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The barn owl (Tyto alba) is the most widely distributed species of owl in the world and one of the most widespread of all species of birds, being found almost everywhere except for the polar and desert regions, Asia north of the Himalayas, most of Indonesia, and some Pacific Islands. It is also known as the common barn owl, to distinguish it from the other species in its family, Tytonidae, which forms one of the two main lineages of living owls, the other being the typical owls (Strigidae).

There are at least three major lineages of barn owl: the western barn owl of Europe, western Asia, and Africa; the eastern barn owl of southeastern Asia and Australasia; and the American barn owl of the Americas. Some taxonomic authorities classify barn owls differently, recognising up to five separate species; and further research needs to be done to resolve the disparate taxonomies. There is considerable variation of size and colour among the approximately 28 subspecies, but most are between  in length, with wingspans ranging from . The plumage on the head and back is a mottled shade of grey or brown; that on the underparts varies from white to brown and is sometimes speckled with dark markings. The face is characteristically heart-shaped and is white in most subspecies. This owl does not hoot, but utters an eerie, drawn-out screech.

The barn owl is nocturnal over most of its range; but in Great Britain and some Pacific Islands, it also hunts by day. Barn owls specialise in hunting animals on the ground and nearly all of their food consists of small mammals, which they locate by sound, their hearing being very acute. The owls usually mate for life unless one of the pair is killed, whereupon a new pair bond may be formed. Breeding takes place at varying times of the year, according to the locality, with a clutch of eggs, averaging about four in number, being laid in a nest in a hollow tree, old building, or fissure in a cliff. The female does all the incubation, and she and the young chicks are reliant on the male for food. When large numbers of small prey are readily available, barn owl populations can expand rapidly; and globally the bird is considered to be of least conservation concern. Some subspecies with restricted ranges are more threatened.

Etymology
The barn owl was one of several species of bird first described in 1769 by the Tyrolean physician and naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his  Anni Historico-Naturales. He gave it the scientific name Strix alba. As more species of owl were described, the genus Strix (from the Greek , , "owl") came to refer solely to the wood owls in the typical-owl family Strigidae, and the barn owl became Tyto alba in the barn-owl family Tytonidae. Tyto alba literally means 'white owl', from the onomatopoeic Ancient Greek  (, 'owl') – compare English "hooter" – and Latin , 'white'.

The bird is known by many common names that refer to its appearance, call, habitat, or its eerie, silent flight: white owl, silver owl, demon owl, ghost owl, death owl, night owl, rat owl, church owl, cave owl, stone owl, monkey-faced owl, hissing owl, hobgoblin or hobby owl, dobby owl, white-breasted owl, golden owl, screech owl, straw owl, barnyard owl, and delicate owl. "Golden owl" might also refer to the related golden masked owl (T. aurantia). "Hissing owl" and, particularly in the U.K. and in India, "screech owl" refer to the piercing calls of these birds. The latter name is also applied to a different group of birds, the screech-owls in the genus Megascops.

Description

The barn owl is a medium-sized, pale-coloured owl with long wings and a short, squarish tail. There is considerable size variation across the subspecies with a typical specimen measuring about  in overall length, with a wingspan of some . Adult body mass is also variable with male owls from the Galapagos weighing  while male Pacific barn owls average . In general, owls living on small islands are smaller and lighter, perhaps because they have a higher dependence on insect prey and need to be more manoeuvrable. The shape of the tail is a means of distinguishing the barn owl from typical owls when seen in the air. Other distinguishing features are the undulating flight pattern and the dangling, feathered legs. The pale face with its heart shape and black eyes give the flying bird a distinctive appearance, like a flat mask with oversized, oblique black eyeslits, the ridge of feathers above the bill somewhat resembling a nose.

The bird's head and upper body typically vary between pale brown and some shade of grey (especially on the forehead and back) in most subspecies. Some are purer, richer brown instead, and all have fine black-and-white speckles except on the remiges and rectrices (main wing feathers), which are light brown with darker bands. The heart-shaped face is usually bright white, but in some subspecies it is brown. The underparts, including the tarsometatarsal (lower leg) feathers, vary from white to reddish buff among the subspecies, and are either mostly unpatterned or bear a varying number of tiny blackish-brown speckles. It has been found that at least in the continental European populations, females with more spotting are healthier than plainer birds. This does not hold true for European males by contrast, where the spotting varies according to subspecies. The bill varies from pale horn to dark buff, corresponding to the general plumage hue, and the iris is blackish brown. The toes, like the bill, vary in colour, ranging from pink to dark pinkish-grey and the talons are black.

Both leucistic and melanistic barn owls have been recorded in the wild and in captivity, with melanistic individuals estimated to occur with odds of 1 out of every 100,000 birds.

On average within any one population, males tend to have fewer spots on the underside and are paler in colour than females. The latter are also larger with a strong female T. alba of a large subspecies weighing over 550 g (19.4 oz), while males are typically about 10% lighter. Nestlings are covered in white down, but the heart-shaped facial disk becomes visible soon after hatching.

Contrary to popular belief, the barn owl does not hoot (such calls are made by typical owls, like the tawny owl or other members of the genus Strix). It instead produces a characteristic piercing shree scream, ear-shattering at close range, an eerie, long-drawn-out shriek. Males in courtship give a shrill twitter. Both young and old can hiss like a snake to scare away intruders. Other sounds produced include a purring chirrup denoting pleasure, and a "kee-yak", which resembles one of the vocalisations of the tawny owl. When captured or cornered, the barn owl throws itself on its back and flails with sharp-taloned feet, making for an effective defence. In such situations it may emit rasping sounds or clicking snaps, produced probably by the bill but possibly by the tongue.

Distribution

The barn owl is the most widespread landbird species in the world, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Its range includes all of Europe (except Fennoscandia and Malta), most of Africa apart from the Sahara, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Australia, many Pacific Islands, and North-, Central-, and South America. In general, it is considered to be sedentary; and, indeed, many individuals, having taken up residence in a particular location, remain there even when better nearby foraging areas are available. In the British Isles, the young seem largely to disperse along river corridors; and the distance travelled from their natal site averages about .

In continental Europe the dispersal distance is greater, commonly somewhere between  but exceptionally , with ringed birds from the Netherlands ending up in Spain and in Ukraine. In the United States, dispersal is typically over distances of , with the most travelled individuals ending up some  from their points of origin. Dispersal movements in the African continent include  from Senegambia to Sierra Leone and up to  within South Africa. In Australia there is some migration as the birds move towards the northern coast in the dry season and southward in the wet season, as well as nomadic movements in association with rodent plagues. Occasionally, some of these birds turn up on Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, or New Zealand, showing that crossing the ocean is within their capabilities. In 2008, barn owls were recorded for the first time breeding in New Zealand. The barn owl has been successfully introduced into the Hawaiian island of Kauai in an attempt to control rodents; distressingly, it has been found to also feed on native birds.

Taxonomy

The ashy-faced owl (T. glaucops) was for some time included in T. alba. Based on DNA evidence, König, Weick & Becking (2009) recognised the American barn owl (T. furcata) and the Curaçao barn owl (T. bargei) as separate species. They proposed that T. a. delicatula should be split off as a separate species, to be known as the eastern barn owl, which would include the subspecies T. d. delicatula, T. d. sumbaensis, T. d. meeki, T. d. crassirostris, and T. d. interposita. As of 2021, the International Ornithological Committee had not accepted the split of Tyto delicatula from T. alba.

Some island subspecies are occasionally treated as distinct species, a move which should await further research into barn owl phylogeography. According to Murray Bruce in Handbook of Birds of the World Volume 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds, "a review of the whole group [is] long overdue". Molecular analysis of mitochondrial DNA shows a separation of the species into two clades, an Old World alba and a New World furcata, but this study did not include T. a. delicatula, which the authors seem to have accepted as a separate species. Extensive genetic variation was found between the Indonesian T. a. stertens and other members of the alba clade, leading to the separation of stertens into Tyto javanica.

Twenty to thirty subspecies are usually recognized, varying mainly in body proportions, size, and colour. Barn owls range in colour from the almost beige-and-white nominate subspecies alba, erlangeri, and niveicauda, to the nearly black-and-brown contempta. Island forms are mostly smaller than mainland ones, and those inhabiting forests have darker plumage and shorter wings than those living in open grasslands. Several subspecies are generally considered to be intergrades between more distinct populations.

In Handbook of Birds of the World Volume 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds, the following subspecies are listed:

Behaviour and ecology
Like most owls, the barn owl is nocturnal, relying on its acute sense of hearing when hunting in complete darkness. It often becomes active shortly before dusk but can sometimes be seen during the day when relocating from one roosting site to another. In Britain, on various Pacific Islands, and perhaps elsewhere, it sometimes hunts by day. The owl's daylight hunting may depend on whether it can avoid being mobbed by other birds during that time. In Britain, some birds continue to hunt by day—even when mobbed by such birds as magpies, rooks, and black-headed gulls—possibly because the previous night has been wet, making night hunting difficult. By contrast, in southern Europe and the tropics, the birds seem to be almost exclusively nocturnal, with the few birds that hunt by day being severely mobbed.
In some cases, an owl feeling threatened by the mobbing of a crow may become aggressive enough to decapitate the crow.

Barn owls are not particularly territorial but have a home range inside which they forage. For males in Scotland this home range has a radius of about  from the nest site and an average area of about . Female home ranges largely coincide with that of their mates. Outside the breeding season, males and females usually roost separately, each one having about three favoured sites in which to conceal themselves by day, and which are also visited for short periods during the night. Roosting sites include holes in trees, fissures in cliffs, disused buildings, chimneys, and hay sheds, and are often small in comparison to nesting sites. As the breeding season approaches, the birds move back to the vicinity of a chosen nest to roost. In a situation where a bird (e.g., pigeon) intrudes an owl nest, a male barn owl is observed to be docile and curious, while a female owl is protective of its chicks and may attack the bird, and the chicks themselves are seen to display a defensive behaviour.

The barn owl is a bird of open country, such as farmland or grassland with some interspersed woodland, usually at altitudes below  but occasionally as high as  in the tropics, such as in Ethiopia's Degua Tembien mountain range. This owl prefers to hunt along the edges of woods or in rough grass strips adjoining pasture. It has an effortless wavering flight as it quarters the ground, alert to the sounds made by potential prey. Like most owls, the barn owl flies silently; tiny serrations on the leading edges of its flight feathers and a hairlike fringe on the trailing edges help to break up the flow of air over the wings, thereby reducing turbulence and the noise that accompanies it. Hairlike extensions to the barbules of its feathers, which give the plumage a soft feel, also minimise noise produced during wingbeats. Behavioural and environmental preferences may differ slightly even between neighbouring subspecies, as shown in the case of the European T. a. guttata and  T. a. alba, which probably evolved, respectively, in allopatric glacial refugia in southeastern Europe, and in Iberia or southern France.

Hunting and feeding
Hunting in twilight or at night, the barn owl can target its prey and dive to the ground. Its legs and toes are long and slender, which improves its ability to forage among dense foliage or beneath the snow, and gives it a wide spread of talons when attacking prey. This bird hunts by flying slowly, quartering the ground and hovering over spots that may conceal prey. It has long, broad wings that enable it to manoeuvre and turn abruptly. It has acute hearing, with ears placed asymmetrically, which improves detection of sound position and distance; the bird does not require sight to hunt. The facial disc helps with the bird's hearing, as is shown by the fact that, with the ruff feathers removed, the bird can still determine a sound source's direction, although without the disc it can't determine the source's height. It may perch on branches, fence posts, or other lookouts to scan its surroundings; and this is the main means of prey location in the oil palm plantations of Malaysia.

Rodents and other small mammals may constitute over ninety percent of the prey caught. Birds are also taken, as well as lizards, amphibians, fish, and insects. Even when they are plentiful, and other prey scarce, earthworms do not seem to be consumed. In North America and most of Europe, voles predominate in the diet and shrews are the second most common food choice. In Ireland, the accidental introduction of the bank vole in the 1950s led to a major shift in the barn owl's diet: where their ranges overlap, the vole is now by far the largest prey item. Mice and rats are the main foodstuffs in the Mediterranean region, the tropics, subtropics, and Australia. Gophers, muskrats, hares, rabbits, and bats are also preyed upon. Barn owls are usually specialist feeders in productive areas and generalists in areas where prey is scarce.

On the Cape Verde Islands, geckos are the mainstay of the diet, supplemented by birds such as plovers, godwits, turnstones, weavers, and pratincoles. On a rocky islet off the coast of California, a clutch of four young were being reared on a diet of Leach's storm petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa). On bird-rich islands, a barn owl might include birds as some fifteen to twenty percent of its diet, while in grassland it will gorge itself on swarming termites, or on Orthoptera such as Copiphorinae katydids, Jerusalem crickets (Stenopelmatidae), or true crickets (Gryllidae). Smaller prey is usually torn into chunks and eaten completely, including bones and fur, while prey larger than about —such as baby rabbits, Cryptomys blesmols, or Otomys vlei rats—is usually dismembered and the inedible parts discarded.

Compared to other owls of similar size, the barn owl has a much higher metabolic rate, requiring relatively more food. Relative to its size, barn owls consume more rodents. Studies have shown that an individual barn owl may eat one or more voles (or their equivalent) per night, equivalent to about fourteen percent of the bird's bodyweight. Excess food is often cached at roosting sites and can be used when food is scarce. This makes the barn owl one of the most economically valuable wildlife animals for agriculture. Farmers often find these owls more effective than poison in keeping down rodent pests, and they can encourage barn owl habitation by providing nesting sites.

Breeding

Barn owls living in tropical regions can breed at any time of year, but some seasonality in nesting is still evident. Where there are distinct wet and dry seasons, egg-laying usually takes place during the dry season, with increased rodent prey becoming available to the birds as the vegetation dies off. In arid regions, such as parts of Australia, breeding may be irregular and may happen in wet periods, with the resultant temporary increase in the populations of small mammals. In temperate climates, nesting seasons become more distinct, and there are some seasons of the year when no egg-laying takes place. In Europe and North America, most nesting takes place between March and June, when temperatures are increasing. The actual dates of egg-laying vary by year and by location, being correlated with the amount of prey-rich foraging habitat around the nest site. An increase in rodent populations will usually stimulate the local barn owls to begin nesting, and, consequently, two broods are often raised in a good year, even in the cooler parts of the owl's range.

Females are ready to breed at ten to eleven months of age. Barn owls are usually monogamous, sticking to one partner for life unless one of a pair dies. During the non-breeding season they may roost separately, but as the breeding season approaches, they return to their established nesting site, showing considerable site fidelity. In colder climates, in harsh weather, and where winter food supplies may be scarce, they may roost in farm buildings and in barns between hay bales, but they then run the risk that their selected nesting hole may be taken over by some other species. Single males may establish feeding territories, patrolling the hunting areas, occasionally stopping to hover, and perching on lofty eminences where they screech to attract a mate. Where a female has lost her mate but maintained her breeding site, she usually seems to attract a new spouse.

Once a pair-bond has been formed, the male will make short flights at dusk around the nesting and roosting sites and then longer circuits to establish a home range. When he is later joined by the female, there is much chasing, turning, and twisting in flight, and frequent screeches, the male's being high-pitched and tremulous and the female's lower and harsher. In later stages of courtship, the male emerges at dusk, climbs high into the sky, and then swoops back to the vicinity of the female at speed. He then sets off to forage. The female meanwhile sits in an eminent position and preens, returning to the nest a minute or two before the male arrives with food for her. Such feeding behaviour of the female by the male is common, helps build the pair-bond, and increases the female's fitness before egg-laying commences.

Barn owls are cavity nesters. They choose holes in trees, fissures in cliff faces, the large nests of other birds such as the hamerkop (Scopus umbretta), and, particularly in Europe and North America, old buildings such as farm sheds and church towers. Buildings are preferred to trees in wetter climates in the British Isles and provide better protection for fledglings from inclement weather. Tree nests tend to be in open habitats rather than in the middle of woodland, and nest holes tend to be higher in North America than in Europe, because of possible predation by raccoons (Procyon lotor). No nesting material is used as such but, as the female sits incubating the eggs, she draws in the dry furry material of which her regurgitated pellets are composed, so that by the time the chicks are hatched, they are surrounded by a carpet of shredded pellets. Oftentimes other birds such as jackdaws (Corvus monedula) nest in the same hollow tree or building and seem to live harmoniously with the owls.

Before commencing laying, the female spends much time near the nest and is entirely provisioned by the male. Meanwhile, the male roosts nearby and may cache any prey that is surplus to their requirements. When the female has reached peak weight, the male provides a ritual presentation of food and copulation occurs at the nest. The female lays eggs on alternate days and the clutch size averages about five eggs (the range being two to nine). The eggs are chalky white, somewhat elliptical, and about the size of bantam eggs. Incubation begins as soon as the first egg is laid. While the female is sitting on the nest, the male is constantly bringing more provisions, and they may pile up beside the female. The incubation period is about thirty days, hatching takes place over a prolonged period, and the youngest chick may be several weeks younger than its oldest sibling. In years with a plentiful supply of food, there may be a hatching success rate of about 75%. The male continues to copulate with the female when he brings food, which makes the newly hatched chicks vulnerable to injury.

The chicks are at first covered with greyish-white down and develop rapidly. Within a week they can hold their heads up and shuffle around in the nest. The female tears up the food brought by the male and distributes it to the chicks. Initially, the chicks make a "chittering" sound but this soon changes into a food-demanding "snore". By two weeks old they are already half their adult weight and look naked, as the amount of down is insufficient to cover their growing bodies. By three weeks old, quills are starting to push through the skin and the chicks stand, making snoring noises with wings raised and tail stumps waggling, begging for food items which are now given whole. Atypically among birds, barn owl chicks can "negotiate" and allow weaker ones to eat first, possibly in exchange for grooming. The male is the main provider of food until all the chicks are at least four weeks old, at which time the female begins to leave the nest and starts to roost elsewhere. By the sixth week the chicks are as big as the adults, but have slimmed down somewhat by the ninth week when they are fully fledged and start leaving the nest briefly themselves. They are still dependent on the parent birds until about thirteen weeks and receive training from the female in finding, and eventually catching, prey.

Moulting
Feathers become abraded over time and all birds need to replace them at intervals. Barn owls are particularly dependent on their ability to fly quietly and manoeuvre efficiently. In temperate areas the owls undergo a prolonged moult that lasts through three phases over a period of two years. The female starts to moult while incubating the eggs and brooding the chicks, a time when the male feeds her, so she does not need to fly much. The first primary feather to be shed is a central one, number 6, and it has regrown completely by the time the female resumes hunting. Feathers 4, 5, 7, and 8 are dropped at a similar time the following year and feathers 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10 in the bird's third year of adulthood. The secondary and tail feathers are lost and replaced over a similar timescale, again starting while incubation is taking place. In the case of the tail, the two outermost tail feathers are first shed, followed by the two central ones, the other tail feathers being shed the following year.

The male owl moults rather later in the year than the female, at a time when there is an abundance of food, the female has recommenced hunting, and the demands of the chicks are lessening. Unmated males without family responsibilities often start losing feathers earlier in the year. Their moult follows a pattern similarly prolonged as that of the female. The first sign that the male is moulting is often when a tail feather has been dropped at the roost. A consequence of moulting is the loss of thermal insulation. This is of little importance in the tropics, and barn owls there usually moult a complete complement of flight feathers annually. The hot-climate moult may still take place over a long period but is usually concentrated at a particular time of year outside the breeding season.

Predators and parasites

Predators of the barn owl include large American opossums (Didelphis), the common raccoon, and similar carnivorous mammals, as well as eagles, larger hawks, and other owls. Among the latter, the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), in the Americas, and the Eurasian eagle-owl (B. bubo) are noted predators of barn owls. Despite some sources claiming that there is little evidence of predation by great horned owls, one study from Washington found that 10.9% of the local great horned owl's diet was made up of barn owls. In Africa, the principal predators of barn owls are Verreaux's eagle-owls (Bubo lacteus) and Cape eagle-owls (B. capensis). In Europe, although less dangerous than the eagle-owls, the chief diurnal predators are the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) and the common buzzard (Buteo buteo). About 12 other large diurnal raptors and owls have also been reported as predators of barn owls, ranging from the similar-sized Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii) and scarcely larger tawny owl (Strix aluco) to huge bald (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). As a result of improved conservation measures, the populations of the northern goshawk and eagle-owls are increasing, thus increasing the incidence of hunting on barn owls where the species coexist.

When disturbed at its roosting site, an angry barn owl lowers its head and sways it from side to side, or the head may be lowered and stretched forward and the wings outstretched and drooped while the bird emits hisses and makes snapping noises with its beak. Another defensive attitude involves lying flat on the ground or crouching with wings spread out.

Barn owls are hosts to a wide range of parasites. Fleas are present at nesting sites, and externally the birds are attacked by feather lice and feather mites which chew the barbules of the feathers and which are transferred from bird to bird by direct contact. Blood-sucking flies, such as Ornithomyia avicularia, are often present, moving about among the plumage. Internal parasites include the fluke Strigea strigis, the tapeworm Paruternia candelabraria, several species of parasitic round worm, and spiny-headed worms in the genus Centrorhynchus. These gut parasites are acquired when the birds feed on infected prey. There is some indication that female birds with more and larger spots have a greater resistance to external parasites. This is correlated with smaller bursa of Fabricius, glands associated with antibody production, and a lower fecundity of the blood-sucking fly Carnus hemapterus, which attacks nestlings.

Lifespan

Unusually for a medium-sized carnivorous animal, the barn owl exhibits r-selection, producing a large number of offspring with a high growth rate, which have a low probability of surviving to adulthood. Its typical lifespan is around four years. In Scotland, the species has been recorded living up to 18 and possibly even 34 years. A significant cause of death in temperate areas is starvation, particularly during the winter, and with significant snow cover.

Collision with road vehicles is another cause of death, and may result when birds forage on mown verges. Some of these birds are in poor condition and may have been less able to evade oncoming vehicles than fit individuals. In some locations, road mortality rates can be particularly high, with collision rates being influenced by higher commercial traffic, roadside verges that are grass rather than shrubs, and where small mammals are abundant. Historically, many deaths were caused by the use of pesticides, and this may still be the case in some parts of the world. Collisions with power-lines kill some birds; and being shot accounts for others, especially in Mediterranean regions.

Status and conservation

Barn owls are relatively common throughout most of their range and not considered globally threatened. If considered as a single global species, the barn owl is the second most widely distributed of all raptors, behind only the peregrine falcon. It is wider-ranging than the also somewhat cosmopolitan osprey. Furthermore, the barn owl is likely the most numerous of all raptors, with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) estimating, for all barn owl individuals, a population possibly as large as nearly 10 million individuals (throughout the Americas, the American barn owl species may comprise nearly 2 million). Severe local declines due to organochlorine (e.g., DDT) poisoning in the mid 20th century and rodenticides in the late 20th century have affected some populations, particularly in Europe and North America. Intensification of agricultural practices often means that the rough grassland that provides the best foraging habitat is lost. While barn owls are prolific breeders and able to recover from short-term population decreases, they are not as common in some areas as they used to be. A 1995–1997 survey put their British population at between 3,000 and 5,000 breeding pairs, out of an average of about 150,000 pairs in the whole of Europe. In the US, barn owls are listed as endangered species in seven Midwestern states (Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Missouri), and in the European Community they are considered a Species of European Concern.

In Canada, barn owls are no longer common and are most likely to be found in coastal British Columbia south of Vancouver, having become extremely rare in a previous habitat, southern Ontario. In spite of a Recovery Strategy, particularly in 2007–2010 in Ontario, only a handful of wild, breeding barn owls existed in the province in 2018. This is primarily because of disappearing grasslands where the bird hunted in the past, but according to a study, also because of "harsh winters, predation, road mortality and use of rodenticides". The species is listed as endangered overall in Canada, due to loss of habitat and a lack of nesting sites.

In the Canary Islands, a somewhat larger number of these birds still seem to exist on the island of Lanzarote, but altogether this particular subspecies (T. a. gracilirostris, the Canary barn owl) is precariously rare: perhaps fewer than two hundred individuals still remain. Similarly, the birds on the western Canary Islands, which are usually assigned to this subspecies, have severely declined; and wanton destruction of the birds seems to be significant. On Tenerife they seem relatively numerous; but on the other islands the situation looks about as bleak as on Fuerteventura. Due to the assignment to this subspecies of birds common in mainland Spain, the western Canary Islands population is not classified as threatened.

Nest boxes are used primarily when populations suffer declines. Although such declines have many causes, among them are the lack of available natural nesting sites. Early successes among conservationists have led to the widespread provision of nest boxes, which has become the most used form of population management. The barn owl accepts the provided nest boxes and sometimes prefers them to natural sites. The nest boxes are placed under the eaves of buildings and in other locations. The upper bound of the number of barn owl pairs depends on the abundance of food at nesting sites. Conservationists encourage farmers and landowners to install nest boxes by pointing out that the resultant increased barn owl population would provide natural rodent control. In some conservation projects, the use of rodenticides for pest control was replaced by the installation of nest boxes for barn owls, which has been shown to be a less costly method of rodent control.

Cultural aspects
Common names such as "demon owl", "death owl", "ghost owl", or "lich owl" (from lich, an old term for a corpse) show that rural populations in many places considered barn owls to be birds of evil omen. For example, the Tzeltal people in Mexico regard them as "disease givers". These owls don't "hoot", instead emitting raspy screeches and hissing noises, and their white face and underbelly feathers, visible as they fly overhead, make them look "ghostly". Consequently, they were often killed by farmers who were unaware of the benefits these birds bring. Negative perceptions can also be attributed to the false belief that they could eat large animals, such as chickens and cats. In Thailand, there are similar beliefs like this. Thai people believe when the barn owl flies over or perches on the roof of any house, that house must have its inhabitants die. In South Africa, barn owls are often associated with witchcraft and are persecuted. In some South African cultures, these owls are used in 'muthi' (traditional medicine) and are believed to give special powers when consumed.

In India, beliefs about the barn owl are completely different. Hindus consider the species of owl to be the mount and symbol of Lakshmi, goddess of wealth and fortune.

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

 BrainMaps: Barn owl brain images
 Barn owl videos, photos and sounds—Internet Bird Collection
 Barn owl—USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
 Barn owl species account—Cornell Lab of Ornithology
 Ageing and sexing barn owls—Blasco-Zumeta, Javier; Heinze, Gerd-Michael
 Barn owl feathers
 Barn Owl sounds

Articles containing video clips
Birds described in 1769
Cosmopolitan birds
Falconry
Taxa named by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli
barn owl
Extant Quaternary first appearances


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Showing posts with label Gunsmoke. Show all posts
November 23: Happy Birthday, John Dehner
In the 1930's, thin, henna-headed John Dehner popped from show biz industry job to show biz industry job, jockeying discs and drawing cartoons for Disney. He even played some piano. One can see him dreaming of being in front of the camera, and it may have been the part of the villain he craved. That's what he's known for, anyway.
Dehner often played a crooked bank owner or a leader of a band of desperadoes in movies and TV Westerns. He was booked to play various bad guys in the radio version of Gunsmoke.
However, he wasn't always a villain or a one-time character. He landed the role of playing Paladin on the radio version of Have Gun--Will Travel. He co-starred with Ben Wright and Virginia Gregg.
We love the pencil-thin mustache, John. Thanks for the memories!
Labels: Ben Wright, Disney, Gunsmoke, have gun will travel, John Dehner, Virginia Gregg
June 22: Happy Birthday, Paul Frees
June 22, 1920 was when American voice and character actor Paul Frees was born. Born Solomon Hersh Frees, his voice range that covered multiple octave levels made Frees a popular pick for voice characterizations over 40 years.
To this day, some of his voice offerings can be found in the Disney company of entrees, including Walt Disney World. Beginning in 1942, Frees would extend his voice to cartoons, and other venues of entertainment...including commercials.
While beginning a career in radio, Frees was drafted into WWII and fought in the European theatre. Injured in Normandy, he would would convalescent for a year at home. His return to radio would endear him to millions of Americans as a voice actor in such popular programs as Gunsmoke and Suspense Theatre. In fact, if actor William Conrad was not the voice narration, Paul Frees would be heard giving the voice to Suspense. In the radio drama The Player , Frees handled all the parts; cast and storyteller.
Paul Frees talent ran into handling various dialects and into narration. Disney loved using Frees because of the versatility of his vocal talents. He would be the voice of Captain Nemo in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, portraying a solid rendition actor James Mason's voice...the performer from the movie. In the 1959 Disney hit, The Shaggy Dog, Frees came on -board the filming for a bit part as a psychiatrist. This was an example of the few times America actually caught a glimpse of the actor that was a voice of a thousand parts.
In November of 1986, Paul Frees lost his life to a heart attack at the age of 66. Whether it was hearing the snobbish Von Drake or the Little Green Pea of Green Giant commercials, America lost a talented voice.
Labels: commercials, Gunsmoke, Normandy, Paul Frees, Solomon Hersh Frees, Suspense, Suspense Theatre, William Conrad, WWII
April 23: Happy Birthday, William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare's biggest claim to fame was...being William Shakespeare. He was born on this day in 1564, so let's take a moment to celebrate performances of Shakespeare works on old time radio.
Orson Welles was a lover of the classics who cut his teeth as a stage actor acting in several Shakespeare classics. He produced and directed several, including some for the Federal Theatre Project in the early 1930's. On the air, he brought Shakespeare to life on his program Columbia Workshop, with adaptations of Hamlet and As You Like It.
Shakespeare's plays were adapted on such programs as I'm Sorry I'll Read That Again, Suspense, and Theatre Guild. References to Shakespeare characters and phrases inspired titles of episodes of Gunsmoke, First Nighter, and Favorite Story. He is too big a figure in arts and literature not to have made his imprint on old time radio. Happy Birthday, Bard.
Labels: Andy Griffith, As You Like It, Columbia Workshop, Favorite Story, Federal Theatre Project, Gunsmoke, Hamlet, orson welles, Suspense, The First Nighter, Theatre Guild, William Shakespeare
November 8: Happy Birthday Norman Macdonnell!
Norman Macdonnell with William Conrad
Norman Macdonnell, born in Pasadena, California on November 8th, 1916, was a radio and television and producer best known for helping to create the hit TV and radio series Gunsmoke. Macdonnell served in the military during World War II and took part in the invasion of Normandy.
Macdonnell and writer John Meston helped to create Gunsmoke the first major adult western program on radio and TV. The program was launched on CBS radio in 1952. The stories for the program took place in and around Dodge City, Kansas during the development of the American West. The program was starkly somber, a sharp contrast from the childish nature of many other western programs on the radio. Macdonell went on to produce other popular radio dramas including Fort Laramie, Philip Marlowe and more!
Macdonnell died on November 28th, 1979.
Labels: Birthday, Fort Larami, Gunsmoke, Norman Macdonnell, Philip Marlowe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The doors are the heaviest components and i found them the hardest components to fit. The door handles and locks were first fitted to the doors.
Tip: When deciding which door is left and which is right, the top of each door has a metal restrainer fitted and the hinges are on the outside of the conservatory. The doors are marked left and right but i was not sure if this refered to when standing on the inside or outside of the conservatory.
All uPVC doors are adjusted in the same way i.e. once they are hung an allen key can be inserted into the top of the hinge section. By rotating the hinge section the door can be moved in/out and left/right by a few millimeters.
Tip: While the hinges are being adjusted have an assistant take the weight of the door, this makes turning the allen key much easier.
The hinges on both doors must be adjusted until the doors are at the correct height and position to allow them to close, the locks to engage and both of them to shut correctly/tightly into the door frame so there are no drafts. The retainer clips at the top of each door are connected into the slot in the doorframe. The retainers ensure the doors do not open more than 90 degrees.


text:
NewsLocalCyprus reaps benefits of listening to its scientists on Covid-19
Cyprus reaps benefits of listening to its scientists on Covid-19
By listening to its medical experts, Cyprus has managed to flatten the Covid-19 infection curve and keep the death rate low, President Nicos Anastasiades has told the Associated Press.
In a written statement to the news agency, he said the infection curve is flattening, less than seven weeks after its first confirmed case, and the government is drafting plans to gradually lift restrictions.
A total of 795 people have tested positive for coronavirus in the Republic of Cyprus, including 10 in the British Bases. A total of 18 patients with coronavirus have died, 13 of whom had Covid-19 as the final cause of death.
Cyprus has a high testing and tracing rate, with Health Minister Constantinos Ioannou telling CNA yesterday that the number of tests was the fourth highest in the world in terms of population.
Moreover, Cyprus is one of the few countries in Europe still tracing the contacts of confirmed cases, in line with WHO guidlines to test, trace and isolate.
Anastasiades told the Associated Press that the scientific team advised the government minute-by-minute, playing a crucial role in decisions.
"In other words, we listened to our experts from the very first moment."
Kostrikis: "I think beaches will open soon"
The state health system rose to the challenge of treating hospitalised patients while the public overall complied with the restrictive measures.
One of the members of the scientific team, virologist and University of Cyprus professor Leontios Kostrikis, said it was a rare occasion of Cypriot politicians yielding to scientists' expertise.
Kostrikis, who is one of the two experts to present the daily update on the coronavirus cases in Cyprus, said politicians had truly listened to the scientists and the scientists gave them a correct strategy.
That included imposing limited restrictions on movement before Cyprus announced its first confirmed case on March 7. These were followed by a stay-at-home order that only allowed once-daily outings for limited reasons, including essential shopping and visiting doctors, and a night-time curfew.
"People got scared. And people felt more comfortable that scientists were handling the situation and not politicians," he told AP.
Kostrikis anticipates it will take another 10 days or so before Cyprus sees no new infections and restrictions can begin to be lifted.
Minister: 'I hope all restrictive measures can be lifted in 2-3 months'
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What types of accommodations does Discovery Yukon Lodgings offer?
To book a stay with Discovery Yukon Lodgings, please fill out and return the form found at the link below. Our available accommodation includes cabins, queen suites, Yukon wall tents, full service RV and grassy tent sites.
What amenities does Discovery Yukon Lodgings offer on property?
What activities do you offer on property?
What are the best times of year for wildlife viewing?
May, June and July are the best times, but it is usual to see animals every day, every month if you know where to look!
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A brisk and outdoorsy blend of blue spruce and balsam fir.
COMMENTS: Acceleration. A bit sharp.
"Lighter Pine scent - loved it!"
COMMENTS: I was looking for a lighter pine fragrance - most are strong. This was perfect! I used the fragrance for my holiday tree guest-size soaps and would consider using in a loaf soap. Great for the holidays!
COMMENTS: This is a FAVORITE from men! Made melt and pour...and hope to do some CP soap soon to see if the fragrance holds up...rave reviews from the men in MP!
"Okay, but not a realistic scent"
COMMENTS: The scent is pleasant, but I don't think it smells anything at all like Balsam Pine. Alone, it smelled more like a Christmas room spray. It worked fine when I blended it with EO's and other fragrance oils. The fragrance held up well.
"smells exactly like the real thing"
COMMENTS: Smells exactly like a fresh cut Christmas tree. This is a must have for me during the holidays and my customers love it.
COMMENTS: This smells just like a fresh cut christmas tree. Soaped beautifully. No acceleration or discoloration.
COMMENTS: This is among the very best of the 50 or so pine type fragrances I've tested in parasoy melts and room sprays. I love pines but have found so many that have a citrus/spice/vanilla tone to them. This is none of that, just straight, strong balsam pine. Hot throw was amazing after a 7 day cure in my parasoy blend. Will most definitely be back for more.
COMMENTS: I do not like this scent at all. It is very strong and overpowering and the scent is not pleasing at all imo. I will not purchase this one again. I'm actually going to have to try and mix this with some other scent to try and salvage it.
COMMENTS: Great Scent! I use it mixed with other FOs and it makes some wonderful products!
"changes color in white base"
COMMENTS: This fragrance has a nice pine scent. However it has zero VA content and still changed the color in my white base to a light tan.
"The Pine That Rules All Pine"
COMMENTS: This is the smell of pine that would be released after you muddle a handful. Not the sweet stuff, but the kind that actually tickles your nose a bit because it's so fresh and pure. If you want to do a Christmas pine smell that isn't too sweet and vanilla, this is the one to go with. If you want to do a men's candle that is woody, but not Christmasy, this is also the one to go with. Imagine that.
COMMENTS: Nothing smells closer to fresh pine than this fragrance oil. It's a must-have in candles, for myself and my customers.
COMMENTS: this was a requested scent from the deer hunters in my area of Georgia. I used it with detergent free MP soap base. It is very strong and smell just like a pine forest.
COMMENTS: This scent is by far my best seller. I use it in the basic clear soap base.
COMMENTS: It smells wonderful by itself, but blended with the right FO's takes it to a whole new level! It performed wonderfully in cp soap. I mixed to emulsification, used 4 different micas and was able to divide the fragrance amongst the 4. When I poured it was still fluid enough to do a hanger swirl and a linear swirl on top. I would seriously recommend this to anyone who loves the smell of a Christmas tree farm!
COMMENTS: This one is by far a customer favorite. I sell out the moment my soap is done curing!
"Crafters Choice™ Windsong Balsam Pine Fragrance Oi"
COMMENTS: This smells like the great wintery outdoors when we use to go to the Christmas tree lot in the snow. I have used this in MP soap scrubs. I have plans to make room sprays and soaps with this FO around Christmas time. This tells you just how terrific the products are at WSP.
COMMENTS: I use this for pine soap and Christmas tree candles!
COMMENTS: Love the scent. Just what I was looking for.
"I wouldn't call it "fir""
COMMENTS: I LOVE the smell of balsam fir, it always reminds me of taking a walk in the woods (so of course, I want to bathe in it). When I opened my bottle at first it smelled just like balsam. However, as I started using the fragrance in my bath fizzies, there was a strange smell to it-- very sweet and strangely medicinal. It almost reminds me of tree tree oil in a way. Not necessarily bad, per say, it's just not the fir smell I was expecting.
COMMENTS: The scent compares well to the for needle EO but at a lower price. I have a client who wants all his bodycare products with this fragrance, especially his soap, and this fragrance fits the bill perfectly.
COMMENTS: It makes my green soap smell like made it's from fresh Christmas leaves. I love it!! It's one of the best Christmas season fragrance oil.
COMMENTS: Love using this fragrance with the pine tree mold. Perfect for holiday sales.
COMMENTS: I am very particular about my pine fragrances and took a chance on this one based on the reviews. It's a huge hit. I used it in two batches of hot process soap and palm wax tarts the fragrance performed beautifully. It smells like a true christmas pine scent and a keeper for us.
COMMENTS: This fragrance is so true to it's name! I grew up in rural Vermont it was like walking in the woods to get our tree! I loved it but more importantly so did my customers!!
COMMENTS: I used this in cold process soap without any problems. The smell reminds me of winters and Christmas. Great smell and still holding strong after 3 weeks. Will buy again.
COMMENTS: I used this FO in a loaf of cold process soap and fell in love! It behaved perfectly and the scent is strong and wonderful. It has held very well 4 weeks into the cure. Buy this if you need a good pine scent!
"smells a bit like pine sol"
COMMENTS: Just ok for me. Think I'll try Frasier Fir FO next time for that woodsy smell I was after.
"Smells just like the competition"
COMMENTS: This is a product that I just received and I am in love. I was/am leery of pine or fir scents as many smell chemically and manufactured. This smells like a fresh cut Christmas tree. It smells natural and clean - chemical free. I use the pine and fir in a dog shampoo ( along with other SECRET essential oils ) and it goes over great and...really works. This is a definite keeper. Will forever be on my reorder list.
COMMENTS: Very nice pine scent. Made CP soap with this and the fragrance held up well. Customers really liked it.
COMMENTS: Typically these FOs remind me of Christmas or Floor Cleaner and I hesitate to use them in year round products... this one is a truly fresh pine tree scent without the "floor cleaner" notes.
COMMENTS: Great scent, smells just like a Christmas tree!
"Windsong Balsam Pine Fragrance Oil"
COMMENTS: I used this fragrance oil in a soap I made for hunters. Living in New England, where balsam pines are abundant, it's a great scent to keep the hunter smelling "natural!"
COMMENTS: This smells amazing. A great, fresh pine. I can't wait for the weather to cool down to start selling out of these candles!
COMMENTS: Great fragrance, makes you remember winter in the mountains. Just the scent to use for the snow day. Definite that I will buy again. Sells well in MP.
COMMENTS: This is a lovely pine scent, wonderful in blends.
COMMENTS: This fragrance is my best seller. A nice strong piney scent; behaves in cold process soap and the scent holds for a long time.
COMMENTS: Excellent fragrance all by itself and blends beautifully with mints and/or citrus scents. I originally intended this to be a man fragrance, but women love it too. Holds up perfectly in cp soap.
COMMENTS: Used in CP Goat Milk Soap. Soaped great no ricing or accelerated trace. This is a perfect pine scent so it will blend with other fragrances really well. This will be a GREAT winter soap. Wish I hadn't played it safe and bought the 4oz. oh well : ).
COMMENTS: I use this in my CP beer soap and my customers go wild for it. It appeals to both men and women.
COMMENTS: This fragrance smells just like pine! It's like the great outdoors in your home!
COMMENTS: Smell so good, like a Christmas Tree!!!
COMMENTS: I have been searching for the perfect balsam....this is it! Christmas all year long !
COMMENTS: This is the best greenery fragrance I have ever smelled! Soo clean & crisp. You wont be sorry!
COMMENTS: My sister and I take turns every year between my live tree(for the smell) and her fake tree. This year we bought a fake tree and I sprayed it with this scent mixed with body mist. Wow, now I have my live tree smell. You can smell it all over the house!! Great to refresh you live wreaths also. Save a tree use this instead!!!
"A Christmas Tree in a Jar!"
COMMENTS: Just love the fresh "real" scent!!
"GREAT Hot & Cold Throw"
COMMENTS: This smells just like a Christmas Tree, it makes a great smelling candle!
COMMENTS: Reminds me of walking through the woods in the Adirondacks. It smells just like balsam and makes a great candle.
COMMENTS: This is an awesome pine. I've tried most of the pines available at WSSP, and this blows everything away. No sweetness, very true to beautiful, perfect, natural pine.
COMMENTS: Smells just like walking through the woods in the middle of winter.
"Have you tested this in M&P while base? One of the reviews said it turned the soap to tan. That will not work with the wholesale order I have. I don't have time to test because the order is due October 1st. I need a good evergreen scent that does not turn a white base. Thanks."
Staff Answer There are other ingredients besides vanilla that can discolor your soap but there is no way of knowing this until tested. You can use the vanilla color stabilizer with the fragrance to help prevent any discoloration. We have used Santa's Tree Farm Fragrance Oil 529 but we recommend testing any fragrance to be sure of the results.


text:
If the purpose of the first Anomaly in The Matrix films was to get rid of too many freed humans in Zion, then who freed all those initial humans?
Wouldn't the anomaly only have been created after there were too many freed humans? If that wasn't the purpose of the first anomaly then what was it? Or if it wasn't the first anomaly who freed all the first humans then who was it?
the-matrix
MartySkipMartySkip
In support of your argument, "the boy" who is thought to have been the first and only one to have self-actualised, i.e. gotten himself out of the matrix - it's remarked clearly that that's thought to have been impossible. So how did the first "one" awaken without a Morpheus to offer him the requisite pills?
The Oracle stumbled into a solution which consisted that as long as they were given a "choice", 99% of humans would accept the program. I'd assume those first humans are the 1% that didn't and were freed by the Oracle herself. I have no evidence to back this up, I only assumed, that's why I put it as a comment, not an answer.
– tilley31
It's "first anomalies" all the way down.
– Silly but True
"The purpose of the first Anomaly in The Matrix films was to get rid of too many freed humans in Zion" - citation needed. One doesn't become exceedingly efficient at destroying cities with machines by having people do it for them.
– Mazura
None of the works in the franchise (movies, comics, video games, etc.) explain how the first anomaly (and the humans who built the first Zion) escaped the Matrix, as far as I'm aware. I can think of two ways in which the first anomaly may have escaped the Matrix:
Self-substantiation (just as Kid from the films, Dan Davis from The Animatrix, etc.). The problem with this is that it would be very difficult for the first human(s) who self-substantiated to survive outside of the Matrix without any pre-existing support from a human settlement such as Zion.
The machines willingly released the first anomaly (perhaps with other humans who were starting to reject the Matrix) and gave them some initial support so they could survive and found the first Zion.
To understand why the machines might release the first anomaly, we must explain what the anomaly is and what the machines are doing about it.
The anomaly is not an entity that was purposefully designed by the machines; instead, the Architect describes the anomaly to Neo (who is the sixth integral anomaly) as:
Your life is the sum of a remainder of an unbalanced equation inherent to the programming of the Matrix. You are the eventuality of an anomaly, which, despite my sincerest efforts, I have been unable to eliminate from what is otherwise a harmony of mathematical precision. While it remains a burden assiduously avoided, it is not unexpected, and thus not beyond a measure of control... As you are undoubtedly gathering, the anomaly is systemic – creating fluctuations in even the most simplistic equations.
The Matrix Reloaded (transcript)
The anomaly is a systemic error, a nuisance that the machines cannot get rid of despite the Architect's best efforts. Furthermore, this error grows over time, which is why Neo and his predecessors are "integral" anomalies ("integral" because they are "sums"). What is important to note is that the anomaly exists whether or not any humans have escaped the Matrix -- it is an inherent flaw in the Matrix. The Oracle managed to find a solution where 99% of humans would accept the Matrix, but she could not eliminate the anomaly. The 1% of humans who "refused the program"
while a minority, if unchecked, would constitute an escalating probability of disaster.
However, the machines devised a clever way to obtain some "measure of control" over the anomaly: they allowed the creation of Zion for the minority who rejected the Matrix, and they designed the One, whose purpose is described by the Architect as follows:
The function of the One is now to return to the Source, allowing a temporary dissemination of the code you carry, reinserting the prime program. After which, you will be required to select from the Matrix 23 individuals – 16 female, 7 male – to rebuild Zion. Failure to comply with this process will result in a cataclysmic system crash, killing everyone connected to the Matrix, which, coupled with the extermination of Zion, will ultimately result in the extinction of the entire human race... [T]he relevant issue is whether or not you are ready to accept the responsibility of the death of every human being on this world... Your 5 predecessors were, by design, based on a similar predication – a contingent affirmation that was meant to create a profound attachment to the rest of your species, facilitating the function of the One. While the others experienced this in a very general way, your experience is far more specific – vis a vis love.
In other words, the machines designed the One to both integrate/sum the errors/rejection of the Matrix (hence Neo and his predecessors are "integral" anomalies) and experience an especially "profound attachment" to humanity. This allows the machines to blackmail a single person (the One, and integral anomaly) into willingly rebooting the Matrix (resetting the errors/anomaly to zero for the next iteration) in order to avoid the extinction of humanity. At the same time, the machines can "reset" Zion in the real world (which they could do without the One, of course, except that the destruction of Zion is the threat to the entire species with which the One is blackmailed).
What all this means is that the machines figured out how to handle the unavoidable anomaly (which is inherent to the Matrix and thus exists whether or not any humans have escaped the Matrix) by (a) allowing those who reject the Matrix to build a human city in the real world (Zion), and (b) designing a program of sorts (the One) to sum the humans' rejection of the Matrix (as the "integral anomaly") and periodically re-stabilize the Matrix. The One is also a human who rejects the Matrix (more than any other human, in fact), so the machines want/need him or her to "escape" from the Matrix to Zion. Therefore it is quite likely that the machines willingly released the first anomaly and perhaps other humans to build the first Zion.
Null♦Null
In your answer you said both that the anomaly is not an entity that was purposefully designed by the machines, and also that the machines designed the One. Is there a difference between the anomaly and the One?
– MartySkip
The Architect does not use "integral anomalies" to clearly refer to "Neo and his predecessors", he just says "I prefer counting from the emergence of one integral anomaly to the emergence of the next, in which case this is the 6th version." As I said in my comment on the other answer, the "anomaly" might just be the issue of the increasing choice to reject of the Matrix which leads the machines to have to reboot it--he says "this is the 6th version", not "you are the 6th version."
– Hypnosifl
@MatanASimhi Correct, the anomaly and the One are not the same thing. The anomaly is the systemic error the machines cannot get rid of, and the One is a control mechanism by the machines to periodically reboot the Matrix to reset the increasing errors. However, the function of the One is given by the machines to the integral anomaly so they are joined in the same human.
– Null ♦
@Hypnosifl The agents refer to Neo at the beginning of Reloaded as the anomaly. Not the integral anomaly, but nonetheless the anomaly. Therefore it seems reasonable to infer that the Architect is referring to Neo and his predecessors as the "integral anomaly" who emerges in each version of the Matrix.
I don't think we can assume the agents know what the Architect knows about the periodic rebooting of the Matrix and the One's role in this (think of the surprise the agents showed at the end of the first movie when Neo's powers fully blossomed). They may just be using "anomaly" to refer to Neo's reality-bending powers, which to them are inexplicable, and "anomaly" is a pretty common sci-fi word for "something weird I can't explain".
I think you're thinking of the Anomaly as a function of the Machines trying to control the humans. The problem with that theory is that The Architect indicates they can neither control, nor stop, the Anomaly (quotes from this transcript, all emphasis mine)
The function of the One is now to return to the Source, allowing a temporary dissemination of the code you carry, reinserting the prime program. After which, you will be required to select from the Matrix 23 individuals – 16 female, 7 male – to rebuild Zion. Failure to comply with this process will result in a cataclysmic system crash, killing everyone connected to the Matrix, which, coupled with the extermination of Zion, will ultimately result in the extinction of the entire human race.
The Anomaly is only described as
Architect: The first Matrix I designed was quite naturally perfect, it was a work of art – flawless, sublime. A triumph equalled only by its monumental failure. The inevitability of its doom is apparent to me now as a consequence of the imperfection inherent in every human being. Thus, I redesigned it based on your history to more accurately reflect the varying grotesqueries of your nature. However, I was again frustrated by failure. I have since come to understand that the answer eluded me because it required a lesser mind, or perhaps a mind less bound by the parameters of perfection. Thus the answer was stumbled upon by another – an intuitive program, initially created to investigate certain aspects of the human psyche. If I am the father of the matrix, she would undoubtedly be its mother.
Neo: The Oracle.
Architect: Please. As I was saying, she stumbled upon a solution whereby nearly 99% of all test subjects accepted the program, as long as they were given a choice, even if they were only aware of the choice at a near unconscious level. While this answer functioned, it was obviously fundamentally flawed, thus creating the otherwise contradictory systemic anomaly, that if left unchecked might threaten the system itself. Ergo those that refused the program, while a minority, if unchecked, would constitute an escalating probablility of disaster.
From this we can surmise something: the original One was inevitable, based upon how The Matrix works. Thus, it's not unrealistic to assume that this "original" came about the same way Neo did: they willed it. They made choices that ignored the limits of The Matrix and they started to break it (the Anomaly). We never see Neo free people by force of will (in fact, we never see him free anyone in a direct fashion). So, my speculation is the sequence was something like
Zion is established after the war with the machines ends
The Original One appears, bringing with them The Anomaly
Somehow, The Original makes contact with Zion and plots to overthrow the Machines. It's not clear if they could free humans directly, but clearly other humans figure that part out (as we see Morpheus free Neo, Trinity, etc)
The Architect, having realized what would eventually happen, plans The Reset and The One finds their way to him
The same threat is made as the one to Neo: we wipe out Zion, you repopulate it with folks you pick from The Matrix and we kill you (disseminate code) which stops The Anomaly and we all start over. Or everyone dies. Your choice.
Clearly, The Original picks door #1 and resets, thus saving humanity. Everyone in Zion who knew the truth is killed and replaced with a small band of Matrix folks who start to procreate. And thus we have what Morpheus tells Neo: they were freed by The One and The Oracle prophecies the One will come again, so they all start looking for the next One. And thus the cycle is born.
MachavityMachavity
The Matrix is just an adaptation of the wet monkey institutional culture theory, with the Matrix replacements as new dry monkies and the anomalies as the wet monkeys: youtu.be/0_u8sF1sW4A
The lines from the Architect don't clearly say The One is himself "the anomaly", rather the "systemic anomaly" could refer to the idea that if they allow people to leave the Matrix, they will do so in ever-increasing numbers (and some come back to encourage others to leave). Note that he uses the phrase "if unchecked/if left unchecked" twice, the first referring to the "systemic anomaly", the second referring to "those that refused the program", supporting the idea that the 'systemic anomaly' is just people increasingly leaving (or the 'free will' which leads them to make that choice).
(cont.) The idea that "the anomaly" is basically human free will is also supported by the dialogue where the Architect says "As you are undoubtedly gathering, the anomaly is systemic – creating fluctuations in even the most simplistic equations" and Neo responds "The problem is choice." So, the One might not himself be an anomaly at all, rather part of their engineered solution to periodically reset the situation by wiping out all but a handful of people in Zion.
anomaly is both a countable and uncountable noun. Everything you said @Hypnosifl makes perfect sense. But what the machines are doing doesn't. That's why none of this makes sense, aside from the fact they use humans instead of pigs and their power grid has zero redundancy. The Matrix runs on XP... somewhere in Texas.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged the-matrix or ask your own question.
Did the Agents know about the history of the Matrix and/or previous Ones?
Why Do the Machines (in The Matrix) Have to Maintain the War With Humans?
How did Neo end up in the train station?
What do we know about the automatic teaching of brains in Matrix?
How do people in the Matrix develop a residual self image that resembles their own body?
Would only those 1% of all test subjects in the Matrix choose the red pill offered by the Zion Resistance?
How did those first freed from the Matrix survive?
Was Agent Smith created by the Oracle and if so, with what purpose?
What is the Oracle's purpose, specifically regarding her "to unbalance it" comment?
Who was in control of the Matrix betas?
Why didn't the freed humans who entered the Matrix wear disguises so that the agents wouldn't recognize them?


text:
Why fashion and beauty brands are setting their sights on Austin
May 4, 2017 | By Jessica Schiffer
Fashion and beauty retailers are following in the footsteps of publishers like Condé Nast and BuzzFeed by setting up shop in Austin.
Part of the appeal is increased foot traffic, thanks to significant population growth: Austin's seen a 16 percent population boost since 2010, including a 2.9 percent jump in the last year alone. It's continual rise as a cultural hub — thanks to events like SXSW and Austin City Limits — has contributed, too, cementing Austin as a city to look to for all things new and cool.
"Since the early 2000s, Austinites rallying behind the 'Keep Austin weird' slogan have made a conscious effort to maintain the city's reputation as a haven for small, unique brands and businesses," said Gil Eyal, the founder of influencer marketing platform HYPR. That same quirkiness, however, fits "up-and-coming fashion and beauty brands like a glove."
Indeed, Warby Parker opened its first Austin storefront in August, in the hip SoCo neighborhood. Modcloth followed suit after testing out a two-month pop-up in the Texas city, opening its first brick-and-mortar location there in January. At the time, the company's chief executive officer, Matt Kaness, told WWD that it's one of their best online markets.
The Bonobos store at Austin's 2nd Street District
The Modcloth storefront is located within 2nd Street District, a roughly six-block shopping, dining and entertainment area that also boasts brands including Bonobos and Loft. Although 60 percent of the shops there are locally owned — a fact that the District prides themselves on — the off-price (but New York Times Style section–approved) retailer UAL and menswear shop League of Rebels also joined the district this year.
"We have loved being in Austin. The people here get our concept and understand our brand," said Tori Parsons, executive vice president of UAL, hinting that the retailer may open more locations within the city.
"People are drawn to Austin because it has such a great energy about it and a unique style, which I think has gotten more elevated [in the last few years]," said Shana Ogg, 2nd Street District's marketing manager. What's more, she said, there are a lot more residences being built downtown, which "drives interest for businesses that may not have looked down here five years ago."
The hip activewear brand Outdoor Voices was early to the scene: It opened its first storefront in Austin in 2014. Although the company has an office there now, its core consumers are largely on the coasts, so the decision wasn't necessarily obvious.
"Austin is the most recreational city in the world!" founder Tyler Haney said of the choice. "I grew up in Boulder, Colorado — another super active city — but Austin takes a neat, casual approach that I haven't seen in many other places: lots of moms jogging with strollers and people taking dips just for the fun of it." In short, it was the perfect fit for her brand.
And since its entry into the city a few years ago, Austin's appeal has only grown.
Inside Modcloth's first and only storefront, in Austin
According to Capitol Market Research, the city's retail occupancy increased to 95.4 percent by the middle of 2016, up from 95 percent just six months prior. At the same time, average rental rates jumped from $22.05 per square foot in December 2015 to $23.16 in June of last year. Those numbers are expected to continue on their upward trend due to ample construction in the area and a more competitive market.
What's more, the city was rated No. 2 in the country (just behind San Francisco) in retail real estate investment, in national brokerage firm Marcus & Millichap's 2016 report on the subject.
This helps explain why denim retailer Paige announced last month that it would be expanding beyond its core markets of New York and Los Angeles this summer with a store at Austin's Domain Northside, the city's buzzy new shopping center.
"Austin is a city that is laidback yet forward-thinking, which is exactly how I describe our brand," said Paige Adams-Geller, the brand's co-founder. "We love music, fashion, food and culture, and Austin embodies all of these things."
Drybar will also open inside the elevated retail space later this month.
Since it's debut last year, popular brands like Kiehl's, Free People, Frye, W3ll People and Suitsupply have all opened stores there, as well. "I am a huge fan of the Texas consumer. [They] understand our product and appreciate all that goes into our brand, from our deep roots in the philanthropic community to being made in the U.S.," Chris Salgardo, Kiehl's U.S. president, said at the time. "I pride myself on knowing where our customers are, which is Austin," he added.
"Austin is continually expanding, and the 'city center' radius seems to be, as well. There was definitely a void further North that we sought to fill," said Julie Sutton, Domain Northside's director of marketing, of the decision to open the shopping center last year. "There are also incredible emerging fashion brands — not only homegrown, but throughout the country — that we believe fit right into Austin culture," she said. "We wanted to offer our guests [a combination of] what makes Austin unique and the best of what's happening nationally."
Austin's new Domain Northside shopping center
As such, the goal was to score a host of cool but accessible stores, a task which apparently required little convincing. "Austin is, and has always been, the understated harbinger of awesome," said Sutton. "What brand doesn't want to align with that?"
Those that fit the bill were given the rare carte blanche, as far as storefront design was concerned — a testament to Austin's laid-back, creativity-first environment. "We are nurturing a culture of quality and expressionism," said Sutton. "There is room for everyone to bring their idea to the table, and if it's a good one, Austin will save your seat."
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Here's a treat for all you dancers out there: below is a video of Dzajna "JaJa" Vankova and Di "Moon" Zhang showing off a sick dance routine to a remix of Far East Movement and Snoop Dogg's "If I Was You (OMG).
JaJa is an 18-year-old dancer from the Czech Republic. As for Moon, he's been dancing since he was 15 and hails from China. These two are amazing!


text:
Q: Access enum written in Objective C from Swift I'm integrating MAImagePickerController (written in Objective-C) in my Swift project. The integration of the library is OK and I can build the project. However, When using, I couldn't set property sourceType of MAImagePickerController. Following is the code in Swift:

let imagePicker:MAImagePickerController = MAImagePickerController()
imagePicker.delegate = self
imagePicker.sourceType = .MAImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera

And it shows the error:

Type 'UnsafeMutablePointer has no
  member 'MAImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera'

Following is the declaration of enum type MAImagePickerControllerSourceType
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, MAImagePickerControllerSourceType)
{
    MAImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera,
    MAImagePickerControllerSourceTypePhotoLibrary
};

And this is how they use it in Objective-C:
MAImagePickerController *imagePicker = [[MAImagePickerController alloc] init];
[imagePicker setDelegate:self];
[imagePicker setSourceType:MAImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera];

For Swift code, I didn't use method setSourceType because it refers to the default sourceType of UIImagePickerView.

A: Based on vadian's suggestion and my observation, following is the solution:
- Step 1: Change property sourceType to normal enum type (not pointer - remove asterisk character
@property MAImagePickerControllerSourceType sourceType;

- Step 2: Use vadian's answer
imagePicker.sourceType = .Camera

And it just works.

A: When transfering ObjC enums to Swift usually the whole type prefix is omitted.
imagePicker.sourceType = .Camera


Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Preserve Function in Aging Axons – Fight Aging!
Aging increases the vulnerability of aging white matter to ischemic injury. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors preserve young adult white matter structure and function during ischemia by conserving ATP and reducing excitotoxicity.
In isolated optic nerve from 12-month-old mice, deprived of oxygen and glucose, we show that pan- and Class I-specific HDAC inhibitors promote functional recovery of axons. This protection correlates with preservation of axonal mitochondria. The cellular expression of HDAC 3 in the central nervous system (CNS), and HDAC 2 in optic nerve considerably changed with age, expanding to more cytoplasmic domains from nuclear compartments, suggesting that changes in glial cell protein acetylation may confer protection to aging axons.
Our results indicate that manipulation of HDAC activities in glial cells may have a universal potential for stroke therapy across age groups.


text:
Les Pays-Bas ont participé au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1972 le  à Édimbourg (Écosse), au Royaume-Uni. C'est la  participation des Pays-Bas au Concours Eurovision de la chanson.

Le pays est représenté par le duo Sandra & Andres et la chanson Als het om de liefde gaat, sélectionnés respectivement en interne et au moyen d'une finale nationale organisée par la Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS).

Sélection

Nationaal Songfesival 1972
Le radiodiffuseur néerlandais, la Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS), organise la  édition du , pour sélectionner la chanson représentant les Pays-Bas au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1972, l'artiste ayant été sélectionné en interne.

La finale nationale, présentée par , a eu lieu le  au théâtre royal Carré à Amsterdam.

Finale
Le duo Sandra & Andres a été sélectionné en interne pour le Nationaal Songfesival 1972. Trois chansons sont interprétées par Sandra & Andres et qui sont toutes en néerlandais, langue nationale des Pays-Bas.

Lors de cette sélection, c'est la chanson Als het om de liefde gaat, écrite par Hans van Hemert, composée par Dries Holten et interprétée par Sandra & Andres, qui fut choisie. Sandra, de son nom entier Sandra Reemer, participerait par la suite de nouveau à l'Eurovision, représentant les Pays-Bas seule en 1976 et avec son groupe Xandra en 1979.

Le chef d'orchestre sélectionné pour les Pays-Bas à l'Eurovision 1972 est .

À l'Eurovision
Chaque pays a un jury de deux personnes. Chaque juré attribue entre 1 et 5 points à chaque chanson.

Points attribués par les Pays-Bas

Points attribués aux Pays-Bas

Sandra & Andres interprètent Als het om de liefde gaat en  position, suivant le Luxembourg, qui remporterait par la suite le concours.

Au terme du vote final, les Pays-Bas terminent  sur 18 pays, ayant reçu  au total.

Références

Pays-Bas
Pays-Bas au Concours Eurovision de la chanson
Concours Eurovision de la chanson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The DPRK needs to be seen to be believed.
We offer a wide range of tours, ranging from the classic highlights tours to special interest tours of all kinds, and from group tours to school tours and independent tours. We have something for everyone !
Have a look at our tours, and if the dates or the program don't suit you, or if you prefer to travel as a private party, then drop me a line and together we will turn your wish into reality.
It really is as simple as that. Please click here for more details on these tours.


text:
Q: Beaglebone pwm for non root user The 4.9.78-ti-r94  distro comes with 81-pwm-nonroot.rules
# /etc/udev/rules.d/81-pwm-noroot.rules
#
# Corrects sys PWM permissions on the BB so non-root users in the gpio group can manipulate bits
#
SUBSYSTEM=="pwm", ACTION=="add", PROGRAM="/bin/sh -c '/bin/chown -R root:pwm /sys/class/pwm/"
SUBSYSTEM=="pwm", ACTION=="add", PROGRAM="/bin/sh -c    '/bin/chmod -R ug+rw /sys/class/pwm/"

SUBSYSTEM=="pwm", ACTION=="add", PROGRAM="/bin/sh -c '/bin/chown -R root:pwm /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip*/'"
SUBSYSTEM=="pwm", ACTION=="add", PROGRAM="/bin/sh -c    '/bin/chmod -R ug+rw /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip*/'"

Anyway, seems that it does not work.
rwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Oct 11 03:17 pwm1  IS ROOT:ROOT
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root pwm    0 Oct 11 02:32 device -> ../../../48304200.pwm
-rw-rw---- 1 root pwm 4096 Oct 11 03:14 export
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root pwm 4096 Oct 11 02:31 npwm
drwxrwxr-x 2 root pwm    0 Oct 11 02:31 power
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root pwm    0 Oct 11 02:32 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../class/pwm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root pwm 4096 Oct 11 02:31 uevent
-rw-rw---- 1 root pwm 4096 Oct 11 03:17 unexport

root@s2w10l:/sys/class/pwm/pwmchip6# echo 1 > export

total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root pwm     0 Oct 11 02:32 device -> ../../../48304200.pwm
-rw-rw---- 1 root pwm  4096 Oct 11 03:17 export
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root pwm  4096 Oct 11 02:31 npwm
drwxrwxr-x 2 root pwm     0 Oct 11 02:31 power
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Oct 11 03:17 pwm1<<<  IS ROOT  ROOT <<<<<<<<<?!?!?!?!?!
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root pwm     0 Oct 11 02:32 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../class/pwm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root pwm  4096 Oct 11 02:31 uevent
-rw-rw---- 1 root pwm  4096 Oct 11 03:17 unexport

A: I had to add 90-rules as
SUBSYSTEM=="gpio*", PROGRAM="/bin/sh -c 'chown -R root:gpio /sys/class/gpio && chmod -R 770 /sys/class/gpio;'"
SUBSYSTEM=="pwm*", PROGRAM="/bin/sh -c 'chown -R root:pwm /sys/class/pwm/* && chmod -R 770 /sys/class/pwm/*;'"

and indeed solved the issue for gpio because udev senses the gpio export
# on a second temrinal monitor the udev
udevadm monitor
...
KERNEL - the kernel uevent

KERNEL[46318.324637] add      /devices/platform/ocp/44e07000.gpio/gpiochip0/gpio/gpio24 (gpio)
UDEV  [46318.648582] add      /devices/platform/ocp/44e07000.gpio/gpiochip0/gpio/gpio24 (gpio)

but for PWM it does not
echo 0 > /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip6/export

# on the second terminal
udevadm monitor  # remains silent

Any help would be appreciated.
Thank you


Oh dear. My wife received one of these in the mail today. I guess the check bounced. The Philly Inquirer was a good paper, too.
Was that taken with an iPhone? I hope this doesn't count as part of the promised strange stuff.
To be honest I was hoping for some Beckettian undramatic drama, with you and Infinite Thought having coffee at the Starbucks at the end of the universe, offering dialogical readings of Nietzsche in the dying seconds of existence.


Mobile devices and smartphones are still new ideas in the tech community. Compared to home computers and laptops, the common mobile smartphone has only been around for a couple of years now. But having quickly grown to popularity, there are more early adopters now than we have ever seen before.
And this leads into an interesting area of discussion on mobile payments online. More specifically how can you be secure when purchasing things on your mobile devices? I want to offer some tips and ideas for going about purchasing anything on your smartphone or tablet PC.


text:
EMA to investigate reports that software issue may have affected accuracy of clinical trials EMA to investigate reports that software issue may have affected accuracy of clinical trials
EMA to investigate reports that software issue may have affected accuracy of clinical trials
Out-Law News | 16 Oct 2014 | 5:30 pm | 1 min. read
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has confirmed that it is looking into recent reports that a widely-used clinical data software package may have introduced inaccuracies into clinical trials, according to Reuters.
The problem with Thermo Fisher Scientific's Kinetica bioequivalence software, which is used during clinical trials to show whether different drugs with the same active ingredient have the same effect in the body, was highlighted in a paper published last month in the journal of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS). The EMA told Reuters that its Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) would investigate the issue after the authors of the paper brought it to their attention.
Commenting on the findings, one of the authors of the paper, Anders Fuglsang, said it was "an unprecedented situation with unclear implications". Fuglsang, a former medicines regulator, now runs a pharmaceutical consultancy in Denmark.
The CHMP's Pharmokinetic Working Party will be meeting next week to decide on the EMA's "next steps", according to Reuters.
Kinetica is one of the most widely-used statistical software packages for analysing bioequivalence in clinical trials, and is used by both pharmaceutical companies and contract research organisations. Around 80% of bioequivalence studies relate to the approval of cheaper, generic versions of medicines after the patents on the originals expire.
According to Reuters, Fuglsang and his colleagues found that Kinetica gave results that were inconsistent with those from other software packages when there were more test subjects in one sequence of treatments than another. Although the inconsistency was not itself a cause for concern, the authors went on to find that the Kinetica software package was producing unreliable "confidence intervals". These are used as an indication of how a clinical trial result would be reflected in the general patient population outside of a clinical trial.
The extent of the potential issue is not yet known, but could mean that suitable drugs were rejected or others approved on mistaken information. The software manufacturer, Thermo Fisher, told Reuters that it was "currently conducting a careful review" of the issues raised in the paper.
Pinsent Masons advises on 5G Create - the £28m government funded 5G test projects
Discrimination case highlights duties of agency work providers
EU-UK trade: cost of divergence must be weighed against potential benefits
Pinsent Masons advises GNA Biosolutions GmbH on Covid-19 rapid PCR test
EU-UK trade: life sciences companies face dual regime
'Audit of working practices' will minimise employment status risks
Brexit and dispute resolution
China and EU conclude investment agreement
Waste sector faces pressure from climate change recommendations, say experts


text:
Double tragedy as the widower of Doctor Who star Mary Tamm dies hours after her funeral
The widower of Doctor Who actress Mary Tamm died just hours after her funeral.
Marcus Ringrose apparently suffered a heart attack at their Battersea, South London home on Tuesday.
Just hours earlier, he had read his wife's eulogy at her funeral, which took place 12 days after she lost her battle with cancer.
Tragic: Mary Tamm's husband Marcus Ringrose, pictured together in 1994, has also died
Her agent Barry Langford confirmed Mr Ringrose had been at his computer responding to letters and condolences for his loss when he collapsed.
The couple, who had been married for 34 years, are survived by their daughter Lauren and seven-year-old grandson Max.
Tamm, who played the first incarnation of the Doctor's companion Romana, alongside Tom Baker, died at her home on July 26 at the age of 62.
The Bradford-born actress had been suffering from cancer for 18 months.
Iconic: Tamm played Romana to Tom Baker's Time Lord in Doctor Who in the Seventies
Paying tribute to his wife before he died, Ringrose said: 'On set and offstage, her earthy
northern humour and self-deprecating wit brightened every occasion. She
was a consummate actress, and immensely popular in the profession.
'Mary
was born in Bradford, the daughter of impoverished refugees, and
through sheer talent and hard graft got herself to Rada, starred
opposite Jon Voight in The Odessa File, and found a form of immortality
as the Time Lady Romana opposite Tom Baker in Doctor Who.
'We will miss her every day.'
Strong star: Tamm recently starred in Wire In The Blood, Jonathan Creek and Paradise Heights
Tamm played the role of Time Lady Romanadvoratrelundar, Romana for short, from 1978 to 1979.
reportedly refused to reprise her role on the show after her character
became more of a damsel in distress and less of an independent hero.
well as Doctor Who, Mary had starring roles in films The Odessa File
and The Likely Lads and she also appeared in soaps Brookside and
EastEnders.
Mr Langford,
her agent of 22 years, told the Daily Mirror: 'She had a great zest for
life. She was a fantastic actress – she played stage parts of such
range, parts that would take your breath away.
'She could play any role, and do so wonderfully.'
Doctor Who star David Tennant ties the knot in New Year"s Eve ceremony
Doctor Who? Karen Gillan puts TV behind her looking every inch the big screen star at shoot in Cannes
David Tennant wedding: Georgia Moffett and Doctor Who star marry on New Year"s Eve
Doctor Who star Karen Gillan naked at a riotous New York party
Just what the Doctor ordered: Magic, mystery and monsters? What more do you want on Christmas Day, says Doctor Whos Matt Smith


Aired AWOLNATION's 2011 song "Sail" was the definition of a sleeper hit—it spent 79 weeks on the Hot 100 chart, reaching peak popularity nearly two years later. We sat down with AWOLNATION founder and frontman Aaron Bruno us to create a radio station featuring his favorite artists, stories, and songs. From Blur to Nine Inch Nails to Kanye West, this is an exclusive look into what Aaron loves to listen to: it's "I Am The DJ" on Slacker.