text:
Foundation Governance
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Statutes for Sparebankstiftelsen DNB.
Formed on September 10, 2002.
Christiania Sparebank's old head office is now the culture house Sentralen.
The Statutes were most recently amended June 16, 2020. (Approved by The Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway on October 8, 2020).
§ 1-1 Name of foundation and registered office
The foundation's name is Sparebankstiftelsen DNB.
The foundation's head office is in Oslo.
§ 1-2 Objectives
The objectives of the foundation shall be to manage the shares allocated to it upon formation and to exercise long-term, stable ownership of DNB ASA.
The objectives of the foundation shall also be to continue the savings bank´s traditions, of this, to contribute to charitable causes. When making allocations and when reasonably possible the foundation shall take into account those regional areas that contributed towards building up the capital of the former Gjensidige NOR Sparebank.
§ 1-3 The foundation's capital
The foundation shall be set up with its basic capital amounting to NOK 2,096,788,800.-, consisting of 20,967,888 shares, each with a nominal value of NOK 100, in Gjensidige NOR ASA. The shares were in 2003 converted into 130.000.906 shares in DnB NOR ASA (later known as DNB ASA), each with a nominal value of NOK 10.00.
The foundation merged in 2010 with DnB NOR´s jubilee fund (org. no. 977 125 316) and NOK 1,418,000 was thus allocated to Sparebankstiftelsen DNB´s basic capital.
2. The bodies of the foundation
The foundation shall have a General Meeting, an Election Committee, a Board and a Managing Director.
§ 2-2 Election of General Meeting
The General Meeting shall consist of 31 members and 19 deputies.
The composition of the General Meeting shall reflect the interests of the public and the customers of the former Gjensidige NOR Sparebank and shall be elected in the following election areas:
1. Oslo election area: 6 members, 4 deputies
2. Akershus election area: 6 members, 4 deputies
3. Buskerud election area: 4 members, 2 deputies
4. Oppland election area: 4 members, 2 deputies
5. Vestfold election area: 4 members, 2 deputies
6. Østfold election area: 4 members, 2 deputies
7. Telemark election area: 2 members, 2 deputies
8. Election area for elsewhere in the country: 1 member, 1 deputy
For election area nos. 1-7 the members and deputies shall be divided equally between members elected by customers and members appointed by the authorities. The member and deputy member from election area 8 shall be elected by the customers.
The members appointed by the authorities shall be selected by the county councils in the election areas concerned and the Oslo Municipal Council.
The members elected from among the customers shall be elected by and from among the private customers of DNB Bank ASA. Customers with accounts at DNB Bank ASA prior to the end of the previous year shall be entitled to vote. No customers shall be entitled to more than one vote.
Elections shall be organised by the Board. Elections shall be advertised by no later than 14 days prior to the date of the election concerned and otherwise as decided by the Board. Elections take place in a suitable manner decided by the Board. Candidates are elected as members and deputies for his or her election area according to the number of votes they receive. In cases where the number of votes are equal the election will be settled by drawing lots.
The General Meeting shall be elected for 4 years at a time, subject to the more precise definitions contained in the second subsection of Section 2-4 herewith. Elections to the General Meeting shall be held before the end of the month of April. Re-elections are possible. In the event of serious breaches of the foundation's ethical regulations, the general meeting may, by a 2/3 majority, decide that a member of the general meeting must resign.
The General Meeting shall elect its own Chairman and Deputy Chairman for a period of two years. Re-elections are possible.
Members or deputies of the General Meeting cannot be employed by DNB ASA or any other company in the same group. Should any such circumstances arise for any members or deputy members during the course of their appointment, they retire for the remainder of the term
If a member resigns from the general meeting, the first deputy member becomes a new permanent member. If a customer-elected deputy resigns or becomes a permanent member of the general meeting, the new deputy will be the candidate on the electoral roll who received the most votes without being elected. For publicly appointed deputies, a supplementary election is carried out by the relevant county council or Oslo City Council upon resignation.
§ 2-3 General Meetings
The foundation shall hold an ordinary General Meeting before 1 July each year. The following business shall be dealt with and decided at the ordinary General Meeting:
1. approval of the annual report and accounts
2. election of Board members when relevant in accordance with the second subsection of Section 2-5 herewith
3. election of members to the Election Committee in accordance with Section 2-4 herewith.
4. appointment of an auditor and determination of the auditor's fee
5. any other business that, according to the law or the foundation's Statutes, falls under the business of the General Meeting.
During those years when a new General Meeting is elected, the division of expertise between the newly General Meeting and the outgoing General Meeting shall be such that the outgoing General Meeting shall deal with and decide issues relating to approval of the annual accounts and determination of the auditor's fee for the previous year. The new General Meeting shall be responsible for electing Board members, electing members of the Election Committee and appointing an auditor, and it shall also deal with and decide any other business in accordance with Item 5 herewith that falls under the business of the General Meeting.
The General Meeting shall be convened by the Board. If it is known that any members are unable to attend, their deputies shall be called on to attend. Notice to attend the General Meeting shall specify the time and place of the meeting as well as the business to be discussed at the General Meeting. Notice to attend the General Meeting shall be sent out by no later than 14 days before the General Meeting.
The Board may decide if it is necessary to call an extraordinary General Meeting. The Board shall call an extraordinary General Meeting when the auditor or at least 6 members of the General Meeting request such in writing in order to deal with a particular specified subject. Notice to attend an extraordinary General Meeting shall be announced by no later than 7 days prior to the General Meeting.
Each individual member of the General Meeting has one vote at the General Meeting.
The General Meeting constitutes a quorum when at least 16 members and deputies with voting rights are present. Decisions made by the General Meeting require a simple majority of the votes cast unless otherwise specified by law or in the foundation's Statutes.
The Chairman of the Board shall attend the General Meeting. The other members of the Board and the Managing Director are entitled to attend and speak at the General Meeting.
Minutes of the meeting shall be kept. The minutes shall be signed by the meeting´s chairman and two other people appointed by the General Meeting from among those present.
§ 2-4 The Election Committee
The Election Committee consists of eight members. The Chairman of the General Meeting shall be the Chairman of the Election Committee. The other members shall be chosen by and among the members of the General Meeting, in a manner so that each of the election areas 1 to 7 in Section 2-2 are represented. Moreover, four of these members shall be members elected by customers, while three shall be members appointed by the authorities.
The Chairman of the General Meeting and Deputy Chairman shall make suggestions towards the General Meeting on members to serve in the Election Committee, for a period of two years.
The Election Committee shall nominate the following proposition towards the General Meeting:
a) Chairman of the General Meeting
b) Deputy Chairman of the General Meeting
c) Chairman of the Board
d) Deputy Chairman of the Board
e) Members of the Board
f) Reimbursment for the members of the General Meeting, the Board and other trusted representatives.
The Election Committee shall every fourth year propose suggestions for election of members chosen by customers and deputies for the General Meeting. At these elections the Election Committee shall make a proposal for the double of the amount stated in Section 2-2. Prior to making the proposal, the Election Committee shall contact all banking offices in all the election areas except for the election area 7, `elsewhere in the country`, and ask them to suggest a candidate form their election area.
All proposals from the Election Committee to the General Meeting shall be explained.
The Chairman of the Election Committee shall summon the Election Committee meetings.
§ 2-5 The Board
The foundation shall have a Board consisting of 5-7 members.
The members of the Board, including the Chairman of the Board, shall be elected together by the General Meeting for a period of 2 years. Re-elections may be held.
The composition of the Board shall be broad and representative.
The members of the Board cannot be employed by DNB ASA or any other companies in the same group as DNB ASA. Members of the Board must not hold Board appointments or be employed by companies that are competitors of the DNB ASA group. Should any such circumstances arise for any members during the course of their appointment they should resign, and a replacement election can be held.
§ 2-6 Administration of the foundation's funds
The Board shall administer the foundation's funds or determine more detailed guidelines relating to such. The Board shall ensure that the foundation's funds are administered in line with the foundation's objectives, cf. Section 1-2 herewith, and that its activities are carried out in accordance with the regulations and the foundation's Statutes that apply at any one time.
§ 2-7 Allocation of the foundation's funds
The Board shall make decisions about allocations or it shall draw up more detailed guidelines relating to allocations that shall be delegated to the Managing Director.
§ 2-8 The Board's administrative procedures
The Board shall deal with matters at its meetings unless the Chairman of the Board decides that the matter in question can be submitted in writing or be dealt with in a different, satisfactory manner. The annual report and accounts shall be dealt with at meetings. The Managing Director shall attend Board meetings.
The Chairman of the Board shall ensure that relevant matters that fall under the business of the Board shall be dealt with. Board members can call on the Board to deal with particular business.
Notification of Board business shall be provided in a suitable manner and with reasonable deadlines.
The Board may adopt decisions when more than half of its members are present during a discussion. However, the Board may not adopt decisions unless all the Board members have been given the opportunity to participate in the discussion of a matter. Board decisions require the majority of Board members present during discussion of a matter to vote in favour of the matter in question. In the event of a tie in the voting, the Chairman of the Board shall have the casting vote. If the Chairman of the Board is not present, the chairman of the meeting shall have the casting vote.
Minutes shall be kept of Board meetings.
§ 2-9 Conflicts of interests
Board members may not participate in discussions or decisions about matters with particular relevance to them or anyone close to them such that they could be considered to have distinct, special personal or financial interests in the matter.
Furthermore, Board members may not participate in discussions or business when the member in question or anyone close to them holds a post or position of trust in a private or public institution, organisation or enterprise that has financial or other distinct special interests in the matter, or when the member in question by virtue of his/her position has previously participated in discussion of the matter. However, as regards official posts or appointments, the member in question shall not be considered to be disqualified on account of vested interests in matters concerning the allocation of funds that would benefit the authorities.
§ 2-10 Managing Director
The Board shall appoint a Managing Director.
The Managing Director shall be responsible for the daily management of the foundation's activities and shall comply with the guidelines and instructions laid down by the Board. The Managing Director shall execute the allocations made by the foundation and ensure that it is generally known that the funds in question have come from Sparebankstiftelsen DNB. Daily management does not cover matters of an unusual nature or matters that are of great importance. The Managing Director shall ensure that the company's accounts accord with the law and its appurtenant regulations and that asset management is carried out in a satisfactory manner.
The Managing Director must not hold any board appointments at, or by employed by, any companies that are competitors of the DNB ASA group.
3. Other provisions
§ 3-1 Allocation of annual profits – settlement of annual losses
The foundation's profits shall be allocated in accordance with the foundation's objectives, cf. Section 1-2 herewith, and within the framework specified in Section 2d-8, cf. Section 2b-27 herewith, of the Norwegian Act relating to Savings Banks.
Deficits, after allocations made by the Board, shall initially be covered using the foundation's distributable equity, and subsequently by using its basic capital.
§ 3-2 Amendments to the Statutes
Decisions relating to amendment of the foundation's Statutes shall be adopted by the General Meeting. Such decisions require the support of at least two thirds of all the votes and at least 16 votes. Any decisions relating to amendment of the object clause, except in the event of dissolution or merger, also require at least 21 votes.
Amendments to the Statutes shall be approved by the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway.
§3-3 Sale of shares in DNB ASA
Any matters relating to the sale or disposal of the shares in DNB ASA which were allocated to the foundation upon formation (cf. Section 1-3) shall be dealt with by the General Meeting, and requires the support of at least two thirds of all those members who are entitled to attend the General Meeting.
§ 3-4 Dissolution of the foundation
Any decisions relating to dissolution of the foundation must be adopted by the General Meeting. Such decisions require the support of at least two thirds of all the members who are entitled to attend the General Meeting.
In the event of the foundation being dissolved, the Foundation's funds shall shall be donated to charitable causes in accordance with § 1-2, 2nd paragraph.
Contact information Administration


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drop table reports;
drop table plans;
drop table outcomes;
drop table programs;
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A level is the usual means of entry to British universities.
A level study is normally a two-year course.
In the first year students take AS (Advanced Subsidiary) Levels.
The AS Level is a qualification in its own right and is recognised for the purposes of entry to some universities, but it also forms the first part of a full A level.
The final year study (A2), represents the second element of the A level course.
A full A level grade is only awarded upon successful completion of AS and A2.
Students are encouraged to take up to four or five subjects at AS Level, which are usually reduced to three or four subjects at A2.
For entry to the top universities grades at A* are normally required at 3 or more subjects.


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With over 35 years of experience in dealing with stainless steel, Ngai Kien possesses the best polishing technology in the industry. Our company is also a market leader in nickel-free aluminium accessory. As a pioneer in adopting the Alumite Anodizing Technology from Japan, all our products are able to pass the non-discolor test carried out by the Hong Kong Productivity Council.
Ngai Kien offers a wide range of products including buckle, slider, ring, zip puller, badge, rivet, eyelet, decorative accessory, chain, hook, watch band, watch bezel, watch case and different types of fashion jewelry at competitive price. All of them are made of either Swiss or Japanese materials.
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Q: using #define in a .pch If I define something in a pre-compiled header like:
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and then in a header file do:
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This should work. But for some reason It isn't. I know because when I compile I get errors about HINSTANCE not naming a type.
Do I need to do anything else to make these defines available?

A: Any defines before the pre-compiled header will be ignored.   Consider doing your define via a compiler level switch or via:

Configuration Properties -> C/C++ -> Preprocessor -> Preprocessor Definitions

You can read more on MSDN:

When you use a precompiled header, the
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As for GCC pre compiled headers differ:

A precompiled header can't be used
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A: Make sure __BUILD_MAC__ is #defined in the file actually being used to build the .pch, and before the last header being included in the .pch.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


0. Why haven't we build SSP already??
Answer 0. Space transportation costs using old rockets have been too high, since we throw the rocket away after each flight! That's no way to run an airline! Reusable rockets are the key. Most importantly, costs go down when volume goes up. That is why your TV doesn't cost a million bucks. We need a much higher volume to orbit to make the lower cost reusable space vehicles pay for themselves. Only SSP, however, provides the huge market volume needed to finance the low-cost space transportation vehicles necessary. This chicken and egg situation is characteristic of several other SSP materiale requirements. See next question, for further details, but that is why a strongly financed company is necessary to successfuly build SSP.
1. How much would SSP cost?
Only a much larger launch market can lower these costs. SSP is the only such huge market we know of with the volume required to enable the low-cost space transportation system necessary for a successful SSP business case. Sort of a chicken and egg situation, got to have one to get the other. Low cost transportation to orbit to GSO is critical; launch costs to GSO must be reduced from thousands of dollars per pound to about $150/lb. The current leader in low cost to orbit is SpaceX. They currently quote about $50 million to put 3000 kg into Geo Transfer Orbit or about $10,000 per pound to GSO.
SpaceX plans to add the necessary thermal protection to allow for first stage recovery on Falcon 9's fifth flight, probably in 2012. At $35 million to manufacture, Elon Musk, SpaceX CEO, says that an efficient refurbishment and launch operation could bring Falcon 9's per-launch price down to about $1 million. To get the launch price to $1M, the amortized manufacturing cost would need to equal refueling costs, or about $200,000. That goal implies reusability for 175 times - within a short enough time frame that the cost of capital doesn't increase the amortized manufacturing cost.
That usage rate far exceeds current or projected launch demand. But if the market demand were there, the price would then be about $50/lb to LEO or about $100/lb to GSO! And that is with near term technology. This theme repeats through other costs. We need a STRONG financial entity to shoulder these linked financial and technical challenges. This why the Space Solar Power Workshop recommends that Congress charter a Sunsat Corp to build a power satellite industry, just as they chartered Comsat Corp, which built our very successful communications satellite industry. Japan's USEF consortium has budgeted $2 Trillion yen (~US $25 Billion) to kick-start SSP by 2025. They expect to be able to provide SSP electricity to customers at eight yen (nine cents) per kilowatt-hour, six times cheaper than its current cost in Japan. A sample projected budget for a Sunsat Corp is available at the Space Solar Power Institute website.
2. Would the cost be more or less than that of other sources of energy being used currently?
3. Why is SSP being considered to replace other sources of energy?
Answer 3. Here is a short list of what makes SSP so attractive compared to existing competing energy alternatives.
I. SSP could provide virtually unlimited quantities of clean, baseload energy, without many of the negative aspects of the fossil fuels, (coal, oil and natural gas) currently in use. The rising price of oil is tightly linked to the rising price of food and other commodities that are processed, packaged and transported as global demand is increasing for oil, coal, gas and biofuels. Weather, or climate change, is also an inextricable part of this equation. This shift pushes land use from agricultural or wilderness into producing biofuels such as corn to ethanol or fuel oils, such as palm oil. Our "footprint" on our global environment must be lighter and gentler. A major way to do this is to shift raw energy production off the Earth into space. Imagine the plug on the wall in your house bringing energy directly from the sun.
Large nuclear or coal power plants today are about 1 Gigawatt, which is enough energy for a million US homes during the day. SSP could provide many hundreds of Terawatts (1 Terawatt is 1000 Gigawatts). No other energy source can compare, without severe environmental damage to planet Earth. Compared to a typical thermal power plant of the same rating, SSP would contribute only about 21% as much waste heat.
II. SSP would be baseload dispatchable. That is, it would be available 98-99% of the time except for 72 minutes at midnight during the spring and fall equinoxes. Experience with these brief outages is well known from existing satellites at GSO.
A major challenge facing serious energy planners is how to incorporate intermittent power sources into the grid, such as wind or rooftop solar, which threaten to either decrease grid stability or increase customer costs. Legislative initiatives, such as Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), often require utilities to address climate change, in spite of a poor choice of alternative energy "tools". Converting intermittent power sources to stable, dispatchable power sources is often listed among the "Smart Grid's" basket of challenges.
West Texas wind power is anti-correlated with Texas power demand, (ERCOT - Electric Reliability Council of Texas). That means the wind is most available when it is least needed. So store it, right? Well, we don't really know how to store MASSIVE quantities of energy cheaply – that means we can't afford to run a big city on batteries! Most energy storage now in use, such as the Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Plant McIntosh, are really used for "peak shaving", or voltage or frequency modulation, not bulk energy storage.
III. SSP emits very little CO2. (Fig. 2 below) It is an antenna (rectenna, or rectifying antenna, is the correct term).
A U.S. Senate climate bill from 2010 assumed a price of $15 a ton of carbon dioxide equivalent. Utilities with large CO2-emitting generation fleets would be vulnerable to large costs associated with purchasing emission allowances, according to a study by Point Carbon. SSP could be a vital tool in conjoining common political desires to address global climate change without economically-punitive energy legislation.
IV. SSP effectively uses no land (Fig. 3), they could have green farms underneath. That is because an SSP rectenna would have 95% light penetration, like chicken wire.
V. Coal, gas, oil or nuclear plants use huge quantities of water in their steam cycle. Uses no water in operation, so does not compete for increasingly scarce fresh water. A typical thermal coal plant withdraws 25,000 gallons of river water to provide per average household. (How much water does your house use a month?) Output water temperatures into rivers are a related environmental concern that can and have adversely impact summer power plant operations in drought or heat waves. Many other commodities, besides water would benefit, since SSP would use, for example only 1/100 as much photovoltaic (PV) material as traditional ground PV, since SSP would use thin-film PV, and ground solar is usually crystalline silicon PV. SSP would have a much higher EROEI (Energy Return On Energy Invested) than any other energy source – eventually 100 to 1.
VI. Use no fuel, and operational personnel would be on Earth, not space, so marginal operating costs are expected to be very low. Financially they are similar to construction of big hydroelectric plants, like Hoover dam; high up front costs, very low operating costs.
VII. A PV panel at GSO will collect about 9.6 times as much power per square meter per year as an average location in the continental US and require less maintenance. If you consider that ground PV would have to be stored using CAES, for example, with concomitant loss of efficiency to convert it to baseload, grid type power, SSP power provides about 142 times more useable energy per square meter per year.
IX. In the conversion we face to move our transportation systems to over electric power or alternate liquid fuels, it should be pointed that liquid fuels can be made from SSP power, such as anhydrous ammonia, which can be moved through the same pipelines as gasoline. It is 111 octane. We have been making liquid ammonia for 50 years for farming. Ammonia is the only fuel other than hydrogen that produces no greenhouse gases (GHG) on combustion. Ammonia can be manufactured from water, air and energy. It also fueled the X-15 rocket plane!
X. Unlike bio-ethanol, bio-diesel, or bio-butanol, SSP does not compete for increasingly valuable natural-gas-derived fertilizer, crops or agricultural land. Corn, for example, can continue to be a major export instead of a fuel to burn. Corn is a major constituent of milk, eggs, cheese, meat, and even Jack Daniels.
XI. Unlike nuclear power plants, SSP will not produce hazardous waste, reducing nuclear proliferate. The SSP segment at GSO would be relatively easy to defend, while the earth segment would be hard to damage, making harder targets for terrorists. SSP would provide energy independence for those that develop it, reducing hostile competition for limited Earth-based energy resources and dependence on unstable foreign oil providers.
As the oil and gas industry struggles to maintain production levels to keep the economy from crashing into recession or depression, the environmental impact is escalating. A controversial technique called fracking, short for "hydraulic fracturing" involves drilling into "tight gas or oil" formations of rock, such as shale, and pumping secret and toxic mixtures of fluid and sand under extremely high pressure. This shatters the rock and allows the gas or oil to flow more freely.
Reports in the New York Times, an Oscar nominated film "Gaslands", and numerous press reports have brought new pressure on Washington and affected state governments to protect our water supply, as energy needs increasingly compete for scarce fresh water. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated an investigation into the effects of fracking. The NYT reports that internal EPA documents show the danger to drinking water from fracking is even greater than previously understood - high levels of radioactivity and waste water treatment plants unequipped to handle fracking's new pollutants.The paper also alleges industry and political pressure on the EPA to limit the scope of its safety inquiry.
Another critical issue with fracked fields is that they appear to have an accelerated depletion rate – their production rate declines faster than conventionally drilled gas and oil fields. This can give the impression that a fracked field will yield much more gas than it actually will because the driller is comparing it to a conventionally drilled gas field.
Politics plays a big role, so it is extremely important to be careful in studying and documenting the issue. Don't expect the EPA's report on fracking to be released until after people have voted next year, ~ November, 2012. Politicians only want to lead when their constituents directly benefit. SSP would be a massive and exciting new opportunity, with millions of new jobs when the industry is built. While some folks have a gloomy perspective of the decades, ahead as global competition for dwindling resources increases, SSP offers a far brighter perspective, if we can swiftly start building clean baseload SSP. We could move the environmentally problematic primary energy production off the planet while providing much larger quantities of clean baseload energy to people with far less damage to our environment. Eventually SSP parts may be cost-effectively manufacturing off the Earth, but Sunsat Corp should not directly fund any of that work - such as lunar development.
4. How much more energy would SBSP give rather than the solar panels on Earth now?
Answer 4. A PV panel at GSO will collect about 9.6 times as much power per square meter per year as an average location in the continental US and require less maintenance. If you consider that ground PV power would have to be stored to provide grid available power. Using CAES, for example, with concomitant loss of efficiency to convert it to baseload, grid type power, SSP power provides about 43 times more energy per square meter per year.
5. Once the solar panels were in space, how would the energy be transferred back to Earth?
Answer 5. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for long range today comes in two competing technologies. Microwave Power Transfer (MPT) is the WPT technology currently nearest term available, but Laser WPT could also become competitive IF laser efficiency can be much improved. It is not currently an available WPT technology, the best available is around the 1 micron range, which is fully absorbed by the atmosphere, so it wouldn't reach the ground. Today LPT suffers from low efficiency, and therefore too much "waste heat". We will therefore assume MPT unless otherwise noted.
Answer 6. See answer 5.
7. How much energy would be lost in the transfer from space back to Earth?
Answer 5. Overall, MPT efficiency from PV output at GSO to grid input on Earth is estimated today to be 42% (Fig.5) for 5.8 Ghz. We believe that can be improved closer to 50% as the DC-to-RF process matures.
To achieve the high beam efficiency desired the equations governing microwave WPT mandate very large aperture, or diameter, transmitters and rectennas. The greater those apertures, the higher the resulting efficiency. To reach the high efficiency necessary for economic operation these must be kilometers in size. These dictate that SSP using microwave WPT is large – utility-scale. The original reference study suggested a 5 Gigawatt downlink rectenna broken up into one Gigawatt "chunks" by the utility contracting to distribute it.
Much work remains to design and test arrays as large as these microwave power beaming designs mandate: ~ 1 km in space, ~ 5-10 km on the ground, depending on frequency choice.
8. How much energy is lost in the solar panels currently used on Earth?
Answer 8. Solar panels on Earth range in efficiency from about 8% up to about 40% efficient, so their losses range from 92% to 60%. Note that photosynthesis is about 1% efficient in storing chemical energy.
9. Once the energy was back on Earth, how would they convert it into usable electricity?
Answer 9. The MPT receiving antenna is known as a "rectenna", or rectifying antenna, which outputs DC power. This energy would then be inverted to be fed into the power grid, which is AC power.
10. How many watts would it take to power a city? Country? The entire Earth?
11. How much energy would be received in SSP?
Answer 11. The GSO orbit is so huge (164,620 miles) that we could eventually gather many hundreds of Terawatts there – hundreds of times what we use today. The physics of MPT (see Answer 7) makes SSP cost effective only if large quantities of power are transmitted. 5 Gigawatts per link was what the first major Reference study (1980) recommended. The physics has not changed, so MPT construction links will likely be handled only by large, utility scale companies. Utilities themselves are forbidden from building power systems that are not "off-the-shelf", as PG&E made clear that they had accepted zero risk in signing their SSP contract with Solaren.
12. What effect would SSP have on the environment?
Answer 12. The environmental impact of a MPT "rectenna", has been exhaustively studied and found to be generally safe. Microwaves are not a new environmental issue; from your cell phone to TV and satellite communications. Power levels are the real issue, since microwaves are not mutagenic – they don't break DNA, as ultraviolet and X-ray radiation does. The radio frequency radiation in the beam has less effect than an ordinary cell phone.
The power beam would only be directed at the receiving stations. People would not be exposed to the path of the beam, as it would be almost entirely collected by the receiving station antenna, which would be elevated about 25 feet above the ground. Birds, bees and airplanes are able to safely cross the path of the beam without any problem because the beam bounces off of the aluminum of the plane and birds are only briefly warmed while they might be flying across the beam.
Today, thousands of communication satellites, GPS and DirectTV transmit energy from space. Sunsats would utilize similiar technology. Since it is important to keep the downlink beam locked on to the rectenna to prevent violation of power density regulations (and keep power delivery flowing!) there will be an encoded phase-locked loop to continuously guide and guarantee that only when the beam is tightly centered on the rectenna will power flow – otherwise the beam would be turned off automatically. SSP will obey all existing local, national and international laws and regulations regarding the safe propagation of microwaves.
If Laser WPT becomes a viable downlink alternative, other questions arise because the power density of laser would be much higher than Microwave. Since 1 micron laser is the expected wavelength to be used, it would be fully absorbed by the atmosphere. Therefore, it has been suggested that such Laser WPT be delivered to a tethered stratolite, or blimp, stationed at about 70,000 feet, well above virtually all the atmosphere, including birds.
13. What are the benefits of SSP?
Answer 13. See the answer to question 3.
14. What are the disadvantages of SSP?
I. SSP via MPT is constrained to very large power links, ~5 Gigawatts, which makes the cost of the first one very high and rather risky to correctly engineer all the numerous design, construction and operational details. Lower power levels are not cost effective because the system efficiency equations dictate that the antenna and rectenna apertures, or diameters, determine the efficiency. They must be very large, about 5 or 6 km across for the rectenna and 1 km across for the transmitting antenna in space. Laser WPT could efficiently deliver lower power levels, although it is not clear if the cost would be competitive at those low power levels or even why you would want to bother going to GSO to deliver small amounts of power.
II. WPT technology still needs significant engineering work to be ready to design and build such huge phased arrays in space. We have never built such a large structure in space before, ten times as large as the International Space Station. This will not be done quickly so it is imperative that we begin soon if we wish to benefit. Like building a transcontinental railroad or a major new dam – plan ahead, SSP won't happen quickly.
III. Achieving and keeping correct phasing of the millions of microwave transmitters is one problem. Another issue is that designers working on solid state MPT - an alternative to magnetrons - cannot overcome the cooling problems resulting from low efficiency/waste heat buildup.
IV. Defending the SSP satellite system from incoming meteors, solar flares, and even terrorist attack will require a new level of operational understanding of the space environment, although we have considerable experience based on the thousands of satellites which have orbited in space during recent decades.
V. The geometry of MPT to Earth would tend to favor downlink sites nearer the equator, since the Earth is round and GSO is over the equator. Downlink sites at higher latitudes would have to have an elliptical rectenna to collect as much as a circular link at the equator.
VI. SSP would continue degrading the astronomer's problem with night sky "light pollution". It would also better enable the construction of large observing telescopes in space and even on the back side of the Moon – which is the most radio-quiet observing environment in the solar system – a very desirable location.
VII. The extremely profitable fossil fuel industries which dominate our planet's energy supply often make it difficult for SSP to receive a fair hearing and proper funding for the massive engineering task of building it. They naturally prefer non-threatening energy alternatives, such as oilman T. Boone Pickens' $80 million lobbying support for windmills.
15. How is SSP more efficient than other sources of energy?
Answer 15. First, what is the best way for you, as an energy consumer to measure efficiency? Ideally, energy should be available anytime and anywhere you want it without harming the environment we live in, or our grandchildren will live in. For a moving vehicle, liquid fuels have been the choice. In your home or another building, electricity has been the choice. What will be the most efficient way to provide this power ten years from now, when fossil fuels become dirtier to obtain and more expensive? As Appendix A explains, SSP will be more efficient in providing that "anytime and anywhere" (baseload) energy, since we don't know how to store MASSIVE quantities of power from irregular and intermittent sources.
16. What action is being taken to start using SSP?
Answer 16. The world leader in SSP design and construction is Japan's well funded USEF consortium. Very little funding has been available in the US on the scale required. The Space Solar Power Institute, a 501(c)3 corporation, and its Ga Tech Workshop (http://sspi.gatech.edu), have studied this issue since 1994 and determined that the best and fastest way to get SSP built is for Congress to charter a Sunsat Corporation. Congress chartered Comsat Corp in 1962 (and also Intelsat) and thereby created today's robust commercial communications satellite industry. The key legislation to do this for SSP is entitled the Sunsat Act. The Sunsat Act would create a commercial power satellite industry. Just as cell telephone companies are not power companies, they have very different goals. Communication satellites (comsats) now in use and the power satellites (sunsats) we need, differ in that sunsats would optimize for efficient power transfer, while comsats have optimized their signal to noise ratio.
The Space Solar Power Institute has written draft Sunsat legislation and actively encourages Congress to charter a Sunsat Corporation, within the limits of the educational activities 501(c)3 organizations can fund.
There are several poorly funded small US companies, notably Solaren, that claim to be building SSP. Major US aerospace companies, e.g. Lockheed-Martin, Boeing, Raytheon, and Northrop Grumman have been exploring the SSP opportunity, as well as various university and government labs partnering with them. This is an unfocussed effort. Astrium, Europe's largest aerospace company has been looking for support to work with their partner, the University of Surrey, on laser power beaming for SSP. Space Energy is a trans-Atlantic company with SSP plans. China, India, and other nations have been studying how they could build Sunsats. Japan's 18 company USEF consortium is the clear SSP leader today. While there are a dozen SSP efforts now in existence, led by the Japanese consortium, they need approximately $30 Billion dollars and ten to twenty years to transition to an SSP company with positive cash flow. No electric utility, aerospace company or other group we can identify in the US or Europe is chartered to meet the financial and technical challenge that building SSP poses.
17. What countries or companies are considering SSP?
Answer 17. See answer to 16.
18. How would the solar panels be built?
Answer 18. Solar panels for space are a well understood technology. Several methiods for deploying them have been considered from huge linked inflatables to unrolling large rolls of PV material like carpet. Keeping it in place and thriving in the vacuum of space through solar flares and micrometeorites are key design considerations, although these are well understood for the many smaller satellites that "live" there now. Space for Sunsats along the 164,620 mile arc of the GeoSynchronous Orbit would have to be negotiated when contracts to build are written with receiving utilities on Earth.
19. How would they be put into space?
Answer 19. Since GSO is a high radiation environment and very hazardous for long term workers, virtually all SSP construction would be done remotely by robots operated from Earth (telerobots). There is some discussion about whether it is preferable to construct Sunsats in LEO or GSO, but if constructed in LEO they would have to slowly moved to GSO, where they would operate.
20. In your opinion, is SSP worth it?
Answer 20. Unquestionably. It is the best economic, environmental, energy and long term investment in our future available today. It is not cheap, but it is surely worth the trouble and expense to provide clean, unlimited, baseload energy for the foreseeable future. An SSP industry would also provide a market in space for products that might be mined and manufactured from resources "up there" – on the Moon or from passing "Near Earth Objects", thereby productively expanding our civilization into space. Sunsat Corporations should not be directly financially involved in any business except providing clean power to Earth. They would not for example, build rockets.
Appendix A. How much more efficient is SSP compared to ground PV?
PV panels can be used in space or on the ground. SSP would likely use thin-film PV, since it is much lighter and therefore less costly to send to orbit. It is uses 1/100th as much material as traditional ground PV. Ground PV is usually crystalline silicon, since the environment on Earth is far harsher – blowing sand, hail, bird droppings and high winds.
We need to answer this question, "What is the efficiency of ground PV or wind power if converted into baseload (dispatchable) grid power?" We need to know this in order to collect energy from intermittent wind or ground PV sources and using storage convert it to continuous, or dispatchable, power to the local electric grid. ERCOT (they operate the Texas electric grid) quotes wind at 7.85% capacity factor because that's how likely wind is to be blowing when ERCOT needs the extra power.
There are two operating CAES plants in the world. The more efficient of the two storage plants, Macintosh in Alabama, is effectively a 27% efficient natural gas turbine. It takes advantage of the unique salt dome geology along the Gulf coast to store pressurized air which later will turn the gas turbine-generator. A typical natural gas plant is 34% efficient, but because of the economics of being able to save cheap power from Saturday and using it on a peak day such as a hot Alabama Tuesday, you can provide expensive peak power at low cost.
Some proposals envision using other geologic structures, such as old natural gas fields. This has not been done yet but theoretically could work, at an undetermined cost. Wind could provide that initial CAES charging, as the Iowa Stored Energy Project(ISEP), is now planning to do.
So, to store the sun or wind with CAES, when it is blowing, how long do we need to charge and store it? Depends on the weather - season and location have a lot to do with that, and even Arizona has a monsoon season. In many places, weeks of negligible sun or wind are possible.
To provide power for just one full day, however, suppose we have a 1 MW sun or wind power unit that over some length of time (far more than 24 hours) stores 24 MWH into our CAES. We can get about 6.48 MWH generated by our CAES whenever we want it. Suppose it takes 4 days of sun to fully charge the CAES to 24 MWH. That means we need 14.8 of these average sunny days to store our 24 MWh to cover one sunless 24 hour day for dispatch on the grid.
Considering that we get 9.6 times as much sun per day in space from SSP, it is easy to see that we get about 142 times (= 14.8 x 9.6) as much dispatchable energy from space, compared to terrestrial wind power or terrestrial sun when we make them "CAES dispatchable". The real world is much tougher than our simple example shows however.
We have looked at providing for just one sunless or windless day, but we do not really know how much such storage we will need next month or next year, which means our customers are likely to be inconvenienced when we don't have enough stored. And they will not want to pay for infinite storage. No one will agree to build the massive CAES needed for such storage - not cost effective.
This logic model should make clear that being able to get our power on demand is the most satisfactory way utilities can keep their customers happy and the ice cream cold.
 N. Johnson and P. Jaffe. (2008, Oct. 2-3). "Summary of NRL SSP Internal Assessment," presented at the State of Space Solar Power Technology AFRL conference. unpublished.


Created in 1974, the Federal Acquisition Regulation provides "uniform policies and procedures for acquisition" to ensure integrity, fairness, and openness in federal procurement. And for over 40 years now, federal agencies have implemented numerous contract writing and support systems. But no one technology has made it dramatically easier for contracting officers or industry.
While markets and supply chains increase in complexity, thousands of contracting officers rely on legacy technologies to solicit offers, receive offers, evaluate offers, and make awards every day. The irrational dependency on legacy technologies has caused delays in awarding contracts, threatening the promise of fairness and openness in federal procurement. Undercapitalized small businesses are the most adversely affected by delays and inefficiencies in the procurement process.
Who would have thought that it would take more than 40 years before an emerging technology like blockchain would revolutionize federal procurement? In 2008, in response to the collapse of the financial system, Satoshi Nakamoto invented blockchain as a worldwide transactional ecosystem with inherent procedural trust. He imagined a decentralized, self-regulated financial ecosystem free from abuse, fraud, and unwanted political influences.
Almost 10 years after its conception, the blockchain industry has evolved and expanded considerably. Although originally conceived for cryptocurrency, blockchain is now being considered for procurement, supply chain, real estate title, mortgages, and medical records. Even the federal government can't stay on the sidelines. About six months ago, the U.S. General Services Administration, the world's largest buyer, built the first federal procurement blockchain proof of concept to demonstrate how blockchain could modernize federal procurement. They learned that blockchain, when combined with artificial intelligence and robotics, provides the foundational architecture for widespread automation.
Built in seven weeks, the proof of concept automated the procurement process and reduced the time to award contracts from 100 days to less than 10 days. By automating processes like financial review, the blockchain eliminated human error, bias and subjectivity from the process. Additionally, a smart contract (programmable chaincode) was deployed to automatically calculate the financial health score from the offerors' balance sheets and income statements, in a standard fashion using commercial and government best practices.
Since every transaction is stored on the blockchain's digital ledger, vendors are no longer in the dark. As the offers progress through the workflow, vendors receive alerts of their offers' status instantly. The blockchain makes the process transparent for everyone in the value chain while preserving the privacy of each transaction.
So, what is blockchain? Generally, blockchain is an incorruptible, networked digital ledger for recording assets and transactions in the value chain. The blockchain's embedded procedural trust and encrypted, fault-tolerant distributed ledger provides a scalable foundation for automation while preserving integrity, fairness and openness in federal procurement. The blockchain's digital ledger tracks products and services (assets) as well as solicitations, offers, awards, and delivery (transactions). Furthermore, smart contracts or programmable logic can be applied to the blockchain to execute transactions autonomously such as calculating the financial health score, replenishing inventory, determining the optimal market price of products and services, verifying the integrity of vendors, and many more.
When transactions occur on the blockchain, they are verified, encrypted, and recorded in blocks and chained to other blocks using a hash of the transactions. The encryption and hash-based chain provide a trustable, incorruptible ledger of transactions that is properly ordered and resistant to fraud and abuse. Trust is further strengthened by distributing copies of the ledger to authorized participants within the value chain. The networked digital ledgers and encryption makes it virtually impossible for bad actors to corrupt the ledger with fake transactions.
By design, the blockchain preserves the integrity of the assets and transactions between multiple parties within the value chain. While there are many types of blockchain (public, permissioned, and private), federal agencies are more likely to opt for the private blockchain to facilitate procurement transactions among pre-vetted parties with identity enforced using digital certificates and identity management.
The FAR espouses the policies of integrity, fairness, and openness in federal procurement. The blockchain enforces those policies through a system of procedural trust embedded into the platform. With use of blockchain, the procurement process can be more transparent, substantially faster, and less vulnerable to abuse, fraud, gaming, etc. The blockchain will promote better competition, reduce protests, and provide leaders with unique business insights into the procurement value chain unavailable previously.
Nick Nayak is a former chief procurement officer at the United States Department of Homeland Security. With over 30 years of federal procurement experience, Nick has witnessed the evolution and advancement of federal procurement.
David Nguyen is the founder and CEO of United Solutions, a digital transformation company that built GSA's federal procurement blockchain proof of concept and artificial intelligence platform.


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Orlando City take top picks in 2015 Expansion Draft, MLS SuperDraft; NYCFC atop Allocation Ranking
September 24, 20142:21PM EDT
MLSsoccer staffMLSsoccer.com
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It's all starting to happen for Major League Soccer's 2015 expansion teams, and now New York City FC and Orlando City SC know where they stand regarding the various mechanisms they'll use to acquire players over the next few months.
Orlando City won the supporter-conducted draw at Wednesday's Expansion Priority Draft and head coach Adrian Heath jumped at the chance to pick first in the Dec. 10 Expansion Draft, where teams will selecte 10 players each from those made available by the other 19 MLS teams.
"We think we've got some really good young players. What we don't have: We don't have any MLS experience," Heath said after making the selection. "We think with the Expansion Draft we're going to get one or two players that'll help us straightaway. It's important for us that we get some experience."
New York City FC, represented by head coach Jason Kreis, then opted to get the No. 1 spot in the MLS Allocation Ranking, the mechanism used to determine which MLS club has first priority to acquire a US men's national team player who signs with MLS after playing abroad, or a former MLS player who returns to theleague after having gone to a club abroad for a transfer fee.
Kreis admitted after making the pick that he and his team already had their eyes on a few players they may select using the mechanism, saying, "We do feel that there's quite a few players in Europe right now that would be interesting for us to use this selection on."
Orlando, in turn took the first selection in the 2015 MLS SuperDraft. Kreis followed by selecting the higher pick in the Discovery Ranking, though revealed almost immediately after that he'd made a mistake and intended to select the top pick in the USL PRO/NASL Player Priority Ranking, which Heath then picked for Orlando.
Here are the full results of the Expansion Priority Draft, in the order they were selected:
1. MLS Expansion Draft: Pick 1 goes to Orlando City SC, Pick 2 goes to New York City FC
2. Allocation Ranking: Pick 1 goes to New York City FC, Pick 2 goes to Orlando City SC
3. MLS SuperDraft: Pick 1 goes to Orlando City SC, Pick 2 goes to New York City FC
4. Discovery Ranking: Pick 20 goes to New York City FC, Pick 21 goes to Orlando City SC
5. USL PRO/NASL Player Priority Ranking: Pick 1 goes to Orlando City SC, Pick 2 goes to New York City FC
6. Waiver/Re-Entry Draft Ranking: Pick 20 goes to New York City FC, Pick 21 goes to Orlando City SC
7. Lottery Ranking: Pick 20 goes to Orlando City SC, Pick 21 goes to New York City FC
8. Designated Player Ranking: Pick 1 goes to New York City FC, Pick 2 goes to Orlando City SC
Here are explanations for all of the player acquisition mechanisms decided on Wednesday:
MLS Expansion Draft
The expansion draft occurs whenever a new team enters the league. Each team gets to pick a total of 10 players from the existing clubs in the league. Since two teams are entering the league, Orlando and New York will take alternating picks. Existing teams can protect up to 11 players. Gen adidas players are automatically protected, as are Homegrown player who are not on the Senior roster (also known as the "Salary Budget Players").
MLS SuperDraft
The SuperDraft is the process whereby all of the leagues teams get to pick players coming in from the college system. As expansion teams Orlando City and NYCFC will have the first two positions in the draft.
USL PRO/NASL Player Priority Ranking
NYCFC and OCSC are given priority ranking when signing players from USL PRO or NASL, subject to another MLS club's right of first refusal.
Designated Player Ranking
The Designated player ranking comes into play when two MLS clubs wish to negotiate the same player, not including returning U.S. Men's National team players of a certain threshold.
Discovery Ranking, Picks 20&21
The Discovery Ranking is determined by average points per game during the current League season with the team with the lower points per game average earning priority over the team with higher points per game average.
Allocation Ranking
The allocation ranking is used to determine which club has first priority to acquire a USMNT player who has signed with the league, or a player who returns to the MLS after playing abroad. Once a club uses it's ranking to acquire a player, they drop to the bottom of the list. As new franchises, Orlando City and NYFC will take the top two spots in the allocation order. This does not include returing USMNT players above a certain threshold.
Waiver / Re-Entry Draft Ranking
This ranking determines the priority order for picking up players who's club have not excersized their option, or players who have been placed on waiver by their club. Orlando City and NYCFC will take the bottom two positions in the order.
Lottery Ranking
The lottery system is a weighted lottery which assigns Generation Adidas players and draft eligible players who were signed to the league after the MLS SuperDraft. The higher the ranking, the more chance the team will have of winning. Orlando City and NYCFC will take the bottom two positions in the order.
For a complete list of the players already signed by both expansion teams for their 2015 rosters, please check the bottom of the transactions page.
Expansion Draft

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Names on the Plaque
Twenty years have passed since Sept. 11, but the lives of those lost will never be forgotten. In remembrance of those alumni, we share their stories.
On Sept. 11, 2001, the fall term had just begun at U-M. Students were still settling into classes and residence halls, still acquainting themselves with professors and newfound friends. But the shock waves that reverberated around the nation on that day also reached the University.
Those on campus found many ways to mourn. An estimated 15,000 people turned out for a candlelight vigil on Sept. 11 on the Diag. Faculty, students, and community members performed to a capacity crowd at Hill Auditorium on Sept. 14 in a concert billed as "A Musical Meditation." Donors waited in line for hours to give blood at the Michigan Union. And at The Rock, someone painted American flags and the words "God Bless."
Among the larger University community, news spread of alumni who lost their lives that day. All told, a heartbreakingly high number of alumni were listed among the victims of the attacks: 18. On the one-year anniversary of the tragedy, the Alumni Association installed a memorial to them in the Alumni Center—a simple plaque bearing the name and graduation year of each person.
Twenty years have passed since Sept. 11, but the lives of those lost will never be forgotten. In remembrance of those alumni, we share the names from that plaque and their stories here.
David D. Alger, MBA'68
Ross School of Business
As executive vice president and chief financial officer of Fred Alger Management, David Alger operated from the 93rd floor of the World Trade Center's north tower.
He was the business school's 1997 commencement speaker, chaired its annual fund, and was a member of its Visiting Committee. His service to the larger University included membership on the U-M Investment Advisory Committee. Before attending U-M, he earned his undergraduate degree in history at Harvard.
Mr. Alger often appeared on television shows to discuss Wall Street investments and was known for training analysts in rigorous research methods. He wrote "Raging Bull: How to Invest in the Growth Stocks of the 90s" and joined the firm of his brother, Frederick, in 1972.
In 2001, the business school recognized him with its Alumni Achievement Award, now named in his honor.
Yeneneh Betru, MD'95
Yeneneh Betru, a native of Ethiopia who was raised in Saudi Arabia, was on American Airlines Flight 77. For him, it was a connecting flight to Los Angeles from Ethiopia, where he had just been married.
Dr. Betru immigrated to the United States in 1982 with dreams of becoming a physician. He studied at the Abbey School in Colorado before attending Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles and then U-M. A resident of Burbank, Calif., he served as director of medical affairs for IPC-The Hospitalist Co.
In 1998, Dr. Betru flew to Ethiopia to aid his grandmother's doctors when she became ill; she died due to a lack of equipment and supplies. Determined to change such conditions, he was in the process of creating a kidney dialysis clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Brian P. Dale, JD'91
Brian P. Dale was a co-founder of Blue Capital Management, a New York City-based investment firm. He led the company's legal and accounting-related activities and oversaw its internal accounting and investor reporting.
Valedictorian of his high school's class of 1976, Mr. Dale graduated magna cum laude with a bachelor of arts from Dartmouth College, where he also earned a master's of business administration. He began his career as a certified public accountant and was a manager and senior consultant with Price Waterhouse before pursuing his law degree at the U-M.
Mr. Dale was traveling on American Airlines Flight 11 from Boston to Los Angeles on Sept. 11. He was supposed to have flown out on Sept. 10 for a business trip but instead took a flight the next morning.
Paul Friedman, MSE'83
Paul Friedman, a senior management consultant for Emergence Consulting, was on board American Airlines Flight 11 on Sept. 11.
Born and raised in Brooklyn, New York, Mr. Friedman received a bachelor's degree in psychology in 1978 from Johns Hopkins University and a master's degree in business administration from New York University in 1987. He began his career at Bell Labs in Whippany, New Jersey, and went on to work for American Management Systems, Cap Gemini, Ernst & Young, and Fleet Bank.
In May 2001, he and his wife adopted a little Korean boy, with whom he spent the day of Sept. 10 before flying out the next morning.
James M. Gartenberg, '87
College of LSA
James M. Gartenberg was leaving his firm, Julien J. Studley, Inc., on the 86th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center on Sept. 11 to start his new job in midtown Manhattan the following day.
As president of the U-M Club of New York for 12 years, he provided leadership to 1,500 alumni in the New York area. He had recently resigned as club president to serve on the National Advisory Committee for the U-M Library and Task Force. Following his death, a scholarship fund was created in his name at U-M.
Mr. Gartenberg was survived by his wife and their 2-year-old daughter; their second child was born after he perished that day. The family appears in the documentary "Rebuilding Hope: The Children of 9/11," beginning Sept. 7, 2021.
Steven Goldstein, '88
Steven Goldstein had been working for Cantor Fitzgerald in the World Trade Center as a computer analyst for only two weeks on Sept. 11. Before starting there, he had worked from home developing an internet company that Cantor had recently purchased.
A New Jersey native, Mr. Goldstein enjoyed his opportunity to leave home to study at U-M. After college, he went on to a career in advertising, accounting, and trading, which eventually led to him creating his own company, which traded weather derivatives online.
Mr. Goldstein had known his wife since they were young children, and they often ran into each other throughout their lives before being set up on a blind date.
Darya Lin, '91, MSE'97
On the morning of Sept. 11, Darya Lin was working with her Aon clients on the 92nd floor of the World Trade Center's south tower. She was last seen helping a pregnant client on the 78th floor before the tower collapsed.
After earning her bachelor's degree from U-M, she worked for the University of California at San Diego Hospital Quality Management Program. She then returned to U-M and obtained her master's degree in industrial and operations engineering.
After graduation, Ms. Lin worked with the quality management group of Intel, in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Then she joined the firm of Bricker and Associates (later Keane Consulting Group) of Chicago as a senior consultant in 1998; she was later promoted to manager and then to senior manager.
Todd Ouida, '98
On Sept. 11, Todd Ouida was developing a career as a foreign currency options trader as an employee of Cantor Fitzgerald. He had accepted a job offer from the company after completing an internship there following his junior year at U-M.
He worked on the 105th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center. His father, who worked in the same building, escaped safely. To honor their son, who suffered from a panic disorder as a child, his parents established the Todd Ouida Children's Foundation.
Through that foundation, they support research into childhood depression and anxiety disorders at U-M. In addition, the Eisenberg Family Depression Center at U-M holds the annual Todd Ouida Lecture.
Manish Patel, '02
Manish Patel, a resident of Edison, New Jersey, was employed by Euro Brokers Inc. in the north tower of World Trade Center on Sept. 11. An economics major born in India, he left the University before graduation but was posthumously granted his bachelor's degree in August 2002.
Laurence Polatsch, '90
Laurence Polatsch worked as a partner in equities sales at Cantor Fitzgerald on the 104th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center.
He attended U-M along with his younger brother, who was also in the same fraternity, before training as an attorney at Syracuse Law School. He made the career change from attorney to equities trader, his father said, so he wouldn't have to "fight with people the rest of his life."
Two of his best friends and fellow U-M alums, Gregory Richards and Scott Weingard, also perished on Sept. 11. In their memory, friends established the GLS Memorial Fund, which awards scholarships to U-M students in need of financial assistance. In addition, the Laurence Polatsch Memorial Fund assists worthwhile organizations, including an animal therapy program fund at the University.
Stephen Poulos, '77, MMUS'78
School of Music, Theatre & Dance
Stephen Poulos, a manager of Aon Corporation was working on the 103rd floor of the south tower of the World Trade Center on Sept. 11.
He had trained for 20 years as a baritone, but he gave up music in 1996—quitting the church choir where he met his wife and ceasing to attend the opera—to pursue a career in information technology. He had received a promotion the week before Sept. 11.
More than a year before that, however, Mr. Poulos returned to the music he loved, expressing himself often in an online forum about opera music. In his honor, a member of the close-knit online community burned a CD containing many of his favorite arias. Another member, a violist, played at Mr. Poulos' memorial service.
Gregory Richards, '92
A big part of Mr. Richards' life at U-M was Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity—the same fraternity of two of his best friends, Laurence Polatsch and Scott Weingard, both of whom also died on Sept. 11. A fund in their names, the GLS Memorial Fund, awards scholarships to U-M students in need of financial assistance.
Following graduation, Mr. Richards took a position with AVM Investment, where he learned to trade and sell derivatives, demonstrating mathematical talent. From there, he went to Cantor Fitzgerald, which had a long connection with his family, to take advantage of an opportunity to start his own structured fixed-income products group.
On Sept. 11, he was vice president of corporate development for e-Speed, a subsidiary of Cantor Fitzgerald with offices in the World Trade Center.
Joshua Rosenthal, '79
Josh Rosenthal worked in the south tower of the World Trade Center for Fiduciary Trust Company International.
Following his graduation from U-M, he earned his master's degree in public affairs in 1981 from the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton, where he was a Truman Fellow. His career took him to the New York Mercantile Exchange, Amarada Hess, JP Morgan, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art before he became a senior vice president at Fiduciary Trust.
He always remembered his U-M roots, serving on the University's Investment Advisory Committee. After his death, his family and friends established the Josh Rosenthal Education Fund at the Ford School of Public Policy. The fund supports lectures, seminars, student research, and other programs.
Christina S. Ryook, '98
Christina Ryook worked in the human resources division of Cantor Fitzgerald on the 107th floor of the World Trade Center.
While at U-M, she served as an officer in the Asian American Association and Korean Students Association (KSA). She organized a cultural day program with KSA for adopted Korean children that won recognition as best of its kind by the United Asian Associations Organization (UAAO). She was also a practitioner of traditional Korean dance, participating in the annual program of the Generation Asian Pacific Association, hosted by UAAO.
She was continuing her education at Eastern Michigan University, pursuing a double master's degree in education and history. About one year before Sept. 11, she decided to take a break from school to work at Cantor Fitzgerald.
Meta Fuller (Higginbothan) Waller, '73
UM-Dearborn
Meta Waller, a special programs manager for the secretary of the Army, was working at her desk at the Pentagon on Sept. 11 when American Airlines Flight 77 flew into the building.
After attending U-M, Ms. Waller earned a master's degree from Harvard's Kennedy School of Government in 1982. On Sept. 11, she had just returned from a trip to Durban, South Africa, where she was part of a delegation attending the United Nations conference on racism.
Ms. Waller, a widow whose daughter disappeared several years before, was the granddaughter of Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller, the first black psychiatrist in the United States.
Scott Weingard, '93
Following his graduation from U-M, Mr. Weingard headed to New York City, where he joined Hypnotic Hats, a company his brother and friends had created. He did well at the company, which made baseball caps, and quickly became operations manager for the firm. He left about one year before Sept. 11 for Cantor Fitzgerald in the World Trade Center, where he became involved in equities trading.
Although living in New York, he returned each year to Ann Arbor for football games, enjoyed two Rose Bowl games in California, and kept up many friendships from his U-M days.
Among those friends were Laurence Polatsch and Gregory Richards, both of whom also died on Sept. 11. A fund in their names, the GLS Memorial Fund, awards scholarships to U-M students in need of financial assistance.
Meredith L. Whalen, '00
A research analyst for Fred Alger Management since June 2000, Meredith Whalen worked on the 93rd floor of the World Trade Center.
While studying at the business school, she served as a peer career counselor during her second year. She regularly counseled students interested in the investment field. Her boss and fellow U-M alum, David Alger, who also died on Sept. 11, had described her as a "rising star who rarely left work at five."
The Meredith L. Whalen Memorial Scholarship Fund and the Meredith L. Whalen Memorial Endowment Fund, both at the University, were created in her memory.
Marc Scott Zeplin, '90, MBA'93
College of LSA and Ross School of Business
Marc Zeplin worked for Cantor Fitzgerald, starting as an equities trader and rising to the position of vice president. On Sept. 11, he worked on the 104th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center.
Mr. Zeplin majored in political science as an undergraduate and was in the Pilot Program at Alice Lloyd Hall. An enthusiastic sports fan, he enjoyed broadcasting games on the University's radio station while a student.
He was survived by his wife, two young sons, his parents, and his sister. His family established the Marc S. Zeplin Foundation in 2002 to support children who lost a parent or loved one on Sept. 11.
Can You Guess That Grad?
Guest Column: For All the Leaders and Best
Voices of Victors, #12: Beyond the Football Field
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dataStickies concept puts flash drives in a post-it note type orientation. Two protective layers would shield the graphene innards of the drive. Data could simply be transferred by placing the sticky top of the drive against a port on the desired gadget. According to the designers, these flash drives could hold up to 32 GB of data, which we think is kind of a let down considering Graphene has often been touted as the next wonder material, and 32 GB of storage is well within the reach of modern flash drives as well.
Of course, this is just a concept, and as such far from commercial use as of now. Graphene itself hasn't been perfected for use yet. As a concept though, it is pretty cool. And in our mind, a lot of that wow factor comes with the thought of the post-it note like appearance of the drive.


text:
Maxx Williams
CFT 2015 Preseason Preview: Big Ten Predictions
By John TaylorAug 31, 2015, 10:10 AM EDT
As the 2015 season draws near, we peek into our crystal ball and guess project how each of the five major conferences will play out. Today, we will be examining the home of the defending national champion, the Big Ten.
And while we're at it, check out some of our other Power Five conference predictions HERE (ACC) and HERE (Big 12) as the CFT team continues to take its month-long glimpse of the upcoming season.
BIG TEN EAST
1. Ohio State (14-1 in 2014; beat Oregon in College Football Playoff title game)
For the forseeable future, you can pencil in Urban Meyer's Buckeyes as the class of the both the division and conference, as well as an annual contender for a playoff spot thanks to the one-two combination of the coaching staff and its recruiting prowess. Last year, Meyer thought his Buckeyes were a year away from contention… and all they did was run through Wisconsin, No. 1 Alabama and No. 2 Oregon in the postseason to claim the inaugural CFP championship. What can OSU do for an encore? Given the returning talent, they could very well be the eighth team since the Poll Era began (1936) to go back-to-back — provided they can get past, among others, the very stout, tremendously talented and extremely motivated team directly below this blurb.
2. Michigan State (11-2; beat Baylor in Cotton Bowl)
The Spartans have several positives going for them entering the 2015 season, from one of the best offensive and defensive lines in the conference to one of the best quarterbacks in the entire country in senior Connor Cook to one of the most underrated head coaches in Mark Dantonio. There's every reason to think that the Spartans, ranked fifth in the preseason, will remain in that neighborhood for a sizable chunk of the season. Losing defensive mastermind Pat Narduzzi, now the head coach at Pittsburgh, could negatively impact the season, as could the schedule: three of MSU's toughest games are on the road (Ohio State, Nebraska and Michigan) while they also play host to a Top Ten in Week 2 in Oregon.
3. Michigan (5-7)
Yes, I'm drinking the Jim Harbaugh-flavored Kool-Aid already, and there are two good reasons as to why. One, and look no further than what he did at Stanford, he is one of the best coaches at any level of football. In the five years prior to his arrival on The Farm, the Cardinal won just 16 games; in Harbaugh's four years heading the program, and taking over a one-win squad, the win total jumped to 29. Secondly, he and his staff aren't exactly coming into the kitchen with a bare cupboard. In 2013 and 2012, UM's recruiting classes were ranked fifth and seventh nationally and second in the Big Ten, respectively, according to Rivals.com. Even in 2014, amidst much speculation that Brady Hoke was as good as done, he still pulled in a class that ranked 31st in the country and fourth in the conference. The talent is there, the coaching there, so there's no reason to think that an immediate improvement won't be there as well.
4. Penn State (7-6; beat Boston College in Pinstripe Bowl)
The biggest thing the Nittany Lions have going for them this season, the thing that could have them too low in this East prediction? Their schedule. They will be heavily favored in all six games — three conference, three non-conference — before traveling to Ohio State in mid-October, plus the scheduling gods gave them Illinois and Northwestern as their cross-divisional games this season. Should the defense, as expected, remain one of the best in the conference, and Christian Hackenberg can overcome any crisis of confidence caused by a subpar offensive line — he was sacked 44 times in 2014, a season in which he tossed more interceptions (15) than touchdowns (12) — the Nittany Lions could very well increase their win total from a year ago.
5. Maryland (7-6; lost to Stanford in Foster Farms Bowl)
Relatively speaking, and compared to much of Randy Edsall's first four seasons in College Park, the Terps got off to a rousing start in 2014, winning five of their first seven games. They then limped home with a 2-4 finish, punctuated by a 24-point loss to Stanford in the Foster Farms Bowl. Like it or not, The Terps could very well be back in rebuilding mode, what with just 10 returning starters on both sides of the ball and a schedule that includes road trips to West Virginia, Ohio State, Iowa and Michigan State as well as a home game against West power Wisconsin. Given that combination, getting back to a bowl game would serve as a huge plus for Edsall's program.
6. Indiana (4-8)
It's very simple for the Hoosiers: either win and make a bowl game, or the program will be looking for a new head coach following the upcoming season. In four years thus far, the Kevin Wilson experiment has netted just 14 wins, with seven of those coming against Power Five teams and six against conference members. For IU to get back to a bowl game for the first time since 2007 — and just the second time since 1993 — they'll need to take advantage of a slate that includes five very winnable games; if they can squeeze out an upset along the way, they could very well go bowling — and save Wilson's job in the process.
7. Rutgers (8-5; beat North Carolina in Quick Lane Bowl)
If this particular prediction were to ultimately come to fruition, Rutgers would be the next Big Ten school looking for a new head coach. Normally a coach that went 8-5 in the program's first season in a Power Five conference wouldn't even be remotely close to the hot seat, but Kyle Flood's recent off-field issue will place even more pressure on the fourth-year coach to win and win bigger than last season's surprise total. That, though, could prove to be an impossible row to hoe. Not only do the Scarlet Knights return just 10 starters, they also lost 28 lettermen with varied amounts of experience and playing time, further exposing a glaring lack of depth compared to just one season ago. Adding to the potential 2015 angst is that, in addition to the East heavyweights, RU also drew West stalwarts Nebraska and Wisconsin. In fact, it's conceivable and not even remotely out of the question that the Scarlet Knights could go winless in conference play.
BIG TEN WEST
1. Nebraska (9-4; lost to USC in Holiday Bowl)
The first season post-Bo Pelini in Lincoln is expected to be a breath of fresh air both on and off the field. Mike Riley is a big reason for that, although how quickly the Cornhuskers adapt to his style of offense will likely determine whether or not this first-year prediction of success is overly optimistic. NU was on the cusp of grabbing a divisional talent last season before dropping back-to-back November games against Wisconsin and Minnesota. This season, the 'Huskers get the Badgers at home, although they'll have to make a mid-October trip to the Gophers. One other question mark? Replacing a handful of playmakers on the defensive side of the ball.
2. Wisconsin (11-3; beat Auburn in Outback Bowl)
Whether it was Barry Alvarez or Bret Bielema or Gary Andersen, the Badgers merely locked and reloaded at running back, along the offensive line and on defense from year to year to year with great success. Can they do the same under first-year head coach and former UW offensive coordinator Paul Chryst? The Badgers should again have one of the best defenses in the conference as well as one of the top running games in college football, although, again, the team will likely struggle to make gains through the air. If they flip the script on the latter, though, they could be one of the most dangerous teams in the country and very well make it back to yet another conference championship game. Another plus? They avoid both Ohio State and Michigan State in the regular season, although they do have to travel to both Lincoln and Minneapolis.
3. Minnesota (8-5; lost to Missouri in Citrus Bowl)
How close were the Gophers to an absolutely epic 2014 season? They held a four-point third-quarter lead in the regular-season finale against Wisconsin in a game that, with a win, would've meant a trip to Indianapolis for the Big Ten championship. They lost that lead, then proceeded to lose both their bowl game (by double digits to Mizzou) and 12 starters, including leading rusher David Cobb, leading receiver Maxx Williams and their two most productive players on the defensive side of the ball. Perhaps the best news? They get both Nebraska and Wisconsin at home.
4. Northwestern (5-7)
Call this slotting a hunch. Or a significant reach. One of the two. After going bowling for five straight seasons from 2008-12, the Wildcats have back-to-back postseason-less years from which they're attempting to bounce back. Returning 14 starters is a good start to the rebound; the schedule makers didn't do the Evanston bunch many favors, though, as they'll tackle Stanford in the opener, Duke and Michigan on the road as well as a home date against Penn State — and that's in addition to the divisional games against Nebraska, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa. While it won't be easy, look for the Wildcats to get back to at least six wins and into a bowl game.
5. Iowa (7-6; lost to Tennessee in Taxslayer Bowl)
From 2002 through 2009, the Hawkeyes averaged nearly nine wins per season; in the five years since, they've averaged less than seven, and finished fourth or worse in the Big Ten in four of those seasons. Last year, they didn't beat a single FBS program that ended the year with a winning record. Entering his 17th season at the school, and despite the lack of recent success, Kirk Ferentz has the benefit of a very loyal athletic department — and a hefty buyout that, in essence, handcuffs said department. The 2015 season should serve up more of the same style of play on the field: running game-centric offense, brutish defense and just hanging around in games long enough and often enough to qualify for another third-tier bowl game. How long the fair-to-middlin' results will continue to be acceptable to the Hawkeye faithful — and boosters — remains to be seen.
6. Illinois (6-7; lost to Louisiana Tech in Heart of Dallas Bowl)
A two-game winning streak at the end of last season put the Illini into a bowl game and saved Tim Beckman's job; his alleged treatment of players, though, forced the athletic department's hand and resulted in Beckman being dismissed exactly one week before the season opener. Enter offensive coordinator Bill Cubit as the interim coach, although, from a projection standpoint, not much should really change. The Illini actually returns 15 starters — that's in the top third of the Big Ten — including a starting quarterback in Wes Lunt who has the talent to be productive and thrive in this offensive system if he can only stay healthy. Looking at the schedule, though, four wins seem to be a reasonable projection while five wins appears to be the best to which the Illini can aspire. Should they get to 6-8 wins? There may be no need to conduct a coaching search after all.
7. Purdue (3-9)
Let's just get straight to the point. Darrell Hazell has won a mere four games in his first two seasons in West Lafayette, including one lone win in Big Ten play. His non-conference schedule this season includes Virginia Tech and a road trip to defending Conference USA champion Marshall, while there's a better-than-average chance he will go winless in conference play for the second time in three years. If the 15 returning starters can improve enough, there's a chance the Boilermakers could, akin to a fat man shimmying into a pair of skinny jeans, squeeze its way into a postseason bid, which is likely the only way this branch of the Jim Tressel coaching tree gets another season.
CONFERENCE CHAMPIONSHIP GAME PREDICTION
Ohio State over Nebraska
Tags: Christian Hackenberg, Connor Cook, David Cobb, Illinois, Maxx Williams, Minnesota, MSU, PSU, Wes Lunt, Christian Hackenberg, Connor Cook, David Cobb, Maxx Williams, Wes Lunt
Potential Maxx Williams successor for Gophers granted sixth year
By John TaylorMay 6, 2015, 9:39 AM EDT
It looks as if the potential, or even likely, successor to All-American tight end Maxx Williams will head into the 2015 season armed with another season in his back pocket. Provided he can stay healthy, of course.
While Minnesota has yet to confirm it, Duke Anyanwu took to Twitter Tuesday to announce that his medical hardship waiver for a sixth season of eligibility has been approved by the NCAA. The tight end missed the entire 2014 season after sustaining a torn ACL during summer camp last August. He also took a redshirt for his true freshman season in 2012 after tearing an ACL a first time.
The waiver means that, including 2015, Anyanwu will have three seasons of eligibility remaining.
Received some great news today as my request for a 6th Year of Eligibility was granted!!! #SoMuchSchool #GoGophers
— Duke Anyanwu, Jr. (@DAnyanwu_81) May 5, 2015
The 6-4, 239-pound Anyanwu has played in exactly one game for the Gophers, the 2013 season opener against Western Illinois. Despite his lack of experience or receptions at this level, and despite the injuries, Anyanwu is viewed as one of the favorites to replace Williams at tight end.
To buttress that potential front-runner status, Anyanwu had entered camp last year as Williams' primary backup prior to his latest injury.
Tags: Maxx Williams, Minnesota
Maxx out: Gophers TE leaving early for NFL
By John TaylorJan 2, 2015, 5:59 PM EST
In a move that's been expected, Minnesota has officially learned it will definitely have to replace a key piece of its offensive puzzle this season.
Friday afternoon, Maxx Williams announced that he is indeed leaving his remaining eligibility on the table and will make himself available for the 2015 NFL draft. Williams actually has two years of eligibility remaining as he's a redshirt sophomore.
"We appreciate all that Maxx and his family have done for the program," said head coach Jerry Kill in a statement. "They are great people and we wish nothing but the best for Maxx as he begins his professional career. Maxx has been an integral part in laying the foundation for our program and has helped move our team forward."
Williams played in 25 games for Minnesota and ends his collegiate career with 61 receptions for 986 yards and 13 touchdowns. This season, Williams' 36 catches for 569 yards and eight touchdowns all led the Gophers.
Just the third sophomore to be named a John Mackey Award finalist, Williams was a first-team All-American according to numerous media outlets.
No. 16 Missouri uses running game to pull away from No. 25 Minnesota for Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl victory
By Kevin McGuireJan 1, 2015, 4:20 PM EST
For the second season in a row, Missouri ended its season with a win in a bowl game while representing the SEC. No. 16 Missouri pulled away from No. 25 Minnesota in the Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl Thursday afternoon in Orlando, Florida, winning 33-17 to even the SEC's record against the Big Ten this bowl season.
Russell Hansbrough ripped off a 78-yard touchdown midway through the fourth quarter to boost a two-point advantage over the Gophers to a 26-17 lead, and Maty Mauk completed a seven-yard touchdown pass to Bud Sasser later in the fourth quarter for what was effectively a knockout blow for the Tigers. Missouri shrugged aside a sluggish start to the game with a pair of turnovers by way of intercepted passes on the first two possessions of the afternoon, and came back to play a physical game. Mauk played a role in that as well with 38 hard-earned rushing yards and a touchdown that saw Mauk being the last man standing despite being tackled by one Minnesota player and another coming in for a helmet-to-helmet hit. Mauk was charged with emotion as his touchdown run gave Missouri a 19-14 lead following a failed two-point conversion attempt.
Minnesota may not have had many highlights, but tight end Maxx Williams may have turned in one of the best plays of the bowl season. Williams caught a pass and started to work his way down the left sideline. With a Missouri defended looking to force him out of bounds from the front, Williams took to the air to hurdle the defender. He then raced down field and left the Missouri defenders in the dust en route to an amazing 54-yards touchdown pass from Mitch Leidner.
The Tigers owned the advantage on the ground too. Marcus Murphy led all players with 157 rushing yards and Hansbrough added another 114 yards on the ground. Minnesota's David Cobb ended his day with 81 rushing yards.
The win by Missouri was the fifth by the SEC this bowl season, improving the SEC's bowl record to 5-4. That includes winning records against the ACC and Big 12 and a .500 mark against the Big Ten (with two more match-ups against the Big Ten to be played). The SEC East is now 3-0 in bowl action as well.
The Big Ten dropped to 3-4 as a result of this game, and with Michigan State trailing Baylor it looks as though the Big Ten is in at risk of a losing record this bowl season (Well, Michigan State just won, so forget about that thought for now). Ohio State and Iowa are the only two bowl teams remaining for the conference.
Tags: Bud Sasser, David Cobb, Marcus Murphy, Maty Mauk, Maxx Williams, Minnesota, Missouri, Mitch Leidner, Russell Hansbrough
Report: Minnesota TE Maxx Williams will turn pro after bowl game
By Brent SobleskiDec 26, 2014, 10:36 PM EST
The Minnesota Golden Gophers will have to replace the program's most talented player for the second straight season.
Once Ra'Shede Hageman graduated a year ago, tight end Maxx Williams became the focal point of opponents' game plans. Williams didn't disappoint either.
Even with two years of eligibility remaining, the redshirt sophomore will reportedly enter the 2015 NFL draft, according to Darren Wolfson of 1500 ESPN in Twin Cities.
"Sources also indicate that they realize the 2015 Draft is not strong for tight ends," Wolfson wrote. "The expectation is that Williams can go as high as the late first or second round. He did submit his name to the NFL Draft Advisory Board, and the belief is the feedback they will continue to provide will cement his decision."
The tight end finished first on the team with 29 receptions for 471 yards and seven touchdowns. When the Golden Gophers required a big play in the passing game, the pass was almost always intended for Williams.
As a result, Williams was a finalist for the Mackey Award as the nation's best tight end.
With Williams and senior running back David Cobb both headed to the NFL, Jerry Kill's staff will be forced to replace over 47 percent of the team's offense next season.
But there still is one more game to go this year. Williams will be on display Jan. 1 during the Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl against the No. 16 Missouri Tigers.
Tags: David Cobb, Maxx Williams, Minnesota, Minnesota Gophers
CFT 2015 Preseason Preview: Big Ten Predictions August 31, 2015 10:10 am Potential Maxx Williams successor for Gophers granted sixth year May 6, 2015 9:39 am Maxx out: Gophers TE leaving early for NFL January 2, 2015 5:59 pm No. 16 Missouri uses running game to pull away from No. 25 Minnesota for Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl victory January 1, 2015 4:20 pm Report: Minnesota TE Maxx Williams will turn pro after bowl game December 26, 2014 10:36 pm Mariota, Gordon headline Phil Steele All-America team December 18, 2014 6:37 pm FSU's Nick O'Leary claims Mackey Award as nation's top TE December 10, 2014 1:51 pm Big Ten announces all-conference teams, individual award winners December 1, 2014 8:54 pm Guy, Mackey, O'Brien, Outland, Thorpe awards announce finalists November 26, 2014 6:56 am Nation's top tight ends named semifinalists for John Mackey Award November 17, 2014 1:42 pm The Fifth Quarter: Week 11 Rewind November 9, 2014 2:44 am John Mackey Award announces 33-member midseason Watch List October 13, 2014 9:13 pm Jerry Kill's return to sideline sparks Gophers but Syracuse pulls out Texas Bowl win December 27, 2013 9:34 pm


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Community, Coronavirus, Health, Minnesota, News, News - Latest News
Northland Health Experts Warn of 'Severe' Flu Season to Come, On Top of Pandemic
The shadow looming over all this, according to experts, is the stress healthcare systems nationwide are already under.
Arman Rahman,
DULUTH, Minn.- According to Northland health experts, the outlook for this year's flu season is not good, as they prepare for a one-two punch of the flu and the ongoing COVID-19 surge. "A lot of people are back out doing their normal activities, we're not in quarantine so those factors will play a role in what could be a severe…
Community, Minnesota, News, News - Latest News
Judy Garland Museum Seeing Strong Visitation in 2021
A Recent $10,000 Donation from Celebrity John Oliver is Helping Keep the Museum in Good Standing Financially
GRAND RAPIDS, Minn. – The COVID-19 pandemic continues to leave small, non-profit organizations scrambling to pay the bills from month to month. Staff at the Judy Garland Museum are thankful for visitors, and the recent visibility they've received from a well-known celebrity. If you're off to see the wizard in Northern Minnesota, you'll end up smack dab in the middle…
Business, Community, Great Outdoors, Links, Minnesota, News, News - Latest News
Pandemic Prompting More People to Hit the Slopes at Lutsen Mountains
With Safety Precautions in Place, Staff at Lutsen Mountains is Ready to Welcome Visitors to the Slopes
LUTSEN, Minn. – It's known as cabin fever, and this year, we may find ourselves letting it sink in earlier due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, many winter weather enthusiasts are embracing current restrictions and taking a trip up the North Shore. "If you would like an action-packed, nature-filled, beautiful landscape ski resort, come to Lutsen Mountains," exclaimed Rhylee Octavion,…
Business, Community, Coronavirus, Minnesota, News, News - Latest News
Pandemic Forces 'Art in the Alley' to Leave Downtown Duluth, Focus on Miller Hill Mall
The owner says the pandemic is pushing more people to the mall, and therefore her business.
DULUTH, Minn.- A longtime retailer in Duluth, Art in the Alley was forced out of their location on East Superior Street by the pandemic. The owner, now focusing her attention on sales at the Miller Hill Mall — where she says business is booming. "The thing about being a small business owner, 13 years in may we've been through a…
Community, Coronavirus, Minnesota, News, News - Latest News
CHUM Food Shelf Sees Record Demand in 2020, Year Ahead Looks No Better
The food shelf served more than 16,000 people in 2020, and staff expects the need to go up as much as 20% in 2021.
DULUTH, Minn.- The effects of the Coronavirus pandemic left more than 15,000 people in the Twin Ports to rely on CHUM's Food Shelf to put food on the table — an increased demand they haven't seen in more than a decade. "In my tenure it was a pretty big record setting year on my terms," Distributive Services Director Scott Van…
Community, Entertainment, Links, Minnesota, News, News - Latest News
Minnesota Discovery Center Looks Ahead to Jan. 12 Reopening
Due to Current COVID-19 Restrictions in Minnesota, Minnesota Discovery Center Remains Closed to the Public
CHISHOLM, Minn. – Creativity is on overdrive at the Minnesota Discovery Center in Chisolm as staff work to navigate through the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Aside from the center's gift shop, the facility remains closed due to restrictions put in place by Minnesota Governor Tim Walz. However, there is a light at the end of the tunnel. The Center will be…


Cast Lesser Call of the Wild when you swap pets.
Fixed a bug in which the availability enhancement was not removed upon activation.
Fixed a bug that prevented the blast finisher from this trait from working with combo fields created by your pet.
This trait now casts Lesser Call of the Wild when you swap pets.
Lesser Call of the Wild has a shorter cooldown and grants shorter duration enhancements than Call of the Wild.
Fixed a timing issue that prevented the ranger's new pet from gaining the boons from this trait upon appearance.
An icon will now display when Clarion Bond is available.
Added a 30-second recharge to the skill Call of the Wild, which is triggered by this trait.
Clarion Bond has been added to the game.
This page was last edited on 5 December 2017, at 19:12.