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Marx Underscores Healthcare, Choice, Affordability in Run to Replace Formica
— Cate Hewitt, 9.14.2022
Martha Marx is running for state senate in the 20th district (Marx campaign)
In her third run for the 20th district state senate seat, Democrat Martha Marx is competing against Republican Jerry Labriola Jr. In the last two elections she was narrowly defeated by Republican Paul Formica, who did not run for re-election this year. The district includes Bozrah, East Lyme, Montville, New London, Old Lyme, Old Saybrook, Salem, and Waterford.
Marx is a city councilor in New London in her second term and serves as chair of the council Public Welfare Committee. She is a career visiting nurse and is president of her union, AFT Local 5119 VNA SC Registered Nurses and Home Health Aides. She is endorsed by the Working Families Party.
Marx is a lifelong resident of the 20th district. She told CT Examiner that she will be a voice in Hartford for the working class people in the district especially on healthcare issues. She emphasized the importance of defending reproductive rights, increasing affordable housing, and passing a public healthcare option.
This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity.
CTex: What are the main points of your platform? What are your key goals?
MARX: From the very beginning, it's been a very grassroots platform for me. I got into politics because as a nurse for 38 years — especially as a visiting nurse — I saw how our public policy and healthcare policy work and how they don't work. It got very frustrating to be caring for people and seeing that their needs weren't being met, so that has always been my number one goal of why I decided to get into politics.
I have a strong voice. I'm a very good negotiator, a very good listener. I know the people of the 20th district very well – that's why I'm running for my third time. I wouldn't be running again if I didn't truly want to be up in Hartford. It's not easy to run for office. What I hope to do when I get there is to help the working class people of the 20th district. I feel we don't always have a voice up in Hartford and it's getting more and more difficult for many people, especially the working poor. I also want to continue to improve health care because it needs a lot of improvements.
CTex: Where do you see yourself in today's Democratic party?
MARX: I see myself as a Working Families Democrat. I am running for office because I truly care about working people. I care about the people that are doing construction, driving our buses, teaching our children, keeping our towns and state safe, putting out fires, caring for the elderly in their homes — those are the constituents that I truly feel need in a louder voice in Hartford. I'm also an empathetic Democrat. Empathy is lost in this world with many people in politics. It's what I do every day of my life and it's what I really plan to take up to Hartford,
CTex: Describe your background, what are your qualifications? What brought you to politics?
MARX: My background is that I've lived in the 20th district for almost all of my 59 years – UCONN for four years, then New York and Boston each for a year and then came back. Raised my four children in New London, grew up in Waterford, so I know the 20th district. I'll make 150 phone calls and I know at least 10% of them no matter which town I am calling. I know what street they live on and what the houses look like. I know the history of every town in the 20th district – it's very important for your state senator to know what your district is and who the people in your district are.
I feel that I am more than qualified. I actually sit with people every day and hear what their needs are. I have negotiated at least five contracts with my union, very good contracts. I'm a very tenacious negotiator, but you do have to reach to the other side and listen to the other side. What makes excellent contracts is when both parties walk away and are happy — that's what has to happen more up in Hartford.
I serve on the City Council. Every meeting that I go to I learn something new, every policy that I read I learn something new. I am just so excited to be the next state senator and to be able to vote on policy and create policy that truly helps the 20th district.
CTex: What sets you apart from your opponent?
MARX: I honestly don't know my opponent. He doesn't have any of his platform online or on social media. He hasn't come out with any statements about choice or about guns. After Uvalde he didn't say anything. After Roe v. Wade was voted down by the Supreme Court, he didn't have a statement. All I know about him is that he's from Naugatuck and he was chair of the Connecticut Republican Party and that he was the first chair of the Republican Party to endorse Marco Rubio.
What sets us apart is that people know who I am. I have name recognition now. I have campaigned tirelessly. This is the third time – I've already made 8,000 phone calls. I am there for people to ask me questions. I'm there to listen to people, what their concerns are. So I know the district and I don't think my opponent does.
CTex: What issues are you focusing on in the campaign?
MARX: There's quite a few of them. Why don't I pick two? One of them is transportation, [which] is incredibly important to the 20th district.
In New London, I found out that our Smart Rides, which is our micro transit bus was not taking our seniors or anybody for less than a half a mile, and it stopped being free on August 1. This might not be huge for all of the 20th district but it's very big for New London. I assumed it was going to continue to be free right through November 30, just like all the transit in Connecticut, but the micro transit was excluded. I listened to my seniors — they called me and I immediately got on it. I held a Public Welfare Committee meeting and we met with the parking authority and the mayor and they changed it so that now it will pick up at .5 miles and it's free through at least November 30. It just shows that I'm quick with my action.
One of my biggest issues right now is choice. My father was an obstetrician and gynecologist. There was eight of us children. My mother was Irish Catholic so we obviously went to Mass every Sunday. When the priest at our church St. Paul's in Waterford would start discussing abortion back in the 70s, when it first became a right, my father would stand all of us up and the eight of us, with Mama on the end, would walk out of church because he told us how important it was for women to have a choice, for women to have a right to have a planned pregnancy, and that abortion kills many women. For decades, I have held signs saying "don't take away our birth control" when funding was going to be taken away from Planned Parenthood. I have gone to many rallies and supported women's reproductive rights, and I have continued to do that through this massive crisis of the overturning of Roe v Wade.
Don't think that they're not going to try to take away our right for contraception because it is what their next step is. Even though abortion is codified here in Connecticut, it was codified in the United States of America and it no longer is — so we must have people in state office that believe a woman has the right to a planned pregnancy and to reproductive care. It's all about health care. I can't believe that in 2022 I still have to stand up and be an advocate. I thought that in the 70s that we were done with this, but we're not and I'm afraid we're never going to be done.
CTex: What should the state's role be in providing affordability for Connecticut residents? Is there a state level response on inflation for CT residents?
MARX: Affordability comes in so many ways. It's taxes, it's inflation. Inflation is worldwide right now, it's just not in Connecticut, it's just not in the United States. Much of it is because of the war and with oil prices and with natural gas that gets shipped from Ukraine and from Russia. But it's also because of COVID and what it has done to closing down the plants and all that.
This past session, the lawmakers did an excellent job cutting $600 million in taxes from the budget. I also would work tirelessly to try to get the car tax to be more progressive. If you own a 2015 Camry in New London, it shouldn't cost you more taxes than what it costs in Waterford.
I would extend the child tax credit. I would continue to make meals free in the schools. The lawmakers in the last session put $30 million to that so that the kids are getting meals free. A school lunch costs $3.25 in the elementary school — it's not like when I went to school and it was 25 cents — and it's $3.75 at the high school. The meals are much healthier and better than when we got fish sticks on Fridays, but that is a lot of money for families to do every week. When you send the kids to school, they should get fed at school, and it would be nice if the state would pay for it, so that's something I would do.
Suspending the gas tax was very good, but the whole landscape has changed because of the infrastructure legislation and because of the Inflation Reduction Act – that's going to truly change the way many things get funded here in Connecticut.
Funding for low income people for gas for this winter needs to be looked at. Lawmakers wanted to look at that during the last session but voted it down, but now it looks like it's a sexy thing to bring it back up. The Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program just got brought up this past week because Eversource wanted to start cutting off people right now and the legislature just said no because there's already a moratorium from November to May. Eversource also didn't even tell people about their options for a payment program — it was just, "We're going to turn off your gas or shut off your utilities." This is a company where the top five people make $31 million — you would think they would know how to send a turn off notice that was fair and then didn't need a bunch of lawmakers to tweak it.
I see that every day. I am in the homes with seniors who have to order gas or oil and they tell me what it's going to cost and that they're not sure how they're going to do it. When I win, I'm going to continue to work as a nurse so I am going to have a lot of accountability out there when I'm walking into their houses. I'm going to work tirelessly and this is what I want to do, these are the people that I want to help.
CTex: What do you see as the state's role in providing housing?
MARX: Honestly, I am so well versed and have such firsthand knowledge on housing because I walk into homes every day. I've been in some of the most gorgeous mansions along the shoreline and I have taken care of veterans who have had to live in a hotel room for a year because they couldn't find housing. I take care of people who have three generations in a three bedroom apartment, and then I take care of people that can afford a beautiful new two bedroom apartment.
Housing is what gives people a sense of confidence. It helps with their health care, with their being able to just have a positive attitude and to look at life with a sense that they're going to be okay. Housing shouldn't take up half of your income. I see the negative effects of poor housing all the time. The state has to help with housing.
What we have on the books now hasn't really worked. We've left it up to the towns to expand affordable housing into their specific towns and that hasn't really happened. We thought that the accessory dwelling units was really going to be a first small step and many of the towns did not pass that. We need to look at mixed-income housing based on what a person makes, but we also have to entice towns to want to have mixed income housing in their towns. I honestly don't know why they wouldn't want diversity – it's what makes the world wonderful — not just ethnic diversity but income diversity, age diversity. It's just so positive for a community, but for some reason, there's many towns that are afraid.
The state has to do a better job because there's 85,000 affordable housing units that we need in Connecticut and you can't put those all in the cities. The state isn't going to help the cities with [that] because the state wants the suburbs to start doing some of the affordable housing. So it's a conversation that has to continue. We had to ask some really hard questions of people. There was just a lawsuit in Woodbridge that might completely change what happens moving forward, and we're gonna have to wait and see what happens with that.
Housing is huge and the 85,000 affordable housing units are for the teachers, the firefighters, the police officers, the nurses, the paraprofessionals. We just have to really worry about our veterans too – they shouldn't have to live in a hotel for over a year before they get housing, and many of them do and they're tired. They're not going to come testify in Hartford when this has to be debated, but I will be their voice when it's time for that to be debated, because I see it all the time. It's heartbreaking.
CTex: Are you satisfied with the state's balancing of energy goals with the costs of electricity and gasoline?
MARX: The goals have to go more towards clean energy. We have a high reliance on natural gas and that's all because of the ISO New England and I'm not going to get into all those acronyms.
I think this summer has proven to everybody that climate change is real. I just heard a report that within 35 years, people aren't going to be able to live in some countries and some states. We have to lower our carbon footprint, which means we have to use more solar, more nuclear, more wind. I hope that we listen to what the DEEP commissioner has been telling us for the last few years and that we try to change the way we use energy. There isn't time to just keep kicking it down the road. We have to start working harder.
CTex: Is the police accountability legislation effective or are there modifications that need to be made?
MARX: I don't know all the nuances of the police accountability bill. The immunity that a lot of the police officers were worried about has proven not to be – it was kind of a false narrative when it first got passed. It's very difficult right now to be a police officer. Police officers do a lot of good for our towns and our cities and there are some bad apples, but there's a lot of very good people that are police officers and my heart goes out to them. It's really hard to go to a job every day and try to serve a community when people are looking maybe badly upon you. With the community policing and the police officers getting out onto the streets more and meeting the community, I think that is fantastic.
Sometimes I think, what would it be like if I had a camera on me every time I interacted with every patient? It would be very stressful. I'm not saying that they do need body cameras, but maybe we have to ask a really hard question and everybody else look at what they are doing with their profession.
The police accountability bill has started the dialogue. But sitting and watching a video with HR is not what I call diversity training — that's included in healthcare. We need to sit around the table and have some really hard discussions where it's safe. People have to admit that there's a problem and be willing to change.
CTex: What are your key goals and priorities for improving the educational outcomes for Connecticut students?
MARX: We've been working on education for such a long time. I remember when Sheff vs. O'Neill was passed and that was supposed to be the silver bullet that fixed everything, and it hasn't.
We have to take some of the funding of schools away from towns and bring it more to the state. It's not fair to the small towns that might have a special education student or might have such a small classroom that it's very difficult for them to fund their education. Then you have the cities like New London that have so many children that they have to educate and so many children with special needs, and it's not working.
I don't think I have the answer, but I certainly have had many an opportunity to talk to young parents, and they will tell me what they think needs to happen, as well as the teachers and administrators. All I can say is that I'm going to listen to them and try to make it better. I mean, why are teachers not teaching? Why are school psychologists leaving the profession? Because they're not getting the respect and they're not getting paid what they deserve.
CTex: Healthcare: what are key priorities for improving healthcare for CT residents?
MARX: I've seen all the good that's happened in health care, especially with pre-existing conditions and children staying on their parents' insurance until they're 26. The expansion of Medicaid has changed people's lives but it's still too expensive and too difficult for many people to afford. I believe we need a public option, I want universal health care. I work for one of the monopolies here in Connecticut and they've done some good but there's a lot that isn't good. The cost has not gone down, the cost has gone up.
I will go to Hartford – I will be the strong voice for the people who can't afford the copays. It is so confusing, it's so hard and it takes so long to get a doctor's appointment, and mental health needs so much work. I'm just going to go up there with a very open mind. I know I'm going to have to work across the aisle with healthcare. We have to make it better for the people because nobody is happy.
CTex: Is the marijuana bill as it's written adequate?
MARX: I supported the legislation that those communities that have been affected by the war on drugs should be able to prosper from the sale of legal cannabis. I don't know how the actual license applications are going. I know that Massachusetts tried to do the same thing and you're going to end up with the big companies – like every industry has the companies that are already there and have money to invest to start up here in Connecticut. Then you're going to have smaller local people that I hope are successful. I know it's hard to get financing, because it's not legal federally. We're going to watch and see what happens.
CTex: What else would you like our readers to know?
MARX: People know who I am. I've lived in the 20th district for 59 years. I've cared for the 20th district. I've raised my children in the 20th district. I have a lot of family here and I love it. We are a very diverse district, the towns are all very different from each other. Five of the towns are along the coast and we have to save our coastline and really make sure climate change is addressed. We have to look at the income inequity in our district and make sure everybody is getting a fair share of how we're prospering here. We have a lot of development going on – New London is having a renaissance and what happens in New London will spread throughout our district. I know I am the person that the 20th district should send to the senate to work across the aisle – I have to do it all the time in my job as a union leader. I will do it when I get to Hartford and I know I will make the 20th District proud and I hope they consider me on November 8.
Cate Hewitt
Cate Hewitt is a reporter and Associate Editor for CT Examiner. Hewitt covers planning and zoning issues.
cate.hewitt@ctexaminer.com
Democrats Savor Wins in Once-Red Greenwich
— Angela Carella, 11.10.2022
Democratic Gains and a One-Sided Drop in Urban Voters in Connecticut
— Sophia Muce, 11.9.2022
East Lyme, Old Lyme Help Lift Martha Marx to Victory in Third Run for State Senate
— Cate Hewitt, 11.9.2022
Mallozzi Sentenced For Ballot Fraud Convictions in Stamford Election
Incumbency Was the Best Predictor of Connecticut's State Elections
— Emily Carmichael, 11.10.2022
Logan Concedes to Hayes After Tight Race with Low Urban Turnout for Democrats, Big Spending by PACs
— Emilia Otte, 11.10.2022


Today Finance Minister Arun Jaitley presented the Union budget 2017-2018 in Lok Sabha .
- Finance Minister Arun Jaitley announces Rs 55000 crore for Railways in Budget 2017- 2018. Rs 1.3 Laqkh crore has been allocated for solar power, disabled friendly stations.
- Focus is on the swachch railways, says Jaitley. And also appropriate steps will be taken to launch dedicated trains for pilgrimage and tourism.
- Restructuring of University Grants Commission is announced .
- The government proposes to eliminate the tuberculosis by 2025 . Also two new AIIMS Hospitals to be set up in Jharkhand and Gujarat.
- Budget allocation for the welfare of women and children under different ministries increased to Rs 1,84,632 cr.
- The government will complete 1,00,00,000 houses by 2019 for the houseless.
- SANKALP - 4000 crores alloacted to train for market oriented training. Near about 3.5 Crore youth will be provided market-relevant training under this programme.
- For the youth the government proposed a system of measuring annual learning. Main fous should be on the Science. Across the country to help youth skill centres will be set up.
- By May 1,2018 100 percent village electrification will be achieved .
- In all 648 krishivigyan kendras in India minilabs by the qualified local entrepreneurs to be set for the soil testing .
- Allotment for the Pradhan Mantri Awaaz Yojana up from 15,000 cr to 23,000 cr.
- Sanitation in rural areas has gone up from 42% in October 2014 (launch of Swachh Bharat) to 60% now.
- MGNREGA should create productive asets to improve farm productivity, incomes. MNREGA allocation increased. Highest ever allocation for MNREGA at Rs 48,000 crore. Participation of women in MGNREGA up to 55%.
- We are aware we need to do more for our people, our agenda is transform, energise and clean India, that is 'tech India.
- Surplus liquidity in banking system created by demonetisation will lower borrowing cost and increase access to credit.
-My aim while preparing the budget this year has been to spend more in rural areas, infrastructure and poverty alleviation and yet maintain fiscal prudence. We have done away with planned and non planned allocation of resources to states, Jaitley says.
- Demonetisation to create a new normal for a bigger, cleaner GDP; slowdown, if any, will be only transient. Effects of demonetisation will not spill over to the next year. Demonetisation is a bold and decisive measure, for many decades tax evasion was a way of life for many. I am reminded of what our father of the nation Mahatma Gandhi said 'a right cause never fails'.
- India's Current Account Deficit decreased frm about 1% of GDP last yr to 0.3% of GDP in 1st half of 2016-17. Growth in a number of emerging economies is expected to recover in 2017. India remains a bright spot in global economy, we are seen as an engine of global growth.
- CPI inflation is expected to remain within RBI's mandated range of 2 to 6 percent. International Monetary Fund estimates that the world GDP will grow by 3.1% in 2016 and 3.4% in 2017.
-FII has increased from Rs 1.07 lakh crore to Rs 1.45 lakh crore. India has become the sixth largest manufacturing country in the world. Government has ensured fiscal consolidation without cutting back on public investments.
-Expectations included burning issues like inflation and price rise, issue of corruption and crony capitalism. Our focus will be on energising youth to reap benefits of growth and employment. Growth in a number of emerging economies is expected to recover in 2017.
Increase in the individual income tax slab limits is expected to be the highlight of the budget in order to revive the consumption cycle. SBI forecast an increase in the personal income tax exemption limit from Rs 2.5 lakh to Rs 3 lakh.
Excise duty exclusion on some food items (ice-cream, cheese, RTE, packaged juices, etc) may be lifted as a step moving towards the GST. Currently, on some food items enjoy 0-6% excise duty.
Given huge illegal market share, tax increase should be modest at 8-10% hike in the excise duty for cigarettes. If hike is higher than 10%, then it is negative for all cigarette companies.
With surcharge and cess, corporate tax rates in India are among the highest plus Immediate reduction in the rates is an imperative to counter the effect of demonetisation . Minimum alternate tax rates could be rationalised also.
Tax-saving infrastructure bonds, which allowed the investors to get additional tax deductions, could be reintroduced.
Last edited by priya.sharma : 02-01-2017 at 11:20 AM.
Arun Jaitley said 100 international skill centres will be set up to help youth to seek job opportunities. Colleges will be identified based on accreditation. Courses on foreign languages to be introduced. Good step taken by Government for education We can say it proudly.
Great Budget! especially jobs opportunity for youth - A new metro rail policy will be announced, this will open up new jobs for our youth and Budget allocation for the welfare of women and children under different ministries increased to Rs 1,84,632 cr.
The finance minster announced limit of maximum cash donation to any party should be Rs 2000 from individual source. Hope this news will limit the black money investments in political parties as donation during elections.


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Most Influential 2016: Victoria Morrison treats…
NewsCrime + Public Safety
Most Influential 2016: Victoria Morrison treats patients who don't need to visit the ER
By Alma Fausto | afausto@scng.com | Orange County Register
PUBLISHED: December 27, 2016 at 8:00 am | UPDATED: April 27, 2017 at 3:22 pm
Role: Nurse practitioner with Anaheim Fire & Rescue
Bio: She is the sole nurse practitioner in Anaheim Fire & Rescue's Community Care Response Unit. The first of its kind in California, the program treats low-level 911 medical calls at home or at the scene, saving patients costly emergency visits. She's been a nurse for nearly 17 years and is a lecturer in Cal State Fullerton's nursing program. She lives in Corona but grew up in Garden Grove.
Why she is an influencer: In 2015, Anaheim Fire & Rescue launched the pilot unit using Morrison. She evaluates patients to see if she can help them, or she will recommend a trip to their doctor or to the ER. Morrison, who drives an ambulance, can stitch up gashes and prescribe medicine. Her success ensured the program became permanent, which it did in July. Her help at the scene and at patients' homes frees up first responders for more serious emergencies in Anaheim.
Biggest challenge: "Being that it's a new program, it's just trying to figure out what works and what doesn't work and I'm the only one."
Thoughts on health: "There's so many changes in health care right now and we, paramedics and firefighters and hospitals, need to move with the changes, but not lose sight of who's most important and that's the patient."
Inspiration: Ensuring patients have choices when it comes to their health care.
Can't live without: Stethoscope
What's next: "We really want to improve and grow the program and look into possible collaborations with other hospitals and health care providers."
– Alma Fausto
Most Influential 2016
Alma Fausto
Alma Fausto is a crime, breaking news and public safety reporter for the Register. She has worked for the Register since 2013. Previously, she lived in New York City while studying at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism where she covered the growing Mexican immigrant population in the city. Alma has also lived and studied in California's rural and agricultural Central Valley. She's an Orange County native from Costa Mesa, and in her spare time likes to read, visit libraries and drink good gin.
Follow Alma Fausto	@AlmaFausto1
Laguna Community Band will mark 20 years with free concert

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


High pressure still start to retreat slowly from our shores and conditions turn more cyclonic for the remainder of the week.
In contrast to the past few days, we are starting with a fair amount of cloud across the county. Some brighter spells may well emerge later, but generally we can expect to retain the cloud for the best part of the day. It will be another warm day with temperatures climbing to around 21C in a light to gentle south-easterly breeze. Overnight will remain generally dry, but still with a fair amount of cloud. Lows will fall to around 8C.
A band of showery rain will move northwards through the county tomorrow morning, but this will tend to clear to drier conditions through the afternoon although it will probably remain cloudy until the evening when we could see some late sunshine. Temperatures will be a touch lower than what we have seen of late with highs of 18C. Winds will veer southerly and will be gentle for the most part. A band of heavier rain will move up from the south overnight. Lows will fall to 7C. Rain first thing on Thursday should clear northwards by the end of the morning to leave an afternoon on sunny spells and scattered showers. Despite the moderate breeze from the south, it will feel quite a bit cooler with highs of just 13C falling overnight to 6C. Friday is expected to be similar; rain at first clearing to showers in the afternoon. Winds will gentle to moderate veering westerly.
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Pitsford Weather Centre is a non-profit making organisation run by Pitsford School to provide quality weather data for the local community. Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the forecast in this report is as accurate as possible, the weather centre will not be held responsible for any losses that might be incurred as a result of errors. The weather statistics included with this report do not represent official Met Office data. For official data, users should access the Met Office WOW site.


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Le Congrès juif américain (, abrégé en AJC), est une association américaine de défense des intérêts juifs créée en décembre 1918.

Histoire

Le Congrès juif américain est créée en décembre 1918 par des organisations religieuses de la communauté juive.

À l'époque, la direction de la communauté juive aux États-Unis était assurée par des personnes d'origines allemandes. L'AJC est fondé pour présenter une position unifiée des Juifs américains lors du traité de Versailles de 1919.

L'AJC est dissout en 1919 et créé à nouveau en 1922. Il devient un groupe de pression en 1928, sous la direction du rabbin Stephen Wise, qui en resta le président et le principal porte-parole jusqu'à sa mort en 1949.

Dans les années 30, Stephen Wise lança des avertissements contre les dangers du nazisme. Quand Adolf Hitler fut nommé chancelier le 30 janvier 1933, Wise organisa au Madison Square Garden à New York une importante manifestation de protestation malgré l'opposition du département d'État américain et des organisations juives conservatrices. Le Congrès juif américain continua à organiser différentes manifestations de protestation entre 1930 et 1940.

En août 1933, le Congrès juif américain demanda un boycott général des produits allemands. L'AJC ne demanda pas publiquement au gouvernement américain l'augmentation du nombre de réfugiés venant d'Allemagne. Il partageait les vues d'autres organisations juives américaines, qui craignaient que ce type d'exigence ne provoque des restrictions supplémentaires à l'immigration et ne renforce l'antisémitisme aux États-Unis.

En 1936, le Congrès juif américain contribua à la création du Congrès juif mondial. Durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il servit d'intermédiaire entre le gouvernement américain et le Congrès juif mondial dans les tentatives de sauvetage des Juifs européens.

Le 8 août 1942, le rabbin Stephen Wise, président du Congrès juif mondial, reçut un télégramme par voie diplomatique. Ce dernier le reçut à la fin du mois d'août. La source de l'information était Eduard Schulte, l'industriel anti-nazi, Benjamin Sagalowitz étant l'intermédiaire. Ce télégramme fut la première communication officielle à évoquer un holocauste planifié. Wise reçut ce télégramme de Gerhart Riegner, le représentant du Congrès juif mondial à Genève. Dans ce qui fut appelé le Télégramme Riegner, Riegner signalait que les nazis avaient planifié et mettaient en œuvre une politique d'extermination des Juifs d'Europe. Le texte faisait référence au camp d'Auschwitz-Birkenau. Après confirmation par le Département d'État des États-Unis de l'exactitude des informations contenues dans ce télégramme, l'AJC mit sur pied un Comité d'urgence. Ce dernier devait coordonner les efforts des principales organisations juives aux États-Unis pour convaincre l'administration de Roosevelt de prendre des mesures supplémentaires pour secourir les Juifs d'Europe.

Une manifestation au Madison Square Garden, le 1 mars 1943, rassembla . Des manifestations du même type furent aussi organisées dans plusieurs villes des États-Unis.

De 1958 à 1966, Joachim Prinz est le président du Congrès juif américain.

En 1947, un prix  est créé en l'honneur de celui-ci, un an après sa démission du congrès. Ce prix est remis régulièrement par le Congrès juif américain durant les décennies qui suivent. En particulier, en 2014, le congrès exige de Recep Tayyip Erdoğan la restitution de son prix offert dix ans plus tôt .

En avril 1962, le Congrès juif américain dénonce l'antisémitisme subsistant dans les deux allemagnes et en URSS.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Association ou organisme juif
Organisme fondé en 1918

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Daily Meditations Published by IT Fellowship of North America & Europe Diocese of Mar Thoma Church
Word for the day by Christian Education Forum
True Piety
I Corinthians 6: 1-11
Jishu Samuel
St. Thomas MTC, Yonkers, NY
5. I say this to your shame. Can it be that there is no one among you wise enough to decide between one believer and another,
Paul, the apostle in this passage is addressing the believers in Corinth. In the very first verse, it is clear that there is some dispute among the believers in their church. What is a dispute? How does a disputing thought enter our mind? How can we solve disputes?
Dispute - is difference of opinion. The first dispute started in the garden of Eden. Satan gave a different thought to Eve that was against what God had told Adam; and she implemented it in her life without consulting the person that God gave her! (Genesis 3:6 says, she took from its fruit and ate; and she also gave it to her husband). So, it is very clear that anything other than God's plan is a disputing thought, and it is from Satan.
Satan really wants people to fight with each other. We can see disputes everywhere, in churches, among the believers, inside the family, with close friends and so on. We never know how Satan plants the disputing thoughts among the believers. If it happens in our church or in our home, we are not supposed to take such issues to non-believers in order to solve the disagreements. We believers who are the chosen one for the royal priest hood to judge the world - are we not capable to judge the small issues amongst us? Paul, strongly tells us not to consider non-believers as a judge for our issues. It is shameful to believers, if brothers fight with each other and even more shameful if its goes to the people, those who have no account with your church or with your family. That means you are giving a chance to the worldly people to mock you. It is a defeat for you, if you have lawsuits with your believers/brothers. Instead of going for a lawsuit, why cannot we believers accept any loss made by our brother? It is very clear that the unrighteous will not inherit the Kingdom of God and the list of unrighteousness is mentioned in the verses 9 and 10. Once, we were in darkness but now we are washed, sanctified and justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. Our debts are paid in full by His death on the cross.
Heavenly Father, On many occasions, we have fallen and judged others in our own perspective. Please forgive us and give us the wisdom to understand each other to avoid disputes. Amen.
"Goodness without wisdom always accomplishes evil" - Robert A. Heinlein
Community Formation Around Resurrection Experience Acts 23:1-10 Vinod Johnson Carmel MTC, Boston, MA 6 When Paul noticed that some were Sadducees and others were Pharisees, he called out in the council, "Brothers, I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees. I am on trial concerning the hope of the resurrection of the dead." Sometimes, the only thing that keeps you going through a brutal winter is the hope for the spring. It may have been a hard hope to hold on to this particular year in New England - a year in which Boston considered dumping not tea, but the ever growing mounds of snow into its harbor. And yet, the waist deep snow has dissolved away. White desolation has given way to increasingly visible green shoots of spring. A resurrection is at hand! In this passage, Paul tries to defend himself before the Sanhedrin Council. He seeks to drive a wedge between the Pharisees who believed in resurrection and the Sadducees who did not; even though neither believed in the resur
Revelation for Liberation Acts 27:18-26 Sherine Thomas Long Island MTC, NY 20 When neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small tempest raged, all hope of our being saved was at last abandoned. "After winter comes the summer. After night comes the dawn. And after every storm, there comes clear open skies" so said a Scottish clergyman from the 1600s. It's been said, that hope can sometimes be the most dangerous weapon. However, it's sometimes the hardest weapon to carry when you're living with the loss of a loved one, something that almost feels like a terrible nightmare that'll never go away. It's a weapon difficult to carry when day in and day out no one seems to hear or see those tears that are shed or silent cries that are made during a heartfelt prayer. It's a weapon difficult to carry as you see your loved one lying on that hospital bed. It's a weapon difficult to carry as you search and seek out answers to tell a child as to why they've been a
PRIESTHOOD: THE ANOINTED MINISTRY Exodus 40:12-16 Bring Aaron and his sons to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting... wash them with water. Then dress Aaron in the sacred garments, anoint him and consecrate him so he may serve me as priest (Exodus 40: 12-13). Priesthood among the people of God was a divine command and initiation. God wanted some people to be separated for the special ministry among his people. God appointed Aaron and his descendants to take up this kind of ministry among the people of God. Priests are always separated and appointed as channels that connect God with his people. All throughout the history of Israel, priests played an important role in connecting people with God and to lead and guide them in the statutes of God. But there are incidents in the Bible where the priests failed in their duties and that led the people to go away from God. So the priests have a special and significant ministry to perform in this world among his people. Two important things
Previous Meditations?


I will never forget last night. The wind down here in Patagonia can be very strong. Last night we camped in an area which wasn't really protected thus there were no large bushes or trees which could have slowed down the speed of the wind. In the middle of the night a storm came up which had such a power that some picks of my tent got pulled out by it. I needed to get up maybe 5-6 times in the middle of the night to put the picks back in. I also put stones on top of the picks hoping the additional weight would avoid the wind to pull them out easily but unfortunately it had little effect.
When I woke up in the morning parts of the tent were again fallen down on me. It wasn't really a pleasure to get up in the dark with lots of wind and the risk everything simply gets blown away when I remove my body weight from the tent. And this is actually what happened. I opened the tent which due to the wind was sticking very close to my body and as soon as I got my mattress out it got blown away. Unfortunately I couldn't run after it since this would have resulted in my tent and sleeping bag getting blown away as well. Diann, a fellow traveler from Australia, saw my challenge and came to help me packing my tent and sleeping bag. I couldn't really do so since the bag, I store the covers for my tent, mattress and sleeping bag in, was blown away too. This must have happened earlier since I usually keep it between the flysheet of the tent and the inner tent so the wind must have blown it away from there.
I started to get frustrated about the situation and just crabbed my tent and sleeping bag and put it loosely on a seat in the truck. Then I went out again to look for my mattress, the covers and the bag holding them. A handful of people helped me searching and luckily we found everything in the small bushes except for the bag which was the smallest loss. This saved my day since it would have been a real kerfuffle to have no covers anymore to keep my camping gear and to sleep on the cold ground without the soft and isolating layer of a mattress.
Due to the strong wind we couldn't prepare and eat breakfast outside why we cancelled it and just hopped onto the truck and started driving. Later on we stopped at a service station where everybody could fill their belly with a hot coffee and a sandwich.
The remaining drive to El Calafate wasn't too long. We arrived around 2pm and had the afternoon to do whatever we like. I wanted to go and see the brand-new Glaciarium since the Lonely Planet was recommending it. The Glaciarium is a museum specialized in glaciers and I wanted to learn more about this natural wonder since we saw a few glaciers here in Patagonia. My fellow travelers Jurie from Japan and Canning from Canada joined me. We needed to drive there by taxi since for whatever reason the museum is situated outside of town in the middle of nowhere.
The building of the museum had an interesting shape symbolizing ice blocks of a glacier. Also from the inside the museum had lots to offer. It was very well structured and had many interactive components. One of the highlights was a 3D movie especially featuring the Moreno Glacier this area is known for.
Another special feature of the museum was an ice bar. For an additional entrance fee you could spent 20min in the bar and consume as much booze as you like. Before going into the bar you had to put on a special silver coat to protect your body from the cold and gloves so you are able to hold the drinking glasses which are carved out of ice. Also the whole interior of the bar was carved out of ice and you had ice tables, ice sofas and the ice bar itself. The atmosphere in the bar wasn't frozen since people had quite some booze and enjoyed the loud dance music and the ice walls shining in all kinds of colors.
Back in town Jurie, Canning and I went to a Barbeque place and sampled some Patagonian lamb. Although I don't really like lamb I gave it a try and it was actually quite nice without the strong taste other types of lamb usually have.


On the recommendation of the International Union of Architects (UIA), this fourth edition of the Award will be held in conjunction with the UIA International Forum on Mass Tourism in Historic Cities.
The main objective of the award is to recognise projects (both proposed and realised) that exemplify excellent design practices and responsible planning as well as design and development for tourism in places of heritage and historical significance. This could include new facilities to accommodate tourists, sites of historical significance and the adaptive reuse of existing buildings for purposes related to tourism.
Architects duly qualified for architectural practice in their country of residence may participate in the Award. Each participant can submit only one project for each category and participation is free of charge.
All questions concerning the Award procedure should be sent to [email protected]. Questions and their replies will be e-mailed by the UAA to all participants.


Western Cape Reserve, South Africa, December 2018.
One day one day the lion shall eat grass.The day has come and resistance becomes no alternative. Street style Old lion. 🦁🏃🏿💨. #SwaggDr #RayIAm #streetstyle #mondaymotivation #melanin #menwithstyle #gentleman #styleinspiration #portraitphotography #fashionblogger #fashion #dreads #menwithclass #streetfashion #blogger #gentlemen #fashion #blackandwhitephotography #blackman #streetfashion #styleblogger #style #fashionblog #streetwear #melaninlove #fashion #fashionblogger #streetstyle #dailymotivation #inspiration #fashionblog #face #africa #blogger_de #motivationalquotes #dreadlocks red STOP green GoRay nevergoback episode switchplay folks.


How To Make Your Money Last (2016) helps you deal with a burning question when you've ended your career and started retirement: What now? These blinks show you how to manage your retirement funds to make sure you get the most out of this new stage of life.
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text:
Traveling Politico
Empire of Liberty
Hikes & Outdoors
Timeline of Empire of Liberty
March 1775 – George Washington receives the technology and unification mission from the Stranger.
March 6, 1775 – Raghunathrao, Peshwa of the Maratha Empire in India, signs the Treaty of Surat with British Governor-General Warren Hastings in Bombay, ceding the territories of Salsette and Bassein to the British East India Company, along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts, in return for military assistance. This leads to the First Anglo-Maratha War, fought between the British and the Marathas, ending with the Treaty of Salbai in 1782.
April 18-19, 1775 – Paul Revere's ride and the Battles of Lexington and Concord spark the American Revolutionary War.
May 10, 1775 – 2nd Continental Congress meets. Washington appointed commander of continental army.
June 17, 1775 – Battle of Bunker Hill
July 18, 1775 – Quebec and Nova Scotia join the 2nd Continental Congress expanding the revolution into Canada.
July 1775 – The Great Jamaica Revolt marks the beginning of the spread of the revolution to the Caribbean.
July 1775 – The English Harbor revolt results in the rebellion of much of the British Leeward Islands and neutralizes the threat of the Royal Navy's powerful Leeward Islands Station.
August 19, 1775 – A delegation from Newfoundland arrives at the Congress.
July 20, 1775 – The Bahamas sends the first Caribbean delegates to the Congress.
July 23, 1775 – A delegation from St. John's Island [Prince Edward Island] arrives in Philadelphia marking the full inclusion of Canada into the rebellion.
September 28, 1775 – The 2nd Continental Congress creates the Continental Navy under the command of Commodore William Briggs.
October 1775 – Guy Carleton is appointed the commander of the Continental Army of Canada.
October 28, 1775 – Delegates from the Cayman Islands arrive in Philadelphia marking almost the full inclusion of the British Caribbean into the revolution (except Tobago, Bermuda, and British Central America).
January 1, 1776 – Evacuating Royal troops burn the Virginian port of Norfolk.
January 10, 1776 – Thomas Paine publishes "Common Sense"
January 1776 – New Hampshire becomes the first state to ratify its own state constitution.
March 17, 1776 – Royal troops evacuate Boston.
April 1776 – The 2nd Continental Congress creates the Continental Army of the Caribbean though its role in the war will be minimal.
May 7, 1776 – The delegation from Jamaica proposes a formal declaration of independence from Great Britain.
July 15, 1776 – The Declaration of Independence is formally adopted marking this the first American Independence Day.
August 12, 1776 – Admiral Rodney's Royal Navy fleet captures the Bahamanian capital of Nassau.
October 1776 – British troops under Sir William Howe capture New York City.
November 1776 – British troops under Sir Henry Clinton take Savannah, Georgia.
November 1776 – The British army in New York moves south and captures Princeton and Trenton, securing most of New Jersey for the Crown.
December 1776 – Thomas Paine publishes "The American Crisis"
December 3, 1776 – In a stunning result, the makeshift American fleet under Commodore Briggs defeats the Royal Navy under Admiral Rodney at the Battle of the Windward Passage.
January 15, 1777 – The isolated strip of northeast New York declares itself the Vermont Republic though it exists in opposition to Britain and in quasi-alliance with the United States.
February 1777 – British troops under Clinton invade and capture most of South Carolina, defeating an American army at the Battle of Camden.
April 1777 – Admiral Rodney takes Charleston from the sea, securing all of South Carolina for the Crown.
April 1777 – Howe defeats Washington at the Battle of Cheltenham prompting the Continental Congress to evacuate Philadelphia.
April 27, 1777 – Howe's army occupies Philadelphia.
June 1777 – Sir Archibald Campbell moves an army north from New York towards Quebec, taking the city of Albany and the great fortress of Ticonderoga.
June 14, 1777 – The Congress formally adopts the Continental Tricolor as the national flag: a vertical blue strip filled with 32 white stars and flanked by white and red horizontal stripes.
July 22, 1777 – Campbell defeats Carleton at the Battle of Montreal, taking the city for the Crown. This creates a narrow salient allowing Britain to communicate and resupply isolated forces in the interior of North America.
September 5, 1777 – Sir John Burgoyne leads an army from New York into Connecticut in an invasion of New England.
October 1777 – British officers based in Detroit begin encouraging Indian raids against settlers along the frontier.
October 20, 1777 – Washington decisively defeats Howe at the Battle of Brandywine as Howe attempts to invade Maryland.
October 24, 1777 – Howe defeats Washington at the Battle of Philadelphia when the Americans attempt to retake the city. The defeat at Brandywine and narrow defense of Philadelphia result in Howe's inability to conduct offensive actions.
October 31, 1777 – Benedict Arnold defeats and forces the surrender of Burgoyne's army at the Battle of Hartford.
November 1777 – Admiral Samuel Hood begins his "island hopping" campaign across the Windward Islands.
November 1777 – Washington, Arnold and Carleton go into winter encampments at Valley Forge, White Plains and Trois-Riveris respectively.
March 10, 1778 – France allies with the United States causing Britain to declare war.
April 21, 1778 – Briggs turns back Admiral Barrington's assault on Jamaica at the Battle of Bajo Nuevo.
April 1778 – French naval squadrons begin arriving in the Caribbean.
April 1778 – Carleton defeats Campbell at the Battle of Bethierville.
May 1778 – Carleton lays siege to Montreal.
May 19, 1778 – Washington occupies Philadelphia as Howe's troops retreat to New York.
June 1778 – A Franco-American naval force takes St. Vincent from the British.
July 1778 – The British repulse a French attack on Barbados.
July 1778 – Spain allies with the United States and declares war on Britain.
July 3, 1778 – The Wyoming Massacre sees an Anglo-Iroquois force massacre several hundred American militiamen.
July 4, 1778 – George Rogers Clark takes the frontier town of Kaskaskia.
July 11, 1778 – French Admiral d'Estaing defeats the Royal Navy squadron off New York at the Battle of Sandy Hook eliminating any support for Howe's army.
July 13, 1778 – Howe surrenders New York to Washington and Arnold.
August 1778 – Spanish forces lay siege to the British garrison at Gibraltar.
August 1778 – With his supply lines to New York cut, Campbell surrenders Montreal to Carleton. Three of the four Royal North American armies have surrendered at this point.
October 1778 – Spanish forces under Bernardo de Galvez take Baton Rouge and invade British West Florida.
October 1778 – The first French soldiers land in Virginia to join Washington's army.
October 19, 1778 – British forces take the French Indian port of Pondicherry.
November 1778 – Prime Minister Lord Frederick North's government collapses resulting in the Prime Ministry of the Marquess of Rockingham.
November 1778 – Royal Navy forces defeat Spanish naval forces at the Battle of Las Galeras.
December 1, 1778 – British forces take Santo Domingo in a surprise attack.
January 1779 – A British attack on French St. Lucia is repulsed.
February 1779 – Spanish forces from Mexico take British Honduras [Belize], the Moskito Coast [coastal Honduras and Nicaragua] and the Bay Islands [Roatan, etc.]
February 1779 – Franco-American troops push into British occupied South Carolina.
March 1779 – British forces occupying Santo Domingo defeat Spanish militia forces at the Battle of La Guayiga.
March 1779 – British forces take the French Indian port of Mahe. This sparks the 2nd Anglo-Mysore War when Hyder Ali, ruler of Mysore and ally to France, declares war.
April 1779 – A Franco-American fleet retakes Grenada.
July 9, 1779 – Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette defeat the British under Clinton at the Battle of Columbia.
July 26, 1779 – Washington and Lafayette force decisively defeat Howe's army at the Battle of Brownsborough.
July 28, 1779 – Washington and Lafayette force the surrender of Howe's army between Augusta and Savannah.
August 2, 1779 – Washington and Lafayette take Savannah, ending the British threat to the American Main.
August 1779 – A Franco-American fleet repulses a British attack on Martinique.
December 31, 1779 – The Affair of Fielding and Bylant off the British coast instigates the 4th Anglo-Dutch War.
February 1780 – A Spanish fleet repulses a British attempt to relieve the siege of Gibraltar.
March 1780 – Spanish forces take the port of Minorca.
April 1780 – A Franco-Spanish fleet seizes Bermuda.
May 1780 – Arnold and Clark invade Ohio Country from Fort Nashborough in support of a Carleton-led offensive against Fort Detroit.
May 2, 1780 – Admiral Hood relieves the siege of Gibraltar with his decisive defeat of the Spanish at the Battle of the Pillars off the coast of Morocco.
June 1780 – Franco-American forces retake Barbados, finally expelling the British from the Windward Islands. British control in North America is limited to Santo Domingo, Tobago, the Floridas and the Bahamas.
July 1780 – Hyder Ali invades the British Carnatic region with a force of 80,000.
September 10, 1780 – Hyder Ali's son, Tipu Sultan, deals the British East India Company its worst loss to that point in its history at the 1st Battle of Pollilur.
October 9, 1780 – Carleton takes Fort Detroit
October 10-16, 1780 – The Great Hurricane ravages the Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, the Bahamas, and Bermuda leading to devastating naval losses and over 20,000 deaths. It is the deadliest Atlantic storm in recorded history.
November 29, 1780 – Maria Theresa of Austria dies, and her Habsburg dominions pass to her ambitious son, Joseph II, who has already been Holy Roman Emperor since 1765.
January 1781 – Galvez takes Pensacola, securing West Florida for the Spanish.
February 9, 1781 – French forces successfully invade and take the channel island of Jersey.
June 1781 – Franco-American forces attack Hudson Bay Company holdings in the extreme north of Canada.
July 1, 1781 – British East India Company forces defeat a numerically superior force under Hyder Ali at the Battle of Porto Novo.
July 19, 1781 – A British attempt to retake Jersey fails.
July 26, 1781 – The Marquess of Rockingham tenders his resignation to George III. William Petty, the 2nd Earl of Shelburne, becomes the next Prime Minister.
August 27, 1781 – British East India Company forces defeat Hyder Ali at the 2nd Battle of Pollilur.
September 27, 1781 – British East India Company forces defeat Hyder Ali at the Battle of Battle of Sholinghur, effectivley expelling the Indians from the Carnatic region.
November 11, 1781 – British forces take the Dutch Indian port of Negapatam.
January 10, 1782 – The United States and the British conclude the Treaty of Paris, ending the American Revolutionary War, granting independence to the colonies and relinquishing British claims on all North American territory except Tobago and Bermuda. Additional treaties between Britain, France, Spain and the Dutch Republic conclude the war shortly after with news reaching the Indian theater by the end of the year.
April 2, 1783 – A coalition of Lord Frederick North and Charles James Fox ousts William Petty, the Earl of Shelburne, from the prime ministership. William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, becomes British Prime Minister. His ministry collapse in less than a year.
December 19, 1783 – William Pitt the Younger becomes the British Prime Minister.
April 1784 – The Articles Congress passes a Land Ordinance to resolve organizational issues over the Ohio Valley Territories. It declares that new states should be created from the ceded land, those states would have the same status as the original state and they would have a Republican form of government. Subsequent ordinances would prohibit slavery in the region, organize the land in square units with land designated for education, and create a system of surveys.
August 13, 1784 – The India Act of 1784 reforms many key institutions within the British East India Company. This allows Pitt the Younger to remove John Shore from the position of Governor-General and reappoint William Hastings who would reinvigorate British ambitions in the region.
May 1785 – Nova Scotia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut pool resources to create the New England Revenue Cutter Service, a coastal and merchant patrol that is the forerunner to the U.S. Coast Guard.
March 1786 – Britain begins sending freed slaves and poor blacks, most having relocated after the American Revolutionary War to London, to Sierra Leone.
August 11, 1786 – Captain Francis Light acquires the island of Penang from the Sultan of Kedah on behalf of the British East India Company, renaming it Prince of Wales Island in honor of the heir to the British throne.
August 17, 1786 – The paternal nephew of Frederick the Great, Frederick William, becomes King of Prussia, as Frederick William II.
August 31, 1786 – Daniel Shays, a Massachusetts farmer and Revolutionary War veteran, instigates a rebellion over military payment and unpaid debts. A few skirmishes occur at courthouses and at the Springfield Armory but the rebellion collapses in the spring of 1787.
September 11-14, 1786 – Delegates meet at the Annapolis Convention to discuss strengthening the Articles of Confederation. They agree to work towards a second meeting the following year, which would evolve into the Philadelphia Convention.
April 1787 – The Dominica Crisis occurs when correspondence comes to light indicating several prominent Dominican families sought to begin discussion to return Dominica to French control.
November 1787 – The first delegations begin arriving in Philadelphia for the convention that will ultimately draft and adopt the 1788 Constitution.
December 10, 1787 – The Philadelphia Convention officially begins
January 9, 1788 – A quorum is achieved allowing work to begin at the Philadelphia Convention.
May 9, 1788 – The Order of Freedom adopts a Charter to govern their business and mission.
May 18, 1788 – The Philadelphia Convention closes with the formal adoption the drafted 1788 Constitution and submission to the states for ratification.
May 27, 1788 – The first of the Anti-Federalist Papers is published in opposition to the 1788 Constitution.
August 2, 1788 – Federalist No. 1 is published in support of the proposed 1788 Constitution.
August 7, 1788 – Delaware becomes the first state to ratify the 1788 Constitution.
December 14, 1788 – King Charles III of Spain dies, and is succeeded by his son Charles IV.
May 5, 1789 – The Estates General convenes in France for the first time since 1614 to resolve an ongoing financial crisis, sparked largely due to debts incurred from French support of the American Revolution.
May 28, 1789 – The Leeward Islands ratifies the 1788 Constitution, the 17th state and thus formally allowing the Constitution to take effect.
June 20, 1789 – Members of the French "Third Estate" swear the Tennis Court Oath agreeing not to separate until they have given France a constitution.
July 9, 1789 – The French representatives create the National Constituent Assembly to replace the ancient Estates General.
July 14, 1789 – Mobs in Paris storm the Bastille, the ancient royal prison.
August 27, 1789 – The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen is adopted in France, sweeping away many of the ancient rights of the nobility and clergy.
September 3, 1789 – Articles Congress formally certified that the new constitution had been duly ratified and sets the date for elections.
December 1, 1789 – Voting begins for the elected positions to fill the 1st Congress under the 1788 Constitution.
February 8, 1790 – The Electoral College elected George Washington as the United States' first president and John Adams as the first Vice President.
March 3, 1790 – The final session of the Congress under the Articles of Confederation convenes and gavels out sine die.
March 5, 1790 – The first meeting of the 1st Congress of the United States convenes under the 1788 Constitution.
March 8, 1790 – The French National Assembly decrees that each colony could formulate its own wishes regarding the future of its internal status. This leads to a constitutional convention in the colony of St. Domingue which becomes the prelude to the Haitian Revolution.
May 1, 1790 – George Washington is sworn in as the 1st President of the United States.
May 29, 1790 – Rhode Island becomes the final state to ratify the 1788 Constitution.
September 1790 – The Congress begins to take up the amendments that will becomes the Bill of Rights.
September 1790 – Congress passes the Judiciary Act of 1790 which set the number of supreme court justices, establishing the attorney general, establishes jurisdiction and numerous judicial districts.
September 30, 1790 – Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor starts to rule.
October 1790 – Royalists scatter the constitutional convention occurring in St. Domingue.
October 6, 1790 – Mobs force Louis XVI to move from Versailles to Paris.
October 7, 1790 – Josiah Harmar's Ohio Valley Indian War campaign begins. It occurs throughout the fall against the Shawnee and Miami with mixed results.
October 29, 1790 – The Congress approves the final articles of the Bill of Rights to be sent to the states for ratification.
March 4, 1791 – Vermont becomes the 33rd state to join the United States.
June 20, 1791 – Louis XVI and his family attempt the Flight to Varennes in an effort to escape France. This marks the end of the kings power in France.
August 24, 1791 – The slave meeting at Bois Caïman, allegedly in the middle of a hurricane, sparks the beginning of the massed slave revolt in St. Domingue.
August 27, 1791 – Third Anglo-Mysore War – Battle of Tellicherry off the south-west coast of India.
September 1791 – The National Constituent Assembly in France adopts, and the king accepts, a new constitution.
September 21, 1791 – The colonial assembly on St. Domigue votes to give political rights to free blacks and mullatos.
October 1791 – Arthur St. Clair leads a second expedition into the Ohio Valley to engage hostile indian forces.
November 3, 1791 – A combined force of Miamis, Shawnees and Delawares deal a disastrous defeat to St. Clair's force.
February 9, 1792 – With Jamaica's ratification of articles 3-15, those articles become formally ratified as amendments 1 through 13 of the 1788 Constitution thus becoming the Bill of Rights.
March 1792 – Congress establishes the 1st Bank of the United States.
March 1, 1792 – Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, takes office.
April 20, 1792 – France declares war on Austria marking the start of the War of the First Coalition and the larger French Revolutionary Wars.
June 1, 1792 – Kentucky becomes the 34th state to join the United States.
July 1792 – Congress passes a series of naval bonds which greatly expands the United States navy.
July 25, 1792 – The Holy Roman General Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, issues the "Brunswick Proclamation" which declares the army's intent to restore Louis XVI to absolute power and treat any opposition as rebels to be put to death. Instead of inspiring fear, the French revolutionaries see the king and nobility as traitors to France.
August 1792 – A revolt breaks out in the deeply religious Vendee in response to the Assembly's decision to exile priests that refuse to swear an oath to France to Guiana.
September 20, 1792 – French Revolutionary armies check the invading forces of the Duke of Brunswick at the Battle of Valmy. The same day the National Constituent Assembly reforms itself into the National Convention.
September 21, 1792 – The National Convention formally abolishes the French monarchy.
January 21, 1793 – Louis XVI is executed by guillotine.
January 23, 1791 – Prussia and Russia sign a treaty laying out the Second Partition of Poland.
February 1, 1793 – France declares war on Great Britain and the Dutch Republic.
March 7, 1793 – France declares war on Spain.
April 5, 1793 – General Charles-François du Périer Dumouriez, the hero of Valmy, flees to the Austrian camp after being declared outside the law by the revolutionary government.
April 6, 1793 – The Committee of Public Safety is established marking the beginning of the Reign of Terror.
April 22, 1793 – George Washington declares the United States neutral in the ongoing French Revolutionary Wars.
June 24, 1793 – Ratification of new 1793 Constitution by the National Convention.
July 27, 1793 – Robespierre elected to the Committee of Public Safety.
August 22, 1793 – Robespierre is elected the president of the Convention.
August 23, 1793 – Levée en masse voted by the Convention. All able-bodied non-married men between ages 18 and 25 are required to serve in the army.
September 1793 – British and Spanish forces invade St. Domingue.
September 1793 – Congress passes the Distillers Act imposing an excise tax on spirits, namely rum and whiskey. The deeply unpopular tax will spark revolts over the years.
October 16, 1793 – Marie-Antoinette is convicted and guillotined.
December 19, 1793 – Withdrawal of the British from Toulon, following a successful military operation conceived and led by a young artillery officer, Napoléon Bonaparte.
November 1793 – Washington unanimously wins a second term as president.
February 4, 1794 – The Convention votes to abolish slavery in French colonies. This also confirms an earlier abolition measure passed on St. Domingue intended to bring the massed slave revolt under control.
February 6, 1794 – Napoleon Bonaparte is promoted to general for his role in driving the British from Toulon.
April 1794 – Congress combines the various state coast guard squadrons into a nationalized US Revenue Cutter Service.
May 1794 – The slave revolt general, Toussaint L'ouverture, turns on his Spanish allies and drives them out of St. Domginue.
June 20, 1794 – A British fleet captures French Guadeloupe.
June 30, 1794 – General "Mad" Anthony Wayne begins a third expedition against the Ohio Valley indians.
July 11, 1794 – A British fleet captures French St. Lucia.
July 28, 1794 – Robespierre is arrested and executed by the Convention, ending the worst of the Reign of Terror.
August 2, 1794 – French forces at Martinique defeat British invaders.
August 20, 1794 – Wayne defeats a force of Shawnee and Delaware indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. This victory leads to several treaties in 1795 and the pacification of much of the Ohio Valley region east of Indiana and south of Michigan.
November 1794 – Congress adopts the 14th Amendment which clarifies provisions around sovereign immunity.
January 19, 1795 – French forces take Amsterdam, collapsing the Dutch Republic. The new "Batavian Republic" will be declared later in the year.
May 1795 – France and Prussia conclude a peace treaty, ceding the west bank of the Rhine to France.
June 23, 1795 – A combined British/Royalist force lands in western France and marches towards Paris sparking royalist uprisings and insurrections across France and Paris.
July 1795 – France and Spain conclude a peace treaty returning European borders to the status quo ante bellum but ceding Santo Domingo to France. France never enforces the seizure of Hispaniola.
August 22, 1795 – Constitution of the Year III, the new Constitution, is adopted by the Convention. This creates the Directorie.
October 4-5, 1795 – A royalist uprising across Paris is put down, largely thanks to the artillery tactics of Napoleon. His actions in defense of Paris land him command of the Armee d'Italie.
October 26, 1795 – France and Britain conclude peace, returning the Indian ports and purchasing Guadeloupe and St. Lucia.
October 27, 1795 – Spain and the US agree to the Treaty of San Lorenzo which resolves the lingering border dispute between Spanish claims in West Florida and US claims in Georgia, open the Mississippi River to navigation, and establishes "friendship between the United States and Spain".
November 1795 – A British fleet seizes the Dutch Antilles.
February 2, 1796 – The last British forces withdraw from St. Domingue.
February 29, 1796 – Jay's Treaty becomes effective resolving lingering disputes between the U.S. and Britain but angering republicans and alienating France.
March 1796 – The Rum and Whiskey Revolt requires massive militia response and sees Washington sail to the Caribbean to put down tax rebellions occurring in response to the Distillers Act.
March 1796 – Toussiant L'ouverture is appointed Lt. Governor of St. Domingue.
April 10, 1796 – Napoleon begins his Italian campaign.
May 15, 1796 – Peace if concluded between France and Savoy with King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia ceding Savoy and Nice while retaining Sardinia.
June 1796 – US forces begin establishing a series of forts across the Great Lakes region to facilitate trade and settlement across the region.
July 1796 – The withdraw of the French appointed governor of St. Domingue leaves Toussaint L'ouverture in virtual control of the colony.
July 1796 – Spanish King Charles IV appoints the triumvirate of the Count of Floridablanca, Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, and the young Crown Prince Ferdinand to lead Spain. Over the next few years they instigate many reforms, notably to the Spanish military and signing the Anglo-Spanish Alliance, but also alienate leaders in Aragon and Catalonia.
July 1796 – French armies invade the Germanies.
August 1796 – Elections occur in St. Domingue to send deputies to Paris.
October 1796 – The Cisalpine Republic is declared from northern Italian territories conquered by Napoleon.
November 15-17, 1796 – Napoleon decisively defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Arcole.
January 26, 1797 – Austria, Prussia and Russia sign a treat marking the third, and final, partition of Poland.
March 1797 – The Royal Navy captured the administrative capital of the Dutch East Indies at Batavia on the island of Java.
April 1797 – France and Austrian begin to negotiate peace. Austria gives up its claim to the Austrian Netherlands while a secret agreement divides the territories of Venice between Austria and France.
May 10, 1797 – A national referendum on a proposed constitution in the Batavian Republic fails.
October 1797 – The XYZ Affair, in which the French foreign minister demanded signficant bribes and loans to negotiate peace over shipping rights with the U.S., becomes known leading to demands for war in America.
October 1797 – Gabriel Marie Joseph, Comte d'Hédouville arrives in St. Domingue to take governorship of the island to the chagrin of Lt. Gov. L'Ouverture.
November 1797 – The "unity ticket" of John Adams and William Briggs wins election as U.S. President and Vice President in the face of war with France.
November 16, 1797 – The Prussian heir apparent, Frederick William, becomes King of Prussia as Fredrick William III.
December 9, 1797 – The United States declares war on France.
January 1798 – French forces backing Dutch radicals lead a coup which place them in control of the Batavian government.
January 1798 – Newfoundland militia seize the French colony of St. Pierre and Miquelon off their coast.
April 1798 – A national vote leads to the adoption of the French/radical constitution in the Batavian Republic.
March 1798 – The U.S. Navy seizes the French island of Martinique.
April 1798 – The U.S. Navy seize the Batavian/French Leeward Islands of Saint Eustatius, Saba and French, St. Barthelemy, and Saint Martin.
June 1798 – A Venetian fleet with French troops attacks and takes the island of Malta by surprise. The Venetian fleet quickly departs for Tunis. Fifteen days after the initial assault, a Royal Navy fleet under Horatio Nelson lays siege to the entrenched French soldiers on Malta. Other Italian fleets head for Tunis. A Franco-Genoese fleet, carrying Napoleon's Armee d'Orient, breaks the blockade of Toulon and heads for Tunis.
July 1798 – Napoleon's forces land and take Alexandria.
July 8, 1798 – The Palmhook Meeting of the Order of Freedom votes to influence the successful annexation of Haiti into statehood on the condition that the technology also be used to "civilize" the potential citizens.
July 21, 1798 – France defeats Mamluk Egyptian forces at the Battle of the Pyramids allowing the French to occupy Cairo.
July 24, 1798 – Britain and France go back to war.
August 1798 – Spain declares war on France.
August 23, 1798 – Matthew Morris, envoy from U.S. President John Adams, arrives in St. Domingue with a secret message to L'Ouverture proposing American support of Haitian independence from France on the condition of annexation as a full state.
September 1798 – Governor-General Anne Joseph Hippolyte de Maurès, Comte de Malartic, French Governor at Port Louis, issues the Malartic Proclamation seeking volunteers to assist Tipu Sultan in conjunction with Napoleon's invasion of Egypt. In India, this causes Sir Arthur Wellesley to go to war with Mysore.
September 1798 – Russia, Austria, Portugal, and the Two Sicilies declare war on France.
September 1798 – A British fleet under Admiral Sir John Orde is crushed by the French fleet anchored off of Alexandria at the First Battle of the Nile.
September 1798 – The Adams Administration and the Federalist Congress create the various Alien and Sedition Acts that greatly curb civil liberties in the name of security.
September 1798 – An American squadron under Commodore Thomas Truxton takes the port city of Cayenne, securing French Guiana for the United States.
October 17, 1798 – A Spanish-Neapolitan fleet scatters the damaged French fleet at the Second Battle of the Nile.
October 19, 1798 – L'Ouverture accepts Adams proposal of independence and annexation for Haiti into the U.S.
October 1798 – The U.S. Supreme Court issues a ruling in Grenada v. St. Vincent which establishes the boundary line in the Grenadines Archipelago between Savan Island and Canouan. It is the first exercise of original jurisdiction in matters of controversy between states and lays out the Grenadines Test, a multi-factor test that demonstrates that the court will make binding territorial decisions when necessary.
October 22, 1798 – Napoleon puts down a massive revolt in Cairo.
October 23, 1798 – Commodore Truxton's fleet arrives at Port Louis in the French Mascarene Islands. A negotiated settlement with the French Governor lands the U.S. control of the distant French Indian Ocean islands.
January 1799 – Napoleon invades Ottoman Syria to counter an approaching Ottoman force.
January 19, 1799 – Commodore Truxton's fleet arrives at the French Indian port city of Mahe. The Battle of Mahe ends in an American victory over French naval forces resulting in the surrender of the city. In the following months, Truxton secures the surrender of the rest of French India. This battle effective ends the French overseas empire (save for scattered influence in Africa and Napoleonic Egypt).
January 27, 1799 – The 1st Haitian Assembly votes to declare independence from France.
February 1799 – Napoleon takes Gaza.
February 3, 1799 – L'Ouverture announces his intention to seek annexation into the United States for Haiti.
February 19, 1799 – Haitian forces defeat the last pro-Riguard hold outs at the Battle of Jacmel ending the worst of the fighting of the Haitian Revolution and ending the civil war portion of the conflict.
February 24, 1799 – The Haitian Assembly votes to send a proposal of annexation to the United States.
March 1799 – Napoleon takes Jaffa.
March 1799 – French troops invade Switzerland and proclaim the "Helvetic Republic".
April 1799 – An Austrian victory in northern Italy at the Battle of Magnano secures much of Lombardy for the Coalition.
April 1799 – French General Duphot defeats an Italian army at the Battle of Orvieto and seizes Rome. The Pope flees to Sardinia causing Duphot to proclaim the Roman Republic made from the former Papal States.
April 20, 1799 – Haitian forces expel the last French forces from Haiti at the Battle of Pic le Selle.
April 21, 1799 – Vice President William Briggs publishes Concerning the Events in Hayti and Of the Future of the United States in favor of annexation. It secures Federalist support in the Caribbean for an affirmative annexation vote but destroys the long-term prospects of the Federalists in the region.
May 1799 – Napoleon defeats Ottoman forces and takes the city of Acre after a hard fought battle. His supply lines stretched, he opts to return to Egypt.
May 1799 – Louis Lazare Hoche leads a French army into Spain.
May 4, 1799 – Battle of Seringapatam: Tipu Sultan is defeated and killed by the British. This marks the end of the 4th Anglo-Mysore War sparked by the possibility of a Franco-Mysorean Alliance via Egypt. This defeat leads to the Partition of Mysore and the restoration of the Wodeyar Dynasty.
June 1799 – The "Aragonese Betryal" at the Battle of Huesca. Half of Spain's army defects to the French who proclaim the Aragonese and Catalonian Republics shortly after.
June 1799 – Nelson takes Malta.
June 20, 1799 – Duphot defeats a Neapolitan army and seizes Naples the next day.
July 1799 – U.S. and Haitian forces defeat a French expedition at the Battle of Les Cayes, the last battle of the Haitian Revolution which ultimately secures Haiti's independence from France.
July 25, 1799 – Napoleon defeats a second Ottoman army after their amphibious landing at the Battle of Aboukir.
August 1799 – Pitt the Younger resigns as British Prime Minister. He is replaced by William Cavendish-Bentinck, the 3rd Duke of Portland.
August 1799 – Napoleon quietly departs Egypt for France. Roughly 10,000 French troops remain to occupy Egypt.
August 27, 1799 – An Anglo-Russian invasion force lands in Holland. They will have mixed results and ultimately are beaten but manage to withdraw in November.
September 1799 – After a summer of back and forth warfare, the French army decisively defeats an Austro-Russian army at the Second Battle of Zurich.
October 1799 – Duphot and the great Russian general Suvorov engage several times in northern Italy with inconclusive results. An Austrian army lays siege to Duphot's army at Mantua allowing Suvorov to attempt an invasion of Germany via Switzerland. Once in Switzerland he learns of the Battle of Zurich and turns his army towards Austria.
November 1799 – Spanish forces check the French advance into Spain at the Battle of Alcañiz but cannot prevent an ordered Franco-Aragonese withdraw.
November 8, 1799 – The Coup of 18 Brumaire leads to the overthrow of the Directorie and the establishment of the Consulate with Napoleon as First Consul.
December 1799 – The last battalions of Suvorov's army reach Austria after their successful retreat across the Alps.
December 25, 1799 – A new French constitution is enacted which creates the Consulate and gives the First Consul (Napoleon Bonaparte) widespread powers.
January 9, 1800 – France, Haiti and the United States conclude the Treaty of Lisbon which ends the Franco-American War and the Haitian Revolution. France cedes her overseas empire to the United States and France recognizes Haitian independence.
February 7, 1800 – A national plebiscite confirms Napoleon as First Consul of France.
February 8, 1800 – General Pierre Augereau and his French forces defeat a Spanish army at the Battle of San Sebastian which allows for the formation of the Basque Republic.
March 4, 1800 – The U.S. Congress votes to accept Haiti's proposal of annexation.
March 14, 1800 – Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti succeeds Pius VI as Pius VII, the 251st pope. He is crowned on March 21, in Venice.
January 31, 1801 – Adams appoints John Marshall as SCOTUS Chief Justice as part of his larger court packing in the Midnight Judges.
March 8, 1801 – George Washington dies at Mount Vernon.
March 10, 1801 – Guy Carleton succeeds Washington as the new President of the Order of Freedom.
April 1800 – France, the Batavian Republic and Britain sign the Treaty of London. Britain gains Dutch Guyana and the Antilles, the Cape Colony, the Dutch East Indies, Ceylon, Dutch India not designated, and the Gold Coast. France retained its West African colonies while Amsterdam retained the designated Indian ports of Bharuch, Cannanore, Trincomalee, Sadras, Balasore, Syriam and the Japanese lodge at Dejima. France also recognized the Kingdom of Corsica and both parties agreed to a free "Duchy of Malta" which would be in personal union with the Neapolitan Bourbons.
April 3, 1800 – Haiti officially becomes a U.S. state.
May 1800 – Napoleon crosses the Alps and enters northern Italy to engage the Austrian armies operating in the region and regain the initiative for France.
June 12, 1800 – Napoleon defeats a major Austrian army at the Battle of Casteggio which secures Piedmont and Lombardy for France.
August 3, 1800 – Battle of Coslada allows French troops to seize Madrid.
August 22, 1800 – Spanish Crown Prince Ferdinand escapes Spain and flees to Cuba.
November 4, 1800 – Spanish Crown Prince Ferdinand arrives in Havana.
December 3, 1800 – French defeat Austro-Germans at the Battle of Hohenlinden. This effectively ends the lingering Franco-Austrian conflict and the War of the Second Coalition.
December 18, 1800 – Spanish Crown Prince Ferdinand arrives in Mexico City.
March 1801 – Treaty of Zaragoza ends the fighting in Spain, confirms the partition, divides the empire, returns Louisiana to France, gives the Philippines to France and enforces the transfer of Santo Domingo.
Partition of Spain into the Kingdom of Castile, the Republic of Aragon, the Basque Republic and the Duchy of Galicia.
Charles IV retains the Castilian throne but remains prisoner in Aragon.
Castile given North American colonies
Aragon gains South America;
Portugal gains Galicia, Uruguay, and the Canary Islands.
March 23, 1801 – Paul I is assassinated in Russia. Alexander I takes the throne.
September 1801 – The U.S. Congress formally creates the new state of the Mascarene Islands from annexed territory comprising the former French islands of Île Bourbon (Reunion), Isle de France (Mauritius), Île Rodrigues (Rodrigues) and the Séchelles (Seychelles). The Congress also formally created "U.S. Territories of India" comprising the annexed ports of Mahé, Yanaon, Karikal, Pondichéry and Chandernagore.
November 1801 – Thomas Jefferson defeats John Adams to become the third U.S. President.
December 1801 – The U.S. Congress formally creates the new states of "Martinique and the New Antilles" and "Guiana" while the Leeward Islands agrees to take on the former Batavian Dutch islands of St. Eustacius, Saba and southern St. Martin.
May 1802 – U.S. envoys secure the purchase of New Orleans, Santo Domingo and the Louisiana Territory for $18 million. Napoleon ensures that the purchase occurs over five years and is contingent on a Franco-American alliance. The agreement becomes known as the Louisiana Bargain.
October 1802 – In an internal dispute, the Holkar clan, led by Yashwantrao Holkar, defeats a combined Scindia/Peshwa army at the Battle of Poona, which forces the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, Baji Rao II, to seek British protection.
December 1802 – The Maratha Peshwa, Baji Rao II, concludes a treaty with the British East India Company, the Treaty of Bassein, that provides British protection in exchange for the Peshwa's client status. This sparks the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
September 11, 1803 – A British force under Lt. Gen. James Stevenson takes Delhi as part of the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
September 25, 1803 – A Maratha army forces Lord Gerard Lake and his British soldiers to retreat to Pune after the Battle of Assaye.
October 1803 – Stevenson, rushing to head south to relieve Lake, captures the key mountain fort of Asirgarh.
November 9, 1803 – The Siege of Pune begins as Maratha forces surround the city.
November 18, 1803 – A combined British force under the joint command of Lord Lake and Lt. Gen. Stevenson defeat the Maratha army besieging Pune at the Battle of Shirur. This effectively eliminate the threat of the Bhonsale and Scinidia clans from the war.
January 1804 – The Holkar Clan joins the Second Anglo-Maratha War in response to the defeat of the Bhonsales and the Scindias.
October 1804 – The Holkars take Delhi from the British.
January 3, 1805 – The British in India defeat the Holkars at the Battle of Pandhana.
May 1805 – In a diplomatic victory, the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh signs a pact with the British East India Company, ensuring they will not come to the aid of the reeling Maratha Empire. Shortly after the Holkar sue for peace, ending the Second Anglo-Maratha War.


So there's a lot of games where I experience this kind of problem, let's say I have 544 gold coins, I search the dword address for it and it pops up, the moment I change the value to a higher disposition (99999) the address then goes back to the previous value it was or sometimes it goes to 0, is there any other ways to modify the address without the game reassigning it again to the previous value?
Then freeze pointer to lock onto that location. If this doesn't work, then probably not the "correct" value.
How do I do a pointer search? I mean what are the steps so I don't mess up.


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Veneer Internal doors are doors that have an additional layer of fine wood that is applied overtop of the main material for the door, which is often more rough. This thin covering is meant to be decorative and make the door look more clean, sleek, and appealing. Usually, this wood will be less than 3 mm thick and will be glued to the main panels of the door, ensuring a flat and finished surface.
When discussing woodworking, veneer is a process in which thin slices of wood are glued to core panels. Typically, wood from the trunk of a tree is peeled off or sliced from large blocks. Veneer's appearance is unique in that it clearly marks the grain of the wood because it can be sliced along the growth rings. Depending on where the slice is made, a variety of unique patterns can form. This allows you to create a diverse range of styles and even interconnect various cuts of veneer.
Veneer doors are doors that have an additional layer of fine wood that is applied overtop of the main material for the door, which is often more rough. This thin covering is meant to be decorative and make the door look more clean, sleek, and appealing. Usually, this wood will be less than 3 mm thick and will be glued to the main panels of the door, ensuring a flat and finished surface.
In most cases, veneer helps ensure that cracking and splitting is reduced, as these surfaces are finished and laid smooth. These thin pieces of wood are less likely to split and crack than solid wood. In the event that it does crack or split, it is much easier and cheaper to repair a broken piece of veneer - even if you replace the veneer on the entire door - than it is to buy a new solid object.
Some projects would be impossible to perfect with solid lumber, making veneer an ideal option for creating what you need. Although this may not be as true of doors, it is for sure true of carpentry. In some more elegant or elaborate door designs, veneer can allow you to create a look you couldn't achieve with solid wood.
Oak wood comes mostly from the Northern Hemisphere, from regions like North America, Europe, and Asia. There are about 600 different species of oak trees that can be deciduous or evergreen depending on where they live. It has a high density, which makes it great for building because it is hard, strong, and durable. It also lasts long because its high level of tannin naturally resists insects and fungus diseases.
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Veneer doors provide a number of advantages over solid wood doors. Since veneer is a thin sheet of wood, it allows you to create various things you would be unable to produce with strictly solid wood on its own. They can offer a smooth finish for both appearance and texture. There are certain looks, textures, and finishes that you can only get from using veneer.
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On Friday, the Christian community of Beit Jala held its last weekly mass in the Cremisan Valley, an area threatened by the construction of Israel's separation barrier. The valley, a large agriculture area lined with olive groves, is located on the seam line between Jerusalem and the West Bank.
The Friday mass, which has been held weekly for the last two years, is a form of prayer and protest, calling for the wall to be removed.
The separation barrier will impact most residents of Beit Jala. Farmers with land in the area, the monastery as well as teachers and students of the local school will be particularly impacted.
The Israeli High Court was to make a decision on whether to construct the wall through the Cremisan Valley on the 29th of January, but has postponed the decision indefinitely. If the plans pass, the construction of the wall will, in the process, annex land from 58 Christian families in the area. The decision of the courts will most likely be to delay the decision further in light of the Pope's upcoming visit in May later this year.
Many other residents of Beit Jala who come to the area on the weekend for picnics and walking would also be affected.
The Christian community of Beit Jala made the decision to have the last mass days before the court's decision, in the hope that God will hear their prayers. Once the decision is made it will be hard for them to have any influence on the events, and even now, it is unlikely that the court will support their pleas.
Residents of Beit Jala are not optimistic about the future and it is likely that the separation barrier will be approved. Experience shows that the Israeli Court system does not often vote in favour of Palestinians.
"To tell you the truth, we have no hope," said priest Ibrahim Shomali, who led Friday's mass.
If the Cremisan Valley plans go through, the Salesian Sisters Convent and School will be cut off from the rest of the community, surrounded on three sides by the wall. Although technically still on Palestinian land, the students will be forced to cross a checkpoint on a daily basis as well as suffer from extensive military presence around the school. The monastery, however, will be annexed and unilaterally placed within 'Israeli' territory by way of its location on the other side of the wall.
Yousef, a farmer and father of two, has farmland that will be taken if the wall is built. "If they take my land I will have to leave Beit Jala – there is nothing else for me here," he said on Friday. The separation barrier will have a huge impact on the Christian community in Beit Jala, both economically from the loss of land, and psychologically from the constant presence of soldiers.
The settlements of Gilo and Har Gilo are located on the outskirts of Bethlehem and have both been built on Palestinian land. Many critics of the Cremisan Valley separation plan believe that it is the intention of Israeli authorities to connect the settlement of Gilo with Har Gilo, creating an artificial 'greater Jerusalem'. This is Israel's attempt to build settlements on the outskirts of East Jerusalem, annexing the an area about 100-square kilometres wide that extends deep into the West Bank.
The attempt to create a 'greater Jerusalem' is already evident in the East 1 (E1) area.
The E1 block is located in East Jerusalem, but all land is situated in the municipal boundary of the Israeli settlement of Ma'ale Adumim. It is home to a number of Bedouin families as well as Israel's West Bank police headquarters. Under international law, Israel is forbidden from building settlements in this area as it falls on the Palestinian side of the 1967 border. Plans for construction here were stopped in 2009 due to international pressure. Were they to resume, Israel could effectively surround East Jerusalem with Israeli settlements. This would divide Jerusalem from the rest of the West Bank, making a contingent Palestinian state unviable.
Israel has always maintained that the wall is for 'security reasons,' yet expanding Jerusalem's city limits does not constitute a security issue. It is difficult to understand what security threats exist in the Cremisan Valley.
Friday's final mass was attended by ambassadors and diplomats from around the world, including the European Union, Brazil, and Chile, and the Priest thanked those in attendance for their presence and constant support. "We felt as if at first we were alone, now we know that we are not alone," priest Ibrahim Shomali said in an interview with the Palestine Monitor after the mass.
The pope is set to travel to Bethlehem later this year and there is hope that he will be able to exert some influence over the situation in Beit Jala. The Vatican owns approximately one-third of the land in the Cremisan Valley that will be annexed.
Residents of Beit Jala erected a sign during the weekly mass reading "we live here, we exist," an expression that has become the slogan of their campaign. All that is left now is too wait for the court's decision.
For the Israeli High Court to vote against the wall, international pressure on Israel is urgently needed. Without real concrete action from governments and individuals abroad it is unlikely that the situation for Palestinian inhabitants of the Cremisan Valley will improve anytime soon.


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Shakopee SciMent student named Regeneron Science Talent Search Scholar
aanews January 14, 2020 3 min read
Washington D.C. (Jan. 14, 2020) — Gautham Nair, a Shakopee High School student in Minnesota, was named a Regeneron Science Talent Search Scholar on Jan. 8.
Gautham Nair
The Regeneron Science Talent Search was founded and produced by Society for Science & the Public, and is the nation's oldest and most prestigious science and math competition for high school seniors. It recognizes and empowers promising young scientists who are creating the ideas and solutions that will address our world's most urgent challenges.
Nair was honored for his project titled, "Understanding the Effects of Disinhibition: Analyzing the Impact of Synaptic Disinhibition on Neural Activities and Patterns." His project seeks to better characterize how activity in the brain is affected when under the influence of certain drugs, which will allow medical professionals to develop more targeted and effective treatment solutions for patients. Nair used an attractor network model, which effectively represents a set of neurons, to conduct his simulation
"I am honored and deeply humbled by this recognition," Nair said. " My research over the last two years has challenged me in ways I could never have anticipated, and I aspire for a future career working as a physician-scientist, practicing medicine and engaging in research where I hope to help people improve our understanding of neuroscience, addiction, and the development of new treatment solutions. I couldn't have done this work without the support of my mentor, Dr. Redish, my family, and teachers."
Nair will receive $2,000, and his school, Shakopee High School, will also receive $2,000 to use toward STEM-related activities.
The Regeneron Science Talent Search scholars were selected based on their exceptional research skills, commitment to academics, innovative thinking and promise as scientists. The scholars hail from 192 American and international high schools in 39 states and Guam. The Regeneron Science Talent Search scholars were selected from 1,993 applications, which were received from 659 high schools in 49 states, Washington, DC, Puerto Rico, Guam and eligible students living in eight other countries.
On Jan. 22, the Society and Regeneron will announce the top 40 finalists, who will travel to Washington, D.C. from March 5-10 to undergo a rigorous judging process, interact with leading scientists, display their research for the public and meet with national leaders. The students 'original research projects cover all disciplines of science, including medicine and health, bioengineering, physics, genomics, mathematics, materials science, and behavioral science. Entrants are judged on their originality and creative thinking as well as a broader measure of their achievement and leadership, both inside and outside the classroom.
Each year, the Regeneron Science Talent Search finalists are engaged in cutting-edge scientific research that addresses some of our most pressing global challenges.
SciMent Science Research is sponsored by Intermediate District 287 as a hybrid of Online Learning and Honors Mentor Connection. District 287 provides more than 120 education services including World Languages, Northern Star Online, West Suburban Summer School for gifted students, and hosts Destination Imagination. District 287 is a consortium of 11 west metro school districts.
The mission of SciMent is to reach young people with a tremendous scientific experience that focuses on the program's three core values: Excellence, Individual Experience, and Ethics
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