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Trek Mountain Bikes
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Trek Marlin Frameset - 2020
Marlin Frameset is a lightweight, versatile mountain bike frame great for building up as a fast cross county race bike or a rugged flatbar commuter. It's made of strong Alpha Silver Aluminum and is quick and capable on pavement, gravel, and singletrack alike. It's right for you if... You're looking for a versatile, wallet-friendly frameset you can build up exactly the way you want. You'll fly through singletrack, tackle rugged, all-terrain commutes, or both, depending on how you spec it. The tech you get A lightweight and sturdy Alpha Silver Aluminum frame, internal routing to protect cables from the elements, mounts for a rear rack and kickstand, and a headset. Designed with Smart Wheel Sizing: smaller frames fit 27.5-inch wheels and larger frames fit 29-inch wheels. The final word It's a light and capable frameset at a great value. You can spec it as a solid cross country mountain bike without breaking the bank, or build up a rugged commuter that easily handles potholes and rough roads. Why you'll love it - All the value, plus all the versatility—it's a totally race-worthy mountain bike, with rear rack mounts if you use it for commuting too - It's really fun to ride, and feels like a much more expensive mountain bike - Internal cable routing extends the life of your cables and adds to the bike's sleek look - Like every model in the Marlin family, it's backed by Trek's lifetime warranty
Trek X-Caliber Frameset - 2019
Full of fast, built to last. Caution: X-Caliber will get you hooked. It packs all of Trek's XC race hardtail experience into a light, fast bike that pairs the right wheel size with each frame size. Nothing beats the efficiency, simplicity, and straight-up fun of an X-Cal hardtail in 29er or 27.5". Great for XC racing, or simply shredding singletrack. - All-new lightweight Alpha Gold Aluminum frame delivers a phenomenal ride quality - Shorter chainstays and Boost141 hub spacing for increased agility and clearance for wider tires - Updated geometry and E2 tapered head tube for more confident handling - Sleek internal routing protects cables and accommodates dropper post upgrades
Trek 820 - 2020
820 is an excellent entryway to a world of off-road adventures. It's the most affordable mountain bike in our lineup and the ideal choice for beginners who are interested in the MTB life but also want a hybrid bike that's as equally suited to light trails as it is to potholed city streets. It's right for you if... You're ready to try your hand at mountain biking to see if you fall in love, and want a bike you can ride wherever you choose. You plan to ride all types of terrain, from city streets to gravel paths and light singletrack. The tech you get 820 has a strong steel frame, semi-slick tires that roll well on pavement and trails, durable alloy wheels, and a suspension fork that takes the edge off bumps. Plus, it has mounts so you can accessorize with racks, fenders, lights, a fitness tracker, a kickstand, and more! The final word 820 is a great bike for anyone testing the waters of off-road riding. It's versatile, durable, and works well on rough pavement, light trails, or both. Why you'll love it - 820 is a great bike at an even better price, and it lets you explore off-road riding without the giant price tag that comes with higher-end mountain bikes - The high-volume mountain bike tires and suspension fork take the edge off rough roads and trails - Rack, fender, and kickstand mounts make it easy to accessorize, so your mountain bike can double as a rugged commuter
Trek 820 WSD - Women's - 2020
820 Women's is an excellent entryway to a world of off-road adventures. It's the most affordable mountain bike in our lineup and the ideal choice for women who are interested in the MTB life but also want a hybrid bike with a confidence-building stepthrough frame and a saddle made specifically for women. It's right for you if... You're ready to try your hand at mountain biking to see if you fall in love, and want a bike you can ride wherever you choose. You plan to ride all types of terrain, from city streets to gravel paths and light singletrack. The tech you get 820 Women's has a steel stepthrough-style frame that's easy to mount and dismount, semi-slick tires that roll well on pavement and trails, durable alloy wheels, a seat made for women, and a suspension fork that takes the edge off bumps. Plus, it has mounts so you can accessorize with racks, fenders, lights, a fitness tracker, a kickstand, and more! The final word 820 Women's is a great bike for women testing the waters of off-road riding. It's versatile, durable, and works well on rough pavement, light trails, or both. Why you'll love it - 820 Women's is a great bike at an even better price, and it lets you explore off-road riding without the giant price tag that comes with higher-end mountain bikes -The high-volume mountain bike tires and suspension fork take the edge off rough roads and trails - The stepthrough-style frame makes it easy to mount and dismount - Rack, fender, and kickstand mounts make it easy to accessorize, so your mountain bike can double as a rugged commuter
Trek Marlin 4
Marlin 4 is the perfect gateway to trail riding. It's ideal for new riders who want a mountain bike with knobby tires that can double as a rugged commuter. Disc brakes, front suspension, 21 speeds, and mounts for a rack, fenders, and kickstand make this versatile ride an excellent entry point for new trail riders and campus commuters alike. It's right for you if... You want an introductory mountain bike at an incredible price, but also want a commuter that's rugged enough to hop curbs on the way to class. Disc brakes, knobby tires, and 21 speeds make Marlin 4 a great choice. The tech you get Marlin 4 has 21 speeds with a wide range of gearing for easy riding on varied terrain. It's modeled after our higher-end mountain bikes and built with a lightweight Alpha Silver Aluminum frame that has internal routing to protect your cables, an integrated kickstand mount, mechanical disc brakes for increased stopping power in any weather conditions, and a suspension fork with 75mm of travel—just enough to absorb the big bumps and keep you cruising. The final word Marlin 4's greatest gift is its versatility. It's built in Trek's mountain bike heritage and totally capable of taking on the trails. But it's an efficient daily rider, too. The rack and fender mounts make it a great choice for commuters who want to get a little rad on the way to class or the grocery store. Why you'll love it - It's a real mountain bike that's also perfectly suited to daily commutes, rides around campus, or just getting from A to B on any surface. - The flat mountain-style handlebar and disc brakes keep you in control, on or off the trail. - Rack and fender mounts make it easy to accessorize, so your mountain bike can double as a rugged commuter. - Internal cable routing makes it easy to spec your bike with upgraded trail tech, like a dropper post. - Like every model in the Marlin family, it's backed by Trek's lifetime warranty.
Marlin 5 is a trail-worthy daily rider that's perfectly suited for everyday adventures, on and off the trail. A front suspension fork with 100mm of travel, 21 speeds, and mounts for a rack and kickstand make it an ideal choice for new trail riders or anyone looking for a comfortable, stable commuter with the ruggedness of a real mountain bike. It's right for you if... You're new to the trail and want a serious mountain bike that doubles as a commuter—and you want it all at an exceptional value. The tech you get A lightweight Alpha Silver Aluminum frame, 21 speeds, a wide range of gearing so you never need to pedal too hard or easy on terrain that varies in elevation, hydraulic disc brakes that feel smoother than mechanical disc brakes, and a suspension fork with 100mm of travel—that's the same amount favored by most cross-country racers. The final word Built-in Trek's MTB heritage, and more than capable of taking on trail adventures. But it's also versatile. It's a popular ride on college campuses because the rack and kickstand mounts make it easy to accessorize and haul a load. Why you'll love it - It's a real mountain bike that's also perfectly suited to daily commutes, rides around campus, or just getting from A to B on any surface - Smaller frame sizes (13.5" and 15.5") have short-reach brake levers that make it easier and more comfortable for riders with smaller hands to brake confidently - It has separate brake and shift levers (a feature that's common on more expensive mountain bikes) so you can fine-tune the positioning for comfort - Rack and kickstand mounts make it easy to accessorize, so your mountain bike can double as a rugged commuter - Like every model in the Marlin family, it's backed by Trek's lifetime warranty
Trek Marlin 5 Women's
Marlin 5 Women's is a trail-worthy daily rider that's perfectly suited for everyday adventures, on and off the trail. A front suspension fork, a frame and parts designed specifically for women, 21 speeds, and mounts for a rack and kickstand make it an ideal choice for new trail riders or anyone looking for a comfortable, stable commuter with the ruggedness of a real mountain bike. It's right for you if... You're new to the trail, and you're looking for a great value on a real mountain bike that can double as a commuter. You also side with women who prefer the fit and feel of a bike made specifically for them. The tech you get A lightweight Alpha Silver Aluminum frame with a sloping top tube on smaller sizes for better standover height and more confidence on the trail, touchpoints—like the saddle, bars, and grips—that can provide a better fit to women from the start, 21 speeds, a wide range of gearing for big hills, hydraulic disc brakes that feel smoother than mechanical disc brakes, and a suspension fork with 100mm of travel. The final word A trail-tough mountain bike built specifically for women. It's built in Trek's MTB heritage and more than capable of taking on trail adventures. But it's also versatile. It's a popular ride on college campuses because the rack and kickstand mounts make it easy to accessorize and haul a load. Why you'll love it - It's a real mountain bike that's also perfectly suited to daily commutes, rides around campus, or just getting from A to B on any surface - Smaller frame sizes (X-Small and Small) have short-reach brake levers that make it easier and more comfortable for riders with smaller hands to brake confidently - It has separate brake and shift levers (a feature that's common on more expensive mountain bikes) so you can fine-tune the positioning for comfort - Rack and kickstand mounts make it easy to accessorize, so your mountain bike can double as a rugged commuter
Marlin 5 is a trail-worthy daily rider that's perfectly suited for everyday adventures, on and off the trail. A front suspension fork with 100mm of travel, 21 speeds, and mounts for a rack and kickstand make it an ideal choice for new trail riders or anyone looking for a comfortable, stable commuter with the ruggedness of a real mountain bike. It's right for you if... You're new to the trail and you're looking for a real mountain bike that doubles as a commuter—and you want it all at an exceptional value. The tech you get A lightweight Alpha Silver Aluminum frame with internal routing to protect your cables and add to the bike's sleek look, 21 speeds, a wide range of gearing so you always have the right gear for your terrain, hydraulic disc brakes that feel smoother than mechanical disc brakes, and a suspension fork with 100mm of travel—that's the same amount favored by most cross country racers. The final word It's built in Trek's MTB heritage, making it more than capable of taking on trail adventures. But it's also versatile, and Marlin 5 is a popular ride on college campuses because the rack and kickstand mounts make it easy to accessorize and haul a load. Why you'll love it - It's a real mountain bike that's also perfectly suited to daily commutes, rides around campus, or just getting from A to B on any surface - Smaller frame sizes (XS and S) have short-reach brake levers that make it easier and more comfortable for riders with smaller hands to brake confidently - It has separate brake and shift levers (a feature that's common on more expensive mountain bikes) so you can fine-tune the positioning for comfort - Rack and kickstand mounts make it easy to accessorize, so your mountain bike can double as a rugged commuter - Like every model in the Marlin family, it's backed by Trek's lifetime warranty
Trek X-Caliber Frame - 2020
Features - It gets you into the world of cross country riding and racing at a great price, and it's a mountain bike that can grow with you as your skills advance - The sleek internal cable routing gives you clean looks, protects your cables, and makes it easy to upgrade to a dropper post for even more capability - The frame is fully compatible with higher-end parts, like race wheels and a dropper post, if you ever find the need to upgrade - Mounts on the frame make it easy to add a rear rack if your XC bike doubles as your daily commuter
Marlin 6 is a quality introductory cross country mountain bike with front suspension and an upgraded 2x8 drivetrain that's light, simple, and easy to use. It's built in Trek's trail heritage, but also equipped with features like mounts for a rack and kickstand that make it a great choice for daily commuters. It's right for you if... You're testing the waters of off-road riding, and want a real mountain bike at a great value, with a wide range of gears to cover more ground on the road and trail. The tech you get The heart of Marlin 6 is a lightweight Alpha Silver Aluminum frame with internal routing to protect your cables and add to the bike's sleek look. It has an efficient 2x8 drivetrain, hydraulic disc brakes that feel smoother than mechanical disc brakes, and a suspension fork with 100mm of travel and a lockout feature that lets you temporarily lock the suspension for better efficiency while climbing. The final word Performance features like suspension lockout, stronger double-walled rims, and hydraulic disc brakes. It's also equipped with rack and kickstand mounts and a wide range of gears. These design details make it a great choice if your mountain bike doubles as your commuter. Why you'll love it - The 2x drivetrain gives you all the gears you need and none you don't - Smaller frame sizes (XS and S) have short-reach brake levers that make it easier and more comfortable for riders with smaller hands to brake confidently - It has separate brake and shift levers (a feature that's common on more expensive mountain bikes) so you can fine-tune the positioning for comfort - Rack and kickstand mounts make it easy to accessorize, so your mountain bike can double as a rugged commuter - Like every model in the Marlin family, it's backed by Trek's lifetime warranty
Trek Marlin 6 Women's - 2020
Marlin 6 Women's is a quality introductory women's cross country mountain bike with front suspension, parts designed specifically for women, and an upgraded 2x8 drivetrain that's light, simple, and easy to use. It's built in Trek's trail heritage, but also equipped with details like mounts for a rack and kickstand that make it a great choice for daily commuters. It's right for you if... You're testing the waters of off-road riding, and want a real mountain bike at a great value with a wide range of gears to cover more ground on the road and trail. You also side with women who prefer the fit and feel of a bike with touchpoints designed specifically for them. The tech you get A lightweight Alpha Silver Aluminum frame with a sloping top tube on smaller frame sizes (XS and S) for better standover height and more confidence on the trail, plus internal routing to protect your cables and add to the bike's sleek look. It also has Women's Specific Design touchpoints like the saddle, bars, and grips, an efficient 2x8 drivetrain, hydraulic disc brakes that feel smoother than mechanical disc brakes, and a suspension fork with 100mm of travel and a lockout feature that lets you temporarily lock the suspension for better efficiency while climbing. The final word Performance features like suspension lockout, stronger double-walled rims, hydraulic disc brakes, and touchpoints designed for women. It's also equipped with rack and kickstand mounts and a wide range of gears. These design details make it a great choice if your mountain bike doubles as your commuter. Why you'll love it - The 2x drivetrain gives you all the gears you need and none you don't - Smaller frame sizes (XS and S) have short-reach brake levers that make it easier and more comfortable for riders with smaller hands to brake confidently - Marlin Women's models in XS and S frame sizes have a curved top tube and a lower standover height that makes it easier for smaller riders to mount and dismount - Rack and kickstand mounts make it easy to accessorize, so your mountain bike can double as a rugged commuter - Like every model in the Marlin family, it's backed by Trek's lifetime warranty
Marlin 7 is where race-worthy mountain bikes begin. The smooth, lightweight RockShox fork and widest range of gearing in the Marlin family make this model the best choice for new riders who want a cross country hardtail with great parts that will hold its own against Trek's higher-end race bikes. It's right for you if... You're new to the trail but have serious singletrack aspirations, and want a race-worthy mountain bike with upgrades on the parts that make a big difference in performance, like a higher quality suspension fork. The tech you get The flagship model of the Marlin lineup has a lightweight Alpha Silver Aluminum frame with internal routing to protect your cables and add to the bike's sleek look, a high-quality RockShox fork with a lockout feature and 100mm of travel, a 2x9 drivetrain, Shimano hydraulic disc brakes, and a low-profile Shimano Shadow rear derailleur that's designed to avoid snagging on trail debris. The final word The RockShox suspension, wide range of gearing, and quality parts make it the best choice in the Marlin lineup for new mountain bikers who know they want a serious bike for their money. It's fully capable of taking on off-road marathon rides and XC races.. Why you'll love it - All the value, plus all the versatility—it's a totally race-worthy mountain bike, with rear rack mounts if you use it for commuting too - It's really fun to ride, and feels like a much more expensive mountain bike - Great suspension at an even better price - Like every model in the Marlin family, it's backed by Trek's lifetime warranty
Trek Roscoe 6 Women's - 2019
Roscoe 6 Women's is the ideal gateway to mountain biking for new riders looking to have a fun time on the trail. It has plus-sized tires that inspire confidence by keeping you stable, a suspension fork that soaks up the big bumps and roots, a wide-range drivetrain with plenty of gears, and touchpoints that can provide a better fit and feel to women from the start. It's right for you if... You're looking for an easy entry to the sport of mountain biking on a bike that will keep you excited and motivated to get out there day after day. Like 60% of women, you prefer the fit and feel of touchpoints, like a saddle, designed specifically for women. The tech you get Roscoe 6 Women's features a strong Alpha Gold Aluminum frame, confidence-inspiring 27.5+ tires mounted to wide rims, and a SR Suntour XCM 32 fork with 120mm of travel. It has a trail-tough Shimano Deore drivetrain with 10 speeds, Tektro hydraulic disc brakes, a wider handlebar and shorter stem for better control, and a saddle designed specifically for women. The final word Roscoe 6 Women's is like the big sister who takes you mountain biking for the first time and never gets frustrated while they're teaching you how to ride. It's all about getting out there, having fun, and enjoying the great sport of trail riding! Why you'll love it - It's more fun to be a better rider: Roscoe is so stable and forgiving, it's like an instant ability upgrade - Even when the trail gets rough, the wide 27.5+ tires deliver more confidence, traction, and stability - The frame is up-to-date with the latest standards so you have endless choices for adding upgrades like a dropper post - It has rack mounts so you can use it for bikepacking or even running errands
Trek 1120 Frameset - 2020
1120 Frameset is a bikepacker's dream, ready to be built up as your ultimate all-terrain touring bike. This bike is made for exploring the most extreme backcountry destinations in the farthest reaches of the world, and it's great for fast overnight bikepacking trips and sub-24s, too. It's right for you if... You want to build up a ride for bikepacking and off-road touring in places other bikes simply can't take you. You're looking for a lightweight and sturdy frame that's purpose-built for hauling all your gear anywhere you wanna go. The tech you get A Stache-inspired Alpha Platinum Aluminum frame with an adjustable rear Stranglehold Dropout that makes it easy to dial in your geometry and convert to singlespeed, a carbon fork, mounts for our proprietary 1120 rack system, and internal derailleur and dropper post routing. Comes with a headset and front and rear thru-axle skewers. The final word Every part of 1120 Frameset is designed for better bikepacking and built to take on the burliest trails you can find. Spec it how you like and build up your ideal rig for epic adventures. Why you'll love it - So many mounting features let you set up your ideal expedition ride as you see fit - The available 1120 rack and harness system makes it easy to secure the 8L bags dry bags of your choice in the rear rack and additional bags up front for the best packing balance - It's also an awesome mountain bike—if you're looking to shred, pull off your gear and racks and it's every bit as capable as our award-winning Stache
Trek Farley AL Frameset - 2020
It's right for you if... You're looking for a light, strong, alloy fat bike frame with a trail-optimized geometry for stability and responsiveness on any trail in any season. The tech you get A lightweight Alpha Platinum Aluminum frame with adjustable Stranglehold dropouts, suspension-corrected OCLV Carbon Bontrager Haru fork, and FSA headset. Rear thru axle dropout is 197mm, fork thru axle dropout is 15x150mm. The final word High-value fun in any season. Farley AL is fast, fun, and capable, and you're getting a great jumpstart on your build with an included Bontrager carbon fork. Why you'll love it 1 - If you were under the impression that fat bikes were sluggish, this bike will change your mind 2 - It's a four-season freedom machine that lets you ride outside all year long 3 - You can run your choice of wheels with 26x5.0 or 27.5x4.0 tires
Trek Stache AL Frameset - 2020
Stache AL Frameset is built with our lightweight and trail-tough Alpha Platinum Aluminum. This trail hardtail frameset is designed for fun-loving 29+ tires, with massive tire clearance, an elevated midstay, and Stranglehold Dropouts that make it easy to fine-tune your geometry or turn it into a singlespeed mountain bike. It's right for you if... Your attitude is that mountain biking should be, above all else, a ridiculous amount of fun. You want a base for your build that matches your fun-loving approach to the trail, with the versatility to run a full drivetrain or a singlespeed setup. The tech you get A trail-tough Alpha Platinum Aluminum frameset with super-short chainstays that give you the ability to pop off jumps and toss the bike around corners. Stache AL Frameset includes Stranglehold Dropouts so you can fine-tune your geometry or run singlespeed. It has internal derailleur and dropper post routing, a PF92 bottom bracket, a headset, and is designed for disc brakes and Boost148 29+ wheels. The final word Stache AL Frameset is the first step to more fun on the trail. The short chainstays deliver a lively ride and quick acceleration. Build it up with 29+ mid-fat tires for relentless traction. Why you'll love it - Stache is super versatile and equally at home on multi-day bikepacking trips as it is on rough singletrack - The super-short chainstays make it really easy to show off your wheelie skills - We're not the only ones who love it: DirtRag says, "[Stache] is the most fun bike I rode this year, and fun is where it's at." Features: Advanced frame tech - Stache is surprisingly nimble thanks to extra-short 420mm chainstays. The elevated mid-stay makes room for the extra-big tires while Stranglehold dropouts allow you to fine-tune your wheelbase length. 29+ - 29+ is a wider 3" tire that grips relentlessly while floating over terrain. Yet it delivers all the 29er benefits you know and love, like greater momentum and improved rollover.
Trek X-Caliber 8 - 2019
X-Caliber 8 is a cross country mountain bike made for fast laps and long days on the trail. It's built with special attention to value and the parts that make the biggest difference in performance. A Shimano drivetrain, RockShox fork, and hydraulic disc brakes make it a great choice for new mountain bikers and XC racers searching for fast, fun, singletrack adventure. It's right for you if... You're looking for a fast mountain bike for singletrack—one that's fully capable of taking on races, marathons, and competitive group rides. You want something that is reliable and fun with dependable, lightweight parts. The tech you get A lightweight Alpha Gold Aluminum frame, a RockShox 30 Silver suspension fork with a lockout and an air spring that's lighter and more adjustable than a coil spring, Bontrager Kovee Tubeless Ready wheels with Boost141 hub spacing, and a smooth, efficient Shimano Deore/XT 2x10 drivetrain with a Shimano XT Shadow rear derailleur, which stays tucked out of the way to avoid snagging on trail debris. The final word With X-Caliber 8, you're getting a performance frame paired with performance parts, like a RockShox air fork and a rear derailleur that's the gold standard for MTB performance and reliability. Plus, it's equipped with durable, lightweight alloy rims that save weight and are easy to upgrade to tubeless. Why you'll love it - It has the price of a more basic hardtail and the performance of a more expensive one - The RockShox air fork can be tuned to the rider's weight, so you always have a custom ride that's right for you - The frame is fully compatible with higher-end parts, like race wheels and a dropper post, if you ever find the need to upgrade - Smart Wheel Sizing means you'll get the fastest wheel that fits (29" wheels on larger frames, 27.5" wheels on smaller frames)
Trek Roscoe 6
Roscoe 6 is the ideal gateway to mountain biking for new riders looking to have a fun time on the trail. It has plus-sized tires that inspire confidence by keeping you stable, a suspension fork that soaks up the big bumps and roots, an easy-to-use 1x drivetrain, and playful frame geometry that makes it easier to control your bike on technical trails and winding singletrack. It's right for you if... You know there are good times to be had on the trail, and you want to be part of them! You're looking for an easy entry to the sport of mountain biking on a bike that will keep you excited and motivated to get out there day after day. The tech you get Roscoe 6 features a strong Alpha Gold Aluminum frame with internal routing for cable protection and a clean look, confidence-inspiring 27.5+ tires mounted to wide rims, and a SR Suntour XCM 32 fork with 120mm of travel. It has a trail-tough Shimano Deore drivetrain with 10 speeds, and Tektro hydraulic disc brakes, and a wider handlebar and shorter stem for better control. The final word Roscoe 6 is like the friend who takes you mountain biking for the first time and never gets frustrated while they're teaching you how to ride. It's all about getting out there, having fun, and enjoying the great sport of trail riding! Why you'll love it - It's more fun to be a better rider: Roscoe is so stable and forgiving, it's like an instant ability upgrade - Even when the trail gets rough, the wide 27.5+ tires deliver more confidence, traction, and stability - The frame is up-to-date with the latest standards so you have endless choices for adding upgrades like a dropper post - It has rack mounts so you can use it for bikepacking or even running errands
Roscoe 6 Women's is the ideal gateway to mountain biking for new riders looking to have a fun time on the trail. It has plus-sized tires that inspire confidence by keeping you stable, a suspension fork that soaks up the big bumps and roots, an easy-to-use 1x drivetrain, and touchpoints that can provide a better fit and feel to women from the start. It's right for you if... You're looking for an easy entry to the sport of mountain biking on a bike that will keep you excited and motivated to get out there day after day. Like a lot of women, you prefer the fit and feel of touchpoints, like a saddle, designed specifically for women. The tech you get Roscoe 6 Women's features a strong Alpha Gold Aluminum frame with internal routing for cable protection and a clean look, confidence-inspiring 27.5+ tires mounted to wide rims, and a SR Suntour XCM 32 fork with 120mm of travel. It has a trail-tough Shimano Deore drivetrain with 10 speeds, Tektro hydraulic disc brakes, a wider handlebar and shorter stem for better control, and a saddle designed specifically for women. The final word Roscoe 6 Women's is like the big sister who takes you mountain biking for the first time and never gets frustrated while they're teaching you how to ride. It's all about getting out there, having fun, and enjoying the great sport of trail riding! Why you'll love it - It's more fun to be a better rider: Roscoe is so stable and forgiving, it's like an instant ability upgrade - Even when the trail gets rough, the wide 27.5+ tires deliver more confidence, traction, and stability - The frame is up-to-date with the latest standards so you have endless choices for adding upgrades like a dropper post - It has rack mounts so you can use it for bikepacking or even running errands
X-Caliber 7 is the perfect entry point to fast cross country riding and racing. It's a fully capable hardtail mountain bike with expert tech where it matters most, like in the lightweight and durable alloy frame, RockShox fork, Shimano drivetrain, and hydraulic disc brakes. It's right for you if... You're new to mountain biking and want a high-value bike that's perfect for local XC trails and even racing. You want to invest in the parts that make a difference in performance—frame, suspension, and brakes—and want a bike you won't immediately outgrow as your skills advance. The tech you get A lightweight Alpha Gold Aluminum frame, a RockShox 30 Silver 100mm suspension fork with a lockout, a dependable 2x9 Shimano drivetrain, Shimano hydraulic disc brakes, and wider Boost141 hubs for increased wheel strength and better tire clearance. This hub size is standard for higher-end wheelsets, making it easy to upgrade your wheels if you're looking for a fast way to increase performance. The final word X-Caliber 7 is a great cross country mountain bike at a great value. It has the same features found on higher-end bikes—like internal cable routing, dropper post compatibility, a tapered head tube, and Boost hub spacing—all on a platform that's easy to upgrade down the line. Why you'll love it - It gets you into the world of cross country riding and racing at a great price, and it's a mountain bike that can grow with you as your skills advance - The sleek internal cable routing gives you clean looks, protects your cables, and makes it easy to upgrade to a dropper post for even more capability - Smart Wheel Sizing means you'll get the fastest wheel that fits (29-inch wheels on larger frames, 27.5-inch wheels on smaller frames) - The RockShox air fork has a rebound adjust and can be tuned to the rider's weight, and it's way higher quality than what you'd normally get on an MTB at this price
Trek Procaliber AL Frameset - 2020
Procaliber AL Frameset is a race-worthy cross country mountain bike with the unique advantage of IsoSpeed, a decoupler at the top tube/seat tube junction that provides additional compliance on rough trails. This Alpha Platinum Aluminum frameset is a wallet-friendly start to a lightweight XC build for your fastest singletrack rides ever. It's right for you if... You like to go fast, and also love the idea of a hardtail with frame tech designed to take the edge off rough singletrack. Speed is your main consideration, but comfort is right up there, too. The tech you get A lightweight Alpha Platinum Aluminum frame with IsoSpeed, a tapered head tube, and internal derailleur routing. Procaliber AL Frameset includes a headset, and is designed for a PF92 bottom bracket, post-mount disc brakes, and Boost148 wheels. The final word Procaliber AL is a lightweight aluminum mountain bike frameset built in Trek's trail heritage. It's fast, responsive, and it comes in at a great value, but the biggest advantage is the trail-smoothing IsoSpeed decoupler, which takes the edge off fatiguing bumps in the trail so you can stay stronger longer. Why you'll love it - The IsoSpeed decoupler makes it ride smoother than any other hardtail, so your body doesn't get beat up by trail chatter - Internal cable routing extends the life of your cables and adds to the bike's sleek look - This Alpha Platinum Aluminum frame is race-light and trail-tough
Trek Stache C Frameset - 2019
Stache Carbon Frameset is the perfect performance upgrade for fun-loving shredders who appreciate the confidence and stability of the 29+ mid-fat platform. Super-short chainstays, Stranglehold Dropouts, and our OCLV Mountain Carbon technology make this frame the fastest way to more fun on the trail. It's right for you if... You're a fun-loving trail rider at heart, but you also like to put the hammer down. You're sold on the advantages of the 29+ platform, and now you're looking for a serious upgrade in speed with a lightweight OCLV Mountain Carbon frame. The tech you get A lightweight OCLV Mountain Carbon frame with Stranglehold dropouts so you can fine-tune your geometry or run singlespeed, super-short chainstays so you can pop off jumps and throw your bike into corners, internal routing for derailleur and dropper post, an included headset, Boost148 spacing. Designed for disc brakes, with the massive clearance to run 29+ mid-fat tires. The final word A fun-loving trail hardtail frameset that pairs the low weight and smooth ride of OCLV Mountain Carbon with the confidence of the 29+ platform. However you build it up, this frameset will hold its own with both the distance-crushing XC crowd and your rowdy trail-riding buddies. Why you'll love it - OCLV Mountain Carbon is race-light and trail-strong - Stache is super versatile and equally at home on multi-day bikepacking trips as it is on rough singletrack - The super-short chainstays make it really easy to show off your wheelie skills - We're not the only ones who love it: DirtRag says, "[Stache] is the most fun bike I rode this year, and fun is where it's at."
X-Caliber 8 is a cross country mountain bike made for fast laps and long days on the trail. It's built with special attention to value and the parts that make the biggest difference in performance. A 1x SRAM drivetrain, RockShox fork, and hydraulic disc brakes make it a great choice for new mountain bikers and XC racers searching for fast, fun, singletrack adventure. It's right for you if... You're looking for a fast mountain bike for singletrack—one that's fully capable of taking on races, marathons, and competitive group rides. You want something that is reliable and fun with dependable, lightweight parts. The tech you get A lightweight Alpha Gold Aluminum frame, a RockShox 30 Silver 100mm suspension fork with a lockout and an air spring that's lighter and more adjustable than a coil spring, Bontrager Kovee Tubeless Ready wheels with Boost141 hub spacing, Shimano hydraulic disc brakes, and a smooth, efficient SRAM SX Eagle 1x12 drivetrain with a wide-range cassette. The final word With X-Caliber 8, you're getting a performance frame paired with performance parts, like a RockShox air fork and 1x SRAM Eagle drivetrain. Plus, it's equipped with durable, lightweight alloy rims that save weight and are easy to upgrade to tubeless. Why you'll love it - It has the price of a more basic hardtail and the performance of a more expensive one - The RockShox air fork has a rebound adjust and can be tuned to the rider's weight, and it's way higher quality than what you'd normally get on an MTB at this price - The frame is fully compatible with higher-end parts, like race wheels and a dropper post, if you ever find the need to upgrade - Smart Wheel Sizing means you'll get the fastest wheel that fits (29" wheels on larger frames, 27.5" wheels on smaller frames)
Trek Roscoe 7 - 2020
Roscoe 7 is a mid-fat trail hardtail for riders who favor a fun and lively ride. Confidence-inspiring 27.5+ wheels and plus-sized tires, a plush suspension fork, and a wide-range drivetrain with plenty of gears make Roscoe 7 stable enough for new riders, and playful enough to make even the most experienced shredders smile. It's right for you if... You're new to the trail and want a fun and accessible hardtail that keeps you confident and in control when the trail gets rough. Or, you're a more experienced trail rider and you want a bike with more traction that knows how to party when you're out riding with friends. The tech you get Roscoe 7 features a strong Alpha Gold Aluminum frame with internal routing for cable protection and a clean look, confidence-inspiring 27.5+ tires mounted to Tubeless Ready Bontrager Line rims, 2.8-inch mid-fat tires, and a 120mm RockShox Judy SL fork with a TurnKey hydraulic lockout. It's equipped with a reliable SRAM SX Eagle 1x12 drivetrain, hydraulic disc brakes, and a dropper post for extra room on rough trails. The final word When you're riding Roscoe 7, it doesn't matter if you're a first-timer or an off-road pro—whatever your skill level, you're gonna have fun. It's built for ease of use and durability, so you can focus on enjoying the trail ahead. Why you'll love it - It's more fun to be a better rider: Roscoe is so stable and forgiving, it's like an instant ability upgrade - A shorter stem and wider handlebar make it easier to control - Even when the trail gets rough, the wide 27.5+ tires deliver more confidence, traction, and stability - The dropper post lets you lower your saddle on the fly so it's out of the way on descents - The RockShox fork's Solo Air spring can easily be adjusted for a specific rider weight, and it's lighter than a coil spring
Roscoe 7 Women's is a mid-fat trail hardtail for riders who favor a fun and lively ride. Confidence-inspiring 27.5+ wheels with mid-fat tires, a plush suspension fork, and a wide-range drivetrain with plenty of gears make Roscoe 7 Women's stable enough for new riders, and playful enough to make even the most experienced shredders smile. It's right for you if... You're new to the trail and want a fun and accessible hardtail that keeps you confident and in control when the trail gets rough. Or, you're a more experienced trail rider and you want a bike with more traction that knows how to party when you're out riding with friends. The tech you get Roscoe 7 Women's features a strong Alpha Gold Aluminum frame with internal routing for cable protection and a clean look, confidence-inspiring 27.5+ tires mounted to Tubeless Ready Bontrager Line rims, 2.8-inch mid-fat tires, and a 120mm RockShox Judy SL fork with a TurnKey lockout. It's equipped with a SRAM SX Eagle 1x12 drivetrain, hydraulic disc brakes, a dropper post for extra room on rough trails, and a saddle designed specifically for women. The final word When you're riding Roscoe 7 Women's, it doesn't matter if you're a first-timer or an off-road pro—whatever your skill level, you're gonna have fun. It's built for ease of use and durability, so you can focus on enjoying the trail ahead. Why you'll love it - It's more fun to be a better rider: Roscoe is so stable and forgiving, it's like an instant ability upgrade - A shorter stem and wider handlebar make it easier to control - Even when the trail gets rough, the wide 27.5+ tires deliver more confidence, traction, and stability - The dropper post lets you lower your saddle on the fly so it's out of the way on descents - The RockShox fork's Solo Air spring can easily be adjusted for a specific rider weight, and it's lighter than a coil spring
$1,399.99 $1,539.99 9% Off
Roscoe 8 Women's is a trail hardtail for anyone looking to have some serious fun out in the dirt. Its 27.5+ mid-fat tires, 1x12 drivetrain, and 120mm suspension fork make it a blast on every trail, from packed singletrack to the loose stuff. It's a laid-back trail mountain bike dressed in a high-quality spec that's ready to party. It's right for you if... You want to have fun. You're searching for a playful trail bike with high-quality parts and plus-sized tires so that when you're out on the trail, the only thing you have to worry about is your face hurting from smiling too much. The tech you get Roscoe 8 Women's features a strong Alpha Gold Aluminum frame, confidence-inspiring 27.5+ tires mounted to Tubeless Ready Bontrager Line rims and a 120mm RockShox Solo Air fork with a TurnKey Hydraulic lockout. Plus, a dropper post, a SRAM NX 1x12 drivetrain, Shimano MT200 hydraulic disc brakes, and a saddle designed specifically for women. The final word High-quality components for high-quality trail days. It's all about fun, but it's also all about performance. With a 12-speed drivetrain hydraulic disc brakes, wide handlebars, and 27.5+ wheels, this bike takes trail riding shenanigans seriously. Why you'll love it - It's more fun to be a better rider: Roscoe is so stable and forgiving, it's like an instant ability upgrade - Even when the trail gets rough, the wide 27.5+ tires deliver more confidence, traction, and stability - The dropper post lets you lower your saddle on the fly so it's out of the way on descents - The RockShox Solo Air fork can easily be adjusted for a specific rider weight, and it's lighter than a coil spring - The NX Eagle drivetrain gives you a wider range of gears for easier climbing in a simple 1x set up
Trek Stache 5 - 2019
$1,399.99 $1,499.99 - $1,889.99 Up to 26% Off
With Stache 5, you don't have to pay a big cover charge to get into the 29+ party. It's a trail hardtail that rolls on 3-inch mid-fat tires for monster-truck traction on rough and loose terrain. This mountain bike is equipped with a burly suspension fork to keep you on your line when things get rowdy and a frame that delivers a lively and fun ride with its astonishingly short chainstays. It's right for you if... You ride because riding is fun, and you don't want to fuss with a full-suspension rig. You prioritize solid, dependable parts over the latest high-priced gadget, and want a bike you can take anywhere, from gravel bikepacking adventures to marathon singletrack days to gnarly, rocky routes. The tech you get An Alpha Platinum Aluminum frame with innovative features like an elevated midstay, Stranglehold dropouts, and Boost hub spacing for tons of tire clearance. The wide 3-inch tires mounted to 50mm SUNringle rims deliver unbelievable traction, but are still spry enough to pop off jumps and scramble up climbs. Plus, it has a Shimano Deore 1x10 drivetrain with hydraulic disc brakes, a Manitou Machete 32 Comp fork with 120mm of travel, and a dropper post. The final word Stache 5 is an absolute blast. The short chainstays deliver a lively ride and quick acceleration, while the mid-fat tires grip loose terrain relentlessly and steamroll over obstacles. It's built with solid components that will hold up for all the good times on the trail. Why you'll love it 1 - Stache is super versatile and equally at home on multi-day bikepacking trips as it is on rough singletrack 2 - The super-short chainstays make it really easy to show off your wheelie skills 3 - This model gives you most of the performance of the higher-end models for way less money 4 - Traction satisfaction: the mid-fat tires immediately make you a more confident and capable rider 5 - We're not the only ones who love it: DirtRag says, "[Stache] is the most fun bike I rode this year, and fun is where it's at."
Trek Full Stache 8 Frameset - 2019
Full Stache is a full suspension 29+ trail bike with an oversized appetite for rugged backcountry riding and trail explorations into the unknown wild. Build it up the way you want! We're giving you a head start with the Fox Float rear shock, a Bontrager 35mm stem, and a headset with Knock Block frame defense. Build it up exactly the way you want, for exactly your kind of adventure, but be sure to follow these requirements: minimum tire width: 29x2.6", recommended axle-to-race: 550mm (560mm/140mm travel max), maximum chainring size: 34 teeth.
X-Caliber 9 is the top-end model in the X-Caliber family. It's a fully race-ready cross country mountain bike built with parts designed to compete. A RockShox Judy Silver fork with remote lockout, a 1x12 Shimano XT/SLX drivetrain, and a wide-range cassette make it a great choice for fast singletrack riders who want a great bike that's ready to race right out of the box. It's right for you if... You measure your rides in speed and distance, and want a fast XC bike that will help you cover more trail in less time. You race, or you could see yourself getting into racing, so you want a hardtail with competition-level parts that can give you an advantage on the trail. The tech you get A lightweight Alpha Gold Aluminum frame with internal derailleur routing, a RockShox Judy Silver fork with 100mm of travel and a TurnKey remote lockout, a Shimano XT/SLX 1x12 drivetrain, and Shimano hydraulic disc brakes. Plus, Bontrager Kovee Tubeless Ready rims and internal dropper post routing make it easy to upgrade. The final word X-Caliber 9 is a speedy, nimble, and efficient XC hardtail that's perfect for riders with a racing pedigree and anyone who dreams of covering epic distances out on the trail. Why you'll love it - It's a great bike for someone who's just getting into serious racing: you get high-end XC parts on an awesome frame with enough cash left over for entry fees - There's nothing as sweet as a silent ride: the clutch rear derailleur prevents chain slap, even in the rough - Front and rear Boost hub spacing opens the door for high-end wheel upgrades - The 31.6mm seat tube gives you the option to install a dropper post when you want to tackle rowdier terrain
Trek Ticket S Frameset - 2020
Ticket S is a slopestyle mountain bike frame built for big tricks, big jumps, and a whole lot of style. Lightweight Alpha Platinum Aluminum and 100mm of rear travel with a FOX shock make it both durable and agile. It's the frame of choice for Trek C3 Project riders, and for good reason: they've built it over years of refinement and collaboration with our designers. It's right for you if... You want to hit jumps like the Trek C3 Project riders. You've got an appetite for the tricky stuff and want a flickable ride that's forgiving enough for hard landings. The tech you get Durable yet lightweight Alpha Platinum Aluminum with Mino Link adjustable geometry, 100mm of rear travel with a FOX Performance Flat SV shock to soak up big landings, and features inspired by Trek C3 Project riders like water bottle bosses on the down tube for shifter mounts and a bottom bracket bolt to keep the crank from spinning while you're in the air. The final word Get it if you want a slopestyle whip you can throw around on big jumps. It's at home in the air, and built in collaboration with the best slopestyle riders in the world: the Trek C3 Project. Why you'll love it - This bike has won every major slopestyle comp, several times over - Mino Link lets you make small adjustments to your geometry quickly and easily, even mid-ride - A tapered headtube, pressfit bottom bracket, and 142x12mm rear dropouts are ready for your dream build
Cyclesport
1 Hawthorne Ave
Monday-Thursday 11-8


text:
from hamcrest import equal_to, assert_that, has_length
from netaddr import IPNetwork

from netman.core.objects.access_groups import IN, OUT
from netman.core.objects.exceptions import UnknownVlan, UnknownIP, \
    IPNotAvailable, Conflict

from tests.adapters.configured_test_case import ConfiguredTestCase, skip_on_switches

class IpManagementTest(ConfiguredTestCase):
    __test__ = False

    @skip_on_switches("juniper", "juniper_qfx_copper", "dell", "dell_telnet", "dell10g", "dell10g_telnet")
    def test_adding_and_removing_ip_basic(self):
        self.client.add_vlan(2345)

        self.client.add_ip_to_vlan(2345, ip_network=IPNetwork("2.2.2.2/24"))
        self.client.add_ip_to_vlan(2345, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.1/24"))
        self.client.add_ip_to_vlan(2345, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.2/24"))
        self.client.add_ip_to_vlan(2345, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.3/24"))
        self.client.add_ip_to_vlan(2345, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.4/24"))

        vlans = self.client.get_vlans()
        vlan2345 = next(vlan for vlan in vlans if vlan.number == 2345)

        assert_that(vlan2345.ips, has_length(5))
        assert_that(str(vlan2345.ips[0]), equal_to("1.1.1.1/24"))
        assert_that(str(vlan2345.ips[1]), equal_to("1.1.1.2/24"))
        assert_that(str(vlan2345.ips[2]), equal_to("1.1.1.3/24"))
        assert_that(str(vlan2345.ips[3]), equal_to("1.1.1.4/24"))
        assert_that(str(vlan2345.ips[4]), equal_to("2.2.2.2/24"))

        self.client.remove_ip_from_vlan(2345, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.1/24"))
        self.client.remove_ip_from_vlan(2345, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.3/24"))

        vlans = self.client.get_vlans()
        vlan2345 = next(vlan for vlan in vlans if vlan.number == 2345)

        assert_that(vlan2345.ips, has_length(3))
        assert_that(str(vlan2345.ips[0]), equal_to("1.1.1.2/24"))
        assert_that(str(vlan2345.ips[1]), equal_to("1.1.1.4/24"))
        assert_that(str(vlan2345.ips[2]), equal_to("2.2.2.2/24"))

        self.client.remove_vlan(2345)

    @skip_on_switches("juniper", "juniper_qfx_copper", "dell", "dell_telnet", "dell10g", "dell10g_telnet")
    def test_adding_unavailable_ips_and_various_errors(self):
        self.client.add_vlan(2345)

        self.client.add_ip_to_vlan(2345, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.1/24"))

        with self.assertRaises(UnknownVlan):
            self.client.add_ip_to_vlan(3333, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.1/24"))

        # TODO(jprovost) Unify switch adapters to raise the same exception
        # multiple exceptions: IPNotAvailable, IPAlreadySet
        with self.assertRaises(Conflict):
            self.client.add_ip_to_vlan(2345, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.1/24"))

        self.client.add_vlan(2999)
        with self.assertRaises(IPNotAvailable):
            self.client.add_ip_to_vlan(2999, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.1/24"))

        with self.assertRaises(IPNotAvailable):
            self.client.add_ip_to_vlan(2999, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.2/24"))
        self.client.remove_vlan(2999)

        with self.assertRaises(UnknownVlan):
            self.client.remove_ip_from_vlan(1111, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.1/24"))

        with self.assertRaises(UnknownIP):
            self.client.remove_ip_from_vlan(2345, ip_network=IPNetwork("2.2.2.2/24"))

        with self.assertRaises(UnknownIP):
            self.client.remove_ip_from_vlan(2345, ip_network=IPNetwork("1.1.1.1/30"))

        self.client.remove_vlan(2345)

    @skip_on_switches("juniper", "juniper_qfx_copper", "dell", "dell_telnet", "dell10g", "dell10g_telnet")
    def test_handling_access_groups(self):
        self.client.add_vlan(2345)

        self.client.set_vlan_access_group(2345, direction=IN, name="my-group")
        self.client.set_vlan_access_group(2345, direction=OUT, name="your-group")

        vlans = self.client.get_vlans()
        vlan2345 = next(vlan for vlan in vlans if vlan.number == 2345)

        assert_that(vlan2345.access_groups[IN], equal_to("my-group"))
        assert_that(vlan2345.access_groups[OUT], equal_to("your-group"))

        self.client.unset_vlan_access_group(2345, direction=IN)
        self.client.unset_vlan_access_group(2345, direction=OUT)

        vlans = self.client.get_vlans()
        vlan2345 = next(vlan for vlan in vlans if vlan.number == 2345)

        assert_that(vlan2345.access_groups[IN], equal_to(None))
        assert_that(vlan2345.access_groups[OUT], equal_to(None))

        self.client.remove_vlan(2345)

# all covered cases

# add an ip
# add a second ip
# add the same ip - error
# add the same ip, different subnet - error
# add ip in the same subnet as another ip in the same port
# add the same ip in the same subnet as another ip in the same port - error
# add ip belonging to another port - error
# add ip with a different subnet belonging to another port - error
# add ip in a subnet belonging to another port - error

# remove ip
# remove secondary ip
# remove ip with secondaries

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Doris Margaret Wetherby Williams (2 May 1901 – 9 July 1984), who wrote under the pseudonym Margaret Erskine, was a British writer of mysteries. Her more than 20 novels featured the same leading character, Inspector Septimus Finch. Williams was a member of PEN International and the Crime Writers' Association.

Personal life
Born in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Williams grew up in Devon, England. Her parents were Thomas and Elizabeth (Erskine) Williams. She was privately educated. She died in 1984.

Critical reception
Mary Helen Becker, writing in Twentieth Century Crime and Mystery Writers, says that the Septimus Finch novels often feature large eccentric families, old houses, secret rooms, psychic phenomena, and "familiar puzzles". She rates the novels as "not really in the first rank" but "nevertheless better than many... Horrible things happen, but they are packaged for polite society."

Bibliography
And Being Dead (1938)
The Limping Man (1939), also published as The Painted Mask (1972)
The Voice of the House (1947), also published in England as Whispering House (1947)
I Knew MacBean (1948)
Give up the Ghost (1949)
The Disappearing Bridegroom (1950)
The Silver Ladies (1951)
Look behind You, Lady (1952), also published in England as Death of Our Dear One (1952)
Dead by Now (1953)
Old Mrs. Ommanney Is Dead (1955), also published in England as Fatal Relations (1955)
The Voice of Murder (1956)
Sleep No More (1958)
A Graveyard Plot (1959)
The House of the Enchantress (1959)
The Woman at Belguardo (1961)
No. 9 Belmont Square (1963), also published in England as The House in Belmont Square (1963)
Take a Dark Journey (1965)
The Family at Tammerton (1966)
Case with Three Husbands (1967)
The Ewe Lamb (1968)
The Case of Mary Fielding (1970)
The Brood of Folly (1971)
Don't Look behind You (1972)
Caravan of Night (1972)
Besides the Wench Is Dead (1973)
Harriet, Farewell (1975)
The House in Hook Street (1977)

References

1901 births
1984 deaths
20th-century British women writers
English crime fiction writers
English mystery writers
Women mystery writers
Writers from Kingston, Ontario
Pseudonymous women writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Willibrordus Rendra Surendra Broto (born in Solo, 7 November 1935) is a poet who is often dubbed as the "Peacock". He founded the Theatre Workshop in Yogyakarta in 1967 and Rendra Theatre Workshop in Depok. Since the college he was active in writing short stories and essays in various magazines. Renda is the son of R. Cyprian Sugeng Brotoatmodjo and Raden Ayu Ismadillah Catharina.
his father is a teacher of Indonesian and Javanese language in Catholic schools, Solo, in addition to the traditional performer, while her mother was a dancer serimpi in Surakarta. Renda childhood to adolescence was spent in his native city. He began his education from kindergarten (1942) to finish high school, high school (1952), in Catholic school, St. Joseph in the city of Solo. After graduating high school Renda went to Jakarta with the intention of attending the Academy of State. It turned out that the academy has been closed. Then he went to Yogyakarta and entered the Faculty of Letters, University of Gajah Mada. Although not complete college, does not mean he stopped learning. In 1954 he deepened his knowledge in the field of drama and dance in America, he received a scholarship from the American Academy of Art Dramatical (Aada). He also attended a seminar on literature at Harvard University at the invitation of the local government.
Rendra literary talent is starting to look when he was in junior high. At that time he has begun to show his ability to write poetry, short stories and plays for various school activities. Not just writing, it turns out he is also an expert on the stage. He staged several plays, and poetry is mainly performed as a highly talented readers. He once published a poem in the First Instance of mass media in 1952 through a magazine tactic. After that, his poetry was flowing smoothly graced numerous magazine at the time, like the story, Art, Basis, Confrontation, and the new tactic. It continues as seen in magazines over the next decade, especially magazines of the '60s and '70s. "False Leg" is his first drama, staged when he was in junior high, and "People on the Street Corner" is the first drama that got the award and first prize from the Office of the Ministry of Education and Culture, New York. At that time he was sitting in high school. The award was very excited to make it work. Prof. A. Teeuw, in his book Modern Literature Indonesia II (1989), argues that the history of modern Indonesian literature Renda did not belong to one class or group such as Force 45, Force 60's, or Force 70's. Of his works shows that he has his own personality and freedom.
Renda's works are not only famous in the country, but also abroad. Many of his works that have been translated into foreign languages, including English, Dutch, German, Japan and India. He also actively participates in festivals abroad, including the Rotterdam International Poetry Festival (1971 and 1979), The International Poetry Festival Valmiki, New Delhi (1985), Berliner Horizonte Festival, Berlin (1985), The First New York Festival of the Arts (1988), Spoleto Festival, Melbourne, Vagarth World Poetry Festival, Bhopal (1989), World Poetry Festival, Kuala Lumpur (1992), and Tokyo Festival (1995). Renda for his artistic activity has received many awards, including First Prize Writing Competition of Dramatic Arts The Department of Education and Culture, London (1954) BMKN National Literature Prize (1956); Arts Award from the Government of the Republic of Indonesia (1970); Prize Academy Jakarta ( 1975); Main Book Prize Foundation, the Ministry of Education and Culture (1976); Adam Malik Award (1989); The SEA Write Award (1996) and Achmad Bakrie Award (2006).
New at the age of 24 years, he finds first love yourself Sunarti Kelvin. Of a woman whom he married on March 31, 1959, the Renda had five children: Teddy Satya Nugraha, Andreas Wahyana Revelation, Daniel Seta, Samuel Moses, and Klara Sinta. One of the students are Bendoro Raden Ayu Sitoresmi Prabuningrat, daughter of the blue blood of the Sultan Palace, which would dissolve in the lives of spontaneous and sloppy at the Workshop Theatre. Sito Jeng task, so call him Renda, including feeding and bathing the child's fourth-Sunarti Renda.
In the end, accompanied Sunarti, Renda Sito apply to become a second wife, and Sito received. He's dynamic, active, and have maintained health, Sito said about Renda, the Kastoyo Ramelan of Gatra. The only constraint comes from the father who does not allow Sito daughter, a Muslim, married a Catholic youth. But it's not a great obstacle to Renda. He has written a litany and psalm, and the role of Jesus Christ in the crucifixion drama play Love in Luka, chose to say two sentences creed on his marriage with Sito, August 12, 1970, with witnesses and Ajip Rosidi Taufiq Ismail.
Event, no doubt, invited many cynical comments like Rendra converted to Islam only to polygamy. Against these accusations, Renda argues that his interest in Islam is already long. Especially since the preparation of staging Kasidah litany, a few months before his marriage to Sito. But a more principled reasons for Renda, because Islam can answer the key issues that continue to haunt him for this: individual freedom fully. I can worship God directly without requiring help from another. So I feel my individual rights respected, he said, quoting the Koran, which states that God is closer than one jugular vein. Still living under one roof with two wives caused Renda and accused of being publicity hungry like popularity. But he responded with only mild. Like when he entertained his colleagues from Australia Zoo's Fun Workshop, Yogyakarta. When looking at a peacock walking with two females, Renda exclaimed, laughing heartily, That Rendra! That Rendra!. Since then, the epithet attached to the Peacock until now. Of Sitoresmi, he got four children: Yonas Salya, Sarah Draupadi, Naomi Heroine, and Rachel Saraswati. The beauty of the peacock wings waved back with Ken Zuraida gain, the third wife who gave him two children: Isaias Sadewa and Mary Supraba. But the wedding will be costly because soon after the birth of Mary, Renda Sitoresmi divorce in 1979, and Sunarti soon.
Hookers, Hookers unite the city of Jakarta!


text:
Improving School Board Effectiveness A Balanced Governance Approach
Edited by Thomas L. Alsbury and Phil Gore, foreword by Willard R. Daggett
Improving School Board Effectiveness offers a clarifying and essential look at the evolving role of school boards and how they contribute to efforts to improve student learning. It examines how board members can establish effective district priorities, and it explores those board policies and actions that result in shared, districtwide commitments to heightened student achievement.
This book arises out of a critical need for a better understanding of school boards and the development of helpful tools and guidelines for school board members. At its heart is the notion of Balanced Governance, a principle that most generally "balances the authority of a superintendent to lead a school district with the necessary oversight of a locally engaged and knowledgeable board."
Improving School Board Effectiveness is a helpful and practical book that will prove indispensable for school board members, school and district administrators, and everyone with a stake in school improvement and reform.
A must-read for anyone interested in the complex challenges school boards face, especially regarding the question of how board members can contribute to the central goal of improving student outcomes. — From the foreword by Willard R. Daggett, founder and chairman, International Center for Leadership in Education
Alsbury and Gore have done an outstanding job of pulling together research that highlights how school boards matter. Their book provides practical examples for improving school governance at the local level. Improving School Board Effectiveness is an essential read for school board members, superintendents, and those working to improve public education governance. — James B. Crow, executive director, Texas Association of School Boards
Improving School Board Effectiveness is a valuable book for superintendents as well as school boards. It explores the crucial relationship between school boards and superintendents, indicating ways to build a trusting, mutually accountable partnership to advance student achievement. — Bert L'Homme, superintendent, Durham Public Schools, North Carolina
The text throughout is enhanced by useful graphics for understanding the balanced governance approach, as well as numerous assessment tools for measuring board effectiveness and goal-setting. — David Sciarretta, School Administrator
Improving School Board Effectiveness shines a light on the importance of paying attention to how school districts govern and makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the governance process. — Robert G. Smith, Teachers College Record
Thomas L. Alsbury is professor of educational leadership at Seattle Pacific University, and former school teacher, principal, and administrator. He also served as professor at Iowa State University and North Carolina State University. He currently co-directs the national University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA) Center for Research on the Superintendency and District Governance. Alsbury completed an M.Ed. in educational curriculum and instruction from the University of Washington and an Ed.D. in educational leadership and counseling psychology from Washington State University. Alsbury is listed as the foremost expert on school governance by the Associated Press; he has consulted on school governance issues in twelve countries and across the United States and is a frequent keynote speaker and presenter at school board state and national conferences and state association events. He has worked with local urban and rural school boards to evaluate and assist in improving performance. He has over fifty publications on school board and superintendent research. His 2008 book, The Future of School Board Governance: Relevance and Revelation, earned Dr. Alsbury the UCEA Culbertson Award for significant contributions to educational leadership research. Alsbury is also founder and president of Balanced Governance Solutions (www.balancedgovernancesolutions.org), an organization committed to the research, development, and training in effective school board governance.
Phil Gore, a former Seattle-area school board member, is the division director for leadership team services with the Texas Association of School Boards. He has worked with the National School Boards Association and was the Director of Leadership Development Services for the Washington School Directors' Association. During his time in Washington, Phil led a statewide initiative to develop multiple validated approaches and tools for superintendent evaluation in the state. Prior to working in school governance, Phil was a pastor and youth minister for twenty years. Phil is completing a PhD this year at the University of Washington in educational leadership and policy studies. His doctoral research focuses on the factors and sources of information that school boards consider when evaluating a superintendent. Phil has an M.Ed. in educational leadership and policy studies and a BA in management. When he is not assisting school boards and superintendents, Phil enjoys mountain climbing, kayaking, and long-distance running with his wife and children. Phil can be reached at goreph@gmail.com.
More About Improving School Board Effectiveness
Foreword by Willard R. Daggett
E-book available through online booksellers
Other books in District-Based Reform
Achieving Coherence in District Improvement
Susan Moore Johnson, Geoff Marietta, Monica C. Higgins, Karen L. Mapp, and Allen Grossman
The Redesign of Urban School Systems
Edited by Donald R. McAdams and Dan Katzir

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
All About the Andersons is an American sitcom television series that originally aired on The WB from September 12, 2003 to February 12, 2004. It was canceled after one season.

Premise
Anthony Anderson is a single father and struggling actor who moves back into his parents' house only to find that his room has been rented out to a nursing student. Upon return, he realizes why he moved out in the first place.

Cast
 Anthony Anderson as Anthony Anderson
 John Amos as Joseph "Joe" Anderson
 Roz Ryan as Florence "Flo" Anderson
 Aimee Garcia as Lydia Serrano
 Damani Roberts as Tuga Anderson

Episodes

Reception
Michael Speier of Variety was generally positive in his review of All About the Andersons, noting that it was "a routine sitcom with tried-and-true mechanisms, but there's something brewing here that feels more distinct", and praised the series' star, stating "As a leading man, Anderson is a delight." Tom Shales of The Washington Post praised the "surprisingly effective dramatic moments between Anthony Anderson as a struggling actor and John Amos as Joe, his very hard-shelled dad." Tom Jicha of Sun-Sentinel was more mixed in his assessment of the series, declaring "There's a lot to like about All About the Andersons" but also warning that "Unfortunately, the material is boilerplate sitcom..."

References

External links

2000s American black sitcoms
2003 American television series debuts
2004 American television series endings
Television series about families
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
English-language television shows
Television shows set in Los Angeles
The WB original programming


Fisher, Nicole homered to right field, RBI.
Brucelas, Emily homered to left center, RBI.
Cavazos, Stacy stole second, advanced to third on a throwing error by c.
Clark, Kristen singled to left field, RBI; Cavazos, Stacy scored.
Palomares, Arianna singled through the right side; Clark, Kristen advanced to second.
Wisdom, Shelby out at first ss to 1b, RBI; Clark, Kristen scored.
Pilpil, Kathryn singled through the left side, advanced to second on the throw; Palomares, Arianna advanced to third.
Rettinger, Micalla singled to left field.
Alcaraz, Rikki reached on catcher's interference.
Palomares, Arianna singled to second base.
Wisdom, Shelby doubled to center field; Palomares, Arianna advanced to third.
Pilpil, Kathryn singled, out at first lf to c to 2b, 2 RBI; Wisdom, Shelby scored; Palomares, Arianna scored.
Brown, Gina doubled to right center.
Brown, Gina advanced to third on a passed ball.
Buchanan, Alyssa to p for Ross, Chelsea.
Martin, Michaela to lf for Lock, Kristin.
Alcaraz, Rikki doubled to center field.
Cavazos, Stacy reached first on a throwing error by ss.
Clark, Kristen singled to third base, bunt; Cavazos, Stacy advanced to second.
Palomares, Arianna walked; Clark, Kristen advanced to second; Cavazos, Stacy advanced to third.
Moore, MeShalon reached on a fielder's choice to first base; Palomares, Arianna advanced to second; Clark, Kristen advanced to third; Cavazos, Stacy out at home 1b to c.
Wisdom, Shelby reached on a fielder's choice to second base; Moore, MeShalon advanced to second; Palomares, Arianna advanced to third; Clark, Kristen out at home 2b to c.
Pilpil, Kathryn reached first on a fielding error by ss; Wisdom, Shelby advanced to second; Moore, MeShalon advanced to third; Palomares, Arianna scored on the error, unearned.
Boser, Lauren singled to center field, advanced to second on the throw, 2 RBI; Pilpil, Kathryn advanced to second, advanced to third; Wisdom, Shelby scored, unearned; Moore, MeShalon scored, unearned.
Jeppesen, Jenessa reached first on a throwing error by p; Boser, Lauren advanced to third; Pilpil, Kathryn scored on the error, unearned.
Brucelas, Emily reached first on a fielding error by ss; Jeppesen, Jenessa advanced to second; Boser, Lauren scored on the error, unearned.
Cavazos, Stacy singled to catcher; Brucelas, Emily advanced to second; Jeppesen, Jenessa advanced to third.
Clark, Kristen singled to center field, 2 RBI; Cavazos, Stacy advanced to second; Brucelas, Emily scored, unearned; Jeppesen, Jenessa scored, unearned.
Palomares, Arianna singled through the left side, advanced to third; Clark, Kristen advanced to second, scored on the error, unearned; Cavazos, Stacy advanced to third, scored on the error, unearned.
Moore, MeShalon doubled to left center, RBI; Palomares, Arianna scored, unearned.
Brown, Gina singled to center field; Varriano, Anna advanced to second.


text:
Q: What is the build error I'm running into while working through the GAE bookshelf tutorial? For some broader context: I am wanting to move a react app that I have built and previously hosted through Firebase Hosting over to GAE to host it there so that I can connect to both my firebase and cloud postgresql databases (could not find a way to connect to cloud postgresql from my app hosted on Firebase).
Apologies in advance for the somewhat vague question, but I've run into several issues just working through the bookshelf app tutorial and have been able to work through some of the errors but have not been able to figure out the issue here:
ERROR: (gcloud.app.deploy) Error Response: [9] Cloud build eaf3e253-ee83-46d4-a640-fd7e68083a13 status: FAILURE.
Build error details: {"error":{"errorType":"BuildError","canonicalCode":"INVALID_ARGUMENT","errorId":"2BCB87EC","errorMessage":"INFO     FTL version node-v0.17.0\n
INFO     Beginning FTL build for node\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: exposed_ports None\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: cache_repository us.gcr.io/piva-primero/app-engine-tmp/build-cache/ttl-7d\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: tar_base_image_path None\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: export_cache_stats False\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: builder_output_path \"\"\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: name us.gcr.io/piva-primero/app-engine-tmp/app/ttl-2h:55db4aec-8e29-42ea-bea3-c457808a429c\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: ttl 168\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: global_cache False\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: cache True\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: upload True\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: sh_c_prefix False\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: fail_on_error True\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: base us.gcr.io/gae-runtimes/nodejs10:nodejs10_20191019_10_16_3_RC00\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: output_path None\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: cache_key_version v0.17.0\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: cache_salt \n
INFO     FTL arg passed: directory /workspace\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: entrypoint None\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: additional_directory /.gaeconfig\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: destination_path /srv\n
INFO     FTL arg passed: verbosity NOTSET\n
INFO     starting: full build\n
INFO     starting: builder initialization\n
INFO     Loading Docker credentials for repository 'us.gcr.io/gae-runtimes/nodejs10:nodejs10_20191019_10_16_3_RC00'\n
INFO     Loading Docker credentials for repository 'us.gcr.io/piva-primero/app-engine-tmp/app/ttl-2h:55db4aec-8e29-42ea-bea3-c457808a429c'\n
INFO     builder initialization took 0 seconds\n
INFO     starting: build process for FTL image\n
INFO     starting: rm_node_modules\n
INFO     rm_node_modules rm -rf /workspace/node_modules\n
INFO     `rm_node_modules` stdout:\n\n
INFO     rm_node_modules took 0 seconds\n
INFO     using descriptor:package-lock.json\n
INFO     using descriptor:package.json\n
INFO     starting: checking_cached_packages_json_layer\nDEBUG    Checking cache for cache_key ddd19bc8f86cc8fedfd69dfce5aac6d21a6e2024dec42d6d3a96af6fc7a78dbd\n
INFO     No cached base image found for entry: us.gcr.io/piva-primero/app-engine-tmp/build-cache/ttl-7d/node-cache:ddd19bc8f86cc8fedfd69dfce5aac6d21a6e2024dec42d6d3a96af6fc7a78dbd.\n
INFO     Cache miss on local cache for us.gcr.io/piva-primero/app-engine-tmp/build-cache/ttl-7d/node-cache:ddd19bc8f86cc8fedfd69dfce5aac6d21a6e2024dec42d6d3a96af6fc7a78dbd\n
INFO     No cached dependency layer for ddd19bc8f86cc8fedfd69dfce5aac6d21a6e2024dec42d6d3a96af6fc7a78dbd\n
INFO     [CACHE][MISS] v0.17.0:NODE-\u003eddd19bc8f86cc8fedfd69dfce5aac6d21a6e2024dec42d6d3a96af6fc7a78dbd\n
INFO     checking_cached_packages_json_layer took 0 seconds\n
INFO     starting: building_packages_json_layer\n
INFO     starting: npm_install\n
INFO     npm_install npm install --production\n
INFO     `npm_install` stdout:\n\n\u
003e grpc@1.7.3 install /workspace/node_modules/@google-cloud/video-intelligence/node_modules/grpc\n\u
003e node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build --library=static_library\n\n
make: Entering directory '/workspace/node_modules/@google-cloud/video-intelligence/node_modules/grpc/build'\n
make: Entering directory '/workspace/node_modules/@google-cloud/video-intelligence/node_modules/grpc/build'\n
  CC(target) Release/obj.target/grpc/deps/grpc/src/core/lib/surface/init.o\n
  CC(target) Release/obj.target/grpc/deps/grpc/src/core/lib/surface/init.o\n
grpc.target.mk:405: recipe for target 'Release/obj.target/grpc/deps/grpc/src/core/lib/surface/init.o' failed\n
make: Leaving directory '/workspace/node_modules/@google-cloud/video-intelligence/node_modules/grpc/build'\n
  CC(target) Release/obj.target/grpc/deps/grpc/src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.o\n
Failed to execute '/usr/bin/node /usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js build --fallback-to-build --library=static_library --module=/workspace/node_modules/@google-cloud/video-intelligence/node_modules/grpc/src/node/extension_binary/node-v64-linux-x64-glibc/grpc_node.node --modul.

I'm trying to run the tutorial code on my machine. I've been able to successfully deploy a different app in another project but have had some real trouble with this one. Any tips for resolving this error would be very helpful.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Islands Disappear by Said The Whale, released 13 October 1. Dear Elkhorn 2. Out on the Shield 3. B.C. Orienteering 4. Camilo (The Magician) 5. Emerald. Islands Disappear Lyrics: Here, on the raincoast / The wind blows / Waves cold / High tide / Rise and disappear / Islands disappear / Here, on the treeline. Islands Disappear is Said the Whale's second full-length album. It was released on October 13, Music videos for some of the songs have been made and Reception - Track listing.
Find a Said The Whale - Islands Disappear first pressing or reissue. Complete your Said The Whale collection. Shop Vinyl and CDs. 9 Dec - 2 min - Uploaded by Jonathan Hers Said The Whale's song of Islands Disappear. Hey, couldn't find this song so I made it my self. Lyrics to "Islands Disappear" song by Said The Whale: Here on the raincoast The wind blows, waves cold High tide Rise and disappear Islands disappear Her.
10 Dec reviewed by Michael I'm so pleased that I can bring out more blog posts now that I have a little bit more free time. Yesterday, Said the Whale. release from this Canadian outfit led by songwriters Ben Worcester and Tyler Bancroft. The pair's debut EP, Taking Abalonia, featured sunny West Coast . 16 Aug 1 - The Gift of a Black Heart. [MusicBrainz (recording)]. Artist Said The Whale. ArtistUrl helpyoubuyhomes.com Islands Disappear, an Album by Said the Whale. Released October 13, on ( catalog no. Q2 ; CD). Genres: Indie Rock. Featured peformers: Ben. 10 Jan Yet the authenticity which Islands Disappear attains is another matter. Said The Whale demonstrate with razor-sharp efficiency that they are not.


text:
Miss Barbados World beauty pageant selects representatives for the Miss World pageant from Barbados.

Organization
The current Miss Barbados World Pageant  franchise holder is Stephanie Chase. Before that the Franchise holder was Cortez Blacket, Stephanie Chase herself is a former Miss Barbados 2001 who won the talent portion at the Miss World contest in South Africa that year and later a five-year record contract. As of 2011, Stephanie Chase handed over the Miss Barbados World franchise to Leah Marville.

Notable finishes
To date, the only Miss Barbados winner who has  become a 'top ten finalist' in the Miss World pageant was Linda Yvonne Fields, who was placed eighth over-all in the 1974 Miss World Contest held at Royal Albert Hall, London, England. Since then, the only Miss Barbados who has been was predicted/projected to place at Miss World was the  2009 Miss Barbados title holder, Leah Marville.

In 2004 Kennifer Marius was placed 3rd in the Talent Competition behind Antigua and Barbuda, and China.

Stephanie Chase, Miss Barbados World 2001, won the first inaugural Miss World Talent Award. This led to Ms. Chase  receiving a five-year contract from AMI/ Sony CEO Eliot Cohen. She recorded in the United Kingdom. A UK tour also followed in 2003.

Titleholders

See also
 Miss Universe Barbados
 Barbados at major beauty pageants

References

External links
www.missbarbadosworld.com
Pageant Almanac for the list of titleholders

Barbados
Barbados
1974 establishments in Barbados
Barbadian awards


text:
Q: How to send empty mail with phpailer How can i send empty mail with phpmailer i.e. with only attachment files and empty body?
I have send mail with empty $mail->Body="" but mail could not be sent it says 'Message body empty' although i have attached a file.

A: Before sending a message with an empty body, set AllowEmpty to true (see source code function preSend):
$mail = new PHPMailer();
$mail->AllowEmpty = true;


On the hunt for your next Kia vehicle? You're in the right place! As your Philadelphia Kia dealership, we at Sussman Kia have everything you need to find, finance, and service your next new or used Kia vehicle right on-site.
On this page, you'll find more information about our Kia inventory, our friendly finance team, and our convenient, on-site service center. Let's get started by taking a look at the many quality Kia vehicles we have to offer!
We pride ourselves on keeping our inventory stocked with a wide selection of Kia vehicles, so you have all the choices you need to find exactly what you're looking for. We offer dozens of new Kia vehicles in all shapes and sizes including all of the newest and most popular models including the 2019 Kia Forte, the 2019 Kia Optima, the 2019 Kia Sorento, the 2019 Kia Sportage, and more.
Thinking about making your next vehicle a used Kia vehicle? No problem! We also carry a wide variety of quality pre-owned Kia vehicles on-site. No matter what you're looking for, we're confident that we have the Kia model for you.
After you have your next Kia vehicle picked out, you'll get to meet with our finance team. They'll sit down with you to go over your various payment options. In our finance center, we proudly offer a variety of Kia loan options and Kia lease deals. Regardless of your budget or lifestyle, our Kia finance team is ready to work with you to put together a payment plan that meets your personal finance needs.
Even after you drive off the lot in your next Kia vehicle, you can count on us to be here for you when you need maintenance or repairs. At our on-site Kia service center, you'll find a team of expertly trained service technicians that can take care of anything from a routine oil change to full-on collision repairs. Even if you'd rather do your own maintenance, we have you covered with our on-site parts center.
Explore all of Philadelphia in your Kia including its many historical sites like Independence Hall, Eastern State Penitentiary, and the Betsy Ross House. On a nice day, head over to the Philadelphia Zoo or to Penn's Landing to take in the beautiful sites of the Delaware River. Don't forget to grab an authentic cheesesteak at Pat's or Geno's.
Visit Your Philadelphia Kia Dealership!
Get the ball rolling with us today by browsing our Kia inventory right on our website. When you find something you can see yourself in, contact us to schedule a test drive!


With a large percentage of us working full-time, it seems remarkably difficult to envision ourselves fitting in 150 minutes of physical exercise per week as recommended by the Chief Medical Office (CMO). Researchers from Indiana University in the States, however, have recently published promising new findings that attempt to resolve this issue. Soon, after leaving the office at 4.30pm on Friday afternoon after a notoriously busy week, will our guilty consciences be cleaner? Kenny Brackstone at EDGE HQ reports.
Put quite simply, the active workstation allows employees to work at their desk whilst being active - normally either by walking or cycling. The general idea of the active workstation is to increase the amount of physical activity that a person does throughout the day and decrease the amount of sedentary activities while at work. And unlike other exercise interventions put in place by organizations, it does not even require individuals to leave their desks (well, apart from to make coffee or use the toilet, of course).
The studies that have been published so far are generally positive regarding the effects of active workstations and health. For example, employees who were equipped with walking workstations took on average of 2000 more steps per day, equivalent to 100 calories (Thompson, 2008). Further, workers who were equipped with pedalling workstations tended to use these around 60% of working days, pedalling on average about 25 minutes per workday used (Carr, Walaska, & Marcus, 2002). Overall, the research indicates that active workstations increase daily activity, and that employees are more than willing to use them – at least, in the short term.
In a more recent study, researchers from Indiana University set out to learn more about what active workstations do for people psychologically. In the study, 180 students were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (1) seated, (2) standing, (3) cycling, and (4) walking. Participants spent 35 minutes completing computer tasks in their assigned condition. These consisted of web-based search tasks requiring participants to type out written responses. Upon completion of the tasks, participants completed post-study survey measures of mood and attitudes. The researchers expected that the use of active workstations would result in higher levels of psychological arousal (i.e., feelings of activation and reactivity), reduced feelings of boredom, and lower levels of self-reported task stress (and increased satisfaction). They also assessed performance levels of the designated task.
Their results demonstrated general support for the benefits of walking workstations, whereby participants reported higher satisfaction and arousal, and less boredom and task-related stress compared to the passive conditions (i.e., seated and standing). Most importantly, they found that participants in the walking workstation did not make any more errors than those in the passive conditions. Overall, it seemed that the walking workstation did not decrease task performance. Cycling workstations, however, was related to reduced satisfaction and task performance when compared to the other conditions. The researchers suggested that this may have been due to the fact that arms often have trouble remaining independent during leg-cycling movement (e.g., Balter & Zehr, 2007). This may have contributed to the participants' commonly reported feelings of awkwardness whilst trying to complete the tasks.
The study suggests that the active workstation – particularly walking workstations – holds benefits that go way beyond physical health. Rather, they also have short-term psychological benefits, and task-performance tends to be unaffected. The researchers dictated that walking workstations could be incorporated into organizations as a worker health intervention. However, they suggested that rather than providing a walking station for every employee, a "sharing" program might be a more efficient and cost-effective option, in which several community workstations are available for use and employees take it in turns to complete tasks throughout the day.
Sliter, M., & Yuan, Z. Workout at work: Laboratory test of psychological and performance outcomes of active workstations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20, 259-271.


text:
» The perfect motorized mix
The perfect motorized mix
Forest Service searches for answers to snowmobile dilemma
SideStory: Big plans for Big Molas
Members of the Silverton Snowmobile Club depart from Big Molas Lake for a group ride Saturday. The Forest Service is currently working to relax tensions between motorized and quiet users at Molas Pass and throughout the San Juan National Forest./Photo by Todd Newcomer.
by Will Sands
Long popular among skiers and snowmobiles, the Molas Pass area has staged everything from bitter lawsuits to threats from shotguns. However, the Forest Service is hoping to end tensions between motorized and quiet users at Molas and throughout the San Juan National Forest. The agency is in the midst of a long-term planning effort and expects big changes in the motorized picture.
The conflict between skiers and snowmobiles has heated up in recent years. In part, an explosion in snowmobiling is responsible. More than 2.6 million snowmobile registrations were filed in North America this winter, according to the International Snowmobile Manufacturers Association, and bigger and burlier machines are venturing further into the backcountry throughout the San Juan Mountains.
Over the last year, three separate groups on all sides of the San Juans have petitioned the Forest Service to sanction certain areas as off-limits to snowmobiles. One of these efforts was nearly 1,000 signatures strong and called on the Forest Service to enhance the skiing and snowshoeing experience on Molas Pass. At the same time, groups like the Silverton Snowmobile Club counter that motorized users are being treated unfairly and pushed into a corner.
In response, the San Juan National Forest is trying to take a broad view of over-the-snow travel in the San Juan Mountains. The agency hopes to address the needs of both quiet and motorized recreation and is optimistic that each will leave the table with something to show for the effort.
While Molas Pass, along with many of the other highway passes in the San
Juans, stages many of the visible conflicts between skiers and snowmobiles, the Forest Service is revising its travel management policies on all 1.9 million acres of the San Juan National Forest. In addition, policies on 800,000 acres of Bureau of Land Management land are also being revisited.
"We're looking at travel management throughout the whole planning area," explained
Dave Baker, San Juan Public Lands recreation program leader. "We're hoping to make some sweeping decisions on which areas should be closed to motorized use and which should be open."
Baker added that the agencies are essentially starting over with a blank slate. The main criteria for success of the planning effort is that users' needs are met.
"Everything's on the table because we're revising the plan," Baker commented. "It's all in spin. But we're trying to be consistent and meet the needs of each user group."
Jeramiah Paylor returns to the parking lot at Molas Pass after a day earning his turns in the backcountry./Photo by Todd Newcomer.
Meeting the needs of different types of recreation does not mean that every group will get exactly what it wants, Baker stressed. He said that the process is going forward in a spirit of collaboration, and that he expects users to be willing to give things up as well as make push for gains, saying, "Collaboration doesn't mean everyone gets exactly what they want."
Based on early feedback, several users are confident that the collaborative effort will pay off. Recently, Jon Krueger and Todd Brodbeck took over El Diablo Cat Skiing operation at Molas Pass and started Ice Pirates Snowmobile Tours. Krueger said he is eager to see some changes in the management of the Molas Pass area and hopes the Forest Service can allocate more space to accommodate different forms of recreation.
"The Forest Service is doing the right thing," he said. "Every user up here needs more space, and every one needs to give a little bit. There needs to be compromise."
Krueger noted that he and Brodbeck are eager to see a more peaceful situation on Molas and other places in the San Juans where motorized tensions have flared up.
"Let's resolve the conflicts," he said. "They call it the sandbox up here for obvious reasons. The kids are starting to throw sand at each other. The sandbox needs to be bigger."
Durango resident Joe Griffith could be characterized as a player in the sandbox. He initiated the petition calling for the Forest Service to designate a bigger piece of the Molas Pass area as nonmotorized. Like Krueger, Griffith has high hopes for the Forest Service planning effort and is eager to collaborate.
"I think the success of the effort will all depend on some public meetings happening and getting us all in the room to talk about these things," he said. "The important piece is for the skiers, snowshoers and quiet users to show up and state their needs."
And Griffith said that he is optimistic that the Forest Service will generate a good solution for Molas Pass and the entire San Juan National Forest.
"It's not like anyone is really getting squeezed," he said. "I think everyone will wind up with plenty of area to play with."
On the flip side, the snowmobiling community remains skeptical. Although she could not be reached for this story, Laura Alsup, secretary and treasurer for the Silverton Snowmobile Club, offered comments about the planning effort in late January.
"We meet with the Forest Service, I don't know how often," she said at the time. "Nothing ever changes. If there are no other options, we'll have another meeting. But the Forest Service already knows what we're looking for."
Regardless, the agency is hopeful that all users, whether they are motorized or human powered, will find a way to get along in the San Juans. The San Juan National Forest expects to release of a draft of the new plan sometime in 2006. In the meantime, the agency will present some broad brushstrokes to the public in April.
"We want to present alternatives and go to the public in April," Baker said in closing. "We want to know up front if we're on track or missing the boat."


A vast selection of large and small wood carvings from the Ashanti, Ga, Senufo, Baule, Dogon, dozens more African groups. African sculpture takes many forms and offers us great insights into the various cultures. Large conical heads, short tubular bodies, exaggerated faces and bodies, simplified faces with triangular jaws, etc. Much of the wood sculptures found in Africa today are replicas of ancient mask and figurines.


text:
Exploring the History of Forest Park Aquatic Center Through the Eyes of Longtime Volunteer, Doug Church (Part 2)
How a network of committed volunteers saved the FPAC pool
"The NASTI's had been practicing at the pool for years," says Church. "We decided we could not let them do away with our community pool."
Determined to save their beloved pool, Church, along with other members of the swimming community, created the non-profit group, FOCP, with the hopes they might take over the care and keeping of the pool. FOCP requested that the city and the county assign them the lease to the pool, and they agreed.
"During this time, we were also trying to raise money because the pool had deteriorated," shares Church. "There were no new amenities and the management at the time did not do a great job of keeping the pool safe and clean."
From January to May 1998, FOCP worked hard to better the pool at Forest Park. With the money they had raised, FOCP were able to install a new drainage and return system, skylights in the bathhouse, and a water slide at the pool. They cleaned up the locker rooms and made an arrangement with the police department to control safety around the pool.
"We have been operating the pool for 22 years since 1998," says Church. "It has been a labor of love to continue to upgrade and improve FPAC."
Today, FOCP continues to manage FPAC thanks to the hard work of its board and committee members. They open and close the pool each summer, provide routine maintenance during FPAC's outdoor season, and host several fundraising events throughout the year, such as the annual Brewfest fundraiser.
"The only reason the pool is able to operate today is due to the volunteer commitment of all who use the pool," shares Church.
With grants from the City of Noblesville, FOCP was recently able to add new amenities to the pool, such as a splash pad, a zero-entry kiddie pool, a new office building, locker rooms, and a concession stand, and major improvements to the diving well and competition pool.
"We are always thinking of new ways to make the pool friendly, safe, clean, and upgraded," says Church. "We like to make sure it's getting the broadest possible use during the outdoor months. For many in our community, this is their only accessible amenity.
"There are big plans in store for FPAC, including the future development of a learn-to-swim program, free for Noblesville residents. Church explains he wants residents to take advantage of FPAC, as it serves as a major asset to the community."
It's bittersweet to say, but FPAC is a hidden gem in our community," says Church. "We want more people to know about FPAC, as it is such a unique amenity here in Noblesville."


A pretty pink and teal hot air balloon baby shower invitation for a girl baby shower. A lovely invitation design with a light teal blue background sky with light rays from behind the hot air balloon and white fluffy clouds. The main focus of the invitation are the two pink hot air balloons and the bunting hanging from the balloon across the invitation in pink and teal blue.