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Who All Was Involved In The Underground Railroad? (Question)
8 Key Contributors to the Underground Railroad
Isaac Hopper. Abolitionist Isaac Hopper.
John Brown. Abolitionist John Brown, c.
Harriet Tubman.
Thomas Garrett.
William Still.
Levi Coffin.
Elijah Anderson.
Thaddeus Stevens.
The work of the Underground Railroad involved a network of white abolitionists, dedicated slaves like Gragston and free African Americans such as William Still of Philadelphia.
Who else worked on the Underground Railroad?
The Underground Railroad had many notable participants, including John Fairfield in Ohio, the son of a slaveholding family, who made many daring rescues, Levi Coffin, a Quaker who assisted more than 3,000 slaves, and Harriet Tubman, who made 19 trips into the South and escorted over 300 slaves to freedom.
Who was involved in the Underground Railroad and how it was organized?
In the early 1800s, Quaker abolitionist Isaac T. Hopper set up a network in Philadelphia that helped enslaved people on the run. At the same time, Quakers in North Carolina established abolitionist groups that laid the groundwork for routes and shelters for escapees.
Who is most associated with the Underground Railroad?
Harriet Tubman is perhaps the best-known figure related to the underground railroad. She made by some accounts 19 or more rescue trips to the south and helped more than 300 people escape slavery.
Does the Underground Railroad still exist?
It includes four buildings, two of which were used by Harriet Tubman. Ashtabula County had over thirty known Underground Railroad stations, or safehouses, and many more conductors. Nearly two-thirds of those sites still stand today.
Who ended slavery?
In 1862, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation declaring "all persons held as slaves… shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free," effective January 1, 1863. It was not until the ratification of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, in 1865, that slavery was formally abolished ( here ).
Were there tunnels in the Underground Railroad?
Contrary to popular belief, the Underground Railroad was not a series of underground tunnels. While some people did have secret rooms in their houses or carriages, the vast majority of the Underground Railroad involved people secretly helping people running away from slavery however they could.
What role did the Underground Railroad play?
The Underground Railroad provided hiding places, food, and often transportation for the fugitives who were trying to escape slavery. Along the way, people also provided directions for the safest way to get further north on the dangerous journey to freedom.
How many slaves were caught on the Underground Railroad?
According to some estimates, between 1810 and 1850, the Underground Railroad helped to guide one hundred thousand enslaved people to freedom.
Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) published more than 30 books, but it was her best-selling anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin that catapulted her to international celebrity and secured her place in history.
Who was John Brown in history?
John Brown, (born May 9, 1800, Torrington, Connecticut, U.S.—died December 2, 1859, Charles Town, Virginia [now in West Virginia]), militant American abolitionist whose raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now in West Virginia), in 1859 made him a martyr to the antislavery cause and was instrumental
Who was in the abolitionist movement?
The abolitionist movement was the social and political effort to end slavery everywhere. Fueled in part by religious fervor, the movement was led by people like Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth and John Brown.
What did Frederick Douglass do?
Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave who became a prominent activist, author and public speaker. He became a leader in the abolitionist movement, which sought to end the practice of slavery, before and during the Civil War.
The Underground Railroad, a vast network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to the North and to Canada, was not run by any single organization or person. Rather, it consisted of many individuals – many whites but predominently black – who knew only of the local efforts to aid fugitives and not of the overall operation. Still, it effectively moved hundreds of slaves northward each year – according to one estimate,the South lost 100,000 slaves between 1810 and 1850. An organized system to assist runaway slaves seems to have begun towards the end of the 18th century. In 1786 George Washington complained about how one of his runaway slaves was helped by a "society of Quakers, formed for such purposes." The system grew, and around 1831 it was dubbed "The Underground Railroad," after the then emerging steam railroads. The system even used terms used in railroading: the homes and businesses where fugitives would rest and eat were called "stations" and "depots" and were run by "stationmasters," those who contributed money or goods were "stockholders," and the "conductor" was responsible for moving fugitives from one station to the next.For the slave, running away to the North was anything but easy. The first step was to escape from the slaveholder. For many slaves, this meant relying on his or her own resources. Sometimes a "conductor," posing as a slave, would enter a plantation and then guide the runaways northward. The fugitives would move at night. They would generally travel between 10 and 20 miles to the next station, where they would rest and eat, hiding in barns and other out-of-the-way places. While they waited, a message would be sent to the next station to alert its stationmaster.The fugitives would also travel by train and boat – conveyances that sometimes had to be paid for. Money was also needed to improve the appearance of the runaways – a black man, woman, or child in tattered clothes would invariably attract suspicious eyes. This money was donated by individuals and also raised by various groups, including vigilance committees.Vigilance committees sprang up in the larger towns and cities of the North, most prominently in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. In addition to soliciting money, the organizations provided food, lodging and money, and helped the fugitives settle into a community by helping them find jobs and providing letters of recommendation.The Underground Railroad had many notable participants, including John Fairfield in Ohio, the son of a slaveholding family, who made many daring rescues, Levi Coffin, a Quaker who assisted more than 3,000 slaves, and Harriet Tubman, who made 19 trips into the South and escorted over 300 slaves to freedom.
SS.8.13.Explain the powers and duties of individuals, political parties, and the media in a range of governmental and nonprofit organizations, including the United Nations. skills for the twenty-first century SS.8.19.Explain how immigration and migration were influenced by push and pull influences in early American history; and In larger historical settings, examine the relationships and linkages between early American historical events and developments. Explain how and why the dominant social, cultural, and political attitudes evolved during the early history of the United States.
The Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Constitution, Washington's Farewell Address, the Louisiana Purchase Treaty with France, the Monroe Doctrine, the Indian Removal Act, the Missouri Compromise, Dred Scott v.
Between 1830 and 1850, Stephen Myers rose to prominence as the most significant leader of a local underground railroad organization that spanned the United States and the world. Other notable persons came and left during this time period, but Myers remained in Albany the entire time. Stephen Myers is without a doubt responsible for assisting thousands of people to travel via Albany on the subterranean railroad to locations west, north, and east. First, in the early 1840s, he relied on his personal resources and those of the Northern Star Association, which he chaired and was responsible for publishing the publication of his journal.
Some people considered the Albany branch of the underground railroad to be the best-run section of the railroad in the entire state when it was under his direction.
Throughout his life, he worked as a grocer and a steamboat steward, but it was in 1842 that he began his journalistic career.
He was a strong advocate for anti-slavery activism as well as for the rights of African Americans in the United States.
He writes on temperance, the rights of African Americans, the necessity of abolishing slavery, and a variety of other topics in its pages.
It is from Garland Penn's book The Afro-American Press and Its Editors that the photograph of Stephen Meyers that is used to accompany this text was taken.
Several pieces of information on him may also be found in the notes offered to one of the essays made by him that was published in The Black Abolitionist Papers, volume 3, edited by C.
The Albany Evening Times published an article on Monday, February 14, 1870, in the evening.
This man, who was the oldest and most renowned of our colored inhabitants, passed away in the early hours of yesterday morning, at the age of eighty-one.
Myers has been eventful, since he has lived through the majority of the most important epochs in the history of our country.
He also worked as a steward on certain North River steamboats for a period of time during the early part of the twentieth century, which was a very significant role in those days.
He was a well-known figure among his race, having worked as an agent for the "Underground Railroad" before the war.
Years ago, he was THE representation of them in their dealings with the leaders of this state.
Mr. Myers was a devout Christian who died as a witness to the religion that he had lived. Wednesday afternoon's burial will take place at the A M. E. Church on Hamilton Street.
Eastern Illinois University : Teaching with Primary Sources
However, many of the intriguing and lesser known elements of the Underground Railroad are not included in many textbooks, despite the fact that it is an essential part of our nation's history. It is intended that this booklet will serve as a window into the past by presenting a number of original documents pertaining to the Underground Railroad. Broadsides, prize posters, newspaper clippings, historical records, sheet music, pictures, and memoirs connected to the Underground Railroad are among the primary sources included in this collection.
The Underground Railroad was a covert structure established to assist fugitive slaves on their journey to freedom in the United States.
As a result, secret codes were developed to aid in the protection of themselves and their purpose.
Runaway slaves were referred to as cargo, and the free persons who assisted them on their journey to freedom were referred to as conductors.
These stations would be identified by a lantern that was lighted and hung outside.
A Dangerous Path to Freedom
Traveling through the Underground Railroad to seek their freedom was a lengthy and risky trek for escaped slaves. Runaway slaves were forced to travel long distances, sometimes on foot, in a short amount of time in order to escape. They accomplished this while surviving on little or no food and with little protection from the slave hunters who were rushing after them in the night. Slave owners were not the only ones who sought for and apprehended fleeing slaves. For the purpose of encouraging people to aid in the capture of these slaves, their owners would post reward posters offering monetary compensation for assisting in the capture of their property.
Numerous arrested fugitive slaves were beaten, branded, imprisoned, sold back into slavery, or sometimes killed once they were apprehended.
They would have to fend off creatures that wanted to kill and devour them while trekking for lengthy periods of time in the wilderness, as well as cross dangerous terrain and endure extreme temperatures.
The Fleeing Slave Law of 1850 permitted and promoted the arrest of fugitive slaves since they were regarded as stolen property rather than mistreated human beings under the law at the time.
They would not be able to achieve safety and freedom until they crossed the border into Canada.
Aside from that, there were Underground Railroad routes that ran south, on their way to Mexico and the Caribbean.
He was kidnapped from his northern abode, arrested, and prosecuted in Boston, Massachusetts, under the provisions of this legislation.
After the trial, Burns was returned to the harshness of the southern states, from which he had thought he had fled.
See also: How Did Harriet Tubman Go To The Underground Railroad? (TOP 5 Tips)
American Memory and America's Library are two names for the Library of Congress' American Memory and America's Library collections.
He did not escape via the Underground Railroad, but rather on a regular railroad.
Since he was a fugitive slave who did not have any "free papers," he had to borrow a seaman's protection certificate, which indicated that a seaman was a citizen of the United States, in order to prove that he was free.
Unfortunately, not all fugitive slaves were successful in their quest for freedom.
Harriet Tubman, Henry Bibb, Anthony Burns, Addison White, Josiah Henson, and John Parker were just a few of the people who managed to escape slavery using the Underground Railroad system.
He shipped himself from Richmond, Virginia, to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in a box that measured three feet long, two and a half feet deep, and two feet in diameter. When he was finally let out of the crate, he burst out singing.
ConductorsAbolitionists
Train conductors on the Underground Railroad were free persons who provided assistance to escaped slaves moving via the Underground Railroad system. Runaway slaves were assisted by conductors, who provided them with safe transportation to and from train stations. They were able to accomplish this under the cover of darkness, with slave hunters on their tails. Many of these stations would be in the comfort of their own homes or places of work, which was convenient. They were in severe danger as a result of their actions in hiding fleeing slaves; nonetheless, they continued because they believed in a cause bigger than themselves, which was the liberation thousands of oppressed human beings.
They represented a diverse range of ethnicities, vocations, and socioeconomic backgrounds.
Due to the widespread belief that slaves were considered property, the freeing of slaves was perceived as a theft of slave owners' personal belongings.
Captain Jonathan Walker was apprehended off the coast of Florida while attempting to convey slaves from the United States to freedom in the Bahamas.
With the following words from one of his songs, abolitionist poet John Whittier paid respect to Walker's valiant actions: "Take a step forward with your muscular right hand, brave ploughman of the sea!
She never lost sight of any of them during the journey.
He went on to write a novel.
John Parker is yet another former slave who escaped and returned to slave states in order to aid in the emancipation of others.
Rankin's neighbor and fellow conductor, Reverend John Rankin, was a collaborator in the Underground Railroad project.
The Underground Railroad's conductors were unquestionably anti-slavery, and they were not alone in their views.
Individuals such as William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur and Lewis Tappan founded the American Anti-Slavery Society, which marked the beginning of the abolitionist movement.
The group published an annual almanac that featured poetry, paintings, essays, and other abolitionist material.
Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave who rose to prominence as an abolitionist after escaping from slavery.
His other abolitionist publications included the Frederick Douglass Paper, which he produced in addition to delivering public addresses on themes that were important to abolitionists.
Anthony was another well-known abolitionist who advocated for the abolition of slavery via her speeches and writings.
For the most part, she based her novel on the adventures of escaped slave Josiah Henson.
Efforts of Abolitionists Telling Their Story:Fugitive Slave Narratives
Henry Bibb was born into slavery in Kentucky in the year 1815, and he was the son of a slave owner. After several failed efforts to emancipate himself from slavery, he maintained the strength and persistence to continue his struggle for freedom despite being captured and imprisoned numerous times. His determination paid off when he was able to successfully escape to the northern states and then on to Canada with the assistance of the Underground Railroad, which had been highly anticipated. The following is an excerpt from his tale, in which he detailed one of his numerous escapes and the difficulties he faced as a result of his efforts.
I began making preparations for the potentially lethal experiment of breading the shackles that tied me as a slave as soon as the clock struck twelve.
On the twenty-fifth of December, 1837, the long-awaited day had finally arrived when I would put into effect my previous determination, which was to flee for Liberty or accept death as a slave, as I had previously stated.
It took every ounce of moral strength I have to keep my emotions under control as I said goodbye to my small family.
Despite the fact that every incentive was extended to me in order to flee if I want to be free, and the call of liberty was booming in my own spirit, 'Be free, oh, man!
I was up against a slew of hurdles that had gathered around my mind, attempting to bind my wounded soul, which was still imprisoned in the dark prison of mental degeneration.
Furthermore, the danger of being killed or arrested and deported to the far South, where I would be forced to spend the rest of my days in hopeless bondage on a cotton or sugar plantation, all conspired to discourage me.
The moment has come for me to follow through on my commitment.
This marked the beginning of the construction of what was known as the underground rail route to Canada.
For nearly forty-eight hours, I pushed myself to complete my journey without food or rest, battling against external difficulties that no one who has never experienced them can comprehend: "not knowing when I might be captured while traveling among strangers, through cold and fear, braving the north winds while wearing only a thin layer of clothing, pelted by snow storms through the dark hours of the night, and not a single house in which I could enter to protect me from the storm." This is merely one of several accounts penned by runaway slaves who were on the run from their masters.
Sojourner Truth was another former slave who became well-known for her work to bring slavery to an end.
Green and many others, including Josiah Henson, authored autobiographies in which they described their own personal experiences.
Perhaps a large number of escaped slaves opted to write down their experiences in order to assist people better comprehend their struggles and tribulations; or perhaps they did so in order to help folks learn from the mistakes of the past in order to create a better future for themselves.
Civil War on the Western Border: The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1854-1865
He was born into slavery in Kentucky in the year 1815, and he was the son of a slave owner named Henry Bibb. After several failed efforts to emancipate himself from slavery, he maintained the strength and persistence to continue his struggle for freedom despite being captured and imprisoned multiple times. It was only through his determination that he was able to successfully escape to the northern states and then to Canada with the help of the Underground Railroad, a feat that had been highly anticipated.
For my own personal liberty, I made a decision somewhere during the autumn or winter of 1837 that I would try to flee to Canada if at all feasible." Immediately after, I began preparing for the potentially lethal experiment of breading the chains that kept me a prisoner in my own home.
I also purchased a suit that I had never worn or been seen in before, in order to escape discovery.
It was the twenty-fifth of December, 1837.
My moral bravery was tested to the limit when I left my small family and tried to keep my emotions under wraps at all times.
No matter how many opportunities were presented to me to flee if I wanted to be free, and the call of liberty was booming in my own spirit, 'Be free!
A thousand barriers had formed around my mind, attempting to bind my wounded spirit, which was still imprisoned in the dark dungeon of mental degradation.
It was difficult to break free from my deep bonds to friends and relatives, as well as the love of home and birthplace that is so natural among the human family, which were entwined around my heart and made it difficult to go forward.
But I'd calculated the cost and was completely prepared to make the sacrifice before I started the process.
If I don't want to be a slave, I'll have to abandon friends and neighbors, along with my wife and child." I was given something to eat by these gracious folks, who then set me on my way to Canada on the advise of a buddy who had met me along the road." This marked the beginning of the construction of what was referred to be the underground rail track from the United States to the Canadian continent.
In the morning, I walked with bold courage, trusting in the arm of Omnipotence; by night, I was guided by the unchangeable North Star, and inspired by the elevated thought that I was fleeing from a land of slavery and oppression, waving goodbye to handcuffs, whips, thumb-screws, and chains, and that I was on my way to freedom.
I continued my journey vigorously for nearly forty-eight hours without food or rest, battling against external difficulties that no one who has never experienced them can comprehend: not knowing when I might be captured while traveling among strangers, through cold and fear, braving the north winds while wearing only a thin layer of clothing, being pelted by snow storms through the dark hours of the night, and not being able to find a house in which to take shelter from the storm." Among the countless accounts recorded by escaped slaves is this one, which is only one example.
Sojourner Truth, a former slave who became well-known for her efforts to bring slavery to an end, was another person who came from a slave background.
Green and many others, including Josiah Henson, authored autobiographies in which they described their own personal journeys.
The writing down of one's experiences by so many escaped slaves may have been done in order to assist people better comprehend their struggles and tribulations; or it may have been done in order to help individuals learn from their mistakes in the aim of building a brighter future.
The Underground Railroad, also known as the Freedom or Gospel Train
Cargo, passengers, or luggage: fugitives from justice
The StationorDepot is a safe haven for fugitives from slavery. A person who escorted fugitive slaves between stations was known as a conductor, engineer, agent, or shepherd. The term "stationmaster" refers to someone who oversaw a station and assisted runaways along their path. shareholder or stockholder: an abolitionist who made financial donations to the Underground Railroad during the American Civil War
See also: What Was The Most Common Way People Traveled On The Underground Railroad By Transportation? (Correct answer)
Conductors from Kansas may easily cross the border into Missouri in order to establish contact with suspected runaway passengers. During the war, slaves residing in Missouri, which was so near to the free state of Kansas, were especially enticed to utilize the Underground Railroad to cross the border into the free state of Kansas to escape. Despite the fact that he did not know exact ways into Kansas, one African-American man expressed his confidence in his ability to reach Lawrence, a town around 40 miles from the state line and home to "the Yankees," which means "the Yankees are waiting for you." Conductors frequently provided fugitives with clothing and food for their excursions, and even did it at their own expense on occasion.
Due to the possibility of being questioned by pursuers, several conductors preferred not to know specific information about the fugitives they assisted.
In the aftermath of their successful escapes to other free states, a small number of passengers returned to Kansas, including William Dominick Matthews, a first lieutenant in the Independent Battery of the United States Colored Light Artillery in Fort Leavenworth.
Matthews maintained a boarding house in Leavenworth, Kansas, with the assistance of Daniel R.
Anthony.
Aside from that, as could be expected, very little is known about the specific individuals and families that aided or were assisted by the Underground Railroad.
Suggested Reading:
When describing a network of meeting spots, hidden routes, passages, and safehouses used by slaves in the United States to escape slave-holding states and seek refuge in northern states and Canada, the Underground Railroad was referred to as the Underground Railroad (UR). The underground railroad, which was established in the early 1800s and sponsored by persons active in the Abolitionist Movement, assisted thousands of slaves in their attempts to escape bondage. Between 1810 and 1850, it is estimated that 100,000 slaves escaped from bondage in the southern United States.
Facts, information and articles about the Underground Railroad
Aproximate year of birth: 1780
The beginnings of the American Civil War occurred around the year 1862.
Slaves Freed
Estimates range between 6,000 and 10,000.
Prominent Figures
Harriet Tubman is a historical figure.
William Still is a well-known author and poet. Levi Coffin is a fictional character created by author Levi Coffin. John Fairfield is a well-known author.
The Story of How Canada Became the Final Station on the Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman's Legacy as a Freedom Fighter and a Spion is well documented.
The Beginnings Of the Underground Railroad
Even before the nineteenth century, it appears that a mechanism to assist runaways existed. In 1786, George Washington expressed dissatisfaction with the assistance provided to one of his escaped slaves by "a organization of Quakers, founded for such purposes." The Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers as they are more officially known, were among the first abolitionist organizations to emerge. Their influence may have played a role in Pennsylvania becoming the first state to abolish slavery, which was home to a large number of Quakers.
In recognition of his contributions, Levi is often referred to as the "president of the Underground Railroad." In Fountain City, Ohio, on Ohio's western border, the eight-room Indiana home they bought and used as a "station" before they came to Cincinnati has been preserved and is now a National Historic Landmark.
The Underground Railroad Gets Its Name
Owen Brown, the father of radical abolitionist John Brown, was a member of the Underground Railroad in the state of New York during the Civil War. An unconfirmed narrative suggests that "Mammy Sally" designated the house where Abraham Lincoln's future wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, grew up and served as a safe house where fugitives could receive food, but the account is doubtful. Routes of the Underground Railroad It was not until the early 1830s that the phrase "Underground Railroad" was first used.
Fugitives going by water or on genuine trains were occasionally provided with clothing so that they wouldn't give themselves away by wearing their worn-out job attire.
Many of them continued on to Canada, where they could not be lawfully reclaimed by their rightful owners.
The slave or slaves were forced to flee from their masters, which was frequently done at night. It was imperative that the runaways maintain their eyes on the North Star at all times; only by keeping that star in front of them could they be certain that they were on their trip north.
Conductors On The Railroad
A "conductor," who pretended to be a slave, would sometimes accompany fugitives to a plantation in order to lead them on their journey. Harriet Tubman, a former slave who traveled to slave states 19 times and liberated more than 300 people, is one of the most well-known "conductors." She used her shotgun to threaten death to any captives who lost heart and sought to return to slavery. The Underground Railroad's operators faced their own set of risks as well. If someone living in the North was convicted of assisting fugitives in their escape, he or she could face fines of hundreds or even thousands of dollars, which was a significant sum at the time; however, in areas where abolitionism was strong, the "secret" railroad was openly operated, and no one was arrested.
His position as the most significant commander of the Underground Railroad in and around Albany grew as time went on.
However, in previous times of American history, the phrase "vigilance committee" generally refers to citizen organizations that took the law into their own hands, prosecuting and hanging those suspected of crimes when there was no local government or when they considered the local authority was corrupt or weak.
White males who were found assisting slaves in their escape were subjected to heavier punishments than white women, but both were likely to face at the very least incarceration.
The Civil War On The Horizon
A "conductor," who pretended to be a slave, would sometimes accompany fugitives to a plantation in order to direct them on their journey. Harriet Tubman, a former slave who traveled to slave states 19 times and liberated more than 300 people, is one of the most well-known "conductors." She used her shotgun to threaten the lives of those who lost hope and sought to return to slavery. The Underground Railroad's operators faced their own set of perils while they worked. In the North, if someone was convicted of assisting fugitives in their escape, he or she could face fines of hundreds or even thousands of dollars, which was a significant sum at the time; however, in areas where abolitionism was strong, the "secret" railroad operated in full view of the general public.
His position as the most prominent commander of the Underground Railroad in and around Albany grew as time went along.
However, in other eras of American history, the term "vigilance committee" was frequently used to refer to citizen groups that took the law into their own hands, prosecuting and lynching people accused of crimes when no local authority existed or when they believed that authority was corrupt or insufficient.
Stricter punishments were meted out to white males who assisted slaves in escaping than to white women, but both were likely to face at the very least incarceration.
The most severe punishments, such as hundreds of lashing with a whip, burning, or hanging, were reserved for any blacks who were discovered in the process of assisting fugitive fugitives on the run.
The Reverse Underground Railroad
A "reverse Underground Railroad" arose in the northern states surrounding the Ohio River during the Civil War. The black men and women of those states, whether or not they had previously been slaves, were occasionally kidnapped and concealed in homes, barns, and other structures until they could be transported to the South and sold as slaves.
At the time of slavery, the Underground Railroad was a network of routes, locations, and individuals that assisted enslaved persons in the American South in their attempts to flee to freedom in the northern states. Subjects History of the United States, Social StudiesImage
Home of Levi Coffin
Levi Coffin's residence in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he lived as an American Quaker and abolitionist. This was a station on the Underground Railroad, a network of routes, locations, and individuals that assisted enslaved persons in escaping to the North during the Civil War. Cincinnati Museum Center provided the photography. "> During the age of slavery, the Underground Railroad was a network of routes, locations, and individuals that assisted enslaved persons in the American South in escaping to the North, according to the Underground Railroad Museum.
Although it was not a real railroad, it fulfilled the same function as one: it carried passengers across large distances.
The people who worked for the Underground Railroad were driven by a passion for justice and a desire to see slavery abolished—a drive that was so strong that they risked their lives and jeopardized their own freedom in order to assist enslaved people in escaping from bondage and staying safe while traveling the Underground Railroad.
As the network expanded, the railroad metaphor became more prevalent.
In recent years, academic research has revealed that the vast majority of persons who engaged in the Underground Railroad did it on their own, rather than as part of a larger organization.
According to historical tales of the railroad, conductors frequently pretended to be enslaved persons in order to smuggle runaways out of plantation prisons and train stations.
Often, the conductors and passengers traveled 16–19 kilometers (10–20 miles) between each safehouse stop, which was a long distance in this day and age.
Patrols on the lookout for enslaved persons were usually on their tails, chasing them down.
Historians who study the railroad, on the other hand, find it difficult to distinguish between fact and fiction.
Eric Foner is one of the historians that belongs to this group.
Despite this, the Underground Railroad was at the center of the abolitionist struggle during the nineteenth century.
Levi Coffin's residence in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he lived as an American Quaker and abolitionist.
Cincinnati Museum Center provided the photography.
Person who is owned by another person or group of people is referred to as an enslaved person.
Slavery is a noun that refers to the act of owning another human being or being owned by another human being (also known as servitude). Abolitionists utilized this nounsystem between 1800 and 1865 to aid enslaved African Americans in their attempts to flee to free states.
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See also: Who Was The Purpose Of The Underground Railroad? (The answer is found)
Tyson Brown is a member of the National Geographic Society.
The National Geographic Society is a non-profit organization dedicated to the exploration of the world's natural wonders.
Production Managers
Gina Borgia is a member of the National Geographic Society. Jeanna Sullivan is a member of the National Geographic Society.
Program Specialists
According to National Geographic Society's Sarah Appleton, Margot Willis is a National Geographic Society photographer.
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Pathways to Freedom
People Museums/ Historical Sites Events Primary Source Documents
Marylanders who were a part of the Underground Railroad To quickly navigate to a certain individual, use the links provided below: Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, Thomas Garrett, and William Still are all historical figures. Samuel Burris is a fictional character created by author Samuel Burris. More Individuals » Harriet Tubman, who was born a slave in Cambridge, Maryland, was a famous Underground Railroad conductor and one of the most well-known figures in the history of the Underground Railroad.
She was familiar with a number of paths through the woods and fields.
It was safer at night and when there were less people outdoors working or traveling from one location to another, according to the study.
When she was with her gang, she always had weapons on her person to defend them in case they were assaulted.
Her reputation is built on the fact that she never lost a single passenger.
We believe he was born around 1818, but we do not have any documentation to support this assumption.
Douglass had a sneaking suspicion that his white owner, Captain Aaron Anthony, was his father.
The death of Douglass's mother occurred when he was around seven years old.
Douglass, who was eight years old at the time, was finally assigned to live with the Auld family in Baltimore by Captain Anthony.
Auld assisted the little child in his efforts to learn to read and write.
They would eventually provide their support to Douglass in his fight against the scourge of slavery.
Douglass was returned to the Eastern Shore, where he was placed with Thomas Auld, who happened to be Captain Anthony's son-in-law.
He came to the conclusion that he must find his path to freedom.
He found employment at a shipyard in Fells Point, where he was surrounded by free Black men.
Douglass made the decision to try to go to the north in search of freedom.
He chose to dress in the manner of a free Black seaman, similar to the ones he worked with at the Shipyard.
Douglass departed Baltimore on September 3, 1838, according to historical records.
Once he had reached in the North, Douglass changed his last name from Bailey to Johnson in order to escape being recaptured by slavehunters from the southern United States.
Pennington, who was also Frederick's best man.
Douglass changed his last name for the second and last time at that location.
He went throughout the northern United States, sharing firsthand tales of slavery, abolition, segregation, and prejudice with an audience of thousands.
He was terrified that he would be apprehended and returned to the slave trade.
Douglass was eventually and formally set free from his captivity.
There, he began publishing an abolitionist newspaper known as The North Star, which he named after his hometown.
He continued to contribute to national and international initiatives aimed at achieving freedom for all people, including himself.
He was 78 years old.
Several conductors, including Tubman, led the way to Garrett's mansion.
He conveyed a large number of persons to Philadelphia, where there was a thriving Abolition Society and a large number of people who were involved with the Underground Railroad at the time.
He took in a large number of fugitives from Maryland, the state where his mother was born.
He made arrangements for a large number of fugitive slaves to continue their trek to Canada.
It includes descriptions of the fugitives he received as well as letters from fugitives and Underground Railroad aids such as Thomas Garrett and Frances Ellen Watkins Harper.
Several biographies of men and women who were involved in the Underground Railroad are also included in the book.
Take a look at an extract from William Still's autobiography.
He was a free black guy at the time.
He became involved in the Underground Railroad's operations as a result of his experiences.
He collaborated with Benjamin Still and Thomas Garrett on a number of projects.
If they are apprehended, they may be sold as slaves to make money.
He was arrested and taken to jail, where he remained for several months.
The judge ruled that he be sold and sentenced to serve seven years in prison.
They gathered funds and dispatched an abolitionist called Isaac Flint to the auction where Burris would be sold, where he was successful.
This is the narrative of that auction written by William Still. Burris then relocated to California, where he continued to send contributions to support formerly enslaved people in need. return to the beginning More Individuals »
Underground Railroad – Ohio History Central
According to Ohio History Central This snapshot depicts the "Freedom Stairway," which consists of one hundred stairs going from the Ohio River to the John Rankin House in Ripley, which served as a station on the Underground Railroad during the Civil War. Presbyterian clergyman and educator John Rankin (1793-1886) spent most of his time working for the abolitionist anti-slavery struggle. The home features various secret rooms, some of which were used to hide freedom fighters. An illuminated sign was erected in front of the home to signal that it was safe for anyone seeking freedom to approach it.
An underground railroad system of safe homes and hiding places that assisted freedom seekers on their journeys to freedom in Canada, Mexico, and other countries outside of the United States was known as the Underground Railroad (UR).
Although it is unknown when the Underground Railroad had its start, members of the Society of Friends, often known as the Quakers, were actively supporting freedom seekers as early as the 1780s, according to historical records.
As early as the late 1700s, slavery was outlawed in the vast majority of Northern states.
African Americans were forced to flee the United States in order to genuinely achieve their freedom.
Despite the fact that slavery was outlawed in Ohio, some individuals were still opposed to the abolition of the institution.
Many of these individuals were adamantly opposed to the Underground Railroad.
Other people attempted to restore freedom seekers to their rightful owners in the aim of receiving prizes for their efforts.
Over three thousand slaves were rescued from their captors and granted freedom in Canada thanks to the efforts of Levi Coffin, a Cincinnati man who lived in the late 1840s and early 1850s.
His house was perched on a three hundred-foot-high hill with a panoramic view of the Ohio River.
He gave the freedom seekers with sanctuary and kept them hidden until it was safe for them to proceed farther north in their quest for independence.
These individuals, as well as a large number of others, put their lives in danger to aid African Americans in their journey to freedom.
They typically chose to live in communities where there were other African Americans.
A total of eight communities along the Lake Erie shoreline served as embarkation locations for the freedom seekers' journey to Canada, including Ashtabula, Painesville, Cleveland, Sandusky, Toledo, Huron, Lorain, Conneaut, and Conneaut.
It is still unknown exactly how the Underground Railroad came to be known by that moniker.
In 1831, a freedom seeker called Tice Davids fled from his slave owners in Kentucky, where he had been held since birth.
Davids had arrived at the coast only a few minutes before him. Following the arrival of his boat, the holder was unable to locate Davids and concluded that he "must have gone off on a subterranean path."
"The Hippocrene Guide to the Underground Railroad," by Charles L. Blockson, et al. Hippocrene Books, New York, NY, 1994
Levi Coffin, Hippocrene Books, New York, NY, 1994. Levi Coffin's recollections of his time as the rumored President of the Underground Railroad. Arno Press, New York, NY, 1968
Dee, Christine, ed., Ohio's War: The Civil War in Documents, New York, NY, 1968. Ohio: A Four-Volume Reference Library on the History of a Great State (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007)
Fess, Simeon D., ed. Ohio: A Four-Volume Reference Library on the History of a Great State (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007). Gara, Larry, and Lewis Publishing Company, 1937
Chicago, IL: Lewis Publishing Company. The Liberty Line: The Legend of the Underground Railroad is a documentary film about the Underground Railroad. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 1961
Ann Hagedorn, ed., Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1961. Beyond the River: The Untold Story of the Heroes of the Underground Railroad is a book about the heroes of the Underground Railroad. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2002
Roseboom, Eugene H. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2002
The period from 1850 to 1873 is known as the Civil War Era. The Underground Railroad: From Slavery to Freedom (Columbus, OH: Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 1944)
Siebert, Wibur H. "The Underground Railroad: From Slavery to Freedom." RussellRussell, New York, 1898
Siebert, Wilbur Henry, New York, 1898. Ohio was a stop on the Underground Railroad. Lesick, Lawrence Thomas
Arthur W. McGraw, 1993
McGraw, Arthur W. The Lane Rebels: Evangelicalism and Antislavery in Antebellum America is a book about the Lane family who were antislavery activists in the antebellum era. Roland M. Baumann's book, The Scarecrow Press, was published in 1980 in Metuchen, NJ. The Rescue of the Oberlin-Wellington Train in 1858: A Reappraisal Oberlin, OH: Oberlin College Press, 2003
Levi Coffin and William Still, editors. Fleeing for Freedom: Stories of the Underground Railroad is a collection of short stories about people fleeing for freedom. Ivan R. Dee Publishers, Chicago, Illinois, 2004.
What Does Segregation Mean In The Book What Was The Underground Railroad? (Solved)
Underground Railroad What Was "rails'? (Perfect answer)
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This is a list of couples that want to be a support to homeschoolers in our area. Please feel free to contact the men or women individually or talk to them as couples. We are blessed in our community to have such support. I hope you will take advantage of personal, one on one encouragement.


Rustic whole grain rye portion bread. It is baked with authentic rye sour dough, giving it it's loved, sour taste.
Thaw in room temperature within the plastic bag for 2 hours. Bake at 200°C for 3 minutes.
RYE sour dough [water, wholegrain RYE grits 19%], wholegrain RYE 30% (flour, malt), WHEAT flour, water, potato flakes, yeast, WHEAT GLUTEN, iodised salt, flour treatment agent (E300). 71% of cereal based raw material is wholegrain rye.


I'm a self-taught business strategist with over 10 years experience in optimizing companies using out-of-the-box thinking. Somewhere along the way, I've also managed to help individuals find their purpose and live up to their potential.
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I can teach you how to immediately turn your passion into a viable source of income or I can help organize all your big ideas into a simple starting point.


SAN FRANCISCO (AP) - Officials say the number of people jumping to their deaths from the Golden Gate Bridge has decreased thanks to the addition of five officers whose job is to spot people trying to commit suicide.
The Marin Independent Journal reports the bridge patrol team last year assisted 245 people who presented a risk of suicide and that there were 33 confirmed suicides. In 2016 there were 184 successful interventions and 39 suicides.
The extra five officers brought the span's security detail to 36 people.
More than 1,400 people have jumped to their deaths since the bridge opened in 1937.
The bridge district plans to install net made of stainless steel and marine-grade cable along the 1.7-mile bridge to prevent suicides.
Officials say the net should be finished by January 2021.


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CHAP. XIII. How Bishop Wilfrid converted the province of the South Saxons to Christ. 681 A.D. [in Bosham]
Bede's Ecclesiastical History of England
BUT Wilfrid was expelled from his bishopric, and having long travelled in many lands, went to Rome, and afterwards returned to Britain. Though he could not, by reason the enmity of the aforesaid king, be received into his own country or diocese, yet he could not be restrained from the ministry of the Gospel; for, taking his way into the province of the South Saxons, which extends from Kent to the south and west, as far as the West Saxons, containing land of 7,000 families, and was at that time still in bondage to pagan rites, he administered to them the Word of faith, and the Baptism of salvation. Ethelwalch, king of that nation, had been, not long before, baptized in the province of the Mercians, at the instance of King Wulf here, who was present, and received him as his godson when he came forth from the font, and in token of this adoption gave him two provinces, to wit, the Isle of Wight, and the province of the Meanware, in the country of the West Saxons. The bishop, therefore, with the king's consent, or rather to his great joy, cleansed in the sacred font the foremost ealdormen and thegns of that country; and the priests, Eappa and Padda, and Burghelm, and Oiddi, either then, or afterwards, baptized the rest of the people.
The Queen, whose name was Eabae, had been baptized in her own country, the province of the Hwiccas. She was the daughter of Eanfrid, the brother of Aenhere, who were both Christians, as were their people; but all the province of the South Saxons was ignorant of the Name of God and the faith. But there was among them a certain monk of the Scottish nation, whose name was Dicul, who had a very small monastery, at the place called Bosanhamm, (Bosham) encompassed by woods and seas, and in it there were five or six brothers, who served the Lord in humility and poverty; but none of the natives cared either to follow their course of life, or hear their preaching.
But Bishop Wilfrid, while preaching the Gospel to the people, not only delivered them from the misery of eternal damnation, but also from a terrible calamity of temporal death. For no rain had fallen in that district for three years before his arrival in the province, whereupon a grievous famine fell upon the people and pitilessly destroyed them; insomuch that it is said that often forty or fifty men, wasted with hunger, would go together to some precipice, or to the sea-shore, and there, hand in hand, in piteous wise cast them themselves down either to perish by the fall, or be swallowed up by the waves.
But on the very day on which the nation received the Baptism of the faith, there fell a soft but plentiful rain; the earth revived, the fields grew green again, and the season was pleasant and fruitful. Thus the old superstition was cast away, and idolatry renounced, the heart and flesh of all rejoiced in the living God, for they perceived that He Who is the true God had enriched them by His heavenly grace with both inward and outward blessings. For the bishop, when he came into the province, and found so great misery from famine there, taught them to get their food by fishing; for their sea and rivers abounded in fish, but the people had no skill to take any of them, except eels alone.
The bishop's men having gathered eel-nets everywhere, cast them into the sea, and by the blessing of God took three hundred fishes of divers sorts, which being divided into three parts, they gave a hundred to the poor, a hundred to those of whom they had the nets, and kept a hundred for their own use. By this benefit the bishop gained the affections of them all, and they began more readily at his preaching to hope for heavenly blessings, seeing that by his help they had received those which are temporal.
Bosham Churches today

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Antibiotics have revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases. But their use and misuse have resulted in the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. This is now a significant health problem: each year in the European Union alone, over 25 000 people die from infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is also a food safety problem: antibiotic use in food animals –for treatment, disease prevention or growth promotion – allows resistant bacteria and resistance genes to spread from food animals to humans through the food-chain.
This publication explores the options for prevention and containment of antibiotic resistance in the food-chain through national coordination and international cooperation, including the regulation and reduction of antibiotic use in food animals, training and capacity building, surveillance of resistance trends and antibiotic usage, promotion of knowledge and research, and advocacy and communication to raise awareness of the issues.
This publication is primarily intended for policy-makers and authorities working in the public health, agriculture, food production and veterinary sectors, and offers them ways to take a holistic, intersectoral, multifaceted approach to this growing problem.


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wogma rating: Add to 'must watch' list (?)
Winner of the Grand Jury Prize at last year's Sundance Film Festival, Blue Valentine is a disturbing story about love. The non-linear screenplay captures the irony of romance - the burning passions of courtship and the frothing discontent of a marriage on the rocks. Beautifully filmed, written and enacted, I highly recommend you watch this one. If you've ever been in and out of love, you'll need some tissues.
Director: Derek Cianfrance
Cast: Ryan Gosling, Mitchelle Williams
Genres: Relationships
You know something is wrong between a married couple when both of them don't share the same bed anymore.
When they don't make their rift apparent in front of their daughter, you know that the only thing that's holding them together is the happiness of the little girl, who neither of them would want to see grow up between parents living apart.
Dean (Ryan Gosling) and Cindy (Mitchelle Williams) are such a couple and their mundane life in the countryside is devoid of any colour that comes with the term 'happily married'. Dean paints houses for a living, while Cindy is a doctor. Blue Valentine is the story of their falling out of love, while reflecting upon the story of their falling in love.
From the first shot itself, the camera establishes their rift with ease, as it desperately tries to capture some eye contact between the two, but finds none. It becomes very clear that for Cindy, Dean doesn't exist. She wants him to do something worthwhile, not opt to continue as a painter, a job which allows him to drink beer early morning. Dean thinks its okay, because that's a job that keeps him happy. That's essentially the source of the rift - one partner wanting the other person to 'be' someone else and not accepting him the way he is. It doesn't drive her to forge an extra-marital affair, but it doesn't show her wanting to make an extra effort to make things work either. Cindy appears to be suffering silently. And despite Dean trying hard to make things work - he finds himself losing control of himself, and their marriage.
The story of their falling in love is a beautiful one and that alone is what makes their separation a little unbearable for the viewers. There is a beautiful sequence of Dean wooing Cindy, asking her to tap-dance to his music and it is one of my most lasting impressions of the film. Some scenes are so tragic, I ended up shielding my eyes. And it felt gut-wrenching because the screenplay so beautifully establishes the two characters and stitches their two tracks together - the love story and the falling out of it.
What disappointed me though, was that the film never made it clear when exactly the tensions between the two began. Was there an incident that sparked off the descent? Did Dean give up a well-paying job offer to settle for his current artistic endeavour? You don't find answers to these questions. You're convinced however, that he is a good father, as she is a good mother.
The film subtly makes a point about how well a child's existence can act as a lever to balance a rocky relationship. A child is always a reminder of the passion that brought two lovers together. But Frankie (their daughter) isn't an ordinary child. And when you see the film, you'll know why Dean is no ordinary lover, despite Cindy's declining interest for him.
Blue Valentine is memorable thanks to Ryan Gosling's and Mitchelle Williams' performances. They've enacted their pre-marriage romance and the post-marriage cold vibes so well, your heart reaches out to them, mourning the fall of their relationship. Both won deserving nominations for Best Actor and Actress at the Golden Globes.
What I'm sure of, is that you'll find this film a memorable one. Especially married couples. Director Derek Cianfrance has made an outstanding feature film debut with this one. You'll enjoy listening to him in the interview that's the only Special Feature on this DVD.
This article is by guest author Arcopol Chaudhuri. Arcopol Chaudhuri is a senior social media architect at a Mumbai-based digital agency. He tweets as @arcopolc
External reviews for this movie are not available
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Violence: Gory
Language: Abusive in many parts
Nudity & Sexual content: Explicit sexual scenes
Concept: A story of falling in love and falling out of it
General Look and Feel: Cold, dull
Blue Valentine - Cast, crew, links
The Weinstein Company, Incentive Filmed Enterainment, Hunting Lane Films, Silverwood Films
Jamie Patricof, Alex Orlovsky, Lynette Howell
Ryan Gosling, Mitchelle Williams
Faith Wladyka, John Doman, Mike Vogel, Marshall Johnson
Cami Delavigne, Joey Curtis
Andrij Parekh
Ron Patane, Jim Helton
DVD Label (India):
Costume Designer:
Erin Benach
Arcopol Chaudhuri
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The Himalayan Times > Kathmandu > President reissues controversial ordinance
President reissues controversial ordinance
Published: December 16, 2020 7:28 am On: Kathmandu
Ram Kumar Kamat
KATHMANDU, DECEMBER 15
She had issued the same ordinance amending Constitution Council Act in April as well
It had to be rescinded after four days
Appointments made under it can't be revoked by HoR
President Bidhya Devi Bhandari, on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers, issued the Constitutional Council (Functions, Duties, Powers and Procedures) Act, First Amendment Ordinance, amending the act's provision to allow the Constitutional Council to conduct its meetings when majority members of the council are present.
The government brought the new ordinance to amend Section 6 (3) of the act that stipulated that quorum for the council could be achieved only when chairperson and four other members were present in the meeting.
The ordinance says that the council shall take decisions on the basis of consensus, but if consensus is not reached then on the basis of votes of majority members.
Constitutional Council meeting in progress in Kathmandu on Tuesday. The meeting was chaired by Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli and attended by Chief Justice Cholendra SJB Rana and National Assembly Chairperson Ganesh Prasad Timilsina. Photo: RSS
Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli, who had called a meeting of the Constitutional Council in the morning, had to postpone it till 5:00pm today after Speaker Agni Prasad Sapkota did not show up. The PM had called the Constitutional Council meeting on Sunday also, but he had to postpone it as Deuba and Sapkota expressed inability to attend the meeting.
In the evening, the Constitutional Council discussed appointments in multiple constitutional bodies, according to National Assembly Chairperson Ganesh Prasad Timilsina's Communication Expert Ashok Paudel.
A minister told THT that the PM recommended the ordinance to the president without discussing it in the Cabinet meeting today.
Constitutional expert Bhimarjun Acharya said the new ordinance would enable the Constitutional Council to achieve quorum if three members, including the chairperson, attended the CC meeting, and they could take a decision with consent of just two members. "This ordinance has sabotaged the validity of the Constitutional Council.
The government cannot justify its decision to issue the ordinance because a new session of the Parliament has to be convened after a few days," he added.
Acharya said even if the Parliament rejected the new ordinance, the new appointments that could be made on the basis of the ordinance would remain valid. "Appointments made on the basis of the new ordinance can be repealed only with a court order," he added. He said the president's role was controversial because she had issued the same ordinance in April before rescinding it after four days.
The council is chaired by the prime minister, with chief justice, speaker, deputy speaker, national assembly chair and leader of the opposition as its members.
The council meeting had to be adjourned several times in the recent past due to lack of quorum.
The president had issued ordinance in April to remove the consensus clause from the Constitutional Council Act, but she had to rescind it after the government's position on the ordinance became untenable.
The government had also brought an ordinance to amend the Political Party Act allowing the parties' dissidents to split their mother party with the support of 40 per cent members of the Central Committee or Parliamentary Party, but the president had to rescind that as well.
Sapkota clarifies
A version of this article appears in print on December 16, 2020 of The Himalayan Times.
Worldwide coronavirus cases cross 93.86 million, death toll at 2,012,869
LONDON: More than 93.86 million people have been reported to be infected by the novel coronavirus globally and 2,012,869 have died, according to a Reuters tally. Infections have been reported in more than 210 countries and territories since the first cases were identified in China in December Read More...
In pics: A day in the lives of STIDH health-workers
KATHMANDU: Teku-based Sukraraaj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH) which was established as centre for treating COVID-19 cases has been successfully providing quality care to the patients. Following the detection of the virus in country around ten months ago, the government had dec	Read More...
PM has no right to dissolve House, SC told
KATHMANDU, JANUARY 17 Lawyers representing the petitioners that have challenged the dissolution of the House of Representatives today began pleading before the constitutional bench of the Supreme Court led by Chief Justice Cholendra Shumsher JB Rana. Advocate Bhimarjun Acharya said the prime m	Read More...


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The Dirty Book Girls
Review Rhythm, Chord & Malykhin by Mariana Zapata
Title: Rhythm, Chord & Malykhin
Author: Mariana Zapata
Series: Standalone
Release Date: August 21st 2015
Twenty-six-year-old Gaby Barreto might be a lot of things (loyal, sarcastic, one of the guys and a pain in the butt depending on which family member you ask), but dumb isn't one of them. When her twin brother invites her to go on tour as his band's merch girl, she isn't exactly screaming at the top of her lungs with joy.
With no job opportunities pounding on her door, an ex-boyfriend she would still like to castrate, and no end in sight to moving out of her parents' house in Dallas… it would be dumb to say no to the chance of a lifetime. Two bands, three continents, one tour. Spending the next ninety-plus days with three beloved idiots and eight complete strangers shouldn't be a big deal, right?
If only the singer of the headlining band didn't have tattoos... a great personality… a fantastic body… and if he wasn't so funny….
Let's be real: Gaby never had a chance against Sacha Malykhin.
Mariana Zapata began writing love stories soon after she learned how to spell. She probably shouldn't admit that she started sneaking romance novels from her aunt's bookshelves way before she was old enough to even understand what it meant when a man flipped up a woman's skirt. (Don't tell her mom.) Luckily, she learned to love the process of two people falling in love instead of all the other juicy stuff.
Mariana lives in Houston, Texas with her longtime boyfriend and two beloved (and emotionally manipulative) Great Danes, Dorian and Kaiser. When she's not pretending to write, she's reading. You can usually find her burning somewhat edible experiments in the kitchen or cracking jokes at the expense of her family members.
She also loves to hear from her readers!
Author + Character Interviews
I really love MZ's writing style. It's so funny and realistic; her characters talk about every-day things without any shame, whatsoever.
Gaby's life as she knows it, ended. Boyfriend dumped her, she was unemployed and homeless. She moved back in with her parents but something had to give. That something was her brother, inviting her on tour, with his band and another she never heard of.
Gaby grew up with her twin brother and his two best friends. It wasn't her first tour and she missed them all, so she decided to do it.
Best decision she's ever made, if you ask me.
Sacha... Well, he's not the intense type of hero - like Dex or Kulti - but he's still pretty darn perfect! Who doesn't want a guy that has the voice that makes you melt, is tall, tattooed, funny and loyal?
So, with all those qualities, what's a girl to do?
This book is a romantic comedy that will have you laughing a lot, swooning in some places and cringing in others. Because, after all, one girl stuck with ten guys? It's bound to be cringe-worthy, sometimes.
I'm totally #TeamMZ, will forever be #TeamMZ and can't wait to see what else she has up her sleeve!
4.5 stars and I want to thank MZ for this copy, that wasn't given in exchange of an honest review but because she's awesome!
"You're special to a lot of people, but especially to me."
Other books by Mariana Zapata
Under Locke
Kulti
Posted by Diva Discussions Book Club at Monday, August 31, 2015 No comments:
Reviews Blood and Bone series by Tara Brown
Title: Blood and Bone
Author: Tara Brown
Series: Blood and Bone #1
Release Date: July 21st 2014
Listen, listen to the wind and stone.
Listen, listen to the sounds of old.
Listen, listen as my hopes are drowned.
Listen, listen to the sounds that bullets make of blood and bones.
Where will you run today?
How will you ever get away?"
This is NOT a romance. This is a ride.
Blood and Bone
The hollow sound of a casing hitting the floor.
The clicking of heels walking in a misty alley.
The ability to tie a cherry stem with her tongue.
A haunting song no one else knows.
That's all that's left of Jane's memories.
What would you do if the life you lived was a lie, and everyone knew but you?
Where do you run when there is no one on your side?
Jane discovers that deep inside her mind there is a map.
What she doesn't know is that there is also a man who will do anything to get it.
But what he doesn't know is that Jane hasn't always been honest about the things she remembers.
There are paces inside of Jane that even she doesn't like to go.
What would you do if the secret you kept was the only thing keeping you alive?
But keeping it meant someone else had to die.
"(...) we found one another in the dark, Jane, but we made light for one another. You are my light and I am yours."
"You fell in love with a monster."
"It's boyish and sweet, but he's a monster. He's my monster."
Whoa, baby!
The first question is, what did I just read? It was mind-boggling!
It's hard to write a spoiler-free review of this amazing book, because you just HAVE to experience it on your own. So, here goes nothing!
Our heroine's life changes when she's stopped on the street by a total stranger. She's Jane, he calls her Sarah. She doesn't know him, but he knows her. Or, at least he knows Sarah.
Jane can't stop wondering who Sarah is so, she starts looking her up on the internet, as would any one of us do. What she finds makes her second-guess everything and everyone in her life. Her job, her friends, her perfect fiance.
Now, this was a pretty intense books, that kept ME guessing and second-guessing everything and everyone, just like Jane does. My mind was reeling from everything; I didn't know what or whom to believe anymore. Exactly like Jane. One moment, she believes and trusts Derek, the next, she doesn't. Of course, I kept hoping Derek wasn't the bad guy because you can't help but fall for him. Tara Brown seems to have the gift of make me fall for her anti-heroes. It has happened before.
So, just when you think you know what's going on, what has happened, what caused everything, you get smacked with a dose of what-the-heck. The biggest is towards the end.
If you feel confused or frustrated or it's giving you heart palpitations, don't worry, just keep on reading because the ending WILL make total sense.
5 stars because what can I say, it's brilliant.
Title: Sin and Swoon
Not even the warning label on the experimental project could have prepared Jane Spears for the nightmare she would walk into when the Ashley Potter case landed in her lap. Deep inside the victim's mind, Jane finds clues hinting at the worst crimes she has ever come upon. But the bread crumbs don't lead anywhere, and in the waking light Jane discovers nothing is as she believed. The conspiracy goes deeper than she can reveal, and the crimes are too hideous to leave unsolved. But can she stop it all in time, or will she be sucked in—trapped by the deranged mastermind?
"When it comes down to it, human nature means we will betray one another to survive. It's the basest instinct we have, survival."
"Nothing matters in this world but this guy."
My first thought was, "Is this one better than book 1, or just as good?"
I'm still deciding on that one.
But seriously, after everything made sense at the end of book 1, book 2 is easier to follow. Oh, don't get me wrong, it's still mind-blowing and mind-boggling, and it still has you guessing and second-guessing everything.
So, Jane is Jane whenever she's not analyzing patients, victims that are in a coma. When she's not hunting down psychos, she's a woman that has a hot doctor for a fiance, one that loves her and would die for her. I have to tell you, Dash/Derek has stolen my heart, that perfect British bastard.
But nothing is as it seems. Both in Jane's professional and personal life. Who's the psycho that did gruesome and horrible things to eleven girls, how did it all start and is it someone Jane knows? Plus, what secrets does Dash/Derek keep from Jane? Who is he, really?
I am so going to reread both of these books, before the third and last one is out! Loved it. Brilliant x2. 5 stars.
Tara Brown writes in a variety of genres, under different pen names. She enjoys writing dark and moody tales involving strong, often female, lead characters who are more prone to vanquishing evil than perpetrating it. She shares her home with her husband, two daughters, two cats, and a wolfhound.
Posted by Diva Discussions Book Club at Saturday, August 29, 2015 No comments:
Pre-Order Blitz The End Game by Kate McCarthy
Title: The End Game
Author: Kate McCarthy
"Professional athletes are pillars of their respective communities. They are heroes in the eyes of boys and girls and are expected to conduct themselves in a manner that positively represents their community."
The public loves a good scandal. Seeing someone fall from the pinnacle of success makes a great headline. No one knows that better than I do. What started out as a promising career in college football, spiraled into scandal and shame.
But being a hero is easier said then done. Especially when there are those who expected to see the great Brody Madden fail. I craved nothing except being the best—willing to do anything to prove them wrong. But I went too far, and I tried too hard, and it broke me.
"At the time of going to print, Jordan Elliott was unavailable for comment."
I met Brody Madden in my senior year of college. An Australian native on an international scholarship, I was the female soccer sensation with stars in her eyes and no room for a hotshot wide receiver with a chip on his shoulder.
But a heart bursting with ambition and a driving fire to succeed isn't made of stone. I became his strength, his obsession, and the greatest love of his life. Only I wasn't there when he needed me most.
This is a story about love and a game that takes everything. Where the path to glory is paved with sacrifice. Where pressure makes you, or breaks you, and triumph is born in the ashes of failure. Where two people's end game will change everything.
READ THE PROLOGUE NOW
AMAZON US / UK / AU
Kate McCarthy is an Australian, living in the pretty sunshine state of Queensland with her two kids and two dogs, Rufus and Pete.
She loves to bake sweet stuff and eat it too. With an exciting degree in business, she works as an accountant by day, and an author by night. In between family life, she is most often found in bed reading, or at the beach, still reading.
Posted by Diva Discussions Book Club at Friday, August 28, 2015 No comments:
Release Day Launch ~ Heart Shaped Hack by Tracey Garvis Graves
When Kate Watts abandoned her law career to open a food pantry in Northeast Minneapolis, she never dreamed it would be this difficult. Facing the heartbreaking prospect of turning hungry people away, she is grateful for the anonymous donations that begin appearing at the end of each month. Determined to identify and thank her secret benefactor, she launches a plan and catches Ian —a charismatic hacker with a Robin Hood complex—in the act. Ian intrigues Kate in a way no man ever has. But after learning he's snooped around on her personal computer, she demands retribution. Impressed with her tolerance and captivated by her spirit, he complies and begins to slowly charm his way past her defenses. Time spent with Ian is never boring, and Kate soon finds herself falling for the mysterious hacker. But Ian has enemies and they're growing restless. In the hacking world, exploiting a target's weakness is paramount, and no price is too high to stop an attack. And when Kate learns exactly how much Ian has paid, she'll discover just how strong her love is for the man who has hacked his way into her heart.
AMAZON Barnes & Noble iBooks
© 2015 Tracey Garvis Graves
Heart-Shaped Hack
"Oh, hi," she said. "Imagine running into you here." "This is quite a coincidence." "It's not a coincidence at all. I knew you were following me." "You did not." "I spotted you hiding behind the plant when I walked into the bank. Plus I could smell your perfume as soon as I stepped out here." "Did you"—she used her fingers to make little air quotes—"appropriate money from this bank?" she whispered. "Of course not. I do all my work from the Batcave. Believe it or not, I actually bank here. I was just signing some papers." Kate had never seen a man look so utterly scrumptious while wearing glasses. There was something about the combination of his hair, his scruff, and the semi-rimless designer frames that made him irresistible. "Are the glasses a disguise? Because I totally knew it was you." "The glasses are real. I often suffer from eyestrain since I spend so much time on the computer, and I was up late last night, working." "They make you look very smart." She took a moment to imagine how his scruff would feel rubbing against her skin if he were to kiss her. "I am smart, but I think you mean devastatingly handsome. More so than normal, that is." "You're so humble." "Ready?" He walked to the door and held it open for her. "Yes." "Follow me." He looked at her and laughed. "That shouldn't be a problem for you." They took the elevator to the basement, and when the doors opened to the parking garage, Kate followed Ian to a row of cars. He stopped beside one and pulled a set of keys from his pocket. She gasped. Ian smiled. "It's a—" "1964 Shelby Daytona Cobra Coupe." "'65. But color me impressed." "My brother Chad was obsessed with this car. He used to have a poster of it on his bedroom wall. There were only six built between 1964 and 1965." "A bit rare indeed." The last authentic Shelby had sold at auction for around seven million. Ian's was obviously a replica, of which there were quite a few, but it was still a very notable vehicle with a price tag that started in the low six figures. "Helena called it an old blue car." He grinned, looking contemplative. "Technically, that is correct." Kate could not resist running her hand lightly over the Guardsman Blue paint and the white racing stripes on the hood. The Shelby was unmistakably race-car-like in appearance with its aerodynamic design and unique body style. Chad was going to be so jealous. "For someone who values his privacy, isn't this a bit ostentatious?" "How so?" "Rakishly handsome playboy who makes grand philanthropic gestures and drives a flashy car. Any of this ringing a bell?" "Rakishly handsome playboy?" "Well, if the Prada loafer fits. Wouldn't you fly under the radar more easily in, say, a Ford Focus?" she asked. "A Ford Focus? You want me to tool around town in a Ford Focus? Jesus, would I still have my balls?" "No, they cut them off when they hand you the keys. Of course you'd still have your balls. What kind of question is that? This conversation has gotten way off track." "You mean because we started out talking about my car and now we're talking about my balls?" "Are we?" "I believe so." "Maybe we should go back to talking about your car." "You want to drive it, don't you?" "Why would I want to drive your car?" "Why wouldn't you want to drive my car? Can you handle a stick shift?" "Yes, and rather competently I might add." "That's an enormous turn-on. Truly." She pretended not to hear him. "This is not a good car for Minnesota winters." "Horrible, I agree. My other car has four-wheel drive, but it's not nearly as fun to operate as this one." Ian dangled the keys in front of her. He was right. Kate was dying to drive his car and couldn't wait to see how it handled. She took the keys, opened the door, and reached over to unlock the passenger side for Ian. They belted up, and she started the car. "Please note that I'm already making good on my promise, Katie. Because I assure you, driving this car will be the opposite of boring."
Tracey Garvis Graves is a New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and USA Today bestselling author. Her debut novel, On the Island, spent 9 weeks on the New York Times bestseller list, has been translated into twenty-seven languages, and is in development with MGM and Temple Hill Productions for a feature film. She is also the author of Uncharted, Covet, Every Time I Think of You, and Cherish.
Tracey loves to interact with her readers and can be found on Facebook and Twitter.
Goodreads Amazon Author Page
Posted by Stephanie Book Capa at Tuesday, August 25, 2015 No comments:
RELEASE DAY BLITZ ~ FALLEN CREST UNIVERSITY BY TIJAN
Sam & Mason return in Fallen Crest University!
Amazon US: http://amzn.to/1UZh70y
Amazon UK: http://amzn.to/1WKCWCB
Barnes & Noble: http://bit.ly/1LqaWkl
Kobo: http://bit.ly/1NBi64P
iBooks: http://apple.co/1NLEciP
Fallen Crest is back with a vengeance!
Samantha, Mason, and Logan are all together and united with one common enemy: Park Sebastian, the king of fraternity douchebags.
With professional football scouts eyeing his every move, Mason Kade has to walk the line for the first time in his life. Any move he makes against Sebastian has to be perfect and under the radar. One mistake, and his career is over.
Sebastian has other plans. Mason's career isn't his target—not even close. Wanting to destroy Mason completely, Sebastian knows he must hit him where it hurts the most: Samantha, who doesn't give a rat's ass that she's the target.
Sam is bound and determined to protect Mason herself, no matter the cost, but what if the cost is beyond her imagination? What if this time, the villain wins?
In ten.
"I'm not sure if you're aware of this threesome dynamic," Logan started.
Sebastian's eyes narrowed. Logan was too cocky, too sure of himself. Sebastian's head lifted to the side as he kept skirting among all three of us.
I was next to my brother. They came from the basement section of the bookstore, so Sebastian was blocking his friends from us. His three friends were down a few steps, too far but close enough where they could catch Sebastian.
Logan continued, "But the three of us…" He gestured to all of us. "Well, technically, it's the Fearsome Foursome with Sam, but she's not here." His tone lowered, growing more serious. "And she's not a part of this, so I guess, right now, you can call us the Threesome Fearsome."
Sebastian was almost ignoring my brother. He was solely focused on me. Fine. I let him see the threat in me and murmured, "My brother's not kidding, you know."
Logan quieted, edging back so that I was now in the front.
"About what?" His tone was clipped.
Sebastian knew. He was remembering Logan's threat.
I reminded him. "Your sister. Your girlfriend."
"I don't have either one of those," Sebastian shot back.
Logan piped in, "But there's someone."
I added, "There's always someone."
Sebastian grew silent, looking between the two of us.
Nate spoke up, "They're talking about who's vulnerable to you, Sebastian."
"You shut up," Sebastian snapped at him. "You left the house. You don't deserve the right to talk to us."
His three friends got riled up at that. They moved forward, and I started eyeing the big one closest to Sebastian. He was a big motherfucker.
"Nate never should've been with you," I said, commanding all of their attention. We were close. The camera would rotate back. I wanted their focus on me, not Logan. "That was a mistake he rectified."
Sebastian's eyes narrowed to slits. "I'm going to make both of you sorry that you came back here."
"What about me?" Logan smirked at him.
No. I wanted Sebastian watching me.
He turned. "I already tried to get your acceptance revoked."
Well, holy shit, I hadn't expected that response.
Logan opened his mouth. His eyes flashed in anger, and he was going to say something to piss Sebastian off. I blocked him. I needed Sebastian and friends' eyes on me.
"Time's up," I said calmly, quietly.
It worked. They all turned to me, and Sebastian's eyes widened. He started to rear back—
I rushed forward.
"Sounds good." She waved before leaving. "Toodles, Sam…and her superhot boyfriend."
Mason scowled, but it lacked any heat. "She shouldn't talk to me like that."
Putting the package on the desk, I went and curled up in his lap. "She's a fan. She's getting over it."
"Still weird to me." He studied me for a second, his hand went to my mouth.
"You protect. You take care. You shield those you love. Yes, you're ruthless. Yes, you go to lengths others don't, but you do it so that no one—and I mean, no one—can hurt you or even try to hurt you. That's why you do what you do. That's why you're who you are and why you're loved by me and wanted by so many others. That's why you're respected. You protect and you love and you don't let anyone take that away from you."
Haven't read this series yet?
Find the series reading order here: http://amzn.to/1PrkA40
Posted by Diva Discussions Book Club at Tuesday, August 25, 2015 1 comment:
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Teaser Tuesday of Death Cache by Tiffinie Helmer
Five Reasons You Should Totally Read Gena Showalter's Lords of the Underworld Series
Five Reasons You Should Totally Read Say No to Joe? by Lori Foster
Top 20 Book Boyfriends of 2015
Author Spotlight, Tour, AND Interview with Debra Anastasia
The Soul Mate by Madeline Sheehan (Ramblings of a #TeamGerik fanatic)
Five Reasons You Should Totally Read the Beneath Series by Meghan March
Steadfast (True North #2) by Sarina Bowen
BOOK REVIEW~ Beyond Solitude by Kit Rocha
LONG WAY DOWN - BLOG TOUR-AUTHOR INTERVIEW+GIVEAWAY
Release Day Launch ~ Heart Shaped Hack by Tracey G...
Cover Reveal Beneath These Scars by Meghan March
Review Guardians of the Realms series: Piercing Ec...
Review Guardians of the Realms: Denying Ecstasy & ...
Review Guardians of the Realms: Ecstasy Unbound & ...
Blog Tour, Excerpt Reveal & Giveaway~ The Sisters ...
Reviews ~ Slammer by Tabatha Vargo
BLOG TOUR & GIVEAWAY ~ END OF DAY BY JEWEL E. ANN
BLOG TOUR & GIVEAWAY ~ Tyrant by T.M. Frazier
RELEASE DAY BLITZ ~ END OF DAY BY JEWEL E. ANN
Tour Stop Beneath Blood and Bone, Thicker Than Blo...
Tour Stop Souls Unfractured, Hades Hangmen series ...
COVER REVEAL & GIVEAWAY ~ Paper Hearts by Claire C...
Tour Stop + Reviews Hard Charger, Flash Bang Novel...
Release Day Blitz + Review Tracker's End by Chanta...
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Release Day Blitz Beneath Blood and Bone by Madeli...
Cover Reveal The Allure of Dean Harper by R.S. Grey
Release Blitz Hard Charger by Meghan March
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Cover Reveal Wood U by L.G. Pace III & Michelle Pace
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*NEW RELEASE* Just One Kiss by J. Saman
Blog Tour & Reviews - Blood & Rust by Cat Porter
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USA Basketball to conduct youth camps for girls in 7th to 12th grades in California and North Carolina
USA Basketball will conduct two Youth Development Regional Skills Camps open to girls basketball players in 7th-12th grades this October.
The West regional will take place from Oct. 17-18 at Jamtown in Oakland, California. Registration/Details
The East regional camp will be held Oct. 23-25 at the Gateway YWCA in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Registration/Details
The camps will combine on-court skills sessions and scrimmages with off-court educational sessions. The East regional will be capped at 150 players, while the West regional will be capped at 200 athletes.
The cost to attend either camp is $180. Early bird registration is available through Sept. 7 for $150. This price includes a USA Basketball jersey and general athlete insurance. Athletes are responsible for their meals, lodging and transportation. Registration is on a first-come, first-served basis.
Carol Callan, USA Basketball Women's National Team director, will serve as the camp director at both events. The West regional camp will feature Sue Phillips (Archbishop Mitty H.S./San Jose Cagers AAU, Calif.) as the lead clinician, and Jill Rankin Schneider will be the lead clinician for the East regional camp.
Phillips led the USA to gold medals at the 2013 FIBA Americas U16 Championship and the 2014 FIBA U17 World Championship, and she was a head coach of the West team that won bronze at the 2003 USA Basketball Youth Development Festival.
Schneider led the USA to gold at the 2011 FIBA Americas U16 Championship and the 2012 FIBA U17 World Championship, and she was head coach of the 1982 USA Select Team that played in Bolivia. As a USA Basketball athlete, Schneider was a 1979 FIBA World Championship gold medalist and a 1980 U.S. Olympian. She won gold at the 1980 FIBA Olympic Qualifier, silver at the 1979 Pan American Games and gold at the 1979 R. William Jones Cup.
Additionally, serving as court coaches at the West regional will be Markisha Coleman (Menlo-Atherton H.S., Calif.), Jody Craig (Foothill J.C., Calif.), Bryan Gardere (Piedmont H.S., Calif.), Melanie Murphy (Sacred Heart Preparatory, Calif. ) and Kelly Sopak (Miramonte H.S, Calif.).
Among the court coaches for the East regional are Katie Pate (Lenoir-Rhyne University) and Brian Robinson (Bishop McGuinness H.S./Winston-Salem Stealers, N.C.). Robinson is a two-time USA Basketball gold-medal winner as an assistant coach at the women's 2013 FIBA Americas U16 Championship and the 2014 FIBA U17 World Championship.
During the camps, players will take part in skills development drills and activities, scrimmages and sessions away from the court on fitness and wellness.
koko says:


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I have been working in the travel industry since 2006, during which time I have been the recipient of a number of industry awards.
Over the years I have built a great number of strong relationships with my clients and within the industry.
I truly understand how important it is to give prompt and efficient service, to get to know my clients on a personal level, build their trust and deliver a hassle-free experience.
I enjoy sharing my passion for travel and helping others make the most of this fantastic product to enhance their European travel.
Please contact me if you have questions or would like to know more about European car leasing.


Are you looking for a career in computing or IT, but want to learn in a practical way - set free of the classroom? Are you ambitious, self motivated and enthusiastic about technology? Do you want to earn a decent living, not rack up £27,000 of debt over the next three years before you even start earning?
If you found yourself shouting YES at the screen, then a technology focused Apprenticeship might be for you.
Read on to find out more about us, our award winning Apprenticeship programme, current opportunities and where an Apprenticeship with Carbon Six Digital could take you.
Why follow the Apprenticeship path?
It's not that we think the traditional university route is a bad idea. On the contrary, many of us have been to university, loved the experience and found it really valuable.
But there are some very serious shortcomings. A full-time Computing degree is likely to cost up to £27,000, and in many cases won't give you the skills that employers are looking for. This can make it harder for you to find employment that best exploits the investment you've made.
At Carbon Six Digital we believe that there's another way. We've developed an award winning Apprenticeship programme to give you on-the-job training enabling you to develop the knowledge, skills and experience that employers are looking for. In many cases you'll also have the opportunity to obtain industry qualifications with companies such as Microsoft and Oracle. You'll get all of this, plus a reasonable salary and your training costs will be paid for.
These are targeted at anyone looking to start a career in software development or those wanting to change to a career in the field.
Our Advanced Apprentice Software Developers (Level 3) specialise in either Web Development using .Net or Mobile Development using Java. Apprentices get involved in a wide range of activities including the design, development and support of web technologies. Click here to get the full job and training details.
Our Degree Apprentice Software Developers (Level 6) specialise in either software development or management practice. Click here to get the full job and training details.
These are both entry level vacancies that provide a great opportunity to develop digital and management skills while working on real-world projects in a technical role. Apprentices get involved in a wide range of activities core to our business including the design, development and support of web technologies.
An award winning mix of on-the-job learning and classroom training means that you'll build valuable experience, earn a decent living and gain industry recognised qualifications.
We will also be launching a Master Apprentice Software Developer (Level 7) role in September 2019.
We've met a lot of candidates and sifted through a lot of CVs. We know it's hard for candidates to stand out from the crowd for the right reasons.
But it's critical to do your research, make a good first impression and show any prospective employer that you offer what they need.
We regularly attend Apprenticeship, Training, and Careers events across the South East of England. As part of this we run Drop-In CV Clinics where we'll give advice on ways to improve your CV and improve the way you present yourself to prospective employers. We also offer Mock Interviews where you can hone your skills following our real-life interview structure.
Find out about the different Apprenticeships available.
Find out about the training providers that specialise in your target field.
Research the employers that are offering positions.
Your CV is your opportunity to stand out from the crowd: ask someone to review it, ideally someone used to sifting through Apprentice level CVs.
We're looking for candidates with an interest and enthusiasm in technology.
Show us you care - get a part time job, develop a hobby app, or blog about the latest games or tech.


The dynasty continued at the 2018 NCAA DII field hockey championship from the Arthur J. Rooney Athletic Field in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. For the third year in a row, Shippensburg is the national champion.
The all-PSAC final was dominated by impressive defenses that limited scoring chances and shots most of the game.
In the fourth meeting between the two teams this season, Emily Stauffer scored the championship-winning goal quickly at the start of overtime, with Adrienne Mcgarrigle providing the assist.
2006 Bloomsburg (24-0) Jan Hutchinson 1-0 Bentley Pensacola, Fla.