text:
Capital M
A great view paired with poor food
Capital M is the sister restaurant of Shanghai's M on the Bund. It shares the latter's beautiful views, if not the quality of the cuisine.
food > China	> Beijing
Capital M is the sister restaurant of M on the Bund in Shanghai. In line with the group's policy of choosing special locations, Capital M could hardly have a better one: Virtually on Tiananmen square, the restaurant offers some of the finest views in the city.
That really is part of the appeal here. Especially if you come in summer, you can eat on the terrace, overlooking Qianmen, Mao's Mausoleum and the square that has played such an important role in China's history. In winter on the other hand, the warm dining room offers an equally stylish and enjoyable place to escape from the biting cold for a few hours.
The service at Capital M is one of the strongest points here. After all, the manager Espen Harbitz is probably the most dynamic and charming maitre in town, alongside Ignace Lecleir at the Temple.
Food-wise, Capital M has more or less the same concept as M on the Bund. The idea is to bring simple food from all over the world to China. That ends up in a menu that has French, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and Scandinavian influences to name but a few. To go with it, an equally eclectic wine list has a solid selection of wines from all over the world.
The strongest dishes at Capital M are delicious. The perfect example would be a mushroom risotto. This is cooked beautifully, creamy, not too dry and with that bite to the rice that makes a good risotto what it is. The various wild mushrooms that come with it add an autumnal feeling to the dish, which makes you want to eat more and more.
Arguably the most famous dish here is the Pavlova. It has to be said that the Pavlova at Capital M is no less good than that in Shanghai. Perhaps the meringue is a touch dryer than that in Shanghai, but the balance of flavours and textures is still nearly perfect.
At times however, the kitchen here produces dishes that are less exciting. A suckling pig for instance comes with a skin that is too hard and thus doesn't have the delicate crunch that makes this crackling so addictive. The dish also is a bit heavy on the sweetness, which overpowers the other elements.
A meal at Capital M is different from any other restaurant in Beijing. Maybe it is the location, décor and service that make it what it is? The food is mostly very simple and good. Given that it doesn't try to do anything too fancy or pretentious, it is certainly one of the unique restaurants in town.
2 Qianmen Street, Beijing, China
http://www.m-restaurantgroup.com/capitalm/
Superb views over Tiananmen Square
Poor food
Da Dong Roast Duck Restaurant
A legend in China, Da Dong's ducks are easily some of the best in the country. But there is more to his restaurants than just duck...
Okra 1949
Max Levy's food is rooted in Chinese and Japanese produce, and easily among the most interesting in all of Beijing
Yannick Alleno's restaurant at the Shangri-La Beijing serves some of the master's signature dishes and more recent creations
Temple Restaurant Beijing
Ignace Lecleir's Temple Restaurant has taken Beijing by storm with its slick service and beautiful surroundings. Is the food on par though?
Li Family Imperial Cuisine
Ivan Li's restaurant might be in an unlikely location, but the food is worth the journey to the outskirts of Beijing
One of the few serious Japanese restaurants in Beijing, Yotsuba focuses on traditional edomae sushi
Aniello Turco's cuisine at Mio is some of Beijing's most adventurous cooking that keeps constantly pushing the boundaries
The Country Kitchen
A hotel restaurant like no other, the Country Kitchen has taken Beijing by storm
A revolutionary hotel-restaurant, Made in China, has aged over the years, even if it's food remains delicious


Vince calls tails. Coin comes up tails. Patriots win the toss, elect to defer. Jets will get the ball to start.
#Patriots win the toss and defer their choice to the second half. They've done that every time they've won the coin toss this season.
Referee Brad Allen tells the #Jets, "I assume you will receive?" Charlie Strong says, "not so fast"
Akeem Ayers with the special teams tackle on the kickoff and this one is under way.
Big stick by Ayers on that kickoff return.
#Patriots get off the field on third down after two quick stops on the ground.
Jonas Gray starting at running back.
Calvin Pace and Jason Babin team up on Tom Brady for the sack. Overload blitz: a Rex Ryan specialty. #Patriots go 3-and-out.
If a Gray starts in the backfield, and doesn't get the ball, did he really start?
Harvin with the wildcat carry.
Good job by Hightower of not overpursuing on that play. That's a mistake he might have made last year.
Heavy pressure from Chandler Jones on that incompletion.
Danny Amendola just did the Booker T Spinaroonie in midair. Calvin Pryor with the hit.
Missed tackles by both Dont'a Hightower and Logan Ryan on this drive. #Jets looking poised to respond.
Why do the Jets QBs, who look terrible against the rest of the league, morph in to Joe Montana when they play the Patriots?
Bringing the cart out for Nick Mangold. A LOT of players from both teams coming over to him.
Oh how many times I've had similar thoughts. RT @JoeBuscaglia: I wish I could tweet you guys the smell of this press box.
#Jets C Nick Mangold is carted off after being rolled up by a Patriots defender. Would be a huge loss for that OL. He's their best blocker.
Ryan has really regressed this year. Seems to happen to DBs in NE, Revis excepted. Tie game coming up.
"It's really just about making plays."


text:
All posts tagged "Birth control"
Home / Posts tagged "Birth control"
EMERGING FEMINISMS, When You Renounced the Catholic Church (or sex with you)
By Stevie Lynn Hunter I remember the first time your fingers were inside of me, but nails inside of me have always bothered me...
Self-Determination and the Struggle to End Violence Against Women Living with HIV
By Guest Contributor on October 23, 2015
By Keiko Lane, MFT I don't think we had slept together yet when he told me about the pills. He was, well, not exactly hoarding...
Personal is Political: Get Your Hormones Out of My Body
By Guest Contributor on September 23, 2014
I believe that any safe birth control option should be made available to anyone (male or female) who wishes to exert control over their reproductive...
A Review of Koblitz's "Sex and Herbs and Birth Control"
By Guest Contributor on September 9, 2014
By Tiffany Lamoreaux Addressing an Iowa audience in August 2014, Republican Rand Paul claimed that the GOP was not interested in banning birth control. Instead,...
COLLEGE FEMINISMS: Two to Tango: Sharing Birth Control
By Samantha Maldonado I started on birth control (a.k.a "the pill") during my relationship with my current boyfriend. It's the method we prefer. Being on...
Op-Ed: Legal Birth Control: An Overlooked Milestone
By Guest Contributor on June 9, 2013
By Annet Ruiter This month marks the 48th anniversary of the Supreme Court ruling in Griswold v. Connecticut, which struck down a state law that...
World Contraception Day
Today, September 26th, is World Contraception Day. And here at TFW, we invite you to consider what contraception has meant and may still mean to...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Graphic pejoratives in written Chinese
Historical Chinese practice of writing names for non-Han peoples with homophonous characters denoting insults
Some historical Chinese characters for non-Chinese peoples were graphically pejorative ethnic slurs, where the racial insult derived not from the Chinese word but from the character used to write it. For instance, written Chinese first transcribed the name Yáo "the Yao people (in southwest China and Vietnam)" with the character for yáo 猺 "jackal", but 20th-century language reforms replaced this graphic pejorative with yáo 瑤 "precious jade".
In alphabetically written languages like English, orthography does not change ethnic slurs — but in logographically written languages like Chinese, it makes a difference whether one writes Yáo as 猺 "jackal" or 瑤 "jade". Over 80% of Chinese characters are phono-semantic compounds,[1] consisting of a radical or determinative giving the logographic character a semantic meaning and a "rebus" or phonetic component guiding the pronunciation. Thus, most such slurs in written Chinese derived from the semantic component of a character. In the Yáo example above, the phonetic component of the characters (䍃) is the same, and they are homophones, but the pejorative character "猺" has the dog radical, suggesting an association with dogs (leading to the meaning "jackal"), whereas the revised character "瑤" has the jade radical, suggesting the association with the precious gem.
1 Linguistic background
3.1 Dog radical
3.2 Other radicals
Linguistic background[edit]
Disparaging characters for certain ethnic groups depend upon a subtle semantic aspect of transcription into Chinese characters. The Chinese language writes exonyms, like other foreign loanwords, in characters chosen to approximate the foreign pronunciation – but the characters themselves represent meaningful Chinese words. The sinologist Endymion Wilkinson says,
At the same time as finding characters to fit the sounds of a foreign word or name it is also possible to choose ones with a particular meaning, in the case of non-Han peoples and foreigners, usually a pejorative meaning. It was the practice, for example, to choose characters with an animal or reptile signific for southern non-Han peoples, and many northern peoples were given characters for their names with the dog or leather hides signific. In origin this practice may have derived from the animal totems or tribal emblems typical of these peoples. This is not to deny that in later Chinese history such graphic pejoratives fitted neatly with Han convictions of the superiority of their own culture as compared to the uncultivated, hence animal-like, savages and barbarians. Characters with animal hides, or other such significs were generally not used in formal correspondence. On and off they were banned by non-Han rulers in China culminating with the Qing. Many were systematically altered during the script reforms of the 1950s (Dada 韃靼, Tartar, is one of the few, to have survived). (2000: 712)
Wilkinson (2000: 38) compared these "graphic pejoratives selected for aborigines and barbarians" with the "flattering characters chosen for transcribing the names of the Western powers in the nineteenth century", for instance, Meiguo 美國 "United States" can be read as "beautiful country" (Wu 2014).
Almost all logographically pejorative Chinese characters are classified as "phono-semantic compounds", characters that combine a phonetic element approximately or exactly suggesting pronunciation and a radical or determinative approximately indicating meaning.
The most common radical among graphic pejoratives is Radical 94 犬 or 犭, called the "dog" or "beast" radical, which is ordinarily used in characters for animal names (e.g., mao 猫 "cat", gou 狗 "dog", zhu 猪 "pig"; however, the traditional characters for "cat" and "pig" are 貓 and 豬 respectively, which contain other radicals). The Dutch historian Frank Dikötter explains the significance.
Physical composition and cultural disposition were confused in Chinese antiquity. The border between man and animal was blurred. "The Rong are birds and beasts" [Zuozhuan]. This was not simply a derogatory description: it was part of a mentality that integrated the concept of civilization with the idea of humanity, picturing the alien groups living outside the pale of Chinese society as distant savages hovering on the edge of bestiality. The names of the outgroups were written in characters with an animal radical, a habit that persisted until the 1930s: the Di, a northern tribe, were thus assimilated with the dog, whereas the Man and the Min, people from the south, shared the attributes of the reptiles. The Qiang had a sheep radical. (1992: 3–4)
Graphic pejoratives, or orthographic pejoratives, are a unique aspect of Chinese characters. The American linguist James A. Matisoff coined the term "graphic pejoratives" in 1986, describing autonym and exonym usages in East Asian languages.
Human nature being what it is, exonyms are liable to be pejorative rather than complimentary, especially where there is a real or fancied difference in cultural level between the ingroup and outgroup. Sometimes the same pejorative exonym is applied to different peoples, providing clues to the inter-ethnic pecking-order in a certain region. ... the former Chinese name for the Jinghpaw, [Yeren] 野人 lit. 'wild men', was used by both the Jinghpaw and the Burmese to refer to the Lisu. … The Chinese writing system provided unique opportunities for graphic pejoratives. The 'beast-radical' 犭 used to appear in the characters for the names of lesser peoples (e.g., 猺 'Yao'), though now the 'person-radical' 亻 has been substituted (傜). (1986: 6)
The late American anthropologist and linguist Paul K. Benedict (1987: 188) described covert ethnic slurs as the "pejorativization of exonymized names". In a discussion of autonyms, Benedict said,
a leading Chinese linguist has remarked that the name 'Lolo' is offensive only when written with the 'dog' radical. There is undoubtedly here some reflection of the underlying Chinese equation of 'word' with 'written character', providing a clue to the 'pejorativization' of 'exonymized' names of this kind: by writing my name with a 'dog' alongside it you are calling me a 'dog' (and in Chinese this is a unisex epithet). The modern Chinese practice is to write these tribal names with the 'human being' radical, thereby raising their level of acceptance. (1987: 188)
Radical 9 人 or 亻, the "person" or "human" radical, is considered a semantically unprejudiced graphic element. It was used in a few early exonyms, such as Bo 僰 (depicting a person in 棘 "thorns") "Bo people" in southern China (especially Sichuan).
In addition to having linguistically unique graphic pejoratives, Chinese, like all human languages, has typical disparaging terms for foreign peoples or "ethnophaulisms". Wilkinson (2000: 725-726) lists three commonly used words: nu 奴 "slave" (e.g., Xiongnu 匈奴 "fierce slaves; Xiongnu people"), gui 鬼 "devil; ghost" (guilao or Cantonese Gweilo 鬼佬 "devil men; Western barbarians"), and lu 虜 "captive; caitiff" (Suolu 索虜 "unkempt caitiffs; Tuoba people", now officially written 拓拔 "develop pull"). Unlike official Chinese language reforms, Wilkinson (2000: 730) notes, "Unofficially and not infrequently graphic pejoratives were added or substituted" in loanword transcriptions, as when Falanxi 法蘭西 (with lan 蘭 "orchid; moral excellence") "France" was written Falangxi 法狼西 (with lang 狼 "wolf").
Wa was the earliest written name of Japan, and the first graphic pejorative to be replaced by another character. Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 24 CE) scribes initially wrote the exonym "Japan" as Chinese Wo or Japanese Wa 倭 meaning "submissive; dwarf barbarian". The Japanese adopted this kanji as their autonym, but replaced it with Wa 和 "harmony; peace" circa 756, and convinced the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) Chinese to adopt the new autonym, Japanese Nihon or Chinese Riben 日本 (lit. "root of the sun").
The American sinologist Herrlee Glessner Creel (1970: 197–178) said some early exonyms "may have been given by the Chinese as terms of contempt—this is hard to determine—but it is unlikely that all of them were". Pejorative Chinese characters, especially semantically negative ones replaced with semantically positive characters, unmistakably determine ethnic contempt.
Zhou Dynasty cosmography of Huaxia and the Siyi: Dongyi in the east, Nanman in the south, Xirong in the west, and Beidi in the north.
Despite Creel's warning about the complications of determining which early Chinese exonyms were derogatory, the first character dictionary, Xu Shen's (121 CE) Shuowen Jiezi (cited from Wikisource's 說文解字), provides invaluable data about Han Dynasty usage. Take for example, definitions of the "Siyi" "Four Barbarians" surrounding ancient China – the Dongyi 東夷 "Eastern Barbarians", Nanman 南蠻 "Southern Barbarians", Xirong 西戎 "Western Barbarians", and Beidi 北狄 "Northern Barbarians" – where two are defined militarily and two bestially.
Yi 夷: "平也. 从大从弓. 東方之人也." "Level; flat. From 大 'big (person)' and 弓 'bow' radicals. Eastern people." (11/20)
Man 蠻: "南蠻, 蛇穜. 从虫䜌聲." "Southern Man, a snake species. From 虫 'insect' radical and luan 䜌 phonetic." (14/5)
Rong 戎: "兵也. 從戈從甲." "Weapons, warfare. From 戈 'dagger axe; halberd' and 甲 'helmet' radicals." (13/21)
Di 狄: "赤狄, 本犬種. 狄之為言淫辟也. 从犬,亦省聲." "Red Di, originally a dog species. Calling the Di dogs refers to licentiousness and depravity. From 犬 'dog' radical, which is also phonetic." (11/8)[dubious – discuss]
While graphic pejoratives appear to have originated in the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BCE), they continued to be used into the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912 CE). The anti-Manchu revolutionary Zhang Binglin (1868–1936) blended traditional Chinese imagery with fashionable Western racial theory (tr. Dikötter 1992: 122): "Barbarian tribes, unlike the civilized yellow and white races, were the biological descendants of lower species: the Di had been generated by dogs, and the Jiang could trace their ancestry back to sheep." Historian John K. Fairbank (1992: 158–159) says this type of imagery was not officially endorsed by the central authorities in China at that time: in fact the kǎozhèng movement of the Qing scholars (consisting of "Song Learning" and "Han Learning") as supported by the government was opposed to this to the point that out of some 2,320 resultingly suppressed works many were banned for having a perceived critical, "antibarbarian tone".
Although most characters for modern ethnic groups have been bowdlerized, some historical terms, such as Di 狄 "northern barbarians", remain in written Chinese.
Dog radical[edit]
As described above, the "dog", "beast", or "quadruped" radical 犭 is especially common among graphic pejoratives for Chinese exonyms. The Dutch sinologist Robert Van Gulik (1967:29) describes this practice as "the unkind Chinese habit of writing the names of the 'barbarians' surrounding their territory with the classifier 'quadruped'". The German anthropologist Karl Jettmar (1983: 229) explains that calling outsiders "wild beasts, jackals, and wolves" linguistically justified using brutality against them.
Language reforms initiated in the Republic of China in the late 1930s and continued in the People's Republic of China in the 1950s replaced "dog" radical ethnonyms of minority peoples with more positive characters.
The Yao people's exonym changed twice from (犭 "dog radical" and yao 䍃 phonetic) yao 猺 "jackal; the Yao", to (亻"human radical") yao 傜 "the Yao", and then to (玉 "jade radical") yao 瑤 "precious jade; green jasper; the Yao". Chinese dictionaries first defined yao 猺 as the "name of a wild animal" (11th-century Jiyun: 獸名), and later as the "tribe of southern barbarians" (17th-century Zhengzitong: 蠻屬). The Chinese-English dictionary of Robert Henry Mathews (1931, no. 7287) records traditional Chinese prejudice about the Yao, "the books describe them as being very wild; they are said to have a short tail; and the skin on the soles of their feet is spoken of as being more than one inch in thickness".
The Zhuang people (an ethnic minority primarily living in Guangxi) are currently written with the character for zhuang 壮 "strong; robust", but Zhuang was initially transcribed with the character for tong 獞 "a dog name", and then with tong 僮 ("human" radical) "child; boy servant". The late American sinologist and lexicographer John DeFrancis described how the People's Republic of China removed the graphic pejoration.
Sometimes the use of one radical or another can have a special significance, as in the case of removing an ethnic slur from the name of the Zhuang minority in southwest China, which used to be written with the dog radical but after 1949 was first written with the human radical and was later changed to a completely different character with the respectable meaning "sturdy":
獞 Zhuàng (with the dog radical)
僮 Zhuàng (with the human radical)
壮 Zhuàng ("sturdy") (1984: 17)
This 1949 change to Zhuang 僮 was made after the Chinese civil war, and the change to Zhuang 壮 was made during the 1965 standardization of simplified Chinese characters.
The Yi people or Lolo, whose current Chinese exonym is yi 彝 "sacrificial wine vessel; Yi peoples", used to be condescendingly called the Luoluo 猓猓, giving a new luo reading to ("dog" radical and guo 果 phonetic) guo 猓 "proboscis monkey". The first replacement was ("human" radical) luo 倮, already used as a graphic variant character for ("clothing radical") luo 裸 "naked"; the second was luo 罗 "bird net; gauze".
The Lahu people were written Luohei 猓黑, with this same simian luo 猓 and 黑 "black". Their modern exonym is Lahu 拉祜, transcribing with la 拉 "pull; drag" and hu 祜 "favor or protection from heaven".
The Bouyei people in southern China and Vietnam are called Zhongjia 仲家, written with the "human radical" term zhong 仲 "second; middle (of three months or brothers)". The earlier ethnonym Zhongjia 狆家 used the "dog radical" term zhong 狆 "lap dog; pug", which now usually refers to the Japanese Chin (from Japanese language chin 狆).
The modern Chinese transcription for the Gelao people is Gelaozu 仡佬族 with the "human radical", and Gelao was previously written 犵狫 with the "dog radical" and the same phonetic elements. The word liao 獠 originally meant "night hunting; long, protruding teeth", and beginning during Wei-Jin period (265–420) was also pronounced lao 獠 meaning "an aboriginal tribe in southwest China (= lao 狫); ugly". This Laoren 僚人, from earlier 狫人 or 獠人, is the modern name for the Rau peoples (including Zhuang, Buyei, and Tay–Nùng).
Additional "dog" radical examples of exonyms include the ancient Quanrong 犬戎 "dog barbarians" or "dog belligerents" and Xianyun 獫狁 (written with xian 獫 or 玁 "long-snouted dog; black dog with a yellow face"). Feng Li, a Columbia University historian of early China, suggests a close semantic relation (2006:346), "It is very probable that when the term Xianyun came to be written with the two characters 獫狁, the notion of 'dog' associated with the character xian thus gave rise to the term Quanrong 犬戎, or the 'Dog Barbarians'."
The Chinese name for Jews, 犹太人 Yóutàirén, or 猶太人 in traditional characters, contains a "dog" radical but hasn't been revised. However, the character 猶 only means "just like".
Other radicals[edit]
Some graphic pejoratives used significs besides the "dog" radical.
Radical 123 羊, the "sheep" radical, is seen in the ancient Jie 羯 "castrated sheep; Jie people" and the modern Qiang 羌 "shepherd; Qiang people".
Radical 153 豸, the "cat" or "beast" radical, appears in the ancient Mo 貊 or 貘 "panther; northeastern barbarians", who are associated with the ancient Huimo 濊貊 "Yemaek people" (in Manchuria and Korea).
Radical 177 革, the "animal hide" or "leather" radical, is used in character names for two northern barbarians. Dada 韃靼 "Tartar people" is written with da 韃 "red-dyed leather" and da 靼 "pliable leather; tanned hide". The (c. 1609) Shanhai Yudi Quantu "Complete Terrestrial Map" uses Dada for "Tartary". Mohe 靺鞨 "Mohe people; Tungusic peoples" is written with mo 靺 "socks; stockings" and he 鞨 "shoes".
Radical 142 虫, the "insect" or "reptile" radical, is used for the early Man 蠻 "southern barbarians" and modern-day Min 閩 people (see Fujian#History). In Minnan they are both pronounced as /ban˨˦/ (POJ: bân). Xu Shen's Shuowen defines both words as 蛇種 "a type of snake". The American philologist and linguist Victor H. Mair explains the modern significance of these two ancient graphic pejoratives.
The debasement of local languages and cultures in China (whether they are Sinitic or non-Sinitic) is so ubiquitous that people become inured to it. They internalize the negative stereotypes associated with peripherality and sheer difference (from the orthodox language and culture of the center). This subtle (but sometimes also brutal) psychological conditioning extends even to the names people call themselves and the totemic myths with which they identify. For instance, the people of Fujian and Taiwan are proud to identify themselves as being from Min, but seldom do they consider that the character adopted to write this name over two millennia ago (it did not yet exist among the oracle bone and bronze inscriptions) includes the infamous chóng ("insect; serpent") radical. There it is staring you right in the face every time you look at the character: a bug inside of a door, but people do not see the insect / snake, perhaps because they do not want to see it or cannot bear to see it. Here is how Xu Shen explained the character used to write mín around the year 100 CE: "Southeastern Yue [i.e., Viet]; snake race. [The character is formed] from [the] insect / serpent [radical and takes its pronunciation from] mén." 東南越蛇穜从虫門聲 ... Southern Min speakers refer to themselves as bân-lâm-lâng, which is usually written with sinographs meaning "Southern Min person" 閩南人, but should actually be written with sinographs meaning "Southern barbarian fellow" 蠻南儂. ... The graph pronounced lâm in Taiwanese is the notorious mán ("barbarians [of the south]") as pronounced in MSM. Here is how Xu Shen explains the graph used to write lâm / mán: "Southern barbarians [who are a] snake race. [The character is formed] from [the] insect / serpent [radical and takes its pronunciation from] luàn 南蠻蛇種从虫" ... The Mán inhabitants of Mǐn are thus doubly southern, doubly barbarian, and doubly serpentine. Since these explanations have been enshrined in the most authoritative, foundational dictionary of the sinographs, a dictionary which is still invoked with reverence today, there is no denying them. The impact that such designations have had on the consciousness of those who are on both the receiving end and the giving-end is enormous. (2010: n.p.)
List of Chinese ethnic slurs
List of Chinese racial euphemisms
List of ethnic group names used as insults
List of ethnic slurs
Term of disparagement
^ Liu, Phil D.; Chung, Kevin K.H.; McBride-Chang, Catherine; Tong, Xiuhong (2010-12-01). "Holistic versus analytic processing: Evidence for a different approach to processing of Chinese at the word and character levels in Chinese children". Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 107 (4): 466–478. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.06.006. ISSN 0022-0965. PMID 20673579.
Benedict, Paul K. (1987), "Autonyms: ought or ought not," Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 10: 186-188.
Creel, Herrlee G. (1970), The Origins of Statecraft in China, The University of Chicago Press.
Defrancis, John (1984), The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy, University of Hawaii Press.
Dikötter, Frank (1992), The Discourse of Race in Modern China, Stanford University Press.
Fairbank, John King (1992), China: A New History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press/Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-11670-4
Fiskesjö, Magnus (2011), "The animal other: Re-naming the barbarians in 20th-century China", Social Text 29.4, pp. 57–79 (No. 109, Special Issue, "China and the Human", ed. by Teemu Ruskola, Shen Shuang, and David Eng). http://socialtext.dukejournals.org/content/29/4_109/57.abstract
Van Gulik, Robert (1967), The gibbon in China: An essay in Chinese animal lore, E. J. Brill.
Jettmar, Karl (1983), "The Origins of Chinese Civilization: Soviet Views," in Keightley, David N., ed., The Origins of Chinese civilization, p. 229. University of California Press.
Li, Feng (2006), Landscape And Power In Early China, Cambridge University Press.
Mair, Victor H. (2010), How to Forget Your Mother Tongue and Remember Your National Language, Pinyin.info.
Mathews, Robert Henry (1931), Chinese- English Dictionary, China Inland Mission.
Matisoff, James A. (1986), "The languages and dialects of Tibeto-Burman: an alphabetic/genetic listing, with some prefatory remarks on ethnonymic and glossonymic complications", in John McCoy and Timothy Light, eds., Contributions to Sino-Tibetan Studies, presented to Nicholas C. Bodman, E.J. Brill.
Ramsey, Robert S. (1987), The Languages of China, Princeton University Press.
Wilkinson, Endymion (2000), Chinese History: a manual, revised and enlarged ed., Harvard University Asia Center.
Wu, Alex (2014), "Chinese Characters: Měi (美) The character for 'beauty' or 'beautiful'", Epoch Times, 8 November 2014.
Ethnic slurs
Abeed
Black American princess
Black Buck
Boerehaat
Choc ice
Cocolo
Cushi
House Negro
Macaca
Nigger (Nigga)
Pickaninny
Queen / Queenie
Tar-Baby
Uncle Tom
(North and South)
Beaner (Mexicans)
Pocho (non-Spanish speaking Hispanics)
Cholo (Mestizos)
Eskimo (Inuit)
Half-breed (Métis)
Indian/Injun (Native American / First Nations)
Redskin/Red Indian (Native American / First Nations)
Squaw (Native American women)
Buckra
Coonass (Cajuns)
Haole
Peckerwood
Swamp Yankee
Yank / Yankee
Canuck (Canadians)
Newfie (Newfoundlander)
Sudaca (Central and South Americans)
East Asians
Banana (westernized East Asians)
Gook
Sangokujin
Ah Beng
American-born Chinese (ABC)
Chink
Ching chong
Jook-sing (overseas / westernized Chinese)
Jjokbari
Xiao Riben
Gaoli bangzi
Sangokujin (also Chinese)
American-Born Confused Desi (ABCD)
Bengali Hindus
Bongal
Danchi babu
Dkhar
Malaun
Chinki (Northeast Indians)
Keling (Maritime Southeast Asian-origin Indians)
Pakistanis
Ang mo
Guizi
Gweilo
Honky
Mat Salleh
Wasi'chu
Albanians
Šiptar
Turco-Albanian
Limey (English people)
Sheep shagger (Welsh people)
Taffy (Welsh people)
Teuchter (Scottish Highlanders)
Chukhna
China Swede
Finnjävel
Cheese-eating surrender monkeys
Gabacho
Grecoman
Fenian (Republicans)
Knacker (Irish Travellers)
Pikey (Irish Travellers)
Shoneen (Anglophile Irish)
Taig (Irish Catholics)
Goombah
Terrone (South Italians)
Polentone (Northern Italians)
Sardegnolo (Sardinians)
Moskal
Tibla
Serbs
Shkije
Gachupín
Xarnego
Ukrainians
Khokhol
Bulgarophiles (Macedonians and Serbs)
Serbomans (Macedonians and Bulgarians)
Yestonians (Russified Estonians)
Rafida (Shi'ites)
Raghead
Christ killer
Jewish-American princess (JAP)
Khazar (Ashkenazi Jews)
Marrano (Conversos / Crypto-Jews)
Rootless cosmopolitan
Yekke (German Jews)
Yid
Zhyd / Zhydovka
Żydokomuna
Oceanians
Blackfella (Indigenous Australians)
Hori (Māori)
Kanaka (Pacific Islander)
Kanake (Polynesians)
Didicoy
Nawar
Ajam (non-Arabs)
Fresh off the boat / F.O.B. (immigrant)
Gaijin (non-Japanese)
Goy (non-Jew)
Kafir (non-believer)
Laowai (non-Chinese)
Reffo / Balt (Non-Anglo immigrant to Australia)
Shegetz (non-Jewish boy or man) (pl. Shkutzim)
Shiksa (non-Jewish woman)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Graphic_pejoratives_in_written_Chinese&oldid=915312199"
Chinese orthography
Ethnic and religious slurs
Ethno-cultural designations
Logographic writing systems
Use Harvard referencing from December 2017
Articles with long short description
Articles with disputed statements from April 2019


In an accompanying letter, Defense Department officials said that because they won't target projects for which money was already awarded or for items like housing, many items listed won't be cut.
"Now that members of Congress can see the potential impact this proposal could have on projects in their home states, I hope they will take that into consideration before the vote to override the President's veto", Sen.
"This appears to be nothing more than another stall tactic created to delay the political consequences of President Trump's emergency declaration", Hollander said.
In their initial votes, the House and Senate both fell short of the two-thirds majorities that will be needed to override Trump's veto.
Project include, among others, a $38 million training support facility at Fort Rucker, Alabama; a $32 million vehicle maintenance shop at Fort Campbell, Kentucky; to a $53 million unmanned aerial vehicle hangar at Kunsan Air Base in South Korea; and $65 million for a "parking structure" at the U.S.
Trump proposed using his declaration to steer $3.6 billion USA in military construction projects to wall constructions.
Sasse told Fox News' "Special Report with Bret Baier" late Monday the president has the "absolutely right" to declare his emergency declaration to address the crisis at the U.S. -Mexico border and build the physical barrier.
The Republican senator, who isn't usually a pro-Trump senator, voted with the president on the resolution, previously explaining that his decision was because "we have an obvious crisis at the border", as IJR Red reported. Trump vetoed the bill Friday. "And I think they're going to try to hide the list until that veto override vote occurs in the House and then in the Senate", he said.
Three top Democrats said in a statement that the projects were facing cuts "to placate the President".
Trump issued the first veto of his presidency on Friday to block a measure passed by Democrats and Republicans in Congress that would terminate his emergency declaration for a wall on the USA border with Mexico to stem illegal immigration and crime.
Shanahan had promised to deliver the list to lawmakers by the end of the day last Thursday during a tense hearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee.
The Pentagon released a list Monday of hundreds of military construction projects worldwide totaling almost $6.8 billion, many of which could be delayed or have funds diverted to fund the southern border wall.


text:
This week in social media: 57% of Brits use social media, a geeky proposal, Jesus beats Justin Bieber on Facebook!
This week sees almost two thirds of Brits now use social networks, Tumblr still attracting record number of visitors, did Facebook kill of Places too soon, a very geeky proposal, the car for social network addicts, and Justin Bieber only has the second most engaged Facebook fans – stay tuned to find out who number one is!
Majority of Brits now use social networks
According to the Office of National Statistics for the first time the majority of Brits over 16 are now using social networks like Facebook and Twitter. Overall 57% of adults have used one or more of these platforms this year compared to only 43% last year. And guess what, women are apparently more eager about creating online friendships than men. What can we say, we like to have big groups of friends off- and online. Makes us feel all loved. That said, men are almost twice as likely to have used the more 'professional social networks like LinkedIn compared to women.
Tumblr's popularity continues as July saw 13.4 million unique visitors
With Jux entering the blogosphere Tumblr might have been worried for a second or two, but as the July figures from comScore show it is still attracting a record number of visitors each month as the multimedia-focused microblogging platform scored 13.4 million unique visitors in the U.S. alone. That is up 218% from the same time in 2010, making it one of the fastest growing consumer-oriented internet sites over the past year.
A geeky proposal – and we love it!
When Google engineer Ari Gilder wanted to propose to his girlfriend Faigy he came up with this great idea. He created a custom app 'The Big Question' that sent Faigy on a romantic scavenger hunt using Google Maps around New York City filled with memories of their relationship. Faigy had to answer several questions correctly throughout the route which she then entered into the app to 'unlock' the next location. At the final location Ari stood waiting with the Big Question. Guess what Faigy answered… And it is all oh so adorably geeky!
Did Facebook kill Places too soon? Had 4 times more check-ins than Foursquare…
Think several of us were a bit surprised when Facebook canned Facebook Places the other week. Sure, it needed some TLC to be maximised to the fullest, but it was fairly popular according to figures by Visit Britain that claim Places had four times the number of check-ins compared to Foursquare at the time of digital death. ShinyShiny thinks Facebook might have canned check-ins a bit too soon, but we're sure Zuckerberg and Co. has more surprises up their sleeves.
The social media ministry: Justin Bieber is second to Jesus Daily in engaged fans on Facebook
Yep, that's right. The Bieb is only second when it comes to the number of engaged or highly active fans on Facebook. But he did only lose out to Jesus and Jesus Daily. So the most 'popular' man on Facebook is Dr. Aaron Tabor, a diet physician and medical researcher, who set up the page in 2009 as a hobby and now has some 8.2 million Facebook Page fans. Pop darling Justin Bieber has 35 million plus fans, but they don't interact as much as Jesus Daily's fans. Jesus 1 – Bieber 0. Actually come to think of it, don't think Bieber is too disappointed to be beaten by Jesus, as he recently got the Hebrew word for 'Jesus' inked on his upper body.
Foursquare adds five new languages
In its second wave of global language expansion, location-based social network Foursquare has added five new languages to its app: Bahasa Indonesian, Korean, Portuguese, Russian and Thai. And as a result, according to a Foursquare blog post, the use of the app in the countries where those languages are spoken has since "exploded" – go figure. oi! привет! 안녕! hai! and สวัสดี! Foursquare.
The car for social networkers
If you, like us, are addicted to social media and enjoy spending countless of hours chatting to your virtual chums you might get excited about this new car from Ford. The Evos plug-in hybrid is apparently so smart that it can socially network with its driver's friends and recommend roads and routes that are quickest or most fun to drive and is always connected to his or her 'personal cloud'. If it will manage to give you a "seamless lifestyle between home, office and car linked by access" to your personal information we don't know but we'd love to find out! But sadly we won't be able to drive it anytime soon…
Foodily Facebook app streamlines feed for shared recipes
Facebook is a great thing, but can also get quote annoying when people start sharing just one thing… like baby news… or recipes! So if you're one of the latter you might fall in love with the Foodily app (sorry but if you belong to the first group I have already blocked your updates. You are more than welcome to block my shares of LOL kittehs if you wish). For now all cooking enthusiasts can get a dedicated, real-time feed of the recipes Facebook friends save on the site and dip into your friends' recipe boxes for inspiration.
Zara Phillips: The unsocial royal
The Queen is here, there and everywhere, Clarence House uses it to announce royal engagements, and there are numerous fake accounts set up in the name of the English Royals. We're of course talking about social media, more specifically Facebook and Twitter. However, there is one young royal that we're not likely to see tweeting about horses anytime soon and that's newlywed Zara Phillips. In an interview with Tatler, Zara has said she's not a fan of social media and that she thinks Facebook is 'dangerous'. We hear you Zara, just think about all those Facebook photos of you as the "royal rebel" that would be tagged. Best to stay off it! Do you know anyone who is against social media? I did, but then they joined…
And to round off this week in social media…
Here are the 10 best YouTube cat videos according to ShinyShiny.
By @elisabethLDN
Sep 6, 2011 Elisabeth Edvardsen
The 10 best YouTube cat videos
Google the shopaholic: What's it been buying?
Robmorris415 says:
In fact, we were surprised just how many said "No, never." Look at the rest of the responses — they are surprising in some ways, too. They suggest that responding to comments on social media is not really a top priority with a significant chunk of small businesses.
Jackjonathon8 says:
The content provided in this blog is really satisfactory.I enjoyed reading this blog .keep doing posting on nice topic . I will look forward for the updates.
Yanotakumi1 says:
It was very Useful for me. I'm happy I found this blog. Thank you for sharing with us, I always learn something new too from your post .
日本NCH
Christmas Quotes For Cards says:
The day taught me the opposite of this site and want to help you understand that I was happy with their messages. I can feed your blog, and can remain in the place of your message later.
Historical Swords says:
It's always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained! I'm sure you had fun writing this article.
motorcycle boots says:
for this great read! I really enjoyed every bit of what I have bookmarked to see new stuff you write. Sincerely, took me a while to read all comments.
dawd says:
An Irish teenager – Alvin Phee – was last night recovering in hospital in Spain after being stabbed five times on the holiday island of Ibiza.
Alvin Phee (19) was knifed four times in the back and once in the face at his flat on Calle Holanda, at the resort of San Antonio, on Monday.
One of the wounds pierced his lung and another tore open his cheek. But he remained conscious and was able to call for an ambulance at 4.30pm.
Alvin Phee was rushed to the Can Misses hospital where he underwent surgery.
school girl says:
poshlondon.blogspot.com
yankees tickets says:
Thank YOU for sharing your comments and insights. I really appreciate it! Amazing art on your site!


...is not so finished. Although it has come a long way.
Please excuse the picture quality. This was in March/April 2011 before I was blogging and taking pictures with the good camera.
That being said, it's current state is a hot mess (something a little like this, maybe). And that's because the spare bedroom is hardly ever used as a bedroom (we have had over night guests once). Instead, it acts as a holding room for my clothes (until we do the master bedroom), book storage, and craft/sewing junk storage. Basically, if I were to have a home office and a walk in closet in one, this would be it.
The majority of what you see in here was either free or a gift, or something I bought long ago. The only things I bought specifically for this room are the mirror, the black frame and photo print above the bed, the curtain rod and panel, pillow cases, throw pillow, and pillows (which we were long over due for anyway and have since moved onto our bed). Of course I had to buy paint, too (walls - Behr Lotus Leaf, trim and ceiling - Behr Snowy Pine).
None of the furniture cost us anything. Rocking chair? Free from family. Antique bookcase/desk? Free from family. Bed? Free from family. Dresser? Free from Craigslist back when I was moving into my first place by myself.
That's all well and good, but it doesn't help the fact that this space is not being used to it's full potential. And after Christmas, I have plans to fix that.
Check back on Friday for what will be one of our biggest purchases yet!


Crafted from high-quality stretch cotton poplin, this white shirt by Fabiana Filippi is both classic and modern. Made in Italy, this style has a relaxed fit with long sleeves, concealed button fastening, and features a signature metal chain beaded trim on the collar. Style it with a cardigan and slim pants for an elevated worwear look.
Length 26.5" 27" 27.5" 28" 29" 29.5"
Shoulder Width 13.5" 14" 14.5" 15" 15.5" 15.5"
Bust 34" 36" 38" 41" 42" 42"
Waist 33" 35" 37" 39" 41" 42"
Hip 32" 34" 36" 38" 40" 41"
Sleeve Length 23" 23.5" 23.5" 23.5" 24" 24.5"


Any personal information you may provide to us on this website via, for example, a contact form or by signing up to our newsletter will never be sold, rented or otherwise distributed or made public without your express consent.
Should you choose to contact us using the contact form on our Contact us page or using an email link instead, none of the data that you supply will be stored by this website.
We use a number of third parties to process personal data on our behalf. These third parties have been carefully chosen and, to the best of our belief and understanding, all of them comply with current legislation. Both third parties are based in the USA and are EU-U.S. Privacy Shield compliant.
Cookies enable us to record anonymous information about you, including: the type of internet browser you use to access this website computer operating system, the websites you visited before visiting this website, the areas of the website you visit and your IP address can provide information about your approximate geographic location. Cookies cannot be used to disclose your individual identity.


Today is 4th July. United States celebrates its independence as a country. It's a national holiday and many of us will be attending the parade or grilling burgers or spending quality time with our loved ones or perhaps planning tonight's fireworks display.
As I started reflecting more, I am grateful for all sorts of freedom (e.g. speech, religion, living) I am able to enjoy, things I am able to achieve and for what US has given to me.
As an immigrant hailing from India, I sincerely appreciate the openness, richness and the wealth of opportunities USA has offered me and many others.
In India, I grew up in a small town/ neighborhood right next to 3rd largest slum in the world. I saw how difficult life was to make ends meet on day-to-day basis. I know what it means to be ignored, exploited and denied. Life was full of hardships while growing up.
I have seen the both sides. I have seen success but experienced failures, hard-work and hardships as well.
So, from bigger perspective, I truly appreciate what US offered to me.
I will remain grateful for that.
We know that the new gig economy is here to stay. Internet and social media has created a level playing field.
Internet and social media have shattered the traditional norms and barriers of "in order to be successful, you need to be of certain gender, exhibit certain personality traits, originate from specific geography or you need to be of specific race etc".
No more we have excuse not to succeed.
We are living in one of the greatest times in the history and have an awesome privilege of creating our own future, inculcating positive changes, no matter where we live.
Just the way, every country has her story based on the struggles, the wars, the triumphs and the victories it goes through, we have our personal stories and experiences that have shaped our lives.
We have our own stories experiencing our inner daemons, facing the struggles, going on a journey, overcoming the challenges and achieving personal victories.
Sometimes, we have a tendency to discount all these things. Don't!
Each of us possess unique strengths, have certain assets and passions that can separate us from the others. If combined and channelized correctly, it can transform itself into something beautiful.
1)Success Trap- We set milestones, go through the struggles and achieve success. We start to enjoy our success and it leads to complacency because of further inaction. We feel content with where we are and what we have achieved. Rather, the key is to look at the success as a journey.
2)Failure Trap- We get excited and start a new gig for the first time. We try couple of times but fail. It starts to enforce the negative beliefs and we lose confidence. The key here is to remain persistent, studying or seeking help from the successful people so that they can proactively pinpoint the hurdles. Your chances of success will be lot higher.
3)Internalization trap- We know we possess unique strengths and we know we have certain passion that can separate us from the others. If combined and channelized correctly, it can transform itself into something beautiful. But we never dare to expose ourselves. We know, deep inside our hearts, that we can deliver meaningful transformations in other peoples' lives and businesses. But we never take action.
Let's not remain prisoner of our own thoughts. Let the world hear your stories, your struggles, your transformations and your victories. Let the world hear it. Don't internalize it.
That is my message to you.
Whether you find yourself in a success trap, failure trap or internalization trap the key remains is to set ourselves free.
What better day is to deliver this message other than 4th July ?
Let me know what has been your experiences like in terms of success trap, failure trap and internalization trap?
May your 4th July be filled with good friends, grateful thoughts, delectable food and fun times. Wishing you, your family and the loved ones Happy Independence Day!