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For Wikipedia's guidance on linking to sister projects, see Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects § How to link.
To go directly to the Wikipedia sister project, see www.wiktionary.org
Wiktionary (whose name is a blend of the words wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, web-based project to create a free content dictionary of all words in all languages. It is available in 158 languages and in Simple English. Like its sister project Wikipedia, Wiktionary is run by the Wikimedia Foundation, and is written collaboratively by volunteers, dubbed "Wiktionarians". Its wiki software, MediaWiki, allows almost anyone with access to the website to create and edit entries.
Screenshot of wiktionary.org home page
www.wiktionary.org
Commercial?
Multi-lingual (over 170)
Jimmy Wales and the Wikimedia community
756 (August 2015[update])[1]
Because Wiktionary is not limited by print space considerations, most of Wiktionary's language editions provide definitions and translations of words from many languages, and some editions offer additional information typically found in thesauri and lexicons. The English Wiktionary includes a Wikisaurus (thesaurus) of synonyms of various words.
Wiktionary data are frequently used in various natural language processing tasks.
1 History and development
1.1 Logos
3 Critical reception
4 Wiktionary data in natural language processing
History and developmentEdit
Wiktionary was brought online on December 12, 2002,[a] following a proposal by Daniel Alston and an idea by Larry Sanger, co-founder of Wikipedia.[b] On March 28, 2004, the first non-English Wiktionaries were initiated in French and Polish. Wiktionaries in numerous other languages have since been started. Wiktionary was hosted on a temporary domain name (wiktionary.wikipedia.org) until May 1, 2004, when it switched to the current domain name.[c] As of May 2009[ref], Wiktionary features well over 5 million entries across its 272 language editions. By August 2015, the total entry count was over 15 million.[2] The largest of the language editions is the English Wiktionary, with over 4.1 million entries, followed by the Malagasy Wiktionary with over 3.7 million entries and the French Wiktionary with over 2.7 million. Thirty six Wiktionary language editions now contain over 100,000 entries each.[d]
The use of bots to generate large numbers of articles is visible as "growth spurts" in this graph of article counts at the largest eight Wiktionary editions. (Data as of December 2009[update])
Most of the entries and many of the definitions at the project's largest language editions were created by bots that found creative ways to generate entries or (rarely) automatically imported thousands of entries from previously published dictionaries. Seven of the 18 bots registered at the English Wiktionary[e] created 163,000 of the entries there.[3]
Another of these bots, "ThirdPersBot," was responsible for the addition of a number of third-person conjugations that would not have received their own entries in standard dictionaries; for instance, it defined "smoulders" as the "third-person singular simple present form of smoulder." Of the 648,970 definitions the English Wiktionary provides for 501,171 English words, 217,850 are "form of" definitions of this kind.[4] This means its coverage of English is slightly smaller than that of major monolingual print dictionaries. The Oxford English Dictionary, for instance, has 615,000 headwords, while Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged has 475,000 entries (with many additional embedded headwords). Detailed statistics exist to show how many entries of various kinds exist.
The English Wiktionary does not rely on bots to the extent that some other editions do. The French and Vietnamese Wiktionaries, for example, imported large sections of the Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (FVDP), which provides free content bilingual dictionaries to and from Vietnamese.[f] These imported entries make up virtually all of the Vietnamese edition's contents. Almost all non-Malagasy-language entries of the Malagasy Wiktionary were copied by bot from other Wiktionaries. Like the English edition, the French Wiktionary has imported the approximately 20,000 entries from the Unihan database of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters. The French Wiktionary grew rapidly in 2006 thanks in large part to bots copying many entries from old, freely licensed dictionaries, such as the eighth edition of the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française (1935, around 35,000 words), and using bots to add words from other Wiktionary editions with French translations. The Russian edition grew by nearly 80,000 entries as "LXbot" added boilerplate entries (with headings, but without definitions) for words in English and German.[5]
LogosEdit
Wiktionary has historically lacked a uniform logo across its numerous language editions. Some editions use logos that depict a dictionary entry about the term "Wiktionary", based on the English Wiktionary logo, which was designed by Brion Vibber, a MediaWiki developer.[g] Because a purely textual logo must vary considerably from language to language, a four-phase contest to adopt a uniform logo was held at the Wikimedia Meta-Wiki from September to October 2006.[h] Some communities adopted the winning entry by "Smurrayinchester", a 3×3 grid of wooden tiles, each bearing a character from a different writing system. However, the poll did not see as much participation from the Wiktionary community as some community members had hoped, and a number of the larger wikis ultimately kept their textual logos.[h]
In April 2009, the issue was resurrected with a new contest. This time, a depiction by "AAEngelman" of an open hardbound dictionary won a head-to-head vote against the 2006 logo, but the process to refine and adopt the new logo then stalled.[i] In the following years, some wikis replaced their textual logos with one of the two newer logos. In 2012, 55 wikis that had been using the English Wiktionary logo received localized versions of the 2006 design by "Smurrayinchester".[j] As of 25 January 2013[update], 136 wikis, representing 51% of Wiktionary's entries, use the 2006 design by "Smurrayinchester", 31 wikis (48%) use a textual logo, and three wikis (2%) use the 2009 design by "AAEngelman".[k]
AccuracyEdit
To ensure accuracy, the English Wiktionary has a policy requiring that terms be attested.[6] Terms in major languages such as English and Chinese must be verified by:
clearly widespread use, or
use in permanently recorded media, conveying meaning, in at least three independent instances spanning at least a year.
For smaller languages such as Creek and extinct languages such as Latin, one use in a permanently recorded medium or one mention in a reference work is sufficient verification.
Critical receptionEdit
This section's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2013)
Critical reception of Wiktionary has been mixed. In 2006 Jill Lepore wrote in the article "Noah's Ark" for The New Yorker,[l]
There's no show of hands at Wiktionary. There's not even an editorial staff. "Be your own lexicographer!", might be Wiktionary's motto. Who needs experts? Why pay good money for a dictionary written by lexicographers when we could cobble one together ourselves?
Wiktionary isn't so much republican or democratic as Maoist. And it's only as good as the copyright-expired books from which it pilfers.
Keir Graff's review for Booklist was less critical:
Is there a place for Wiktionary? Undoubtedly. The industry and enthusiasm of its many creators are proof that there's a market. And it's wonderful to have another strong source to use when searching the odd terms that pop up in today's fast-changing world and the online environment. But as with so many Web sources (including this column), it's best used by sophisticated users in conjunction with more reputable sources.[citation needed]
References in other publications are fleeting and part of larger discussions of Wikipedia, not progressing beyond a definition, although David Brooks in The Nashua Telegraph described it as wild and woolly.[m] One of the impediments to independent coverage of Wiktionary is the continuing confusion that it is merely an extension of Wikipedia.[n] In 2005, PC Magazine rated Wiktionary as one of the Internet's "Top 101 Web Sites",[8] although little information was given about the site.
The measure of correctness of the inflections for a subset of the Polish words in the English Wiktionary showed that this grammatical data is very stable. Only 131 out of 4748 Polish words have had their inflection data corrected.[9]
Wiktionary data in natural language processingEdit
Wiktionary has semi-structured data.[10] Wiktionary lexicographic data should be converted to machine-readable format in order to be used in natural language processing tasks.[11][12][13]
Wiktionary data mining is a complex task. There are the following difficulties:[14] (1) the constant and frequent changes to data and schemata, (2) the heterogeneity in Wiktionary language edition schemata [o] and (3) the human-centric nature of a wiki.
There are several parsers for different Wiktionary language editions:[15]
DBpedia Wiktionary:[16] a subproject of DBpedia, the data are extracted from English, French, German and Russian wiktionaries; the data includes language, part of speech, definitions, semantic relations and translations. The declarative description of the page scema,[17] regular expressions[18] and finite state transducer[19] are used in order to extract information.
JWKTL (Java Wiktionary Library):[20] provides access to English Wiktionary and German Wiktionary dumps via a Java Wiktionary API.[21] The data includes language, part of speech, definitions, quotations, semantic relations, etymologies and translations. JWKTL is available for non-commercial use.
wikokit:[22] the parser of English Wiktionary and Russian Wiktionary.[23] The parsed data includes language, part of speech, definitions, quotations,[24][p] semantic relations[25] and translations. This is a multi-licensed open-source software.
Etymological entries have been parsed in the Etymological WordNet project.[26]
The various natural language processing tasks were solved with the help of Wiktionary data:[27]
Rule-based machine translation between Dutch language and Afrikaans; data of English Wiktionary, Dutch Wiktionary and Wikipedia were used with the Apertium machine translation platform.[28]
Construction of machine-readable dictionary by the parser NULEX, which integrates open linguistic resources: English Wiktionary, WordNet, and VerbNet.[29] The parser NULEX scrapes English Wiktionary for tense information (verbs), plural form and part of speech (nouns).
Speech recognition and synthesis, where Wiktionary was used to automatically create pronunciation dictionaries.[30] Word-pronunciation pairs were retrieved from 6 Wiktionary language editions (Czech, English, French, Spanish, Polish, and German). Pronunciations are in terms of the International Phonetic Alphabet.[q] The ASR system based on English Wiktionary has the highest word error rate, where each third phoneme has to be changed.[32]
Ontology engineering[33] and semantic network constructing.[r]
Ontology matching.[34]
Text simplification. Medero & Ostendorf[35] assessed vocabulary difficulty (reading level detection) with the help of Wiktionary data. Properties of words extracted from Wiktionary entries (definition length and POS, sense, and translation counts) were investigated. Medero & Ostendorf expected that (1) very common words will be more likely to have multiple parts of speech, (2) common words to be more likely to have multiple senses, (3) common words will be more likely to have been translated into multiple languages. These features extracted from Wiktionary entries were useful in distinguishing word types that appear in Simple English Wikipedia articles from words that only appear in the Standard English comparable articles.
Part-of-speech tagging. Li et al. (2012)[36] built multilingual POS-taggers for eight resource-poor languages on the basis of English Wiktionary and Hidden Markov Models.[s]
Sentiment analysis.[37]
^ Wikipedia mailing list archive discussion announcing the opening of the Wiktionary project – Retrieved May 3, 2011
^ Wikipedia mailing list archive discussion from Larry Sanger giving the idea on Wiktionary – Retrieved May 3, 2011
^ Wiktionary's current URL is www.wiktionary.org.
^ Wiktionary total article counts are here. Detailed statistics by word type are available here [1].
^ The user list at the English Wiktionary identifies accounts that have been given "bot status".
^ Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project. Details at the Vietnamese Wiktionary.
^ "Wiktionary talk:Wiktionary Logo", English Wiktionary, Wikimedia Foundation.
^ a b "Wiktionary/logo", Meta-Wiki, Wikimedia Foundation.
^ "Wiktionary/logo/refresh/voting", Meta-Wiki, Wikimedia Foundation.
^ [Translators-l] 56 Wiktionaries got a localised logo
^ m:Wiktionary/logo#Logo use statistics.
^ The full article is not available on-line.[7]
^ David Brooks, "Online, interactive encyclopedia not just for geeks anymore, because everyone seems to need it now, more than ever!" The Nashua Telegraph (August 4, 2004)
^ In this citation, the author refers to Wiktionary as part of the Wikipedia site: Adapted from an article by Naomi DeTullio (2006 (1st Quarter)). "Wikis for Librarians" (PDF). NETLS News #142. Northeast Texas Library System. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF newsletter) on 2007-06-05. Retrieved April 21, 2007. Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ E.g. compare the entry structure and formatting rules in English Wiktionary and Russian Wiktionary.
^ Quotations are extracted only from Russian Wiktionary.[24]
^ If there are several IPA notations on a Wiktionary page – either for different languages or for pronunciation variants, then the first pronunciation was extracted.[31]
^ http://conceptnet5.media.mit.edu
^ The source code and the results of POS-tagging are available at https://code.google.com/p/wikily-supervised-pos-tagger
^ "Wiktionary.org Site Info". Alexa Internet. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
^ https://www.wiktionary.org/
^ TheDaveBot, TheCheatBot, Websterbot, PastBot, NanshuBot
^ Detailed statistics as of 1 July 2013
^ LXbot დაარქივებული November 11, 2012 საიტზე Wayback Machine
^ "Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion". Wiktionary. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
^ Lepore 2006.
^ PC Mag 2005.
^ Kurmas 2010.
^ Meyer & Gurevych 2012, p. 140.
^ Zesch, Müller & Gurevych 2008, p. 4, Figure 1.
^ Meyer & Gurevych 2010, p. 40.
^ Krizhanovsky, Transformation 2010, p. 1.
^ Hellmann & Auer 2013, p. 302, p. 16 in PDF.
^ Hellmann, Brekle & Auer 2012, p. 3, Table 1.
^ DBpedia Wiktionary
^ Hellmann, Brekle & Auer 2012, pp. 8–9.
^ Hellmann, Brekle & Auer 2012, p. 10.
^ JWKTL
^ Zesch, Müller & Gurevych 2008.
^ wikokit
^ Krizhanovsky, Transformation 2010.
^ a b Smirnov 2012.
^ Krizhanovsky, Comparison 2010.
^ Etymological WordNet
^ Krizhanovsky 2012, p. 14.
^ Otte & Tyers 2011.
^ McFate & Forbus 2011.
^ Schlippe, Ochs & Schultz 2012.
^ Schlippe, Ochs & Schultz 2012, p. 4802.
^ Meyer & Gurevych 2012.
^ Lin & Krizhanovsky 2011.
^ Medero & Ostendorf 2009.
^ Li, Graça & Taskar 2012.
^ Chesley et al. 2006.
Chesley, Paula; Vincent, Bruce; Xu, Li; Srihari, Rohini K. (2006). "Using verbs and adjectives to automatically classify blog sentiment" (PDF). Training. 580: 233–235. Retrieved May 9, 2013. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Hellmann, Sebastian; Brekle, Jonas; Auer, Sören (2012). "Leveraging the Crowdsourcing of Lexical Resources for Bootstrapping a Linguistic Data Cloud" (PDF). Proc. Joint Int. Semantic Technology Conference (JIST). Nara, Japan. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Hellmann, S.; Auer, S. (2013). "Towards Web-Scale Collaborative Knowledge Extraction" (PDF). In Gurevych, Iryna; Kim, Jungi (eds.). The People's Web Meets NLP. Theory and Applications of Natural Language Processing. Springer-Verlag. pp. 287–313. ISBN 978-3-642-35084-9. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Krizhanovsky, Andrew (2010). "Transformation of Wiktionary entry structure into tables and relations in a relational database schema". arXiv:1011.1368 [cs].
Krizhanovsky, Andrew (2010). "The comparison of Wiktionary thesauri transformed into the machine-readable format". arXiv:1006.5040 [cs].
Krizhanovsky, Andrew (2012). "A quantitative analysis of the English lexicon in Wiktionaries and WordNet" (PDF). International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies (IJIIT). 8 (4): 13–22. doi:10.4018/jiit.2012100102. Retrieved May 9, 2013. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Kurmas, Zachary (July 2010). Zawilinski: a library for studying grammar in Wiktionary. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration. Gdansk, Poland. Retrieved 2011-07-29.
Li, Shen; Graça, Joao V.; Taskar, Ben (2012). "Wiki-ly supervised part-of-speech tagging" (PDF). Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning. Jeju Island, Korea: Association for Computational Linguistics. pp. 1389–1398. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Lepore, Jill (November 6, 2006). "Noah's Ark" (Abstract). The New Yorker. Retrieved April 21, 2007. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Lin, Feiyu; Krizhanovsky, Andrew (2011). "Multilingual ontology matching based on Wiktionary data accessible via SPARQL endpoint". Proc. of the 13th Russian Conference on Digital Libraries RCDL'2011. Voronezh, Russia. pp. 19–26. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
McFate, Clifton J.; Forbus, Kenneth D. (2011). "NULEX: an open-license broad coverage lexicon" (PDF). The 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Proceedings of the Conference. Portland, Oregon, USA: The Association for Computer Linguistics. pp. 363–367. ISBN 978-1-932432-88-6. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Medero, Julie; Ostendorf, Mari (2009). "Analysis of vocabulary difficulty using wiktionary" (PDF). Proc. SLaTE Workshop. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Meyer, C. M.; Gurevych, I. (2010). "Worth its Weight in Gold or Yet Another Resource - A Comparative Study of Wiktionary, OpenThesaurus and GermaNet" (PDF). Proc. 11th International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics, Iasi, Romania. pp. 38–49. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Meyer, C. M.; Gurevych, I. (2012). "OntoWiktionary – Constructing an Ontology from the Collaborative Online Dictionary Wiktionary" (PDF). In Pazienza, M. T.; Stellato, A. (eds.). Semi-Automatic Ontology Development: Processes and Resources. IGI Global. pp. 131–161. ISBN 978-1-4666-0188-8. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Otte, Pim; Tyers, F. M. (2011). "Rapid rule-based machine translation between Dutch and Afrikaans" (PDF). In Forcada, Mikel L.; Depraetere, Heidi; Vandeghinste, Vincent (eds.). 16th Annual Conference of the European Association of Machine Translation, EAMT11. Leuven, Belgium. pp. 153–160. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Schlippe, Tim; Ochs, Sebastian; Schultz, Tanja (2012). "Grapheme-to-phoneme model generation for Indo-European languages" (PDF). Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). Kyoto, Japan. pp. 4801–4804. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Smirnov A., Levashova T., Karpov A., Kipyatkova I., Ronzhin A., Krizhanovsky A., Krizhanovsky N.. Analysis of the quotation corpus of the Russian Wiktionary. Research in Computing Science. 2012 [Retrieved November 7, 2013];56:101–112.
Zesch, Torsten; Müller, Christof; Gurevych, Iryna (2008). "Extracting Lexical Semantic Knowledge from Wikipedia and Wiktionary" (PDF). Proceedings of the Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC). Marrakech, Morocco. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
"Wiktionary". Top 101 Web Sites. PC Magazine. April 6, 2005. Retrieved December 16, 2005.
List of all Wiktionary editions
Wiktionary front page
English Wiktionary
Wiktionary Android package at the F-Droid repository
Wiktionary on Google Play
Wiktionary's multilingual statistics
Wikimedia's page on Wiktionary (including list of all existing Wiktionaries)
Pages about Wiktionary in Meta.
Meta:Main Page – OmegaWiki
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary&oldid=277028"
This page was last edited 22:50, 17 October 2015 by Wikipedia user JustBerry. Based on work by Wikipedia anonymous user imported>Kslays.


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The Motley Fool Canada » Investing » Is it All Over for Tahoe Resources Inc.?
Is it All Over for Tahoe Resources Inc.?
Matt Smith | May 14, 2018 | More on: TAHO THO
The tale of woe continues for beaten-down precious metals miner Tahoe Resources Inc. (TSX:THO)(NYSE:TAHO). After being forced to cease operations at its flagship Escobal silver mine in Guatemala because of that nation's Supreme Court suspending the mine's licence in July 2017, it has been unable to recommence operations as quickly as expected. There are signs that reinstatement of the mining licence may not occur for some time. Since then, Tahoe has also had to cope with a labour dispute at its La Arena mine in Peru.
These issues compelled the miner to reissue its 2018 guidance and trim its outlook for the year. That has all weighed on Tahoe's value and caused it to plummet by almost 50% over the last year. While some investors may view this as a risky but attractive opportunity, there is every sign that Tahoe will remain under pressure for some time yet.
Because of the forced cessation of activities at the Escobal mine, Tahoe's first-quarter 2018 silver output plunged to 34,000 ounces compared to 5.7 million in the same period in 2017. The miner's gold production also dropped by 24% year over year to 91,000 ounces. This marked decline in production had a sharp impact on Tahoe's earnings. First-quarter revenue was almost half of what it had been a year earlier, while adjusted net earnings came to a US$7.2 million loss compared to a US$75 million profit for the same period in 2017.
While Tahoe was able to successfully resolve the strike at its La Arena mine, the saga concerning the suspension of the licence and hence operations at the Escobal mine continues.
Initially, Tahoe was optimistic that it would be able to recommence operations at Escobal after the Supreme Court of Guatemala ruled to reinstate the Escobal mining licence. That was prevented by an appeal from protest groups to the Guatemalan Constitutional Court, which, even after hearing appeals in October 2017, has failed to issue a ruling in accordance with the five-day period stated by local law.
There is every sign that the dispute will continue to drag on, because the Constitutional Court issued a request for additional information in March 2018. That certainly doesn't accord with the positive spin put on the situation by Tahoe's management.
Because of the polemical nature of the mine and significant discord regarding its operations, and Tahoe's actions surrounding the mine it is difficult to see the dispute being resolved any time soon.
The current political climate in Guatemala also doesn't point to a speedy resolution. Claims of endemic corruption and cronyism surrounding President Jimmy Morales coupled with rising nationalist sentiment could very well delay the Constitutional Court's decision-making process.
The current situation regarding the Escobal mine will weigh on Tahoe's outlook and operational performance for the foreseeable future. This is despite moves by the company to reduce its dependence on the mine as its primary source of revenue, along with claims that it will restart operations soon. For these reasons, Tahoe is an unappealing investment, and it is unlikely that the company will be capable of recovering the shutdown at Escobal for the foreseeable future. The situation highlights the risks for miners operating in developing nations, which lack a transparent regulatory environment and an equitable legal system.
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Confidential Evaluation of Your James Peale
James Peale
Still Life: Balsam Apple and Vegetables, ca. 1820s
James Peale (1749 – 1831)
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He was raised in Annapolis and was the younger brother of Charles Willson Peale, painter, naturalist, and museum curator. Trained as a cabinetmaker, he studied watercolor and oil painting with his brother. During the American Revolution, he served in the Army in the Maryland Regiment and did two full-length portraits of George Washington at Yorktown. He settled in Philadelphia where in 1782 he began his painting career and assisted in the Peale natural science museum.
He first exhibited his still lifes at the Peale Museum in Baltimore, and they quickly became popular with the buying public. He was a regular exhibitor at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. His compositions were generally of two types: formal compositions around a porcelain container and more natural arrangements of fruit.
He married the daughter of artist James Claypoole, and their artist children included artists Sarah Miriam and Margaretta Angelica.


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sabes, hace poco me recomendaron un intermediario de criptomonedas llamado forexchief, sabes de otro meta trader 4/5 con reputación?


Been awhile since I visited The Nail Status because I have been letting my nails breathe and get tougher!! So happy to be back there because my manicurists are one of my favorite people to hang out with!
We have also got Rachell and Peishi on the bloggers team and it was bloggers unite at our session late last week. It was havoc when you see 5 bloggers in a shop!
I was wearing one of Hollyhoque's newer dresses!! Weave like Merry Dress in white must be of my favorite dress now! The dress is also available in black, cyan and poppy pink!!
After nails, piled into the twins' car and off we went for lunch. Jayley had to be at Suntec City for an appointment and so we went to Old Airport Road for lunch. It was then that I know that there are people who haven't heard of Old Airport Road because Peishi has never been there!!
Fried Kway Tiao, Cutterfish Kangkong, Hokkien Mee, Fried Carrot Cake, Rojak and Soon kueh!!
We ordered a lot of food because we wanted some of everything and we were hungry. And with me around, I tend to over order as always. hahaha! But I think we did well because we wiped out the plates!
Happy girls with so much food!!
Before I end the post, pictures of my new nails!!! I didn't think of any design this visit. Thankful for Christine who already had in mind what she wanted to do for me. She has done a similar one in white base for a blog reader and she insisted I try a black base because I have had too much white, pink and purple nails.
A lot of work was needed for this set. Firstly, Christine would paint on the base gelish which is black. Because the base is black, she has the draw the hearts in white before she can paint on each neon color!


Great design and unusual material meet in the Timothy. The door fronts are angled inward to give the piece a sense of depth, then wrapped in blanched goat-hide parchment which imparts texture. The custom-designed bronze pulls and the bronze edges, which surround the doors, complete the sense of high style and luxury.


text:
<?php

namespace Nur\Console\Commands\Migrations;

use Nur\Console\Command;
use Phpmig\Adapter\AdapterInterface;
use Phpmig\Migration\Migration;
use Phpmig\Migration\Migrator;
use Symfony\Component\Config\FileLocator;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;

abstract class AbstractCommand extends Command
{
    /**
     * @var \ArrayAccess
     */
    protected $container = null;

    /**
     * @var AdapterInterface
     */
    protected $adapter = null;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    protected $bootstrap = null;

    /**
     * @var array
     */
    protected $migrations = [];

    /**
     * Get bootstrap
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getBootstrap()
    {
        return $this->bootstrap;
    }

    /**
     * Set bootstrap
     *
     * @return AbstractCommand
     * @var string
     */
    public function setBootstrap($bootstrap)
    {
        $this->bootstrap = $bootstrap;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get migrations
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getMigrations()
    {
        return $this->migrations;
    }

    /**
     * Set migrations
     *
     * @param array $migrations
     *
     * @return AbstractCommand
     */
    public function setMigrations(array $migrations)
    {
        $this->migrations = $migrations;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get container
     *
     * @return \ArrayAccess
     */
    public function getContainer()
    {
        return $this->container;
    }

    /**
     * Set container
     *
     * @return AbstractCommand
     * @var \ArrayAccess
     */
    public function setContainer(\ArrayAccess $container)
    {
        $this->container = $container;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get Adapter
     *
     * @return AdapterInterface
     */
    public function getAdapter()
    {
        return $this->adapter;
    }

    /**
     * Set adapter
     *
     * @param AdapterInterface $adapter
     *
     * @return AbstractCommand
     */
    public function setAdapter(AdapterInterface $adapter)
    {
        $this->adapter = $adapter;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function configure()
    {
        $this->addOption('--set', '-s', InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'The phpmig.sets key');
        $this->addOption('--bootstrap', '-b', InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'The bootstrap file to load');
    }

    /**
     * Bootstrap phpmig
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function bootstrap(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output)
    {
        $this->setBootstrap($this->findBootstrapFile($input->getOption('bootstrap')));

        $container = $this->bootstrapContainer();
        $this->setContainer($container);
        $this->setAdapter($this->bootstrapAdapter($input));

        $this->setMigrations($this->bootstrapMigrations($input, $output));

        $container['phpmig.migrator'] = $this->bootstrapMigrator($output);
    }

    /**
     * @param string $filename
     *
     * @return array|string
     */
    protected function findBootstrapFile($filename)
    {
        if ($filename === null) {
            $filename = base_path('/vendor/izniburak/nur-core/src/Database/Migration/MigrationRegister.php');
        }

        $locator = new FileLocator([
            config_path(),
            base_path(),
        ]);

        return $locator->locate($filename);
    }

    /**
     * @return \ArrayAccess The container
     * @throws \RuntimeException
     */
    protected function bootstrapContainer()
    {
        $bootstrapFile = $this->getBootstrap();

        $func = function () use ($bootstrapFile) {
            return require $bootstrapFile;
        };

        $container = $func();

        if (!($container instanceof \ArrayAccess)) {
            throw new \RuntimeException($bootstrapFile . " must return object of type \ArrayAccess");
        }

        return $container;
    }

    /**
     * @param InputInterface $input
     *
     * @return AdapterInterface
     * @throws \RuntimeException
     */
    protected function bootstrapAdapter(InputInterface $input)
    {
        $container = $this->getContainer();

        $validAdapter = isset($container['phpmig.adapter']);
        $validSets = !isset($container['phpmig.sets']) || is_array($container['phpmig.sets']);

        if (!$validAdapter && !$validSets) {
            throw new \RuntimeException(
                $this->getBootstrap()
                . 'must return container with phpmig.adapter or phpmig.sets'
            );
        }

        if (isset($container['phpmig.sets'])) {
            $set = $input->getOption('set');
            if (!isset($container['phpmig.sets'][$set]['adapter'])) {
                throw new \RuntimeException(
                    $set . ' is undefined keys or adapter at phpmig.sets'
                );
            }
            $adapter = $container['phpmig.sets'][$set]['adapter'];
        }
        if (isset($container['phpmig.adapter'])) {
            $adapter = $container['phpmig.adapter'];
        }

        if (!($adapter instanceof AdapterInterface)) {
            throw new \RuntimeException("phpmig.adapter or phpmig.sets must be an instance of \\Phpmig\\Adapter\\AdapterInterface");
        }

        if (!$adapter->hasSchema()) {
            $adapter->createSchema();
        }

        return $adapter;
    }

    /**
     * @param InputInterface  $input
     * @param OutputInterface $output
     *
     * @return array
     * @throws \RuntimeException
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    protected function bootstrapMigrations(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output)
    {
        $container = $this->getContainer();
        $set = $input->getOption('set');

        if (!isset($container['phpmig.migrations']) && !isset($container['phpmig.migrations_path']) && !isset($container['phpmig.sets'][$set]['migrations_path'])) {
            throw new \RuntimeException($this->getBootstrap() . ' must return container with array at phpmig.migrations or migrations default path at phpmig.migrations_path or migrations default path at phpmig.sets');
        }

        $migrations = [];
        if (isset($container['phpmig.migrations'])) {
            if (!is_array($container['phpmig.migrations'])) {
                throw new \RuntimeException($this->getBootstrap() . ' phpmig.migrations must be an array.');
            }

            $migrations = $container['phpmig.migrations'];
        }
        if (isset($container['phpmig.migrations_path'])) {
            if (!is_dir($container['phpmig.migrations_path'])) {
                throw new \RuntimeException($this->getBootstrap() . ' phpmig.migrations_path must be a directory.');
            }

            $migrationsPath = realpath($container['phpmig.migrations_path']);
            $migrations = array_merge($migrations, glob($migrationsPath . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . '*.php'));
        }
        if (isset($container['phpmig.sets']) && isset($container['phpmig.sets'][$set]['migrations_path'])) {
            if (!is_dir($container['phpmig.sets'][$set]['migrations_path'])) {
                throw new \RuntimeException($this->getBootstrap() . " ['phpmig.sets']['" . $set . "']['migrations_path'] must be a directory.");
            }

            $migrationsPath = realpath($container['phpmig.sets'][$set]['migrations_path']);
            $migrations = array_merge($migrations, glob($migrationsPath . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . '*.php'));
        }
        $migrations = array_unique($migrations);

        $versions = [];
        $names = [];
        foreach ($migrations as $path) {
            if (!preg_match('/^[0-9]+/', basename($path), $matches)) {
                throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('The file "%s" does not have a valid migration filename',
                    $path));
            }

            $version = $matches[0];
            if (isset($versions[$version])) {
                throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('Duplicate migration, "%s" has the same version as "%s"',
                    $path, $versions[$version]->getName()));
            }

            $migrationName = preg_replace('/^[0-9]+_/', '', basename($path));
            if (false !== strpos($migrationName, '.')) {
                $migrationName = substr($migrationName, 0, strpos($migrationName, '.'));
            }
            $class = $this->migrationToClassName($migrationName);

            if ($this instanceof GenerateCommand
                && $class == $this->migrationToClassName($input->getArgument('name'))) {
                throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf(
                    'Migration Class "%s" already exists',
                    $class
                ));
            }

            if (isset($names[$class])) {
                throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf(
                    'Migration "%s" has the same name as "%s"',
                    $path,
                    $names[$class]
                ));
            }
            $names[$class] = $path;

            require_once $path;
            if (!class_exists($class)) {
                throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf(
                    'Could not find class "%s" in file "%s"',
                    $class,
                    $path
                ));
            }

            $migration = new $class($version);

            if (!($migration instanceof Migration)) {
                throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf(
                    'The class "%s" in file "%s" must extend \Phpmig\Migration\Migration',
                    $class,
                    $path
                ));
            }

            $migration->setOutput($output); // inject output

            $versions[$version] = $migration;
        }

        if (isset($container['phpmig.sets']) && isset($container['phpmig.sets'][$set]['connection'])) {
            $container['phpmig.connection'] = $container['phpmig.sets'][$set]['connection'];
        }

        ksort($versions);

        return $versions;
    }

    /**
     * @param OutputInterface $output
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function bootstrapMigrator(OutputInterface $output)
    {
        return new Migrator($this->getAdapter(), $this->getContainer(), $output);
    }

    /**
     * transform create_table_user to CreateTableUser
     *
     * @param $migrationName
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function migrationToClassName($migrationName)
    {
        $class = str_replace('_', ' ', $migrationName);
        $class = ucwords($class);
        $class = str_replace(' ', '', $class);

        if (!$this->isValidClassName($class)) {
            throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf(
                'Migration class "%s" is invalid',
                $class
            ));
        }

        return $class;
    }

    /**
     * @param $className
     *
     * @return bool
     * @see http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.basic.php#language.oop5.basic.class
     */
    private function isValidClassName($className)
    {
        return preg_match('/^[a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*$/', $className) === 1;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What do I do When I'm a Creditor in a Bankruptcy? | Giddens & Gatton Law, P.C.
What do I do When I'm a Creditor in a Bankruptcy?
On behalf of Giddens & Gatton Law, PC posted in Creditor's Rights on Monday, September 28, 2015.
Creditor's rights are the laws to protect the entitlement of creditors/lenders to collect the money they are rightfully owed.
Put a lien on a debtor's property or effect a forced sale of the property and seize it.
Effect a garnishment of the debtor's wages to recover the amount of the debt.
Seize assets acquired by the debtor including filing lawsuits (against individuals and/or businesses).
The ultimate success or failure of collection efforts almost always depends on the quality of the written agreement between the creditor/lender and the debtor.
At the first hint of financial distress in your debtor/borrower you should have legal counsel review your documents to ensure that your interests are properly protected. After a bankruptcy is filed, it is usually too late to fix your documentation.
A measured review and comprehensive discussion with legal counsel will determine if the creditor should devote the time, effort, and financial resources trying to recover in a bankruptcy case.
When you receive a notice of bankruptcy relating to one of your customers, prompt action is critical as bankruptcy timelines are very brief and deadlines are strictly enforced.
The creditor's attorney will first determine all deadlines that are applicable to the case to ensure that all creditor's legal actions are undertaken by due dates. Deadlines will vary between the types of bankruptcy and will include a Proof of Claim deadline; plan exclusivity period expiration date, if applicable; deadlines for filing objections to discharge; deadlines to object to exemptions; and many more.
On a timely basis, the creditor's attorney will consult with the client regarding the current status of the case, as well as keep the client abreast of tactical opportunities and options as they become available.
For example, the bankruptcy may be dismissed due to the debtor's failure to comply with Code requirements, in which case creditors are free to pursue collection of their loan. A case may also change in classification, such as from a "no asset" case to an "asset" case if assets are uncovered from which a debt can be paid.
Once the creditor decides that there is enough at stake to pursue collection of the debt in the bankruptcy case, the key to success is in being proactive---there are plenty of tools available for the well-documented creditor to recover much of what is owed to them.


text:
"Everyday Use" is a short story by Alice Walker. It was first published in the April 1973 issue of Harper's Magazine and is part of Walker's short story collection In Love and Trouble. It  has since become widely studied and frequently anthologized.

Plot

Characters
 Dee: She is an educated African-American woman and the eldest daughter of Mrs Johnson. She seeks to embrace her cultural identity through changing her name from Dee to Wangero Leewanikhi a Kemanjo (an African name), marrying a Muslim man, and acquiring artifacts from Mama's house to put on display, an approach that puts her at odds with Mama and Maggie.  She is physically beautiful and is described as having a great sense of style.

 Mrs Johnson: She is described as a "large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands."  She enjoys her lifestyle (especially milking cows) and did not receive an education past second grade. She is against Dee's way of living, but says nothing about it in order to respect her and stay civil.
Maggie : Mrs Johnson describes her as dull and much more brittle and quiet compared to her older sister. She is Mama's youngest daughter, who has burn scars and marks from the burning down of their prior home and she is very nervous and self-conscious because of it. She leads a simple and traditional life with her mother in the South while her elder sister, Dee, is away at school.  She has very limited reading ability, unlike her sister Dee.
 Hakim-a-barber: Dee's partner who is referred to as "Asalamalakim", a Muslim greeting, throughout the story because he is Muslim. Eventually, he tells Mama to call him "Hakim-a-barber" due to Mama being unable to pronounce his real name. According to Helga Hoel, "The mother in the story, Mrs. Johnson, at first thinks this is his name, that he introduces himself, and some confusion arises until he tells her that she can call him Hakim-a-Barber."

Themes
One of the primary themes that the story revolves around is the idea of a person's relationship with their heritage. In the story, Dee's mother remained close to family traditions, while Dee herself chose to search more deeply into her African roots. Dee has a different mindset; she does not have the same ideals as Mama and Maggie, particularly in regard to cultural preservation and the best way to go about it. Dee (Wangero) only wants the family heirlooms to display in her home for their "artistic value", whereas Maggie and her mother cherish these items because they "remind them of their loved ones." In Mama's mind, Maggie learning to make her own quilt and putting it to everyday use is preserving the culture, which is how Mama believes the quilt should be used. Even if the quilts "end up in rags," more quilts can simply be made because Maggie was taught how to make them.  On the other hand, Dee believes the proper way to preserve her culture is to display the quilt in her home and preserve the quilt itself rather than continuing to live out their culture as Mama and Maggie do. Another theme in this short story is the divisive power of education throughout the story. In the story education is not really talked about and is completely separated from the entire family (Sparknotes).

Point of view
The story is told in first-person as it unfolds through the eyes and opinions of Mama.  As Maggie and Mama wait for Dee to arrive for a visit, Mama's mind wanders with various thoughts and memories of Dee, giving the audience an impartial view of Dee as being self-centered and uncaring. Due to the fact that readers are getting only one viewpoint, it is uncertain if Dee truly does exhibit these characteristics or if it is only Mama's opinion of the eldest daughter that is being forced upon us. It is thought by some that Mama does not judge her children, Dee and Maggie, accurately due to Mama's own insecurities. This is evidenced during Mama's daydream of Dee and herself on an imaginary popular talk show under the context of children who have "made it". Mama notes being overweight and rough around the edges and eludes to the fact that Dee is ashamed of Mama's appearance.  As Mama continues to narrate the story, the audience continues to get a sense of Dee's snobbish personality, along with moments of doubt as readers see glimpses of Mama's own shortcomings.  As the story concludes, the audience is left with the vision of Mama and Maggie remaining alone on the front lawn basking in the simplicity of each other and the straightforward life that has been built.

Interpretations
In the essay "'Everyday Use' and the Black Power Movement" by Barbara T. Christian, the story is discussed in reference to slavery and the black power movement. The characters in the story focus a lot on African culture and heritage. Traditional African clothing is described throughout the story, and this is a symbol of the family's heritage. The mentioning of changing names relates back to slavery as well; the characters were trying to forget about their slave names, and think of more traditional names to remember their culture and assert their African roots." Christian brings to light the difference in attitudes and perspectives about a shared culture. Christian points out that to Maggie and her mother, honoring their culture meant honoring the personal past of their family, by carrying on their names or putting the quilt to use, while to Dee, that meant honoring aesthetic and ancient traditions, such as traditional African names or hanging the quilt to be seen but not utilized. It is this very realization that leads to their mother choosing to give Maggie the quilts.

On the other hand, in the essay "'Everyday Use' as a Portrait of the Artist" by Mary Helen Washington, the story is looked at from a more artistic and cultural perspective. The essay describes Dee as an artist who "returns home...in order to collect the material," which indicates that Dee comes home for a deeper understanding of her African culture. Although she changes her name from Dee to a more Native African name and wears African clothing, she lacks real knowledge of her culture. Because of this, Mama chooses Maggie over Dee to take the quilts, because Maggie shows more appreciation and knowledge of their culture and as she said in the story was involved in the making of those quilts whereas Dee had no part in.

In the essay "Stylish vs. Sacred in "Everyday Use" written by Houston A. Baker and Charlotte Pierce-Baker Dee or Wangero is called a "goddess". After highlighting a few passages from the story, it is mentioned that Dee/ Wangero has joined the black nationalists of the 1960s and 1970s and she shows it by changing both her name and her style. The essay doesn't see Dee/ Wangero as an activist of that cause but as someone being "manipulated by the style-makers" as illustrated by the scene in which she described the quilt, for which she passionately fought for later in the story, as "old-fashioned and out of style". Dee's new name "Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo" is misspelt, showing the reader that she doesn't know much about African culture.

Symbolism

One symbol found in this short story is the quilt. The quilt itself is a very sentimental piece that holds great meaning and history behind it. It includes clothes that Dee's great grandmother used to wear as well as pieces of uniforms that Dee's great grandfather wore during the Civil War. However, it also symbolizes value in Negro-American experience. The quilt additionally adds to the idea of creative activities women came up with to pass down history from generation to generation as a part of their heritage. Dee seems to take the most pride in making these quilts, she views it as her way of giving back to society. Hakim-a-barber and Wangero represented the black power movement by their styles, greets, and outfits.

Another symbol found in "Everyday Use" is the yard. The yard plays an important role in the story and is described as "an extended living room". Mama and Maggie have both tidied up the yard in preparation of Dee's visit, and sit out in the yard for hours, even after Dee's departure. The yard seems to be a place to think for Mama, where she can imagine herself being someone more conventionally attractive than she actually is, but also remember just how much she has done for her family.

Quilting
In the African-American community, women have engaged in the tradition of quilting since they were brought to America as slaves. Quilting requires sewing pieces of cloth together to create a coverlet that functions as both a piece of art and a household item. African-American women, often regarded as voiceless 'mule(s) of the world', inherited such creative legacies from maternal ancestors and their quilts have come to represent black heritage. The voices of African-American women have been stitched into their quilts, providing an account of their cultural past. As Sam Whitsitt observes, the quilt reflects the experiences of African-American women: the quilt is a symbol reflective of 'herstory, history, and tradition'. The self-expression involved in quilt-making allowed women to take control of their lives through the only medium society permitted them to use. The communal nature of quilting strengthened the bonds of sisterhood and helped to move marginalized women from enslavement to empowerment. Quilting allowed these women to assert control over the colonial practice of slavery as enforced by white hegemony. Historically, products such as cotton and indigo dye were acquired as a result of black oppression. By sewing cotton into their quilts, African-American slaves formed a bond with nature, which replaced the hegemonic relationship enforced by slavery.

Black slaves often attended communal Quilting Bees, which offered these oppressed women the opportunity to create social bonds unsupervised. Thus, quilting became a symbol of sisterly solidarity for African-American slaves. Additionally, quilting functioned as a response to cultural and political change, allowing opportunity for political debate. Black women used quilting as a source of activism: their quilts often depicted anti-slavery slogans. However, quilting also came to represent the hegemony of patriarchal society. Women were often forced to learn to quilt, which became a substitute for the more 'masculine' activity of reading and writing.

Jennifer Martin explains in her article "The Quilt Threads Together Sisterhood, Empowerment, and Nature in Alice Walker's The Color Purple and Everyday Use", "When women participate in the tradition of quilting this trinity of strength provides a positive channel for them to mend together the pieces of their lives and to move from fragmentation to fusion... Martin emphasize the quilt provides a bond between the sisters and females because in the African American community often times women are oppressed.Quilting is not an end-point where women achieve elusive wholeness, but a way to meld together parts of their lives and achieve power from the joining of all the components that make them unique." This also explains why Mama and Maggie are so fond of their heritage and continuing to live it out, unlike Dee. They see it as a way to feel connected to one another, as well as to their ancestors, and as a way to mend their pasts and move on from them. By showing their culture and living it still, they are able to show how despite everything that may have happened to them they never lost who they really were. Quilting symbolizes this movement for them and this feeling of wholeness.

Quilting features in "Everyday Use" as a symbol of black heritage. Mama Johnson's quilts symbolize cross-generational female bonding: they were sewn together by Grandma Dee, passed down to and then quilted by Mama and her sister, Big Dee. One quilt even features a piece of the uniform worn by their Great Grandpa Ezra during the Civil War. These quilts represent the creativity of the sisterhood that created them; however, Mama's daughters, Maggie and Dee, view them very differently. Dee visits her family, intending to collect the artifacts of her family's past; she wants to display them in her home with museum-like accuracy. As David Cowart notes, 'The visitor [Dee] rightly recognizes the quilts as part of a fragile heritage, but she fails to see the extent to which she herself has traduced that heritage.' The story's climax, which sees Mama give the quilts to Maggie, rather than Dee, is viewed as representative of the quilts' functionality. Dee views the quilts as worthy of museum display ("Maggie can't appreciate these quilts!...She'd probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use."), whilst Maggie treats them as household items ("I been saving 'em for long enough with nobody using 'em. I hope [ Maggie puts them to 'everyday use']!"). Both Mama and Maggie recognize that the quilt is meant for 'everyday use', as practiced by their ancestors.

Reception
In critical readings the largest trend around the story has been to criticize Dee and the way she goes about reasserting her personal culture. Matthew Mullins argues in his essay, "Antagonized by the Text, Or, It Takes Two to Read Alice Walker's 'Everyday Use' however, that this perspective isn't necessarily fair. In reading and teaching the text, he found the character Dee was universally a disliked character, saying that in an epiphany he found in his defense of Dee rather a pitying attitude and concluding that "it was impossible to see how anyone could truly 'like' Dee". This, however, he goes on to point out as not being a direct result of Dee's actions alone, but rather the framing of her actions in the story.  He argues that the text itself is what antagonizes the reader to grow this dislike of Dee: "The first-person narrative voice, the fact that Mrs. Johnson [Mama] is both narrator and character, has an immediate and forceful effect upon our perception of Dee." Mullins backs this up by quoting another scholar, Wayne Booth, who said in his work The Rhetoric of Fiction, "No narrator...  is simply convincing: he is convincingly decent or mean, brilliant or stupid, informed, intelligent, or muddled.... we usually find our emotional and intellectual reactions to him as a character affects our reactions to the events he relates." Mullins points out that if Dee herself, or even Maggie, were the narrators of the story, we would come away with a completely different perspective on probably all of the characters. "The text actively prevents us from identifying with Dee," and this perspective has shaped the scholarly resources on this text since it came out.

Joe Sarnowski, in his article "Destroying to Save: Idealism and Pragmatism in Alice Walker's 'Everyday Use'", also points out this discrepancy but taking it one step further, arguing that even though it would be naïve to claim Dee doesn't have faults, she, "more than any other character in the story, identifies and pursues corrective measures against the oppression of African-American society and culture."  Her fault, Sarnowski says, is in not realizing how idealism and pragmatism are""intertwined" and how "privileging one undermines both".

In "Quilt as a Metaphor in 'Everyday Use'" by Elaine Showalter, Mama explains that because Maggie can recreate the quilts made by her mother and grandmother, that she is the one that understands the culture and will keep it alive.

References

Bibliography
 Walker, Alice: "Everyday Use," The Story and Its Writer. Ed. Anna Charters. Compact 8th ed. Boston: Bedfor/St. Martin's, 2011: 852–858. Print.
 Whitsitt, Sam: "In Spite of It All: A Reading of Alice Walker's 'Everyday Use,'" African American Review 34.3 (2000): 443. Web. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
 "Everyday Use": Sparknotes.com. n.d. Web. Retrieved October 24, 2011.

1973 short stories
American short stories
African-American short stories
Southern United States in fiction
Works by Alice Walker

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
<?php

namespace Benmag\Rancher\Factories\Entity;

class Host extends AbstractEntity
{

    /**
     * The unique identifier for the host
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public $id;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    public $name;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    public $description;

    /**
     * The given hostname for the host.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public $hostname;

    /**
     * Account environment belongs to
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public $accountId;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    public $state;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    public $agentState;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    public $agentIpAddress;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    public $transitioning;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    public $transitioningMessage;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    public $transitioningProgress;

    /**
     * Information about the host
     *
     * @var array
     */
    public $info;

    /**
     * Publicly available endpoints for the host
     *
     * @var array
     */
    public $publicEndpoints;

    /**
     * List of instances on host
     *
     * @var array
     */
    public $instanceIds;

    /**
     * The labels on a host.
     *
     * @var string[]
     */
    public $labels;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    public $engineInstallUrl = "https://releases.rancher.com/install-docker/1.12.sh";

    /**
     * Configuration for launching a host on hosting provider
     *
     * @var mixed
     */
    public $driver,
        $amazonec2Config,
        $digitaloceanConfig,
        $exoscaleConfig,
        $googleConfig,
        $hypervConfig,
        $openstackConfig,
        $packetConfig,
        $rackspaceConfig,
        $softlayerConfig,
        $ubiquityConfig,
        $vultrConfig,
        $virtualboxConfig,
        $vmwarefusionConfig,
        $vmwarevcloudairConfig,
        $vmwarevsphereConfig;

}


text:
AT&T Network 3.0 Indigo Lays Path For 5G, Future of Networking
Posted on February 1, 2017 1:13pm by Joan Engebretson
5GAT&TCarrier EvolutionLTEMobileOTTSDNSpectrumWireless
Home » AT&T Network 3.0 Indigo Lays Path For 5G, Future of Networking
AT&T announced several big moves involving 5G wireless today, including plans for deployments in Austin and Indianapolis and a new platform dubbed Network 3.0 Indigo that will use software defined networking (SDN) and will underlie AT&T 5G networks.
Austin also will house two new 5G testbeds that AT&T expects to have operational in early spring. Among other things, the testbeds will support trials in Austin using fixed wireless 5G to stream AT&T's DIRECTV NOW OTT video offering, along with "enhanced broadband services for residential and small-to-medium business customers."
The Austin and Indianapolis 5G markets will be launched "in the coming months" and will support "theoretical" peak speeds of 400 Mbps or higher with compatible devices, AT&T said today. The company noted that it plans to continue densifying its network and deploying technologies such as carrier aggregation and LTE license assisted access (LAA), which will enable theoretical peak speeds up to 1 Gbps in 2017.
AT&T Network 3.0 Indigo
Faster speeds are not the only goal of 5G, however, and that's where Network 3.0 Indigo will come in, AT&T said.
"People won't ask how fast their connection is," the company observes in today's press release. "They'll ask 'Can I livestream a virtual reality broadcast of my trip to the beach?' or 'Can my bank securely authenticate a purchase I want to make when I'm traveling?'"
According to the company, 5G will help enable applications such as those, but such applications also will require Big Data, artificial intelligence/ machine learning, cybersecurity and SDN.
"All of that is Indigo," AT&T said.
John Donovan, AT&T chief strategy officer and group president of technology and operations, described Indigo as the "third generation of modern networking."
The term, he said, defines a world in which "it isn't just your connection speeds that are accelerating, but every element of the network becomes more seamless, efficient and capable."
He also likened Indigo to a smartphone's operating system, but for the network.
Andre Fuetsch, president of AT&T Labs and chief technology officer, noted that Indigo will be "data powered and software controlled."
Indigo will require "a unique level of collaboration with software developers and other third parties," he said. As a result, AT&T expects the open source community to play an important role. Previously the carrier said it planned to make its ECOMP orchestration platform for SDN available to the open source community and today's actions also included officially announcing that ECOMP will be part of an open source project hosted by the Linux Foundation.
AT&T's Austin 5G testbeds also aim to further collaboration with potential vendors. The company said testbed participants will work on 5G technology concepts for both fixed and mobile 5G, test network infrastructure and devices and explore 5G signal coverage for the 28 GHz, 39 GHz and sub-6GHz frequency bands. The testbeds will support indoor and outdoor testing and will feature "flexible infrastructure to allow modifications and updates as 5G standards develop," AT&T said.
Also part of AT&T's big news today: The company said its network virtualization goal for year-end 2017 is 55%. The company said it already has converted 34% of its network functionality to SDN and is on its way to 75% by 2020.
Image courtesy of flickr user Mike Mozart.


For example, let's say that your aunt told you that she takes a vitamin C supplement every day. How to write a newspaper report for kids wedding table assignments template essay about death in family apa style term paper examples. Business development plan format buy cheap term papers pens that can write on black paper tools for creative writing ideas essay writing structure template marriage problem solving worksheets research paper on talent management system on assignment company teach critical thinking to kids the great gatsby essays free teaching creative writing jobs chicago, steps for solving word problems cubes solve programming problems the text structure of an essay is the answer tools for creative writing ideas essay about computer in hindi apa chapters of a dissertation flp business plan in telugu. The best employees not only know how to solve existing problems—they also know how to come up with solutions to problems no one ever imagined. Dissertation custom writing helpDissertation custom writing help hot dog restaurant business plan ap us history essays college board. Part of critical thinking is demonstrating humility, and many people in this case, your aunt have trouble doing this.
The above definition includes so many words because critical thinking requires you to apply diverse intellectual tools to diverse information. Why did your aunt decide to take vitamin C rather than vitamin D, or any other vitamin? This is essential to and having an intelligent discussion with your professors or classmates. Take, for example, a study showing the health benefits of a sugary cereal. Maybe she was already developing a cold and that particular day it just happened to manifest itself. Woolever, About Writing: A Rhetoric for Advanced Writers. As a result, you looked up articles on the relationship between vitamin C and cold prevention.
However, there could be many other variables involved that have nothing to do with vitamin C. Voice of America and the University of Oregon are partners on this project. After your investigative reporting, you decide to show your aunt that her beliefs on vitamin C are erroneous by presenting the results of your research. If you use critical thinking, you will be able to make better decisions and be less gullible. Companies that write business plans for youCompanies that write business plans for you 1000 creative writing prompts pdf topics of research paper for mba ebb how to do business development planner. However, a big part of science is testing ideas and finding out that some ideas were not right. Once you get out into the real world, critical thinking matters even more.
One exercise that has been shown to be effective is argument mapping, in which arguments including claims, warrants, evidence, etc. When people expect to see a thing in a certain way, it usually appears that way, whether or not that is its true image. Creative writing course manchester nhCreative writing course manchester nh home work jobs uk. However, many claim that it must be organically developed, or it is a skill that can be encouraged but not learned. Critical thinking takes this concept even further. Sample of outline for research paper in mla formatSample of outline for research paper in mla format 2nd grade spelling homework business plans templates south africa chegg homework free trial sample business plan titles apps for homework answers dissertation ideas about elective c-sections good essay editors free, passion for business essays.
It seemed like something that my teachers just expected us to pick up in the course of our studies. Using Critical Thinking Skills Many people decide to make changes in their daily lives based on anecdotes, or stories from one person's experience. What matters is that you recognize these lapses and try to avoid them in the future. Unpublished doctoral dissertations business plan for a brand new business business plan template examples free persuasive essay conclusion sample an example of a business plan for a new business cards who writes excess flood coverage. Pet care business plans commercial beekeeping business plan, example investment company business plan assigning formal charges how to write a theory paper unlv creative writing minor mind map business plan introduction of research paper in apa format how to begin the first paragraph of an essay solve my problem regarding mental condition, free narrative essays business continuity plan checklist templates how not to plagiarize in a research paper template.
When I was in 7th grade, my U. Moore claims that the variety of meanings may be discipline-based, meaning that psychology prefers certain aspects of critical thinking more so than history, which prefers others. Developing our critical thinking skills, therefore, requires an understanding of the ways in which words can and often fail to express our thoughts. Essay writing tips example of essay writing solving trig problems using identities the great gatsby essays free example of dissertation literature review. I believe the answer to these questions can be framed through the arguments of those who are critical of critical thinking. And even in important matters, you will experience lapses in your reasoning. It begins with vocabulary, one of the building blocks of language.
In just one hour, you'll learn how to set up your to-do list, calendar, note-taking system, file management, and more — the smart way. Human resources department business planHuman resources department business plan inorganic chemistry research papers community service college essay. Sample argumentative essay on abortion technical research paper format paper argumentative essay topics on media, how to write a roofing business plan descriptive essay on a place nursing admission essay samples how to solve binding energy problems business plan for courier service company. Voice of America and the University of Oregon are partners on this project. There is poor empirical basis for the organization of the hierarchy and its implications for task sequencing. I hope this post has given you some ideas about how you can think more critically in your own life. However, critical analysis is an expected activity in most English-speaking universities: lecturers expect students to question even published material.
The process of problem solving example introduction for research proposal china essay competition essay about marijuana legalization definition of term in a research paper, school assignment locator greensboro nc creative writing workshops for kids the homework machine by dan gutman worksheets. Vision and mission statements of a business plan how to publish your research paper paradise lost essay outlines answers to math problem solving small scale gold mine business plan student retention dissertation essay on drug abuse and youth exit interview research paper sample one year business plan assign letter drive. Often the struggle of writing, linked as it is to the struggle of thinking and to the growth of a person's intellectual powers, awakens students to the real nature of learning. This is what critical thinking is. It seems that critical thinking is not readily reducible. Summary The focus of this lesson is teaching analytical thinking skills. Can Critical Thinking Be Taught? For starters, we don't know where the idea for vitamin C stopping illness even came from.
Then, get groups talking together to discuss their choices. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education, 2 3 , 306-317. As a writer, you have a responsibility to go beyond the expected views and present your subject so that the reader sees it with fresh eyes. Social Education, 77 4 , 196-200. The relationship seems to be straightforward: thought is expressed in and through language. Why does hearing the cry above make people cringe? In college and in life, however, the answers to most meaningful questions are rarely straightforward.
Once familiar with argument mapping, they can then begin to construct their own based on analyzing textual sources readings or lectures or for forming their own logical conclusions for discussions, debates, and presentations. Is the problem a fact? And we all use words not merely to express our thoughts but also to shape them. Many people hearing this story would just accept this and think, 'To avoid getting sick I should take vitamin C. Nevertheless, while the idea of critical thinking may be expressed in various ways, Moore found that these are typically well-articulated and clearly conveyed to students. When you evaluate information critically especially information meant to sell something , you can avoid falling prey to unethical companies and people. Activity Two: List the words again in the order of the amount of equipment needed to play them. It has transcended this and become an experience.


text:
import sys

class Number:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = int(value)
        print "Converting "+str(self.value)+" to binary formats.\n"
        self.mag = getMagnitude(abs(self.value))
        self.sign = getSign(self.value)
        self.onesComp = get1sComplement(self.mag,self.sign)
        self.twosComp = get2sComplement(self.mag,self.sign)
        print "Conversion for "+str(self.value)+" completed.\n"

def main():
    with open("numList.txt") as fi:
        numbers = fi.readlines()
    decVal = []

    for i in numbers:
        decVal.append(Number(i))

def getMagnitude(decin):
    print "Calculating binary magnitude"
    binStr = ""
    dec = decin
    while dec > 0:
        remainder = dec % 2
        newdec = dec // 2
        print ""+str(dec) +"/2="+str(newdec)+" with a remainder of "+str(remainder)
        dec = newdec
        binStr = str(remainder) + binStr
    print "The magnitude of "+str(decin)+" is "+binStr
    print ""
    return binStr

def getSign(decin):
    if decin < 0:
        print str(decin)+" is negative so the MSB is 1\n"
        return "1"
    else:
        print str(decin)+" is positive so the MSB is 0\n"
        return "0"

def get1sComplement(mag,sign):
    if sign == "0":
        print "Because the number is positive the 1's complement is '0' followed by the magnitude"
        print "0"+mag
        return "0"+mag
    else:
        print "Because the number is negative the 1's complement is '1' followed by the magnitude inverted. EG 101 -> 010"
        print "1"+getInvertedMag(mag)
        return "1"+getInvertedMag(mag)

def get2sComplement(mag,sign):
    if sign == "0":
        print "Because the number is positive the 2's complement is '0' followed by the magnitude"
        print "0"+mag
        return "0"+mag
    else:
        print "Because the number is negative the 2's complement is '1' followed by the magnitude inverted plus 1. EG 101 -> 010"
        print "1"+add1(getInvertedMag(mag))
        return "1"+add1(getInvertedMag(mag))

def add1(invMag):
    #Convert bin to array
    bitarray = []
    bitStr = ""
    for bit in invMag:
        bitarray.append(bit)
    carry = "1"
    for i in range(len(bitarray)):
        size = len(bitarray)-1
        #print size, i
        curbit = size - i
        if carry == "1" and bitarray[curbit] == "1":
            bitarray[curbit] = "0"
        elif carry == "1":
            bitarray[curbit] = "1"
            carry = "0"
        bitStr = bitarray[curbit] + bitStr
    return bitStr

def getInvertedMag(mag):
    inverted = ""
    for bit in mag:
        if bit == "1":
            inverted = inverted + "0"
        else:
            inverted = inverted + "1"
    return str(inverted)

if __name__ == "__main__":
        main()


text:
Q: setInterval not working on calling php script Script:
<script>
    setInterval(function(){$('#container').load('includes/cashout_list.php')},5000);
</script>

php file:
$query="Select * from cart";

$result = $mysqli->query($query);

if($result)
while($row = $result -> fetch_assoc())
{
    echo '<li>';
    echo $row["itemName"].'</li>';
}

the php script works fine but I cant call it from setInterval.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The lack of release of the cause of the Thomas Fire appears to be holding up dozens of lawsuits filed against Southern California Edison over the 2017 blaze and Montecito mudslides.
The motion signed and dated Feb. 5 by attorneys from the firm Baron & Budd was filed after a Jan. 14 hearing in which fire district attorneys notified the court that the agency had referred its investigation to the Ventura County District Attorney's Office for more investigation and the potential filing of criminal charges.
But due to a potential conflict of interest, the DA's Office had to refer the matter to the state Attorney General's Office, according to the motion.
"The DA's Office made the decision to refer the case to the AG to further the objectivity and integrity of the law enforcement process — two critical components of the justice system," the filing states.
The Attorney General's Office would not answer questions about reviewing the fire investigative file.
"To protect its integrity, we can't comment on, even to confirm or deny, a potential or ongoing investigation," the state agency said in an email to The Star.
Edison and its parent company, Edison International, have been named in various lawsuits alleging the utility's negligence caused the Thomas Fire to break out on Dec. 4, 2017, near Santa Paula. The fire burned nearly 282,000 acres in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, consumed hundreds of homes and claimed the lives of two people.
The lawsuits allege the fire also led to the devastating Montecito mudslides during an intense rainstorm Jan. 9, 2018. About two dozen people were killed and more than 100 homes were destroyed.
Edison has not commented on the ongoing litigation but has admitted that its equipment was associated with one of two ignition points of the Thomas Fire. Recently, the company also filed a cross-complaint against Santa Barbara County and other public entities claiming their negligence caused the mudslides.
Alexander Robertson, a Westlake Village-based attorney representing victims of both the fire and the mudslides, said the release of the fire's cause came up at the January hearing because Superior Court Judge Daniel J. Buckley is trying to set trial dates for the cases. Some of them could begin as early as the summer, Robertson said.
However, attorneys for the fire and mudslide plaintiffs have not been able to depose anyone involved in the investigation of the blaze.
The only first responder deposed by Robertson so far is Ventura County sheriff's Cmdr. Tim Hagel, the police chief in Thousand Oaks. Hagel was involved in the evacuations being done the night the fire broke out, Robertson said.
At the January court appearance, attorneys started negotiating about how to proceed with the county fire personnel, Robertson said. The idea was to only depose them about what they saw and heard while responding to the blaze and not ask them about the investigation, according to the motion filed by fire district attorneys.
These talks continued in the weeks after, and it was worked out on Thursday that seven individuals from the fire district will be deposed March 5. These are division chiefs and captains who had "decision-making authority early on in the fire about where to send resources and recommending evacuations," Robertson said.
A court hearing is scheduled for Monday to sort out how to proceed in the case, given that the cause has not yet been released, Robertson said.
Robertson said there was a win for fire and mudslide victims last week, however. The state Supreme Court denied to hear a petition for review filed by Edison over the utility company's demurrer. In the demurrer, Edison opposed plaintiffs' claim of inverse condemnation but did not oppose the other claims such as negligence.
The state Supreme Court's denial to review the ruling means plaintiffs will be allowed to seek recovery of attorney fees and costs from Edison, should they prevail in the lawsuits, Robertson said.