text:
Report: Wind Power Saves $1.2B Each Year
A trade association says that wind power saved electricity customers in Oklahoma and surrounding states more than $1.2 billion last year. The American Wind Energy Association analyzed hourly data from the Southwest Power Pool in 2013 and calculated when wind turbines were used to generate...
A trade association says that wind power saved electricity customers in Oklahoma and surrounding states more than $1.2 billion last year.
The American Wind Energy Association analyzed hourly data from the Southwest Power Pool in 2013 and calculated when wind turbines were used to generate electricity, The Oklahoman reported. The pool operates the electric grid and plans transmission for 6.2 million households in parts of nine states.
Since wind is free after the turbines are installed, most of the consumer savings came from avoided fuel costs at coal or natural gas plants. But the association says wind power also saved water and reduced emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
"It's very clear that new wind energy being added to the Southwest Power Pool is providing very large net benefits for consumers," said Michael Goggin, the wind association's director of research. "That's because the cost of wind has fallen dramatically in recent years."
Wind farms provided an estimated $2.8 billion in societal benefits each year to the Southwest Power Pool, the association said. About half of that was calculated using an Environmental Protection Agency tool to measure the economic benefits of reducing harmful emissions.
Goggin said the environmental benefits are even more important in the wake of an EPA proposal to cut carbon dioxide emissions from existing power plants 30 percent by 2030.
Jeff Clark, executive director of The Wind Coalition, a regional trade group, said wind power helped save 3 billion gallons of water in Oklahoma in 2013 that would have been used at fossil-fueled generating plants. Next door in Kansas, wind power saved 2 billion gallons of water.
Oklahoma has 29 wind projects that represent about $6 billion worth of capital investment from the last decade, Clark said. More than 1,700 turbines are providing about 15 percent of the electricity in the state.
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Did we get that right? I think so.
Bethesda's Creation Club announcement has earned them a huge backlash and few friends. One community you'd have expected to have embraced the introduction of paid mods is the modding community, though it seems that not every modder is drinking the koolaid.
Uploaded to Nexus mods by InAComaDial999, the No More Creation Club News mod, well, hides Bethesda's mods.
Yes, you read that correctly; players are heading to Nexus to download a mod that a modder created to mod out Bethesda's paid-for mods. It's safe to say that the secret is out, as the mod has 11,376 unique downloads and 17,729 total downloads, with 77,917 total views.
If you're interested in downloading the mod, head over to Nexus.


Al Aziziah apartments is a second class furnished apartment in Sakaka with suitable price. It is located at Al Aziziah area, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. It is 8.1 Km driving from Al Jouf Plaza. With its unique location, it offers 24-hour front desk reception, luggage storage, VIP room facilities and air . conditioning for guests' welfare.
Enjoy discovering some important landmarks in sakaka such as: King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Prince Metaab Bin Abdulaziz and Al wessam Shopping Mall.
Al Aziziah apartments offers free Wi-Fi and private parking lot.
When would you like to stay at Al Aziziah Apartments?
This apartment include two rooms, the first room offer large double bed and the other room offer two single beds. It also include seating area with sofa ,kitchenette and private bathroom.
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Al Aziziah Apartments contains a highly convenient units of rooms and apartments that are decorated in warm colours and designed with classic decor. It offers Ironing service. Units are fully equipped with all sort of services such as air conditioning, telephone, flat screen TV, kitchen with dining area  and private bathroom with free toiletries. Al Aziziah Apartments units have several decors with types and sizes include two types of units: Two-Bedroom apartment and three-bedroom apartment.
Al Aziziah Apartments offer room service and grocery deliveries for food and drink service.


text:
<?php

namespace Lug\Bundle\WebhookBundle\DependencyInjection;

use Symfony\Component\Config\Definition\Builder\TreeBuilder;
use Symfony\Component\Config\Definition\ConfigurationInterface;

/**
 * @author GeLo <geloen.eric@gmail.com>
 */
class Configuration implements ConfigurationInterface
{
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function getConfigTreeBuilder()
    {
        $builder = new TreeBuilder();
        $builder->root('lug_webhook')
            ->children()
                ->scalarNode('secret')
                    ->isRequired()
                    ->cannotBeEmpty()
                ->end()
            ->end();

        return $builder;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
UK's Boris Johnson loses major vote on Brexit, snap elections likely
Tory MP Phillip Lee defected to the Liberal Democrats right in front of the PM Boris Jhonson.
Published: 03rd September 2019 08:40 PM | Last Updated: 04th September 2019 09:41 AM | A+A A-
Britain's Prime Minister Boris Johnson (Photo | AP)
LONDON: British Prime Minister Boris Johnson on Tuesday lost his first major vote in Parliament on Brexit as rebel MPs from his own Conservative Party sided with the Opposition to take control of the House of Commons business, which could delay Brexit and force snap elections.
In a vote that went against Johnson 328 votes to 301, the Commons got through a crucial motion that demands a debate on seeking a further extension from the European Union (EU) to the October 31 Brexit deadline if no withdrawal agreement is in place by mid-October.
ALSO READ: I don't want an election, says United Kingdom PM Boris Johnson in latest Brexit warning
With 21 of Johnson's own party MPs voting against the government, the prospect of the bill to block a no-deal Brexit clearing on Wednesday became more of a reality and the likelihood of a snap general election also in play by around October 14.
If the vote on Wednesday also goes against Johnson, he will be tied down by Parliament to seek until at least January 31, 2020, to finalise a so-called divorce bill.
As was expected, Johnson made a statement immediately after confirming that he will not surrender to that demand and will instead table his own motion under the UK's Fixed Term Parliament Act to seek a general election to avert what he branded as "more dither, more delay and more confusion".
ALSO READ: Protests criticise British PM Boris Johnson's move to suspend parliament weeks before Brexit
"Let there be no doubt about the consequences of this vote tonight.
It means that Parliament is on the brink of wrecking any deal we might be able to strike in Brussels," said Johnson soon after his first major defeat as PM.
"Because tomorrow's bill would hand control of the negotiations to the EU.
And that would mean more dither, more delay, more confusion," he said.
In a clear warning to his party rebels, he said if Parliament votes for the bill to block a no-deal Brexit on Wednesday, the public will have to choose who goes to the EU on October 17 to sort the issue out and take Brexit forward.
"The people of this country will have to choose.
The Leader of the Opposition [Jeremy Corbyn] has been begging for an election for two years.
"I don't want an election but if MPs vote tomorrow [Wednesday] to stop the negotiations and to compel another pointless delay of Brexit, potentially for years, then that will be the only way to resolve this.
I can confirm that tonight we will are tabling a motion under the Fixed Term Parliament Act," he said.
Corbyn said the vote had proved there is no majority in the UK for a no-deal Brexit and that Johnson should first take no deal off the table before trying to table any election motion.
Boris Jhonson UK

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
if(Jazz studies) » Refine Search
Road to success: The experiences of academically successful graduation-bound African American males
by Mendoza-Williams, Jaime, Ed.D. California State University, Long Beach. 2015: 188 pages; 10001591.
"Sound Come-unity": Post-9/11 Brown and the Politics of Intercultural Improvisation
by Panikker, Dhirendra Mikhail, Ph.D. University of California, Riverside. 2019: 305 pages; 13897374.
Local Pontifications
by Handy, Larry A., M.F.A. University of California, Riverside. 2012: 67 pages; 1508245.
The Large Ensemble/European Classical Music Paradigm and African American-Originated Dance-Musicking: A Dispositival Analysis of U.S. Secondary Music Education
by Whitesides, Vance J., Ed.D. The George Washington University. 2017: 293 pages; 10258865.
Marginalized-Literature-Market-Life: Black Writers, a Literature of Appeal, and the Rise of Street Lit
by Norris, Keenan Franklin, Ph.D. University of California, Riverside. 2013: 240 pages; 3590040.
"History will one day have its say": Patrice Lumumba and the Black Freedom Movement
by Hickner, Jamie Elizabeth, Ph.D. Purdue University. 2011: 448 pages; 3507297.
Blues signifying and the trickster figure in the improvisations of Johnny Hodges, Charlie Parker, and Ornette Coleman
by Calhoun, Fraser C., M.M. The William Paterson University of New Jersey. 2016: 118 pages; 10003779.
A world of flute music: A look at the impact of siku and shakuhachi flute traditions on Western classical repertoire
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Filmic discourses and historical consequences of political apathy: Konrad Wolf's "Ich war neunzehn"
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Effective dimensions of teaching employed within the American dance classroom: A study of an exploratory dance student ratings tool
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A Sociocultural Analysis of Motivation for Learning the Japanese Language in Contemporary Hong Kong
by Nomura, Kazuyuki, Ed.D. The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong). 2016: 200 pages; 10644395.
Just joking: Racial comedy, rhetorical education, and democratic style
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by England, Sarah Jean, M.A. University of Maryland, College Park. 2013: 115 pages; 1543591.
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The color(s) of perfection: The feminine body, beauty ideals, and identity in postwar America, 1945-1970
by Matelski, Elizabeth M., Ph.D. Loyola University Chicago. 2011: 279 pages; 3470000.
Performing transcendence: Tracing the evolution of the jazz aesthetic in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man
by Aymar, Lindsay Ellyn-Megan, M.A. California State University, Long Beach. 2016: 70 pages; 10102591.
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by Bryfman, David, Ph.D. New York University. 2009: 321 pages; 3361964.
On the Border: The Transnational Media Practice of Fronterizo Empresarios Félix and Edmundo Padilla, 1916-1937
by Tomadjoglou, Kimberly V., Ph.D. New York University. 2016: 405 pages; 10139522.
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Full Text - PDF (102.93 MB)
Bessie Smith: An American Icon From Three Perspectives
by Keeler, Matthew, Mus.M. Bowling Green State University. 2005: 63 pages; 10817790.
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by Anderson, M. Anthony, Ph.D. University of Delaware. 2011: 293 pages; 3465755.
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by Tyulkova, Yana, D.M.A. West Virginia University. 2015: 99 pages; 3702047.
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by Lightsey, Dominique Kendra, Ed.D. University of Southern California. 2020: 180 pages; 28088653.


Mix and Chic: Redecorating Your Aging Parents' Home For Safety And Comfort!
Redecorating Your Aging Parents' Home For Safety And Comfort!
As our parents age, they may find it difficult to get around the house like they once were able. Bodies stop working like they once did, forcing people to move things around and make their living arrangements more closely tailored to what is comfortable and safe. The goal is to prevent unnecessary slips and falls that can do significant damage to an aging body. If you will be in charge of redecorating your aging parents' home, make sure to include safety and comfort features they can utilize on their own without assistance.
Elevators are not just for buildings and stores. Home elevators can be implemented as well, adding an easy way for residents to get from one level to the next. This is especially important for older adults who have a difficult time making it up staircases. Home Elevators & Residential Elevator Systems make the home safer for people who struggle to get from upstairs to downstairs and vice versa. Have a professional install the system so it gets done quickly and efficiently.
Your parents may be getting older, but that does not mean they are ready to stop working and getting things accomplished. Many older adults continue working but might try working from home instead of having to make a commute each day. Create a stylish home office for them that includes everything they need to get their work done. Ensure there is good lighting so weakened eyesight does not hinder the experience. You should also add a conversation area with a couple of comfortable chairs or a couch where they can sit and relax during a break time, or converse with a client or partner if needed.
While you may prefer a soft couch you can sink into, it may be difficult for your older mom or dad to make their way out of it once they have sat down. It is best to purchase comfortable furniture that would not be hard on their aching backs, yet still allows them to get up or down on their own. A soft yet somehow firm couch would be a better option. Their bed may need replacing as well, along with the dining room chairs and anything else that gets sat or laid on for rest or relaxation.
Grab bars are often seen in hospital restrooms in the shower and near the toilet. It allows people to hold onto something if they need to lower themselves down carefully or get up from a seated position. Many older adults start struggling to get up or down on their own, so bars like this in their home bathrooms would be ideal. Make sure you watch the weight limit of the bars you install to ensure they can hold up your mom or dad safely.
Despite their low-risk appearance, rugs can be hazardous to those who have a hard time getting around. The best option is to get rid of the rugs altogether, but if your parents do not want to do that, then taping them down is the next best choice. It will ensure they are stuck to the ground well so the edges will not come up and cause someone to trip when they are trying to walk over the area.
Our aging parents need our help more than ever. Before they have started to struggle, help them out with some home redecorating that will get the place in ideal condition as they start to get older. With grab bars installed, rugs taped down, comfortable furniture, and a home elevator, your parents will have a safe and comfortable home they can continue to live in on their own for some time.
Cool designer alert- Lori Paranjape!
Cool designer alert- Lexi Westergard!
Making Your Log Cabin More Energy Efficient!
Cool designer alert- Leslie Jenkins!
Cool designer alert- Christine Markatos Lowe!
5 Major Ways You Can Improve Your Home!


text:
Q: How to stop sequelize from sending default value to MYSQL table? The console log:
Executing (default): INSERT INTO `testtables` (`id`,`forgot_code`,`customer_id`) VALUES (DEFAULT,610,199)

How can I stop sequelize from sending DEFAULT value into my column id ?
How can I stop sequelize from inserting into my Primary Key since it is already on auto increment ?
My code:
var TestTable= sequelize.define('testtables', {
    id:{
        type:Sequelize.INTEGER,
        primaryKey: true,
        autoIncrement: true
    },
    forgot_code:Sequelize.INTEGER,
    customer_id:Sequelize.INTEGER
},{
    timestamps: false,
});

A: A bit late reply, but I had similar issue with Percona. So the solution for us was adding a hook:
new Sequelize(database, username, password, {
  dialect: 'mysql',

  // FIXME: This is a temporary solution to avoid issues on Percona when Sequelize transform insert query into
  // INSERT INTO [TABLE_NAME] (`id`, ...) VALUES (DEFAULT, ...)
  hooks: {
    beforeCreate: ((attributes) => {
      if (attributes
        && attributes.dataValues
        && attributes.dataValues.hasOwnProperty('id')
      ) {
        delete attributes.dataValues.id
      }
    })
  },
})

Update: found this solution on DB level: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sql-mode.html#sqlmode_no_auto_value_on_zero

A: 1.delete all node modules
2.Re install node modules( npm install)
Now, issue will be fixed. This worked for me.

A: You have to remove autoIncrement: true from your model definition. Now, inserting without providing the id value will fail. For example, the below code will fail
const User = sequelize.define('user', {
  id: {
    type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
    primaryKey: true,
    // autoIncrement: true
  },
  username: Sequelize.STRING,
});

sequelize.sync({ force: true })
  .then(() => User.create({
    username: 'test123'
  }).then((user) => {
    console.log(user);
  }));

However if you uncomment autoIncrement: true, insert will go through

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Google cloud storage listing files in bucket requires permission for project owner I'm currently using web UI to browse the files in one of the buckets and I happen to be the project owner as well. However I get a permission error

You need the storage.objects.list permission to list objects in this
  bucket. Ask a project or bucket owner to give you this permission,
  then try again.

I'm completely stumped as I'm project owner. Any ideas?

A: The role roles/owner doesn't grant access to data within buckets.
The best resource to figure out which built-in IAM roles can do which things is the Google Cloud Platform IAM Permissions Reference.
On that page, CTRL-F for storage.objects.list (or for that matter, any other permission you're interested in) and you will see the roles that grant it on the right-hand column. Note that project owner (roles/owner) is not in the list of roles that grant this permission.
When buckets are created, roles/storage.legacyBucketOwner is granted to project owners, editors, and viewers by default. However, this permission can always be revoked, and in fact many users choose to remove this permission for more granular control over access to data in the bucket as opposed to project resources like VMs.
A good example would be a bucket which contains sensitive PII data. You might not want people who can SSH into VMs in the project to be in-scope to read that data.

A: In the GCP Console navigate to the IAM Admin menu.

*

*Choose IAM (top menu item)

Select your account.
In the info panel click on Add Role
Add the Storage Object Admin role to your account

*Choose Service Accounts menu item from the IAM menu (below Quotas)

Select the compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com or default account.
In the info panel click on Add Member and add your account.
You should now have full access to the Storage Bucket

A: I remember when I used google storage for speech API, I need to go to IAM console to add "Storage Admin" role to the service account even though I'm the project owner.
I understand that you're not using gsutil. But at this point, maybe give it a try to create the service account and give it the right permission? Hopefully, this will make it work for you.

A: You can try running this command
gsutil iam ch 'user:myacc@mydoma.in:legacyObjectOwner' gs://mybucket

it's worked for me.
else you can go in I&AM and assign the storage admin role to your account.


text:
Home / RESEARCH CENTER / BIOGRAPHIES – ALPHABETICAL / ANNE HUDNALL MARTIN
ANNE HUDNALL MARTIN
Credit: Nevada State Museum
Born: Feb. 1, 1857, Memphis, Missouri
Died: Feb. 20, 1928, Carson City, Nevada
Major Fields of Work: teacher, newspaper owner and editor, superintendent of U.S. Assay Office (formerly the U.S. Mint in Carson City).
Newspaper owner, assay office superintendent opposed women's suffrage
Anne Hudnall Martin achieved a couple of significant accomplishments in Nevada women's history: first kindergarten teacher in the state, an early newspaper owner and editor, and the first woman to be appointed superintendent of the U.S. Assay Office in Carson City. Conversely, she opposed women's suffrage in her newspaper editorials.
Ironically, she was often mistakenly identified by the public with Anne Henrietta Martin, who campaigned across the state for women's suffrage, which became state law in 1914.
After Anne Martin Hudnall was born on Feb. 1, 1857 in Memphis, Missouri, her mother, Ann Maria Knott Hudnall, died six days later. On the request of her father, John Randolph Hudnall, she became a member of her aunt's family although never legally adopted. As a result, her names were switched: she was known thereafter as Anne Hudnall Martin, usually known as "Annie."
Her uncle, Charles Martin, and her aunt, Mary Hudnall Martin, moved to Virginia City, Nev., in August 1863 when Annie was six years old. Three months later, the family relocated to Carson City where Charles Martin was employed as a deputy by Orion Clemens, secretary to Nevada's territorial governor, James Nye. He was appointed Deputy Secretary of State when the state government was organized in 1864 and held the office for 14 years. He was elected Recorder of Ormsby County in 1882.
Childhood friends with Jennie Clemens, Orion's daughter, Annie called Clemens' younger brother Samuel, who became author Mark Twain during his stay in Carson City and Virginia City, "Uncle Sam." Annie attended Carson City schools.
She began her teaching career in 1877 as the first kindergarten teacher in Nevada at Hannah Clapp's Sierra Seminary for a salary of $20 per month. Later, she taught elementary grades in public schools for 13 years.
Music was a lifelong passion. Annie played the organ at the First Presbyterian Church in Carson City for 40 years, and played for the Carson City Opera Company. She organized and performed on holidays at the Nevada State Prison. Inmates showed their appreciation through the years by giving her a shawl made at the prison and a set of silver.
In 1892, she changed careers, buying The Carson Daily Morning News. On assuming her new duties as editor and owner, she wrote, "Upon assuming the duties of the editor of the Carson Daily News, I feel somewhat at a loss what to say at this early stage of my journalism. From the position of school teacher, with rattan and chalk as emblems of the trade, to the editorial chair with its accompanying pen and scissors, is but a long step in many ways, and the event is an important one in a mortal's life. Since this mortal is of the weaker sex, it is with no little trepidation that I take up the new work. Newspaper business is entirely to my liking and I hope to succeed by patient work and unfailing energy. The politics will be thoroughly and distinctly Republican in tone …"
She staunchly supported the Republican Party and was opposed to women's suffrage, although she consistently reported speeches by suffrage supporters.
Sherilyn Cox Bennion wrote in her book, Equal to the Occasion, "(Hudnall) reprinted articles to the effect that women owed their first loyalty to their children and should not squander their energies on activities outside the home."Yet Hudnall gave support to individual women for their achievements. For example, she praised the daughter of State Senator Andrew Maute of Nye County for running her father's newspaper without assistance while he served in the Nevada Legislature. She reprinted an item about three young ladies who handled a "combined harvester" and commended their competence.
Hudnall was one of the founding members of the Nevada Press Association when it organized in 1895. When the Silver Party came to power in the state, Hudnall sold the newspaper in 1895 because she no longer had political connections with the new party.
She turned to management of dry goods and stationery stores for seven years. In the 1900 census, she was listed as a cashier. In 1902, she returned to work at her former newspaper as city editor and bookkeeper. In 1908, she passed the civil service examination for clerk in the U.S. Assay Office in Carson City (formerly the U.S. Mint), and in 1913 was promoted to chief clerk. In 1918, she took a civil service exam in a bid to secure a U.S. Post Office job in Carson City.
But her career path remained open at the Assay Office. On July 7, her name was nominated in the U.S. Senate for the job of assayer-in-charge and confirmed on July 13. She was appointed by President Warren Harding in 1921 as the first woman Superintendent of the U.S. Assay Office at Carson City, Nev. The job entailed performing calculations to determine the value of bullion deposits, issue all checks, make reports and correspondence; be sure the budget is strictly adhered to; order supplies, and make bullion shipments to the U.S. Mint in San Francisco.
Annie always appreciated the chance to set the record straight regarding her appointment to the U.S. Mint Assay office in Carson City. There was a great deal of confusion in the press over Annie Hudnall Martin and suffragist and candidate for U.S. Senate, Anne Henrietta Martin.
One of Annie's best responses was to clarify, in no uncertain terms, that an article published in the Engineering and Mining Journal in August 1921, was incorrect. Annie set the record straight in her letter to the editor: "You have the right name but the wrong "loidy." I am not the political Anne H. Martin, with all her brilliancy and honorable career, but Annie H. Martin, resident of Carson City since 1863 and never of Reno. I do like to be known for my own merits and not those of somebody else."
Although Martin never married, she was involved with her community and family. She cared for her grandnephew, Kenneth V. Plumber, after his mother's death, and Plumber said she also raised his cousin Webber Calvin. In 1917, she was listed as a member of the Red Cross society. In 1922, she was a judge in an essay contest on the issue of making highways safer.
She wrote her own autobiography at least three times. Twice in 1925 she responded to requests for her biography, once for a student assignment at Carson City High School, which she called "An Old Settler's Story." That same year the Women's News Service contacted Annie for her biography for their publication on women who were employed in important administrative posts for the federal government. She reminisced about her childhood, friends, family, life in Carson City, and her time at the U. S. Assay Office.
When she died on Feb. 20, 1928, of an apoplectic stroke, the Carson City public schools closed for her funeral, the Presbyterian Church organ remained closed, and the flag over the U.S. Mint flew at half-staff. She is buried in the Lone Mountain Cemetery in Carson City, a few yards away from the grave of Jennie Clemens. Her headstone reads "Dedicated to the memory of Annie H. Martin by her bereaved students and classmates, in loving remembrance of her great devotion, unfailing kindness, unselfish service and sterling womanhood."
Researched by Patti Bernard and written by Janice Hoke. Edited by Cindy Southerland, biographer of Annie Hudnall Martin.
Bennion, Sherilyn Cox. Equal to the Occasion, Women Editors of the Nineteenth-Century West. University of Nevada Press, Reno, Nevada. 1990.
Congressional Record – Senate, July 7, 1921, Nominations.
Congressional Record – House, July 13, 1921, Confirmations.
Du Fresne, Kelli, biographical sketch.
Dunn, Hal B., "Breaking Though the Glass Ceiling: the Annie Martin Story" CM-0005.
Engineering and Mining Journal, Vol. 112, No. 7, July 1 to December 31, 1921.
Harmon, Barbara. From the Rattan and Chalk to the Editorial Chair. Unpublished manuscript written for the Nevada Historical Society, Reno, NV, 1983.
Highton, Jake. Nevada Newspaper Days, A History of Journalism in the Silver State. Heritage West Books, Stockton, CA. 1990.
Nevada State Journal (Reno, Nevada), March 4, 1911. P3:4.
Reno Evening Gazette (Reno, Nevada), Dec. 27, 1917, P5:2.
Reno Evening Gazette (Reno, Nevada), Jan. 9, 1918, P8:4.
Southerland, Cindy. Cemeteries of Carson City and Carson Valley. Arcadia Publishing. 2010.
Southerland, Cindy, Annie H. Martin biographer, unpublished manuscript.
"Winners are Announced in Road Essay Contest." Reno Evening Gazette (Reno, Nevada), Feb. 8, 1922, P3:6.


text:
Q: Enzyme Blocking Probability A linear structure Polymer has $12$ binding sites, $6$ inhibitors. Each inhibitor occupies $1$ binding site, and an enzyme requires at least $4$ consecutive non-occupied binding sites to bind with the polymer. What is the probability that a polymer with $6$ inhibitors can still bind with an enzyme?
So I have been trying to set up the probability model. The enzyme requires $4$ consecutive open sites, but there are also $6$ inhibitors, which means that the scenarios where there are $\{4, 5, 6\}$ consecutive open sites would allow the enzyme to bind. But I am having trouble with the math, any help?

A: I assume that each site can be occupied by at most one inhibitor.
There are $\binom86=28$ ways in which $4$ particular consecutive sites can be free, $\binom76=7$ ways in which $5$ particular consecutive sites can be free, and $\binom66=1$ way in which $6$ particular consecutive sites can be free.
We can choose $4$ consecutive sites in $9$ ways, so there are $9\cdot28=252$ ways to leave $4$ consecutive sites free. However, that double-counts configurations in which $5$ consecutive sites are free, so we have to subtract those. We can choose $5$ consecutive sites in $8$ ways, so there are $8\cdot7=56$ ways to leave $5$ consecutive sites free, for a total of $252-56=196$. Note that configurations in which $6$ consecutive sites are free have been counted $3-2=1$ time, as required.
In all, there are $\binom{12}6=924$ ways to distribute the inhibitors over the sites, so the probability that $6$ consecutive sites are free is
$$
\frac{196}{924}=\frac7{33}\approx21\%\;.
$$


text:
Lucie Satrapová, née le  à Havlíčkův Brod, est une joueuse internationale  tchèque de handball, évoluant au poste de gardienne de but.

Carrière
En 2013, elle finit meilleure gardienne au pourcentage d'arrêt du championnat du monde 2013, disputé avec l'équipe de République tchèque, avec  de tirs arrêtés

À l'été 2018, elle rejoint le Paris 92 en remplacement de Silje Solberg.

Palmarès

En club

En sélection
 championnats du monde
  du championnat du monde 2013

Références

Liens externes

Handballeuse internationale tchèque
Joueuse du DHC Slavia Prague
Joueuse du Thüringer HC
Joueuse du Paris 92
Naissance en juillet 1989
Naissance à Havlíčkův Brod
Naissance en Tchécoslovaquie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Venezuelan Air Force (Aviación Militar Bolivariana)
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (República Bolivariana de Venezuela)
Venezuelan Air Force • National Army Aviation • Naval Aviation & AD • National Guard Aviation • Aviation School • Federal Government Aviation • •
Su-30MK2V --- Su-35F --- F-16A --- F-16B --- Mirage 50EV --- Mirage 50DV --- VF-5A --- VF-5B --- RVF-5A --- K-8W --- CF-5A --- CF-5D --- NF-5B --- T-2D --- AT-27 --- OV-10E --- OV-10A --- Mi-28NE ---
CATEGORY PAGE : 1[2] [3] [4]
Rockwell OV-10E Bronco
: Two-seat FAC/COIN version for the Venezuelan Air Force (Aviación Militar Bolivariana)
North American (Rockwell) OV-10AE Bronco:
# The Venezuelan Air Force has operated a number of new build OV-10Es and ex-USAF OV-10As over the years. On 27 November 1992, the aircraft were widely used by mutinied officers who staged an attempted coup d'état against former President Carlos Andrés Pérez. The rebels dropped bombs and launched rockets against Police and government buildings in Caracas. Four Broncos were lost during the uprising, including two shot down by a loyalist F-16 Falcon.
Venezuela's OV-10s are to be retired in the coming years. Originally Venezuela attempted to procure Embraer Super Tucano aircraft to replace the OV-10, but no deal was achieved which President Chavez claimed a result of pressure from the US government. The Venezuelan government has decided not to replace them with new fixed wing aircraft. Rather, the Venezuelan Air Force is replacing them with the Russian made Mil Mi-28 attack helicopter.
# The OV-10 Bronco, a rugged, maneuverable, twin-turboprop, multimission aircraft, served with the U.S. Air Force and Marine Corps (OV-10A). The U.S. Navy also used the OV-10. The Navy squadron VAL-4 "Black Ponies" flew them with much success in the Vietnam War. Internationally, the OV-10 served with the military services of West Germany (OV-10B), Thailand (OV-10C), Venezuela (OV-10E) and Indonesia (OV-10F). Designed and built by North American at Columbus, Ohio, the Bronco complemented the performance requirements between jets and helicopters. Faster and more tactically versatile than helicopters, yet slower and more maneuverable than jets, the Bronco utilized tactics not possible with either.
The OV-10D night observation system (NOS) featured a unique night observation and target marking system that included forward-looking infrared (FLIR) and laser designator/ranger. With uprated 1040 SHP turboprop engines and fiberglass propellers, NOS provided greater range, improved performance and greater survivability.
In military operations, the Bronco's outstanding capability to find and hit battlefield targets close to friendly troops made this an aircraft effective against conventional and guerrilla forces. The effective application of the Bronco's versatility, however, did not end with purely military functions. Civil action applications added significantly to the cost-effectiveness of this economical aircraft.
Military applications for which the Bronco was particularly suited include anti-guerrilla operations, helicopter escort, close air support, armed reconnaissance and forward air control. In addition, it could be used for utility missions such as cargo paradrop, delivery of up to six paratroops, medical evacuation, smoke screening and psychological warfare with leaflets and loudspeakers.
For peacetime operations, the guns, bomb racks and armor could be removed quickly, and the aircraft became a high-performance STOL utility vehicle. Potential applications included aerial mapping, geological survey, spraying, disaster relief and patrol work.
Ruggedness and simplicity of operation were emphasized in the design of the Bronco. The fuselage was mounted under the wing and provided tandem seating for pilot and observer. The canopy design afforded better visibility than that of most helicopters. Each crewman was equipped with an LW-3B ejection seat system, also designed and built at Columbus, which was capable of zero-speed, zero-altitude ejections.
Armor protection, a bullet-resistant windshield and self-sealing fuel cells were provided for operations in a hostile environment. Twin engines, dual manual flight controls and rugged and simple construction also contributed to survivability and safety.
The OV-10 was equipped with seven external store stations and four 7.62 mm guns installed in the sponsons. A variety of conventional ordnance could be delivered in addition to 2,000 rounds of ammunition. The seven external store stations consisted of four sponson store stations, one centerline station and two external wing stations. Sponson accessibility provided rapid loading of stores and ammunition. The wing stations could carry the LAU-7/A launcher for mounting either rocket packages or missiles. The centerline store station also had the capability of carrying either a 20 mm gun pod or a 150-, 230- or 300-gallon (568-, 871- or 1136-liter) external fuel tank.
Removal of the armament sponsons and the back seat with its associated armor enabled a quick and simple conversion to a civil action configuration, which permitted the carrying of 3,200 pounds (1,452 kilograms) of cargo in the aft fuselage.
For operation in remote areas, the Bronco had a specially designed rough field landing gear, required no ground equipment for starting and could be maintained with simple handtools. In the event of an emergency, the Bronco could use high-octane or automotive fuel in place of jet fuel with only a slight degradation of power.
Serial Numbers: Used by the Escuadrón de Operaciones Especiales 151.
5 OV-10E : FAC/COIN 5 OV-10A : Training/COIN 4 OV-10A : Stored
3923	(c/no. 354-006) BuNo 159062
4159 (c/no.	354-014) BuNo 159070
9988 (c/no.	354-016) BuNo 159072 0431	(c/no. 305-5) 66-13556
0068 (c/no. 305-7) 66-13558
9004	(c/no. 305-32) 67-14624
1990 (c/no.	321-121) 68-3795)
4523	(c/no. 305-6) 66-13557
5011 (c/no. 305-10) 66-13561
Venezuela AF
Venezuela AF News:


text:
Is "Loser Pays" a Vestige of Oppression? Part I
Mark Pulliam
In response to a recent post on my blog, Misrule of Law, regarding the award of attorneys' fees in litigation, a friend of mine scolded me for criticizing the so-called "American rule," pursuant to which each side generally bears its own attorneys' fees in lawsuits (subject to contractual or statutory cost-shifting). In my blog piece, entitled "One-Sided Loser Pays is the Worst of Both Worlds," I remarked that "the entire legal system incentivizes litigation, and nowhere is this more apparent than the treatment of attorneys' fees. The United States, practically alone in the world, does not follow the so-called English rule—loser pays. The 'American rule' [means]…that a defendant who incurs a fortune defending a meritless lawsuit has no recourse against the unsuccessful plaintiff."
Critics of the American rule tend to view the filing of a lawsuit as a form of economic aggression: The plaintiff's commencement of litigation—invoking the coercive powers of the state—undeniably alters the status quo by requiring the defendant to incur substantial legal expenses to defend himself. If the defendant does nothing, he loses by default and is subject to government-enforced execution of the resulting judgment. In addition to imposing enormous expense, litigation also subjects a defendant to significant intrusion (such as through pretrial discovery), inconvenience, and aggravation. Although sometimes necessary to enforce contracts and property rights, litigation itself is not a form of "private ordering," such as consensual exchanges in a free market.
If the lawsuit turns out to be unmeritorious, and the defendant prevails, he is nonetheless saddled with large—and wholly unnecessary—legal bills. Surely justice imposes some obligation on the unsuccessful plaintiff to compensate the defendant for his financial injury, caused by the commencement of an unmeritorious lawsuit. Moreover, failing to penalize plaintiffs for bringing unmeritorious lawsuits incentivizes predatory litigation by rigging the cost-benefit analysis in favor of pursuing marginal claims. If the plaintiff wins, he gets a judgment or settlement; if he loses, he walks away scot-free. Without the risk of adverse consequences, the rational plaintiff will err in favor of pursuing weak claims. Discouraging frivolous litigation is sound public policy.
My friend, who is a conservative (albeit libertarian-leaning) lawyer, found my position objectionable. He strongly favors the American rule, and is opposed to the concept of "loser pays" (which is followed, not just in England, but in most of the western world outside the U.S.), because, he contends, it is a relic of a class-stratified era, and was used by the upper class to suppress claims by small land owners and others who could be destroyed by an unjust fee award. (Based on that logic, the same charge of inherent class bias could be made against the entire body of English common law.) "In this country," he admonished, "we did things differently for a very good reason." My friend suggested, perhaps facetiously, that criticism of the American rule borders on being "un-American."
As a right-of-center commentator, I am used to criticism from the Left, but not often from fellow conservatives, and certainly not on the issue of civil justice reform—a topic that generally receives broad support across the conservative-libertarian spectrum. Had I overlooked something? I revisited my research on loser pays (which was admittedly 20 years old), and found that loser pays is still favored by a sizable flotilla of scholars and advocates, including Walter Olson (of Cato Institute), the Manhattan Institute, the Heritage Foundation, George Mason law professor David Bernstein, Ted Frank (currently of the Competitive Enterprise Institute), John Stossel, Reason magazine, the Texas Public Policy Foundation, Texans for Lawsuit Reform, former House Speaker Newt Gingrich (who made it part of the Contract With America in 1995), and even some liberals, such as Michael Kinsley and Steven Brill.
What was the source of my friend's belief that loser pays is an archaic vestige of feudal oppression, properly rejected by the more-egalitarian American legal system at the founding of the republic? This thesis appears to be the Left's narrative, espoused by some progressive historians and trotted out by the plaintiffs' bar. The opponents of loser pays include the American Bar Association, ThinkProgress, the American Association for Justice, the Washington Post, and the New York Times, none of which is normally considered a bellwether of classical liberal thought. I cite these sources, pro and con, not to make an "appeal to authority," but merely to delineate the nature of the dispute and the identity of the disputants. Let's take a closer look at the issue.
Comparing legal rules across national borders can be difficult. There are many differences between England and the United States, aside from their treatment of attorneys' fees in litigation. For one thing, England is more of a welfare state than is the U.S., with government-provided health care and other entitlements not generally available in America, including legal aid for indigents in civil cases. Britons are less litigious, and per capita have far fewer lawyers. Although American government and legal systems derive from a common Anglo-Saxon heritage, England has a much longer and more complicated history.
Despite their differences, however, America and England enjoy many similarities. Both are affluent, English-speaking western democracies governed by the rule of law. Yet, in comparison to England (or even Canada, our neighbor to the north), America's legal system is extraordinarily costly. According to critics of the U.S. civil justice system, some of these greater costs are due to American innovations not present in England: contingent fee arrangements, class actions, jury trials in civil cases, pretrial depositions, and frequent awards of punitive damages.
What is the historical origin of the English rule, and why was it not adopted (or retained) in America? There is no pat answer to this question; the evolution of the rules, on both sides of the Atlantic, occurred over the course of many centuries, for complex reasons that defy simplistic characterization. Legal rules tend to be dynamic, not static. Moreover, societal attitudes toward lawyers have changed dramatically over time; "presentism" impedes our ability to understand past customs and beliefs.
Here is a capsule summary: Historians trace the beginning of "loser pays" in England to the Statute of Gloucester of 1278, which gave plaintiffs a right to claim certain "costs" (including attorneys' fees) in specific real property suits. Over the next several hundred years, the rule was gradually extended to encompass other claims and to make recovery available to prevailing defendants as well as plaintiffs. In 1875, the award of attorneys' fees to the prevailing party was made discretionary rather than automatic—and so it remains today. The English rule rests on the principle that the prevailing party has a right to be made whole for all legal expenses incurred as a result of an unsuccessful lawsuit—not only court costs but also attorneys' fees.
In England, and in early colonial America (throughout much of the 18th century), attorneys' fees were regulated by statute, primarily to limit the amount a lawyer could charge his client. (Lawyers were unpopular, then as now. Some colonies attempted to ban lawyers altogether.) Statutory regulation of fee recovery was just one aspect of a more comprehensive regulation of attorneys' fees. The fees of lawyers, like those of a physician, were considered to be "honorary," and payment by the client was considered to be a "mere gratuity" which a lawyer could not demand without harming his reputation. [1] A lawyer could not sue his client to compel the payment of his fee; courts could order the payment of attorneys' fees only by a losing party to a prevailing party, pursuant to statute, as part of the recoverable costs.[2]
Colonial America followed the English rule well into the 1800s (admiralty cases were treated differently as early as 1796). [3] Under English law, distinctions were drawn between "advocates" and "solicitors," various types of costs, and other arcane categories that were not germane to American practice. Gradually, these differences led American courts to deviate from English statutory and common law rules pertaining to attorneys' fees.
Thus, the colonies initially adopted the English rule, but later went in a different direction. The shift away from the English rule did not coincide with the founding of the American republic, as my friend supposes, but with the rise of the legal profession and the development of a capitalist economy. The leading scholar on the development of the American rule is Rutgers law professor John Leubsdorf. According to Leubsdorf, American lawyers freed themselves from fee regulation in the early 19th century, and the move away from loser pays had nothing to do with concerns about the English rule deterring litigation by poor plaintiffs. [4] That explanation, Leubsdorf insists, is "a pure anachronism" because courts did not talk that way "before the twentieth century." [5] Indeed, even the term "American rule" did not appear until the 20th century.
Part 2 of this post will delve further into the history of the American rule. Spoiler alert: The American rule emerged at about the same time as Alexis de Tocqueville's visit to America, during which he noted that lawyers had formed a distinct "privileged body" comparable to England's aristocracy. [6] As an aristocrat trained in the law, Tocqueville had a keen eye for such matters. The American rule does not reflect a rejection of feudal hierarchies, but the triumph of the legal class.
[1] Law v. Ewell, 15 F. Cas. 14 (D.C. Cir. 1817) (quoting attorney Roger Brooke Taney).
[2] 3 William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England 399-401 (1768).
[3] See Arcambel v. Wiseman, 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 306 (1796).
[4] John Leubsdorf, "Toward a History of the American Rule on Attorney Fee Recovery," 47 Law & Contemporary Problems 9, 10 (1984).
[6] 1 Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Vintage Classics 1990) at 273.
The American legal system's rejection of "Loser Pays" does not reflect a rejection of feudal hierarchies, but the triumph of the legal class.
The Donald, Chaos Magician
Mark Pulliam writes from East Tennessee. A Big Law veteran, he retired as a partner in a large law firm after practicing for 30 years. A contributing editor to Law & Liberty since 2015, Mark also blogs at Misrule of Law. He considers himself a fully-recovered lawyer.
The Violent Bear It Away
Richard M. Reinsch II
Tocqueville, a much wiser and more prudent thinker than the Encyclopédistes, knew that such abstract political moralizing could only lead to political terror.
What Tocqueville Can Teach Us About the Culture War
Richard Samuelson
The Old Regime and Arbitrary Rule


Multipurpose Utility cart with three 2.75" deep tub shelves. Comes with bottle holder for cleaning supplies, spray bottles or other accessories.
Measures 24"W x 18"D x 36.5"H with a clearance of 11.75" between shelves.
Janitors Utility cart with three tub shelves and bottle holder. Wear Resistant and sturdy materials ideal for carrying heavy loads too and from. Equipped with a molded in push handle, 4" heavy duty wheels with locking breaks.


text:
Q: LeetCode 39. Combination Sum - How to avoid duplicates I am doing  leetcode 39. Combination Sum.:

Given an array of distinct integers candidates and a target integer target, return a list of all unique combinations of candidates where the chosen numbers sum to target. You may return the combinations in any order.
The same number may be chosen from candidates an unlimited number of times. Two combinations are unique if the frequency of at least one of the chosen numbers is different.
It is guaranteed that the number of unique combinations that sum up to target is less than 150 combinations for the given input.
Constraints

*

*1 <= candidates.length <= 30

*1 <= candidates[i] <= 200

*All elements of candidates are distinct.

*1 <= target <= 500

I was able to write the following code:
class Solution:
    def combinationSum(self, candidates: List[int], target: int) -> List[List[int]]:
        output = []

        def backtrack(currNbr, comb):
            if currNbr == 0:
                output.append(comb.copy())
                return
            elif currNbr < 0:
                return

            for nbr in candidates:
                comb.append(nbr)
                currNbr = currNbr - nbr
                backtrack(currNbr, comb)
                comb.pop()
                currNbr = currNbr + nbr

        backtrack(target, comb = [])

        return output

However, I cannot make it in sort to avoid duplicates. I have seen some solutions online but they all seem to use an index i. Can anyone please explain to me, how to change my code to avoid duplicates?

A: Yes, it is common to make use of the index i. This is because once you iterate to the next nbr of combinations, nowhere in the deeper recursion, should an entry be selected from combinations that comes before the one selected here.
You can do this without i, and instead pass a shortened copy of combinations, which will only have those entries which are still allowed to be selected.
There are several ways to do this. One should take care of correctly iterating over a list when you also want to make it shorter. Also, pop() is more efficient than pop(0). So I have opted to use reversed to iterate in reversed order:
        def backtrack(candidates, currNbr, comb):   # Extra parameter
            if currNbr == 0:
                output.append(comb.copy())
                return
            elif currNbr < 0:
                return

            for nbr in reversed(candidates):  #  Reversed iteration
                comb.append(nbr)
                backtrack(candidates[:], currNbr - nbr, comb)  # Pass a copy
                comb.pop()
                candidates.pop()  # The discarded element should not be used

        backtrack(candidates, target, comb = [])  #  Extra argument


text:
Home Spawning Reports Blennies Ethological observations on the blennioid fishes Hypsoblennius hentz (Le Sueur) and Chasmodes saburrae Jordan and Gilbert
Ethological observations on the blennioid fishes Hypsoblennius hentz (Le Sueur) and Chasmodes saburrae Jordan and Gilbert
This entry was posted on Sunday, April 10th, 1966 and is filed under Blennies, Journal of MaquaCulture.
by Martin A. Moe, Jr.
unpublished paper, spring 1966
reprinted here by permission
Two species of blennioid fishes Hypsoblennius hentz (Le Sueur) and Chasmodes saburrae (Jordan and Gilbert), were contained in aquaria and observed from 10 February 1966 to 31 March 1966. Resting, locomotion, aggressive, defensive, feeding, territorial and spawning behavior were observed and described. Spawning was observed only in H. hentz . Parental care was restricted to egg guarding by the male. The fry hatched after a period of 8 to 10 days. H. hentz exhibited more complex behavioral patterns than C. saburrae and is assumed to have reached a higher evolutionary level. Blennies are considered to have an excellent potential for ethological investigations.
Blennies are small, shallow water coastal fishes with an extensive distribution. A great deal of speciation has occurred in the evolutionary history of the family Blenniidae. Since these fishes are for the most part restricted to coastal environs, this speciation has probably resulted from coastal discontinuities of past geological ages.
Blennies are good subjects for ethological studies because of the following factors. (1) They are readily available from temperate and tropical areas and their shallow water habitat allows observation in natural surroundings as well as easy procurement. (2) Blennies are hardy fish and adapt well to small aquaria and reduced salinities. (3) Sexual dimorphism and a repertoire of behavior patterns are present in blennies.
Behavioral investigations on blennies are sparse and mostly restricted to accounts of nests, eggs, and developmental stages (Ford, 1922; Hildebrand and Cable, 1938; LeBour, 1927; Shultz and DeLacy, 1932). Robins, Phillips and Phillips (1959) published extensive behavioral observations on pike blenny, Chaenopsis ocellata. Dr. John S. Stephens of Occidental College and Dr. George Losey of Scripps are currently working on ecological aspects of micro separation and comparative breeding behavior, respectively, of Northeastern Pacific species of Hypsoblennius. Little is known of the behavior of Atlantic blennies, and to my knowledge, nothing is known of behavior in the Gulf of Mexico species. Blennies provide an excellent opportunity to contribute to ethological knowledge of fishes.
Hypsoblennius hentz and Chasmodes saburrae are the common blennies of the Tampa Bay, [Florida], area. Both species range over most of Florida, but H. hentz occurs from New Jersey to Yucatan (Hubbs, 1939) while C. saburrae is replaced by its congener, C. bosquianus, at about Matansa Inlet on the Atlantic coast and at about Pensacola on the Gulf coast. A small area of sympatry occurs on the Gulf coast between Florida and Louisiana.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Blennies were selected as the subject of my project in animal behavior because I was acquainted with them in the field and knew they adapted well to aquaria. A bait shrimper, Tom Stokell, was able to supply me with both species of blennies and I soon had enough fish for the duration of the study.
C. saburrae were obtained from the shallow grass flats of upper Tampa Bay and H. hentz were taken from irregular bottom in lower Tampa Bay. The fish were transported to the Florida Board of Conservation Marine Laboratory in St. Petersburg, the site of this study. Three aquaria were set up to contain the blennies. A large 20 gallon aquarium was used as a holding tank to assure a continuous supply of fish and two 10 gallon aquaria were set up as experimental tanks with a gravel substrate, false turtle grass, Thalassia, and a variety of shells and coral pieces.
Observations spanned the period from 10 February 1966 to 5 April 1966. A total of about 45 to 50 hours were spent in watching and working with the fish. Most observation periods were limited to less than one hour, but several periods of two to four hours contributed to the total observation time. The following program summarizes the manipulation of aquarium contents during the course of the project.
The contents of the 20 gallon tank were not significantly changed.
10 February 1966: Eighteen C. saburrae were obtained and placed in the 20 gallon aquarium. Observations on aggregating and feeding behavior followed.
18 February 1966: Twenty H. hentz were been obtained and placed in the holding tank.
22 February 1966: One male and one female C. saburrae were placed in a 10 gallon aquarium under conditions that simulated the natural environment.
24 February 1966: One male and one female H. hentz were placed into a second 10 gallon aquarium under conditions that simulated the natural environment.
28 February 1966: A second male was placed into each aquarium to supplement the original pair of each species.
U: The spawning of H. hentz was observed.
2 March 1966: C. saburrae were taken from the 10 gallon aquarium and returned to the holding tank. Two male and two female H. hentz were placed in this aquarium in hopes that they would also spawn.
3 March 1966: The new or second tank of H. hentz also spawned.
7 March to 13 March 1966: Intermittent observations.
14 March 1966: Fry were found in the second tank of H. hentz. The fish were removed from the first tank of H. hentz with the exception of the dominant male. Two new females and one new male were introduced into the tank. H. hentz were also removed from the second tank and replaced with C. saburrae; two males and two females. The first 10 gallon aquarium now contained a new compliment of H. hentz and the second 10 gallon aquarium now contained only C. saburrae as it was originally intended.
15 March to 21 March 1966: Intermittent observations.
22 March 1966: A pair, male and female, of C. saburrae were placed in the first aquarium with the group of H. hentz, and a pair of H. hentz were placed in the second aquarium with the group of C. saburrae.
27 March to 31 March 1966: A fungus infection attacked the fish in the small tanks and then moved to the large tank. Most of the blennies were killed and the observations terminated.
H. hentz and C. saburrae differ both morphologically and ethologically. Morphology is important to behavioral studies since structure closely reflects function. Taxonomic descriptions of these fishes are available in the literature (Hubbs, 1939; Springer, 1959) and will not be repeated here.
The general form of H. hentz is illustrated in Figure I, as are the characters of sexual dimorphism. The males have a much larger orbital tentacle and attain greater size than females. Also, the first two anal spines of the male are modified into broad leaf-like structures and the anterior portion of the dorsal fin has a bright blue spot rather than a diffuse white area as in the female.
Figure II illustrates the general form of C. saburrae and the characters of sexual dimorphism. Only the male is figured since the female differs from the male only in the absence of the depicted characters. The males attain greater size than the females, possess a bright blue spot between the first two dorsal fin spines and have the first two anal spines modified into bulbous, finely striated structures. The genital area in the females of both species is enlarged into almost a papillate structure.
Although most behavior patterns reported below were observed repeatedly, lack of time prevented a quantitative analysis of behavior. Observations were not extensive enough to allow more than subjective estimates of display intensity levels. Results for both species are listed together under each general category of behavior to facilitate comparison.
General aquarium "attitude":
It is anthropomorphic to use the term "attitude" or "personality" in describing the actions of the fish, but I shall do so here to convey the general impression on the habits of each species.
H. hentz are bold, curious little fish. They dart rapidly about the aquarium and perch atop shells while actively surveying their environment. They are openly aggressive and chase each other about the aquarium. A finger pressed against the glass will entice them to leave the shelter of their shell and peck eagerly at the glass.
C. saburrae are shy little fish. They seldom leave the security of shelter, and when they do venture forth, it is only to effect an immediate return or travel to another secure location.
Resting behavior:
H. hentz is a robust little fish. Its pedestal shaped pelvic fins are thoracic and are used to support the anterior portion of the body well above the substrate when the animal is motionless. The posterior portion of the body is supported by the anal fin in tripod fashion. The dorsal fin is always erect when the fish is motionless in the open, but it may be erect or depressed when the fish is sheltered. H. hentz often frequents sheltered areas so small that it must curl its body to accodomodiate to them. The fish always enters the shelter head first and turns around to face outward.
C. saburrae is rarely motionless in the open. It is more slender than H. hentz and often enters crevices that require it to lie on its side. Resting can occur in either an upright posture as exhibited by H. hentz or in a lateral orientation. No preference for either position was observed, but contact with a solid object was always sought. C. saburrae always oriented in its shelter with the head facing outward.
Locomotion:
H. hentz exhibited three forms of locomotion; swimming, hopping, and creeping. The pectoral fins are t he main organs of movement control and the caudal fin provides the power of movement. Swimming is accomplished by rapid beats of the caudal fin which sends the fish upward and forward. Continuous swimming is not observed and complete trips over the length of the aquarium are rare. Hopping consists of short bouncy movements along the substrate. A distance of 3 to 6 centimeters was covered with each hop and the fish rose only about 2 centimeters off the bottom during the hop. Several hops usually occurred in sequence with a brief pause between each hop. Creeping usually occurred at the edge of the glass or in the shelter. It consists of ambulatory movements of the pelvic fin and pushing against shelter or bottom with the caudal fin. This resulted in slow movement within a small area and allowed the fish to orient in a micro-environment.
C. saburrae exhibited swimming and slithering. The caudal fin provided the power and the pectoral fins the control for both movements. C. saburrae is a great deal more slender in body than H. hentz and its movements undulatory rather than the jerky, back and forth motion. [ of H. hentz ] The fish moved about the shells and coral most frequently with a slithering movement. The undulating body came in frequent contact with the shells and gravel and produced an eel-like effect in the fish's movements. The pelvic fins were used in positioning, but C. saburrae was not observed to use them in pulling itself along the bottom.
Aggressive behavior:
Males of H. hentz displayed a deal of aggressive behavior. Other male H. hentz were the most frequent objects of aggressive behavior, but females and other species were also attacked. The low intensity threat display appeared to be an erect posture facing the intruder, erect dorsal fin and orbital tentacles, and possibly a darkening of the epidermis. When attack was near the male would open his mouth and then charge the intruder and attempt to bite. A short chase usually followed when the intruder fled. These encounters occurred rapidly and it was difficult to discern exactly what happened. Male H. hentz were often missing orbital tentacles and I believe these were lost during encounters with other males. The males were continually on guard under crowded conditions. Females were not observed to display aggressive behavior.
C. saburrae did not display aggressive behavior in the aquarium. Several males would often occupy the same shell.
Defense behavior:
Defensive behavior in H. hentz includes three behavior patters that usually occur in sequence; concealment, avoidance, and threat with attack. H. hentz seeks to conceal itself upon initial disturbance.
If a shell or crevice is not available it flattens against and tries to burrow under any nearby solid object. If disturbance persists, the blenny no longer suppresses movement and shows active avoidance behavior. Avoidance begins with movements to secure greater concealment, progresses into flight to another shelter, and terminates in a panicky flight into the aquarium wall. H. hentz does not show threat and attack in a defensive situation until the possibility of avoidance has been nullified.
The defensive threat posture differs from the aggressive threat in two manners. The dorsal fin is erected as in aggressive threats, but the body is curved as if in a shell and the mouth is held open. The curved body directs the dorsal spines towards the stimulus, and coupled with the erect dorsal fin, increases the apparent body size. The open mouth corresponds with the highest intensity level of aggressive display prior to actual attack. Defensive attack does not occur until the fish is approached and touched. The bite of attack is similar to feeding action. The bite is effected in a bulldog manner with a strong, tenacious grip and a rapid shaking or jerking of the head. The blenny immediately seeks concealment when the disturbing stimulus is removed. Both males and females displayed the same defensive behavior.
C. saburrae displays concealment and avoidance to a greater degree than H. hentz. It also exhibits the same defensive threat behavior, but at apparently a lower level of intensity. C. saburrae did not engage in panicky flight from the disturbing stimulus. It continued rapid avoidance movement from shelter to shelter until capture.
Feeding behavior:
The blennies were fed once a day and occasionally every other day Food consisted of small pieces of cut shrimp and fish dropped into the aquarium.
H. hentz would gather at the front of the aquarium during feeding. When the food was dropped into the aquarium, one or two of the larger males in the holding tank would dart upward, seize the food, and take it to the bottom. They were then the focus of attention and as they shook loose a morsel of shrimp the other H. hentz would move in, grab a mouthful, and quickly swim away. This interaction continued until the food was consumed. The dominant male in the 10 gallon aquarium was always first to grab the food, but the other males and females quickly moved in and took their share.
C. saburrae were more timid in their feeding behavior than H. hentz. They remained in their shelter for several minutes after the food was introduced and then rapidly swam to the food, took a quick bite, and returned to their shelter. Even if the attack on the food was unsuccessful, the fish returned to its shelter before making another attempt to secure food. When C. saburrae and H. hentz were together, C. saburrae obtained scraps that drifted near them as H. hentz fought over the food. If the food particle was too large to ingest at the site, C. saburrae would return to its shelter before tearing it apart.
Territorial behavior:
H. hentz, particularly males, vigorously defended an area of about 4 – 6 centimeters around their body. This area varied as the fish changed positions in the aquarium. There was a marked tendency for the larger males to remain in the vicinity of a particular shell, corner, or coral piece. Smaller males and females were easily chased away from an isolated area they frequented as well as the established area of a large male. A large male in the 10 gallon aquarium that always housed H. hentz was always dominant over all the other individuals in the aquarium, both new and old residents. He had a particular area he frequented, but often roamed the aquarium and chased other males from their shelters. The displaced male would find another shelter and then return to his original shelter when the dominant male left. He [ the dominant male ] always returned to his corner after a short period occupation. The dominant male exhibited strict territorial behavior only during, and for a day or so after, spawning occurred in his territory. Territorial behavior and individual distance are difficult to separate in H. hentz and it is probable that defense of individual distance merges into territory defense at certain times in the life cycle.
C. saburrae did not show strong territorial behavior. They could be easily displaced by other fish and would often aggregate in groups of two and three under the same shell. This aggregative behavior did not appear to be normal for the fishes were always solitary when enough shelters were available.
Spawning behavior:
H. hentz was the only species that spawned in the aquarium and spawning was only observed once, although it occurred several times. A summary of the notes taken during spawning is presented to describe this activity since generalizations developed after repeated observations cannot be provided.
Spawning was observed in the 10 gallon aquarium containing two males and one female. Male #1 was larger than, and dominant over, male #2. Spawning took place 1 March 1966 in a far corner of the aquarium close to the wall of the building. A depression had been excavated in the gravel bottom of the corner. Both male and female blennies were observed to excavate these depressions, always near a sold object, with quick movements of the tail and body. The female rapidly moved her tail and posterior portion of her body back and forth in a lateral plane as her pectoral fins rapidly beat up and down. Her pelvic fins and abdomen were tightly pressed against the glass and she moved slowly up and down the glass wall in the corner of the aquarium. Her genital; papilla was reddened and slightly swollen. Eggs were placed on, and adhered to, the glass either singly or in small groups.
Male #2 moved very near the female and assumed the same method of movement and position on the glass. He was sometimes above, sometimes below, and sometimes beside the female during their simultaneous "wiggle walk" along the wall. The dorsal fin of both male and female were erected during all activity.
The first three dorsal spines and the membrane between them are white in the female and gives the anterior portion of the fin a flag-like appearance. During and just before spawning the spot between the first two dorsal spines becomes a well-defined, intense white. The anterior portion of the dorsal fin in the male remained dark except for the spot between the first two dorsal spines which was a pronounced electric blue. Five very pronounced white lateral line spots were always present on the female and variably present on the male.
Spawning activity between male #2 and the female was apparently broken by male #1. He (male #1) attacked the spawning pair and drove them from the corner. Male #1 then "wiggle walked" over the attached eggs at irregular, frequent intervals. The female attempted to return and resume spawning. Male #1 allowed her to make a few "wiggle walks" and then chased her away. Male #2 attempted to visit the area just covered by the female and was immediately chased away by male #1. Male #1 makes a few "wiggle walks" and remains in an alert posture.
Male #2 moves to the opposite corner of the aquarium and assumes a resting position. The female digs a nest in another corner of the aquarium and "wiggle walks" on the glass. Eggs are not laid down and neither male shows interest in her activity. Random movements of both the female and male #2 occur. The female enters a small Strombus shell and then digs a depression in front of the shell. Male #2 observes the activity and chases her away from the area. Male #2 then vigorously tries to enter the shell, however it is too small to accommodate him. Male #2 expends much time and effort trying to enter the shell, without success.
The female approached the shell three times and was repulsed by male #2 each time. I attracted male #2 to the front of the aquarium several times by moving my finger against the glass. Each time I removed my finger he returned to the shell and resumed his futile attempts to enter. Although male #2 was easily enticed to the glass, male #1 never left his corner (and eggs).
Spawning also occurred in the larger holding tank. Eggs were adhered to the narrow glass wall at one end of the aquarium and a male H. hentz guarded an area of about 15 centimeters in front of the eggs. Both of his orbital tentacles were gone and he was consistently in a threat posture. The next day the eggs were no longer guarded and they soon disappeared.
The vigilance of male #1 gradually diminished and after three days he paid no special attention to the eggs. Spawning also took place in the other 10 gallon aquarium, but the act was not observed. The males in this aquarium were not observed to guard the eggs. Three millimeter fry were taken from this aquarium on 14 March 1966. A period of about 10 days elapsed between spawning and hatching.
H. hentz and C. saburrae appear to be ecologically separated in the Tampa Bay area. The collections of Springer and Woodburn (1960) and the collection for the present study indicate that C. saburrae occurs primarily on shallow grass flats and H. hentz occurs on deeper irregular bottoms that may or may not have a grass cover. Their behavior also indicates ecological separation. Although both species exhibit strong stereotaxis, H. hentz is less dependent on concealment than C. saburrae. Johnson (1965) discusses ecological separation in several species of Hypsoblennius and notes that pressures of predation and tidal surge are responsible for the development of strong concealment drives in H. jenkinsi.
Feeding in this species (as in C. saburrae) is characterized by darting out from concealment, feeding, and returning at once. The behavior of H. hentz indicates a greater freedom from predation than is enjoyed by C. saburrae. Also, the behavior patterns of H. hentz are apparently more elaborate than C. saburrae and indicate that H. hentz is the more evolutionary advanced species. Taxonomic knowledge of the group is poor, (the osteology of many genera is unknown), thus behavioral findings and conclusions cannot be correlated with morphological analysis.
Hildebrand and Cable (1939) collected the nests of H. hentz and C. saburrae to obtain material for embryological studies and noted that the male must always guard the nest if the eggs are to escape predators and fungus disease. They also concluded that the male must clean the eggs in some manner. It is possible that the male uses his modified anal spines both to fertilize and clean the eggs. Observations of repeated "wiggle walks" over eggs by the guarding male support this conjecture.
Blennies have excellent potential for ethological studies. Most of the concepts and experiments discussed by Baerends (1957) can be applied to blennies even though they were developed through studies with primarily fresh water fishes. More thorough studies with blennies would probably reveal and define coordinating mechanisms, releasing mechanisms, ritualizations, and various interactions between internal and external factors influencing behavior. Experimental manipulation of sign stimuli and quantitative analysis of behavior patterns would be very useful tools in probing the ethological enigmas of blennioid fishes.
Baerends, G. P., 1957. Behavior: the ethological analysis of fish behavior, p. 229-269. In Margaret E. Brown (ed.) The physiology of fishes, Academic Press Inc., New York
Ford, E., 1922. On the young stages of Blennius ocellaris L., Blennius pholis L., and Blennius gattorugine L.,, Jour. Mar. Biol. Asso., United Kingdom. 12:688-692.
Hildebrand, S. F. and L. E. Cable. 1938. Further notes on the development and life history of some teleosts at Beaufort, N. C. Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 48:505-642.
Hubbs, Carl L. 1939. The characters and distribution of the Atlantic coats fishes referred to the genus Hypsoblennius. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, 24:153-157.
Johnson, Robert K. 1965. A quantitative laboratory study of behavioral differences with applications to the ecology of two sympatric species of Hypsoblennius. (Abstract only), American Zoologist 5:357.
Lebour, Marie V. 1927. The eggs and newly hatched young of common blennies from the Plymouth neighbourhood. Jour. Mar. Biol. Asso., United Kingdom 14:647-650.
Robins, Richard C., Craig Phillips and Fanny Phillips. 1959. Some aspects of the behavior of the blennioid fish Chaenopsis ocellata Poey. Zoologica 44:77-84.
Schultz, Leonard P., and Allan C. DeLacy. 1932. The eggs and nesting habits of the crested blenny, Anoplarcus . Copeia 3:143-147.
Springer, Victor G. 1959. Blennioid fishes of the genus Chasmodes. Texas Jour. Sci. 11:321-334.
Springer, Victor G., and Kenneth D. Woodburn. 1960. An ecological study of fishes of the Tampa Bay area. Prof. Pap. Series 1. Fla. Bd. Cons. Marine Lab. 104 p.
Breeder's Registry staff are all volunteers and appreciate any comments or corrections on any of our posts.
Blennies, Journal of MaquaCulture
Chasmodes saburraeHypsoblennius hentzMartin Moe


text:
Q: Bash-like code completion in vim? I'm currently using superTab for completions in Vim. However, I'd like the completions to be more like bash. For example, if I'm typing
st

and the possible completions are
struct, string

I'd like it to be completed to
str

if I press tab, and ideally display a menu of possible completions.
Plugins are OK.
EDIT: completeopt+=menu, longest does most of what I want, but after the menu pops up and I narrow it down some, pressing tab again does a full completion instead of giving the next longest common prefix.

A: :set completeopt+=longest

should do the trick.
A great resource for tweaking the completion is Make Vim completion popup menu work just like in an IDE.


text:
#include "postgres.h"

#include <stdio.h>

#include "executor/execdesc.h"
#include "executor/executor.h"
#include "fmgr.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/nodes.h"
#include "nodes/pg_list.h"
#include "nodes/plannodes.h"
#include "optimizer/planner.h"
#include "tcop/dest.h"
#include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/snapmgr.h"

#include "pg_plan_tree_dot.h"

PG_MODULE_MAGIC;

extern void _PG_init(void);

static void output_sql_query(const char *sql, const char *filename, bool simplify);
static void output_plan_tree(const char *title, const char *sql, const void *obj, FILE *file,  bool simplify);

/*
 *
 */
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(generate_plan_tree_dot);
Datum
generate_plan_tree_dot(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text *sql, *filename;
	char *sql_str, *filename_str;
	bool  simplify;
	MemoryContext tempcontext, oldcontext;

	sql			= PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	filename	= PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(1);
	simplify	= PG_GETARG_BOOL(2);

	tempcontext = AllocSetContextCreate(CurrentMemoryContext,
										"print_plan_tree temporary context",
										ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MINSIZE,
										ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_INITSIZE,
										ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE);

	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(tempcontext);

	sql_str			= TextDatumGetCString(sql);
	filename_str	= TextDatumGetCString(filename);

	output_sql_query(sql_str, filename_str, simplify);

	pfree(filename_str);
	pfree(sql_str);

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
	MemoryContextDelete(tempcontext);

	PG_RETURN_VOID();
}

/*
 *
 */
static void
output_sql_query(const char *sql, const char *filename, bool simplify)
{
	List		   *raw_parsetree_list;
	DestReceiver   *dest;
	ListCell	   *lc1;
	FILE		   *file;

	file = fopen(filename, "w");
	if (file == NULL)
		elog(ERROR, "cannot create \"%s\"", filename);

	raw_parsetree_list = pg_parse_query(sql);

	dest = CreateDestReceiver(DestNone);

	foreach(lc1, raw_parsetree_list)
	{
#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 100000
		RawStmt	   *parsetree = lfirst_node(RawStmt, lc1);
#else
		Node	   *parsetree = (Node *) lfirst(lc1);
#endif
		List	   *stmt_list;
		ListCell   *lc2;

#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 100000
		stmt_list = pg_analyze_and_rewrite(parsetree, sql, NULL, 0, NULL);
#else
		stmt_list = pg_analyze_and_rewrite(parsetree, sql, NULL, 0);
#endif
		stmt_list = pg_plan_queries(stmt_list, 0, NULL);

		foreach(lc2, stmt_list)
		{
			Node	   *stmt = (Node *) lfirst(lc2);

			if (IsA(stmt, PlannedStmt) &&
				((PlannedStmt *) stmt)->utilityStmt == NULL)
			{
				QueryDesc  *qdesc;

				qdesc = CreateQueryDesc((PlannedStmt *) stmt,
										sql,
										GetActiveSnapshot(), NULL,
										dest, NULL,
#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 100000
										NULL,
#endif
										0);

				output_plan_tree("Plan Tree", sql, qdesc->plannedstmt, file, simplify);

				FreeQueryDesc(qdesc);
			}
		}
	}

	fclose(file);
}

/*
 *
 */
static void
output_plan_tree(const char *title, const char *sql, const void *obj, FILE *file, bool simplify)
{
	char *p, *buffer, *result;

	/* buffer = (char *) palloc(strlen(title) + strlen(debug_query_string) + 3); */
	buffer = (char *) palloc(strlen(title) + strlen(sql) + 3);

	sprintf(buffer, "%s: %s", title, sql);

	for (p = buffer; *p ; p++)
	{
		switch (*p)
		{
			case '\t':
				*p = ' ';
				break;
			case '\n':
				*p = ' ';
				break;
			case '"':
				*p = '\'';
				break;
			default:
				break;
		}
	}

	result = get_plan_tree_dot_string(buffer, obj, simplify);

	if (result)
	{
		fputs(result, file);
		fputs("\n", file);
		fflush(file);
	}

	if (result)
		pfree(result);

	if (buffer)
		pfree(buffer);
}


text:
Google unifies all its messaging apps under one leadership
Android Apps Google
Published: May 08, 2020, 3:19 AM
Iskra Petrova
Well, Google has not been particularly consistent with its messaging apps and services. Currently, the tech giant has several chat/messaging apps, such as Google Messages, Google Meet, Google Chat and Duo. Now, The Verge reports that the tech giant is working towards making all its apps a bit more coherent. Google has decided to bring all messaging apps under one leadership.
It's important to note that we are not talking about unifying all these different apps in one enormous Google messaging app, at least not for now. However, Google has appointed Javier Soltero, VP and GM of G Suite (Google's office and work-related collaboration suite), as the head of the new, unified team.
Javier Soltero, Google's G Suite VP, image source - CNBC
Soltero confirmed that for now there are no immediate plans of integrating all the chat apps into one, while underlining that these apps are important to people and would be irresponsible to make any sudden decisions.
"The issue that people tend to have is their ability to see across [these apps] and see themselves as a Duo user and a Meet user and a Gmail user and so forth," Soltero stated. He added that bringing the apps together under one management can help make users' lives easier.
Hiroshi Lockheimer, Google's senior VP of Android, Chrome, Chrome OS and Play stated that he acknowledges the fact that some confusion was present based on Google's history around its communication products, but now, the company is reportedly looking forward with a much coherent outlook.


text:
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/tracking_allocator.h"

#include <unordered_map>

#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/allocator.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/logging.h"

namespace tensorflow {

class TestableSizeTrackingAllocator : public Allocator {
 public:
  string Name() override { return "test"; }
  void* AllocateRaw(size_t /*alignment*/, size_t num_bytes) override {
    void* ptr = malloc(num_bytes);
    size_map_[ptr] = num_bytes;
    return ptr;
  }
  void DeallocateRaw(void* ptr) override {
    const auto& iter = size_map_.find(ptr);
    EXPECT_NE(size_map_.end(), iter);
    size_map_.erase(iter);
    free(ptr);
  }
  bool TracksAllocationSizes() override { return true; }
  size_t RequestedSize(void* ptr) override {
    const auto& iter = size_map_.find(ptr);
    EXPECT_NE(size_map_.end(), iter);
    return iter->second;
  }

 private:
  std::unordered_map<void*, size_t> size_map_;
};

class NoMemoryAllocator : public Allocator {
 public:
  string Name() override { return "test"; }
  void* AllocateRaw(size_t /*alignment*/, size_t num_bytes) override {
    return nullptr;
  }
  void DeallocateRaw(void* ptr) override {}
  bool TracksAllocationSizes() override { return true; }
};

TEST(TrackingAllocatorTest, SimpleNoTracking) {
  Allocator* a = cpu_allocator();

  EXPECT_FALSE(a->TracksAllocationSizes());

  TrackingAllocator* ta = new TrackingAllocator(a);

  void* p1 = ta->AllocateRaw(4, 4);
  ta->Deallocate(p1);
  void* p2 = ta->AllocateRaw(4, 12);

  std::pair<size_t, size_t> sizes = ta->GetSizesAndUnRef();

  EXPECT_EQ(16, sizes.first);
  EXPECT_EQ(0, sizes.second);

  ta->Deallocate(p2);
}

TEST(TrackingAllocatorTest, SimpleTracking) {
  TestableSizeTrackingAllocator a = TestableSizeTrackingAllocator();

  EXPECT_TRUE(a.TracksAllocationSizes());

  TrackingAllocator* ta = new TrackingAllocator(&a);

  void* p1 = ta->AllocateRaw(4, 12);
  ta->Deallocate(p1);
  void* p2 = ta->AllocateRaw(4, 4);

  std::pair<size_t, size_t> sizes = ta->GetSizesAndUnRef();

  EXPECT_EQ(16, sizes.first);
  EXPECT_EQ(12, sizes.second);

  ta->Deallocate(p2);
}

TEST(TrackingAllocatorTest, OutOfMemory) {
  NoMemoryAllocator a;

  EXPECT_TRUE(a.TracksAllocationSizes());

  TrackingAllocator* ta = new TrackingAllocator(&a);

  void* p1 = ta->AllocateRaw(4, 12);
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, p1);

  std::pair<size_t, size_t> sizes = ta->GetSizesAndUnRef();

  EXPECT_EQ(0, sizes.first);
  EXPECT_EQ(0, sizes.second);
}

TEST(TrackingAllocatorTest, FreeNullPtr) {
  NoMemoryAllocator a;

  EXPECT_TRUE(a.TracksAllocationSizes());

  TrackingAllocator* ta = new TrackingAllocator(&a);

  ta->DeallocateRaw(nullptr);

  std::pair<size_t, size_t> sizes = ta->GetSizesAndUnRef();

  EXPECT_EQ(0, sizes.first);
  EXPECT_EQ(0, sizes.second);
}

}  // namespace tensorflow