To understand how chordate nervous systems evolved and how they function. Currently, we are focusing on two main research questions.
We will use modern genetic, neurophysiological and imaging tools to study simple nervous systems starting with the larval form of the basal chordate Ciona intestinalis. Ciona intestinalis larva is an exciting model organism to study nervous system development and function for many reasons. A primary reason is that it has a chordate body plan and shares key homologies with vertebrates. Moreover, the larval nervous system is composed of roughly 330 cells and thus offers the tantalising opportunity to study a chordate nervous system at the single cell level.
We will begin with studying the mechanosensory and chemosensory behaviours of the freely moving larva. We hope to identify the key circuits and molecules that mediate these behaviours. To achieve this, we will use optogenetics, calcium imaging, quantitative behavioural analysis and reverse genetics.
These organisms have been successfully used to study conserved neuronal process such as sensory transduction, neuronal plasticity and excitability. However, they present only a small fraction of the total biological diversity. For example, we have a very detailed understanding of how ion channels in mice or worms work in neuronal signalling, but how their diversification underlies the ability of other animals to adapt to the physical environment remains largely unexplored. We plan to study the evolution of the molecular toolset (e.g. ion channels and receptors) and cell types that different marine organisms use in order to sense and respond to sensory cues. Our efforts will be greatly facilitated by the extensive expertise on comparative genomic and functional analysis of marine organisms available at the Sars Centre and the UoB.


text:
Q: Ubuntu 16, Mysql 2.7, and multiple instances through systemd I'm trying to set up multiples instances of MySQL following the Configuring Multiple MySQL Instances Using systemd section of this manual page.
It seems pretty straight forward. I edited mysql.cnf to look like this:
[mysqld@replica01]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql-replica01
socket=/var/lib/mysql-replica01/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/var/log/mysqld-replica01.log

[mysqld@replica02]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql-replica02
socket=/var/lib/mysql-replica02/mysql.sock
port=3308
log-error=/var/log/mysqld-replica02.log

I also created mysqld@replica01.service and mysqld@replica02.service files using copies of mysql.service and enabled both mysqld@replica01 and mysqld@replica02 via
systemctl enable mysqld@replica01

I can start either but they both start up with default settings (port 3306 for instance).
I assumed that MySQL would match the service name with the configuration group in mysql.cnf but that doesn't seem to be happening.
Has any one successfully configured multiple instances this way?

A: I'm having exactly the same problem, here. I've created the new service files but can't even get the services to start. Have you made any progress with this since you posted it?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hey there! We are ViXi and we make really beautiful and amazing Smart TV apps.
Today, March 13 2019, IAB Tech Lab's OpenRTB working group is releasing the final version of the app-ads.txt specification. App-ads.txt is an extension of the original ads.txt standard which provides a mechanism for content owners to declare their authorized digital sellers. Coinciding releases include a minor update to the main ads.txt specification and updated implementation guidelines (FAQ). The release of the final app-ads.txt will support one of the most anticipated industry initiatives, and usher in a rapid wave of adoption by app developers and programmatic media buyers.
The app-ads.txt specification saw no changes in the public comment as to the directions for app publishers. App publishers are still encouraged to follow this publisher advisory when posting their app-ads.txt files. As written, the app-ads.txt specification supports mobile app, OTT, or any other app inventory. The final version of app-ads.txt 1.0 specification signals that the beta period is over, and the working group now encourages app publishers, buyers and app stores to implement the guidelines, and remove misrepresented app inventory from programmatic supply chain. To implement now, view the final app-ads.txt specification v1.0.
Alongside this finalization, the OpenRTB working group has made a minor update to the ads.txt specification, in order to provide an improved method for publishers to declare that they have no authorized sellers on the programmatic open exchanges. In ads.txt v1.0.1 and prior, publishers can post an empty ads.txt file that contains no authorized seller entries. This will continue to be supported, but marked as to-be-deprecated. The update introduces a formal, backwards-compatible "placeholder" entry to indicate no authorized sellers in a publisher's ads.txt file. This minor update is reflected in the final ads.txt version 1.0.2 specification.
To support app-ads.txt adoption and a comprehensive support for ads.txt users, the working group will continue to provide updates to implementation guidelines available here. Check for guidelines for buyers, and partner interactions. Additionally, a reference implementation of app store HTML parsing and app-ads.txt developer URL canonicalization libraries can be found here. As the group learns other FAQ, we will continue to update this resource.
To learn more or get involved please reach out to openmedia@iabtechlab.com.
https://vixi.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/xiaomi-mi-box_1x.png 369 400 Sharon Malkiel https://vixi.tv/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/header-small-logo-green.png Sharon Malkiel2019-04-02 10:03:202019-04-02 10:04:55WHAT IS BUNDLE ID SPOOFING?
Is TV Buying Next In Line For Brand In-Housing?
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On Wednesday afternoon, TMZ reported that Khloé Kardashian was having early contractions and that her mom and sisters were on their way to Ohio to be with her. It's strange timing, since Tuesday afternoon's news cycle was largely made up of rumors that her boyfriend, NBA player Tristan Thompson, had allegedly cheated on her once in October and just this past weekend. Given the media attention around their relationship, it's fair to wonder whether Tristan Thompson is in Cleveland for Khloé Kardashian giving birth, right? Romper's requests for comment from both Thompson and Kardashian's teams regarding the cheating allegations were not immediately returned.
The family hasn't confirmed or addressed anything on their social media accounts, so it's not 100 percent that the family is actually on their way to the midwest for Khloé or that she's actually having contractions, as TMZ reported. She is, however, due this month, so the timing could certainly make sense. TMZ reported that Kris Jenner has already flown out from Los Angeles and that her sisters, Kim and Kourtney Kardashian, were planning on leaving this Thursday or Friday.
Earlier this week, Kim and Kourtney were posting selfies from vacation from Turks and Caicos, so it's unclear whether they're first flying home to Calabasas or if those pics were #latergrams. Radar Online posted paparazzi pics of Kourtney looking "livid" on Wednesday, so it looks like the Kardashian fam has been mobilized into crisis mode, whether it's for Khloé's contractions or relationship trouble. So what about Thompson?
Thompson is based in Cleveland, which is why Khloé moved out there for her third trimester. It was always the plan to have the baby out there, and Khloé previously revealed to Jimmy Kimmel that she expects Thompson to be with her in the delivery room when she goes into labor. The Cleveland Cavaliers, the team he plays for, has a home game on Wednesday, so if Khloé really is going into labor, he'll be in town.
Whether she or the family wants him there is a different story. In case you missed it, TMZ released a video that was taken in October of what allegedly looks like Thompson cheating on Khloé with two women in Washington D.C.. The video wasn't released at the time, but as Keeping Up With The Kontinuity Errors writer Mariah Smith noted on Twitter Tuesday, the video was allegedly taken just around the time that Khloé had left Cleveland to go film packages for Keeping Up With The Kardashians about her announcing her birth and setting up a home with her boyfriend. Rough, right?
It is entirely likely that TMZ held onto the original video at the request of the family, namely the almighty momager, Kris Jenner, and then released it after the Daily Mail went live with their own alleged cheating video. That means it's probable that Khloé knew about the October video, but not about this weekend. According to Jezebel, it's very common for tabloids to make deals with certain celebrities about releasing paparazzi photos or getting an approved timeline to do so.
Remember, Khloé also might have known about all of this alleged cheating and is perfectly fine with the state of her love life. We don't know the inner workings of her relationship with her boyfriend and father of her daughter.
But, if Khloé did know about the video from last fall, Kris might be flying to Cleveland to help her daughter deal with the media attention, support her daughter, and make sure Thompson knows his place if these rumors are true. Whether he heads to the hospital to be with Khloé for the birth of their daughter or attend a family public relations meeting, Tristan Thompson is definitely in Cleveland this week, though he's likely wishing he wasn't now that Kris is on her way.


text:
Kellyanne Conway isn't even trying to defend Donald Trump anymore. She's pretending he's someone else.
Aaron Blake
Senior political reporter, writing for The Fix
Update: In the latest example of this phenomenon, Conway told MSNBC on Wednesday that she doesn't "believe" there will be widespread voter fraud in the 2016 election and that, "absent overwhelming evidence that there is, it would not be for me to say that there is."
Trump, though, has spent the better portion of recent days making the case that a "rigged" election could be stolen from him and that massive voter fraud does exist. He tweeted this just Monday:
Trump's claim about "large scale voter fraud" simply doesn't jibe with Conway's comments. This is yet another example of Conway not really defending what Trump is saying at all. Below, we ran through more examples.
Donald Trump said at Sunday's debate that, if he were president, Hillary Clinton would "be in jail."
Afterward, Trump campaign manager Kellyanne Conway dismissed it as a "quip." And Wednesday evening on CNN, she argued that his words shouldn't be taken literally. Here's the crux of her argument:
BRIANNA KEILAR: He's talking about going around the democratic process. I mean, talking about jailing your political opponent is something that you . . .
CONWAY: No, he's not. He's talking about the result. No, he's not. You're taking it literally. And you're just stuck on this one thing.
The problem? Just hours prior, Trump had said again — flatly — that Clinton should "go to jail."
"She has to go to jail," he said Wednesday in Lakeland, Fla. "And her law firm, which is a very big and powerful law firm . . . those representatives within that law firm that did that have to go to jail."
Trump's comment at Sunday's debate could be seen as spur-of-the-moment and even ambiguous. Was he saying that if he had been president, his appointees would have been more focused on law and order and would have come down harder on her? Maybe.
His comments on Wednesday, though, are unambiguous. Trump isn't just calling for a special prosecutor; he's preordaining the result of that investigation and case against Clinton. What's more, his campaign has actually promoted the idea that Clinton should be in jail.
In other words, this wasn't a one-off comment by Trump; this is now a theme of his campaign. And yet there is Conway left to argue that he doesn't actually mean the words that are coming out of his mouth and that her campaign is promoting.
That's a really tough thing to do, as Conway's interviews this week show.
In a semi-painful interview on ABC's "Good Morning America" on Wednesday morning, George Stephanopoulos pressed her pretty hard:
STEPHANOPOULOS: But he's threatening to use the power of the presidency to put her in jail.
CONWAY: It wouldn't be up to him whether or not she goes to jail. That would have to be fully adjudicated through the regular channels, like it would be for anyone else." . . .
STEPANOPOULOS: But he's not calling for the regular channels; he's calling for a special prosecutor.
CONWAY: We'll have to see if he's elected president, if that makes any sense.
And here's the rest of her interview with CNN's Keilar, in which things got heated:
KEILAR: I'm talking about what your candidate is saying, which is more important than what you are saying about this. He is saying she has to go to jail. He's not talking about she has to stand and be judged. He's saying she has to go to jail.
CONWAY: And? In other words, what are you saying? You're saying that he had to stop and say and here's how you get to jail, here's the process? That's completely ridiculous.
KEILAR: Well, it shouldn't be. . .
CONWAY: (INAUDIBLE) the end result (INAUDIBLE)...
KEILAR: — I mean he's talking about a predetermined end result here.
CONWAY: No, he's talking about what a lot of Americans want to know, why the heck this woman wasn't punished at all and why news outlets like this one think that's okay.
But Conway is offering a false choice here. Trump isn't using "go to jail" as a shorthand for a complex legal process; he's using it to whip up his supporters and be provocative. And, in the process, he's clearly going further than his campaign manager is comfortable with.
The funny thing is, he doesn't need to do it. It's totally valid to argue that many Americans think Clinton got off easy. A Washington Post-ABC News poll in July showed that 56 percent disagreed with the FBI's decision not to recommend charges against her. This is fruitful territory for the Trump campaign.
But as with most things involving Trump, he insists upon taking it two steps further. He isn't just calling for a special prosecutor — a move that in and of itself would perhaps reek of politicizing the legal process after the FBI has already investigated — he's saying exactly what the conclusion of that process would be. His words are clear; he believes a process should be set up that would lead to Clinton being in jail.
And the only thing left for Conway to do is argue that Trump's words don't actually mean anything, which is a hell of a spot to be in for your top aide.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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STICK MAN is rated 4.9 out of 5 by 19.
Rated 5 out of 5 by citymum from Brilliant show! I took my four year old daughter to the show and it was absolutely super. Fantastic performance and really engaging for all ages! One of the best shows for young children in London!
Rated 5 out of 5 by Cell from My little one totally loves it This show goes down very well with my 5 year old, he enjoys all parts of the show, from the interactive sessions to the floss dance! Highly recommended.
Rated 4 out of 5 by W13 Mum from Fast moving take for little ones My little boy who's just short of four really enjoyed this show, his first bit of theatre. The show moved along at a good pace, and there was a panto feel to it. The chap playing the instruments was phenomenal! There were a fair few jokes thrown in for adults too.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Daydreamer86 from Best Show I really enjoyed this show and laugh a lot with my little one. I would definitely recommend!
Rated 5 out of 5 by natalieelisa from absolute gem from start to finish This was absolutely brilliant and the actors and actress where fantastic, charismatic and did the story of stick man proud.


text:
rabble blogs are the personal pages of some of Canada's most insightful progressive activists and commentators. All opinions belong to the writer; however, writers are expected to adhere to our guidelines. We welcome new bloggers -- contact us for details.
Is anyone seriously surprised Alberta's books might be in worse shape than we were told?
David J. Climenhaga
Can anyone honestly say they were surprised to hear yesterday from Premier Rachel Notley that the story told in Alberta's financial books may be turn out to be a bit scarier than the one former premier Jim Prentice and his Progressive Conservative government were telling us before the May 5 election?
I don't know about you, but my reaction was, "Oh, here we go again!"
It's almost a right of passage in Canada on those rare occasions when a conservative government of any of a number of right-wing stripes is toppled that it turns out what we've been advised about the state of the commonwealth's finances was mainly fiction, designed to make the outgoing government look more competent than reality.
After 44 years, it was probably inevitable that the state of Alberta's books would be somewhat direr than we'd been informed. The question, of course, is how much more dire?
"There's no question that as we get briefed we're starting to find the challenges are bigger than may have been featured in the Prentice campaign," said Notley yesterday in Calgary after Day 1 of her first cabinet meeting.
"Our plan is built off of their plan," she told reporters. "Now we're looking at the fact their plan was not as fulsome as Albertans may have expected." By "fulsome" -- technically, "complimentary," or "flattering" -- she presumably actually meant "completely honest."
Supporters of the former government -- if there are any left -- will try to spin the opposite story, that the Dippers are just trying to manage expectations down now that they've actually got to run the place. That was certainly the suggestion made by the Wildrose Party's finance critic, whose main credential for the job seems to be that he's a former agitator for the Canadian Taxpayers Federation, which specializes in press releases and membership sales.
Well, dire though the books may or may not be, our New Democratic Government definitely has the tools it needs to deal with the situation.
Specifically, the Notley Government unquestionably won a mandate to start fixing the problems left by generations of PCs. Indeed, it's just achieved that rarest of accomplishments, won an election while calling for changes to taxes and royalties that may include increases here and there.
The Government's challenge now is not to tarry, but to get on with it. The sense they might just do that surely accounts for the mood of optimism bordering jubilation that could be felt in this province over the past few days.
Ceci made it clear yesterday that a return to a fairer, more progressive tax system remains on the government's agenda -- although you can count on it there will be a full-blown campaign by all the usual well-heeled special interest groups to bully the government into reneging on its promise.
Let's remember one thing as we prepare for what's bound to come next. We're certain to hear lots of whining about how business confidence is undermined by uncertainty, and therefore we must continue to do things exactly the way the Getty-Klein-Stelmach-Redford-Hancock-Prentice Tories did them.
Well, businesses may hate uncertainty, but there's no evidence their hatred guides their behaviour.
The "Zombie Confidence Fairy," as Nobel Prize winning economist Paul Krugman famously described the notion is so oft repeated nowadays it's taken on the air of unassailable truth. We will hear it many times again in the next few days,
But as Krugman explains, "it's actually a highly dubious, mathematically implausible argument that receives no support at all from the data."
So don't panic! Steady as she goes. Let's actually fix this place.
He's baaaaaaack! Joe Anglin reemerges
Former Green Party leader and Wildrose MLA Joe Anglin reemerged yesterday with a letter to all of Alberta's editors designed to reestablish his credentials as Alberta's No. 1 political gadfly, as willing to shove a stick into the spokes of the NDP's bicycle as those of the former government or his former party.
Anglin, who was the MLA for Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre until he was skidded as the Wildrose nominee in a log-cabin coup that was apparently organized by his own constituency association's president, reminded Albertans it's now been 20 years since Ralph Klein's disastrous energy "deregulation" scheme was cooked up by the Tory brain trust.
"If there has been one constant in Alberta's experiment to deregulate electricity, it is that it hasn't worked very well," Anglin observed, recounting one estimate that the Klein scheme has cost Albertans as much as $32 billion.
"The NDP have a monumental task in front of them if they want to be successful at governing this province," he wrote. "Of all the priorities they need to confront… none will have more of an impact on the province's immediate economic well-being than addressing the massive electricity deregulation debacle. A stable reliable source of efficient low-cost electricity is paramount to both economic diversity and stability -- not to mention consumers would be pleased too."
For starters, Mr. Anglin suggests preventing the sale of all rural electric association utilities until the government has cobbled together a permanent solution to this aspect of Alberta's lingering Kleintastrophe.
This post also appears on David Climenhaga's blog, AlbertaPolitics.ca.
New Democratic Party
Rachel Notley
Ralph Klein
Canadian Taxpayers Federation
Progressive Conservative Party
electricity deregulation
Joe Anglin
Joe Ceci
Alberta Finances
Zombie Confidence Fairy
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Home›Medical›Oligomerix Appoints Medical Director William Erhardt, MD, to Board of Directors
Oligomerix Appoints Medical Director William Erhardt, MD, to Board of Directors
WHITE PLAINS, NY, – (COMMERCIAL THREAD) – Oligomerix, Inc., a private company pioneering the development of small molecule therapeutics targeting tau for rare neurodegenerative diseases and Alzheimer's disease, today announced the appointment of William Erhardt, MD, medical director of Oligomerix , to its board of directors.
"As Chief Medical Officer, Bill provided valuable insight into our oral small molecule tau self-association inhibitor program as we complete the candidate's preclinical testing by the end of the year," said Vic Micati, President of Oligomerix. "With Bill joining the company's board of directors, he will play a pivotal role in driving our clinical development program with our Phase 1 trial scheduled to begin early next year. "
With over 20 years of executive leadership experience in the biopharmaceutical industry, Dr Erhardt joined Oligomerix last year as Medical Director. Prior to joining Oligomerix, he was Senior Vice President, Head of Clinical Development & Operations at Pfizer, Inc., with responsibility for Pfizer's clinical development operations globally and leading a team of over 2 000 Pfizer researchers. During his long tenure at Pfizer, Bill was responsible for overseeing several clinical development and medical affairs units in several therapeutic areas, including the Pfizer Phase I units.
"There is a critical unmet need for new approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other rare neurodegenerative disorders," said Dr. Erhardt. "Given the recent approval of a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease, we are excited about the potential of our small molecule inhibitor targeting tau self-association and the possibility of offering patients a new therapeutic option. "
About the main Oligomérix program
Oligomerix's lead candidate is a small-molecule oral inhibitor of tau self-association that targets the onset of the tau aggregation cascade, a process considered important in the development of Alzheimer's disease and 'other neurodegenerative disorders. Our lead compound, OLX-07010, has been shown to be effective in several animal models of neurodegeneration and, upon completion of its preclinical program in the coming months, will begin phase 1 clinical studies in early 2022.
About Oligomérix, Inc.
Oligomerix is an emerging biotechnology company focused on the development of disease-modifying therapies for neurodegenerative diseases characterized by an aberrant tau protein ranging from rare tauopathies such as progressive supranuclear palsy and frontotemporal dementia to Alzheimer's disease.
With a focus on oral, small molecule tau self-association inhibitors, Oligomerix seeks to develop therapies for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias that are easy to administer and cost effective, and which should be successful. add significantly to new high-cost treatment options like the targeted monoclonal antibody against beta-amyloid which was recently approved by the US FDA.
Oligomerix is headquartered at the Westchester Park Center in White Plains, New York, and has laboratory facilities at the Ullmann Research Center for Health Sciences within the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Follow Oligomerix on Twitter and LinkedIn.
Oligomerix is looking for strategic partners to support the acceleration and advancement of these important programs. For more information about Oligomerix, please visit our new website at https://oligomerix.com/.
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As I reported last month, my wife recently left her job and my goal is to up my survey income to at least partly make up for the loss of her income. In late May, I got more focused on the surveys with the hope of increasing my monthly income by at least $200. There is a lag time of anywhere from a few days to 6 weeks between when I do a survey and when I get paid so I haven't fully seen the results of my efforts yet but it definitely made a difference.
For the month of June I earned $739 making it the second best month of the year. Not only that, but beginning the week of May 27, I also started tracking the surveys I do as I do them. For the past 4 weeks, I've done surveys that will pay me a total of $843. If things continue at that rate, July should be just fine. I would love to see my average for the remainder of the year be around $800/month as opposed to the $600/month I averaged for the first part of the year.
It's great that you have a source of income to compensate for the loss of your wife's income. Great job!
Hi DisneySteve! I just came across your blog during research for paid physician surveys. I'm an MD from the west coast (US), currently in a fellowship program (read: still on resident MD salary). The income from paid surveys would be a nice source of supplemental income! Would you mind listing some of the survey programs you use? Thanks in advance!


As we discussed in a recent blog, when the Internet of Things (IoT) meets solar power it enables efficient, effective energy consumption in the buildings where we live and work. The interconnection of devices that we use to facilitate our daily lives provides the opportunity to better understand and control our power use. Through networked capabilities and shared data, IoT solutions show us the future of holistic energy generation and implementation.
While integrated "smart" homes are becoming more accessible than ever before, many of us still don't fully understand what they look like in practice. Let's examine the possibilities that are created when solar power and IoT devices combine in our homes - making our lives easier, giving us greater control over our power consumption, and moderating energy use for greater efficiency and lower costs.
How is a smart home different than any other? By leveraging interconnected devices (the Internet of Things) to create a network that can communicate and gather data through a centralized controller. As a concept drawing produced by WISE Power shows, solar or other alternative energy sources can be connected to a battery storage system (which may also be grid-connected), which then powers an array of home appliances through a control unit.
This means that everything from lighting and computers to thermostats and sprinkler systems and even home security systems can all be controlled through a central hub. The controller is the primary IoT component, gathering data about power use and communicating between devices to ensure that a home isn't exceeding its capacity to provide the energy it needs. For homeowners, the controller makes it easy to direct various devices (including appliances) from their cell phone. Was the TV left on or the garage door left open? Just check your phone and make the fix from anywhere.
Putting greater control into the hands of homeowners is only one part of the smart home equation. Interconnected devices are able to share information about energy usage and provide accessible, actionable information that gives homeowners the ability to better moderate energy use. By automating parts of their smart home system, users can prioritize energy efficiency without walking through the house to check which appliances are running, or even being at home at all.
The most important achievement of a smart home system from an energy perspective is that these buildings are able to create energy efficiency at a level that was previously impossible. Because all or most major appliances can be networked and communicate their energy needs to a central hub, a smart home can prioritize vital systems and eliminate waste from devices that aren't currently needed or in use.
By enabling greater efficiency and effectiveness, smart home systems reduce a home's impact on the environment and also save homeowners money. While they are capable of creating savings in any region, they may be especially effective in areas where energy prices frequently fluctuate or consumers experience significant demand charges by enabling automated peak shaving protocols.
The costs of smart home systems and connected devices continue to fall, as do the up-front costs of solar-plus-storage systems, making this a great time to implement both for homeowners who are eager to start seeing savings on their energy bill.
Would you like to live in a smart home and experience the benefits they provide? To learn more about our solar-plus-storage solutions and smart home recommendations, contact us today!


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U.S. Tall Wood Building Prize Competition Winners Revealed
Tags: 475 West 18th, billion board feet, Binational Softwood Lumber Council, building innovation, building materials, building systems, building techniques, carbon storage, climate change, composite wood, composite wood technologies, conventional building materials, demonstration projects, development teams, fire resistant, forest communities, Framework, greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas emissions, home remodeling, mass timber, mass timber products, mass timber wood products, million board feet, new construction, New York, next-generation lumber, next-generation wood products, North American market, Oregon, Portland, private forest owners, recession, rural America, rural forest communities, safe application, Secretary Of Agriculture, Softwood Lumber Board, sustainable alternative, sustainable building, sustainable building material, tall wood, tall wood building, tall wood building competition, tall wood construction, tall wood demonstration projects, tall wood projects, Tom Vilsack, U.S. private forest owners, U.S. tall wood building, U.S. tall wood building competition, U.S. Tall Wood Building Prize Competition, U.S. wood building, U.S. wood products, U.S. wood products industry, winning proposals, wood building, wood building competition, wood building systems, wood construction, wood manufacturing, wood products industry, wood spans
U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack, in partnership with the Softwood Lumber Board and the Binational Softwood Lumber Council, recently announced the winners of the U.S. Tall Wood Building Prize Competition. The two winning development teams were granted a combined $3 million in funding to support the development of tall wood demonstration projects in New York and Portland, Oregon.
At a press conference hosted in New York this morning, Secretary Vilsack congratulated the competition winners. "The U.S. wood products industry is vitally important as it employs more than 547,000 people in manufacturing and forestry, with another 2.4 million jobs supported by U.S. private forest owners," said Vilsack. "By embracing the benefits of wood as a sustainable building material, these demonstration projects have the ability to help change the face of our communities, mitigate climate change and support jobs in rural America. I look forward to seeing how these two buildings help lead the way in furthering the industry."
Next-generation lumber and mass timber products are becoming the latest innovation in building. Innovative new technologies and building systems have enabled longer wood spans, taller walls, and higher buildings, and continue to expand the possibilities for wood use in construction. Mass timber wood products are flexible, strong, and fire resistant, and can be used as a safe and sustainable alternative to concrete, masonry, and steel. Using wood helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by storing carbon and simultaneously offsetting emissions from conventional building materials.
Wood can also help struggling rural forest communities. During the Recession, the drop in new construction and decline in home remodeling had a deep impact on wood manufacturing. However, if next-generation wood products can penetrate just five to fifteen percent of the non-residential North American market, it would mean roughly 0.8 – 2.4 billion board feet of lumber consumed annually. To put that in real-world context, roughly 35 jobs are created for each million board feet of wood processed.
The two winning proposals – Framework and 475 West 18th – were selected by a panel of distinguished jurors in the architecture and engineering fields who are familiar with innovative wood building systems. While each took a unique approach, both projects met the Competition's criteria to showcase the safe application, practicality and sustainability of a minimum 80-foot structure that uses mass timber, composite wood technologies and innovative building techniques.
From the USDA: http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentidonly=true&contentid=2015/09/0259.xml
← Weak Demand Slows Production At Southern U.S. Interfor Mills
Montana's Pyramid Mountain Lumber Awarded Bitterroot Timber Sale →
OSU Receives $6 Million Pledge From Sierra Pacific Industries
Beck Group, Forest2Market Announce Sawmill TQ Service For Southern Sawmills
Baillie Lumber Acquires American Hardwood Industries
Canfor Making $8 Million Capital Investment In B.C Sawmill
West Fraser Announces $33 Million Capital Investment In South Carolina


The first tastes of the Black Lips' "Arabia Mountain' couldn't be more different.
Last month they released a video for "Go Out and Get It," a clip as sunny and funny as its Monkees-on-Banana Splits ear candy. The video was filmed on the Bruise Cruise, where about 400 fans boarded a ship off the coast of Florida, and the Lips played with eight other acts, including Vivian Girls, Ty Segall, Thee Oh Sees and Quintron and Miss Pussycat. After you watch the clip you may wonder what really happened to that cool-looking bass guitar.
"It's down under with Poseidon right now," says singer and guitarist Cole Alexander.
And last week the Black Lips released a video for "Modern Art," a dark and freaky piece of psychedelia that's a real trip, literally. Check it out below.
"We took Special K at the Dali Museum in Spain," Alexander shares about the latter song. His polite tone and raspy Georgia accent are rife with an innocence that one wouldn't immediately associate with combining modern art and horse tranquilizers.
So what happens when you're under such a spell like and looking at art that already feels surreal?
What may be more unique about the single for "Modern Art," is that it is the first the world has heard of the Black Lips' collaboration with super producer Mark Ronson, who made his name making Amy Winehouse's name. Ronson produced nine of the 16 tracks on "Arabia Montain," which comes out in June. Alexander says Ronson didn't tinker too much with the Lips' classic flower punk sound.
You may have read that the Black Lips have toned down their unpredictable live shows.
So, in other words you may or may not get peed on. No refunds!
To listen to Cole Alexander ask Kurt Vile a question, download the latest edition of the Metro Monthly Music Podcast by clicking right here!


So exactly what is involved?
By talking to our clients, we can establish their short and long term financial and personal objectives, including their attitude to risk.
We analyse their current investments, pensions, overall assets and income/spending patterns in order to ultimately create a financial strategy that encompasses all their needs and is geared towards achieving their goals.


text:
What positively correlated mean?
Asked by: Mr. Dante Stehr DVM
The term correlation is used to define the relationship between variables. In statistics, a positive correlation shows that changes in one variable will relate to the same type of changes in a second variable.
What does positive correlation mean example?
A positive correlation exists when two variables move in the same direction as one another. A basic example of positive correlation is height and weight—taller people tend to be heavier, and vice versa.
What does being correlated mean?
noun. a mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things. the act or process of correlating or the state of being correlated. statistics the extent of correspondence between the ordering of two variables.
What is difference between positive and negative correlation?
The sign—positive or negative—of the correlation coefficient indicates the direction of the relationship (Figure 1). A positive correlation means that the variables move in the same direction. ... A negative correlation means that the variables move in opposite directions.
What does a correlated relationship mean?
A correlation is a measure or degree of relationship between two variables. ... As one set of values increases the other set tends to increase then it is called a positive correlation. As one set of values increases the other set tends to decrease then it is called a negative correlation.
Positive and Negative Correlation
What does positive correlation mean in psychology?
A positive correlation is a relationship between two variables in which both variables move in the same direction. Therefore, when one variable increases as the other variable increases, or one variable decreases while the other decreases.
What does a weak positive correlation mean?
A weak positive correlation would indicate that while both variables tend to go up in response to one another, the relationship is not very strong. A strong negative correlation, on the other hand, would indicate a strong connection between the two variables, but that one goes up whenever the other one goes down.
How do you interpret a positive correlation?
What Is Positive Correlation?
Positive correlation is a relationship between two variables in which both variables move in tandem—that is, in the same direction.
A positive correlation exists when one variable decreases as the other variable decreases, or one variable increases while the other increases.
What does inversely correlated mean?
An inverse correlation, also known as negative correlation, is a contrary relationship between two variables such that when the value of one variable is high then the value of the other variable is probably low.
What is a strong negative correlation?
The strength of a correlation relationship is quantified by its correlation coefficient, the strongest possible being "perfectly" correlated. ... In general, -1.0 to -0.70 suggests a strong negative correlation, -0.50 a moderate negative relationship, and -0.30 a weak correlation.
What does correlate mean in medical terms?
[ko″ĕ-fish´ent] 1. an expression of the change or effect produced by the variation in certain variables, or of the ratio between two different quantities.
What is a positive association in statistics?
Two variables have a positive association when the values of one variable tend to increase as the values of the other variable increase. • Two variables have a negative association when the values of one variable tend to decrease as the values of the other variable increase.
What does correlate mean in biology?
Biology Glossary search by EverythingBio.com. Used to describe the observed relationship between instances of two events. A systematic pattern can be seen in the occurrences of events that are correlated. When the events involve numbers, a positive correlation means that as one increases, the other increases as well.
Which is the best example of a positive correlation?
Common Examples of Positive Correlations. The more time you spend running on a treadmill, the more calories you will burn. Taller people have larger shoe sizes and shorter people have smaller shoe sizes. The longer your hair grows, the more shampoo you will need.
How do you interpret correlation results?
If both variables tend to increase or decrease together, the coefficient is positive, and the line that represents the correlation slopes upward. If one variable tends to increase as the other decreases, the coefficient is negative, and the line that represents the correlation slopes downward.
What is an example of a perfect correlation?
Perfect correlation can also be -1. An example would be your car's fuel efficiency and how much money you need to spend for gas per so many miles. It should look like this: Most things have a correlation of 0 (or close to it).
What does directly correlated mean?
direct correlation Add to list Share. Definitions of direct correlation. a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated with large values of the other and small with small; the correlation coefficient is between 0 and +1. synonyms: positive correlation.
What is a positive relationship in a graph?
Positive or negative relationship
If the points cluster around a line that runs from the lower left to upper right of the graph area, then the relationship between the two variables is said to be positive or direct (Chart 5.6.
What is a positive and negative relationship in math?
The word Correlation is made of Co- (meaning "together"), and Relation. Correlation is Positive when the values increase together, and. Correlation is Negative when one value decreases as the other increases.
What does moderate positive correlation mean?
Values between 0.3 and 0.7 (-0.3 and -0.7) indicate a moderate positive (negative) linear relationship via a fuzzy-firm linear rule. Values between 0.7 and 1.0 (-0.7 and -1.0) indicate a strong positive (negative) linear relationship via a firm linear rule.
How do you know if a correlation coefficient is significant?
Compare r to the appropriate critical value in the table. If r is not between the positive and negative critical values, then the correlation coefficient is significant. If r is significant, then you may want to use the line for prediction. Suppose you computed r=0.801 using n=10 data points.
What does a high correlation mean?
Updated July 15, 2019. Correlation is a term that refers to the strength of a relationship between two variables where a strong, or high, correlation means that two or more variables have a strong relationship with each other while a weak or low correlation means that the variables are hardly related.
Is 0.7 A strong correlation?
The relationship between two variables is generally considered strong when their r value is larger than 0.7. The correlation r measures the strength of the linear relationship between two quantitative variables.
Is 0.9 a weak positive correlation?
The magnitude of the correlation coefficient indicates the strength of the association. For example, a correlation of r = 0.9 suggests a strong, positive association between two variables, whereas a correlation of r = -0.2 suggest a weak, negative association.
Correlation Coefficient = 0.8: A fairly strong positive relationship. Correlation Coefficient = 0.6: A moderate positive relationship.
23Which positively charged particles?
16What is sensory underload?
31In adults what temperature is considered a fever?
39Is a non disparagement clause legal?
42By quite a way?
31Is houghton's pond open?
41Is tao a scrabble word?
18Who is mattias in frozen 2?
29What's benjamin button disease?
32Are inman aligners removable?
29Where is the monetization tab on youtube?


text:
Q: Bootstrap 3 - General structure template I have the next template:

      <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
        Toggle navigation

      </button>
      Project name

Home

About

Contact

All right.
But if i add a image in layer with id="layer1":

The height of layers with id="layer1" and  id="layer2", must be equal that the image height.
I see it like this:

and should be see it like this:

This is the css code:
html,
body {
  height: 100%;
  /* The html and body elements cannot have any padding or margin. */
}

If i hide the image, and add other html elements, the problem is the same:

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dddd

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gggg

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How could do it?, thanks

A: This is happening because you have made the height of the image 1000px with the following line

Change it to 100% and your problem should be solved


text:
Q: Using the `br` tag in an HTML webpage Here is a summary from http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_br.asp for the
 tag:

*

*The
 tag inserts a single line break.

*The
 tag is an empty tag which means that it has no end tag.

*In HTML, the
 tag has no end tag.

*In XHTML, the
 tag must be properly closed, like this:
.

So can I safely use
 in a webpage (or any other HTML snippet) without closing it?
And if I'm advised to close it, then is this the correct way:

 (with nothing in between)?

A: Since
 is a void tag (meaning it cannot wrap any content inside), you can either use it as
 or
 (the trailing / will be ignored), but

 is invalid.
If you want your markup to be valid XML, then use
, but that is irrelevant for a HTML parser.
This, according to the (latest) HTML5 specs, section elements.

A: It doesn't matter if you use
 or
 in the newer versions of HTML, but it is recommended to close all the HTML tags, using
 (and not

). The same is tru for
,  etc.

A: For older HTML yes, for modern, like 4 or 5 is has become a standard to close all tags.  There may come a day when they will just not work anymore.  Other words, todays HTML is strict like XHTML.

A: It is safe and works but it is not something generally recommended.
HTML5 doesn't care if you close it or not, it should work everywhere well, but I always prefer to use the valid structure that conforms to XML standards.


text:
LulzSec and Anonymous police and FBI investigation sees two more arrested
LulzSec, which uses this logo, and Anonymous are being investigated by UK police and the FBI over claims the online groups hacked websites.
Two men have been arrested in connection with online attacks by hacking gangs Anonymous and LulzSec, Scotland Yard said.
The men, aged 24 and 20, were arrested on Thursday in Mexborough, near Doncaster, South Yorkshire, and Warminster, Wiltshire, for conspiring to commit offences under the Computer Misuse Act 1990.
Scotland Yard said the arrests were part of a continuing investigation in collaboration with the FBI, South Yorkshire Police and other law enforcement bodies, into activities of Anonymous and LulzSec, especially in connection with suspected offences under the cover of online identity "Kayla".
A spokesman said the men were arrested separately. He said the Doncaster address was searched by police and computer equipment was removed for forensic examination.
Detective Inspector Mark Raymond from the Metropolitan Police's Central e-Crime Unit (PCeU), said: "The arrests relate to our inquiries into a series of serious computer intrusions and online denial-of-service attacks recently suffered by a number of multi-national companies, public institutions and gPressovernment and law enforcement agencies in Great Britain and the US.
"We are working to detect and bring before the courts those responsible for these offences, to disrupt such groups, and to deter others thinking of participating in this type of criminal activity."
In a separate investigation two men were charged on Thursday over online attacks by Anonymous, Scotland Yard said.
Christopher Weatherhead, 20, from Northampton, and Ashley Rhodes, 26, from Kennington, south London, have been charged with conspiracy to carry out an unauthorised act in relation to a computer.
Police had already charged a youth from Chester aged 17 and student Peter David Gibson, 22, from Hartlepool, in relation to the same offences.
All four will appear on bail at City of Westminster Magistrates Court on September 7.
Label: Anonymous, Apa Saja, Attack, FBI, Hacking, Info, LulzSec, Security, web-security


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Historical Events & Eras
Missile boats during the cold war
nastle
During the later Half of the cold war let's say starting from 1975 a plethora of missile armed boats appeared in the inventory of most countries around the world
most of them carried 4 to 6 SSM or AShM
And 1 × 75 mm gun + some light AA guns
and some short range SAM or MANPADS
Clearly they were potent ASUW platforms with the same firepower as let's say a French navy or Royal navy frigate but how vulnerable were they to PGM /LGB armed or dumb weapons armed strike fighters [ like su17, mig27] ?
can 5 such strike fighters sink one of these boats assuming no fighter opponents? As their AAW capability seems anemic
Herman Hum
I don't think that the missile boats had much to fear from aircraft armed with LGBs or PGM of that era. The LGBs were used against stationary targets, where the laser designator could more easily remain fixated. Trying to keep the laser pointer aimed at a fast-moving/manoeuvring ship would likely be an act of futility, as only a direct hit (or very, very near miss) would likely inflict damage on the target.
PGMs like the AGM-12 Bullpup were still guided by the operator. Trying to hit a high-speed evasive target while watching through a TV viewer would probably be difficult in the extreme.
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Originally posted by Herman Hum View Post
so were they vulnerable to unguided rockets and bombs ?
given the bombload of an average strike fighter in the 70s -80s was approx 2000kg with decent range
Actually, small missile boats like the Osa class missile boat, are nearly worthless.
They're a modern version of the PT / MTB boats of WW 2.
The reason they're nearly worthless is they can't fight in open ocean very well, if at all limiting them to coastal regions. They lack the sensors and communications links that allow integration into larger unit operations and targeting data from outside platforms. For the most part, they're limited to their own sensors which means they have a limited engagement range. At the same time, they're highly vulnerable to opposing ships and particularly aircraft that can engage them almost with impunity as they have next to no defensive systems aboard.
Aircraft don't need PGM's particularly to take them out. An aircraft could simply engage them with cannon and unguided rockets at short range and that'd be all she wrote. The missile boat's fire controls wouldn't be up to the job of accurately engaging a fast attack plane, and with them limited to maybe one 3" / 76mm cannon and a self-defense 20mm or two, they stand next to zero chance of successfully engaging and shooting down the plane-- assuming they even detect it before it's all over them like stink on...
It wouldn't help the missile boat to be operating near shore. That would just give the aircraft a better chance of surprise.
I think the small, unguided missiles could have done great damage. The problem is when the boat went high speed and changed course. In a constricted area, the aircraft would have more fun.
I agree with Pruitt. The unguided rockets would be more effective since they were an area saturation weapon and just a couple of hits could be devastating to the unarmoured little vessels. As well, rockets are high velocity weapons with little time delay from ignition to impact. Free fall ordnance had to cover the altitude and distance to the target, which takes time and allows the target to manoeuvre. Also, strafing attacks could be deadly, since the pilot can 'walk' the fire into the target before it could evade the stream.
SO why did the missile boats proliferate so rapidly in the late 70s esp in the middle east and south east asia ?
Clearly they have SIGNIFICANT drawbacks [ both western and soviet ones] as outlined above
I see why they are useful as coastal defence force as unless your opponent is USN or RN you are out of reach of their land based aircraft or can shoo them away with your airforce
OttoHarkaman
The world's first naval battles between missile-armed warships occurred between Israeli Sa'ar 3-class and Sa'ar 4-class missile boats (using indigenously-developed Gabriel missiles), and Syrian Komar- and Osa-class missile boats during the October 1973 Yom Kippur War. The first of these engagements became known as the Battle of Latakia. During this and later battles, some fifty Gabriels and a similar number of Styx missiles were fired; seven Syrian ships were sunk, with zero Israeli losses.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missile_boat
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The Boats of Cherbourg: The Navy That Stole Its Own Boats and Revolutionized Naval Warfare by Abraham Rabinovich
On Christmas eve 1969, five small boats slipped out of Cherbourg harbor after midnight into the teeth of a Force Nine gale that sent large freighters scurrying for cover. The boats, ordered by Israel from a local shipyard, had been embargoed for more than a year by French President Charles de Gaulle. In a brazen caper, the Israelis were now running off with them. As the boats raced for home and Paris fumed, the world media chortled at Israel's hutspa. But the story was far bigger than they knew.
Eight years before, the commander of the Israeli navy had assembled senior officers for a brainstorming session. The navy faced downgrading to a coast guard unless it could reconstitute itself as a fighting force on a starvation budget. What to do? A desperate proposal emerged from the two-day meeting.
Israel's fledgling military industries had developed a crude missile which was rejected by both the army and air force. The navy would now try adapting it. If placed on small patrol boats, the missiles, with their large warheads, could give these cheap vessels the punch of a heavy cruiser.
Over the next decade, engineers working virtually round-the-clock developed the first missile boats in the West. Of a dozen boat platforms ordered in Cherbourg seven sailed before the embargo. The five that escaped completed the flotilla. But the Soviets had meanwhile also developed missile boats which they distributed to their Arab allies. Their powerful and accurate missiles had twice the range of Israel's. To secure Israel's sea lanes, the navy devised electronic countermeasures that would hopefully divert the enemy missiles.
On the first night of the Yom Kippur War, an Israeli squadron engaged three Syrian missile boats in the first ever missile-to-missile battle at sea. The Syrian boats fired first but all three were sunk. Two nights later, three Egyptian missile boats were sunk. The electronic umbrella had worked and no Israeli boat was hit. A new naval age had dawned.
Last edited by OttoHarkaman; 10 Jan 20, 15:29.
Analysis : Are Missile Boats Still Relevant in Modern Warfare?
https://defencyclopedia.com/2016/11/...odern-warfare/
The term 'missile boat' may be dying, but the missile boat itself has a bright future.
Many countries around the world are fielding increasingly more capable and modern designs, and designating them as 'corvettes', instead of missile boats.
These corvettes possess enormous firepower relative to their size and are cost effective.
The usage of missile corvettes worldwide is seeing an upward trend, and this is only expected to increase in the future.
The advent of smaller, longer ranged and more lethal missiles will only increase the demand for missile corvettes with many navies.
The 150-500 ton range missile corvettes still reign supreme in confined waters as they can inflict massive damage.
The larger missile corvettes are slowly taking over the role of light frigates. They will dominate the littoral and semi-blue water battlespace.
It's a crying shame that the Pegasus class hydrofoil boats never took off, originally they had hoped to build up to 100.
"In modern war... you will die like a dog for no good reason."
Ernest Hemingway.
In english "silence" means yelling louder than everyone else.
Originally posted by OttoHarkaman View Post
I dont see how this is relevant here
Battle between missile boats is a totally separate issue
Maybe you can please post something about strike planes vs missile boats
johns624
Originally posted by Achtung Baby View Post
They didn't have enough lift...
I've also read that the FAC weren't anywhere near as formidable as their armament suggests, due to the fact that they were unstable platforms.
Are they able to use AshM to their max range back in the 80s ?
due to their smaller masts and limit their onboard radarss?
Originally posted by nastle View Post
The clearest evidence is from the Falklands war. Yes, the Argentines weren't attacking small fast attack boats but mostly regular naval vessels... and relatively successfully. If you take that and put the same planes up against small missile boats with totally inadequate air defenses, you get that they'd be obliterated in short order.
Even against anti-ship missiles they'd be helpless. A small missile boat lacks any electronic countermeasures, and lacks even the basic sensor systems to detect an attack being made against them using a missile. Using smaller ASM's like penguin, helicopters or aircraft could easily whack a small missile boat from standoff ranges.


Due to Hurricane Irma's approach, FUELSnews Daily will only include Today's Market Trend. We will send out a Storm Alert later today.
Crude prices are flat this morning, after trading sideways yesterday. Crude prices began yesterday at $49.14, and ended the day at $49.09. This morning, they've slipped to $49.06. With markets focused on Hurricane Irma's impact on Florida, trading volume has been light.
Refined products saw a bit more activity yesterday. Diesel prices rose 3 cents (1.8%) yesterday, continuing the upward price trend. Diesel prices are currently $1.7937, up another 76 points from yesterday. Gasoline slipped a penny lower, down to $1.6610 at close yesterday. Gasoline prices today are mostly flat at $1.6662, half a cent higher than yesterday.
The dollar has been trading sharply lower this week as traders feared Harvey and Irma's impact on the economy. The storms' destruction has made the odds of a December Fed interest rate hike vanish. The falling dollar has helped give oil prices support, preventing a decline there as well.
The EIA produced their inventory data yesterday, which as expected showed the effects of Harvey. With refineries offline and consuming less crude, crude stocks saw a 4.6 million barrel (MMbbls) build, while refined products were both drawn down. Refinery utilization fell below 80% as a significant portion of U.S. refining capacity fell offline. Overall, the report revealed no new news, and markets mostly ignored the results.
Hurricane Irma has shifted west, and many forecasters are now expecting the storm to travel directly over Florida and continue into Georgia. This path means that the strongest winds, which occur at the north and northeast parts of the storm, will pass firmly over Miami, bringing catastrophic damage to the city.


This very variant and appealing type of cauliflower perfectly demonstrates the natural state of fractal patterns. The pattern of the romanesco broccoli is a naturally occurring representation of the special Fibonacci spiral that is also known as the golden spiral and is a logarithmic spiral in which every quarter turn becomes further from its origin by a factor of phi, which is known as the golden ratio.
The salt flats of San Francisco Bay have been used for more than a century for commercial salt production. This commercial salt can be found in the homes of millions of people all around the world, few of which would ever guess that it is created by one of the most impressive natural fractal patterns. The world's largest salt flat is Salar de Uyuni in the south of Bolivia and the encrusted salt on the enormous flat plane demonstrates a pattern that despite being completely random is remarkably consistent, which is one of the main characteristics of fractal patterns.
Ammonites have been extinct for more tha n sixty-five million years and were special marine cephalopods that created stunning chambered spiral shells. The walls that can be found between these chambers, which are called sutures, were comprised of extremely complex fractal curves and this is the oldest known type of fractal pattern in the world.


text:
Trading system of harappan civilization
Trading system of harappan civilization # onasylec.gq
As the people of the Indus valley had harnessed the power of irrigation systems and water supply, it allowed the people to provide for themselves and others in a stationary manner and produce crops at a mass extent, allowing them to neglect their old nomadic ways. This is why agriculture was so important to the people of the Indus valley. Was the trade relationship between the Harappans and the Mesopotamians a direct one? Terracotta sealing from a unicorn seal, Mohenjo-daro. Or were there any mediators in Iran (which had a civilization in ancient periods which was located in the southwestern part of fertile cresent region)? Trading System Of Harappan Civilization! Trade and Exchange The decline of the major urban centers and the fragmentation of the Indus culture can be attributed in part to changing river systems that Jul This pdf ebook is one of digital edition of Tradings Systems. That Work Building And Evaluating Effective Trading Systems Mcgraw Hill Traders.
Incentive stock options private company Trading system of harappan civilization It flourished in the basins of the Indus Riverwhich flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial, mostly monsoon-fed, rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.
At its peak, trading system of harappan civilization, the Indus Civilisation may have had a population trading system of harappan civilization over five million.
The Indus cities are noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large non-residential buildings. The Indus Valley Civilisation is also known as the Harappan Civilisationafter Harappathe first of its sites to be excavated in the s, trading system of harappan civilization, in what was then the Punjab province of British Indiaand now is Pakistan.
Of these, the earlier is often called the Early Harappan culture, while the later one may be referred to as the Late Harappan, both of which harappan in the same area as the Mature Harappan Civilisation.
The early Harappan cultures were preceded by local Neolithic agricultural villages, from where the river plains were populated. The Harappan language is not directly attested and its affiliation is uncertain since the Indus script is still undeciphered. A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language family is favoured by a section of scholars, trading system of harappan civilization. Recently, Indus sites have been discovered in Pakistan's northwestern Frontier Province as trading system of harappan civilization. Other IVC colonies can be found in Afghanistan while smaller isolated colonies can be found as far away as Turkmenistan and in Maharashtra.
Many Indus Valley sites have been discovered along the Ghaggar-Hakra beds. RuparRakhigarhiSothiKalibanganand Ganwariwala.
According to some archaeologists, more than Harappan sites have been discovered along the dried up river beds of the Ghaggar-Hakra River and trading system of harappan civilization tributaries, [32] in contrast to only about along the Indus and its tributaries; [33] consequently, in their opinion, the appellation Indus Ghaggar-Hakra civilisation or Indus-Saraswati civilisation is justified. However, these arguments are disputed by other archaeologists who state that the Ghaggar-Hakra desert area has been left untouched by settlements and agriculture since the end of the Indus period and hence shows more sites than those found in the alluvium of the Indus valley; second, that the number of Harappan sites along the Ghaggar-Hakra river beds has been exaggerated.
The ruins of Harappa were described in by Charles Masson in his Narrative of Various Journeys in BalochistanAfghanistan, and the Punjab system, where locals talked of an ancient city extending "thirteen cosses " about 25 miles or 41 km. InAlexander Cunninghamlater director-general of the archaeological survey of northern India, visited Harappa where the British engineers John and William Brunton were laying the East Indian Railway Company line connecting the cities of Karachi and Lahore.
John wrote, "I was much exercised in my mind how we were to get ballast for the line of the railway". They were civilization of an ancient ruined city near the lines, called Brahminabad. Visiting the city, trading system of harappan civilization, he found it full of hard well-burnt bricks, and, "convinced that there was a grand quarry for the ballast I wanted", the city of Brahminabad was reduced to ballast.
In —75, Cunningham published the first Harappan seal with an erroneous identification as Brahmi letters. Mackayand Marshall, trading system of harappan civilization.
Following independence, the bulk of the archaeological finds were inherited by Pakistan where most of the IVC was based, and excavations from this time include those led by Wheeler inarchaeological adviser to the Government of Pakistan. Outposts of the Indus Valley civilisation were excavated as far west as Sutkagan Dor in Pakistani Balochistan system, as far north as at Shortugai on the Amu Darya the river's ancient name was Oxus in current Afghanistan civilization, as far east as at AlamgirpurUttar Pradesh, India and as far south as at Malwanin modern-day SuratGujarat, India.
Inheavy floods hit Haryana in India and damaged the archaeological site of Jognakherawhere ancient copper smelting furnaces were found dating back almost 5, years. The Indus Valley Civilisation site was hit by almost 10 feet of water as the Sutlej Yamuna link canal overflowed. The cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation had "social hierarchies, their writing system, their large planned cities and their long-distance trade [which] mark them to archaeologists as a full-fledged 'civilisation.
With the inclusion of the predecessor and successor cultures — Early Harappan and Late Harappan, respectively — the entire Indus Valley Civilisation may be taken to have lasted from the 33rd to the 14th centuries BCE.
It is part of the Indus Valley Tradition, which also includes the pre-Harappan occupation of Mehrgarh, the earliest farming site of the Indus Valley.
Several periodisations are employed for the periodisation of the IVC. Mehrgarh was influenced by the Near Eastern Neolithic, [60] with similarities between "domesticated wheat varieties, early phases of farming, pottery, other archaeological artefacts, some domesticated plants and herd animals.
Lukacs and Hemphill suggest an initial local development of Mehrgarh, with a continuity in system development but a change in population. According to Lukacs and Hemphill, while there is a strong continuity between the neolithic and chalcolithic Copper Age cultures of Mehrgarh, dental evidence shows that the chalcolithic population did not descend from the neolithic population of Mehrgarh, [64] which "suggests moderate levels of gene flow.
The earliest examples of the Indus script date to the 3rd millennium BCE. The mature phase of earlier village cultures is represented by Rehman Dheri and Amri in Pakistan.
Another town of this stage was found at Kalibangan in India on the Hakra River. Trade networks linked this culture with related regional cultures and distant sources of raw materials, including lapis lazuli and other materials for bead-making.
By this time, villagers had domesticated numerous crops, including peassesame seedsdatesand cotton, as well as animals, including the water buffalo. Early Harappan communities turned to large urban centres by BCE, from where the mature Harappan phase started.
The latest research trading that Indus Valley people migrated from villages to cities. According to Giosan et al. Flood-supported farming led to large agricultural surpluses, which in turn supported the development of cities. The IVC residents did not develop irrigation capabilities, relying mainly on the seasonal monsoons leading to summer floods. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture is evident in the Indus Valley Civilisation making them the first urban centre in the region.
The quality of municipal town planning suggests the knowledge of urban planning and efficient municipal governments which placed a high priority on hygieneor, alternatively, accessibility to the means of religious ritual. As seen in Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro and the recently partially excavated Rakhigarhithis urban plan included the world's first known urban sanitation systems: Within the city, individual homes or groups of homes obtained water from wells.
From a room that appears to have been set aside for bathing, waste water was directed to covered drains, which lined the major streets.
Houses opened only to inner courtyards trading system of harappan civilization smaller lanes. The house-building in some villages in the region still resembles in some respects the house-building of the Harappans. The ancient Indus systems of sewerage and drainage that were developed and used in cities throughout the Indus region were far more advanced than any found in contemporary urban sites in the Middle East and even more efficient trading system of harappan civilization those in many areas of Pakistan and India trading system of harappan civilization. The advanced architecture of the Harappans is shown by their impressive dockyards, granarieswarehouses, brick platforms, and protective walls.
The massive walls of Indus cities most likely protected the Harappans from floods and may have dissuaded military conflicts.
The purpose of the citadel remains debated. In sharp contrast to this civilisation's contemporaries, Mesopotamia and ancient Egyptno large monumental structures were built, trading system of harappan civilization.
There is no conclusive evidence of palaces or temples—or of kings, armies, trading priests. Some structures are thought to have been granaries.
Found at one city is an enormous well-built bath the " Great Bath "which may have been a public bath. Although the citadels were walled, it is far from clear that these structures were defensive. They may have been built to divert flood waters.
Most city dwellers appear to have been traders civilization artisans, who lived with others pursuing the same occupation in well-defined neighbourhoods. Materials from distant regions were used in the cities for constructing seals, beads and other objects, trading system of harappan civilization.
Steatite seals have images of animals, people perhaps godsand other types of inscriptions, including the yet un-deciphered writing system of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
Some harappan the seals were used to stamp clay on trade goods and most probably had other uses as well, trading system of harappan civilization. Although some houses were larger than others, Indus Civilisation cities were remarkable for their apparent, if relative, egalitarianism. All the houses had access to water and drainage facilities. This gives the impression of a society with relatively low wealth concentrationthough clear social levelling is seen in personal adornments. Toilets that used water were used in the Indus Valley Civilisation.
The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro had a flush toilet in almost every house, attached to a sophisticated sewage system. System records provide no immediate answers for a centre of power or for depictions of people in power in Harappan society.
But, there are indications of trading system of harappan civilization decisions being taken and implemented. For instance, the majority trading system of harappan civilization the cities were constructed in a highly uniform and well-planned grid pattern, suggesting they were planned by a central authority; extraordinary uniformity of Harappan artefacts as evident in pottery, seals, weights and bricks; presence of public facilities and monumental architecture; heterogeneity in the mortuary symbolism and in grave goods items included in burials.
These are the major theories: The people of the Indus Civilisation achieved great accuracy in measuring length, trading system of harappan civilization, mass, and time. They were among the first to develop a system of uniform weights and measures.
A comparison of available objects indicates large scale variation across the Indus territories. Their smallest division, which is marked on an ivory scale found in Lothal in Gujarat, was approximately 1. Harappan engineers followed the trading system of harappan civilization division of measurement for all practical purposes, including the measurement of mass as revealed by their hexahedron weights.
These chert weights were in a ratio of 5: However, as in other cultures, actual weights were not uniform throughout the area. Harappans evolved some new techniques in metallurgy and produced copper, bronzelead, and tin.
The engineering skill of the Harappans was remarkable, especially in building docks. Inarchaeologists studying the remains of two men from MehrgarhPakistan, discovered that the people of the Indus Valley Civilisation, from the early Harappan periods, had knowledge of proto- dentistry. Later, in Aprilit was announced in the scientific journal Nature that the oldest and first early Neolithic evidence for the drilling of human teeth in vivo i. Eleven drilled molar crowns from nine adults were discovered in a Neolithic graveyard in Mehrgarh that dates from 7,—9, years ago.
According to the authors, their discoveries point to a tradition of proto-dentistry in the early farming cultures of that region. A touchstone bearing gold streaks was found harappan Banawaliwhich was probably used for testing the purity of gold such a technique is still used in some parts of India.
Various sculptures, seals, bronze vessels potterygold jewellery, and anatomically detailed figurines in terracottabronze, and steatite have been found at excavation sites. A number of gold, terracotta and stone figurines of girls in dancing poses reveal the presence of some dance form. These terracotta figurines included cows, bears, monkeys, and dogs.
The animal depicted on a majority of seals at sites of the mature period has not been clearly identified. Part bull, part zebra, with a majestic horn, it has been a source of speculation. As yet, there is insufficient evidence to substantiate claims that the image had religious or cultic significance, but the prevalence of the image raises the question of whether or not the animals in images of the IVC are religious symbols.
Sir John Marshall reacted with surprise when he saw the famous Indus bronze statuette of a slender-limbed dancing girl in Mohenjo-Daro:. Modeling such as this was unknown in the ancient world up to the Hellenistic age of Greece, and I thought, trading system of harappan civilization, that some mistake must surely have been made; that these figures had found their way into levels some years older than those to which they properly belonged Now, in these statuettes, it is just this anatomical truth which is so startling; that makes us wonder whether, in this all-important matter, Greek artistry could possibly have been anticipated by the sculptors of a far-off age on the banks of the Indus".
Many crafts including, "shell working, ceramics, and agate and glazed steatite bead making" were practised and the pieces were used in the making of necklaces, bangles, and other ornaments from all phases of Harappan culture.
Some of these crafts are still practised in the subcontinent today. Seals have been found at Mohenjo-Daro depicting a figure standing on its head, and another sitting cross-legged in what some call a yoga -like pose see image, the so-called Pashupatibelow.
Sir John Marshall identified a resemblance to the Hindu god, Shiva. A harp-like instrument depicted on an Indus seal and two shell objects found at Lothal indicate the use of stringed musical trading system of harappan civilization. The Harappans also made various toys and games, among them cubical dice with one to six holes on the faceswhich were found in sites like Mohenjo-Daro.
The Indus civilisation's economy appears to have depended significantly on trade, which was facilitated by major advances in transport technology.
Trading system of harappan civilization Andrey0 2 Comments The Indus Valley Civilisation IVC was a Bronze Age civilisation — BCE; mature period civilization BCE mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asiaextending from what today is . Was the trade relationship between the Harappans and the Mesopotamians a direct one? Terracotta sealing from a unicorn seal, Mohenjo-daro. Or were there any mediators in Iran (which had a civilization in ancient periods which was located in the southwestern part of fertile cresent region)? advanced draining system. T or F: Was a centralized monarchy and theocracy Political structure was based on. agriculture. Harappans grew-Wheat-Barley-Rice-Peas-COTTON. Harappan developed a. trading system. Harappan culture was. sophisticated. Harappans' highest artistic achievement Were there any major wars in the Harappan civilization.
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