The strike is still labor's most indispensable tool. What can we do to revive it?
For Occupy Wall Street, the hole in the curtain was definitively torn open on October 14. In the dead of night, when word went out that Michael Bloomberg was sending the police to Zuccotti Park to force an end to the month-long occupation, an emergency call for help went out from OWS.
In response, New York City's Central Labor Council urged its 1.3 million members to rush to the square to protect the encampment from the cops, and by early morning roughly a thousand people, including hundreds of trade unionists from the Communications Workers, SEIU, and the Teamsters, had gathered and linked arms in defense.
In the end, of course, Bloomberg blinked and that morning's raid was called off — giving the occupiers and their defenders not only a crucial month-long reprieve, but the unfamiliar and exhilarating feeling that they could defeat New York City's massed forces of guns and money. What happened that morning was important: the occupiers had defied the laws of private property — and through the power of numbers and solidarity they had gotten away with it.
A lot of the younger contingent in Occupy Wall Street had never had many dealings with the unions that had rendered this act of solidarity. And despite the promising, if halting, attempts at cooperation, many of them — especially those who consider themselves to be on the movement's radical edge — are openly dismissive of unions.
And why shouldn't they be? Not only has the organized section of the working class shrunk relentlessly to just 12 percent, but by all appearances its organizations long ago turned into the kind of hopelessly desiccated simulacra of resistance that young radicals and proto-radicals avoid like the plague.
In the public mind, union "activism" in recent years has been associated with images of defeat: hundreds of identically t-shirted workers bused in to forlorn protests on the National Mall; stultifying rallies featuring scripted speeches delivered in front of slogan-printed backdrops; and the occasional kabuki "strike" that seems more like a sullen and oddly masochistic PR stunt than an instance of direct action.
But while it is easy to see the external qualities that make the labor movement appear to be just another feature in the landscape of capitalist realism in the eyes of the young advocates of militant direct action, few really understand how this situation came about. How did a movement, a practice, that once could inspire radicals with street battles and occupations, bravura feats of solidarity and heroism — that once tore holes in the curtain of capitalist hegemony almost as a matter of course — morph into the slick and routine management of decline personified by Andy Stern?
There are shelves of books on labor history that recount important aspects of this story, from state repression to working-class racism to party politics. But Reviving the Strike: How Working People Can Regain Power and Transform America, published in 2011 by Joe Burns, a union negotiator in Minneapolis, demystifies what is probably the most tangible element in modern labor's aura of lifelessness: the virtual disappearance of the strike.
And in telling the story of the strike's disappearance, Burns inadvertently reveals that young radicals who scorn unions and the aging bureaucrats who run them have more in common than one might think.
At the center of Burns's story is what he calls "the traditional strike," which was the heart of trade union activity from the beginnings of labor history until its virtual disappearance after the 1970s. The crucial characteristic of the traditional strike — its sole reason for being — is that it forces capital to stop production. Although this fact may seem slightly obvious, its significance for both workers and radicals has been largely forgotten.
In the earliest days, when the labor movement was dominated by skilled craft workers who could not be easily replaced, a strike could simply consist of workers putting down their tools until their employers had met their demands. But with the advent of mass production, the majority of workers were now unskilled or semi-skilled and simply walking out on their jobs would only get them fired and replaced with scabs.
The traditional strike was an open and unabashed physical attack on the private property rights of the capitalist, and this fact was never denied by the mainstream leaders of the trade union movement. Perhaps the most convincing feature of Burns's account is that despite the author's personal identification with the radical strand of the union tradition, he goes out of his way to draw on examples from the most conservative figures in labor history: the Samuel Gompers, the Dave Becks, the George Meanys.
These leaders not only accepted but took for granted that the labor movement must use or credibly threaten to use force to shut down capitalist production and that without this tool, nothing could be achieved by the trade union movement.
"A strike can only be effective if and when it brings about a cessation of production. It is an absolute interference on the part of workers with the right of employers to make profit." So said Homer Martin, the conservative former Baptist minister handpicked by the Gompersite AFL leadership to serve briefly as the first United Auto Workers (UAW) president (before being overthrown by a more militant faction).
Radical tactics could only exist with a radical theory to support them. The act of blockading a private building in defiance of the police, the resort to forceful measures against scabs, are acts so deeply at odds with the law-abiding instincts of most people — working class, middle class, or otherwise — that they will not do them without a clear account in their own minds of why such behavior is justified.
That is why in the era of the traditional strike the labor movement was obliged to hold and propagate a counter-capitalist ideology based around the simple slogan that "labor is not a commodity" — the notion that it is illegitimate to treat human labor as something to be bought and sold for a market-clearing price, and that striking workers are therefore justified in using all necessary means to disrupt its sale.
Unions not only believed stopping production was their sole effective means of striking; they considered it to be, ultimately, their only source of power. Again, this notion was a truism, enshrined in college labor textbooks.
All this should give some sense of why the near disappearance of the production-halting strike since the 1980s is a phenomenon of such far-reaching importance.
A large section of Burns's book is devoted to meticulously tracing the path that led to today's situation. Companies entered the post-WWII period sufficiently scarred by the militancy of the 1930s and sufficiently cowed by popular acceptance of working-class direct action that an "unspoken norm" developed, according to which management responded to any breakdown in collective bargaining by shutting down production on its own. This prevented the outbreaks of violence and embitterment associated with strikes and provided a calm atmosphere in which negotiations could take place.
But meanwhile, during this period of relative harmony, the judicial and political systems were quietly and insidiously entrapping the unions in a little-understood web of repressive measures that collectively make up what Burns calls "the system of labor control." The system, which developed gradually from the late 1930s through the 1960s, functions as an organic whole.
No one piece destroyed the strike on its own; rather, each element carefully reinforces all the others. One of the system's remarkable aspects is how juridically unorthodox it often is: as law scholars regularly point out, many court decisions clearly contradict the stated text of the National Labor Relations Act. Meanwhile, labor legislation often resorts to startlingly coercive state intervention to achieve its capitalist ends. The system is too elaborate to explain here in full, but a few details will give a flavor of how it operates.
These measures placed serious obstacles in the way of successful strikes. But the real ticking time bomb of labor law was the Supreme Court's 1938 decision in NLRB v. Mackay Radio giving employers the right to permanently replace striking workers.
One of the most criticized decisions in legal history, the "Mackay doctrine" discovered a previously unknown distinction between "discharging" striking workers — which the court acknowledged was not permitted by the NLRA — and merely "replacing" them permanently with scabs. As a result of this decision, the United States remains one of the few democratic countries in the world where strikers can be permanently replaced.
Since the 1980s, the very idea of the production-halting strike has gradually dropped out of circulation among labor leaders. Today it is virtually forgotten. In its place has sprouted a panoply of alternative panaceas for restoring labor's strength — social unionism, community partnerships, the focus on organizing — all of which avoid the central issue.
In discussing this evasion, Burns scores the timidity of the dominant thinking within the labor movement. Yet in doing so he (inadvertently) calls to mind something unexpected: the ironic parallel between the anti-union radicalism within the Occupy movements and the well-ensconced union bureaucrats themselves.
During the late 1970s and 1980s, when many of these activists entered the labor establishment, the leadership of most international unions was intensely conservative and hostile to progressive ideas. Working within a labor movement that lacked an aggressive or cohesive left wing, many formerly progressive policymakers accepted the new, management-centric order that was being created within the movement by the employer onslaught of the 1980s.
Meanwhile, today's generation of young radicals, like the progressive labor bureaucrats have spent all of their formative years living in the era of capitalist realism — the era of There is No Alternative. And it's perhaps for this reason that each tenet of the union bureaucrat philosophy that Burns recounts finds its distorted mirror image in the views of the young anti-union radicals.
After all, the prevailing attitude in certain precincts of the Occupy movement is that unions by their very nature will never break the law. That workplaces are not at the center of the struggle. That middle-class intellectuals and full-time activists should take the lead role in strategy and that these groups do not have different material interests than rank-and-file workers. That building "communes," rather than confronting capital, should be the movement's main mission. And, above all, that one can tacitly resign oneself to the permanence of capitalism and neoliberalism and still devise effective movement tactics.
The irony is poignant. When Burns writes that "conservative trade unionists such as Samuel Gompers were more radical than even today's labor left," the same could be said of many of the Occupy movement's young intellectuals.
He argues that a militant current within the existing unions could support the creation of independent worker organizations possessing no assets and no property. These organizations would be able to violate Taft-Hartley and other laws: to strike and organize using tactics that defy the authorities and target the shutdown of production without fear of losing years of accumulated strike funds in lawsuits or court fines.
There are precedents: the Mineworkers' sponsorship of Communist-led steelworker organizing in the mid 1930s; the establishment of AFL federal unions in the same period, most of whose members ended up joining the CIO. The basic concept was even endorsed by the American Federation of Teachers in a 2005 memo on possible future labor strategies.
The idea is straightforward, but it is sufficiently unconventional and risky that it is hard to imagine it happening in the absence of a once-in-a-generation radical upsurge. Burns published his book last May — four months before the occupation of Zuccotti Park.
Since then, a radical mobilization that many of us doubted we would see in our lifetimes has erupted. If we, as activists, students and intellectuals are serious about challenging capitalism, we will ask how we can help to foster a militant rank-and-file led workers' movement. Because there are millions of them and far fewer of us. And without mass radicalization within the working class, sooner or later the oppressive curtain of capitalist realism will descend on us once again.
The strike is still labor's most indispensable tool. What can we do to revive it?


Hanging furniture is perfect for relaxation and dreaming, and we've already shared outdoor hanging beds for those who love napping outside, and today I'd like to show you some impossibly cute hanging chairs. Hanging chairs are awesome both for dreaming indoors and for swinging near the pool after enjoying the water. There are different models from various designers (and tutorials for those who like DIYs) – wood and metal are perfect for the base but then you can find anything: from transparent plastic and rattan to lace and ropes in different patterns or just minimalist. Don't forget to put some cozy soft pillows and fur in winter and you'll get a comfy swing chair, you and your kids will be excited! For outdoors choose more durable materials that can withstand some bad weather conditions. Get inspired by cool ideas below and enjoy!
When I initially commented I appear to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now whenever a comment is added I get 4 emails with the same comment. Is there a means you are able to remove me from that service? Many thanks!
UDgQmp It as not that I want to replicate your website, but I really like the pattern. Could you tell me which design are you using? Or was it tailor made?
5Uufrj Very good post. I absolutely love this website. Keep writing!


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'Force Awakens': Harrison Ford Talks 'Star Wars' Secrecy, Becoming Han Solo Once More
The actor also reveals to THR that he gave advice to young star Daisy Ridley about dealing with fame — but not John Boyega: "He's not a guy that asks anybody about anything."
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Han Solo was introduced to audiences in 1977. That is when actor Harrison Ford first picked up a blaster and donned his now iconic vest, becoming film's favorite space cowboy, steering the Millennium Falcon straight into the hearts of moviegoers.
Thirty-eight years later, audiences get a second chance at a first introduction with the upcoming release of Disney and Lucasfilm's Star Wars: The Force Awakens. But releasing a Star Wars in 2015 is very different than releasing a Star Wars in 1977.
During the Star Wars media day, which took place at an publicly undisclosed location, The Hollywood Reporter sat down with the actor who said one big difference between the two releases is that the first time around "nobody gave a rat's ass."
Spoilers weren't really an issue the first time around with Star Wars. How has that affected your experience this time?
I can't tell you — It's a secret. [Laughs] It's easy for me to keep a secret. I don't want to talk about the film, I want people to submit themselves. I want people to let the whole thing wash over them and discover it in context of the music and the popcorn in a sequential way. You have to preserve the information. They aren't secret, they are just information that you don't want people to know so it becomes a secret. When the first one came out, nobody gave a rat's ass because nobody knew about it. Nobody knew there was going to be a giant spaceship that flew over head and nobody knew what John Williams score was going to sound like — it was a surprise. People would sit there and watch a guy in a dog suit, some monkey running around, some space cowboy running around, some wise old warrior and a princess with buns on her head. It was original.
What was it like revisiting Han Solo after time away?
It was comfortable. I had walked more than a mile in his shoes, so when I put back on his shoes I felt like I knew the path. The shoes knew the path. The right actors know the right direction to take it in. J.J. is sensitive to the utility of a character, so I was in good hands and I had a good script. I was happy to come back and be useful.
Daisy Ridley and John Boyega of 'Star Wars' on Their Close Friendship
Have you given any kind of advice to newcomers Daisy Ridley and John Boyega about handling instant fame?
Daisy asked directly about how it felt and we had a conversation about it. I did tell her it was going to help her get a last-minute dentist's appointment.
Did John ever approach you?
No. He is not a guy that asks anybody about anything. He's a interesting character. He will tell you that I am his best friend — that is how full of shit he is — but he is fun to be around and brings a real energy to the part.
Daisy, as well. She worked really hard to become physically the way this character is. That is just the bottom line of what she did. They are both wonderful in the movie — J.J. brilliantly cast them and lent them the power that the film has to articulate their characters.
How was it visiting Star Wars as a tactile world again?
It is nice to be on any film set for me, whether it is an office or a spaceship or a horse. I like my work … not my work, but the work. I enjoy the process of working with people to tell a story. I am there for the fun of it. I love the business of figuring out what to do and figuring out how to do it as best you can. I love the pressure of time. I love the fact that there are 250 people who don't know what to do unless you know what to do. I like the problem solving aspect of the job.
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Three of your franchise films (Star Wars, Indiana Jones and Blade Runner) are either rumored or definitely being brought back for sequels. Why do you think now is the ideal moment to be doing that?
It isn't. it is just the way it shakes out. It is not something I or anyone else has plotted. The whole point is to build on what was solid in the earlier versions and take that goodwill and make a new, more developed experience.
It is fun. To work with Steven [Spielberg] on an Indiana Jones movie would be great fun. To work with a new director on a script that was crafted that Ridley [Scott] was partially responsible for and work with Ryan Gosling, who I have always admired greatly, is good stuff. That is the business I am in, and I'm just happy to still be in business.
Star Wars: The Force Awakens flies into theaters on Dec. 18.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Ceci est une liste des espèces de mammifères recensées au Bénin. Parmi les espèces de mammifères du Bénin, trois sont en danger, neuf sont vulnérables et deux sont quasi menacées. Cette liste est dérivée de la Liste rouge de l'UICN qui répertorie les espèces de mammifères et inclut les mammifères qui ont été récemment classés comme éteints (depuis 1500 après JC). La taxonomie des espèces est basée sur celle de l'UICN, de la Smithsonian Institution ou de l'Université du Michigan.

Les balises suivantes sont utilisées pour mettre en évidence l'état de conservation de chaque espèce tel qu'évalué par l'Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature :

Certaines espèces ont été évaluées à l'aide d'un ensemble de critères antérieurs. Les espèces évaluées à l'aide de ce système ont les catégories suivantes au lieu des catégories quasi menacées et moins préoccupantes :

Ordre : Tubulidentata (aardvark)

 Famille : Orycteropodidae (Oryctérope)
 Genre : Orycteropus
 Oryctérope, O. afer LC

Ordre : Hyracoidea (hyrax)
Les damans sont l'une des quatre espèces de mammifères herbivores assez petits et épais de l'ordre des Hyracoidea. De la taille d'un chat domestique, ils ont une bonne fourrure, un corps arrondi et une queue courte. Ils sont originaires d'Afrique et du Moyen-Orient.

 Famille : Procaviidae (hyrax)
 Genre : Dendrohyrax
 Hyrax des arbres de l'Ouest, D. dorsalis LC
 Genre : Procavia
 Daman du Cap, P. capensis LC

Ordre : Proboscidea (éléphants)
Les éléphants comprennent trois espèces vivantes et sont les plus grands animaux terrestres vivants.

 Famille : Elephantidae (éléphants)
 Genre : Loxodonte
 Éléphant de forêt d'Afrique, L. cyclotis CR

Ordre : Sirenia (lamantins et dugongs)
Sirenia est un ordre de mammifères herbivores entièrement aquatiques qui habitent les rivières, les estuaires, les eaux marines côtières, les marécages et les zones humides marines. Les quatre espèces sont menacées.

 Famille : Trichéchidés
 Genre : Trichechus
 Lamantin africain, Trichechus senegalensis VU

L'ordre des primates comprend les humains et leurs plus proches parents : les lémuriens, les lorisoïdes, les tarsiers, les singes et les grands singes.

 Sous-ordre : Strepsirrhini
 Infra-ordre : Lémuriformes
 Superfamille : Lorisoidea
 Famille : Lorisidés
 Genre : Perodicticus
 Potto, Perodicticus potto LR/lc
 Famille : Galagidés
 Genre : Galagoïdes
 Bushbaby du prince Demidoff, Galagoides demidovii LR/lc
 Genre : Galago
 Galago du Sénégal, Galago senegalensis LR/lc
 Sous-ordre : Haplorhini
 Infraordre : Simiiformes
 Parvorder: Catarrhini
 Superfamille : Cercopithecoidea
 Famille : Cercopithecidae (singes de l'Ancien Monde)
 Genre : Erythrocebus
 Singe patas, Erythrocebus patas LR/lc
 Genre : Chlorocébus
 Singe tantale, Chlorocebus tantalus LR/lc
 Genre : Cercopithecus
 Guénon à gorge blanche, Cercopithecus erythrogaster FR
 Singe Mona, Cercopithecus mona LR/lc
 Grand singe à nez tacheté, Cercopithecus nictitans LR/lc
 Guénon à nez tacheté moindre, Cercopithecus petaurista LR/lc
 Genre : Papio
 Babouin olive, Papio anubis LR/lc
 Sous-famille : Colobinae
 Genre : Colobe
 Colobe royal, Colobus polykomos LR /nt
 Colobe ursin, Colobus vellerosus VU
 Genre : Procolobus
 Colobe olive, Procolobus verus LR/nt
 Superfamille : Hominoidea
 Famille : Hominidés
 Sous-famille : Homininae
 Tribu : Panini
 Genre : Casserole
 Chimpanzé commun, Pan troglodytes FR

Ordre : Rodentia (rongeurs)
Les rongeurs constituent le plus grand ordre de mammifères, avec plus de 40 % des espèces de mammifères. Ils ont deux incisives dans la mâchoire supérieure et inférieure qui poussent continuellement et doivent être maintenues courtes en rongeant. La plupart des rongeurs sont petits bien que le capybara puisse peser jusqu'à 45 kg (100 kg).

 Suborder: Hystricomorpha
 Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
 Genus: Atherurus
 African brush-tailed porcupine, Atherurus africanus LC
 Genus: Hystrix
 Crested porcupine, Hystrix cristata LC
 Family: Thryonomyidae (cane rats)
 Genus: Thryonomys
 Greater cane rat, Thryonomys swinderianus LC
 Suborder: Sciurognathi
 Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
 Subfamily: Xerinae
 Tribe: Xerini
 Genus: Xerus
 Striped ground squirrel, Xerus erythropus LC
 Tribe: Protoxerini
 Genus: Funisciurus
 Thomas's rope squirrel, Funisciurus anerythrus DD
 Red-cheeked rope squirrel, Funisciurus leucogenys DD
 Kintampo rope squirrel, Funisciurus substriatus DD
 Genus: Heliosciurus
 Gambian sun squirrel, Heliosciurus gambianus LC
 Red-legged sun squirrel, Heliosciurus rufobrachium LC
 Genus: Paraxerus
 Green bush squirrel, Paraxerus poensis LC
 Genus: Protoxerus
 Forest giant squirrel, Protoxerus stangeri LC
 Family: Gliridae (dormice)
 Subfamily: Graphiurinae
 Genus: Graphiurus
 Jentink's dormouse, Graphiurus crassicaudatus DD
 Family: Nesomyidae
 Subfamily: Dendromurinae
 Genus: Dendromus
 Gray climbing mouse, Dendromus melanotis LC
 Banana climbing mouse, Dendromus messorius LC
 Genus: Steatomys
 Northwestern fat mouse, Steatomys caurinus LC
 Dainty fat mouse, Steatomys cuppedius LC
 Subfamily: Cricetomyinae
 Genus: Cricetomys
 Emin's pouched rat, Cricetomys emini LC
 Gambian pouched rat, Cricetomys gambianus LC
 Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
 Subfamily: Deomyinae
 Genus: Acomys
 Johan's spiny mouse, Acomys johannis LC
 Genus: Lophuromys
 Rusty-bellied brush-furred rat, Lophuromys sikapusi LC
 Genus: Uranomys
 Rudd's mouse, Uranomys ruddi LC
 Subfamily: Gerbillinae
 Genus: Tatera
 Kemp's gerbil, Tatera kempi LC
 Subfamily: Murinae
 Genus: Arvicanthis
 Sudanian grass rat, Arvicanthis ansorgei LC
 African grass rat, Arvicanthis niloticus LC
 Guinean grass rat, Arvicanthis rufinus LC
 Genus: Dasymys
 West African shaggy rat, Dasymys rufulus LC
 Genus: Hylomyscus
 Allen's wood mouse, Hylomyscus alleni LC
 Genus: Lemniscomys
 Typical striped grass mouse, Lemniscomys striatus LC
 Heuglin's striped grass mouse, Lemniscomys zebra LC
 Genus: Mastomys
 Guinea multimammate mouse, Mastomys erythroleucus LC
 Natal multimammate mouse, Mastomys natalensis LC
 Genus: Mus
 Baoule's mouse, Mus baoulei LC
 Hausa mouse, Mus haussa LC
 Matthey's mouse, Mus mattheyi LC
 African pygmy mouse, Mus minutoides LC
 Peters's mouse, Mus setulosus LC
 Genus: Praomys
 Dalton's mouse, Praomys daltoni LC
 Deroo's mouse, Praomys derooi LC
 Tullberg's soft-furred mouse, Praomys tullbergi LC
 Genus: Stochomys
 Target rat, Stochomys longicaudatus LC

Ordre : Lagomorpha (lagomorphes)
Les lagomorphes comprennent deux familles, les Leporidae ( lièvres et lapins ) et les Ochotonidae ( pikas ). Bien qu'ils puissent ressembler à des rongeurs et qu'ils aient été classés comme une superfamille dans cet ordre jusqu'au début du XXe siècle, ils ont depuis été considérés comme un ordre distinct. Ils diffèrent des rongeurs par un certain nombre de caractéristiques physiques, comme le fait d'avoir quatre incisives dans la mâchoire supérieure au lieu de deux.

 Famille : Leporidae (lapins, lièvres)
 Genre : Lepus
 Lièvre du Cap, Lepus capensis LR/lc

Ordre : Erinaceomorpha (hérissons et gymnures)
L'ordre des Erinaceomorpha contient une seule famille, les Erinaceidae, qui comprend les hérissons et les gymnures. Les hérissons sont facilement reconnaissables à leurs épines tandis que les gymnures ressemblent plus à de gros rats.

 Famille : Erinaceidae (hérissons)
 Sous-famille : Erinaceinae
 Genre : Atelerix
 Hérisson à quatre doigts, Atelerix albiventris LR/lc

Ordre : Soricomorpha (musaraignes, taupes et solénodons)
Les "musaraignes" sont des mammifères insectivores. Les musaraignes et les solénodons ressemblent beaucoup aux souris tandis que les taupes sont des fouisseurs au corps robuste.

 Famille : Soricidae (musaraignes)
 Sous-famille : Crocidurinae
 Genre : Crocidura
 Musaraigne de Crosse, Crocidura crossei LC
 La musaraigne du renard, Crocidura foxi LC
 Musaraigne des prés, Crocidura fulvastra LC
 Musaraigne musquée bicolore, Crocidura fuscomurina LC
 Musaraigne à grosse tête, Crocidura grandiceps NT
 La musaraigne de Lamotte, Crocidura lamottei LC
 Musaraigne du Nigeria, Crocidura nigeriae LC
 Musaraigne géante africaine, Crocidura olivieri LC
 Musaraigne musquée de Fraser, Crocidura poensis LC
 Musaraigne des chemins de savane, Crocidura viaria LC
 Voi musaraigne, Crocidura voi LC
 Genre : Sylvisorex
 Musaraigne grimpante, Sylvisorex megalura LC

Ordre : Chiroptères (chauves-souris)
La caractéristique la plus distinctive des chauves-souris est que leurs membres antérieurs sont développés comme des ailes, ce qui en fait les seuls mammifères capables de voler. Les espèces de chauves-souris représentent environ 20 % de tous les mammifères.

 Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
 Subfamily: Pteropodinae
 Genus: Eidolon
 Straw-coloured fruit bat, Eidolon helvum LC
 Genus: Epomophorus
 Gambian epauletted fruit bat, Epomophorus gambianus LC
 Genus: Epomops
 Franquet's epauletted fruit bat, Epomops franqueti LC
 Genus: Hypsignathus
 Hammer-headed bat, Hypsignathus monstrosus LC
 Genus: Lissonycteris
 Smith's fruit bat, Lissonycteris smithi LC
 Genus: Micropteropus
 Peters's dwarf epauletted fruit bat, Micropteropus pusillus LC
 Genus: Nanonycteris
 Veldkamp's dwarf epauletted fruit bat, Nanonycteris veldkampi LC
 Subfamily: Macroglossinae
 Genus: Megaloglossus
 Woermann's bat, Megaloglossus woermanni LC
 Family: Vespertilionidae
 Subfamily: Myotinae
 Genus: Myotis
 Rufous mouse-eared bat, Myotis bocagii LC
 Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
 Genus: Glauconycteris
 Abo bat, Glauconycteris poensis LC
 Butterfly bat, Glauconycteris variegata LC
 Genus: Neoromicia
 Cape serotine, Neoromicia capensis LC
 Tiny serotine, Neoromicia guineensis LC
 Banana pipistrelle, Neoromicia nanus LC
 Rendall's serotine, Neoromicia rendalli LC
 Somali serotine, Neoromicia somalicus LC
 Genus: Nycticeinops
 Schlieffen's bat, Nycticeinops schlieffeni LC
 Genus: Pipistrellus
 Aellen's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus inexspectatus DD
 Tiny pipistrelle, Pipistrellus nanulus LC
 Genus: Scotoecus
 Light-winged lesser house bat, Scotoecus albofuscus DD
 Genus: Scotophilus
 African yellow bat, Scotophilus dinganii LC
 White-bellied yellow bat, Scotophilus leucogaster LC
 Schreber's yellow bat, Scotophilus nigrita NT
 Greenish yellow bat, Scotophilus viridis LC
 Family: Molossidae
 Genus: Chaerephon
 Lappet-eared free-tailed bat, Chaerephon major LC
 Nigerian free-tailed bat, Chaerephon nigeriae LC
 Little free-tailed bat, Chaerephon pumila LC
 Genus: Mops
 Angolan free-tailed bat, Mops condylurus LC
 Midas free-tailed bat, Mops midas LC
 Family: Emballonuridae
 Genus: Coleura
 African sheath-tailed bat, Coleura afra LC
 Genus: Taphozous
 Mauritian tomb bat, Taphozous mauritianus LC
 Egyptian tomb bat, Taphozous perforatus LC
 Family: Nycteridae
 Genus: Nycteris
 Gambian slit-faced bat, Nycteris gambiensis LC
 Large slit-faced bat, Nycteris grandis LC
 Hairy slit-faced bat, Nycteris hispida LC
 Large-eared slit-faced bat, Nycteris macrotis LC
 Egyptian slit-faced bat, Nycteris thebaica LC
 Family: Megadermatidae
 Genus: Lavia
 Yellow-winged bat, Lavia frons LC
 Family: Rhinolophidae
 Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
 Genus: Rhinolophus
 Rüppell's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus fumigatus LC
 Lander's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus landeri LC
 Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
 Genus: Hipposideros
 Sundevall's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros caffer LC
 Cyclops roundleaf bat, Hipposideros cyclops LC
 Giant roundleaf bat, Hipposideros gigas LC
 Noack's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros ruber LC

Ordre : Pholidota (pangolins)
L'ordre Pholidota comprend les huit espèces de pangolins. Les pangolins sont des fourmiliers et ont les griffes puissantes, le museau allongé et la longue langue que l'on voit chez les autres espèces de fourmiliers non apparentées.

 Famille : Manidea
 Genre : Manis
 Pangolin géant, Manis gigantea LR/lc
 Pangolin arboricole, Manis tricuspis LR/lc

Ordre : Cetacea (baleines)
L'ordre des cétacés comprend les baleines, les dauphins et les marsouins. Ce sont les mammifères les mieux adaptés à la vie aquatique avec un corps presque glabre en forme de fuseau, protégé par une épaisse couche de graisse, et des membres antérieurs et une queue modifiés pour assurer la propulsion sous l'eau.

 Sous-ordre : Mysticéti
 Famille : Balaenoptéridés
 Sous-famille : Balaenopterinae
 Genre : Balaenoptera
 Petit rorqual commun, Balaenoptera acutorostrata VU
 Rorqual boréal, Balaenoptera borealis FR
 Rorqual de Bryde, Balaenoptera brydei FR
 Rorqual bleu, Balaenoptera musculus FR
 Rorqual commun, Balaenoptera physalus FR
 Sous-famille : Megapterinae
 Genre : Mégaptère
 Baleine à bosse, Megaptera novaeangliae VU
 Sous-ordre : Odontocètes
 Superfamille : Platanistoidea
 Famille : Phocoénidés
 Genre : Phocoena
 Marsouin commun, Phocoena phocoena VU
 Famille : Physeteridae
 Genre : Physeter
 Cachalot, Physeter macrocephalus VU
 Famille : Kogiidés
 Genre : Kogia
 Cachalot pygmée, Kogia breviceps DD
 Cachalot nain, Kogia sima DD
 Famille : Ziphidea
 Genre : Mésoplodon
 Baleine à bec de Blainville, Mesoplodon densirostris DD
 Baleine à bec de Gervais, Mesoplodon europaeus DD
 Genre : Ziphius
 Baleine à bec de Cuvier, Ziphius cavirostris DD
 Famille : Delphinidae (dauphins marins)
 Genre : Orcinus
 Orque, Orcinus orca DD
 Genre : Feresa
 Orque pygmée, Feresa attenuata DD
 Genre : Pseudorca
 Fausse orque, Pseudorca crassidens DD
 Genre : Delphinus
 Dauphin commun à bec court, Delphinus delphis LR/cd
 Dauphin commun à long bec, Delphinus capensis DD
 Genre : Sousa
 Dauphin à bosse de l'Atlantique, Sousa teuszii DD
 Genre : Lagenodelphis
 Dauphin de Fraser, Lagenodelphis hosei DD
 Genre : Sténelle
 Dauphin tacheté pantropical, Stenella attenuata LR/cd
 Dauphin clymène, Stenella clymene DD
 Dauphin rayé, Stenella coeruleoalba DD
 Dauphin tacheté de l'Atlantique, Stenella frontalis DD
 Dauphin à long bec, Stenella longirostris LR/cd
 Genre : Steno
 Dauphin à dents rugueuses, Steno bredanensis DD
 Genre : Tursiops
 Grand dauphin commun, Tursiops truncatus LC
 Genre : Globicephala
 Globicéphale à nageoires courtes, Globicephala macrorhynchus DD
 Genre : Grampus
 Dauphin de Risso, Grampus griseus DD
 Genre : Peponocephala
 Baleine à tête de melon, Peponocephala electra DD

Ordre : Carnivora (carnivores)

Il existe plus de 260 espèces de carnivores, dont la majorité se nourrissent principalement de viande. Ils ont une forme de crâne et une dentition caractéristiques.

 Sous-ordre : Feliformia
 Famille : Felidae (chats)
 Sous-famille : Felinae
 Genre : Acinonyx
 Guépard, A. jubatus
 Guépard d'Afrique du Nord-Ouest, A. j. diable CR
 Genre : Caracal
 Caracal, C. caracal LC
 Chat doré d'Afrique, présence de C. aurata VU incertaine
 Genre : Felis
 Chat sauvage d'Afrique, Felis lybica
 Genre : Leptailurus
 Serval, Leptailurus serval LC
 Sous-famille : Pantherinae
 Genre : Panthère
 Lion, Panthera leo VU
 Léopard, Panthera pardus VU
 Famille : Viverridae
 Sous-famille : Viverrinae
 Genre : Civettictis
 Civette africaine, Civettictis civetta LC
 Genre : Genetta
 Genette commune, Genetta genetta LC
 Genette haoussa, Genetta thierryi LClc
 Famille : Nandiniidae
 Genre : Nandinia
 Civette palmiste africaine, Nandinia binotata LC
 Famille : Herpestidae (mangoustes)
 Genre : Crossarchus
 Kusimanse à tête plate, Crossarchus platycephalus LC
 Genre : Galerellea
 Mangouste élancée, Galerella sanguinea LC
 Famille : Hyaenidae (hyènes)
 Genre : Crocuta
 Hyène tachetée, Crocuta crocuta LC
 Genre : Hyène
 Hyène rayée, Hyaena hyaena NT
 Sous-ordre : Caniformia
 Famille : Canidés (chiens, renards)
 Genre : Lupulella
 Chacal à rayures latérales, L. adusta LC
 Genre : Vulpes
 Renard pâle, Vulpes pallida LC
 Genre : Lycaon
 Lycaon, Lycaon pictus FR
 Famille : Mustelidae (mustélidés)
 Genre : Ictonyx
 Putois rayé, Ictonyx striatus LC
 Genre : Mellivora
 Blaireau, Mellivora capensis LC
 Genre : Hydrictis
 Loutre à gorge mouchetée, H. maculicollis LC
 Genre : Aonix
 Loutre africaine sans griffes, Aonyx capensis LC

Ordre : Artiodactyles (ongulés à doigts pairs)

Les ongulés à doigts pairs sont des ongulés dont le poids est supporté à peu près également par les troisième et quatrième orteils, plutôt que principalement ou entièrement par le troisième comme chez les périssodactyles. Il existe environ 220 espèces d'artiodactyles, dont beaucoup sont d'une grande importance économique pour l'homme.

 Famille : Suidae (porcs)
 Sous-famille : Phacochoerinae
 Genre : Phacochère
 Phacochère commun, Phacochoerus africanus LR/lc
 Sous-famille : Suinae
 Genre : Potamochoerus
 Porc de rivière rouge, Potamochoerus porcus LR/lc
 Famille : Hippopotamidae (hippopotames)
 Genre : Hippopotame
 Hippopotame, Hippopotamus amphibius VU
 Famille : Tragulidés
 Genre : Hyemoschus
 Chevrotain d'eau, Hyemoschus aquaticus DD
 Famille : Bovidae (bovins, antilopes, ovins, caprins)
 Sous-famille : Alcelaphinae
 Genre : Alcelaphus
 Bubale, Alcelaphus buselaphus LR/cd
 Genre : Damaliscus
 Topi, Damaliscus lunatus LR/cd
 Sous-famille : Antilopinae
 Genre : Gazelle
 Gazelle à front roux, Gazella rufifrons VU
 Genre : Ourebia
 Oribi, Ourebia ourebi LR/cd
 Sous-famille : Bovinae
 Genre : Syncerus
 Buffle d'Afrique, Syncerus caffer LR/cd
 Genre : Tragelaphus
 Guib harnaché, Tragelaphus scriptus LR/lc
 Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekii LR/nt
 Sous-famille : Cephalophinae
 Genre : Céphalophe
 Céphalophe de Maxwell, Cephalophus maxwellii LR/nt
 Céphalophe bleu, Cephalophus monticola LR/lc
 Céphalophe noir, Cephalophus niger LR/nt
 Céphalophe à flancs rouges, Cephalophus rufilatus LR/cd
 Céphalophe à dos jaune, Cephalophus silvicultor LR/nt
 Genre : Sylvicapra
 Céphalophe commun, Sylvicapra grimmia LR/lc
 Sous-famille : Hippotraginae
 Genre : Hippotragus
 Antilope rouanne, Hippotragus equinus LR/cd
 Sous-famille : Reduncinae
 Genre : Kobus
 Cobe à croissant, Kobus ellipsiprymnus LR/cd
 Kob, Kobus kob LR/cd
 Genre : Redunca
 Bohor roseau, Redunca redunca LR/cd

Notes et Références

Voir également

 Liste des ordres d'accords
 Listes des mammifères par région
 Liste des mammifères préhistoriques
 Classement des mammifères
 Liste des mammifères décrits dans les années 2000

Cordés (classification phylogénétique)

Liste des mammifères en Afrique
Liste des mammifères par région
Pages avec des traductions non relues

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We provide a well balanced program of activities that promote physical, cognitive and emotional development of your child. We offer a safe, rich, growth-enhancing center in which we promote a fun loving learning environment. We serve children ages 6 weeks old- 6 years of age from Bedford, Hooksett, Manchester, Concord, Pembroke, Londonderry, Derry, Amherst, and Bow in our Hooksett, NH and Manchester, NH centers.
At Colorful Apples we take pride in sanitizing our toys, keeping our centers clean, promoting good wellness and health through exercise, and practicing good nutrition and healthy choices.
We offer full and part time enrollment for our families. We include a healthy and enriching breakfast, lunch, PM snack, milk and juice daily in our weekly tuition rates. All of our teachers are CPR and First Aid Certified, have at least 12 ECE credits if not an Associate's Degree in Early Childhood Education, many years of experience in the child care field, completed fingerprinting and criminal background checks and have a love for children and love to teach.
We want to welcome you and your family into ours!
-Breakfast, Lunch, snacks and juice/milk provided daily are included in our weekly rates. We also accommodate food allergies- please see your Director to substitute.
- Licensed with the State of NH, partners with The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) serving nutritious foods that contribute to healthy growth, wellness, and development of young children, and a proud business in Good Standing since opening our doors in 2008!
Colorful Apples Learning Center Welcomes you, your child and entire family to our facility. We look forward to providing your family with a safe, loving and nurturing environment in which your child can develop socially, cognitively, physically and emotionally.
Here at Colorful Apples we have an open door policy. Please feel free to stop by our center and visit your child anytime.


text:
Anne-Madeleine de Conty d'Argencourt (1637–1718), was a French courtier.

She was a maid of honour to Anne of Austria in 1657. She is known for her love affair with King Louis XIV of France in 1658.

She fled France 1679 in the company of Olympe Mancini after having been implicated in the Affair of the Poisons.

References

1637 births
1718 deaths
French ladies-in-waiting
Mistresses of Louis XIV


text:
SECTION CH.1
College departments will maintain records in accordance with the Texas State Records Retention Schedules for Colleges. Local Schedule GR for General Records may be found at https://www.tsl.texas.gov/slrm/recordspubs/gr.html and Local Schedule JC for Junior Colleges may be found at https://www.tsl.texas.gov/slrm/recordspubs/jc.html. Departmental supervisors are responsible for ensuring proper retention of records. The schedules establish mandatory minimum retention periods for records. Records may not be disposed of prior to the expiration of its retention period.
Original paper records may be disposed of prior to the expiration date established for the record if the document has been electronically stored pursuant to provisions of College Code Chapter 204 or Chapter 205.
Destruction of college records contrary to the provisions of the College Records Act of 1989 and rules adopted under the Act is a Class A misdemeanor and, under certain circumstances, a third degree felony. Anyone destroying college records without legal authorization may also be subject to criminal penalties and fines under the Public Information Act (Govt. Code, Chapter 552).
A record of the college may not be destroyed if there is an outstanding request to inspect and review the record under the Federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). A record of the college may also not be destroyed, although its retention period has expired, if it is subject to a pending audit by a federal or state grantor or subgrantor agency or if questions remain unresolved from a conducted audit until audit findings are resolved.
A college record whose retention period has expired may not be destroyed if any litigation, claim, negotiation, audit, public information request, administrative review, or other action involving the record is initiated; its destruction shall not occur until the completion of the action and the resolution of all issues that arise from it.
A college record whose retention period expires during any litigation, claim, negotiation, audit, public information request, administrative review, or other action involving the record may not be destroyed until the completion of the action and the resolution of all issues that arise from it.
The retention period for a record applies to the record regardless of the medium in which it is maintained. Some records are maintained electronically in many offices, but electronically stored data used to create in any manner a record or the functional equivalent of a record as described in this schedule must be retained, along with the hardware and software necessary to access the data, for the retention period assigned to the record, unless backup copies of the data generated from electronic storage are retained in paper or on microfilm for the retention period. This includes electronic mail (e-mail), websites and electronic publications.
Unless otherwise stated, the retention period for a record is in calendar years from the date of its creation. The retention period applies only to an official record as distinct from convenience or working copies created for informational purposes. Where several copies are maintained, the college shall decide which shall be the official record and in which of its divisions or departments it will be maintained
A records disposition log should be kept by each department logging records marked for destruction.
Navarro College contracts with a qualified vendor to provide onsite shredding services. Shred bins are provided throughout the college district for routine document disposal. Once (or more) each year, the college will have the contracted vendor purge records marked for destruction under the supervision of the Director of Budget and Procurement.


text:
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Value-Based Care Is One Goal Of WHCN-Sonic Lab JV
Partnership with Sonic will help Western Connecticut Health System compete statewide
By Joseph Burns | From the Volume XXIV, No. 4 – March 13, 2017 Issue
Sonic, Western Connecticut Health Network Announce New Laboratory Joint VentureHealth Insurers Want More Data On Clinical Utility of Molecular, Genetic Tests
CEO SUMMARY: Announced last month, the new laboratory joint-venture partnership with Sonic Healthcare's Sunrise Clinical Laboratories will allow WCHN to compete with other health systems and prepare to respond to health insurers' requests that hospital systems offer lower rates in value-based payment models. WCHN has already seen payers shift to low-cost providers. For this reason, it expects its lab partnership with Sonic Healthcare to help it cut costs while supporting patient-centric lab testing.
IN FEBRUARY, the Western Connecticut Health Network and Sonic Healthcare announced a clinical laboratory joint venture. WCHN is creating this JV to integrate clinical lab testing services more efficiently as the three-hospital health system makes the transition from fee-for-service to value-based payment.
In the joint venture—called Constitution Diagnostics Network— Sonic's Sunrise Medical Laboratories in Hicksville, N.Y., will do the esoteric testing while the clinical laboratories in WCHN's three community hospitals (Danbury Hospital, Norwalk Hospital, and New Milford Hospital) will run the more routine clinical and anatomic pathology testing for the three facilities.
Three Hospital Labs Involved
The three hospitals have a combined revenue of $1.1 billion and 882 beds. About two-thirds of those beds are in the New Milford and Danbury hospitals which operate under one license. The other third are in the Norwalk Hospital, stated WCHN's Chief Strategy Officer Michael Daglio.
The partnership will allow WCHN to compete more effectively with other health systems in state, such as Connecticut Laboratory Partners, which Quest Diagnostics acquired from Hartford Healthcare last year.
"We expect that this lab joint venture will help WCHN be better prepared when health insurers look for hospital systems that can offer lower rates, meaning those designed for a health system built on a model of value-based care," observed Daglio.
In an interview with THE DARK REPORT, Daglio explained that the partnership addresses several pressing financial questions that the network couldn't fully answer with its own resources. Each of WCHN's three hospitals has a lab, though the ones in Norwalk and New Milford are enhanced stat labs. The joint venture will develop a core lab at Danbury Hospital.
The challenge for Sonic and WCHN is how to reshape that traditional community-hospital structure to serve an environment that wants lower costs and greater efficiency while maintaining quality.
"We want to move toward being a value-based health network but our roots are in traditional hospital-based models," Daglio noted. "Our laboratory is a hospital-based model with hospital-based rates. Even though we serve physicians in the community through an outreach program, there's no way we can do it at costs and prices comparable to those of Quest Diagnostics or LabCorp. But we know that we need to move in that direction to succeed in the value-based world.
Health System's Move to Value-Based Care Designed to Meet Needs of Patients and Payers
WHILE THE U.S. CONGRESS considers whether to repeal the Affordable Care Act, one of the goals behind the act will always remain in place, stated Michael Daglio, the Chief Strategy Officer for Western Connecticut Health Network.
The ACA was built on a value-based care delivery model, and patients and payers will always want care delivered in this model, Daglio explained.
"We don't know what's going to happen with the ACA, but we do know that achieving high quality at low cost is a value proposition that's never going away," he said. "Regardless of what model prevails in the future, we will always need to increase quality and lower our costs.
"That's what payers want; that's what patients want," emphasized Daglio. "Today, payers foot the bill. But patients increasingly are becoming aware of the cost of healthcare through high-deductible health plans.
Patients are no different than anyone else. They want high quality care at a low cost. That's what we want to provide and so that's our strategy here at WCHN, even if that means that we don't always fill our beds.
"The other day I was asked: Isn't your goal to fill the beds? And I said, 'No. Our goal is not to fill the beds," responded Daglio. "WCHN's goal is to care for the population in a meaningful way.' If that means a patient has to come in because they're acutely ill or they have a traumatic event, then yes, we want that patient in a bed. But if there are other alternatives to treat that patient outside the hospital, such as if patients have surgery and we can discharge them to home, that's what we will do.
"Those are the goals that we have now because we are caring for the population," Daglio concluded. "To do that, we need to deliver high quality care at a low cost."
Four Issues To Address
"To be effective with value-based care, there are four primary issues we need to address," he added. "They are: 1) convenient access to testing and results; 2) high quality; 3) greater patient and physician satisfaction; and, 4) lower cost.
"Our health system needs to hit each of those four goals," Daglio said. "In particular, we must achieve the first three while simultaneously reducing our costs. That will enable us to compete on a lower price and thus be more competitive in a value-based world. WCHN absolutely must find a way to lower pricing to insurance companies and employers to remain competitive with lab services.
"Our joint-venture partnership with Sonic will allow us to move toward those goals," he continued. "Sonic and Sunrise Laboratories will connect us more closely with our physician offices. And they will run the patient service centers so that we can provide a more convenient patient experience on the front end.
"In addition, as our joint venture partner, they will help us move to value-based pricing to meet that final piece of it, which is the cost side," noted Daglio. "How we get to the cost side of value-based care is by accessing the scale and efficiencies that Sonic brings to the partnership.
"Sonic will manage our health system laboratory on the inpatient side and as they do, we will be able to leverage their expertise in lab productivity," he stated. "By that I mean, they have the expertise to establish more efficient laboratory workflows that we do not have now.
Helping To Lower Lab Costs
"Also, we will connect to their supply chain which will allow us to get supplies for the lab for a much lower cost than we can get now," he said. "Supplies are the second highest line-item expense in any lab. So, that could bring us significant savings on the inpatient side that we would otherwise not achieve on our own as a three-hospital system.
"For example, maybe our labs run tests that could be done just as effectively and with the same level of quality, but at a much lower cost at a laboratory that does much higher volumes of these same types of tests," Daglio added. "One goal with the lab JV is for Sonic to help us achieve lower test costs while maintaining essential access and turnaround times for inpatient, outpatient, and outreach tests.
"Another major goal for this partnership will be the data we will pull from our laboratories," he said. "Right now, we do a good job of managing utilization. However, with Sonic we will have access to more sophisticated data that will allow us to manage utilization more effectively."
More Effective Competitor
All of the benefits WCHN gets from its joint venture with Sonic will allow the hospital system to compete more effectively against other hospital networks in the Nutmeg State, predicted Daglio. "With this partnership, we can compete with the other big labs in Connecticut on price, service, and local quality," he said.
"Before joining this partnership, we never felt there was an option for us to compete with commercial lab companies because they have such scale and such competitive pricing," Daglio said. "Now, with our partnership, we also have the sophistication of a large laboratory company behind us, and we have the scale we need to grow and compete successfully.
"Another benefit to the lab JV is that we believe we can be more competitive with other hospitals that haven't converted to a value-based model," he added. "They may continue to see an erosion of their lab test volume just as we have seen in recent years.
"The trend we see is that health insurers are slowly steering patients away from those laboratories and imaging centers that are too expensive," observed Daglio. "Generally, the more expensive providers are hospital-based and oriented to serve fee-for-service payment systems. This is why we've already seen some steerage from payers toward lower-cost providers.
Preparing For Shift To Value
"The payers are not going to shift everything tomorrow," he noted. "But we think—over the next five years or so—that price and volume erosion will eat into our ability to afford to offer healthcare services effectively.
"This partnership with Sonic helps us get out ahead of the curve while also becoming more competitive with other hospital-based laboratories that haven't moved in that direction yet.
"As this model proves successful, other hospitals could consider joining our laboratory joint venture," Daglio said. "Laboratory testing is the kind of service that we can offer to other hospitals. Doing so would mean that—instead of always competing with other hospitals—we have a way to share certain services, such as lab testing. If we can build a company here that other hospitals can share in, I would welcome that opportunity."
Contact Michael Daglio at 203-852-2353 or Michael.Daglio@wchn.org.
Tags: affordable care act, Anatomic pathology, clinical lab, clinical lab test, clinical lab testing, clinical laboratories, Clinical Laboratory, dark report, ehi, Esoteric testing, Fee-for-service, hie, lab costs, lab productivity, lab service, lab services, lab test, lab testing, lab testing services, laboratories, laboratory company, laboratory test, laboratory testing, laboratory work, laboratory workflow, medical lab, medical laboratories, pathology test, pathology testing, the affordable care act, the dark report
Volume XXIV No. 4 – March 13, 2017
Commentary & Opinion by R. Lewis Dark
Are Clinical Labs Prepared for What Is to Come?
LabCorp, Quest, Sonic Do Hospital Lab Deals
Sale to LabCorp to End Most of PAML's Lab JVs
Sonic, Western Connecticut Health Network Announce New Laboratory Joint Venture
Health Insurers Want More Data On Clinical Utility of Molecular, Genetic Tests
Labs Ask: Does PAMA Statute Prevent Legal Challenges?
Late-Breaking Lab News
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For information about SLiMSuite, please visit the EdwardsLab webpage and the SLiMSuite blog. Help and documentation for the REST servers can also be found at the REST homepage. If in doubt, please email: richard.edwards@unsw.edu.au.
Several EdwardsLab publications also cover motifs and SLiMSuite tools.
NOTE: For this workshop, you do not need to install SLiMSuite. You will need Cytoscape and the SLiMScape app for the later parts.
The current SLiMSuite release is 2015-11-30 and can be downloaded by clicking the button (left).
In addition to the tarball available via the links above, SLiMSuite is now available as a GitHub repository (right).
See also: Installation and Setup.
NOTE: Some of the jobs take a while to run and the SLiMSuite servers have limited resources. It would therefore be useful if you could click on the example JobID links rather than trying to run every example REST command yourself. The first output tab (and the log tab) will show you the run times for that job, so you can see which jobs are fast or slow before you experiment.
ELM. Visit http://http://www.elm.eu.org/ and enter your protein of choice as Uniprot identifier or accession number in the box. (Identifiers will auto-complete and fill in some extra details.) For non-Uniprot protein sequences, you can also enter fasta format.
Try this now with P03070 (LT_SV40) or P03254 (E1A_ADE02). Each of them should have a True Positive LIG_Rb_LxCxE_1 motif.
NOTE: The ELM alias currently searches the 2015 ELM classes.
The SLiMSearch server is accessible at: http://slim.ucd.ie/slimsearch/. This has been recently updated to Version 4 and now brings in a lot of information, so it is recommended that you read the Help pages for the server.
Human protein PRDM16 is particularly interesting: it does not have an annotated ELM but does match a region annotated to interact with CTBP1. (See the Region column - Expand the instance Feature annotations for a clearer look.) This kind of search can be a good way of identifying new instances of known motifs - some of which may be in the literature but may not have yet made it into database annotation.
Repeating the SLiMSearch analysis with the redefined motif (P[EILMV][DN]L[ARST]) gives a greater density of known ELMs (see the Motif column) in the top ranked motifs: http://slim.ucd.ie/rest/#/slimsearch/annotations?jobId=L41BRpXQ1oTD6ByDuUSqjWbQZ22WBKbw.
When you have a lot of motif predictions, it can be tiresome and error-prone to manually scan them for things that look familiar. SLiMSuite has a tool called CompariMotif, which compares sets of motifs for similarity.
The best advice is to save the compare output table (retrieve&jobid=15120900005&outfmt=compare), open it up in Excel and sort on Score. Alternatively, use the CompariMotif server at http://bioware.ucd.ie.
In this case, we can see that even though the "true" motif has the most support, it is also expected to occur more by chance. It is enriched, but not enough to survive the multiple testing correction of SLiMChance.
Though not of interest here, the pUnd statistics can be used to look for depletion/avoidance of a particular motif in a dataset.
We're now going to fire up Cytoscape and have a quick look at the SLiMScape app. This is fairly well described in the paper, so we will just look at the main ways to run the server. If you've not used Cytoscape before, you'll want to visit the Cytoscape website and watch the introduction video, before installing it.
In the SLiMFinder tab, enter 15120900003 in the Run ID box and hit Retrieve.
Explore the results. Connections are UPC relationships in the data.
The most useful thing of having access to SLiMSuite through Cytoscape is to be able to use it to explore PPI networks and select nodes for analysis. There are in-built tools to get PPI data into Cytoscape. For SLiMSuite, the ID must be a Uniprot ID or accession number, or a Node must have "Uniprot" attribute.
Rename the HubUni and SpokeUni fields to name and attribute them to Source Node and Target Node attributes. Make Hub the Source, Spoke the Target and Evidence the Interaction Type then import.
Select the nodes that are shared interactors of both CtBP proteins.
Modify the masking settings to include disorder, conservation and feature masking.
The link to the PowerPoint slides results in a "File not found". Could the link be updated?
Link updated. Let me know if there are still issues.


Vexillology is the scholarly study of flags. Dr. Thomas G. Clemens of Hagerstown Community College teaches us that we may not know as much about the Confederate Flag as we think. Here's a short (about 6 minutes) video called, Vexillology and the Confederate Flag, that will explain several different flags used by the Confederacy in the 1860s.
This is part of a new section in which The Muse will provide external links to useful information on general topics about the American Civil War.


8 days of work collapsing in minutes.
Already an expert and master of all things domino YouTube channel Hevesh5's most recent creation is 25 hours, 15,000 dominoes and 8 days in the making and only takes two minutes to collapse.
The triple spiral construction follows three different paths all set at separate heights and yet they all collapse in sync to make one video that's awesome to watch.
Longboarding taken to another level.


The QCAM Widget software is used to manage event triggers and scheduling for your QCAM Mini Video Camera.
Please use the link below to begin the download of the widget software Windows.
Note: These widget downloads work with all Qcam Mini Video Camera models.


People will indeed scroll to find what they want, and scrolling is more usable than breaking content up into multiple pages. Just be sure that content spans the fold, so readers know there's more below.
Yeah. But if you think links below the fold are going to get the same click-through as links above the fold (not counting the very bottom), then I've got some real-estate I'd like to sell you.


Many times, changing a band's lineup can be disastrous, just ask die-hard fans of Norma Jean. But after changing four of its members, Mortal Treason returns with their second release, Sunrise Over A Sea of Blood, an entirely different sound with a lot more emotion. The band's most noticeable addition is lead singer Seth Kimbrough's wife Elizabeth on the keyboards.
The opening track is a beautiful instrumental intro laced with synth strings, and leads nicely into the rest of the album. The keys do add to many of the songs, but they seem to fill every moment without taking a breath. As an accompaniment instrument, the keyboard seems overused, forcing a theme onto the album that it doesn't necessarily need, giving it a funerary, black metal feeling that in a few parts takes power away from the driving guitars.
Otherwise, Sunrise packs a bigger punch than A Call To Martyrs, while retaining the message of hope and salvation that is Mortal Treason's mission statement. The last track ends with, "Christ forgive me for running from you. I give you all my life. Take it away now. Take this broken man. Take this tired spirit and renew me now. Renew me Jesus, I love you." Lyrics like this make Mortal Treason stand out as one of the few metal bands in Christian music right now who put their beliefs and message somewhere other than the "Thank You" section.
Musically, the album is excellent, the title track unashamedly rocks, and Kimbrough's awesome vocals would scare the pants off of anyone's grandma. Sunrise shows an obvious development since the first release, both in the quality of the music and in the depth of emotion it achieves. Again, the addition of the keyboards was a brave step, and makes one think of groups such as Jethro Tull and Apocalyptica. However, some variety in the sound, and perhaps a bit less than all the time, would be better. The only other minor complaint is that the mix sounds a bit flattened in the mid-range.
Sunrise Over A Sea Of Blood is a strong second effort that rocks hard and is also capable of reaching youth with a great message. There is and always will be room for improvement, but we will continue to look forward to Mortal Treason releases in the future.


As the 3rd Japan Edutrip Program, this year we will enjoy, learn and experience the life of Japan's top attractions, still in a muslim's perspective.
Being spoiled with 'oishii' halal culinary which certainly is a delicious treat.
A Japanese Muslim Guide will complete the Trip along the way.
Participants : Junior and Senior High School Student.


If you have ever suffered from a gout attack you know the pain can be utterly debilitating. Gout is an excess of uric acid in the blood stream, the acid causes crystals to form within joints. The crystals cause intense inflammation and swelling. At the first sign of gout it is a good idea to visit a medical professional. He or she can confirm the gout diagnosis and prescribe medication to help manage the symptoms as well as decrease uric acid in the body.
The good news; after a gout diagnosis you can take immediate action to prevent another agonizing occurrence. Anyone who has dealt with the discomfort of gout knows without a doubt, the best treatment is prevention of future flare ups. A few lifestyle changes and medication to reduce inflammation and decrease uric acid can dramatically reduce the likelihood of another attack.
Treatment of gout usually involves both short term and long term medication to manage acute attacks and prevent future problems. Over the counter or prescription anti-inflammatory or steroid medication may be prescribed to manage the pain associated with a gout flare up. Ensure your physician and pharmacists are aware of all the over counter and prescription medications you are taking when trying to manage gout. Recent studies have shown some common medications may contribute to problems associated with gout.
Gout sufferers may be prescribed a medication taken on a daily basis to decrease uric acid over time, dramatically decreasing the duration of a gout attack and potentially preventing future flare ups. Some medications for gout have serious potential for drug interaction and side effects. Medications taken to manage gout should be used exactly as directed.
There is promising evidence of herbal therapies being useful in managing gout symptoms. Consulting with your doctor is advisable before beginning any herbal therapies. Ensure you are clear about your gout diagnosis when searching for supplements to avoid exacerbating gout symptoms with supplements that can cause additional problems with inflammation.
Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables instead of meat or seafood containing purine may help prevent future attacks. Obesity has been shown to contribute to problems with gout. Losing weight may help to reduce symptoms. However, very low calorie/fasting diets and dehydration can also cause additional gout problems, so ensure that you are eating and drinking enough to maintain your health.
Drinking alcoholic beverages, especially beer may increase the level of uric acid in the system. If you are unsure if your level of alcohol consumption may be contributing to your gout, have an honest conversation with your doctor regarding specific quantity and frequency of alcohol use.
A diagnosis of gout is not a permanent sentence of pain and suffering. Patients who are serious about managing their condition through life style choices and working closely with their doctor and pharmacy often have great outcomes.


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Whistleblowing: The evolution of Italy's legislation and a comparison with the United States of America
Date: 15 June 2017Author: giovannacento89 0 Comments
The italian version of this comparative research had been published in "Diritto&Diritti", Law Journal, ISSN 1127-8579.
Pdf Version (Whistleblowing)
On 24 November 2012, an editorial entitled "The anticorruption law's success will depend on public administration's resistance"[1] was published in "Guida al diritto", a renowned Italian law journal.
Marcello Clarich, Professor of Administrative Law, just a few days before the approval of Law 6 November 2012 n. 190 "Measures for the prevention and repression of corruption and illegal activities in the public administration" was trying to send out a message full of doubts and hopes, and, even today, still relevant. Looking at the editorial's title, there was no room for ambiguity and misunderstandings: the law's approval, after a difficult parliamentary process, would have represented a real achievement only if anti-corruption regulations had been accepted and internalized by its final subjects.
According to Clarich, anti-corruption law's success would partially depend on a change of attitude, if, for attitude, we mean what the philosopher and jurist Paolo Grossi defined "A set of values circulating in a spatial and temporal area".
Clarich's doubts were focused on the effectiveness of article 54-bis, introduced by law 6 November 2012 n. 190 (d.lgs. 165/2001), concerning the tip-off and related accusations made by the whistleblower (a public servant who, acting in good faith, informs about an offence or irregularity found out in the performance of his duties).
The need to introduce a legal instrument able to facilitate the surfacing of unlawful conditions had been repeatedly stigmatized by more than one international organization[2]: the provision of instruments of protection for public servants who report unlawful behaviours, finally gave credibility to a regulation whose efficacy had been jeopardized for a long time because of a lack of guarantees and protection towards who, spontaneously providing relevant information, accepted retaliation risks.
2 Whistleblowing protection in the United States of America
2.1. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
It is necessary to clarify that the lowest common denominator between Italian and American whistleblowing protection measures, until recently, could be recognised only at a teleologic level, namely, both protection measures were aimed at exploiting privileged observer's potentialities in order to gain useful information about unlawful conducts.
Indeed, big differences in approach between Italy and The United States of America existed-and continue to exist-, especially with regard to whistleblowing's methodology, application and identification of its beneficiaries.
The United States of America are considered the main whistleblowing pioneers. The first legislation, the False Claims Act (1863) is a federal law, amended many times, which used to allow a private citizen to report single wrongdoers or companies 'activities aimed at defrauding governmental programmes.
Conducts considered as violations of the False Claims Act can be divided into four macro-categories: Presenting a false or fraudulent claim for payment or approval to an officer or employee of the United States Government or a member of the Armed Forces; making a false record of statement to get a false of fraudulent claim paid or approved by the Government; conspiring to defraud the Government by getting a false or fraudulent claim allowed or paid; making, using or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement to conceal, avoid, or decrease an obligation to pay or transmit money or property to be Government.[3]
The False Claims Act amendment, in 1986, represented a fundamental step because it led to a substantial increase of potential reward for whistleblowers and an enlargement of the range of subjects authorized to file a lawsuit.[4]
Listing the main characteristics of what can be defined as one of the first tools in protecting whistleblowers is not just the final result of a pointless academic exercise, but is needed to emblematically prove the effective foresight of American legislation that, anticipating the quick evolution of corruptive methods, proposed a set of norms whose strength can be identified in the "reward system", inspired by the latin brocard "qui tam pro domino rege quam pro se ipso in hac parte sequitur" : "(He)who sues in this matter for the king as well as for himself.".
Today, the highly evolved U.S. legislation contains specific norms which have the merit of guaranteeing a series of accurate and comprehensive legal protection for whistleblowers, allowing them to achieve a full juridic dignity, with special regard to the Sarbanes Oxley Act[5], a federal law issued in July 2002 and born from a fusion of two different drafts by deputies Mike Oxley and Paul Sarbanes. The norm aimed at making some changes at a corporate governance level, defined as a set of mechanisms, institutions and principles which rule enterprise activities, often determining their success or prosperity.
Section 806, entitled "Protection for employees of publicly traded companies who provide evidence of fraud" amended chapter 73 of title 78 of the United States Code.
Publicly traded companies' employees were the main beneficiaries of this norm. Nobody is authorized to discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, harass or discriminate in any other way an employee because of his/her legitimate act, for having provided information or any other kind of help with regard to an investigation concerning any conduct considered by the employee as a violation of sections 1341, 1343, 1344, 1348 or any other regulation or norm of the Security and Exchange Commission, or any federal law which punishes frauds against shareholders.
The above-mentioned provisions are valid if the investigation is conducted by a Federal regulatory or law enforcement agency, or by any congressional committee, by any member of the Congress or by a supervisor who exercises power over the employee (or by any other subject who has the authority to investigate, uncover and put an end to illicit conducts).
The whistleblower can file evidence in order to back up his claims, testify, participate in lawsuit's sessions related to an alleged violation of the above-mentioned sections or regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or any other federal law provision concerning fraud episodes against shareholders.
Anyone who is fired or suffers any other kind of discrimination can complain addressing the Secretary of Labor or, in case the Secretary does not take a final decision within 180 days and the delay is not justified by claimant's mala fide, is allowed to file a lawsuit in the appropriate U.S. district Court.
The employee who wins a lawsuit, is entitled to re-integration in the workplace in the same position he would have held if he had not been discriminated, to the payment in arrears and a compensation for any kind of damage suffered because of discriminatory behaviours, including legal advice and proceeding costs.
It is important to highlight a recent decision of the Supreme Court. In march 2014, indeed, the whistleblower protection discipline had been extended to public companies contractors' employees.
This choice is far from irrelevant and embodies the spirit of the entire SOX law. An already solid and effective protection system extended to other categories of potential whistleblowers can be interpreted as a crucial milestone in the natural implementation of guarantees.
2.2 Whistleblower's conduct: A concrete case.
For the sake of completeness, it is necessary to provide some clarifications about whistleblowers' duties and, more specifically, about conditions, deduced from case-law evolution, considered as prerequisites for the right to seek protection.
In this regard, the Harkness v. C-Bass Diamond case is emblematic.
In January 2005, the claimant, a company's employee operating in the legal sector, became aware that the company's Chief Executive Director was disclosing information about the company's budget review and the earning restatement to an external investor. The employee considered an investigation necessary and directly asked for clarifications to the President and the Chief Executive Officer.
She believed that the above-mentioned conducts could represent a violation of the SOX law and transferred information in her possession to the Chair of the company's audit committee, omitting to verify if Regulation FD[6] was applicable at the time or not and to consult company's legal staff before proceeding to the audit committee chairman. Her relationships with the President and the CEO started to deteriorate. The employee reported discriminatory practices, affirming to have been excluded from senior management meetings and to have suffered a downgrading of her role.
Court stated that, because of the whistleblower's hesitation and lacking accuracy in identifying the violation, she was not entitled to the protection guaranteed by the SOX law.
It follows that, despite section 806 provides the whistleblower with protection measures, his/her convictions are in any case evaluated also on the basis of the claimant personal experience, competency and accuracy of his/her assessment.
3 Whistleblowing in Italy: the legislative evolution
3.1 Article 54-bis
Information exposed until now should not be considered as comprehensive, complete summary of the complex U.S. whistleblowing regulations, but is just an attempt to provide the reader with a general framework, indispensable in order to make a comparison with the Italian discipline.
It is not a case that U.S. discipline represented an important frame of reference exactly in 2012, on the occasion of the approval of Law 6 November 2012 n. 190 and the consequent introduction of article 54-bis (amending d.lgs. 165/2001).
The primary objective was to discipline public servants' protection measures. But, despite symbolizing a gradual growth of awareness about the topic, it immediately encountered criticism.
The strong disapproval concerned various aspect of the norm. Here a short list:
– Article 54-bis protected whistleblowers from three kinds of discrimination: layoff, sanctions and direct or indirect discriminatory measures but did not mention any instrument able to encourage reporting activities.
– Subsection 2 allowed the whistleblower's identity disclosure if it had been "absolutely indispensable" for the legal defence of the accused. Someone objected that the expression "absolutely indispensable" was too much generic and too open to an uncountable number of different interpretations, as well as a potential, strong demotivating factor for the whistleblower.
– Despite article 54-bis listed all the bodies responsible for receiving a report, it did not either identify the criteria which the whistleblower should follow in choosing the right organism, or specify the communication method (verbal, written…)
– Reports concerning facts which the employee knew by chance and not as a result of his specific job duties were automatically kept out from the whistleblower's protection mechanism.
– The legislator's choice to concentrate the discipline just in one article and to include protection measures in the wider labour law framework, renouncing the creation of an independent legislation, had been judged as a too prudent attitude towards the issue.
In a few years, the need to develop an autonomous legislation with a more accurate set of guidelines, became a pressing concern.
3.2. A new legislative proposal to improve whistleblowers' protection
In January 2016, the Italian Chamber of Deputies approved a new law about whistleblowing which is now about to be discussed by the Senate.
The aim is to enhance the present legislation. The main beneficiaries will be public employees, including state-controlled companies' employees, private state-controlled companies' employees and employees working in the private sector.
Here a list of the main points:
– The bona fide: The public employee has to be considered in good faith when he/she reports an alleged violation in the belief that the existence of an unlawful conduct is highly probable. The bona fide does not subsist when the whistleblower acts with gross negligence. In this case, the whistleblower is subjected to a disciplinary proceeding, which can also lead to dismissal without notice.
– The inclusion of other figures different from the public employee: Discipline is extended to independent contractors, consultants and interns.
– The whistleblower's identity: The new legislative proposal tries to fix the extreme generality of article 54-bis with regard to whistleblower's identity disclosure. In the context of criminal proceedings, the identity is protected by article 329 of the Criminal Procedure Code. In the context of Court of Auditors, identity cannot be disclosed until the end of the pre-trial, investigative stage. With regard to disciplinary proceedings, identity cannot be disclosed in the absence of whistleblower's consent. Identity can be disclosed if the charge is totally, entirely based on the whistleblower's report and if the disclosure is "absolutely necessary" for the accused defence.
– Discriminatory behaviours' reporting process: The adoption of discriminatory measures against the whistleblower is reported to the National Anti-Corruption authority (ANAC), or, alternatively, to the most representative trade unions. In case discriminatory measures are demonstrated and verified, ANAC applies a financial penalty (between 5.000 and 30.000 euros). Protection measures are not guaranteed if the employee is responsible for defamation offences, or in case of fraud and gross negligence.
– Reward system: In case the report's validity is fully demonstrated, employee is entitled to receive a reward, whose details should be contractually defined.
The choice to analyse the Italian discipline in a comparative framework is aimed at gaining an objective, impartial vision of regulatory evolutions, allowing jurists as well the legislator to identify not only progresses but also grey areas.
It is easy to understand as the recently approved law proposal presents a long series of similarities with the U.S norms. The biggest one is the decision to regulate whistleblower's protection in an independent law proposal, renouncing an extremely concise approach.
Secondly, the presence of strong analogies with the U.S. rules is very clear taking into consideration some innovations recently introduced: from the identification of accurate guidelines to protect whistleblowers' identity, to a precise description of reports' evaluating processes; from the extension of the discipline to private sector employees to the introduction of a reward system.
Obviously, the law can't be defined as totally complete and satisfactory, and still appears characterized by vagueness and inaccuracy.
Finally, it is important to underline that a strong whistleblowing discipline and a cultural and behavioural mutation are two interdependent aspects. The biggest future challenge will probably be related to the creation of a virtuous circle.
[1] M. Clarich, Sulle resistenze all'interno dell'amministrazione si gioca il successo della legge anticorruzione, in Guida al diritto, n. 47, 24 November 2012, Edizioni il Sole 24 ore.
[2] United Nations, Convention Against Corruption, 2005; Council of Europe, Civil Law Convention on Corruption, 1999; Council of Europe, Criminal Law Convention on Corruption, 1999; Council of Europe, General Assembly, Resolution 1729 (2010), Protection of "whistle-blowers"; Council of Europe, General Assembly, Recommendation 1916 (2010), Protection of "whistle-blowers".
[3] It is strongly recommended to directly refer to the False Claims Act text for additional and specific details.
[4] E. Sangrey Callahan, Terry Morehead Dworkin, Do good and Get Rich: Financial Incentives for Whistleblowing and the False Claim Act, 37, in Villanova Law Review, 273(1992).
[5] Known also as Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act
[6] Regulation Fair Discosure
corruptionwhistleblowing
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Asia Rugby Championship 2016 – druga edycja corocznego turnieju organizowanego pod auspicjami Asia Rugby dla trzech najlepszych azjatyckich męskich reprezentacji rugby union. Turniej odbywał się od 30 kwietnia do 4 czerwca 2016 roku.

Grająca w odmłodzonym składzie – bez żadnego uczestnika Pucharu Świata 2015 – Japonia nie dała szans rywalom, ponownie we wszystkich czterech spotkaniach odnosząc bonusowe zwycięstwa. Reprezentacja Malezji, która zwyciężyła w Dywizji 1, odstąpiła od prawa do udziału w barażu.

System rozgrywek
Rozgrywki prowadzone były systemem ligowym, a uczestniczyły w nich trzy najlepsze zespoły poprzedniego sezonu. Zwycięzca meczu zyskiwał pięć punktów, za remis przysługiwały trzy punkty, zaś porażka nie była punktowana. Punkt bonusowy można było otrzymać za zdobycie przynajmniej czterech przyłożeń lub też za przegraną nie więcej niż siedmioma punktami.

Zwycięzca zostawał mistrzem Azji, zaś zespół z ostatniego miejsca rozegrać miał baraż o utrzymanie w najwyższej klasie rozgrywkowej z triumfatorem Dywizji 1.

Uczestnicy

Tabela

Mecze

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Oficjalna strona Asia Rugby

2016
2016 w rugby union
2016 w Azji


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; właśc.  – japońska aktorka najbardziej znana z ról w filmach reżysera Yasujirō Ozu, a w szczególności w głośnym dramacie Tokijska opowieść (1953).

Kariera
Jako aktorka debiutowała na ekranie już jako 15-latka. Pierwszą ważną rolę zagrała w 1937 w filmie zrealizowanym w koprodukcji japońsko-niemieckiej Córka samurajów. W 1946 wystąpiła w pierwszym powojennym filmie Akira Kurosawy Nie żałuję swojej młodości. Rok później zagrała w filmie Bal w domu Anjo (1947) w reżyserii Kōzaburō Yoshimury, a następnie u Tadashiego Imai w obrazie Niebieskie góry (1949). W 1951 jeszcze raz spotkała się na filmowym planie z Kurosawą, grając w jego kolejnym filmie pt. Idiota, który był adaptacją powieści Fiodora Dostojewskiego. Jednak największe uznanie i popularność przyniosły jej role w filmach Yasujirō Ozu.

Setsuko Hara rozpoczęła swoją współpracę z Ozu pod koniec lat 40. rolą w filmie Późna wiosna (1949). W kolejnych latach poza, Tokijską opowieścią, zagrała jeszcze w 4 filmach reżysera; były to: Wczesne lato (1951), Zmierzch nad Tokio (1957), Późna jesień (1960) i Koniec lata (1961).

Ostatnim filmem w jakim zagrała był dramat historyczny 47 wiernych samurajów z 1962 w reżyserii Hiroshiego Inagaki.

W 1963 niespodziewanie wycofała się z aktorstwa (w tym samym roku zmarł Yasujirō Ozu). Od tego czasu mieszkała samotnie w mieście Kamakura nie udzielając się publicznie. Pozostaje symbolem złotej ery japońskiego kina lat 50.

Była nazywana "japońską Gretą Garbo".

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Japońskie aktorki filmowe
Ludzie urodzeni w Jokohamie
Urodzeni w 1920
Zmarli w 2015


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Cashing In Through Online Tubes
Anyone that uses the internet has watched a video online. Websites are popping up in the country showing videos that are entertaining and informing for viewers. It is a new business idea to create a website and make a profit when the videos which are posted on a website goes viral. This new business trend has become a hit in the country.
Websites such as DireTube, SodereTube, and EthioTube are now famous. Viewers are watching music videos, news, soap operas, and TV shows on these sites. The websites allow people to log in any time of the day and watch whichever video they want as many times as they like for the cost of nothing, absolutely free.
The people that own the websites and post the content are changing the videos to lucrative profits. It is a new concept, the age of online marketing that allows savvy tech users to make money off something as simple as posting a video.
DireTube which was launched in 2008 by Biniam Negessu, it is one of the most popular tube websites in Addis Abeba. "We have close to 150,000 visitors a day, and on our Facebook page we have over 2.4 million likes. 60pc of our viewers come to the website by clicking a link on Facebook which brings them to DireTube" he says. The other ways viewers come across the website is through google search, directly typing the address of the website, and referrals from other websites. The website is currently worth three million dollars.
The money the website makes is generated from advertisements that are posted on the site or from advertisements inserted in the videos. There are two types, cost per click and cost per view. Cost per click is when the site gets paid when someone clicks and watches the ad, while click per view is when payment is made just for viewing the ad. Per click, the website can generate anywhere between 0.5 dollars and 20 dollars. Sometimes advertisers bid for a spot on a popular website which can drive the price up explains Biniam Negessu.
Google acts as an agent for both the website and the advertiser. It works to connect the advertiser with a suitable website for its product or service. Google uses soft wares that study the geographical location and demographic of the viewers before placing an ad. When this is done, google takes a commission and then pays the website for the ad.
How much a website earns from these videos varies vastly. It depends on the number of views a video has, a video that has 500,000 views makes more money than a video with 50,000 views.
In an event a video generates one million viewers, the content owners get a big pay out of 100,000 to 300,000 Br according to Biniam Negessu. Which will be deposited in their bank account from Google through wire transfer. But if two videos on the website get one million views simultaneously, there will be a 20pc difference in the payment.
The challenges that these websites face to run smoothly are the problems with technology and efficient internet connection in the country. "Good web hosting is hard to find here and very expensive, there are only a few local companies that offer hosting" says Dawit Ayele, owner of AhaduTube. "We try to purchase services from abroad but we cannot unless we have a credit card because the payment is online".
AhaduTube has close to one million viewers online, the owner has worked on expanding his market through the use of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and hopes to see even more viewers coming to his website "if the internet connection was not interrupted and we had good connection, we could have increased the number of our viewers greatly from this number" says Dawit Ayele.
If someone watching a video skips an ad, or the computer has an ad blocker, then the website would not get paid for that view. This makes estimating the amount of views a video has and how much a user makes off of the video very challenging. It also depends where the ad is placed. A video ad at the front of a video will get more views than an ad in a box at the bottom of the page. This determines how many people engage with the ad and the amount of money that can be made.
There are close to 47 million mobile subscribers and 14.7 million data and internet users in a population of 93 million in Ethiopia. The society is still getting used to the idea of using the internet to watch videos. "People are slowly coming into social media, they don't trust the internet yet, the awareness to use websites like ours is still growing" says Semere Teame, creator of KonjoTube. "We post attractive pictures on our website to attract viewers, we also have news and shows" he added.
Websites like DireTube are now trying to encourage users to post content on the websites. But since the internet connection is not very strong, and the society is new to the idea of taking a personal video and posting it on the internet progress has been slow.
"I usually watch TV dramas, videos, and news on there, it is very nice when I have free time I watch videos but since the internet connection problem, I haven't watched as many videos" says Sisay Belay a 20-something year old.
With many tubes to choose from some viewers are turned off by some of the contents they find, "I don't open those websites, sometimes they post fake stories, shocking things that are not true to get attention from people" says Nebil Hussien, an internet user.
The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT) is working on developing and setting regulations for these websites. "As of now, there are no laws or standards that prohibits an individual from posting any kind of content online. We are in the process of conducting studies on this matter in order to set regulations" said the MCIT official. At the moment, the owner of the website or anyone that has access to post videos on the website pages decides what the viewers are going to see.
Most tube websites in the country post videos for entertainment and information purposes. On many of these sites viewers can watch funny videos from abroad, singing and dancing competitions, Ethiopian dramas like yebet sera and music videos, as well as news from local and international media. The content publishers of the website decide which videos they want posted on their site. Content publishers can also choose if they want to ban videos such as those promoting violence, drugs, and sex.
Artists that post their music videos on the website are given ownership of the content and paid. But, this is not the case for all sites, some websites do not give ownership of the content to the artist, thus they are not obligated to pay the artist.
The startup cost of designing a website is from 20,000 Br to 100,000 Br depending on the amount of content. There is a monthly charge for the domain and hosting costing between seven and 11 dollars. Someone that has an IT background and web development experience can create the sites which takes five months to a year to build as Solomon Koste, a web designer explained.
There are currently around 70 "tube" websites in the country that are streaming videos online. The trend is attracting more young entrepreneurs to enter the niche and the number is growing by the day.
By Mahlet Workayehu
Published on Feb 07,2017 [ Vol 17 ,No 875]
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The key to a successful transition is planning, which requires a carefully thought out Individual Transition Plan (ITP). The ITP is your game plan for your education, training and employment objectives and can help you make a successful transition to civilian life. It is also a framework you can use to achieve realistic career goals based upon your unique skills, knowledge, experience and abilities.


This warranty covers the Permanent Link of the network: which includes the cable and connecting hardware. This warranty does not cover other elements of the channel, such as patch cords, equipment cords and faceplates etc. Addison will honor claims on this warranty for 30 years, on condition that the electrical performance provided by the combination of the different components of the permanent link have been certified by Addison to meet the industry standard, as defined by the TIA 568 series standard for the "permanent link" in force at time of purchase with the following conditions.
Addison offers OMS program as a Lifetime Applications Assurance and Extended product warranty that ensures all the system components will exceed the applicable standard requirement together with supporting any current and future application. Addison makes this extended product warranty available to BISCI or Addison certified installers to offer identical assurances and warranties to their customers for certified OMS System installations.
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