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Through the happenings of its presidential terms
In 1970, a group of 50 people formed a new Reform congregation in Columbia, MD, that became Temple Isaiah. Under the presidency of Barry Sklar, the temple conducted High Holy Day services and a portable ark was used for worship services held in members' homes. The temple was provided rabbinic services by Rabbi Richard Sternberger of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. Michael Levinson, the second president of Temple Isaiah, began a search for a permanent spiritual leader and Rabbi Stephen Fuchs became the first full-time rabbi of Temple Isaiah in 1973.
Temple Isaiah began holding regularly scheduled services in 1973 during Michael Brunner's presidency. By 1974, services were held in the Wilde Lake Interfaith Center. The first Confirmation class was instituted in 1974 during Shirley Amster's presidency. During this period, the congregation published its first newsletter and purchased a Torah.
In 1975, during Joel Broida's presidency, the congregation adopted Gates of Prayer and the temple's choir was formed. Soon after, the temple moved to the Meeting House in Oakland Mills. During Gene Klein's presidency in 1976, the fourth Friday night service was geared toward the interests of pre-B'nai Mitzvah youth.
During Dick Goldberg's presidency, the temple hired its first part time employee, a secretary. The first adult B'nai Mitzvah class was formed, a Sisterhood began and a capital fund was started to assist the congregation in planning for its future space needs. In 1980, Lynne Warshaw worked out the details of Rabbi Fuchs' sabbatical, the first sukkah building contest was held and the congregation hired a Bar/Bat Mitzvah tutor.
During Saul Lubitz's presidency, High Holy Day services were moved from the Meeting House to Hammond High School. During Gene Kein's second term as president, Rabbi Fuchs went to Israel for his sabbatical. Rabbi Louis Cashdan served the temple in Rabbi Fuchs' absence.
When Fred Berko became president in 1983, the congregation revitalized the choir, reinstituted the Sisterhood and formed a Men's Club. Richard Solomon was named regular cantorial soloist. The Confirmation class went to New York for the first time and the congregation sponsored its first trip to Israel.
During Marion Miller's presidency in 1985, Rabbi Fuchs accepted a pulpit in Nashville, TN. After five months of meetings and interviews with almost 20 candidates, the Rabbinic Selection Committee unanimously recommended the appointment of Rabbi Mark Panoff as Temple Isaiah's new spiritual leader. Temple Isaiah joined with the Columbia Jewish Congregation to form a bi-congregational Hebrew school and Temple Isaiah signed a new lease with the Meeting House which enabled the congregation to build an addition for the temple to use.
During his presidency, Robert Dubin presided over a smooth rabbinic transition. The congregation constructed and decorated the temple's new suite of offices and chapel. A Scholar-in-Residence Program and Torah study group were instituted by Rabbi Panoff. Rabbi Panoff also served as leader for a group of 80 congregants as they journeyed on Temple Isaiah's second trip to Israel.
Jeanne Krips Tobin assumed the presidency in 1988 and guided the congregation through an evaluation of its needs, practices and goals. The congregation's first family from the Soviet Union arrived in 1989, and as a result, the congregation assisted in the settling of over 100 Soviet Jews. In recognition of the congregation's efforts, Temple Isaiah received the Union of American Hebrew Congregation's Fain Social Action Award. Our first Tu'Bshvat Seder was held.
During Les Feldman's presidency, the congregation commissioned a new Torah, expanded adult and youth education programming and organized active junior and senior youth groups. The congregation voted to start the Temple Isaiah Religious School. Rabbi Panoff wrote a curriculum that received the praise of Reform educators, and Hana Bor was selected to be the Educational Director of the School.
In 1992, during Margery Rapport's presidency, the Temple Isaiah Religious School officially opened with 400 students. Rabbi Panoff took a mini-sabbatical during which time he volunteered at Temple Sinai in Wellington, New Zealand. Lay leaders and guest rabbis conducted services and area rabbis provided the necessary emergency services during his absence.
Susan Wakshul's presidency marked the culmination of efforts related to strong fiscal responsibility. Susan appointed a Building Feasibility Committee to explore the benefits of remaining at the Meeting House and the utilization of the temple's space.
Donna Kaplan served as president from July of 1996 through June of 1998. Joel Friedman & Associates was hired to do a financial feasibility study to determine if the congregation could raise the necessary funds to purchase land and build its own free-standing facility. As a result of the study, the congregation voted to begin a capital campaign. Don Gartner, a professional fundraiser, led a capital campaign during which $1.9 million was pledged for the new synagogue. Also, during Donna's term, Rabbi Panoff received an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree for his 25 years in the rabbinate.
Cindy Ward Sandler was president from 1998 to 2000. These years were a time of transition and growth. One day, Art Pertman called Cindy to say that he had found a beautiful piece of land containing a stream and trees. This piece of land turned out to be the grounds for the new temple building on Route 216. The first building committee began to examine the synagogue's needs and how to best address them. With the Temple's growth, Cindy assisted the office with staff development. Cindy coordinated the celebration of Rabbi Panoff's 13th year with Temple Isaiah.
One of the most exciting events of Moira Larsen's presidency (2000–02) was the purchase of the land for the building. Also during her tenure, Temple Isaiah's cantorial soloist of 28 years, Richard Solomon, retired. Moira oversaw the interview and selection process that brought a professionally trained soloist, Judith Daniel, to the congregation. A new auxiliary organization to enrich the Jewish lives of Temple Isaiah's women, Kol Nashim, began. Moira oversaw the smooth transition to Marge Gold's directorship of the religious school and its growth to 500 students.
The most significant accomplishment of Lynn Abramson's presidency (2002–04) was the construction and completion of the new building. The facility is 27,000 square feet on a 20-acre site that serves as a campus for Jewish life and affords the congregation ample opportunity for future development. Along with this milestone came the establishment of Temple Isaiah's Preschool, with Renee Panoff as the founding director providing its vision. Many new administrative issues, financial concerns and congregational policies had to be addressed and implemented for the first time. During Lynn's term, Religious School enrollment and congregational membership grew to reach all-time highs.
During Jackie Norden's presidency (2004–06), we transitioned into our new temple home. We celebrated the dedication of our building and reaped all of the benefits of being able to worship in our own sanctuary, as well as offering numerous new programs to congregants of all ages. The first two years of our preschool's existence were extremely successful, with enrollment nearly doubling during that time. The Religious School instituted an important program to provide services to children with disabilities. In addition, the Religious School made tremendous strides in its push for social action projects.
During the Presidency of Ben Sandler (2006–08) the temple's focus was centered on a sense of congregational community and attending to securing its financial future. The Matzoh Ball Run's successful expansion led to the creation of the Financial Assistance fund. A thorough financial review resulted in a revised long term financial plan with updated 5 year cash flow and budget projections. The temple acquired its Iraqi Torah and had year-long congregational study programs on "Jews in Arab Lands." The annual High Holiday Food Drive began and in a lighter focus, the softball and basketball teams had their rookie seasons. During these years, Temple Isaiah held its first Purim Ball and first Matzoh Ball Cookoff.
Jeff Davis was president from 2008–10. He capably lead during a time of severe economic challenge, both to temple and its members. The Temple Isaiah leadership made a number of difficult decisions that put Temple Isaiah on a bright new path, financially and spiritually, for the future. Long-term financial security was addressed by a new capital campaign that allows Temple Isaiah to significantly reduce its operating costs. Jeff's Presidency was very rewarding; thru all the economic challenges, the temple never lost sight of its core values.
Phil Whitebloom's term (2010–12) began as we welcomed our new cantorial soloist, Becca Grad, and our first Family Educator, Rachel Petroff Kessler. Joining the Men's Club and Kol Nashim, the Sisterhood was formed and joined our very popular family of Temple Isaiah "auxiliaries" as the newest addition and our adult choir changed its name to Shir Isaiah. Temple Isaiah celebrated its 40th anniversary and Rabbi Panoff celebrated his 25th anniversary as Rabbi of Temple Isaiah and prepared the congregation for his retirement.
Our immediate past president, Denny Rapport (2012–14) guided the congregation through a time of tremendous transition as we welcomed Rabbi Craig Axler to become the third full-time rabbi in Temple Isaiah's history. Additionally, as Rabbi and Renee Panoff retired, the Temple Isaiah Preschool was renamed in their honor and Amy Snyder took on the position of director. This period of transition was one of growth and visioning as we continue to create this unique congregational community which is Temple Isaiah.


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Cruz v. O'Rourke U.S. Senate race passes $100M milestone
Local // Texas Politics
Jeremy Wallace Oct. 25, 2018 Updated: Oct. 30, 2018 1:33 p.m.
1of8PHOTOS: On the issues Until the race between U.S. Rep. Beto O'Rourke and Sen. Ted Cruz, no general election battle for the U.S. Senate had cost more than $77 million, a record set in 2012 in Massachusetts. >>See where Cruz and O'Rourke stand on the issues in the photos that follow...Photo: Tom Reel /Staff
2of8Trump's border wall
Cruz: Supports Trump's border wall and floated the idea of having the wall paid for by assets seized from "El Chapo." O'Rourke: Believes the border is safe enough without the wall, and calls for ending "militarization of our immigration enforcement system."Photo: John Moore / Getty Images
3of8Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)
Cruz: Has called for an end to DACA and believes there should be no path to citizenship for people in the U.S. illegally. O'Rourke: O'Rourke supports DACA and has advocated given its recipients, also known as Dreamers, citizenship.
*DACA is a policy that allows people brought to the U.S. as undocumented children to receive a deferred action for deportation. The DACA status must be renewed every two years.Photo: Olivier Douliery, FILE / TNS
4of8Tax cuts
Cruz: A major supporter of the $1.5 trillion tax cut passed by Republicans in 2017. He argues the cuts are good for Texas' economy and allow for investment. O'Rourke: Believes tax cuts will add to the national debt and only provide real relief to major corporations and wealthy Americans. Photo: Carolyn Kaster, STF
5of8Background checks for buying guns
Cruz: Opposed to universal background checks, but supports measures to fill in information gaps in federal databases. O'Rourke: Supports universal background checks and closing of federal loopholes, like purchasing a firearm at a gun show without a background check.Photo: MICHAEL STRAVATO, STR / NYT
6of8Bump stocks and magazines
Cruz: Has avoided weighing in on the ban of bump stocks or high-capacity ammunition magazines. In the case of bump stocks, he said Congress should gather all the facts first. O'Rourke: Open to banning bump stocks and high-powered magazines.Photo: Rick Bowmer, STF
7of8Abortion and defunding Planned Parenthood
Cruz: Opposes abortion and wants to stop federal money from going to Planned Parenthood and organizations that provide abortions. O'Rourke: Supports abortion rights. Opposes defunding Planned Parenthood.Photo: Andrew Burton, Staff
8of8Trump's Supreme Court pick
Cruz: Supported Brett Kavanaugh, but said the allegations of rape made against him "are serious and deserve to be treated with respect." O'Rourke: Did not believe an FBI investigation was needed for Kavanaugh but said: "this is not a Supreme Court Justice that I think passes muster for the people of Texas." Photo: Jacquelyn Martin, STF / Associated Press
For the first time in American history, a U.S. Senate race will top $100 million in spending as U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz and his Democratic rival Beto O'Rourke battle down the stretch in one of the most-watched races in the nation.
That milestone was certain after Cruz announced on Thursday that he has already raised $5.3 million this month. O'Rourke announced he has pulled in another $8.4 million during the same time period. Combined, the two have raised $110 million for the race.
Prior to this year, no general election battle for the U.S. Senate had cost more than $77 million, a record set in 2012 in Massachusetts.
O'Rourke is a major reason for the fundraising record. He had raised $61 million for his campaign as of Oct. 1. Cruz has raised a total of $40 million through Thursday.
Although O'Rourke leads Cruz in fundraising, he still trails the Republican in public polling. The last five major public polls show Cruz leading by as few as 5 percentage points and by as many as 9 points.
Cruz was once expected to easily win re-election, but O'Rourke has surprised political experts with his unconventional campaign. He's used a social-media driven campaign to travel to each of the 254 counties in Texas and visit places Democrats have largely written off in the past.
On Monday, President Donald Trump was in Houston for a rally aimed at boosting Cruz and stopping O'Rourke's momentum.
The $110 million doesn't even count money in Super PACs that are helping Cruz's campaign. Millions more are expected to be funneled into the race by those outside groups to help Cruz win a second term in the U.S. Senate.
jeremy.wallace@chron.com
Jeremy Wallace has covered politics and campaigns for more than 20 years. Before joining the Hearst Texas newspapers in 2017 he covered government and politics for the Tampa Bay Times, The Miami Herald and the Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Previously he covered Congress for the Boston Globe and Detroit Free-Press. Originally from San Antonio, he attended the University of North Texas and earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Missouri. You can follow him on Twitter, @JeremySWallace, or email him at Jeremy.wallace@chron.com.
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Revision as of 17:25, 12 June 2014 by Ait (talk | contribs)
1934. De Soto Airflow. Exhibit at Motor Museum of Western Australia.
1949. Desoto S13. Six-cylinders. 3870cc. Exhibit at the Manoir de L'Automobile, Loheac.
The DeSoto (sometimes De Soto) was a brand of automobile based in the United States, manufactured and marketed by the Chrysler Corporation from 1928 to 1961. The DeSoto logo featured a stylized image of Hernando de Soto.
The DeSoto make was founded by Walter P. Chrysler on August 4, 1928, and introduced for the 1929 model year. It was named after the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. Chrysler wanted to enter the brand in competition with its arch-rivals General Motors, Studebaker, and Willys-Knight, in the mid-price class.
Shortly after DeSoto was introduced, however, Chrysler completed its purchase of the Dodge Brothers, giving the company two mid-priced makes. Had the transaction been completed sooner, DeSoto never would have been introduced.
Initially, the two-make strategy was relatively successful, with DeSoto priced below Dodge models. Despite the economic times, DeSoto sales were relatively healthy, pacing Dodge at around 25,000 units in 1932.
In 1933, Chrysler reversed the market positions of the two marques in hopes of boosting Dodge sales. By elevating DeSoto, it received Chrysler's streamlined 1934 Airflow bodies. But, on the shorter DeSoto wheelbase, the design was a disaster and was unpopular with consumers. Unlike Chrysler, which still had more traditional models to fall back on, DeSoto was hobbled by the Airflow design until the 1935 Airstream arrived.
Aside from its Airflow models, DeSoto's 1942 model is probably its second most memorable model from the pre-war years, when the cars were fitted with powered pop-up headlights, a first for a North American mass-production vehicle. DeSoto marketed the feature as "Air-Foil" lights "Out of Sight Except at Night".
UK Assembly
1930-31 A cheaper brand of Chrysler assembled at Kew [1]
↑ * A-Z of Cars of the 1920s by Nick Baldwin. 1994. ISBN 1 870979 53 2
Retrieved from "https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=De_Soto&oldid=625231"
Country - USA
Town - Kew


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'I think it might happen' – Alasdair Gold provides update on Gareth Bale transfer
Reliable journalist Alasdair Gold has dropped the biggest hint yet that Tottenham could re-sign Gareth Bale this summer.
The 31-year-old Welshman left Spurs to sign for Madrid in 2013 and has gone on to win four Champions League titles, two La Liga crowns and a host of other honours.
Bale has continuously been linked with a move back to Tottenham in recent windows, but his crazy wages, which are reportedly in excess of £600,000, according to The Sun, have always proved to be a stumbling block for Spurs, whose highest paid player Harry Kane earns £200,000 per-week, according to the Express.
Earlier today, ESPN revealed that Tottenham had moved ahead of Manchester United in the race to sign the two-time PFA Premier League Player of the Year – with Madrid, who're desperate to reduce their wage bill, willing to sell Bale for around £18m.
And Gold believes that Jose Mourinho's side are pushing hard for a loan deal, but need plenty of help from the La Liga giants.
"I think it might happen," said the Football.London reporter.
I normally roll my eyes when there's Gareth Bale questions most windows, every year. Finally, this is a window when I don't think I can. From what I understand Spurs are genuinely having a go for a loan and if they can get Real Madrid to help out a lot, I think it might happen.
— Alasdair Gold (@AlasdairGold) September 15, 2020
Afriyie Barnieh should have earned a place...


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The First Modern Revolution
Steve Pincus
Description Reviews Awards
Listen to the music of 1688
Based on new archival information, this book upends two hundred years of scholarship on England's Glorious Revolution to claim that it—not the French Revolution—was the first truly modern revolution
For two hundred years historians have viewed England's Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689 as an un-revolutionary revolution—bloodless, consensual, aristocratic, and above all, sensible. In this brilliant new interpretation Steve Pincus refutes this traditional view.
By expanding the interpretive lens to include a broader geographical and chronological frame, Pincus demonstrates that England's revolution was a European event, that it took place over a number of years, not months, and that it had repercussions in India, North America, the West Indies, and throughout continental Europe. His rich historical narrative, based on masses of new archival research, traces the transformation of English foreign policy, religious culture, and political economy that, he argues, was the intended consequence of the revolutionaries of 1688–1689.
James II developed a modernization program that emphasized centralized control, repression of dissidents, and territorial empire. The revolutionaries, by contrast, took advantage of the new economic possibilities to create a bureaucratic but participatory state. The postrevolutionary English state emphasized its ideological break with the past and envisioned itself as continuing to evolve. All of this, argues Pincus, makes the Glorious Revolution—not the French Revolution—the first truly modern revolution. This wide-ranging book reenvisions the nature of the Glorious Revolution and of revolutions in general, the causes and consequences of commercialization, the nature of liberalism, and ultimately the origins and contours of modernity itself.
Steve Pincus is professor of history at Yale University. He is the author of Protestantism and Patriotism and England's Glorious Revolution. He lives in New Haven, CT.
"[A]n important, fresh, and imaginative work of scholarship. . . . It will have recast the origins of modern England as well as the history of the revolution of 1688."—Bernard Bailyn, New York Review of Books
"Mr. Pincus's cogently argued account of what really happened during
England's revolution destroys many comforting notions that have prevailed for more than 200 years. . . . It leaves the reader with something much more exciting: a new understanding of the origins of the modern, liberal state."—Economist
"Utterly extraordinary."—Don Herzog, University of Michigan
"We all know that the year 1688 is a milestone in
England's history; now, thanks to Steve Pincus, the book 1688 will be a milestone in its historiography. Pincus transforms what once seemed a peaceful compromise among agreeable aristocrats into a fractious and all-encompassing crisis, the 'first modern revolution.' Provocative, erudite, and accessible, 1688 is a must read for anyone interested in seventeenth-century Europe and its possessions."—Cynthia Herrup, University of Southern California
"In this remarkable work of scholarship, vast in scope and profound in its implications, Pincus challenges Macaulay and the orthodox view that the Glorious Revolution was moderate, peaceful, and conservative, and reveals a violent transformational event that revolutionized England's state, church, and political economy, and introduced political modernity."—Bernard Bailyn, Harvard University
"A radical interpretation of a radical revolution. Steve Pincus's brilliantly researched account of the extraordinary events of the 1680s and 1690s mounts an insuperable challenge to the comfortable view that the Glorious Revolution was another instance of British consensus politics, pragmatism, and common sense. 1688 recaptures the revolutionary nature of the Glorious Revolution and its far-reaching and interconnected conflicts over foreign policy, political economy, religion, and the nature of the modern state."—John Brewer, California Institute of Technology
"A magnificent, fully documented, very well written study of how the first thorough-going modern revolution was achieved with effort and against substantial obstacles over several years. It was bloody and popular, not merely a palace coup achieved with little loss of life, as is commonly held. Taking a broader chronological view and considering more aspects of society than previous historians, Pincus convincingly shows how England had become a commercial society by the 1680s, and the race was on to harness new wealth—a race between the absolutist modernizing vision of James II and the more tolerant and liberty-minded vision of his opponents. What emerged was the first modern state, with independent financial institutions and a strong sense of national and civil, as opposed to confessional, interest. The triumph of William III and his supporters was a conscious re-ordering of the place of the three kingdoms on the European and world stage. Pincus's commitment to vigorous argument (in which he overturns many received views; his definition of revolution itself is bracingly refreshing) makes this book exciting reading, and will raise fascinated interest in the late 17th-century for many years to come. For anyone interested in modern liberal society, its origins, and why it is worth defending, this book is indispensable."—Nigel Smith,
"A magnificent, fully documented, very well written study of how the first thorough-going modern revolution was achieved with effort and against substantial obstacles over several years. Pincus overturns many received views: this book will raise fascinated interest in the late seventeenth century for many years to come, making it indispensable reading."—Nigel Smith, Princeton University
"There is also much that is impressive and exciting about this book, not only its archival reach but also Pincus's intellectual ambition and his determination to pursue his theme of modernity as well as his willingness to embrace comparative issues."—Jeremy Black, American Historical Review
"Meticulously researched and deftly written."—Andrew Stuttaford, National Review
"One of the most ambitious works of history to appear in recent years--a radical reinterpretation of events that intends not merely to update and improve prior accounts but to vanquish them conclusively. The book is a marvel of scholarship."—The National
"Pincus's marvellously learned book is the product of years of industrious archival labour."—Jonathan Clark, Times Literary Supplement
"The grand aspirations of this book and the broad sweep of its claims will insure that it is taken seriously by scholars working on the Glorious Revolution for years to come...It will stand out as the opening salvo in a series of historical battles that will light up 1688 in newly vibrant tones."—Paul Monod, Journal of Church History
"A significant contribution to the scholarship of the period. . . . Pincus develops his analysis through lively writing informed by extensive primary-source research. . . . There is much to be said for Pincus's approach, blending economic and political theory together with seemingly effortless ease in a well-written and highly readable account. . . . In the end, there is every reason to think that his analysis of the events of late-seventeenth-century England will, for want of a better term, revolutionize our understanding of the period."—Scott Hendrix, Canadian Journal of History
Bronze Medal winner for the 2010 Independent Publishers Book Awards in the History Category
Winner of the 2010 Gustav Ranis International Book Prize, given by the MacMillan Center
Honorable Mention in the Non-Fiction category of the 2009 New England Book Festival sponsored by the Larimar St. Croix Writers Colony, The Hollywood Creative Directory; eDivvy, Shopanista and Westside Websites
A finalist in the category of Nonfiction for the 2010 Connecticut Book Award, given by the Connecticut Center for the Book
Winner of the 2010 Morris D. Forkosch Prize given by the American Historical Association
Named a Top 10 Book of 2010—Wilson Quarterly
664 pages, 7 x 10
The Murder of King James I
Alastair Bellany and Thomas Cogswell
Stukeley's 'Stonehenge'
An Unpublished Manuscript 1721-1724
Edited by Aubrey Burl and Neil Mortimer
Change and Continuity in Seventeenth-Century England, Revised Edition
Christopher Hill
S. B. Chrimes
The Diary of Joseph Farington
Joseph Farington
Demobbed
Coming Home After World War Two
Alan Allport
The Heart of the Declaration
The Founders' Case for an Activist Government
The Lewis Walpole Series in Eighteenth-Century Culture and History
On Empire, Liberty, and Reform
Speeches and Letters
Edmund Burke; Edited by David Bromwich
Benjamin Franklin and the Politics of Improvement
Alan Houston
Atlas of the Transatlantic Slave Trade
David Eltis and David Richardson; Foreword by David Brion D
Civil Society and Empire
Ireland and Scotland in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World
James Livesey
Enlightened Pleasures
Eighteenth-Century France and the New Epicureanism
Thomas M. Kavanagh
The Moral Culture of the Scottish Enlightenment
Thomas Ahnert
History > British Studies
History > Eighteenth Century Studies
History > Atlantic History
Economics > Economic History


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text:
Filed Under Public Housing
Cedar-Central Apartments
Ernest Bohn's "Housing Laboratory" and the Legacy of Public Housing
By Shannon Trimble
Aerial View of Cedar-Central Apartments The Public Works Administration (PWA) allocated $150 million for housing. Cedar-Central Apartments was one of three initial Cleveland housing projects authorized by the PWA. Unlike the Works Progress Administration (WPA), with which it is sometimes confused, this New Deal agency funded private contractors, who in turn hired workers. Construction on Cedar-Central began in 1935 and was completed in 1937. Source: Ohio Guide Photographs, Ohio History Connection Creator: Ohio Federal Writers Project (WPA) Date: ca. 1937-40
In the depths of the Great Depression when urban housing conditions were desperate, Ernest J. Bohn, then in his early thirties, emerged as a champion of housing reform. Bohn, who had come to Cleveland from Hungary with his parents in 1911, was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives just as the stock market collapsed. Dismayed by the effects of poverty and substandard housing on urban social problems and impelled by his deep Catholic faith, Bohn resolved to bring change. By 1933, as a city councilman, he had written and shepherded to passage the first state public housing enabling legislation in the United States, resulting in the formation of the Cleveland (later Cuyahoga) Metropolitan Housing Authority (CMHA). He drew attention to the plight of the poor by supporting Father Robert B. Navin's study of Cleveland's Cedar-Central neighborhood, "The Analysis of a Slum Area in Cleveland," which exposed the cost to the city of allowing such conditions and became influential in shaping national public housing policy. One of the fruits of his labor was Cedar-Central Apartments, one of the three earliest public housing projects in Cleveland to garner federal funding, and among the first nationwide.
The conditions that led to Cedar-Central Apartments as a first step toward remediating the conditions that Fr. Navins's study exposed were a product of rampant urban growth and social inequality. Cleveland's population had doubled to nearly 800,000 in the first twenty years of the 20th century. This increased the housing inequities in the city, with many people being forced to take residence in substandard housing that was technically unfit for human habitation. Nowhere were conditions worse than in Cedar-Central. Cleveland's answer was to launch a landmark project. As Bohn put it, Cleveland would serve as the U.S.'s "housing laboratory."
In 1933, the New Deal set aside $150 million for government subsidized housing. Thanks to Bohn's efforts, the CMHA built the Cedar-Central Apartments on eighteen acres between East 22nd to East 30th streets over a two-year period. The new Cedar-Central apartments would be built after some 200 slum dwellings were razed for the new project. The complex was completed in 1937 at a cost of $10 million, and the apartments reflected that investment. The project opened up some 650 apartments for occupants to vie for. Each unit had a refrigerator, a gas range and steam heat. The complex also housed two playgrounds for children, and featured manicured lawns. The apartments themselves had ceramic tile and chrome fixtures, and they boasted the possibility of a cross breeze.
The reception for what became a massive and decades-long project was mixed and the outcome was much the same. While offering temporary relief to Clevelanders, the Cedar-Central Apartments housing project ultimately cemented a divide in access to and perception of public housing depending on race. Not yet a year into the public housing project, citizen action groups and newspapers were demanding justice for the racial segregation at the coveted Cedar-Central Apartments. Only eight Black families were selected for Cedar-Central versus 650 white families. Many Black families waited months without hearing of their selection or rejection, and when they went to make inquiries about status, it was either said the decision was still in process or that they should consider another of Cleveland's housing projects, Outhwaite.
At the start, Cleveland offered a lifeline to some low-income families that most needed it in the form of affordable and comfortable housing. But by the start of the 1970s, the slum conditions that public housing was supposed to be ridding America of were now plaguing it, thereby worsening or perpetuating cycles of poverty and poor standards of living. Amid the drying up of federal funding in the Nixon years, new proposed housing projects were put on hold in 1973 and the government instead transitioned to using rent vouchers for low-income families. Those rent vouchers are commonly known today by the name of "Section 8." Many of those buildings, seen as positive living opportunities in 1973, are still in use today in urban centers and suburbs, including in the City of Cleveland and the Cedar-Central Apartments.
Litigation over the Cedar-Central apartments continued. In 1972, a ruling originally brought forward by the NAACP and the ACLU and Legal Aid Society on behalf of "Negro and non-white tenants" that were denied equal opportunity for public housing in newer and integrated sites within and around Cleveland showcased the gap within Cleveland itself—the east side being predominantly Black and having limited job opportunity and the west side, which was largely white, having easier access to suburbs and jobs. Litigation over where the CMHA was allowed to have buildings continued. In 1982 a landmark ruling over where the CMHA was allowed to put public housing made integrating public housing into the community nearly impossible. Due to the conservative government at the time, funding for HUD and public housing was cut at the federal level, and little was done toward promoting integration of old and new housing, or of the ethnic/racial divide of its tenants.
The future of public housing is a far cry from its first iterations. The social and political climate today is inconducive for creating public housing projects as the carefully and thoughtfully designed spaces they were in the 1930s. When Cleveland built its first housing projects, they were located in neighborhoods that afforded people the opportunity to go easily to work and near opportunity-rich areas. This phenomenon is one possible explanation for the fallen glory for the Cedar-Central apartments and other housing projects in Cleveland. With limited economic opportunities in the city, it can be difficult to position the housing in places that foster economic prosperity for its residents, and ergo, economic growth for Cleveland.
WPA poster for Cedar-Central Apartments The Works Progress Administration made posters to promote public housing in the 1930s. The goal was to normalize using public housing and encourage people to apply for the apartments by advertising them as family friendly and comfortable. The Cedar-Central Apartments, like many early housing projects, borrowed the garden-apartment style popularized by leading modernist architects of the day. Source: Library of Congress Creator: Works Progress Administration Date: ca. 1940
Newspaper headline, 'Secret Covenants Keep Negro Citizens In Slums' When neighborhood slums were torn down, they often displaced their tenants, many of whom were Black. The new public housing projects like Cedar Central and the Cedar Central Extension did not let in Black families for years and when they did integrate it was at a much lower rate. This news headline from Call and Post, a leading Black newspaper in Cleveland, uncovered what many knew to be correct, that Black families were being excluded even from government funded public housing. Meanwhile, Blacks also faced backlash when they attempted to move into many outlying neighborhoods and suburbs that real estate brokers and residents deemed "all-white." In such a climate, the unfortunate result was displacement into other inner-city neighborhoods where overcrowding replicated slum conditions. Source: Call and Post Date: April 26, 1947
Newspaper Coverage of New Projects Cleveland's Plain Dealer had a page expose of the Cedar-Central Apartments upon the complex's completion in 1937. The newspaper took a look into the architecture, the utilities offered, and future public housing plans for the city. As the first public housing project, there were many questions that the public had about the complex, and it was a point of public interest and discussion. Source: Cleveland Plain Dealer Date: July 11, 1937
Houses Marked for Demolition Public housing was not built on empty fields and vacant lots but rather on top of houses that were bought by eminent domain to create the project. Here, houses marked for demolition to make way for the Cedar Extension (located south of Central Avenue across that street from the original Cedar-Central Apartments), in a time when demand for public housing was soaring. While the original housing and neighborhoods were imperfect, the new housing projects of the early decades were large, used brutal architecture, and were difficult to keep up when funding waned- which often lead to fractured communities. Source: Cleveland Memory Project, Cleveland State University Library Special Collections Date: March 20, 1953
Crowd Waiting to Tour the Cedar Extension Open houses for Cedar-Central and other public housing projects were common in the first decades of their inception. There was a large list of people hoping to have their application chosen, and it was common to tour the open houses that took place a few times a year. Source: Cleveland Memory Project, Cleveland State University Library Special Collections Date: June 21, 1955
Outside the Cedar Extension Apartments, Section A-12 Cedar-Central and the Extension, like other public housing projects, were sprawling buildings taking up entire city blocks. Due to the size and similarity of the buildings, sections were given letters and numbers to help keep the area organized. Shared common green space was welcomed, although for the high population the building served it was a relatively small green area. Source: Cleveland Memory Project, Cleveland State University Library Special Collections Date: May 21, 1964
Existing and Proposed Housing Projects To keep up with demand for an increasingly impoverished area, need for public hosing increased even as support for the social cause decreased in the mid 1960s and beyond. Here, a map of the Cleveland area shows the large housing projects such as Cedar-Central and Outhwaite. The majority of housing projects were on Cleveland's east side and central/downtown neighborhoods because whites refused to accept public housing in most outer neighborhoods. Source: Cleveland Memory Project, Cleveland State University Library,Special Collections Date: February 16, 1961
Cleveland Landmarks Commission Report of the First 46 Landmarks The guide to Cleveland's Historic Landmarks which was published in 1975 includes ordinance #343-74, the Cedar-Central Apartments. A simple write-up underplays the importance Cleveland made in public housing in the United States. This modest write-up of the Cedar-Central Apartments is a part of a book of more well-known Cleveland Landmarks. Its inclusion shows shows the historic importance of public housing in the community. Creator: Cleveland Landmarks Commission Date: April 8, 1974
Olde Cedar The Cedar-Central Apartments, now called "Olde Cedar," were completed in 1937 after two years of building, and have been in use since, although popularity and funding have dramatically decreased as the decades wore on. The last major renovation was in 1998, and although they are not as popular as they once were, there are still tenants and applications being made to live in the building. Source: Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority Date: ca. 2020
2617 Central Ave, Cleveland, OH 44115
Campbell, Thomas F. "Public Housing." Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. case.edu/ech/articles/p/public-housing.
Donnelly, Jennifer. "Myth, Modernity, and Mass Housing: The Development of Public Housing in Depression-Era Cleveland." Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review 25, no. 1 (2013): 55-68.
Hartman, George W., and John C. Hook. "Substandard Urban Housing in United States: A Quantitative Analysis." Economic Geography 32, no. 2 (1956): 95-114.
"Housing." Monthly Labor Review 33, no. 4 (1931): 142-161.
Housing Division Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1935.
Keating, Dennis William. Cleveland: A Metropolitan Reader. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1995.
Michney, Todd M. "Constrained Communities: Black Cleveland's Experience with World War II Public Housing." Journal of Social History 40, no. 4 (2007): 933-956.
Navin, Robert B., et al. An Analysis of a Slum Area in Cleveland, prepared for Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority. Cleveland: Regional Association of Cleveland, 1934. www.google.com/books/edition/An_Analysis_of_a_Slum_Area_in_Cleveland/.
Roberts, Michael. "Time & Again." Cleveland Magazine. July 2009.
Shester, Katharine L. "The Local Economic Effects of Public Housing in the United States, 1940–1970." Journal of Economic History 73, no. 4 (2013): 978-1016.
Schoenfeld, Margaret H. "Progress of Public Housing in the United States." Monthly Labor Review 51, no. 2 (1940): 267-282.
Thaden, Emily, and Ruoniu Wang. Inclusionary Housing in the United States: Prevalence, Impact, and Practices. Report. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2017. Pp. 1-3.
cmha.net/aboutus/whoweare
Shannon Trimble, "Cedar-Central Apartments," Cleveland Historical, accessed February 1, 2023, https://clevelandhistorical.org/index.php/items/show/931.
Cleveland Designated Landmark
Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority


By bringing your credit card during your transfer, you can pay in the car. To better serve you, we have equipped each car with a TPE. Before, customers were forced to look for cash to make a direct payment. Each of our vehicles can therefore receive directly the payment in credit card granted (CB, VISA, VISA signature, Mastercard). And always in compliance with article of law n ° 2014-1104 of 1 October 2014 relating to taxis and transport cars with driver.


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Institut für Kunst- und Bildgeschichte - HU Berlin » Personen » Ehemalige » Seiten ehemaliger MitarbeiterInnen » Leonard Barkan
Leonard Barkan
Leonard Barkan is the Class of 1943 University Professor at Princeton, where he teaches in the Department of Comparative Literature along with appointments in the Departments of Art and Archaeology, English, and Classics. He has been a professor of English and of Art History at universities including Northwestern, Michigan, and N.Y.U. Among his books are The Gods Made Flesh: Metamorphosis and the Pursuit of Paganism (Yale, 1986) and Unearthing the Past: Archaeology and Aesthetics in the Making of Renaissance Culture (Yale, 1999), which won prizes from the Modern Language Association, the College Art Association, the American Comparative Literature Association, Architectural Digest, and Phi Beta Kappa. He is the winner of the Morton Dauwen Zabel Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He has been an actor and a director; he is also a regular contributor to publications in both the U.S. and Italy on the subject of food and wine. He is the author of Satyr Square (Farrar, Straus, 2006; pbk Northwestern, 2008), which is an account of art, literature, food, wine, Italy, and himself. He has recently published Michelangelo: A Life on Paper (Princeton, 2010), which treats the artist's creative and inner life by considering his constant habit of writing words on his drawings, and Mute Poetry, Speaking Pictures (Princeton, 2012), an essay about the intersecting worlds of artists and writers from Plato and Praxiteles to Shakespeare and Rembrandt. He delivered the Thomas Spencer Jerome Lectures at the University of Michigan and the American Academy in Rome in 2011. His subject was food culture and high culture from antiquity to the Renaissance, and the work is slated to be published by the University of Michigan Press. His other current project is a book about his own attachment to Berlin (Berlin for Jews: A Twenty-First Century Companion); it will be published by the University of Chicago Press.


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Bi-weekly review (22.2. – 7.3. 2021)
Khor Virap Monastery, Armenia. Photo: Elena Shchipkova/ Shutterstock.com
Armenian generals called upon the Prime Minister to step down
The General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces has called on Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan to resign immediately on February 25 in connection with the dismissal of the First Deputy Head of the General Staff General Tiran Khachatrian. The conflict between the General Staff and the PM flared up after the latter's criticism of Russian made Iskander short-range ballistic missile systems.
Answering the relevant question and commenting on the accusation of the ex-President of Armenia Serzh Sargsyan about the untimely use of Iskander by the Armenian Army during the last military conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Pashinyan stated that the missiles of the Russian system "are not suitable for the use" and "did not explode completely". "Let him ask the question why the Iskander missile did not explode? Or why did it explode ten per cent, for example?" asked Pashinyan the journalist in reaction to Sargsyan's criticism.
Pashinjan's statements subsequently caused a storm in the Armenian media, which decided to address the Deputy Chief of General Staff Tiran Khachatryan and ask him if it is possible for Iskander missiles to explode by only 10 per cent. This led to the second act of the whole drama. In response to a question from journalists, Khachatryan first laughed for a long time and then replied: "Of course, this is impossible. How? Iskander? One-shot? At 10 per cent? I'm sorry, but this is frivolous. It is not possible to make similar statements and similar conclusions," Khachatryan replied. He then urged journalists not to address the topic further or make up inaccurate ideas about similar military technology.
Khachatryan was removed from office shortly after the interview, which in turn led to calls for PMs resignation by the general staff. In its statement, the General Staff expressed its strong protest in connection with Khachatryan's dismissal and called it "short-sighted unreasonable and carried out without taking into account the national and state interests of the Republic of Armenia and based only on personal ambitions".
Altogether thirty-six high-ranking military officials of the General Staff, as well as Army's commands, subsequently called on the Prime Minister to resign, among other things, for "ineffective" management of the state and "serious mistakes in foreign policy that led to the country's decline."
The PM in his turn accused the army of the putsch and called on his supporters to take the streets. Protest of both Pashinyan's supporters and opponents have been held in Yerevan since.
En.topwar.ru, "Weapon of the 80s": Pashinyan criticised the Russian OTRK "Iskander", https://en.topwar.ru/180263-oruzhie-80-h-pashinjan-raskritikoval-rossijskie-otrk-iskander.html
Yerkramas.org, "Замглавы Генштаба ВС Армении долго смеялся над словами Пашиняна и… был уволен, (The deputy head of the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces laughed for a long time at Pashinyan's words and … was fired)", https://yerkramas.org/article/180049/zamglavy-genshtaba-vs-armenii-dolgo-smeyalsya-nad-slovami-pashinyana-i—-byl-uvolen
Armeniatoday, "Генштаб ВС РА потребовал отставки Пашиняна и правительства (RA Armed Forces General Staff demanded the resignation of Pashinyan and the government)", https://armeniatoday.news/%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f/247237/
Caucasian Knot, "Protesters in Yerevan, vow to stay in the street until the government resigns", https://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/54852/
KUCERA Joshua, Eurasianet.org, "Post-war report: Pashinyan misfired with an insult of Russian missiles", https://eurasianet.org/post-war-report-pashinyan-misfired-with-insult-of-russian-missiles
Caucasian Knot, "Pashinyan's position weakened by a low authority in Armenian army", https://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/54804/
News.am, "Armenia army General Staff ex-deputy chief appeals to the administrative court to invalidate presidential decree", https://news.am/eng/news/631956.html
Armenian opposition leader Vagzen Manukyan faces criminal charges
Charges have been pressed against Vazgen Manukyan on March 3 for public calls to usurp power and overthrow the constitutional order. Manukyan is the joint candidate for the post of Prime Minister of Armenia of the opposition-led Fatherland Salvation Movement.
Armenia's Investigative Committee spokesperson Rima Yeganyan said on Wednesday that Manukyan allegedly made calls to usurp power and overthrow Armenia's constitutional order during a rally at Yerevan's Freedom Square on February 20.
"At any moment — it could be today, one week later or ten days later — we must be ready for revolting and taking power at lightning speed," Manukyan said during the February 20 rally, describing it as a "Plan B" for the opposition, which has been campaigning for Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan's resignation since he signed the November 9 agreement that ended military actions in Karabakh, but stipulated the surrender of several territories controlled by Armenian forces to Azerbaijan. "We will follow Plan A but must always be ready for Plan B," said Manukyan during the February 20 rally.
"I am not going to testify", Manukyan said on March 4, while going in for questioning by Armenia's Investigative Committee. Before the questioning began, Manukyan told journalists he does not regret anything that he had previously said. He has since been released on the promise that he would not leave the country.
Homeland Salvation Movement leader and Armenian Revolutionary Federation member Gegham Manukyan condemned the move, calling it "politically motivated" to silence the opposition.
In 1990-1991, Vagzen Manukyan was post-Soviet Armenia's first prime minister and also served as defence minister in 1992-1993. He was also a co-founder and the coordinator of the Karabakh Committee, the body which led the Karabakh movement aimed at uniting Nagorno-Karabakh with Soviet Armenia.
Armenpress.am, "Charges pressed against opposition leader Vazgen Manukyan", https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1045079/
asbarez.com, "Authorities Press Criminal Charges Against Opposition Leader Vazgen Manukyan", https://asbarez.com/200859/authorities-press-criminal-charges-against-opposition-leader-vazgen-manukyan/
AVETISYAN Ani, OC Media, "Armenian opposition leader faces criminal charges", https://oc-media.org/armenian-opposition-leader-faces-criminal-charges/
France24.com, "Armenian opposition leader probed for inciting violence", https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210303-armenian-opposition-leader-probed-for-inciting-violence
Old Baku, Azerbaijan. Photo: Damian Pankowiec/ Shutterstock.com
The ruling New Azerbaijan party underwent significant changes
On March 5, Azerbaijan's ruling New Azerbaijan Party (NAP) held its 7th congress, where it adopted a new organisational charter and removed several senior officials. The party decided to abolish the Political Council of 84 members while establishing the Council of Veterans. The new body with 40 members should be led by the former Vice-Speaker of Parliament Arif Rahimzadeh.
As Caucasus Watch informs, a new composition of the Control and Auditing Commission of 13 members has been formed. Also, the former vice-speaker of parliament and now head of the State Committee for Women, Family and Child Affairs, Bahar Muradova, became the head of the Women's Council of the party.
Moreover, a decision was made to merge several de facto inactive small parties – People's Democratic Party, Yurddash, National Salvation, National Action, and the Democratic Party of Owners – with the NAP.
Several significant personal changes followed. Mehriban Aliyeva, Azerbaijan's First Lady and the First Vice-President has been appointed as First Deputy Chair of the ruling party, Ali Ahmadov as Deputy Chair, Tahir Budagov Deputy Chair – Head of Central Apparatus with an order of Chair of the New Azerbaijan Party Ilham Aliyev.
As Turan.az stressed in its article, a number of former officials were removed from the Board of the organisation. In particular, this is the former assistant to the president for public and political issues Ali Hasanov; the former head of the Baku Executive Power Hajibala Abutalibov; the former chairman of the State Committee for Refugees and former Deputy Prime Minister Ali Hasanov; the former head of the presidential administration, now the president of the National Academy of Sciences Ramiz Mehdiyev; and the former Executive Secretary, MP Siyavush Novruzov.
Public activist Bakhtiyar Hajiyev told Turan.az, he considers changes in the New Azerbaijan Party to be long overdue. "The party practically cannot perform any function and play a role in society. In addition, it has greatly lost its credibility," Hajiyev said. However, the true goal of the congress was not to increase the authority of the party but to get rid of a number of odious figures. "I believe that this was done to neutralise the resources in the hands of these persons, to limit their influence on political parties," he believes.
The activist does not exclude that shortly some measures will be taken against the former members of the Political Council and the Board, up to the institution of criminal cases. This will give the Yeni Azerbaijan Party a reason to renounce these persons.
Caucasus Watch, "Azerbaijan's ruling party holds its seventh congress", https://caucasuswatch.de/news/3607.html
Turan.az, "What caused the structure of the change in the Yeni Azerbaijan Party?", https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2021/3/free/politics_news/en/1972.htm/001
Bagrati Cathedral, Kutaisi, Georgia. Photo: Ngoc Tran/ Shutterstock.com
Georgia has a new old Prime Minister
The Parliament of Georgia confirmed late on February 22 the new cabinet led by Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili, who already served as prime minister of Georgia between November 2013 and December 2015.
All attending lawmakers from the ruling Georgian Dream (GD) party voted in support of PM Garibashvili's cabinet and program with 89 votes to 2, with only the two Citizens party MPs voting against. The newly-founded European Socialists party did not participate in the vote. The new government is comprised of eleven Ministers, of which nine have retained their posts.
As Civil.ge reminds Garibashvili was nominated as Prime Ministerial candidate on February 18 by GD after the previous PM, Giorgi Gakharia's resignation earlier that day, citing disagreements with the rest of GD over opposition United National Movement Chairman Nika Melia's coming detention.
"Garibashvili is one of the politicians closest to Georgia's shadow ruler, billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili, who announced his alleged 'exit' from politics in January earlier this year", writes JAM News in its commentary.
Political commentator David Zurabishvili told JAM News, Garibashvili's nomination indicates that Bidzina Ivanishvili did not actually leave politics. "The decision on this appointment, of course, was made by Ivanishvili. It seems incredible to me that the ruling party, which is practically alone in the new parliament, would hand over the reins of government to Garibashvili of its own accord," said Zurabishvili.
Civil.ge, "Parliament Confirms Garibashvili Cabinet", https://civil.ge/archives/399783
JAM News, "Who is Garibashvili – Georgia's former, soon to be new PM", https://jam-news.net/who-is-garibashvili-georgias-former-now-new-pm/
Civil.ge, "Context|Garibashvili: Not a Man of Compromise", https://civil.ge/archives/398890
Opposition leader Nika Melia arrested after police stormed the UNM headquarters
Police detained Nika Melia, the largest opposition party leader, in the early morning of February 23 during a special operation at the United National Movement (UNM) headquarters.
The detention was possible only after law enforcers stormed the office building where Melia, fellow opposition leaders and supporters have been gathered following the Court's February 17 order for pretrial detention. The Ministry of Internal Affairs claimed that "proportional force has been used during the special operation and that UNM supporters opposed law enforcers. Twenty individuals have been detained in the process, along with Melia.
"This is the end of this government. We are firm and united in our faith," Melia asserted in the moments ahead of his detention. The opposition leader called PM Garibashvili and Georgian Dream founder Bidzina Ivanishvili "traitors".
The head of the Georgia Dream party Irakli Kobakhidz defended the operation, saying that Melia and the part of the opposition are "anti-state forces". Responding to radicals, enforcement of law and the protection of the constitutional order is the only way for the democratic development of the country and ending the polarisation in Georgian politics," Kobakhidze said.
As civil.ge reminds, the special operation came few hours after the election of the new PM Irakli Garibashvili, who vowed during his confirmation hearing day before to "establish order in the country and return a number of destructive forces to the constitutional order and framework." Garibashvili dubbed Melia as "criminal" and warned that he would not escape justice.
Civil.ge, "Police Storm UNM Office, Detain Nika Melia", https://civil.ge/archives/400099
Agenda.ge, "Opposition leader Melia arrested after parliament approves new PM, cabinet", https://agenda.ge/en/news/2021/482
KUCERA Joshua, Eurasianet.org, "Georgian authorities arrest opposition leader", https://eurasianet.org/georgian-authorities-arrest-opposition-leader
Thousands turn out for Kutaisi hydropower protest
Thousands gathered in downtown Kutaisi on February 28 to protest against the construction of the Namakhvani Hydropower Plant in the Rioni River gorge in the Imereti and Racha-Lechkhumi regions.
As civil.ge informed, addressing the rally, Varlam Goletiani, a 28-year-old activist at the forefront of the Save the Rioni Gorge movement, urged the Georgian Government to retract the "illegal, wrong, anti-state" permission of the project.
Goletiani said the Government's failure to meet their demands would equal greenlighting confrontation between the anti-HPP activists on the one hand and the police and the Turkish company on the other. If the Government "disregards the will of the Georgian people" and attacks activists, we will have a legitimate right to "confront back," said Goletiani, and pledged the Government: "Don't provoke these people to defend their dignity with throwing stones."
The Namakhvani HPP cascade project is planned to be built in the Tskaltubo and Tsageri municipalities north of Kutaisi by Enka Renewables, a Turkish construction firm. Construction work is already underway under heavy police protection, reminds OC Media in its report.
The project has met strong local resistance from a grassroots movement organised by local residents along the River Rioni Valley. Critics say the project will affect the environmental, social, and cultural setting in Georgia's Imereti and Lechkhumi regions.
Activists chose Kutaisi — Georgia's second-biggest city and the capital of the Imereti Region — for Sunday's demonstration after being evicted by police last November and again in February from the villages of Zhoneti and Namokhvani, north of Kutaisi.
Zhoneti and nearby localities, which had become permanent protest sites, are expected to be one of the first areas directly affected by the Namakhvani HPP Cascade Project with its 333 MW Lower Namakhvani-Zhoneti dam and power plant.
The movement became less prominent after the political crisis in Georgia escalated following the detention of opposition leader Nika Melia. Sunday's protest in Kutaisi has partially changed this, with several political groups making statements. Opposition parties Lelo and Girchi, as well as Georgia's third President and Honorary Chair of the United National Movement, Mikheil Saakashvili, voiced support to the demonstrations.
KINCHA Shota, OC MEDIA, "Thousands turn out for Kutaisi hydropower protest", https://oc-media.org/thousands-turn-out-for-kutaisi-hydropower-protest/
Civil.ge, "Massive Rally Held in Kutaisi Against Namakhvani HPP", https://civil.ge/archives/401972
Setinsky church, Karachay-Cherkessia. Photo: Ela Sviridova/ Shutterstock.com
The second attack on law enforcers takes place in Karachay-Cherkessia within a year
In the Karachay-Cherkessian Republic (KChR), a policeman and a "Rosgvardia" (Russian National Guard) serviceman were stabbed and received gunshot wounds while trying to check the driver's documents; two attackers managed to escape.
As Caucasian Knot informed, the law enforcers approached the car to check the drivers' documents in the village Uchkeken; there were two men inside the car, who answered with foul language, says the website of KChR's Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA). Then, the driver stabbed the policeman; and one of the passengers fired a rifle at the "Rosgvardia" serviceman. Law enforcers later informed that both assailants have been identified, and measures are taken to detain them.
The attack on security forces in the village of Uchkeken was preceded by an armed incident in the same village on December 11, 2020. Then the suicide bomber attacked the FSB officers while trying to break into the territory where the operational-search measures were being carried out. The attacker detonated a bomb, as a result, six people were injured.
According to the investigation, on that day in the village, two explosive devices were detonated, with security forces suffering injuries in the second explosion while working at the site of the first incident.
Before the suicide attack in the village of Uchkeken on December 11, 2020, the security forces had not reported any armed incidents in Karachay-Cherkessia for five years.
Caucasian Knot, "Two law enforcers wounded in an attack in KChR", https://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/54786/
Caucasian Knot, "Атака на силовиков стала второй в Карачаево-Черкесии за 2,5 месяца (he attack on the security forces was the second in Karachay-Cherkessia in 2.5 months)", https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/361161/


Grand National Festival tips: Who should I bet on in the 2.25pm Mersey Novices' Hurdle at Aintree today?
Grand National Festival tips: Who should I bet on in the 2.25pm Mersey Novices' Hurdle at Aintree today?
TOP Tipster Templegate, along with ITV's Matt Chapman, have given us their tips for the Mersey Novices' Hurdle.
The race takes place at 2.25pm on Saturday, and is the second race on day three of the Grand National Festival.
Who is running in the 2019 Mersey Novices' Hurdle?


You're not limited to being a robot or a poop emoji anymore — now Apple lets you make your own Animoji, calling it "Memoji." At its annual Worldwide Developers Conference in San Jose, California, on Monday, Apple announced new features coming to Animoji, its hit augmented reality feature that let you put a digital mask over your face in iMessage.
When Apple first introduced Animoji alongside the iPhone X, the only device it's available for because of its front-facing True Depth camera, there weren't many character options. People were limited to Animoji like cats, dogs, and a poop.
Apple has expanded the feature in iOS 12, with new Animoji likes ghosts, tigers, and koalas. But the possibilities are almost endless with Memoji, which lets you customize your own digital masks to whatever you would like.


A long time ago, there was nothing I loved more than spending my August bank holidays in a field, probably in the rain, listening to live music so this year we decided to take the plunge and get ourselves tickets to The Big Feastival. Set in the gorgeous rolling hills of the Cotswolds on Alex James' farm, this family-friendly festival is the perfect merge of my old life as a care-free young adult and my new life as a parent wrapped up beautifully together with mountains of food, Little Bird by Jools and feel-good pop, 3 of my most favourite things. We were lucky enough to be asked to attend on the Friday by Joules who were providing the weekend's welly wanging which means we got to catch Richard Burr from GBBO in the AEG tent and a glimplse of Alex James himself in the Cheese Hub (that's a thing!!) which were gorgeous added extras to our weekend, thank you Joules!
You can read our post for the Joules Journal here!


text:
namespace Microsoft.Graph
{
    using System;

    /// <summary>
    /// The type PlannerGroupPlansCollectionPage.
    /// </summary>
    public partial class PlannerGroupPlansCollectionPage : CollectionPage<PlannerPlan>, IPlannerGroupPlansCollectionPage
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the next page <see cref="IPlannerGroupPlansCollectionRequest"/> instance.
        /// </summary>
        public IPlannerGroupPlansCollectionRequest NextPageRequest { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes the NextPageRequest property.
        /// </summary>
        public void InitializeNextPageRequest(IBaseClient client, string nextPageLinkString)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(nextPageLinkString))
            {
                this.NextPageRequest = new PlannerGroupPlansCollectionRequest(
                    nextPageLinkString,
                    client,
                    null);
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Grading plays a significant role in agriculture. On an even cropland, plants can equally be planted, watered and fertilized. Those efficient work processes not only save considerable time but also conserve resources. Through an optimized irrigation and fertilization, also a steady growth is ensured. The farmer thus benefits from an increase in growth of up to 25%!
In other sectors, precise leveling is even important. In road construction, unevenness is hindering a uniform, efficient asphalting and in turn a safe driving experience. Also, in the construction of sports facilities or airfields, a flat surface is essential.
With the MOBA Laser-matic, surfaces can be easily and precisely levelled. The Laser Receiver LS-3000, which is located on the variable Electronic Mast ETM-900, receives height references of a stationary laser transmitter. The accurate topographic measurement and hydraulic control carries out the Laser-matic Digital Controller. The height of the kilver, scraper or grader thereby automatically adapts to the received information – in real time! Due to the remarkable length of the laser receiver of 30cm it is always optimally connected to the laser.
The wide range allows the ride through rough terrain, without the two losing contact. The operator thus saves considerable time since he or she does not have to constantly adjust the height of the laser receiver.
The Dual Laser Matic, extended version of the Laser-matic, has two laser receivers and a slope or ultrasound sensor. The height reference of the stationary laser transmitter thus is simultaneously transmitted to two different laser receivers, thereby determining even more precise data. Leveling conducted by the Dual Laser-matic, in turn, is even more accurate. Using the slope or ultrasound sensor, the slope of the machine can be maintained steadily which is used to precisely implement a predetermined profile.
With leveling technology, the foundation of MOBA was laid 40 years ago.
Many years of experience in the market have resulted in an in-depth knowledge on which conditions a proper levelling technology needs to fulfill. Especially in grading, harsh weather conditions can significantly complicate work. Therefore, all electronic systems by MOBA exist of particularly robust parts. Additionally, they are equipped with a specially developed potting technology, which protects them from wind, water, dust and vibrations at all times. More flexibility is reached by different pre-programmable hydraulic configurations that allow a time-efficient change between different machines.
The equipment with a CAN-based technology also ensures a trouble-free upgrade or convenient replacement of all sensors anytime. The lifetime of the Laser-matic is thereby considerably extended.
High usability and operational reliability with MOBA grade & slope control solution.


text:
package com.veryant.joe;

public class WString extends Wrapper {
   public final String value;

   public WString (String s) {
      value = s;
   }
   private WString (char c) {
      value = Character.toString(c);
   }
   public Type type() {
      return Type.STRING;
   }
   public Object getWrapped() {
      return value;
   }
   public WBoolean equals (WString s) {
      return new WBoolean (value.equals(s.value));
   }
   public WBoolean lt (WString s) {
      return new WBoolean (value.compareTo(s.value) < 0);
   }
   public WBoolean gt (WString s) {
      return new WBoolean (value.compareTo(s.value) > 0);
   }
   public WBoolean ge (WString s) {
      return new WBoolean (value.compareTo(s.value) >= 0);
   }
   public WBoolean le (WString s) {
      return new WBoolean (value.compareTo(s.value) <= 0);
   }
   public WBoolean ne (WString s) {
      return new WBoolean (value.compareTo(s.value) != 0);
   }
   public WString concat (WString str) {
      return new WString (value.concat(str.value));
   }
   public WString add (WString str) {
      return new WString (value.concat(str.value));
   }
   public WString add (Object obj) {
      return new WString (value.concat(obj.toString()));
   }
   public WBoolean startsWith (WString s) {
      return new WBoolean (value.startsWith(s.value));
   }
   public WBoolean startsWith (WString s, WNumber toffset) {
      return new WBoolean (value.startsWith(s.value, toffset.intValue()));
   }
   public WString substring (WNumber beginIndex) {
      return new WString (value.substring(beginIndex.intValue()));
   }
   public WString substring (WNumber beginIndex, WNumber endIndex) {
      return new WString (value.substring(beginIndex.intValue(),
                                           endIndex.intValue()));
   }
   public WCharacter charAt (WNumber index) {
      return new WCharacter (value.charAt(index.intValue()));
   }
   public WString toLowerCase () {
      return new WString (value.toLowerCase());
   }
   public WString toUpperCase () {
      return new WString (value.toUpperCase());
   }
   public WInteger length () {
      return new WInteger (value.length());
   }
   public WInteger compareTo(String anotherString) {
      return new WInteger (value.compareTo (anotherString));
   }
   public WInteger compareToIgnoreCase(String anotherString) {
      return new WInteger (value.compareToIgnoreCase (anotherString));
   }
   public WBoolean contains (WString s) {
      return new WBoolean (value.contains(s.value));
   }
   public WBoolean endsWith (WString s) {
      return new WBoolean (value.endsWith(s.value));
   }
   public WBoolean equalsIgnoreCase (WString s) {
      return new WBoolean (value.equalsIgnoreCase(s.value));
   }
   public WInteger indexOf(WString str) {
      return new WInteger (value.indexOf (str.value));
   }
   public WInteger indexOf (WString str, WNumber fromIndex) {
      return new WInteger (value.indexOf(str.value, fromIndex.intValue()));
   }
   public WBoolean isEmpty () {
      return new WBoolean (value.isEmpty());
   }
   public WInteger lastIndexOf(WString str) {
      return new WInteger (value.lastIndexOf (str.value));
   }
   public WInteger lastIndexOf (WString str, WNumber fromIndex) {
      return new WInteger (value.lastIndexOf(str.value, fromIndex.intValue()));
   }
   public WBoolean matches (WString regex) {
      return new WBoolean (value.matches(regex.value));
   }
   public WString replace(WString target, WString replacement) {
      return new WString (value.replace (target.value, replacement.value));
   }
   public WString replaceAll(WString regex, WString replacement) {
      return new WString (value.replaceAll (regex.value, replacement.value));
   }
   public WString replaceFirst(WString regex, WString replacement) {
      return new WString (value.replaceFirst (regex.value, replacement.value));
   }
   public String[] split(WString regex) {
      return value.split (regex.value);
   }
   public WString  trim() {
      return new WString (value.trim());
   }
   public String toJava() {
      return value;
   }
   public String toString() {
      return value;
   }
   public Integer intValue() {
      try {
         return new Integer (value);
      } catch (NumberFormatException _ex) {
         return null;
      }
   }
   public Long longValue() {
      try {
         return new Long (value);
      } catch (NumberFormatException _ex) {
         return null;
      }
   }
   public Double doubleValue() {
      try {
         return new Double (value);
      } catch (NumberFormatException _ex) {
         return null;
      }
   }
}


text:
#include "instructions.h"
#include "errors.h"

static const size_t DISPL_TO_FLOAT = 50;
static const size_t DISPL_TO_VOID = 200;

instruction_t builtin_to_instruction(const builtin_t func)
{
	switch (func)
	{
		case BI_SQRT:					return IC_SQRT;
		case BI_EXP:					return IC_EXP;
		case BI_SIN:					return IC_SIN;
		case BI_COS:					return IC_COS;
		case BI_LOG:					return IC_LOG;
		case BI_LOG10:					return IC_LOG10;
		case BI_ASIN:					return IC_ASIN;
		case BI_RAND:					return IC_RAND;
		case BI_ROUND:					return IC_ROUND;
		case BI_STRCPY:					return IC_STRCPY;
		case BI_STRNCPY:				return IC_STRNCPY;
		case BI_STRCAT:					return IC_STRCAT;
		case BI_STRNCAT:				return IC_STRNCAT;
		case BI_STRCMP:					return IC_STRCMP;
		case BI_STRNCMP:				return IC_STRNCMP;
		case BI_STRSTR:					return IC_STRSTR;
		case BI_STRLEN:					return IC_STRLEN;
		case BI_ASSERT:					return IC_ASSERT;
		case BI_MSG_SEND:				return IC_MSG_SEND;
		case BI_MSG_RECEIVE:			return IC_MSG_RECEIVE;
		case BI_T_JOIN:					return IC_JOIN;
		case BI_T_SLEEP:				return IC_SLEEP;
		case BI_SEM_CREATE:				return IC_SEM_CREATE;
		case BI_SEM_WAIT:				return IC_SEM_WAIT;
		case BI_SEM_POST:				return IC_SEM_POST;
		case BI_T_CREATE:				return IC_CREATE;
		case BI_T_INIT:					return IC_INIT;
		case BI_T_DESTROY:				return IC_DESTROY;
		case BI_T_EXIT:					return IC_EXIT;
		case BI_T_GETNUM:				return IC_GETNUM;
		case BI_ROBOT_SEND_INT:			return IC_ROBOT_SEND_INT;
		case BI_ROBOT_SEND_FLOAT:		return IC_ROBOT_SEND_FLOAT;
		case BI_ROBOT_SEND_STRING:		return IC_ROBOT_SEND_STRING;
		case BI_ROBOT_RECEIVE_INT:		return IC_ROBOT_RECEIVE_INT;
		case BI_ROBOT_RECEIVE_FLOAT:	return IC_ROBOT_RECEIVE_FLOAT;
		case BI_ROBOT_RECEIVE_STRING:	return IC_ROBOT_RECEIVE_STRING;
		case BI_FOPEN:					return IC_FOPEN;
		case BI_FGETC:					return IC_FGETC;
		case BI_FPUTC:					return IC_FPUTC;
		case BI_FCLOSE:					return IC_FCLOSE;

		default:
			system_error(node_unexpected);
			return IC_NOP;
	}
}

instruction_t unary_to_instruction(const unary_t op)
{
	switch (op)
	{
		case UN_POSTINC:				return IC_POST_INC;
		case UN_POSTDEC:				return IC_POST_DEC;
		case UN_PREINC:					return IC_PRE_INC;
		case UN_PREDEC:					return IC_PRE_DEC;
		case UN_ADDRESS:				return IC_LA;
		case UN_INDIRECTION:			return IC_LOAD;
		case UN_MINUS:					return IC_UNMINUS;
		case UN_NOT:					return IC_NOT;
		case UN_LOGNOT:					return IC_LOG_NOT;
		case UN_ABS:					return IC_ABSI;

		default:
			return IC_NOP;
	}
}

instruction_t binary_to_instruction(const binary_t op)
{
	switch (op)
	{
		case BIN_MUL:					return IC_MUL;
		case BIN_DIV:					return IC_DIV;
		case BIN_REM:					return IC_REM;
		case BIN_ADD:					return IC_ADD;
		case BIN_SUB:					return IC_SUB;
		case BIN_SHL:					return IC_SHL;
		case BIN_SHR:					return IC_SHR;
		case BIN_LT:					return IC_LT;
		case BIN_GT:					return IC_GT;
		case BIN_LE:					return IC_LE;
		case BIN_GE:					return IC_GE;
		case BIN_EQ:					return IC_EQ;
		case BIN_NE:					return IC_NE;
		case BIN_AND:					return IC_AND;
		case BIN_XOR:					return IC_XOR;
		case BIN_OR:					return IC_OR;
		case BIN_LOG_AND:				return IC_LOG_AND;
		case BIN_LOG_OR:				return IC_LOG_OR;
		case BIN_ASSIGN:				return IC_ASSIGN;
		case BIN_MUL_ASSIGN:			return IC_MUL_ASSIGN;
		case BIN_DIV_ASSIGN:			return IC_DIV_ASSIGN;
		case BIN_REM_ASSIGN:			return IC_REM_ASSIGN;
		case BIN_ADD_ASSIGN:			return IC_ADD_ASSIGN;
		case BIN_SUB_ASSIGN:			return IC_SUB_ASSIGN;
		case BIN_SHL_ASSIGN:			return IC_SHL_ASSIGN;
		case BIN_SHR_ASSIGN:			return IC_SHR_ASSIGN;
		case BIN_AND_ASSIGN:			return IC_AND_ASSIGN;
		case BIN_XOR_ASSIGN:			return IC_XOR_ASSIGN;
		case BIN_OR_ASSIGN:				return IC_OR_ASSIGN;

		default:
			return IC_NOP;
	}
}

instruction_t instruction_to_address_ver(const instruction_t instruction)
{
	switch (instruction)
	{
		case IC_PRE_INC:				return IC_PRE_INC_AT;
		case IC_PRE_DEC:				return IC_PRE_DEC_AT;
		case IC_POST_INC:				return IC_POST_INC_AT;
		case IC_POST_DEC:				return IC_POST_DEC_AT;
		case IC_REM_ASSIGN:				return IC_REM_ASSIGN_AT;
		case IC_SHL_ASSIGN:				return IC_SHL_ASSIGN_AT;
		case IC_SHR_ASSIGN:				return IC_SHR_ASSIGN_AT;
		case IC_AND_ASSIGN:				return IC_AND_ASSIGN_AT;
		case IC_XOR_ASSIGN:				return IC_XOR_ASSIGN_AT;
		case IC_OR_ASSIGN:				return IC_OR_ASSIGN_AT;
		case IC_ASSIGN:					return IC_ASSIGN_AT;
		case IC_ADD_ASSIGN:				return IC_ADD_ASSIGN_AT;
		case IC_SUB_ASSIGN:				return IC_SUB_ASSIGN_AT;
		case IC_MUL_ASSIGN:				return IC_MUL_ASSIGN_AT;
		case IC_DIV_ASSIGN:				return IC_DIV_ASSIGN_AT;

		default:
			return instruction;
	}
}

instruction_t instruction_to_floating_ver(const instruction_t instruction)
{
	return (instruction >= IC_ASSIGN && instruction <= IC_DIV_ASSIGN)
		|| (instruction >= IC_ASSIGN_AT && instruction <= IC_DIV_ASSIGN_AT)
		|| (instruction >= IC_EQ && instruction <= IC_UNMINUS)
			? (instruction_t)((size_t)instruction + DISPL_TO_FLOAT)
			: instruction;
}

instruction_t instruction_to_void_ver(const instruction_t instruction)
{
	return (instruction >= IC_ASSIGN && instruction <= IC_DIV_ASSIGN_AT)
		|| (instruction >= IC_POST_INC && instruction <= IC_PRE_DEC_AT)
		|| (instruction >= IC_ASSIGN_R && instruction <= IC_DIV_ASSIGN_AT_R)
		|| (instruction >= IC_POST_INC_R && instruction <= IC_PRE_DEC_AT_R)
			? (instruction_t)((size_t)instruction + DISPL_TO_VOID)
			: instruction;
}


Do you need a speaker who has an inspiring story of innovation and success in science or technology?
Welcome to ACCELERATE & CONNECT: ASTech Alumni Speakers Bureau.
Our goal is simple: to connect our ASTech alumni (Finalists and Winners of an ASTech Award) and the broader community interested in science, technology and innovation. Invite our alumni to share their story of success to help inspire the next generation of innovation in Alberta.
The ASTech Foundation shines a spotlight on incredible examples of innovation that often fly under the radar. We will gladly introduce you to any of our speakers and we'll leave it up to you to sort out the details. This is a free service.
For more info or to contact a speaker, please email info@astech.ca.
VizworX is a software solutions and development company specializing in the application of leading edge interaction technologies and information visualization methodologies to drive customer success. Jeff is a serial entrepreneur and systems engineer with over 30 years experience in technology commercialization. He thrives on pulling together complex technical and business requirements, contextualizing them in local and global environments and building teams to solve customer challenges.
Dr. Nader Mahinpey holds the NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Novel CO2 Capture Technologies for Oil Sands Operations. His research revolves around economically attractive reduced CO2 emissions capture for energy producers and developing novel technology to convert the carbon into useful products, thereby bridging the gap between short and long-term solutions.
The technologies developed by Dr. Mahinpey have direct economic, environmental and health impacts on society and a broad range of application to the oil and gas industry, power plants, cement industries, synthesis of ammonia, natural gas purification and other chemical and petrochemical industries.
Dr. Frank Maurer's research interests are immersive analytics applications and multi-surface systems. His group's research combines empirical approaches with the development of innovative tools and applications. He is a co-founder, CTO and Board member at VizworX.
As a mechanical engineer, I love building robotic industrial equipment and working with technology to solve industrial and everyday problems. My rapid prototyping shop changes the way design is done. I would rather build it today and test it immediately than spend too much time on engineering. I want to show audiences they can do amazing things with the new tools that are available to everyone.