * uartByte.c on the PC. On the mote side, you need to define UART_DEBUG_ENABLE
 * and include uartDebug.h in the component you want to debug.
 *
 * Author: Wei Ye (USC/ISI)
 * Date: 03/10/2003
 *
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>

// if debug another component, comment out following line
// or include a corresponding debug table
#include "smacDebugTab.h"

#define MYPORT 5322    // the port users will be connecting to

#define MAXBUFLEN 100

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
   int sockfd;
   struct sockaddr_in my_addr;    // my address information
   struct sockaddr_in their_addr; // connector's address information
   int addr_len, numbytes, i;
   char buf[MAXBUFLEN];
   // time stamping
   long startTime;  // starting time in second
   time_t timep;
   struct timeval sTime;
   struct timeval timeStamp;
   long totalTime;
   uint8_t nodeId, days, hours, minutes, seconds, milisec;
   FILE *logFile;
   char* logFileName;
   char saveTime;

   if (argc == 2) {
      saveTime = 0;
      if (strncmp(argv[1], "-", 1) == 0) {
         printf("Error: no log file specified.\n");
         exit(1);
      }
      logFileName = argv[1];
   } else if (argc == 3) {
      if (strcmp(argv[1], "-t")) {
         printf("Wrong option: %s\n", argv[1]);
         exit(1);
      }
      saveTime = 1;
      logFileName = argv[2];
   } else {
      printf("Usage: uartDebugServer [-t] logFile\n");
      printf("Options: -t save timestamp\n");
      exit(1);
   }

   if ((logFile = fopen(logFileName, "w")) == NULL) {
      printf("Error: can't open log file %s.\n", logFileName);
      exit(1);
   }

   // record starting time
   printf("Logs are saved to %s \n", logFileName);
   if (saveTime) {
      printf("time-stamped\n");
      fprintf(logFile, "time-stamped\n");
   } else {
      printf("no timestamp\n");
      fprintf(logFile, "no_timestamp\n");
   }
   timep = time(NULL);
   printf("\ntest started at %s\n", ctime(&timep));
   fprintf(logFile, "test started at %s\n", ctime(&timep));
   gettimeofday(&sTime, NULL);  // record starting time
   startTime = sTime.tv_sec;

   if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) {
      perror("socket");
      exit(1);
   }

   my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;         // host byte order
   my_addr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT);     // short, network byte order
   my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // automatically fill with my IP
   memset(&(my_addr.sin_zero), '\0', 8); // zero the rest of the struct

   if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr,
      sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1) {
      perror("bind");
      exit(1);
   }

   addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
   // recvfrom will block if no packet arrives
   while (1) {
      if ((numbytes=recvfrom(sockfd, buf, MAXBUFLEN-1 , 0,
	     (struct sockaddr *)&their_addr, &addr_len)) == -1) {
         perror("recvfrom");
         exit(1);
      }

      // get time stamp
      gettimeofday(&timeStamp, NULL);
      totalTime = timeStamp.tv_sec - startTime; // total seconds
      seconds = (uint8_t)(totalTime % 60);
      totalTime = (totalTime - seconds) / 60;   // total minutes
      minutes = (uint8_t)(totalTime % 60);
      totalTime = (totalTime - minutes) / 60;   // total hours
      //hours = (uint8_t)(totalTime % 24);
      //days = (uint8_t)(totalTime - hours) / 24; // total days
      hours = (uint8_t)(totalTime);
      milisec = (uint16_t)(timeStamp.tv_usec/10000);

      //nodeId = *((uint8_t*)(&their_addr.sin_addr.s_addr) + 3) - 40; // for ISI
      nodeId = *((uint8_t*)(&their_addr.sin_addr.s_addr) + 3);

      printf("Node %d at %02d:%02d:%02d.%02d\n",
            nodeId, hours, minutes, seconds, milisec);
      if (saveTime) {
         fprintf(logFile, "%d %d %d %d %d\n",
            nodeId, hours, minutes, seconds, milisec);
      } else {
         fprintf(logFile, "%d\n", nodeId);
      }
      fprintf(logFile, "%d\n", numbytes);

      // print out debugging info
      for(i = 0; i < numbytes; i++){
         uint8_t msgNo = (uint8_t)buf[i];
#ifdef STATE_EVENT
         if (msgNo >= sizeof(stateEvent)) exit(1);
         printf("   %s\n", stateEvent[msgNo]);
#else
         printf("   %d\n", msgNo);
#endif
         fprintf(logFile, "%d\n", msgNo);
      }
      printf("\n");
      fprintf(logFile, "\n");
      fflush(logFile);
   }
   close(sockfd);
   fclose(logFile);

   return 0;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A post about simple JUnit tests. Unit testing is necessary, but reduce its volume (source test) is always interresting … it reduces development and maintenance tasks (code analyzer tools are your best friends). We need tools : a code analyzer : PMD, and … a testing framework : JUnit.
And now, some test classes !
2nd iteration, apply JUnit4 it.
Shorter …Try/catch gone, but unreadable to such a simple case. and it's not shorter !
Try/catch gone, but unreadable to such a simple case. and it's not shorter !
Why so much effort? To reduce code size …but above all, to make each line of code so indispensable, that the developer maintaining this code and can not introduce regressions in these tests.


text:
HomeLatest NewsTottenham & Arsenal set to battle it out for AC Milan's Franck...
Transfer & Rumours
Tottenham & Arsenal set to battle it out for AC Milan's Franck Kessie
According to Calciomercato, North London rivals Arsenal and Spurs are set to rival for the signature of AC Milan midfielder Franck Kessie.
Kessie joined AC Milan on a two-year loan deal from Atalanta in 2017 and took time to adjust in Milan but eventually found his feet, which forced the club to sign him on a permanent deal at the end of his loan spell in 2019.
The Ivorian has now become an integral member of Stefano Paoli's squad making 17 appearances this season, scoring four goals. Milan have no interest in selling their star asset and are hopeful of tying him down to a new contract. However, they will be forced to sell him, should the player demand a move.
Milan plan to ward off any potential suitors by slapping a £45 million price tag on the 44-capped Ivorian International. He would have been available for half that amount this summer but his recent displays have boosted the player's valuation.
Kessie's contract with AC Milan currently runs only till 2022, so any potential suitors can acquire his services at a cut price. Arsenal look to be the more desperate of the two clubs with their search for a midfielder to partner Thomas Partey in the center of the park while The Lilywhites do have a wealth of options in attack and defense but lack quality in midfield and signing him would be a valuable addition.
Franck Kessie
AC Milan's Gianluigi Donnarumma eyed as Hugo Lloris replacement


text:
Report says dairy sector in good heart, adjusts payout forecast upward
Angie Skerrett
The Government recently gave $7 million to boost world-leading dairy industry genetic research. Credits: Video: Newshub Image: Supplied
A new report paints a rosy picture of the dairy sector, however industry leaders are still concerned about worker shortages.
The Ministry for Primary Industries has just released its Situation and Outlook for Primary Industries report.
Opinion: Call on us when what you've got works
Fonterra increases 2018/2019 forecast payout, revises expected earnings down
In the report it said dairy export revenue is forecast to rise 5.5 percent to $17.6 billion for the year ending June 2019, up from 13.3 billion in 2016, 14.6 billion in 2017 and 16.7 billion in 2018.
It said increased milksolids production translated into higher export volumes, and a reversal of declines in key dairy commodity prices at the end of 2018 continued into 2019.
Total dairy exports for the six months ended December 2018 grew 3.8 percent to $8.7 billion compared to the previous year.
The MPI report said there continues to be strong international demand for dairy, including from China. Dairy exports to China, as our largest trading partner, are up 16.6 percent to $3.2 billion for the six months ended December 2018 compared to the previous year.
"For New Zealand's dairy farmers, the strong production, a recovery of export commodity prices, and a weaker NZD should help ease downward pressure on farm level profitability for the current season. We have accordingly adjusted our all company average farm gate milksolids payout forecast for the 2018/19 season upwards to $6.41 (including dividend)," it said.
A skills shortage is a concern for the dairy industry, said DairyNZ's Tim Mackle. Photo credit: Supplied
DairyNZ chief executive Dr Tim Mackle said it was great to see the acknowledgement of the huge part that the dairy sector plays in the economy.
However he highlighted the shortage of labour as an issue for the sector.
"To continue to achieve stellar results like this and to farm well, we need to have sufficient skilled and passionate people in the dairy sector," he said.
"At present, we have skills shortages and need more people with the necessary skills and education to help us continue to drive the sector forward and deliver benefits for New Zealanders and the economy, " said Dr Mackle.
He said the dairy sector needs around 5000 new people each year.
"It is critical that while there are not enough New Zealanders to fill vacancies that the sector can have access to migrant employees."
"Migrant employees are valued members of our farm teams. We want to work with the government to ensure that businesses can plan knowing they have certainty of labour supply."


text:
Yoruba language
one of a small group of languages that comprise the Yoruboid cluster of the Defoid subbranch of the Benue-Congo branch (Benue-Congo languages) of the Niger-Congo language family. The other Yoruboid languages include Igala and Itsekiri. Yoruba is spoken by more than 20 million people in southwestern Nigeria and parts of Benin and Togo. It is also used widely as a second language in this area. There are many Yoruba dialects, but the translation of the Bible by a Yoruba speaker, Bishop Samuel Crowther (Crowther, Samuel), in 1884 led to the development of a standard written Yoruba that has been widely adopted across the dialects. There is a substantial body of literature in the Yoruba language, including books, newspapers, and pamphlets. One of the best-known Yoruba writers is Amos Tutuola (Tutuola, Amos), whose work has been translated into many languages. Yoruba is used in radio and television broadcasting and is taught at primary, secondary, and university levels.
John T. Bendor-Samuel
Yoruba states
Yoruba language — Yorùbá èdèe Yorùbá Spoken in Nigeria … Wikipedia
Yoruba people — Yoruba Kwara State drummers Total population Over 30 million (est.)[1] Regions with significant populations … Wikipedia
Yoruba (Sprache) — Yoruba Gesprochen in Nigeria, Benin, Togo Sprecher über 30 Millionen Linguistische Klassifikation Niger Kongo Sprachen Benue Kongo Sprachen Defoide Sprachen … Deutsch Wikipedia
Yoruba literature — is the spoken and written literature of the Yoruba people, the largest ethno linguistic group in Nigeria, and in Africa. The Yorùbá language is spoken in Nigeria, Benin, and Togo, as well as in dispersed Yoruba communities throughout the world.… … Wikipedia
Yoruba — may refer to: * Yoruba people, a West African ethnic group * Yoruba language, the language spoken by the Yoruba people * Yoruba religion, the traditional religion of the Yoruba people * Orisha, a component of the Yoruba religionee also*Ife … Wikipedia
Yoruba name — Yoruba names are primarily used by the Yoruba people and Yoruba language speaking individuals in both Nigeria and the Nigerian diaspora.Naming ceremoniesBy custom, Yoruba children are named in a ceremony that takes place eight days after the… … Wikipedia
Yoruba — Yoruban, adj. /yawr euh beuh, yohr /, n., pl. Yorubas, (esp. collectively) Yoruba for 1. 1. a member of a numerous West African coastal people. 2. the language of the Yoruba, a Kwa language. * * * One of Nigeria s three largest ethnic groups,… … Universalium
Yoruba (langue) — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Yoruba. Article connexe : Yorubas. Yoruba yorùbá Parlée au … Wikipédia en Français
Yoruba Wikipedia — Infobox website name = Yoruba Wikipedia caption = url = http://yo.wikipedia.org/ commercial = No location = Miami, Florida type = Internet encyclopedia project language = Yoruba registration = Optional owner = Wikimedia Foundation author = Yoruba … Wikipedia
Yoruba — [yō′ro͞o bə, yō′ro͞obä΄] n. 1. pl. Yorubas or Yoruba a member of a people of SW Nigeria and neighboring regions 2. the language of this people, a tone language of the Niger Congo subfamily adj. of the Yorubas or their language or culture Yoruban… … English World dictionary


text:
Home2019-2020Issue 12Working WU students
Issue 12, Lifestyles
author: TheCollegain_SL
Working WU students
Olivia Frenkel, Staff Writer
As we all know, higher education is not cheap. Books and tuition along with room and board, food and transportation come with costs that tend to add up very quickly as the years go on. The most common way to combat these expenses as a student is through part-time jobs.
Willamette offers many different on-campus employment opportunities, such as working for the Bistro or writing for the Collegian. The variety of jobs are seemingly endless. Students like Jordan Edner ('23) and Corrine Pierson ('22) are able to use their past work skills here at Willamette. Both currently work as lifeguards at Sparks Pool and have enjoyed their experiences.
"I've been a lifeguard before so I applied on Handshake and interviewed with the head lifeguard, Colin Hakeman ('20), and then I got the job!" says Edner. "The pool generally isn't too busy, so it's pretty easy work."
The accessibility of on-campus jobs makes working much easier for students. For example, the Bearcat Chat team works in the basement of Smullin Hall, contacting Willamette Alumni for donations and keeping them informed about the school's many endeavors and events. "Our work days are from six to nine, so it never interferes with school work or really any other activities," said Jenna Harris ('23).
In addition to accessibility, many jobs are convenient in that they relate to students' majors and intended career paths. Exercise and Health major Alex Hogan ('20) has worked in the Sparks training room for the last year and a half. "One could say that I'm the gatekeeper of the training room," he said, "Which just means that I make sure everyone signs in and gets helped, but I also do minor treatments."
Off campus jobs are just as common. Layla Hughes ('23) works 20 to 30 hours per week at Starbucks. "My favorite part about it so far is getting to know the people who live around Salem," she said. It's really nice to have the extra money for going out with friends."
Students also frequently fill retail jobs. Mercedes Hamilton ('23) has worked at Kohl's for the last five months and has enjoyed it thus far. "I'm usually scheduled both weekend days, so I occasionally take Saturday off so I can relax for a day," said Hamilton. "But my coworkers are awesome, so it's a lot of fun."
Aside from classic food and beverage or retail jobs, other students like Bryan Peck ('20) have filled other less traditional but equally interesting jobs. Peck has recently been working as a caretaker for three foster children. "I generally guide them through their day and cook them dinner," he said. "All three have different mental disabilities, so I'm there to make sure that they have everything they could possibly need throughout the day."
Similarly, Anna Jones ('22) works as a babysitter for a family who lives in Salem. "My hours vary week to week, depending on how busy the family is, but it's generally very flexible."
In addition to financial relief, working throughout college has many other benefits, including work experience and gaining transferable skills such as accountability, communication and patience. Interpersonal expertise, or learning how to communicate with different personalities, is essential to being successful in the workforce later in life and will increase an individual's employability. In addition to gained skills, part-time jobs allow individuals to network and gain connections with the people you work with, which may be helpful regardless of whether or not that job is within the individual's career path.
Working through school is a rewarding addition to the college experience. Willamette makes it simple for students to find a variety of jobs on and off campus through Handshake. Handshake is accessible through the Willamette Portal, so if you are looking for easily accessible work, be sure to log in!
onfrenkel@willamette.edu
How to combat Seasonal Affective Disorder
Weekly Report by Campus Safety
Resources and tips to make it through finals
'Tis the season to explore Salem's winter and holiday events
2019-2020, Issue 13, Lifestyles
Issue 12, News
Students write cannabis social equity bill
Closing of Salem shopping staple surprises employees and customers
WU draws conclusions from first alumni survey


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Posts matching tags 'republic'
The South African capital, currently known as Pretoria, is being renamed to Tshwane, the name of an ancient African king, and also a word meaning something like "unity". The renaming has to do with breaking links with the old colonial white minority regime.
By the same token, perhaps when the republican debate restarts in Australia, we can expect proposals for renaming Australian cities. After all, why should cities bear the names of dead English noblemen like Viscount Sydney or Lord Melbourne (let alone areas named after imperial war heroes like Baron Collingwood)? Perhaps, if Germaine Greer's Aboriginal republic ever comes about, Sydney can be renamed to "Warrane" or similar, and other places can have similar post-colonial name changes.
¶ british empire names postcolonialism republic south africa 2
The upcoming Royal Wedding Mk. II isn't exactly looking like the finest hour in the history of the house of Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha; first it got rescheduled to a town hall or somesuch because they couldn't legally have it at the cathedral, then the Queen decided not to attend (whilst strenuously denying that her action was in any way a snub), and now it turns out that the only way that Prince Charles is going to get to marry Camilla is by invoking a European human-rights law guaranteeing the right to marriage. Which is not the most dignified state of affairs. That and the danger that the IRA may bomb the wedding to protest not being allowed to get away with the robbery they didn't commit.
Not surprisingly, the prospect of having what is becoming the World's Most Expensive Reality TV Show at the helm of state has stoked the embers of the Australian republican debate, as Graham has pointed out.
I'm not one of the year-zero republicans who believes that Australia's British colonial heritage is evil and must be repudiated like an abusive parent (after all, we did get a lot of good things from Britain; the rule of law, Westminster-style democracy, an appreciation of good tea and a sense of irony, to name four). However, an Australian head of state would be good, especially given that the present monarchy is starting to look somewhat ridiculous.
Having said that, one good thing about the monarchy is that the head of state (which, in reality, is the governor-general) is above the ebb and flow of politics, and can keep a cooler head. Replacing them with a party-political President elected every four years would lose that. Graham's idea of a purely ceremonial president is good; I have always liked the idea of making the Moomba monarch (usually a footballer, soap star or other celebrity) the purely ceremonial head of state for a year, during which they would cut ribbons and attend state occasions. However, a one-year term may be a bit too short. Recently, I have been thinking that, to get the advantage of the monarchy that it is above the cycle of politics, the head of state's term should be longer than four years. Perhaps 10- or 12-year terms would be best. This would also encourage the election of figures with more staying power than, say, some footballer or Australian Idol finalist.
As for the title of the head of state, "president" sounds too political (not to mention too reminiscent of France, the US, Italy or other horrible examples). "King" or "queen" sounds a bit silly, and "monarch" would, technically, be inaccurate as the figure would not actually rule. "Taoiseach" may appeal to the Fenian wing of the republican movement (i.e., the ones who wanted to give Australia a green flag), though most Australians would probably not be able to pronounce it. One idea would be to find a word in an Aboriginal language meaning "chieftain" or "wise person" and use that; however, now that reconciliation has been binned, that would seem somewhat patronising.
And if all else fails, we could do what Murgatroyd suggested and establish a cadet monarchy, with a lesser member of the British royal family emigrating to Australia and becoming the resident monarch.
¶ politics republic royal family uk 2
The Graun has published an extract of Germaine Greer's latest polemic, "Whitefella Jump Up". In it (originally published as a Quarterly Essay, and now reprinted by another publisher), she argues that to achieve nationhood, Australia should declare itself an Aboriginal Republic, replacing the head of state with "the Aboriginal people", and allowing anybody in Australia to call themselves "Aboriginal":
The second step in the journey is a second statement to the self in the mirror. "I was born in an Aboriginal country, therefore I must be considered Aboriginal." This is a tougher proposition, as long as Aboriginality is thought of as racial, but if we think of Aboriginality as a nationality, it suddenly becomes easier. It would not involve the assumption of a phoney ethnicity or the appropriation of the history of any particular Aboriginal people. The owners of specific dreamings would continue to be so still, and would continue to pass them on according to their law as it applies to those concerned.
Greer then goes on to argue that the Australian national character owes more to Aboriginal traditions than to the British character; that Australia's British settlers and their descendents gradually "went native" without realising it, adopting everything from the broad, nasal Australian accent to the egalitarian tradition, from backpacking and "feral" dance parties (which came from "going walkabout" and corroborees) to the tradition of telling exaggerated yarns, from the continent's first inhabitants; meanwhile, the gulf between Australia and Britain is vast:
Observers of white Australian life are struck by the degree of segregation between the sexes, which cannot be explained by the prevailing mores of the countries they came from. Aboriginal society, too, is deeply segregated; men and women are used to spending long periods in the company of their own sex. The more important the occasion and the larger the gathering, the more likely it is that women will gather in one area and men in another, just as white Australian men gather round the beer keg, leaving the women to talk among themselves. One explanation of the Australian mania for sport of all kinds is that sport is the only remaining area of human activity that is still rigorously segregated.
Funny that she mentions this, because none other than Jeremy Paxman pointed out (in his book The English: A Portrait of a People) the great degree of segregation between the sexes in English society (as compared to other European societies and/or America, undoubtedly). This has probably changed somewhat over the past few decades, though to say that Australian blokes' tendencies to watch the footy with a tinny of VB in hand while the sheilas talk in the kitchen about their kids/the last episode of Neighbors comes from Aboriginal customs of "secret (wo)men's business" seems more far-fetched than attributing it to how English society was in decades or centuries past.
¶ aborigines australia englishness germaine greer republic 5
Sentenced: Republican guerilla Gregory Anastasiou, aka Lucifer, was gaoled for five years for a campaign of arson attacks against those symbols of British colonialism and upper-class hegemony, the hedges of Melbourne's leafy inner eastern suburbs. Anastasiou previously served time for a similar series of hedge burning attacks in the 1980s, and was a cult hero of sorts, giving rise to the Hedge Burner Fan Club.
¶ crime hedge burner larrikinism melbourne republic 2
Strange bedfellows: It has emerged that, during World War 2, Scottish nationalists allied with the IRA attempted to establish an alliance with Nazi Germany, with the aim of establishing a Nazi-allied Scottish Republic in the chaos of the Blitz, (via Lev)
¶ history ira nationalism nazi republic scotland ww2 0
Republicanism: it's not just for Australians anymore. Well, maybe it is, but the Poms are making skeptical noises about the monarchy. Given that they foot the bill for maintaining it, they arguably have more right to than the Australians do. To be precise, it has been commented that the Royal Family should move to more modern (and cheaper) accomodation; among the candidates the BBC has raised are the Millennium Dome (a silly and expensive novelty in London) and Battersea Power Station (wasn't that meant to become the World's Biggest Cinema or somesuch?). As far as making the royals pay their way, there could be some ideas there. Given how the royal family is, for the most part, the world's most popular soap opera, why not sell them to Aaron Spelling or someone, or install webcams in Buckingham Palace and sell advertising on the site?
¶ republic the royal family uk 0


Nigerian superstar, D'Banj begins the year with a new impressive single dubbed "Baecation" and it features Hypertek Digital boss, 2Baba. With production credits from prolific record producer, Shizzi.
Next articleSophia Momodu And Daughter, Imade Rock Matching Attire & It's Adorable!


tions is not possible without first putting the problem into a wider con text. Consequently, before proceeding with detailed critical topical cov erage of individual biomass energy sources, uses, and effects, I will extend this preface with a few pages of rather personal reflections (I will use the same device in closing the book: after providing concise topical summaries in Chapter 8, I will conclude with some essayistic musings on renewable energetics, plants, people, and a scientist's responsibility). Interest in biomass energies is just a part of a broader global trend toward renewable energetics, a trend which has evolved speedily after the crude oil price escalation started in 1973. Yet one must be reminded that for the rich countries fossil fuels are, and for a long period shall remain, the foundation of an affluent civilization, while throughout the poor world the reliance of most people on biomass energies for everyday subsistence has brought many damaging environmental and social ef fects; that the reality of sharp price rises for crude oil (actually not so sharp once adjusted for inflation) should not be misconstrued as an "energy crisis"; that the rise of renew abies and the claims made on their behalf by countless enthusiasts look so much better on paper than in reality; and that the potential of biomass energies, an essential ingre dient of renewable scenarios, has been judged more with proselytizing zeal than with critical detachment.


Net Health first adopted Scrum in 2014 to aid in the completion of two large software development projects and remove the burden of an exhaustive initial requirements phase, thanks to the iterative nature of Scrum. Prior to implementing Scrum, the company utilized a Waterfall Approach, which did not include iterative or integrated development. This led to inaccurate timeline prediction and fixed-scope releases, driving their need and desire to switch to Scrum.


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This Panda bookmark is one of my favourite bookmarks!!
He is made from thin plywood sourced from sustainable sources. He measures 15 cm head to foot and 4 cm at his widest point.
A great gift for a book and Panda lover.


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Erica Mena Threatens K.Michelle In Radio Interview
Love & Hip Hop: Angry Bird Erica Mena Goes HAM On K.Michelle And Threatens To "Kill Her Off"
Posted on November 6, 2013	 - By Bossip Staff
Erica needs help…
Via S2S Magazine reports:
Erica Mena and K.Michelle have been keeping their distance as cast members on "Love & Hip Hop: New York," but Erica is more than ready for an in-person meeting.
"I haven't really had the pleasure of going face-to-face with her," Erica told DjsDoingWork.com. "She has a lot to say about me, but she's scared to shoot with me."
The two ladies took to Twitter earlier this year and publicly shared their disdain for one another. Erica claims that K.Michelle has gone so far as to refuse to tape scenes with her, and it doesn't seem like their relationship has improved.
According to Erica, K.Michelle's ego is to blame. The R&B singer was just added to the "LHHNY" cast after first being introduced to TV audiences on the franchise's "ATL" series. K.Michelle is also in line to get her own series.
"She's coming from out of nowhere. Now, all of a sudden she has some harsh opinions about me, and she doesn't even know me…Right now, she's just feelin' her own $h!t," said Erica who cautioned the Tennessee native that her hometown customs might not translate the same in the Big Apple.
"In the Concrete Jungle, there's definitely no Southern hospitality," said Erica who hinted that a confrontation between the two women might not end well for K.
"Anyone who's gotten in a fight with me doesn't last. I'm starting to feel like I have these secret powers where I get to kill people off one by one," she said.
Is "the goat" threatening to deflate K.Michelle's fake cakes? Mona Scott better keep the cameras rolling because it looks like the drama is still heating up! Hit the flip to peep the entire interview with Erica next…
Categories: Catch Fade, Did You Know, For Discussion


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PLAYING TO WIN
By isport
Even though the MLS club LA Galaxy will consider a draw against Herediano in the CONCACAF Champions League quarterfinals to be a great result, the manager Bruce Arena has said that his team will not play for one.
He intends to aim for a victory prior to the start of the match. The first match of the MLS season ended in a 4-0 victory for LA Galaxy over Chicago Fire. They will now be taking on the Costa Rican team Herediano in the quarter-finals of the CONCACAF Champions League. The first leg will be away from home for the MLS club.
As a result, a draw has been seen as a great result for the team since it would allow them to make use of the home advantage and claim a victory in the second leg. Arena has said that he will be playing his strongest team because the club does not have any matches during the weekend to worry about. The manager has been using his reserve teams in the group stages of the competition especially the match against Puerto Rico Islanders. The return leg will be taking place in just over a week. Getting a victory against Herediano will certainly not be easy, as they have a very strong defence.
"Right now, we don't have a game this weekend. We can play whomever we want and not have to be concerned about that for this game. We're certainly going to try to put a team out on the field that can win this game, no doubt about it. What we think is our first team. I'm worried about just getting through this game and seeing if we can get out of here safely, and get home and then worry about whatever we have to worry about then," said Arena.
isport


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Volume X - Issue #92
US Dept. of Defense Bars Use of Removable Data Storage Devices to Halt Worm's Spread
McColo Shutdown Hurt Some Botnets
Healthcare Workers in UK and US Not Taking Adequate Security Precautions with Data
Canadian Telecom Regulator Says Bell Canada's Traffic Throttling OK
ARRESTS, CHARGES & CONVICTIONS
Teen Hacker Admits Wrongdoing
College Student Charged in Alleged eMail Hacking and Attempted Extortion
Mass. Data Protection Regulation Compliance Deadline Pushed Back Five Months
UK Information Commissioner Seeks Authority to Impose Increased Fines
COPYRIGHT, PIRACY & DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT
Australian ISP Sued for Allegedly Allowing Illegal Filesharing
DATA LOSS & EXPOSURE
British National Party Membership List Posted to Internet
IT Staff Still Working to Address Malware on London Hospital Systems
STUDIES AND STATISTICS
Survey: Many Irish eCommerce Websites Lack Strong Data Protection
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Technology leaders from more than 200 utilities, manufacturers, and other control systems users are meeting in Orlando to get early access to recently discovered proof of critical vulnerabilities in new metering systems, in serial communications, and other previously trusted technologies, AND on what they can do now to protect their control systems. They'll also learn from Public Utility Commissioners what it takes to get security expenditures into the rate base, and what works in CIP auditing and compliance. Also at the Summit: free classes funded by DHS, and paid SANS hands-on, in-depth courses on hacker exploits, penetration testing, security management and more. This is the annual meeting where, in 2008, the CIA first disclosed they had data on multi-city power outages caused by remote hackers. If you work in security of control systems, don't miss this meeting; Orlando, early February: http://www.sans.org/info/35719
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US Dept. of Defense Bars Use of Removable Data Storage Devices to Halt Worm's Spread (November 19, 2008)
To halt the spread of a worm through US Department of Defense computer systems, the commander of US Strategic Command has banned the use of all removable data storage devices, including USB drives, CDs and flash media cards. The ban affects both secret and unclassified networks. The malware infecting the computers is called Agent.btz, a variant of the SillyFDC worm. It spreads by copying itself onto USB drives and other removable data storage devices and infecting the next device they are attached to. Devices that are the personal property of employees or that are not authorized will not ever be permitted to be used on department computers; some department USB drives may be approved after they have been properly vetted. Internet Storm Center Diary:
-http://isc.sans.org/diary.html?storyid=5384
-http://blog.wired.com/defense/2008/11/army-bans-usb-d.html
[Editor's Note (Pescatore): Agent.btz has been on anti-malware blacklists since late June. Whatever the DoD desktops are using for anti-malware protection should be looked at before mass bans of portable media are put in place. ]
McColo Shutdown Hurt Some Botnets (November 18, 2008)
The shutdown last week of web hosting company McColo resulted in the disabling of an estimated 500,000 PCs infected with bot malware. The computers themselves still work, but the malware that had been placed on them can no longer communicate with command-and-control servers. McColo's upstream service providers disconnected the hosting company at the behest of researchers who said the company's services were enabling significant amount of cybercrime. When McColo went offline, two major botnets, Srizbi and Rustock, were put out of action as well. Rustock is unlikely to recover the lost bots, as they have no backup plan coded into the malware; Srizbi's bots, however, are instructed to check other domains names if they cannot connect to the primary server.
-http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxo
nomyName=Security&articleId=9120727&taxonomyId=17&pageNumber=1
[Editor's Note (Honan): Earlier this year, the Dutch police used a botnet that they had busted to warn victims that their PCs were infected. It would be interesting to see if the same technique can be used again to warn these victims Internet Storm Center:
-http://www.computerworlduk.com/management/security/cybercrime/news/index.cfm?new
sid=10427]
Healthcare Workers in UK and US Not Taking Adequate Security Precautions with Data (November 20, 2008)
A survey of 1,000 healthcare workers in the UK and the US found that more than one-third store sensitive patient data on portable data storage devices, including laptop computers, Blackberrys and USB sticks. One-fifth of respondents said they stored data on their personal devices to transport the information. One-third of those responding said they use passwords as the only form of data protection. Six percent of UK respondents said they use no data protection at all; in the US, that figure is 18 percent. Of the UK workers, 56 percent use strong data protection methods, including encryption, two-factor authentication, biometrics and smart cards. Among US respondents, just 23 percent use strong data protection methods.
-http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2230989/healthcare-workers-putting
Canadian Telecom Regulator Says Bell Canada's Traffic Throttling OK (November 20, 2008)
The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) has denied a complaint filed by the Canadian Association of Internet Providers (CAIP) asking that CRTC stop Bell Canada from throttling certain types of Internet traffic. Bell Canada admits that it has slowed traffic from peer-to-peer (P2P) filesharing websites during peak Internet traffic hours. The company also acknowledged that it uses deep packet inspection. CRTC said that "CAIP has not demonstrated that Bell Canada's methodology for determining congestion in the network is inappropriate." The finding contrasts with recent similar issues in the US involving Comcast's use of selective traffic throttling.
-http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2335133,00.asp
-http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20081120.wcrtc1120/BNStory/Te
chnology/?cid=al_gam_nletter_techweekly
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Teen Hacker Admits Wrongdoing (November 18 & 19, 2008)
A teenage hacker from Massachusetts, who uses the online name "Dshocker," has pleaded guilty to charges of computer intrusion, interstate threats and wire fraud. According to prosecutors, the 16-year-old, who was unnamed in accordance with federal law, broke into multiple computer systems, recruited computers into botnets, spoofed emergency phone calls to elicit SWAT responses, and made fraudulent purchases with stolen credit card information. The defendant has agreed to an 11-month sentence to be served at a juvenile detention facility, although he has not yet been formally sentenced. If he had been tried as an adult, he could have faced up to 10 years in prison, five years of supervised release and a US $250,000 fine.
-http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/11/19/dshocker_pleads_guilty/
-http://www.cybercrime.gov/dshockerPlea.pdf
College Student Charged in Alleged eMail Hacking and Attempted Extortion (November 17, 2008)
A Kentucky college student has been charged with identity theft and unlawful access to a computer for allegedly breaking into other students' email accounts at the University of the Cumberlands and using the access and information to blackmail them. Sungkook Kim allegedly threatened to divulge the contents of certain messages unless the students complied with his demands. He also allegedly placed spyware on computers at the college library to harvest the information necessary to access the email accounts and used someone else's wireless router to send the threatening messages.
-http://www.kentucky.com/181/story/595802.html
[Editor's Note (Northcutt): Sounds like a "security awareness tip of the day" moment. Using public computers is dangerous; the odds are high that your details will be collected. In addition, the folks with whom you communicate will likely have their email addresses harvested. Here are a couple links for further and supporting information:
-http://www.linuxfortravelers.com/the-risks-of-using-public-computers
-http://blogs.techrepublic.com.com/10things/?p=322]
Mass. Data Protection Regulation Compliance Deadline Pushed Back Five Months (November 14 & 20, 2008)
The Massachusetts Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation (OCABR) has extended the compliance deadline for regulations that require companies doing business with Massachusetts residents to use encryption and other strong data security measures to protect residents' personal information. Citing current economic conditions, OCABR extended the deadline from January 1, 2009 to May 1, 2009. The companies have until January 1, 2010 to provide certification from their-party providers that they are in compliance with the data protection requirements of the state's consumer protection laws.
-http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&arti
cleId=9121018&source=rss_topic17
-http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=ocapressrelease&L=1&L0=Home&sid=Eoca&
;b=pressrelease&f=081114_IDTheftupdate&csid=Eoca
UK Information Commissioner Seeks Authority to Impose Increased Fines (November 18, 2008)
The UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) wants the authority to fine companies up to 10 percent of their revenue for violations of the Data Protection Act, which would match the maximum penalty that can be imposed by the Financial Services Authority on companies that do not comply with financial regulations. Presently, the maximum fine the ICO may impose is GBP 5,000 (US $7,366).
-http://www.growthbusiness.co.uk/news/business-news/814242/fines-likely-for-data-
breaches.thtml
[Editor's Note (Schultz): The level of ICO's current authority is ostensibly not nearly sufficient to deal with cases of negligence in data protection. Increasing this office's level of authority to levy much more substantial fines would thus constitute a step forward in helping combat data security breaches as well as identity theft.
(Dick): I agree with Eugene's comment. I recently learned from executives in the electrical power industry one of the primary driving forces in addressing cyber security issues was the fear of significant fines and penalties from Federal and State regulatory agencies. In short, the power companies could not be allowed to pass on the fines and penalties in their rates. If they pay for it, the business case for investment in improved security becomes easier. ]
Australian ISP Sued for Allegedly Allowing Illegal Filesharing (November 20, 2008)
A group of film and television companies have sued iiNet, one of the Australia's largest Internet service providers (ISPs), alleging that it allows its users to download television programs and movies in violation of copyright laws. iiNet COO Mark White says his company in no way supports piracy, but that it cannot cut off service to customers simply because the movie industry says they are downloading content illegally. The lawsuit seeks a ruling that iiNet engaged in copyright infringement by failing to stop its users from illegally sharing files; it also seeks an order that would require iiNet to take action to prevent such activity in the future.
-http://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/biztech/film-companies-sue-iinet-for-allow
ing-piracy/2008/11/20/1226770617457.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1
British National Party Membership List Posted to Internet (November 19, 2008)
A membership roster of the British National Party (BNP) has been posted to the Internet. The exposed data include names, home addresses, home and mobile phone number and email addresses of approximately 13,500 supporters of the far right political party. Some of those whose information was posted fear they could lose their jobs or be physically attacked. The data appear to have been posted by a disgruntled BNP member. Police have been called in to investigate.
-http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/nov/19/bnp-names-web-police-security
-http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article5183833.ece
[Editor's Note (Honan): In the UK it is a sackable offence for a member of the police force to be also a member of the BNP. ]
IT Staff Still Working to Address Malware on London Hospital Systems (November 19 & 20, 2008)
IT staff are still working to eradicate the effects of a Mytob worm infection that forced the shutdown of computer systems at three London, UK-area hospitals. The problem appeared to be addressed on Monday evening, but the system crashed on Tuesday. The malware does not appear to have spread to other systems.
-http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/11/19/hospital_computer_virus_shutdown_update/
-http://software.silicon.com/malware/0,3800003100,39348158,00.htm?r=8
Survey: Many Irish eCommerce Websites Lack Strong Data Protection (November 19, 2008)
A Deloitte Enterprise Risk Services survey of more than 100 Irish ecommerce websites found that 65 percent do not employ stringent online payment security measures. Results of the survey indicate that "a significant proportion of websites" are not in compliance with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards. More than half of the sites were found to be using weak or legacy encryption, while two percent used no encryption at all.
The Editorial Board of SANS NewsBites
Eugene Schultz, Ph.D., CISM, CISSP is CTO of High Tower Software and the author/co-author of books on Unix security, Internet security, Windows NT/2000 security, incident response, and intrusion detection and prevention. He was also the co-founder and original project manager of the Department of Energy's Computer Incident Advisory Capability (CIAC).
John Pescastore is Vice President at Gartner Inc.; he has worked in computer and network security since 1978.
Ron Dick headed the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) at the FBI and is the incoming President of the InfraGard National Members Alliance - with 22,000 members.
Stephen Northcutt founded the GIAC certification and currently serves as President of the SANS Technology Institute, a post graduate level IT Security College, www.sans.edu.
Johannes Ullrich is Chief Technology Officer of the Internet Storm Center.
Prof. Howard A. Schmidt is the President of the Information Security Forum (ISF) and author who has served as CSO for Microsoft and eBay and as Vice-Chair of the President's Critical Infrastructure Protection Board.
Ed Skoudis is co-founder of Inguardians, a security research and consulting firm, and author and lead instructor of the SANS Hacker Exploits and Incident Handling course.
Tom Liston is a Senior Security Consultant and Malware Analyst for Intelguardians, a handler for the SANS Institute's Internet Storm Center, and co-author of the book Counter Hack Reloaded.
Dr. Eric Cole is an instructor, author and fellow with The SANS Institute. He has written five books, including Insider Threat and he is a senior Lockheed Martin Fellow.
Mason Brown is one of a very small number of people in the information security field who have held a top management position in a Fortune 50 company (Alcoa). He is leading SANS' global initiative to improve application security.
Marcus J. Ranum built the first firewall for the White House and is widely recognized as a security products designer and industry innovator.
Mark Weatherford, CISSP, CISM, is Executive Officer of the California Office of Information Security and Privacy Protection.
Alan Paller is director of research at the SANS Institute
Clint Kreitner is the founding President and CEO of The Center for Internet Security.
Brian Honan is an independent security consultant based in Dublin, Ireland.


New Delhi/Islamabad – Pakistan has deployed its F-16 fighter jets at the bases near the Indian border, and they have been issued orders to be in the state of readiness to attack India. Also, in a high-level meeting, the political and military leadership in Pakistan decided to make a harsh retaliation if India carried out another attack. The Indian Air Force, which keeps a close watch on Pakistani activities, has demanded deployment of more efficient air defence systems and missiles at the border.
On Wednesday, Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan convened an emergency meeting with the three service chiefs and other officials. No such urgent meeting was organised over the matter before this one, a national newspaper claimed. It was in this meeting that the Pakistan Prime Minister and the three service chiefs decided for a strong retaliation against a possible Indian attack. Moreover, the newspaper reported that India was referred to as an 'enemy', in the meeting. Earlier, Pakistan had deployed eight F-16 fighter jets at its Mushaf base in the Punjab Province near the Indian border.
The F-16s are believed to be the most advanced fighter jets in the Pakistani Air Force fleet. The F-16s were deployed with the only intention of challenging India and were issued orders to be ready to attack India anytime. Likewise, Pakistan reportedly even used attack drones near the Gujarat border. The attack drones have also been deployed at the Line of Control in the Uri, Rajouri, Noushera, and pooch districts of Jammu and Kashmir.
Albeit, even the Indian Air Force has increased its state of readiness considering the provocative Pakistani activities. The IAF has demanded a more efficient air defence system at the border and also for new missiles for its fighter jets. A very volatile situation has therefore been created at the Indo-Pak border which could flare up into a full-blown conflict at any time.