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What Is an Archer MSA?
Understanding the Archer MSA
HSA vs. MSA
Definitions A - M
Archer MSA
Michelle P. Scott
Michelle P. Scott is a New York attorney with extensive experience in tax, corporate, financial, and nonprofit law, and public policy. As General Counsel, private practitioner, and Congressional counsel, she has advised financial institutions, businesses, charities, individuals, and public officials, and written and lectured extensively.
Anthony Battle
Reviewed by Anthony Battle
Anthony Battle is a CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional. He earned the Chartered Financial Consultant® designation for advanced financial planning, the Chartered Life Underwriter® designation for advanced insurance specialization, the Accredited Financial Counselor® for Financial Counseling and both the Retirement Income Certified Professional®, and Certified Retirement Counselor designations for advance retirement planning.
Skylar Clarine
Fact checked by Skylar Clarine
Skylar Clarine is a fact-checker and expert in personal finance with a range of experience including veterinary technology and film studies.
An Archer MSA is a medical savings account (MSA) originally enacted in 1996 and named for former Texas Congressman Bill Archer, who sponsored the amendment that led to its establishment. As with the more recent health savings account (HSA), an Archer MSA offered the account holder a tax-advantaged way to save for medical expenses. Congress opted to discontinue the creation of new Archer MSAs in 2007. Existing Archer MSAs were allowed to continue, provided the owner continued to be eligible and the account was operated in accordance with legal requirements.
Some Archer MSAs continue as active accounts to this day.
An Archer MSA was a tax-advantaged medical savings account available to the self-employed and businesses with 50 or fewer employees.
Congress declined to authorize new Archer MSAs after 2007, although existing accounts could continue and some still exist.
The Archer MSA served as a model for the more recent and more broadly available health savings account (HSA).
Archer MSAs and HSAs can be used only with high-deductible health plans (HDHPs).
No federal income tax is owed on contributions to Archer MSAs and HSAs, account earnings, and distributions used for qualified medical expenses.
Congress created the Archer MSA specifically for self-employed individuals and for employees of small businesses with fewer than 50 employees. Contributions to the account by the owner are tax-deductible. Contributions by an employer, or by an employee through payroll deductions, are excluded from the employee's income. All contributions must be made in cash. Contributions to an Archer MSA can be made by either the employee or the employer—but not by both in the same year.
Earnings on contributed funds are not taxed and distributions from the account are tax-free provided the funds are used to pay for qualified medical expenses. Account-holders incur tax and penalties if they withdraw funds for non-qualified uses.
An Archer MSA must be accompanied by a high-deductible health plan (HDHP). The funds help the owner pay for expenses prior to reaching the plan's deductible as well as co-pays required by the plan and fees for qualified expenses that the plan does not cover.
Some Archer MSAs still exist, though new ones cannot be created. Both HSAs and Archer MSAs must be paired with a high-deductible health plan.
History of the Archer MSA
The Archer MSA was a pilot program that its promoters believed would help limit the overuse of healthcare services. They hoped that it would make employees aware of the actual costs of healthcare services through higher-deductible plans and the use of their own medical savings accounts to pay for healthcare. It is unclear whether or not this program motivated more careful healthcare spending. Its impact was limited because participation was restricted to the self-employed and employees of small businesses.
Health savings accounts (HSAs) were introduced in 2003 and ended up replacing the Archer MSA. While HSA participants can use their accounts as soon as the HSAs are established, they also can continue to benefit from their accounts in retirement. Although individuals can no longer contribute to Archer MSAs and HSAs once they enroll in Medicare, they can continue to receive tax-free distributions to pay for qualified medical expenses. Individuals age 65 and older can also use distributions for any other purpose and will incur income tax on the amount but no penalty. Thus, savings in an HSA can be valuable in retirement.
Both HSAs and the remaining Archer MSAs are tax-benefitted savings accounts that are meant to be used for medical expenses and that must be paired with an HDHP. There are, however, some differences. The Archer MSA was available only to self-employed people and small businesses with 50 or fewer workers. No new Archer MSAs can be established.
By contrast, an HSA can be offered to employees by businesses of any size and can be created by both a self-employed and an unemployed individual. HSAs may receive funding from both an employer and an employee in any year, rather than being limited to contributions solely from one or the other. Basically, HSAs took the Archer MSA model and expanded it.
It should be noted that Archer MSAs and HSAs differ with respect to the requirements for HDHP deductibles and out-of-pocket expenses as well as the ceilings on contributions. The HSA requirements generally are more beneficial for the insured.
For an Archer MSA in 2022, the associated HDHP must have a maximum deductible of $3,650 for an individual and a maximum of $7,300 for a family.
For an HSA, the minimum HDHP deductible for 2022) is $1,400 for an individual and $2,800 for a family. The maximum in 2022 is $7,050 for an individual and $14,100 for a family.) This HSA minimum deductible for the HDHP is lower than the Archer MSA minimum and thus more beneficial to the insured.
The maximum annual contribution to an Archer MSA is 75% of the HDHP's deductible amount for a family plan and 65% of that amount for an individual plan. The HSA contribution limits are more generous and are set as specific amounts adjusted regularly for inflation. For 2022, the HSA contribution limits are $3,650 for an individual and $7,300 for a family. Individuals age 55 and older can contribute an additional 'catch-up' amount of $1,000 to an HSA in 2022. However, an Archer MSA does not allow such a catch-up contribution.
Individuals who own Archer MSAs might find it advantageous to roll their accounts over into HSAs to benefit from the more generous HSA rules. However, in considering such a switch, the differences between the terms of the insured's Archer MSA and the proposed HSA, in particular the ceiling on Archer MSA deductibles and the absence of any limit on HSA deductibles, should be evaluated.
U.S. Congress. "Description of Revenue Provisions Contained in the President's Fiscal Year 2007 Budget Proposal." Accessed Jan. 15, 2022.
Internal Revenue Service. "Publication 969, Health Savings Accounts and Other Tax-Favored Health Plans (2021 Draft)," Pages 12–13. Accessed Jan. 15, 2022.
U.S. House of Representatives. "26 USC 220: Archer MSAs." Accessed Jan. 15, 2022.
Internal Revenue Service. "Publication 969, Health Savings Accounts and Other Tax-Favored Health Plans (2021 Draft)," Page 3. Accessed Jan. 15, 2022.
Internal Revenue Service. "Publication 969, Health Savings Accounts and Other Tax-Favored Health Plans (2021 Draft)," Pages 4, 12. Accessed Jan. 15, 2022.
Internal Revenue Service. "Publication 969, Health Savings Accounts and Other Tax-Favored Health Plans (2021 Draft)," Page 11. Accessed Jan. 15, 2022.
Internal Revenue Service. "Publication 969, Health Savings Accounts and Other Tax-Favored Health Plans (Draft)," Pages 6, 13. Accessed Jan. 15, 2022.
Internal Revenue Service. "Rev. Proc. 2020-32." Accessed Jan. 15, 2022.
Internal Revenue Service. "Publication 969, Health Savings Accounts and Other Tax-Favored Health Plans (2020)," Page 6. Accessed Jan. 15, 2022.
Medical Savings and Spending Accounts
Health Savings vs. Flexible Spending Account: What's the Difference?
Flexible Spending Account (FSA): Uses, Benefits, and Amounts
Health Savings Account (HSA): How HSAs Work, Contribution Rules
Health Reimbursement Arrangement (HRA): What It Is, How It Works
What Is a VEBA—Voluntary Employees' Beneficiary Association Plan?
Medical Savings Account (MSA)
Health Reimbursement Arrangement (HRA) vs. Health Savings Account (HSA)
What Are the Pros and Cons of a Health Savings Account (HSA)?
How Flexible Spending Accounts Work
Does Money in a Flexible Spending Account (FSA) Roll Over?
Who Can Use Your Flexible Spending Account (FSA)?
Can an FSA Be Used for a Gym Membership?
How Grace Periods for Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs) Work
Do Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs) Expire?
20 Ways to Use Up Your Flexible Spending Account
Health Savings Account (HSA) Rules and Limits
HSA Custodian
Best Health Savings Account (HSA) Providers
Why You Should Consider an HSA Even If You're Not Rich
Transferring IRA Money to an HSA
A Health Savings Account (HSA) is an account for individuals with high-deductible health plans to save for medical expenses that those plans do not cover.
High-Deductible Health Plan (HDHP): Definition, Coverage, and Costs
A high-deductible health plan is health insurance with a high minimum deductible for medical expenses that must be paid before insurance coverage kicks in.
A Medical Savings Account (MSA) was a forerunner of a Health Savings Account (HSA) and had similar deductibles, IRA status, and tax treatment.
An HSA custodian is any bank, credit union, insurance company, brokerage, or other IRS-approved organization that offers health savings accounts.
A health reimbursement arrangement (HRA) is an employer-funded plan that reimburses employees for medical expenses and, sometimes, insurance premiums.
Employee Savings Plan (ESP) Definition, Types, Tax Benefits
An employee savings plan (ESP) is an employer-sponsored tax-deferred account, funded with contributions and typically used to save for retirement.
Retirement Savings Accounts
Retirement Uses for Your Health Savings Account (HSA)
Saving for Retirement When You Don't Have a Regular Job


Discover what makes VoIP phone systems the right choice. ECW Computers is here to help. Call (561) 306-2284 or email us at Info@ecwcomputers.com to find out about our managed IT services wherein we handle ALL of your technology at a flat-rate monthly fee.


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The Playlist är en dramadokumentär-miniserie från 2022. Den är inspirerad av boken Spotify inifrån skriven av Sven Carlsson och Jonas Leijonhufvud. Serien är en fiktionaliserad berättelse om hur den svenska musikstreamingstjänsten Spotify grundades.

Serien hade premiär på streamingtjänsten Netflix den 13 oktober 2022.

Rollista (i urval)
 Edvin Endre – Daniel Ek
 Christian Hillborg – Martin Lorentzon
 Gizem Erdogan – Petra Hansson
 Ulf Stenberg – Per Sundin
 Joel Lützow – Andreas Ehn
 Janice Kavander – Bobbi Thomasson
 Valter Skarsgård – Peter Sunde
 Krister Kern – Felix Hagnö
 Sofia Karemyr – Stephanie Dahlgren
 Severija Janušauskaitė – Maxine Silverson
 Sam Hazeldine – Ken Parks
 Ella Rappich – Sophia Bendz
 Félice Jankell – Sofia Levander
 Jonatan Bökman – Gunnar Kreitz

Referenser

Externa länkar
The Playlist  på Netflix

TV-seriestarter 2022
TV-serieavslutningar 2022
Svenskspråkiga TV-serier
Engelskspråkiga TV-serier
Svenska miniserier från 2020-talet
Brittiska miniserier från 2020-talet
Svenska dramaserier
Brittiska dramaserier
TV-program av Netflix

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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WRITING & PODCASTS
Julie Mastrine
Why Dating Sites Like Bumble Shouldn't Ban Gun Images
Dating site Bumble announced Monday that it will ban images of guns in users' profile pictures, unless the users are in the military or shoot competitively. The move comes in the aftermath of the mass shooting at a Parkland, Florida high school, in which 17 people were killed.
Erasing guns from online dating sites will not curb gun violence. It will prevent users from determining whether or not potential dates are a good cultural fit, and it will isolate users who have a legitimate hobby.
In a blog post announcing the decision, Bumble wrote, "Online behavior can both mirror and predict how people treat each other in the real world."
But there's no evidence to suggest that someone who poses in a picture with a gun is more likely to be violent. It's also been long-debunked that seeing pictures of weapons — or even virtually interacting with weapons, like in video games — makes it easier for people to be violent or homicidal in real life. A University of York study found "there is no link between […] realism in games and the kind of effects that video games are commonly thought to have on their players."
Some have told me that allowing guns on dating websites means companies are endorsing a culture that celebrates gun ownership. But online dating sites are platforms for user-generated content. Just as the views we express on Facebook are not the views of Facebook itself, it is also true that content posted on dating platforms does not necessarily reflect the views of the company. No one would ever assume dating sites actually endorse everything their users post. If so, they'd have to remove every single guy who's ever sent me nasty messages or called me a "stuck up b*tch" for not responding — behavior few competent people would endorse.
As a private company, not a government entity, Bumble is well within its rights to ban whatever type of content it pleases. But that doesn't mean it will have the effect desired — or be helpful to users.
Banning guns from the platform actually hurts Bumble users who are anti-gun, because it eliminates their ability to properly vet who they're going on a date with. Eliminating the ability for dating site users to filter for gun lovers makes the platform a less effective filtering mechanism (that's what dating sites are — filtering mechanisms) and doesn't help anybody who wants to ensure their potential partner is a good cultural fit.
There are also people using dating sites who may find it attractive that someone knows how to shoot a gun and could protect them in the event of a home invasion or other dangerous event. I grew up in a tiny town in rural Western Pennsylvania surrounded by countless peaceful and competent gun owners. My father taught me how to shoot a gun because it is a necessary skill when you live in a rural area where the nearest police station could be miles away, meaning you may have to wait a very long time for police to show up if you are in danger. For folks living in rural areas like the one I grew up in, a gun-toting partner can be a sexy thing.
Bumble and other anti-gun advocates also don't want to admit that guns are a legitimate hobby for many peaceful people. I spin fire as a hobby. Many folks would, at face value, find this activity dangerous — don't fires kill scores of people every year? Should I not be allowed to post pictures of myself spinning fire on a dating site, despite the fact that I am adequately trained, have years of experience with the practice, know my tools, select places to spin where it is most safe, and engage in other harm reduction techniques, like ensuring a safety person and fire retardant blanket are on site at all times?
Bumble will still allow gun photos for people who are in the military. This is hypocritical, as government officials are often criticized for killing innocent or unarmed people. This was the crux of the Black Lives Matter movement. If you take unjustified wars overseas into account, the government has likely used guns to kill more innocent people than all mass shooters combined. With a track record like that, it makes little sense for government employees to retain the freedom to brandish their guns online, but not civilians.
Until we can look at the real causes of gun violence — isolation, nihilism, lack of meaning — organizations like Bumble will just continue to put a Band Aid on the problem. Bumble is isolating people who have legitimate hobbies and interests, and it will not serve its users — or help to eradicate gun violence in any meaningful way.
Update: A friend also pointed out that the ambiguity in Bumble's definition of a gun makes it seem like even cos play photos would be banned from the platform. What if someone posted a picture of themselves dressed as Harley Quinn?
← A Guide to Approaching Women On the Street
Google News is Heavily Biased →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What do you learn in this article?
Where do I find the sample project?
Firebase is a realtime database which focuses on delivering and saving data for client apps. Firebase was founded in 2011 and was acquired by Google back in 2014. Since this time Firebase is a part of the Google developer platform. Started as a simple realtime database, firebase is now a way more. It has evolved as a realtime backend.
Also an important component is the Firebase authentication. This module unifies many OAuth provider and classical e-mail / password as one authentication service.
With this module the developer is able to handle every user the same way, unnecessary which login / signup method they have used. With this options the user is able to link multiple authentication methods to one user account.
Another benefit of this authentication backend is, that you don't have to struggle with your backend, because you don't need any additional backend. Resetting password via email or confirmation of signup is already integrated in Firebase and is configurable in the console.
The main focus of firebase is, that you don't need an additional backend for your mobile and/or web app. Firebase targets front end and app developer along with startups and company which won't manage a backend infrastructure.
This article is an introduction into authentication using firebase with email and password. We want to create a new Firebase console project and a new Ionic 2 project. Our content of the Ionic app should only be visible if the user is logged on and authenticated. The signup at Firebase should also be implemented into this Ionic app along with the login.
First of all, if you want to start with Firebase, you need a valid Google account. For creating a new project you need to switch to the [Firebase Console].
This console provides an overview of your existing project, links to the documentation, sample codes and API. There are two options of creating a new project. First, creating a entirely new project and second, importing an existing Google Cloud Project.
In this example, we create a complete new Firebase project. The name of the project can be chosen by you. In our example we will call it "IGWorkshops".
After the successful initialisation of the project, the console redirects you to the overview of the new project. On the left side of the project you can find important features for this project. On the right side of the project name you can find the project settings.
The most necessary informations and security options can be found there. For example, there you can find the project ID and the Web API Key.
In the first step we want to enable authentication using email and password. For this option you have to enable the corresponding authentication provider at the authentication settings under Sign-In Method.
For this settings switch to Authentication->Sign-In Method and choose the edit button behind Email/Password. By switching the Enable toggle you will enable the authentication via email.
For now the first configuration of firebase is all set.
The Ionic CLI now generates automatically a new Ionic project and runs the npm install command.
Hint: For developing with Ionic you have to install NodeJS and the Ionic CLI (npm install -g ionic).
There are several options for using Firebase inside your Ionic 2 application. For example, if you only need the database functionality you can use it with common HTTP request. But if you want to use the complete range of functionality there is an suggestion to use the Firebase Web SDK. Currently the SDK doesn't support Angular 2 neither Typescript. In this case we going to use a the [AngularFire2].
For sure, you can use the Firebase Web SDK without AngularFire2 but it helps a lot with extended function e.g. at the authentication process.
For adding AngularFire2 to the Ionic project, switch to the Ionic project with your terminal/command line. Both dependencies, AngularFire2 and Firebase Web SDK, are available as npm packages.
That's for the install. For the usage you have to add a few configuration settings to your Ionic application to make it work with Firebase. This will shown you in the next section 'Implementation'.
The implementation has three main parts. Creating the pages for login and signup, implementing signup and implementing login.
For our login and signup process we need two new pages inside our Ionic app. You can create them manually or automatically by using the Ionic Generator which is build in the Ionic CLI.
Now you have to add these two new generated pages to the standard module of your Ionic app.
As mentioned before, we have to do a little bit of configuration for your Ionic app to use the AngularFire2 module.
This module also has to be added to the App-Module, like our new generated pages. Also you need the credentials and keys for accessing your Firebase project.
On click an dialog pops up, where you have to copy the config variable with all it's properties. Switch now back to your Ionic app.
Now we have to implement the validation if a user is logged on or not. If he is authenticated the app should show him the HomePage. If the user is not logged on, he should be redirected to the LoginPage which also have a link to the SignupPage. On this page a user is able to signup at Firebase for a new account.
First of all we have to implement the validation. This happens inside the app.component.ts. For this we're going to extend the constructor with AngularFire2 call on the authentication implementation. This call subscribes to authentication changes. If the authentication is changed, we're going to check if the user is authenticated or not.
Hint: AngularFire2 uses mostly the observable pattern and RxJS. If you don't now how these observables are working, please read the documentation of [RxJS] and get familiar with it.
Now you have to import AngularFire2 and the LoginPage into our app.component.ts. We also provide the corresponding instance inside the constructor and implementing the subscription. The subscription should redirect the user to the. HomePage if the auth response is valid and the user authenticated. If he is not authenticated, the subscription should redirect to the LoginPage.
Now we have successfully implemented the difference between an authenticated and none authenticated user. Before we start implementing the logon and signup process, we need a UI for this. Also we need the link from logon to signup.
For the UI we will change the markup of login.html and implementing the corresponding properties and functions into login.ts.
The signup function redirect to the SignupPage and provides, if available, the email address which was entered by the user inside the email field of the LoginPage. In this case the user have not to reenter the email address on the SignupPage.
The markup of the SignupPage looks pretty familiar to the one of the LoginPage. The differences are that in the SignupPage we have two password fields (for retyped passwords) and the logic of signup.ts is different.
The two password fields are going to be checked if the entered passwords are matching each other to avoid typos. If the passwords do not match, the user get's an error dialog.
Now we implements the function to signup a new user by using the already added AngularFire2 module. The user should be able to register using an email and password combination.
If there is an error during the signup process (e.g. with a too short password), the app should show a dialog with the error message.
So you going to implement AngularFire into signup.ts first.
If you want to start the signup process on button click, we need to implement the process inside the signup function. Inside this function we're going to use a function of AngularFire which is called createUser and passing the needed parameters (email and password).
If the signup was successful and you have not configured a confirmation using email, AngularFire will automatically logon your user and returns the auth response. If the logon was successful, our previous implementation of the auth subscription is going to be triggered and redirects the user directly into the HomePage.
If there was an error with the signup, our code will run into the catch statement. The firebase error response has two properties.
The error response from firebase always looks the same, so we have now two options to handle the error. First we could use the message property as message for the user and showing it directly to him. Second we could use the code property for getting, eg. a translation key and showing the translated value to the user.
This example is going to use the message property to show the message directly to the user by using a alert box.
If the signup was successful the user get's redirected to the HomePage.
The SignupPage is finished now. Here is the complete code.
We've implemented the option for signup a user. Now we have to implement the ability to authenticate a existing user at Firebase. This will happen inside the LoginPage.
First of all we have to extend the login function like the signup function. Also we should import the required modules of AngularFire which are, in this case, AngularFire, AuthMethods and AuthProviders.
Now we implement the authentication process of Firebase.
For logon at Firebase we have multiple options and provider possibilties. For each posibility there is a dedicated method.
In our case we're going to use the E-Mail and Password authentication. That's the reason why we're using the signInWithEmailAndPassword method.
Like on the SignupPage we also have the same error handling options during the authentication process. This time we don't want to use an alert for showing the error. We're going to implement a toast message for notifying the user about an error. For using toast messages we have to import the ToastController from the ionic-angular package.
Inside the catch block of the authentication process we're now creating a new toast and present it on the view, showing the error message from Firebase.
If something went wrong during the authentication process, the user gets notified by the toast.
This is how the code for LoginPage looks like.
Last but not least, we're improving a few things according to the usability of the authentication and signup process. We only want to enable the submit button if we have filled email and password fields.
For this we only have to change a few things inside our HTML templates of the pages and extending them with a few Angular bindings.
As often requested I've added a sign out functionality to the sample project.
Now we have to implement the signOut function inside our page which is called by the button. First we have to add the AngularFireAuth provider to our page. After that we add the signOut function which is calling the signOut function of the AngularFireAuth service. That's it! (Yes, it's that simple).
In this article now you have learned how to create a new Firebase project, extending a Ionic app with AngularFire2 and how to implement a simple authentication and signup process using email and password. You're now able to implement contextual content inside your app depending of authenticated and none authenticated users.
Feel free to ask questions in the comment section below. Before asking make sure you're using the same package versions like me (see meta information at the beginning of the article).
We no longer have only one Angular module for AngularFire2. Instead, if we want to use authentication, we also have to add the AngularFireAuthModule to our AppModule.
There is now a new provider for authentication called AngularFireAuth.
Methods of the AngularFire authentication has changed. So no longer have a login function and the options to pass the authentication method and provider into it. There is now a signIn function for each authentication method. In our case this has changed to signInWithEmailAndPassword. This method name changes also concerns the signUp functions as you can see in our signUp page.
I updated the article to Ionic 3.9.2, Anuglar 5 and AngularFire2 5 RC4.


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2020-12-12 A Technology Future We Can Live With
1) Young children in South Australia will not have cell phones in schools which, while not the reason given, will reduce the EMR to which they are being exposed. Now if only their computers would be wired…
(click on photos to enlarge)
https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/parenting/school-life/sa-government-bans-mobile-phone-use-at-states-primary-schools/news-story/c13e01ab2c2e6d5cbd3473201dfbe70a
SA government bans mobile phone use at state's primary schools
"One Aussie state is rolling out a blanket ban on mobile phones in primary schools, with tough restrictions to hit high school students.
Mobile phones will be banned in primary schools across South Australia next year, under a new statewide policy.
High schools will be able to choose their own mobile phone policy, so long as it supports learning.
Education Minister John Gardner said the draft policy, which will be rolled out in government schools in 2021, would help students better "focus on their learning.""
https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/parenting/school-life/sa-government-bans-mobile-phone-use-at-states-primary-schools/news-story/c13e01ab2c2e6d5cbd3473201dfbe70a or
https://tinyurl.com/AUbansphones
2) As we begin a new year, it's standard to make resolutions for the future. Stop 5G International has done that with ideas for a future we all hope will come to fruition.
A Technology Future We Can Live With
"We, the people, should decide what we want, not Big Tech. Without measured and mindful guidance from the collective will of us all, Big Tech will continue to corral us down a fast track into extinction. But with us at the helm, we can create a future we can live with. A future where… "
https://stop5ginternational.org/a-technology-future-we-can-live-with/
3) I am sharing below in Letters an email from Mark Graham, Elk Grove, California, who has been fighting cell towers, reminding me of those in Qualicum Beach, with great tenacity. Mark shares the approach his town, Elk Grove, has taken, implementing "the front door rule", and how it has been or is being considered by Malibu. where cell towers have been proliferating. There may be some ideas here and on his group's website, www.KeepCellAntennasAway.org that might be useful here. Of course, as with ISED, the FCC might object to a municipality actually attempting to protect its citizens.
www.KeepCellAntennasAway.org
Here is an update on my advocacy (my Crusade, as I call it) in Malibu, California from last night.
You know how long I have been fighting this Crusade against cell antennas and how much time and effort I put into it. Tonight, along with a group of residents in Malibu, California we had a big victory.
Back in September I got in touch with the 2 leaders of the grassroots campaign in Malibu, which is near Los Angeles, who were working to get their city to make changes in the municipal code to regulate cell antennas. And a woman from somewhere in SoCal and a woman in Colorado, formerly in SoCal, who were helping them. Apparently the telecom companies (AT&T, Verizon, etc.) had put up dozens of new cell antennas and they were proliferating in the City. The City did not have anything in its municipal code to regulate them (which makes me wonder how and why they were issuing permits, but that is another story). We had a big 3 hour conference call in September and collaborated on ideas. I wrote to the Malibu City Council a couple of times about this issue and shared what I had learned from my Crusade.
Tonight during the meeting, which was by video conference as so many city council meetings are now, I got to tell the Council my public comments. The timing was perfect because I finished with my City Council meeting and my public comments there at about 7:32 and switched right over to Malibu and they called my name next. I told them of our experience here in Elk Grove and that the best thing our city did was to put into the code something I call the front yard rule. That says that the City will not permit a cell antenna immediately adjacent to or across the street from the front yard of a residential dwelling. The residents here asked the City to "keep cell antennas away from our Elk Grove homes". We didn't ask for the front yard rule per se but we are happy about it.
I was the next to last person with public comments. During the City Council's discussion Council Member Karen Farrer brought up 2 issues I had raised and one of them was the front yard rule. She liked the idea and asked staff (which is a term used to refer to the key city people working on an issue, and it includes the attorney(s)) if they could put that into the ordinance that staff had presented for the Council to vote on tonight.
The Mayor also spoke up and said he liked the idea. Many callers had asked the Council to create a minimum distance of 1,500′ from an antenna to a home or school and the Council had discussed that before Karen Farrer spoke up. The problem with that is that there may not be any places in the City that are at least that far away from a home. The Mayor said that people really do not want to have a cell antenna right in front of their home.
By the way, the background is that there has been a fairly large and active grassroots campaign in Malibu for months, long before I got involved. And I wish we could bring their entire City Council to Elk Grove because they actually want to do what is right for the City and right for the residents. And they listen to the residents and consider the residents' ideas! What a concept! There has been a City Attorney there from the law firm Best, Best and Krieger named Christi Hogin. She is funny and very lively and creative. I was so impressed with her at the September meeting that I also watched and commented on.
Anyway with all of that background: the grassroots campaign, the interested and willing Council and Christi Hogin, and another, experienced BBK attorney named Gail Karish who was in the meeting tonight, the situation was just right for the Council to approve some kind of measure that would protect residents from cell antenna radiation. What they did was pass an urgency ordinance, effective immediately, and the Council directed staff to continue working with the community group on a permanent ordinance, meaning permanent changes (nothing in politics is ever permanent but you know) to their municipal code on cell antenna permits. Into the urgency ordinance they added the front yard rule, as worded by Gail Karish during a brief discussion with the Council. Actually they stated it in terms of a front door or window, that the cell antenna should not be visible from there (I think).
It's a win! That rule will keep cell antennas away from the majority of homes in Malibu. How many? I don't know, but I would be surprised if it isn't at least 90% of them.
We accomplished through the front yard rule what could not have been accomplished by a 1,500′ setback or any other measure that could be construed as regulation "on the basis of the environmental effects of radio frequency emissions" of the cell antennas. That is the partial preemption in the Telecommunications Act of 1996. The Council also directed the staff to continue working with the residents group on a more complete and thorough cell antenna permitting ordinance. The City is also going to hold a community workshop for that purpose on December 16 at 6:00.
A victory. I will make a video about this, consisting of excerpts from that City Council meeting video.
Mark Graham (name provided with permission)
"Keep Cell Antennas Away From Our Elk Grove Homes (www.KeepCellAntennasAway.org) is a grassroots campaign, started in February of 2018, that seeks to limit the number of new cell antennas and their proximity to homes and schools."
Sent from my hard wired computer
Sharon Noble, Director, Coalition to Stop Smart Meters
"Energy and persistence conquer all things." Benjamin Franklin
www.stopsmartmetersbc.com


text:
CPD Fellows contribute to Guardian special investigation on private health insurance
Effective Government, Fellows
Three CPD Fellows feature prominently in Melissa Davey's 'Sick System, a special investigation series on private health insurance for The Guardian. CPD Fellows Ian McAuley, Jennifer Doggett and Founding Chair and Fellow John Menadue...
Fellow Ian McAuley comments on prosthetics price reforms
Responding to Health Minister Susan Ley's recent announcement on cost-cutting reforms to medical devices and prostheses, CPD Fellow Ian McAuley is cautious in assessing the utility and benefit of the policy. Currently the cost...
Fellow Fiona Armstrong hosts health and climate round-table at Parliament House
Next Monday CPD Fellow Fiona Armstrong, who was recently recognised as one of Australia's 100 most influential women, is facilitating a health sector leadership event and round-table discussion on climate change in Canberra. This historic meeting brings...
Congratulations to Fellow Fiona Armstrong
Fellows, Health
CPD wholeheartedly congratulates Fellow Fiona Armstrong, who was named as one of the '100 Women of Influence 2016' by the Financial Review and Westpac. Fiona was deservedly recognised on the list of prominent Australian women...
Ian McAuley: Private health insurance and public policy
CPD in the news, Effective Government
Today CPD Fellow Ian McAuley delivered a presentation to the 2016 Health Insurance Summit on the subject of private health insurance and its impact on broader public health and policy outcomes in Australia. In...
Menadue and Keating's new book Fairness, Opportunity and Security: Filling the Policy Vacuum
A more equitable school system, Cities and Settlement
CPD founder and fellow John Menadue and former Deputy Secretary of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet Michael Keating launched their new book Fairness, Opportunity and Security: Filling the Policy Vacuum. This book...
Jennifer Doggett, Ian McAuley and John Menadue: No wonder we're wasting money in health care – we got the incentives wrong
Effective Government, Health
A recently-aired ABC Four Corners program aptly titled "Wasted" exposed three areas of unnecessary, ineffective and outright dangerous health interventions, in knee, spinal and heart surgery. The show's host, Norman Swan, presumably extrapolating from...
The Age & The Sydney Morning Herald | January 2014
CPD in the news, Health
Possible side effects of GP co-payments… Terry Barnes, former health adviser to Tony Abbott has raised the idea of a small co-payment for GP visits. The fee would attempt to combat rising healthcare costs...
D!ssent | Number 42, Spring 2013
Health, Pushing our luck
'A new approach to health funding' by CPD fellows and Pushing our luck authors Jennifer Doggett and Ian McAuley… In this article, Jennifer and Ian find health care funding to be one of few...
Inside Story | 12 July 2013
Do we need private health insurance? The most efficient and fairest option is a single national insurer. Ian McAuley, CPDfellow and Adjunct Lecturer in public sector finance at the University of Canberra, discusses the relevance...


Time traveler Kang the Conqueror appears creating havoc while looking for a special crystal obelisk from ancient Egypt. This object would allow him to go back into the future and oppress millions of people. The Avengers must protect the world, past, present and future, at all costs.


text:
Foundation for Contemporary Arts
Grants to Artists
Robert Rauschenberg Award
Performance Art/Theater
Installation and Performance Artist, Archivist
Born 1968, Havana, Cuba
Lives in New York, NY
Photo by Claudio Fuentes.
1/6: Installation view of 10,145,277, at the Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom, 2018. Photo courtesy Tate Modern.
2/6: Performance still from Endgame, at the São João National Theater, Porto, Portugal, 2017. Photo by Ricardo Castelo.
3/6: Performance still from 100 hours reading of Hannah Arendt Origins of Totalitarianism, at the Havana Biennial, Havana, Cuba, 2015. Photo by Estudio Bruguera.
4/6: Documentation of Immigrant Movement International programming, 2011-2015. Photo by Librado Romero and The New York Times.
5/6: Performance still from Tatlin Whisper #6, at the Havana Biennial, Havana, Cuba, 2009. Photo by Estudio Bruguera.
6/6: Performance still from Tatlin Whisper #5, at the Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom, 2008.
Tania Bruguera is a Cuban installation and performance artist whose practice pivots around issues of power and control. Often interrogating and re-presenting events in Cuban history, Bruguera's work investigates how art applies to everyday political life, focusing on the conversion of social affect into political effectiveness.
As the 2018 Tate Modern Hyundai Commissioned Artist, Bruguera fostered the creation of the Tate Neighbours. Comprised of people who live and work in the same London postcode as the Tate Modern, the Tate Neighbours seek to explore how the museum can learn and adapt to its local community. Bruguera's work can be found in the permanent collections of many institutions, including The Bronx Museum of the Arts, Bronx; The Museum of Modern Art, New York; and the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana, Havana, Cuba.
Bruguera initiated the formation of Immigrant Movement International (2010-15), a community agency that provided social services to immigrants and transnational residents. As part of Migrant People Party (2010-15), a "party of ideas" conceived as a new form of mass political organization, Bruguera launched an Immigrant Respect Awareness Campaign and established an international day of actions on December 18, 2011, which the United Nations has designated as International Migrants Day. Bruguera also founded The Arte de Conducta (Behavior Art) program at the Instituto Superior de Arte in Havana, Cuba to study the relationship between performative arts and politics and their possible implementations in society.
Bruguera has been named a National Endowment for the Humanities/Hannah Arendt Center Distinguished Visiting Fellow (2017), a Yale World Fellow (2015), and is the recipient of a Meadows Prize (2013). She holds an M.F.A. in Performance from The School of the Art Institute of Chicago, as well as degrees from the Instituto Superior de Arte and the Escuela de Artes Plásticas San Alejandro in Havana, Cuba.
As an artist I have been researching ways in which Art can be applied to everyday political life, not only as its dispositive for self-reflection but as a way to generate and install models for social interactions that could provide new ways to engage with utopia. The concept of the ephemeral is one that presents itself in the form of the political and its effectiveness. The political is elaborated in my work at specific locations, behaviors, and negotiation processes all with a consciousness of its temporality and range of actions. I consider my work to be contextual art, one that subordinates any pre-conceived notion of aesthetic or artistic strategies to the needs of the here and now, of the currency, weight, and impact of the events in relationship with specific moments of history and audiences. The ephemeral is also located in the problem of authorship, which tends to be distributed and disseminated among the participant-performers in my work.
taniabruguera.com
Since its inception in 1963, the mission of the Foundation for Contemporary Arts has been to encourage, sponsor, and promote innovative work in the arts created and presented by individuals, groups, and organizations. FCA depends on artists to fund its programs; to date, nearly 1,000 artists have contributed paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints, and photographs to help fund grant programs that directly support individual artists working in dance, music/sound, performance art/theater, poetry, and the visual arts. Thus, FCA remains the only institution of its kind: created and sustained by artists to benefit artists.
© Foundation for Contemporary Arts
info@contemporary-arts.org


Are you blown away by the reports that Keeping Up with the Kardashians star Kylie Jenner, 20, might actually be pregnant? So is the rest of the human race! In fact, our sources tell us even Caitlyn Jenner, 67, was shook by the reports! Word has it Caitlyn was hoping that Kylie would wait until her 30s before taking on something as involved as parenthood. Check out loads of Kylie snaps right here!
"Caitlyn was really shocked and disappointed to learn that Kylie is pregnant," a source close to Caitlyn shares with HollywoodLife.com EXCLUSIVELY. "She thinks Kylie is way too young to have a baby, and that she should have waited until she was in a long term committed relationship. Obviously, Kylie has more than enough money to ensure that she can pay for help, but Caitlyn still thinks that having a baby will take a huge toll on Kylie's life. Caitlyn would have liked for Kylie to wait 'til she was in her thirties, but Kylie has always wanted to be a young mom, and she's crazy in love with Travis [Scott, 25], so she didn't want to wait any longer. Caitlyn is concerned that Kylie and Travis really haven't been dating very long, and that a baby will put a big strain on their relationship, but Kylie believes the exact opposite—that she and Travis will be together forever." Wow!
Another insider shared that, despite her misgivings, Caitlyn plans to support Kylie in any way she can. "If Kylie is happy then Caitlyn is happy but she can't believe her baby is all grown up and having a child of her own," the second source relayed to HollywoodLife.com EXCLUSIVELY. "She wants Kylie to know that she will be there whenever she needs it and hopes for the absolute best but it is still pretty crazy to Caitlyn that it happened so fast. She is still wrapping her head around all of it. Caitlyn definitely has mixed emotions over it all." This can't be easy, but it's encouraging to know that, if Kylie is in fact pregnant, she is surrounded with support!
HollywoodLifers, do you agree with Caitlyn? Are you fearful for Kylie or excited? Let us know!


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Appeals, Discipline and Faculty Grievances
About the ADFG Office
Appeal Deadline Calculator
How to File an Appeal
Hearing Process
Pre-Hearing
Post-Hearing
Summaries & Reasons for Decision
Process Specific Resources & Documents
Academic Discipline & Academic Discipline Appeals
Academic Discipline Appeals
Non-Academic Discipline & Non-Academic Discipline Appeals
Non-Academic Discipline
Non-Academic Discipline Appeals
Sexual Violence & Sexual Harassment
University-Mandated Leave Policy
Complaint and Resolution Council for Student Societies (CRCSS)
Advancement Review Panel - CUPE 3902 Unit 3
Clinical Faculty Academic Clinical Tribunal
Clinical Faculty Grievance Review Panel
UTFA Tenure Appeals
UTFA Grievances
UTFA Workload Adjudication
Process Flowcharts
Academic Appeals Process
Academic Discipline & Appeals Process
Non-Academic Discipline & Appeals Process
University-Mandated Leave Process
Case Summaries & Reasons for Decision
Cell phone on desk
FILE: Case #499 (2008-2009)
PARTIES: University of Toronto v. Mr. S.S.
Hearing Date(s): November 26, 2007
Panel Members:
Mr. Raj Anand, Chair
Professor Ikuko Komuro-Lee, Faculty Member
Mr. Christopher Oates, Student Member
Ms. Lily Harmer, Assistant Discipline Counsel for the University, and Ms. Jodi Martin
Mr. Maurice Vaturi, Counsel for the Student, and Mr. Ben Zacks
Mr. S.S., the Student
Trial Division – s. B.i.1(b) of the Code – unauthorized aids – cell phone, cue cards and prior year's examination – unaware of possession of aids and ignorance of how to operate cell phone – invigilator instructions not heard – interpretation of rules – cell phone not defined as unauthorized aid – phrase "ought reasonably to have known" suggests subjective element – Student subjectively knew or ought reasonably to have known that the items were unauthorized aids and ought to have known that the unauthorized aids where in the Student's possession – finding of guilt – continuum of sanctions – see s. C.ii.(b) of the Code – academic status – no evidence aids used or benefited from – first allegation of academic offence – University not compelled to produce evidence of use and benefit in order to enforce rules and impose sanctions – stress and fatigue of preparing for and writing examinations not relevant mitigating factor – academic impact of sanctions is proper consideration – penalty sought by Student too lenient and penalty sought by University excessive for circumstances – grade assignment of zero in course; two-year notation on transcript; and report to Provost
The Student was charged under s. B.i.1(b), and alternatively, s. B.i.3(b) of the Code. The charges related to a final examination in which the Student was found to be in possession of a cell phone, cue cards containing text related to the examination, and a photocopy of a prior year's examination. The Student pleaded "Not Guilty" to both charges. The Student claimed that he was unaware that he had had aids in his jacket pocket and he was ignorant of how to correctly operate his cell phone, having believed that he had turned it off. The Student produced a doctor's report, dated two days after the exam, which stated that the Student was experiencing weakness, fatigue, dehydration and headache. The Student claimed that he felt nervous when he arrived to write the exam and that he did not hear any announcements or the exam invigilator asking him to remove his jacket. The Student claimed that he interpreted the rule that certain items were prohibited "at the desk" to mean "on the desk". The University claimed that the Student knew or ought reasonably to have known that the items found in his possession were unauthorized aids. The Student claimed that while cell phones were prohibited at the exam, the Code did not define a cell phone as an unauthorized aid. The Student claimed that the phrase "ought reasonably to have known" suggested a subjective element that implies the intent to do wrong. The Panel found the Student guilty of having committed an offence under s. B.i.1(b) of the Code. The Student subjectively knew or ought reasonably to have known that the cure cards, the previous year's exam and the cell phone (at least while on) were unauthorized aids and he ought to have known that he had those unauthorized aids in his possession during the exam. With respect to penalty, the University claimed that when a student wilfully disregards the rules, it jeopardizes trust and integrity. The Student submitted that the panel should impose sanctions on the more lenient end of the continuum provided by the Code at s. C.ii.(b). The Panel considered the Student's registration vis-à-vis graduation and requested that the parties provide written submissions on the academic consequences of proposed penalties, addressing both fact and principle. The Panel found that the nature of the offence was at the less serious end of the spectrum of cases, and that there was no evidence that the Student used the cell phone or other aids to assist him in the examination, or that he benefited from their presence. The Panel found that the Student knew from his time at the University, the examinations he had previously written and the warning at the front of the examination in question, that the aids were unauthorized. Whether or not the Student turned his mind to the issue, he ought to have known that he was violating the rules. The Panel observed that the allegation of academic offence was the first against the Student and it found nothing to suggest that a repetition of the offence was likely. The Panel found that the University should not be compelled to produce evidence of actual use and benefit obtained from prohibited notes or similar items before it is able to enforce its rules and impose sanctions, and to disregard the principle that students must check unauthorized aids at the door before writing the exam would compromise the University's processes. The Panel found that stress and fatigue of preparing for and writing examinations was not a relevant mitigating or extenuating circumstance as it had affected almost all students undergoing evaluation and it was inconceivable that the circumstances could justify a violation of the rules. The Panel found that the academic impact of the sanctions proposed by the respective parties was a proper consideration for the Tribunal for several reasons: the impact of the offence on the University's "public" and on the individual in question is a reflection of the twin factors of general and specific deterrence; there is judicial authority for the application of criminal law principles of sentencing in cases of professional or regulatory discipline; under both criminal and administrative law discipline principles, mitigating or extenuating circumstances are relevant; and the criminal and administrative law discipline principles are reflected in the body of Tribunal cases. The Panel observed that only through inquiry and assessment of the implications of its intended penalty can the Tribunal determine which side that evidence supports. The Panel considered precedent cases and found that the penalty sought by the Student was too lenient while the penalty sought by the University was excessive for the circumstances. The Panel imposed a mark of zero in the course; a two-year notation on the Student's academic record and transcript; and that a report be issued to the Provost.


text:
Royal Flight (юридична назва — АТ «Авіакомпанія «РОЯЛ ФЛАЙТ») — колишня російська чартерна авіакомпанія, що виконувала чартерні пасажирські авіаперевезення для туроператорів Coral Travel і Sunmar. Базувалася в аеропорту Шереметьєво. Штаб-квартира була розташована в Москві.

У травні 2022 року авіакомпанія «Royal Flight» припинила всі польоти.

До 11 липня 2014 року авіакомпанія іменувалася Абакан-Авіа та спеціалізувалася в основному на виконання вантажних авіарейсів у міжнародному і внутрішньому напрямку, та наданням інших авіаційних послуг.

Історія
Історія авіакомпанії почалася в 1992 році з моменту реєстрації в Абаканській реєстраційній палаті як юридичної особи під назвою ЗАТ «Авіакомпанія «Абакан-Авіа». У 1993 році перевізник отримав сертифікат експлуатанта і виконав свій перший політ. До 2003 року авіакомпанія була одним із значущих перевізників вантажів з Китаю в Росію.

У 2014 році авіакомпанія Абакан-Авіа перейшла до діяльності з міжнародних пасажирських перевезень та була перейменована в Royal Flight. У флот компанії надійшли літаки Boeing 757-200. 8 березня 2014 року з аеропорту Домодєдово був виконаний перший політ під новою назвою за маршрутом Москва — Анталія.

З 25 травня 2015 року авіакомпанія Royal Flight перевела свої рейси з «Домодєдово» Шереметьєво. З нового аеропорту базування Royal Flight почала польоти в Хургаду, Шарм-еш-Шейх, Анталію, Бодрум, Барселону, на грецькі острови Родос і Крит. Рейси авіакомпанії Royal Flight виконувалися з термінала F аеропорту Шереметьєво.

Маршрутна мережа
 З Красноярська (Емельяново), Новосибірськ, Казань, Челябінськ, Ростов-на-Дону, Кемерово, Уфи, Самари, Пермі — в Гоа;
 З Кемерово, Барнаул, Томська, Новокузнецька, Новосибірська, Омська, Сургут — Бангкок;
 З Москви (Шереметьєво) — у Бодрум, Анталію, Барселону, Гоа, Дубай, Пхукет, Родос, Крит, Макао, Энфиду (з 17 травня 2016 р.)
 З Санкт-Петербурга (Пулково) — в Макао (з 23 травня 2016 р.)
 З Абакана — в Камрань (В'єтнам) (з листопада 2016 р.)
 З Архангельська — до Анталії (Туреччина) (з 2014 року)
 З Казані — у Бангкок (Таїланд)
 З Казані — в Паттаю (Таїланд)

Флот

Станом на Травень 2017 року авіакомпанія експлуатує дев'ять повітряних суден. Середній вік авіапарку становить 18,1 року:

Авіаційні інциденти
При виконанні рейсу 4R 7772 Гоа — Москва екіпажем була виявлена технічна несправність. З метою забезпечення безпеки польоту було прийнято рішення про посадку на запасному аеродромі. Літак з 224 пасажирами на борту благополучно здійснив посадку в аеропорту Астрахані. Ніхто з них не постраждав.

10.04.2017 повітряне судно Боїнг 757-200 яке виконувало рейс «Казань — Паттайя» здійснило посадку в аеропорту «Толмачево» для здійснення дозаправки, а також усунення виявленої в ході польоту технічної несправності. Пасажири були розміщені в готелі.

Примітки

Посилання
 Офіційний сайт авіакомпанії
 Сторінка авіакомпанії Royal Flight  Вконтакте
 Сторінка авіакомпанії на сайті Facebook
 Старий сайт авіакомпанії Абакан-Авіа

Авіакомпанії Росії
Засновані в Росії 2014
Авіакомпанії, що припинили діяльність 2022


Wakulla High has been recognized by Friday Night Football Florida Magazine for having the best team moms in the state.
Wakulla is the winner of the 2015 FNF Magazine Football Team Moms Contest, sponsored by Samsung. As part of the winning prize, FNF Magazine and Samsung will make a $1,000 donation to the school's booster program. Wakulla's team moms will also receive a story and photo in the 2016 edition of FNF Florida Magazine.
The Wakulla team moms took part in a check presentation at halftime of Wakulla's opening home playoff game against Bay on Nov. 13. The Wakulla booster program put the $1,000 contest prize toward funding a new inflatable helmet, which will serve as the players' entrance to the field in the opening playoff game. To read more about Wakulla's team moms and their fundraising effort, visit https://fnfmagazine.com/franks-family/.


text:
Country Resources
"ACA's journal, Arms Control Today, remains the best in the market. Well focused. Solidly researched. Prudent."
– Hans Blix
Former IAEA Director-General
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty at a Glance
North Korea, United States Issue Threats as Deadline Approaches | North Korea Denuclearization Digest, December 11, 2019
The Decision to End U.S. Nuclear Testing
Treaties and Agreements
Fact Sheets & Briefs
Last Reviewed:
Contact: Daryl Kimball, Executive Director, (202) 463-8270 x107
The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) prohibits "any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion" anywhere in the world. The treaty was opened for signature in September 1996, and has been signed by 184 nations and ratified by 168. The treaty cannot enter into force until it is ratified by 44 specific nations, eight of which have yet to do so: China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, Israel, Iran, Egypt, and the United States. The U.S. Senate voted against CTBT ratification in 1999, and though in 2009 President Barack Obama announced his intention to seek Senate reconsideration of the treaty, he did not pursue the initative, though the United States did see through UN Security Council Resolution 2310, which was the first UN Security Council resolution to support the CTBT.
The 2018 Trump administration Nuclear Posture Reviews notes, "Although the United States will not seek ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, it will continue to support the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Committee as well as the International Monitoring System [IMS] and the International Data Center [IDC]. The United States will not resume nuclear explosive testing unless necessary to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the U.S. nuclear arsenal, and calls on all states possessing nuclear weapons to declare or maintain a moratorium on nuclear testing."
In order to verify compliance with its provisions, the treaty establishes a global network of monitoring facilities and allows for on-site inspections of suspicious events. The overall accord contains a preamble, 17 treaty articles, two treaty annexes, and a protocol with two annexes detailing verification procedures.
For more on the CTBT text itself, see below. For more on issues related to the treaty, see Now More Than Ever: The Case for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.
The preamble, which lists disarmament principals and objectives, sets the overall political context of the treaty. In particular, it stresses the need for the continued reduction of nuclear weapons worldwide with the ultimate goal of their elimination. Also of significance, the preamble recognizes that a CTBT will constitute an effective measure of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation by "constraining the development and qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and ending the development of advanced new types of nuclear weapons." It further recognizes that a test ban will constitute "a meaningful step in the realization of a systematic process to achieve nuclear disarmament."
Article I establishes that all states parties are prohibited from conducting "any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion." On the basis of the negotiating record, this includes all nuclear explosions, in accordance with President Bill Clinton's August 1995 "zero yield" proposal.
Article II establishes the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), which ensures treaty implementation and provides states-parties with a forum for consultation and cooperation. The organization consists of a Conference of the States Parties, an Executive Council and a Technical Secretariat. The organization, which is located in Vienna, is structurally independent from, but operating in collaboration with, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
The Conference of the States Parties is the overall governing body of the organization. It handles treaty-related policy issues and oversees the treaty's implementation, including the activities of the Executive Council and the Technical Secretariat. The conference meets once a year, unless otherwise decided.
The Executive Council, which meets regularly and acts as the treaty's principal decision-making body, consists of 51 members. In order to distribute membership evenly throughout the world, the Executive Council comprises 10 states-parties from Africa; seven from Eastern Europe; nine from Latin America and the Caribbean; seven from the Middle East and South Asia; ten from North America and Western Europe; and eight from Southeast Asia, the Pacific and the Far East. The states in each of these geographical regions are listed in Annex 1 to the treaty.
The members of the council are elected by the conference. In order to ensure that those countries with a vested interest in a comprehensive test ban are adequately represented in the council, at least one-third of the seats allotted to each region will be filled by states-parties on the basis of their nuclear capabilities applicable to the treaty, such as the number of monitoring facilities they contribute to the International Monitoring System (IMS). One seat allocated to each region will be designated on an alphabetical basis and the remaining seats will be determined by rotation or elections. Thus, each state-party will eventually have the opportunity to serve on the council.
The Technical Secretariat is the primary body responsible for implementing the treaty's verification provisions. In this capacity, it supervises the operation of the IMS and receives, processes, analyzes and reports on the system's data. It also manages the International Data Center (IDC) and performs procedural tasks related to conducting on-site inspections. Until the treaty enters into force, these functions are being handled by the Provisional Technical Secretariat.
Article III requires each state-party, in accordance with its constitutional process, to take any necessary measures to implement its treaty obligations.
Verification and Compliance
Article IV and the verification protocol establish the treaty's verification regime, which consists of four basic elements: the IMS, consultation and clarification, on-site inspections, and confidence-building measures. The verification regime will not be completely operational until the treaty enters into force. For instance, on-site inspections cannot be authorized until the treaty formally comes into effect.
The purpose of the IMS is to detect nuclear explosions, which are prohibited under Article I. The monitoring system comprises a network of 50 primary and 120 auxiliary seismological monitoring stations designed to detect seismic activity and distinguish between natural events, such as earthquakes, and nuclear explosions. In addition, the system incorporates 80 radionuclide stations and 16 radionuclide laboratories that seek to identify radioactivity released during a nuclear explosion. The IMS also includes 60 infrasound (acoustic) and 11 hydroacoustic stations designed to pick up the sound of a nuclear explosion conducted in the atmosphere or underwater, respectively. The host state and the location of each facility is listed in Annex 1 to the protocol. There will be a total of 337 IMS certified facilities.
Information collected by the IMS is transmitted to the IDC—an essential part of the Technical Secretariat responsible for data storage and processing. Because the IMS generates an enormous amount of raw data, the IDC will regularly provide states-parties with a number of services designed to help them monitor compliance with the treaty's provisions. In this regard, the data center produces integrated lists of all signals picked up by the IMS, as well as standard event lists and bulletins. In accordance with the parameters outlined in Annex 2 to the protocol, the center also generates standard event bulletins that screen out those events that appear to be of a non-nuclear nature. However, notwithstanding this analysis role, the IDC must make both the raw and processed information available to all states-parties.
The consultation and clarification component of the verification regime encourages states-parties to attempt to resolve, either among themselves or through the organization, possible instances of non-compliance before requesting an on-site inspection. A state-party must provide clarification of an ambiguous event within 48 hours of receiving such a request from another state-party or the Executive Council.
Each state-party has the right to request an on-site inspection in the territory of the party in question. The inspection request must be based on information collected by the IMS; data obtained through national technical means (NTM) of verification, such as satellites, in a manner consistent with international law; or a combination of IMS and NTM information. The request must contain the approximate geographical coordinates and the estimated depth of the ambiguous event, the proposed boundaries of the area to be inspected (not to exceed 1,000 square kilometers), the state-party or parties to be inspected, the probable environment and estimated time of event, all evidence upon which the request is based, the identity of the proposed observer (if available) and the results of the consultation and clarification process (if any).
The Executive Council would make a decision on the on-site inspection request within 96 hours of its receipt from the requesting state-party. The inspection would be authorized to proceed if it has been approved by at least 30 of the council's 51-members, the so-called "green light" procedure. An inspection team would arrive at the point of entry within six days of the council's receipt of the inspection request. During the course of the inspection, the inspection team may submit a proposal to extend the inspection to begin drilling, which must be approved by 26 council members. The duration of the inspection must not exceed 60 days, but may be extended by a maximum of 70 additional days (subject to council approval) if the inspection team determines that more time is needed to fulfill its mandate.
If the Executive Council rejects an on-site inspection request (or terminates an inspection already underway) because it is of a frivolous or abusive nature, the council may impose punitive measures on the requesting state-party. In this regard, it may require the requesting state-party to provide financial compensation for preparations made by the Technical Secretariat and may suspend the party's right to request an inspection and serve on the council for an unspecified period of time.
The verification regime also incorporates confidence-building measures intended to promote treaty compliance. In order to reduce the likelihood that verification data may be misconstrued, each state-party voluntarily provides the Technical Secretariat with notification of any chemical explosion involving a magnitude of 300 tons or more of TNT-equivalent on its territory. Each state-party may also assist the Technical Secretariat in the calibration of IMS stations.
In order to ensure compliance with the treaty's provisions, Article V empowers the conference to revoke a state-party's rights under the treaty, recommend to the states-parties punitive measures such as sanctions or bring the case to the attention of the United Nations. Article VI describes the mechanism by which disputes pertaining to the application or interpretation of the treaty may be settled.
Amendment Process
Under Article VII, each state-party has the right to propose amendments to the treaty after its entry into force. Any proposed amendment requires the approval of a simple majority of states-parties at an amendment conference with no party casting a negative vote.
Peaceful Nuclear Explosions
Under Article VIII, a conference will be held 10 years after the treaty's entry into force to review the implementation of its provisions, including the preamble. At this review conference, any state-party may request that the issue of so-called "peaceful nuclear explosions" (PNEs) be put on the agenda. However, the presumption is that PNEs remain prohibited unless certain virtually insurmountable obstacles are overcome. First, the review conference must decide without objection that PNEs may be permitted, then an amendment to the treaty must also be approved without objection at a separate amendment conference, as is explained above. The amendment must also demonstrate that no military benefits would result from such explosions. This double hurdle makes it extremely unlikely that peaceful nuclear explosions would ever be permitted under the treaty.
Duration and Withdrawal
Under Article IX, the treaty has an unlimited duration. In addition, each state-party has the right to withdraw from the treaty if it decides, "extraordinary events related to the subject matter of this Treaty have jeopardized its supreme interests." Notice of intent to withdraw must be given at least six months in advance.
Article X specifies that the treaty's annexes, protocol and annexes to the protocol are a formal part of the treaty. Article XI declares that the treaty is open to all states for signature prior to its entry into force. Article XII maintains that each signatory state will ratify the treaty according to its own constitutional procedures. Under Article XIII, any state that has not signed the treaty prior to its entry into force may accede to it any time thereafter.
Entry into Force
Under Article XIV, the treaty will not enter into force until it has been signed and ratified by 44 states listed by name in Annex 2. These states include the five original nuclear weapon states—United States, Russia, Britain, France and China—as well as India, Israel, North Korea, and Pakistan. (Actual entry into force would occur 180 days after all 44 states deposit their instruments of ratification with the UN Secretary General.) The 44 states, all of which are participating members of the recently expanded Conference on Disarmament, possess nuclear power and research reactors as determined by the IAEA.
Until entry into force, conferences may be held for those states that have already deposited their instruments of ratification to "decide by consensus what measures consistent with international law may be undertaken to accelerate the ratification process." Since 1999, the Conference Facilitating Entry Into Force of the CTBT has been convened every other year.
Other Provisions
Article XV stipulates that the treaty's provisions will not be subject to reservations. Article XVI establishes the UN Secretary General as the depositary of the treaty. Under Article XVII, the treaty will be authentic in six languages.


Hi! I am a boy who mines Bitcoin and other altcoins and likes to blog about it.
What is Mining and What is a Pool?
If you don't know what either of these are, definitely read this first.
What are the Biggest Mining pools?
Antpool: This is the pool with the highest hashrate. It is owned by Bitmain, the company that creates Antminers. It seems to be pretty good, and they are currently giving free stuff to some of their miners.
BTC.TOP: I don't know very much about this pool because it is a Chinese pool and all of the words are in Chinese.
BTC.com: From what I can tell, it seems to have a pretty good interface. BTC.com also has a very nice chart that shows the distribution of hashes by pool.
F2Pool: This pool has been around for a long time. It looks like it has a pretty good interface.
BTCC: This one is also in Chinese, so I can't really tell much about it.
Slushpool: This is the pool I personally use. They have a Bitcoin and Zcash pool. There are multiple reasons why I use and like this pool. For one, they have an amazing interface that can tell you anything you want with ease. They are also one of the oldest mining pools, and they have a great reputation. One of the major reasons I picked it is because the instructions are very clear and easy to follow, especially for a newbie. I would 100% recommend using Slushpool. I talk a little about how to set up using Slushpool here.
SuprNova: I have to mention SuprNova for one reason. As well as having a pool for Bitcoin, it has a pool for basically any coin you would ever want to mine. They have pools for around 40 coins! Aside from that though, it doesn't have much going for it. Its interface is horrible and not user-friendly at all. I would not recommend using this for any of the big coins. Only use it for small coins.
My personal opinion is that Slushpool is the best. If you disagree with me, feel free to tell me. Also, I would like to expand the descriptions of the pools that I don't know much about, so please, if you know much about them, tell me. I would like to improve this list. You can find me on Bitcointalk.org as BitcoinboyBlog.
NextWhat are Bitcoin Gold and SegWit2x?
You can tip me to if you would like. All donations are greatly appreciated.


To install the additional software (optional), your computer needs an internet connection.
*Calculated by measuring the complete signal path from analog input to analog output. Competitors often measure the response of single components only.


text:
Ryan Misleads on Safety Net's Impact on ...
Ryan Misleads on Safety Net's Impact on Work
Speaking today at the Conservative Political Action Conference, House Speaker Paul Ryan argued that the safety net discourages work, claiming that if a single mother of two making roughly $20,000 "gets a raise she'll lose 80 cents on the dollar" in higher taxes and lower government benefits, "or if she goes to work she loses more benefits than she gains in going to work." Our new paper shows why these sorts of claims, which Speaker Ryan and other critics of the safety net have made before, are highly misleading. Here's the opening:
Some critics of various low-income assistance programs argue that the safety net discourages work. In particular, they contend that people receiving assistance from these programs can receive more, or nearly as much, from not working — and receiving government aid — than from working. Or they argue that low-paid workers have little incentive to work more hours or seek higher wages because losses in government aid will cancel out the earnings gains.
Careful analysis of the data and research demonstrates, however, that such charges are largely incorrect and that it pays to work. In the overwhelming majority of cases, in fact, adults in poverty are significantly better off if they get a job, work more hours, or receive a wage hike. Various changes in the safety net over the past two decades have transformed it into more of what analysts call a "work-based safety net" and substantially increased incentives to work for people in poverty.
Indeed, evidence from a new Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study, as well as other data and research, show that:
Working is nearly always substantially better from a financial standpoint than not working. A critical question is whether the safety net is designed so it is worthwhile for someone who isn't working to take a job. The answer is clear: the financial incentive to take a job is unmistakable.
To illustrate, we first consider taxes that apply to all poor single-parent families that work, along with benefits that go to all such families that qualify for them. After taking into account state and federal taxes, including federal tax credits like the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and Child Tax Credit (which grow for low earners as their earnings rise), plus SNAP food assistance, a hypothetical single mother with two children taking a half-time job at the federal minimum wage gains over $10,000 in net annual income compared to not working. Her family's income more than doubles. If she takes a full-time job at the federal minimum wage, her family is nearly $20,000 better off than if she doesn't work; her family's net income quadruples. Since the EITC and Child Tax Credit rise more for these families as earnings increase than their SNAP benefits decline, their assistance from government policies rises as they work more. The safety net as a whole thus increases their incentive to work.
We also consider scenarios in which families receive Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) benefits or housing assistance, which are not available to most poor families that meet those programs' eligibility criteria. Even in the relatively infrequent examples where poor families receive both TANF and housing assistance, which generally phase down as earnings rise, the families' incomes typically are substantially higher off if they work than if they don't.
Workers in poverty typically have a greater incentive to work more hours or at higher wages than other workers do. Workers with earnings below the poverty line face "marginal tax rates" — i.e., the reduction in benefits or increase in taxes for each additional dollar earned — that are typically well below those that other workers face. The median or typical worker with earnings below half of the poverty line has a marginal tax rate of 14 percent, according to CBO's recent analysis of marginal tax rates, meaning that he or she loses 14 cents in higher taxes and/or lower benefits for each additional dollar earned. Workers with earnings between 50 and 100 percent of the poverty line typically face marginal tax rates of 24 percent. In contrast, the groups of earners with somewhat higher incomes that CBO examined typically have marginal tax rates of about 33 or 34 percent.
Workers just above the poverty line typically also gain substantially from working additional hours or obtaining higher wages. Workers with earnings between 100 and 150 percent of the poverty line typically face marginal tax rates of 34 percent, according to CBO, or less than half the 80 or 90 percent rates that some critics of low-income assistance programs incorrectly portray as the norm (see graph).
Critics' examples assume that workers receive an unusual combination of benefits that few low-income workers actually get. The often-cited examples are generally atypical worst-case scenarios that apply only to a small fraction of families with children — namely, families that: a) have income in certain fairly narrow ranges, typically just above the poverty line; and b) receive an unusual combination of government benefits, all or most of which phase down in the same income range. We estimate that only about 3 percent of single mothers with two children and earnings below 150 percent of the poverty line (below about $29,000) receive the EITC, SNAP, and either TANF or housing aid (or both) and are in the earnings range where these benefits all phase down simultaneously — and consequently face marginal tax rates above 80 percent. The proportion is even smaller for other family configurations.
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Federal Tax, Tax Credits for Individuals and Families, Poverty and Inequality, Food Assistance, Family Income Support
Ryan Work Disincentive Claim Doesn't Square With New CBO Figures
Policymakers Often Overstate Marginal Tax Rates for Lower-Income Workers and Gloss Over Tough Trade-Offs in Reducing Them
Marginal Tax Rates: Often Overstated and Tough to Lower
EITC and Child Tax Credit Promote Work, Reduce Poverty, and Support Children's Development, Research Finds
PreviousImproving Health Care Access for American Indians and Alaska Natives
NextTrump's Tax Misstatement


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[ARCHIVED] New Exhibit Profiles Pioneer Architect Marion Mahony Griffin
In Her Own Right: Marion Mahony Griffin
October 7, 2016-March 12, 2017
Marion Mahony Griffin (1871-1961) was one of America's first female architects, a Chicagoan also known as a skilled artist, environmentalist, and community activist. A central contributor to the Prairie School of Architecture, her drawings of the Unity Temple and many other projects introduced Frank Lloyd Wright's early work to the world. Mahony Griffin was the first woman architect registered in Illinois who became a pioneer in architecture and community planning. A key member of Wright's Oak Park Studio for 15 years, she and husband Walter Burley Griffin won the international design competition for Canberra, Australia's national capital.


Looking forward to aikido tonight. It has been hard to get to class regularly for the last three weeks. First, I'm dealing with a family illness. Then I had this weird muscle pull, which I think was actually caused by lower back strain (which I'm prone to). Then a week on vacation.
Anyway, looking forward to practice.
I have managed to get some good bike riding in. It is already quite hot here in the Dallas area, so I've been doing some evening riding. Its really nice – much cooler.


Sheebah might have turned down a musical battle with fellow singer Cindy but from the moves being made by both artistes, it looks like this is going to turn into a battle of insults.
Sheebah recently launched an attack on Cindy reminding her that she has not built a house despite spending so many years in the music industry.
Now Cindy has also clapped back saying that Sheebah and many other female artistes signed to record labels, are dummies who have no say on the kind of music they release.
"Most of the female artistes right now don't write their own music, they are all under labels. They are being told and taught what to do. They are funded so they are basically dummies," Cindy proudly said in response to a question asked about the battle during UBC TV's Horizon Vibe show.
It is no secret that Sheebah is signed to Team No Sleep and is managed by Jeff Kiwa. She also employs song writers for most, if not all, of her music. Cindy therefore feels that she is way ahead of Sheebah and says that the battle right now would not be fair to Sheebah.
"We are not at the same level. Sheebah is a great artiste, she is very entertaining. She just needs a little more practice and then we can have a battle which is fair because it wouldn't be fair to put me on a stage with Sheebah right now," she said.
Cindy threw in another jab calling Sheebah a 'CD artiste' who cannot perform with a live band and therefore a battle right now would just destroy her.
"You cannot do a battle on CD. It has to be live," Cindy provoked.
Well we can only wait for Sheebah's response.


Partnerships: a strategy for the weak?
Check out this graph. It compares Spotify's paying subscriptions to Apple Music's. Apple doesn't play a partnership game with regards to its music. All channels are in its own possession; itunes, the phones, tablets, and computers.
Spotify, to the contrary, looks to partnerships for every new customer touch point they create: from Uber, to Nike, to Starbucks. And it seems to be keeping Spotify ahead of the tech giant Apple!
Apple Music is another case of partnerships being undervalued in business strategy. Too often businesses opt to go at it alone, when they would actually be better off partnering.
We don't know enough about how partnerships work, and how to improve in wielding partnership potential. Therefore I'll be sharing all I know on designing game changing partnerships using the Business Model, and Partnership Canvas, during my upcoming Partnership Design Masterclass in Amsterdam, on September 19th. Do join!


Path Finder is a simple finger-runner. You just need to keep your finger on the screen, stay inside the line and walk through an odd and unpredictable path. No matter what, donÔÇÖt let the small red dot to leave the path! Features: - Easy to difficult game mode. - Simple but elegant graphics. - Very addictive gameplay. - Easier control over the object. . Download Now to enjoy most addictive game on your android wear. Teensy is an indie game studio, with a tight, innovative and creative team of developers and designers. We are here to revolutionize the social gaming experience of game players by embedding features in our games that make them easy to play in bitesize chunks, but socially!


Alibaba.com offers 930 south africa maize flour milling machine products. such as paid samples, free samples.
maize milling machine,maize grinding machine,maize milling. Henan Kingshine Machinery Co., we are also a professional Africa maize milling.
south africa maize milling machine for sale from king shine machinery is at the best price,the advantages of mini rice machine.maize flour mill; wheat machine.


If you're struggling to come up with just the right words to say about your business on camera then you're not alone. At eTown Videos we have dealt with all types of businesses and one of our primary objectives is to help our clients tell their unique story with a web video. There are many approaches one can take, however in this post I would like to provide you with a basic guide which should help you in formulating your script or responses.
Get the viewers' attention: One of the first goals for your video is to get the viewers' attention with an opening statement. For example, many business owners accomplish this first step by addressing a problem that their product or service solves. Make the statement or your comments compelling enough so that the viewers will want to stay around for the entire video and listen to the valuable information that you are about to provide.
Background about your business, your unique selling proposition: At this point you need to provide the viewer with a brief outline of how long you have been in business and some of your unique selling propositions that make your business different. Now offer valuable and important insight on how to solve some common problems that consumers face.
Call to action: It happens more often than you may think, but marketers spent a lot of dollars to create a high level of engagement and interest, and then neglected to tell the viewers what to do next and how to get their product. Therefore, make sure you tell them how they can get in touch with you. Provide the viewer with your Facebook page, your Twitter feed, your web address, phone number, or the location of your business.
And remember, you're not alone, here at eTown Videos it is our job to guide you through this process and create an engaging and attention grabbing video for your organization. We have conducted hundreds of interviews over the years and it may take 30 minutes for each full minute of a completed video production, but the time and effort is well worth the result.
If you found this basic guide to web video storytelling helpful please Like and Share. Thank you.


text:
Ombu Group
Ombu Companies
South West Water becomes first client for i2O's new iNet solution
Home / South West Water becomes first client for i2O's new iNet solution
OMBU NEWS 2016
South West Water, the provider of water and wastewater services to 1.7 million residents of Cornwall, Devon, Dorset and Somerset, has adopted new data analytics software from i2O, the smart water network technology company, to monitor the condition of Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVs) on its 15,000 kilometre network.
The first water company in the world to deploy i2O's iNet technology, South West Water has deployed 250 i2O PRV condition monitoring loggers across its distribution network to record and communicate pressure data to i2O's iNet system. iNet then makes inferences about the condition of PRV assets by using a series of unique algorithms to analyse the data and provides regular reports on asset condition to South West Water's engineers.
The implementation enables the water company to schedule PRV service visits based on the actual condition of its assets instead of relying on time-based maintenance or responding to PRV failures only once they have occurred.
Bob Taylor, Operations Director at South West Water, comments: "With iNet i2O has developed a cutting edge system that addresses a very real need that we have. By working in partnership with i2O we are able to improve customer service, reduce service interruptions and work more efficiently. The savings we expect to make on PRV maintenance alone will more than justify the investment we are making in a very short period of time. We are proud to be pioneering this data led approach to PRV maintenance which promises significant benefits to our customers and service operations."
Joel Hagan, CEO of i2O, comments: "We are delighted to be working with South West Water which is a leader in the UK water industry and a pioneer in its use of data and analytics. Our iNet system enables water companies to maximise the value of data from permanently deployed loggers at points of interest in the network and has a big role to play in helping water companies improve how they serve customers and address the challenges they face."
About Ombu
We support the management teams we back in every way we can, using our experience, knowledge and networks to help them create substantial, durable businesses
25 Upper Brook Street
W1K 7QD
Email: ombu@ombugroup.com
Esval selects i2o's dNet smart water network solutionOMBU NEWS 2016
Iceotope accelerates architectural visualisations for F10 StudiosOMBU NEWS 2016


text:
cask 'wxcrafter' do
  version :latest
  sha256 :no_check

  url 'http://codelite.org/downloads/wxCrafter/wxCrafterDownloads.php?osx'
  name 'wxCrafter'
  homepage 'https://wxcrafter.codelite.org/'

  depends_on macos: '>= :mountain_lion'

  app 'wxCrafter.app'

  zap delete: [
                '~/Library/Application Support/wxcrafter',
                '~/Library/Preferences/wxcrafter.plist',
              ]
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Any chance you can add TWD 160 (just released) to the sambuild 3.0? Thanks in advance!!!
Anyway to use updated code in VP (like Chad H's Jurassic Park)?
Jurassic Park Unofficial 6.0 , Tales from the crypt unofficial 4.0, Star Wars unofficial 1.04/1.05/1.07 are already supported in the VPinmame. All you need are the roms. I think they are available on this site, I'm running all 3 on my cab.
Are you referring to an update to the directoutputconfig.ini? I don't use the directb2s backglass for this game just to ensure thats not a problem. I have no other games with this weird issue.
I like this LE version alot, however if I keep the controller for VPINMAME (cController= 1), the external flashers on my game won't work., If I set the game to directb2s mode (cController = 3), the external flashers work but the controlled playfield lamps stop working. Very strange.
Can you run the rom in the vpinmame test? I just tried the table and it works fine with 160h rom. This is the LE don't forget, so you need the LE rom.


Welcome to my new series, 31 Days of Teaching History! I'm Stacey, and you can read a little more about my blog here. This post will serve as the index page for the 31 Days of Teaching History series so you can easily check back here to find all of the currently-published posts in order.
We'll take a look at the way history is traditionally taught in schools, especially public schools. We'll look at the way textbooks are made, how the standardized testing craze affects history curricula, etc.
Then we'll look at a refreshingly different way to teach history. We'll talk about "Living Books" vs. textbooks, and how to identify and find them.
We'll cover how to plan and schedule a history curriculum using living books.
Then we'll talk about adding in resources like timelines, maps, YouTube videos and other fun stuff.
We'll also cover integrating literature and writing with history and alternatives to multiple choice history tests.
I hope you'll join me for this series and feel inspired and equipped to teach this subject at home!
Table of Contents – You are here.
I'm so excited to follow this series!


text:
Q: Show $a^2+b^2 \equiv 0 \mod p$ has no solutions except $a \equiv b \equiv 0 \mod p \Longleftrightarrow -1$ is a non-square modulo $p$. I was looking at this question: Field in $\mathbb{F}_3$.
One of the answers states: "So you have to show that $a^2+b^2=0$ has no solutions modulo $7$ besides $a=0=b$ (modulo $7$, of course). Can you show this is equivalent to $−1$ being a nonsquare modulo $7$?"
How do we prove this statement? I tried showing in general:
Let $p$ be a prime. Then $a^2+b^2 \equiv 0 \mod p$ has no solutions except $a \equiv b \equiv 0 \mod p \Longleftrightarrow -1$ is a non-square modulo $p$.
$(\Rightarrow):$ Suppose that $a^2+b^2 \equiv 0 \mod p \Longleftrightarrow a \equiv b \equiv 0 \mod p$. If $-1$ is congruent to a square $\mod p$, then either $a$ or $b$ must be equal to $1$, but we assumed $a \equiv b \equiv 0 \mod p$ to be the only solution, so this can't be the case.
$(\Leftarrow):$ How do we show this direction?

A: Prove the contrapositive: if $a^2+b^2\equiv0\pmod p$ does have solutions other than $a\equiv b\equiv 0$, then $-1$ is a square modulo $p$.
So, suppose $a^2+b^2\equiv0\pmod p$ where $a,b$ are not both $0$ modulo $p$.  Without loss of generality suppose $b\not\equiv0$; then $b$ has a multiplicative inverse $c$ and we have
$$(ac)^2+(bc)^2\equiv0\quad\Rightarrow\quad (ac)^2+1\equiv0$$
so $-1$ is congruent to $(ac)^2$ which is obviously a square.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


epic more like pegi 18. If only this was actualy in real life and you work there as a night guard. it would be so creepy as souls could take over the suit.
The DLC I have a question has anyone gotten the Down Loadable Content on your phones or tablets if not possible they should make it possible. Also I am only geting version 1.0 can you guys please work on that so we can get version 1.1 thanks. I will Chang my 4 stars to 5 after fixed.
I like this game and its scary but... There r a few minor bugs that annoy me. The sounds of running from door to door keep repeating even when I'm not moving and I still don't hear breathing but that could just be me. But other than that I love the game. Also if ever stop working on new games and you have a day or 2 all your FNAF games need some bug fixing. I know your working on that movie though so take your time Scott.
Seryna I like this game it's ok it's kind of slow but I can handle it. Scott cawthon must of put a lot of work in this game because I can never even get to 5am the highest of time I have gotten too is 4am this game is awesome thanks scott you rock.
Thank you Scott. Iv gone through a lot in the time that your many games have been released. ( and yes I also enjoy your games like sit and survive and there is no pause button) but....your talent and ( absolutely amazing mind...you can make one heck of a mystery....and jumpscare.
Crashed Samsung Galaxy Core Prime Would be 5 stars but so far, FNaF 1 and 4 have crashed on me. Please fix, and your 5th star will be rewarded. Great games though!
Great but I hope to see... There is a problem which I hope you fix in the near future. When bonnie and Chica are looking around the corner it's like a stop animation or they cut a scene. I really love this game and I sux because it was 5 am on night two and foxy killed me....I was not expecting that...anyways I have a galaxy s5 and barely any apps on my phone so it can't be the phone its not that old right?


Eugene Rakow managed to shoot himself in the heart with a nail gun and survive to tell the tale. There are actually a number of people that have managed to do this with various body parts, but surely being shot in the heart is not good news no matter what it is that you have been shot by. He not only survived it, but had no long term damage.


text:
NY woman pleads guilty to stealing from construction workers' union
An Irvington, N.Y., woman was charged with stealing millions from members of the construction workers' union, Local 147. Melissa King, 60, pleaded guilty in Manhattan Federal Court on Friday to stealing some, but not all, of the $42 million she was charged with embezzling from pension and employee benefit plans from her company, King Care, which administered benefits on behalf of Local 147, the New York Post reported. "Um, I plead guilty, but I don't plead guilty to millions of dollars,'' King said. According to U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York Preet Bharara, King used the millions to fund an extravagant lifestyle, which included spending millions on antique jewelry and horses.
Local 147 represents the union workers who build subways, bridge foundations and other underground construction projects. "For years, Melissa King betrayed the hard-working union members who relied on her to safeguard their pensions, and in the end she left them deprived of financially secure retirements," Bharara said in a statement issued early Friday evening, as reported by LoHud.com.
[LoHud.com] and [Post]
Constructionlabor unions
Sam Zell's Equity Lifestyle Properties invests $147M in manufactured homes
Bad vibes threaten Rybak's Upper East Side project
Supply-chain crisis likely to persist well beyond 2022: Prologis
$24M metro station for $3B Texas development breaks ground
Developers break ground on 500-unit LIC project with $220M loan
Construction payments startup Flashtract closes $15M Series A
Paramount+ debuting drama inspired by NYC construction boss
Supply-chain woes slow new-home construction, raise prices to record high