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They Write the Right Stuff
As the 120-ton space shuttle sits surrounded by almost 4 million pounds of rocket fuel, exhaling noxious fumes, visibly impatient to defy gravity, its on-board computers take command.
[Photo: Flickr user Matthew Simantov]
By Charles Fishman long Read
The right stuff kicks in at T-minus 31 seconds.
As the 120-ton space shuttle sits surrounded by almost 4 million pounds of rocket fuel, exhaling noxious fumes, visibly impatient to defy gravity, its on-board computers take command. Four identical machines, running identical software, pull information from thousands of sensors, make hundreds of milli-second decisions, vote on every decision, check with each other 250 times a second. A fifth computer, with different software, stands by to take control should the other four malfunction.
At T-minus 6.6 seconds, if the pressures, pumps, and temperatures are nominal, the computers give the order to light the shuttle main engines — each of the three engines firing off precisely 160 milliseconds apart, tons of super-cooled liquid fuel pouring into combustion chambers, the ship rocking on its launch pad, held to the ground only by bolts. As the main engines come to one million pounds of thrust, their exhausts tighten into blue diamonds of flame.
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Then and only then at T-minus zero seconds, if the computers are satisfied that the engines are running true, they give the order to light the solid rocket boosters. In less than one second, they achieve 6.6 million pounds of thrust. And at that exact same moment, the computers give the order for the explosive bolts to blow, and 4.5 million pounds of spacecraft lifts majestically off its launch pad.
It's an awesome display of hardware prowess. But no human pushes a button to make it happen, no astronaut jockeys a joy stick to settle the shuttle into orbit.
The right stuff is the software. The software gives the orders to gimbal the main engines, executing the dramatic belly roll the shuttle does soon after it clears the tower. The software throttles the engines to make sure the craft doesn't accelerate too fast. It keeps track of where the shuttle is, orders the solid rocket boosters to fall away, makes minor course corrections, and after about 10 minutes, directs the shuttle into orbit more than 100 miles up. When the software is satisfied with the shuttle's position in space, it orders the main engines to shut down — weightlessness begins and everything starts to float.
But how much work the software does is not what makes it remarkable. What makes it remarkable is how well the software works. This software never crashes. It never needs to be re-booted. This software is bug-free. It is perfect, as perfect as human beings have achieved. Consider these stats : the last three versions of the program — each 420,000 lines long-had just one error each. The last 11 versions of this software had a total of 17 errors. Commercial programs of equivalent complexity would have 5,000 errors.
This software is the work of 260 women and men based in an anonymous office building across the street from the Johnson Space Center in Clear Lake, Texas, southeast of Houston. They work for the "on-board shuttle group," a branch of Lockheed Martin Corps space mission systems division, and their prowess is world renowned: the shuttle software group is one of just four outfits in the world to win the coveted Level 5 ranking of the federal governments Software Engineering Institute (SEI) a measure of the sophistication and reliability of the way they do their work. In fact, the SEI based it standards in part from watching the on-board shuttle group do its work.
The group writes software this good because that's how good it has to be. Every time it fires up the shuttle, their software is controlling a $4 billion piece of equipment, the lives of a half-dozen astronauts, and the dreams of the nation. Even the smallest error in space can have enormous consequences: the orbiting space shuttle travels at 17,500 miles per hour; a bug that causes a timing problem of just two-thirds of a second puts the space shuttle three miles off course.
NASA knows how good the software has to be. Before every flight, Ted Keller, the senior technical manager of the on-board shuttle group, flies to Florida where he signs a document certifying that the software will not endanger the shuttle. If Keller can't go, a formal line of succession dictates who can sign in his place.
Bill Pate, who's worked on the space flight software over the last 22 years, [/url]says the group understands the stakes: "If the software isn't perfect, some of the people we go to meetings with might die.
Software is everything. (It also sucks.)
In the history of human technology, nothing has become as essential as fast as software.
Virtually everything — from the international monetary system and major power plants to blenders and microwave ovens — runs on software. In office buildings, the elevators, the lights, the water, the air conditioning are all controlled by software. In cars, the transmission, the ignition timing, the air bag, even the door locks are controlled by software. In most cities so are the traffic lights. Almost every written communication that's more complicated than a postcard depends on software; every phone conversation and every overnight package delivery requires it.
Software is everything. It also sucks.
"It's like pre-Sumerian civilization," says Brad Cox, who wrote the software for Steve Jobs NeXT computer and is a professor at George Mason University. "The way we build software is in the hunter-gatherer stage."
John Munson, a software engineer and professor of computer science at the University of Idaho, is not quite so generous. "Cave art," he says. "It's primitive. We supposedly teach computer science. There's no science here at all."
Software may power the post-industrial world, but the creation of software remains a pre-industrial trade. According to SEI's studies, nearly 70% of software organizations are stuck in the first two levels of SEI's scale of sophistication: chaos, and slightly better than chaos. The situation is so severe, a few software pioneers from companies such as Microsoft have broken away to teach the art of software creation (see "Drop and Code me Twenty!" )
Mark Paulk, a senior member of the SEI technical, says the success of software makes its weaknesses all the more dramatic. "We've developed software products that are enormously complex and enormously powerful. We're critically dependent on it," says Paulk. "Yet everyone complains how bad software is, with all the defects. If you bought a car with 5,000 defects, you'd be very upset."
In this software morass, the on-board shuttle group stands out as an exception. Ten years ago the shuttle group was considered world-class. Since then, it has cut its own error rate by 90%.
To be this good, the on-board shuttle group has to be very different — the antithesis of the up-all-night, pizza-and-roller-hockey software coders who have captured the public imagination. To be this good, the on-board shuttle group has to be very ordinary — indistinguishable from any focused, disciplined, and methodically managed creative enterprise.
In fact, the group offers a set of textbook lessons that applies equally to programmers, in particular, and producers, in general. A look at the culture they have built and the process they have perfected shows what software-writing must become if software is to realize its promise, and illustrates what almost any team-based operation can do to boost its performance to achieve near-perfect results.
Software for Grown-Ups
"Shipping hell continued today. Grind, grind, grind. We'll never make it. Have I said that already? Why do we always underestimate our shipping schedules? I just don't understand. In at 9:30 AM; out at 11:30 PM Dominos for dinner. And three diet Cokes."
No, it's not the on-board shuttle group. It's Douglas Coupland's "Microserf's," a true-to-life fictional account of life in the software-fast-lane. And it's the dominant image of the software development world: Gen-Xers sporting T-shirts and distracted looks, squeezing too much heroic code writing into too little time; rollerblades and mountain bikes tucked in corners; pizza boxes and Starbucks cups discarded in conference rooms; dueling tunes from Smashing Pumpkins, Alanis Morrisette and the Fugees. Its the world made famous, romantic, even inevitable by stories out of Sun Microsystems, Microsoft, and Netscape.
It's not the story of the on-board shuttle group. Their quarters are a study in white-collar pedestrian. The most striking thing is how ordinary they look. Other than the occasional bit of shuttle memorabilia, you could be in the offices of any small company or government agency. Everyone has his or her own small office, and the offices have desks, PCs, and sparse personal artifacts. People wear moderately dressy clothes to work, neat but nothing flashy, certainly nothing grungy.
It's strictly an 8-to-5 kind of place — there are late nights, but they're the exception. The programmers are intense, but low-key. Many of them have put in years of work either for IBM (which owned the shuttle group until 1994), or directly on the shuttle software. They're adults, with spouses and kids and lives beyond their remarkable software program.
That's the culture: the on-board shuttle group produces grown-up software, and the way they do it is by being grown-ups. It may not be sexy, it may not be a coding ego-trip — but it is the future of software. When you're ready to take the next step — when you have to write perfect software instead of software that's just good enough — then it's time to grow up.
Ted Keller, 48, the group's senior technical manager, looks and sounds like the headmaster of a small private high school. It's Keller's job to make sure the software gets delivered on time, with all its capabilities, without regard to turf battles. He's a compact, bald man, a little officious and persnickety, qualities any astronaut would find reassuring. He has a gentle, geeky sense of humor, not so much with outsiders, but with his crowd.
It comes out in a meeting between members of the software group and their NASA counterparts. It's held in a small conference room overstuffed with 22 people and an overhead projector. Several times, from the back of the room, Keller issues a wry remark about the speed of code delivery, or the detail of some specifications, and the room lightens with laughter.
Otherwise, the hour-long meeting is sober and revealing, a brief window on the culture. For one thing, 12 of the 22 people in the room are women, many of them senior managers or senior technical staff. The on-board shuttle group, with its stability and professionalism, seems particularly appealing to women programmers.
For another, it's an exercise in order, detail, and methodical reiteration. The meeting is a classic NASA performance — a rehearsal for an almost identical meeting several weeks away. It consists of walking through an enormous packet of data and view — graphs which describe the progress and status of the software line by line. Except for Keller's occasional asides, the tone is businesslike, almost formal, the view – graphs flashing past as quickly as they can be read, a blur of acronyms, graphs, and charts.
What's going on here is the kind of nuts-and-bolts work that defines the drive for group perfection — a drive that is aggressively intolerant of ego-driven hotshots. In the shuttle group's culture, there are no superstar programmers. The whole approach to developing software is intentionally designed not to rely on any particular person.
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And the culture is equally intolerant of creativity, the individual coding flourishes and styles that are the signature of the all-night software world. "People ask, doesn't this process stifle creativity? You have to do exactly what the manual says, and you've got someone looking over your shoulder," says Keller. "The answer is, yes, the process does stifle creativity."
And that is precisely the point — you can't have people freelancing their way through software code that flies a spaceship, and then, with peoples lives depending on it, try to patch it once its in orbit. "Houston, we have a problem," may make for a good movie; it's no way to write software. "People have to channel their creativity into changing the process," says Keller, "not changing the software."
The tight strictures the group practices can make the siren song of the rock n roll software world hard to resist. Quinn Larson, 34, had worked on shuttle software for seven years when he left last January to go to work for Micron Technology in Boise, Idaho, automating the manufacture of Microns memory chips.
At Micron, Larson was given the task to automate the saws that cut finished chip wafers to the right size. Screw up the program, you destroy the valuable wafers.
"It was up to me to decide what to do," says Larson. "There were no meetings, there was no record-keeping." He had freedom; it was a real kick. But to Larson's way of thinking, the culture didn't focus on, well, the right stuff. "Speed there was the biggest thing," he says. "The engineers would say, these are our top priorities, and we need to get'em as fast as we can." But the impression Larson got was that engineers didn't seem too concerned about how well the finished software actually worked. "Basically, they wanted quick software — just put it out the door."
Larson started back at the shuttle group in mid-August. "The people here are just of the highest caliber," he said on his first day back in Clear Lake.
It's the Process
How do they write the right stuff?
The answer is, it's the process. The group's most important creation is not the perfect software they write — it's the process they invented that writes the perfect software.
It's the process that allows them to live normal lives, to set deadlines they actually meet, to stay on budget, to deliver software that does exactly what it promises. It's the process that defines what these coders in the flat plains of southeast suburban Houston know that everyone else in the software world is still groping for. It's the process that offers a template for any creative enterprise that's looking for a method to produce consistent – and consistently improving — quality.
The process can be reduced to four simple propositions:
1. The product is only as good as the plan for the product. At the on-board shuttle group, about one-third of the process of writing software happens before anyone writes a line of code. NASA and the Lockheed Martin group agree in the most minute detail about everything the new code is supposed to do — and they commit that understanding to paper, with the kind of specificity and precision usually found in blueprints. Nothing in the specs is changed without agreement and understanding from both sides. And no coder changes a single line of code without specs carefully outlining the change. Take the upgrade of the software to permit the shuttle to navigate with Global Positioning Satellites, a change that involves just 1.5% of the program, or 6,366 lines of code. The specs for that one change run 2,500 pages, a volume thicker than a phone book. The specs for the current program fill 30 volumes and run 40,000 pages.
"Our requirements are almost pseudo-code," says William R. Pruett, who manages the software project for NASA. "They say, you must do exactly this, do it exactly this way, given this condition and this circumstance."
This careful design process alone is enough to put the shuttle organization in a class by itself, says John Munson of the University of Idaho. Most organizations launch into even big projects without planning what the software must do in blueprint-like detail. So after coders have already started writing a program, the customer is busily changing its design. The result is chaotic, costly programming where code is constantly being changed and infected with errors, even as it is being designed.
"Most people choose to spend their money at the wrong end of the process," says Munson. "In the modern software environment, 80% of the cost of the software is spent after the software is written the first time — they don't get it right the first time, so they spend time flogging it. In shuttle, they do it right the first time. And they don't change the software without changing the blueprint. That's why their software is so perfect."
2. The best teamwork is a healthy rivalry. Within the software group, there are subgroups and subcultures. But what could be divisive office politics in other organizations is actually a critical part of the process.
The central group breaks down into two key teams: the coders – the people who sit and write code — and the verifiers — the people who try to find flaws in the code. The two outfits report to separate bosses and function under opposing marching orders. The development group is supposed to deliver completely error-free code, so perfect that the testers find no flaws at all. The testing group is supposed to pummel away at the code with flight scenarios and simulations that reveal as many flaws as possible. The result is what Tom Peterson calls "a friendly adversarial relationship."
"They're in competition for who's going to find the errors," says Keller. "Sometimes they fight like cats and dogs. The developers want to catch all their own errors. The verifiers get mad, 'Hey, give it up! You're taking away from our time to test the software!'"
The developers have even begun their own formal inspections of the code in carefully moderated sessions, a rigorous proof-reading they hope will confound the testers. The verifiers, in turn, argue that they deserve credit for some errors found before they even start testing. "From the verification group's perspective," says Pat McLellan, a senior manager, "we're aware that if there was no independent verification group, the developers would tend to be more lax. Just the presence of our group makes them more careful."
The results of this friendly rivalry: the shuttle group now finds 85% of its errors before formal testing begins, and 99.9% before the program is delivered to NASA.
3. The database is the software base. There is the software. And then there are the databases beneath the software, two enormous databases, encyclopedic in their comprehensiveness.
One is the history of the code itself — with every line annotated, showing every time it was changed, why it was changed, when it was changed, what the purpose of the change was, what specifications documents detail the change. Everything that happens to the program is recorded in its master history. The genealogy of every line of code — the reason it is the way it is — is instantly available to everyone.
The other database — the error database — stands as a kind of monument to the way the on-board shuttle group goes about its work. Here is recorded every single error ever made while writing or working on the software, going back almost 20 years. For every one of those errors, the database records when the error was discovered; what set of commands revealed the error; who discovered it; what activity was going on when it was discovered — testing, training, or flight. It tracks how the error was introduced into the program; how the error managed to slip past the filters set up at every stage to catch errors — why wasn't it caught during design? during development inspections? during verification? Finally, the database records how the error was corrected, and whether similar errors might have slipped through the same holes.
The group has so much data accumulated about how it does its work that it has written software programs that model the code-writing process. Like computer models predicting the weather, the coding models predict how many errors the group should make in writing each new version of the software. True to form, if the coders and testers find too few errors, everyone works the process until reality and the predictions match.
"We never let anything go," says Patti Thornton, a senior manager. "We do just the opposite: we let everything bother us."
4. Don't just fix the mistakes — fix whatever permitted the mistake in the first place.
The process is so pervasive, it gets the blame for any error — if there is a flaw in the software, there must be something wrong with the way its being written, something that can be corrected. Any error not found at the planning stage has slipped through at least some checks. Why? Is there something wrong with the inspection process? Does a question need to be added to a checklist?
Importantly, the group avoids blaming people for errors. The process assumes blame – and it's the process that is analyzed to discover why and how an error got through. At the same time, accountability is a team concept: no one person is ever solely responsible for writing or inspecting code. "You don't get punished for making errors," says Marjorie Seiter, a senior member of the technical staff. "If I make a mistake, and others reviewed my work, then I'm not alone. I'm not being blamed for this."
Ted Keller offers an example of the payoff of the approach, involving the shuttles remote manipulator arm. "We delivered software for crew training," says Keller, "that allows the astronauts to manipulate the arm, and handle the payload. When the arm got to a certain point, it simply stopped moving."
The software was confused because of a programming error. As the wrist of the remote arm approached a complete 360-degree rotation, flawed calculations caused the software to think the arm had gone past a complete rotation — which the software knew was incorrect. The problem had to do with rounding off the answer to an ordinary math problem, but it revealed a cascade of other problems.
"Even though this was not critical," says Keller, "we went back and asked what other lines of code might have exactly the same kind of problem." They found eight such situations in the code, and in seven of them, the rounding off function was not a problem. "One of them involved the high-gain antenna pointing routine," says Keller. "That's the main antenna. If it had developed this problem, it could have interrupted communications with the ground at a critical time. That's a lot more serious."
The way the process works, it not only finds errors in the software. The process finds errors in the process.
Just a Software Problem
The B-2 bomber wouldn't fly on its maiden flight — but it was just a software problem. The new Denver airport was months late opening and millions of dollars over budget because its baggage handling system didn't work right — but it was just a software problem. This spring, the European Space Agency's new Ariane 5 rocket blew up on its maiden launch because of a little software problem. The federal government's major agencies – from the IRS to the National Weather Service — are beset with projects that are years late and hundreds of millions of dollars over budget, often because of simple software problems. Software is getting more and more common and more and more important, but it doesn't seem to be getting more and more reliable.
As the rest of the world struggles with the basics, the on-board shuttle group edges ever closer to perfect software. Admittedly they have a lot of advantages over the rest of the software world. They have a single product: one program that flies one spaceship. They understand their software intimately, and they get more familiar with it all the time. The group has one customer, a smart one. And money is not the critical constraint: the groups $35 million per year budget is a trivial slice of the NASA pie, but on a dollars-per-line basis, it makes the group among the nation's most expensive software organizations.
And that's the point: the shuttle process is so extreme, the drive for perfection is so focused, that it reveals what's required to achieve relentless execution. The most important things the shuttle group does — carefully planning the software in advance, writing no code until the design is complete, making no changes without supporting blueprints, keeping a completely accurate record of the code — are not expensive. The process isn't even rocket science. Its standard practice in almost every engineering discipline except software engineering.
Plastered on a conference room wall, an informal slogan of the on-board shuttle group captures the essence of keeping focused on the process: "The sooner you fall behind, the more time you will have to catch up."
Charles Fishman (fish@nando.net) is a writer based in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Charles Fishman, an award-winning Fast Company contributor, is the author of One Giant Leap: The Impossible Mission that Flew Us to the Moon. His exclusive 50-part series, 50 Days to the Moon, will appear here between June 1 and July 20.
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The phishing campaign was running on the compromised website on 21 October 2014. However, the phishing kit is a lot older as the snapshot PNG image files indicate. The phishing website tried to steal credit card details of users who clicked on the spoof email that appeared to come from VISA.
Security-conscious people who detect such fraudulent e-mails often report these to anti-phishing vendors. Eventually, the e-mail and possibly the phishing URL is blocked by spam and web filters.
This foreign IP address belongs to FiberHub. It may be that the server of this IP address is compromised as well. Back to the DNS entry. The attacker can now use any random sub-domain for the spam campaign.
To clean up this phishing website, we had to at least inform the DNS zone operator but it's also a good idea to get in touch with the abuse contact at FiberHub to remove the phishing kit. Another interesting fact about the Swiss domain was that we had already received a phishing report about this domain name a few weeks earlier. At that time it was targeting American Express and the phishing site was hosted on the domain itself. This shows that if you don't change all your hosting passwords (FTP, Web, DNS), update your website's software, and remove potentially malicious files from the web server, the attacker may still be able to control your site.
We have been keeping statistics on the Malware Domain process for .ch/.li since 2010. Our data shows that roughly 15% of compromised websites are subsequently re-compromised. However, less than 3% get compromised more than twice.
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Peter Johngren doesn't look like your average Justin Bieber fan, or Belieber. First, he's not a teenage girl attracted to the Canadian heartthrob. Second, he's a grandfather. And third, he's dying of Cancer.
Johngren, a 71 year-old New York man, is suffering from Prostate Cancer, according to a recent article in the Ottawa Citizen, but he has found solace and inspiration in the music of Justin Bieber.
He first heard music from the pop sensation in 2009, when Bieber was singing at an event attended by Barack Obama. At that time, he was suffering from an unrelated case of Colon Cancer, but he immediately found the singer to be uplifting.
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Johngren, who is a retired medical doctor, currently needs two canes to help him walk due to his weakness, but before his Cancer diagnosis, was very physically active, and enjoyed skiing and backpacking, according to the news source.
As mementos, Johngren has kept articles and news stories about the young singer, and owns every single of the singer's albums, in addition to a ticket stub from a Bieber concert Johngren and his wife attended in Albany.
Perhaps Johngren's love for 'The Biebs' should make other seniors living in assisted living communities take a second look at the singer. Maybe they will become 'Beliebers' too.


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Data, Privacy & Security Practice Report - December 4, 2018
European Union, South Korea, USA December 4 2018
Federal Trade Commission Advocates Balanced Approach to Consumer Privacy – In a November 9, 2018 comment submitted to the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Telecommunications and Information Administration ("NTIA"), the staff of the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") called for a balanced approach to protecting consumer data privacy "that weighs the risks of data misuse with the benefits of data to innovation and competition." NTIA's request for comment is part of an effort to modernize privacy policy in a manner that protects personal data while ensuring organizations have the legal clarity and flexibility to innovate.
The FTC staff comment outlined the Commission's enforcement and policy experience; its "guiding principles" to balancing risks and benefits; and its recommendations for consumer privacy policy. The staff comment, authorized by a 5-0 vote of the Commission, addressed four issue areas:
Security: The FTC has been active in bringing data security cases and is exploring its remedial authority related to data privacy.
Transparency: The FTC supports transparency as an important means for building trust in privacy disclosures. Challenges arise with "how and when to be transparent" so that consumers have access to meaningful information at the right time. While privacy disclosures provide accountability, the FTC staff comment notes that many "are characterized by bloat, opacity, and legalese." The FTC supports a more consumer-oriented approach to disclosures, including context-specific and sector-specific approaches.
Control: The FTC supports a balanced approach to consumer control of collection and use of data in a manner that "takes consumer preferences, context (including risk), and form into account."
FTC Enforcement: The staff comment reports that the FTC has "used its enforcement authority vigorously" and "should continue to be the primary enforcer of laws related to information flows in markets." However, the FTC's enforcement capabilities are limited by lack of authority over non-profits and common carrier activity and the absence of civil penalty authority. FTC enforcement can be constrained because certain privacy laws are either targeted narrowly to specific risks or do not include in statutory definitions the kinds of data collection made possible as the result of technological advances.
The FTC staff comment urged Congress to act on data security and breach notification legislation. The Commission noted that "legislation should balance consumers' legitimate concerns about the protections afforded to the collection, use, and sharing of their data with business' need for clear rules of the road, consumers' demand for data-driven products and services, and the importance of flexible frameworks that foster innovation."
EDPB Publishes Guidelines On Territorial Scope For Public Consultation – On November 16, 2018, the European Data Protection Board ("EDPB"), the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") successor of the Art. 29 Data Protection Working Group, released its long-awaited Guidelines 3/2018 on the territorial scope of the GDPR (Article 3) ("Guidelines") for public consultation. While not final, the Guidelines already address several pressing issues regarding the GDPR's (extra) territorial application. This article summarizes the EDPB's advice on some of the most frequently asked questions about these issues since the GDPR entered into force on May 25, 2018.
The GDPR's territorial scope is stipulated in Article 3 of the GDPR. The first paragraph of the provision addresses the GDPR's application to companies established in the European Union ("EU Controller" or "Processor"), and in the second paragraph, GDPR's extraterritorial application to companies not established in the EU ("Foreign Controller" or "Processor"). Whilst the wording of the provision initially appears to be straightforward—GDPR either applies if data are processed through an establishment in the EU or if a Foreign Controller or Processor targets or tracks data subjects in the EU—the application of this provision has caused companies across all industries a headache in day-to-day practice.
The following three issues seem to be amongst those which arise most frequently in practice:
EU Controllers wonder whether the personal data of data subjects living outside the EU must be processed in accordance with GDPR principles. For example, must a European based reinsurance company inform Chinese policy holders about the processing of their data under a reinsurance contract with the Chinese insurer pursuant to Article 14 (information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject)?
As the first sentence of Article 3(1) refers to the processing of personal data "in the context of the activities of an establishment of a controller or a processor in the Union," it was unclear whether GDPR may apply to Foreign Controllers just because they retain an EU Processor. Some sources argued that an EU-based vendor "taints" the foreign processing activities of a Foreign Controller and makes them subject to GDPR.
Foreign Controllers in different industries, including financial institutions, hotels or hospitals, have been challenged by the question of whether they have to comply with GDPR when dealing with EU citizens, e.g., when accepting European investors, guests or patients in their respective home countries.
In practice, there has been a high level of uncertainty about how to deal with these issues. Now, the EDPB's Guidance provides some answers to these questions.
On the first question as to whether non-EU citizens may benefit from the protections of GDPR, the EDPB notes that "the text of Article 3(1) does not restrict the application to the processing of personal data of individuals who are in the Union." It concluded, therefore, that GDPR applies to EU Controllers and Processors "regardless of the location or the nationality of the data subject whose personal data are being processed." This means that the duties under GDPR to provide information about processing—as well as all other GDPR provisions —are likely to apply to data subjects in foreign countries, subject to the application of specific derogations, in Article 14(5), for example the disproportionate effort involved in providing such information, or the requirement to keep data confidential due to a secrecy obligation derived from EU or member state law.
Regarding the second issue as to whether retaining an EU-Processor may bring Foreign Controllers within the GDPR's reach, the EDPB has voiced its strong opinion that the retention of an EU Processor does not automatically subject the Foreign Controller to GDPR. The EDPB stressed that a Foreign Controller "will not become subject to the GDPR simply because it chooses to use a processor in the Union." In this constellation, only the EU Processor must comply with the GPPR requirements imposed on it directly, for example in Article 28, which deals with the obligations on vendors who process personal data on behalf of a Data Controller. The EDPB provided a full list of directly applicable provisions in the Guidelines (see page 11 of the Guidelines).
As to the third issue about whether Foreign Controllers have to comply with the GDPR when dealing with EU citizens, the EDPB clarified that this section is limited to the processing of data of individuals who are "in the Union." Therefore, the processing of personal data of EU citizens or residents that takes place in a third country does not trigger the application of the GDPR as long as the Foreign Controllers or Processors do not specifically "target" or "track" individuals in the EU pursuant to Article 3(2) a) or b). U.S. funds, hotels or hospitals that are available to EU investors, guests or patients from the EU, but do not specifically target or track them, do therefore not fall under GDPR.
The Guidelines also provide further helpful rules to assess the threshold definition of an "establishment" of a controller or processor and when the rules around "targeting" or "tracking" of data subjects in the EU apply. The EDPB also clarified that, once GDPR applies, there can be no cherry picking regarding the respective rights and obligations, but that "all provisions of the Regulation apply to such processing," including, as the case may be, the appointment of a Data Protection Officer ("DPO") pursuant to Article 37, or, in case of an extraterritorial application, the designation of a representative in the EU pursuant to Article 27.
Whilst the EDBP confirmed that the function of a representative can be exercised by a wide range of commercial and non-commercial entities based on a service contract, including law firms or consultancies, it has confirmed its view that the function of a representative in the Union is incompatible with the role of an external DPO. In the EDPB's view, there are different requirements for the two roles: whereas the representative acts under the direct instruction of the management, the DPO has to fulfill its role with a sufficient degree of autonomy and independence. Therefore, Foreign Controllers or Processors subject to the application of these provisions may be required to appoint two (external) service providers in the EU to comply with GDPR requirements.
Proposed Changes to South Korea's Personal Information Protection Act – On November 2018, the South Korean National Assembly considered a bill to amend the Personal Information Protection Act ("PIPA") to give the Personal Information Protection Commission ("PIPC") enforcement powers of its own.
PIPA, which was enacted on September 30, 2011, provides the main framework for South Korea's strict data privacy regime and governs the collection, usage, disclosure and other processing of personal information. PIPA applies to all private and governmental organizations, unless there is sector-specific legislation (such as the Act on Promotion of Information and Communication Network Utilisation and Information Protection (the "Network Act"), the Act on Use and Protection of Credit Information, the Framework Act on Electronic Commerce, the Medical Service Act, or the Act on Real Name Financial Transactions and Guarantee of Secrecy) which provides for different rules in specific industries. Notably, PIPA established the PIPC as the independent supervisory body, and set down strong penalties for breaches which include heavy fines and even imprisonment for data handlers.
South Korea has been seeking an adequacy decision from the European Union (the "EU") since 2015. An adequacy decision is a finding made by the EU Commission which ratifies that the data protection legislation and systems in place in a non-EU country ("third country") provide a comparable level of protection to that in the EU, such that personal data can be transferred safely from countries in European Economic Area (the 28 EU Member States, Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland) to that third country and without the imposition of further authorisations. Although the third country's data protection regime does not need to be identical to that of the EU, there must be "essential equivalence." Under Article 45.2(b) of the General Data Protection Regulation, when assessing equivalence, the EU Commission must take into account "the existence and effective functioning of one or more independent supervisory authorities in the third country…with responsibility for ensuring and enforcing compliance with the data protection rules, including adequate enforcement powers." Under PIPA in its current form, the PIPC does not have any enforcement powers. Instead such powers are assigned to the Ministry of the Interior and Safety (the "MIS"), which is a government body and therefore not independent.
Accordingly, South Korea is now looking to amend PIPA to hand the enforcement functions of the MIS and the Korea Communications Commission (which is the sanctioning authority under the Network Act) over to the PIPC. Commentators say that once such changes have been made, South Korea will be in a good position to obtain an EU adequacy decision.
King & Spalding LLP - Allison F Kassir , Sebastian D. Müller and Jessica Trevellick
IT & Data Protection
EU competition law and joint sales in LNG *
Iran's upstream oil and gas sector: an update on sanctions, nuclear talks and the new petroleum contract *
Challenges for energy security in Europe: do European shale gas or US LNG offer a solution? *
European Court Clears Path for International Investment Court Established Under Canada-EU CETA *
Disputes in the International Oil & Gas Industry *
How can companies navigate competing SFO and DOJ demands?
Related European Union articles
EDPB publishes draft guidelines on territorial scope of the GDPR *
Data Protection Day 2019 *
Where does the GDPR apply? European Data Protection Board finally weighs in *
EDPB Guidance on GDPR's Jurisdictional Scope * - USA
Jason T Weintraub
Director, Legal
"Let me add some more positive feedback. I love the newsstand!"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Gary Moore (born Robert William Gary Moore, 4 April 1952, Belfast, Northern Ireland) is a Northern Irish guitarist. In a career dating back to the 1960s, he has played with artists including Thin Lizzy, Colosseum II, Greg Lake and the blues-rock band Skid Row as well as having a successful solo career. Among many cameo appearances over the years, he performed the lead guitar solo on "She's My Baby" from Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3.


text:
Home > University Archives > HYMNAL-COLLECTION > ROUND-NOTE-COLLECTION > 16
Round Note Collection
Songs of Faith: Prepared to Meet the Popular Demand for Practical Selections of the Very Best Standard Hymns and Gospel Songs for All Religious Meetings Such as Church, Sunday School, B. Y. P. U., Prayer Meetings, Revivals, Assemblies and Other Occasions
Sunday School Board Southern Baptist Convention
"Songs of Faith" hymnal, edited and published by the Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Convention.
Words and music for 307 hymns, with 16 responsive readings. Includes index. Round note edition, not orchestrated though title page states that an orchestrated version is available.
Sunday School Board, Southern Baptist Convention
Sunday School Board, Southern Baptist Convention, Hymns, English
Southern Baptist Convention, Sunday School Board, "Songs of Faith: Prepared to Meet the Popular Demand for Practical Selections of the Very Best Standard Hymns and Gospel Songs for All Religious Meetings Such as Church, Sunday School, B. Y. P. U., Prayer Meetings, Revivals, Assemblies and Other Occasions" (1933). Round Note Collection. 16.
https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/round-note-collection/16
Since May 01, 2020


We welcome you to inspect this conveniently located 2 bedroom unit within walking distance to public transport and Westmead Hospital. Accessible via Helen St, this top floor unit lets in lots of natural light. The unit boasts a large eat in kitchen with gas cooking and lots of cupboard space. This allows you to fully utilise the lounge room for relaxing on your couch with an air conditioner to cool you down in the Summer. The bathroom is fully equipped with separate bath and shower. With a built in robe to one of the bedrooms, an internal laundry and a single lock up garage, this unit is ready to be your new home. There are buses in front of the complex to Wentworthville, Westmead and Parramatta Train Stations, as well as to Merrylands Stockland. You can also walk to Westmead Train Station in under 10 minutes (as per Google Maps). The local schools in the area include Westmead Public School, Catherine McAuley Westmead and Parramatta Marist High School. To inspect this property please ensure you register your details online.


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Q: Prove that $1,t-1,t^2-t,\cdots,t^{n-1}-t^{n-2}$ a basis for any polynomial $P_{n-1}$
Prove that $1,t-1,t^2-t,\cdots,t^{n-1}-t^{n-2}$ a basis for any polynomial $P_{n-1}$ represented by $a_0+a_1t+a_2t^2+\cdots+a_{n-1}t^{n-1}$

$$
p(t)=a_0+a_1t+a_2t^2+\cdots+a_{n-1}t^{n-1}=
$$
Would be helpful I someone can give me a hint on how to rearrange the terms to show that the given set is a basis ?

A: Write their trivial linear combination: $$a_11 +a_2(t-1)+a_3(t^2-t)+\cdots +a_n(t^{n-1}-t^{n-2})=0$$
so $$(a_1-a_2)1 + (a_2-a_3)t+(a_3-a_4)t^2+\cdots+(a_{n-1}-a_n)t^{n-2}+a_nt^{n-1}=0 $$
is valid for all $t$ which means that this polynomial is actually zero polynomial, so $$a_1-a_2=a_2-a_3=...= a_{n-1}-a_{n}=a_n=0$$
so all $a_i$ are zero and thus a conclusion.

A: Note that $S=\{1, t, t^2, \dots, t^{n-1}\}$ is a bais of $P_{n-1}$.
Now consider the linear map $f\colon P_{n-1}\to P_{n-1}$ given by
$$
f(1) = 1,\ f(t) = t-1,\ f(t^2) = t^2-t,\ \dots,\ f(t^{n-1}) = t^{n-1} - t^{n-2}.
$$
The matrix of $f$ with respect to $S$ is obtained as
$$
\begin{pmatrix}
1 & -1 & 0 & \cdots & 0 \\
0 & 1 & -1 & \ddots & \vdots\\
0 & 0 & 1 & \ddots & 0 \\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots  & \ddots & -1 \\
0  & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 1
\end{pmatrix}.
$$
Since this matrix is invertible as an upper triangular matrix with non-zero diagonal entries, the linear map $f$ is an automorphism.
Hence, $f(S)$ is a basis as well.

A: The easiest way to show that some set is a basis for the set of polynomials, is to show that every element of the usual basis for the set of polynomials can be written as a sum of elements of your new basis.
In this case, it is therefore sufficient to show that $1, t, t^2, ..., t^{n-1}$ can be written as sums of elements of your new basis.
As $1 = 1, t = (t-1) + 1, t^2 = (t^2-t) + (t-1) + 1, ...$, this condition is satisfied, and therefore your new set is a basis for the set of polynomials.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Barbara (Olson) Richardsaon
Barbara Diane (Olson) Richardson, 62, of Big Sandy went on her journey Friday, June 26, 2020, at Big Sandy Medical Center, after a lengthy battle with cancer. A celebration of life will be held on Friday, July 24, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. at the Highland Cemetery, following the graveside service, there will be a gathering at Pepin Park. Holland and Bonine Funeral Home has been entrusted with services and arrangements. Please visit Barbara's online memorial page at http://www.hollandbonine.com and leave a message of condolences to her family.
Barbara Diane (Olson) Richardson was born on May 14, 1958 to Roy and Joyce (McCutcheon) Olson in Havre, MT. She was raised in Havre and graduated from Havre High School in 1976. Growing up, she was active in Girl Scouts and a member of Rainbow Girls, she loved and had a passion for horses, her horse's name was Diamond, she loved all animals. After graduation, she went to work for the Montana Highway Department in Chester, she was one of the first females to work for road construction, she then met James Syverson from Edgeley, ND whom she married in 1977, shortly after their marriage their daughter Tara was born, they later divorced in 1986. She raised Miniature Collies (Sheltie) dogs, for show with The Westminster Kennel Club, which she did for many years, and won several awards. Barbara also worked for her father at Olson Glass as a secretary, she also helped in the shop building and installing windows, had a desire and talent to make stained glass. She remarried LeRoy Richardson in 1987, which she met while working in Big Sandy.
When the Highway Department was improving Highway 87 from Havre to Big Sandy, she ran the weigh scale, after the highway was completed, Barbara applied at Big Sandy Medical Center and began working in the Environmental Department, which she became the Head of that department, she took classes to become a CNA, she found that she had a compassion for helping people, that made her feel rewarding, she furthered her passion and worked for the Big Sandy Activity Center, caring for the mentally challenged and disabled. She was a cook for the IX Ranch for Steve Roth and ranch hands. Sadly, her all around careers ended when her scoliosis rendered her ability. In 1994, she was diagnosed with cancer, she fought it and was in remission for several years, for it to only return years later. Unable to work, she used her talents and creativity in making jewelry, she designed necklaces and bracelets. She was an accomplished artist in sewing, making clothes, cross stitching with various designs and familiar scenes from around the Hi-line. She loved to bake for family, friends, and neighbors to enjoy. She loved to plant flowers, and to receive them. She loved spending time and doing things with her grandchildren, they were her prized possessions. She had a huge heart, a gift from the heavens, that one in a million lady, she had a loving and compassionate soul, she lived her life to the fullest. She will be truly missed by family and friends, especially her husband, her daughter and grandchildren.
Barbara was proceeded in death by her parents Roy and Joyce Olson, Aunt Hazel (McCutcheon) Olson, Great Grandparents Robert and Adeline McCutcheon, and Andrew and Maria Olson.
She is survived by her husband, LeRoy Richardson of Big Sandy, MT; daughter, Tara Syverson of Big Sandy, MT; sister Karen (Richard) Costa of Fresno, CA; nieces and nephews of Fresno, CA; brother, Robert Olson of Great Falls; and grandchildren Jason Apodaca of Austin, TX; Abagayle Syverson and Andreas Syverson of Big Sandy, MT
Dr. William "Kim" Brady
Gordon David Moes
Wesley Wilford Berlinger
Jill Topel-Bold
Vernon Edward Turk
Tester's new book and...Zoe Merrill


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Helen recalls the memories of her father leaving when she and her twin, Ellen, were just four years old. The additional pain of being given up for adoption by their mother causes a lengthy battle with abandonment issues and a continuing fear of being left alone. The twins' mother attempts to care for them for a period of time after their father leaves, but can't handle the situation because of her alcoholism. The twins are adopted separately.
Now, Helen's own twenty-three year marriage is crumbling, primarily due to her husband's chronic drug problem and his inability to help provide critical guidance to their rebellious daughter, Alexis.


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Will the discontent of 2013 give way to new hope in Dunkley?
Seaford Pier
by Angus Barnes
The only candidates' forum held in Dunkley revealed a shared sense of dismay in the community on the eastern shore of Port Phillip Bay.
I asked the six candidates attending the forum what would be foremost in voters' minds on election day.
The two independents said they were running because of personal disillusionment, while our sitting member Bruce Billson said he was disillusioned with the current government.
Rise Up Australia Party candidate Yvonne Gentle suggested there would be more protest votes this year. Sex Party candidate Eloise Palmi said a greater voice was needed for small parties' views, and Family First's Cameron Eastman said there was lots of dissatisfaction and anger.
I noted to myself: is this the election of disillusionment? And if so, what does this mean for Dunkley?
The Labor candidate Sonya Kilkenny did not attend the forum but sent her apologies. Catching up with her later, I found she read the mood the same way.
"Feedback I've got … it's too long, we need someone new, Dunkley has been neglected," she said, referring to Billson's holding the seat for 17 years.
She said she believed her campaign slogan "a fresh face" had gained traction. Indeed, Billson got a laugh at the forum when he said he thought his face was still fairly fresh.
Kilkenny says she has seen positive changes in Dunkley since she moved here in 2007 but the region has great potential for more. She is peddling a vision of a "more vibrant, productive, and inclusive community".
Each of the four candidates I interviewed had a great sense of commitment to the electorate, and no lack of diversity in their views.
The other three have had strong connections with Dunkley all their lives, and all represent views from very different points of the political spectrum.
Sex Party candidate, Eloise Palmi, who went to high school in Dunkley, says the region is starting to get the "aesthetics of a vibrant cultural hub", such as the Frankston foreshore development.
Palmi joined the Sex Party because she agreed with many of its policies, particularly on education issues, and she works for an adult retail industry association.
She noted the Sex Party had a same-sex marriage and an inquiry into child abuse on its platform at the last election – two issues that have since gained traction in mainstream party politics. Small parties can thus highlight issues which otherwise might not be discussed in the political arena.
It is interesting, then, to consider the Rise Up Australia Party (RUAP), which appears to have been inspired, in part, by the founder's long-running legal conflict with an Islamic group over freedom of speech issues.
Dunkley had fewer than 700 people who identified as Muslims in the last census, and RUAP's candidate Yvonne Gentle concedes her platform ("Australia is in danger"), is more of a national one than a local one.
Gentle is Victorian State President for RUAP and has struggled to find time to dedicate to her own campaign while she has been supporting other Victorian candidates. A seasoned traveller, she says it was during a trip to Israel she met the founder of RUAP. She speaks passionately about the region where she lives and works, "a cross between the city and the country", and says there's a need to educate people in Dunkley about changes in Australia to maintain "Australian culture".
Bruce Billson has lived in Dunkley all his life, and has strong ties to the community. He is passionate about the region – "lots to like, delicious possibilities" – and sees his party as the best one for realising people's potential.
His campaign was launched by John Howard, a supporter in his early political life, and he has maintained a shadow ministry role since the 2007 election. He is considered likely to take up the minister of small business role should the Coalition be elected, a portfolio that will be elevated to cabinet. He feels "the Labor Party only shows an interest in Dunkley when the polls say they should" and says a key role will be to restore confidence in the competence of government.
Although this campaign has been relatively controversy-free, Billson said political life could take a toll personally. He had an issue with a bogus website a couple of elections ago, but the website's strongest personal criticism of him seems to be his love of a media opportunity. He certainly has been the most visible of all candidates around Dunkley in terms of signage.
Kilkenny's campaign has been marked by a less visible approach, and she spoke of much door knocking and many phone calls. She, too, has suffered from a website co-opting her name for anti-Labor advertising, which appears to have be established by someone who has business dealings with Liberal Party members.
While much has been made of the Murdoch media's position nationally, the Murdoch-owned regional newspaper, the Frankston Leader, has covered the campaign in a minor, but balanced way.
Four issues of the weekly devoted one or two pages mainly to candidate profiles and an election "jury panel" question each week. The jury was made up of two businessmen and three women – a retiree, a parent, and first-time voter. A few letters were published, with one highlighting concern over the sitting member's time in the seat, and only a few articles on candidate's promises.
The great thing about an election campaign is that it energises the community and motivates people to volunteer their time to improve their region. The downside is it divides the community along party lines.
One candidate spoke to me of the camaraderie that has developed between some candidates and the people helping them at the pre-polling booths. Between elections what would happen if you got these people together to work on the 90 per cent of issues on which they agree, lobby for change and help to implement solutions?
Certainly, the sitting member placed great emphasis on a "sense of shared purpose" as being critical to help local development. It will be interesting to see what happens in this regard, and through this role with No Fibs I feel more connected to the local community and keen to participate!
Local Issues Highlighted by Candidates in Frankston Leader Profile
Simon Tiller Greens clean energy, free dental care
Sonya Kilkenny ALP hospital, schools and TAFE, school kids bonus
Kate Ryder Palmer United Party jobs, public transport, roads
Cameron Eastman Family First Schools funding
Rod Burt Independent jobs, small business, social housing
Bruce Billson Liberal jobs, small business, cost of living, local infra, services, environment
Roy Broff Independent lack of vision, disillusion, business development and red tape, crime and other social issues, public transport
Eloise Palmi Sex Party crime, health, sex education
Yvonne Gentle Rise Up Australia jobs, social problems
Dunkley Seat Reports
Filed Under: #auspol, Angus Barnes, Dunkley, Federal Election, Front Page Tagged With: Coalition, discontent, Family First, Liberal Party, Rise Up Australia, Sex Party, TAFE
Mr Hodges says
Surely they're gonna go for someone who's likely to be a minister in an incoming Government. Pity the boss will be Tony Abbott.


text:
import scrapy

class Dytt8Item(scrapy.Item):
    url = scrapy.Field()
    name = scrapy.Field()
    download = scrapy.Field()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Terry McMillan is the bestselling author of "How Stella Got Her Groove Back" and "Waiting to Exhale"
Now in its third year, the Black Ink Book Festival is a local celebration of Black writers and their work, exposing readers of all ages to the variety of African-American authors in the area. The festival will be held on Sat. Sept. 8 from 11 a.m.-5 p.m. at the Main Library and is free and open to the public.
This year's featured speaker, Terry McMillan, is The New York Times bestselling author of Waiting to Exhale and How Stella Got Her Groove Back. She joins 60 Black authors and hundreds of readers during Black Ink.
McMillan's successes are far-reaching, from being a featured guest in Oprah's Life Class to seeing four of her books turned into major motion pictures. McMillan has said, "I write about what breaks my heart. What I don't understand. And what I wish I could change."
In addition to hearing from McMillan, guests at Black Ink will get to check out author and vendor exhibits, author discussions and signings, and a panel featuring renowned African-American authors.
Learn more about the festival online.


Jock McIvor, a robust farmer with a stubbly beard and dark brown hair mixed already with some grey, sits with his elbows on the table, both his fists against his cheeks. He stares ahead with unseeing eyes. It is always difficult for him to get going, but today more than usual. He didn't sleep well, and that's understandable. Yesterday morning, when they were walking to the pasture to milk the cows, his eldest son who was walking ahead of them suddenly ran back to him, "Daddy, dad, come look, come look." He couldn't say any more, he shook like a straw. Jock quickly followed after him, till he saw the three geese. Beautiful white animals, but now with big red spots under their heads. Someone had slashed their throats.
About ten years ago Jock and his wife Ellen migrated from Scotland to the north of Australia. After a few tough years they finally obtained a piece of land allotted by the government, and they started their own farm. It is hard work, and the climate is difficult: blazing hot summers and, time and again, forest fires. Slowly but surely it's becoming something. They live in a remote corner of the country, but they have neighbours with whom they get along very well. Or rather, got along very well.
About a year ago a small, dark man with straw-yellow hair came walking out of the bush. The children of Jock and Ellen, who by chance were playing there, took him to the farm. The man turned out to be named Gemmy, and spoke hesitantly a few words of English.
Gemmy was around thirty years old. As a thirteen-year-old child he was put overboard from the ship where he was galley boy. He was gravely ill, and that's why they put him on a raft. Days later he washed ashore on the beach of Australia, where aboriginals found him. They gave him water and something to eat. Gemmy lived sixteen years with them, and became one of them. Until he heard about white phantoms who had settled on the land. He wanted to see them.
Jock and Ellen took Gemmy in with their family. After all he was an Englishman, and he was in a bad way. But the neighbours didn't like him – for them, he was a black. It could well be that he was a spy, and that he would tell everything to his black friends, who perhaps came to visit him in the night. And that these would one day suddenly attack them, and kill them with their spears.
"Complete nonsense," Jock said, "and for that matter, he is not a black, but an Englishman and a poor wretch who needs help." But the neighbours were not open to reason. You could never trust a black ... And so, the atmosphere deteriorated. The children were harassed at school, Gemmy was punched, and Ellen got 'well-intentioned' warnings from the neighbour women.
When Jock goes out after breakfast, he mutters to himself, "I won't let them intimidate me, Gemmy will stay with us, and who dares to touch him will have to deal with me." But he can't get the image of the geese out of his mind, lying on the path, their heads askew, and with a strange red collar.
Remembering Babylon (1993) is an intriguing novel from the Australian writer David Malouf about misunderstanding and mistrust.


We welcome our new remote sensing consultant at MapTailor. Dr. Leonhard Suchenwirth is a geographer with more than 10 years experience in GIS and remote sensing (technologies/research/applications). Besides research, he has worked in public servies, commercial and consulting enterprises on local, national and international level.His projects range from agricultural monitoring, forestry and carbon budgeting, water management, environmental hazards, as well as land use/ land cover towards urban infrastructure and regional planning to social research. He received his diploma degree from the University of Vienna, and a PhD from the Technical University of Berlin. Besides having teaching experience, he published articles in various academic publications and presented his research results as well as commercial project outcomes at international meetings and conferences. Source photograph: Dr. Leonhard Suchenwirth.


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St. Boniface Catholic Church
215 N. Church St. Oak Harbor, OH 43449 (419) 898-1389
St. Boniface Parish was organized in 1845 by Father Amadeus Rappe. Mass was offered at this time in the homes of various members of the church. Priests from Toledo, Fremont, Port Clinton and Elmore came to Oak Harbor to minister to parishioners in the area. When the congregation increased services were held in a school building and an old Lutheran church. In 1872, a church was built on the southwest corner at the intersection of Church and Oak Streets by Father William McMahon. A parish school was started by Father Hyacinthe Kalopp in 1874 but was soon closed due to lack of support and poor attendance. Father G. H. Rieken added a parish house in 1880. In 1886, the church was enlarged and a new school was erected. The new school lasted until 1895 when it was closed for lack of support.
Father John Baumgartner arrived at St. Boniface in 1902 and began a fund drive to build a new church. Ground was finally broke for the new church in 1915 and the first mass was celebrated in 1917. It was around this time that St. Joseph's Church, Toussaint, Ohio was detached from St. Boniface Parish. St. Joseph's had been attached to the parish until a new Toussaint church could be built. After the new St. Boniface church was built the old church was converted into a school and sisters residence. This new school closed in 1928 and did not reopen due to the small number of students. On June 14, 1964 construction was begun on the new school building which opened in 1966.
For more information on the current school at St. Boniface, click HERE.
St. Boniface Catholic Church Photos


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Flying flags to unite a community
It's a gesture that has a deeper meaning in the East Colfax neighborhood.
Author: TaRhonda Thomas
Published: 8:21 AM MDT August 6, 2018
Updated: 8:46 AM MDT August 6, 2018
DENVER – The East Colfax neighborhood isn't immune to change – like the change that's been happening across the metro Denver area.
But, in front of one home in the area sits a reminder of what this neighborhood has always been: diverse.
"People can at least see the inclusivity of the neighborhood and (that) the history of the neighborhood goes further back than the past five years when there's been an influx of more middle-income (residents)," resident Emily Moncrief said.
The diverse display she speaks of happens every morning on her neighbor's front porch. Tom Fesing flies the flag of a different country or ethnic group every day.
"Flags to me, are just awesome because they represent people. To me, they represent the people of a nation, more than politics," he said.
Fesing's flag display began as a way to express his support for a team during the World Cup. Uruguay was the first flag that he flew. Then, as he changed flags to show support for other teams, he had an idea to continue to display different flags.
"Start representing all people. Including my own people," he said. "My family comes from Transylvania and Romania."
Fesing tries to display the flags on a day that's significant to each country. He also makes a point to display the American flag on flag day, federal holidays and the anniversary of each branch of the U.S. Military.
"I love the American flag. In fact, the very first flag I received is my Eagle Scout award as a boy scout in the 1980s, and that flag was flown over the US capitol and I still have that flag and fly that," he said.
The significance of the other nation's flags is key in the East Colfax neighborhood.
"People from all over the world are in this neighborhood," Fesing said. "We have probably the largest concentration of immigrants and refugees within the city of Denver and the nation. Just in this one point two square mile area."
Fesing says his neighbors appreciate the diverse flag display. It's generated a lot of excitement too – like the one time he flew the flag for Sudan and his mailman—a native of Sudan—took notice.
"He was so excited to see that flag fly on my front porch. He took photographs and sent it back to Sudan," he said. "They couldn't believe someone in America was proudly flying their flag."


SNKP has a long history of licensing their IPs to Korean studios, so it's not surprising that Samurai Shodown would end up on smartphones in form of a free-to-play infinite runner game. But it wasn't just running alone – the franchise would have been wasted on something that, after all. That's where the "Slash" in the title came in. In addition to a range of (mostly) indestructible traps like spikes pits and salves of burning arrows, you would frequently find yourself forced to hack down opponents in order to avoid collision. Most of them were inanimate – literally just wooden sword training dummies – but there were also demons that threw projectiles at you or hopped up and down to throw you off when trying to jump over them.
The game had two modes – in the regular stages you just kept on running through a variety of stages until everyone in your squad of three warriors went down. There were five distinct areas with different backgrounds, after which the game just kept looping as it got faster and faster. In boss mode, you either got to fight Amakusa or Zankuro after every three stages, who kept hovering at the far end of the screen. Some of the projectiles they threw at you had a different color, which signified that you could send them back at their originator with your sword. Every few hits, the fight transitioned to a pointless "weapon clash" sequence, where you just had to keep tapping the screen like crazy to slice of a large chunk of the boss' health. Maybe the developers just didn't think of the possibility of someone using both thumbs for this, as the only way to fail was by not trying at all.
As a free-to-play game, of course Samurai Shodown Slash required a ton of upgrade options. Characters could be upgraded by increasing their level (which increases the score and money they gain), buying them new weapons and upgrading those as well (which gives a slight increase in range and attack speed).
But the first and most important step was to unlock more warriors to fill your squad, so you got essentially three lives instead of one for each run. Every new character had some special ability that made them superior to the previous ones. Since regular Haohmaru, Nakoruru and Genjuro were the first to be unlocked, immediately followed by their Bust versions, the most famous characters ended up not getting much use after the better ones were unlocked. From Bust Genjuro onwards, most strong characters got short hovering time on their second jump (double jumping was standard for everyone), which made the stages a lot easier. Shiki had an additional shield that allowed her to take another hit, while Bust Haohmaru rushed forward a few extra seconds when he was the last to die. Charlotte in turn could skip a few metres at the start of her turn. Galford and Hanzo even got a triple jump by default. Every character also had their own unique supermove that got triggered automatically when the sword-shaped meter at the top of the screen got filled, which were all typical for the characters from the fighting games.
To make the original characters a bit more competitive, you could unlock and equip permanent special buffs, which ranged from score and money bonuses to supplements for the cooler abilities. So even the regular characters could gain a very short hovering boost or an additional jump, but since these buffs applied to the entire team, they still ended up outpowered by the rest. In addition, temporary items like a shield or a one-time rescue from a fall could be bought before each run starts.
The party was further accompanied by one of many possible pets, which included familiar companions like Nakoruru's hawk, Rimururu's ice spirit and Galford's dog, but also more extravagant creatures like a frog, a squirrel or the turtoise-and-serpent guardian spirit from Chinese mythology. They were drawn at random from a tombola and could be merged in order to get better pets, but the higher the pets' rank, the more likely the merger failed, while the pet that was chosen second just vanished. Pets didn't have a terribly big impact on the game, though. Most of them gave brief buffs in certain intervals, like turning into a magnet for coins and score items or providing invincibility for a few seconds.
Finally, you could unlock a few support characters, which for some reason were pooled from The King of Fighters, as if the Samurai Shodown franchise didn't have dozens of colorful characters that would have fit much better. When summoned, Mai Shiranui would take out all traps on screen, while Kyo Kusanagi took care of the enemies. Iori Yagami could even do both at once. Unfortunately, Mai was locked behind a friend invitation gate, so you could never get her if you didn't want to bother everyone you know, while Iori had a very high player level requirement.
The monetization scheme for the game was pretty bad. Since you could earn a fair amount of rubies by placing high in the boss mode ranking of your random segment of players, your money wasn't worth much and you'd need to spend insane sums to get a significant boost. At the same time, the standard progression without spending anything was really slow, and it took weeks simply to unlock all the characters.
Fortunately, the core mechanics were fairly solid and despite the many upgrades, player skill remained the most important factor for success – at least as soon as you could fill your team with characters that were able to hover or triple jump, as a few parts in the later stages were designed to screw over characters without any of those abilities. It could be argued whether or not an infinite runner was an appropriate extension for the series, but as a spin-off it was much closer to an action-filled arcade experience than an RPG or visual novel. On touch screen devices, it was also probably a better idea than trying to port over the fighting game experience – which SNKP also did, so there's no reason at all to get angry at Samurai Shodown Slash for existing.
And even those who would still get angry at it can relax, as it doesn't exist anymore. The service was shut down on January 22nd, 2016 alongside Metal Slug Revolution, Inplay Interactive's other SNKP license, even though it was a much better concept compared to that one. But given the not very enticing mode of monetization, it's easy to imagine that Samurai Shodown never made its development and service costs back.


Good morning. Last night, day 4/4 of the RNC was pretty conventional, so to speak. ;-) I'm tired.
Frankly, it was pretty boring and the Donald spoke way too long. Of course, I expect Hillary will as well next week. It's par for the course.
#CAKEDAY: Happy birthday to Assemblymember Frank Bigelow and the CDP's Angie Tate!
APICA SUSHI SHOWDOWN: It's back! Join the Asian Pacific Islander Capitol Association (APICA) for its 4th Annual sushi-eating contest, Sushi Showdown. You won't want to miss out on the food fight of the year on Tuesday, August 2 beginning at 530 PM at Mikuni Midtown at 1530 J Street in Sacramento. The Asian Pacific Islander Capitol Association (APICA) is a non-partisan, 501(c)(3) non-profit organization comprised of legislative staffers, advocates, and other API professionals in the Capitol community. Sushi Showdown provides the financial support for all of APICA's programs, including our Capitol internship program for college juniors and seniors. For sponsorship opportunities, to register as a competitor, or for more information, please contact apicapresident@gmail.com.
The Women's Foundation of California is seeking a five-star writer, experienced project manager and proud feminist to lead our storytelling and digital communications work (email marketing, list building, social media, website, blog, advertising and online engagement). This is an exciting opportunity for a self-starter and digital media expert who is looking to flex their exceptional skills as a writer in the service of positioning the Women's Foundation of California as a thought leader in women's economic security and a critical catalyst of social change in our communities. Click here to learn more and apply.
A new state law has Oakland and San Francisco remaking their medical cannabis laws in the face of new state requirements.
That missed the bigger picture: The paltry investment yield leaves the California Public Employees' Retirement System with a record $139 billion shortfall. That's $46 billion more than just two years ago.
Peter Thiel, the libertarian-leaning Silicon Valley billionaire, is known for his contrarian political views, but he still raised plenty of eyebrows in the valley when he signed up to be one of three Trump delegates from San Francisco. He takes the stage at the Quicken Loans Arena about 6 p.m. today Pacific time in what could be one of the most groundbreaking speeches at a Republican convention in years.
Despite promising "the truth, and nothing else" in his convention speech, Donald Trump presented the nation with a series of previously debunked claims and some new ones Thursday night — about the U.S. tax burden, the perils facing police, Hillary Clinton's record and more.
Political correctness is a euphemism, and a very bad one, so it's an easy target. It's a catch-all for notions of civility, tolerance, respect and understanding. But years of snarling talk-radio criticism has made it an insult, and the Republican nominee very effectively turned it into a populist rallying cry.
Kaine is running a textbook vice presidential lobbying campaign.
Like many speakers at this week's Republican National Convention, Trump portrayed America as a nation imperiled and in need of "law and order."
The campaign credited vice presidential candidate Gov. Mike Pence with igniting "the passion" of the grassroots.
Donald Trump's vice president pick Indiana Governor Mike Pence addressed a packed stadium of delegates. Green capped whips for the Trump campaign instructed their delegations to cheer as the governor laid out his vision for the remainder of the campaign. Soon Pence's raucous welcome would be overshadowed by Senator Ted Cruz's decision not to endorse Trump during his speech.
The Democratic senator also suggested that Bernie Sanders supporters would defy Trump's call to join them.
Donald Trump accepts the Republican nomination for president Thursday night in his final chance to deliver the glittering and successful convention he promised.


It's often said in Silicon Valley that you should ignore the competition. Now, this might work for the tech industry in California, but it's not a constructive mindset to adopt in the African context.
Taking time out to think about your competition can be very good for business provided your focus and energy is spent not just on finding out what your rivals are up to, but acting on ways you can best them and stay ahead. In this insight, we'll discuss ways to identify your competitors and how you can better position yourself against them.
Waxaa inta badan lagu dhahay Silicon Valley waa inaad iska dhaga tirtaa tartanka. Hadeer, tani waxaay u shaqeyn kartaa warshada cilmiga farsamada ee California, laakin ma ahan maskax dhisan ee lagu kobcinayo macnaha Afrikaanka.


Blue Monastery, a famous church located in Vera district, L. Kiacheli street, a few steps from the Vera Park. St. Andria the First church was called Blue Monastery for its dome decorated with blue tiles.  The dome of the "inscribed cross" type church was built at the end of the 12th century. There is a constructional inscription remained in the timpani of the South entrance.
Damaged and reconstructed many times, the church contains construction layers of different times. Only the lower parts, inscriptions of the walls and initial planning are maintained from the original building.
In the course of 19th-20th centuries, the church often changed its function. It even served as a museum of medical history once. In 1990s, the church regained its main function and liturgy-prayers revived. The interior was repainted and a church tower was built in the yard.
Accordingly to the legend, in as early as VII century, St. John the Theologian church was located on this very place. In 1898-1901, in the south side of the Blue Monastery, Golitsin, viceroy of the Caucasus initiated building of St. John the Teologian Church, which repeats architectural forms of Russian churches of that period.


On two ridges in the Santa Monica Mountains, interconnected buildings of concrete / steel with travertine cladding. The landscape provides a welcome complement to the building's grandeur, with gardens, plazas and terraces created to prevent erosion. 28 sculptures, including masterpieces by Calder, Magritte and Miró. The Getty is one of the richest museums in the world and it shows - the architecture, gardens, and views are beautiful and the collection is impressive. Admission free, parking $15 per car. Bring sandwiches to have a picnic in the gardens.
It is one of two locations of the Getty Museum. This branch of the museum specializes in "pre-20th-century European paintings, drawings, illuminated manuscripts, sculpture, and decorative arts; and 19th- and 20th-century American and European photographs". Among the works on display is the painting Irises by Van Gogh. Besides the museum, the center's buildings house related Getty institutes for research, conservation, and the Getty Foundation.
The center also has outdoor sculptures displayed on terraces and in gardens. Designed by architect Richard Meier the campus includes a central garden designed by artist Robert Irwin. GRI's separate building contains a research library with over 900,000 volumes and two million photographs of art and architecture. The center's design included special provisions to address concerns regarding earthquakes and forest fires.
It is wonderfully impressive, from the moment you roll up at the (Getty's own) car park, sunk 7 levels into the hillside, get onboard the (Getty) automatic train to take you to the top of the hill, to the knowledgable volunteer guides who give side tours on the architecture and the gardens. The setting, and thus the views from the top, are spectacular. The landscaping is fabulous "money no object", and I particularly liked all the open, and shaded spaces between the buildings. Richard Meier specialises in white buildings, with a very formal grid applied to the exterior, and you can love or hate this, or in my case tire of it (his museum in Barcelona is just the same). I did like, very much, the Italian stone used everywhere, in a rough unpolished finish.
However an art museum is really all about the internal spaces in which the art is displayed and I don't think the Getty is always successful. Some gallery rooms seemed surprisingly small, the art spaces quite cramped. The quality, though, was exceptional. I particularly liked the rooms given to French Decorative Arts: walls, ceiling, floors all beautifully installed into Meier's white boxes.
Another art institution mature enough to allow photography.
If you are going to be in Los Angeles, this is a 'must see'. Allow 5 hours as a minimum.
I am now retired after a full and enjoyable career, latterly spent at the BBC. I am enjoying a different pace of life, and doing many things I've always wanted to do. I'd been looking for some time for a way to save and share my photographs with family and friends. This blog, which I started in July 2009, aims to do just that.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sims 4 - For this project my main responsibility was to create prototype items such as hair styles, cloths, and accessories. The images you see below are all prototypes. For Sims 4 the art budget was quite low so we had no normal mapping or specular mapping. We had to paint in all the shadows and highlights into the diffuse maps. It ended up looking quite nice and created a new look for the game.
Note: I did not create the faces for this game.


Centro Estetico Arredamento is free HD wallpaper. This wallpaper was upload at November 10, 2018 upload by Clara W. McClanahan in Decoration De Maison Moderne.
You can download Centro Estetico Arredamento in your computer by clicking resolution image in Download by size:. Don't forget to rate and comment if you interest with this wallpaper.
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We have E3 licences for all our users, with archiving enabled (if that matters).
"Caution: When a user's license is removed, all data that is associated with that user account is held for 30 days. After the 30 day grace period, the data is deleted and can't be recovered, except for documents that are saved on SharePoint Online and the data in the user's mailbox. The user mailbox will remain in Exchange Online until it is deleted, permanently removed or purged by the Office 365 admin. You can reassign a license to the user and make the mailbox active again."
So I was left with little confidence that the support staff had any clue about this issue.
Does anyone know for sure? The paragraph above is very confusing too: "we delete all data except files and mailboxes." What's left?!
With the O365 E3 license, you have the ability to use the Inactive mailbox feature in Exchange. https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn144876(v=exchg.150).aspx has details on what you can do, but basically it allows you to retain mailboxes for users indefinitely (This is allowed by the E3 license because it includes the Exchange Archiving features, which provide long term storage and retention capabilities in Exchange online).
Great, many thanks for your reply.
So, in essence, to retain mailboxes indefinitely at no cost, we should set them to litigation hold with no expiry, then remove any licences from those users?
Thanks both. Do I *need* to remove the user object also? Or is removing the licence sufficient?
Just wondering if it's a necessity.
Yes, if you want to keep the user account, use a shared mailbox instead.
That's actually another one of Technet's fantastic examples of Quality Writing (TM). You don't have to fully delete the user, just remove the subscription license. Removing the "Office 365 Account" is Microsoftese for removing the license, since this effectively disables all access to Office 365 for the user account. Removing the O365 license causes the mailbox to "disconnect" from the user's Azure AD account, so it falls into the Inactive Mailbox system. You can delete the account at that point as well, but it isn't necessary to do so. Note, though, that if you are using AD Connect to sync your AD with O365, disabling the account in on-prem AD will cause account deletion in O365.
Excellent, thank you both very much for your answers.


Arthur Armstrong was a landscape and still life painter born in Co Antrim. He was educated at Strandtown Primary School and focused all of his free time on painting pictures. He then went to study Political Science at Queen's University, which was not his first choice. He managed to change to Architecture and then moved to the Belfast College of Art.
At this time, it was not enough to be an artist, and so Armstrong also worked in the Belfast Gas Office in order to make a living. He then went on to first exhibit his work at the Grafton Gallery in Dublin.
In 1957, Armstrong moved to London where he worked in a Labour Exchange and then he won a travel scholarship and visited Spain. Having held an exhibition at the CEMA Gallery, the Belfast News – Letter commented, 'a development towards a type of abstraction which is more concerned with a play of textures and an interlocking of quantites and areas of colour'.
Arthur died in hospital in Dublin. A tribute was organized at the Academy exhibition and then sale of his works began in 1988.
FIGURE IN A LANDSCAPE, CONNEMARA Sale Date: 05 June 2014 Medium: Oil on Board Size: H 20" x W 36"
UNTITLED Sale Date: 02 March 2017 Medium: Oil on Board Size: H 24" x W 30"
LANDSCAPE IN BROWNS Sale Date: 23 June 2016 Medium: Oil on Board Size: H 20" x W 30"
THE KITCHEN SIDEBOARD Sale Date: 14 February 2019 Medium: Oil on Board Size: H 26" x W 20"
CONNEMARA LANDSCAPE Sale Date: 23 June 2016 Medium: Oil on Board Size: H 29" x W 39"
TABLE TOP STILL LIFE Sale Date: 07 December 2017 Medium: Oil on Board Size: H 23" x W 23"


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NFL Levies Hefty Fine on Dunta Robinson For Hit on DeSean Jackson
By Jason Brewer Oct 19, 2010, 5:07pm EDT
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The NFL has announced the penalty for Dunta Robinson's hit that concussed DeSean Jackson and put both players of Sunday's game. Robinson will be fined $50k for what the NFL is calling a violation of player safety rules.
In all, the NFL handed down $175k in fines today with $50k each coming from Robinson & Patriots S Brandon Meriweather and a whopping $75k from Steelers LB James Harrison.
It's kind of a double whammy for Robinson who ends up with a $50K and a concussion of his own from the play.
Here is the statement from the NFL on the hit.
In the second quarter of Atlanta's game against Philadelphia, Robinson unnecessarily struck a defenseless receiver. That action violated Rule 12, Section 2, Article 8 (g) of the NFL Official Playing Rules, which states that it is unnecessary roughness if the initial force of the contact by a defender's helmet, forearm, or shoulder is to the head or neck area of a defenseless receiver who is catching or attempting to catch a pass.
NFL Fines Dunta Robinson $50k For Hit On DeSean Jackson
Roger Goodell Sends Memo To Teams About About Increased Discipline For Illegal Hits To Head And Neck Areas
NFL: Hit On DeSean Jackson Was Definitely Illegal


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Hospital Education Program Prepares High School Students for Healthcare Careers
Hospital Education Program Prepares...
Medical City Fort Worth December 12, 2016
Medical City Fort Worth Sepsis Coordinator Alis Walton with student Abigail Kawas
Hands-on experience at Medical City Fort Worth is helping some Fort Worth ISD students see first-hand what it's like to work in the healthcare field. Health science students from North Side High School are shadowing hospital professionals such as nurses and patient care attendants to learn about healthcare careers.
Abigail Kawas, a junior in North Side's health science technology program, is among the students participating in the program at Medical City Fort Worth, formerly Medical City Fort Worth. Kawas has been observing in the emergency room and learning about the hospital's sepsis program this semester. Her experiences in the program are reaffirming her plans to attend college to become a surgical nurse.
"It's reassuring because I've gotten to interact with a lot of people so far," Kawas says. "And it's really made me want to come into this field."
"Texas is facing a future shortage of healthcare professionals – particularly nurses – so it's important for us to encourage students to consider healthcare careers," Medical City Fort Worth Chief Nursing Officer Lynn O'Neill says. "By 2030, the Texas Center for Nursing Workforce Studies estimates that Texas will be 60,000 nurses short of what is needed to meet healthcare demands. As a teaching hospital, we are pleased to be able to partner with our local schools to help train the healthcare providers of the future."
Vanessa Cantu-Barrera, Fort Worth ISD coordinator for career and technical education, says the district has four campuses with the health science technology program and offers various certification opportunities.
"We want students to see different aspects of the medical field so they can determine for themselves what direction they want to go – whether it's to go to work right away and build relationships with our program partners – like a hospital, or go to college and study in that field," Cantu-Barrera says.
Cari Morisette, health science technology teacher at North Side High School, says community healthcare partners, like Medical City Fort Worth, are key to the program's success.
"We couldn't offer this program without hospital participation," Morisette says. "The students get to see what happens in a hospital setting, what kinds of patients they take here and all the steps and procedures they have to do. It's amazing what they are able to see and do here. Some are doing patient care on the hospital floor, working with a PCA (patient care assistant) doing things like taking vital signs and delivering food trays. We have one student with the sepsis coordinator, learning all about that, how they find signs and symptoms of it and how they can detect it. We have a student in the Admissions department and another in the ER. The kids are so excited. They can't wait to come because they are learning a lot and getting good experiences."


This walking shoe is a part of the Ziera heritage. This shoe is durable, stable and soft on the inside. Perfect for travel walking or long days on your feet. This is an all day shoe at its best!
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Lifts the heel inside to create a comfortable pitch for all day wear.