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S1 E4 | FULL EPISODE
Black Spaces
Stephanie Johnson-Cunningham illuminates how museum professionals are pushing boundaries to respond to the big issues of our time. In this episode, we explore how Black spaces and history are on display at Weeksville Heritage Center and Black Gotham Experience.
AIRED: May 13, 2020 | 0:12:59
Johnson-Cunningham: Talking very specifically
about Black Spaces
allows us to get a better understanding
of the historical narrative
and why gentrification has been problematic
for black and brown communities.
Fields: The historic site is a site of memory.
Then memory helps build identity.
Identity builds community.
Community and institution building
is really a form of resistance.
Revolution is not necessarily a white male American concept.
Hi, my name is Stephanie Johnson-Cunningham
and we are discussing Black Spaces today "On Display."
Even though we don't define spaces as white,
black, or brown, the spaces that we live in America
unfortunately are not race neutral.
Weeksville Heritage Center is a historic site
here in Brooklyn, New York.
It used to be a bustling neighborhood created by,
and for, black people who needed a space of their own.
It's one of the first known free black communities
here in Brooklyn, here in New York City,
and also throughout the country.
Fields: Weeksville is important
because it was a site of black self-determination
and a place of refuge for black people.
And when it was formed in 1838,
James Weeks and a group of other black investors
purchased land from the Lefferts family,
the idea was to have a space
where black people could just live their lives to the fullest
and in search of the American dream,
just like other Americans.
They were creating a community,
a place where they could live, grow, and achieve.
Black people weren't invited to own homes everywhere.
That still happens today.
So Weeksville provided a space for black people to own homes
and to own businesses, and, during that time,
it was especially important because land ownership for men
meant that you could also vote.
A historic site is a site of memory.
That memory helps build identity,
identify builds community.
So much of what we tend to learn about black history is
sort of a catalog of overcoming wrongs
that have been done to black people in this country,
and that's all valid history and it should be known.
Weeksville is the flip side of that --
it is a story of self-sufficiency
and self-determination and entrepreneurship.
The fact that we have these houses,
and we're sitting in one of the houses right now,
just shows you that, in fact, black people were here,
they had an idea and a vision of the future.
You know, that these institutions and this community
would carry forward their memories.
And all the while they're here, you have some great firsts.
You have the first black woman to be principal
in a New York City public school, Sarah Garnet.
You have the first black female doctor
in New York State, Susan Smith McKinney Steward,
and Weeks was not unique in that regard.
You know, there were these black towns
all over the country, well, you know, again,
where black people were trying to live
and prosper and just thrive.
Black Spaces provide people
not an opportunity for isolation,
but again, insulation,
where they are able to grow and develop
and to be confident and to have spaces that they feel welcome,
that they feel is their own,
that they feel safe and that they feel
is a reflection of who they are as well.
And we know that every group wants that.
Every group craves that, and so we see there are needs
for spaces for LGBTQ communities.
There needs to be spaces for women, black people.
We need spaces for brown people, because we are not a part
of the white cisgender men narrative and culture.
By 1930, Weeksville ceases to exist,
and it wasn't until 1968 where these houses were rediscovered
and that started this community-wide
and effort to save these houses
and prove that they had historic value.
Johnson-Cunningham: So now there's another side of Weeksville,
and so how does the visitor center
and the new educational building
kind of speak to the vision and history of Weeksville?
What the visitor and education center does
is it gives us space to convene.
Where you not only get to learn the history
and convene to discuss issues,
you know, everything from how to deal with your student debt,
to black maternal, you know, mortality rates
and what could be done about that,
to food justice, to reparations.
But you can also just come and celebrate and just be black.
In an evolving Brooklyn, things can get lost,
and so it's important that we have this site that is,
again, a site of memory here that people can come to
and know that there's real black history here.
Weeksville was actually one of
the first places that I interned,
and that space is really important to me
and this summer that just passed, 2019,
they almost closed their doors for good.
I remember how that almost crushed me,
to see this institution that meant so much to me
and had so much of my history there,
that was going to be closed.
These are challenges that are not,
you know, unique to Weeksville, you know?
There's been many reports about
sort of the disparities and investment
by the philanthropic community to institutions of color.
What we see now, the shrinking of Black Spaces
throughout the country, speaks to that issue.
And I think so important for us to,
you know, send the call out to everyone that we know
so that people can contribute in a real way,
so that we're not waiting for some sort of savior,
but we can save ourselves.
Right, and I think that the important, you know,
sort of message for people is there are many incredible
black and brown institutions out there.
Find the institution you care about
and give them money because they need it.
Growing up, honestly, seeing the neighborhood change
right in front of my eyes has been traumatizing,
and having no control is really troubling.
We know that our communities have been targeted,
have been impoverished,
have been left behind and ignored for many, many years.
Are black people owed reparations?
Absolutely, 100%.
The history is here to show you that America became a superpower
because it had free labor.
So, the justice claim that black people have,
is with the United States government.
That's fair, and when we see that there is money
that can be appropriated for all kinds of things,
and it could be done if there were the will
and I believe there is a growing sense of,
like, how do we make right what is, you know,
in a lot of ways been baked into this country, you know?
So, like, when you think about the inequities,
the school and prison pipeline,
you know, the incarceration rates,
you know, you think about housing.
The conversation's moving in the right direction.
Major presidential candidates are talking about...
How it can be done. ...the need for reparations
and how do we address centuries long inequities,
you know, in what is supposed to be the greatest country
in the world. Right.
Talking very specifically about Black Spaces
The Black Gotham Experience re-imagines
the spaces directly impacted by the African diaspora,
as human stories explore through interactive walks,
talks, events, and art.
Ware: The Black Gotham Experience is situated now
as a media company.
We started by doing walking tours
and highlighting the black diaspora
in New York City,
that you can't tell which streets,
street names or monuments or memorials.
New York City has a lot of deep history
embedded in the transatlantic slave trade
that has been redacted for over 100 years.
And so to have a psychic sense of where you are,
and how those patterns set in the past affect you now,
like before we discuss justification
and the 99% verse the 1%,
those systems come from an operating system
that go back to the 1600s.
There's a reason why New York City
has one of the most segregated school systems in the country.
It has one of the biggest wealth gaps.
That's right. Mm-hmm.
So, I think it's important to know where you are,
because it affects real people.
You can walk around New York now
and find statues and street names
after people who were either founding fathers
or fought in the American Revolution,
but there is people of African descent
that were early uprisers to the British,
but they weren't all white men fighting over money.
They're often a pregnant black woman
fighting over her child, fighting over her soul.
But that person is unknown to most New Yorkers
and the built environment doesn't show that story.
So, part of what we do, by coming to Maiden Lane
and discussing that rebellion and celebrate the fact
that the first people to grab a rifle
and fight the un-winnable war was not white men
that owned enslaved people who were mad about their taxes.
It was Africans upset about being enslaved.
Some people just kind of think that the Harlem Renaissance
is ground zero for black culture
and black culture investment into the city.
And part of what I'm looking at teasing out
is that's just not supported by the facts.
If you look at the creation of New York in 1664,
before there was a New York,
there already was an African neighborhood.
So, landownership is a bedrock of power,
which is why black people have continually
had efforts to take away the ground on which we stand,
even right now. Right.
Even if we think about Central Park right now,
before Central Park, it was Seneca Village,
where it was a thriving black community.
And so that community was removed
because they wanted to create Central Park.
Even in the Bronx, large highways
are built through those communities,
through eminent domain.
You can't take black people out of the American story
and have anything left.
There are certain stories that need to be
highlighted more than others.
Now's the moment to just be in tune
with celebrating those redacted narratives,
and so I think that the work that we're doing,
we have found ways to make sure we're investing into the culture
and into the community.
Everybody's welcome, but the content are topics
that black folks should be talking about,
like discussions about black masculinity,
about entrepreneurship, about travel.
These are conversations that give people opportunity
to be amongst a room that might not be all black,
but you're talking about these topics
and the panel are often people of African descent.
Ta-Nehisi Coates said it recently,
he said that we aren't going to see full equality
until people start seeing us as full human.
And so it's really important that we have the opportunity
to create our own narratives and to create our own industries,
to create our own growth in business and economics,
so that we are seen as just as powerful
as any other group as well.
Fields: Because you need the inspiration of the past
if you're going to build a bright future.
Let's take that inspiration and go out
and do some good in the world.
STREAM ON DISPLAY ON
More Episodes (4)
Cultural leaders Kamau Ware, Rob Fields and Brett Banks discuss Black spaces
How 2 New York City museums are amplifying immigrant stories
Video Clips (1)
On Display: Preview
On Display aims to illuminate the ways in which museum professionals, cultural workers and artists are expanding their approach and pushing boundaries through narratives, programs, and exhibitions to boldly respond to current issues. Host Stephanie Johnson-Cunningham takes on these dialogues and addresses the critical ways museums help shape, define and preserve today for the future.


A 2015 study commissioned by the USPS Office of Inspector General found that "91 percent of customers chose to receive their bills by mail." Even among Millennials, the digitally native generation, a whopping 89 percent opted for printed and mailed statements.
This is good news for a lot of printers. But those of us who make our bread and butter on mailed communications had better bolster not only the quality of our mailing data, but also the proper fielding of that data.
Reason number one: your printed impression may wind up in a dead pile of undeliverables. Number two: you may lose track of your clientele. And number three: you may be imposed with a monetary fine by the USPS.
That's right, the Postal Service is cracking down on mailing performance with a grading system that intends to minimize the lost revenue caused by undeliverable mail and misdirected pallets.
One of the many tactics Bacompt has employed to meet these standards is setting our data lists to optimal National Change of Address (NCOA) captures. However, we also understand that the improper fielding (or formatting) of data can render NCOA useless. For instance, any mailpiece that displays an individual's name in the address field will cause NCOA to fail. Mail never arrives at the intended recipient, the quality of your customer database is compromised, and you lose profits on wasted postage and unwanted fines.
Data quality and formatting is just the tip of the iceberg. For more information than you ever wanted to know about postal compliance, check out the USPS Guide to the Mailer Scorecard.
Or, we could help you figure it out. Contact us today.


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text:
Village Punta Cana Condo
Punta Cana |
US$900 /mo
Family Oriented! Long term rentals Popular Location!
Cozy and comfortable one bedroom condo located in the Punta Cana Village, available for rent.
Maintenance and Water
All additional services such as electricity, internet and cable.
About Punta Cana Resort & Club
Punta Cana Resort & Club is home to the Caribbean's ultimate beach and golfing experience, with 3 miles of magnificent white sand beaches and 45 holes of championship golf, set on 15,000 acres of land. Accessibility, via our very own Punta Cana International Airport (PUJ), privacy, unparalleled personal service, the understated elegance and timeless vision of Oscar de la Renta, which defines the uniquely Dominican experience of staying at Puntacana Resort & Club, makes it a favorite among international leaders and world renowned personalities.
About Punta Cana Village:
Punta Cana Village is a charming closed community located right by the Punta Cana Resort & Club and just a two-minute drive from the Punta Cana International Airport. It covers an area of 3.4 million square meters and is currently home to 750 families, or approximately 2,500 people. The community consists mainly of tourism sector executives, business entrepreneurs, property developers and young families looking for a family-oriented concept in their community and a bit far away from the hectic tourism atmosphere of the Punta Cana life. The Village is divided into four phases, each with its particular features, ranging from single-family villas, clusters of townhouses with a children's play areas, baseball and soccer fields, gym, swimming pool, residential buildings, and clusters of single-family villas. It also includes an area earmarked for professional buildings, including the country's main banks, law firm offices, and tour operators.
The future phases for development are already set out in the master plan that includes an executive golf course, a social club with all the sports facilities, including tennis, basketball and volleyball courts, and a semi-Olympic swimming pool.
Punta Cana Village has a variety of beautiful shops and restaurants. Galerías Punta Cana contains nationally and internationally famous stores, including supermarket, Wendy's. It also features a wide range of commercial establishments, adult and children's clothing stores, decoration and events stores, restaurants, bars, an ice cream parlor, a laundry, a car hire center, beauty parlor, veterinary clinic, pharmacy, clinical laboratory, art gallery, educational center, children's playground, health center, banks, and more.
Punta Cana Resort & Club is home to the Caribbean's ultimate beach and golfing experience, with 3 miles of magnificent white sand beaches and 45 holes of championship golf, set on 15,000 acres of land. Accessibility, via our very own Punta Cana International Airport (PUJ), privacy, unparalleled personal service, the understated elegance and timeless vision of Oscar de la Renta, which defines the uniquely Dominican experience of staying at Puntacana Resort & Club, makes it a favorite among international leaders and world renowned personalities.
50 years ago, Puntacana was envisioned by Frank Rainieri as the ultimate beach and golfing experience in Dominican Republic, and he got it right. With 3 miles of magnificent white sand beaches, 45 holes of championship golf – making it a golf mecca set on 15,000 acres of land.
Cozy Village Townhouse
Village Villa
Gated Community!
PC Village Villa
Village Penthouse

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you start thinking about how to boost your credit score, you are on the right track to improve your overall financial health. Moving into the world of credit can be a confusing time for younger people. The benefits of having a good credit rating are to be largely found later in life. If you are looking to take out a loan, buy a house or even start a business, a good credit score can have a big effect on your life.
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It can be tempting to take out a number of credit cards, but having too many can start to hurt your credit score. If you have many low balances over a few cards, think about paying them off and concentrating on only one or two. This will be much more manageable in general, as you will have fewer payments to think about and your score will rise. Credit ratings favor responsible and regular people who are not too frivolous with their spending.
When we first get a credit card, we don't often think about the long-term effects of our credit scores. The shine of a first credit card is an exciting thing, but it does not last.
Taking these few steps to achieving a better credit score will help you plan for the future.


text:
Q: if condition doesn't work but else condition works When I run the following code in a python console, it works as expected. However, when I run it in oree, only the else condition is taken into consideration. So even if the conditions are fulfilled, I only get results with the values 3.85 and 0.1 (and not 2 or 1.6).
for k in range(1,11):
    locals()['choice' + str(k)] = random.randint(0,1)
    locals()['resultHL' + str(k)] = []
win = []

for i in range(1, 11):
    choice = 0
    exec(f'choice+=choice{i}')
    rnum = random.random()
    probability = i / 10
    if rnum <= probability:
        win.append(1)
        if choice == 1:
            exec(f'resultHL{i} = 2')
        else:
            exec(f'resultHL{i} = 3.85')
    else:
        win.append(0)
        if choice == 1:
            exec(f'resultHL{i} = 1.6')
        else:
            exec(f'resultHL{i} = 0.1')

I have to make the variables a particular way because of the syntax in oTree.
class Player(BasePlayer):
    number_entered = models.FloatField(min=0, max=100)
    result_risk = models.FloatField()
    win_risk = models.BooleanField()
    for k in range(1,11):
        locals()['choice' + str(k)] = make_booleanfield()
        locals()['probHL' + str(k)] = models.FloatField()
        locals()['winHL' + str (k)] = models.BooleanField()
        locals()['resultHL' + str(k)] = models.FloatField()
    del k

def make_booleanfield():
    return models.BooleanField(
        choices=[[True,'A'],[False,'B'],],
        widget=widgets.RadioSelectHorizontal,
    )

class ResultsHL(Page):
    @staticmethod
    def vars_for_template(player: Player):
        for i in range(1, 11):
            choice = 0
            exec(f'choice+=player.choice{i}')
            rnum = random.random()
            probability = i / 10
            exec(f'player.probHL{i}=probability')
            if rnum <= probability:
                exec(f'player.winHL{i}=1')
                if choice == 1:
                    exec(f'player.resultHL{i} = C.A_win')
                else:
                    exec(f'player.resultHL{i} = C.B_win')
            else:
                exec(f'player.winHL{i}=0')
                if choice == 1:
                    exec(f'player.resultHL{i} = C.A_lose')
                else:
                    exec(f'player.resultHL{i} = C.B_lose')

A: The locals()/exec() stuff probably has a scoping bug -- rather than trying to debug it, I suggest just using dicts or lists.  Here's an example using three lists instead of 20 ints and one list, with a stub Player class to sort of mimic your use case:
import random

class Player:
    def __init__(self):
        self.result = 0.0

choices = [random.randint(0, 1) for _ in range(10)]
players = [Player() for _ in range(10)]
wins = [int(random.random() <= i / 10) for i in range(1, 11)]

for player, choice, win in zip(players, choices, wins):
    if win:
        if choice:
            player.result = 2
        else:
            player.result = 3.85
    else:
        if choice:
            player.result = 1.6
        else:
            player.result = 0.1

print([player.result for player in players])

prints (e.g.):
[1.6, 0.1, 1.6, 0.1, 1.6, 0.1, 2, 3.85, 0.1, 2]

I might also suggest trimming down the if/else stuff by using a table:
results = (
    (2.00, 3.85),  # win
    (1.60, 0.10),  # loss
)

for player, choice, win in zip(players, choices, wins):
    player.result = results[win][choice]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sailing Techniques
Our Sailing Magazines
Yachts and Yachting
World Sailing rejects latest Finn class appeal for 2024 Olympics
Yachts Yachting
The International Finn Association delegation to the 2019 World Sailing Annual Conference in Bermuda has returned empty handed. The eight submissions to reinstate the Finn in the slate for the 2024 Olympic Games were rejected by both the committees and the Council.
The IFA is disappointed that it did not get the support of the World Sailing Council to debate and vote on its submissions. The submissions were very complex but that was necessary because of the complex World Sailing processes.
This complexity allowed people that didn't support the Finn within World Sailing to influence the process and spread disinformation. All of this may have been resolved through the new governance reforms so it is disappointing that this was also rejected.
However, despite the rejections, the Finn class did receive a lot of advice and support from board members, councillors and committee members throughout the week, though unfortunately that support did not translate into votes around the table. What the Finn delegation did take from away the conference was that there is hope for a return, even if not at the current juncture. The overwhelming response from other delegates was that the Finn was an essential element of the Olympic Games and many hoped that it would return.
British sailor Hector Simpson made a heartfelt plea to the Equipment and Events Committee, speaking on behalf of the Finn Class submissions. As one of the many young Finn hopefuls that have lost their hope of sailing at the Olympics, he made a passionate and emotional case that struck a chord with many in the room. The Finn Class would like to thank him, as well as, Hungarian Finn sailor Doma Nemeth, for their time and energy over the past week.
The Finn Class looks forward to continue working with World Sailing as an Olympic Class over the coming months to make sure the 2020 Olympic Games is a huge success that showcases sailing and the Finn's amazing athletes to the full.
World Sailing has a lot of questions to answer after this week's conference and the class will carefully watch what happens next to find any opportunity it can to create opportunities for Finn sailors to compete at the 2024 Olympics.
(Via International Finn Association)
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text:
International Journal of Morphology
Int. J. Morphol. vol.33 no.3 Temuco set. 2015
Int. J. Morphol., 33(3):1038-1044, 2015.
Mandibular Foramen Location and Lingula Height in Dentate Dry Mandibles, and its Relationship With Cephalic Index
Localización del Foramen Mandibular y Altura de la Língula Mandibular en Mandíbulas Dentadas Secas, y su Relación con el Índice Cefálico
Atson Carlos de Souza Fernandes*; Raquel Pimentel Loureiro**; Leonardo Oliveira** & Márcio de Moraes***
* Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
* * Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Bahia, Brazil.
*** Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Correspondence to:
SUMMARY: The mandibular foramen and its lingula is a major landmark when administering anesthetic or performing surgical procedures. The objective of this study was to determine whether the topological features of the mandibular foramen (MF) and lingula varied in mandibles from skulls of different cephalic indexes. The location of the mandibular foramen referred to the longitudinal borders of the mandibular ramus (MR), height of the foramen (Hf) referred to the occlusal line of the second molar, and the height of the lingula (Hl) were determined in a total of one hundred and five dry mandibles from skulls identified as dolicho- meso- and brachycephalic. On average MF in brachycephalic mandibles was closest to the anterior border of MR. Hf in brachy-, meso- and dolichocephalic mandibles were -0.22 mm, -4.04 mm and -4,01mm, respectively. The lingula in brachycephalic specimens was considerably shorter (0.78 mm) than in dolichocephalic ones (1.84 mm). Inferior alveolar nerve block should be carried out using shorter needles, inserting it 4mm above the occlusion level of the molar teeth. The ramus of brachicephalic mandibles were significantly less wide those of dolicho- and mesocephalic ones. If the height of the lingula is to be used as a reference to judge the level of the medial horizontal cut to carry out sagittal split ramus osteotomy, special attention should be given to the patient's cephalic index.
KEY WORDS: Lingula; Mandibular foramen; Cephalic index.
RESUMEN: El foramen mandibular y la língula son los puntos anatómicos más importantes a considerar en la administración de anestesia troncular o la realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos en la mandíbula. El objeivo fue determinar si las características topológicas del foramen mandibular (FM) y la língula mandibular presentan variaciones en las mandíbulas de cráneos con diferentes índices cefálicos. Fueron utilizados 105 mandíbulas secas, pertenecientes a cráneos identificados como dolico, meso y braquicéfalos. En cada caso, se relacionaron la ubicación del FM con los márgenes longitudinales de la rama mandibular (RM) y la altura del foramen (Af) con la línea oclusal del segundo molar. Además, se determinó la altura de la língula (Al). En promedio, el FM de mandíbulas braquicefálicas se encontró más cerca del margen anterior de la RM. La Af en mandíbulas braqui, meso y dolicocéfalas fue de -0,22 mm, -4,04 mm y -4,01 mm, respectivamente. La língula mandibular en muestras braquicefálicas, fue considerablemente más corta (0,78 mm) que en las dolicocéfalas (1,84 mm). El bloqueo del nervio alveolar inferior debe llevarse a cabo usando agujas cortas, insertándolas 4 mm por encima del nivel de oclusión de los dientes molares. La rama de las mandíbulas braquicefálicas fueron significativamente menos anchas que en cráneos dolico y mesocefálicos. Si la altura de la língula mandibular se utilizará como referencia para determinar el nivel del corte medial horizontal para realizar la osteotomía sagital de la rama mandibular, se debe dar especial atención al índice cefálico del paciente.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Língula mandibular; Foramen mandibular; Índice cefálico.
Mandibular foramen and lingula of the mandible are important anatomic landmarks described in textbooks and scientific papers as reference for surgical and anesthetic procedures (Monazzi et al., 2012; Carvalho et al., 2003). Those anatomic structures are of clinical significance for the maxillofacial surgeon because of their relation to the inferior alveolar nerve (Jansisyanont et al., 2009; Kositbowornchai et al., 2007; Tuli et al., 2000; Cillo & Stella, 2005; Balcioglu et al., 2010).
Studies on the location of the mandibular foramen (MF) provide the practitioner with improved awareness of MF location, thus, lowering the risk of having the inferior alveolar nerve injured, as well as improving the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (Nicholson, 1985; Daw et al., 1999; Valente et al., 2012; da Fontoura et al., 2002).
The lingula of the mandible is a tongue-shaped bone projection on the medial aspect of the ramus, which lies in close proximity to the anterior margin of the mandibular foramen (Monazzi et al.; Jansisyanont et al.; Kim et al., 1997). Lingula has been an important landmark to perform the sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), the most widely used surgical technique for correction of mandible positioning. On SSRO, the horizontal cut on the medial aspect of the mandible is done just above to the lingual (Cillo & Stella; Tom et al., 1997).
However, it is important to note that the level at which the lingula is found varies among individuals and can even differ from side to side in a same person. Such variation implies a certain risk of injuring the inferior alveolar nerve (Jansisyanont et al.; Kositbowornchai et al.; Fernandes et al., 2009). Furthermore, few are the studies focusing more carefully on the anatomic structures related to the area where SSRO of the mandibular ramus is performed (Balcioglu et al.).
Craniofacial measurements is a scientific study that aims to better understand the complex anatomical standards of head and face (Golalipour et al., 2007; Shah & Jadhav, 2004). Measurements taken on many cephalic aspects have been linked to the cephalic index as a means of characterizing repetitive patterns of anatomical occurrences. Viewed as the most important dimensional relation of cephalic measurements the cephalic index  the ratio of the maximum width of the head to its maximum length, multiplied by 100  classifies the shape of the human head into dolichocephalic, mesocephlic brachicephlic and hyperbrachycephalic, ranging from the longest to the shortest (Williams et al., 1995; Iwaki et al., 2011).
The aim of the current study was to topographically determine the anatomical location of the mandibular foramen and respective lingula in dry human mandibles and to establish whether it bears a relationship with cephalic index of the respective crania.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
This study received the approval of the institutional ethics committee of the Fundação Bahiana para Desenvolvimento das Ciências, Bahia,Brazil (CAAE N. 17099213.5.0000.5544) and was performed on 105 cadaveric dentate dry hemi-mandibles, from both male and female adult South American humans obtained from the Bahia State University, São Paulo Federal University and Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health.
The hemi-mandibles studied were from dolichocephalic (n= 35), brachycephalic (n= 35) and mesocephalic (n= 35) heads, all free from macroscopic abnormalities and having, at least, a steady, well-formed, not-decayed and orthodontically well-positioned second molar.
Anatomic Landmarks. In this study, the mandibular foramen and lingula were characterized by point F, the lowest point of the margin of the foramen, and point T, the tip of the lingula.
The bone landmarks used to describe the topological situation of the mandibular foramen were: the lowest point of the mandibular incisure (I); the higher point of the inferior margin of the mandibular ramus (B); the most posterior point on the anterior margin of the mandibular ramus (A); the most anterior point on the posterior margin of the mandibular ramus (P).
With the lateral aspect of each hemi-mandible lying on a flat, horizontal surface, and a digital camera positioned 15 mm above aiming at the medial aspect of the ramus, a picture was taken with the posterior margin of the ramus vertically positioned as referred to the image on focus. The angles obtained on this photographic composition are similar to that observed when the mouth is open.
Reference points I, B, A and P were firstly determined on the images taken using computer software. Points I and B were established by tangency with a horizontal straight line, whereas tangency with a vertical one defined points A and P (Fig. 1)
Morphometric analysis. All measurements were performed directly on each hemi-mandible having as additional guide the respective, prior graphical predeterminations of the study topological references. All the measurements were carried out in millimeters by the same investigator using a digital caliper (Mitutoyo  Mycal Absolute  500 series  500-144 B).
The vertical distances from F, FI and F-B, and the horizontal ones, FA and FP, were determined and used to establish the height and width of the mandibular ramus by adding FI to FB, and FA to FP.
The height of the lingula (Hl) was defined as the distance between its tip point (T) and the point where the upper margin of the lingula merges into the continuous medial aspect of the ramus (Z), according to (Fernandes et al.).
Another topological association studied was that between the level of the occlusal surface of the second molar and the level of point F referred to as height of point F (Hf). Before taking Hf directly on study specimens, the predetermination of reference points were performed on the digital picture of each hemi-mandible. Using computer software a vertical line through point F was drawn. Intersecting this line, a second one running just above the occlusion surface of the second molar was drawn. The intersection of these 2 lines determined point M and the distance between points M and F was defined as Hf, which was recorded as positive if M lied below F, and negative otherwise excepting M and F at the same level, in which case Hf was zero (Fig. 1).
Statistical Analysis. Distances were grouped according to the cephalic indexes and analyzed for differences using parametric one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Confirmation of differences was carried out using Tukey's honestly significant differences (THSD) test.
Level of statistical significance was set at 0.05 and analyses were performed in R statistical package version 3.1.0 (2013), R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2013, http://www.R-project.org).
Fig. 1. Medial view of the mandibular ramus. By displacing the vertical continuous red line, the most posterior (A) and anterior (P) point on the mandibular ramus were determined. Likewise, by displacing the horizontal continuous red line, the lowest point of the mandibular incisures (I), and he highest point of the inferior mandibular base (B) were determined. The tip of the lingual (T), the most inferior point of the mandibular foramen (F), and the reference point (M) used to indicate the height of the mandibular foramen. M was determined as the intersection of the red continuous line marking out the second molar occlusal plane and the vertical dotted line going through point F.
ANOVA F-test showed no statistically significant difference in the height of mandibular ramus, determined as the addition of the measures FI and FB when comparing different cephalic indexes. Brachycephalic mandibles, however, were less wide, as determined by the addition of measures FA and FP, than meso- or dolicephalic ones (Table I).
Both ANOVA F- and THSD test showed that the mandibular foramen (point F) was closer to the anterior margin of the ramus (point A) in brachycephalic mandibles as compared with meso- and dolicho cephalic ones (Table II).
Likewise, brachycephalic mandibles showed their mandibular foramen lying at a higher level as compared with meso- and dolichocephalic specimens with mean determinations of Hf in brachy-, meso- and dolicephalic mandibles of -0.22 mm, -4.04 mm and -4.01 mm, respectively (Table III and Fig. 2).
The mean height of the lingula (Hl) in doli-, meso- and brachycephalic study hemi-mandibles were 1.84 mm, 1.3 mm and 0.78 mm, respectively, with THSD test showing statistically significant larger mean value of Hl in dolicephalic specimens as compared with bradycephalic ones (Table IV and Fig. 3).
Regardless of their cephalic index classification, minimum, mean and maximum measurements of Hf and Hl obtained in this study's sample were {-9.96 mm; -2.87 mm; and +3.92 mm} and {0.00 mm; 1.31 mm; and 5.66 mm}, respectively (Table V).
Table I. Comparison of height and width of the ramus according to cephalic index.
Table II. Comparison of foramen location on the
medial aspect of ramus according to cephalic index.
Table III. Height of the mandibular foramen (Hf) according to cephalic index.
Fig. 2. Dot plot graphic showing the height of
mandibular foramen according cephalic index specimen.
Table IV. Height of the lingula (Hl) according to cephalic index.
Fig. 3. Dot plot graphic showing the height
of the lingula according cephalic index specimen.
Table V. Height of the mandibular foramen (Hf)
and lingula (Hl) without considering cephalic index.
The relation that the mandibular foramen bears to the inferior alveolar nerve makes this foramen a major feature when administering anesthetics or performing surgical procedures.
Situated at the centre of the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus, inferiorly and posteriorly to the lingula, the mandibular foramen shows no differences regarding shape, size and location when comparing its features on the left and right side of the mandible (Iwaki et al.; Valente et al.; Ennes & Medeiros, 2009; Martone et al., 1993).
Previous studies on dry mandibles have reported mean values of the distance of the mandibular foramen to the anterior margin of the ramus as 17.67 mm (Monnazzi et al.), 20.70 mm (Kositbowornchai et al.), 14.6 mm  for both sides (Ennes & Medeiros), 17.63 mm  for right side and 18.45 mm  for left side (Carvalho et al.), 16.94 mm  for right side and 17.32 mm  for left side (Valente et al.), 17.65 mm  for right side and 18.04 mm  for left side (Reis et al., 1997). The present investigation, in turn, studied the distance of the foramen reference point F from point A on the anterior margin of the ramus (FA) associating it with the cephalic index and found mean values of 18.70 mm, 18.50 mm and 17.09 mm in doli-, meso- and brachycephalic specimens, respectively, with brachycephalic measurements bearing statistical significance as smaller than doli- and mesocefalic ones (Table II).
Judging by the distances of the mandibular foramen from the anterior margin of the ramus, it is not advisable performing anesthetic nerve block using needles about 35 mm long for they can potentially perforate the parotid gland injuring it and at the same time fail to produce the desired anesthetic effect. Nerve block should be carried out using shorter needles (about 25 mm long) instead. Similar remark was made by Ennes & Medeiros.
The mean measurements of the distance of the mandibular foramen at point F to the posterior margin of the ramus (FP) were 13.70 mm, 13.32 mm and 13.35 mm in dolicho-, meso- and brachycephalic specimens, respectively. These rates were similar to those found previously by other researchers: I) 12.1 mm and 12.3 mm, by Ennes & Medeiros; II) 14.24 mm and 14.03 mm, by Valente et al.; and III) 11.81 mm and 11.41, by Iwaki et al.; for the right and left sides, respectively; and IV) 14.35 mm by Monnazzi et al. Smaller mean rates were found by Fontoura et al.; with 10.04 mm, and Reis et al.; with 10.47 mm and 10.14 mm, for the right and left sides, respectively.
The analysis of the distances of point F from the references on the anterior and posterior margins of the mandibular ramus FA and FP, respectively, shows that, in the sample of the present study, the mandibular foramen lies about 3 mm further two thirds of the ramus width (31.55 mm in average) from the anterior towards the posterior margin at the level of points A and P.
Vertically, the mandibular foramen is located in the middle third of the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus. Our mean FI measurements in dolicho- meso- and brachycephalic specimens were 23.56 mm, 23.68 mm and 24.48 mm, respectively. Previous authors reported similar values, Kositbowornchai et al.: 24.54 mm, Valente et al.: 24.12 mm and 23.65 mm for the right left side, Monnazzi et al.: 21.89 mm, and Ennes & Medeiros: 24.3 mm and 24.4 mm for the right and left side. On the other hand, Carvalho et al., and Fontoura et al., reported considerably smaller rates of 16.08 mm and 15.8 mm, respectively.
Regarding height and width of the mandibular ramus, the findings of the current study were similar to those by Fontoura et al., with 49.4 mm and 31.03 mm, and Ennes & Medeiros: with 46.6 mm and 26.8 mm, and 46.8 mm and 26.1 mm, for the right and left sides, respectively. The statistical analysis of our findings, however, evidenced that the ramus of brachicephalic hemi-mandibles were significantly less wide those of dolicho- and mesocephalic ones (Table I).
Anatomical landmarks that indicate the location of the mandibular foramen are highly important for carrying out the block of the inferior alveolar nerve. However, the level of the mandibular foramen presents many variations according the authors: Hwang et al. (1990): 4.16 mm above the occlusal plane; Nicholson: 75% below surface of the molar teeth and 22% at the same level; Afsar et al. (1998): the same level of molar teeth; Mbajiorgu (2000): 47.1% the same level of the occlusal plane, 29.4% above and 23.5% below the occlusal plane; Monnazzi et al.: 0.02 mm below of the alveolar bone margin plane; Jansisyanont et al.: 4.5 mm above the occlusal plane.
The present study determined that point F, our topological reference of the mandibular foramen, lied 0.22 mm, 4.01 mm and 4.02 mm below the occlusal surface of the second molar, in brachy, dolicho and mesocephalic study hemi-mandibles, respectively, thus showing that in brachycephalic specimens, point F was found at a higher level (Fig. 2). Based on this finding, inserting the needle 4 mm above the occlusion level of the molar is enough to go through the pterygomandibular space without difficulty in order to perform the inferior alveolar nerve block.
The lingula is generally a sharp tongue-shaped bony projection located on the internal surface of the mandibular ramus to which the sphenomandibular ligament is attached. Many variations in the shape of the lingula, however, have been described (Jansisyanont et al.; Kositbowornchai et al.; Tuli et al.; Varma & Sameer, 2013; Lopes et al., 2010).
The sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) of the ramus of the mandible is commonly performed in the surgical correction of dentofacial deformities (Tsuji et al., 2005). SSRO normally requires a horizontal osteotomy in the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus, which most frequently is performed above the mandibular foramen and at a level below that where both buccal and lingual cortical bone layers merge. The distinct feature of the lingula on the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus, makes it a very convenient landmark for referring the level of cortical merge (Smith et al., 1991), for example, reports that the fusion of both cortical structures occurs 7.5 to 13.3 mm above the lingula.
The height of the lingula has also been the focus of many studies. Its average measurement has been reported as 8.2 mm regardless of the side (Jansisyanont et al.), 8.7 mm and 8.2 mm for the right and left side respectively (Viravudth & Plakornkul, 1989) and 8.6 mm and 9.1 mm for the right and left side, respectively (Nicholson). The present study has determined the height of the lingula as 1.84 mm, 1.30 mm and 0.78 mm in dolycho-, meso- and brachycephalic hemi-mandibles. The evident discrepancy in values between previous and present reporting is due to the fact that previous researchers referred the height of the lingula to the lower margin of the mandibular foramen whereas the present investigators referred it to the point at which the lingula merges into the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus. This point was referred to as point Z in a previous study by Fernandes et al.
The design of the present study evidenced that if the height of the lingula is to be used as a reference to judge the level of the medial horizontal cut to carry out SSRO, special attention should be given to the patient's cephalic index, as the present findings show that in average measurements of the height of the lingula in brachycephalic head can be less than the half of that in dolichocephalic ones.
The authors gratefully thank Associate Professor Dr. Luis Garcia Alonso, Department of Morphological Sciences, São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP).
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Atson Carlos de Souza Fernandes
Departamento de Ciências da vida (DCV)
Rua Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula
CEP: 41.195.001
Salvador, Bahia
Email: atsonfernandes@uneb.br
atsonfernandes@yahoo.com.br
Received: 15-01-2015
Accepted: 17-07-2015
Tel.: (56-45) 232 5571
ijmorpho@ufrontera.cl


SOLD ITALIAN WW2 CARCANO MODEL 38 CARBINE IN 6.5 CALIBER…….FNA BRESCIA LATE 1942……MATCHING & MINT….DOCUMENTED VET BRINGBACK!
In mint matching condition we have a late 1942 production FNA Brescia manufactured Italian Army WW2 issued Carcano Model 38 Carbine in 6.5 Carcano Caliber. The really neat thing about this piece is that there is a copy of the original capture papers still with it, a private in the engineers brought it back with a bunch of other war loot, including a soap dish and other junk. This manufacturer continued to use the early style rear sight unlike the other makers that used the fixed rudimentary rear sight. These little carbines were ubiquitously carried by all sides in the Mediterranean Theater of operations and are easily recognized by the very distinctive folding bayonet. You will see photos of Tito's partisans carrying them and you will see them in the hands of most any of the combatants. They are sort of like a bolt action version of an M1 carbine, just a handy little weapon. This is a great example of the iconic Italian WW2 carbine with a story to tell. Comes with original ammo as well.


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On December 20, 1988, seven months before REM's first issue was launched and following investigations at several Canadian real estate boards, CREA and what was then known as the Anti-competition Bureau signed a Prohibition Order. The order was a mandatory code of conduct that prohibited CREA's members and real estate boards from engaging in anticompetitive behaviour.
The bureau said the investigations had uncovered attempts to standardize commission rates and splits and found unreasonable restrictions on advertising and unwarranted requirements for real estate board membership. The order remained in place for 10 years.
The bureau was also busy looking into other aspects of the real estate industry. In May 1992, REM reported a win for CREA and the Winnipeg Real Estate Board. They had been charged over the board's "principal occupation" rule, which required that the board's members work as full-time salespeople. The case was dismissed by the Federal Court of Appeal, based on the fact that board bylaws were originally established under a charter from the province.
"There's definitely some jubilation that someone has won one against the Anti-competition Bureau, which seems to be singling out our industry of late," Rob Fraser, president of the British Columbia Real Estate association, told REM.
WinnipegRealtors voted to eliminate the principal occupation rule in 2018, on the advice of their legal counsel.
In the spring of 1994, REM reported that two real estate firms in Calgary were found to have discriminated against Elite Real Estate, an independent Calgary discount firm that offered three per cent listings and was not a member of the Calgary Real Estate Board. Elite taped phone conversations with the brokers and used them as evidence that the firms would not do business with them because they offered lower commissions.
In November 1998, REM reported that the Competition Bureau was discontinuing a 2 1/2-year-old investigation of several Regina brokerages who were members of the Association of Regina Realtors (ARR). Again, a non-member firm alleged that it was being discriminated against, and a local real estate publication said it was being boycotted by ARR members. The bureau determined that the allegations were not substantiated, but it "still had concerns about an association rule that restricted members from sharing MLS information with non-members," REM reported.
Harry Chandler, then bureau director, told CREA's national conference that he hoped organized real estate could create a voluntary code of conduct for the industry, to avoid future legal skirmishes with the bureau.
But the bureau continued to insist that CREA's MLS access rules were anti-competitive and more charges were imminent until the fall of 2010, when CREA's membership ratified the new Consent Agreement.
"The bureau's focal point was 'mere postings', because they felt that the rules prevented the entry of innovative and competitive business models into the business, or their ability to remain in the business," CREA president Georges Pahud told REM in a December 2010 story. He said CREA decided to sign the agreement for two reasons: the huge cost of litigation and the fact that working on the file was taking up a great deal of time for all the board committees and staff, as well as local and provincial associations. "We needed to get past this dispute," he said.
Then in August 2011, the Competition Bureau filed an amended complaint to the Competition Tribunal, stating that the Toronto Real Estate Board's virtual office website policy "would continue to thwart the development of new, innovative and efficient methods of providing real estate brokerage services using the internet."
The Competition Tribunal ultimately agreed and after years of legal wrangling, TREB ran out of options when the Supreme Court of Canada declined to hear its appeal in August 2018.
The MLS
The MLS, always the lifeblood of organized real estate, has also been a constant newsmaker in REM's pages. In the June 1990 issue, the headline was Ontario-wide MLS gains support.
In the spring of 1999, REM reported on an initiative launched by the real estate boards of Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal. The Montreal board withdrew its partnership from the project that fall.
"As envisioned by TREB and the Greater Vancouver Real Estate Board (GVREB), TV‑MLS will be the next generation of MLS technology, owned and operated by a new company, to be set up by TREB and GVREB," REM reported in January 2000. "MLS.ca may become the consumer portal for TV‑MLS, and other boards may become investors in the new company, or simply become customers of the new national, single MLS system that TV‑MLS proposes to create. TREB, GVREB, other boards across the country and CREA still have to work out those details and others, such as the issue of not‑for‑profit boards becoming involved in what is expected to be a for‑profit company."
But all was not well with the relationship between organized real estate and Canada's largest real estate firms, who did not want to see real estate boards setting up for-profit companies. The July 2001 issue of REM featured a photo of the Industry Leaders Group, with representatives from Royal LePage, Re/Max Ontario-Atlantic Canada, Re/Max of Western Canada, Century 21 Canada, Coldwell Banker Canada and Prudential Real Estate Affiliates of Canada. They met with REM to promote a list of 12 demands they had for organized real estate.
These included a reduction in membership costs, increased efficiencies and the implementation of a truly national MLS system. They said they were seriously thinking about forming their own MLS system, but wanted to work with the boards and associations. "We're competitors in this room, but we're more in line with our thinking about what has to happen than organized real estate is," said Century 21 president Don Lawby.
REM's March 1990 issue included the headline Royal LePage may dump MLS. The story quoted president and CEO George Cormack, who was unhappy that TREB would not allow Royal LePage to access MLS listings for its own national computer network system.
In the next issue, Royal LePage assured REM that the development of a proprietary listing service would not exclude the use of MLS systems and was not intended to be a replacement for MLS.
REM has always offered a place for members to express their views about how they are being represented by the three levels of organized real estate. This hasn't always made us popular with the associations.
The amalgamation of real estate boards and provincial associations has already happened in Nova Scotia and will take place soon in Saskatchewan. Over the years several boards have threatened to cut ties with their provincial and federal counterparts, including the boards in Vancouver and Quebec. In December 1994, TREB needed a small housekeeping change to its bylaws to ensure it could transfer membership fees to CREA and OREA. That turned into a full-scale discussion about pulling out of the two organizations, but ultimately the board decided to stay in the family.
An October 1992 REM story, Unhappy real estate board members demand accountability, outlined how boards across the country were struggling to meet the needs of both one-person brokerages and large offices with many agents. It also discussed how boards were trying to increase communication with members and attract new volunteers to serve on committees.
"The people I talk to in my travels, if they're complaining about local boards or associations, nine times out of 10 they have very limited knowledge of what that board or association even does for them," said Tom Bosley, a CREA and OREA past-president. "And that's unfortunate, because we really do a hell of a lot."
"Auctions, discount brokerages and buyer brokerages are among the hottest real estate trends of the '90s," REM reported in its May 1992 issue.
Back in the September 1990 edition, Don Williams of Re/Max Realty Properties in Mississauga, Ont. made a series of predictions for the real estate market. At the time, the market was slow across the country.
He predicted that "an aggressive American company is going to step up its activities and eventually replace Royal LePage as the No. 2 real estate company in Canada. By the end of the decade both Montreal Trust and Canada Trust will disappear from the real estate scene. Several franchises will also go bankrupt and several more mergers will take place in the industry.
"When the real estate market improves, a greater percentage of homeowners will be selling privately. The growth industry of the '90s will be those companies that assist vendors (for a flat fee) to sell their homes privately," wrote Williams.
He also predicted tighter government regulations for the industry, and "the hard sell will disappear and be replaced by technical knowledge and counselling skills.
"Real estate as we know it will have changed dramatically by the end of the '90s and I believe that 80 per cent of the top people in the industry will be women."
In his February 2009 humour column, Dan St. Yves predicted: "Interest rates will go up. Or down. Maybe both. Maybe neither. Maybe this predicting thing isn't as easy as it looks."
About once a month, REM receives a news release about a product or service that promises to forever change the way real estate is bought and sold. Some of them probably will.
Lindsay Buziak
There are many other topics REM has covered that continue to this day. The saddest one is about Victoria sales rep Lindsay Buziak, 24, who was murdered while showing a home on Feb. 2, 2008. No arrests have been made. Lindsay's father Jeff has worked hard over the years to keep public attention focused on the case and recently he appeared on the Dr. Phil show in the U.S. We hope REM will some day be able to report on justice for Lindsay.
Canadian Real Estate Association
Century 21 Canada
Coldwell Banker Canada
Competition Bureau
Don Lawby
FINTRAC
For-Sale-By-Owner
George Cormack
Georges Pahud
Greater Vancouver Real Estate Board
Harry Chandler
Industry Leaders Group
MLS.ca
Multiple Listing Service
Prudential Real Estate Affiliates of Canada
Re/Max Integra
Re/Max of Western Canada
Re/Max Ontario-Atlantic Canada
Rob Fraser
The Commissioner of Competition v. The Toronto Real Estate Board
WinnipegRealtors
Jim Adair
Jim Adair is the Managing Editor of REM Real Estate Magazine. Contact Jim by email.
Please keep all comments respectful. Comments are moderated, and we will remove any that go beyond a fair discussion and into offensive or needlessly inflammatory commentary. Do not include external links. Comments with links will be automatically deleted. If you're unsure why your comment was not published, feel free to contact us directly.
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The Canadian dollar has been under pressure against the U.S. dollar on growing concerns about the impact low oil prices and an oil glut will have on the broader economy. There are also mounting concerns about the broader Canadian economy stalling while the U.S. economy continues to show signs of sustainable growth.
From May 2015 to January 2016, the Canadian dollar fell 18% versus the U.S. dollar, from around $0.83 to $0.68—the lowest level since 2003. The loonie tumbled on growing concerns about the broader economy and lower oil and gas prices.
That said, the Canadian dollar rallied over recent months as fears about a global recession eased and oil prices climbed. From the middle of January to early May, the Canadian dollar climbed 18%, hitting a high of around $0.80, with some analysts calling for the Canadian dollar to top $0.85 versus the U.S. dollar.
But that didn't happen. While stable, the loonie has stalled at around $0.77 versus the greenback. Solid economic data out of the U.S. and less than encouraging data out of Canada has been putting pressure on the loonie.
Canadian wholesale trade rose just 0.1% in April, far less than the expected 0.5% increase.1 This was just the latest sign that the Canadian economy remains weak. And it isn't expected to rebound until at least the third quarter.
This also raises concerns about the second quarter. For the Canadian dollar to rebound against the U.S dollar, there needs to be growth. But where is that growth going to come from? Oil prices are hovering around $50 per barrel, but will that be enough?
Keep in mind, a rising CAD to USD exchange rate is not good for the Canadian economy. If the loonie rises against the U.S. dollar, Canadian exports to the U.S. become more expensive. And the U.S. is Canada's biggest trading partner.
As the Canadian economy continues to follow in the shadows of the U.S. economy, the Bank of Canada may continue to keep interest rates near record-low levels, or even lower them further. This will lower the value of the Canadian dollar even further.
At the same time, the U.S. Federal Reserve has made it clear that a hike in interest rates is coming. This raises the value of the U.S. dollar. A weak Canadian economy, strengthening U.S. economy, and falling commodity prices will drive the Canadian-to-U.S.-dollar exchange rate lower.
Trading currencies makes up the largest financial market in the world. Where the New York Stock Exchange trades daily volume of around $51.6 billion, the global foreign exchange market trades more than $5 trillion.
Trading currencies is a lot like trading stocks: the more you understand, the better your chances will be of developing a profitable trading strategy. As the leading (and oldest) provider of stock market trading courses in Canada, Learn-To-Trade.com will teach you currency-trading strategies and how to profit from the volatility of the global markets.
To learn more about Learn-To-Trade.com's forex trading course, call us at 416-510-5560 or e-mail us at info@learn-to-trade.com.
"Wholesale Trade, April 2016," statscan.gc.ca, June 20, 2016; https://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/160620/dq160620a-eng.htm.
"Canada's First-Quarter Growth Falls Short of Expectations," wsj.com, May 31, 2016; https://www.wsj.com/articles/canada-gdp-expands-2-4-in-first-quarter-on-exports-1464699627.
"OECD Economy Survey, United States June 2016," oecd.org, June 2016; https://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/United-States-2016-overview.pdf.


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DJ HVAD
Psychic TV releasing their PTV3-era catalog digitally, playing two-night celebration at Tr…
Psychic TV are releasing their entire PTV3 catalog of albums and singles digitally through "the usual outlets" on January 22. Included with this is a new mixtape titled Fishscales Falling: A Smogasbord Ov Delights featuring live recordings, demos, outtakes and new material from 2003 t…
Mykki Blanco shares spoken word videos, playing a free NYC show; Le1f playing POP Montreal…
Mykki Blanco recently announced that he'd no longer be rapping, but that doesn't mean he's not performing at all. Not long ago, he gave a spoken word performance called Baby Steps: How to heal yourself from everyday Psychic Poisons or Repentance for Dummies, and uploaded video along w…
What's going on Friday? (Swervedriver, Title Fight, Patti Smith, JSBX, The Get Up Kids, Sa…
You can browse our full NYC show calendar for all of tonight's shows, but here are some highlights...
Swervedriver, Gateway Drugs @ Music Hall of Williamsburg
Arguably the heaviest, most rocking of the original UK shoegaze acts, Swervedriver returned this year with their first new album since the…
SXSW 2015 2nd round of artists announced
The Cribs at MHOW in 2012 (more by Guy Eppel)
A ton of artists were already announced for SXSW 2015 (March 17-22), and now the second artist announcement has come with several more including Twin Shadow, The Cribs, Swervedriver, Gang of Four, KEN mode, Weyes Blood, Wild Throne, Elvis Depressedly, SUR…


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Audi announces long-term partnership with new wheel manufacturer
The German company and wheel manufacturer Cromodora have entered into a long-term cooperation agreement that lasts until 2030.
With the new agreement, Cromodora will build a new wheel factory in Eastern Europe exclusively for Audi and the Volkswagen Group. The production, which is scheduled to begin in 2023, will be cost-effective, on the one hand, sustainable and resource-efficient, on the other. Audi guarantees Cromodora wheel purchases over a period of time.
The new Greenfield site gives partners the ability to create sustainable processes from the start. Since the end of 2018, Audi's environmental program has been aiming to reduce emissions in the supply chain in collaboration with its partners. Therefore, at the seminars, Cromodora and Audi already exchange ideas on measures to achieve their goals. The goal is to use environmentally friendly energy sources, recycled materials, minimize the consumption of fresh water and take other effective measures to reduce environmental impact.
It is equally important for both partners to make production very profitable. Therefore, Audi and Cromodora agreed on a transparent, optimized cost structure. The risk is shared between partners, for example, in case of rising cost of raw materials. In addition, the new plant will meet the high quality standards and standards of Audi's premium manufacturer, the press release said.
"Thanks to our strategic partnership with Cromodora, we are creating a new form of relationship that benefits both parties," said Bernd Martens, a member of the board of directors responsible for procurement and information technology. "The new plant is also an example of our ability to operate economically and at the same time sustainably."
Tesla Model 3 has become a little smarter
Kia and Hyundai invest 100 million euros more than electric vehicles


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London Green secures £5m from GRE for west London site purchase
Andreea Dulgheru | 13:59 Friday 24th September 2021 | 2
GRE Finance has provided a £5m loan to London Green to fund the acquisition of a 0.8-acre development site in a west London regeneration zone.
The facility was provided at 70% LTV on an 18-month term.
The Mitre Wharf site in west London's borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, which is situated within a large regeneration project area managed by the Old Oak and Park Royal Development Corporation (OPDC), comprises a multi-let open storage facility and a 1,743 sq ft warehouse.
It also benefits from an allocation within OPDC's draft local plan for over 100 homes and 420 square metres of commercial space.
London Green will be seeking planning permission that will contribute to the OPDC's 25,500 new homes target for the area and bring further uplift alongside HS2 and Crossrail.
High-street lenders slammed for not having the systems to understand the risk profiles of modular
Mixed-use development in King's Cross lands £126m green finance deal
Key Land Capital gets green light for West Midlands development
Daniel Benton, director and co-founder of GRE Finance, said: "Development of the OPDC area is estimated to provide a £15bn economic boost for London over the next 30 years.
"Scrubs Lane has been identified as a key area for the early delivery of new homes, making this site a fantastic development opportunity.
"We were delighted to help fund this acquisition for London Green, whom I believe will create and deliver a scheme that will transform this site into a thriving waterside community."
James Tregoning, managing director at London Green, commented: "This purchase is central to our core strategy of securing underutilised brownfield development sites and demonstrates our ability to swiftly acquire unconsented and complex sites.
"GRE had a strong understanding of our goals and the development cycle, and we are delighted to have completed on our first purchase with them, supported by our debt adviser, Mantra Capital.
"We are excited to start working with all major stakeholders to bring a vibrant new community to this exceptional waterside location."


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Branch team: Heritage Bank Castle Hill branch team of (from left) Kujhit Kodali, Anna Campbell, Damon Baker, Kathleen Arnell, Corey Warwick and Asher Li. Featured
01 December 2019	Posted by editor
EXPANDING HERITAGE HEADS FOR THE HILLS
Qld based bank opens in Western Sydney
A QUEENSLAND-based bank has chosen Castle Hill as the spot to open its first interstate branch.
Heritage Bank is Australia's largest customer-owned bank, established in 1875 and with a 58-strong branch network in Queensland.
Heritage extended its network outside Queensland for the first time when it opened a branch in the Castle Towers Shopping Centre in October.
CEO Peter Lock said Heritage had taken the historic decision to choose Castle Hill for its first interstate branch after extensive research on numerous options.
"Castle Hill is a wonderful area that fits Heritage perfectly and we're absolutely delighted to become part of the community," Mr Lock said
"Heritage is a customer-owned bank that is renowned for providing outstanding value and service to its customers.
"Our ethos is people first, so we're different to other banks, because we focus on the best interests of our customers rather than making massive profits.
"Unlike other banks we're opening branches rather than closing them, because we know how much people value being able to come in and talk to someone face-to-face.
"We've chosen Castle Hill for our first branch outside Queensland because it's an area with great community spirit, a strong economy, and the kind of people who can really benefit from the products and services we have to offer."
Sydney Hills Business Chamber Chairperson Nigel Rayner welcomed Heritage to the region.
"We are proud to have Heritage Bank, Australia's biggest customer-owned bank, selecting The Hills to open its first branch outside of Queensland and becoming a member of the Sydney Hills Business Chamber. This move clearly shows a vote of confidence in the ongoing growth of the economy within The Hills and Western Sydney," Mr Rayner said.
"Having Heritage Bank establish a bricks-and-mortar branch located within The Hills will provide easy personal access for local business owners and residents to face-to-face financial resources, advice and support.
"We look forward to Heritage Bank becoming entrenched in the community within The Hills and being an active member and supporter within the Sydney Hills Business Chamber."
Mayor of The Hills Shire, Dr Michelle Byrne, also welcomed Heritage.
"Our Council is a big supporter of local business. It's great to see a new business opening here in The Hills, and providing quality financial jobs for residents who choose to work locally," she said.
"The Hills Shire Council has some of the lowest council business rates in the state and will continue to support local business."
Heritage's Castle Hill branch design includes a number of features that are unique.
Inside the branch is a "Community Wall" which allows community organisations to promote local events on a customised interactive map.
There is also a Life Events wall an interactive touch screen that helps people identify the banking products and services best suited to those big financial decisions we need to make in our lives.
The Life Events identifies seven major life events, like buying a first car, refurbishing for a growing a family, or retiring. Customers can then look up the products Heritage offers for people at their stage of life.
Heritage Bank will celebrate its Castle Hill launch with special offers for new customers.
These include the opportunity for people to get their hands on a limited-edition HOVA – a wearable payment band that was the first in Australia to link directly to the user's transaction account.
The HOVA is like having a credit card in your wrist, allowing you to pay for purchases from your transaction account simply by swiping your wrist over a payment terminal.
The Heritage Bank Castle Hill Branch is located at Shop 263A in the Castle Towers Shopping Centre.
More in this category: « NEW VISION FOR SYDNEY HILLS


Have 266 users subscribed this manga!
TL's description: Long Ao Tian. Yuan Ding, an otaku, was transported to another world. After taking Shuo Yue Academy's entrance exam, Yuan Ding's life in another world begins, aiming to collect the Demon Spirits said to exist in the legends. A lighthearted, comedy and harem manhua.


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Lead Lustre Cut Top Flat Bottom Gallery
"Cut Top Flat Bottom" does not represent a Lead lustre decor, but rather a different method of production.
Lead Lustre pieces were blown into paste moulds (a cast iron mold that is lined with wetted cork or sawdust so that when the molten glass is blown into it there is a steam cushion created between the glass and the iron). This allows the glass to be rotated while it is blown, resulting in a piece that has no mould lines or seems.
This describes regular Lead Lustre production and culminates when the still hot pieces are "stuck up" by their bottoms on a metal rod for final shaping, finishing and, once separated from the metal rod, grinding down of the rough area where it was connected to the bottom of the piece - producing a pontil mark. The rim was also finished at this time.
While the "Cut Top Flat Bottom" pieces were also blown into a mould, they were not "stuck up" and have a flat bottom without a pontil mark. Additionally the tops were simply cut off, not finished like regular production.
See the difference in bottoms:
These pieces are all cased (two layers of glass), as are most regular production pieces, and have typical Lead Lustre & Free Hand decors, but with different color combinations. The most frequently found shape for these pieces is "Shape #771", from Imperial's Lustre Iridescent Ware line (illustrated by the "balloons" vase at the top of this page).
Cut Tops
Return to Lead Lustre Decors


JARRYD MCGUANE THE ADVOCATE Basketball Tasmania has announced the state teams for the 2019 Under 20 and Ivor Burge National Championships at the Basketball Australia's Centre of Excellence in Canberra.
The under 20 men will be looking to improve on a seventh place finish in 2018 and have named 10-man squad for the event.
Wynyard's Tre Armstrong is the sole North-West player remaining from last year's squad, joining Hobart's Lochie Boucher, Launceston's Troy Schaeche and Morgan Lockwood and Glenorchy's Jack Stanwix.
Wynyard's Kobe Jackson and Smithton's Ryan Nibbs have also been selected in the squad, with Southern Wolves' Jacob Richards, Launceston's Bradley Templar and Glenorchy's Liam Smith rounding out the squad.
The under 20 men will be coached by Nathan Brereton, with Samuel Youd as his assistant.
The Tasmanian Ivor Burge men's team will be chasing a gold medal match berth after claiming two consecutive bronze medals.
Todd Adams, Joshua Cleary, Andrew Dunlop, Nicholas Heames, Jeremiah Lowe, Dylan Pace, Colin Roney, Bruce Stanley and Nathan West make up the squad.
Basketball Tasmania has announced the state teams for the 2019 Under 20 and Ivor Burge National Championships at the Basketball Australia's Centre of Excellence in Canberra.
The team will be coached by Odette Seabourne, with Errol Bourn as her assistant and Brooke Bergan as the team manager.
Tasmania won't be sending a women's under 20 side to the event starting on February 13.
Previous post American forward Jordan Bowling signs with the North-West Thunder for 2019.


Did you celebrate the summer solstice? Did you catch some fireflies, let the sprinklers hit you on your walk to the car, feel sticky and sweaty the whole day? Yep, summer has arrived. And with it, lucky for us, come the juiciest sweetest fruits of the year. It's peach season! Enjoy them while they're here, whether it's in your breakfast, your dinner or your dessert.
Pop sliced peaches on the grill and serve with greens and haloumi cheese.
You can even drink them with this Peach and Ginger Milkshake recipe!
Make 'em spicy with a Peach and Tomato Gazpacho.
And finally, save the flavor for the fall and winter with easy Peach Jam.
How do you enjoy the summer peach? I'm listening…here!
Thanks so much for featuring my tomato and peach gazpacho in the lovely peach roundup!


A geriatric medication algorithm designed to reduce inappropriate prescribing was tested in a resident outpatient clinic. The medications of patients over 65 years old taking more than three medications (n = 41) were compared pre- and post-algorithm using the paired t-test. Pre-algorithm, the average number of drugs was 5.8 per patient (SD 1.62). Fifteen medications (6.4%) were discontinued, seven were substituted for a less toxic medication, and five were added. Post-algorithm, the average number of drugs was 5.6 (SD 1.69), mean difference 0.3 (SD 0.67), p < 0.025. Drugs discontinued were more likely to be high risk compared with drugs used at baseline; drugs added were less likely to be high risk. In this pilot study, the authors conclude that the algorithm helps resident physicians reduce inappropriate prescribing.


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Terms & Conditions Menu
3D BALAYAGE - HAIR MICRO-WEAVING COMB
This Comb has a unique way of micro weaving the hair. It splits any size section into two equal 50/50 subsections. The design has a consistent pattern of comb teeth. Every other gap between comb teeth goes half way down the length of the comb, allowing 50 percent of the section to go all the way down and allowing the split. The closeness of the teeth are intended to create an even micro weave. Creating maximum diffused dimension within every section when pre-lightening or coloring the hair.
Working half way down the section length of hair will create a tease like effect due to the closeness of the comb teeth. Allowing the person using the comb to create a seamless dimensional result and blend. The handle extending from the width of the comb, allows the user to work from underneath the section which has a more natural movement and maximum control of the section.
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The second annual George Fox University Golf Tournament tees off at The Reserve Vineyards and Golf Club, an award-winning course in Aloha, Ore. Join us for a day of fun and fellowship on the resort's Cupp Course. The tournament, which supports student scholarships, includes great food, gift packages, contests, and raffle prizes. Cost is $175 per player (includes green fees, lunch, dinner, and gift package).
"Come Away: Bring your heart, mind, soul and body." Selah, the second annual women's conference hosted by George Fox, will encourage women who are seeking to grow emotionally, spiritually, physically, and mentally. This year's one-day conference features four dynamic speakers: Barbara Feil, Alice Gray, Nisha Jackson, and Pam Vredevelt. Georgene Rice will serve as emcee and Deborah Greenidge (G79) as worship leader. Lunch is included in the $25 registration fee. Registrations must be received by Sept. 15. Visit selah.georgefox.edu to register online, or call 503-554- 2131 for more information.
Parents and families of George Fox students are welcome to explore campus life during Family Weekend 2005. Enjoy musical and theatrical performances, participate in an array of family activities, and worship with the George Fox family at a Sunday morning chapel service. For more information or to register, contact Sheri Philips at 503-554-2114 or e-mail sphilips@georgefox.edu.


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'Tis the Season to Abolish the Family
What if we could do better than the family?
We need to talk about the family. For those who are lucky, families can be filled with love and care, but for many they are sites of pain: from abandonment and neglect, to abuse and violence. Nobody is more likely to harm you than your family. Even in so-called happy families, the unpaid, unacknowledged work that it takes to raise children and care for each other is endless and exhausting. What if we could do better?
Do family abolitionists want to get rid of your Gran? Do they hate love? Are they all killjoys looking to rip the roots of working class resistance apart? Find out all this and more in this episode of the Verso podcast with author Sophie Lewis in conversation with Ben Smoke.
Until January 2, 2023 at 11:59PM EST, we have 40% off all print books and 60% off all ebooks (see full details here)!
See our Gift Guide and all our reading lists, including The Year in 10 Books, Radicalize Your Niblings, Radical Happiness, Tis the Season to Abolish the Family, Understanding the Cost of Living Crisis, Christianity and Anticapitalism.
What if family were not the only place you might hope to feel safe, loved, cared for and accepted? What if we could do better than the family?
The most influential theory of the origins of women's oppression in the modern era, in a beautiful new edition.
An integrated overview of the long transition from feudalism to capitalism, illuminating the far-reaching changes in familial relations from peasant subsistence to the making of the modern working class.
Sensitive but uncompromising socialist-feminist critique of the nuclear family.
Current debates about the future of the family are often based on serious misconceptions about its past. Arguing that there is no biologically mandated or universally functional family form, Stephanie Coontz traces the complexity and variety of family arrangements in American history.
Taking collective responsibility for children would radically transform our notions of kinship, helping us to see that it always takes a village to make a baby.
On the fraught bonds between daughters and their fathers, women and the patriarchy.
"To mother is to murder, or close enough," thinks Johanna, as she looks at the spelling of the two words in Norwegian. A cat and mouse game of surveillance and psychological torment develops between a middle aged artist and her aging mother in Vigdis Hjorth's latest novel.
Godelier argues that the changes of the last thirty years do not herald the disappearance or death agony of kinship, but rather its remarkable metamorphosis—one that, ironically, is bringing us closer to the "traditional" societies studied by ethnologists.
VersoReadingLists
Abolish the Family
by Sophie Lewis
A Millennium of Family Change
by Wally Seccombe
The Anti-Social Family
by Michèle Barrett and Mary McIntosh
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
by Friedrich Engels
The Social Origins of Private Life
by Stephanie Coontz
Full Surrogacy Now
by Katherine Angel
Is Mother Dead
by Vigdis Hjorth
The Metamorphoses of Kinship


New equipment from UVI, Propellerhead, Magix and more!
ANALYSIS This powerful (and free) software instrument just got a whole lot better.
ANALYSIS Sonar, one of the premiere DAWs for Windows, is back. And it's free!
ANALYSIS A low-cost, yet surprisingly well-featured, entry into the Reason ecosystem.
ANALYSIS The first major update in a decade, version 8 includes a wealth of instruments, effects, and loops.
ANALYSIS A unique interface to control a thoroughly unique sounding hybrid synth.
ANALYSIS An Italian-made instrument with fully analog signal path.
ANALYSIS A relatively low-cost way to get a surprisingly powerful analog synth voice.
ANALYSIS Welcome set of modules for any Eurorack user.