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The Hydro One sale's upsides
Posted on November 5, 2015 by consumerpolicyinstitute
(November 5, 2015) The sale of Hydro One offers a number of potential benefits to both ratepayers and the province.
This article originally appeared in the Financial Post
Although the left and right alike lambaste Ontario's sale of Hydro One, they neglect the logic in the deal.
The Ontario government's sale of Hydro One has been criticized by all sides. Newly elected PC leader Patrick Brown called it a "fire sale," while NDP leader Andrea Horwath claimed it was "irresponsible." The initial report from the Financial Accountability Office (FAO) – essentially Ontario's version of the federal Parliamentary Budget Office – argued that the sale would push the province deeper into debt.
But none of these critics highlight the many potential benefits to both ratepayers and the province in selling off Hydro One.
Hydro One remains one of the worst performing electricity distributors in North America. It repeatedly shrugs off that criticism, arguing that it's an exception to the rule and can't be compared to other utilities because of its size and difficult terrain. It also spends more to achieve those poor results, as highlighted by a comparison of its vegetation management costs to its peers undertaken a couple of years back, where Hydro One had some of the highest costs across North America.
Even among electricity distributors in Ontario, the company underperforms. In a recent study on its productivity among the 70-plus distributors in the province, Hydro One performed so poorly that it was considered an outlier (along with Toronto Hydro and another small utility).
A new, private owner would look at ways to increase the productivity of Hydro One, something that the government has failed to do adequately while it was the sole owner of the company, since the break-up of Ontario Hydro. If productivity does increase, the company and its investors would still earn their regulated rate of return but at less cost – and lower rates for ratepayers.
Even though the Hydro One is well behind in terms of productivity, its workers are paid more handsomely, according to the company's own data, showing its wages are 10 per cent above its peers. Again, a private company would try and bring that in line with the industry average. Although the unions will likely fight such a move, they are now a major shareholder in the private company and so have their own incentive to try and make it more productive and leaner. Again, this could mean lower rates for ratepayers.
While the FAO warns that the province will suffer from "foregone income" once it's no longer the sole owner of Hydro One, the province could also see the value of its remaining 40 per cent stake increase if a private company was able to improve operations and profitability. The value of the province's stake, then, increases without it having to do anything.
Furthermore, the FAO has assumed that there will be no "increases in profitability" at Hydro One under new ownership, as though no private owners could ever do better than the government's abysmal record. Any initiatives that lead to an increase in profitability at the company will accrue to the province as well as its new investors. Additionally, the risk that the utility sector – already undergoing major changes due to the threat of home generation and battery storage – isn't as profitable in future is now less of a concern and will borne largely by private investors, rather than taxpayers.
A private company will be more likely to deal with Hydro One's massive pension liabilities and push its employees to either contribute more to their defined benefit plans or move to define contribution schemes that are prominent in the private sector, where the risk/reward is better shared between the company and employees. This would benefit ratepayers, as it limits the amount of pension costs passed onto ratepayers.
From a regulatory standpoint, the mandate of the province's energy regulator – the Ontario Energy Board (OEB) – to protect ratepayers will be made clearer, as its boss (the province) is now no longer the sole owner of Hydro One. By reducing this major conflict of interest, the OEB will be better positioned to and ensure Hydro One operates like a private company in a competitive environment.
Over the last 15 years, while ratepayers have been dutifully paying the debt retirement charge and the province was supposed to be using profits from Hydro One to pay down the near $30 billion of debt inherited from Ontario Hydro, the electricity sector is nearly as leveraged now as it was then. The company set up to control Ontario Hydro's debt – the Ontario Electricity Finance Corporation (OEFC) – currently has $26 billion in debt and another $3.8 billion in IOUs from the province – or nearly the same amount as it had in 1999.
This debt is an inherited problem – the result of previous government ownership. Likewise, many of the other problems in the electricity sector stem from government-mandated policies. These include: the rollout of smart meters without OEB oversight, handing out generous renewable energy contracts without regulatory oversight, a recent move by the province to ensure that the construction of transmission lines won't be blocked by OEB oversight and never-ending conservation programs paid for by ratepayers. These are all problems caused by government policy, not privatization.
Contrary to much of the headlines, the sale of Hydro One could have major benefits for ratepayers and taxpayers alike. Given the government's performance over the last 15 years, it calls for hopeful optimism, rather than knee-jerk nay-saying.
Brady Yauch is an economist and Executive Director of the Consumer Policy Institute (CPI), a division of Energy Probe Research Foundation. You can reach Brady by email at: bradyyauch (at) consumerpolicyinstitute.org or by phone at (416) 964-9223 ext 236
(November 5, 2015) Tom Adams responds to Brady Yauch:
Hydro One: Privatized, but not so good for ratepayers
The Ontario government's $1.66-billion sale of 13.6 per cent of its electricity distribution monopoly, Ontario Hydro, has gathered comments from all sides. Most of the commentary has been negative. An exception was an op-ed on this page from Brady Yauch, of the Consumers Policy Institute. Yauch said he supports the sale, based in part on his view that "the mandate of the (Ontario Energy Board) to protect ratepayers will be made clearer." He also stated that "the OEB will be better positioned to ensure that Hydro One operates like a private company in a competitive environment."
Privatizing government-owned power businesses, if it can lessen political influence over the province's ongoing electricity crisis, has the potential to benefit ratepayers. However, rather than pursuing a real privatization, the Liberal government is in fact turning Hydro One into a perverse public-private partnership where shareholders gain the upper hand at the expense of ratepayers.
Central to the government's plans to jack up Hydro One's value are new regulatory rules. Ratepayers lose at every turn.
Bill 112 has currently passed second reading. Its provisions that would:
eliminate OEB review of government-approved transmission projects,
allow government to eliminate consumer groups from participating in OEB processes in favour of a government-appointed consumer advocate
would reverse prohibitions that until now have prohibited comingling of regulated and unregulated businesses.
Direct government control over future transmission megaprojects would replace public reviews that are designed to ensure that proposed projects are likely to produce net benefits. The government-appointed consumer advocate in Newfoundland & Labrador recently demonstrated the weakness of such a system when that office became part of the official fan club for a massive green energy project in Labrador, Muskrat Falls, that will jack up rates at least 50 per cent.
Under the new regime, the Ontario government is overturning regulations that prohibit commingling of regulated and unregulated businesses. These rules arose from about a decade of difficult regulatory experience trying protect ratepayers from revenues going to the shareholder's unregulated account while costs were recovered from captive consumers.
What regulatory protections will be left will now be administered under the shadow of questionable appointments. In the immediate run-up to the sale of Hydro One, the government appointed a senior Hydro One executive — a person who was directly responsible for Hydro One's rate applications — to the OEB. This appointment follows in the footsteps of several recent executive moves back and forth between the regulator and senior executive positions in the regulated electricity distribution sector.
With the sale of Hydro One pending, the government made no effort to correct violations of key governance requirements of the existing OEB Act. Since July 2010, the Ontario Energy Board has violated three sections that are at the heart of its governance rules. These say: the OEB must have two vice chairs, that these vice chairs must sit on a management committee with the chair to direct the board's internal affairs, and that the OEB must have a chief operating officer. The 2014 Memorandum of Understanding between the OEB and the government and also the OEB's Bylaw #1 both explicitly require this structure. How can the public interest be protected when the regulator flouts the law?
Bill 112 and conflicted appointments are not the only signal that the government intends to tilt the playing field against consumers. Bill 135 was introduced this week in the Legislature. It says that the government will be able to procure and pay for transmission just like it can do for generation, apparently bypassing rate regulation altogether.
Tom Adams is a Toronto-based energy consultant.
(November 13, 2015) Brady Yauch replies:
Hydro One privatization strengthens regulation, benefits ratepayers
Public ownership has ill-served Ontarians; privatization could stem the damage
In a recent article, Tom Adams argued that ratepayers "lose at every turn" with the privatization of Hydro One. Maybe we should look at how ratepayers in Ontario have been winning under public ownership.
Electricity rates have increased dramatically over the last decade. Since 2006, the price of off-peak, mid-peak and peak power charged to ratepayers has increased by 144%, 80% and 67%, respectively. Last month, it was announced that the peak rate of power jumped by 25% over the same time last year. Those soaring rates haven't prevented Hydro One from asking for record amounts of money to sustain its operations. Hydro One recently applied to the OEB to spend $1.6 billion on distribution, on average, annually over the next five years. Because the government owns Hydro One along with other parts of the power system, it is an open secret that it meddles in the regulatory process, forcing the Ontario Energy Board to do its bidding at the expense of ratepayers. In contrast, the OEB has been a fine regulator over the natural gas utilities, which are privately owned.
Hydro One pays its workers wages that are 10 percent above other comparable utilities – costs that are passed onto ratepayers – plus an unusually high percentage of its employees' pensions. A recent report on pensions in the publicly owned electricity sector called them "generous, expensive and inflexible" and "far from sustainable."
Hydro One has also steadfastly refused to agree to penalties for its poor performance. In fact, it wanted the OEB to exempt it from having to contact customers of missed appointments 100 per cent of the time, arguing it should be lowered to 90 per cent.
Adams would have been more accurate to say ratepayers "lose at every turn" with public ownership.
Contrast Hydro One's cost and service performance to private electric utilities in both the UK and Australia, where distributors are both fined for poor performance and forced to give rebates to their customers when they fail to keep the lights on or to repair a blackout in a reasonable amount of time. Rates in the UK fell by around 30% in the decade following privatization, while in Australia rates increased at a slower rate in states that privatized their electricity systems than those under public ownership.
Privatizing Hydro One will push the company to improve its productivity, to better align its wage structure with the industry average and to lower its operating costs while maintaining or improving reliability and customer service. Public ownership has failed ratepayers on all of these issues.
Adams points to proposed new legislation and other measures that will further undermine the OEB's independence. Contrary to his argument, this diminution of the OEB has little or nothing to do with Hydro One's privatization – these moves have long been in the works, with Hydro One under public ownership. Privatization hasn't undermined the regulatory system, the government has. It sidelined the OEB whenever the province didn't want the economics of its policies scrutinized. This became clear years ago when the OEB was bypassed in both the $2 billion-and-counting rollout of smart metres and the ongoing handout of renewable energy contracts that have cost ratepayers billions.
Privatization provides ratepayers and opposition parties with a much needed opportunity to push back against ill-advised policies and uphold the integrity of the OEB. Under government ownership, that opportunity never existed.
This entry was posted in Reforming Ontario's Local Electrical Distribution Sector, Utility Reform and tagged Brady Yauch, electricity rates, energy, Energy Probe, Hydro One, hydro one sale, Ontario electricity, Ontario Energy Board, privatization. Bookmark the permalink.
2 Responses to The Hydro One sale's upsides
Andrew Roman says:
The lesson for governments is that when you own an electric utility it also owns you.
It is not clear why the taxpayers of the province have to be in the wires business.
Given what you say about the wage levels at Hydro One, I wonder whether the Provincial Government is paying its union's negotiating costs as it has done with the teachers' unions.
Richard Mann says:
The elephant in the room is Wind and Solar. They are not reducing C02, Ontario's own Professional Engineers are telling us this.
Reference: "Ontario's Electricity Dilemma – Achieving Low Emissions at Reasonable Electricity Rates." Ontario Society of Professional Engineers (OSPE), April 2015.
www DOT ospe DOT on DOT ca/resource/resmgr/DOC_advocacy/2015_Presentation_Elec_Dilem.pdf
Page 15 of 23.
"Why Will Emissions Double as We Add Wind and Solar Plants ?"
– Wind and Solar require flexible backup generation.
– Nuclear is too inflexible to backup renewables without expensive engineering changes to the reactors.
– Flexible electric storage is too expensive at the moment.
– Consequently natural gas provides the backup for wind and solar in North America.
– When you add wind and solar you are actually forced to reduce nuclear generation to make room for more natural gas generation to provide flexible backup.
– Ontario currently produces electricity at less than 40 grams of CO2 emissions/kWh.
– Wind and solar with natural gas backup produces electricity at about 200 grams of CO 2 emissions/kWh. Therefore adding wind and solar to Ontario's grid drives CO2 emissions higher. From 2016 to 2032 as Ontario phases out nuclear capacity to make room for wind and solar, CO2 emissions will double (2013 LTEP data).
– In Ontario, with limited economic hydro and expensive storage, it is mathematically impossible to achieve low CO2 emissions at reasonable electricity prices without nuclear generation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In this article, well see a complete overview around the Java Collections Framework, the official and must used in the market.
Since version 1.2 of the JDK (after it was renamed to Java 2 SDK), J2SE platform includes a collections framework (the Collections Framework). A collection is an object that represents a group of objects. A collections framework is a unified architecture for representing and manipulating collections, allowing them to be manipulated independently of the implementation details.
Programming effort reduction, providing useful data structures and algorithms, so you do not need to rewrite them.
Increased performance, providing high-performance implementations. Because various implementations are substitutable for each interface, the programs can be easily refined by exchanging implementations.
Interoperability between unrelated APIs by establishing a common language to pass collections.
Reduction of APIs learning effort by eliminating the need to learn multiple APIs from different collections.
Reduction of the effort to design and implement APIs by eliminating the need to create own collections APIs.
Promotion of the software reuse by providing a standard interface for collections and algorithms to manipulate them.
Collections interfaces - represent different types of collection, such as sets, lists and associative arrays. These are interfaces form the basis of the framework.
General-purpose implementation - basic implementations of the collection interfaces.
Legacy implementations - the collection classes from earlier releases, Vector and Hashtable, have been remodeled to implement the collection interfaces (maintaining compatibility).
Wrappers implementations - add functionality, such as synchronization, to other implementations.
Convenient implementations - "mini-implementations" with high performance collections interfaces.
Abstract implementations - partial implementations of the collection interfaces to facilitate the creation of custom implementations.
Algorithms - static methods which perform useful functions on collections, such as sorting a list.
Utilities arrays - Utility functions for primitive arrays and objects. Strictly speaking, it does not belong to the Collections Framework, but this functionality was added to the Java platform at the same time, and makes use of the same infrastructure.
Basic interface for all types of collection. It defines the most basic operations for collections of objects, such as abstract addition (add) and removal (remove) (no information about the ordering of the elements), emptying (clear), size, conversion array (toArray), object iteration (iterator), and existence checks (contains and isEmpty).
Interface that extends Collection, and which defines ordered collections (sequences), where you have full control over the position of each element identified by a numerical index. In most cases, it can be seen as a "variable length array" because, as primitive arrays, it is accessible by indexes, but additionally have insertion and removal methods.
List implementation that internally uses an array of objects. In an insert where the size of the internal array is not enough, a new array is allocated (of equal size to 1.5 times the original array), and all content is copied to the new array. In an insert in the middle of the list (index < size), the later content to the index is shifted in a position. This implementation is recommended when the list size is predictable (avoiding reallocations) and the insertion and removal operations are done mostly at the end of the list (avoiding displacement), or when the list is more read than modified (optimized for random).
List implementation that internally uses a linked list. The location of an element in the nth position is made by scrolling the list of the nearest tip to the desired content. The insert is made by adding new nodes between adjacent nodes, and before the location of this position is necessary. This implementation is recommended when modifications are made mostly at the beginning and at the end of the list, and transversal is done sequentially (via iterator) or at the ends, and not random (for indexes). An example of use is as a queue (FIFO - First-In-First-Out), where the elements are removed from the list in the same sequence in which they are added.
List implementation with the same behavior of ArrayList, however, fully synchronized. By having their synchronized methods, we also have lower performance than an ArrayList, but can be used in a multitasking environment (accessed by multiple threads) without danger of consistency loss of its internal structure.
Let's see an example: a call to contains() method, then a call to add() method if the element does not exist, can cause race conditions if there is access to various threads concurrently. Thus, an additional synchronization is eventually needed, encompassing these two operations and obviating the inherent class synchronization. Therefore, unless there are simultaneous access of multiple threads to the list, a simple synchronization provided by Vector is enough, so prefer other implementations such as ArrayList and LinkedList, which offer superior performance.
List implementation that offers access methods to use the list as a stack (LIFO - Last-In-First-Out) like push(), pop() and peek(). Vector extends, therefore, inherits the advantages and disadvantages of this synchronization. It can be used to take advantage of the specific implementations of stack operations.
Interface that defines a collection or group that does not contain duplicate objects. That is, it ignores additions if the object or an equivalent object already exists in the collection. Equivalent objects mean objects that have the same hash code (returned by the hashCode() method) and return true in a comparison made by the equals() method.
Is not guaranteed the ordering of objects, i.e., the iteration order of the objects do not necessarily have any relation to the order of object insertions. Therefore, you cannot index the elements by numerical indices, such as a List.
Set implementation that uses a hash table (the Sun's implementation uses the HashMap class internally) to store its elements. It does not guarantee the iteration order, or the order will remain constant over the time (a collection modification can change the general ordering of the elements). By using the hash table algorithm, access is fast, both for reading and for modification.
Set implementation that extends HashSet, but adds the predictability iteration order over the elements, that is, an iteration over its entirety (using Iterator) maintains the order of insertion (insertion of duplicated elements does not change the previous order). Internally, it maintains a doubly linked list that keeps this order. By having to keep a list parallel to the hash table, the modification of this type of collection brings in a slight drop in performance relative to the HashSet, but it is still faster than a TreeSet, which uses comparisons to determine the order of the elements.
Interface that extends Set by adding the natural ordering semantics of the elements. The position of the elements in the traversal of the collection is determined by the return of the compareTo(o) method, if the elements implement the Comparable interface, or compare(o1, o2) method of a helper object that implements the Comparator interface.
SortedSet implementation that uses internally a Treemap, which, in turn, uses the red-black ordering algorithm for the element tree. This ensures the ascending order of the collection, according to the natural order of the elements defined by the implementation of the Comparable or Comparator interface. Use this class when you need a set (unique elements) and it must always be ordered even after undergone changes. For cases where writing is made at a time before reading the elements, it may be more advantageous to make the sorting in a List, then a copy to a LinkedHashSet (depending on the size of the collection and the number of elements repetitions).
Interface that defines an associative array, i.e., instead of numbers, objects are used as keys to recover the information. The keys cannot be repeated (using the same principle of Set interface), but the values can be repeated for different keys. A Map also does not necessarily have a defined order for traversal.
Map implementation that uses a hash table to store its elements. The access time to the elements (reading and modification) is constant (very good) if the hash function is well distributed, that is, the chance of two different objects return the same value for hashCode() method is small.
Map implementation that extends HashMap, but adds the predictability iteration order over the elements, that is, an iteration over its entirety (using Iterator) maintains the order of insertion (insertion of duplicated elements does not change the previous order). Internally, it maintains a doubly linked list that keeps this order. By having to keep a list parallel to the hash table, the modification of this type of collection brings in a slight drop in performance compared to HashMap, but it is still faster than a TreeMap, that uses comparisons to determine the order of the elements.
Just like the Vector, a Hashtable is a legacy of the first versions of the JDK, also synchronized in each of its operations. For the same reasons of the Vector class, give preference to other implementations such as HashMap, LinkedHashMap and TreeMap, to gain in performance.
Class that extends Hashtable, specialized to work with Strings. It is a collection itself (since it is restricted to strings), but serves as an example of a specialized implementation of the Map interface.
Map implementation that intentionally violates the contract interface, using the identity operator (==) to define equivalence of keys. This implementation should be used only in rare cases where the semantic referential identity have to be used for equivalence.
Map implementation that uses weak references as keys, allowing the deallocation by the garbage collection of objects contained therein. This class can be used as the basis for the implementation of temporary cache with data automatically deallocated in case of little use.
And tailMap(k) - which returns a SortedMap with key elements subsequent to k.
SortedMap implementation that uses the Red-Black algorithm for sorting the elements tree. This ensures the ascending order of the collection, according to the natural order of the elements defined by the implementation of the Comparable or Comparator interface. Use this class when you need a set (unique elements) and it must always to be ordered even after undergone changes. Analogous to TreeSet, in cases where writing is made at a time before reading the elements may be more advantageous to make the sorting in a List, then a copy to a LinkedHashSet (depending on the size of the collection and the number of repetitions keys).
The Collections framework also defines a number of auxiliary interfaces that define operations objects returned by methods of collection interfaces.
Interface that defines the basic operations for the traversal of the collection elements. It uses the same name pattern (iterator, GoF), disengaging the code that uses the collections of their internal structures. You can remove elements from the original collection using the remove() method, which removes the current element of the iteration, but this operation is optional implementation, and a UnsupportedOperationException will be thrown if this is not available.
Interface that extends Iterator, adding specific functions for the List type collections. It is obtained by ListIterator() method of a List, and has traversal operation in both directions (permitted by the indexing elements carried by the List).
Interface that defines the comparison operation of the object itself with another, used to define the natural order of the elements of a collection. It can be used if the objects to be added to the collection already implement the interface (Integer, Double, String, etc.), or will be implemented by the developer, which has a chance to embed this interface in his code.
Interface that defines a comparison operation between two objects by an external object. It is used when the objects to be added cannot be modified to accept the Comparable interface (a third-party library, for example), or exchange the runtime ordering strategy (the ordering of the table rows is needed, for example).
This interface provides greater flexibility without significant additional cost. Prefer its use instead of the Comparable interface, unless this is necessary (that is, you use a class that expects objects to implement it) or the very semantics of objects requires this natural order (which is quite subjective and specific domain/system).
\'Ancestral\' of the Iterator interface, which provides the same functions, except the removal of elements from the collection. The names of its methods are much longer - hasMoreElements() and nextElement() against hasNext() and next() - which makes the typing and the code reading easier. It is used primarily only in the Vector and Hashtable classes and can be practically ignored and replaced by the Iterator interface.
Marker interface, which indicates that only certain List implementations are optimized for random access (numerical index, instead of iterators). This information can be used for some classes, so that they can change their internal strategies to gain performance.
Utility classes, as assumed here, are classes that have only static methods, providing common algorithms.
It provides methods that perform operations on collections. Some operations are available: binary search in lists; element replacement of a list by a certain object; search for the smallest or largest element (according to the natural order defined by Comparable or Comparator interfaces); reversing a list; shuffling; elements displacement; obtaining synchronized or immutable collections, based on existing collections (through Decorator pattern).
Utility class that provides operations on arrays, including: sorting, binary search, comparison of arrays, fill, hashCode calculation based on the elements of an array, processing String and the casing of an array by implementing fixed length List.
The Java Collections framework provides the infrastructure for a whole data structures. In addition, the use of well-defined basic interfaces (Collection, List, Set, SortedSet, Map, SortedMap) also creates abstractions that increase the flexibility and ease of modification.
When using these classes for programming, we must always reference them by interfaces. Someone may say, "But, we can't instantiate interfaces!" Of course not. When we need to instantiate a collection, we use the most appropriate concrete implementation, but the types of parameters and the methods returns should always be one of these basic interfaces.
For example, let's see the Listing 1 code.
Listing 1. Shopping List example.
Suppose we have noticed that there is no concurrent access to this object, and the inherent synchronization Vector is affecting system performance. To alter the type from Vector to ArrayList, eliminating unnecessary overhead synchronization, we have to change all the classes that use this method, as they pass and expect a Vector, not an ArrayList.
Worse, suppose these classes using our shopping list (created by other teams thus more difficult to change) also have their own internal data structures, using the LinkedList class. To pass parameters or receive values you need to convert between different collections by copying elements from one to another, further increasing the performance problem, and making the code more difficult to read and maintain.
In these cases, instead of Vector had used the List interface, would be enough to change the location of class instantiation, that the rest of the code would automatically have the new implementation without modifications. A collection created in one component could easily be used by another, because all it hopes is an implementation of List, and not a concrete class.
Therefore, use interfaces whenever you can, especially in public methods signatures, and the maximum limit references to concrete classes, even internally in the class.
We now have at least six interfaces to choose from: Collection, List, Set, SortedSet, Map and SortedMap. If we add the collection to access aids, we still have the iterator and ListIterator. Which one to use?
The Collection is the most generic, so it is the most suitable forever, right?
Wrong! Because it is so general, its operations are very limited, making it difficult to handle. For example, it does not allow direct access to an element, all the reading should be made through your iterator. If the collection will always be read as a sequence of elements, and the random access (index) does not make sense, there is no problem. However, if such access is necessary (or even desirable), it makes more sense to use a List interface.
The Collection interface is typically used for disposable sets, they will be read only once and not internally stored or handled (at maximum, copied to another structure).
The Set interface serves more as a marker of the expected semantics; it does not add any operations to the Collection.
The SortedSet and SortedMap interfaces serve to force a contract, that the elements of the collection will come ordered. They appear mainly as parameters of methods that await this sort. However, in most cases, the Treemap and TreeSet classes are used only locally, as temporary sorting containers.
Let's see in the following listings some typical examples of Collection iteration.
This is just some of the real power of the Java Collections framework. We can do almost everything with it, and it's, for sure, the most mature library of collections in Java of the world. Go ahead, and try a little!


Ironic, that on my very first blog I would feel compelled to write about the significance of the worker bee to Manchester, U.K.
I am writing this from the beautiful tropical shores of Dunedin Florida ,when earlier today I received a back order of "bee" earrings. I was overcome by a wave of nostalgia and homesickness.
Being a Yorkshire "lass" we've always had a friendly rivalry with our neighbours across the Pennines. However after this weeks atrocities and heinous acts, I am side by side with my Mancunian brethren.
The Mancunian worker bee is ubiquitous around the city, on planters ,bins (garbage cans) and on the floor of the Town Hall. It symbolises the incredible work ethic of the people of Manchester during the Industrial Revolution.
Today, it represents the hard work and togetherness of the city's residents in the aftermath of Monday's devastating tragedy. It has brought a heart broken city together, united them.
Love one another & make it count !!!!


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How Funke Akindele escaped death during robbery – Actress recounts
by Sanya Agunbiade November 28, 2020, 9:20 am
Actress Funke Akindele Bello has opened up to fans on how she escaped death during a robbery incident in 2011.
She made this known in an Instagram live session as she spoke about her new movie, 'Omo Ghetto: The Saga'.
Speaking in the video, she said;
"I have been friends with Bimbo and Eniola Badmus for a long time. Nine years ago, we were robbed while filming the second part of 'Omo Ghetto'. Eniola was meant to join me in my hotel but she refused. So, I was with Bimbo that night after begging her that I could not sleep alone. The robbers came into the hotel, which had two wings. They had robbed the first wing and one of the robbers who knew I was in the hotel started banging on my door. However, he initially couldn't break in and Bimbo lifted the bed so I could hide under it.
I was frightened but she said, 'You have to hide because nothing must happen to you'. Me, Bimbo and Joy Aiyegbeni then entered the bathroom and hid behind the shower curtain. The robber eventually broke in and asked for me. Bimbo did not say a word, then one of the robbers cocked his gun but she still did not talk. I came out and begged the robbers not to shoot. While they were punching me, Bimbo kept saying they should leave me alone. Two days after the robbery, I asked her why she didn't let the robbers know I was hiding in the bathroom. She said 'If they (robbers) want to kill, it is better we die together."
"As for Chioma Akpotha, she and Kate Henshaw would fight for you all the way. Your problem becomes theirs."
I have a covenant with pregnant women – Pretty Mike
Super Eagles of Nigeria drop three spots on latest Fifa ranking


I have been trying to think of something to write in the About section of my blog but I am having trouble figuring out what to say. I don't usually fill in the bio or about me sections because it feels strange talking about myself in such a way. If I fill those sections in at all, I just write lists. I like lists. 🙂 Anyway, all of you have written very nice about me sections, so I thought perhaps you might be able to give me some pointers.
Any ideas? Comment away. Please and thank you.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on January 27, 2015 by sweetsilverkitten.


Together with Gabriel Jonsson – a Swedish amateur chef – we are producing a new cooking channel on Youtube called Ett Gott Land. Artis film does everything from lighting on set, audio recording, photo, editing, grade, audio mix and delivering a high quality video every week.
Shot on the Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera 4K, Graded in Lumetri and with Filmconvert.


For the past couple of years, I've been getting to know the direct selling industry and writing for Direct Selling News. Here's a link to the cover stories and business profiles I've written. It's very rewarding to examine the histories of companies and what makes them tick and bring new ideas and concepts to light for both new and seasoned companies within direct selling. Take a look!
Here's a special Buy One Get One Half Off Offer for Little Rumely Man. This children's book fits nicely into an Easter basket! $22.50 for two copies of Little Rumely Man and a free Rumely gift, plus shipping to one U.S. address and tax are all included. Single copies also available. Quantity discounts are available for agriculture preservation fundraisers and clubs. Click here to order!
Email for more information: littlerumelyman@gmail.com.
Join Jack on Facebook at Little Rumely Man!
Influential women start out like everyone else. Here's a glimpse at some of the Most Influential Women in Direct Selling. They are at the top of their industry, leading their companies to new heights and there's much to learn from their journeys. Take a look and you're sure to learn something. I know I did when I had the privilege of interviewing and profiling them for Direct Selling News, March 2014 issue. Click here to read the whole story.
Every Company Has a Story Worth Telling…Let Me Tell It For You!
My grandpa's Rumely Road Roller today. Jack sold it when I was a high schooler. Now's your chance to buy a one-of-a-kind. (If I'm remembering right, it was a prototype.) Jim Erdle of Canandaigua, NY. is auctioning it September 21st. The old girl is lookin' good!


One week ago, we introduced you to Battleplan. It was met with such good response that we wanted to give you more of it. Before the initial release, the original plan was to roll out an upgrade in about three weeks. After the initial release, we shortened it to two weeks. But now, after one short week of many long nights, we bring you Battleplan 1.1.
Multiple Common units of the same name are now consolidated into a single army entry. Aside from simply taking less space, this gives you quick reference to how many of a particular Common unit you have in your army. It also shows the total points spent on that unit so you can see how you've divided up your point budget.
Multiple Common units of the same name are counted as only one in the "Army Cards" totals. This will give you a more accurate idea of how many cards you really need space for on your gaming table.
Added the ability to set a maximum number of spaces. Points are then only thing you spend when you design an army. If you have a strict limit to the number of starting spaces for your match, this will track how many spaces you have left, or if you've claimed too many.
Added + and - buttons to next to each unit in the army list. This makes it quicker to increase or decrease a Common unit's count in your army.
Added the "Special Power" grouping. Now you can scroll to a special power and find all the units that have it. There is also a "Special Power [2+]" grouping that only shows the special power groups with two or more units in it so you can quickly find other units with the same special powers.
Added a zoom-in feature for unit images. If you need to read the text on the Army Card thumbnail, click on it to zoom in without having to open a new window. Move the mouse pointer around on the thumbnail image to focus the zoom window. Further clicking on the thumbnail will alternate between locking the focus and tracking the mouse movement. Clicking on the zoom window to close it. And, if you still need the full-size image, you can double-click on the thumbnail to open it in a new window.
Additionally, we've made numerous bug fixes, speed enhancements, and UI tweaks.
Thanks to those who made suggestions and reported bugs this past week. Suggestions and bug reports can be posted to either the Battleplan thread at Heroscapers.com or the Batteplan Help Group.


text:
After-School Programs and STEM: The Key to an Inclusive Tech Future
October 21, 2019 December 19, 2019 | Read Time: 4 Minutes
By Lisa Rabasca Roepe, Contributor
Encouraging more female, minority, and disenfranchised populations to consider studying science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) will be essential in the next five years, says Jessica Anderson, director of strategic giving at Dell Technologies.
YOU MAY ALSO LIKE: Girls are a Force for our Future
Anderson points to telling statistics: By 2024, there will be 1.1 million computing-related job openings in the United States, only 45 percent of which can be filled based on U.S. graduation rates, according to the National Center for Women & Information Technology. Moreover, just 25 percent of U.S. computer scientists are women, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; and Pew Research Center found that only 7 percent of STEM workers are black and 6 percent are Hispanic.
YOU MAY ALSO LIKE: From Canning Food to Cybersecurity: Girl Scouting for a STEM Age
Anderson, along with other industry leaders, believe one critical way to spark STEM interest among marginalized youth requires revisiting primary and secondary schooling, particularly the formative after-school program.
After-School Programs Lead to Careers
One way to help women, minorities, and children living in poverty become engaged in STEM education is to provide free after-school programs that introduce them to technology and science, explains Jodi Grant, executive director of the Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit Afterschool Alliance, which strives to ensure that all children have access to affordable, quality after-school programs by working with donors to secure funds for after-school STEM programs. The group also works with policymakers and parents to advocate for after-school programs focused on STEM education.
"Most children living in poverty don't even know what jobs are out there," she says. "They can learn about biomedical engineering, coding or robotics, and it's not just about fun—it can lead to careers."
In fact, a study of 160 after-school STEM programs across 11 states—representing rural, suburban, and urban areas—found that, among the nearly 1,600 participating students of various racial and ethnic backgrounds:
– 80 percent made positive gains in understanding possible careers in science
– 78 percent increased their interest in STEM
– 73 percent increased their belief that they can succeed at science
"One of the things that after-school STEM does really well is share the excitement and joy of learning. It's not about grades and being judged."
—Jodi Grant, executive director, Afterschool Alliance
After-school STEM programs engage students in hands-on, real-world projects, like learning how to code, building simple video games or robots, and participating in science projects focused on physics and electricity, Grant says. These programs give students a chance to get out of their comfort zones, learn skills, and discover new, potential careers. "One of the things that after-school STEM does really well is share the excitement and joy of learning," she says. "It's not about grades and being judged."
After-school programs allow students to try and fail in a low-stakes environment and to understand that failure is part of the engineering experience, agrees Ron Ottinger, executive director of the STEM Next Opportunity Fund, which makes strategic investments in the STEM learning field. "You try a design or you have a hypothesis, and if it doesn't work, you figure out what went wrong and try again," he says. Ottinger believes motivation is a stronger predictor than math and science grades of whether kids will go on and pursue STEM careers.
Students also have to see how STEM plays into their lives, he continues. "If kids can't see why STEM relates to them, you will see a drop off in third grade in science and significant drop in eighth and ninth grades."
This is why after-school STEM programs are meant to build confidence and creativity, explains Grant. For example, she notes, at Mr. Fix It, a high school program supported by the Afterschool Alliance in New Hope, Alabama—where the median household income is about 15 percent lower than the national median—students are taught basic engineering skills, and tasked with building solar panel heaters and coolers for community members in need. This experience lead one student, Colby Holmes, to receive a grant to attend community college and study to become an electrician.
Similar outcomes can be seen in other after-school programs, like Girls Who Code, a nonprofit that focuses on teaching girls teamwork and leadership, as well as fundamental computer science concepts. Since its founding in 2012, Girls Who Code has reached nearly 185,000 girls, grades 3 through 12, from all 50 U.S. states. According to the organization, girls who've participated in the free after-school program have gone on to pursue college majors in computer science or related fields at a rate of 15 times the national average for women.
Build a Diverse Talent Pipeline
For technology companies, encouraging young talent to pursue a career in engineering or computer science is essential for filling future jobs. That's why Dell Technologies has invested nearly $70 million globally in STEM programs since 2014: to develop a diverse and well-educated pipeline of young people that will be ready to enter the workforce in 2030.
"As society is becoming increasingly diverse, we need to make sure our industry reflects that, and we need to target the communities that might not always have the same type of access."
—Jessica Anderson, director of strategic giving, Dell Technologies
Dell Technologies is not only investing in after-school programs, however, but also in-school and summer immersion programs. "Both after-school and in-school programs are extremely important to make sure we're reaching under-served students—because not every kid can stay after school," Anderson explains.
While most programs are focused on STEM education, Anderson says the company works to ensure students understand there are jobs in tech outside of computer science too. "You can work at an IT company and not be an engineer or computer scientist. You may be a young person who is an amazing artist, [and there's a place for you here, too]."
"As society is becoming increasingly diverse," Anderson continues, "we need to make sure our industry reflects that, and we need to target the communities that might not always have the same type of access. If you don't know what computer science is, you can't say you want to be a computer scientist."
TagsEducation, Future Workforce
6 'Stepping Stones' for Women in Tech—and Assessing the Path Forward
December 9, 2019 | Read Time: 5 Minutes
Despite progress, women are still underrepresented in the technology sector. We spoke to three female leaders in tech who provided insights into their career success and advice for future generations of girls, including reframing challenges as opportunities, taking steps to avoid burnout, and embracing self-advocacy.
Can Studying Social Sciences and the Arts Help Technologists Close the 'Soft Skills Gap'?
November 18, 2019 | Read Time: 6 Minutes
Technologists developing cutting-edge AI products may be making incredible breakthroughs—but they may also need to communicate the value of their innovations in a business-savvy manner and possess other soft skills like communication and critical thinking. A blend of AI and emotional intelligence may be the IT skill set of the future workforce.
Envisioning Progress Made Real in 2030
As Chief Responsibility Officer, Christine Fraser gets to witness the remarkable initiatives being led by Dell Technologies through business commitments and the efforts of thousands of team members across the globe. Christine shares her renewed optimism for the future of tech with insights on social impact, diversity and inclusion, ethics and security, and more.


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Project Bhakti classes are conducted by a group of youth volunteers under the aegis of the Hindu Endowments Board. Since its inception in 2001, Project Bhakti has catered to the religious needs of Hindu children in Singapore. The English-medium classes are taught to children between the ages of 5 to 16 years old. Each year, more than 500 children partake in these Hinduism classes, which are conducted at some of the local Hindu temples.
Click here to download the banner.
What is the aim of Project Bhakti?
Project Bhakti aims to share the rich Indian culture and ancient spiritual wisdom using the medium of stories, dramas, games, hands-on activities and discussions. Such activities help to inculcate values for right thinking and action in children, and inspire them to live up to those values with correct understanding.
Project Bhakti classes provide a platform for children to appreciate the richly diverse culture of Hinduism as well as the positive attitude that Hindus have towards other religions and cultures. Such understanding will help children to relate to their roots and expose young minds to all that is best in Hindu culture and values.
In Singapore's fast paced environment, children have minimum exposure to our rich culture. The temptations of the environment are also becoming more and more sophisticated to lure the young minds and there is an urgent need to educate our young to develop a healthy resistance.
Character building starts from young and it is every nation's and parent's responsibility to ensure that the child is given the right atmosphere to grow with noble ideals, healthy emotions and physical discipline. Let us work hand in hand to achieve this for our trend-setters of the future generations.
The teachers are youth volunteers who have a keen interest in Hinduism and have a passion for community service. Youth volunteers are engaged to teach in the programme so that the children are better able to relate to them as it narrows down the generation gap.
Where and when it is all happening?
To cater to the convenience of neighbourhood premises for the children, Project Bhakti classes are held mainly in various temples throughout Singapore.
What is the course structure and fee like?
There are two semesters per the calendar year. The modules are formulated per semester basis, comprising twelve lessons beginning from mid-January to April and another twelve lessons beginning from July to October. At the end of the second semester, a one-day workshop is held where students from all the centres converge and have a day filled with activities like talks, art 'n' craft, games and competitions.
The cost per semester per child is $30.00. All materials will be provided. Free transport is also provided for most locations. However, you will need to check the availability with the teacher in-charge at the point of registration.
Where and when is it all happening?
There are two semesters per calendar year. The modules are formulated per semester basis, comprising twelve lessons beginning from mid-January to April and another twelve lessons beginning from July to October. At the end of the second semester, a one-day workshop is held where students from all the centres converge and have a day filled with activities like talks, art 'n' craft, games and competitions.
Click here to download the registration form, complete it and hand it to the teacher in-charge at any of the centres. Registration forms are also available with the teachers at the respective centres.
Can I Volunteer to teeach in the classes?
then we would like to hear from you. Click here to download the form.
Please note that all volunteers who register will be interviewed. All materials and training will be provided.


Chetco East Zone Fire Update.
Saturday, September 16, 2017 - 9:00 a.m.
Evacuation levels have been reduced in Josephine County effective 6 p.m. Friday, September 15, 2017. The Level 3 "GO!" evacuation notice issued for all residents on Illinois River Road within the US Forest Service boundary, including the Oak Flat Community, has been reduced to Level 2. A Level 2 evacuation notice means "BE SET" to evacuate. You must be prepared to leave at a moment's notice. Only residents with proper identification may travel in and out of this area and only at night, between the hours of 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. The Level 1 "BE READY" evacuation notice for the residents of the Illinois Valley, west of Highway 199 from Hayes Hill to the California state line has been removed. Residents should always be prepared for changing fire conditions. People can view maps of the current evacuation notification area at http://arcg.is/1LmzPe.
The Indigo Fire (784 Fire) was active again yesterday, expanding by 161 acres to 521 acres, mostly to the west. Short uphill runs and group tree torching were observed. It has not crossed the West Fork of Indigo Creek into Josephine County. Its smoke column was seen from several miles away. Crews have finished removing brush to improve the 055 road as a containment line and continued similar work on the 510 road.
The Chetco Bar Fire is currently 189,562 acres and 40% contained. The most activity in the East Zone of the Chetco Bar Fire was in the horseshoe bend of the Illinois River at the north end of the fire. The fire continues to creep northeast, making short uphill runs and occasionally torching trees. Fire containment line is now completed from the California border to the Bear Camp area except for some brushing, chipping, and masticating work in the Chrome Ridge area.
Today, East Zone fire crews will continue to reopen the Biscuit firelines between Bear Camp and the Fish Hook Trailhead area in Curry County. Fire crews will continue brushing, chipping and masticating between Chrome Ridge and Bear Camp. Dozer lines are being constructed in the south end of the fire area in California, tying into dozer line work done in the West Zone.
Weather and Expected Fire Activity: It will be slightly cooler and more humid compared to yesterday. High temperatures will be about 75 degrees on the ridges and 4 to 5 degrees warmer in the valleys. Relative humidity (RH) will be around 25%. Winds in the morning will be light, getting slightly stronger in the afternoon from the north/northeast at 4 to 8 miles per hour. On Sunday evening, a cold front will move in, forecast to bring 1/2 to 1 inch of rain in the fire area over three days. Potential fire activity today is moderate, with uphill runs, group tree torching, and possible spot fires up to ¼ mile from the fire.
Smoke: The majority of the smoke in the Illinois Valley on Friday actually came from the Umpqua North Complex 60 miles north/northeast of Cave Junction. The valley is forecast to have moderate air quality today. For current air quality information and forecasts go to http://oregonsmoke.blogspot.com.
Assigned Resources: Helicopters shared across the Chetco Bar Fire: three Type 3; three Type 2; one Type 1; three National Guard Type 1. Ground resources on the Chetco East Zone: 14 Type 2 crews; 6 Engines; 3 Fallers; 1 Feller Buncher; 4 Dozers; 5 Water Tenders; 6 Masticators; 2 Chippers; 1 Skidder, 1 Grader.


Tickets are still available priced at €20 with a massive € 5000 up for grabs as a first prize, which would definitely be a great way to round off the Winter.
The Draw takes place on the 16th Feb 2019in the Welcome Inn Cornageeha. Senior & Junior Player of the Year for 2018will be awarded and there will also be a House Draw for those in attendance on the night.
Well done to the Leitrim Seniors on another brilliant win over Antrim on Sunday last.
They now have a break this weekend, well done to Jack Francie David and the entire team and panel on a fantastic league campaign so far.
Well done to the Leitrim Ladies who got their Division 4 campaign off to a winning start against Derry on Sunday too.
The U17 and U13 league campaigns get underway this weekend coming.
U17 Division 2 Gortletteragh are home to St Brigid's @ 12 noon.
Best of luck to both teams in their league campaigns.
Registration must be accompanied by a signed Registration Form to ensure compliance with GDPR.
See below details of an upcoming workshop aimed at both players and coaches at youth and adult level.
The workshop will be delivered by Matt Gaffey. Matt is a highly experienced coach, who has led teams to success across all age ranges.
Please contact one of the Leitrim GDA officers or the Leitrim GAA website to book.
We extend our sympathies to the Gunshinan, Keenan and McNulty families on the passing of Martha Gunshinan, Drumlish.
We also extend our sympathies to the Guckian family & St Mary's GAA club on the recent passing of Tom Guckian.


text:
Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials
Jeegar Jailwala, Thomas Imperiale, Kurt Kroenke
General Internal Medicine & Geriatrics
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacologic agents for the irritable bowel syndrome. Data Sources: Electronic literature search of MEDLINE (1966 to 1999), EMBASE (1980 to 1999), PsyclNFO (1967 to 1999), and the Cochrane controlled trials registry and a manual search of references from bibliographies of identified articles. Study Selection: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, or crossover trials of a pharmacologic intervention for adult patients that reported outcomes of improvement in global or irritable bowel-specific symptoms. Data Extraction: Qualitative and quantitative data reported on study groups, interventions, treatment outcomes, and trial methodologic characteristics. Data Synthesis: 70 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most common medication classes were smooth-muscle relaxants (16 trials), bulking agents (13 trials), prokinetic agents (6 trials), psychotropic agents (7 trials), and loperamide (4 trials). The strongest evidence for efficacy was shown for smooth-muscle relaxants in patients with abdominal pain as the predominant symptom. Loperamide seems to reduce diarrhea but does not relieve abdominal pain. Although psychotropic agents were shown to produce global improvement, the evidence is based on a small number of studies of suboptimal quality. Psychotropic drugs, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-receptor antagonists, peppermint oil, and Chinese herbal medicine require further study. Conclusion: Smooth-muscle relaxants are beneficial when abdominal pain is the predominant symptom. In contrast, the efficacy of bulking agents has not been established. Loperamide is effective for diarrhea. Evidence for use of psychotropic agents is inconclusive; more high-quality trials of longer duration are needed. Evidence for the efficacy of 5-HT-receptor antagonists seems favorable, although more studies are needed.
Loperamide
Serotonin Receptors
Jailwala, J., Imperiale, T., & Kroenke, K. (2000). Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Annals of Internal Medicine, 133(2), 136-147.
Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome : A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. / Jailwala, Jeegar; Imperiale, Thomas; Kroenke, Kurt.
In: Annals of Internal Medicine, Vol. 133, No. 2, 18.07.2000, p. 136-147.
Jailwala, J, Imperiale, T & Kroenke, K 2000, 'Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials', Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 133, no. 2, pp. 136-147.
Jailwala J, Imperiale T, Kroenke K. Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2000 Jul 18;133(2):136-147.
Jailwala, Jeegar ; Imperiale, Thomas ; Kroenke, Kurt. / Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome : A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. In: Annals of Internal Medicine. 2000 ; Vol. 133, No. 2. pp. 136-147.
@article{2e44afff15f04dec8aeb165b5a655f68,
title = "Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials",
abstract = "Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacologic agents for the irritable bowel syndrome. Data Sources: Electronic literature search of MEDLINE (1966 to 1999), EMBASE (1980 to 1999), PsyclNFO (1967 to 1999), and the Cochrane controlled trials registry and a manual search of references from bibliographies of identified articles. Study Selection: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, or crossover trials of a pharmacologic intervention for adult patients that reported outcomes of improvement in global or irritable bowel-specific symptoms. Data Extraction: Qualitative and quantitative data reported on study groups, interventions, treatment outcomes, and trial methodologic characteristics. Data Synthesis: 70 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most common medication classes were smooth-muscle relaxants (16 trials), bulking agents (13 trials), prokinetic agents (6 trials), psychotropic agents (7 trials), and loperamide (4 trials). The strongest evidence for efficacy was shown for smooth-muscle relaxants in patients with abdominal pain as the predominant symptom. Loperamide seems to reduce diarrhea but does not relieve abdominal pain. Although psychotropic agents were shown to produce global improvement, the evidence is based on a small number of studies of suboptimal quality. Psychotropic drugs, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-receptor antagonists, peppermint oil, and Chinese herbal medicine require further study. Conclusion: Smooth-muscle relaxants are beneficial when abdominal pain is the predominant symptom. In contrast, the efficacy of bulking agents has not been established. Loperamide is effective for diarrhea. Evidence for use of psychotropic agents is inconclusive; more high-quality trials of longer duration are needed. Evidence for the efficacy of 5-HT-receptor antagonists seems favorable, although more studies are needed.",
author = "Jeegar Jailwala and Thomas Imperiale and Kurt Kroenke",
journal = "Annals of Internal Medicine",
publisher = "American College of Physicians",
T1 - Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome
T2 - A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials
AU - Jailwala, Jeegar
AU - Imperiale, Thomas
AU - Kroenke, Kurt
N2 - Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacologic agents for the irritable bowel syndrome. Data Sources: Electronic literature search of MEDLINE (1966 to 1999), EMBASE (1980 to 1999), PsyclNFO (1967 to 1999), and the Cochrane controlled trials registry and a manual search of references from bibliographies of identified articles. Study Selection: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, or crossover trials of a pharmacologic intervention for adult patients that reported outcomes of improvement in global or irritable bowel-specific symptoms. Data Extraction: Qualitative and quantitative data reported on study groups, interventions, treatment outcomes, and trial methodologic characteristics. Data Synthesis: 70 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most common medication classes were smooth-muscle relaxants (16 trials), bulking agents (13 trials), prokinetic agents (6 trials), psychotropic agents (7 trials), and loperamide (4 trials). The strongest evidence for efficacy was shown for smooth-muscle relaxants in patients with abdominal pain as the predominant symptom. Loperamide seems to reduce diarrhea but does not relieve abdominal pain. Although psychotropic agents were shown to produce global improvement, the evidence is based on a small number of studies of suboptimal quality. Psychotropic drugs, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-receptor antagonists, peppermint oil, and Chinese herbal medicine require further study. Conclusion: Smooth-muscle relaxants are beneficial when abdominal pain is the predominant symptom. In contrast, the efficacy of bulking agents has not been established. Loperamide is effective for diarrhea. Evidence for use of psychotropic agents is inconclusive; more high-quality trials of longer duration are needed. Evidence for the efficacy of 5-HT-receptor antagonists seems favorable, although more studies are needed.
AB - Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacologic agents for the irritable bowel syndrome. Data Sources: Electronic literature search of MEDLINE (1966 to 1999), EMBASE (1980 to 1999), PsyclNFO (1967 to 1999), and the Cochrane controlled trials registry and a manual search of references from bibliographies of identified articles. Study Selection: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, or crossover trials of a pharmacologic intervention for adult patients that reported outcomes of improvement in global or irritable bowel-specific symptoms. Data Extraction: Qualitative and quantitative data reported on study groups, interventions, treatment outcomes, and trial methodologic characteristics. Data Synthesis: 70 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most common medication classes were smooth-muscle relaxants (16 trials), bulking agents (13 trials), prokinetic agents (6 trials), psychotropic agents (7 trials), and loperamide (4 trials). The strongest evidence for efficacy was shown for smooth-muscle relaxants in patients with abdominal pain as the predominant symptom. Loperamide seems to reduce diarrhea but does not relieve abdominal pain. Although psychotropic agents were shown to produce global improvement, the evidence is based on a small number of studies of suboptimal quality. Psychotropic drugs, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-receptor antagonists, peppermint oil, and Chinese herbal medicine require further study. Conclusion: Smooth-muscle relaxants are beneficial when abdominal pain is the predominant symptom. In contrast, the efficacy of bulking agents has not been established. Loperamide is effective for diarrhea. Evidence for use of psychotropic agents is inconclusive; more high-quality trials of longer duration are needed. Evidence for the efficacy of 5-HT-receptor antagonists seems favorable, although more studies are needed.
JO - Annals of Internal Medicine
JF - Annals of Internal Medicine


An immense benefit of using pond dyes is that you get to see instant results. Most pond treatments take 2-4 weeks before you see results, but with pond dyes you will have instant satisfaction in a single day. Due to uncontrollable geographic properties, a pond's water may become dull, cloudy, or a dirty brown. A great way to reconcile this and enhance the beauty of your pond is to use special dyes. Not only do the dyes color your pond, but many pond dyes such as Aquashade also have UV filtering properties that curb weed growth. Read more about the benefits of dying your pond.
Two of the most popular commercially available pond dyes are Aquashade and Sapphire Bay®. Aquashade is a blend of blue and yellow dyes that work together specifically to screen or shade portions of the sunlight spectrum (red-orange and blue-violet) that are known to promote underwater weed and algae growth. Sapphire Bay® blue pond dye adds a natural looking blue-green color to lakes, ponds, or large fountains.
Pond dye's UV filtering properties, particularly Aquashade's, is beneficial for limiting algae growth. Algae can easily over take a pond and damage the overall health. By using pond dyes, you can help limit the algae's ability to proliferate throughout your pond.
For late season pond dye use, we recommend a black dye called Loch Ness. It is an effective black pond dye that will significantly darken your pond and provide a more pure, reflective quality By dying a pond black late in the season, you will limit the amount of weed regeneration in the coming season.


I LOVE lime. I love it so much that the lime tree was the first we planted at our new house. I'll take my lime squeezed over buttered and powdered sugar french toast, on top of a shrimp taco, in my water, and my goodness, in dessert? Even better! So I was pumped to see the Creamiest Lime Cream Meringue Pie chosen for this week's Tuesdays with Dorie recipe.
I spent all day in the kitchen Monday making Greek food (I'll post the Greek Panzanella soon) for my brother's birthday, though, and by the time I went to make the pie I realized I didn't have the four hours necessary for fridge time. I hated to make gloppy, not-quite-set pie (though let's be honest, I would have been more than happy just to drink the lime cream- it looks so good), so I just opted for my version of the Florida Pie. It's quick, it's easy (so easy I feel almost like Sandra Lee, /gag), and it's a crowd-pleaser.
Of course it helps when the crowd is all starving 21 and 22 year old boys (and my little man- he insisted on sitting with "da boys"). While they'll eat anything and everything (they did, too, there's not one scrap of leftovers for tomorrow) this really is a delicious pie. Topped with whipped cream and with all the refreshing lime flavor, this pie's a winner.
Note- I used a regular pie crust this time, but a graham comes together in much less time and tastes great too- either way you can't go wrong!
Butter a 9-inch springform pan (or pie plate or tart pan). Stir the crumbs and sugar together in a medium bowl. Pour over the melted butter and stir until all of the dry ingredients are uniformly moist. Turn the ingredients into the buttered springform pan and use your fingers to pat an even layer of crumbs along the bottom of the pan and about halfway up the sides. Don't worry if the sides are not perfectly even or if the crumbs reach above or below the midway mark on the sides—this doesn't have to be a precision job. Put the pan in the freezer while you preheat the oven.
Center a rack in the oven, preheat the oven to 350°F and place the springform on a baking sheet. Bake for 10 minutes. Set the crust aside to cool on a rack while you make the filling.
Working with a stand mixer, preferably fitted with a paddle attachment, or with a hand mixer in a large bowl beat the egg yolks and lime zest at high speed until thick and pale. Reduce the mixer speed to low and beat in the condensed milk. Still on low, add half of the lime juice. When it is incorporated, add the remaining juice, again mixing until it is blended. Bake the pie for 12 minutes. Transfer the pie to a cooling rack and cool for 15 minutes, then freeze the pie for at least 1 hour. Serve with whipped cream and garnish with lime zest or lime wedges.
It looks fantastic - I wouldn't have been able to tell the difference for the filling. At least it made it to the pie tin! Perfect meringue - too. They all look like they enjoyed it (as well as the Greek cuisine)! Nicely done!!!
What a beautiful pie! It looks delicious!
I wish I had a lime tree!!!
Oh my dear and oh so talented Anne Strawberry !
My son just said this past weekend how he was dreaming of PIE !
Wooohooo ! Now I have some motivation....thank YOU !
Yum. I would like it like this, too. I started making Dorie's pie, then all the sudden turned it in to ice cream with graham cracker sandwiches! Good! Fun groupies.
I LOVE lime, too! I was so glad someone finally chose this one. I loved the meringue but the whipped cream looks good.
YOur pie looks great. I love love love lime too.
Ooh, I loved the Florida pie. Good call, when you've got a room full of 20-ish year old guys, you gotta do what you gotta do.
Your pie looks wonderful! Love the whipped cream on top.
I thought I was a lemon dessert girl even though just like you I love a good lime squeezed over my shrimp tacos but this lime meringue pie totally changed my mind. I used a graham crust but I'm hearing raves from the pie crust users so I might have to give that a go next time! So glad you and "the boys" enjoyed your pie!
Lime is one of my favorites too! I love it on seafood, as pie and even to grind in my disposal to make my house smell good. It is so fresh. Your pie looks great!
i love citrus. now i am craving some key lime pie or something like that.
I love lime, and I love your pie! And what a happy looking bunch of guys; they look like they just had one of Anne Strawberry's lime pies - lucky boys!
That pie looks gorgeous, but that Greek Panzanella sounds awesome!I can't wait to see it!
First off, hat's off to you for cooking for that table of hungry guys...now, that a lot of serious cooking!!!
Until this pie, I was just *meh* about lime desserts. It definitely made a lime pie fan out of me. I'm so glad you enjoyed it...your pie looks very tasty!
Thanks for baking along with me this week Anne!
It looks like a great pie!
Yum, yum, ymmmy. Love you!
What great smiling faces! Your pie looks and sounds awesome to me. I think it is great when people have their own lime trees.
Good call topping this with whipped cream! I think cream > meringue any day!
I love your little man at the big boy table! So cute! And your pie too!


text:
'use strict'

module.exports = createGrid

var createBuffer  = require('gl-buffer')
var createShader  = require('gl-shader')
var bsearch       = require('binary-search-bounds')
var shaders       = require('./shaders')

function Grid(plot, vbo, shader, tickShader) {
  this.plot   = plot
  this.vbo    = vbo
  this.shader = shader
  this.tickShader = tickShader
  this.ticks  = [[], []]
}

function compareTickNum(a, b) {
  return a - b
}

var proto = Grid.prototype

proto.draw = (function() {

  var DATA_SHIFT = [0,0]
  var DATA_SCALE = [0,0]
  var DATA_AXIS  = [0,0]

  return function() {
    var plot       = this.plot
    var vbo        = this.vbo
    var shader     = this.shader
    var ticks      = this.ticks
    var gl         = plot.gl
    var bounds     = plot._tickBounds
    var dataBox    = plot.dataBox
    var viewPixels = plot.viewBox
    var lineWidth  = plot.gridLineWidth
    var gridColor  = plot.gridLineColor
    var gridEnable = plot.gridLineEnable
    var pixelRatio = plot.pixelRatio

    for(var i=0; i<2; ++i) {
      var lo = bounds[i]
      var hi = bounds[i+2]
      var boundScale = hi - lo
      var dataCenter  = 0.5 * (dataBox[i+2] + dataBox[i])
      var dataWidth   = dataBox[i+2] - dataBox[i]
      DATA_SCALE[i] = 2.0 * boundScale / dataWidth
      DATA_SHIFT[i] = 2.0 * (lo - dataCenter) / dataWidth
    }

    shader.bind()
    vbo.bind()
    shader.attributes.dataCoord.pointer()
    shader.uniforms.dataShift = DATA_SHIFT
    shader.uniforms.dataScale = DATA_SCALE

    var offset = 0
    for(var i=0; i<2; ++i) {
      DATA_AXIS[0] = DATA_AXIS[1] = 0
      DATA_AXIS[i] = 1
      shader.uniforms.dataAxis  = DATA_AXIS
      shader.uniforms.lineWidth = lineWidth[i] / (viewPixels[i+2] - viewPixels[i]) * pixelRatio
      shader.uniforms.color     = gridColor[i]

      var size = ticks[i].length * 6
      if(gridEnable[i] && size) {
        gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, offset, size)
      }
      offset += size
    }
  }
})()

proto.drawTickMarks = (function() {
  var DATA_SHIFT = [0,0]
  var DATA_SCALE = [0,0]
  var X_AXIS     = [1,0]
  var Y_AXIS     = [0,1]
  var SCR_OFFSET = [0,0]
  var TICK_SCALE = [0,0]

  return function() {
    var plot       = this.plot
    var vbo        = this.vbo
    var shader     = this.tickShader
    var ticks      = this.ticks
    var gl         = plot.gl
    var bounds     = plot._tickBounds
    var dataBox    = plot.dataBox
    var viewBox    = plot.viewBox
    var pixelRatio = plot.pixelRatio
    var screenBox  = plot.screenBox

    var screenWidth  = screenBox[2] - screenBox[0]
    var screenHeight = screenBox[3] - screenBox[1]
    var viewWidth    = viewBox[2]   - viewBox[0]
    var viewHeight   = viewBox[3]   - viewBox[1]

    for(var i=0; i<2; ++i) {
      var lo = bounds[i]
      var hi = bounds[i+2]
      var boundScale = hi - lo
      var dataCenter  = 0.5 * (dataBox[i+2] + dataBox[i])
      var dataWidth   = (dataBox[i+2] - dataBox[i])
      DATA_SCALE[i] = 2.0 * boundScale / dataWidth
      DATA_SHIFT[i] = 2.0 * (lo - dataCenter) / dataWidth
    }

    DATA_SCALE[0] *= viewWidth / screenWidth
    DATA_SHIFT[0] *= viewWidth / screenWidth

    DATA_SCALE[1] *= viewHeight / screenHeight
    DATA_SHIFT[1] *= viewHeight / screenHeight

    shader.bind()
    vbo.bind()

    shader.attributes.dataCoord.pointer()

    var uniforms = shader.uniforms
    uniforms.dataShift = DATA_SHIFT
    uniforms.dataScale = DATA_SCALE

    var tickMarkLength = plot.tickMarkLength
    var tickMarkWidth  = plot.tickMarkWidth
    var tickMarkColor  = plot.tickMarkColor

    var xTicksOffset = 0
    var yTicksOffset = ticks[0].length * 6

    var xStart = Math.min(bsearch.ge(ticks[0], (dataBox[0] - bounds[0]) / (bounds[2] - bounds[0]), compareTickNum), ticks[0].length)
    var xEnd   = Math.min(bsearch.gt(ticks[0], (dataBox[2] - bounds[0]) / (bounds[2] - bounds[0]), compareTickNum), ticks[0].length)
    var xOffset = xTicksOffset + 6 * xStart
    var xCount  = 6 * Math.max(0, xEnd - xStart)

    var yStart = Math.min(bsearch.ge(ticks[1], (dataBox[1] - bounds[1]) / (bounds[3] - bounds[1]), compareTickNum), ticks[1].length)
    var yEnd   = Math.min(bsearch.gt(ticks[1], (dataBox[3] - bounds[1]) / (bounds[3] - bounds[1]), compareTickNum), ticks[1].length)
    var yOffset = yTicksOffset + 6 * yStart
    var yCount  = 6 * Math.max(0, yEnd - yStart)

    SCR_OFFSET[0]         = 2.0 * (viewBox[0] - tickMarkLength[1]) / screenWidth - 1.0
    SCR_OFFSET[1]         = (viewBox[3] + viewBox[1]) / screenHeight - 1.0
    TICK_SCALE[0]         = tickMarkLength[1] * pixelRatio / screenWidth
    TICK_SCALE[1]         = tickMarkWidth[1]  * pixelRatio / screenHeight

    if(yCount) {
      uniforms.color        = tickMarkColor[1]
      uniforms.tickScale    = TICK_SCALE
      uniforms.dataAxis     = Y_AXIS
      uniforms.screenOffset = SCR_OFFSET
      gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, yOffset, yCount)
    }

    SCR_OFFSET[0]         = (viewBox[2] + viewBox[0]) / screenWidth - 1.0
    SCR_OFFSET[1]         = 2.0 * (viewBox[1] - tickMarkLength[0]) / screenHeight - 1.0
    TICK_SCALE[0]         = tickMarkWidth[0]  * pixelRatio / screenWidth
    TICK_SCALE[1]         = tickMarkLength[0] * pixelRatio / screenHeight

    if(xCount) {
      uniforms.color        = tickMarkColor[0]
      uniforms.tickScale    = TICK_SCALE
      uniforms.dataAxis     = X_AXIS
      uniforms.screenOffset = SCR_OFFSET
      gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, xOffset, xCount)
    }

    SCR_OFFSET[0]         = 2.0 * (viewBox[2] + tickMarkLength[3]) / screenWidth - 1.0
    SCR_OFFSET[1]         = (viewBox[3] + viewBox[1]) / screenHeight - 1.0
    TICK_SCALE[0]         = tickMarkLength[3] * pixelRatio / screenWidth
    TICK_SCALE[1]         = tickMarkWidth[3]  * pixelRatio / screenHeight

    if(yCount) {
      uniforms.color        = tickMarkColor[3]
      uniforms.tickScale    = TICK_SCALE
      uniforms.dataAxis     = Y_AXIS
      uniforms.screenOffset = SCR_OFFSET
      gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, yOffset, yCount)
    }

    SCR_OFFSET[0]         = (viewBox[2] + viewBox[0]) / screenWidth - 1.0
    SCR_OFFSET[1]         = 2.0 * (viewBox[3] + tickMarkLength[2]) / screenHeight - 1.0
    TICK_SCALE[0]         = tickMarkWidth[2]  * pixelRatio / screenWidth
    TICK_SCALE[1]         = tickMarkLength[2] * pixelRatio / screenHeight

    if(xCount) {
      uniforms.color        = tickMarkColor[2]
      uniforms.tickScale    = TICK_SCALE
      uniforms.dataAxis     = X_AXIS
      uniforms.screenOffset = SCR_OFFSET
      gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, xOffset, xCount)
    }
  }
})()

proto.update = (function() {
  var OFFSET_X = [1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1]
  var OFFSET_Y = [1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1]

  return function(options) {
    var ticks  = options.ticks
    var bounds = options.bounds
    var data   = new Float32Array(6 * 3 * (ticks[0].length + ticks[1].length))

    var zeroLineEnable = this.plot.zeroLineEnable

    var ptr    = 0
    var gridTicks = [[], []]
    for(var dim=0; dim<2; ++dim) {
      var localTicks = gridTicks[dim]
      var axisTicks = ticks[dim]
      var lo = bounds[dim]
      var hi = bounds[dim+2]
      for(var i=0; i<axisTicks.length; ++i) {
        var x = (axisTicks[i].x - lo) / (hi - lo)
        localTicks.push(x)
        for(var j=0; j<6; ++j) {
          data[ptr++] = x
          data[ptr++] = OFFSET_X[j]
          data[ptr++] = OFFSET_Y[j]
        }
      }
    }

    this.ticks = gridTicks
    this.vbo.update(data)
  }
})()

proto.dispose = function() {
  this.vbo.dispose()
  this.shader.dispose()
  this.tickShader.dispose()
}

function createGrid(plot) {
  var gl     = plot.gl
  var vbo    = createBuffer(gl)
  var shader = createShader(gl, shaders.gridVert, shaders.gridFrag)
  var tickShader = createShader(gl, shaders.tickVert, shaders.gridFrag)
  var grid   = new Grid(plot, vbo, shader, tickShader)
  return grid
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Rebekah Campbell
This Is Modern Love
Welcome to the new era of modern romance
By Olive Pometsey
While fairytales may portray love as everlasting, the sweet stereotypes of conventional romance are starting to run stale. As England prepares to celebrate the royal wedding, ELLE looks at the couples redefining what love means and looks like in the UK today. Welcome to the new era of modern romance. Now meet the couples living in it.
Liv Little, founder of gal-dem, and Suhaiyla Shakuwra, jewellery designer
In love for one year
Liv: 'When we met, I was in a place of stress and had migraines every day. Suhaiyla taught me to look after myself – now I feel in a much better place. When you have a partner, you have a reason to take time out from work. I'm fortunate that being a black, gay woman in London right now is chill. We're able to surround ourselves with queer women of colour at club nights like BBZ. Many people don't have that support network.'
Suhaiyla: 'So much has happened in a year; going through tough times together and being able to pull through it in the relationship. There's been loss, moving and the quitting of jobs to pursue dreams. Together, we're stronger.'
Steve Salter, fashion features editor, Susie Lau, writer, and baby Nico
In love for eleven years
Steve: 'We first got together on a trip to Amsterdam with a bunch of our mates. We were staying in this awful hostel and took mushrooms. We ended up being not really able to do anything, so just spooned in our bunk bed.'
Susie: 'People always ask us why we're not married. It's on our bucket list, but we did things in a different order. This sounds bad, but I actually did not think Steve would be as amazing a dad as he is. We're both sometimes impatient and self-obsessed, but when Nico came along, the patience he's shown... He would do anything and everything for her.'
Tom Barratt and Eden Loweth, creative directors of Art School
In love for two-and-a-half years
Tom: 'I've gone through phases of being confused about my gender, but the reason Eden and I got on so well was because we were both dressing in girls' clothes and neither of us batted an eyelid. We were just ourselves around each other and realised that really early on. As we keep doing collections, I think you can see our relationship reflected in Art School and how our journey has been working together. You learn and grow with each other. It's very personal.'
Eden: 'Tom has given me a lot of courage to do what I want. Two years ago, I would never have been able to be so effeminate. He's also given me a lot of confidence in my weight, which has always been a big obstacle for me, particularly in past relationships. Now we live and work in the same place – our studio is part of our house – and it's quite all-consuming, but I don't think Art School would be as successful if we didn't work like that. We like to feel completely immersed in it.'
Tulip Siddiq, Labour MP, and Christian William St John Percy, company director
In love for seven years
Christian: 'We were set up on a blind date by friends and went for a picnic on Hampstead Heath. It started to get dark and I realised we'd been talking for six hours nonstop. I took six months off work to help Tulip campaign because I wanted her to win. I was confident she was the right person for the job. I knew if I hadn't taken time off and been part of it, I'd feel really gutted now, like I'd missed out on part of her life.'
Tulip: 'We got married at the House of Commons. I wasn't an MP at the time, but I wanted to get married there because my life is so political. Chris hadn't told me until our 17th date that his parents met at the Young Conservatives, and a lot of their friends, who came to our wedding, met through the group, too. So you can imagine, with my friends from the Labour Party also included, there was a lot of politics talk. I'm Muslim and Chris is Christian, but we've just maintained our own culture and religion by taking an interest in each other's. We're teaching our daughter both and then she'll choose when she's older. She'll do Muslim and Bengali cultural things with me, but she also knows what church is like. And she goes to a Jewish nursery, too, so she's a citizen of the world – a real Londoner.'
Alexander Fury, fashion journalist, and Joseph Larkowsky, fashion illustrator
In love for three years
Joseph: 'Growing up, I was obsessed with fashion and knew I wanted to work in it, so finding somebody who I not only love and respect, but also who I can have conversations with about the most ridiculous, niche things within the industry, just makes life all the richer.'
Alexander: 'After our first date, I told my friends, "I'm done. I know who I'm going to spend the rest of my life with." It was the same when my mum met my dad; she knew that was the guy she was going to marry. Joe made me realise I need to make more time for life, as opposed to just working. Last August, we went to Paris. I was very good friends with Azzedine Alaïa, so we spent an amazing weekend with him.'
Benjamin Ella and Akane Takada, dancers at The Royal Ballet
In love for five years
Benjamin: 'Akane is the hardest worker. I find it difficult to keep up, but it's amazing to aspire to. She's also so caring, but because she's shy, she won't always show it. We just performed in Giselle together and our characters were in love, so playing those roles came naturally.'
Akane: 'We first bonded when we were both injured, and because of that, I felt like I'd lost part of myself. Being able to support each other through that difficult time was so encouraging for me to get through the recovery. Ben likes sharing things with people. He's an open person, whereas I'm quite shy; it takes time for me to be myself. When I saw how easily he talked about his feelings, I wanted to be more like him.'
Samuel Ross, creative director A-COLD-WALL*, business partner Jennifer Onojeide, and baby Genesis
In love for two years
Samuel: 'We met at a Black Lives Matter march. Love at first sight is extreme, but it was high interest at first sight. I think our attire was a signal that we would get on. It was fierce. We have bonded over our interest in the fashion industry, rather than clothes, and that means being able to carve out a narrative for people of colour.'
Jennifer: 'Having a child really brings you together. We're learning more about each other with her. Sam is really ambitious, strong-minded, very caring and loving, and that's what makes him a good parent. It's like we complete each other. What I lack, he fulfills. Together, we make the whole.'
John Holt, founder of LAW magazine, and Leonn Ward, film director and photographer
John: 'We met at a LAW issue launch at Moth Club. That was one of the best nights of my life. My favourite band, Real Lies, were playing and I was on cloud nine, so felt confident enough to ask Leonn if she wanted a drink. I grabbed her hand and took her to the bar. Sometimes I say sorry for leaning on her, but she keeps me propped up. You've got to be a strong woman to keep a 6ft 6in geezer upright in hard times.'
Leonn: 'I think we have our own language at this point. He basically just takes the piss out of my Irish accent and I take the piss out of his English accent, and we have somehow formed a language between ourselves where we just laugh at each other.'
Fergus and Margot Henderson, chefs
In love for twenty-six years
Fergus: 'I fell in love immediately with Margot. She knocked me into shape as a chef. We would have cross words in the kitchen, then kiss and make up. I still wake up and wonder what we're having for lunch. It's why it works: we have a similar enthusiasm for lunch.'
Margot: 'We met at a pop-up dining club Fergus was doing. It was the opening night and everyone was there. And what did I get on my plate? Pigeon and peas. I thought this guy was amazing and bonkers. I went upstairs to meet the chef, and there he was. The next meal he cooked me was cabbage and spaghetti with truffle oil at his house. I just thought, "Oh my God, this guy is so cool." I'm still his number-one fan.'
Billie and Ty, models
Billie: 'On our wedding day, we wanted to mix our cultures. We had a civil ceremony and then a blessing by Ty's parents' pastor. We mixed all the food – half Nigerian and half English – and came out wearing traditional Yoruba outfits for a dance. When I was walking down the aisle, Ty turned around and he was crying. I had never seen him cry before.'
Ty: 'It's important that our baby [due in June] knows its Nigerian heritage, because I think as a lot of people get older, they feel lost. You need some lineage. I want to choose a name that our baby can look back on and ask, "Where am I from?" It's what I felt I had to deal with.'
ELLE's 'Modern Love' issue is on news stands now. All videos shot on a Google Pixel 2.
ELLE's June Issue Is A Celebration of Modern Love
Photographer Says Meghan Markle Is Too In Love
Greta Gerwig Reportedly Writing New Barbie Film
Urgent Not Important: How To Focus On What Matters
Celebrities On Holiday: The A-List's Holiday Pics
10 Things To Do This July
What To Know About 'Stranger Things' Maya Hawke
What's New On Netflix, Amazon Prime And Now TV
Meghan Markle Makes Surprise Visit To Wimbledon
Modern Superstar: Priyanka Chopra Jonas
Lady Gaga, Adele & Claire Foy Join Oscars Academy
Chris Pratt's Sunburn Looks Mighty Painful
Muted Modernity
Be a Modern Muse
Modern is... Christopher Kane's neon
A Modern, Tough, Veronica Lake
A modern classic at DAKS


LIVE Fights continue on AXS TV with Legacy 13 in Dallas. In the night's Main Event, top heavyweight prospect Jared Rosholt meets Derrick Lewis for the heavyweight title.
Don't miss Legacy 13 Friday at 10p E on AXS TV. Every Fight Night is an event here at AXS TV, make sure you follow us on Facebook and Twitter during the fights and you can download our new AXS TV Fights Companion App for iPad and iPhone.


Ariana Grande (@arianagrande @theweeknd) unleashes the collaboration "Love Me Harder" between herself and The Weeknd. This will be attached to her forthcoming album "My Everything" which is set to release on August 25th. Listen below.
Nicki Minaj (@nickiminaj @arianagrande @jessiej) follow up their single "Bang Bang" with a commercial for Beats By Dre to promote the new Pink Color Mixr and Pink Pill XL.
Jeezy (@YoungJeezy) just released "Holy Ghost" as the pre-order single from his new album Seen It All. The introspective banger was laced by producers Don Cannon, Lyle LeDuff, and Frank Dukes. Take a listen below and purchase on [itunes link="https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/seen-it-all-autobiography/id910677075?uo=4″ title="Seen_It_All_The_Autobiography_(Deluxe)"] by pre-ordering the album.


text:
Q: Conditional SQL Join from several tables I have three tables that are connected. I need to make a single SQL selection and I know I need to use join of some form but not quite how. I only want the objectID to be selected if the session for userID has access to that object´s area (user gets access if their company has access to the area) The tables I have are:
+----------+--------+ Objects
| objectID | areaID |
+----------+--------+
|        1 |      2 |
|        2 |      2 |
|        3 |      3 |
+----------+--------+
+-----------+--------+ Users
| companyID | userID |
+-----------+--------+
|         1 |      1 |
|         1 |      2 |
|         1 |      3 |
+-----------+--------+
+-----------+--------+ Access
| companyID | areaID |
+-----------+--------+
|         1 |      1 |
|         1 |      2 |
|         1 |      3 |
+-----------+--------+

A: Selected UserID and corresponding areaIDs in inner query using companyID. Then using this, selected distinct ObjectID from Objects table using inner join again with table formed through inner query
Try this query:-
Select distinct a.objectID
from
Objects a
inner join
(
Select a.*,b.areaID
from
Users a
inner join
Access b
on a.companyID=b.companyID
) b
on a.areaID=b.areaID
Where b.UserID= 1;

A: If I understand you right, it seems like two INNER JOIN functions would get the results you're looking for:
WITH ONE AS (
    SELECT a.companyID, a.userID, b.areaID
    FROM Users a
    INNER JOIN Access b
    ON a.companyID = b.companyID
    )

SELECT a.companyID, a.userID, a.areaID, b.objectID
FROM ONE a
INNER JOIN Objects b
ON a.areaID = b.areaID;

EDIT: Reply to comment
If you want to limit the results to a specific userID value, you'll need a WHERE clause:
WITH ONE AS (
    SELECT a.companyID, a.userID, b.areaID
    FROM Users a
    INNER JOIN Access b
    ON a.companyID = b.companyID
    )

SELECT a.companyID, a.userID, a.areaID, b.objectID
FROM ONE a
INNER JOIN Objects b
ON a.areaID = b.areaID
WHERE a.userID = ${specific_user_id};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange