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Dance Show 'Soul Train' May Boogie onto Broadway
NEW YORK (AP) — The groundbreaking song-and-dance show "Soul Train" is chugging toward Broadway.
Stage and film producer Matthew Weaver, who helped create "Rock of Ages," has acquired the theatrical stage rights to the TV show and said Tuesday he's hoping to repeat his success by turning "Soul Train" into a show that attracts both die-hard Broadway fans and those who usually avoid Times Square.
"I'm nervous and I'm humbled and I'm excited," said Weaver, who heads the production company MediaWeaver Entertainment. "I do think we're the right people to do it because I think it's got to have that spirit of 'Rock of Ages,' which is part old-fashioned musical but also part party."
"Soul Train," with its trademark animated train opening, provided a national, weekly showcase for R&B artists, black culture and fashion, and gave advertisers an entree to the black consumer market. It later had to compete with video shows on BET that broadcast black artists, and eventually MTV and VH-1.
The TV show, a sort of black version of "American Bandstand," featured such acts as James Brown, Al Green, Ike and Tina Turner, Hall & Oates, Donna Summer, Marvin Gaye, The Jackson 5, Aretha Franklin, Stevie Wonder, Elton John, Whitney Houston, David Bowie, Prince, Run D.M.C. and Destiny's Child during its 35-year run. Moves that "Soul Train" dancers developed spread nationwide.
Don Cornelius started the music and dance show in 1970 in Chicago and served as its host until 1993. It aired in syndication from 1971 until 2006 and spun off an awards show that is still aired. Cornelius killed himself in 2012.
Weaver recalled growing up in New York and making sure to watch "Soul Train" every Saturday morning, mesmerized by the dance, fashion and music. He plans to next hire a writer and get music rights. His only timeframe for the stage is "when the story's right."
"'Rock of Ages' is an awesome show, but it's not just because we have 'Sister Christian' and 'Don't Stop Believin" and serve liquor in the aisles that that show is still running five years later. It's still running because we have a great story and great characters," said Weaver.
"To me, that's the heart of 'Soul Train' — a great story and great characters. The music will be great, the fashion will be great, the ambiance, the vibe. But if you don't have a good story, none of that means anything."
Weaver, who produced such films as "We're the Millers" and "The Heartbreak Kid," has grown "Rock of Ages" into an international brand, with a film version, three national tours and productions of the show in Las Vegas, London, Australia, Toronto, Japan and South Korea.
With 35 years of music on "Soul Train," Weaver has plenty of song possibilities, depending on what the final story is. But he's hopeful he can build a powerful score. "We had a lot of luck on 'Rock,' so hopefully we have the same karma here," he said.
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The Green New Deal & Climate Change – Why capitalism must go
Posted by: Socialist Party Oct 22, 2019
The 2018/2019 school year marked the start of a global youth-led movement against climate change. Governments were pushed to declare climate emergencies and to propose action against the crisis. In this article, Myriam Poizat looks at the Green New Deal, a resolution put forward by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (AOC), left-wing congresswoman in the US, and how such a reform could be a step forward in the struggle for socialism.
July 2019 was the warmest month ever recorded on Earth, with temperatures peaking all across the globe and breaking records in at least 12 countries. (1) The heatwave in France, which hit a record 46 degrees Celsius, claimed the lives of 1,500 people. (2) This is but the latest of the ubiquitous examples of climate change impacting the real lives of billions of people as greenhouse gas pollution continues to increase, trapping heat in the atmosphere and raising the world's temperature.
The production of unsustainable levels of CO2 emissions dates back to the late 19th century, with the development of industrial capitalism. However, half of all CO2 emissions have been produced since 1990, and just 100 companies have been responsible for 71% of CO2 emissions since 1988. 91% of all greenhouse gas emissions have been produced by the fossil fuel industry. (3)
To prevent global warming reaching the tipping point of 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, which would make the effects of climate change irreversible, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has called on governments to take "unprecedented" action to achieve "rapid and far-reaching transitions"(4) in energy, agriculture, urban infrastructure and industrial systems. While the IPCC stance is worrying enough, many reputable scientists would consider those studies to be conservative, insisting that our emissions must be reduced even more dramatically than implied in this IPCC report.(5)
Capitalism is burning the planet
Despite the warnings of scientists worldwide, the political establishments around the world have resisted taking the necessary actions to end the extraction and the burning of fossil fuels, which is the largest piece of the pie to tackle. While Leo Varadkar's government is planning to increase the Carbon Tax in the 2020 budget, (6) ensuring that poor and working-class people are forced to pay the price for the damage caused by big profiteer businesses, 33 banks (four of which have headquarters in Ireland) have invested $1.9 trillion in fossil fuel companies internationally since the signing of the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016. (7)
Notably, Britain, France, Canada and Ireland have all recently declared climate emergencies. Yet, instead of taking concrete measures to actually address the issue, such as massive investment in renewable energy or free public transport, these four countries give $27.5 billion annually to the fossil fuel industry in the form of tax breaks, financial incentives or support for companies exporting abroad. (8) It is not a lack of resources that is preventing a quick transition to renewable energy and zero-carbon economies, but the fact that those resources are being directed where profits can be made by banks and corporations.
And that's in the more "liberal" capitalist states. However, the political crisis of the capitalist system has allowed far-right, bigoted rulers like Trump in the US and Bolsonaro in Brazil to gain presidential power and use their elitist and xenophobic agenda to deny the existence of climate change at all in order to block – alongside corporate lobbyists – any form of progress that could deal with this environmental crisis. For example:
Big oil companies like Exxon have known about climate change and the impact of fossil fuels for the past 40 years, yet "the largest five stock market listed oil and gas companies spend nearly $200m (£153m) a year lobbying to delay, control or block policies to tackle climate change." (9) This shows where the priorities of the profiteers have been lying.
Since the election of Bolsonaro, fires have been rapidly increasing in the Amazon, with an 84% increase in August from the same period in 2018. (11) Not only is the destruction of the rainforest having an irreversible impact on the air and stabilisation of temperature, but the burning of the trees contributes to increasing the level of carbon emissions. Yet, those fires were not accidental. Since before his election, Bolsonaro has been talking about opening the rainforest to illegal invasion – destroying centuries of natural history, natural wealth, unrecorded biodiversity, but also human lives (especially indigenous lives) in the name of short-term profit.
The Green New Deal
Political establishments have thus been unwilling to take radical (or any real) action against climate change. Yet, in the past year, the youth movement led by Greta Thunberg has emerged across the globe, gathering 1.4 million young people for the first international strike on 15 March (12) and four million for the second on 20 September. This movement has demonstrated that the issue of climate change is a defining radicalising issue in the 21st century.
It was in the midst of this rising pro-climate-action mood that Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (AOC), the popular left-wing congresswoman from New York City and a member of the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), came forward last February with a Green New Deal (GND) resolution. (13) This 14-page resolution first offers a strong and correct stance against the inequalities in capitalist society, demonstrating the impacts that climate change could have on the majority of people, and more specifically on the poorest and most oppressed groups in society affected by low income, homelessness, unemployment, racism, sexism, ageism, and disabilities.
The GND presents the need to fight against socio-economic inequalities and climate change through the creation of "millions of good, high wage jobs in the US, to provide unprecedented levels of prosperity and economic security for all people in the US and counteract systemic injustices." To do so, the resolution pushes for those new jobs to be highly unionised, to offer family-sustaining wages and other social services like medical leave.
The GND also rightly calls "(to meet) 100 percent of the power demand in the United States through clean, renewable, and zero-emission energy sources (i) by dramatically expanding and upgrading renewable power sources; and (ii) by deploying new capacity." It correctly points in the direction of using the existing wealth and resources of society to massively invest in infrastructure and renewable energy. Specifically, it advocates a very moderate 70% tax on all income above $10 million. This is a step forward in popularising the idea of tackling wealth inequality and redirecting money where it is needed, as opposed to where it is profitable.
AOC's progressive reforms were recently backed up and added to by self-described socialist presidential candidate Bernie Sanders in his $16.3 trillion GND plan, which calls for the creation of 20 million green jobs and the nationalisation of electricity companies. As well as challenging wealth inequality, Sanders' plan aims at popularising a limited form of public ownership and real public investment for the needs of people and the planet. (14)
Capitalist resistance
However, in reality, even a moderate tax on the wealth and profits of big business and the super-rich, as proposed by Sanders and AOC, would be ferociously resisted by the capitalist class. This was illustrated well in 2018 with the vigorous campaign waged by Amazon in Seattle to oppose a minimal tax on its profits to fund social housing, which was proposed by Seattle City Councilmember Kshama Sawant of Socialist Alternative (co-thinkers of the Socialist Party in the US). Here in Ireland, the notorious "Apple Tax" case showed how both Apple and the Irish government would work together to protect Ireland's status as a tax haven and to make sure Apple doesn't pay the €14 billion it owes in unpaid taxes.
In August 2019, almost 200 big business owners, including multi-billionaire Jeff Bezos of Amazon, came forward with the need to change "the official definition of "the purpose of a corporation" from making the most money possible for shareholders to "improving our society" by also looking out for employees, caring for the environment and dealing ethically." (16) They are seeking to give the impression that they will genuinely act to prevent climate change and defend the needs of ordinary people.
However, Amazon, for example, still has not paid any federal tax, has not ended secrecy over its role in carbon emissions, and its warehouse workers continue to work in highly precarious and inhumane conditions, having to skip bathroom breaks to keep their jobs. (17) Undoubtedly, this recent announcement reflects the pressure they feel from below and is an anticipation of further growing resentment of the nefarious role these CEOs and their companies play in society. Radical change in favour of the majority of people and the planet is anathema to these social parasites. In fact, it is a threat to everything they represent.
Capitalism and crisis
The rise in popularity for left and socialist ideas across the world is challenging the idea that neo-liberalism and capitalism is the only way of organising society, and can be seen in the increasing support for left-wing figures like Sanders in the US and Jeremy Corbyn in the UK. Corbyn's recent promotion of a Green Industrial Revolution (a GND for the UK) demonstrates the possibility for such reforms to become more popular in the coming period, especially in the context of an emerging international climate movement. But it is important to remember that these reforms are being proposed in a period of economic stagnation and crisis for capitalism internationally. On the basis of the political status quo, this means the implementation of further neo-liberal policies and austerity measures, not the drastic increase in public investment that's necessary to tackle climate change.
AOC's GND echoes President Roosevelt's New Deal of the 1930s, which was aimed at resolving the Great Depression through an increase in state intervention and social expenditure in the US economy. Fundamentally, it is a policy for reforming capitalism. However, it is often forgotten that not only were reforms gained by mass movements of workers organised throughout the country, but that the New Deal did not solve the economic crisis. This was only done through the creation of a war economy after the US entered the Second World War, when the fundamental interests of US capitalism were threatened by German and Japenese imperialism and it was compelled to mobilise all its resources in order to defeat them.
Unlike the Second World War, and despite the gravity of the climate catastrophe facing our planet, we have seen no willingness on the part of the capitalist class to invest its resources into ending this crisis. Their system is geared solely to maximize short-term profits, and the overarching interests of our planet are at best a fleeting afterthought.
Break with capitalism needed
The implementation of such a GND would not resolve the fundamental contradictions of the capitalist system. Even eradicating the use of fossil fuels, while absolutely being a hugely significant achievement, would still leave us with the problems of waste (in the form of overproduction and duplication), for example, and inequality generally that the system perpetuates. While we produce enough food to feed 10 billion people every year, more than 820 million still suffer from hunger every day. (18)
Likewise, a turn to 100% renewable energy would not end wasteful and exploitative industries, like fast fashion, which is the third-largest user of water globally "in a world in which around two billion people are already living in water-stressed areas" (19) and which exploits workers, often children and women, working under very precarious and dangerous conditions for extremely low wages. In 2018, "NGOs have reported on Bangladeshi sewing machine operators working for 90-100 hours a week yet not having enough to live on for the month.' (20) As Karl Marx stated as early as 1867:
'All progress in capitalist agriculture is a progress in the art, not only of robbing the worker, but of robbing the soil; all progress in increasing the fertility of the soil for a given time is progress towards ruining the more long-lasting sources of that fertility… Capitalist production, therefore, only develops the technique and the degree of combination of the social process of production by simultaneously undermining the original sources of all wealth—the soil and the worker.' (21)
The main issue facing the planet, therefore, is that of the private ownership of wealth and resources by the capitalist class. In 2018, an Oxfam report showed that 1% of the world population owned 82% of global wealth. (22) As proposed by AOC, wealth inequalities could be challenged through the taxation of corporations and the super-rich. Yet this would not challenge the system as a whole. The 2015 Panama Papers scandal which revealed fraud, tax evasion, and the evasion of international sanctions, (23) is a clear example of the loopholes existing in the taxation system. The nature of weak capitalist economies like Ireland, craving foreign investment, allows the creation of tax havens where private companies can find refuge from corporate tax.
The movement for a GND therefore needs to challenge capitalism as a whole and fight for a socialist alternative. Bernie Sanders' call for the nationalisation of electricity companies in the US and AOC's proposal of ensuring that workers and communities participate democratically in the implementation of the GND at local level are very important steps forwards. However, it is only through expropriation or nationalisation of the key sectors of the economy that workers could democratically plan an economy based on the people's and the planet's needs and end the private race for profit.
The role of struggle
The climate movements emerging around the world, as well as those against inequalities and oppressions, show a rapid radicalisation of the youth and the working class. Last year, in the midst of the #NiUnaMenos movement in Latin America, the #MeToo movement in the US and the Repeal movement in Ireland, six million women and men took to the streets of Spain on International Women's Day to protest against sexism and misogyny. The power of the working class was clearly on display, it is crucial this power is mobilised globally to end climate catastrophe and the profit driven system that perpetuates it.
As additional examples, the Yellow Vests movement in France emerged last November against the rise in carbon tax and successfully put pressure on the French neo-liberal government to increase the minimum wage and drop the last fuel tax, (24) showing the need for an environmental programme that will not make workers pay the price for capitalism's greed but one that they will get behind. In Belfast, Harland and Wolff workers have been occupying the shipyard to fight for the 130 skilled jobs which the company recently put at risk. Not only have they been calling for the nationalisation of the industry, but they have also raised the idea of a transition to wind turbine production, showing the potential that a socialist economy could offer if workers were to democratically decide what is best for them and the planet.
As such, a GND like the one proposed by AOC could only come into place with the pressure of an organised mass movement of workers and oppressed people, demanding radical change for people and the planet. Sanders' recent tweet declaring the need for the working class to finally win the US class war is a positive step towards popularising the need for working-class struggle. (25) The recent women's marches, teachers' strikes, school student walkouts, McDonald's and Google strikes against inequalities and oppression also show the growing potential for united struggle in US society. Sanders should call for trade unions and workers to organise a real mass movement to challenge the profit-driven system, support a socialist GND and fight against all forms of inequality and oppression.
If led by the working class, the struggle against climate change could be built around the solidarity of all working and oppressed people of different races, genders and nationalities, linking economic and social issues to capitalism, a system that perpetuates all forms of exploitation, inequality and oppression through its ruthless and insatiable drive for profit. If organised around a clear socialist programme, resources could be expropriated and democratically utilised to plan an economy based on the needs of the people and the planet, not profit.
[1] I. Gerretsen and J. Yeung. 2019. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2019/07/25/europe/europe-heat-wave-records-intl/index.html
[2] 8 Sept 2019, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/09/summer-heatwaves-in-france-killed-1500-says-health-minister
[3] P. Griffin. 2017. CDP Carbon Majors Report. https://b8f65cb373b1b7b15feb-c70d8ead6ced550b4d987d7c03fcdd1d.ssl.cf3.rackcdn.com/cms/reports/documents/000/002/327/original/Carbon-Majors-Report-2017.pdf?1499691240
[4] M.R. Allen, O.P. Dube, W. Solecki. 2019. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://report.ipcc.ch/sr15/pdf/sr15_spm_final.pdf
[5] 2018. The Real News. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSg4KpijU9k
[6] 2019. The Journal. https://www.thejournal.ie/budget-2020-discussions-carbon-tax-4802720-Sep2019/
[7] Bank of Montreal, Barclays, CITI, Scotiabank; 2019. Rainforest Action Network. https://www.ran.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Banking_on_Climate_Change_2019_vFINAL1.pdf
[8] C. Farand. 2019. Climate Home News. https://www.climatechangenews.com/2019/06/24/four-countries-declared-climate-emergencies-give-billions-fossil-fuels/
[10] S. Hall. 2015. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/exxon-knew-about-climate-change-almost-40-years-ago/; B. Franta. 2018. The Guardian .https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/sep/19/shell-and-exxons-secret-1980s-climate-change-warnings; S. Laville. 2019. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/22/top-oil-firms-spending-millions-lobbying-to-block-climate-change-policies-says-report
[11] 2019. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49415973
[12] A. Schipani. 2019. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/d4920846-b527-11e9-8cb2-799a3a8cf37b; J. Watts. 2019. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/25/amazonian-rainforest-near-unrecoverable-tipping-point; S. Cowie. 2018. DW. https://www.dw.com/en/brazil-experts-warn-of-bolsonaro-threat-to-the-amazon/a-46068377; J. Aguilera. 2019. Time. https://time.com/5662395/bolsonaro-reject-g7-pledge-amazon-fires/
[13] D.P. Carrington. 2019. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/19/school-climate-strikes-more-than-1-million-took-part-say-campaigners-greta-thunberg
[14] A. Ocasio-Cortez et al. 2019. https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/hres109/BILLS-116hres109ih.pdf
[15] L. Friedman. 2019. The New York Times .https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/22/climate/bernie-sanders-climate-change.html; G. Krieg. 2019. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2019/08/22/politics/bernie-sanders-green-new-deal-plan/index.html
[16] S. Goodley and R. Neate. 2019. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/aug/19/leading-us-bosses-group-drops-principle-of-shareholder-first
[17] J. Dzieza. 2019. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/16/20696154/amazon-prime-day-2019-strike-warehouse-workers-inhumane-conditions-the-rate-productivity; S. Liao. 2018. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/16/17243026/amazon-warehouse-jobs-worker-conditions-bathroom-breaks
[18] Mercy Corps. https://www.mercycorps.org.uk/articles/quick-facts-what-you-need-know-about-global-hunger; J. Erdman. 2018. Medium. https://medium.com/@jeremyerdman/we-produce-enough-food-to-feed-10-billion-people-so-why-does-hunger-still-exist-8086d2657539
[29] Common Objective. https://www.commonobjective.co/article/the-issues-water
[20] A. McAlpine. 2019. RTE. https://www.rte.ie/brainstorm/2018/0321/948976-the-high-cost-of-fast-fashion/
[22] K. Marx, Capital, vol. 1, p638
[22] K. Hope. 2018. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-42745853
[23] 2016. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-35954224
[24] 2018. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46513189
[25] Link: https://twitter.com/berniesanders/status/1164228993169723398
AOC capitalism DSA Green New Deal Marxism Socialism	2019-10-22
Socialist Party
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Learn If A Career In Linguistics Right For You
When you think about linguistics, do you automatically assume it's specifically about learning a ton of languages? Well, while you may come across that in some parts of the career, linguistics isn't strictly learning foreign languages. In fact, you'll learn much more about the scientific aspect of languages, as opposed to how to speak them.
Growing up, we learn our native tongue—plus a second language if we're exposed to it at home—without really trying. We naturally pick up all the quirks, slang, jokes, and idiosyncrasies of the language without knowing how we're doing it. Linguistics takes you deep into studying the scientific factors that make up languages.
LINGUISTICS DEGREE
Aside from the fascinating subject, there are dozens of different career fields you can enter once you have a bachelor's degree in linguistics. If a two-year associate degree toward a linguistics career is more up your alley, you can major in anthropology or English, where there is just a slight focus on linguistics. Realistically, though, a bachelor's degree and beyond is the most travelled path for those heading into the trenches. The more degreed in linguistics you are, the more robust your career opportunities become.
Find a linguistics program in your area.
CAREER OPTIONS WITH A DEGREE IN LINGUISTICS
With a degree in linguistics, the world is pretty much open to you, as far as career options go. The following are just some of the things you can do with your knowledge and degree—this is not an exhaustive list, by any means. Some of the more popular careers are:
ASL is a non-verbal and non-written way to communicate with the deaf community. Your career can center around helping or teaching.
How to get into it: Find a school with an ASL program. Not all colleges and universities offer one, so if this is something you're interested in pursuing, check your potential school's list of majors to see if they have an ASL program. You'll need to take beginning, intermediate, and advanced sign language. You will also have to take courses on the culture and history of the deaf community, translation, language development, and narrative and poetic styles of ASL. So, you can see how this field falls into linguistics since it's heavily loaded with ASL linguistic courses.
What you'll do: With a degree in American Sign Language, you have a variety of career options. You can go the education route and teach deaf students in primary or postsecondary educational institutions. Or, you can be an interpreter for schools, the government, television, and more.
Audiologists work with patients experiencing various types of hearing loss, central auditory processing disorders, and balance disorders. You are trained to fit your patients for hearing aids and provide rehabilitation.
How to get into it: To become an audiologist, you are required to have a doctorate in audiology (AudD). You can have your bachelor's degree in really anything, though. The AudD takes an additional four years of graduate school. All states require audiologists to become licensed. The prerequisites for licensing is 300-375 hours of supervised clinicals, a passing score on the national exam, and nine months of postgrad clinicals.
What you'll do: You'll work in the medical field in a hospital, clinic, or doctor's office. You may also work for a school district or in a government agency. Audiologists usually work alongside a team of other medical professionals because of how much of a patient's life is impacted by conditions and diseases of the ear. If you have a PhD, you may choose to leave the practice in order to focus heavily on research.
COMPUTER AND INFORMATION RESEARCH SCIENTIST
This may seem out of place in a list of linguistic careers, but actually, it fits right in. Computers have a language too. Computer and information research scientists use that to study and solve problems for multiple, if not all, industries—from technology to medical to business and more.
How to get into it: Computer and information research scientists go to school for a long time, especially if they are going for their Ph.D. in Computer Sciences or other related fields. To work within the government, you may only need your bachelor's, though. After you've completed your bachelor's degree, there will be an additional four to five years of schooling to obtain your doctorate. You'll take computer science classes in your first two years, and then you'll choose your specialty for the final two to three and work on your research project.
What you'll do: Computer and information research scientists are constantly inventing, designing, and innovating technology and the way it's used. Maybe you'll use your linguistic skills to invent a new computer language or develop new software, among a bunch of other possibilities.
CRYPTOLOGIC LINGUIST FOR THE MILITARY
A cryptologic linguist in the military uses signal equipment to identify various communications. You'd be instrumental in the defense of the U.S. The training you'll receive through the military will equip you with skills that go beyond your years of service.
How to get into it: If you decide to become a cryptologic linguist for the military, you'll receive specialized, intense training in one of the many languages offered: Arabic, Chinese, French, Persian Afghan, Tagalog, Hebrew, Hindi, Russian, and Portuguese, among others. The languages are taught by fluent instructors from over 50 countries. You, however, don't have to be fluent before you enlist. You will have 10 weeks of Basic Training and one year of Advanced Individual Training with on-the-job instruction through the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center with the Department of Defense. Expect to be in both a classroom and the field while you learn. By the end of training, you will know how to read and write your target language as though it was your native tongue. A cool reward if you're the best is your class? You'll be invited to an immersion program in the country of the language you've learned.
What you'll do: Once you've completed your language training, you'll be deployed to one of the many stations worldwide. There, you'll use your finely tuned linguist skills to translate documents and information for our military. You'll either be assigned a tactical or strategic position. Tactical means you'll probably be in the field, while strategic positions are usually in an office. The skills you learn in the army will carry forward to once you become a civilian where you'll be highly qualified to find a linguist job with the government, an embassy, or in the business sector.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE COLLEGE PROFESSOR
You enjoy learning foreign languages, and you're passionate about imparting your knowledge onto students in hopes of spreading your love of the language. Foreign language professors not only teach in the classroom, they may also take their students on trips to where the language is the native tongue.
How to get into it: To become a foreign language professor, you'll first need to complete a bachelor's in Foreign Language Education. Most employers will require postsecondary teachers to have a master's degree, minimally. When it comes to teaching a foreign language on the college level, it's not uncommon for professors to have a doctorate in their chosen language. However, at the university level, it is expected that you'll have completed graduate-level courses, not just in a language but in that culture and its literature, as well. You will need to pass your field exams and complete and defend your dissertation. If you're a Spanish (or other foreign language) teacher, you'll also need to be able to offer students classes in Spanish culture, the language history, and be fluent in both the language and culture.
What you'll do: Foreign language professors are highly educated. You'll teach college students your language of expertise, along with literature, philosophy, culture, and other courses that give a deeper understanding of the language and literature. You will have office hours where you meet with your students, and you'll spend quite a bit of time keeping up with what's going on in the subject you teach, along with meeting up with coworkers and industry peers to discuss matters of the topic. Plus, you'll do the typical teaching activities such as test giving, lectures, grading papers, advising students, and attending conferences.
FORENSIC LINGUIST
This doctoral-level profession helps the FBI and the court system to determine the truthfulness and meaning behind different forms of communications. You will be both an interpreter and a translator, and your deeper understanding of languages allows you to see clues where the untrained eye or ear can't.
How to get into it: To have that competitive edge, you'll need to get a Ph.D. in Linguistics. You'll be completing classes in sociology, psychology, criminal law, computer sciences, and all the linguistic classes. There are specialty classes in forensic linguistic tools and techniques specific to the career as well.
What you'll do: You will be hired as a consultant to help solve crimes or deal with pressing matters the FBI, CIA, or other government bodies need your expertise on. With your language analysis skills, you'll find patterns in written or verbal evidence. The corporate world may also use you as a consultant to look over its contracts, ensuring the verbiage is understandable for all parties involved.
INTERPRETER/TRANSLATOR
Both interpreters and translators are able to take one language and convert it to another in different forms of communication, from verbal to sign language to writing. Whether it's Mandarin Chinese to English or French to Portuguese, interpreters and translators are fluent in their skills.
How to get into it: Most commonly, translators and interpreters have a bachelor's degree, which essentially, can be in anything. You need to be fluent in English and at least one other language. There are formal programs available through colleges where you can be trained in translation and interpreting. There isn't a certification available at this time, but you'll have to pass a court interpreting exam in most of the states. In order to prove your language proficiency, there is a proficiency exam available in 27 languages, all of which involve English as one of the fluency points.
What you'll do: Although these careers are lumped together, interpreting and translating are two separate entities. Interpreters will translate verbal and sign languages, and translators work with written mediums such as letters, documents, books, websites, and so much more. As an interpreter or a translator, you will have to take one language and switch it to another, whether it's verbal or written. Breaking it down even further, there are different paths each career can take.
Simultaneous: You'll watch the person speak or sign, get the gist of the tone and then interpret it into the target language for the audience. With simultaneous interpreting, you'd probably be working in pairs because of the high level of concentration needed to keep up.
Consecutive: You only interpret after a group of sentences has been relayed. You may need to take notes in order to remember what had been said.
Whisper: This type of interpreting has you sitting next to a person who needs the service, and you listening, then speaking quietly.
Community Interpreter: You'll work in community environments, on a one-to-one basis or for small groups such as parent-teacher conferences and immigration hearings.
Conference: You'll be available to non-English (or whatever the native language is) conference attendees to interpret for them.
Health/medical: In the health and medical settings, you'll be the one explaining information to patients who don't speak the native language, along with translating other medical information from brochures or other documents.
Liaison/escort: Travel may be required for this type of translation service. You will be required to aid foreign visitors in the U.S. or vice versa so there can be communication during the visit.
Legal/judicial: A strong knowledge of legal verbiage is required, because you'll be translating or interpreting within a court or legal setting.
Literary: Books, journals, and other forms of the written languages need to be transferred from one language to another, to allow a broader international audience.
Localizers: This interesting position also requires writing skills, because you will be need to take a product or service and make it appear as though it's originally from the target country. Websites, documents, brochures, and other materials used to market the product all need to appeal to the intended market.
Sign language: You will be the arranger allowing communication between the deaf and hard of hearing community and the hearing community. You'll be fluent in ASL, but you may also have to mouth the speech for lip readers.
Trilingual: Knowing three or more languages, including English and American Sign Language, makes you trilingual, and that much more valuable as a translator.
From local libraries to the Library of Congress, a highly trained librarian connects patrons to the materials they're searching for. If you can't find what you're looking for, your librarian most likely can. As a librarian, you're as comfortable with books as you are with people. You don't turn your nose up at technology, either.
How to get into it: Librarians are required to have master's degrees—you'll need to get your bachelor's before heading off to the master's in library science program. You'll take classes teaching you about library materials selection, research methods, organization for librarians, Internet search methods, and other courses designed for the master's program. If you want to work in a law library, you may need to go to law school. Medical libraries may require you to have a medical background. Public school librarians need a teacher certification. Online master's programs for library sciences are also available.
What you'll do: Librarians have many items on their to-do lists. Not only do you help the patrons, but also you have duties to the actual library itself, from finding new books to planning programs to training other librarians and librarian assistants. You'll have full and busy days ahead of you once you're a librarian!
LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGIST
Everything about languages is fascinating—where they came from, where they're going, and the effects they have on humanity. If you want to learn about the origins and uses of all languages, then a career as a linguistic anthropologist might be speaking to you.
How to get into it: A bachelor's degree may allow you an assistant or fieldworker position. But most anthropologists of any specialty continue on for a master's and a doctorate. The master's degree program takes an additional two years after graduating with a bachelor's, and usually includes your lab research or fieldwork. Unlike other anthropology majors, linguistic anthropology students also need to focus on languages, both studying and learning them. Sociology, English, history, philosophy, and theology are just a few types of classes you'll be taking throughout your postsecondary career if you choose to become a linguistic anthropologist.
What you'll do: Anthropologists do a lot of studying and researching. You may also spend some of your time teaching the subject to anthropology students. Linguistic anthropologists work in academia and the government, but they are finding more job opportunities in the private sector. Fieldwork may have you globetrotting to far off places, researching and reporting your findings on various cultures. When you aren't traveling, you'll most likely be behind a desk writing reports or academic articles and home in time for dinner.
Philologists study ancient languages and texts to get a deeper understanding of modern civilizations. Philology is the fusion of linguistics and history; the literal meaning of the word is "love of words," and that's exactly what you need to have when thinking about entering this career. The career's origins date back to around 1822 during the deciphering of the Rosetta Stone, which paved the way to decoding ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. It's continually evolved to what it is now, interpreting and understanding lost languages.
How to get into it: The four years it will take you to get your bachelor's degree need to be focused on the classics such as ancient Latin or Greek. You will also study ancient literature, philosophy, linguistics, and history. Your next step, after graduating with your bachelor's, it to get your master's degree in philology or the classics. These programs usually last between 2-3 years and will have you prepared for what comes next: a doctoral program or as a teacher of the classics. You choose. However, if you go on to get your doctorate in philology, you'll be in school for another 2-3 years. You'll attend lectures, have subject examinations, research, and defend theses. After your doctorate, you'll head off to a fellowship or postdoctoral position in either the U.S. or abroad. You'll be studying ancient texts from wherever you choose to land. These fellowships last two years but are renewable, so they can almost go on indefinitely. Once you have all that education under your proverbial belt, you are now ready to apply for a faculty position within a university's classic department, where you'll either focus on teaching and mentoring or research based publishing.
What you'll do: How did languages get here? What happened to lost languages? How have languages evolved, and why? How are languages related? That's what philology uncovers: the structure, development, and relationship of languages stemming from ancient ones in relation to the modern verbal and written communications. Philologists are able to classify and identify languages based on the family and origin of words. You reconstruct languages by looking at ancient writings such as hieroglyphics or archeological remnants. You may also have to double as an etymologist: Etymology is the study of the historical origins of language, in particular, words and their evolution.
SPEECH PATHOLOGIST (SPEECH THERAPIST)
People with voice, speech, or language disorders are treated by speech pathologists. Many universities have this program in their linguistics department because the study of language will help others who are suffering with disorders and diseases affecting the way they speak. For example, you could declare a linguistics major with a concentration in speech-language science, and that would satisfy the requirements necessary to further education in this field.
How to get into it: A master's degree is the typical minimal requirement to practice as a speech and language pathologist. While you don't necessary need your undergraduate studies completely focused on this particular major, there are definitely class requirements needed in order to gain admittance into a master's program. Every university will be different, so it's best to find out what classes you'll need to take. Master-level program courses include subjects such as speech and language development, age-appropriate disorders, swallowing disorders, and alternative communication methods. You'll also have clinicals, which give you hands-on experience. In order to obtain certification and state licensing, you MUST graduate from an accredited program. In many states, continuing education credits are required to keep your license active.
What you'll do: Strokes, brain injuries, developmental delays, autism—these are just some of the diseases and disorders that can affect speech. As a speech and language pathologist, you will evaluate your patient in order to identify the proper treatment or course of action. You may have to reteach a patient how to speak, or teach them an alternate way to communicate. You will also work with the patient's family, giving them ways to cope, as well help their family member during this process. Many speech and language pathologists join organizations such as American Speech Language Hearing Association (ASHA), where they are able to keep up with emerging industry trends and stay on top of their CEUs.
Dialect coach: Many actors and other professionals hire a dialect coach, and some actors even become one!
Editing and publishing: Because they have such an in-depth grasp on languages, linguist majors make excellent writers and editors.
Advertising: Advertising companies have to do serious linguistic research so they can understand their audience and the relationship to certain words and sounds.
Lexicography: You love words? Then you can marry them by working as a lexicographer for a dictionary such as Merriam-Webster where you will edit and update words.
Learn all about getting financial aid to help you in your efforts toward one of the linguist careers.
There is such a wide range of careers that you can go into with either a bit of linguistic background, or a full linguistic degree. Once you research the careers and determine if you want to get a bachelor's, master's, or doctorate, you'll be able to easily pinpoint the exact career that speaks your language.
...Previously Discover All The Varying Careers In Education Up Next... Agriculture Careers Guide: Different Careers in Agriculture


The Android ecosystem expanded in a new direction today at the annual Cisco Live! event in Las Vegas, as Cisco announced a "First-of-its- kind HD Video-Capable Business Tablet" based on the Android operating system.
While Apple has been promoting the iPad for use in the enterprise, the new Cisco Cius leverages the high penetration of Cisco® Unified Communications for business. The company has installed "more than 23 million" of their IP phones at 85% of Fortune 500 companies.
The Cius is smaller than the iPad at 7" versus 9.7", allowing docking with a desktop phone stand. One of the interesting features is that the Cius will employ an Intel Atom 1.6-Ghz processor with 32-GB of flash memory. This is the second big announcement of an Intel-based Android device in a little over a month, following on the announcement of Google TV.
Also interesting is the list of connectivity modes listed for the Cius: 802.11a/b/g/n Wi-Fi, 3G/4G data and Bluetooth 3. Cisco has been active in WiMAX network development with Clearwire and was recently a sponsor of the 4G WiMAX Symposium at Stanford University.
Cisco will help expand Android developed applications for business by offering Cisco Collaboration Application Protocol Interfaces (API's) to developers through a Software Developer's Kit (SDK).
Make a voice or high-definition video call at the desktop or remotely.
5-megapixel rear facing camera that can transmit streaming VGA quality video and capture still images, and dual noise-cancelling microphones for audio conferencing.
Join or initiate an audio, web, or Cisco TelePresence solution conference (not sure why WiFi only, with 4G built-in).
Create, edit, and share files and videos.
Browse the web with an integrated Firefox browser. (And, I would assume, support for Adobe Flash).
Support for cloud computing through desktop virtualization. "The tablet will come standard with a virtual desktop client application, so it can act as a thin client on your Cisco Collaboration Architecture".
At Cisco Live! the Cius was demonstrated for use in an academic setting, and applications were also discussed for other other markets such as retail and medical. Will we also see a consumer version, migrating the Cius technology to the Cisco Flip brand?
"Cisco Cius Mobile Collaboration Business Tablet by Cisco Pics, on Flickr"


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The Oklahoman – Watermelon Slim Feature/Preview
The Oklahoman – Brandy McDonnell
Click here to read the entire review
Well-known bluesman and one-time Oklahoman Watermelon Slim releases today his new album "Church of The Blues," via NorthernBlues Music.
Co-produced by Slim and Chris Hardwick, "Church of The Blues" includes seven new Watermelon Slim originals plus seven classic tributes to past masters such as Muddy Waters and Fred McDowell, according to a news release.
John Allouise (electric bass guitar) and Brian Wells (drums) joined the bluesman in the studio, and special guests on the album include some of Slim's favorite blues artists: Bob Margolin (guitarist for Muddy Waters, 1973-80), John Nemeth, Nick Schnebelen, Albert Castiglia, Joe Louis Walker, and Sherman Holmes (Holmes Brothers).
As on past records, Watermelon Slim sings and plays electric-slide resonator guitar in his own unique style, instantly recognized by his fans and blues aficionados.


Researchers in the United States have suggested an alternative way to allocate science funding. The method, which is described in EMBO reports, depends on a collective distribution of funding by the scientific community, requires only a fraction of the costs associated with the traditional peer review of grant proposals and, according to the authors, may yield comparable or even better results.
"Peer review of scientific proposals and grants has served science very well for decades. However, there is a strong sense in the scientific community that things could be improved," said Johan Bollen, professor and lead author of the study from the School of Informatics and Computing at Indiana University. "Our most productive researchers invest an increasing amount of time, energy, and effort into writing and reviewing research proposals, most of which do not get funded. That time could be spent performing the proposed research in the first place." He added: "Our proposal does not just save time and money but also encourages innovation."
The new approach is possible due to recent advances in mathematics and computer technologies. The system involves giving all scientists an annual, unconditional fixed amount of funding to conduct their research. All funded scientists are, however, obliged to donate a fixed percentage of all of the funding that they previously received to other researchers. As a result, the funding circulates through the community, converging on researchers that are expected to make the best use of it. "Our alternative funding system is inspired by the mathematical models used to search the internet for relevant information," said Bollen. "The decentralized funding model uses the wisdom of the entire scientific community to determine a fair distribution of funding."
"You could think of it as a Google-inspired crowd-funding system that encourages all researchers to make autonomous, individual funding decisions towards people, not projects or proposals," said Bollen. "All you need is a centralized web site where researchers could log-in, enter the names of the scientists they chose to donate to, and specify how much they each should receive."
"The savings of financial and human resources could be used to identify new targets of funding, to support the translation of scientific results into products and jobs, and to help communicate advances in science and technology," added Bollen. "This funding system may even have the side-effect of changing publication practices for the better: researchers will want to clearly communicate their vision and research goals to as wide an audience as possible."


text:
Pennsylvania State University - Penn State Law
Cost of Attendance and Debt at Pennsylvania State University - Penn State Law
Resident tuition & fees: $55,344
Cost of living: Location: University Park, PA Includes books and living expenses $25,530
The average rate of increase for resident tuition & fees at Pennsylvania State University - Penn State Law over the last 5 years is 2.44% per year.
The average rate of increase for non-resident tuition & fees at Pennsylvania State University - Penn State Law over the last 5 years is 2.44% per year.
Discounts for the 100%
A 50th percentile discount (scholarship) of $51.6k means that half of the full-time students with a discount (100% of full-time students) paid at least $51,648 less than the full price (off resident tuition for residents).
Create Personal Budget for Penn State
Non-resident tuition 2.44%
Resident tuition 2.44%
Resident tuition $56,694


About BestWeb | BestWeb Corporation - Telephone, Web Hosting, Technology Services, Networks and More!
BestWeb is a facilities based common carrier registered with the New York State Public Service Commission to provide Internet, data, and telephone services within New York State.
Our authority from the state includes the right to install our fiber optic cabling over public right-of-ways in order to service our customers. BestWeb serves the lower Hudson Valley.
BestWeb was founded in 1996 as an Internet Service Provider. Due to our great customer support and the quality of our services, we very quickly became one of the largest providers in the lower Hudson Valley. We expanded our customer base to include educational, governmental, and commercial entities, which are now our primary focus.
To better serve our larger customers with the high bandwidths required, we have built an extensive fiber optic network covering Rockland, Putnam, and northern Westchester Counties.
BestWeb is dedicated to customer satisfaction. Should you decide to use our fiber services, I guarantee that you will be 100% satisfied. If you're not, I want you to contact me directly at andy@bestweb.net or at 914-271-4500×101.


text:
Q: Laravel merge logic In my case i need to use collections together. But also i need that model too. I decided to merge eloquents. Like this:
        $products = Product::orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->get();
        $sliders = Slider::orderBy('order', 'asc')->get();
        $news = News::orderBy('order', 'asc')->get();

        $collection = new ModelCollection();
        $result = $collection->merge($products)->merge($news)->merge($sliders)->sortByDesc('created_at');
        dd($result);

$products has 4 data, $slider also has 4 data, $news has 3 data.
But i am allways get 4 data by sorting created_at. Why i can't get 11 data from the collection?
https://laravel.com/docs/5.6/collections#method-merge
in this case there is no limit or rules.
in the interest of brevity i am trying to make an array with my selected models. If its a collection it keeps model. If its just an array also i need to add the model name for each data collections.
array(
Products > product1,product2,product3,product4
News > news1, news2, news3
Slider > slider1, slider2, slider3
)

A: If you want all collections in one array you can do by this,
$products = Product::orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->get();
$sliders = Slider::orderBy('order', 'asc')->get();
$news = News::orderBy('order', 'asc')->get();

$result = array();
$result['products'] = $products;
$result['sliders'] = $sliders;
$result['news'] = $news;

This will create collection $result like you want,
array(
products > product1,product2,product3,product4
news > news1, news2, news3
sliders > slider1, slider2, slider3
)

Hope this will help you. Comment if any doubts.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Our first meeting is essential. We find out from you, your goals, style, time line, and important aspects of your project. We then get to work to create a Design Plan, estimated budget costs, and present that plan to you.
Once you approve the Design Plan, we can Implement it. This includes scheduling contractors, purchasing the approved materials and products, and coordinate deliveries and set up. We like to take care of it all!


Choosing a supervisor when your work involves helping people can be a difficult decision to make. Professional supervision is a great way for school chaplains and youth workers to keep their practice fresh and sharpen their skills and knowledge.
Sometimes a workplace will require you to access professional supervision, either onsite or of your own choice. I like being able to choose my own because it makes me feel safer in sharing some of those less pleasant thoughts and feelings that can rattle around inside me when my job is to care for people and help them make their own lives better. Having had to choose a few supervisors during my career, I thought it might be helpful for some readers to know what qualities I look for when choosing a professional supervisor. If you stick around, I've also got a checklist you can print out when you're on the hunt for a new one.
In my article on what professional supervision is, I wrote about the importance of supervision being a structured reflection process on your practice and your use of theory, rather than a counselling session.
There are some aspects of supervision that are like counselling. It needs to take place in a safe environment where you can share your personal thoughts and feelings about something without that information getting back to your workplace, your colleagues or your clients. You want to be able to talk about ugly thoughts or things that didn't go well and then go back to work and smile at everyone.
Supervision is also about exploring your thoughts and feelings, just like counselling can be about. But as Peter Hawkins and Robin Shohet put it in their book Supervision in the Helping Professions (2012; Open University Press), supervision is primarily about learning and unlearning skills and theory, reflecting on practice, drawing on another perspective to strategically develop as a youth worker and building up your own resilience and coping skills.
These should be the focus of a supervision session, not exploring how you've been going and unpacking endless personal issues; that's counselling.
Finding a supervisor can be a tricky process if the choice is up to you, particularly if there's not a lot of choice where you live. Having worked in regional Queensland for a couple of years, I would suggest if you have to choose between a good quality supervisor you access by phone or Skype or a someone you don't really feel comfortable with that is more easy to access, I'd choose the distant supervisor every time.
This is a relationship you're entering into, just like the sorts of relationships the young people you work with are building with you. It needs to be a relationship that doesn't just let you "tick the box" but should be helping you sharpen your skills, push you to think about why you're doing some things and what you could do differently, gets you looking ahead as well as behind, and lets you leave with a clearer sense of the path ahead.
Good qualifications and experience. As I said in my article on professional supervision, you should look for a supervisor that has more qualifications than you, and hopefully more experience too, but that can be hard if you've been working for 20 years in one particular field. This isn't easy to get right, so while I've made it the first point, don't let it overshadow the importance of all the others as well.
An understanding that supervision is different to counselling. As I pointed out earlier in this article, it's important to find a supervisor who can do supervision, rather than counselling. Supervision is focused on your practice, whereas counselling is focused on you and your relationships. There is a crossover, but a supervisor should have a priority to focus on that practice first.
Being able to see a situation or issue from a number of different perspectives. The beauty of professional supervision is you have someone else looking at your context and experiences, without the emotions that you experience as part of that. They can often see things from both your perspective, and that of your boss, or a young person or parent, that you're no longer able to see as clearly. The very best supervisors help you to explore these different perspectives as part of the process of debriefing an event, and then help you work out a way forward based on that.
Generosity in their imparting of knowledge. There's nothing worse than seeing a supervisor who uses lots of big words to explain theory and leaves you to go home and figure out what they were talking about. The supervisors I have found most helpful have been the ones who send me out the door with a new piece of theory or knowledge to put into practice when I get back to work, and a bit of an eagerness to find out some more about that topic.
An ethical approach to their own practice. Often in youth work or other helping professionals the ethics in a situation can conflict or not be all that clear. You need to be able to lay these on the table and trust that as you work through them with your supervisor they can see the ethical issues from a different perspective and help you choose the right pathway forward.
An understanding of my work context. They might not know the inner workings of the organisation I work for, but it's great if they have some knowledge of the field and can appreciate the complexities that come with that. There's no benefit in getting professional supervision from someone who mostly works with adults if you're always working with kids, unless they make some effort to understand your context and the challenges that arise in it.
They use my time wisely. The best supervision I have had has been when my supervisor has a clear plan for each session and has prepped well for their session so we can start almost from where we left off last time. It's not always like that, but when you're giving up an hour of your own time, which is when most of my supervision has had to take place, you want to feel like the investment has been worth it. If you have to spend the first 15 minutes of your hour long session explaining your context again, I don't think that's a good way of showing that you're valued.
They're more interested in my agenda rather than their own. I have had supervisors that give me homework to do before I turn up, and sometimes that can be very stressful when you're feeling overwhelmed or approaching burnout. There's always a reflection process involved in preparing for supervision, even if it's a "what am I going to talk about today?" wondering, but even if there's no formal preparation process, I like it when the supervisor if flexible enough to go where I need to go as the session unfolds. I like them to have a plan for the session, but I also like to be pause in that plan if something comes up that needs a little more unpacking.
Some sort of personal connection. As I said, this is a relationship, albeit a professional one, so there needs to be some sort of personal connecting that enables you to honestly and openly talk about your thoughts and feelings, particularly when they are ugly or don't portray you in the best light. I like to have a supervisor who is down to earth, acknowledges that we can't get it right all the time and can share their own failings now and then. Having a professional supervisor that wields too much power or authority isn't a good thing either. I think it's important to feel more like two colleagues sharing a coffee rather than a trip to the principal's office when you were in primary school.
A decent sense of humour and a hospitable nature. Speaking of coffee, there's something nice about being offered a drink during supervision, don't you think? It makes it a little less clinical and a little more personal. I also like someone who can have a bit of a laugh and doesn't take themselves too seriously. Let's face it, if you're giving up an hour of your time, it's nice to leave feeling joyful than like you've just spend the time at the doctor's surgery.
Professional supervision should be one of the best investments you make into your practice, so if you're not getting that at the moment, or looking for a supervisor, use these qualities to help you make a good decision that will hopefully help you stay in the game much longer and enjoy the journey as well.
If you're wanting a checklist to work through, including some questions to ask when looking for a supervisor, print out this handy Finding a Professional Supervisor Guide to get you started. And if you are looking for a professional supervisor, or haven't quite found one you're happy with, you might like to take a look at my professional supervision service, or you can fill in this form and I'll try and point you in the right direction.
Do you think there are some qualities of a professional supervisor I've missed? I'd love you to share your thoughts below if you do.


Never considered a fractional leader before? Fractional executives are increasingly becoming more common, especially in the CFO and CMO roles. These strategic, experienced roles require people who can take a bigger view of the organization and the marketplace to steer an organization toward the future. A fractional CMO offers some significant advantages versus hiring a full-time executive or continuing to delegate marketing strategy to an overwhelmed marketing manager/director.
Its Cheaper Than FTE. Basic math working in your favor. A full C-Suite is expensive. A fractional CMO saves on salaries yet ensures the value of an experienced CMO is piloting your marketing organization.
Learn More Faster. When marketing tactics are changing by the hour, a fractional CMO is constantly learning in real world situations not only through your company but through others. They are evaluating vendors, using new tools, and testing the market. Benefit from sharing in lessons learned in real-time.
Save On Consultants. Consider a fractional CMO a member of your team, not a consultant. Fractional CMOs establish the strategy then roll-up their sleeves to work with the team members, contractors, marketing vendors and agencies. Additionally, you can leverage their experience to make hiring decisions, creating a budget, and for establishing leadership credibility with investors.
Lean Leadership Develops Talent. SMBs need leadership just as much as large companies. However, smaller companies frequently struggle to retain talent because they can't afford professional leadership. Talented team members aren't properly developed and get frustrated. Fortunately, a fractional executive by necessity must be ruthless at prioritizing and highly-focused on developing outstanding teams. This creates a model that develops talent, empowers decision-making and increases satisfaction all while maintain alignment on well-defined goals.
Always ready for a cup of coffee.


text:
Treasury Notes Blog
Secretary-Lew-Sends-Letter-to-115th-Congress-on-Puerto-Rico
Home » Connect with Us » Treasury Notes Blog » Secretary Lew Sends Letter to 115th Congress on Puerto Rico
Secretary Lew Sends Letter to 115th Congress on Puerto Rico
By: Dan Watson
The Honorable Mitch McConnell
Majority Leader
Dear Mr. Leader:
As the 115th Congress begins, we write to underscore the need for additional legislation early in this session to address the economic and fiscal crisis in Puerto Rico. The Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA) provided Puerto Rico with important fiscal oversight and debt restructuring tools, and now the Oversight Board and Puerto Rico's new Governor must take the critical next steps required by this federal legislation. Working with the new Governor, the Oversight Board now must certify a Fiscal Plan and set a path to comprehensively restructure the debt before the expiration of PROMESA's automatic stay. Treasury has continued to provide both the Oversight Board and the new Governor with technical assistance as requested, and will remain able to do so after the transition to the next Administration.
Despite the important progress achieved to date with bipartisan support, the work is not done. As Puerto Rico moves forward on these next steps, Congress must enact measures recommended by both Republicans and Democrats that fix Puerto Rico's inequitable health care financing structure and promote sustained economic growth. Without congressional action to address these issues, Puerto Rico's return to growth and opportunity will be a significant challenge. Most urgently, Congress should address Puerto Rico's "Medicaid cliff" funding issue before April as recommended last month by the Congressional Task Force on Economic Growth in Puerto Rico. Failure to do so would jeopardize health care for up to 900,000 poor U.S. citizens living in Puerto Rico.
CONGRESSIONAL TASK FORCE REPORT
On December 20, the Congressional Task Force on Economic Growth in Puerto Rico, established by PROMESA, released its Final Report. The bipartisan report provides an overview of the economic challenges facing Puerto Rico and a series of potential solutions that, if crafted well and enacted quickly, are necessary for a sustainable economic recovery. It is important that Congress not only turn ideas into action, but in doing so, address Puerto Rico's significant remaining economic and social challenges in meaningful ways to help put Puerto Rico on a path of sustained economic growth.
As the report acknowledges, Puerto Rico faces an imminent shortfall in health care funding that could leave up to 900,000 Americans without coverage if Congress does not act in the near future. Puerto Rico's already vulnerable health care system is stretched further by a Zika outbreak that, as of January 4, has resulted in over 34,000 cases, and will affect numerous women, children, and families for years to come. It is time to provide a long-term solution to Puerto Rico's historically inadequate federal Medicaid financing, which threatens the viability of Puerto Rico's Medicaid program and worsens Puerto Rico's fiscal crisis. If Congress fails to craft a long-term solution, immediate action is still needed to ensure full fiscal year 2018 financing to avoid the "Medicaid cliff" identified in the report. Without action before April, Puerto Rico's ability to execute contracts for Fiscal Year 2018 with its managed care organizations will be threatened, thereby putting at risk beginning July 1, 2017 the health care of up to 900,000 poor U.S. citizens living in Puerto Rico.
Additionally, Puerto Rico continues to suffer from double digit unemployment and a labor force participation rate that is only two-thirds that of the U.S. average. A federally-financed, locally-administered Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) in Puerto Rico would create incentives for work and increase participation in the formal economy – just as it has done for decades in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Instead of recommending the immediate enactment of an EITC, the Task Force only suggested Congress further explore the proposal. We strongly encourage Congress to enact this powerful economic driver to bolster Puerto Rico's future. Our analysis of the situation over the last several years demonstrates that an EITC would be the most effective and powerful tool to address these structural challenges to economic growth.
Beyond those two major issues, the Task Force recommended a number of other policies that we agree should be enacted. First, we appreciate the bipartisan recommendation for Congress to continue authorizing Treasury to provide technical assistance to Puerto Rico. Furthermore, while we recommend a different approach to expand the Child Tax Credit to more Puerto Rican families, one that is locally administered, we welcome the Task Force recommendation for Congress to expand the Child Tax Credit in Puerto Rico, to the extent it is well-designed and supplements an EITC program for Puerto Rico. We support the Task Force's acknowledgment of the importance of data in benchmarking economic growth and fiscal developments in Puerto Rico and the recommendations to improve data quality and timeliness. Finally, we are pleased with the recommendations on small business incentives, and the need to include Puerto Rico in funding and training programs that address Puerto Rico's differential treatment in some Federal programs. It is time for Congress to move quickly to put these recommendations into law.
Last summer, Republicans and Democrats in Congress took decisive action in PROMESA to help improve Puerto Rico's fiscal position by establishing an independent oversight board and providing it with comprehensive debt restructuring tools. As you know, these tools were provided to Puerto Rico as an alternative to a federal bailout and provide Puerto Rico's government and the Oversight Board with comprehensive authorities to address the debt crisis. Members of Congress now must work together quickly to enact well-crafted legislation to encourage growth and opportunity for our fellow citizens in Puerto Rico.
The Treasury Department and the Department of Health and Human Services stand committed to working with you to achieving those goals throughout the remainder of the transition to the next Administration.
Jacob J. Lew Sylvia M. Burwell
Secretary Secretary
Department of the Treasury Department of Health and Human Services
Identical letter sent to:
The Honorable Charles E. Schumer
The Honorable Paul D. Ryan
The Honorable Nancy Pelosi
Posted in: Puerto Rico


Fatima Sadiqi (Arabic: فاطمة صديقي) is a senior professor of Linguistics and Gender Studies at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, in Fez, Morocco.
Fatima Sadiqi is the daughter of Haj Mohamed Ben Mohamed ou Lahcen Sadiqi and Hajja Fadma Bent Haj Ahmed N'ayt Bourhim. Her father was a military officer of rural origin. Sadiqi was born in Kenitra, Morocco as the eldest of nine children : Mohamed, Malika, Khadija, Hassan, Karim, Samira, Abdelhak and Meryem. She is a mother of three sons: Tariq, Rachid and Yassine. Her home Amazigh village is called "Imshihn" (part of the Ayt Hssan tribe), Azilal, Morocco. Fatima Sadiqi is married to Moha Ennaji.
Sadiqi received her primary education in Nador, junior secondary school education in Taourirt, and high school education in Oujda. From 1971 to 1976, she studied English language and literature at the Faculty of Letters, Rabat. She earned a Teaching and Pedagogy Certificate from L'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat in 1977. From 1979 to 1982, she studied Theoretical Linguistics at Essex University, Great Britain, where she earned an MA and a PhD on The Verb in Berber and The Syntax of the Complex Sentence in Berber, respectively.
Sadiqi is a Senior Professor of Linguistics and Gender Studies at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Fez. She taught syntax, morphology, phonology, gender studies, transnational feminisms and media. Sadiqi also taught at US universities such as the University of Mansfield in 2003, Harvard University in 2007, California State University at Pomona (2013-2014), and Visiting Professor, Gender Studies, Institute of Asian and Oriental Studies, University of Zurich. Sadiqi was a Woodrow Wilson Center Global Fellow (2015-2016).
Daesh Ideology and Women's Legal Rights. Cambridge University Press. 2017.
Moroccan Feminist Discourses. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2014.
Images of Women in Abdullah Bashrahil's Poetry. Beirut: Arab Institute for Research and Publishing. 2004.
Women, Gender, and Language in Morocco (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. 2009 . Largely acclaimed as the first international book on language and gender in the MENA region. Reviewed for various international and refereed journals such as Gender and language, International Sociology, Journal of Pragmatics, and International Studies.
Studies in Berber syntax. Germany: Königshaussen and Neumann. 1986.
"The Big Absent in the Moroccan Feminist Movements: The Berber Dimension". In North Africa Transition and Emerging Actors. Berber Movements. Anna Maria Di Tolla & Ersilia Francesca (eds.), Studi Maghrebini, "L'Orientale", 2017.
"The Moroccan Feminist Movement (1946-2014) (2017). In Balghis Badri & Aili Tripp (eds). Women's Activism in Africa: Struggles for Rights and Representation.
"A Genesis of Gender and Women's Studies in Morocco" (2017). In Rita Stephan, and Mounira Charrad (Eds.) Women Rising. New York : New York University Press.
"Women's Perceptions of Islam in Today's Morocco". Journal of Feminist Scholarship. Issue 11. Fall 2016.
"Emerging Amazigh Feminist Nongovernmental NGOs" Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 2016. 12(1): 122-125.
"Feminization of Authority in Morocco" (2015). In Gender, Power, Democracy, edited by Mino Vianello and Mary Hawkesworth. 2014. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
"Women's Organizing in Morocco in Light of A Post-Arab Spring Moment and an Islamist Government" (2015). In Zeina Zaatari (ed.) Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures.S upplement XI. Political-Social Movements: Community Based.
"The Center: A New Post-Arab Spring Space for Women's Rights" (2016). In Women's Movements in the Post-"Arab Spring" North Africa. In F. Sadiqi, ed.
"The Marginalization of Moroccan Women in Society and the Media" (2015). In Ennaji, M. ed. Minorities and Women in North Africa. Trenton: The Red Sea Press.
"Berber and Language Politics in the Moroccan Educational System" (2014), in Moha Ennaji (ed) Multiculturalism and Democracy in North Africa. London: Routledge.
"The Potential Within: Progressive Ijtihad in the Practice Moroccan Judges' Adjucations on Shiqaq (discord) Divorce" (2013), in Elisa Ada Giunchi (ed) Adjucating Family Law in Muslim Courts.
"Women's NGOs and the Struggle for Democracy in Morocco" (2013), in Galia Golan and Walid Salem (eds) Non-State Actors in the Middle East. Factors for Peace and Democracy. London: Routledge.
"Women and Islam in Morocco" (2013), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women.
"Gender Equity and Islam". Interviewed by Santorri Chamley. New African Magazine.June Issue, 2011.
"Morocco: Women's Rights". CNN documentary and interview. New York, June 30, 2009.
"Family Law Changes in Morocco". Interview. Every woman Program. Al Jazeera International. Doha (Qatar), March 7, 2008.


Different types of biological materials are available for an enormous amount of bioscience, biotechnology and environmental technology applications. These materials are mainly diamagnetic, which means they do not interact significantly with an external magnetic field. However, several procedures can be used to convert biological materials into magnetically responsive composite materials which can be efficiently separated using simple magnets or magnetic separation systems. The prepared magnetic biocomposites can be used for many applications, such as magnetic removal and separation of xenobiotics and biologically active compounds, immobilization of target compounds, as parts of biosensors or as whole cell biocatalysts.


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April 09, 2012 • Issue 12:04:01
Partnerships fuel portfolio growth
Merchant services is an industry built by individuals - entrepreneurs, each with his or her own novel approach to tapping into the vast opportunities for success that the market offers. Yet, as any business grows and matures, going it alone can become increasingly difficult. So ISOs and merchant level salespeople (MLSs) searching for new revenue opportunities turn to value-added services provided with the help of third parties.
Industry attorney Adam Atlas likens these to insurance policies. As an ISO or MLSs adds points of connection to merchants, it becomes more difficult for those merchants to leave for a better deal, Atlas said. However, an ISO or MLS with a dozen different solutions running at a merchant location doesn't want that merchant interacting with a dozen different providers. The ISO or MLS wants to be the sole focal point for customers. "There are so many more choices for merchants to make, so many things for them to worry about," said Mark Lorimer, Chief Marketing Officer at Capital Access Network Inc. "As their partnerships deepen, they bring increasing value to customers." And that's where ISOs and MLSs prove their worth as sources of expertise and good counsel.
"Establishing good partnerships is one of the most important things you can do in this business," said Dee Karawadra, founder and Chief Executive Officer of Cordova, Tenn.-based Impact PaySystem LLC. "If you don't have the right partnerships, there's no way you can make it in this business." ISOs and MLSs who do not have "two or three services available" are setting themselves up for increased attrition, said Marc Brown, President of Blue Star Loyalty of Tampa, Fla. Yet in most cases, in-house development just isn't practical.
Partnering works for all business sizes
ISOs and MLSs are not the only players in the merchant services space who need partners. Industry consultant Paul Martaus said an argument can be made that no one can operate in the merchant services arena without partners. MLSs partner with ISOs; most ISOs have partnerships with acquirers or processors, which also partner with network services providers. "Just about everyone buys some outside expertise," Martaus said. "Even a big organization like TSYS doesn't do everything itself. It uses debit [card payment] gateways."
Total System Services Inc. (TSYS), which has a long history of providing transaction processing services, partnered with First National Bank of Omaha in 2010. Then, in 2011, the company took over that bank-owned acquirer and purchased several small ISOs. Renamed TSYS Acquiring Solutions, the acquiring arm of the company has been growing at a healthy clip: 2011 revenues exceeded market expectations, with gross revenues up 6.8 percent over 2010, according to investor reports.
First Data Corp. is perhaps the most obvious example of the power of partnerships, especially bank partnerships, which account for almost half the card payments the company acquires. Typically, these partnerships place First Data in charge of day-to-day operations, risk management, and merchant sales and support. Banks usually contribute sales leads and new business through branches and relationship officers.
Mutual assistance should be the focus
Like TSYS and First Data, ISOs and MLSs are searching for ways to grow markets. But there is some trepidation. "A lot of people have very closed minds about partnering with other organizations and allowing access [by those firms] to their customers," Brown said. But he noted this shouldn't be a concern if the partnership is equal. "Both parties have to be helping each other for a partnership to be successful," he said. Karawadra is not concerned about the notion of partners poaching customers. "If I lose an agent or a merchant, then I'm not doing something right," he said.
Merchant Data Systems, a South Florida ISO, partnered with Internet marketing firm Karma Shack in November 2011 to support an array of products and services. Sophisticated online marketing, card processing, gift and loyalty programs, working capital, payroll services, and "merchant friendly" Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard (DSS) compliance are just some of the value adds the partnership brings to the ISO's clients. "This is another example of our partnership mentality as we continue to develop new products and marketing strategies," Drew Freeman, President of MDS, said.
A partnership checklist
Business partnerships are a bit like marriages: you should want them to be for the long haul. "Picking the right partner is key because it is a reflection on your personal brand," said Capital Access Network's Mark Lorimer. "Choose one that is best for all parties long term, not just [for] you short term. Short-term compensation potential should not be a deciding factor."
Dee Karawadra of Impact PaySystem added that if you have "the right back-end partners, you shouldn't have any problems selling on the front-end." So what should ISOs and MLSs consider when evaluating potential business partners? Here's a starter checklist.
What's the company's reputation among other ISOs and MLS? (In addition to your colleagues, check industry chat rooms and forums, like GS Online's MLS Forum)
Who are the principal executives and project team members? How much professional experience do they bring to the industry generally and to your needs in particular?
What's the underlying technology? Has it been proven to be effective?
Is the product or service compliant with all applicable standards?
Does the product or service adequately fit your needs, or does it require work-arounds?
Would you use the product or service yourself?
Can the offering integrate with your existing infrastructure?
What kind of customer support is provided?
How well does the product or service accommodate growth through product enhancements?
Does the business provide client references, and have they been checked out?
Is the business willing to agree not to market directly to your customers?
According to industry attorney Adam Atlas, an answer of no to any of these questions need not be a deal breaker, but a negative response certainly does require closer examination of a potential partner.
Customers are demanding more
Jerry Cibley, who does business as The POSMan, is an industry veteran with 25 years of POS system sales experience under his belt. He saw a big change taking shape in merchant services in the 1990s. That's when POS systems companies started partnering with acquirers and ISOs so that they could integrate card services with the systems they were selling merchants.
"We were just on the periphery then; we didn't even know about residuals," Cibley said, adding it was a big deal that sales teams were sharing leads, which helped POS systems companies sell to more merchants. "Then it changed again, and the ISOs started getting more involved," he noted. Most ISOs find it difficult to meet customers' changing demands. Few have the time, money or staff expertise to take care of every customer's every need. "I no longer have the time to take care of all of my merchants' needs," Karawadra said when explaining his decision to take on partners. "I needed to be out selling."
ISOs that think they can do everything in house are "missing out on the opportunity to establish deeper more profitable relationships," Lorimer said. Selecting partners isn't something that should be taken lightly, because choosing the wrong partner "could result in complaints to or about you and dry up referrals," he added.
It pays to be picky
Karawadra spent a great deal of time shopping for upstream partners when he was setting up Impact. "I went from ISO to ISO to ISO trying to find the right partner," he said. "I wanted someone who was honest, upfront and ethical." Karawadra hasn't stopped shopping for partners either; these days he's focused on partnering with specialty companies and professional associations to expand offerings and drive more business to Impact's agents.
Partnerships aren't just about driving sales. "If you choose the right partner, they can shield you from [messy] operations stuff," Bryan Daughtry, Vice President, Sales and Marketing at Up Solutions Inc., told ISOs and MLSs attending the Northeast Acquirers Association's winter tradeshow and outing in January.
Up Solutions has a partnership with ISO iPayment Inc. under which iPayment agents sell PC-based POS systems, and Up Soutions takes care of back-end services: software configuration, installation, training and ongoing support. "This deal provides our sales partners a solution that strategically differentiates them from the competition," Mike Ackerman, Senior Vice President at iPayment, said when the partnership was formed in the spring of 2011.
Many factors spur partnerships
According to Lorimer, merchants are huge drivers of change. "They want ISOs to partner with them to tackle increasingly complex decisions," he said. For ISOs, this means putting together their own "payments ecosystems," he added. That payments ecosystem might include, in addition to bankcard processing, new payment types and form factors, PCI compliance services, payroll, marketing, prepaid and loyalty cards, and even access to capital.
With bank lending to small businesses at historic lows, access to capital has become a critical success factor. That's why ISOs, MLSs and acquirers are forging partnerships with companies like CAN, Lorimer said, adding that ISOs and MLSs have a critical role to play in the funding process. "They're intimately familiar with what their customers need," he said.
Economic factors also are driving interest in prepaid debit cards, especially closed-loop (gift) cards, and loyalty programs. "It's really difficult to lead with bankcard services these days," Brown said. "This is something else to help get you in the door." Brown, whose company has partnered with numerous MLSs in support of loyalty programs, suggested any business that expects to see a customer at least once in 30 days is a good prospect for a loyalty program. "Once you get a merchant on a successful loyalty program, they will find it almost impossible to leave you," he said. And that, in a nutshell, is the power of partnerships.
Partners are not for everyone
There's an exception to every rule, as the saying goes. Among ISOs, Transaction Services (TrxServices) is an exception to the trend toward forging partnerships. "I've been real hesitant to partner with vendors, processors and others," said David Leppek, President of TrxServices, a Delaware-based ISO. "Even when I have to, I try to offer it as a value-add."
That's the strategy TrxServices has taken with PCI compliance. With a client roster stacked with Level 4 merchants, Leppek opted to build PCI compliance into its client interface - a homegrown system he described as ultra-secure and designed to handle anything MLSs and their clients need. "We don't need anything fancy until we come upon a customer involved in e-commerce, and I'd eat the cost on it because it's to my advantage for them to be in full compliance," Leppek said. An industry veteran, Leppek's career most recently included a stint at First National Merchant Services (now TSYS Merchant Services).
TrxServices put significant time into designing its interface system, which handles everything from lead generation, to marketing materials and contracts, to terminal implementation and trouble shooting. And most critical to Leppek, the system provides real-time insights into client activities. Leppek said he is often approached by firms looking to partner on new offerings, but "there really isn't any client demand." However, one request he has heard from clients is for mobile payment functionality. Leppek hired a team of software engineers to build a mobile payment interface for the company's system. "Once they've built it, I'll probably just give it away," Leppek added.
Direct Air's bankruptcy threatens JetPay
Coalition responds to retailers' debit rule complaint
Consultancy faults PCI tokenization guidance
Heartland breach suit settled
Selling Prepaid
Prepaid in brief
Expo meets expectations in atmosphere of change
Prepaid goes to Washington
Choosing a partner for life
Justin Milmeister , Elite Merchant Solutions
Technology, a catalyst for ISO growth
Mustafa Shehabi , PayCube Inc.
Plotting a prosperous future
Is it time for you to resell integrated payment systems?
Paul Hunter , Sterling Payment Technologies
As a PCI compliance role model, how do you measure up?
Heather Foster , ControlScan
Use new card fees to build merchant rapport
Jeffrey Shavitz and Adam Moss , Charge Card Systems Inc.
Working with outside marketing experts
Peggy Bekavac Olson , Strategic Marketing
No more contract-signing hurdle
Steve Norell , US Merchant Services Inc.
Electronic Payment Exchange
Wireless payments at the restaurant table
RAIL , Company: Viableware
Driving donations online for nonprofits
eSelectPlus with DonorDrive , Company: Moneris Solutions
Don't let hot leads slip away
Fulfilling brand promise


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about New Zealand : Fauna
Articles :: Fauna
The Land of Birds
New Zealand is frequently described as the land of birds. Early pioneers often reported on the deafening bird songs within the forests and it is a tragedy that today many of our forests are missing the dawn chorus that was once so prevalent in New Zealand.
Before the Polynesians arrived, the forest was devoid of any mammalian predators, the only land mammals in New Zealand were a couple of species of bats. The lack of any predators allowed the bird life flourish and evolve unusual characteristics. With no need to waste energy flying away from predators, several species lost the ability to fly and consequently grew larger.
Big Birds
One of the largest birds to walk the planet was the moa, one species of this flightless bird grew upto 2 metres, only the elephant bird of Madagascar was larger.
The moa was hunted to extinction by early Maori and it is thought that the last one died about 300 - 500 years ago.
Haast's Eagle
The largest bird of prey to exist, the Haast's eagle is estimated to have had a wingspan around 3 metres and a weight of 13 kg. They used to swoop down on moa's and could bring down a 250 kg moa.
Early Maori were terrified by Haast's eagle and it was quite possible that it also swooped down and killed humans.
As it's staple died consisted of the moa, when the moa died out it also became extinct. It is believed that the last one died about 300 years ago.
Kakapo
The largest parrot in the world, the kakapo is also flightless.
Thankfully this bird isn't extinct, but only just! There are less that 100 of these birds left, all located on offshore predator free islands.
The most famous of the flightless birds is the kiwi. New Zealand's national emblem the kiwi is also nocturnal.
Like all flightless birds the kiwi is easy prey for introduced mammals like cats and stoats. The best place to go kiwi spotting is Stewart Island.
This cheeky alpine parrot, yes a parrot that lives in the snow, is New Zealands most infamous bird. People have a habbit of feeding these friendly birds resulting in them being full of energy with nothing to do. What does an intelligent and playful bird do in this situation? Well batton down the hatches as the kea will rip apart anything it can get it's sharp beak and claws onto. If you come back to your camp site to find your tent ripped to pieces and your rubber seals on your car taken out then you know who to blame!
David Attenborough on the Kea
Kakapo Video
Random Photos of New Zealand
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"Should I wax or should I shave?" It's a question that doesn't necessarily have an absolute right or wrong answer. The choice really comes down to your personal preference. Consider your access to certain supplies and factors like how often you want remove your hair. Whether you are wanting a RefectoCil eyebrow treatment or a Brazilian wax, it comes down to timing and more. Here a are a few things to consider when looking into hair removal.
Hard wax, which is sometimes called strip less wax, has a number of advantages over using soft wax when used as a depilatory. Removing hair from sensitive areas is a process which must be undertaken with great care. If done in the correct manner, it will cause the least discomfort to the person being treated. Licensed aestheticians have the necessary skills to accomplish such delicate procedures with very minimal discomfort. Here are some of the reasons that Cirepil wax has become the most popular choice as a depilatory.
Cirepil euroblonde gold edition (800g) made in honor of cirepil's 80th anniversary. Europe's #1 wax is now available in the usa. You will love its ultra-fluid texture, exceptional removal, and shimmering gold color and fragrance. The non-brittle strips produced by this wax is especially suitable for full bikini and large area waxing. Consistent high quality in all settings for all areas and hair types, especially short, tough hair.