A dispersible polymer powder for water-repellent facades – the amount in the finished product may be small, but the effect is enormous.
Corporate governance is an important part of a company's success and of responsible corporate management and supervision. Wacker Chemie AG attaches great importance to the rules of proper corporate governance. In this report, the Executive Board provides details – also for the Supervisory Board – on corporate governance in accordance with Section 3.10 of the German Corporate Governance Code (the Code) and Sections 289 f and 315 d of the German Commercial Code (HGB).
In 2017, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board dealt intensively with the company's corporate governance and the recommendations of the Code in its currently valid version published on February 7, 2017. The Executive and Supervisory Boards resolved in December 2017 to issue the following Declaration of Conformity, which is available to the general public on the company's website.
In December 2016, the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board of Wacker Chemie AG issued their most recent declaration of conformity pursuant to Section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act. Since that time, Wacker Chemie AG has complied with the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code (the Code) as amended on May 5, 2015 – with the exceptions listed below in Section 2 a), c), d), e), g) and h) in the following. It has also complied with the recommendations of the Code as amended on February 7, 2017 – with the exceptions listed below in Section 2.
Wacker Chemie AG will continue to comply with the recommendations of the Code in the version dated February 7, 2017, with the exceptions listed hereinafter.
German law and a company's articles of association set clear limits with regard to a supervisory board's ability to exert influence on the business activities of a stock corporation. Pursuant to Section 76 (1) of the German Stock Corporation Act, the executive board has direct responsibility for managing the corporation. The supervisory board is instrumental in defining the main features of corporate strategy. However, beyond this contribution, the supervisory board's abilities are limited in terms of influencing the implementation of corporate strategy or operations. The same applies to measures taken to avert damage or loss to the company. Furthermore, since our Supervisory Board members receive only a relatively small amount for reimbursement of expenses compared to our Executive Board compensation, we do not deem the agreement of a deductible reasonable for members of our Supervisory Board.
The variable components of the Executive Board members' compensation are calculated on a three-year (= multiyear) assessment basis. Furthermore, 15 percent of the variable compensation is paid in the form of shares that are subject to a holding period of two years. Even if the assessment basis is not essentially forward-looking, we are of the opinion that our compensation system is balanced and suitable for setting the right incentives for a sustainable corporate policy. Our compensation system ensures that our Executive Board members participate in positive and negative developments at the company over a longer period – by means of the share component on the one hand and the average assessment over a three-year period on the other.
The Supervisory Board of Wacker Chemie AG, as it is composed at present, meets the requirements of the Code regarding an adequate number of independent members. The Supervisory Board will continue to ensure that, in future elections, it recommends to the shareholders what it considers to be an appropriate number of independent candidates. Additionally defining a concrete objective in this regard would not only limit the choice of suitable candidates for the Supervisory Board, but also restrict the shareholders' right to elect those Supervisory Board members whom they consider to be the most suitable. For these reasons, we do not comply with this recommendation.
According to this recommendation, the supervisory board shall determine a general limit to its members' term of office. A generally applicable term limit of this sort is not required in our opinion, as we consider an individual analysis of our Supervisory Board members to be more effective. This particularly applies since the Code provides for self-inspection of the supervisory board and its members anyway as part of the regular examination of efficiency. Furthermore, a general term limit would restrict the majority shareholder's freedom to choose representatives on the Supervisory Board at its own discretion in fulfillment of its corporate responsibility.
According to this recommendation, proposals for candidates for the supervisory board should be accompanied by a curriculum vitae, while the résumés of existing members should be published on the company's website. We fulfill the legal requirements regarding the proposals for candidates. Furthermore, the annual report includes the essential information on our Supervisory Board members. We believe that such information is sufficient. We do not see what additional merit a curriculum vitae could have – in particular when taking into account the rights of privacy of our Supervisory Board members.
A new recommendation concerning preparation of a profile of skills and expertise for the entire supervisory board was included in the version of the Code of February 7, 2017 (Section 5.4.1 (2)). Wacker Chemie AG has complied with this recommendation since a corresponding resolution was taken by the Supervisory Board on September 21, 2017.
The Annual Shareholders' Meeting provides an efficient and inclusive forum for informing shareholders about the company's situation. Even before the Annual Shareholders' Meeting begins, shareholders receive important information about the previous fiscal year in the Annual Report. The agenda items are described and the conditions of attendance explained in the invitation to the Annual Shareholders' Meeting. The notice of the Annual Shareholders' Meeting – together with all legally prescribed reports and documents, including the Annual Report (of which the consolidated financial statements and the combined management report form part) – as well as the annual financial statements of Wacker Chemie AG are also available on the company's website. After the Annual Shareholders' Meeting, we publish the attendance figures and the results of the votes on the internet. All these communication measures contribute to the regular exchange of information with our shareholders. WACKER helps its shareholders exercise their voting rights by giving them the option of casting their vote either in person or by proxy. Proxies are available to exercise shareholders' voting rights as instructed and can also be contacted during the Annual Shareholders' Meeting.
Wacker Chemie AG has a dual management system as prescribed by the German Stock Corporation Act. It consists of the Executive Board, which manages the company, and the Supervisory Board, which supervises and advises the Executive Board in its management of the company. These two bodies are kept strictly separate from one another with regard to both their membership and their spheres of competence. The Executive and Supervisory Boards collaborate closely, however, to ensure WACKER's sustainable long-term success.
The Executive Board currently consists of four members. It bears direct responsibility for managing the company and represents Wacker Chemie AG in all dealings with third parties. The Executive Board's actions and decisions are driven by the company's interest and the aim to sustainably increase the Group's value. With this goal in mind, the Executive Board determines the WACKER Group's strategic alignment. It then steers and monitors this by allocating funds, resources and capacities, and by supporting and overseeing the operating units. The Executive Board also ensures compliance with legal requirements and an appropriate risk management system and control.
While the members of the Executive Board bear joint responsibility for managing the company, each individual member is directly responsible for managing his/her respective unit. All Executive Board decisions require a simple majority. In the case of a tie of votes, the president & CEO has the deciding vote. However, he/she does not have the right to veto Executive Board resolutions.
The Executive Board and the Supervisory Board work together closely to promote the interests of the company. Their common goal is the sustainable growth of the company and the enhancement of its value. The Executive Board reports to the Supervisory Board and the Audit Committee regularly, promptly and comprehensively on all relevant issues of strategy, planning, business development, risk exposure, risk management and compliance. The Supervisory Board chairman likewise maintains contact with the Executive Board, in particular with the president & CEO, in the period between meetings, consulting with that body on the above-mentioned issues. The Executive Board explains any deviations from approved business plans and objectives to the Supervisory Board and gives reasons for these deviations.
The Rules of Procedure for Wacker Chemie AG's Executive Board stipulate that certain measures require the consent of the Supervisory Board before their implementation. These include approving the annual budget (including financial and investment planning), acquiring and disposing of shares in companies, establishing new production or business units, or suspending existing ones, and concluding sizable long-term loans.
The Supervisory Board appoints, oversees and advises the Executive Board and is directly involved in any decisions of crucial importance to WACKER. Fundamental decisions on the company's development require Supervisory Board approval.
The Supervisory Board comprises 16 members. In compliance with the German Co-Determination Act (MitbestG), it has an equal number of shareholder and employee representatives. Shareholder representatives are elected by the Annual Shareholders' Meeting and employee representatives by the employees, as stipulated by the German Co-Determination Act. As a rule, the term of office is about five years.
The Supervisory Board shall be composed in such a way that all its members have the knowledge, skills and professional experience required to properly perform their duties.
In view of the international nature of the company's business activities, the Supervisory Board shall have an appropriate number of members – but at least one – with international experience.
The Supervisory Board's Rules of Procedure already contain extensive provisions on members' conflicts of interest. In addition, the Supervisory Board actively strives to prevent conflicts of interest that are material and not merely of a temporary nature, and takes this goal into consideration when making recommendations to the Annual Shareholders' Meeting.
The provisions concerning an age limit set down by the Supervisory Board in its Rules of Procedure must be observed.
As regards the diversity of its composition, the Supervisory Board strives to take account of different professional experience, professional expertise and educational backgrounds and, in particular, to ensure appropriate representation of women and men. In accordance with Section 96 (2) of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), at least 30 percent of the members of the supervisory board must be women and at least 30 percent men.
The Supervisory Board should have sufficient members with the necessary expertise in corporate management, accounting, financial controlling, risk management, corporate governance and compliance.
The Supervisory Board as a whole must be familiar with the chemical industry (Section 100 (5) AktG).
At least one member of the Supervisory Board must have expertise in the fields of accounting or auditing (Section 100 (5) AktG).
The Supervisory Board does not comply with the recommendation made in Item 5.4.1 of the Code as amended on February 7, 2017, to set a general term limit for the length of service of its members. The reasons for this decision are given in the Declaration of Conformity of December 2017.
The Supervisory Board believes that it comprises an adequate number of independent members. All of its shareholder representatives are classed as independent within the meaning of Item 5.4.2 of the Code. For the reasons given in the Declaration of Conformity of December 2017, we do not comply with the additional recommendation made in Item 5.4.2 of the Code as amended on February 7, 2017, to name a specific target number of independent members.
The Supervisory Board will take into account the objectives it has set as well as its profile of skills when making its nomination proposals to the Annual Shareholders' Meeting. The current composition of the Supervisory Board complies with the objectives set in September 2017.
The Supervisory Board has constituted three professionally qualified committees to help it perform its duties optimally. The work of those committees is reported on regularly at Supervisory Board meetings.
The Executive Committee prepares the Supervisory Board's personnel decisions, especially the appointment and dismissal of Executive Board members and the nomination of the president & CEO. In addition, it negotiates contracts with Executive Board members and develops a compensation system that the full Supervisory Board then uses as a basis for determining the compensation for Executive Board members. In 2017, the Executive Committee consisted of the Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Dr. Peter-Alexander Wacker, and Supervisory Board members Manfred Köppl and Franz-Josef Kortüm.
The Audit Committee does the groundwork for the Supervisory Board's decision on the adoption of the annual financial statements and the approval of the consolidated financial statements. To this end, the committee is obliged to pre-audit the annual financial statements, the consolidated financial statements, the combined management report and the proposal on appropriation of profits. In addition, it discusses and examines the half-yearly financial reports and the quarterly figures. The Audit Committee gives the Supervisory Board a well-founded recommendation as to which auditors it should propose to the Annual Shareholders' Meeting. In accordance with the resolution of the Annual Shareholders' Meeting, it awards the auditing contract to the auditors and determines the focus of auditing. It then monitors the audit, in particular the auditors' independence and the services they deliver. Above and beyond that, the Audit Committee reviews the accounting process and the effectiveness of the internal control, risk management and auditing systems, as well as compliance-related issues. The members of this committee in 2017 were Franz-Josef Kortüm (as chairman), Dr. Peter-Alexander Wacker and Manfred Köppl.
In addition, there is the Mediation Committee, the formation of which is stipulated by German law. Its duties are to prepare proposals for the Supervisory Board concerning the appointment, and revocation of appointments, of Executive Board members in cases where they fail to achieve the required two-thirds majority of the votes of the Supervisory Board members in the first ballot. In 2017, the committee comprised Dr. Peter-Alexander Wacker (as chairman), Manfred Köppl, Franz-Josef Kortüm and Eduard-Harald Klein.
At WACKER, managerial and monitoring duties include ensuring that the company complies with legal requirements and that employees observe internal company regulations. WACKER's compliance management system is regularly reviewed and adapted.
These tasks are the responsibility of the compliance management department. For a detailed description of compliance management, please refer to the Risk Management Report on page 86. The company has appointed and trained compliance officers in Germany, Norway, the USA, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Brazil, Mexico, Singapore, Russia and the United Arab Emirates, who hold regular training courses to inform employees of key legal provisions and internal regulations. They also serve as contacts whenever employees have questions or need advice, information and training relating to compliance.
Beside our vision and goals, our ethical principles form the third pillar of WACKER's corporate policy guidelines. These principles – embedded in five separate codes – govern how the company goals should be achieved. A set of rules consisting of regulations and instructions supplement the codes.
Code of Conduct: this contains our principles for dealing with business partners and third parties. It also governs the handling of information, confidentiality and data security, the prevention of money laundering, and the separation of personal and business interests.
Code of Innovation: this specifies our principles concerning research and development, partnerships, patents and innovation management.
Code of Teamwork & Leadership: this outlines our understanding of teamwork and leadership. Key aspects here include trust and esteem, motivation and success, recognition and development, teamwork and equal opportunity, work-life balance and the positive example set by managerial employees.
Code of Safety: this defines our safety culture and sets safety guidelines for workplaces, facilities, and products and their transport.
Code of Sustainability: this lists principles for sustainability to be adhered to by R&D, procurement and logistics, production and products, and describes our commitment to society.
Two voluntary global initiatives form the basis for sustainable corporate management at WACKER: the chemical industry's Responsible Care® initiative and the UN's Global Compact. WACKER has been an active member of the Responsible Care® initiative since 1991. Program participants undertake to continually improve health, safety and environmental performance on a voluntary basis – even in the absence of statutory requirements. WACKER is equally committed to the UN's Global Compact initiative. We observe the Global Compact's ten principles, which address social and environmental standards, anticorruption and the protection of human rights. We also expect our suppliers to respect the principles of the Global Compact, and we evaluate them on this point in our risk assessments.
In 2011, WACKER created an internal Corporate Sustainability department, which implements the company's voluntary commitments under Responsible Care® and the Global Compact, and coordinates its sustainability activities worldwide.
Companies can be commercially successful only if they have society's trust. Consequently, WACKER is serious about its social responsibilities toward communities near its sites and wherever people are in need around the world. We regularly promote and support a wide variety of charitable projects, organizations and initiatives. Our commitment covers activities relating to science, education, sports and various charities.
We comply with the provisions of Art. 17 of MAR (EU regulation No. 596/2014 – Market Abuse Regulation). For a number of years, we have maintained an ad-hoc publicity coordination unit in which representatives of various specialist areas examine issues for their ad-hoc relevance. In this way, we guarantee that potential insider information is handled in accordance with the law. Employees who have access to insider information as part of their jobs are included in insider lists.
Persons discharging managerial responsibilities (at Wacker Chemie AG, these are members of the Executive and Supervisory Boards) as well as persons closely associated with them are obligated under Art. 19 of MAR to notify the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) and the company within three business days of transactions conducted on their own account relating to the shares or debt instruments of that company or to derivatives or other financial instruments linked thereto. A reporting obligation exists, however, only where the total volume of the transactions made by the person concerned reaches or exceeds €5,000 within a calendar year.
Dealing responsibly with risks is an important part of good corporate governance. WACKER has in place an opportunity and risk management system to regularly identify and monitor material risks and opportunities. Its objective is to recognize risks at an early stage and minimize them through systematic risk management. The Executive Board informs the Supervisory Board regularly about existing risks and their development. The Audit Committee regularly reviews the accounting process and the effectiveness of the internal control, risk management and auditing systems. It is also involved in auditing the financial statements. The opportunity and risk management system is continuously being enhanced and adapted to meet changing conditions.
As stipulated by the Corporate Governance Code, we have agreed with the auditors, KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, Munich, that the Chairman of the Supervisory Board shall be informed without delay during the audit about any grounds for disqualification and/or bias. In addition, the auditors shall immediately report all significant discoveries and events which concern the Supervisory Board's duties. If, in the course of their audit activities, the auditors establish facts that reveal errors in the Declaration of Conformity pursuant to Section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act, the Supervisory Board shall be notified accordingly and/or a note included in the audit report.
WACKER has concluded a financial liability insurance policy that also covers the activities of the Executive and Supervisory Board members (i.e. D&O insurance). This insurance provides for a statutory deductible for the members of the Executive Board.
Effective May 1, 2015, the German Act on Equal Participation of Women and Men in Executive Positions in the Private and the Public Sector calls for the Supervisory Board of Wacker Chemie AG to be composed of at least 30 percent female members and at least 30 percent male members. These requirements applied to new appointments for the first time as of January 1, 2016. Since that date, no new shareholder representatives have been appointed to the Supervisory Board of Wacker Chemie AG. When employee representative and Siltronic employee Hansgeorg Schuster left the Supervisory Board following the deconsolidation of Siltronic AG on March 15, 2017, Barbara Kraller was appointed as replacement employee representative by order of the District Court of Munich on April 24, 2017. The proportion of female members on the Supervisory Board therefore currently totals 18.75 percent (one shareholder representative and two employee representatives; prior year: 12.5 percent).
The act also requires Wacker Chemie AG to specify target values for the proportion of women on the Executive Board and in the two management levels below the Executive Board. The target values for the Executive Board are set by the Supervisory Board and those for the two management levels below the Executive Board are set by the Executive Board.
Both the target value for the Executive Board (zero; deadline for implementation: June 30, 2017) and the respective target values for the two management levels below the Executive Board (target value for management level directly below the Executive Board: 10 percent; target value for the second management level below the Executive Board: 17.5 percent; deadline for implementation in both cases: June 30, 2017) were achieved or exceeded before the deadline for implementation.
In September 2017, the Supervisory Board set the target for the proportion of women on the Executive Board for the period up to June 30, 2022 at zero.
In June 2017, the Executive Board of Wacker Chemie AG set target values of 16 percent for the management level directly below the Executive Board and 18 percent for the second management level below the Executive Board, with a deadline for implementation of December 31, 2019 in both cases.
The Executive Board of Wacker Chemie AG shall be composed in such a way that all its members have the knowledge, skills and experience required to manage a chemical company that is active in international markets. We are convinced that only a diverse group of individuals can do justice to this task. The decisive factor is achieving a balanced composition that reflects a cross-section of the duties involved.
High priority is accorded to different educational backgrounds and professional careers. The executive board of a chemical company must have members with scientific expertise and/or experience in the chemical industry. At the same time, knowledge and experience of accounting, financial management, corporate decision-making, planning and strategy are required, as is a profound understanding of the workings and requirements of the capital markets.
What is more, in a global company like Wacker Chemie AG, different cultural backgrounds – or at least obvious international and intercultural experience – are essential.
A balanced age structure across the entire Executive Board is also important. The Supervisory Board's Rules of Procedure provide for a standard retirement age of 67, which must be taken into account when Executive Board members are appointed.
We are convinced that mixed teams achieve better results – and that also means having women on the Executive Board. In this context, a whole range of measures has already been put in place across the company to raise the proportion of women in management positions.
The goal of the diversity strategy described above is to give the Executive Board an optimal composition to ensure the company is managed in a manner that is both successful and sustainable. A diverse composition guarantees that the Executive Board can assess all relevant issues with the appropriate expertise, view all material aspects from different standpoints and set the right priorities. The standard retirement age for Executive Board members ensures that the company can profit from the longstanding professional and life experience of individual members. At the same time, it enables younger managers to advance to the Executive Board and contribute new ideas and impetus.
The full Supervisory Board takes the diversity strategy into account when making appointments to the Executive Board. The Executive Committee, which is tasked with preparing the personnel decisions of the Supervisory Board, regularly discusses long-term succession planning for the Executive Board, and also takes account of the company's management staff planning in consultation with the Executive Board members.
In 2017, WACKER renewed the service contracts of its longstanding president & CEO, Dr. Rudolf Staudigl (age 63), and of Executive Board member Dr. Christian Hartel (age 46), who first joined the board three years ago. The standard retirement age, in particular, was given due consideration in this context, with Dr. Staudigl's contract being renewed for a further three years only, until September 30, 2021. With their different professional backgrounds and experience, both these managers contribute to the diversity of the Executive Board.
The diversity that the Supervisory Board wishes to see in its own composition is reflected in the goals and the profile of skills it adopted in September 2017.
Accordingly, the diversity criteria of international and intercultural experience, a balanced age structure, and different professional experience, expertise and educational backgrounds are considered when positions on the Supervisory Board are filled. In addition, the Supervisory Board's Rules of Procedure provide for a standard retirement age of 80 for its members. In accordance with the statutory requirements, the Supervisory Board must also comprise at least 30 percent female members and 30 percent male members, and must have an equal number of shareholder and employee representatives.
The goal of the diversity strategy is to ensure that the Supervisory Board as a whole is able to effectively oversee and advise the Executive Board. A Supervisory Board whose members are diverse in line with above-mentioned criteria is better placed to assess topics from different standpoints, and to scrutinize the Executive Board's management of the company, its decisions and its strategy in a constructive and comprehensive manner. The retirement-age provision enables members to contribute their longstanding professional and life experience for the good of the company. At the same time, it ensures that younger individuals can advance to the Supervisory Board at regular intervals.
The Supervisory Board gives due consideration to this diversity strategy when presenting its recommendations for candidates to the Annual Shareholders' Meeting; the next opportunity for this will be the Supervisory Board elections scheduled for 2018. What is more, during its regular examinations of efficiency, the Supervisory Board conducts a self-evaluation that also includes aspects such as its own composition and diversity.
In 2017, one change was made to the employee representatives on the Supervisory Board: following the appointment by court order of Barbara Kraller, the number of female Supervisory Board members rose to three.


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PSGL-1 regulates platelet P-selectin-mediated endothelial activation and shedding of P-selectin from activated platelets
Vandana S. Dole, Wolfgang Bergmeier, Ian S. Patten, Junichi Hirahashi, Tanya N. Mayadas, Denisa D. Wagner
Center for General Medicine Education
We have previously shown that activated platelets in circulation stimulate release of endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies thus increasing leukocyte rolling in venules. P-selectin on the activated platelets mediates adhesion to leukocytes via PSGL-I and is rapidly shed into plasma. We were interested in studying the role of PSGL-1 in regulating expression and function of platelet P-selectin. We show here that PSGL-1 is critical for the activation of endothelial cells in venules of mice infused with activated platelets. The interaction of platelet P-selectin with PSGL-1 is also required for P-selectin shedding, as P-selectin was retained significantly longer on the surface of activated platelets infused into PSGL-1-/- compared to wild-type mice. The leukocyte integrin αMβ2 (Mac-1) was not required for P-selectin shedding. In addition to shedding, P-selectin can be downregulated from the platelet surface through internalization and this is the predominant mechanism in the absence of PSGL-1. We demonstrate that leukocyte-neutrophil elastase, known to cleave P-selectin in vitro, is not the major sheddase for P-selectin in vivo. In conclusion, interaction of platelet P-selectin with PSGL-1 is crucial for activation of the endothelium and Weibel-Palade body secretion. The interaction with PSGL-1 also results in rapid shedding of P-selectin thus downregulating the inflammatory potential of the platelet.
https://doi.org/10.1160/TH07-03-0207
Endothelial-activation
PSGL-1
10.1160/TH07-03-0207
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'PSGL-1 regulates platelet P-selectin-mediated endothelial activation and shedding of P-selectin from activated platelets'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
P-Selectin Medicine & Life Sciences
Blood Platelets Medicine & Life Sciences
Weibel-Palade Bodies Medicine & Life Sciences
Leukocyte Elastase Medicine & Life Sciences
Venules Medicine & Life Sciences
Leukocytes Medicine & Life Sciences
Leukocyte Rolling Medicine & Life Sciences
Down-Regulation Medicine & Life Sciences
Dole, V. S., Bergmeier, W., Patten, I. S., Hirahashi, J., Mayadas, T. N., & Wagner, D. D. (2007). PSGL-1 regulates platelet P-selectin-mediated endothelial activation and shedding of P-selectin from activated platelets. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 98(4), 806-812. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH07-03-0207
PSGL-1 regulates platelet P-selectin-mediated endothelial activation and shedding of P-selectin from activated platelets. / Dole, Vandana S.; Bergmeier, Wolfgang; Patten, Ian S.; Hirahashi, Junichi; Mayadas, Tanya N.; Wagner, Denisa D.
In: Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Vol. 98, No. 4, 10.2007, p. 806-812.
Dole, VS, Bergmeier, W, Patten, IS, Hirahashi, J, Mayadas, TN & Wagner, DD 2007, 'PSGL-1 regulates platelet P-selectin-mediated endothelial activation and shedding of P-selectin from activated platelets', Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 806-812. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH07-03-0207
Dole VS, Bergmeier W, Patten IS, Hirahashi J, Mayadas TN, Wagner DD. PSGL-1 regulates platelet P-selectin-mediated endothelial activation and shedding of P-selectin from activated platelets. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2007 Oct;98(4):806-812. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH07-03-0207
Dole, Vandana S. ; Bergmeier, Wolfgang ; Patten, Ian S. ; Hirahashi, Junichi ; Mayadas, Tanya N. ; Wagner, Denisa D. / PSGL-1 regulates platelet P-selectin-mediated endothelial activation and shedding of P-selectin from activated platelets. In: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2007 ; Vol. 98, No. 4. pp. 806-812.
@article{a59a4de17ac846d897191587c0366ff0,
title = "PSGL-1 regulates platelet P-selectin-mediated endothelial activation and shedding of P-selectin from activated platelets",
abstract = "We have previously shown that activated platelets in circulation stimulate release of endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies thus increasing leukocyte rolling in venules. P-selectin on the activated platelets mediates adhesion to leukocytes via PSGL-I and is rapidly shed into plasma. We were interested in studying the role of PSGL-1 in regulating expression and function of platelet P-selectin. We show here that PSGL-1 is critical for the activation of endothelial cells in venules of mice infused with activated platelets. The interaction of platelet P-selectin with PSGL-1 is also required for P-selectin shedding, as P-selectin was retained significantly longer on the surface of activated platelets infused into PSGL-1-/- compared to wild-type mice. The leukocyte integrin αMβ2 (Mac-1) was not required for P-selectin shedding. In addition to shedding, P-selectin can be downregulated from the platelet surface through internalization and this is the predominant mechanism in the absence of PSGL-1. We demonstrate that leukocyte-neutrophil elastase, known to cleave P-selectin in vitro, is not the major sheddase for P-selectin in vivo. In conclusion, interaction of platelet P-selectin with PSGL-1 is crucial for activation of the endothelium and Weibel-Palade body secretion. The interaction with PSGL-1 also results in rapid shedding of P-selectin thus downregulating the inflammatory potential of the platelet.",
keywords = "Endothelial-activation, P-selectin, PSGL-1, Platelets, Shedding",
author = "Dole, {Vandana S.} and Wolfgang Bergmeier and Patten, {Ian S.} and Junichi Hirahashi and Mayadas, {Tanya N.} and Wagner, {Denisa D.}",
doi = "10.1160/TH07-03-0207",
journal = "Thrombosis and Haemostasis",
publisher = "Schattauer GmbH",
T1 - PSGL-1 regulates platelet P-selectin-mediated endothelial activation and shedding of P-selectin from activated platelets
AU - Dole, Vandana S.
AU - Bergmeier, Wolfgang
AU - Patten, Ian S.
AU - Hirahashi, Junichi
AU - Mayadas, Tanya N.
AU - Wagner, Denisa D.
N2 - We have previously shown that activated platelets in circulation stimulate release of endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies thus increasing leukocyte rolling in venules. P-selectin on the activated platelets mediates adhesion to leukocytes via PSGL-I and is rapidly shed into plasma. We were interested in studying the role of PSGL-1 in regulating expression and function of platelet P-selectin. We show here that PSGL-1 is critical for the activation of endothelial cells in venules of mice infused with activated platelets. The interaction of platelet P-selectin with PSGL-1 is also required for P-selectin shedding, as P-selectin was retained significantly longer on the surface of activated platelets infused into PSGL-1-/- compared to wild-type mice. The leukocyte integrin αMβ2 (Mac-1) was not required for P-selectin shedding. In addition to shedding, P-selectin can be downregulated from the platelet surface through internalization and this is the predominant mechanism in the absence of PSGL-1. We demonstrate that leukocyte-neutrophil elastase, known to cleave P-selectin in vitro, is not the major sheddase for P-selectin in vivo. In conclusion, interaction of platelet P-selectin with PSGL-1 is crucial for activation of the endothelium and Weibel-Palade body secretion. The interaction with PSGL-1 also results in rapid shedding of P-selectin thus downregulating the inflammatory potential of the platelet.
AB - We have previously shown that activated platelets in circulation stimulate release of endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies thus increasing leukocyte rolling in venules. P-selectin on the activated platelets mediates adhesion to leukocytes via PSGL-I and is rapidly shed into plasma. We were interested in studying the role of PSGL-1 in regulating expression and function of platelet P-selectin. We show here that PSGL-1 is critical for the activation of endothelial cells in venules of mice infused with activated platelets. The interaction of platelet P-selectin with PSGL-1 is also required for P-selectin shedding, as P-selectin was retained significantly longer on the surface of activated platelets infused into PSGL-1-/- compared to wild-type mice. The leukocyte integrin αMβ2 (Mac-1) was not required for P-selectin shedding. In addition to shedding, P-selectin can be downregulated from the platelet surface through internalization and this is the predominant mechanism in the absence of PSGL-1. We demonstrate that leukocyte-neutrophil elastase, known to cleave P-selectin in vitro, is not the major sheddase for P-selectin in vivo. In conclusion, interaction of platelet P-selectin with PSGL-1 is crucial for activation of the endothelium and Weibel-Palade body secretion. The interaction with PSGL-1 also results in rapid shedding of P-selectin thus downregulating the inflammatory potential of the platelet.
KW - Endothelial-activation
KW - P-selectin
KW - PSGL-1
KW - Platelets
KW - Shedding
U2 - 10.1160/TH07-03-0207
DO - 10.1160/TH07-03-0207
JO - Thrombosis and Haemostasis
JF - Thrombosis and Haemostasis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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What are the health benefits of malted milk powder?
Written by: Kat Long
Invented by the Horlick brothers in Racine, Wisconsin in 1873, malted milk powder is a food product containing grain and powdered milk. It is most often used as a sweetener in candies and milkshakes, or mixed with a liquid and consumed as a beverage.
Malted milk powder, when mixed with whole milk, contains high levels of calcium, protein and carbohydrates.
High Caloric Content
Originally, the Horlick brothers developed malted milk powder as infant food. Malted milk powder has a high caloric content and was suitable for growing children. Later the powder was marketed as a nutritional supplement for invalids and people with sensitive digestive systems. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), a one-cup serving of malted drink mix with added vitamins, prepared with whole milk, contains 228 calories.
Originally, the Horlick brothers developed malted milk powder as infant food.
Malted milk powder has a high caloric content and was suitable for growing children.
Calcium and Protein
Because one of the main ingredients is whole milk powder, malted milk powder is high in calcium and protein. The USDA reports that malted milk powder prepared with whole milk contains 326 mg of calcium and almost 10g of protein per one-cup serving. Calcium and protein are essential for teeth and bone health and for proper maintenance of muscles and blood vessels.
Fat and Carbohydrates
When prepared with whole milk, malted milk powder offers 8.5g of total fat and 28.28g of carbohydrates per one-cup serving, of which slightly more than 22g are sugars. Fats and carbohydrates are both major sources of energy; fats also allow the body to absorb nutrients from food.
Other Vitamins and Minerals
Nutrient-enriched malted milk powder contains beneficial vitamins and minerals. According to the USDA analysis, malted milk beverage contains 3.6 mg of iron, 40 mg of magnesium, 530 mg of potassium, 27.6 mg of Vitamin C and 10.6 mg of niacin per one-cup serving. It is also moderately low in sodium, with 191 mg per serving. Vitamins and minerals are crucial to ensuring optimum health and avoiding nutritional deficiencies.
Nutrient-enriched malted milk powder contains beneficial vitamins and minerals.
Make a Stiff Dough→
List of low-potassium foods→
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USDA/Nutrition.gov Nutrient Database: Malted Milk Powder
"Bon Appetit" Magazine: Malted Milk Powder
National Institutes of Health/MedlinePlus: Food and Nutrition Topics
Nutrition.gov: food and nutrition information from the US government


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Q: Possible diagonal values of a product of matrices with some specific characteristics Hello all,
This is a question that might or might not be related to my previous one.
Imagine you have two matrices:

*

*Matrix $\mathbf{\Phi}=[\Phi_1,\ldots,\Phi_M]\in\mathbb{R}^{L\times M}$ where $M\leq L$. The column-vectors have unit norm $||\Phi_i||=1$, and the maximum dot-product between distinc vectors is $|\Phi^\top_i\Phi_j|\leq\alpha$ for any $i\neq j$.

*The second matrix $\mathbf{T}\in\mathbb{R}^{L\times L}$ is totally known. It is positive-definite and its eigenvalues have multiplicity 1, i.e. $\lambda_1 > \ldots > \lambda_L > 0$.
My question is... what are all the possible diagonal values of the matrix product $\mathbf{\Phi}^\top\mathbf{T}\mathbf{\Phi}$?
I actually know the solution by the case $\alpha=0$:
In such case $\mathbf{\Phi}$ is simply an orthogonal matrix. Call $\mathbf{V}$ and $\mathbf{\Lambda}$ the eigenvector and eigenvalue matrix of $\mathbf{T}$ respectively. Thus $\mathbf{\Phi}^\top\mathbf{T}\mathbf{\Phi} = \left(\mathbf{\Phi}^\top\mathbf{V}\right)\mathbf{\Lambda}\left(\mathbf{V}^\top\mathbf{\Phi}\right)$ where $\mathbf{\Phi}^\top\mathbf{V}$ is another "orthogonal" matrix (rows are orthogonal). Thus the original question becomes "what diagonal values are possible with a matrix with prescribed eigenvalues?"
This is completely answered by the Schur-Horn theorem and relies on some majortization theory.
Thank you!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Join Jaime González for a fun and relaxing hike through the Indiangrass Preserve. We'll keep a sharp eye for falcons, eagles, wading waterbirds, and signs of life on this winter wonderland. We'll finish up our tour with a warm cup of coffee or hot cocoa and a quick conservation craft - so you can spread the holiday joy to birds in your neighborhood.


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Posted inInterview
Bannon tells Asia Times: US election is all about China
In an exclusive interview, Steve Bannon pulls no punches on what he really thinks about China and Trump's re-election chances
by David P. Goldman June 12, 2020 June 18, 2020
Steve Bannon is on a campaign to turn global opinion against China's ruling Communist Party. Image: Facebook/Yahoo
Steve Bannon, former senior White House strategist and CEO of Donald Trump's winning 2016 presidential campaign, believes China will be center stage at the upcoming US presidential election.
Trump was lagging in the polls against Democratic rival Hillary Clinton when Bannon joined the campaign in August 2016. The former investment banker is widely credited with designing Trump's successful economic populism and attacks on Clinton's alleged corruption during the campaign's last three months.
Today, Bannon denies rumors that he will take an official role in Trump's 2020 re-election campaign, but he strongly advises the president to focus on China – particularly on what he calls the Chinese Communist Party's "war" on the United States, and on Democratic candidate Joe Biden's China connections.
He holds the Chinese Communist Party responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic and its economic consequences, and sees no room for compromise with the rising superpower. Bannon says he wants to help the Chinese people overthrow the Communist Party and advises a self-styled government-in-the-wings, what he terms the "Federal State of China."
Bannon spoke to Asia Times' Deputy Editor David P Goldman via telephone from Washington, DC. The transcript is lightly edited for grammar but is otherwise reproduced verbatim.
Asia Times: Steve Bannon, you were President Trump's key strategist in 2016. I'd like to ask you first, how do you see the 2020 election shaping up? And as a follow-up question, what advice would you give to President Trump this time on how to conduct his campaign?
Bannon: I stepped in as CEO on mid-August down, I don't know, eight, 10, 12, 14 points, depending on the poll you were looking at the time. But, David, there are only two numbers, as I told him over that weekend, that mattered.
And one was right track-wrong track. The country was still saying that two-thirds thought the country was on the wrong track. And the other was Pat Caddell's very important research called the Smith Project that showed that middle-class and working-class Americans for the first time in our country's history felt the country is on the decline by a majority and that the elites didn't care about it.
Trump already had it. He had been running on it, just got a little off focus. He had to go back and refocus on running against Hillary Clinton as a globalist who is part of that cadre, that that was at the cutting edge of the management of the country in four years.
Trump has been fighting in DC since the beginning against the managed decline of the country. And I think this is shaping up to be even more of a fight of the kind of nationalist versus globalist.
I think China will be at the centerpiece of that. The Democrats could not have selected a worse candidate to make an argument to the American people than Joe Biden. So I think 2020 is really a continuation almost of 2016. We still have not worked through these issues. Remember, the campaign slogan was "Make America Great Again."
I said that that is going to be a generational struggle. You're not going to wave a magic wand. I think 2020 is shaping up in the last 150 days to be just this classic counter of the globalism of Joe Biden and the Wall Street faction of the Democratic Party versus the economic nationalism and populism of Trump and potentially some slice of the Bernie [Sanders] contingent.
Asia Times: Now, there has been an apparent drop in Trump's numbers in the polls in the past couple of weeks since the uproar over the death of George Floyd. Do you have any thoughts about how the civil unrest and protests are going to influence voters between now and November?
Bannon: That's why I think I'm honored to be given an interview in the Asia Times, which is such an important voice and platform in Asia. I believe the 21st century is the Asian century, the Pacific century. And that's why, as a young man, I left home and went to the Pacific fleet. I've had a great affinity for the Pacific, a great affinity for Asia. And now is the Asia moment.
I actually think the numbers were dropping even before the murder of Mr Floyd by these former police officers. I think it's directly tied to China. I think there first was the pandemic, then the pandemic triggered an economic crisis. That was twofold.
One was the drop in aggregate demand. The other was that the supply chains, both the medical supply chains and the underlying manufacturing supply chains. And that triggered a financial crisis. Remember, the only way we've gotten through – we've bridged this essentially with a $6 trillion bazooka by the Federal Reserve, which is unheard of in American history.
It's already started to raise the issues of the concentration of wealth that we saw happen after President [Barack] Obama's solution to the 2008 financial crisis. We may have had this turbocharged in this [situation]. So these issues preceded Mr Floyd's murder.
And I would actually argue that many of the aspects of Mr Floyd's murder are driven also by the CCP [Communist Party of China]. Think about it. Mr Floyd was murdered by these police officers. However, we now know from the autopsy he had Covid-19, which came from the CCP. Whether it came from a lab or part of a biological weapons program is beside the point.
We know that they didn't take the actions they should have taken back in December when they knew about this. So Mr Floyd had Covid-19. He also had fentanyl in his system. Fentanyl is the drug the CCP is pushing through the cartels up to the upper Midwest, particularly all those areas where, guess what, all the manufacturing jobs are gone. Mr Floyd never had access to a great manufacturing job.
The last thing is that Mr Floyd was called upon because he appeared to be inadvertently passing a phoney $20 bill. If it turns out the CCP, they just captured on the Canadian border back in January, $900,000. Now, they weren't 20s but they were counterfeit currency.
So the converging forces of Asia led to Mr Floyd's current situation, his life, that he was sick. He had drugs in his system. He didn't have a great job. And he was passing counterfeit money. All four of those come from Beijing, essentially.
This confrontation with the Chinese Communist Party, I believe, will be the single defining aspect of 2020. And yes, I think for President Trump, because I think he's just getting the sea legs now. Focusing on the law and order aspect of this, he was kind of quiet for the first week, as are the poll numbers.
Both US President Donald Trump and presidential contender Joe Biden are running on strongly anti-China campaigns. Photo: Twitter/Getty/AFP
His poll numbers are not great. Nobody can deny that. The Detroit Free Press has Joe Biden up 14 points in Michigan. CNN has Biden up nationally by 14 points. CNN has the intensity level of Biden at its all-time high at 60%.
These are big numbers. It's going to be a real fight. Right now, the odds are against him, because it's just where the numbers are. Nobody can deny that. However, I think economic war against the United States is going to be [at] the absolute center of this 2020 campaign.
Asia Times: But let me ask you a double question. First, what would you advise President Trump to do? And since we're in a newspaper in Asia read by Asian governments, what would you advise the government of China to do?
Bannon: Well, I think that the government of China is a group of gangsters. I think the Chinese Communist Party is completely illegitimate. I think they are a group of gangsters. I think what they've done to the Chinese people is horrific.
I think what they've done as far as taking away the Chinese people's freedom and what they've done with the Uighurs, the Tibetan Buddhists, the underground House Church Christians, the underground Catholic Church, the Falun Gong and the democracy movement is outrageous.
And they should be confronted at every level by every government – the governments of Taiwan and Japan and South Korea and India and Singapore to Vietnam. Every one of the governments in Asia essentially understands it has to be on watch about what the Chinese Communist Party is up to.
Which is always no good. You see right now in the South China Sea where they've militarized the [sea] and they're pushing towards a kinetic confrontation. There you see on the border of India where they have 10,000 combat troops.
The Chinese Communist Party, to me, is the unfinished work of the 20th century. Now, what advice would I give President Trump here? I would advise to intensify that right now. The CCP is in a hot information/cyber war and a hot economic war against the United States. And they've been at that for a while.
And President Trump's the only president in American history that has stood up to the Chinese Communist Party. And I think now is the time to even take it up a notch. And I think you're seeing this across the United States government. I think you're seeing a whole of government approach led by people like Secretary [of State Mike] Pompeo. You can see now in Congress, you've got people like in the Senate, Marco Rubio, Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley.
The American government and the American people are now engaged in this confrontation that the Chinese Communist Party has had against the country. And I think for President Trump, my recommendation would be: You've done an amazing job so far. You stood up to the CCP. They're not backing down, although I say they're a group of criminals. I've never said they're not very smart and they're very tough. And so I keep saying that Hong Kong is Austria in 1938.
And we know if you don't stand up to these dictatorships, what happens? They never stop and they never blink. So that's why Hong Kong, I think, is in such a particularly volatile situation. And I believe that the United States right now and President Trump should pull the underlining trade agreements, anything that allows any kind of fair trade, I think, to sanction the companies that do business with the CCP in Hong Kong.
And I think you ought to sanction the banks. I think you ought to make it impossible for the Chinese Communist Party to use Hong Kong as a capital market, which they've done for many decades.
Asia Times: In other words, you're saying that the United States financial system should sanction Hong Kong at a level that we sanction, for example, Iran.
Bannon: Even more so, I think. I don't think we've done even a good enough job. We've allowed a lot. I don't think we've ever done the type of secondary sanctions in a war that could choke down the mullahs immediately. Let's face it, Iran and China, the CCP, are partners.
And that's one of the reasons the CCP spreads its darkness throughout the Middle East and particularly against our great ally, Israel. Iran is a is a mortal enemy of the Israeli people. Iran, the mullahs, are in business with the CCP.
The CCP keeps them going between the oil purchases and the loans. That's what keeps the mullahs on the lifeline. And I think actually our sanctions in Hong Kong should be even tougher. We got to have real secondary sanctions that choke down the financial system.
My recommendation is quite simple. The Chinese Communist Party should be cut off from all avenues of Western capital and they should be cut off from all avenues of Western technology.
Steve Bannon points to China as the root of many of America's ills. Image: AFP
Here's the reason. In the spring of May 2020, basically a year ago, the Chinese Communist Party, after the One Belt, One Road conference, made a decision to decouple from the West technologically. They made a decision to go on their own technology standards virtually at the same time.
They had [Chinese Vice-Premier] Liu He tell [US Special Trade Representative Robert] Lighthizer we can't sign the Lighthizer deal that Lighthizer worked for under President Trump for 18 months. That deal would have totally integrated the system in China into the world's economic system. They made a conscious decision to decouple from the West.
In the spring of 2019 the subsequent deal they cut, the trade deal, was just a deal that made sure they had access to agricultural products and to do some some stuff on IP [intellectual property] reform.
[That was] after seeing how successful the rollout of One Belt, One Road was on the rollout of 5G, of quantum computing, under Huawei was going. And after seeing how they were winning on Made in China 2025, the convergence of advanced chip design of robotics, artificial intelligence and maybe even biotechnology. They believe they had a winning hand in 2019 and that Donald Trump was the only obstacle.
They would not give Trump the big victory and basically signed what they considered a treaty from the 19th century with the West. It was no more kowtowing to the West, but they made a decision to decouple since that time. They have been, I believe, engaged in information and economic war against the West.
Their entire focus is going to be to control the Eurasian landmass with their partners Pakistan, Iran, Turkey and Russia. And once they've done that, at the same time, pushing, pushing the West, pushing the United States to back off of the Eurasian landmass into the Pacific, at least a thousand miles back to Guam.
Only at that time will they, would they then start to focus on Europe, sub-Saharan Africa and in the Western Hemisphere to become a global head. They will consolidate the Eurasian landmass first. And I think they're well down the path of trying to do this.
The only way to stop is … I think you're seeing a nascent alliance with Japan, with Australia, with India, with Vietnam, with the little nations of [and] around the South China Sea and the Straits of Malacca. And I think that that coalition will sort this out.
Asia Times: Special Trade Representative Lighthizer spoke recently before the Economic Club of New York. He said that he was comfortable with the "phase one" trade deal and he praised the Chinese for making progress on structural reforms. The tone we're hearing from Mr Lighthizer is quite different. It's more conciliatory. What is the state of play in the administration?
Bannon: President Trump is trying to work with the Chinese Communist Party and trying to work out a confrontation that leads to an accommodation that works for both. Lighthizer is a good man. He's been a fabulous trade representative and really has been President Trump's best partner.
He and [White House economic adviser] Peter Navarro are getting this done. And I think to the degree that he feels comfortable talking in public because he's been working with the reformer group, which is led by Liu He, to try to do some modicum amount of structural changes. That comes from the IP concerns and obviously the big agriculture purchase.
But we'll have to see. You know, Forbes magazine is reporting today that [it] doesn't look like China is going to live up to the terms of the trade deal, doesn't live up to the agricultural purchases because they can't financially or they don't have the demand or they're just going to not do it. We don't know yet. But I think Lighthizer, who is a terrific guy, is putting the best face on it.
Chinese Vice Premier Liu He (R) with US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin (C) and Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer in Beijing. Photo AFP
The reality is he negotiated an incredibly serious deal over 18 months of continuous negotiation with the reformer group led by Liu He, and took care of the seven deadly sins of the Chinese economy, including the continual funding of state-owned industries and exporting deflation and overcapacity throughout the world and forced technology transfers across the board.
All seven were taken care of. You had both visibility. You had accountability. And you had enforceability. So they had the three legs of the stool to actually make a treaty that really worked. And I think this is why the hardliners and the ultra-hawks in China made the decision to decouple on a technology basis because they didn't want to be in a situation where ZTE or Huawei would be in a position that the West has leverage over them.
They decided to back out of true structural reform of the Chinese economy. Bob Lighthizer knows that this is what the Chinese walked away from. The deal we have today is nowhere near what that is. Remember, President Trump is the one that I think is most in shock about what [Chinese President] Xi [Jinping] did.
He sent over a team to sign, that signed a document on the 12th, 13th, 14th of January. At the time they knew that they had an epidemic in Hebei province already that was leading to a pandemic. So I think that he has been quite disappointed. And I think Bob Lighthizer is putting the best face on [it], as he should.
Asia Times: So from our standpoint, it's possible to get back to a situation that we had before January in which there was an understanding that certain reforms would take place.
Bannon: Hang on, hang on. Hang on, hang on. Hang on, hang on. Hang on, hang on. Let me disagree with something. I don't think Lighthizer or anybody thinks that there's a possibility to get back to that.
May I say it was May 3 of 2019 when they announced unilaterally [that] basically they weren't going to sign it. I don't think Lighthizer, Navarro, anybody, [National Economic Council Chairman Larry] Kudlow, [Treasury Secretary Steven] Mnuchin, anybody in the US government thinks there's any chance that we will get back to the May 2019 deal.
Let's be brutally frank. That's the only deal that's going to work. If you don't fully integrate [China] into the world economy, and you don't do it with visibility on what's going on, accountability and enforceability, it's never going to work. And if you can't get back to that deal, we may struggle through some half-measures. And look, it's a noble effort that Lighthizer is doing. I refer to Bob Lighthizer as the tragic figure of this story, because he kind of gambled everything and had a deal that I think would have led to global prosperity and peace.
And the Chinese Communist Party made a conscious decision to say no to that deal. In doing so, and decoupling technologically from the West with their own set of standards that are rolled out over the next couple of years, they have basically said we're going to go our own way and we are determined to become a hegemon in Asia and then to become a global hegemon.
Asia Times: What's your advice? If you were to give advice to the government of China, listening to you here, we would hear: "Go back to where you were in May."
Bannon: My advice to the government [of China] is quite simple. Dissolve yourself. Declare immediately that you're going to go to democratic institutions and a democratic form of government – to immediate land reform, to immediate personal property reform. Tear down the firewall. Allow the great and noble Chinese people to finally be free.
It is outrageous in the 21st century, in starting the third decade of the 21st century, that the Chinese people, of all people on Earth, do not have free, unfettered access to the Internet, do not have land reform, do not have personal property rights, do not have freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of religion.
It is stunningly outrageous. And hundreds of years from now, when they look back at this time, when the Chinese people eventually have their freedom, they will be stunned that the global elites of the world, the party of Davos, the intellectual, the cultural, the financial and the corporate elites allowed this to happen and supported enslaving the Chinese people. People would be stunned, just like your children, when they look back over time and say, how could people have slaves?
A screen shows the result of the vote on a proposal to draft a security law on Hong Kong during the closing session of the National People's Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on May 28, 2020. Photo: AFP/Nicolas Asfouri
Well, here the Chinese people are basically under the last dictatorship of the 20th century. And the world's global elites are the ones that have been their business partners. And to me, it's stunning. So my advice to the Chinese can be very simple. Dissolve immediately, turn into a China. It's a democratic country. Let people vote one man, one vote. Tear down the firewall and just let them [have the] basic human rights that other people have.
Freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of religion. And just let it rip. And China will become an amazingly prosperous, healthy and happy country over the coming decades.
Asia Times: The United States issued a national security strategy last month in which it said that the United States still holds to the one China policy and specifically said that the United States does not seek regime change in China. So are you suggesting that we should change that policy and our official policy should be regime change?
Bannon: In fact, I am an adviser to this new government that's been formed, of the new Federal State of China, which is a collection of high-net-worth individuals and sports and cultural figures throughout the world, expatriates that advocate for taking down the CCP. It's obvious that the Chinese Communist Party is at war with their people, at war with the United States, as we know from unrestricted warfare.
Their view of war is very sophisticated. It deals in information deals and cyber deals and economics and kinetic. There's certainly not a kinetic war. But more importantly, they're conducting an information hot war. And an economic war. It's not the US that has forced their hand or demanded. But I don't think that the Chinese people can be prosperous and free, I don't think Asia can be free, until we've had regime change in Beijing. And I am an absolute advocate of that.
Asia Times: Well, Steve, as a practical matter, cutting off Chinese trade would have pretty severe consequences for a number of places in Asia. Roughly 60% of all Asian trade is inside Asia. South Korea – China is its largest trading partner, exports twice as much to China as it does to the United States. How do we know that the Asian littoral wouldn't stick with its biggest trading partner, namely China?
Bannon: One simple fact is that they understand that if they make that decision inside the CCP's sphere of influence, eventually their freedoms will be gone. They will be a hard tributary state. And I don't believe that even with an economic speed bump or two, that any of the free countries and all areas of Asia will consciously make that decision.
From Vietnam to South Korea to Japan, the Philippines, to India, Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia – all of them understand right now that it may be a better economic relationship, but if they make that deal, if they make that deal, that eventually they are immediately a tributary of the CCP and then eventually their freedoms will be gone. And I don't think one of those countries would ever do that to their people.
Asia Times: Certainly none of the Asian countries would like to have to make that choice. I think most of them probably would prefer the status quo.
Bannon: The status quo is not sustainable because the CCP is not allowing it to be. The CCP, that's the aggressor, not the West, and certainly not the free nations of Asia. It is the CCP that is the aggressor here.
Asia Times: Let's go back to the US election for a second. Is this a message that President Trump could explain to the American people? And it is a winning message for November for him?
Bannon: I think it's definitely a winning message. I think whoever convinces the American people that they can confront the Chinese Communist Party now and stop their actions will be, will be the winner. And I think that's why Joe Biden is so weak.
Let's be brutal. It was President Obama who said my foreign policy is going to be the "pivot" to Asia. Right. He was deputized to do that. Because remember, President Obama ran as a populist anti-war candidate in the primaries in Iowa, New Hampshire. That's one of the reasons he beat Hillary Clinton and the Wall Street faction that controls the Democratic Party.
They didn't think Obama had enough international experience. That's why Joe Biden was put on that. He has been head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for, what, 20, 25 years, into every debacle we've ever had, every terrible treaty ever made.
Biden was deputized by Obama to be the wingman on the "pivot" to Asia. And it's an unmitigated disaster. The deal that Xi came over and signed, I think, this fall on the 14th of September, the state visit, it talked about no more cyber intrusions and demilitarization of the South China Sea – it was all a lie. There were more cyber intrusions six months after than there were before. And in the end, the militarization of the South China Sea continued unabated.
China's Liaoning carrier during a naval exercise held in the South China Sea in April 2018. Photo: Weibo via VCG
Joe Biden failed Obama and failed the country at every step of the way of his relationship of negotiating the relationship between America and China. One of the reasons we're in this jam today is President Trump had this debacle handed to him by the Obama administration.
And remember the entire apparatus – I don't call it the deep state because it's up in your face – the entire apparatus is focused on the Middle East. There was Trump's great heroic effort with this team. He brought in people from Navarro to Pompeo and shifted to a whole of government approach to the confrontation, to the Chinese Communist Party.
And so Biden has been a disaster since his advocacy of China in the WTO [World Trade Organization] and most favored nation status and all the trade deals, every terrible trade deal, everything that destroyed manufacturing in the upper Midwest. Joe Biden is not going to win because in the fall of 2020, the American people are not going to vote for pro-CCP fellow traveler globalists.
I hammer this point home just like I was the leading advocate of [emphasizing] the corruption and incompetence of Hillary Clinton that eventually stuck. President Trump made that his theme in the last 90 days of this campaign, to hammer her in the greatest come from behind [victory] in American political history.
I think the same thing will happen here. The American people don't know Joe Biden's record. In the last 150 days of this election they're going to know chapter and verse. His record is horrific. And I'm not even including the corruption of his family and the money they've made with the CCP, the money they've made in private equity with the Chinese Communist Party, the companies they've invested in.
He, his son, the Bidens, are corrupt and they're incompetent. They've sold out this country. He's a fellow traveler running dog for the Chinese Communist Party. And I intend to spend every day of 150 left to remind the American people of exactly who he is and what he is doing.
Asia Times: There has been some speculation that you might become officially involved in 2020. Do you see any possibility of an official role for yourself?
Bannon: Zero. I've got so much activity on the outside. I've got my partner, Jason Miller, who is my partner on the [radio] show, just went to take a senior position in the campaign. I have many, many friends and colleagues who I think are going to go back and take a more active role.
I think President Trump will get around him a team with killers. One hundred and twenty percent of my time right now is spent on taking down the Chinese Communist Party, with the Committee on the Present Danger. The Rule of Law Society, now the new Federal State of China. I have a great affinity for the Chinese people. Great love for China. And it's kind of my life's work now. President Trump, I love the guy.
I support him every day. I support his work. I do everything on the outside. I have a two-hour TV show that goes everywhere. I think they've got the right team, I think, to bring in the right people. And I will be there hammering on the outside. And quite frankly, I think, I think I can be more effective in specifically going after Joe Biden on the outside of the campaign than I could running the campaign.
So I think he's in good hands. I think they're very focused. I think this is shaping up to be exactly the race he wants to run. And it's all they have to do is get on with it.
Asia Times: Steve Bannon, you have been extremely generous with your time. There's one last question I want to raise. You spoke before about the impressive progress that China has made in terms of One Belt, One Road, in terms of telecommunications technology and many other areas in which they've invested.
As you know, the last People's Congress authorized $2.2 trillion of investment in high-tech R&D. The United States, as you pointed out, is spending $6 trillion to stabilize financial markets. But I haven't seen any discussion of a similar American approach to fostering high-tech to compete with China. How long can we throw our weight around to try to stop China without building up our own capacity?
Bannon: Look, I don't think it's throwing our weight around. I said this is why the Asia Times is so important, because it was one of the most important media platforms for the free people of Asia. I think what the United States is doing is trying to refocus and make the center of gravity of its foreign policy and international relationships, the Pacific and Asia.
I knew this back in 1977 when I first got to China in the South China Sea and came into Hong Kong on a Navy combatant and that this was the place to be. It's just so exciting. The people are so great. And all over Asia where I've gone. This is the Asian century. America is a Pacific power.
And so I think President Trump, what he's done is shifted the center of gravity of our foreign policy from the Atlantic, from the old world, really to the new world. And I think it's dynamic. I think it's fantastic.
Donald Trump congratulates Stephen Bannon during the swearing-in ceremony in the White House on January 22, 2017. Photo: AFP / Mandel Ngan
Remember, I said the CCP is evil. I never said they weren't smart and tough. Okay. They're very smart. And let's be honest – no nation on earth has ever run a geopolitical strategy like they've done. They've taken the three great geopolitical theories of the 20th century and they're the only nation on earth [that] is trying to do it all at one time.
They're doing [Halford] MacKinder's control, the Eurasian landmass, the One Belt, One Road. They're doing [Alfred Thayer] Mahan's naval strategy that the Royal Navy and the British Empire and the Americans inherited by cutting off, taking all trying to get control of all the naval choke points, of all the maritime choke points in the world. And they're even doing [Nicholas John Spykman's] rimland strategy by forcing the West, forcing the democracies, to a thousand miles off the rimland of Asia.
And I think in that regard, it shows you their geostrategic brains. They are evil, though. They're evil. They are truly an evil empire, just like the Nazis, just like the fascists, just like the Soviets. There's no difference. And here's the reason: they're a totalitarian dictatorship. They think nothing of the Chinese people.
You could tell that from what they did during the pandemic. Wouldn't you care if 50 million people died in Hubei province? It's always about the regime. It's all about the regime's material well-being. And so it's not that they're not smart.
And where they put their money is smart, I think. I'm an economic nationalist. I supported [former National Security Council staffer] General Spalding, when he came up with the idea of nationalizing the 5G system of the states. I was the leading advocate. I'm the leading advocate of breaking up big tech and making them public utilities.
I'm a big advocate of much more public investment into technology. So I think what the Chinese have done is quite smart. One of the great strategic advantages of the West are these capital markets. The CCP doesn't have them. And the reason that the CCP doesn't have them is that people understand they don't believe in the rule of law. Hong Kong is the best example of it.
The most significant treaty they signed in their entire existence was the turnover of Hong Kong. Why? Because it didn't deal in weapons. It didn't deal in material stuff. It didn't deal in trade. It dealt with human beings. It was basically trusting, what was it, six million living souls, to their care for 50 years in "one country, two systems." And they absolutely lied about it and they proved that to the world. This is why it's Austria in 1938.
They prove to the world that the CCP is good for nothing, that they stand for nothing except their own regime. And they are absolutely 100% against the free people, the world. And for the Asian people to be where they are today, to give that up to the Chinese Communist Party, would be one of the great outrages in history.
And so I think that freedom loving people, the United States people, want to confront the Chinese Communist Party and want to aid and assist the Chinese people, because only the Chinese people can overthrow the Chinese Communist Party. Nobody else can do that, but they can be assisted by well-meaning people throughout the rest of the world.
And that's why my life's work now is working on that very topic.
Asia Times: Steve Bannon, we thank you for this conversation.
Tagged: China, David P. Goldman, Donald Trump, Geopolitics, Steve Bannon, United States, US politics


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Home > Learn > ECC
The Rabbi Barry H. Greene Early Childhood Center
Countdown to ECCCountdown
Welcome to The Rabbi Barry H. Greene
"Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire."
~ William Butler Yeats
The Rabbi Barry H. Greene Early Childhood Center at Congregation B'nai Jeshurun provides the highest quality Early Childhood, Kindergarten, and After-School Programming in the tri-state area. With a philosophy and curricula that nurtures each child's unique growth and development, TBJ's mission is to foster a love of learning in every child. TBJ's warm, welcoming and inclusive environment serves children ages 4 months through 6 years.
At all grade levels our curriculum is child-centered, multisensory, play and thematically based and integrates all domains, including social-emotional development, oral language, literacy, emergent writing, science, technology, engineering, art, mathematics, (STEAM), social studies, music, languages, and physical development.
Small group instruction, differentiated teaching, and a multi-sensory approach ensures that TBJ students develop an authentic feeling of pride in true accomplishment, a growth mindset, grit, determination to persist at challenging tasks, optimism, confidence, and a love of learning that will promote success now and in the future. TBJ is truly a thriving learning community in which all children flourish!
Through the celebration of Shabbat, the Jewish holidays, Tikkun Olam, and our connection to Israel, our children experience the beauty and joy of their Jewish culture, tradition and heritage.
Our mission is to foster a love of learning in every child we teach. We achieve this goal by skillfully weaving meaningful, creative and enriching experiences into each and every day, empowering our students to follow their own curiosity, to think creatively, to work both independently and cooperatively with others, and to become self-confident, inquisitive and enthusiastic learners
Whether this is your child(ren)'s first school year at TBJ or your family has been with us for years, please know that you and your children have a home-away-from-home with us here in our ECC. The relationships and bonds that form within our doors and in the larger TBJ community, truly will transcend the early childhood years. We consider this precious time to be the foundation of what will hopefully be a lifetime of engagement in learning, curiosity, creativity, spirituality, friendship, kindness, gratitude, zest, and a love for others, life, and our planet.
We are proud that ECC Tuition includes Temple Membership at Congregation B'nai Jeshurun. Our clergy, faculty, and leadership hope you feel embraced by our thriving community and, in turn, embrace all the opportunities TBJ creates to live and learn, celebrate and flourish, in our Synagogue and School. If your oldest child is enrolled in our Early Childhood Center, membership is included with your child(ren)'s tuition.
Our Early Arrival and Extended Day Programs provide support to families in need of a longer school day. For information about TBJ's outstanding Early Childhood Programs, dynamic Kindergarten, After School Activities, Early Arrival Options, Extended Day Hours until 6:00 pm and/or to schedule a tour for the 2020-2021 school year please contact us at ecc@tbj.org or 973-671-6678.
Please take the opportunity to get involved in many of our ECC initiatives, to join our Parents' Association meetings and programs and to become a vital part of our warm & vibrant TBJ family! Most importantly, please know that we never take your trust for granted and we appreciate you entrusting us with your most precious gifts.
We look forward to partnering with you to experience the awe and amazement that comes with raising and teaching young children!
Michele Feingold
Director, Early Childhood Center
ECC 2020-2021 ENROLLMENT INFORMATION
If you are new to TBJ, prior to enrolling, please complete a Membership Form at www.tbj.org/form/tbjmembership
Current Members, please go to:
www.tbj.org ->My Account->Start Enrollment->
Scroll Down to ECC 2020/2021->Select Grade Level
Deposits are due at the time of enrollment. There is an option to pay by E-Check or Credit Card.
An ECC Initial Tuition Payment of $1,000 is due by March 30, 2020.
The balance can be paid in full by August 14, 2020 or you can set up a monthly payment plan from April 30, 2020 through December 31, 2020.
Both ECC Deposits and Initial Tuition Balance Payments are non-refundable and non-transferable to other "non-TBJ ECC" Temple programs.
A 20% Sibling Discount is credited to the younger sibling(s)'s tuition.
ECC Tuition includes Temple Membership at Congregation B'nai Jeshurun. Our clergy, leadership and faculty hope you feel embraced by our thriving community and, in turn, embrace all the opportunities TBJ creates to live and learn, celebrate and flourish, in our Synagogue and School.
ECC Allergy Information
ECC Emergency Treatment
Child and Family Information
Parent Optional Intake Form
Publicity and Facebook Authorization
Universal Child Health Record


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


'the same positive fragrance of purity' – The narrator idolises him. As she does not yet know him at all, she is judging him wholly by his appearance and, indeed, in the next sentence reveals him to be 'incredibly beautiful'.
'everything but a sort of passion of tenderness for him was swept away by his presence.' – It is reasonable to suggest here that the narrator is, effectively, 'falling in love' with Miles – or at least so her words suggest. In our own dark and suspicious times, this raises the spectre of paedophilia which James is certainly not suggesting, but if that spectre can be dispelled, rendering it possible to read The Turn of the Screw as its author intended, the reader should still sense the dangers of too great an emotional attachment developing here. Miles is only ten, but that is not too young to form a powerful emotional bond – a prepubescent crush even – on his pretty governess, who can be no older than twenty.
'his indescribable little air of knowing nothing in the world but love.' – This is a difficult phrase to pin down. Obviously, the narrator is idealising Miles to the point that he is more angel that human. However, there is, perhaps, a neediness about him (he has lost both his parents) which leads him to focus his affections on those around him: specifically the narrator. Both child and governess seem to instantly generate an ocean of affectionate feelings for one another.
' "[…] My dear woman, LOOK at him!"' – appearances again.
' "Nothing."' – In the governess's defence, she has specifically been told by the master of Bly to make such decisions, but this is still extraordinary. At ten years of age, Miles should certainly be enrolled in another school once the holidays are over. For all his determination to receive 'not a word', the master, too, should surely be consulted over the governess's apparent decision here to home educate Miles. It is a huge step to take. Miles himself questions it later on in the story and it is made clear as well that the governess is not actually competent to teach him at the level of education he has already reached. It is difficult not to draw the conclusion that a certain possessiveness about Miles is already developing in the governess's heart.
' "To kiss me? No!"' – The narrator and Mrs Grose form a dangerous combination. Both are rather foolish, and both encourage one another in their 'worship' of Miles and Flora.
'What I look back at with amazement is the situation I accepted.' – The 'older' narrator looks back here on your younger self, 'amazed' at the decision she has just recorded. Her (rare) comments are important for an accurate assessment of her younger self's behaviour and they are telling: 'I was lifted aloft on a great wave of infatuation and pity'; 'my ignorance, my confusion, and perhaps my conceit'. She also states that she cannot even recall what she planned to do at the end of Miles's school holidays. It is quite probable, in fact, that she didn't have any plan at all.


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Andrew Suarez threw 68 strikes in a road win against the Arizona Diamondbacks.
San Francisco Giants starting pitcher Derek Holland gestures towards the catcher on July 1, 2018, during the Arizona Diamondback's matchup against the San Francisco Giants at Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona.
In his MLB debut two months ago, San Francisco left-hander Andrew Suarez posted seven strikeouts, but the Diamondbacks jumped him for four runs en route to a win.
The Miami native was able to exact his revenge, putting up another an impressive stat line against the Diamondbacks, but more importantly ensuring his team got a much-needed road win with a 2-1 victory Friday night. Coming into the series opener at Chase Field, the Giants were 16-26 away from home.
But Suarez didn't compound his mistakes after giving up those singles, which allowed the Giants to get out of multiple jams with Diamondbacks runners in scoring position. He threw 101 pitches (68 strikes) in six innings, allowing seven hits and one earned run. He walked two and struck out five Diamondbacks.
Suarez's only run allowed was in the bottom of the sixth inning when Jake Lamb's sacrifice fly brought home Ketel Marte.
"We had bases loaded, a couple guys on and Lamb did a great job getting that run in with the sac fly," center fielder Chris Owings said. "If that ball goes over his head or a couple things go our way, we could be on top right there."
The rookie showed that he has learned quickly since the Diamondbacks saw him last in April. In that game, first baseman Paul Goldschmidt hit a two-run home run off Suarez but was held in check on Friday night with a 1-for-3 performance from the plate.
"He looked like he'd improved. He hid the ball well," said Owings, who had two singles against Suarez. "He mixed it up. That first at-bat, he threw some fastballs and got ahead with the curveball."
Multiple players in the Diamondbacks' lineup noticed the improvement in Suarez's performance, especially his ability to disguise pitches.
"He was mixing it up really well, moving the ball around to all four quadrants," catcher Jeff Mathis said. "Tip your cap to the guy. He had us off-balance there. Even some of the hits that we got weren't super squared up. He threw the ball well."
Bochy mentioned after the game that the Giants will have some tough decision to make due to how well their young pitchers -- like Suarez -- are performing. Suarez was brought up when Johnny Cueto suffered a right elbow strain that landed him on the 60-day disabled list, but the veteran is eligible to return on June 30.
How are the Diamondbacks scoring runs without getting hits?


Dr. H. Gobind Khorana, the Nobel Laureate died of natural causes in Concord, Massachusetts last month on November 9 at the age of 89. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley. For the first time he and his team succeeded in synthesizing a synthetic gene consisting of 77 nitrogenous .
bases. It was double stranded helical like the natural DNA. It was neither seen replicating nor found to synthesize the alanine t-RNA. Finally the molecular biologists were able to activate it when the necessary components of the gene were supplied. Now with sophisticated equipments a gene can be sequenced, synthesized, replicate and function. The present generation of mol. Biologists does not realize how difficult it was to synthesize a gene and made to work only forty years ago. GNOBB has the pleasure of reproducing a letter from Dr. Autar Mattoo (written to Prof. Zeba Seraj) in appreciation of the great qualities of the Nobel Laureate. The purpose of reproducing this letter is to enumerate qualities of great men which the present generation of scientists may like to emulate in order to achieve success in their scientific career.


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November's Publishing Tip comes to you from Kari Jones, an instructor in the Department of English at Camosun College. In addition to teaching, Kari writes books for kids, including Out of Season, which has been translated into five languages. Her most recent kid's story is So Much for Democracy.
Self-publishing is becoming more accessible and acceptable to serious writers, but there are still a lot of us who prefer to work with traditional publishing houses. However, the vast and quickly changing world of traditional publishing can be daunting to enter into.
There are a couple of different approaches to submitting manuscripts for publishing. One is the "mass submission," where you send out your manuscript to all the publishers you can find and hope that one responds favourably. That approach requires a lot of emotional fortitude, however, so I advocate for a second, more targeted approach. Finding a publisher who is likely to want to consider your manuscript seriously takes some work, but the pay-off is that you are less likely to receive a rejection.
Looking for the right publisher can start as early as when you're working on your manuscript. I write for children, so when I'm about to embark on a new writing project, I think about what age group my story is for, then I take a look at some publishers' guidelines to get a sense what kind of characters and stories publishers are looking for. This doesn't mean I'll change my story, but usually I will try to use the publishers' submissions guidelines as, well, guidelines. If I were writing stories for adults, I'd think about what genre my story might fit in, then I'd look around to see what publishers are publishing in that genre these days.
There are a couple of advantages to this approach. First, you know you are writing something that at least in theory is publishable. Knowing in advance what publishers of, say, historical mysteries, have released recently, gives you a sense of how your story fits in with what's out there in that genre. Don't get me wrong—I'm not suggesting following trends or allowing the market to drive your work. I am suggesting you know what's out there and who's publishing it.
The second advantage to this approach is that it gives you an opportunity to read widely in your genre and get a sense of the stories each publisher likes. This way, when you are ready to submit your own work, you know which publishers are likely to want to take a look at your story.
The first step in any submissions process is to make sure that your manuscript is polished. Shine up those verbs. Make your nouns sparkle. Scrub away any extra wordiness. Book publishers are busy people, and they receive many, many manuscripts. Put yourself in their shoes. Would you want to read a less-than-finished book manuscript?
Some of the bigger publishing houses will only accept submissions from literary agents, but there are still many independent publishers who will seriously consider submissions from un-agented Canadian writers. Starting your search may seem intimidating, but taking a good look through a number of publishers' websites should help you sort out who is publishing what. The Association of Canadian Publishers has a very comprehensive listing of Canadian publishers under their "Search Members" tab. They've provided a number of categories to search by, making this a user friendly and informative list.
If you are writing for children and youth, there's no better place to go for a list of publishers than the Canadian Children's Book Centre.
If you haven't found a suitable publisher yet through one of those lists, you can always try the Canadian Literature listing. Theirs is alphabetical, so less easy to use unless you know the name of the publisher you're looking for.
And if you are looking to place something shorter, a short story, perhaps, then take a look at The National Magazine Awards' guide to Canadian Literary Journals. It seems to be a pretty comprehensive list.


text:
Border gunbattles leave 11 dead in northern Mexico
CIUDAD VICTORIA, Mexico — A running series of gunbattles caused at least 11 deaths in the northern Mexico border state of Tamauilpas, authorities said Monday.
Officials said the shootouts in the border city of Reynosa and the nearby town of Rio Bravo started late Sunday. Gunmen hijacked vehicles and used them to block streets, and spread bent nails to puncture tires to facilitate their getaways. Authorities called in a helicopter to support ground patrols moving to break up the roadblocks.
One group of four gunmen was killed near a gas station after they opened fire on a military patrol, officials said. Three other bodies were discovered at other points around Rio Bravo.
Police found 13 improvised armoured vehicles, which are usually light trucks with welded steel plating. Such vehicles are often used by drug gangs in Tamaulipas. Officers also found six hand grenades, 17 40-mm rifle-launched grenades and about three dozen guns, including a .50-calibre sniper rifle.
The dead included a man apparently killed by assailants after he and a child sought shelter from gunfire in a house on their way to school. The man and child emerged from the house when the shooting died down temporarily, and that is when the man was hit.
Three people also were killed in what appeared to be targeted shootings in the town of Padilla, farther south.
Reynosa is across the border from McAllen, Texas, and has been the scene of turf battles between factions of the Gulf cartel.
In Chihuahua, another northern border state, prosecutors said Monday that the death toll from a shootout in the remote mountain town of Uruachi had risen to seven. About 100 state police officers were sent to the town after the Friday gunfight, which apparently involved a dispute between rival gunmen.


Dr. Naira Gevorgyan specializes in Aesthetic and Cosmetic Dentistry, with emphasis on Veneers, Lumineers, Onlays and Inlays and all types of cosmetic crowns. She has over 15 years of experience as an associate dentist in numerous highly regarded dental clinics in California. She always strives to provide the best possible dental care and ensures complete patient satisfaction.
Dr. Armen Minasyan specializes in surgical and complicated extractions, including fully impacted wisdom teeth.