text:
zend-instagram-service
======================

A service for Zend Framework applications that gives access to the most recent photos from an Instagram account.

To use this service, you'll need to register your application with Instagram to obtain a client ID:  http://instagram.com/developer/clients/register/

Example for retriving 5 most recent photos from user glenscott:

```
	$this->instagram = new Custom_Service_Instagram($clientId);
	$photos = $this->instagram->getRecentPhotos($this->instagram->usernameToId('glenscott'), 5);
```


text:
La despoblación en la provincia de León en España cuenta con numerosos pueblos vacíos antiguos y modernos que en su día fueron núcleos de población a veces modestos, a veces verdaderamente importantes cuyo recuerdo en muchos de ellos es simplemente el topónimo que sigue dando fe de su lejana existencia.

Contexto histórico
Los pueblos nacen y desaparecen; unos desaparecen sin dejar ningún tipo de huella, otros dejan el recuerdo de su topónimo que subsiste en la memoria colectiva y otras veces se sabe de su existencia porque son nombrados en documentos. A veces el único resto es una ermita que a lo largo del tiempo no ha dejado de cumplir su cometido como tal. Un ejemplo de esto último puede ser el despoblado de Yecla, cerca de la localidad de Villaverde de Arcayos (en el municipio de Almanza) del que solo quedaba la ermita que llegó a tomar la importancia de santuario y a donde concurren tradicionalmente los romeros.

La despoblación es un fenómeno constante desde tiempos remotos y no es exclusivo de siglos anteriores ni del presente.
Para conocer el nombre de muchos de estos despoblados se puede acudir al Becerro de Presentaciones de la catedral de León, elaborado en 1468. En él, se recogen las iglesias desde el  al  pertenecientes a la diócesis mencionando al mismo tiempo los pueblos en los que se encuentran. Se tiene conocimiento de 1111 pueblos y entre ellos se citan veintiséis que fueron  despoblados ya en ese mismo año.

Causas de la despoblación
Muchas de las causas son comunes a todo el territorio español como ocurrió con la desamortización pues mientras se encontraban al amparo monástico se habían mantenido pueblos y aldeas que siguieron la misma suerte de abandono que los monasterios hasta desaparecer.

En el caso de la provincia de León ha contribuido en gran medida su situación geográfica, sus condiciones climatológicas y de ubicación. Causas comunes son las epidemias, los desastres naturales, la depresión del , las exigencias fiscales, la emigración a tierras mejores y más seguras. Además y por distintos motivos o desaparecen o hay desde siempre una carencia de los servicios básicos como puede ser el médico, el maestro y el cura que invariablemente fueron apoyos tradicionales para la población. El progreso y las comodidades que van apareciendo en las ciudades no tienen cabida en ciertos pueblos pequeños, aislados y situados en una geografía difícil que siguen careciendo de algo tan primordial como la luz eléctrica, buenas comunicaciones de caminos y carreteras, teléfono y sanidad.
Los despoblados surgen a veces por causas intrínsecas. El despoblamiento de Puente de Vizana en el término municipal de Alija del Infantado fue como consecuencia de la pérdida de interés por la cañada real que al disminuir su importancia supuso el fin de las posadas y el fin de la recaudación del pontazgo, a lo que se añadió tiempo después la voladura de un arco del puente durante la Guerra de la Independencia española.

Santacruz de Villarrando, perteneciente al municipio de Lago de Carucedo, empezó su despoblamiento en los tiempos de Madoz. Por entonces contaba con diez casas pero solo estaba habitada una, «... por haber emigrado a Villarrando los vecinos de las demás».
A veces se da el caso inverso de pueblos sin habitantes y que renacen en época de vacaciones estivales. O lo que ocurrió en Castrillo del Monte, que se quedó vacío hasta que en 1985 se estableció en él un joven farmacéutico procedente de Madrid. En la época de Madoz tenía treinta casas distribuidas en dos barrios, el de Arriba y el de Abajo, una escuela y la parroquia de San Roque. Se producía centeno, patatas, fruta y hortalizas. Había ganado vacuno, lanar y cabrío y buena caza de jabalíes, corzos, perdices y liebres.

Los embalses
La construcción de embalses o pantanos, sobre todo a partir de los años 40 del  fue causante de una despoblación forzosa sin posibilidad de marcha atrás. Pueblos enteros quedaron anegados por el agua de los grandes lagos artificiales sin solución de continuidad. Sus habitantes fueron los protagonistas de un éxodo inevitable y obligado. Los embalses fueron un recurso para la política de desarrollo económico del siglo XX en España atendiendo a una demanda de la agricultura y su necesidad de riego y de grandes ciudades que estaban escasas de agua para todos los servicios. Y también atendiendo a una necesidad de regularización de las aguas de los ríos evitando las inundaciones. Fue un tema controvertido desde sus comienzos pero no fue único en la provincia de León, ni siquiera en España.

En 1947 se construyó el embalse de Villameca con el fin de abastecer de agua  de regadío a los pueblos de la zona. En este caso solo un pueblo llamado Oliegos  desapareció bajo las aguas. Sus cerca de 150 habitantes fueron trasladados en un tren especial que les esperaba en Porqueros a un lugar llamado Foncastín del municipio de Rueda (Valladolid).

En 1956 se construyó para zonas de regadío del Páramo Leonés y la comarca del río Órbigo el embalse de Barrios de Luna cuyo proyecto databa de 1935-1936 y que provocó la despoblación de 14 pueblos:
Arévalo, un barrio perteneciente a la villa de Sena de Luna, que estaba situado en la margen izquierda del río Luna.
Campo de Luna, situado también en la margen izquierda del mismo río.
Casasola, barrio de Cosera de Luna con quien se comunicaba a través de un puente llamado de San Lorenzo.
Cosera de Luna, perteneciente a Barrios de luna y situado en el mismo lugar que los anteriores.
La Canela
Lagüelles, situado en la margen derecha del río Luna. Perteneció al ayuntamiento de Láncara de Luna.
Láncara de Luna, cerca del río Luna cuyo ayuntamiento se trasladó a Sena de Luna pues el pueblo quedó anegado por las aguas del pantano. En el  pertenecía a la capitanía general de Valladolid. Fue cabeza de ayuntamiento que comprendía los pueblos de Abelgas, Aralla, Caldas, Campo, Lagüelles, Láncara, Oblanca, Pobladura, Rabanal, Robledo de Caldas, San Pedro de los Burros, Santa Eulalia de las Manzanas, Sena y Arévalo, Vega de Robledo. Tuvo escuela y una parroquia dedicada a San Martín.
Miñera, a orilla del río Luna, con ayuntamiento en Los Barrios de Luna. Tuvo un puente de piedra con nueve arcos. En el  tenía escuela, la iglesia de Santa María y una ermita de propiedad particular.
Oblanca, perteneciente al ayuntamiento de Láncara. Pueblo situado en un valle rodeado de peñas a la margen de un arroyo que bajaba de Caldas y Robledo. Tuvo una parroquia consagrada a San Miguel. En el lugar llamado Artosa había una mina de plomo argentífero sin explotar. Contaban con industria textil: fabricación de paños del país conocidos como «paños de Caldas».
San Pedro de Luna o de los Borricos. Su ayuntamiento era Láncara; situado a orillas del río Luna tuvo una iglesia parroquial dedicada a San Pedro.
Santa Eulalia de las Manzanas. También perteneciente al ayuntamiento de Láncara y situado a orillas del río Luna. Tuvo escuela y una iglesia dedicada a Santa Eulalia.
Truva
Ventas de Mallo perteneciente al ayuntamiento de Los Barrios de Luna. Madoz lo denomina como Mallo. Estaba situado en el descenso de los puertos llamados del Cuartero cerca del río Luna.  Tuvo escuela, la iglesia de Santa Marta y una ermita particular. Fabricaban los paños del país llamados paños de Caldas.

En 1957 se construyó el embalse de Bárcena situado en el curso del río Sil (Confederación Hidrográfica del Miño-Sil), entre Santa Marina del Sil y Ponferrada, en la comarca de El Bierzo. Se construyó principalmente como generador hidroeléctrico y se utiliza para la refrigeración de la central térmica de carbón de Central térmica Compostilla II. Quedaron sumergidos los pueblos de
Bárcena del Río, cuyos vecinos fueron reubicados en la nueva población levantada de nueva planta por el Instituto Nacional de Colonización que tomó el nombre de Bárcena del Caudillo y que más tarde cambiaría a Bárcena del Bierzo
Posada del Río. También sus habitantes fueron los colonos del nuevo pueblo llamado Posada del Bierzo que terminó de repoblarse con gente de Carucedo, Carracedo, Villaverde de la Abadía, Campañana. Estos pueblos habían sido afectados por la construcción de otras presas sobre el río Sil.

En 1968 se inauguró el Embalse del Porma cuyas aguas se destinaron a regadío además de asumir la función de regulación de aguas fluviales evitando las riadas. Con el embalse desapareció el municipio de Vegamián y sus pueblos Armada, Campillo, Ferreras de Vegamián, Lodares, Quintanilla; quedaron sin inundar pero deshabitados Utrero y Camposolillo.
Vegamián estaba situado en un llano de la orilla izquierda del río Porma. Tuvo escuela y la iglesia de Santa Marina. En el  su industria consistía en tres telares de lino y lana, cuatro molinos harineros y un batán. Comerciaban con el tráfico de vino y granos.
Armada, del ayuntamiento de Vegamián. Estaba situado en la confluencia del río Porma y el arroyo de Arianes en una pequeña llanura. Tuvo escuela y la parroquia de Santa Cecilia más la ermita de San Adriano. Dice Madoz en su Diccionario Geográfico que «las aguas que bajan de un pequeño valle forman al oeste una pequeña balsa perjudicial a la salud pública la cual sería muy conveniente y poco costoso desecar». Tuvo un batán y cinco molinos harineros.
Campillo, perteneciente al ayuntamiento de Vegamián y situado en el comienzo de un valle llamado Ferreras. Tuvo parroquia de San Justo y Pastor. En su término estaba la venta de Ferreras y un despoblado llamado Vega de Remolina. El río Porma pasaba por el oeste de la población y más cercano pasaba el arroyo Ferreras que se unía al Porma junto a la venta mencionada. En sus aguas había tres molinos harineros.
Ferreras. Tuvo parroquia de Santa Eulalia.
Lodares. Lugar del ayuntamiento de Vegamián situado en un valle sombrío. Tuvo escuela y parroquia de San Pedro. Al oeste del pueblo, a menos de un cuarto de hora de camino se encontraba el despoblado de San Juan de Pedernal que tuvo su parroquia dedicada a San Juan Bautista cuya escultura se conservaba en la iglesia de Lodares; También estaba la ermita de Santa Colomba. Por el término pasaba un arroyo que daba movimiento a dos molinos harineros.
Quintanilla de Vegamián, denominada por Madoz como Quintanilla. Lugar del ayuntamiento de Vegamián estaba situado en el valle llamado Ferreras. Tuvo parroquia de San Pedro Apóstol.
Utrero. Lugar del ayuntamiento de Vegamián estaba situado en una cuesta inclinada. Tuvo escuela y parroquia de San Juan Bautista. A 500 metros del lugar pasaba el camino real que venía desde Asturias.. Con la construcción del embalse no se inundó el pueblo pero quedó abandonado.
Camposolillo, nombrado por Madoz como Campo Solillo. Perteneció al municipio de Lillo, hoy Puebla de Lillo. Estaba situado en la orilla derecha del río Porma. Tuvo escuela y parroquia dedicada a Santo Tomás Apóstol y dos ermitas que en los tiempos de Madoz ya habían desaparecido: ermita de Nuestra Señora de Barbadillo y ermita de San Lorenzo; esta última estaba en el despoblado llamado Namon. El río Porma pasaba por el centro del lugar y alimentaba cuatro molinos harineros.
En 1987 se dieron los últimos retoques sobre la infraestructura de la presa —ya construida— de Riaño y se comenzó a embalsar; fue durante el gobierno socialista de Felipe González, con Javier Sáenz de Cosculluela a la cabeza en calidad de Ministro de Obras Públicas

Los pueblos desaparecidos fueron:
Anciles, del ayuntamiento de Riaño, situado a la orilla derecha del río Esla en una estrecha garganta de terreno escabroso. Tenía varios manantiales de los que se surtían los vecinos. Su iglesia parroquial estaba consagrada a San Esteban. Tuvo industria consistente en tres molinos harineros dos de los cuales solo molían seis meses al año.
Salio Lugar del ayuntamiento de Riaño situado en las montañas de Tierra de la Reina junto a uno de los brazos del río Esla. Tuvo escuela y parroquia de la Asunción. Su industria consistía en el corte de madera y construcción de aperos de labranza que comerciaban en Tierra en Campos de donde traían pan y vino.
Huelde, también llamado Güelde. Lugar del ayuntamiento de Salamón, situado en una cuesta junto al río Esla. Tuvo la parroquia de la Asunción y dos ermitas, san Roque y san Miguel.
Éscaro, lugar del ayuntamiento de Riaño situado en un vallecito rodeado de monte con excepción de la parte sur de donde salía un camino que conducía a Asturias por lo puertos de Tarma y Ventaniella. Tuvo parroquia consagrada a Nuestra Señora del Rosario. Cercano al pueblo corría un arroyo. Su industria consistía en la elaboración de maderas que llevaban a Tierra de Campos de donde regresaban con pan y vino.
La Puerta
Burón
Pedrosa del Rey. Madoz lo denominó simplemente Pedrosa. Lugar del ayuntamiento de Riaño situado en el fondo de un valle llamado Tierra de la Reina, a la derecha del brazo izquierdo que da principio al río Esla. Tuvo escuela y parroquia de San Martín. Sobre el río hubo un puente de piedra de cuatro ojos.
Riaño. Fue cabeza de partido judicial compuesto por 30 villas de las cuales 18 tenían ayuntamiento propio y 21 despoblados. Lo recorría el río Esla que movía molinos harineros de aceite y batanes. Estaba situado en las montañas de León. Abundaba en pastos y árboles.
Vegacerneja

Proyectos
Por otra parte el lugar elegido en su día para organizar un núcleo poblacional ha ido perdiendo su razón de ser y el espacio se ve angosto, sin llanura para cultivos de subsistencia. Es un fenómeno difícil de detener aunque surgen proyectos concienciados y el interés de la Diputación de León. Así Matavenero volvió a la vida a partir del proyecto Rainbow. En 1992 tenía cuarenta adultos y veinticinco niños de distintas nacionalidades (suizos, alemanes, daneses, suecos y españoles). También surgió la idea de crear un  pueblo-escuela en Villarbón. Desde el 2001 hay una gran preocupación por el galopante abandono de núcleos de población que llegaron a ser prósperos en un pasado no demasiado lejano.

Véase también
Anexo:Despoblados de la provincia de León

Referencias

Bibliografía

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Alberta has two different types of private adoption: a private agency adoption or a private direct placement adoption. A person may use the services of an adoption agency to help place their baby with a family OR they may place their child with a family they know.
The Alberta Child, Youth & Family Enhancement Act and Regulations outlines the legal steps for arranging an adoption and for obtaining an adoption order (can only be granted by a Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench).
Essentially, the person who decides that adoption is the best decision for their child will need to choose a family (adoptive couple). This person may know the family already. They have the option of having an adoption agency show them approved adoptive families to review and choose from. These adoptive families have been educated on adoption (most usually open adoption) and have prepared, been assessed and interviewed by a registered social worker, and approved to be an adoptive parent.
If the person decides on a family that they have already met, and then place the child or children with this family, this is called a private direct placement. A "consent to a guardian" for adoption form must be completed by a lawyer. The next step is for the adoptive family to contact Small Miracles Adoption to assist in the legal aspect and the filing of the adoption in order for the adoption to be granted in the Court of Queen's Bench. (The other options are to contact an adoption agency or a lawyer).
If an adoptive family is chosen from an adoption agency, the agency will arrange a meeting for everyone to meet prior to the birth of the child. The agency will also arrange for a lawyer to obtain the "consent" form with the birthparents after the child is born (assuming this is a newborn adoption). The agency will file the appropriate documentation in Court in order for the adoption to be granted.
Note: In the Province of Alberta, once a person signs the "consent of a guardian for adoption" form, they have 10 days to revoke their consent (change their mind) and ask for the child to be returned. The revocation period is different for each Province.
We provide Private Consultations by appointment only.
Small Group Seminars are designed for couples. Fees are non-refundable but tax deductible if you proceed with adoption. Please take note that if the session is not full it may be rescheduled. Seminars are typically from 12: 00 pm – 4: 00 pm and are held at local venues.
Large Group Seminars take place in Calgary, Edmonton, Ft. McMurray & Grande Prairie. Dates and times will be posted as soon as the venues are confirmed. Special guest speakers such as couples who have adopted and birthparents, who have placed a child for adoption, may be at the seminars for Q & A period.
This recent conversation reminded me that people who have not yet been personally connected to adoption should learn and understand positive adoption language.
The reason why this is so important is that certain words have a serious negative connotation and can be down-right rude or demeaning to someone who has been involved in adoption.
It is my hope that, after reading through the above terms, you will understand that there is justifiable sensitivity among adoptees and their parents to some of the common language and expressions that people use when differentiating adoptive relationships from those that are biological. After all, you never know who is listening or for that matter, who might be adopted.


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Bolsonaro included in the investigation of the January 8 riots
Brazilian A Supreme Court judge on Friday decided to include former President Jair Bolsonaro in the investigation into the Jan. 8 riots, when Bolsonaro supporters stormed government buildings in the capital Brasilia. Content will continue after the ad Advertising General Prosecutor's Office had requested to include Bolsonaro in the investigation into the causes of the … Read more
Categories World Tags bolsonaro, included, Investigation, January, Riots Leave a comment
Brazil will launch an investigation against Bolsonaro for inciting his supporters to riots / Article
Brazil will launch an investigation against Bolsonaro for inciting his supporters to riot Thousands of supporters of former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro last Sunday broke into the presidential residence, the building of Congress and the building of the Supreme Court located in the center of Brasília. This is how they protested against the loss of … Read more
Categories World Tags Article, bolsonaro, Brazil, inciting, Investigation, launch, Riots, supporters Leave a comment
33 arrested after riots following match between MAT and Wydad
Local authorities in the city of Tetouan arrested 33 people on Sunday following violence and riots that broke out in the wake of the football match between Moghreb de Tetouan (MAT) and Wydad Casablanca. Police interventions began before the start of the encounter and continued even after it ended, do we indicate. According to the … Read more
Categories Sport Tags Arrested, mat, match, Riots, Wydad Leave a comment
ME deployed in riots after football match SC Cambuur – FC Volendam
The police and mobile unit were deployed on Sunday afternoon at 5.15 pm at Insulindestraat in Leeuwarden. Police on foot, police on horseback and the Mobile Unit were deployed due to riots after the lost premier league match between SC Cambuur and FC Volendam (0-3). After the game, a fight broke out. Two persons have … Read more
Categories Sport Tags Cambuur, deployed, football, match, Riots, Volendam Leave a comment
112 news: Two suspects of riots 's Gravendeel detained longer | Second arrest for fatal Huniadijk shooting
NEWS January 4, 13:10 • 3 minutes reading time In this live blog we will keep you informed of the most important and most striking 112 news of Wednesday 4 January. 18:04 – Two suspects of riots 's Gravendeel detained longer Two of the three people detained for the New Year's riots in 's Gravendeel … Read more
Categories News Tags 112, arrest, detained, fatal, Gravendeel, Huniadijk, longer, News, Riots, Shooting, suspects Leave a comment
Police are investigating fan riots at an English League Cup match
Police are now examining CCTV footage to identify the culprit. He also deals with the assault of a fifty-three-year-old fan after the match in front of the stadium, the man ended up in the hospital after the fight. In a joint statement, both clubs condemned the violence at the stadium and said they would cooperate … Read more
Categories Health Tags cup, England, english, fan, football, investigating, League, Manchester City FC, match, police, Riots Leave a comment
Football World Cup: riots in several cities – 14-year-old dies after Morocco's defeat
Riots in several cities 14-year-old dies after Morocco defeat in Montpellier 12/16/2022, 3:47 p.m. (updated) Riots broke out in several European cities following Morocco's defeat by France in the World Cup semi-finals. A youth dies in Montpellier. In Brussels, the police arrested around 100 people. After Morocco's defeat in the semi-finals of the soccer World … Read more
Categories Sport Tags 14yearold, cities, cup, defeat, dies, football, France, International, Morocco, Moroccos, Rampage, Riots, Soccer World Cup 2022 in Qatar, world Leave a comment
Australian occupation | Riots in the Melbourne Derby cut the Mexico City goalkeeper was attacked by fans (19:21) – 20221217 – Sports – Instant News
Melbourne City, currently at the top of the list, opened the scoring in 11 minutes by midfielder Aiden O'Neill. At 20 minutes into the battle, Melbourne Victory fans threw fireworks at the stadium, and Mexico City goalkeeper Tang Gaohua threw them back to the fan area. A group of fans then broke through the security … Read more
Categories Sport Tags attacked, Australian, city, cut, Derby, Fans, goalkeeper ..., instant, Melbourne, Mexico, News, occupation, Riots, Sports Leave a comment
Cancels the bronze final after riots – VG
CELEBRATION: Moroccan fans took to the streets of Oslo when they won the quarter-final against Portugal. Photo: Rodrigo Freitas / NTB According to the plan, the bronze final between Morocco and Croatia on Saturday was to be shown at Youngstorget and Kontraskjæret. After the row that occurred on Wednesday, the organizer has chosen to cancel … Read more
Categories Sport Tags Bronze, cancels, Final, Riots Leave a comment
Latest information in Paris: Riots in France, joy of victory but tragedy in some areas. World Cup semi-finals | Design Stories
France won the World Cup semi-final against Morocco 2-0 on the night of the 14th in France.Soon after, many supporters flocked to the Champs-Elysées in Paris, and according to the contents announced by the Paris police, about 25,000 people gathered on the Champs-Elysées in just one night. Last week's quarter-final saw Morocco reach the last … Read more
Categories World Tags areas, cup, Design, France, information, joy, latest, Paris, Riots, semifinals, stories, tragedy, Victory, world Leave a comment
My interpretation of smoked salmon with SALMA
It's Fun, 5 Regions Hold 2023 Tax Bleaching, Dead STNK Taxes Can Be Taken Care Of
6 people from Taiwan went to Japan to eat ramen in turn and were bombarded! The key reason behind "Japanese Ojisan" | Life | Sanli News Network SETN.COM
Therefore, strokes in children are detected later than in adults
Arsenal's development is guaranteed by the champions in the first half of the season.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Heinz Awardee Mason Ji Wins Rhodes Scholarship
Please note: the following article is republished from Yale News with permission.
Bound for study in Britain: Three Yalies win 2016 Rhodes Scholarships
By Elizabeth Connolly Martell
Three Yale students were chosen to be members of the class of 2016 Rhodes Scholars.
Jared C. Milfred, Isaac M. Stanley-Becker, and Mason Y. Ji were among the 32 chosen for the coveted scholarship from a pool of 869 applicants nominated by 316 colleges and universities in a nationwide competition.
Rhodes Scholarships, which are among the most prestigious awards for international study, were created in 1902 at the bequest of British philanthropist Cecil Rhodes. The award provides all expenses for two or three years of study at the University of Oxford in England to those students who best exemplify "academic achievement, integrity of character, a spirit of unselfishness and leadership potential."
The Rhodes Scholarship winners are:
Jared C. Milfred
Jared C. Milfred '16 majors in ethics, politics, and economics. He has combined research in political theory and political science with a passion for social justice advocacy and campaign finance reform. He founded the nonpartisan student advocacy organizations Democracy United, serves as the chief executive of the National Council of City Public Financing Agencies, and chairs the City of New Haven Campaign Finance Board. Milfred worked as a speechwriter for U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch and is editor-in-chief of Yale's Journal of Political Thought, as well as the ethics editor of the Yale Philosophy Review. He volunteers as an EMT for Yale Emergency Medical Services and as a reader for blind students at Yale's Office on Disabilities. At age 17, Milfred became the youngest licensed nuclear reactor operator in the United States. He will pursue an M.Phil. in political theory at Oxford.
Stanley Becker
Isaac M. Stanley-Becker '16 majors in history. He is writing his senior essay on industrial transformation and civil disobedience in the port city of New London, Connecticut. Stanley-Becker is an award-winning journalist and an historian of modern urban society. He served as editor-in-chief of the Yale Daily News and interned at the Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, and the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Stanley-Becker also founded the Hillhouse High Journalism Project to teach journalism to New Haven public high school students. He enjoys spending summers working on the docks and hauling lobster traps on an island off the coast of Maine. At Oxford, he intends to complete an M.Phil. in economic and social history.
Mason Ji
Mason Y. Ji is a senior at Yale, majoring in global affairs. He studied abroad at Peking University, where he took all his international relations classes in Chinese with native students at the university's School of International Studies. His senior thesis explores how deepened East-West dialogue has given rise to multicultural dispute resolution mechanisms. Mason was also, at age 18, the youngest United Nations delegate, and adviser to the Mission of the Republic of the Seychelles. A Udall Scholar, he co-authored a document that influenced the 2014 U.S.-China joint statement on climate change. He has interned at the White House and for one of China's largest law firms, is a competitive table tennis player in the United States and China, and is principal oboe for the Yale Concert Band. He plans to seek an M.Phil. in international relations at Oxford.


text:
Q: Lazy suspended tail in sml I was going through some notes and I realized something is amiss.
When emulating lazy computation (without open Lazy;) one can do the following for a stream of ones.
datatype 'a susp = Susp of (unit -> 'a)

datatype 'a stream' = Cons of 'a * ('a stream') susp
type 'a stream = ('a stream') susp

fun delay (f ) = Susp(f);

fun force  (Susp(f)) = f ();

val rec ones' = fn () => Cons(1, delay(ones'));

val ones = delay(ones')

fun ltail(Susp(s)) = ltail'(force s)
and ltail' (Cons(x,s)) = s

But for getting a suspended tail the types do not match up.
operator domain: 'Z susp
operand:         unit -> 'Y

What will need to change for the proper types for ltail ?
I know what happens with a tail not suspended.
I just want to figure out what the notes were saying for the suspended version.

A: fun ltail(Susp(s)) = ltail'(force s)

The problem here is that force takes a value of type susp, but you call it with a value of type () -> 'a. I.e. you take the function out of the susp value and then call force on the function instead of the susp value. You should just do:
fun ltail s = ltail' (force s)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Dispatches | March 02, 2009
True/False Filmfest: Blood Trail
Here's TMR Intern Scott Scheese's reaction to the screening of Richard Parry's film.
Blood Trail directed by <a href="Richard Parry
Blood Trail centers on the work of freelance war photographer Robert King. The film shows King's transition from a frightened and inexperienced nobody in Bosnia to a widely published and reliable correspondent in Iraq. A heavy dose of guile and booze transform him into an artist in a theater of terror.
But is snapping shots of burning bodies and French troops with prostitutes (King's first big break) art? Does the work of a war correspondent involve expression, creativity, and imagination? Of course it does.
First, King's photos express the conditions of a people. The film shows some of King's work concerning alcohol abuse in Russia. One photo displays a group of young (they look to be at least under the age of twelve) children drinking beer. Next, King constantly had to find ways to show the people back in the States the toils of war in a new and creative way. He took on the stories no one else was covering: French troop involvement with prostitutes and the conditions of the frontline. Finally, King used his imagination to find the right shot. He captured the French troops mingling with prostitutes from an abandoned bus. Often, King immersed himself in the culture of the Russian clubs.
However, the characteristic that legitimizes King as an artist the most is arguably his suffering. The art family has a fascination with the tortured artist. We regard Frida Kahlo, Beethoven, and Hemingway highly because of their tribulations. The artist tormented to death, Sylvia Plath for instance, maybe even lures us more. Does the key to the expression, creativity, and imagination of art lie in personal tragedy? Does an artist have to suffer to create?
2020 Miller Guest Judge in the Spotlight: Alex Sujong Laughlin
2020 Miller Audio Prize Guest Judge Alex Sujong Laughlin shares her journey to becoming an audio producer, the lens through which she sees the world, and how TikTok makes her… read more
Last Call for Submissions to the Jeffrey E. Smith Editors' Prize
The LASY DAY to enter TMR's Editors' Prize has arrived And with it, the last call. The 29th Annual Jeffrey E. Smith Editors' Prize Contest closes tonight! You have the rest of… read more
Interview with 2019 Miller Audio Prize Guest Judge Cher Vincent
Our guest judge this year, Cher Vincent (she/her), is an audio producer based in Chicago. She is currently Lead Audio Producer for One Illinois, a nonprofit news outlet, covering statewide news and producing… read more


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text:
include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk
include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/image.mk

define Image/BuildKernel
	cp $(KDIR)/zImage $(BIN_DIR)/$(IMG_PREFIX)-zImage
endef

define Image/Build/ext2
	cp $(KDIR)/root.$(1) $(BIN_DIR)/$(IMG_PREFIX)-ext2.img
endef

define Image/Build
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Balliya is a village and gram panchayat in Salarpur block, Budaun district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Its village code is 128240. According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 1,666 out of 896 are males and 770 are females.

References

Villages in Budaun district


text:
← Sat 2 Nov: Hannah Nicholson with support from Nick Dudek
The Magic Lantern 'The Life That I Have' EP Launch →
Sat 9 Nov: Robin Elliott 'There Is A Land' Album Launch
'..one of the purest songwriting talents in music today' For Folk's Sake / '…beautifully realised, insightfully conceived, entertaining and thought-provoking' Green Ginger Wine
The Slaughtered Lamb,
34-35 Great Sutton St, Clerkenwell, London EC1V 0DX
Nearest tube Farringdon, 8 mins walk DIRECTIONS
Doors open 7.30 pm. Music from 8.15 pm sharp.
New Roots presents Robin Elliott 'There Is A Land' Album Launch, full band show with support from Men Daimler & Dilettante.
Robin Elliott's full-length debut album, There is a Land, will be released across digital platforms and 12" vinyl, and launched with a full band show at The Slaughtered Lamb on Saturday 9th November. Co-produced by longtime collaborator and Radio 2 Folk Award Winner Ben Walker (Folkroom Records), the album weaves diverse strands of influence into a compelling, coherent whole. Its 10 songs are each utterly different but are united by Robin's compelling bespoke arrangements for the same small palette of instruments each time. At the centre is Elliott's voice: beautiful, strange and distinctive, equally adept at the high and plaintive as the declamatory or the dry. And there are jokes, odd references, intricate vocal harmonies, jazz players, weird skips beyond the fourth wall.
There are hints of all this across Robin's three previous releases, the EPs At Sunset and Green Ginger Wine (Textbook Records), and Weapons Antique & Modern (Folkroom Records). Live shows have taken him around the UK several times with contemporaries Jack Harris, Samantha Whates and Cameron Niven, and further afield into France, Italy and Brazil. The Weapons… EP is compiled from Robin's early work as songwriter-for-hire, including from the award-winning documentary feature film A Very British Gangster.
Support on the evening comes from alt-folk provocateur Men Daimler and solo artist Dilettante.


The number of deer taken in the 2016-17 hunting season dropped from the previous year.
ASHEVILLE - The North Carolina deer harvest took a dip during the 2016-17 deer hunting season, although it varied widely among hunting districts across the state.
According to the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission, state hunters reported 149,811 deer killed during the most recent hunting season, down 7.8 percent from the 2015-2016 season.
All nine districts reported declines, with a 1.2 percent drop in District 9, which covers much of Western North Carolina, to a 14.1 percent decline in District 5, in the Piedmont.
The Western deer season ran from Sept. 10 starting with archery, to gun season, which ran Nov. 21 to Jan. 2 in some WNC counties.
"The long-term trend is still up," said Jonathan Shaw, wildlife biologist with the Wildlife Commission, based in Raleigh.
The 2015-16 season harvest was up 5.8 percent from the 2014-15 season, but it was still 3.9 percent below the 10-year average, Shaw said.
The deer harvest in District 9, which includes Buncombe, Madison, Henderson and Polk counties and all counties west of those, had the biggest increase in deer harvest in the state during the 2014-15 season at 33 percent.
But looking at annual numbers alone can be somewhat misleading, Shaw said. The 2013-14 WNC deer season was very low, when there were 4,638 deer harvested, for an 8.9 percent decrease from the previous year. One of the biggest factors is the acorn crop, a major source of food.
This past year, the mast crop was spotty, he said, good in some places but not in others.
The statewide deer herd estimate is about 1 million, Shaw said, with rough estimates that it has been as high at 1.4 million over the past 30 years.
Since 2010, when a survey of deer hunters began annually, the number of deer hunters has stayed about the same, with 250,000 active deer hunters.


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@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *enteredMarksLabel;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *individualWeightLabel;
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@property (nonatomic, weak) id <GroupCalculationViewControllerDelegate> delegate;

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// Dealing with the total weight
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text:
Brazil, Covid-19, and Bolsonaro: 'Evangelicals Have Never Been as Divided as They Are Now'
A worship service of an evangelical church in Brazil. (Photo: Gabriel Brito/Unsplash)
With almost 2 million people infected, Brazil continues to be the epicenter of the coronavirus pandemic in South America.
'I Died That Day' — Uvalde Teacher Falsely Accused of Propping Door Open for Gunman Speaks Out
But the second most hit country in the world (after the United States) not only experiences a health crisis, it is also going through heavy social tensions which have strong repercussions on the evangelical churches.
How are Christian communities responding in the face of suffering? Do all evangelicals support the decisions of President Jair Bolsonaro? What should Brazilian believers prioritise in the present a context of uncertainty and despair?
Evangelical Focus asked these questions to the editorial team of Ultimato, a Brazilian magazine led by director Klênia Fassoni. Ultimato reports on current issues from an evangelical perspective since 1968, and is one of the oldest evangelical media projects of its kind.
Question. Latin America has become the world's most affected region. How would you describe the coronavirus situation in Brazil?
Answer. On 7 July [the day we answered to these questions] the figures said that there were 1,674,655 people diagnosed with Covid-19 and 66,868 deceased. It is very sad to follow these daily statistics. The scenarios in the cemeteries are shocking. There are many who have lost more than one member of their family. The contagion rate continues to be very high in the big cities, and is growing in the cities of the inland.
The structural inequalities in our country are evident. Part of the population cannot comply with basic measures of personal hygiene and social distancing, because they do not have access to basic services of sanitation and do not live in adequate buildings. As everywhere else in the world, normal life has been interrupted. 'Informal workers' have lost their income, students lost school, or have been forced to continue the academic year without the needed technological conditions to do so. Businesses have closed or been restricted, companies have been hit hard, and unemployment has reached alarming levels.
And if the effects of the illness were not enough, Brazil unfortunately is becoming famous globally for having had one of the worst governmental responses to the crisis. We are living a political exploitation of the pandemic: the denial of some by some, and the media exploitation by others. The denunciation of corruption and bad use of resources in the fight against Covid-19 causes indignation.
A couple of weeks ago, the International Monetary Fund reduced its expectations about Brazil. According to the experts, the reduction of the GDP will be of at least 9%. We were coming from a deep economic crisis that now accentuates. The perspectives for the next years are dismal. Unemployment figures will remain high and the young generation of today has worse expectations than the previous generations.
Q. In the midst of this dramatic context, what good examples of evangelical churches responding to the Covid-19 have you seen?
A. Brazil is a very big country, and there are many evangelical denominations, it is not easy to follow all churches. Nevertheless, it is possible to enumerate a series of good practices that we have seen from one end to the other. Since the beginning of the pandemic, Ultimato committed to report about what churches in Brazil, Latin America, and other continents were doing as they faced local challenges.
The Brazilian church is similar to the global church in initiatives such as the confection of face masks by volunteers or the distribution of food and hygiene products.
Beyond that, kilometers of rivers have been crossed to assist indigenous and riverside traditional communities, to give bread to homeless people, to create a service to register and connect unemployed people and employers, among other initiatives. It is true that the churches with larger membership and more resources stand out in some practical actions, but the initiatives of small congregations serving people in their nearest environment should not go unnoticed.
A part from the churches, Brazilian Christian organization are being very creative as they mobilize people and resources. The Vocare movement gathered young volunteers, World Vision created a fund to support initiatives of child protection, the Bible Society of Brazil launched the "Defeating Fear" campaign to bring hope through God's Word, the Brazilian Association of Trans-cultural Missions (AMTB) brought together representatives of organizations and mission agencies to pray every week for the challenges of mission work, the network Mãos Dadas gathered resources for families and tutors of children and teenagers. More recently, in association with World Vision and Tearfund, our editorial, Editora Ultimato, is holding online conversations called "Dialogues of hope: the church and the (post) pandemic" which are moments of reflection about the times we are living and the challenges that they bring to the church.
Q. President Bolsonaro is often portrayed as a kind of "South American Trump". Is this a fair comparison? How are they similar to each other and how not?
A. Perhaps the most correct would be saying that the Brazilian President tries to imitate the US President. In a certain way, Bolsonaro re-inaugurates an old idea of the ambassador and former chancellor Juracy Magalhães, at the beginning of the military dictatorship in 1964. He said: "What is good for the United States is good for Brazil".
Either way, Trump and Bolsonaro both denied, at different stages, the gravity of the pandemic. Both feed populistic politics and often point at the press, among other alleged enemies, as responsible for the problems of their own administration.
But, of course, it is not possible to compare the two countries nor the communication ability of President Bolsonaro and President Trump. Furthermore, the biography and the political history of the two mandataries are very different as well.
Q. In Europe, the media often say that evangelicals are key supporters of Bolsonaro. But the Brazilian Evangelical Alliance had very strong words for the President, asking him not to "divide the country" with his actions. What sectors of the evangelical population does this more critical position of the Brazilian Evangelical Alliance represent?
A. There is no doubt that there are many evangelical leaders aligned with the government of Bolsonaro. Social sciences researchers say that the vote of evangelicals was key for his victory.
The majority of the evangelical representatives who support the current government are members of neo-Pentecostal churches. But there also Pentecostal and evangelical churches of the historic Reformed wing that support him. A part from those who have voted for Bolsonaro or publicly supported him, there are also evangelicals who have gained positions in different levels of his government.
But evangelicals were divided during the elections and continue to be divided today. Some have criticized the pronouncements and the programs of this government from the beginning.
Some attitudes of the President which were visibly against the spirit and the principles of democracy, led to the Evangelical Christian Alliance public statement on 19 April. The Alliance represents important segments of evangelicals in Brazil and its composition is mainly of churches that have a historic Protestant background. In terms of the number of affiliated churches, it is fair to say that the Alliance is not so representative of all churches.
Q. Has the debate among evangelicals about Bolsonaro been in Biblical and theological terms? Or has it been a confrontation between Christians on the right and Christians on the left?
A. It is not possible to speak about "evangelicals" as a homogeneous group. Nevertheless, before the 2018 election, and even today, it is easy to perceive the association of the evangelical church with the Bolsonaro government. The research of Datafolha and the support of the Confederation of Pastors of Brazil (which brings together the main neo-Pentecostal groups), even in the first round of the election, leave no room for doubt.
Even when this support has decreased, the calling to a National Day of Fasting in April 2020, with the support of the "biggest evangelical leaders of the country" in response to the "holy proclamation made by the supreme head of the nation", as well as the recurring attempt of neo-Pentecostal pastors to minimize the pandemic, can help us respond to this question.
Another element that helps us understand the situation is the spending of the government of more than 30 million Brazilian reals (10% of all the spending of the Secretary of Communication of the present government) towards evangelical broadcasters that had prayed with the President.
In general terms, the proposals of the President found a great approval among large sectors of the Brazilian church, mainly due to his commitment with a conservative agenda, in issues such as sexual identity, abortion and same-sex marriage. This position reinforced his image as the "only representative of authentic Christians".
At the same time, other evangelical sectors denounced (and do so still today) the creation of a dangerous "messianic" aura around the President, which would be even damaging the evangelical witness to the Brazilian society.
We have come to situation of polarization, in which dialogue has been severely obstructed. Both parts of this clash support Biblically and theologically beliefs that are considered orthodox, but radically disagree about the support of the evangelical church to Bolsonaro's government. The most conservative see an opportunity to strengthen the Christian principles whereas the more progressive see a threat to the cause of the Gospel.
There are attempts to build a qualified debate based on theological and Biblical aspects, but the polarization and the open wounds often make it impossible to build bridges that would help a dialogue that leads to more moderate positions.
We, at Ultimato, continue investing in the search for dialogue, giving the benefit of the doubt, with benevolence. We dream about a church that expresses a non-negotiable commitment with the Scriptures and a conscious responsibility with the Brazilian society.
Q. What are some of the other challenges that Brazil is facing? Are churches addressing these as well?
A. The structural inequality is the deepest social challenge. We have to include here the racial issues: following almost all parameters, being black in Brazil is standing in disadvantage. An example is that the figures of infected and deceased due to the Covid-19 are higher among the black population.
The environmental problem is also serious and it has grown to new dimensions with this government.
Corruption, through which resources are diverted, causing deaths, is also a pandemic.
Another challenge, related to the churches, is the lack of unity. Evangelicals have probably never been as divided as they are now, and this division is strongly amplified in the social media.
There are churches with different denominational orientations and embedded in specific social contexts which work with some of these challenges in mind, but the majority of them only act in their nearest context. Other Christian communities act with a more integral approach.
Among the organisations and networks, we could mention Rede Mãos Dadas e Renas (the National Evangelical Network of Social Action). They coordinate and encourage initiatives in urgent causes of our time, such as familiar fostering, the adoption of children, the defense of human rights, environmental awareness, anti-corruption platforms, among other issues.
P. In particular, how does Ultimato encourage the involvement of evangelical Christians in society?
A. We try to remember and spread "the whole gospel to all people" every day, this was one of the distinctive marks of the 1974 Lausanne Congress. This means that we have to ask questions and seek to find answers, while pointing to Christian best practices in the different spheres of culture.
In brief, Ultimato wants to bring the Biblical erudition to a Sunday school language and, in the words of John Stott, read the Bible to find Jesus. We want to help our readers to "love what God commands and desire what he promises", as the English theologian and writer N.T. Wright said recently. This is the opposite of what has become common in the last years in many Brazilian churches, where they have prayed that "God commands what we already love and promise what we already desire".
Q. How will the evangelical churches in Brazil look like in 10 years time? What emphases should be made now to train a young generation that makes a positive impact in the country?
A. This exercise of "projection" for the next decade is not easy. In fact, it is quite complex to do. The rhythm of growth of the number of evangelicals in the country will probably suffer a significant deceleration, after the expressive vigour of the last three decades. We already see signs of this change of trend.
The task that should have followed the numerical growth from the beginning, the formation of new disciples, continues to be an unreached aim.
In this sense, the quarantine gave a "providential impulse", because the social isolation reinforced the importance of the witness of the "common Christians". The church spread to the homes and the neighborhoods of the cities. Christians who are professionals in the marketplace joined the missionaries and the evangelists, and re-discovered their role in the witness of Christ. This more organic, creative and active experience can bring a continued learning and an irreversible change in our ecclesiology, in our way of being church.
Therefore, an important emphasis that needs to be adopted now is the investment of leaders and "older brothers" in the Biblical-theological training of the new generations. We are talking about the good and old discipleship, a kind of training that abandons for once all those false dichotomies, the artificial fragmentation between the "sacred" and "secular" sectors of life. A discipleship that allows the youngest to build a more harmonious and integral worldview, in which every vocation and profession is valued as a call from God that is as sacred and spiritual as the traditional "missionary" and "pastoral" calls.
Starting with that holistic understanding, themes like the use of technology, environmental responsibility, participation in politics, economic, racial and sexual inequalities, xenophobia, among other themes…, will all be addressed with the same holiness as those issues that have to do with the interior spiritual life.
A non-divided discipleship, based on the holistic proposal of the Gospel, will surely have a great impact in the presence and witness of the church in today's society, an impact that undoubtedly will reflect the glory of God.
P. Finally, how can Christians in other places of the world pray for Brazil?
A. Pray for the fight against the pandemic, the reduction of people infected by the coronavirus and the recovery of those who are ill.
We believe it is also important to pray for the leaders of the country.
It would be a relief for the population if we would not be facing these other crises in Brazil happening in the area of politics, economy and the environment. There is a need for the church to be strengthened, walking in unity and admitting its role in denouncing injustice, inequality, abandonment, exploitation and corruption.
The practice of mercy and a simple lifestyle also depend on the church.
Finally, we also want to be thankful. Christian organizations as the mentioned above are an example, among others, of those who serve in practical ways and offer help to the poorest and most vulnerable. May God be praised for each of these initiatives!
These answers were provided by Klênia Fassoni (director of Ultimato), Marcos Bontempo (editorial director of Ultimato), Ariane Gomes (coordinator of contents of UltimatoOnline) and Reinaldo Percinoto Jr (UltimatoOnline contributor).
Editor's note: This article was republished from Evangelical Focus under a Creative Commons license.
Tags: BrazilCoronavirusEvangelical Focus
Chilling 911 Calls Reveal Anguish of Uvalde Shooting Victims as Hundreds of Cops Took 77 Minutes to Confront Gunman


text:
« The Worst Week in American Presidential History
Who is on the Cross? »
By C. Joshua Villines | July 6, 2017 - 15:43 | July 6, 2017 Faith, Politics
Donald Trump tweets a video of the choir and orchestra of First Baptist Church Dallas (Twitter Screenshot)
It's hardly surprising that the perfect symbol of the democratic crisis created by the Trump "presidency" would be found in one of his tweets, and it's fitting that the tweet arrived on the Fourth of July, a day dedicated to celebrating our long history of resistance to egomaniacal, self-serving, out-of-touch, petty, petulant tyrants. What is distressing is how unsurprising all of this is. Months of constantly embarrassing, un-presidential, and blatantly dishonest behavior by Donald Trump has so numbed us to the erosion of our national stability that the outcry over this latest horror was decidedly muted.
We ignore or understate the multivalent dangers of this particular tweet, however, at our grave peril. In it, a choir from a fundamentalist Christian mega-church appears at the Kennedy Center to perform a cloying, orchestral recreation of Donald Trump's campaign slogan "Make America Great Again." Trump's tweet can be found here. The jingoistic doggerel that comprises the lyrics can be found here.
It is difficult to know where to begin in listing all of the problems with this tweet. Perhaps the easiest place is the largest target: Donald Trump's stunning lack of comprehension of how to behave in a presidential manner. Rather than celebrating the Fourth by sharing a rendition of a traditional song from the patriotic canon, one all Americans might find unifying, Donald Trump chose to further hammer our citizens with a divisive campaign slogan. Rather than making the Fourth of July about our ancestors' sacrifices, Donald Trump made the holiday about himself, and rather than seeking an opportunity to unite, he found one more opportunity to divide. That is his "presidential" modus operandi in a nutshell.
The slogan itself is also deeply problematic. Donald Trump responded to eight years of economic, social, diplomatic, political, environmental, and technological progress by claiming that the past decade was a time when America's "greatness" had been sacrificed, and that we needed to move in a new direction, undoing that progress, to make America "great" again. One wonders who could look at the Obama legacy of prosperous industries, greater equality and fairness, increased international respect, protection from voter suppression, cleaner air and water, and drives toward freedom from fossil fuels and think, "This is terrible! We need to reverse all of this!"
A quick look at the video Trump gleefully posted provides an answer. In it we see a uniformly white crowd of aging, suburban boomers, some even wearing the pearls they presumably clutch in fear as they are fed a steady diet of unsubstantiated ignorance and unfiltered bigotry. This is hardly surprising considering the demographics of Trump voters, but the tone-deaf enthusiasm with which Trump tweeted an all-white choir chanting his reactionary slogan further underscores the racism and xenophobia underlying his campaign's message of returning to the "good ol' days."
Of course, equally problematic is the fact that this is a church choir singing this Orwellian piece of propaganda, which its creator chose to classify as a hymn. As history consistently teaches us, prostituting the Church in the service of Empire never ends well. More surreal, though, is the fact that any Christian group anywhere would have chosen Donald Trump and his slogan as the inspiration for their song.
Yet the overwhelming support of Donald Trump by fundamentalist Christians is well-documented, and ongoing. On the surface, it makes no sense. Trump, after all, has no grasp of Scripture, is a thrice-divorced misogynist who brags about sexually assaulting women, and a professional con-artist and liar whose egocentric self-promotion and lifestyle of venal over-indulgence are the very opposite of Christian piety. This is the man who wrote in Art of the Comeback, "I believe in an eye for an eye – like the Old Testament says" and "Some of the people who forgot to lift a finger when I needed them, when I was down, they need my help now, and I'm screwing them against the wall." Trump subsequently cited Exodus again during his political campaign, seemingly unaware of Jesus' categorical rejection of the concept.
Yet, presumably because of his willingness to deny refuge to the stranger; deny healthcare, food, and educational access to the poor; disenfranchise minorities; and, undermine our stewardship of creation, Christian fundamentalists have flocked to his side. This only makes sense if we recognize that Christian fundamentalism (or "conservative evangelicalism" as its proponents prefer to label the movement, to hide its radical, anti-democratic agenda) has nothing to do with Christianity and everything to do with advancing a self-serving political ideology of ignorance and bigotry.
The relationship between the ascendency of Trump and the forces of fundamentalism in America, however, is about more than the blind allegiance of pablum-fed, theologically illiterate congregations. Essential to the survival of hucksters and strongmen like Trump is the ability to convince people to ignore the validity of thoughtfully analyzed and sourced information in favor of empty rhetoric. In Trump's case, the list of confidence games he has perpetuated in the service of his bid for power seems endless.
This is a man who convinced coal miners and factory workers he would bring back jobs that are never coming back (including in manufacturing). This is a billionaire real estate developer who convinced working-class voters he was their ally, and then stocked his cabinet with fellow members of the very class that has been cheating them of their wages for decades, and then said he wouldn't want a "poor person" in that role. This is a man who convinced voters that the protections that keep their air breathable and their water drinkable were bad for them. This is a President who put in place an Attorney General who wants to make the country "safer" by ignoring decades of evidence-based research on policing. This is a President who claims to love veterans, while cutting the programs that support them. This is a President who ran on helping the middle class, and then "leads" by advocating tax cuts for the wealthy. Every single policy and program of Donald Trump flies in the face of his own rhetoric, logic, and peer-reviewed research – yet tens of millions of Americans are convinced that he is the one to finally make America "great."
How is this possible? How is it that so many members of the American electorate are willing to ignore facts, research, and logic? How is it that the President of the nation that gave the world the concept of a free press has millions of Americans celebrating when he sends out a video showing himself pummeling a mainstream news organization – a news group so rigorous in its commitment to journalistic integrity that it fired three journalists for an erroneous news story? How did we get to the point where tens of millions of Americans lack the critical thinking and intellectual sophistication to differentiate legitimate journalism from right-wing propaganda? How did we get to the point where tens of millions of Americans cannot tell when a con artist lies, explicitly, to their faces?
As much as it pains me to admit it as a person of faith and a member of the clergy, the answer is: religion. Not all religion, certainly, but specifically the vile, cancerous form of it that is fundamentalism. The very cognitive process that allows fundamentalism to thrive is the same one that gives legitimacy to Donald Trump's agenda of anti-intellectual fakery.
I will give one hypothetical example as an illustration. An atheist scholar studying the first three chapters of the biblical book of Genesis, lacking any theological imperative and working simply off the extant facts, would likely conclude that they represent two different, regional variants on an older, Babylonian creation myth. A mainstream Christian scholar at a seminary like the one I attended, or – less hypothetically – teaching a Hebrew Bible course like the ones I have taught to undergraduates, would make the exact same observation. As Christians, we would add, however, that the relevance of these two creation myths comes from trying to hear what eternal truths our ancestors in the faith found in each story, separately, such that they saw fit to preserve them.
A fundamentalist Christian "scholar," on the other hand, would insist that the myths must be read as one, historical account – all literary, anthropological, linguistic, physical, and geological evidence to the contrary. The fundamentalist approach requires that facts, logic, and good sense must be abandoned when they come into conflict with dogma. Consequently, in order to research their pre-ordained conclusions, a fundamentalist must undermine, ridicule, or simply ignore any research based on verifiable or observable data, intellectual rigor, or professional expertise.
Whereas mainstream Christianity and scientific/humanistic scholarship can co-exist without conflict, fundamentalism cannot do the same. Fundamentalism, like its anachronistic followers, cannot live comfortably in the modern world. As a result, fundamentalism must inculcate into its adherents a complete mistrust of all of the expertise and scholarship of educators and researchers, because the conclusions of experts inevitably erode the ear-tickling creeds of fundamentalist religious leaders. Accordingly, fundamentalist congregants are conditioned to rely on the charismatic rhetoric of their clergy, while also being trained to ignore all other sources of information.
This mindset – trusting only those charming speakers who tell them what they want to hear, no matter how incoherent – is the perfect breeding ground for the cult of personality and anti-intellectualism that has driven Donald Trump to power. Trump's presidency will undoubtedly deal devastating blows to the viability of the United States as a modern, healthy, secular democracy, but he is merely the symptom. The near metastatic threat to our future as a nation is not in the Oval Office, it's in the pulpits of the fundamentalist mega-churches. Until we can resolve the larger issue of a significant voting block that is immune to critical thinking and scientific research, we will constantly find ourselves pulled back into the medieval superstitions and neo-feudalism of Trump's policies.
Trump is My President Too
The GOP is Not the Conservative Party
The GOP and the Destruction of Christianity
Flag-Waving and Flag-Shaming Distract from Real Issues
Tagged Christianity, church-state separation, fundamentalism, hypocrisy, political, religion. Bookmark the permalink.


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Marion Bayard Folsom (November 23, 1893 – September 27, 1976) was an American government official and businessman. He served as the U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare from 1955 to 1958 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Biography
Folsom was born in McRae, Georgia. He was the son of William Bryant Folsom and Margaret Jane (née McRae).  Folsom graduated from the University of Georgia in 1912, and he received a master's degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration in 1914.

In 1914, Folsom joined the Eastman Kodak Company. After serving with the Army as a captain in World War I, he returned to Kodak as its statistical secretary. As early as 1921, he proposed that Kodak create a private unemployment insurance program. During the Great Depression, he was the architect of the 1931 Rochester Plan, a program by 14 Rochester employers to pay unemployment insurance to any of their laid-off workers. The plan would cover 26,000 workers beginning in 1933. Only eight of the companies involved managed to save enough money for payments, which proceeded from 1933 until 1936. The failure of the program to attract stronger support from the business community convinced Folsom that worker benefits should be provided by the government rather than private enterprise.

In 1934, Folsom was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a member of an Advisory Council on Economic Security, which laid the foundation for the present Social Security program. He served from 1935 to 1953 as a Treasurer of the Eastman Kodak Company.

After resigning from Eastman Kodak, he became the Under Secretary of the Treasury from 1953 to 1955. In this position, he wrote a complete revision of the federal tax code. He served as the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare with President Dwight D. Eisenhower from August 1, 1955, following the resignation of Oveta Culp Hobby, until July 31, 1958.

Folsom married Mary Davenport, on November 16, 1918, with whom he had three children, Jane McRae, Marion Bayard, Jr. and Frances Folsom. He died in Rochester, New York, on September 27, 1976. Folsom was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia.

References

External links

 Arlington National Cemetery

1893 births
1976 deaths
American Presbyterians
United States Secretaries of Health, Education, and Welfare
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Eisenhower administration cabinet members
20th-century American politicians
People from McRae, Georgia
Harvard Business School alumni
New York (state) Republicans
University of Georgia alumni

Kodak people


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Las hombreras son almohadillas que se colocan en el interior de las chaquetas o abrigos para realzar la zona de los hombros.

Las hombreras se fabrican en espuma de poliuretano cubierta con una funda de tela. Se cosen en la parte interior de las prendas y tienen por objeto ampliar el contorno de la espalda proporcionando una apariencia más robusta o atlética. Se fabrican en varios espesores y formatos según el diseño de la prenda y el tipo de manga para la que se van a emplear.

A lo largo de la historia las hombreras se han utilizado indistintamente tanto por hombres como por mujeres. Las hombreras han estado de moda entre las mujeres en diversas épocas:

En los años 1930, son destacables las hombreras femeninas.
En los años 1940, se cree que la popularidad de las hombreras grandes pudo deberse a la influencia de los uniformes militares.
En los años 1980, se produjo un resurgir de las hombreras para el público femenino con un estilo más atlético.
En 2009, parecemos asistir a un nuevo auge en la utilización de las hombreras.

Referencias

Vuelta de las hombreras en 2008

Partes de una prenda


text:
Q: Call a JS Method before JQGrid reload method is invoked I want to call a javascript method before the JqGrid grid default refresh or reload  ..
can any help me
Thanks and advance
ravi

A: Try to use the event beforeRequest
http://www.trirand.com/jqgridwiki/doku.php?id=wiki:events


Kruger National Park: Brandnew Parfuri Border Camp to open on 01 Nov 2015!
A brandnew rest camp is set to open in Kruger National Park on 01 November 2015. The Parfuri Border Camp is situated in the Pafuri section of the National Park about 70km from the Punda Maria Camp Gate. The new camp includes three very spacious self-catering units: the one-bedroom (4-sleeper) Mockford Cottage, the three-bedroom (6-sleeper) Doctor's House, and the four-bedroom (8-sleeper) Mockford House. On offer is a reception area and a swimming pool. A museum dedicated to Pafuri's fascinating history will be operational by 2016. Activities at the Parfuri Border Camp include day bush walks, morning walks, day safari, night drives, sunrise drives and sunset walks.
Mozambique builds Africa's largest suspension bridge!
update (13 Dec 2016): According to the Mozambican daily newspaper Noticas, the Minister of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources of Mozambique, Carlos Bonete said 70% of the work on the Maputo-Katembe bridge, which will connect Maputo with Catembe by crossing the Maputo Bay, has been completed. Full completition of the bridge is still planed for the end of 2017.
The governments of Mozambique and China are currently building Africa's largest suspension bridge, as well as its link roads, in Mozambique. The construction of the brigde started in June 2014 and is expected to finished in December 2017. The two lane bridge, which will connect Maputo with Catembe by crossing the Maputo Bay, will be three kilometers long, will have a width of 680m and will stand 60m above sea level. Adjoining roads will link the bridge with the Ponto de Ouro border post (Mozambique) and the Kosi Bay border post (South Africa), so that the driving time from Mozambique's border with KwaZulu-Natal to Maputo will be cut by about four hours.
Botswana named "Top Country to visit 2016" by Lonely Planet!
update (03 Nov 2015): Lonely Planet has uploaded a "visual portrait of the top country in their Best in Travel 2016 selections, Botswana.
Lonely Planet's Best in Travel is produced annually as a guide to the top destinations, trends and experiences for the upcoming year. The Top 10 lists in Best in Travel were compiled by teams of experts, who took into account special events going on next year, recent developments in each country/region/city, and new things for travellers to see or do.
South Africa/Mozambique: Komatipoort Border to open 24hrs/day from 2016!
The governments of South Africa and Mozambique have agreed to open the Lebombo Border Post and the Ressano Garcia Border Post (also called the Komatipoort Border/geogr. coordinates 25.4431°S 31.9867°E) between the two countries 24 hours per day from 2016. The main and busiest border crossing between South Africa and Mozambique currently closes at midnight and reopens at 06:00 in the morning.
South Africa: New measures for immigration regulations!
update (12 Nov 2015): South Africam Tourism has released an infographic summarising the amendments made to South Africa's visa rules.
In countries with no South African mission or embassy, Home Affairs will accept applications by registered mail, applicable to tourist and medical visitors only.
These postal applications will then be finalised with the capture of traveller biometrics: finger prints and photos at selected port entries to South Africa – OR Tambo/Johannesburg, King Shaka/Durban and Cape Town international airports.
South African children travelling out of the country will still be required to submit the current child-travel requirements, including parental consent affidavits as a means to protect the minors. These documents are valid for six months.
Full details and identification and biometric information of parents will also be printed in the children's passports; therefore they will not be required to carry the birth certificates. Home Affairs, however, does advise that this form of identification still be carried as an additional form of proof.
For inbound travellers, proof of original birth certificates or certified copies will only be required during the application process, as this is in line with practice in many other countries.
The South African government has agreed to amend the law that includes the term "unabridged birth certificate", changing it to "birth certificate containing parental details".
Home Affairs is currently considering the possibility of issuing long-term multiple entry visas for frequent business travellers.
The IMC takes the position that where visas are required, provision of original birth certificates or certified copies of required documents should continue during the visa application process as this is in line with practise in many other countries.
Travellers who are from visa exempt countries traveling with children will be strongly advised (!) to bring along proof of the relation and consent from the absent parent/s or guardian/s.
Concessions that will take effect within the next three months include allowing countries where no South African missions exist to post their application to enter the country by post as they will be accepted by the Department of Home Affairs.
The Department of Home Affairs will implement the biometrics, including fingerprints and photos, at the pilot sites which will be at OR Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg, King Shaka International Airport in Durban and Cape Town International Airport in Cape Town.
The Department of Home Affairs will introduce an Accredited Tourism Company (ATC) Programme for China, India and Russia with possible extension to other visa requiring countries.
Within three months to a year the Department of Home Affairs will increase Visa Facilitation Centres (VFC) in China, India, United Kingdom, Nigeria Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Ghana, Kenya and Uganda.
The Department of Home Affairs will fast-track the opening of Visa Facilitation Centres (VFC) in Zimbabwe, United Arab Emirates and Botswana.
Measures which will be implemented beyond one year include the installing of systems for pre-flight checks at international airports.
The IMC accepts the implementation of the current child-travel requirements, including the parental consent affidavits as these seek to protect children.
Allowances which will be made as part of the new measure regarding children within the next three months to a year include details of the parents printed on the passports so that children whose particulars are printed would not be required to carry birth certificates.
In the next three months school principals will issue letters confirming permission for children to travel or school tours. This authority will also be extended to include registered sports bodies.
The "36 hours" travel column by the New York Times is probably one of the most popular and famous of its kind worldwide. The latest edition of "36 hours" covers Cape Town in South Africa and gives the viewer (also check out the article by Capetonian Sarah Khan!) some great travel tips on "what to do when you've got 36 hours to get to know a city". Travellers who know Cape Town may find the travel tips not super special, but everyone who is planning to visit the Mother City for the first time will definitely get some helpful hints on what to see, where to eat and what to do in Cape Town. Enjoy!
Kruger National Park: 19 Elephants killed by poachers so far in 2015!
According to South African National Parks (SANParks), 19 elephants have been poached in Kruger National Park so far in 2015. 12 of those have been illegally killed in September (seven elephants) and October (five elephants) 2015 alone. The majority of the elephants were poached in the northern part of Kruger National Park.
The first confirmed elephant poaching incident in Kruger National Park in well over ten years took place in Pafuri section of the Park in May 2014. Kruger National Park lost two elephants the whole of 2014.
Namibia: 77 rhinos killed by poachers so far in 2015!
According to Namibia's Ministry of Environment and Tourism, the country has lost 77 rhinos to poaching so far in 2015. Of the 77 rhinos, most rhinos were poached in Etosha National Park. Some of the carcasses found in the National Park may actually be old and could therefore be the remains of animals that were killed before the start of 2015. The Ministry of Environment and Tourism offers rewards of N$60 000 for information that lead to the arrest and prosecution of rhino poachers.
Lufthansa: Seasonal daily flights between Munich <> Cape Town!
Europe's largest airline, German airline Lufthansa, has announced that it will increase its flights between Munich Airport (MUC) in Munich and Cape Town International Airport (CPT) in Cape Town from five non-stop weekly flights to a daily schedule. The service is valid from 25 October 2015 until 27 March 2016. The airline will operate an Boeing A340-600 between the two destinations.
Switzerland's leading leisure travel airline Edelweiss Air, owned by the Lufthansa Group, will for the fifth year running connect Cape Town's Cape Town International Airport (CPT) with Zurich Airport (ZRH) in Zurich non-stop twice a week during South Africa's high season (October 2015 until mid May 2016).
Zambia introduced an e-Visa system!
Zambia has introduced a new e-Visa system as an alternative to visas issued at Zambia's missions and at the ports of entry. Applicants for the e-Visa obtain their official document permitting entry into and travel within Zambia (visa) electronically after entering all required information on evisa.zambiaimmigration.gov.zm and making payments by a credit or debit card (Mastercard or Visa). This two-step visa application will take between three and five working days to process and applicants can check the status of their application online. According to the video below (which seems to be the official e-visa application process video - see the website of the Zambia Department of Immigration), you can also pay for your visa in cash at Zambia's ports of entry.
South Africa: Skywise reduced flights between Johannesburg <> Cape Town!
South African low cost carrier Skywise has announced that it has reduced the number of flights between Johannesburg <> Cape Town from eight flights per day to six flights per day to better manage its capacity, effective immediately. Passengers affected by the reduced schedule will be accommodated on alternative flights at different times; Skywise's customer service agents will also assist passengers to claim a full refund.
South Africa: Eastern Cape gets its 6th provincial nature reserve!
The Mhlonto Nature Reserve in the Eastern Cape has become the province's sixth and third-largest provincial nature reserve. The Nature Reserve is located in the eastern part of the Eastern Cape, near the towns of Qumbu and Tsolo. The main attractions in the Mhlonto Nature Reserve include the iconic Tsitsa Falls, Tina Falls, Tina River Valley and Mzoboshe Horseshoe. The reserve is home to blue and grey duikers, baboons, dassies and a variety of small cats as well as a wide variety of bird species. The management of the Mhlonto Nature Reserve also plans to re-introduce the mountain or hartmans zebra, eland, blesbuck and red hartebeest to the area. Activities in and around the Mhlonto Nature Reserve include area conservation, hiking trails, mountain climbing, ecotourism, cultural tourism and game viewing.
Kruger National Park: Sirheni Concrete Dam to get removed for ecological reasons!
Kruger National Park (KNP), in conjunction with South African National Defence Force (SANDF), has started to demolish the wall of the Sirheni Concrete Dam at Sirheni Bushveld Camp on 19 October 2015 (until 23 October 2015) for ecological reasons. The Camp is located at the edge of Kruger National Park's northern plains within the Mopane veld of the region. The Mphongolo River lies next to the Sirheni Bushveld Camp. The Sirheni Concrete Dam was damaged beyond repair during the 2013 floods. Explosives will be used to demolish the dam wall, after which the remains will be removed as part of the rehabilitation process.
The area around the target structure will be cleared to ensure animals and human beings are safe. Ranger and Military staff will be on the ground throughout and the road leading to the dam will also be temporarily closed. Kruger National Park has been closing redundant artificial water points for the past eight years, the last one having taken place in December 2014.
360° VR video of Kruger Mpumalanga International Airport!
Kruger Mpumalanga International Airport (KMI), the Southern Gateway to South Africa's famous Kruger National Park, was recently the first airport in Africa to implement virtual reality (VR) technology. By using mobile devices with a VR headset such as Google Cardboard, Oculus Rift or Samsung VR Gear, users are now able to experience the airport and its surroundings in a 360° interactive format. The video below gives you an idea what to expect at Kruger Mpumalanga International Airport (KMI).
Kruger Mpumalanga International Airport (KMI) is located 23 km north east of Nelspruit and 14km from White River in Mpumalanga.
Ethiopian Airlines to resume flights between Addis Ababa <> Durban!
Ethiopia's flag carrier, Ethiopian Airlines, is set to resume scheduled flights between Addis Ababa Bole International Airport (ADD) in Addis Ababa and Durban's King Shaka International Airport (DUR) on 16 December 2015 after a 17 year hiatus. The airline will operate three flights per week on board a Boeing 737-800 aircraft between the two destinations. Ethiopian Airlines' operational schedule will allow same day connections to/from Europe.
South Africa: Mango to end flights between Cape Town <> Port Elizabeth!
South African low-cost carrier Mango will end its route between Cape Town International Airport (CPT) in Cape Town and Port Elizabeth International Airport (PLZ) in Port Elizabeth on 15 October 2015. The airline's aircraft will be redeployed to to maximize "competitive presence on higher-volume routes". Mango also announced it would be bulking up flights between OR Tambo International Airport (JNB) in Johannesburg and Port Elizabeth. Existing bookings will be re-accommodated on SA Express.
Fair Trade Tourism certifies the Townhouse Hotel in Cape Town!
Fair Trade Tourism (FTT), a South African NGO that encourages and monitors fair and responsible practises in tourism establishments and activities, recently added the Townhouse Hotel, situated in the heart of Cape Town, to the family of FTT-certified businesses. The four star hotel employs a multi-cultural and diverse team of 100 people. The Townhouse Hotel believes in responsible hoteling and has installed devices to help conserve energy and water as well as implementing waste recycling management practices. The hotel also supports local and ethical food suppliers, wherever possible. Off-site, the Townhouse Hotel donates a percentage of all conference delegate fees to greening projects such as tree-planting with Greenpop, and regularly arranges community-focused beach clean-ups with CleanC. Together with its sister hotels, Oude Werf Hotel and Vineyard Hotel, the Townhouse Hotel is a founder of Kids of the Cape Fund, a social investment initiative that supports nine children's charities spanning education, health, HIV/Aids and feeding schemes.
KwaZulu Natal: Beaumont Nature Reserve has been declared a protected area!
The Beaumont Nature Reserve in the Swartberg region of KwaZulu Natal has been declared a protected area. The reserve is 1050 ha in size and stretches into the upper catchment of the Umzimvubu River. It consists mostly of grasslands, steep slopes and rocky sections. The reserve provides foraging grounds to a number of endangered and endemic species such as Grey Crowned Crane, Cape Vulture, Drakensberg Rock Jumper, Secretary Bird and Southern Bald Ibis. With the majestic Drakensberg towering in the background, the Beaumont Nature Reserve presents a special opportunity to conserve watershed services that needs the mighty Umzimvubu River that sustains countless communities all the way through to Port St Johns in the Eastern Cape where the river eventually meets the ocean. The Beaumont Nature Reserve is the first of a number of privately owned properties in the region that will have protected area status bestowed upon them.
Zimbabwe: Fastjet to launch flights between Harare <> Victoria Falls!
Pan-African low-cost airline Fastjet has been granted an Air Operator Certificate (AOC) by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe, which allows the airline to operate both domestic and international routes within and from Zimbabwe. Fastjet (Zimbabwe), the second airline to Fastjet's network, is set to introduce flights between Harare International Airport (HRE) in Harare and Victoria Falls International Airport (VFA) in Victoria Falls on 28 October 2015. The airline will initially operate three flights per week between the two destinations. Fares start at $20 exclusive of taxes for a one way flight. Fastjet (Zimbabwe) becomes the second budget airline to operate in Zimbabwe after Fly Africa.
A total of 39 beaches in South Africa, along with 9 boats and 6 marinas have been awarded Full Blue Flag status by the 2015 International Blue Flag Jury. Another 30 beaches in South Africa have been awarded Pilot Blue Flag Site status. The jury results include 49 Blue Flag sites in the Western Cape, 19 sites in KwaZulu-Natal and 16 sites in the Eastern Cape. All of the sites that applied for Blue Flag status underwent a rigorous approval process involving both local and international assessments.
The Blue Flag is a certification issued by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) that a beach or marina meets its stringent standards. The main criterias include standards for water quality, safety, environmental education and information, the provision of services and general environmental management criteria. The Blue Flag is sought for beaches and marinas as an indication of their high environmental and quality standards.
Tanzania: Precision Air to re-introduce flights between Dar es Salaam <> Musoma!
Tanzanian airline Precision Air has with immediate effect re-introduced flights between Julius Nyerere International Airport (DAR) in Dar es Salaam and Musoma Airport (MUZ) in Musoma in Tanzania's Mara Region. The airline initially operates three flights per week on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays between the two destinations. Precision Air suspended flights to Musoma about two years ago due to poor conditions of the runway. Tanzania Airports Authority (TAA) has since then made improvements to the airport infrastructure, which made the airline come back to the airport. Musoma is located on the eastern edge of Lake Victoria, close to the International borders of Tanzania with Kenya and Uganda.
Flyafrica (Namibia) to launch flights between Windhoek <> Cape Town!
flyafrica.com (Namibia) is set to launch flights to its second destination in South Africa on 02 November 2015. The airline has announced that it will operate three flights per week on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays between Hosea Kutako International Airport (WDH) in Windhoek and Cape Town International Airport (CPT) in Cape Town.
flyafrica.com (Namibia) also announced that it will increase the number of flights between Windhoek and Lanseria International Airport (HLA) in Johannesburg to five fights per week on Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays and Sundays from 16 November 2015.
Videos: "The Love Cape Town Neighbourhood series"


Elements is a new and unique tool to help you in your relationship with God. The 10 lessons contained in this study will help you get off to a good start in your new relationship.
There is nothing that helps spiritual growth more than being properly "rooted in Christ". "Elements" is a new and unique ten week study that takes a new believer straight to the source, and helps a mature believer renew the patterns that keep them fresh and growing. This tool is global in perspective, since students will hear testimonies of young people from across the world. It is interactive, Biblical, and designed so that students can lead their friends.
The 10 lessons contained in this study will help you get off to a good start in your new relationship. It is specially designed for high school and university students. It can be used for small group meetings, one-to-one meetings and individual study. Since it focuses on the foundational elements of a relationship with God, you will learn the basics of what it means to have new life in Jesus Christ. We hope that Elements will give you the opportunity to get to know God personally, to experience his work in your life, and to learn truths that will transform you from the inside out.
The Elements project consists of 10 lessons for new or growing Christians focusing on the on the Elements of the faith or "Life in Christ." Each lesson is accompanied by 1 or 2 video stories about each theme from E. European Christian students. To read more background on Elements click here.
Along with each lesson are video interviews with young people from across Central and Eastern Europe (meet the cast). They will share their stories with you for your encouragement and inspiration. The video stories alone are amazing testimonies about how God has worked in the lives of students through prayer or God's word or evangelism for example. They are presented in a relevant, engaging and entertaining format.
Each lesson is available in 11 languages from Eastern and Central Europe and can be printed out separately from a PDF format (download lesson 1 in your language). Also included are a leaders guide and video stories for each lesson subtitled in the same 11 languages.