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Incredible tender and juicy baked pork tenderloin that's marinated then baked. Slice and serve with a flavorful marinade sauce for an incredible (and easy) dinner! (Thanks to the National Pork Board for sponsoring this post. As usual, all opinions are my own.) Say hello to your new favorite dinner recipe: Baked Pork Tenderloin with Marinade Sauce!
Zoodle Keto Casserole Recipe + Cookbook Giveaway!
Here's a list of 21 delicious looking spiralized recipes we've been wanting to make from around the Internet! Continue reading: 21 Spiralized Recipes On Our Must Make List The post 21 Spiralized Recipes On Our Must Make List appeared first on Inspiralized.
Find out which recipes made our top 20 list in this roundup of our most popular recipes from this year, 2018. Continue reading: 20 Most Popular Inspiralized Recipes of 2018 The post 20 Most Popular Inspiralized Recipes of 2018 appeared first on Inspiralized.


Girls Inc.'s program participants played a big role in helping the organization develop the idea for a coffee cart social enterprise. The business will teach teen girls valuable hands-on lessons in entrepreneurship while also generating revenue for the organization. Sometimes leadership means taking a chance on something new and innovative. That's what eight Colorado nonprofits, a team of consultants and a handful of funders are collaborating to do through the Colorado Nonprofit Social Enterprise Exchange.
"The Exchange" is a new program focused on helping Colorado nonprofit organizations build sustainable sources of funding and develop new jobs, specifically through the idea of social enterprise.
While social enterprise isn't a new concept, it is a difficult field for nonprofits to get into. According to Voyles, "studies show that many more nonprofits would explore social enterprise as a sustainable source of revenue if they had access to training and technical assistance. Voyles, together with Caryn Capriccioso and Rick Zwetsch of interSector Partners, L3C, created The Exchange to provide that support. The team is providing a variety of services, including an intensive eight-month social enterprise development program.
A group of eight nonprofits is the first to go through the program. Since September 2013, they have been participating in hands-on planning workshops that have resulted in eight viable social enterprise ventures. Upon completion of the program in April 2014, they will proceed with implementation under a year of guidance. The Exchange is also exploring different sources of capital to seed or start-up these ventures.
Girls Inc. of Metro Denver is one of the inaugural nonprofits. The organization offers educational programs for girls ages 6 to 18, and is developing a social enterprise that will not only expand programming, but also generate revenue.
"The most beneficial part of The Exchange is having a process to work through – taking something from an idea and building it into an implementable plan," explains Sonya Ulibarri, Girls Inc. president and CEO.
Ulibarri and her team focused on social enterprise ideas for teen girls. "Teen girls want opportunities for leadership and to earn money – many of the girls we serve need to work," says Ulibarri. Girls Inc. settled on a plan to run a coffee cart in a new library branch opening late 2014. The girls will earn money and learn entrepreneurship skills, the organization will generate revenue, and Ulibarri hopes to scale the social enterprise and offer it as a model to other Girls Inc. affiliates around the nation.
Rose Community Foundation is proud to be a partner, funder and fiscal sponsor in this new program. Helping nonprofits build capacity and sustainability has long been a focus of ours, and The Exchange is an innovative and collaborative model for supporting that goal. We're also excited about the opportunity it offers for others to get involved, from helping fund The Exchange, to sponsoring the next nonprofit group, to supporting the individual nonprofit ventures.


Keep track of our Rally for Heroes driving challenge team and their progress through Europe with driver Jim's daily blog.
Jim is co-driver in SSAFA's car for our Rally for Heroes 2014 charity challenge. In his day job, he looks after fundraising for SSAFA in Wales and the West of England.
We left the clean ordered streets of Salzburg and headed for the mountains. Our route took us along valleys with thousand metre high sentries over shadowing miles of countryside all around us. We entered the Grossglockner National Park and began the 3000m accent up through thick forest which gradually thinned and became snow covered rock. Huge banks of compacted snow that never melt stood arching over us as we climbed the last few hair pins to the top of the pass. Some of the older cars found the lack of oxygen at this altitude difficult and a few stalled, but were quickly put back on track by our AA team.
The SSAFA wagon, as it is affectionately named, is a hybrid and when the going got tough on the petrol engine it switched over and used the electric. We glided to the top of the pass and stopped at a wonderful cafe and ate hot broth in the blinding (but cold) sunshine.
Coming down the other side into Italy we were greeted by large stout policemen with handlebar moustaches grinning amiably and waving as our troop drove through the toll gates into Italy, the land of passion and fast cars.
Our occasional messages that come through from home have told us that we have now raised £104,648 for SSAFA. I would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone who has donated and supported us so far. Every penny donated goes to SSAFA as we have paid the expenses for the trip ourselves. Our aim now is to raise as much as we can so that SSAFA can help all the families it needs to.
To show your support for Jim and his co-driver Private Jamie Hull - and for SSAFA - text 'JRFH75 £5' to 70070 and donate £5 or visit their fundraising page.


Acts 27 has Paul in a boat headed in the right direction but destined to crash into the rocks. It is a major danger along the path to Rome. And our lives unfold far too often in the same way. What do we do when we are shipwrecked along the way? Let's talk about it Sunday at 10 am. 2437 S Centre City PKWY in Escondido just off the 15.
Community Prayer - Tomorrow at 7 pm. We will gather for some singing and an hour of prayer. You can't spend the time in a better way. Seriously. Show up, seek the Lord, be encouraged.
Membership Lunch - Sunday, August 19. After service, we will host a lunch for those interested in becoming covenant members at Reservoir. Elders will talk about our confessional statement, our book of church order, what it means to be a member and their favorite colors. Register online here.
Hidden with Christ - Reservoir Women our fall retreat is set for September 29. The one-day event in a comfortable setting will apply the gospel thick and give you an opportunity for real rest in the midst of the chaos. Find out more and register here.
Men's Discipleship - We have a couple of new groups beginning soon. Slide over here to find out more.


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"Shut Up." They Explained
Posted on November 9, 2014 by onthebeatontrack
Comedian and commentator Bill Maher donated $1 million to the Obama campaign in 2012. He made that kind of money in the art of mockery.
He's good at his job. The more sacred the subject, the more biting is his mockery. He reserves some of his best for religion. In that, his liberal fans delight (as do I, occasionally).
So you might think he'd be welcomed by the liberals at Berkeley, where he has been invited to give the commencement address next spring. You'd think wrong.
Berkeley liberals are demanding that he be uninvited because, you see, the target of Maher's most recent religion-mocking routine was Islam.
The judgment of the Berkeley liberals (who are not Muslims but claim to speak for them) is that Muslims are offended. And so Maher's commencement invitation must be revoked. He must be silenced. He must be "shut up."
In the old days before liberals became illiberal, one of the great thinkers, jurists and liberals of the day, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, stated that the remedy for erroneous speech is not less speech in order to suppress the error but "more speech" to correct it.
How quaint. That was back in the day that "free speech" was not limited to viewpoints with which self-appointed censors agree.
An opinion column in this newspaper recently opined that the complex science of global warming is uncertain. In a counter-column, a local big corporation (let's call it "BigCo") opined the opposite — or at least pretended to, in order to inoculate itself from criticism for selling more and more carbon-spewing trips on its winter amusement rides that spiderweb the local mountains.
Disagreement is good. It is in the spirit of Brandeis' admonition. But BigCo's opinion column did more than disagree with the substance of the first opinion column. It reserved its biggest criticism for the column's existence.
BigCo opined that because the first opinion column was "wrong" (according to the scientists who happen to share its own opinion but not according to those who don't), it should have been censored from the newspaper.
To prevent further the publication of any more "wrong" opinions, BigCo suggested to the newspaper (if you can characterize a communication by a major advertiser as a "suggestion") that future opinions be "fact checked" before publication. The "fact checking" would be by BigCo, of course, or by the particular people it endorses.
In short, those who wish to publish in the newspaper an opinion with which BigCo disagrees (or even pretends to disagree) must be "shut up."
In national politics, the competence of the current presidential administration has been questioned. From Ebola to Benghazi to the IRS to the NSA to Obamacare, the administration often resembles arthritic Keystone Kops on tricycles. The image is comical, but the criticism is not, and it deserves debate.
But debate was not the goal of Dems in the election last week. They instead published images of racial segregation and lynchings (conducted back in the days when Dems like George Wallace controlled the South) to suggest that their opponents are racists (even as their opponents elected the first black senator from the South since Reconstruction) in an election in which the supposed target of that alleged racism was not even on the ballot.
In short, to win an election, they told their critics to "shut up."
In a liberal enclave in California on Halloween, a man costumed as a Fox News reporter was beaten by a liberal screaming, "I hate Fox News!"
That's right — liberals are so consumed with hatred for a television network that delivers news they dislike that they beat someone dressed in a Halloween costume intended to mock the network.
"Shut up" has devolved to "Shut up or I'll kill you and anyone who reminds me of you while they're mocking you."
A Dem member of the Federal Election Commission wants to impose onerous reporting rules on opinions posted on the Internet. She'd like to regulate Facebook postings if they're political. (She would of course be the one to decide what's political.) What next? Will she go after cat videos if they show cats of certain colors behaving badly?
As Maher is learning, you'd better object when the totalitarians come for your enemies. Because next they'll come for your friends and then you. And then the cat.
It might be too late anyway. Last spring, Brandeis' namesake, Brandeis University, bowed to pressure to rescind an invitation for a former Muslim woman to speak at a commencement after learning that she'd condemned the treatment of women in Islam. "Shut up," they explained.
In the election last week, the people refused to shut up. They spoke. We'll soon see if anyone was listening.
Published in The Aspen Times on Nov. 9, 2014 at http://www.aspentimes.com/opinion/13713829-113/shut-bigco-column-liberals

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Africa: a South African company to produce a vaccine against Covid-19 for African countries
By Christopher R. Tatum on	 July 2, 2021 Financial Firm
Nairobi – South African pharmaceutical company Aspen has started production of hundreds of millions of doses of COVID-19 vaccine for African countries. To speed up the process, the company receives significant funding from the US government.
Speaking at a virtual press briefing Thursday, Mark Marchick, a senior executive with the US International Development Financial Corporation, said Aspen would receive around $ 712 million to produce a vaccine for people in Africa.
"Our consortium of development finance institutions would provide a direct loan to Aspen, among others, to strengthen their balance sheet with long-term funding, support vaccine production and expand their operations with core operations based in South Africa. This loan will help them increase the capacity to support Aspen's efforts to produce vaccines for the continent this year and next, "Marchik said.
Gayle Smith, the US State Department's coordinator for the global response to COVID-19, said the investment will help Africa cope with long-term health challenges.
"We see this investment as a truly viable short-term response to the continent's urgent need for COVID vaccines and also, most importantly, as a long-term investment in the continent's ability to increase its own production of this vaccine. vital assets so there is greater availability and resilience over time, so it's a short-term investment with a long-term vision, "said Smith.
It is estimated that the world needs at least 11 billion doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to at least help communities return to normal life. So far, less than 2% of Africans have received a vaccine.
Mistake!
The need for the vaccine has prompted criminals to exploit Africa's weak regulatory systems to import junk and substandard drugs.
In November, officers from South Africa's Customs and Crime Unit seized 2,400 fake doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Zambian and Chinese nationals were arrested.
In January of this year, the Nigerian Food and Drug Administration advised the public to be aware of the bad actors pushing fake vaccines.
Adebayo Alonge, director of RxAll, an organization fighting counterfeiting and substandard pharmaceuticals in Africa using artificial intelligence technology, said African governments need systems to distribute and track effectively the vaccine.
"They may have selected sites across the country where people can go to get vaccinated. People pre-book online or via text message and register people who have come to get vaccinated at those places," Alonge said.
Aspen, which is based in the city of Durban, is expected to produce 400 million doses of the Johnson and Johnson vaccine. Distribution will begin in the coming weeks.
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Angie Mitilian
In Conversation With A Kid Named Rufus
1. What do you want our readers to know about you?
I am Malaysian, I was born and raised in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. I love coffee and film cameras and thrifting and basically anything that has to do with indie/alternative culture. I am a cool person and I go to college!
What type of coffee though?
Lattes. I almost exclusively drink lattes. I drink my coffee with no sugar and no sweeteners, I like the taste of it.
2. How would you describe your music to people who have never heard of you?
I think it's really optimistic indie pop music. The themes behind my songs are very meaningful but the sound is very happy and bubbly.
3. How long have you been in America?
This is my 8th month in America. I got here in February but I was supposed to come last August but everything got held back because of Covid. I was able to get my Visa towards the end of 2020 to come for the spring semester and I have been here ever since. And it's so funny because now I am in a situation where Covid is pretty bad back home and they are so many travel restrictions in place so I can't go back to Malaysia right now so I am stuck here. A year ago, it was the exact opposite.
Do you think being stuck in America is a blessing or a curse?
A blessing. There are definitely pros and cons, this is the longest I have been away from home and the first time I have lived alone for an extended period of time. I am in an entirely new country and have to set myself up and get used to living here. But, I'm also in New York, there are so many things to do and I have met so many people. I have had the opportunity to do in-person sessions and it's been really good for me as a student and me wanting to get into music business as well as for me as an artist and it's been pretty amazing. I am very fortunate that I am in Long Island and that I have family in Long Island which means that I am super close to the city.
4. What opportunities brought you here?
I'm here for school, I'm also here because this was the right move for me in terms of building my career as a musician and it was also a life goal of mine so it is like three things in one!
5. Was it hard to transition? How do the two places differ?
I have a list of things that are different in the states:
You drive on the wrong side of the road
Your stop lights are opposite
Healthcare has been confusing, I didn't know how insurance worked until I got here, and I still don't fully understand and it's so annoying
EGGS! We never refrigerated my eggs when I was growing up because they were fresh, but over here, you do because of the way they prepare them.
I feel like I'm learning something new about this country every single day!
6. Tell us about the beginning of your musical journey. How did you start your passion for creating music?
I have definitely been creative when growing up. My mom got me into Indian fine arts when my sister and I were young. I was very into photography and video editing so I learned how to use the whole Adobe Suite when I was 13. I remember we had a guitar at home, I picked it up and started playing it and ended up teaching myself. Eventually, I learned how to produce, I was horrible at it but I developed the skills over time and was able to write, record, and produce my own songs. And the end of 2018, I had finished my first song and we released it in March of 2019 which kind of started my artist project. Then in the summer of 2019, I put out a song called "Useless", and that got picked up by a bunch of playlists on Spotify and started getting traction really quickly. At the end of August, Alec Benjamin's team reached out and asked me to open for him at his show in Singapore and so I did, which was super cool. Its been so fun, over time, my songwriting skills and the way that I have seen the world have changed and I feel like it has given me a wider perspective of things to talk and write about. I am in a really fun spot right now with my career where I get to kick back and make music and have people hear it.
7. Your music has changed since your first few singles to wasting time and things will be ok, what sparked that change?
Definitely a natural change. I was also getting to a point where I had two songs up and they performed really well and I was like "Ok cool, well then I have to follow up something that will perform as well". I sat down with my friend and I wanted to write a sincere song. I was exploring smaller underground and indie-pop artists so I wanted to incorporate that style in some way. I really wanted to write songs like this because this is the type of shit that I like and the type of stuff that I wanted to hear, and I think thats what sparked my change. It was both natural and me stepping out of a writing block.
8. On a scale from 1-10, how excited are you about the EP? What does your EP mean to you?
Oh my god, I am going to do an 8 because it is really exciting seeing what everyone's reactions are to the songs. I am relieved that it is coming out just because I put a lot of work into it. It is a very personal project. I wrote it in the middle of quarantine when a lot of things were going on in my life and I was not too sure about the future or school. In the middle of writing the EP, my grandfather passed away and I was going through one of the most mental health episodes of my life and I eventually got diagnosed with anxiety disorder. A lot of things changed for me and I think the 5 songs that are on it are a reflection of that. It's nice to have it out and have people hear it. I am super proud of "graduation" and it's by far one of my favorite pieces of work that I have ever made. The whole process of making it, engineering it, mixing it, finishing it, and the whole story behind it and how much shit I went through in the process just makes that whole thing one of a kind for me.
9. Why "graduation"?
I didn't have a graduation in high school. It was right when the pandemic started and I thought graduation was a pretty good title because I never got one, so there is a little bit of a hidden meaning in that. These songs are about a really rough time in my life and I have sort of been able to cope with it and if you look at it, I sort of graduated from these experiences, and I've moved on.
10. What song do you favor the most on your upcoming EP? What meaning does it have to you?
My favorite song is "everybody's fine but me" because it is about my depression and anxiety and I think it is the most sincere song I have ever written.
11. What is one question you want someone to ask you about your new EP? What is something you want our readers to know about the "behind the scenes"?
I put a lot of hard work into it and everything you have heard was written, produced, engineered, and recorded back home. It is such an important piece of work for me and I hope people will enjoy "graduation" just as much as I did making it!
Listen to their latest EP here! Keep In Touch: SPOTIFY | INSTAGRAM
✧・゚: *✧・゚:* stop by *:・゚✧*:・゚✧
©2022 by Angie Mitilian of Fever Dream Zine
Photos and Videos by Ally Wei and Ellen Ong


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Hi Theresa! Clearly, you enjoy Walt Disney World Resort as much as we do! We also have numerous MagicBands!
Yes! Guests are able to have more than one MagicBand associated with their account. Keep in mind, they are not transferrable and Guests can't have multiple entitlements such as additional park admission or FastPass+ selections with each MagicBand.
To make your vacation more magical, I want to share a couple of things I learned from personal experience. First of all, be sure all of the MagicBands you want to use are active in your My Disney Experience Profile. Further, at one point, I had so many MagicBands (20+) associated with my account that I had some challenges checking-in to my Resort hotel. They system couldn't find the specific MagicBand I was using because it was having to search through the numerous MagicBands associated with my account. The sweet Cast Member researched my issue and then removed several of my MagicBands from my Profile so that I could get into my room. With three, you should be fine but keep this in mind as you continue to visit Walt Disney World Resort.
I love that she has multiple MagicBands. The ability to swap them out and have them match your outfit brings extra pixie dust to your photos!
Thanks so much for your question and enjoy your magical Disney vacation!


Welcome to Esslingen! Are you planning a trip to Esslingen or do you want to spend your holidays in the former Free Imperial City? Do you need accomodation for your overnight stay? There is plenty to think about when organising a journey. The City Information Centre has all you require for a succesfull stay in Esslingen. Start reading here, download our brochures, find the city map or get in touch with your questions, requests and suggestions. The Esslinger Stadtmarketing & Tourismus GmbH will be happy to help!
More on topic "Travelling in Esslingen"


Aden & Anais kids with style!
by Faye at Glossytotsupdated on September 10, 2016 September 25, 2015 Leave a Comment on Aden & Anais kids with style!
Picky Eater? Try a Secret Sausage!
by Faye at Glossytotsupdated on September 10, 2016 September 25, 2015 Leave a Comment on Picky Eater? Try a Secret Sausage!


As we learned yesterday, according to the first Mishna in this perek, mixtures that contain hametz are prohibited only on the level of a simple negative commandment, which does not carry the same punishment – karet as pure hametz if it is eaten. Rav Nahman identifies the author of this opinion as Rabbi Eliezer, quoting a baraita in which Rabbi Eliezer teaches that eating pure grain hametz is punishable by karet, while eating hametz in a mixture is a lav – a simple negative commandment, punishable by lashes. The baraita includes the opinion of the hakhamim, who agree that eating normal hametz will be punished by karet. With regard to eating a mixture containing hametz, the hakhamim rule that it is b'lo klum – "there is nothing." At first glance it would appear that the hakhamim feel that such a mixture is permitted on Pesah.
Nevertheless, the Rif and the Rosh (and, based on their ruling, most of the codifiers of halakha) rule that the expression b'lo klum in this case does not mean that it is permitted, rather that there is no punishment for eating it since the requisite amount needed to be held liable would not be eaten. After all, even if someone ate a full ka-zayit (olive-size amount) of this mixture, he still will have eaten less than a ka-zayit of hametz. If we understand the opinion of the hakhamim this way, were a person to eat a very large portion of the mixture that includes hametz, so that tokh k'dei akhilat pras – within the amount of time that it takes to eat half a loaf – he ate a full ka-zayit within the mixture, even they would agree that he would receive the punishment of lashes.
The Gemara concludes that Rabbi Eliezer also will forbid hametz nuksheh (hardened leaven) on the level of a lav. The Ritva explains the term hametz nuksheh as referring to hametz that is not edible or has not been fully baked, that is to say that it is not the full hametz referred to by the Torah.


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Serious iPhone shortage looms as factory workers battle security officials at China's biggest iPhone plant
LaunchLenovonewsPhones
Lenovo Z6 with Snapdragon 730 announced for 1899 yuan ($276)
Efe Udin July 4, 2019
Today, Chinese manufacturer, Lenovo unveiled the Lenovo Z6 in China. This is the latest smartphone in the Lenovo Z-series after the announcement of the Z6 Pro and Z6 Lite. The release of the Z6 will complement the performance of the Z6 series. The Lenovo Z6 comes with a 1899 yuan ($276) starting price for the 6GB+64GB version.
In terms of core configuration, Lenovo Z6 comes with a Qualcomm Snapdragon 730 processor. The Z6 Pro uses SD855 while the Z6 Lite comes with SD710 SoC. The Snapdragon 730 is built on the 8nm process. The CPU uses the same 4-series Kryo core as the Snapdragon 855. The main frequency is 2.2GHz, which is 35% higher than the previous generation. The Lenovo Z6 uses a 19.5:9 water-drop full-screen with a high screen ratio of 93.1%. In terms of camera specifications, it has a 16MP front camera and a triple rear camera setup. The rear has a 24MP Sony main camera + 8MP zoom sensor + 5MP virtual camera.
Lenovo Z6 specifications
6.39-inch (2340 x 1080 pixels) FHD+ OLED HDR10 Display with DCI-P3 Color Gamut
Octa Core (2.2GHz Dual + 1.8GHz Hexa) Snapdragon 730G Mobile Platform with Adreno 618 GPU
6GB RAM with 64GB / 128GB storage, 8GB RAM with 128GB storage, expandable memory up to 512GB with microSD
Android 9.0 (Pie) with ZUI 11
Dual SIM (nano + nano / microSD)
24MP rear camera with Sony IMX576 sensor, f/1.8 aperture, LED flash, 8MP Telephoto lens with f/2.4 aperture for 2x loss-less zoom, 5MP depth of field lens with f/2.4 aperture
Dimensions: 157 x 74.5 x 7.97mm; Weight: 159g
Dual 4G VoLTE, Wi-Fi 802.11 ac (2.4GHz and 5GHz), Bluetooth 5 LE, GPS, USB Type-C
4000mAh battery with up to 15W fast charging
The lights of this smartphone are kept on by a 4050 mAh battery. It supports 15W QC3.0 fast charge and the body weight is 159g. This smartphone also supports Dolby Atmos and has HDR10 enhanced image quality for improved color reproduction. In terms of memory, it comes with up to 8GB of RAM and up to 128GB UFS 2.1 storage. It is worth mentioning that the Lenovo Z6 uses the sixth-generation on-screen photoelectric fingerprint, built-in black-and-white photosensitive element, and 3P lens, which can achieve 0.13 seconds unlocking speed. The 6GB+64GB version will sell for 1899 yuan while the 6GB+128GB and 8GB+128GB were released for 2099 yuan ($305) and 2499 yuan ($363) respectively.
LenovoLenovo Z6
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Efe Udin
I'm a professional geologist and an enthusiastic writer who is interested in technology. I sleep and wake with my mobile phone, data connection on 24/7. My PC is never more than a metre from me.
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ARUN SUBRAMANIAN
India launch??


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Le Lori tricolore ou Lori à calotte noire (Lorius lory) est une espèce d'oiseau appartenant à la sous-famille des Loriinae.

Description
Comme la plupart des Loriinae, le Lori tricolore présente un plumage très coloré. Chez cette espèce, le rouge vif domine. Le front, la calotte, la nuque, le dos, la poitrine et le ventre sont noir brillant avec des reflets bleuâtres. Les ailes sont vertes avec une barre alaire jaune sur le dessous, donc surtout visible lorsque l'oiseau est en vol. Le bec et les iris sont orange vif, les pattes gris anthracite.

Cet oiseau mesure environ 31 cm.

Sous-espèces
Sept sous-espèces sont reconnues chez le Lori tricolore :
 Lorius lory cyanauchen (S. Muller, 1841) avec le noir tirant beaucoup plus vers le bleu que chez toutes les autres sous-espèces ;
 Lorius lory erythrothorax Salvadori, 1877, avec du rouge remplaçant le noir au niveau du cou et de la poitrine ;
 Lorius lory jobiensis (A.B. Meyer, 1874), proche de salvadorii et de viridicrissalis mais avec la coloration rouge moins vive ;
 Lorius lory lory (Linnaeus, 1758), sous-espèce type dont le plumage correspond à la description générale ;
 Lorius lory salvadorii A.B. Meyer, 1891, proche de erythtrothorax mais avec davantage de noir sur la poitrine ;
 Lorius lory somu (Diamond, 1967) avec le noir limité au front, à la calotte et au ventre ;
 Lorius lory viridicrissalis Beaufort, 1909, proche de salvadorii mais avec le noir tirant vers le bleu.

Répartition et habitat
Le Lori tricolore est assez commun en Nouvelle-Guinée et dans certaines îles de la baie de Geelvink.

Le Lori tricolore peuple les forêts de plaine, les palmeraies régulièrement inondées (par les fleuves aux abords de leurs embouchures) mais occasionnellement aussi les forêts de montagne jusqu'à 1000, exceptionnellement 1750 mètres.

Comportement
Le Lori tricolore vit en petits groupes familiaux qui se réunissent parfois en bandes plus nombreuses sur des arbres fleuris. Assez discret, cet oiseau effectue des déplacements quotidiens entre ses dortoirs forestiers et ses zones alimentaires.

Alimentation
Cette espèce se nourrit de fleurs (y compris de pollen), de bourgeons, de baies, de graines immatures, de larves et d'insectes. Il apprécie particulièrement les fleurs de plantes grimpantes comme celles du genre Frecynetia (Pandanaceae).

Reproduction
La période de reproduction débute en mai. Les mâles effectuent des parades pour attirer les femelles en effectuant des révérences, ailes déployées, et en émettant de doux gazouillis. La femelle pond deux œufs dans un nid aménagé dans un arbre creux. L'incubation dure 23 à 26 jours. Les jeunes s'envolent vers l'âge de 9 semaines.

Captivité
C'est un oiseau de compagnie se reproduisant assez facilement en captivité.

Voir aussi

Sources
 Forshaw J.M. (2006) Parrots of the World. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, Oxford, 172 p.
 Mario D. & Conzo G. (2004) Le grand livre des perroquets. de Vecchi, Paris, 287 p.

Références taxonomiques

Liens externes

Psittacidae
Oiseau décrit en 1758

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Putting on Blue is, in author Al Hester's words, "the story of 52 Confederate soldiers who were captured and placed in horrific Northern prisons with little hope of quick release to return home. The Lincoln administration offered them freedom from prison if they would swear their allegiance to the Union and enlist in special regiments to serve in the West. . . . The newly enlisted soldiers were called 'Galvanized Yankees.'" The book has fascinating stories of Yankee prisons, Indian wars, and anecdotes about the area's "Galvanized Yankees," several of which Mr. Hester will share in his program.
The book includes a gallery of color and black-and-white 19th century photographs and artwork from a variety of sources, including family descendants.
This event is co-sponsored by the Athens Historical Society and the Athens-Clarke County Library Heritage Room.


We're in the second week of the Falcons' voluntary offseason program. Here are some of our favorite images of the guys putting in work in the weight room.
Skill position players were on the field for player-led voluntary workouts during the offseason program this week. Check out some of our favorite images here.
All eyes are on the 2019 NFL Draft this week. While we wait to learn who will next wear red and black, let's look back at the 2018 draft class.
The Atlanta Falcons have signed both DT Ra'Shede Hageman and S J.J. Wilcox to one-year deals. Wilcox was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round of the 2013 NFL Draft. Hageman was the Falcons' second-round pick in 2014 and started 16 games for the team over three seasons.
The squad is set. Here are the 36 women who will be on the sidelines and in the community in 2019 as Atlanta Falcons Cheerleaders.


text:
Teen & Young Adult / Young Adult Fiction / Loners & Outcasts
Date de parution: January 4th 2020
Scavenge the Stars
by Tara Sim
From rising-star author Tara Sim comes an epic new YA fantasy duology—a gender-swapped The Count of Monte Cristo retelling that's perfect for fans of All the Stars and Teeth by Adalyn Grace.When Amaya rescues a mysterious stranger from drowning, she fears her rash actions have earned her a longer sentence on the debtor ship where she's been held captive for years. Instead, the man she saved offers her unimaginable riches and a new identity, setting Amaya on a perilous course through the coastal city-state of Moray, where old-world opulence and desperate gamblers collide. Amaya wants one thing: revenge against the man who ruined her family and stole the life she once had. But the more entangled she becomes in this game of deception—and as her path intertwines with the son of the man she's plotting to bring down—the more she uncovers about the truth of her past. And the more she realizes she must trust no one?
Packed with high-stakes adventure, romance, and dueling identities, this gender-swapped retelling of The Count of Monte Cristo is the first novel in an epic YA fantasy duology, perfect for fans of Sarah J. Maas, Sabaa Tahir, and Leigh Bardugo.
Tara Sim is a YA fantasy author who can typically be found wandering the wilds of the Bay Area, California. She is the author of the Timekeeper trilogy, which has been featured on Entertainment Weekly, Bustle, and various media outlets. When she's not chasing cats or lurking in bookstores, she writes books about magic, clocks, and explosives.
#ScavengeTheStars
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text:
Grosvenor Burnett v. Lt. General John J. Tolson, Commanding General of Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and Stanley R. Resor, as Secretary of the Army
Text Citations (30) Cited By (11)
Grosvenor BURNETT et al., Appellants,
Lt. General John J. TOLSON, Commanding General of Fort
Bragg, North Carolina, and Stanley R. Resor, as
Secretary of the Army, Appellees.
Fourth Circuit.
Argued Nov. 2, 1972.
Decided Feb. 21, 1973.
Prof. Walter E. Dellinger, III, Durham, N. C. (Charles F. Lambeth, Jr., Thomasville, N. C., on brief), for appellants.
F. Stuart Clarke, Asst. U. S. Atty. (Warren H. Coolidge, U. S. Atty., on brief), for appellees.
Before CRAVEN, RUSSELL and WIDENER, Circuit Judges.
CRAVEN, Circuit Judge:
Appellant Burnett and other members of an antiwar organization brought a class action in district court to enjoin the Commanding General of Fort Bragg Military Reservation from prohibiting distribution of certain leaflets on the base. Jurisdiction was alleged under 28 U.S.C. Secs. 1331 and 1361. The district court dismissed the suit for lack of jurisdiction, holding that Burnett et al could not establish the $10,000 jurisdictional minimum required by Sec. 1331 and that this was not an appropriate case for mandamus under Sec. 1361. We reverse.
Burnett and other leaders of the United Citizens for Peace, a group seeking to bring about an end to the conflict in Vietnam, had previously sought permission from officials at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, to distribute various handbills in the public areas of the base. Burnett submitted two written requests for permission, together with sample leaflets, to the office of the Provost Marshal. These requests were denied after a determination by Lieutenant General John J. Tolson, pursuant to Fort Bragg Regulations Nos. 210-231 and 210-10,2 that distribution of the leaflets would constitute a "clear danger to the military loyalty, discipline, and morale of military personnel at Fort Bragg."
The Complaint is grounded upon the first amendment and alleges an arbitrary denial of the fundamental first amendment right of speech and expression. It is urged upon us that we should ignore the $10,000 requirement contained in 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1331 or judicially notice that freedom of speech is of great price and value sufficient to come within the pecuniary limitations of the statute. Much has been written on the subject,3 including, notably, Judge Medina's expression of regret at what he considered to be an unfortunate gap in federal jurisdiction, Wolff v. Selective Service System, 372 F.2d 817, 826 (2d Cir. 1967), and Chief Judge Lumbard's forecast that if the "case of a poor man who stands to lose nothing but his most precious personal liberties [by the] unconstitutional actions of the federal government" should ever come before the federal courts, the "old rule requiring the claimed deprivation be capable of monetary valuation would [not] long endure." Fein v. Selective Service System, 430 F.2d 376, 385 (2d Cir. 1970) (Lumbard, C. J., dissenting).
Since we are persuaded that there is jurisdiction in the district court under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1361, we need not decide these questions, but we note that the last mention of the subject by the Supreme Court in Lynch v. Household Finance Corp., 405 U.S. 538, 92 S.Ct. 1113, 31 L.Ed.2d 424, 432 (1972), is not favorable to Burnett's contentions.4
28 U.S.C. Sec. 1361
Burnett places his alternative jurisdictional argument upon the federal mandamus provision, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1361, which provides:
The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any action in the nature of mandamus to compel an officer or employee of the United States or any agency thereof to perform a duty owed to the plaintiff.
Mandamus is an ancient remedy, said to lie only to compel the fulfillment of a duty which is ministerial, plainly and positively ascertained, and free of doubt. Prairie Band of Pottawatomie Tribe of Indians v. Udall, 355 F.2d 364, 367 (10th Cir. 1966). These traditional requirements for invoking federal mandamus were concisely stated by the Fifth Circuit in Carter v. Seamans, 411 F.2d 767 (5th Cir. 1969), at 773:
Generally speaking, before the writ of mandamus may properly issue three elements must coexist: (1) a clear right in the plaintiff to the relief sought; (2) a clear duty on the part of the defendant to do the act in question; and (3) no other adequate remedy available.
Whether the purview of the common law writ of mandamus was broadened by the inclusion of the words "in the nature of" before the word "mandamus" in Sec. 1361,5 or whether Congress meant only to make the writ available as at common law,6 we need not decide. For we think that however narrowly viewed mandamus may be, the allegations of the Complaint are sufficient to confer jurisdiction upon the district court.
Where military reservations are open to the public it is now clear that civilians have an unqualified right to enter such public areas and to exercise their constitutionally protected freedom of expression in these areas. Flower v. United States, 407 U.S. 197, 198-199, 92 S.Ct. 1842, 32 L.Ed.2d 653 (1972). In areas of a base open to the public,
the military has abandoned any claim that it has special interests in who walks, talks, or leaflets on the avenue. The base commandant can no more order petitioner off of this public street because he was distributing leaflets than could the city police order any leafleteer off of any public street. . . . "[S]treets are natural and proper places for the dissemination of information and opinion." . . . "[O]ne who is rightfully on a street which the state has left open to the public carries with him there as elsewhere the constitutional right to express his views in an orderly fashion." [citations omitted].
Id.
The Third Circuit recently characterized the Flower decision in Spock v. David, 469 F.2d 1047 (3d Cir. 1972).
[T]he [Supreme] Court made clear that the power of military authorities to restrict general access to a military facility . . . did not apply to those parts of the facility to which the public has been freely admitted.
The Federal Government exercises jurisdiction over the entire reservation [Fort Dix]. Its military policemen enforce traffic regulations and the criminal laws applicable to offenses on federal military reservations. But the fact of the exercise of such jurisdiction does not imply the power to selectively exclude persons solely on the ground of exercise of rights protected by the first amendment. If the reservation is open to all the rest of the public, there is no basis for holding that it may be closed, selectively, to political candidates or to distributors of unapproved literature.
Taking the allegations of the Complaint to be true, as we must on appeal from the granting of a motion to dismiss, it appears that Burnett and his class sought only to distribute handbills at places on the military reservation open to the public. It further appears that members of the civilian public are allowed to frequent certain areas of Fort Bragg without any restriction, and that these areas include the shopping center, the post exchange, the post office, and the motion picture theater. Indeed, we have previously had occasion to note that there are areas of Fort Bragg "completely open and unrestricted." United States v. Bradley, 418 F.2d 688, 689 (4th Cir. 1969); Yahr v. Resor, 431 F.2d 690 (4th Cir. 1970). The allegations of the Complaint, therefore, establish a clear right in Burnett and his class to enter the public areas of Fort Bragg as leafleteers.7
Plaintiffs have not sought access to restricted areas nor have they threatened to enter them without permission. There has not been interference with the use of "public" streets or sidewalks, and none is intended by Burnett and his class. Despite assurances by Burnett that distribution in public areas will be accomplished in such a manner as not to interfere with or disrupt military functions and activities, and that a distributing group of persons will not exceed five in number, the base commander, according to the Complaint, refused permission to distribute leaflets while arbitrarily and discriminatingly permitting others to make like distributions.
The government urges that mandamus will not lie here since the duty Burnett seeks to have fulfilled is not "ministerial."8 It is argued that Regulation No. 210-10 vests the Commanding General with "discretion"- i.e., whether to allow Burnett and his class to enter the public areas of the base and distribute leaflets, it is asserted, is within the sound discretion of the commander. We disagree, and on the authority of Flower, supra, we hold that General Tolson is under a duty to allow the orderly expression of views in areas of Fort Bragg generally open to the public.
While we think the ministerial-discretionary dichotomy is not very helpful in analysis of the limitations on statutory mandamus, we are not presently confronted with a situation in which discretion is even involved. No officer of the United States, not even a base commander, may exercise his "discretion" to prevent leafletting in areas generally open to the public, Flower, supra, 407 U.S. at 198, 92 S.Ct. 1842, and certainly he may not pick and choose expressions of viewpoints that may be disseminated in such areas. United States v. Crowthers, 456 F.2d 1074, 1078 (4th Cir. 1972). Where the area of the base involved is one open to the public, the base commander has no discretion, but instead a ministerial duty to allow peaceful leafletting regardless of the views sought to be expressed.
The base commander may, of course, prohibit all distribution of handbills, leaflets, and fliers within areas of a military base that are not open to the general public. Also, he may enforce cosmetic regulations, even in places open to the public, so as to prohibit broadcasting or throwing away handbills and to require that discarded material be placed in receptacles. In short, the government may enforce reasonable regulations to prevent littering. What it may not do is to "favor one pamphlet and reject another because the latter displeases the official in charge" in areas that are open to the public. Crowthers, supra, at 1081.
Because we think there is (1) a clear right in the plaintiff to the relief sought, and (2) a clear duty on the part of the defendant to permit the activity sought, we now consider whether the third requirement of traditional mandamus is present: that there is no other adequate remedy available. See Carter, supra, 411 F.2d at 773.
We have previously expressed our doubt that there is jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1331 because of the difficulty with jurisdictional amount. We are unaware of any other statutory authority for supporting jurisdiction in the district court, and none has been suggested to us. That there might possibly be a "back door" entry into the federal court is not, we think, an available adequate remedy. In Spock, supra, 469 F.2d at 1051 it was suggested that the commander of the Fort Dix Military Reservation
. . . could have been sued in the state courts of New Jersey. He would undoubtedly have removed to the federal courts pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1442(a)(1), since the suit is for acts which were done under color of his federal office. In the removed action the jurisdictional amount requirement would have been inapplicable because Sec. 1442 is a separate jurisdictional grant without regard to amount in controversy . . . .
We think it clear that assuming such a route to the federal court is available, it is not an adequate remedy within the meaning of the mandamus rule, for it rests not upon the volition of the plaintiffs but upon the decision of the government to seek removal.9
We hold that on the allegations of the Complaint in this case there is jurisdiction in the District Court under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1361 to try the case and to thereupon consider whether or not the plaintiffs may be entitled to a Writ of Mandamus, or an injunction, or a declaratory judgment,10 establishing their right to their freedom of expression in areas of Fort Bragg that are open to the general public. If the district court should determine that plaintiffs are entitled to relief it may, of course, confine relief to the allowing of leafletting at appropriate times and places so as to assure that the activity will be peaceful and will not disrupt the organization and operation of the military establishment.
WIDENER, Circuit Judge (dissenting):
I must respectfully dissent.
On December 5, 1969 and December 18, 1969, plaintiffs, The Fort Bragg Leafletting Committee of the United Citizens for Peace, submitted identical requests to the Provost Marshal's Office of Fort Bragg requesting permission "to distribute the attached leaflet" respectively on December 13, 1969 and January 30 or 31, 1970. The request stated "Distribution will be in public areas on a postwide basis, and will be accomplished in such a manner as not to interfere with or disrupt military functions and activities." Plaintiffs stated in their application they would accomplish "proper police and cleanliness." The leaflet contained remarks which, at least, must be considered uncomplimentary to the Army command and could not have helped troop morale. Among other things, the Commanding General was "of the opinion that each of the two proffered publications had as their only possible goals the undermining of military loyalty, discipline, and morale at Fort Bragg."
In this setting, the Provost Marshal denied the requests on December 10 and December 23, 1969.
On January 2, 1970, plaintiffs sued the Commanding General and the Secretary of the Army, claiming jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. Secs. 1341, 1343, 1346 and 1361, and 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983, and the First and Fifth Amendments to the Constitution. The matter in controversy, exclusive of interest, was alleged to exceed the value of $10,000. The complaint stated the action is brought "For a declaratory judgment pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Secs. 2201 and 2203, and for a preliminary and permanent injunction." The prayer of the complaint prayed for a declaratory judgment pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2201, declaring the Fort Bragg regulations concerning distribution of literature to be unconstitutional; for an order declaring the plaintiffs to be constitutionally entitled to distribute leaflets "On those areas of Fort Bragg open to the public in the manner specified in the written requests;" and for a preliminary and permanent injunction enjoining the defendants from prohibiting the plaintiffs "from a peaceful distribution of leaflets to willing takers on those areas of Fort Bragg open to the public." It is quite noteworthy that nowhere did the plaintiffs pray that the refused permit issue.
The defendants filed an answer which included motions to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction and failure to state a claim. They also filed an affidavit of the Commanding General at Fort Bragg explaining in some detail his reasons for refusing to issue the permit, the conclusions of which have been copied above.
The situation stood here when the district court granted the motion to dismiss on March 9, 1972 because it lacked jurisdiction over the subject matter under 28 U.S.C. Secs. 1331 and 1361. The plaintiffs appealed.
28 U.S.C. Sec. 1331(a), provides:
"The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions wherein the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $10,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and arises under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States."
28 U.S.C. Sec. 1361, provides:
"The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any action in the nature of mandamus to compel an officer or employee of the United States or any agency thereof to perform a duty owed to the plaintiff."
JURISDICTION UNDER Sec. 1331(a)
The holding of the majority is that "We hold that on the allegations of the Complaint in this case there is jurisdiction in the District Court under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1361 to try the case and to thereupon consider whether or not the plaintiffs may be entitled to a Writ of Mandamus, or an injunction, or a declaratory judgment." A footnote indicates that mandamus jurisdiction permits a flexibility in remedy.
Insofar as injunctive or declaratory relief is concerned, the most recent expression of the Supreme Court is that in Lynch v. Household Finance Corp., 405 U.S. 538, 92 S.Ct. 1113, 31 L.Ed.2d 424 (1972), where the court said:
". . . in suits against federal officials for alleged deprivation of constitutional rights, it is necessary to satisfy the amount in controversy requirement for federal jurisdiction." 405 U.S. 538, 547, 92 S.Ct. 1113, 1119.
Although the majority opinion here notes that Lynch is "not favorable to . . . [plaintiffs'] contentions," the holding is in direct contradiction to the expressed command of Lynch insofar as injunctive and declaratory relief is concerned. The majority opinion here overlooks the fact that conflicts between the various circuits have been settled by Lynch, as it does a very recent decision of this court, McGaw v. Farrow, 472 F.2d 952 (4th Cir. 1973), in which we held in a remarkably similar fact situation (a chapel) arising at Fort Eustis:
"There seems little doubt that this conclusion denying jurisdiction under Section 1331 was sound. Though a few decisions have held contrariwise, a like conclusion has been reached in a majority of decisions of Circuit Courts of Appeals. Whatever differences there may have previously been in these decisions would appear, however, to have been set at rest by the recent decision in Lynch. . . ." Id., at 954.
The opinion further holds that claims, such as the ones in McGaw and in the instant case, ". . . not measurable in 'dollars and cents' fail[s] to meet the jurisdictional test of amount-in controversy." Id., at 954.
By refusing to use the measuring stick of Lynch, as construed by McGaw in this circuit less than a month ago, the majority, by invoking jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1361, actually will have the district court consider whether to give injunctive or declaratory relief under Sec. 1331(a), which is expressly prohibited by Lynch and McGaw unless the amount in controversy test may be met.
JURISDICTION UNDER 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1361
If my premise is correct that the district court was without jurisdiction under Sec. 1331(a), the only avenue for relief for plaintiffs is by way of action "in the nature of mandamus" under Sec. 1361.
The panel properly sets out three elements which must be met before mandamus may issue:
A clear right in the plaintiff to the relief sought
A clear duty on the part of the defendant to do the act in question
No other adequate remedy available
These three elements must coexist. The existence of one is not sufficient, as the majority notes.
My principal objection to the reversal of the district court on this ground is that neither is there a clear right in the plaintiffs to the relief sought, nor is there a clear duty on the part of the defendants to do the act in question. The act in question, of course, is to issue the permit to distribute the leaflets, although such was not prayed for in the complaint.
When plaintiffs filed their suit, they modified the request which had been made to the Provost Marshal. The request which had been made to the Provost Marshal was to distribute the leaflets "in public areas on a postwide basis." The complaint, in paragraph 5, mentions distribution of the leaflets "on the public areas of Fort Bragg." It later, in paragraph 8, states that plaintiffs intend to confine their activities to "these public areas, which include the shopping center, the post exchange, the post office, and the motion picture theatre," and that "members of the Civilian Public circulate in these areas of Fort Bragg without restrictions and of course are free to converse with off-duty servicemen."
It thus appears that the permission sought in the request and the permission sought in the complaint are somewhat different. The generally accepted definition of public places, which I equate with public areas, is a place at which people assemble or to which they commonly resort for the purpose of business, amusement, recreation, or other lawful purpose. See 35 Words and Phrases, p. 433, et seq., and cases there cited. Of course, this would include banks, stores, theatres, dispensaries, hospitals, apartment and housing complexes, athletic fields, and all the thousand and one areas in which servicemen and their families live in which the Commanding General had allowed civilians to circulate in an effort to make military life somewhat less onerous for the numbers of servicemen stationed at Fort Bragg. We have here a case of all "public areas" in Fort Bragg, not only streets, sidewalks, and parks which have been historically associated with First Amendment rights. See Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner, 407 U.S. 551, 92 S.Ct. 2219, 33 L.Ed.2d 131 (1972).
At the time the request was refused by the Provost Marshal, the applicable law with relation to the Post Commander's obligation was stated in Cafeteria Workers v. McElroy, 367 U.S. 886, 81 S.Ct. 1743, 6 L.Ed.2d 1230 (1961) as follows:
"It is well settled that a Post Commander can, under the authority conferred on him by statutes and regulations, in his discretion, exclude private persons and property therefrom, or admit them under such restrictions as he may prescribe in the interest of good order and military discipline." [Emphasis added] 367 U.S. 886, 893, 81 S.Ct. 1743, 1748.
At the point, then, when the Provost Marshal denied the requests, in view of the affidavit submitted by the Commanding General, it was in his discretion whether or not to exclude the leafleteers from the base, it being obvious from the affidavit that in the opinion of the Commanding General such exclusion was necessary in the interest of good order and military discipline. The same state of law appertained at the time the district court dismissed the complaint March 9, 1972.
On June 12, 1972, the Supreme Court decided Flower v. United States, 407 U.S. 197, 92 S.Ct. 1842, 32 L.Ed.2d 653. Flower decided that a street on Fort Sam Houston was a place upon which a base Commander could not prohibit distribution of literature without a permit. The court said:
"The base commandant can no more order petitioner off of this public street because he was distributing leaflets than could the city police order any leafleteer off of any public street. . . . '[S]treets are natural and proper places for the dissemination of information and opinion.' . . . '[O]ne who is rightfully on a street which the state has left open to the public carries with him there as elsewhere the constitutional right to express his views in an orderly fashion."' 407 U.S. 197, 198, 92 S.Ct. 1842, 1843.
The rationale of thus excluding streets from the rule of Cafeteria Workers v. McElroy was:
"Under such circumstances the military has abandoned any claim that it has special interests in who walks, talks, or distributes leaflets on the avenue." 407 U.S. 197, 198, 92 S.Ct. 1842, 1843.
The court did not exempt from the operation of the rule in Cafeteria Workers v. McElroy all places on a military base where civilians may circulate without restriction but only those places to which "the military has abandoned any claim that it has special interests in. . . ." 407 U.S. 197, 198, 92 S.Ct. 1842, 1843. The mere fact that the civilian public may circulate freely in some areas of Fort Bragg without restriction is no indication that the military has abandoned any claim to a special interest in such areas. The requests made and turned down by the Provost Marshal were much broader than the streets of Fort Bragg, or the areas of Fort Bragg in which the military had abandoned any special interest, as indeed was the complaint filed. Under such circumstances, at the time the request was made and at the time of the dismissal by the district court, the Commanding General was acting well within his discretionary authority in declining to issue the permit. Even under Flower, the request and the complaint seek permission to distribute leaflets in a much broader area than the narrow exception annunciated by Flower. In such a case, the discretion which should be exercised in the first instance should be that of the Commanding General and not that of the district court.
In United States v. Wilbur, 283 U.S. 414, 51 S.Ct. 502, 75 L.Ed. 1148 (1931), the court stated that mandamus will issue ". . . only where the duty to be performed is ministerial and the obligation to act peremptory and plainly defined. The law must not only authorize the demanded action, but require it; the duty must be clear and indisputable." 283 U.S. 414, 420, 51 S.Ct. 502, 504.
In discussing what acts are ministerial and therefore subject to mandamus, the court said in Wilbur v. United States, 281 U.S. 206, 218, 50 S.Ct. 320, 324, 74 L.Ed. 809 (1930):
"Where the duty in a particular situation is so plainly prescribed as to be free from doubt and equivalent to a positive command it is regarded as being so far ministerial that its performance may be compelled by mandamus, unless there be provision or implication to the contrary. But where the duty is not thus plainly prescribed, but depends upon a statute or statutes the construction or application of which is not free from doubt, it is regarded as involving the character of judgment or discretion which cannot be controlled by mandamus." [Footnotes omitted] 281 U.S. at 218, 50 S.Ct. at 324.
Neither the request, then, nor the complaint states a case in the light of Cafeteria Workers v. McElroy as modified by Flower. The duty of the Commanding General to issue the permit is neither clear nor indisputable. Indeed, considering the broad scope of the application, declining to issue the permit was well within his discretionary authority.
Should plaintiffs' application have been framed so as to place it within the narrow confines of Flower, perhaps we should have had another case, but there is no non-discretionary obligation on the part of the Commanding General to issue a permit when the permission sought is broader than that required by Flower, as was the case here. Neither was there any obligation on the part of the district court to fashion equitable relief upon an application for mandamus; indeed, it had no jurisdiction to so act in the premises. Mandamus commands a public official to perform his ministerial, non-discretionary duty. If the permit sought were within the duty prescribed, the Commanding General might have had an obligation to issue it. Since the permit sought was broader than the Commanding General's non-discretionary obligation, the district court may not substitute its discretion for the Commanding General's and assume equitable or declaratory jurisdiction of the matter contrary to the express commands of Lynch and McGaw.
Had this case been treated as a simple remand reciting the fact that Flower was not available to the district judge at the time of his decision, and requiring him to reconsider in the light of Flower should plaintiffs wish to amend their request, many of my reservations might be removed. I doubt we would hear of the matter again. The broad overtones of the majority opinion, however, and, indeed, its express command, as it directs consideration of injunctive and declaratory relief, in the face of, and contrary to, Lynch and McGaw, under the guise of mandamus jurisdiction, make it necessary that I express my views.
This is a clear case of federal courts extending the jurisdiction conferred on them by Congress. See McGaw, 472 F.2d at 954-957, for an excellent analysis of the question.
Fort Bragg Regulation No. 210-23 provides as follows:
Purpose. The purpose of this directive is to establish policies for the control of the distribution of publications on this post
a. The distribution of publications, including pamphlets, newspapers, magazines, handbills, flyers and other printed material on the Fort Bragg Military Reservation will not be made except through regularly established distribution outlets, under appropriate contractual agreements, or as required by law or regulation.
b. The Installation Commander may grant exceptions to the policy contained in this paragraph. Applications for exceptions shall be submitted in writing to the Provost Marshal, this headquarters, at least seven days prior to the date of the proposed distribution describing the method of distribution proposed and including a copy of the publication or publications involved.
Reference: AR 210-10
Fort Bragg Regulation No. 210-10, p 5-5, p c provides as follows:
If it appears that the dissemination of a publication presents a clear danger to the loyalty, discipline, or morale of troops at this installation, the installation commander may without prior approval of higher headquarters, delay the distribution of any publication which he considers undesirable, on property subject to his control.
See Cortright v. Resor, 325 F.Supp. 797, 809 (E.D.N.Y.1971), for a good collection of this literature. E. g., Note, Judicial Review of Military Surveillance of Civilians: Big Brother Wears Modern Army Green, 72 Colum.L.Rev. 1009, 1014-1018 (1972). We note that an act is now before Congress to abolish the $10,000 requirement in actions based upon a federally created right. Hearings on S. 1876 Before the Subcomm. on Improvements in Judicial Machinery of the Senate Comm. on the Judiciary, 92d Cong., 1st Sess., pt. 1, at 1 (1971)
But see Spock v. David, 469 F.2d 1047 (3d Cir. 1972). Recent decisions on this subject conflict. For cases denying jurisdiction under Sec. 1331 see, e. g., Goldsmith v. Sutherland, 426 F.2d 1395 (6th Cir. 1970); Giancana v. Johnson, 335 F.2d 366 (7th Cir. 1964). For cases upholding jurisdiction see, e. g., Fifth Ave. Peace Parade Comm. v. Hoover, 327 F.Supp. 238 (S.D.N.Y.1971); Cortright v. Resor, 325 F.Supp. 797 (E.D.N.Y.1971); Murray v. Vaughn, 300 F.Supp. 688 (D.R.I.1969). See Note, Judicial Review of Military Surveillance of Civilians: Big Brother Wears Modern Army Green, 72 Colum.L.Rev. 1009, 1019-1022, 1051-1054 (1972)
E. g., Carey v. Local Board No. 2, Hartford, Conn., 297 F.Supp. 252, n. 3 (D.Conn.), aff'd, 412 F.2d 71 (2d Cir. 1969). See generally 3 K. Davis, Administrative Law Treaties Sec. 23.09 (Supp. 1965). When Congress was considering the enactment of 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1361, it was the recommendation of the Department of Justice that the statute include the word "ministerial" before the word duty. The suggestion was not accepted by Congress. The omission may be significant
E. g., Massachusetts v. Connor, 248 F.Supp. 656, 659 (D.Mass.), aff'd, 366 F.2d 778 (1st Cir. 1966)
On remand it will be for the district court, of course, to determine what areas of Fort Bragg are open to the public in the Flower sense. Our recitation of the allegations of the complaint is that only
To accept the government's contention that General Tolson's duty here was "discretionary" rather than "ministerial" does not necessarily resolve the question of the availability of mandamus. It is not easy to tell what the cases mean. For example, in Cortright v. Resor, 325 F.Supp. 797 (E.D.N.Y.1971), the government did not even challenge the district judge's holding that there was mandamus jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1361 to review the order of the commanding general transferring soldiers to different stations-certainly a matter ordinarily within his discretion. Again, the Second Circuit, in United States ex rel Schonbrun v. Commanding Officer, 403 F.2d 371, 374 (2d Cir. 1968), recognized that although mandamus jurisdiction was not available to direct the exercise of discretion, "official conduct may have gone so far beyond any rational exercise of discretion as to call for mandamus even when the action is within the letter of the authority granted." In Feliciano v. Laird, 426 F.2d 424 (2d Cir. 1970), it was held that the failure of the Army to follow its own regulations was enough to support the writ of mandamus and that the disapproval of an application for a hardship discharge was arbitrary and irrational rather than within the discretion of the military authority. In Nixon v. Secretary of Navy, 422 F.2d 934, 939 (2d Cir. 1970), it was said as to the military, "there are certain limitations to this 'hands-off' policy, and official military conduct may go so far beyond the limits of what may be considered a rational exercise of discretion as to call for mandamus."
Long before the enactment of the present statute, Chief Justice Taft spoke to the ministerial-discretionary dichotomy:
Mandamus issues to compel an officer to perform a purely ministerial duty. It cannot be used to compel or control a duty in the discharge of which by law he is given discretion. The duty may be discretionary within limits. He cannot transgress those limits, and if he does so, he may be controlled by injunction or mandamus to keep within them. The power of the court to intervene, if at all, thus depends upon what statutory discretion he has.
Work v. United States ex rel. Rives, 267 U.S. 175, 177, 45 S.Ct. 252, 69 L.Ed. 561 (1925).
Compare the excerpt from Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Fed. Bur. of Narc., 409 F.2d 718, 723, (2d Cir. 1969), rev'd on other grounds, 403 U.S. 388, 91 S.Ct. 1999, 29 L.Ed.2d 619 (1971):
Few more unseemly sights for a democratic country operating under a system of limited governmental power can be imagined than the specter of its courts standing powerless to prevent a clear transgression by the government of a constitutional right of a person with standing to assert it.
See also: Dash v. Commanding General, 307 F.Supp. 849 (D.S.C.1969), aff'd, 429 F.2d 427 (4th Cir. 1970) (mandamus jurisdiction apparently assumed); Chase v. Robson, 435 F.2d 1059 (7th Cir. 1970) (mandamus available against a district judge to prevent prior restraint of first amendment freedom of speech); Yahr v. Resor, 431 F.2d 690 (4th Cir. 1970) (mandamus jurisdiction apparently assumed); Murray v. Vaughn, 300 F.Supp. 688 (D.R.I.1969).
It is far from certain that such a suit could be maintained in a state court. See e. g., Alabama v. Rogers, 187 F.Supp. 848 (M.D.Ala.), aff'd mem., 285 F.2d 430 (5th Cir. 1961). See also Arnold, The Power of State Courts to Enjoin Federal Officers, 73 Yale L.J. 1385 (1964); Warren, Federal and State Court Interference, 43 Harv.L.Rev. 345 (1930)
Mandamus jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1361 permits flexibility in remedy. Davis, supra note 5
1/15/1973 Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 72-1771 Captain Douglas Bruce McGaw v. Colonel A. Allen Farrow
1/15/1973 Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 72-1909 Boyce v. Kilmer
10/27/1972 Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit 72-1934 Benjamin Spock v. Bert A. David, Commander, Fort Dix Militar...
6/12/1972 Supreme Court of the United States 71—1180 John Thomas Flower v. United States
5/26/1972 Supreme Court of the United States 71—492 Lloyd Corporation, Ltd. v. Donald M. Tanner
4/24/1972 Supreme Court of the United States 70—5058 Dorothy Lynch v. Household Finance Corporation
3/20/1972 Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 71-1313 United States v. Clarence E. Crowthers, and Nathaniel W. Pie...
6/21/1971 Supreme Court of the United States 301 Webster Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau...
9/2/1970 Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 14390 Stephen Dash v. The Commanding General, Fort Jackson, South ...
8/27/1970 Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 14423_1 Richard A. Yahr v. Stanley R. Resor, Secretary of the Army
7/23/1970 Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 33737_1 Oliver T. Fein v. Selective Service System Local Board No. 7...
5/28/1970 Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 19767 Steven Goldsmith v. Major General James W. Sutherland
5/1/1970 Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 18424 Frederick Joseph Chase v. Honorable Edwin A. Robson, Judge, ...
4/16/1970 Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 34560_1 Luis Feliciano v. Hon. Melvin R. Laird, Secretary of Defense...
4/16/1970 Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 19739_1 Harvey Ivy, Sr. v. Robert H. Finch, Secretary of Health, Edu...
4/16/1970 Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 19915_1 Joseph F. Green v. United States
2/3/1970 Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 34128 Robert W. Nixon v. Secretary of the Navy, Defendant-Responde...
11/28/1969 Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 13574-13576 United States v. Scott Bradley, United States of America v. ...
6/16/1969 Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 33418 James Carey v. Local Board No. 2, Hartford, Connecticut
5/8/1969 Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit 27359_1 Albert H. Carter v. Robert Seamans, Jr., as Secretary of the...
4/10/1969 Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 32537 Webster Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Federal Bu...
1/31/1967 Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit 19586 Theodore P. Lomax v. United States
1/30/1967 Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 30783_1 Peter Wolff and Richard Shortt v. Selective Service Local Bo...
10/7/1966 Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 6722_1 Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. John T. Connor, Secretary o...
1/24/1966 Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit 8129 Prairie Band of the Pottawatomie Tribe of Indians, Mrs. Minn...
6/30/1964 Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 14272 Sam Giancana v. Marlin W. Johnson, Agent in Charge, Chicago ...
10/9/1961 Supreme Court of the United States 97 Cafeteria and Restaurant Workers Union, Local 473, Afl-Cio v...
5/18/1931 Supreme Court of the United States Nos. 618, 676, 704, 743 United States Ex Rel. McLennan v. Wilbur, Secretary of the I...
4/14/1930 Supreme Court of the United States 77 Wilbur, Secretary of the Interior v. United States Ex Rel. K...
3/2/1925 Supreme Court of the United States 272 Work, Secretary of the Interior v. United States Ex Rel. Riv...
11/6/1990 Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit 88-2450 Joan Brown Donna R. Johnson Susan Matarrese Geoffrey Parker ...
8/16/1983 Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 82-1543 Eula B. Starnes, Johnnie Kaye Lloyd, Nettie E. Clarkson, Jay...
9/10/1976 Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 76-1012 Auckland Holmes v. United States Board of Parole and United ...
2/23/1976 Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 75--7114 12 Fair empl.prac.cas. 501, 11 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 10,742 Ste...
9/3/1975 Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 74-1289 Ardale Calvin v. James B. Conlisk, Jr., Etc.
7/24/1975 Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 75-1006 The City of Highland Park, Illinois, Etc. v. Russell E. Trai...
6/3/1975 Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit 74-1776 Arlene Mattern, on Behalf of Herself and All Others Similarl...
5/1/1975 Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit 74-1730 Janice Winningham, on Behalf of Herself and All Others Simil...
11/20/1974 Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit 74-1266 Robert Wayne Grant, 38013. v. Marvin Hogan, Warden, U.S. N.E...
9/27/1974 Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit 73-1306 United States v. Marshall E. Gourley
5/31/1973 Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit 72-1741 United States v. Jon Randolph Floyd


text:
NIIT Nguru MathLab@Class - a unique technology enabled learning solution for schools unveiled by NIIT mind champion Viswanathan Anand
A revolutionary concept aimed at making learning engaging and meaningful
Madurai / New Delhi December 23, 2015: Five-time World Champion and NIIT MindChampion Viswanathan Anand today unveiled NIIT Nguru MathLab@Class a unique technology enabled learning solution for schools at a function organized at Mahatma Group of Schools, Madurai. NIIT Nguru MathLab@Class has been designed to take teaching and learning of Mathematics to the next level. The holistic solution brings to schools all the key elements required by teachers and students for learning Math. The aim of the solution is to create a lab-like environment in the classroom for every Math Session, without having the students to leave their classes and hence the name MathLab@Class.
MathLab@Class is an extension of NIIT Nguru MathLab Plus that offers multiple teaching and learning aids comprising technology applications, videos, measuring instruments etc. to add element of fun to the difficult subject of mathematics. The objective of NIIT Nguru MathLab@Class is to provide hands-on learning experience to the students within the classroom itself. The various teaching aids will help the teachers to explain the concepts to the students in a better manner.
Mr. Aravind Sathasivam - Regional Business Leader,MindChampion Learning Systems Limited (MLSL), School learning subsidiary of NIIT Ltd, said, "NIIT is committed to make education more impactful and interactive by ensuring that the best tools and resources are made available to thousands of schools across India. We are confident that NIIT Nguru MathLab@Class will make teaching and learning Math a fun-filled experience for both teachers and students at Mahatma Group of Schools, Madurai."
On the occasion of the launch of MathLab@Class, NIIT MindChampion Viswanathan Anand spoke on how the collaborative nature of MathLab Plus allows seamless integration of creativity, connectivity and problem solving for contextual learning. With school education evolving day by day, teaching is no longer confined just to classrooms and blackboards. NIIT Nguru MathLab@Class will help learners visualize abstract concepts, and add a visual element to learning, which enhances retention.
Addressing the students, NIIT MindChampion Viswanathan Anand said, "Getting trained through the latest technology is crucial to success. I believe that the MathLab@Class solution offered by NIIT will help schools to enhance the learning ecosystem in the classrooms. I congratulate NIIT for introducing such an innovative product."
Mrs. Premlatha Panneerselvam Founder, secretary & correspondent of Mahatma Group of School, said, "Mahatma Group of School is committed to providing the best infrastructure to foster academic excellence. In this regard, we are pleased to introduce NIIT Nguru MathLab@Class in our school. NIIT's MathLab Plus provides an opportunity to students to understand, internalize, discover and verify the basic mathematical and geometrical concepts through concrete objects and situations, thus building interest and confidence for mathematics. MathLab@Class goes beyond the teaching- learning environment and will enhance student interest and confidence in the subject."
MathLab@Class is a complete solution comprising a fully loaded, exciting, mobile trolley which contains all the physical and digital learning aid (with all the hardware/software involved), that can be taken across classrooms. The present version of the product would cater to the teaching curriculum from standard 2 to standard 8.
NIIT Nguru is a holistic solution for schools that utilizes state- of- the- art appropriate technology as the backbone and encompasses all the possible components required to service the present and future learning needs of a school. NIIT Nguru suite consists of Math Lab, IT Wizard Next, Learning Lab for students and Quick School, an 'Education Resource Planning' solution for the school management and 'Interactive Classrooms' for teachers.
Established in 1981, NIIT Limited, a global leader in Skills and Talent Development, offers multi-disciplinary learning management and training delivery solutions to corporations, institutions, and individuals in over 40 countries. NIIT has three main lines of business across the globe- Corporate Learning Group, Skills and Careers Group, and School Learning Group.
NIIT's Corporate Learning Group (CLG) offers Managed Training Services (MTS) to market-leading companies in North America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. The comprehensive suite of Managed Training Services includes custom Curriculum Design and Content Development, Learning Administration, Learning Delivery, Strategic Sourcing, Learning Technology, and Advisory Services. With a team of some of the world's finest learning professionals, NIIT is dedicated to helping customers increase the business value of learning and development (L&D). Built on the sound principles of 'Running Training like a Business', NIIT's Managed Training Services and best-in-class training processes enable customers to align business goals with L&D, reduce costs, realise measurable value, benefit from rock-solid operations, and increase business impact.
NIIT's Skills and Careers Group (SNC) delivers a diverse range of learning and talent development programs to millions of individual and corporate learners in areas including Banking, Finance & Insurance, Soft Skills, Business Process Excellence, Retail Sales Enablement, Management Education, Multi-Sectoral Vocational Skills, Digital Media Marketing, and new-age IT. These programs are delivered through a hybrid combination of the 'Cloud Campus' online platform, satellite-based 'Synchronous Learning Technology' and a physical network of hundreds of learning centers in India, China, and select markets in Asia & Africa. The flagship multi-disciplinary course offerings include the industry-endorsed RevGNIIT program and a set of Post Graduate Programs for students from different streams, apart from a wide range of specialist short duration programs.
To further strengthen its SNC portfolio in India, NIIT has tied up with industry majors like ICICI Bank for NIIT Institute of Finance Banking Insurance& Training Limited, IFBI; leading business schools in India for NIIT Imperia; Genpact for NIIT Uniqua; and a joint venture with NSDC for NIIT YuvaJyoti Limited. Besides this, for the China market, NIIT has tied up with governments and software parks in Guian, Chongqing, Wuxi, Suzhou, Changzhou, Zhangjiagang, Haikou and Dafeng, for state-of-the-art public-private partnership centres.
As NIIT's wholly owned subsidiary for its K-12 school learning initiative - MindChampion Learning Systems Limited (MLSL), is providing technology based learning to around 2,000 private schools across India, reaching out to more than a million students. The futuristic NIIT nGuru range of learning solutions for schools comprises technology-driven Math Lab, IT Wizard programs, English Plus, Quick School - an Education Resource Planning software and Interactive Classrooms with digital content.
As the Most Trusted Brand in India for 3rd year in a row (Brand Trust Report, 2015), NIIT's learning and talent development solutions, continue to receive widespread recognition globally. NIIT has been named among the Top 20 Training Outsourcing Companies for the past seven consecutive years by Training Industry, Inc. USA. Further, leading Indian ICT journal Dataquest has conferred upon NIIT the 'Top Training Company' award successively for the past 20 years, since the inception of this category. NIIT YuvaJyoti Ltd was recognized as the Best Vocational Education and Skill Development initiative at the World Education Summit, 2014.
Prateek Chatterjee
Vice President,
Corporate Communications & Marketing, NIIT Limited
Ph: (Cell) +91 9910201085, (Dir) +91 124 4293041
Email: swati.1.sharma@niit.com
Visit us at: www.niit.com
Follow us on: www.twitter.com/niitltd


Watch Chewing Gum Season 1 Episode 3 Online for Free. WatchEpisodeSeries is the best and free site for Chewing Gum Episodes. We picked the best sites to stream Chewing Gum s01e03. Pick a site below and click "Watch Now!" button. If the link you clicked is not working, pick another site from the list and report the broken link. Our staff will remove it immediately.
for Chewing Gum Season 1 Episode 3. It's aired Tuesday, October 20, 2015 but it takes time to convert the episode.
Does anyone have links for this episode, too? There's no working links for this episode.


text:
Фітільє́ () — колишній муніципалітет у Франції, у регіоні Овернь-Рона-Альпи, департамент Ізер. Населення —  осіб (2011).

Муніципалітет був розташований на відстані близько 440 км на південний схід від Парижа, 65 км на південний схід від Ліона, 45 км на північ від Гренобля.

Історія

До 2015 року муніципалітет перебував у складі регіону Рона-Альпи. Від 1 січня 2016 року належав до нового об'єднаного регіону Овернь-Рона-Альпи.

1 січня 2016 року Фітільє, Лез-Абре i Ла-Баті-Дівізен було об'єднано в новий муніципалітет Лез-Абре-ан-Дофіне.

Демографія

Розподіл населення за віком та статтю (2006):

Економіка

У 2010 році в муніципалітеті числилось 661 оподатковане домогосподарство, у яких проживали 1680,5 особи, медіана доходів виносила  євро на одного особоспоживача

Посилання

 Фітільє на сайті французького Національного інституту географії
 [ Розташування муніципалітету Фітільє на мапі Франції та сусідні муніципалітети]

Див. також
 Список муніципалітетів департаменту Ізер

Примітки

Колишні муніципалітети департаменту Ізер


text:
Q: SwiftUI using ForEach and onTapGesture to update selected element causing crash I have some code that I am using, the idea is that the user selects a card they like and a sheet is presented to show more information about that card. The problem is, if I don't have the Text(selectedCard?.name ?? "Not selected") line, it crashes. I was just wondering what I don't understand about Swift/SwiftUI that is making this happen and how I could fix it (as I don't want it to say what card they have selected).
It is where the sheet comes to be presented that it crashes as it finds a nil value for selectedCard but selectedCard should not be nil when that runs. If I add the seemingly unrelated line to display which card has been selected, the value is set fine and it does not crash.
Full code:
import SwiftUI

struct CardsView: View {

    @State private var cardlist = [Cards]()
    @State private var showingSheet = false
    @State private var selectedCard: Cards?

    let columns = [
        GridItem(.adaptive(minimum: 120))
    ]

    var body: some View {
        NavigationView() {
            ScrollView (.vertical, showsIndicators: false) {
                Text("View our full collection of cards below:")
                    .padding(.leading, 20)
                    .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)

                Text(selectedCard?.name ?? "Not selected") // This line stops it from crashing

                    LazyVGrid(columns: columns, spacing: 10) {
                        ForEach(cardlist, id: \.name) { thecard in
                            CardItem(card: thecard)
                                .onTapGesture {
                                    selectedCard = thecard
                                    showingSheet.toggle()
                                }
                        }

                    }
                    .padding([.leading, .trailing])

                Spacer()
            }

            .navigationTitle("Cards")
        }

        .sheet(isPresented: $showingSheet) {
            SpecificCardView(card: selectedCard!)
        }

        .onAppear() {
            loadCards()
        }

    }

    func loadCards() {
        ...
    }

}

A: Your problem is likely due to the view diffing algorithm having a different outcome if you have the text value present, since that would be a difference in the root view. Since you have two pieces of state that represent the sheet, and you are force unwrapping one of them, you're leaving yourself open to danger.
You should get rid of showingSheet, then use the item binding of sheet instead. Make Cards conform to Identifiable, then rewrite the sheet modifier as:
.sheet(item: $selectedCard) { SpecificCardView(card: $0) }

This will also reset your selected card to nil when the sheet is dismissed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Cerkev svetega Pavla (nemško Paulskirche) stoji na Pavlovem trgu (Paulsplatz) v središču Frankfurta in je pomemben političen simbol Nemčije. Nastala je kot luteranska cerkev leta 1789, istega leta kot francoska revolucija. Leta 1848 je postala sedež Frankfurtskega parlamenta, prvega javno in svobodno izvoljenega nemškega zakonodajnega organa.

Zgodovina
Svobodno mesto Frankfurt, ki je tedaj upravljalo pravno neločeno luteransko državno cerkev, je Johannu Andreasu Liebhardtu leta 1789 naročil gradnjo osrednje cerkvene zgradbe ovalne oblike.  Nova cerkvena zgradba je bila zamenjava za nekdanjo cerkev bosonogih avguštincev (Barfüßerkirche), ki so jo zaradi propadanja podrli leta 1786. Gradnja je bila prekinjena med napoleonskimi vojnami. Novo zgradbo je med letoma 1829 in 1833 dokončal Johann Friedrich Christian Hess, leta 1833 so bile odklopljene orgle. Med letoma 1786 in 1833 so bili luteranski obredi v stari cerkvi svetega Nikolaja v Römerbergu, trgu na jugu, ki je bila prav tako v lasti svobodnega mesta, nato pa jo je uporabljala cerkvena garnizija za svoje čete.

Leta 1830 je svobodno mesto izdalo dotacijsko listino (Dotationsurkunde), ki je potrdila njegovo dolgoletno lastništvo in vzdrževanje cerkvene zgradbe v starem mestnem jedru (tako imenovane dotacijske cerkve – Dotationskirchen), obenem pa je njihovo uporabo prepustila luteranski državni cerkvi ali župnijskim katoliškim cerkvam, osvobojenim v Napoleonovi dobi. Dotacijska listina je zakonsko ustanovila trajno neplačan užitek devetim mestnim cerkvenim zgradbam, šestim luteranskim in trem katoliškim župnijam. Druge verske skupine, kot so bili Judje in reformirani protestanti, niso bili deležni teh javnih sredstev.

Zaradi svojega značilnega protestantskega centraliziranega tlorisa (Predigtkirche), ki omogoča, da vsi slišijo pridigarja ali govorca, je bila priljubljeno zbirališče za frankfurtski parlament v obdobju nemške revolucije 1848/49.

Od 31. marca do 3. aprila 1848 je bila zbirališče za predparlament (Vorparlament), ki se je pripravljal na volitve v državni zbor. 18. maja 1848 se je državni zbor v cerkvi sestal prvič in bil zato imenovan Paulskirchenparlament. Do leta 1849 je državni zbor deloval v cerkvi, oblikoval prvo ustavo združene Nemčije. Odpor Prusije, Avstrijskega cesarstva in nekaj manjših nemških državic je na koncu uničil ves trud.

Maja 1849 je bilo več uporov, s katerimi so uporniki želeli doseči, da bi se uresničevala ustava, a so bili zatrti s pomočjo Prusije. 30. maja 1849 je bil Paulskirchenparlament razpuščen. Po letu 1852 je bilo v cerkvi svetega Pavla ponovno luteransko bogoslužje.

Marca leta 1944, med drugo svetovno vojno, je bila cerkev uničena skupaj z večino širšega središča mesta zaradi zavezniškega bombardiranja Frankfurta. V poklon svobodi in zibelki Nemčije je bila cerkev prva zgradba v Frankfurtu, ki jo je mesto obnovilo takoj po vojni. Toda mesto je želelo izkoristiti rekonstruirane zgradbe, tako da sta luteranska kongregacija in mesto sklenila zamenjati cerkev za staro cerkev svetega Nikolaja, ki je bila tudi poškodovana ob bombardiranju.

Cerkev svetega Pavla je bila ponovno odprta ob stoletnici Frankfurtskega parlamenta. Zaradi finančnih omejitev in spremenjene zasnove uporabe je bila prvotna notranja oblika dramatično spremenjena in je delo arhitekturne skupine Rudolfa Schwarza. Vstavljen strop deli klet, ki se zdaj uporablja kot razstavni prostor, od dejanske dvorane v glavnem nadstropju.

Leta 1963 je imel v cerkvi ob obisku v državi govor ameriški predsednik John F. Kennedy.

Ob 150. rojstnem dnevu nemške demokratične izkušnje leta 1998 je cerkev svetega Pavla spet pritegnila zanimanje javnosti.

Danes se ne uporablja več kot cerkev, postala je prizorišče za različne razstave in dogodke. Najbolj znana je letna podelitev nagrade za mir nemških knjigotržcev (Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels) na Frankfurtskem knjižnem sejmu.

Arhitektura

Cerkev svetega Pavla je klasicistična zgradba v tlorisu elipse, katere najdaljši premer je približno 40 metrov in najkrajši približno 30 metrov. Elipsi je na daljši strani pritrjen trinadstropni južni stolp kvadratnega tlorisa. Vhod v stolp je okrašen z dvokapnim zatrepom, ki je podprt z dvema stebroma. Okenske odprtine v zgornjih nadstropjih stolpa uokvirjajo ravni pilastri, v drugem nadstropju dorski in tretjem nadstropju jonski. Kap je na višini 28 metrov.

Stopnišči segata do višine atike na severovzhodni in severozahodni strani. Nad atiko je do uničenja leta 1944 stala kupolasta streha (Deutsche Dach), ki je bila razčlenjena s sedmimi majhnimi mansardami. Lesena strešna konstrukcija iz jelke in hrasta je imela v tamburju razpon 37 metrov. Prvotni načrt Johanna Friedricha Christiana Hessa je jasno kazal, da se je zgledoval po Panteonu v Rimu. Imela je veliko strešno okno za osvetlitev notranjosti cerkve od zgoraj. Te oblike ni bilo mogoče izvesti zaradi stroškov.

Med obnovo po drugi svetovni vojni se je arhitekt Rudolf Schwarz odpovedal visoki kupoli in je zgradil le rahlo ukrivljeno z bakrom pokrito streho. Ta odločitev je bila večkrat kritizirana, vendar so bile okoliščine obnove drugačne tudi zaradi pomanjkanja lesa in usposobljenih tesarjev za rekonstrukcijo zapletenega lesenega ostrešja. Ob prevladujočem pomanjkanju stanovanj je bilo tudi politično neupravičeno prizadevanje za obnovo spomenika. Med obnovo cerkve od leta 1984 do leta 1988 so spoštovali povojne odločitve in je niso obnovili v prvotni obliki.

V tretjem nadstropju stolpa je zgrajena nosilna konstrukcija za šest zvonov. Nad njimi se dviga z bakrom prevlečena lanterna. Leta 1838 je Združenje za fiziko v njem ustanovilo astronomski observatorij. Po njem od leta 1893 prilagajajo tudi druge frankfurtske ure.
Fasada je razdeljena na dve ravni, ki se dvigata nad nizkim talnim zidcem. V kleti prvotno ni bilo oken, zdaj so okenske odprtine, ki so bile  narejene za osvetlitev novo oblikovane kleti po vojni.

Velika obokana okna v prvem in drugem nadstropju zagotavljajo dobro osvetlitev notranjosti. Po Hessovi zamislili notranjosti so bila usmerjena proti jugu, kjer je bil v notranjosti oltar, nad prižnico in emporo pa orgle. Empora je bila podprta z 20 korintskimi stebri ter imela prostor za 1200 ljudi. V pritličju je lahko sedelo okoli 500 ljudi.

Vsi prostori s stolpnim portalom zadaj so usmerjeni proti jugu. Simbolično so bili vsi trije bistveni elementi luteranskega čaščenja, to so zakrament, pridiga in pohvala, kombinirani.

Že ob posvetitvi cerkve se je pokazala slaba akustika. Odmevni čas je bil predolg s približno petimi sekundami in prisilil pridigarja govoriti nenaravno počasi in raztegnjeno. Kljub več poskusom jim ni nikoli uspelo rešiti problema. Nad prižnico so namestili akustični baldahin.

Med obnovo se je zasnova notranjosti popolnoma spremenila. Cerkev je dobila klet, v kateri so bile potrebne zmogljivosti. Čez stopnice v vhodnem stolpu je narejen štiri metre visok predprostor s prečniki iz marmorja. Iz predprostora dve stopnici vodita vzdolž ukrivljene stene v dvorano, ki je bistveno višja kot v stari cerkvi. 28 metrov visoka dvorana je namenoma preprosta, stoli spominjajo na dvorano ali parlament. Z odpravo empore deluje bolj monumentalno kot pred uničenjem. Edini okras stene so zastave Zvezne republike Nemčije, šestnajstih držav in mesta Frankfurt.

Mural

Leta 1987 je berlinski slikar Johannes Grützke zmagal na natečaju za oblikovanje tri metre friza na notranjem ovalnem hodniku. Njegova ogromna slika Der Zug der Volksvertreter (Vlak predstavnikov) je bila narejena leta 1989 do 1991 v ateljeju v Berlinu, od koder je bila prepeljana v cerkev. V desetih prizorih prikazuje poslance v odnosu do ljudi. Medtem ko so ljudje, barvite, alegorične figure, še vedno v ospredju, so v nadaljevanju enobarvni sivočrno platirani predstavniki za njimi več kot neviden cilj.

Razstave
V preddverju kleti je od leta 1985 stalna razstava z naslovom Pavlova cerkev, simbol demokratične svobode in narodne enotnosti, od leta 1998 ter ob 150. obletnici državnega zbora posodobljena in popravljena. Danes je tu postaja Poti demokracije (Straße der Demokratie), 280 km dolge turistične poti od Freiburga do Frankfurta. Občasno so tukaj tudi posebne razstave. Leta 1997 je bila tu sporna prva različica razstave nemških oboroženih sil Vernichtungskrieg (Uničevalna vojna), Zločini vermahta 1941–1944 Hamburškega inštituta za družbene raziskave. Polemike v javnosti zaradi predstavitve zločinov vermahta so pozneje povzročile revizijo in potujoča razstava je bila prikazana v številnih mestih.

Sklici

Zunanje povezave

 Wiederaufbau der Paulskirche
 360°-Panorama von Paulskirche und Römerberg
 3D-Schnittzeichnung der Paulskirche
 Die Paulskirche – Symbol demokratischer Freiheit und nationaler Einheit  (PDF, 6,3 MB)

Zgradbe in objekti v Frankfurtu
Cerkve v Nemčiji
Klasicistična arhitektura v Nemčiji
Zgradbe in objekti, zgrajeni leta 1789
Frankfurt