Must've been about 6 years old.
You told me I could be anything.
Maybe I would even win the gold or rule the world.
Then it was graduation day.
You wanted me to be like you.
Put your damn guitar away don't be a fool.
I don't have a fear of failing, I've gotta know I tried.
When I stand my ground you laugh at me.
and tell me who I'll never be.
You only built me up to tear me down.
You cut me deep with disbelief and razors of reality.
So I'll just keep my head in the clouds, Standing my Ground.
You said I swept you off your feet.
With every song I sang to you.
You said that you believed in me, I wish that were true.When we talked about a wedding date.
You said my adolescent dream was through.
Put you damn guitar away and go back to school.
I can't live your 9 to 5.. I've gotta roll the dice.
Won't count down every working day until I die.
I don't want to live a life that I regret.
I won't forget who I am.
Don't want to say \"What If?\" when I look back.
When I stand my ground you laugh me.
You cut my deep with disbelief and razors of reality.
Must've been 6 years old.


Monday's summit between President Obama and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu largely ignored the foundering Middle East peace process. Palestinian leaders are refusing to revive formal negotiations as long as Israel continues building settlements in the occupied West Bank. Much of the international community considers the settlements illegal, but those settlements have some fervent supporters from the U.S., evangelical Christians.
NPR's Lourdes Garcia-Navarro visited one settlement where evangelicals are helping Israeli Jews tend their vineyards.
LOURDES GARCIA-NAVARRO, BYLINE: It's wet and windy day in Shilo, a Jewish settlement in the central part of the West Bank where about 10,000 Jews now live. The Christian volunteers stomp in with their heavy mud splattered boots and North Face raingear. It's been a tough morning pruning the vines, a winter storm has been beating down on the hills.
TOMMY WALLER: We don't bring people here that are expecting mud baths and skin treatments and things like that. You know, we're kind of rough guys, nice guys; a lot of us are, you know, rednecks from the South wanting to do a good thing and to help people.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: That's 50-year-old Tommy Waller from Franklin, Tennessee. He's a big guy with a big smile and a long prophet's beard. Waller founded Ha Yovel, a non-profit group that brings Christians to what his website says is quote, "the mountains of Israel, where prophesy meets reality."
Of course, the problem is that the world doesn't recognize where we're standing as Israel. Most of the international community views the Jewish settlements in the West Bank as illegal.
The volunteers who pay for their tickets and their expenses to come here mostly work in the many wineries in the settlements for about six weeks at a time. Hundreds take part every year. It's a kind of a work-state program with a spiritual purpose.
WALLER: We take the bible and we look at those things and we see that one of the exciting things for us is that the prophecies of Scripture are being fulfilled.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: Many evangelical Christians believe that the end of days and the coming of the messiah will center around Israel. And they interpret the foundation of the Jewish state as biblical prophecy becoming reality. It's a hugely emotional issue for the Christians who come here. They believe it is their duty to help Jews expand their control over Judea and Samaria, the biblical term for what is now the occupied West Bank.
Mike Clayton is a former preacher from Seminole, Oklahoma, who's working on the vineyards through the Ha Yovel program.
MIKE CLAYTON: Isaiah 61:5: The son of the foreigner will come and tend your vines. A few days ago, myself and my son got off a plane and I got to watch as I handed my son - sorry. I handed my son a pair of pruners and he fulfilled Scripture. Is the bible true? Is all this happening? I saw it with my own eyes.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: For the settlers, though, the presence of the Christian workers has more practical applications.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: Veret Ben Sadon helps run the Tura Winery.
SADON: Today we have more than 200 acres. It's a lot of agriculture. It take a lot of work and we saw that we cannot work alone. And I can say for sure that without his help, we cannot do what we are doing today.
SADON: We believe that a lot of them are our enemies and we don't want to give them work. We prefer to give work to our friends and our neighbors, and that's what we are doing.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: The Palestinian Authority does discourage Palestinians from working in the settlements, though many of them do.
Christian volunteers also give the settlers a political advantage in what has become a key battleground in the settlement issue: the United States.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: Back in the meeting hall, Yisrael Medad jokes around with his Christian guests. He's a spokesman for the Shilo settlement and he gives them an unambiguous message.
MEDAD: I would hope that each one of you could write a personal letter to any or all of your elected officials.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: Over the years, that call to activism has paid off, with many Christian groups in the U.S. providing not only political but financial support for the settlements in the West Bank. When members of the Ha Yovel group aren't here, they're on the road in the U.S. speaking at churches and community centers.
Medad says it's vital support.
GARCIA-NAVARRO: Lourdes Garcia-Navarro NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
"Sometimes a Great Notion" is the eleventh episode in the fourth season of the reimagined Battlestar Galactica. It aired on television on Sci Fi and Space in the United States and Canada respectively on January 16, 2009 and on Sky One in the United Kingdom on January 20, 2009. This episode is the first after the mid-season finale of the fourth season ("Revelations"), which aired in June 2008. The episode title is a reference to the novel of the same name, written by Ken Kesey. The episode was also the last to be written before the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. It received a Nielsen rating of 1.6 and was received positively throughout.

The episode continues from "Revelations", where both the colonial fleet and the rebel Cylons finally found Earth, only to find it devastated by a nuclear holocaust at least 2,000 years before, and the discovery leads to despair all across the fleet. The episode was not given an opening title sequence, but the survivor count for the episode was 39,651.

Plot
Both the Human fleet and the rebel Cylons are disillusioned after finding Earth devastated by a nuclear holocaust, which occurred at least 2,000 years before the events of the episode. The Cylons and Dr. Baltar (James Callis) conclude that bodies they exhume are not human, but Cylon. The rebel Cylons say the mechanical Cylon remains resemble older Centurions of theirs, but are of a kind unknown to them. They postulate that the thirteenth tribe consisted of a different kind of Cylon which existed over 2,000 years ago and moved from Kobol to populate that planet, calling it Earth. Admiral Adama (Edward James Olmos) withholds this theory when he addresses the fleet, leaving them to believe that the thirteenth tribe was human. Meanwhile, Samuel Anders (Michael Trucco), Galen Tyrol (Aaron Douglas) and Tory Foster (Rekha Sharma) receive memories showing they had lived and died on Earth 2,000 years ago. Kara Thrace (Katee Sackhoff) has Leoben (Callum Keith Rennie) help track the origins of the beacon. However, what they find is a crashed Colonial Viper, containing a corpse with Starbuck's dog tags. After Kara recites what the Hybrid has told her, a shaken Leoben retreats, with Thrace wondering what she is. In shock, Thrace takes the body and burns it on a pyre, and decides to not tell anyone about what she found, making people believe she lost the signal.

In the fleet, President Roslin (Mary McDonnell) burns her book of Pythia, and is unable to address the fleet, feeling discouraged she led the fleet to their doom, believing the prophecy a false lost cause. Lee Adama (Jamie Bamber) and Anastasia Dualla (Kandyse McClure) revisit their relationship, and after their nostalgic evening together, Dualla returns to her quarters feeling more joyful than she had in months, then with a smile promptly commits suicide with a shot to the head. Devastated by this, Admiral Adama acquires a handgun from a marine and attempts to goad Tigh (Michael Hogan) into killing him. After Tigh refuses, a dejected Adama reminisces about past memories. Tigh reminds Adama of his duties as commander of the fleet. Adama eventually steps back into the CIC, and announces that he will find a home for the fleet, orders a search for nearby habitable star systems, and invites their new Cylon allies to join them. As the fleet prepares to leave Earth, which is determined to be uninhabitable, D'Anna (Lucy Lawless), devastated by the knowledge that history repeats itself, decides to "get off the merry-go-round" and remain on Earth to die, rather than being hunted by Cavil.

Tigh walks into the sea and receives a flashback of his life on Earth. In the vision, Tigh sees his wife Ellen (Kate Vernon) during the destruction of the planet. Ellen reassures him that "everything is in place" and they will be "reborn, again, together." Shocked, Tigh realizes that Ellen is the final member of the Final Five.

Production

Writing
This episode was written back-to-back with the Season 4.0 episode, "Revelations." According to co-writer David Weddle, the title of episode was chosen as co-writers David Weddle and Bradley Thompson outlined their story for the producers. The title is taken from the Ken Kesey novel, Sometimes a Great Notion. The book is one of Weddle's favorites. While writing the novel, Kesey made notes in which he urged himself to make the novel's protagonist quit living, and this became the theme of this episode as well. Weddle said that he and the other writers were inspired by the idea of taking a strong, heroic character and piling misfortunes on him or her until finally the character breaks: What happens in that moment?  Does he despair?  Does he get up and go on? For me, there is no more defining moment for a character. We tried to do this with almost all the characters in this episode: [Adama], Laura, Kara, Lee. We ripped everything out from under them then sat back to see what they would do. What were their individual breaking points? And if they did break, would they stay broken or grope toward a recovery?

The "fox in the river" story told by Admiral Adama comes from the novel, and also from real-life incidents with wildlife swimming out to sea near Weddle's home in Malibu, California.

The decision to have Lt. Dualla commit suicide in this episode was made after the writing staff felt there had to be fallout from discovering that Earth was a nuclear ruin. Moore explained:
There had to be a cost. There had to be a price somebody paid for that discovery. Not everybody could take that. Not everyone could just say, "OK, that didn't work out, let's go on to next week's episode." It felt like somebody would just say, "No, I'm done. I just want to find a little moment of time where I can feel good about myself one last time, then I'm finished with this long nightmare." And that seemed like that would be Dualla.
Dualla fit this best because she had lost two men whom she loved, and all she had left was the hope of finding Earth. Moore also came up with the idea that Dualla's suicide was actually an act of hope and control, not despair.

Although the network had concerns that the script was too depressing, Moore successfully defended the writing by saying that it might be the last episode of the series and that viewers who had stuck with the show for three and a half seasons would not be put off by yet another "dark" episode. Writers Weddle and Thompson considered giving the characters some leeway in interpreting what they had found.  Among the options debated were giving the fleet some hope that Earth might be some other planet, allowing a character to discover a new part of the Prophecy of Pythia, giving one of the characters a vision of an Earth-like planet, and placing a clue in the ruins that would direct the fleet to yet another planet. All were rejected.

Weddle and Thompson also worked extensively on the scene in which Admiral Adama tries to provoke Col. Tigh into killing him.  Moore encouraged Weddle and Thompson to give the Adama character progressively crueler lines. The writers were the ones who inserted the line in the script in which Adama mentions Ellen Tigh's sexual infidelity. On the set, however, actor Edward James Olmos changed the line from Adama saying Ellen wanted a man with "real blood in his veins" to "main vein," then ad-libbed the line in which the character said, "I could smell her." The scenes where Dualla finds the set of jacks and where Laura Roslin holds the plant cutting were added by director Michael Nankin. Weddle notes that although Nankin usually peppers his writers with script notes, he did not do so for this script.

Cost estimates indicated that the script, as originally written, would be $300,000 over budget (about two-and-a-half times what the studio would have permitted) and a number of scenes were cut.  An extensive opening segment which would have depicted the destruction of Earth was changed to the filmed segment in which Tyrol sees a flash of light and his shadow is left on a wall. However, Nankin restored the scene in which Helo, Dualla, Adama and Roslin ride back to Galactica in the Raptor.

The Fifth Cylon

According to showrunner Ronald D. Moore, the concept of Ellen and Saul Tigh's relationship being more than an average husband-and-wife relationship went back to the pilot mini-series for Battlestar Galactica but was not made part of the story arc for the two characters until the middle of Season 3. As writing progressed on the episode "Torn," the writing staff needed to explain why Baltar would not see all 12 Cylon models aboard the base star. Moore came up with the concept of five Cylon models that had yet to be revealed. Later, during writing sessions for the episode "Rapture," D'Anna Biers has a vision in which she confronts the Final Five Cylons in the opera house, and apologizes to one of them. Although Moore and the writing team had yet to formally settle on Ellen Tigh as one of the Final Five, Moore says it was his intention for the Cylon to be Ellen. When one of the final four Cylons was revealed to be Saul Tigh in the episode "Crossroads," Moore finally decided to make Ellen the fifth Cylon because "Tigh being revealed as a Cylon was such a profound shift in that character, such a big leap for the show, that it felt really natural that she was also a Cylon."

A clue to the final Cylon's identity was inserted into several episodes, when Col. Tigh sees Ellen's face on the Number Six model. Moore's decision was revealed to the writing team at series writers' conference which occurred between Season 3 and Season 4. Other characters were considered as the final Cylon model, but the writing staff agreed none had the same resonance as Ellen Tigh. The decision to reveal Ellen Tigh's true identity in "Sometimes A Great Notion" was made because Moore did not want Season 4.5 to devolve into a guessing game about who the final Cylon might be, and because he wanted the final episode of the series to be about issues other than who the final Cylon was.

Writers' strike
The script for "Sometimes A Great Notion" was the only script finished by the time the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike began. Revised script pages were turned in the day before the strike. Moore decided that the crew should proceed as if shooting would be green-lit, and flew to Vancouver, British Columbia, to speak to the cast and crew before the strike began. The strike proved so vexing that the studio did not give approval for shooting to occur until the night before it was to begin.

The cast and crew were very emotional during filming, as they were concerned that this might be the last episode ever filmed and the series cancelled if the strike was a lengthy one.  Olmos helped to work up the cast's emotions for the shoot by telling everyone that the show was ending.  According to co-writer Weddle, Olmos repeatedly told the cast, "This is the end, I think we all feel that.  They're not going to bring the show back.  They'll pull the sets down.  We'll never shoot another episode." Actress Kandyse McClure improvised the lullaby her character hums before committing suicide, and series composer Bear McCreary used the melody for part of the episode's musical soundtrack.

Filming
The producers intended for this episode to be the last to star Lucy Lawless, who portrayed Number Three. They only had Lawless for one day during the filming of the episode. Most of the Earth scenes were shot on and around Centennial Beach, in Tsawwassen, British Columbia. Two days before the shoot much of the location set was destroyed by a rain storm with  winds, but the art department crew repaired it in time for the shoot to occur on schedule.

The final shots for the episode "Revelations" were filmed in the three hours immediately preceding the shooting of the beach scenes for "Sometimes A Great Notion." Director Michael Rymer, who helmed "Revelations," and Nankin agreed that all Earth sequences should be reminiscent of the work of film director Ingmar Bergman, so wide camera lenses were used, the color was desaturated, and long rather than short takes were used.

The scene in which Adama goads Tigh was scheduled to last a day. Originally the segment was to be shot in small bits and flashbacks edited between each line, but the scene was instead shot as one long take. Actors Olmos and Michael Hogan struggled for several hours to find the right emotional tone. Moore said that the audience should accept the irradiated planet as Earth. "They have found Earth. This is the Earth that the 13th Colony discovered, they christened it Earth. They found Earth."

Reception
"Sometimes a Great Notion" was seen by 2.1 million total viewers in the U.S, earning the episode a 1.6 household rating. This included 1.3 million adults age 18-to-49 (the show's target demographic), and 1.4 million adults age 25-to-54. The episode was the top cable program in the 10 p.m. slot among men age 18-to-49 and men age 25-to-54 the night it premiered. The ratings for the episode increased 23 percent over the Season 4.0 average in household ratings and total viewers, increased 21 percent over the same period for adults age 18-to-49, and increased 15 percent over the same period for adults age 25-to-54. According to Nielsen live-plus-seven-day ratings data,  an additional 0.7 million  viewers watched the episode via time-shifted digital video recorder, a 32 percent increase over the day-of-delivery airing. Time-shifted viewing added 540,000 adults aged 18-to-49 (a 38 percent increase over same-day numbers) and 500,000 viewers aged 25-to-54 (a 35 percent rise).

Eric Goldman of IGN gave "Sometimes a Great Notion" an "incredible" rating of 9.5 out of 10. The reviewer quoted the episode as "stronger and sadder than ever," and was executed "extremely well." Goldman felt that the episode did not back down from the deeply powerful storylines from the past, and praised the emotions of the fleet after finding Earth in ruins. The Guardian received the episode positively, stating how many events happened during the course of the episode, and felt that the episode played fair with its audience, despite the number of new questions being addressed. It was anticipated that Dualla would play a big part in the episode after her appearance from the cold open. Her suicide was compared with Boomer shooting Adama in the closing scene of season 1 in a dramatical sense. The Guardian also praised the performance between Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell's characters, as well as the standoff between Adama and Tigh.

Matt Norris of Cinema Blend stated that most of the events portrayed in the episode were unexpected, including Dualla's suicide, Starbuck finding her own supposed body, discovering the thirteenth tribe were Cylons, and that Ellen Tigh is the final model, but still thought the episode was among the top five Battlestar Galactica episodes in its run. Marc Bernardin of Entertainment Weekly stated that a lot had been going on in the episode, but criticised the writers' decision of having Ellen as the fifth Cylon. While Dualla's suicide was surprising for Bernardin, he was critical about the Adama scene after her suicide, stating it as "some of Olmos' worst acting in the series", and that the answered questions for the episode raised more questions, but felt the episode was good overall. Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger commented: "What really grabs me about the show (as I discussed in today's column) is its humanity, the way its characters react to situations the way you imagine real, contemporary people might" and felt that "as the stakes for the characters has risen, so has the intensity of [the actors'] performances," with even the extras in character. Maureen Ryan of the Chicago Tribune praised Nankin's directing, particularly "the moment in which we see Kara Thrace, silhouetted in black against a dark blue sky, preparing to burn "her" body—that's sent a shiver down my spine. That was just such a beautifully operatic image, spot-on in tone and perfectly executed."

References

External links
 Sometimes a Great Notion at Battlestar Wiki
 "Sometimes a Great Notion" at Syfy

2009 American television episodes
Battlestar Galactica (season 4) episodes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
BOOKS | SERIES
THE FRIESSEN LEGACY SERIES
THE PARKER SISTERS
THE WILDE BROTHERS
THE MCCABE BROTHERS SERIES
THE SAVED SERIES
MARRIED IN MONTANA
KATE & WALKER
WALK THE RIGHT ROAD SERIES
FOREIGN TRANSLATIONS
FREE eBOOKS, SWAG & MUCH MORE
/ Catch a sneak peek of upcoming Friessens release LONG PAST DAWN!
a couple of months ago
in New Release
Catch a sneak peek of upcoming Friessens release LONG PAST DAWN!
JUST TWO DAYS UNTIL RELEASE DAY! The newest addition to The Friessens big family romance is coming soon, but you can grab a sneak peek of LONG PAST DAWN today!
Two years ago, Sara Friessen's life was changed forever when a young man from the wrong side of the tracks saved her from a brutal assault. To her, he is brilliant, her savior, the man she plans to marry and spend her life with, the only man she has ever given a piece of her heart.
But to Devon Reed, Sara is the girl he shouldn't love. No matter how much he tries, Devon, now a young law student, believes he isn't the kind of guy who should be with the daughter of Andy Friessen.
As he sets out to find justice for a mother who abandoned him when he was a child, struggling to undo a wrong and set the record straight, his life begins to unravel, and he finds more questions than answers. The ultimate cost could be his relationship with Sara, the love they have, and the future they planned together, which seems to be slipping away.
LONG PAST DAWN (The Friessens, Book 31) is available for pre-sale at:
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Devon was late again.
Sara stared at her cell phone and the third text she'd sent, which he had yet to answer. "Glad that I rate so highly, Devon," she muttered and tossed her phone onto the counter between the fridge and stove.
She heard a key in the door and lifted her gaze from where she stood in the dated galley kitchen, both hopeful and angry at having been taken for granted. She took in the overcooked porkchops in the skillet on the older yellow stove and the pot of potatoes she knew were only lukewarm, thinking of the salad she hadn't bothered to make.
"Devon, it's after seven, and I'd appreciate…" She stopped talking. It was Anton, Devon's brother, wearing a bulky black hoodie, perpetually pissed off. Her heart sank.
"Sorry, babe, just me," he said. "So that answers my question. Guess Devon isn't home." He pocketed his keys as he swaggered in, and she had to remind herself why she needed to be civil to him.
"I'm not your babe, Anton. I have a name. I'm your brother's girlfriend. Some respect would be nice."
He didn't bother to look her way as he brushed past her to the dated fridge, also godawful yellow but a different shade than the stove, and reached in to grab a beer. He twisted off the cap and tossed it into the sink, where it landed in a cup with a clang. There it was, the disrespect again, considering she was the only one who cleaned this older two-bedroom apartment.
"Point taken," was all he said. Yup, he still didn't like her, but then, the feeling was mutual.
She just stared at his back as he strode to the sofa, lifted the remote to the large TV, which took up a good portion of the tiny apartment, and belched. He lowered his large frame and made himself comfortable.
"That dinner you made smells good," he said.
She rested a cookie sheet over the chops to try to keep them warm, and she again had to remind herself to answer Devon's brother politely. She wished he'd take the hint and move out instead of continuing to make her feel as if she were the interloper, the one who didn't belong.
"Yup, help yourself," she said, taking in the pot of mashed potatoes, as well, and the green beans in the oven. Last she'd looked, they were wilted and overdone.
"Don't mind if I do," he said, bumping past her, and she had to press her hand to the counter as he reached above her head to the cupboard and pulled out a plate for himself.
She stepped out of the kitchen. The dated dining table was now free of its usual clutter—cards, keys, cartons, junk, everything that seemed to be dumped there instead of put away. Anton was pulling the green beans from the oven and dishing up a heaping plate, forking not two but three porkchops, then seemed to hesitate.
"Ah, there's only two left…" He gestured with his fork, and she just lifted her hand, surprised he'd bothered to ask.
"Take them, it's fine," she replied. "As you said, Devon's not here. If he can't at least give me a call and a heads-up that he's going to be late, then he can't expect me to keep dinner warm. Soon it'll be completely inedible, unless overcooked and tasteless is your thing…"
She realized Anton wasn't even listening. He grabbed a second beer and headed back to the living room, to his spot in the middle of the sofa, where he lifted the remote and turned on some epic videogame battle.
"Then stop cooking for him," he said. "Seriously, although it works for me, I can't believe you're in there, cooking. He's busy, you know, being a law student, interning, and trying to make a difference. His head's elsewhere, you know, with more important things. It's as if you expect him to do a nine to five and then come home to you. It's not all about you there, babe. You can't expect him to drop everything—"
"And come home for dinner because he said he would? You mean I can't expect him to keep his word and actually show up, because that's what you do when you're in a relationship? I said I was cooking dinner, and he said yes, he'd be here."
Anton shoved the potatoes and beans in his mouth around a hunk of porkchop. He was shaking his head and jabbed his knife her way. "You know what, Sara? I'm tired of hearing you complain about it. If you don't like his hours, then leave."
Was he serious? She pulled her arms over her chest, taking a second to push up the sleeves of her dark blue T-shirt. Her feet were in socks, and her jeans hung low and loose on her hips. She fisted her hands, reminding herself again that Anton was Devon's only brother.
"You want me to move out?" she stated.
This time, he froze with the fork to his mouth before shoveling in more of the dinner she had cooked, and he pulled his dark gaze from the TV over to her, allowing it to scrape down her body before landing on her feet. She hated when he did that. That one look told her what he really thought of who she was.
"That's totally your choice. Far be it from me to tell you what to do. But then think of how we'd miss doing this, me listening to you complain and such. Yeah, I imagine the peace and quiet may be kind of overwhelming, and I wouldn't have to deal with all those girly products in my bathroom. Let me think about that." He paused for a second, and she was too stunned at his arrogance to say anything. "Hell, yeah! Please leave."
She pressed her lips together and nodded, gripping her arms. "You know what? I have a better idea. Since I'm Devon's girlfriend and he's the one who wants me here with him, and there are two of us and only one of you, how about you move out?" She circled her finger toward the door.
He laughed as he scooped up another huge forkful and shoved it in his mouth. "Nope, this is my place, and in case you forgot, my name's on the lease," he said as he chewed. Sometimes Anton's manners rivalled that of a barn animal. She watched him slice a huge piece of pork, look at it, and then drag his gaze back over to her. "Sounds to me as if you're trying to come between me and Devon."
The way he said it had her walking back into the galley kitchen and taking in the mess from dinner, then walking right back out again. "No, Anton, I just want some respect. I think I deserve it, and seriously, you think I don't know you don't like me and have no use for me? You make your point every day, but you know what? I live here too, and I don't want to watch you taking over the living room and the TV every night with your video games. Shut it down now, and for that matter, since I do all the cooking here and you seem to have no problem eating everything I cook, you can clean up. I'm not your maid, yet I'm the only one picking up things, vacuuming, cleaning, washing the floors. I swear, before I moved in, I don't think you and Devon ever cleaned."
She didn't think she'd ever seen shock on his face. Then he started laughing. "Hey, there should be some benefit to having you here…"
"You chauvinistic a-hole…" she growled, hearing a key in the door but not turning to it, fighting the urge to wrap her hands around Anton's thick neck and squeeze. But she couldn't do that.
He was laughing again, her food still in his mouth. "A-hole? Is that the best you've got?"
She was already walking over to the TV. He had the remote on the sofa beside him, so she reached around and pulled the cord from the wall to unplug it. His expression was priceless, and she was still holding the cord as Devon walked in, wearing a white dress shirt and navy suit, his tie pulled loose, a second-hand briefcase tucked under his arm.
His heavy gaze landed on her and the cord. "And what's going on here?" he said.
"I can't believe you did that, you fucking little troublemaker!" Anton snapped, not pulling his gaze from her. Mad was mad, and Anton had a way of looking at her when he was angry that would've made a sane person think twice about provoking him.
"Hey!" Devon shouted, turning to his brother. "Don't you dare talk to my girl like that—and you, what the hell are you doing?" He was already walking toward her, his hand out as he gestured to the cord.
She dropped it to the floor and stepped away. "Trying for a little peace around here. Seriously, Devon, your brother's on that TV the minute he walks through the door. Just this morning, Mr. Lewis from 7B commented on the noise from video games until all hours. It's waking him up and keeping him awake."
He hadn't, really. In fact, when she'd brought it up, he'd said it wasn't really a big deal. She felt her cheeks warm, and she stepped around Devon into the kitchen when he didn't touch her. She didn't hear what he said to his brother, but the next thing she heard was Anton's footsteps and the door to his bedroom closing.
Devon appeared in the doorway to the kitchen as she took in what should have been dinner. "Do you think you could try to get along with my brother?" he said, his hand on the frame of the door. She didn't miss the way he stared down at the potatoes in the pot, the wilted green beans, and the two dry porkchops in the frying pan. Everything was cold.
"I've tried, Devon, but it's not all on me. He doesn't want me here and makes no secret of it, the way he talks to me, treats me, and…"
He was right in her space, his hands on her arms. "I want you here. What Anton wants doesn't enter into the equation. It's you and me, remember?"
He leaned down and kissed her, and she went on her tiptoes, feeling his hands slide around her and over her ass, pulling her closer. She tasted his coffee, his day, and she pulled back, still in his arms. He took in dinner on the stove.
"It's cold, you know," she said.
He pulled in a breath, "Sorry, something came up."
Something always came up. This time, when his brooding gaze fell on her, she saw that something hadn't gone right. Devon didn't share everything. No, scratch that. He was as closed off as every male she'd ever known—her father, her brothers. Then there was his mother's case, which she knew had taken up his entire focus and made him change course, studying to become a lawyer.
He said nothing more as he stepped back, reached into the frying pan, and lifted a porkchop to take a bite. She knew she'd have to wait all day for him to say something. He was a man stuck in his head.
"It's fine," he said. "Thanks for cooking."
She blinked, realizing he was talking about the dinner, which she'd wanted to be special. He took another bite before dropping the chop back in the frying pan and reaching for a towel hanging by the sink to wipe his hands.
"It's not fine," she said. "So how about you tell me about your day and what's really going on? I can always tell by that look. Is it your mom's case or something else?"
There it was, the pull of his lips that hinted at a smile. He gave her all of his hard gaze, and just the way he looked at her, she felt as if he could see everything, even the things she showed no one, the private, personal side of herself that she didn't let others have. She also knew she was one of the few people that Devon, who wrote the book on being closed off, actually let in.
"Shows, huh?" He shook his head, and she waited. "It was just one of those days, those shitty days where all the work I've done appears to be a waste of time. The piles of casework, paperwork, filings…and you know what I did for the last two hours of my day?"
She just stared at him with a sick feeling in her stomach. She knew how hard he worked. She shook her head.
"I packed up the files, put everything in boxes, and carried it all to the storage room, where it'll go with all the other closed cases. My boss said it was dead in the water, no more appeals, and the parole board isn't going to hear her now. I was told they have no more time to put into my mother's case."
She didn't know what to say, fearing saying the wrong thing. "So now what?"
Devon shrugged, pushed away from the counter, and stepped around her, not touching her although she was so close. "I'm going to take a shower and then hit the books."
That was it. She stared in shock at his back as he walked out of the kitchen, and she listened to the bathroom door close, feeling completely shut out and at a loss of what to say. This was the one thing she'd never expected from Devon, for him to simply give up and walk away.
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Q: I burned my vacation photos to a DVD, then played the disc through a DVD player on my HDTV, but the resolution looked far inferior to the same photos on my computer screen. Why is this?
A: The native resolution of the DVD format is 720 by 480 pixels (at least in the States), whereas megapixel cameras produce photos at many times that resolution. Many programs, such as Windows XP's Movie Maker and Macintosh iPhoto/iDVD, burn photos to DVDs as slide shows that are inherently restricted to the resolution of the DVD. Your computer, on the other hand, is displaying the JPEG or TIFF data files at the resolution you took them on a screen that is equivalent to or better than your HDTV.
You could save your images in their original resolution as data files on your DVD, but not all DVD players can read those data files, and fewer still have outputs that are high-resolution enough to take advantage of the number of pixels on your HDTV. Your best bet may be to plug your camera right into your television. HDTVs from manufacturers such as Panasonic and LG have card readers and USB ports built in that will display pictures at the full resolution of your set.
Some programs, such as Apple's iDVD, restrict the resolution of photo slide shows to the maximum resolution of a conventional DVD player.


It was launched a few years back, in 2007, and it's been having a staggering rise to stardom ever since.
And if you haven't been thinking about how to effectively add Tumblr to your marketing efforts, you could really be missing out.
See, the great thing about Tumblr is how easy it makes it to share your content with both Tumblr and non-Tumbler users – so you can get a big audience without having to spend a ton of money on marketing.
Of course, before we get into the why and how of doing things on Tumblr… keep in mind that not every brand belongs on Tumblr.
Tumblr's a little different from the other social media platforms in that it allows you the ability to be more visual and less verbose.
That means it's perfect for sharing short bursts of content like photos, charts, quotes and videos. Long posts are also okay, but not too often.
The three blog categories that work better than others on Tumblr are fashion, large websites and publishing/broadcast media.
Tumblr may not have been what you were looking for when you first got started on social media, but it's evolved into a blogging solution where you can create engaging and diverse posts in much less time than other platforms, while taking advantage of the social networking stuff it offers as well.
One thing to remember – Tumblr is all about content.
Think of it as a virtual display case, or an ever-expanding catalogue of visual art.
It's all about showcasing and sharing content. Tumblr users will know good photos, GIFs and blog posts when they see them, so if you master the platform to ensure that your branded work is what they're looking for, then they'll broadcast your content far and wide for you.
1. Pick the best format.
On Tumblr, photos are the most popular content, followed by animated GIFs, text and video. Audio is also getting to be big.
Content marketers need to take note of this information and use it to make wise choices about the content they promote.
If it's a choice between a branded photo and a video, you could consider posting the photo to Tumblr, and using the video somewhere else.
You could also recycle content you already have into something that Tumblr users will identify with, like compiling frames from a video into a GIF.
Consider which content formats your Tumblr followers are most likely to engage with and share.
Following your fans is an important courtesy on Tumblr that shows that your brand is listening and appreciates what they have to say.
Some brands don't do this, and that's a mistake.
Tumblr's not like Twitter, because it doesn't display following counts (though you can choose to publicize this is you want).
So there's no need to worry about suspicious-looking follow and follow-back numbers.
By following your fans, you'll get to know them, and can expose yourself to their content… and even share their content, which might be useful for your content strategy.
3. News? Not on Tumblr.
On Tumblr, your posts need to have a long shelf life.
News doesn't do very well on a site like this.
You can of course mix up your content, and there's no harm in having a long post once in a while. Create some guides, how-to posts, and lists.
Whatever you decide to post, remember that it's best to go with posts that are evergreen.
Unlike search engines, Tumblr relies on tags, not keywords.
You need to choose tags that explain and categorize the content you create.
The optimum number of tags is between 7 and 12, so it won't look like spam. It'll also help your post to be found in more searches – and that's the whole idea, you want to end up in as many searches as possible.
Choose relevant tags – if you create niche content, then use niche tags to categorize your content.
You won't be able to create a following on Tumblr if you treat it like a marketing dumping ground.
There are sites like LinkedIn or Twitter for business networking, but Tumblr is geared to the creative side of business.
Tumblr users will be suspicious of marketing ploys – so if you go in with a heavy marketing approach, you won't be able to grow.
Instead, figure out what your target audience will respond to and give it to them.


text:
School of Rock opens Saturday with festivities
By Newsroom ⋅ October 26, 2016 ⋅ Post a comment
School of Rock officially opens Saturday at 21112 Catawba Ave., next to Cornelius Elementary School, with a grand opening event complete with live music, open jams, refreshments and, naturally, a guitar smashing.
Tours and trial lessons get under way at 2 pm, with live music and open jams starting at 3 pm. There will be food and beverages all day and a raffle at 5 pm.
School of Rock franchisee Shawn Garrity said this is his dream job. "I have loved music since I was a kid, and I wish I had something like it when I was younger," he said.
School of Rock provides a healthy outlet for students to play music and make friends, "something I lacked when I was their age," Garrity said.
"We are ready to get involved with the Cornelius community and anticipate a great relationship as we grow together," he said.
More info: www.schoolofrock.com.


text:
Geografie
Das Pfarrdorf Ludenhausen ist ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Reichling und liegt circa drei Kilometer östlich von Reichling.

Inmitten des Pfarrdorfes befindet sich die Kirche St. Peter und Paul, die 1842 bis auf Chor und Turm abgebrochen und neu aufgebaut wurde. Bereits 1874 baute man die Kirche erneut um.

Geschichte
Ludenhausen wurde erstmals im Jahr 804 als "Hludinhusir" in einer Urkunde des Hochstiftes Freising erwähnt.

Im 13. Jahrhundert wurde Ludenhausen Teil des Landgerichtes Landsberg.

Das Pfarrdorf gehörte zur Klosterhofmark Wessobrunn, 1752 werden 25 Anwesen erwähnt. Die Pfarrkirche war damals dem Domkapitel Augsburg inkorporiert.

Im Zuge der Verwaltungsreformen in Bayern entstand mit dem zweiten Gemeindeedikt von 1818 die Gemeinde Ludenhausen, die ab der Trennung von Justiz und Verwaltung im Jahr 1862 dem Bezirksamt Landsberg zugeordnet wurde.

Am 1. Juli 1972 wurde im Zuge der Landkreisreform die bis dahin selbstständige Gemeinde Ludenhausen nach Reichling eingegliedert.

Bodendenkmäler
Siehe: Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Reichling

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Landsberg am Lech)
Gemeindegründung 1818
Gemeindeauflösung 1972
Ort im Landkreis Landsberg am Lech
Reichling


Featherstone's Ian Hardman has been charged with striking. Picture: Bob Nunn.
Featherstone's Ian Hardman and Sheffield's Tony Tonks have been charged with offences committed during a second-half brawl in the Kingstone Press Championship match at Big Fellas Stadium on Easter Monday.
Tonks has been charged with Grade B striking on Hardman in the 65th minute.
Hardman has been charged with Grade A striking in the same incident.
Both players were sin-binned as a result of the flare-up in a match that Sheffield won 33-4.
Hardman has until 11am next Tuesday to submit an early guilty plea.
Tonks does not have the option of submitting an early guilty plea and will appear before an independent disciplinary tribunal next Tuesday evening.
Both players were charged after the incident was considered by the RFL Match Review Panel.
There were no other charges from Kingstone Press Championship or Kingstone Press League One fixtures played over the Easter Bank Holiday weekend.


The park is owned and managed by the NSW State Government. Inner West Council manages the Balmain Road and Glover Street sporting grounds only. For all other enquiries contact the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage.


PQ Lore: The Blighted Herd has come to Black Fire Pass bringing plague and pestilence in their wake. The spread of plague has led to the growth of other cults dedicated to the Father of Rot erupting among the population like boils on the skin of a plague victim. These cults eventually sought refuge in the forests when the servants of Sigmar began hunting them down. Together with the Blighted Herd they have cut a bloody, plague-infected swathe through the pass. Nothing stands in their way.


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Race and Class
The return of scientific racism
By Phil Gasper
Issue #110: Critical Thinking
In the era of Donald Trump, it is hardly a surprise that there has been a resurgence of so-called "scientific racism." The resurgence predates Trump's campaign for the presidency, but his election has given it a boost at the same time as it has given new confidence to white supremacists and the far right.1 In a recent article, the political scientist Edward Burmila argues, "Scientific Racism Isn't 'Back'—It Never Went Away."2 But while it is certainly true that these ideas have never disappeared entirely, even Burmila concedes that Trump's election has "emboldened" their proponents.
Attempts to use science (rather than religion or mere prejudice) to justify the claim that some groups are racially superior to others have existed since the eighteenth century. These ideas were discredited long ago, but because racial inequality has not disappeared, they regularly reappear in new variants and have to be refuted again . . . and again.3 Some hoped that the final death knell for scientific racism had been sounded with the completion of the Human Genome Project in June 2000, which showed that humans share 99.9 percent of their genes in common. Craig Venter, whose work on gene sequencing played a crucial role in mapping the human genome, announced at that time, "Race has no genetic or scientific basis."4 But because scientific racism is driven not by scientific evidence but by the racial animus of some and the unexamined assumptions of others, those hopes have not yet come to fruition.
The United States was founded on slavery and genocide, so racism and racist ideas were woven into the country's fabric from its beginning. Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence that "all men are created equal," but he was also a slave owner, and within a few years was justifying the institution as based on natural inequalities between the races. In Notes on the State of Virginia, written in the early 1780s, Jefferson describes Blacks as having "a very strong and disagreeable odor," claims that "they require less sleep," that "their griefs are transient," and that they are "in reason much inferior." With respect to the latter, Jefferson concludes that "it is not their condition then, but nature, which has produced the distinction." But Jefferson conducted no systematic research of his own. He noted that "further observation" and scientific investigation (including making use of the "anatomical knife") was needed to confirm his hypothesis and "to achieve certainty" in the matter.5
In the nineteenth century, leading American scientists eagerly undertook the investigation that Jefferson had proposed. Samuel George Morton, a physician and professor of anatomy in Philadelphia, spent years collecting and measuring skulls and claimed on the basis of his research that Caucasians had significantly larger brains—and hence were more intelligent— than Negroes, with Indians in the middle. After Morton's death in 1851, his work was continued by Josiah Nott and George Gliddon, who argued that the supposed differences showed that each race was in fact a distinct species (a view known as polygenism), created separately by God. After Darwin published The Origin of Species in 1859, the argument was reframed in evolutionary terms. The Harvard paleontologist Nathaniel Shaler, for example, argued that each race had evolved separately from different primates.
By the early twentieth century, polygenism was no longer a scientifically tenable position, but the view that the races were biologically distinct and that whites had superior characteristics, nevertheless persisted. With the invention of IQ tests at the turn of the century, the argument now took the form that the tests were a satisfactory measure of innate general intelligence, that some racial groups performed better on the tests than others, and that the best explanation for the differences was that the higher-scoring groups were genetically superior. Versions of this argument have been around ever since, even though it fails at nearly every step. The only thing that is true is that there are statistically significant differences between the average IQ scores of different racial groups. But there is no good reason to believe that IQ measures an innate, unchangeable intellectual capacity, or that differences between groups have a genetic explanation.
IQ tests were originally designed in 1904 by the French psychologist Alfred Binet, with the goal of identifying school children who were struggling and who could then be provided with special educational support to perform better. Binet designed a series of tasks that an average child of a certain age could be expected to perform. The mental age and chronological age of the children could then be compared, with the ratio of the two being their "intelligence quotient" or IQ. It became standard to multiply the ration by 100, so that a child whose mental age and chronological age were the same would have an IQ of 100. A child whose mental age was ahead of their chronological age would have an IQ of more than 100, and one whose chronological age was ahead of their mental age would have an IQ of less than 100. But Binet did not believe that the tests measured a characteristic that could not be changed—in fact the whole point of the tests was to provide appropriate assistance to children with below-average IQs in order to raise them. Nor did Binet believe that the tests should be taken as the definitive measure of a child's intelligence. "Intellectual qualities," he warned, "cannot be measured as linear surfaces are measured," and that inflating the importance of the tests "may give place to illusions."6
As soon as IQ tests crossed the Atlantic to the United States, the illusions became rampant. IQ was taken by American psychologists such as H. H. Goddard and Lewis Terman, who believed that intelligence was an inherited characteristic that could be little changed, and that the tests were an accurate measure of general intelligence. Both Goddard and Terman were supporters of the eugenics movement, which encouraged individuals with supposedly desirable characteristics to have children, while discouraging those with supposedly undesirable characteristics from reproducing, and their views on IQ tests were in line with this movement. Since intelligence was claimed to be fixed by a person's genetic inheritance, the goal of the tests was no longer to provide remedial support for improved academic performance, but to direct those with lower than average IQs into menial employment. According to Terman, an IQ of 75 or below fitted someone for unskilled labor, whereas 75–85 was appropriate for semi-skilled work. However, he warned that without appropriate vocational training, individuals in the 75–85 range would drop out of school "and drift easily into the ranks of the anti-social or join the army of Bolshevik discontents."7
But do IQ tests really measure general intelligence? One problem is that intelligence itself is not a well-defined concept. Many of the original tests were hopelessly culturally biased, but even if the most obvious biases are removed, Binet was surely right that the tests at best measure one aspect of what might reasonably be identified as intellectual ability. The contemporary Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner agrees with Binet and argues that intelligence has multiple dimensions. Gardner identifies nine kinds of intelligence, but one does not have to agree with the details of his theory to agree with his general point.8
Just as importantly, whatever IQ measures, it is not an immutable characteristic. In the 1980s, James R. Flynn called attention to the fact that in every country for which there are detailed records, IQ scores have been steadily rising since the early twentieth century—the so-called Flynn Effect.9 For instance, between 1942 and 2008, the average IQ of British children rose by 14 points. The increases were obscured because the tests are recalibrated every few years to keep the average at 100, but they indicate that the intellectual capacities being measured can be improved with changes in educational support and other aspects of the social environment. This conclusion is further supported by studies that show that individual IQ scores can be significantly increased with the right kind of practice, such as computer games that improve memory.
Scientific racists, from Goddard and Terman in the early twentieth century to Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, authors of The Bell Curve in the 1990s, to former New York Times science journalist Nicholas Wade more recently, compound the fallacious reasoning about intelligence with fallacious reasoning about race.10 They argue that differences in average IQ scores between different racial groups are largely due to genetic differences. No one can identify any specific genetic differences, so there is an appeal to indirect evidence, such as studies of identical twins raised separately since birth that supposedly show that there is a higher correlation between the IQ scores of the twins than between children who are not related. But even the best of these studies are methodologically dubious, because although the twins were raised separately, they were still generally raised in similar social environments. When identical twins were raised in households that differed in terms of educational background and social class, large differences in IQ scores were observed.11
Whatever the findings of twin studies, there is no reason to think that racial differences in IQ scores have a genetic explanation—in fact, quite the contrary.12 Even if the heritability of a characteristic is high, and even if there is a measurable difference in that characteristic between groups, it is fallacious to conclude that the difference is due to genetic differences between the groups. For example, height has a high degree of heritability—you are more likely to be tall if you have tall parents, and short if you have short parents. But if one group of individuals is on average taller than another, the difference may nevertheless be due entirely to environmental factors. Average height in many countries has increased over the past century. Norwegians born in 1900 were, on average, shorter than Norwegians born in 2000. But the explanation is not that there was a change in the gene pool. The increase is due to improved nutrition and health care.
IQ correlates highly with performance on academic achievement tests, and there is a Black-white gap between achievement test results for reading and for math in the United States, with Blacks on average scoring significantly lower than whites. But that gap has decreased significantly over the past several decades. In 1963 it was about one standard deviation, but by 2003 it had closed to half a standard deviation.13 What happened for most of that time was that the gap between educational resources and opportunities for Blacks and whites also narrowed. Of course, the disparities still remain enormous, so there is no reason to think that the achievement gap would persist if they were eliminated entirely.14 Attempts to explain the gap by appeal to unknown genetic differences serve only as a cover for conservative attacks on programs (from Head Start to affirmative action) aimed at reducing educational inequalities.
The social construction of race
There is an even more fundamental reason for rejecting genetic explanations of achievement gaps between racial groups: race itself is not a biological category. Despite the widespread belief that racism has existed for all human history, the concept of race is a relatively new one. The term is not found in ancient texts, nor even in the fourteenth-century travel writings of Marco Polo. Its first-known use in English dates from the early sixteenth century, coinciding with the birth of modern colonialism and the trans-Atlantic slave trade. In North America, racial codification began to be imposed in the seventeenth century as a response to armed uprisings, such as Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia in 1676, which united poor whites and Blacks against colonial elites. In response, ruling classes resorted to a policy of divide and rule, enacting slave codes to discipline Blacks, while conferring small privileges on poor whites. Before the end of the century, the Virginia Assembly proclaimed that all white men were superior to Blacks, who by this time had become chattel slaves, and passed a law requiring masters to provide white servants with money, supplies, and land when they had completed their period of indenture.15 The historian Theodore Allen describes this development as "the invention of the white race." Allen conducted a survey of seventeenth-century colonial records and "found no instance of the official use of the word 'white' as a token of social status before its appearance in a Virginia law passed in 1691."16
The point of sketching this history is to illustrate that race is a sociopolitical category, not a biological one. At different times and in different places, racial boundaries have been drawn in very different ways. Moreover, while the boundaries may correspond to superficial differences (skin color, physical appearance, etc.), they have no deeper biological significance. As Dorothy Roberts puts it:
Like citizenship, race is a political system that governs people by sorting them into social groupings based on invented biological demarcations. Race is not only interpreted according to invented rules, but, more important, race itself is an invented political grouping. Race is not a biological category that is politically charged. It is a political category that has been disguised as a biological one.17
According to a 1997 statement by the American Anthropological Association, "genetic data . . . show that, no matter how racial groups are defined, two people from the same racial group are about as different from each other as two people from any two different racial groups."18
The myth of biological races
Despite this, the notion of race as a biological category persists. Much medical research, for instance, categorizes people by self-identified race. Until the 1960s, almost all the subjects in medical studies in the United States were white men. The civil rights movement and the women's movement demanded that subjects be selected from a wider and more diverse pool, in part because people who participate in the research are more likely to receive the benefits if it results in a medical advance. Today it is a requirement of most federally-funded studies that they include participants from more than one racial background and that they analyze the results by race. Including more nonwhite subjects in medical research is a good thing, but it has had the effect of reinforcing the idea that there are biologically significant differences between the various racial groups. The myth that whites and African Americans differ in their response to the same medical treatment, or experience different degrees of pain, is widespread in the medical profession. For example, a 2016 study of medical students and residents, conducted by a team of psychologists at the University of Virginia, found that "a substantial number of white medical students and residents hold false beliefs about biological differences between Black and white people (e.g., Black people's skin is thicker; Black people's blood coagulates more quickly) that could affect how they assess and treat the pain experienced by black patients." The researchers found that half of their sample held one or more of these false beliefs, making it more likely that they would report lower pain ratings for Black patients and prescribe lower doses of pain medication.19
Because we live in a racist society, there are indeed significant differences in health outcomes between whites and members of racially oppressed groups, even when there are controls for socioeconomic factors. But these differences are rooted in systematic oppression, not in biology. Nevertheless, because the myth that race has biological significance remains widespread, research is sometimes diverted into looking for genetic causes for the disparities, rather than unearthing their social roots and attempting to address them. Even when there are clear environmental causes for ill health, as there are in the case of childhood asthma, for example, money still flows into research looking for genetic explanations to explain why Black and Brown children suffer from the disease at higher rates than their white counterparts. As Roberts notes:
A chief reason why genetic explanations are emphasized over social ones is that genetic causes can be treated with a pharmaceutical product. The automatic response to disease-causing genes is to develop a drug to target them. You are just as likely to find a gene discovery reported in the business section of a newspaper as its science section.20
The influence of corporate profits on what is researched and how the results are interpreted is further accentuated by the interest of pharmaceutical companies marketing "race-specific" medications. In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration approved the heart drug BiDil for use specifically by African Americans, even though there was no serious evidence that it had any racially disparate effects. The drug was a commercial failure, but the door was opened for more drugs to be marketed on the basis of race.21
The idea that race is biological has also been promoted by people who confuse ancestry with race, including by those who should know better. Earlier this year, for instance, the Harvard geneticist David Reich published an article in the New York Times titled "How Genetics is Changing Our Understanding of 'Race.'"22 Reich is one of the world's leading experts on ancient DNA. According to a lengthy profile of him published in the Times a few days before his own article, "Reich's laboratory has published DNA from the genomes of 938 ancient humans—more than all other research teams working in this field combined. The work in his lab has reshaped our understanding of human prehistory."23 Analyzing the DNA of our ancestors provides invaluable insight into their likely migratory patterns and evolution. Reich's work related to paleoanthropology is path-breaking and invaluable, but unfortunately the same cannot be said of his views about race.
Reich (who is also the son of the first director of the Holocaust Memorial Museum) concedes that "race is a social construct" and accepts that in terms of genetics, human populations are extremely similar. He also expresses "deep sympathy for the concern that genetic discoveries could be misused to justify racism." But he rejects the view that the "average genetic differences among people grouped according to today's racial terms are so trivial when it comes to any meaningful biological traits that those differences can be ignored," which he claims has become a new orthodoxy. So, having first agreed that race is socially constructed, Reich immediately takes it back by claiming that there are significant biological differences between different racial groups.
In fact, the evidence from genetics confirms what we know from anthropology and paleontology: we are all African.24 Modern humans evolved in Africa about 200,000 years ago. Around 65,000 to 70,000 years ago, groups of humans began to migrate out of Africa in successive waves, first to what is now the Middle East, then to Asia and Europe, and eventually reaching North and South America. Since the migrating groups were subpopulations of the whole, they contained less genetic diversity than the original population. New genetic variants have arisen in the populations that left Africa, but since our species lived only in Africa for the first two-thirds of its existence and since humans spread slowly across the globe, the genetic changes that have evolved in different populations do not correspond to anything like traditional races. In addition, there has always been considerable interbreeding between the different human subpopulations. As the psychologist Paige Harden notes: "Ancestry . . . allows for more continuous and granular distinctions than our relatively crude categories of race. The ancestry components that geneticists are most commonly including in their analyses are making fine-grained distinctions between people who would all be lumped together as 'white' in the US today."25
David Reich is correct that genetic differences between human subpopulations may explain other differences between them (as he says, "We now know that genetic factors help explain why northern Europeans are taller on average than southern Europeans."), but the subpopulations in question are not races. In a response to Reich, a group of sixty-seven scientists and researchers noted that people of West African ancestry "may have a higher frequency of a version of a particular gene that is linked to a higher risk of prostate cancer. But lots of people not from West Africa also have this same gene. We don't call these other people a 'race' or say their 'race' is relevant to their condition. Finding a high prevalence of a particular genetic variant in a group does not make that group a 'race.'"26
Despite expressing "deep sympathy for the concern that genetic discoveries could be misused to justify racism," Reich's sloppy use of the term "race," did just that. Within a few days of his article's publication, Michael Barone of the American Enterprise Institute—which also employs Charles Murray—had penned an op-ed arguing that Reich's work supports the argument that "racial quotas and preferences" should be abandoned.27 Similarly, Murray himself, and author Sam Harris who shares Murray's view that IQ differences have a genetic basis, both tweeted the link to Reich's article, claiming it as refuting their critics. Harris, who originally made a name for himself as a leader of the "new atheist" movement, has now—along with other prominent "new atheists"—moved close to the alt-right.28
This article has examined some of the key arguments made by scientific racists and what is wrong with them. But as noted at the outset, refuting the arguments is not enough. Defeating the latest revival of scientific racism will require not just good arguments but defeating the right-wing movements with which it is associated. And defeating scientific racism at its roots will require radically changing a society that generates and depends on racial inequality.
Nicole Hemmer, "'Scientific Racism' Is on the Rise on the Right. But It's Been Lurking There for Years." Vox, March 28, 29017. https://www.vox.com/the-big- idea/2017/3/28/15078400/scientific-racism-murray-alt-right-black-muslim-culturetrump. Gavin Evans, "The Unwelcome Revival of 'Race Science'," Guardian, March 2, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/02/the-unwelcome-revival- of-race-science.
Edward Burmila, "Scientific Racism Isn't 'Back': It Never Went Away," Nation, April 6, 2018, https://www.thenation.com/article/scientific-racism-isnt-back-it-never-went-away/.
See, for instance, Allen Chase, The Legacy of Malthus: The Social Costs of the New Scientific Racism (Knopf, 1977); Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, revised ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1996); and Michael Yudell, Race Unmasked: Biology and Race in the Twentieth Century (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014).
Dorothy Roberts, Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-Create Race in the Twenty-First Century (New York: The New Press, 2011), 50.
Sean Braswell, "Thomas Jefferson: Founding Father . . . White Supremacist?" OZY, August 15, 2007, https://www.ozy.com/flashback/thomas-jefferson-founding-father- white-supremacist/79574.
Quoted in Evans, "The Unwelcome Revival of 'Race Science.'" For more on Binet's work, see Theta H. Wolf, Alfred Binet (University of Chicago Press, 1973).
Quoted in Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, 212.
Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences (New York: Basic Books, 1983) and Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons in Theory and Practice (New York: Basic Books, 2006).
James R. Flynn, What Is Intelligence? Beyond the Flynn Effect, Expanded edition (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (New York: Free Press, 1994). Nicholas Wade, A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race and Human History (New York: Penguin Press, 2014). For a critique of Herrnstein and Murray, see Gould, The Mismeasure of Man. For a critique of Wade, see Rob DeSalle and Ian Tattersall, Troublesome Science: The Misuse of Genetics and Genomics in Understanding Race (New York: Columbia University Press, 2018).
Evans, "The Unwelcome Revival of 'Race Science.'"
Eric Turkheimer, Kathryn Paige Harden, and Richard E. Nisbett, "There's Still No Good Reason to Believe Black-White IQ Differences Are Due to Genes," Vox, June 15, 2017. https://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2017/6/15/15797120/race-black-white- iq-response-critics.
Turkheimer, et al.
Lindsey Cook, "US Education: Still Separate and Unequal," US News & World Report, January 25, 2015. https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/data-mine/2015/01/28/ us-education-still-separate-and-unequal.
Howard Zinn, A People's History of the United States (New York: HarperPerennial, 2003), chapter 2, "Drawing the Color Line."
"Summary of the Argument of The Invention of the White Race," Cultural Logic 1, no. 2 (Spring 1998), https://clogic.eserver.org/1-2/allen. For more on the social construction of race, see George M. Fredrickson, Racism: A Short History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002); Roberts, Fatal Invention; and Karen E. Fields and Barbara J. Fields, Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life (London: Verso, 2012).
Roberts, Fatal Invention, 4.
Quoted in Roberts, Fatal Invention, 53.
Fariss Samarrai, "Study Links Disparities in Pain Management to Racial Bias," UVAToday, April 4, 2016, https://news.virginia.edu/content/study-....
Roberts, Fatal Invention, 146.
Jonathan Kahn, Race in a Bottle: The Story of BiDil and Racialized Medicine in a PostGenomic Age (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012).
David Reich, "How Genetics is Changing Our Understanding of 'Race'," New York Times, March 25, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/23/opinion/sunday/ genetics-race.html.
Carl Zimmer, "David Reich Unearths Human History Etched in Bone," New York Times, March 20, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/20/science/david-reich- human-migrations.html.
Daniel J. Fairbanks, Everyone is African: How Science Explodes the Myth of Race (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2015).
"How Not to Talk About Race and Genetics," Buzzfeed, March 30, 2018, https://www. buzzfeed.com/bfopinion/race-genetics-david-reich. The authors are "scholars from disciplines ranging across the natural sciences, medical and population health sciences, social sciences, law, and humanities."
"How Genetic Science Is Undercutting the Case for Racial Quotas," Washington Examiner, April 4, 2018, https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/columnists/ michael-barone-how-genetic-science-is-undercutting-the-case-for-racial-quotas.
Phil Torres, "From the Enlightenment to the Dark Ages: How 'New Atheism' Slid into the Alt-right," Salon, July 29, 2017, https://www.salon.com/2017/07/29/from-the- enlightenment-to-the-dark-ages-how-new-atheism-slid-into-the-alt-right/.


Classic Twinings flavours at an excellent price. Individually enveloped.
A choice of six fruity blends, all individually enveloped in boxes of 20.
Very popular tea available in a variety of infusions. Individually enveloped in boxes of 20.


text:
Storage Wars: Sequestering PFAS Using Polymer Chemistry
October 28, 2021 @ 1:00 pm - 2:00 pm EDT
« Electrical Leak Location (ELL) Workshop and Emerging Topics in Landfill Management Summit
How to (Accidentally) Destroy a Forever Compound »
Speaker: Todd DeJournett, PhD, PE, Senior Engineer, Geosyntec Consultants
Moderator: Craig Benson, PhD, PE, NAE, Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Geosyntec, in collaboration with the University of Minnesota, is studying the use of commercially-available polymer flocculants to improve PFAS removal in landfill leachate management operations. Polymer flocculants are water-soluble polymers which cause particles to aggregate, making them easier to filter out of a liquid.
While these polymers have previously been shown to bind PFAS to aquifer solids, like gravel or sand, in groundwater applications, the current research seeks to answer whether or not the polymers can achieve a similar result in landfill leachate. In this approach, the application of polymers, along with solid particles that can be settled from the leachate is proposed to sequester PFAS from leachate in solid materials that can be placed back in the landfill.
Although the complex nature of landfill leachate presents challenges for binding PFAS by the polymers, the team is gaining an understanding of the characteristics of leachate that contribute to these limitations. The team is also evaluating different combinations of polymer and ballast materials to determine if removal of PFAS from landfill leachate via this method can be feasible in a typical solid waste operation.
During this Science Session, DeJournett will cover the following:
The conceptual model for this method and its value proposition
Some of the technical challenges associated with this method
Results available so far and the researchers' next steps
Todd DeJournett, PhD, PE
Todd DeJournett is a Senior Engineer at Geosyntec Consultants with over 15 years of experience in industrial and municipal water and wastewater treatment process design. Todd's practice applies fundamental principles of chemistry and microbiology to minimize client liabilities and maximize their assets. Todd's experience includes work in the petrochemical, refining, mining, solid waste, and manufacturing sectors. Todd is a frequent collaborator with University of Minnesota faculty through the MNDRIVE program, which encourages the application of innovative University research to problems faced by Minnesota industries.
Craig Benson, PhD, PE, NAE
Craig Benson is former Dean of Engineering at the University of Virginia and Wisconsin Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is an international authority on landfills and waste containment systems. His expertise includes municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, coal combustion residuals, mining and mineral processing wastes, low-level radioactive waste, mixed radioactive waste, uranium mill tailings, and bauxite residuals. Benson was co-Principal Investigator on USEPA's Alternative Cover Assessment Program (ACAP) and authored the USEPA guidance on water balance covers (aka ET covers). Benson is a Professional Engineer and member of the National Academy of Engineering
EREF Education Program
education@erefdn.org
https://erefdn.org


Log in to the eDirectory tree as an administrator with the appropriate rights.
Right-click the container object that contains the server that will run your cryptography-enabled applications; then select New, Object.
Click the Security tab, then certificates.
From the list box in the New Objects dialog box, double-click NDSPKI:Key Material.
This opens the Create a Server Certificate dialog box and the corresponding wizard that creates the Server Certificate object.
Complete the wizard with your company and site information.
Specify a path and filename for your CSR and click Save to complete generation of your CSR.
When asked to "Copy & Paste" your CSR into the CSR field during the order process, open the CSR file you just saved and copy and paste the content into the CSR field on the order form.
For additional information, please visit http://www.novell.com/products/consoles/consoleone/.


text:
ISO 3166-2:DO is een ISO-standaard met betrekking tot de zogenaamde geocodes. Het is een subset van de ISO 3166-2 tabel, die specifiek betrekking heeft op de Dominicaanse Republiek.

De gegevens werden tot op 15 november 2016 geüpdatet op het ISO Online Browsing Platform (OBP). Hier worden 31 provincies -  province (en) / province (fr) / provincia (es) - , 1 district - district (en) / district (fr) / distrito (es) - en 10 regio's - region (en) / région (fr) / región (es) - gedefinieerd.

Volgens de eerste set, ISO 3166-1, staat DO voor de Dominicaanse Republiek, het tweede gedeelte is een tweecijferig nummer.

Codes

Zie ook
 Provincies van de Dominicaanse Republiek
 .do

2:DO


Hospice care, sometimes known as end-of-life care, involves a team of health care professionals providing medical and psychological support and guidance to both you and your loved one. Typically, a hospice or medical doctor is in charge of the care, and a team of nurses, counselors, and health aids attend to your day-to-day needs. At QHC, we understand the decision to place a loved one in hospice care can be a difficult one, and we are dedicated to providing high quality, understanding care to our residents.
We aim to control pain, discomfort, and other symptoms in order for your loved one to feel as comfortable as possible. It is our mission to provide peace, comfort, and dignity to the dying process.
Hospice care generally takes place anytime during the last six months of an individual's life. The plan of care is unique to each individual, but our end goal is always to provide comfort to you, your loved one, friends, and family during this difficult time.
Our services for hospice care include bathing, eating, moving, developing pain and anxiety management programs, creating an advance directive, organizing legal affairs, and sorting through the complex and difficult emotions tied to the dying process.
It is QHC's belief that people come first. We are committed to patient needs and the quality of our hospice care. Our skilled, certified nurses provide high-quality assistance to both you and your loved ones in your time of need.
Comfort is imperative for people nearing the end of life, and developing a plan for physical, psychological, and social comfort that you and your loved one are comfortable with is our goal. Hospice care is a sensitive field, with many emotions involved. We strive to treat the dying process with as much respect and empathy as possible for you and your loved one.