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Importance of time in Japan, What happens when you are late because of a delayed train?
2019-02-18 LIFE , WORK
It is often said that "Japanese train is always accurate." In 2017, the Tsukuba Express apologized for the early departure of only 20 seconds rather than being delayed. This was a big topic all around the world and Even among Japanese people. The world was surprised to know that the train stops and moves within seconds.
Indeed, in Japan, we act on the premise that the train will come just as according to the time table. In fact, a delay of fewer than 10 minutes is not uncommon. Especially in commuting time zones of big cities, there is a possibility that small delay may occur due to overrunning time, due to rush hour riding, and opening and reopening of doors.
In Japan, if you are late for work for just even a few minutes, it is often assessed that "people who are often late mean that they are people who are bad at working". Since the train can be delayed at any time, it is vital for you to ride trains a few minutes earlier than usual. It is important to communicate with the company as soon as possible.
In general it is "Contact by Phone"
Confirm the situation and predict your arrival
Communicate the reason for late arrival along with your current location and arrival time
Delay Certificate
How to receive delay certificates
"I am sorry" not "It can't be helped"
When you are at a platform or at a ticket gate, acknowledge the situation through the announcement or bulletin and predict the time of arrival. It is best to ask the station staff.
How long will it be delayed for?
In the case of instances of delay for a long time, there are there different train transfers or other means of transportation?
If there is a transfer, how to use it
If you find that you will be late, make sure to contact the company by "phone" right away. "The train is delayed and I will be late by OO minutes. I am currently at OO station." is a good way of telling your situation.
When train delay for a long time and it is not concrete how many minutes you will be late, It is best to say "I am currently at OO station and I will be late due to a delayed train. I do not know when the train will start moving but I will contact you as soon as I know the arrival time."
Even in these situations where you missed the announcement or you don't know what is happening with the situation, it is recommended to say "The train has stopped and it is still not moving. I am currently between OO station and OO station and will be late. I will contact you as soon as I get more information on the situation."
In general it is "contacting by phone", however, there are cases when the phone will not reach. In addition, there are times when you can not make a phone call, especially when inside trains. In such cases, it is best to contact the company via e-mail or text messaging but it is best to add reasons at the beginning of your email or text such as; "I tried calling but it did not connect so I am reaching you by mail" and "I am inside the train and cannot call you through the phone so I am contacting you on LINE."
In preparation for such situations, if you inquire in advance the contact information and contact method during an emergency like these with your company , it will keep your mind at peace and things shall go smoothly.
Depending on the railway company and time slot, "Delay certificate" will be issued if the train generally delays for more than 5 minutes. Although there is no legal effect, there are cases where it is not treated as late by some companies due to the submission of the delay certificate. Make sure to investigate work rules in advance.
If a train is delayed for a long period of time it seems that delay certificate is often distributed by ticket examination officer etc.
If you do not get it, you can request at the ticket gate or ticket window.
When you are in a hurry, some railroad companies have a website where you can input the time through the internet. However, since anyone can be able to write their own time, it may not be accepted in some cases so be careful.
Perhaps the train was delayed because it is not your fault, so you may think "I can't help it, it is not my fault", but late is late. It causes trouble to people around you, so, greeting with "I am sorry" would be nice.
Let's add a word "I am sorry" when contacting late. Especially when you contact by email, this is important.
* 1 Tsukuba Express [Apology] About early departure of ordinary train at Minami-Nagareyama station (Japanese only)
https://www.mir.co.jp/assets_rti/pdf/2017.11.14.pdf
* 2 About visualization of delays of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (Japanese only)
http://www.mlit.go.jp/report/press/tetsudo02_hh_000094.html
Types of and Content of "Welfare Benefits" in Japanese Companies


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PROSVETA USA
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Who is Omraam Mikhaël Aïvanhov?
Start with an uplifting Thought for the day...
You must understand silence as the absolute condition for the true Word, for true revelations. In silence, little by little you feel messages reach you, a voice that begins to speak to you. It is this voice that warns you, guides you, protects you. If ...
Omraam Mikhaël Aïvanhov's Teaching is in the tradition of the great sages of humanity. He explains the universal laws of life and offers numerous methods for applying them, leading to a better understanding of ourselves, and participating in the arrival of new world, a new society, united, fraternal and connected with all of Creation.
January, 1900 - Christmas, 1986
books >>>
"My desire is to explain to you, as simply as possible, truths on which you can base your lives, truths which can help you to improve your lives.
Through my teaching, I want to impart to you some essential notions of the human being: how he is designed, his relationships with nature, and the exchanges he must make with the universe if he is to drink from the springs of divine life."
A Legacy for Humanity
Omraam Mikhaël Aïvanhov left a legacy that has been widely known in the West since the middle of the 20th century and whose influence is still felt today ...to read more >>>
A great reformer, he always worked to help and enlighten those who sought truth, by bringing new methods adapted to modern life. He knew that unity and peace on earth among all people is not only possible but ...to read more >>>
The Initiatic Science adapted for our time
If all human beings are eventually able to feel united by fraternal links, to rediscover and restore their spiritual dimension and origin,then there is a possibility of universal brotherhood, in which everyone, regardless of origin, social rank or belief, can live in harmony with themselves, with others and with nature. Books to read >>>
A road map for all of life
During his many years of traveling Omraam Mikhaël Aïvanhov gave thousands of lectures. At first, taken down in short hand, from 1958 recorded on tape and then after 1981, on video.
He never prepared his lectures in advance but improvised according to the conditions of the moment. In this sense, he was able to enlighten precise situations, and answer requests either individual or collective, formulated or from within.
His lectures awaken a resonance within his listeners who discover through them a source of knowledge about spiritual realities.
So, for some fifty years, he covered the main themes of existence in a global (wholistic) perspective, and transmitted in a living language, spiritual truths often unheard of, interwoven with his personal direct and subtle experiences.
His originality is based on the clarity of his discourses and on the pertinence of his subjects for modern-day society.
His lectures are unique in terms of the methods given to integrate spiritual truths into everyday life.
Participate in spreading this Teaching!
Our boosktore on line : Many books, CDs & DVD available in multiple languages and media
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Welcome To Dermaplast
The single most important factor in the success of aesthetic (cosmetic) surgery is the surgeon you select and his team.
Dr. Tariq Saeed is the renowned Bahraini, Plastic, Aesthetic and Laser surgeon who has been in plastic surgery practice since 1983 and trained in Ireland, UK and the USA. Dr. Tariq holds fellowships in surgery from both the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Edinburgh. He holds higher Fellowships in Plastic Surgery from Ireland and the University of Miami in the USA. Dr. Tariq served as an assistant professor of Surgery at the Arabian Gulf University in Bahrain and is an external examiner for the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.


The Almenara golf course designed by Dave Thomas is 27 holes and fairways wander among exceptional landscapes and around two large lakes surrounded by pine and cork trees.
The fairways wander among exceptionally beautiful natural landscapes, amidst two large lakes surrounded by pine and cork oak trees, which take on a singular prominence.
Almenara is as spacious as a dream.
Its 148 rooms, 12 of which can be converted into comfortable Junior Suites or Two-Bedroom Suites, are unique spaces woven into a natural setting featuring exceptional characteristics. The exquisite room décor, inspired by the beauty of the natural surroundings, creates a warm and comfortable ambience endowed with a refined local flavour.
The layout of the rooms, facing the centre of the golf course, converts the views into a sensorial experience that establishes an inseparable union with the sea.
Almenara has 10 two-bedroom suites – two rooms that share a very comfortable living room featuring a sofa bed, television, Playstation, Internet, and more.
Spacious and exceptionally comfortable, these suites are ideal for holidaying families. They successfully combine good taste with comfort, an indispensable objective of the Almenara room decor.
Junior Suites are just as spacious as the Suites, but have only one living room and a bedroom. They are perfect for small families; the living rooms feature the same amenities as those of the suites, and the sofa bed will likely come in handy.
Elysium Sotogrande Spa, offers a refreshing and relaxing reward for your body and mind. The center features the most innovative treatments and the most varied activities designed for health and beauty.
Discover a new concept of healthy holidays in the unique setting of Sotogrande. Within the resort you can enjoy a pioneering experience that combines the most exclusive beauty and relaxation services from Elysium spa, the latest in sports training run, the best group lessons or sports and outdoor activities like golf, paddle tennis, tennis, horse riding and sailing.
Under the umbrella of Sotogrande Health Experience, are the Spa.
Welcome to an oasis of peace. Welcome to Elysium Sotogrande Spa. A center where you will find the perfect setting to relax, to drift experiences of beauty and relaxation, wellness care in a unique space. The center features the most innovative treatments and the most varied activities designed for health, beauty and fitness, with the advice of top professionals. In Elysium we offer a wide variety of fertilizer monthly, quarterly or yearly so that we can better adapt to their preferences and / or needs.
Among the facilities of Almenara also highlight its marvellous golf course, the Sotogrande Golf Academy, Equestrian Center, the Racquet Center next to the beach and paddle tennis courts, beach club, four rooms with capacity for up to 800 people and a varied cuisine on site and nearby including Gaia, a sophisticated world of international cuisine, the more informal VeinTeeOcho, chosen by the golfers and whose magnificent views fall in love, so the Cucurucho beach club, also ideal for celebrations, banquets , gala dinners and barbecues.
The same 27 holes, identical winding fairways, bunkers that are always just as deep, and in spite of it all: a new course to discover each day.
The Beach Club Trocadero Sotogrande, single name popular in Sotogrande, family meeting point par excellence.
This exclusive beach club, open only to members and hotel guests, is located on the Mediterranean coast and features views of Gibraltar and the Sotogrande Water Sports Marina. "El Cucurucho" Beach Club is a special place where rest, sports and leisure are guaranteed for the entire family.
Hammocks and sunshades are available on the beach as well as alongside all four of our swimming pools. The restaurant and snack bar offer a place to gather and eat anything from a simple sandwich to a full buffet lunch.
The club's facilities and summer activities make Cucurucho the centre of daytime life during the hottest months of the year. But it is also an ideal place for celebrations of all kinds throughout the year. Cucurucho is available for seaside gala dinners, pool parties, barbeques, and weddings, making it possible to celebrate important occasions at one of the most beautiful and privileged locations of the entire Andalusia coast.
The Beach Club has Cucurucho endless entertainment and activities for the enjoyment of the smallest, with the help of our entertainment and our pets Nino and Hesperia.
In the Kids Club for children aged 4 to 16 years will find age-appropriate entertainment, thus creating Miniclub, Maxiclub and Teenclub.
The program of activities includes various theme days where children can enjoy great makeup and building its own costume. May also participate in small workshops and sports competitions.
For adults, the Club offers classes in aerobics, stretchings and relaxation.
In the evening we visit our friends Nino and Hesperia to play and dance on the Minidisc.
Weekly Children will enjoy our show with the participation of children, because they are our heroes.
Here are the various restaurants and bars are there in our hotel, all cuisine is prepared by the Executive Chef of the resort of Sotogrande, Christian Puigros Baldowsky.
Christian has extensive experience both nationally and internationally, has brought a culinary wisdom that is reflected in each of the dishes prepared his team, using raw materials of the highest quality, treated with the utmost care and respect.
A semi-circular staircase leads to Gaia Restaurant, an open space surrounded by huge windows elegantly dressed, every day manages to create a warm and relaxed.
In a privileged location between the Hotel and Golf is the Gastrobar The Veinteeocho.
The Pentagrama Bar offers the perfect excuse to enjoy a relaxing moment at the end of the day.
The Hotel Almenara is located in the unique surroundings of Sotogrande overlooking the Mediterranean and surrounded by some of the best golf courses in Europe. It is easily accessible from the airports of Malaga, Jerez de la Frontera and Gibraltar as well, is located 30 minutes from Marbella.
Located in the heart of the Almenara golf course has 148 rooms with exquisite decoration based on natural materials that maintain a warm and genuine local color.
The layout of the rooms around the main building, allowing all of them have views of the green, the gardens or the Mediterranean.


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Q: Alternatives to SignalR and SignalR Service (Azure) in NodeJS instead C# I worked in a backend where I added a SignalR functionality (for real time data communication), I kept this functionality enough separated so it was kinda easy to change it by SignalR cloud service (Azure) when was necessary to scale.
Now I must to do something similar (for real time data communication) but this time I must to do it for a NodeJS backend.
What alternatives do you think would be suitable if I want to work in the same way that before? working initially with a technology and change it later by its cloud version?
Ps: in both cases the frontend is AngularCLI.
Thanks.

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The fourth weekend of the 2015 FIA Formula 3 European Championship was held at Monza, along with a mid-season test, when Team West-Tec F3 showed good form with Raoul Hyman ending the test in fourth of the 34 runners.
For the race weekend, Raoul impressed again in qualifying one and to line up in a very competitive fourth place on the grid. Dropping a place or two at the start, Raoul steadied the ship, and started to apply pressure to those ahead. With the top six battling effectively as one at some stages, Raoul was able to overtake and battled long and hard with Antonio Giovinazzi and Charles Leclerc (first and second in the Championship standings) and led them both for many laps. Starting the last lap in fourth position, and challenging for third, kerb-thumping at the final chicane saw the cars three abreast along the back straight with Raoul dropping to sixth in the process - a disappointment but nonetheless a good result after a very impressive performance, and a debut Rookie podium visit for the young London law student.
Fabian Schiller had qualified in a disappointingly low position but made up a brilliant 14 places before being rudely pushed off the track and into retirement at the Variante Ascari midway through the race.
For race two, Fabi made a great start and was quickly up into the top ten chasing down Stroll and Giovinazzi before those two had an enormous accident and Fabi's car was damaged by a loose tyre from Stroll's wreck. Raoul was also on the move though and climbed up to ninth position, although he dropped to tenth on countback due to the race ending under a red flag.
Race three was another violent affair with Fabi being forced to retire after another car climbed over him at the first corner and Raoul again drove well to pass several cars before the race was again brought to an early conclusion by a red flag.
Raoul Hyman: It was great to finally return to the podium, and start scoring some points. It was great racing at the front again, and I enjoyed my duel with Antonio and Charles. We need to keep working hard, and building on this result to close the gap to the front running teams. Whilst we may have surprised a few people this weekend, and I want to be fighting inside the top ten in every race!
John Miller, Team West-Tec F3: Monza was a challenging weekend for all of the teams, with a lot of incidents and accidents on track. Raoul showed great ability to take his best qualifying position to date and I was proud of the way he raced in the lead group to such good effect. Fabi didn't have a lot of luck but qualifying in the midfield is a lottery on the run down to the first corner. We go to Spa next and I am sure we will be fast again as we also had real front-running pace there last year.


We had a great time at the CIArb event in High Wycombe this evening, presenting a role-play and commentary on mediation, how it works and its benefits. The audience was mostly very inexperienced in mediation, yes there are still such people! The feedback was great. Thanks team – Sue O'Brein, David Evans, Ruth Allington and Martin Havelock.
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Welcome to the latest entry in our Bonus Round series, wherein we tell you all about the new Android games of the day that we couldn't get to during our regular news rounds. Consider this a quick update for the dedicated gamers who can't wait for our weekly roundups, and don't want to wade through a whole day's worth of news just to get their pixelated fix. Today we've got a delightful real-time strategy game with an upfront cost, a space adventure game all about mining moons, a turn-based strategy RPG in beta, a zombie survival game, a casual naval strategy game, a kawaii-themed city smasher, and a card-based dungeon crawler. Read More[Bonus Round] Heroes of Flatlandia, Quantum Contact, S4GE, Delivery from the pain, Uncharted Ocean, Kaiju Rush, and Knights of the Card Table was written by the awesome team at Android Police.
Welcome to the latest entry in our Bonus Round series, wherein we tell you all about the new Android games of the day that we couldn't get to during our regular news rounds. Consider this a quick update for the dedicated gamers who can't wait for our weekly roundups, and don't want to wade through a whole day's worth of news just to get their pixelated fix. Today we've got a slick '80s Outrun endless runner, a delightfully minimal arcade game, a spooky endless runner with an amusing theme, the latest release in the PAKO police chase franchise, a swipe-based racing game, and a digital adaptation of the Salem party game. Read More[Bonus Round] Turbo Chase, Wave Bird, Heart Attacks, PAKO Forever, Stick Sprint, and Town of Salem – The Coven was written by the awesome team at Android Police.


EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN ISO 4254-5:2009/AC March 2011 Mars 2011 März 2011 ICS 65.060.20 English version Version Française Deutsche Fassung Agricultural machinery - Safety - Part 5: Power-driven soil-working machines (ISO 4254-5:2008) Matériel agricole - Sécurité - Partie 5: Machines de travail du sol à outils animés (ISO 4254-5:2008) Landmaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 5: Kraftbetriebene Bodenbearbeitungsgeräte (ISO 4254-5:2008) This corrigendum becomes effective on 16 March 2011 for incorporation in the three official language versions of the EN. Ce corrigendum prendra effet le 16 mars 2011 pour incorporation dans les trois versions linguistiques officielles de la EN. Die Berichtigung tritt am 16.März 2011 zur Einarbeitung in die drei offiziellen Sprachfassungen der EN in Kraft. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Tous droits d exploitation sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit réservés dans le monde entier aux membres nationaux du CEN. Alle Rechte der Verwertung, gleich in welcher Form und in welchem Verfahren, sind weltweit den nationalen Mitgliedern von CEN vorbehalten. Ref. No.:EN ISO 4254-5:2009/AC:2011 D/E/FEN ISO 4254-5:2009/AC:2011 (E) 2 Modifications due to EN ISO 4254-5:2009/AC:2010 The modification due to EN ISO 4254-5:2009/AC:2011 (see below) overrules completely the changes contained in EN ISO 4254-5:2009/AC:2010. As the changes contained in the former corrigendum EN ISO 4254-5:2009/AC:2010 already concerned the Foreword of EN ISO 4254-5:2009, they have been merged with the change of Foreword in EN ISO 4254-5:2009/AC:2011 below. Thus the changes contained in EN ISO 4254-5:2009/AC:2010 are not to be taken into account, nor implemented anymore. Modification due to EN ISO 4254-5:2009/AC:2011 1 Modification to the Foreword Replace the exiting Foreword with the following: EN ISO 4254-5:2009/AC:2011 (E) 3 "Foreword The text of ISO 4254-5:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23 "Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry", Subcommittee SC 3, Safety and comfort of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 4254-5:2009 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144 "Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry" the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 708:1996. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC. It is intended to be used together with EN ISO 4254-1:2009, Agricultural machinery  Safety  Part 1: General requirements (ISO 4254-1:2008) and EN 15811:2009, Agricultural machinery  Guards for moving parts of power transmission  Guard opening with tool (ISO/TS 28923:2007 modified). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (EN 708:1996 and EN 708/A1:2000), which has been technically revised. The following major changes were introduced:  deletion of the reference to EN 1553:1999, Agricultural machinery  Agricultural self-propelled, mounted, semi-mounted and trailed machines  Common safety requirements, and replacement with EN ISO 4254-1:2009, Agricultural machinery  Safety  Part 1: General requirements (ISO 4254-1:2008);  deletion of the requirements related to the guarding of moving parts for power transmission dealt with in EN 15811:2009, Agricultural machinery  Guards for moving parts of power transmission  Guard opening with tool (ISO/TS 28923:2007 modified);  deletion of the requirements related to handling and transport dealt with in EN ISO 4254-1:2009, Agricultural machinery  Safety  Part 1: General requirements (ISO 4254-1:2008);  addition of a noise clause (4.2);  revision of the requirements related to the protection against inadvertent contact with power-driven tools (4.3). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.".


Strengthens critical writing and reading skills to support written communication in academic and professional environments. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, problem analysis, research, logical support and structure. All major essays should range from 2-6 pages of text and must be drawn from the following list: Personal or Event Narrative, Description, Analysis, Article Summary and Response, Evaluation, Argument, Job Application, Business Letter, Memo and On-demand Writing. Students will write 4-5 major essays as well as numerous shorter assignments. At least one essay will use subheadings and a multimodal component (e.g., graphs, charts, pictures or other visuals).
PREREQUISITE(S): Placement in this course requires a cumulative high-school GPA of 3.0 or higher OR an ACT-English score of 18 or higher AND an ACT-Reading score of 21 or higher. When neither GPA nor ACT scores are available, students are placed based on the North Central's scored writing assessment. Contact Learning Support Services.


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The Problem With The 25th Amendment
Home /Freelining, Opinion, Politics/The Problem With The 25th Amendment
Freelining,Opinion,Politics |
For months, many opponents of Donald Trump have been calling for cabinet members to unite in using the 25th Amendment to remove him from office and "save the country." In particular they refer to Section 4 of the Amendment, which states that a sitting president may be removed by his/her vice president and a majority of the cabinet if deemed unfit to carry out his/her duties.
At such time, the vice president assumes the role of president until/unless there is a counter argument from the president in writing. At that point, the v.p. and cabinet could challenge the counter and Congress would have 21 days to decide who is right.
This is a dangerous path to go down for Democrats or any of those who oppose what Trump has brought to the table, for a number of reasons.
What Are The Risks of Going Down This Path?
First, is the "pipe dream" aspect of the possibility of this occurring. Given all that Trump has already done, said and tweeted, what basis do we have for believing that his ever loyal V.P. Pence and his ever-changing group of cabinet members would decide to carry this mission out? There's just no evidence to support it as a possibility.
Even if, for example, Vice President Pence did a total about face in some kind of power grab maneuver, there's simply no evidence that he could get a majority of the cabinet to join him in the quest.
Second, the use of the 25th Amendment is the most messy of the options on the table for Trump opposition players to remove him from power. The Special Counsel investigation, along with the separate multiple federal and state investigations, congressional investigations, etc., have a much better shot at producing findings that would demand a resignation or impeachment.
Long shot? Maybe.
What's a Better Option Than the 25th Amendment?
But there's a much better bet than the use of the 25th. The best option is to defeat Trump at the polls and in the court of public opinion.
The 2018 election, bringing with it a Congressional Blue Wave of historic proportions, showed how vulnerable Trump is. Couple that with the fodder he provides daily (just check the "Tim Apple" controversy to see how ridiculous he is with the lying), and the Democrats have a strong chance, should they unite under a candidate, to sweep both houses of Congress and the Presidency.
Finally, unlike the other aforementioned options, invoking the 25th Amendment (barring an incapacitating medical emergency) would bring strife in the nation like never before, since 30-37% of the electorate would decry the stolen White House. Moderates might even recognize that this was not the way to go and speak out in the same way.
In dealing with the quagmire created by Trump, moving on from the 25th Amendment is in the best interests of all.
Paul Castaneda is an Orlando actor, stage director, playwright and sales professional, and the co-founder of the Greater Orlando Actors Theatre (GOAT). He is also the co-founder of Orlando Entertains. You can contact Paul at Freeline Media through FreelineOrlando@Gmail.com.
Freeline Media accepts opinion columns — ones that are polite, civil, and done with insight and good taste — from all points of view, all ideologies, all political parties and concerns. Contact us today at FreelineOrlando@gmail.com if you'd like to share your views and opinions with Freeline Media and our readers.
The New Anne Frank Graphic Novel is a Stunning Artistic Achievement
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Florida Voters Oppose Quick Reopening…


We believe the Bible, consisting of the 66 books of the Old and New Testaments, is the inspired Word of God (2 Timothy 3:16). Men were moved by the Spirit of God to write the very words of Scripture. Therefore, we believe the Bible is without error. We believe that the Bible is the sole authority for our faith, and that all we need to know about God's redemptive plan for humanity is contained in it.
We believe that humans were created in the image of God (Genesis 1:26a) to have fellowship with Him but broke that relationship through sinful disobedience (Genesis 3:1-24). As a result, we are incapable of regaining a right relationship with God through our own effort alone.
We believe that the blood of Jesus Christ, shed on the cross, is the only basis for the forgiveness of sin (John 14:6). Therefore, salvation occurs only when people place their faith in the death and resurrection of Christ as sufficient payment for their sin (Acts 4:12).
We believe that the church is the body of Jesus Christ, and He is the head (Ephesians 5:23). The members of the universal church are those who have, by faith, trusted the finished work of Christ. The purpose of the church is to glorify God by loving Him and by making Him known to the lost world, and faithfully work to bring the Kingdom of God to all of humanity.
Our pastors primarily use and recommend the Christian Standard Bible (CSB). Also valuable are the New International Version (NIV), New Century Version (NCV), Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB), among others. YouVersion and Bible Gateway are both excellent online Bible resources.


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Courts & Resources
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From "Ghost in This House" to "O Death," Our 13 Favorite Boo-Grass Classics
By Justin Hiltner
Ah! There's a chill in the air, color in the leaves, and a craving for the spookiest songs in bluegrass — it must be fall. Bluegrass, old-time, and country do unsettling music remarkably well, from ancient folk lyrics of love gone wrong to ghost stories to truly "WTF??" moments. If you're a fan of pumpkins, hot cider, and murder ballads we've crafted this list of 13 spooky-season bluegrass songs just for you:
The Country Gentlemen – "Bringing Mary Home"
THE bluegrass ghost story song. THE archetypical example of "What's that story, stranger? Well, wait 'til you hear this wild twist…" in country songwriting. (Yes, that's a country songwriting archetype.) The Country Gentlemen did quiet, ambling — and spooky — bangers better than anybody else in bluegrass.
Cherryholmes – "Red Satin Dress"
Fans of now-retired family band Cherryholmes will know how rare it was for father and bassist Jere to step up to the microphone to sing lead. His grumbling, coarse voice and deadpan delivery do this modern murder ballad justice and then some.
One has to wonder, though, with so many songs about murderous, deceitful women in bluegrass — the overwhelmingly male songwriters across the genre's history couldn't be bitter and misogynist, could they? Could they?
Zach & Maggie – "Double Grave"
A more recent example of unsettling songwriting in bluegrass and Americana, husband-and-wife duo Zach & Maggie White give a whimsical, joyful bent to their decidedly creepy song "Double Grave" in the 2019 music video for the track. Just enough of the story is left up to the imagination of the listener. Feel free to color inside — or outside — of the lines as you decide just how the song's couple landed in their double grave.
Alison Krauss – "Ghost in This House"
Come for the iconic AKUS track, stay for the impeccable introduction by Alison. Equal parts cheesy and stunning, if you haven't belted along to this song at hundreds of decibels while no one is watching, you're lying. Not technically a ghost story, we're sliding in this hit purely because a Nashville hook as good as this deserves mention in a spooky-themed playlist.
The Stanley Brothers – "Little Glass of Wine"
Ah, American folk music, a tradition that *checks notes* celebrates the infinity-spanning, universe-halting power of love by valorizing murdering objects of that love. Kinda makes you think, doesn't it? Here's a tried and true old lyric, offered by the Stanley Brothers in that brother-duet-story-song style that's unique to bluegrass. What's more scary than an accidental (on purpose) double poisoning? The Stanley Brothers might accomplish spooky 'grass better than any other bluegrass act across the decades.
Missy Raines – "Blackest Crow"
A less traditional rendering of a folk canon lyric, Missy Raines' "Blackest Crow" might not feel particularly terrifying in and of itself, but the dark imagery of crows, ravens, and their relatives will always be a spectre in folk music, if not especially in bluegrass.
Bill Monroe – "Body and Soul"
The lonesome longing dirge of a flat-seven chord might be the spookiest sound in bluegrass, from "Wheel Hoss" to "Old Joe Clark" to "Body and Soul." A love song written through a morbid and mortal lens, you can almost feel the distance between the object's body and soul widening as the singer — in the Big Mon's unflappable tenor — objectifies his love, perhaps not realizing the cold, unfeeling quality of his actions. It's a paradox distilled impossibly perfectly into song.
Rhiannon Giddens – "O Death"
Most fans of roots music know "O Death" from the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack and the version popularized by Ralph Stanley and the Stanley Brothers. On a recent album, Rhiannon Giddens and Francesco Turrisi reprise the popular song based on a different source — Bessie Jones of the Georgia Sea Island Singers.
The striking aural image of Stanley singing the song, a capella, in the film and on the Down from the Mountain tour will remain forever indelible, but Giddens' version calls back to the lyrics' timelessness outside of the Coen Brothers' or bluegrass universes and reminds us of just how much of American music and culture are entirely thanks to the contributions of Black folks.
Johnson Mountain Boys – "Dream of a Miner's Child"
Mining songs are some of the creepiest and most heartbreaking — and back-breaking — songs in bluegrass, but this classic performance from the Johnson Mountain Boys featuring soaring, heart-stopping vocals by Dudley Connell, casts the format in an even more blood-chilling light: Through the eyes of a prophetic, tragic dream of a miner's child. The entire schoolhouse performance by the Johnson Mountain Boys won't ever be forgotten, and rightly so, but this specific song might be the best of the long-acclaimed At the Old Schoolhouse album.
Oh daddy, don't go to the mine today / for dreams have so often come true…
Emmylou Harris, Alison Krauss, Gillian Welch – "Didn't Leave Nobody But the Baby"
A lullaby meets a field holler song on another oft-remembered track from O Brother, Where Art Thou? The disaffected tone of the speaker, in regards to the baby, the devil, all of the above, isn't horrifying per se, but the sing-songy melody coupled with the dark-tinged lyric are just unsettling enough, with the rote-like repetition further impressing the slightly spooky tone. It's objectively beautiful and aesthetic, but not… quite… right… Perhaps because any trio involving the devil would have to be not quite right?
AJ Lee & Blue Summit – "Monongah Mine"
Another mining tale, this one based on a true — and terrifying — story of the Monongah Mine disaster in 1907, which is often regarded as the most dangerous and devastating mine accident in this country's history. AJ Lee & Blue Summit bring a conviction to the song that might bely their originating in California, because they make this West Virginia tale their own.
Jake Blount – "Where Did You Sleep Last Night"
"In the Pines" is one of the most haunting lyrics in the bluegrass lexicon, but ethnomusicologist, researcher, and musician Jake Blount didn't source his version from bluegrass at all — but from Nirvana. That's just one facet of Blount's rendition, which effortlessly queers the original stanzas and adds a degree of disquieting patina that's often absent from more tired or well-traveled covers of the song. A reworking of a traditional track that leans into the moroseness underpinning it.
The Stanley Brothers – "Rank Stranger"
To close, we'll return to the Stanley Brothers for an often-covered, much-requested stalwart of the bluegrass canon that is deceptively terrifying on closer inspection. Just who are these rank strangers that the singer finds in their hometown? Where did they come from? Why do none of them know who this person or their people are? Why are none of these questions seemingly important to anyone? Even the singer himself seems less than surprised by finding an entire village of strangers where familiar faces used to be.
For a song so commonly sung, and typically in religious or gospel contexts or with overarchingly positive connotations, it's a literal nightmare scenario. Like a bluegrass Black Mirror episode without any sort of satisfying conclusion. What did they find? "I found they were all rank strangers to me." Great, so we're right back where we started. Spooky.
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Systemic immunomodulatory therapy may protect patients with COVID-19
By Cheryl Guttman Krader, BS, Pharm
Dermatology TimesDermatology Times, September 2020 (Vol. 41, No. 9)
Researchers at Mount Sinai Medical Center are investigating interactions between immunomodulatory treatments used to manage inflammatory skin diseases and the effects on patients with COVID-19.
Mount Sinai researchers aim to provide guidance using registry-based data
Whether immunomodulatory treatments used in the management of inflammatory skin diseases affect susceptibility to COVID-19 or its severity has been an important question for dermatologists and a concern for many patients. However, preliminary information from various published papers and clinical observations suggest that biologics and other systemic anti-inflammatory agents do not pose a safety risk in terms of increasing morbidity or mortality related to COVID-19. In fact, it appears that some medications may even have protective effects.
Through research she is leading at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York, Emma Guttman-Yassky, M.D., Ph.D., hopes to provide more definitive insight on this topic.
Early in the pandemic, Dr. Guttman-Yassky and colleagues created a registry to collect data on COVID-19 in patients with eczema and psoriasis who have moderate to severe disease and are candidates for systemic treatments with anticipated funding from Regeneron and Sanofi.
In July, she received a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on behalf of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease to support some laboratory analyses of immune responses in blood of patients with eczema who had developed COVID-19.
Dr. Guttman-Yassky is the Sol and Clara Kest Professor of Dermatology and vice chair of the department of dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. She tells Dermatology Times that with access to a large population of patients with inflammatory skin diseases on immunomodulatory treatment who became infected with COVID-19, her group is particularly well-positioned to investigate interactions between immunomodulatory treatment and the viral disease.
"The dermatology practices within the Mount Sinai Health System treat a huge number of patients with systemic medications for psoriasis and eczema. For example, we have more than 1,200 patients receiving dupilumab for moderate-to-severe eczema. Because New York City was an epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic for some time, many of our patients were also affected by the coronavirus infection," Dr. Guttman-Yassky explains.
"Considering our patient volume, we think our research will have sufficient power to identify associations if they exist and allow us to provide information that will be valuable for the entire dermatology community and our patients. Not only will it provide a foundation for developing a better treatment scheme for our patients with inflammatory skin diseases, but perhaps it may also suggest new approaches for treating COVID-19."
The two-year grant from the NIH is in addition to a seven-year grant Dr. Guttman-Yassky was awarded previously to study mechanisms underlying variations in eczema phenotypes. The new grant supports determination of immune responses in blood collected from patients on systemic immunomodulatory treatment for eczema who developed COVID-19 and to detect potential treatment-related differences in mounting immune responses.
The idea that systemic immunomodulatory treatments -- and some biologic medications in particular -- may protect patients from becoming severely or critically ill with COVID-19 is based on information that a hyperinflammatory response that is characterized by elevated levels of various cytokines drives severity of the viral infection.
"One hypothesis that we will be testing is that biologic agents that target some immune axes may be protective," Dr. Guttman-Yassky says.
Patients in the Mount Sinai dermatology registry are being asked to complete a questionnaire that identifies whether or not they developed COVID-19 or had exposure to anyone known to have the viral infection. Information on symptoms is gathered from patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 so they can be categorized based on severity. Data are also being collected on comorbidities that are considered risk factors for COVID-19, including asthma, age, hypertension, diabetes, and ethnicity.
"Asthma is common in many patients with eczema, and hypertension and diabetes are both common among adults who have eczema or psoriasis. In addition, ethnic populations, including African Americans and Latinos, are more affected by severe eczema and have a higher prevalence of asthma, diabetes, and hypertension," Dr. Guttman-Yassky said.
"Stratification of patients by COVID-19 risk factors will be important for investigating the effects of immunomodulatory treatments and differences in immunological responses to COVID-19."
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High Hospital House Staff Workload Associated with Worse Patient Outcomes
A heavier workload for hospital residents on patient admission days was associated with increased length of hospital stay, total costs and risk of inpatient death, according to a report in the January 8 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.
New duty-hour reduction requirements for house staffthe group of resident physicians at a hospital who are receiving additional training in a specialty under the supervision of an attending specialisthave led to substantial changes in residency team structures, according to background information in the article. Ideally, these changes would improve or have no effect on patient outcomessuch as death, readmission, length of stay and total costs. However, there are few studies that address these topics.
Michael Ong, MD, PhD, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues conducted a retrospective analysis to determine the association between house staff workload on a patients day of admission or on subsequent hospital days and patient outcomes. They analyzed data on 5,742 adults who were admitted to the General Medicine Service at the University of California, San Franciscos Moffitt-LongHospital between July 1, 1998, and June 30, 2001.
The authors found that two different measures of the hospital residents workload were significantly associated with patient outcomes. Each additional admission by a residency team increased the length of stay, total costs and risk of dying in the hospital for each patient who was admitted on that dayrisks that increased even more substantially when the team admitted more than nine patients. Our findings suggest that higher house staff workload on admitting dayswhen fewer backup resources are availableincreases resource use and may increase inpatient mortality, they write.
Conversely, a higher average team census was associated with reduced resource use, perhaps reflecting service-level adaptations to workload, they continue. Each additional patient that the residency team cared for during a patients hospitalization decreased the patients length of stay and total costs, with the most marked reductions occurring when the average census was more than 15 patients.
The authors suggest that in an era when hospital organizational structures are in considerable flux, further studies are required to prospectively determine the impact of house staff team workload and organization on patient outcomes.
Programs seeking to minimize total costs and lengths of stay may want to find ways to reduce team admission loads, while maximizing availability of other resources on non-admitting days, they write.
Balancing the clinical and economic outcomes with available resources and the educational impact of changes in the organization of house staff teams will be important tasks for training programs and teaching hospitals in coming years, they conclude.
Reference: Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:47-52.
Source: American Medical Association


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Recommended India's 'ladies only' train service
Anti-Muslim violence in western Myanmar
Kyaukphyu, Myanmar Minzayar
Updated 3 Oct 2013 18 images
A puppy sits by the remains of a dog thought to be its mother in a neighbourhood of Kyaukphyu, torched in a wave of sectarian violence between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Muslims in October. The clashes in western Myanmar left 89 people dead according to the official toll and led to the near-total expulsion of long-established Muslim populations from two townships.
27 Oct 2012 . Pauktaw, Myanmar. Reuters/Soe Zeya Tun
A dead body was left floating in the sea near a part of Rakhine State's Pauktaw township that was set aflame during the violence. The main target of the fighting, which has seen dozens killed and tens of thousands displaced, were Myanmar's population of 800,000 Rohingya, a mostly stateless Muslim minority in an overwhelmingly Buddhist country. Other Muslim communities were affected too, but Buddhists also lost their lives in the unrest.
This burnt mosque is just one of several destroyed in the recent violence, in addition to nearly 4,700 homes razed to the ground. A total of 36,394 people fled the clashes, the vast majority of whom were Muslims, according to official statistics. Many now live in camps, joining 75,000 mostly Rohingya Muslims displaced by similar violence in June. Others have set sail for Bangladesh, Thailand and Malaysia on rickety boats, two of which have reportedly capsized. As many as 150 people are believed drowned.
25 Oct 2012 . Kyuktaw, Myanmar. Reuters/Soe Zeya Tun
Some Rakhine Buddists also died in the violence, both in clashes with Muslims and when Myanmar security forces fired at them in an attempt to quell the unrest. This young Buddhist man was treated in hospital after being injured.
28 Oct 2012 . Sittwe, Myanmar. Reuters/Soe Zeya Tun
A girl displaced by recent violence cries after arriving at a refugee camp outside the Rakhine State capital of Sittwe. More than 97 percent of the more than 36,000 people who have been displaced by the fighting are Muslims, according to the official count.
A Muslim woman who fled recent violence in Pauktaw holds her crying child at an Owntaw refugee camp.
Refugees from the unrest reach for aid at a camp outside Sittwe.
Muslims displaced by recent violence in Pauktaw carry meat distributed at a camp.
Women comfort a weeping companion at a refugee camp for Muslims.
1 Nov 2012 . Sittwe, Myanmar. Reuters/Soe Zeya Tun
Displaced Muslim boys sleep in the open air at a camp.
Refugees carry their belongings as they arrive by boat to Thaechaung camp, outside Sittwe.
A young girl helps collect pieces of metal from the rubble of a neighbourhood in Pauktaw township that was burned down.
2 Nov 2012 . Paik Thay, Myanmar. Reuters/Soe Zeya Tun
During the unrest, 62-year-old Muslim Muhammad Amin was beaten with a metal pipe until his skull cracked.
6 Nov 2012 . Kyaukphyu, Myanmar. Reuters/Minzayar
Two girls ride a moped past a house that was burned during the violence.
A Muslim woman holds a baby at a refugee camp.
Muslim children collect water at a camp.
A little boy cries as his mother bathes him at a Muslim refugee camp.
10 Jun 2012 . SITTWE, Myanmar. REUTERS/Soe Zeya Tun
Rohingya Muslims run away from a fire that was started in part of Sittwe during earlier sectarian clashes that took place in Myanmar in June.
Witnesses tell of organised killings of Myanmar Muslims
On a hot Sunday night in a remote Myanmar village, Tun Naing punched his wife and unleashed hell.
She wanted rice for their three children. He said they couldn't afford it. Apartheid-like restrictions had prevented Muslims like Tun Naing from working for Buddhists here in Rakhine State along Myanmar's western border, costing the 38-year-old metalworker his job.
The couple screamed at each other. Tun Naing threw another punch. Neighbours joined in the row.
The commotion stirred up ethnic Rakhine Buddhists in the next village, who began shouting anti-Muslim slurs. Relations between the two communities were already so tense that six soldiers were stationed nearby. Tun Naing's village was soon besieged by hundreds of Rakhines. And Myanmar was plunged into a week of sectarian violence that by official count claimed 89 lives, its worst in decades.
The unrest exposes the dark side of Myanmar's historic opening: an unleashing of ethnic hatred that was suppressed during 49 years of military rule.
It is a crucial test for an 18-month-old reformist government in one of Asia's most ethnically diverse countries. Jailed dissidents have been released, a free election held and censorship lifted in a democratic transition so seamless that U.S. President Barack Obama is scheduled to make a congratulatory visit on November 19.
State media have largely absolved authorities of any role in the unrest that flared in late October, depicting it mostly as spontaneous eruptions of violence that often ended with Muslims burning their own homes.
But a Reuters investigation paints a more troubling picture: The wave of attacks was organised, central-government military sources told Reuters. They were led by Rakhine nationalists tied to a powerful political party in the state, incited by Buddhist monks, and, some witnesses said, abetted at times by local security forces.
A leader in the regional party, the Rakhine Nationalities Development Party, denied it had a role in organising the assaults but conceded the possible involvement of grass-roots supporters. "When the mob rises with very hot ethnic nationalism, it is very difficult to stop them," Oo Hla Saw told Reuters in an interview.
Two townships - Pauktaw and Kyaukphyu - saw the near-total expulsion of long-established Muslim populations, in what could amount to ethnic cleansing. One village saw a massacre of dozens of Muslims, among them 21 women.
Interviews with government officials, military and police, political leaders and dozens of Buddhists and Muslims across a vast conflict zone suggest Myanmar is entering a more violent phase of persecution of its 800,000 mostly stateless Rohingya, a Muslim minority in an overwhelmingly Buddhist country.
Rohingya have lived for generations in Rakhine State, but Rakhines and other Burmese view them as illegal immigrants from neighbouring Bangladesh who deserve neither rights nor sympathy.
October's attacks marked an acceleration of violence against the Rohingya. An earlier wave of unrest in June killed at least 80 people. Afterwards, the Rakhine State government imposed a policy of segregating Muslim communities from Buddhists across an area roughly the size of Switzerland.
More than 97 percent of the 36,394 people who have fled the latest violence are Muslims, according to official statistics. Many now live in camps, joining 75,000 mostly Rohingya displaced in June. Others have set sail for Bangladesh, Thailand and Malaysia on rickety boats, two of which have reportedly capsized, with as many as 150 people believed drowned.
There is no evidence to suggest the Buddhist-dominated national government endorsed the violence. But it appears to have anticipated trouble, stationing troops between Muslim and Buddhist villages a month ago, following rumours of attacks.
"This is racism," said Shwe Hle Maung, 43, chief of Paik Thay, where impoverished Muslim families cram into thatched homes without electricity. "The government can resolve this if it wants to in five minutes. But they are doing nothing."
As anti-Muslim violence raged, swathes of houses were burnt to the ground and people on both sides of the ethnic divide, but principally Muslims, lost their lives.
The last spasm of unrest took place at Kyauktaw, a town north of the state capital, Sittwe. At that point, the military shot into the crowd - and, for the first time, killed the Buddhists it had long been accused of siding with.
The shootings seemed to send a message to the mobs. The violence stopped that day. The senior police officer in Naypyitaw, the new capital of Myanmar, acknowledged that police were forced to fire at both Muslims and Rakhines in their attempts to subdue large crowds.
The official death toll from the October violence now stands at 89. The real toll could be higher. The extent of the killing remains unclear in Yin Thei village, where a massacre took place with an official death toll of five Rakhines and 51 Muslims killed, including 21 Muslim women, according to a senior police officer in Naypyitaw.
Reports persist that scores of Muslims fleeing Pauktaw drowned after Rakhines rammed their boat. Nearly 4,700 homes were destroyed in 42 villages.
In a statement on October 25, President Thein Sein warned that the "persons and organisations" behind the Rakhine State violence would be exposed and prosecuted. In Kyaukphyu, however, police have so far arrested only seven people - six of them for looting. In Mrauk-U township, where most killings occurred, only 14 people have been arrested, said a military intelligence officer.
The intelligence officer, who has direct knowledge of the state's security operations, identified the suspected ringleaders as Rakhine extremists with ties to the Rakhine Nationalities Development Party, or RNDP, which was set up to contest Myanmar's 2010 general election. He didn't name any suspects. Buddhist monks stoked the unrest with anti-Muslim rhetoric, he added.
RNDP Secretary-General Oo Hla Saw denied that his party organised any mobs. But he acknowledged the possible involvement of supporters, low-level officials and "moderate monks who become radical when they think about Muslims."
In some parts of the state, the mood is celebratory in the wake of the clashes. "This is the best time because there are no Muslims here," said Zaw Min Oo, a Rakhine shoe seller in Pauktaw township. Nearly 95 percent of a 20,000-strong Muslim community there is now gone.
(Additional reporting by Martin Petty and Reuters staff; Editing by Bill Tarrant, Michael Williams and Hannah Vinter)
Writing by Jason Szep, Andrew Marshall
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The 168th Australia Day Regatta, the world's oldest continuous sailing regatta, will be sailed on Sydney Harbour today to mark Australia's National Day.
Appropriately for a nation surrounded by sea and founded and developed by seafarers, the regatta is the focal point of celebrations originally held to mark the arrival of the First Fleet in Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788.
Modern and classic yachts and Sydney's famous 18-footers and historical replicas, will sail on Sydney Harbour while many of Australia's leading ocean racing yachts will race offshore to Botany Bay and return. There, they will round a buoy not far from where Captain James Cook first landed in 1770, and where the First Fleet initially anchored before sailing a few miles north to the more favourable Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour).
Returning to Sydney, the ocean racers, which include maxi yachts Nicorette, Brindabella and Grundig, will finish off Sydney's famous landmark, the Opera House.
Smaller craft, dinghies, skiffs, catamarans and small keel yachts will race on waterways along the New South Wales coast on Australia Day. In total, some 450 boats are expected to compete in races organised by the 168th Australia Day Regatta, headed by renowned yachtsman Sir James Hardy, a former America's Cup, Admiral's Cup, Olympic representative and World Champion sailor.
Australia Day 2004 on Sydney Harbour will be highlighted by the 168th Australia Day Regatta but there will also be a Surfboard Challenge, a Ferrython (a colourful race between highly decorated harbour ferries), a Tall Ships Race, Jazz on the Water and, above the Harbour, spectacular fly-pasts by FA-18 jet fighters, aerobatics and army parachute jumps in the harbour.


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L'Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa (en català: Acadèmia Gallega de la Llengua Portuguesa) és una institució científica i cultural de Galícia que atén els criteris històrics pels quals es regeixen les llengües europees.

L'Acadèmia és presidida pel professor Dr. Rudesindo Soutelo i es presenta com una continuació històrica de la idea d'unitat del gallec-portuguès defensada per Ernesto Guerra de Cal, Ricardo Carvalho Calero, Manuel Rodrigues Lapa i Lindley Cintra, qui el 1984 va incloure els dialectes gallecs com a part dels dialectes del portuguès europeu, en la Gramàtica que va editar juntament amb Celso Ferreira da Cunha. Va ser creada seguint la tradició de les acadèmies però, com una iniciativa de la societat civil, independent dels organismes polítics gallecs. L'Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa es defineix com una 'institució científica i cultural al servei del poble gallec' que pretén 'promoure l'estudi de la llengua de Galícia perquè el procés de la seva normalització i naturalització sigui congruent amb els usos que s'apliquen a la totalitat de la Lusofonia'.

Història
La idea de creació d'una acadèmia de caràcter lusòfon en Galícia va ser del professor Ricardo Carvalho Calero, però la proposta va ser defensada pel professor Montero Santalha en un article publicat en 1994 en la revista Temas do Ensino sota el títol A Lusofonia e a Língua Portuguesa da Galiza: Dificuldades do presente e tarefas para o futuro i, més recentment, en una intervenció en Bragança, en octubre de 2006, durant la celebració del V Col·loqui Anual de la Lusofonia titulada Um novo projecto: a Academia Galega da língua Portuguesa.

Amb l'ordre de fer efectiva aquesta proposta neix l'1 de desembre de 2007 l'Associação Pró-Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa en Compostel·la, integrada per diverses persones de diferents àmbits de defensa de la llengua i amb el suport d'organitzacions lusòfones com l'Associação de Amizade Galiza-Portugal, l'Associação Galega da Língua, l'Associação Sócio-Pedagógica Galego-Portuguesa i el Movimento Defesa da Língua.

El 7 d'abril de 2008 la Pró-Academia va participar en l'Assemblea de la República de Portugal en la Conferència Internacional/Audiència Parlamentària sobre l'acord ortogràfic de l'idioma portuguès per mitjà del seu president d'AGAL, Alexandre Banhos. Aquestes intervencions van tindre una gran repercussió en els mitjans de comunicació. Finalment, va ser constituïda el 20 de setembre de 2008 realitzant la seva sessió inaugural el 6 d'octubre de 2008.

Referències

Entitats de Galícia
Entitats reintegracionistes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The IDB honors Peruvian chef Gastón Acurio
The ambassador of Peruvian cuisine will deliver the Cátedra Enrique Iglesias of Culture and Development on May 21, 2019. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) announced today that the chef Gastón Acurio was recognized with the Cátedra Enrique V. Iglesias of Culture and Development. This award was created by the organization to distinguish those who have excelled in their work of promoting the progress of Latin America and the Caribbean through the arts and culture.
IDB launches Superheroes of Development contest to recognize executing agencies
Monday, March 4, 2019 - 18:41
In its second edition, the call for proposals will be open from March 4th to May 17th, 2019. The Superheroes of Development Award will recognize executing agencies of IDB-financed projects that have successfully addressed challenges during its implementation. The contest will identify eight finalists from across Latin America and the Caribbean who will travel to IDB's Headquarters in Washington, D.C. to present their solutions.
IDB releases its 2010 Development Effectiveness Report
Report evaluates Bank's efforts in measuring its development impact in Latin America and the Caribbean The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) has made strides to boost transparency, accountability and enhance the development impact of its investments in Latin America and the Caribbean, according to the new edition of the IDB's 2010 Development Effectiveness Overview.
IDB Annual Meeting concludes with countries vowing action on crisis
Tuesday, March 31, 2009 - 03:00
Governments approve kicking off process to review IDB capital levels. Seminars, dialogues, exhibitions and debates mark IDB's 50-year anniversary.MEDELLÍN, Colombia – For nearly a week ending today, this picturesque and thriving city transformed itself into the economic epicenter of Latin America and the Caribbean.
IDB Annual Meeting agenda highlights - March 30
Monday, March 30, 2009 - 03:00
Second and last day of official sessions of the Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank, at the Plaza Mayor Convention Center. Representatives of the 48 member-countries are discussing during the two-day meeting the economic situation of Latin America and the Caribbean and ways the IDB can increase support to the region. In the evening, after the closing session, a socio-cultural event with artist Carlinhos Brown will take place at the Metropolitan Theater. 9:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m.
IDB to start reviews for capital increases, boosting financing in short-term
MEDELLÍN, Colombia – The Board of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) today instructed the Bank's management to "start immediately" to review the need for an increase in its ordinary capital, which currently stands at $101 billion, and a replenishment of its concessional lending window, the Fund for Special Operations.
IDB meeting ends amid concern over global economic crisis
MEDELLÍN, Colombia – The Inter-American Development Bank today closed the 50th annual meeting of its Board of Governors, starting a review process for a capital increase in light of the challenges posed by the global economic crisis on Latin America and the Caribbean. The Board of Governors, the Bank's top policy-making body, brings together representatives from the 48 member countries of the IDB, the leading source of long-term lending for this region.
Sunday, March 29, 2009 - 03:00
Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank begins today. U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner and IDB President Luis Alberto Moreno will speak during the inaugural session. Representatives of the 48 member-countries will discuss during the two-day meeting the economic situation of Latin America and the Caribbean and ways the IDB can increase support to the region. 9:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m. Informal meeting of the Board of Governors. (This event is closed to the public) 2:00 p.m. – 2:30 p.m.
Prepared Statement by Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner at the Inter-American Development Bank's Annual Meeting of the Boards of Governors
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: March 29, 2009 CONTACT: Treasury Public Affairs (202) 622-2960 Medellin, Colombia -- President Moreno, ministers, ladies and gentlemen, I am delighted to be able to join you today. I would like to thank the Government of Colombia for hosting this important meeting in this historic city of Medellin. We meet at a critical time, for this hemisphere, for the global economy, and for the Inter-American Development Bank.
Nobel Prize winner Robert Merton decodes global financial crisis in IDB seminar
MEDELLIN, Colombia – Leading economists discussed today the global financial crisis and economic and social policies that may help Latin America and the Caribbean weather the turbulent times. Nobel Prize winner and Harvard Business School professor Robert Merton; Paul Collier, director for the Center for the Study of African Economies at the University of Oxford, and Juan Enríquez Cabot, an expert in the impact of biotechnology on the quality of life, expressed their points of view in a seminar moderated by Foreign Policy magazine editor Moisés Naim.


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Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Miech, R. A., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2015). Monitoring the Future national results on drug use: 1975-2015: Overview, Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.
"Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Health Effects, Research Needs and Recommended Actions by Regulators. WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (TobReg)." World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland. 16 Sept. 2005.
Edmunds, Simon. "Anti-Smoking Group Use Tinder for Campaign." GlobalDatingInsights.com. 30 Apr. 2014. Web.
"Cigarette Use Globally." The Tobacco Atlas. 2015. Web.
"Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008." CDC. 13 Nov. 2009: 58(44).
"The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Smoking-Attributable Morbidity, Mortality, and Economic Costs. 2014. Report.
"Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation --- United States, 2008." CDC. Atlanta, GA. 58(44). 13 Nov. 2009: 1227-1232. Web.
"The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Smoking-Attributable Morbidity, Mortality, and Economic Costs, 2014. Report.
Tobacco kills about 30 times more people than murder.
"Surgeon General's Report. The Health Conquences of Smoking." CDC. Other Effects. 777, 779. Web.


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Due process and reasonableness the real winners in Djokovic saga
In one of the most highly publicised administrative law cases in recent history, Novak Djokovic's case in the Australian Federal Circuit Court shines a light on the important but often overlooked role of judicial review in the Australian legal system, and the power of procedural fairness and reasonableness in overturning government decisions.
In this article, Alistair Bridges (Senior Associate and Accredited Administrative Law Specialist) and Emily Jennings (Senior Associate), put aside the politics and public opinion to look at whether the legal issues at play in the Djokovic case could influence 'procedural fairness' and 'unreasonableness' arguments in future judicial review matters.
From tennis court to courtroom
Like many countries, Australian law provides mechanisms for decisions made by governments to be openly challenged in court. A rich body of administrative law (both legislation and case law) has developed in Australia to provide some checks to the exercise of executive power. Administrative law does not usually attract much public attention, but it is an important pillar of our legal landscape.
At the heart of any judicial review, and indeed the central issue in the Djokovic case, is whether the government has made a decision 'according to law'. The question for the court is whether or not the government has strayed beyond the powers afforded to them under law (e.g. as set out in legislation) in making the challenged decision.
Seems simple? In true legal fashion, what this means in real life will vary depending on the circumstances and can often become the subject of intense debate and disagreement.
The starting point is always the words in the legislation being applied. But as anyone who has studied statutory interpretation will tell you, even the best-drafted legislation can end up being ambiguous and uncertain, paving the way for an inevitable legal joust.
In the Djokovic case, this is exactly what happened. A decision was made under s 116 of the Migration Act 1958 which allows the Minister to cancel a visa if satisfied that one of the listed reasons for cancellation applies. Here, the Minister claimed to be satisfied that Djokovic (paraphrasing the legislation) '…may be, or would or might be, a risk to… the health… of the Australian community…'. This was on the basis of his non-vaccinated status, and despite his claim that he had a valid medical exemption. Unsurprisingly, given the commercial and reputational stakes involved, Djokovic sought a review of this decision in the Federal Circuit Court.
Unwritten rules of government decision making
Like a good tennis rally, there were a myriad of technical arguments exchanged as to whether the cancellation was allowed under the legislation, whether based on misinterpretation, or some other wrong step in terms of the legislation.
Ultimately, however, the outcome achieved was not because of the success of the government or Djokovic on any of those technical legal arguments. Important questions about the relationship between the Migration Act 1958, the Biosecurity Act 2015 and the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) Guidelines in enforcing border entry requirements were not answered.
Instead, Djokovic succeeded by convincing the government to admit that the cancellation decision was unreasonable because of the actions of Australian Border Force in making a decision earlier than had been agreed with him, and before he could speak with his representatives. Without getting too legal in our explanation, the government's concession did not expressly include anything about there being a breach of procedural fairness. But reading between the lines, the unreasonableness in how the decision was made could have also amounted to a breach of procedural fairness. This was something that was strongly argued for by Djokovic's lawyers.
Procedural fairness is an unsung hero of Australian administrative law. It is based on the very simple idea that government decisions must be made fairly. Philosophically, you might think of this as the legal equivalent of Australia's well-known predilection to give everyone a 'fair go'. A person should know the critical issues to be addressed in any decision-making process that affects them and should be given a fair opportunity to respond to those issues before a decision is made.
The current judicial philosophy is that procedural fairness is an 'implied' condition in legislation, meaning that it applies even if not expressly stated. What is required to ensure fairness will vary depending on the context of the legislation that is being applied... which is another fine example of the law leaving things open to interpretation.
Similarly, 'unreasonableness' is based on the fairly unextraordinary expectation that a government decision maker will exercise a discretion reasonably. When will a discretion not be exercised reasonably? When the decision is unreasonable of course.
For a long time, the bar to prove a decision was unreasonable was set very high. The test was whether the decision made was 'so unreasonable that a reasonable authority could not have come to it'.
In 2013 the High Court reframed the test and lowered the threshold. In Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v Li [2013] HCA 18, Hayne, Kiefel and Bell JJ acknowledged that '[t]he legislature is taken to intend that a discretionary power, statutorily conferred, will be exercised reasonably'. In more simple terms, the question of what is reasonable in any given decision will be informed by the scope, purpose, and real object of the statute. Again, more room for interpretation.
Making decisions is not child's play
The idea that government decisions should be made fairly and reasonably seems so obvious that it should go without saying. Nonetheless, it is common to find government decisions that have not been made with due consideration for the rights of the citizen to make submissions, or to otherwise defend his or her interests.
Government decision makers are busy people, and frequently find themselves under great pressure from departmental superiors and their political masters to ensure that broad-based policy goals are achieved in their administration of a particular statute. In these circumstances, due regard for the interests of the individual can go missing, not through vindictiveness or any ulterior motives of the officials involved, but simply because of 'the machinery of government'. And the decision makers are rarely lawyers themselves and may have to make decisions without the benefit of immediate legal advice.
Thus, there is often good reason for a decision to be set aside, because someone has not been afforded procedural fairness or the decision is unreasonable in the circumstances.
Djokovic won the set, but who will win the match?
In arguing against Djokovic's case, it became clear to the government that the timeline of events in making the cancellation decision was going to be difficult to defend. Djokovic was told he had until 8:30am to respond to the government's questions, but the government sought his responses at 6:14am and then made the visa cancellation decision at 7.42am without hearing further from Djokovic. In essence, the government faulted on its first serve.
But events continue to unfold. A win on fairness and reasonableness does not guarantee an overall win. The decision can still be made or re-made, in the same or a different way, provided that is done lawfully and within the bounds of reasonableness and procedural fairness. The Migration Act 1958 is complex, and the Minister has multiple powers to cancel a visa. One thing we can be sure of is that the government will now do its best to decide what to do next, if anything, 'by the book'. To use yet another tennis analogy, the government will definitely not 'rush the net'.
Fairness and reasonableness are paramount
The Djokovic case is not ground-breaking. Indeed, the parties entered into consent orders, and the court did not make any judgment on the substantive issues.
This preliminary outcome, and how it was reached, reminds the public, and indeed the government, that no matter how 'justified' or 'appropriate' a decision may be according the words of the relevant legislation, the obligations to be reasonable and to afford procedural fairness are paramount in arriving at the decision. These principles are the foundation of good decision making and will rightly be enforced and upheld, regardless of the consequences.
This memo presents an overview and commentary of the subject matter. It is not provided in the context of a solicitor-client relationship and no duty of care is assumed or accepted. It does not constitute legal advice.
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Alistair Bridges
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Emily Jennings
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