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Home Cover Stories A POST MORTEM ON APARTHEID AND THE LIVES OF FREDERIK WILLEM DE...
A POST MORTEM ON APARTHEID AND THE LIVES OF FREDERIK WILLEM DE KLERK AND DESMOND TUTU
CONTRAST AND CONVERGENCE IN NATION BUILDING: A POST MORTEM ON APARTHEID AND THE LIVES OF FREDERIK WILLEM DE KLERK AND DESMOND TUTU
It was the Ancient Egyptians that entitled one of their intriguing literature "Book of the Dead", adumbrating with rather awry poignancy, and the inevitable duel of humanity with mortality. Death visited its pangs on the nation of South Africa and the African continent as a whole as, Frederick William de Klerk, (1936-2021) who had once ruled the country for six years and ace activist clergyman, Arch Bishop Desmond Tutu (1931-2021) got enlisted in its books. Both men, attained the ripe ages of 85 years and 90 years, respectfully. Strikingly, their accomplished lives were replete of sharp parallels, opposites and ultimately unisons. Not just their country, with the self-styled sobriquet of "Rainbow Nation" a metaphor for its complexion of racial mix mourned them but the global reminiscences of their lives were spontaneous and high pitched.
TWO MEN, TWO CONVICTIONS AND TWO VOCATIONS
Strong in desperate convictions, the duo were also avowed foes, antagonists and each other's group nemesis for a reasonable share of their adult lives; not deliberately self-willed but wrested on them by fate. On one hand, Klerk is descent of the ruling political class of ultra conservative white settlers. He was of the fiercest band of minority White supremacism, and purveyors of Apartheid political credo. Aside, Tutu was not only one of the most vocal voices on global morality, but as a Blackman, amongst the most dogged combatants against Apartheid and White Minority Rule.
Though a trained lawyer from Potchefstroom University, South Africa he was nurtured in the crudest form of racial discrimination and the oppressive expressions that came with it. Like a masquerade expected to dance to rhythms long written before, so his was to enforce what his community of European common descent, ashored high and dry in the belly of equatorial Africa wanted him to do. The fight for survival, for him and his kindred was legitimated fiercely by historical realism and narrow ranged instincts of self-preservation. In a hostile way, he joined to enforce the existing devilry from the early 1970s when he began to hold high public offices. He later became Minister of Social Welfare and Pensions, Minister of Posts and Telecommunications and later, Minister of Mines. However, his most notorious assignments were, respectively Minister of Interior and Minister of Education. Eventually he became President in 1989. Later, he was humble enough to revert to the position of Deputy President under the first Black President of the country from 1994 to 1996.
His partner in life's fight and death, Archbishop Tutu was a man of collar and theology. He had a Bachelors of Arts degree from the University of South Africa, which today is the largest University in Africa, with 420,000 students. In 1960, he chose priesthood, becoming formally ordained the following year and therefore proceeding to Kings College, London for further theological training. He steadily rose through various positions in the Anglican Church in South Africa, Lesotho, and the African Council of Churches. He ultimately held the highest ecclesiastical office as Archbishop of Cape Town and Head of the Church of South Africa.
What made Tutu particularly outstanding was, the fact, that from his earliest priestly days, he stood out as a bellwether of moral rectitude, fight against injustice, unfairness and abuse of human rights not only in his country but the world over. Like the defiant German monk, Dr Martin Luther (1483-1546), about 460 years and the liberation theologises of Latin America, he was loud, defiant and unbending. His treatise was simple. Apartheid was not just injurious to man and human conscience but was a rude disregard for natural order and God's ordinances. Gladly, unlike the political class, his audience was boundless globally.
EXPLAINING THE "WHITES" IN SOUTH AFRICA
Like the human metabolic system, the process of fission, fusion and diffusion of populations has been an important part of human history. Some cases such as the strong black presence in the Americas and Europe, a product of the much loathed Transatlantic Slave Trade, is more known. Related but rather insidious, was the Arab Conquest and demographic reconfiguration of North Africa, nearly 2,000 years ago. In the latter case, time and shared acculturation have helped attenuate to barest minimum the state of inter group disharmony and friction.
The situation of some other regions such as Australia and New Zealand, is peculiar, and akin to the Dutch movement into South Africa.
Going back to the vision of Prince Henry, the Navigator (1394-1460), the Portuguese where the first Europeans to arrive South Africa from the 1488. They named the entire Southern Africa, "Cape of Good Hope", foretelling their desired move into Asia (India, in particular). To aid the ingress and egress of their ships then berthing at what is known today as Cape Town, the Dutch who arrived about the time, became the first Europeans to establish a colony on sub Saharan African soil in 1652. Gladly, the existence of temperate seasonal weather, as it is in Europe, added with the relative absence of mosquitoes favoured quick and rapid population shifts. Much later. The British equally came in to the area, both as bounty from intra-European wars and actual conquest over the Dutch in what became known as the Anglo-Boer Wars. Hence they became the dominant colonial power from 1807. In 1820, the British authorities persuaded about 5,000 middle-class British immigrants to leave Great Britain and also move into the area. As the area attracted a surge in the number of Dutch, a good number of them started to penetrate more inland subduing with varying degrees of success by mortar and ashes, the indigenous people, viz, Xhosa, Bapedi, Tswana, South Ndebele, Basotho, Venda, Tsonga and Swazi.
In course of time, all these alien groups in a criss-cross of what became known as "trekking" consolidated their presence in the interior and established – Cape colony, Natal Colony, Orange-Free Colony and Transvaal Colony forming. Ultimately, the Dutch developed their unique language- Afrikaans and a peculiar form of group consciousness. The Boers or Afrikaners as the Dutch became known and even British also moved quickly to appropriate over 70% of the arable land of the country even though there population never increased beyond 20%. At the same time, natural resources of the mineral-rich country, one of the world's highest deposits in gold and diamond became exclusively for the Dutch or British. Such European companies as De Beers Consolidated Mines and its founder, John Cecil became the owners of the country's mines while the Blacks overtime, becoming the "hewers of wood",
Tracing Apartheid internal politics started the internecine conflict between the Dutch (Boers or Afrikaners) and the British came to an end in 1902 when the former surrendered. In the 1910, what became known as the Union of South Africa, which was a self-Governing Dominion within the British Empire became a nation, propelling an increase in the momentum of political activities in the country. To ensure their group dominance, a political system that promoted Racial Segregation began to be enforced. This was similar to America's segregationist Jim Crow Laws, of the 1860s. Politics at that time became, predominantly, for the white settlers among themselves, even as series of laws were promulgated from 1913-1936, restricting the black owners of the land to "tribal areas".
The British actually pioneered what they called Unionist Party (South Africa) in May 1910 though this quickly dissolved in 1920, when it merged into what became known as South African Party. The Boers also formed their political party known as the National Party of South Africa, in 1910 being a far right wing organization for the preservation of their identity. This notwithstanding in 1912, the few educated Blacks from the country who hitherto had been known under South African Native National Congress founded a political party – South African Congress – which later became known as African National Congress (ANC). Eventually, the country became a sovereign nation and member of the Commonwealth of Nations in 1934 and on 31st May 1961 became a Republic.
To the exclusion of the indigenous populations, the Boers dominated the governance of the country for much of its early history under the South African Party. Things took a turn for the worse in 1948 when the National Party of the Boers took over full governance of the country unleashing resentment on other groups was at two levels. First but less vicious was against the British who were minorities compared to them but figuratively ruled the country for many years as part of the British Empire. More profound to this was their discrimination against the Blacks who they considered as inferior. Indeed, prior to their full political ascendency, a secret Fraternity known as the Afrikaner Broderbund (Afrikaner Brotherhood), had been formed to perpetrate Dutch influence and control. It was based on this ideological thrust by this organization that the policy of "Apartheid", meaning separateness was introduced as the National Party that took over in 1948. Apartheid perpetrated the oppressive rule over the Blacks in South Africa producing some of the most vicious human beings that human history ever saw.
Apartheid which Klerk inherited was therefore formatted to fight, dominate and repress the wrongly perceived enemies. Forgetting the well-studied and scientific evidence of the biological commonality of humankind irrespective of race, creed or tongue, Apartheid insisted on creating its own narrow worldview that separated people based on the physical pigmentation. Whites, as superior castes, in between came Coloured (racially mixed persons and Asiatics) and Blacks as the underdogs. It was a kind of one country, several legal, jurisprudential and social systems.
Amongst other things Apartheid denied non-whites the right to vote, intensified segregation, and disallowed inter racial marriages and sexual relationships and placed severe rights of movement. Brutality against blacks, repression and torture became the order of the day. In the face of global opposition, the Apartheid system also created what it called Bantustans for Blacks to enable them live in their tribal enclaves.
FIGHT AGAINST APARTHEID
Expectedly, Apartheid was strongly opposed not just by the ANC, the dominant black group, but by almost all other bodies such as Labour Unions, Pan African Congress (PAC) which was a break away from the ANC, the Communist Party of South Africa founded in 1921, South African Indian Congress formed in 1921, South African Congress of Democrats formed in 1952. Much later came the wholly back and groups as the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP). Apartheid was also strongly opposed by the rest of the world especially the broad coalition known as Anti-Apartheid Movement founded in 1959 by British clergyman, Trevor Huddleston.
From the 1950s, following the rise of a new generation of Black leaders such as Nelson Mandela, Winnie Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mblaba, there was an aggressive move to embark on Defiance Campaigns. Indeed, by 1955, Mandela and his team launched a Freedom Charter stating the objectives of the struggle for emancipation of the blacks. Although, both ANC and PAC had all hitherto insisted on peaceful protest, this became no longer tenable with increasing repression, and a form of armed struggle started to be canvassed as inevitable. Accordingly, a militant wing of the ANC known as "Umkhonto we Sizwe" (Speer of the Nation) was established in 1963.
Increasingly Black leaders who were politically active and opposed the system were hauled into horrendous maximum prisons for decades. Some others like Steve Biko who was a veteran student union leader and Joe Slovo from the Communist Party were easily murdered. In other more audacious instances such as the Sharpeville Massacre of 21st of March 1960 and Soweto massacre of 16th June 1976, hundreds of unarmed Black Youths were murdered during "Defiance Campaigns".
These notwithstanding, the 1970's and the 80's saw an upsurge in guerrilla attacks on white dominated institutions, coming hand in hand with unscaled international pressure for reform and change. Indeed, the Anti-Apartheid theme began to dominate discussions at United Nations and other international fora for all manner of sanctions were also imposed on the separatist South African government. These all heralded the capitulation of obnoxious system from the 1980s.
First was the constitutional reforms of 1983 to allow Coloured and Indian limited participation in separate Legislative Houses which were established. This led on 24th July 1986 also to the abolition of the "Pass Laws", which since 1952 restricted the movement of certain citizens particularly the blacks into most urban parts of the country. It was during this period, that the burden of governance fell on de Klerk as leader of National Party and Head of Government to open formal negotiations with the blacks led by ANC. Eventually, this paved the way for the release of Mandela and other political prisoners, after a quarter of a century in incarceration. It also ensured the reconfiguration of the country into nine (9) new provinces to replace the four (4) provinces for whites and ten (10) black homelands. In the eventual elections held in April 1994, the ANC led by Mandela won with over 62% leading to the swearing in of the country's First Black President.
A WORTHY SHARED LEGACY
For the fact that Klerk lived and rose through the ranks of the oppressive Apartheid system, some groups especially in South Africa, are averse to his seeming spiritual and mortal rebirth later in life and the bold steps which he took to dismantle what seemed like his group's inheritance. It must be appreciated however, that despite the daunting challenge of his own white extremist groups to disrupt the process of political reform, when it started, he was able to insist that Apartheid had to be pulled down. Beyond that, during the transition period, and even after leaving power, he has openly apologized for the atrocities committed by the group which he hitherto belonged to who perpetuated one of the most heinous crimes ever committed by man against man.
Indeed at the dawn of the new nation, Bishop Tutu provided the moral and spiritual forte for Black sustenance in negotiation and building an inclusive new nation. Thereafter, he was trusted with one of the most difficult assignments for any black man in that country. After his life-long combat against Apartheid, after using his position as a leading clergy global Christian communion to tour the world to pour out invectives on separatist leaders, the onus now fell on him to head what the country called "Truth and Reconciliation Committee". Indeed, they needed a man of candour with the grace of God to help reconcile the irreconcilables. This he did with the highest level of dexterity.
In death, de Klerk shared a place of heroism with Bishop Tutu as they both settled to build a country where the painful years had to be seen from the prism of "no winner no vanquished".
As the curtain of life eclipsed on these two global figures, the Nobel Peace Prize, which they won respectively in 1984 for Tutu and 1993 for de Klerk, would dwarf in the face of their eternal appreciation and applause as men of incontrovertible legacies and strength of character.
Igali is Pro Chancellor, Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA)
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In memory of Gretchen DeWitt, founder of PEACE Animals
On November 11th, we lost one of the most caring and compassionate people on the planet, Gretchen Dewitt. We animalists are in mourning for the loss of this great woman, her tireless effort in the aid of all animals will live on.
Gretchen co-founded the SPCA Puerto Vallarta association and in 2009, she joined Peace Mexico's board of directors, focusing her fundraising efforts primarily on "Aid to Animals." In June 2013, Gretchen and Amy Welch, former treasurer of PEACE USA, founded Peace Animals, whose mission is to prevent animal suffering. Her effort made an impact by reducing animal overpopulation in Puerto Vallarta and Bahia de Banderas.
The latest sterilization campaign, alongside PEACE Animals, took place from October 28th to the 31st, resulting in a total of 116 sterilized dogs and cats.
Gretchen passed away unexpectedly and peacefully at her home in downtown Puerto Vallarta. She lived a full and happy life traveling around the world, laughing, helping people and animals in need, and loving all that this wonderful planet has to offer. Her legacy will continue to live on with her husband, Ned, her four children, ten grandchildren, her two dogs and six cats (all rescued).
All of us at PEACE Punta de Mita deeply regret the passing of Mrs. Gretchen DeWitt, and would like to extend our heartfelt condolences to her family.
Rest in peace our dear Gretchen.

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(b) a warrant case, he may issue a warrant, or, if he thinks fit, a summons, for causing the accused to be brought or to appear at a certain time before such Magistrate or (if he has no jurisdiction himself) some other Magistrate having jurisdiction.
(2) But the Magistrate inquiring into or trying the case, may, in his discretion, at any stage of the proceedings, direct the personal attendance of the accused, and, if necessary, enforce such attendance in the manner hereinbefore provided.
Provided that the amount of the fine specified in such summons shall not exceed [one thousand rupees].
(2) For the purposes of this section, "petty offence" means any offence punishable only with fine not exceeding one thousand rupees, but does not include any offence punishable under the [Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 (4 of 1939)]or under any other law which provides for convicting the accused person in his absence on a plea of guilty.
"(a) Commit the case, after complying with the provisions of Section 207 or Section 208, as the case may be, to the Court of Session, and subject to the provision of this Code relating to bail, remand the accused to custody until such commitment has been made." [President Act 30 of 1976, S. 2 w.e.f 7.7.1976].
(1) When in a case instituted otherwise than on a police report (hereinafter referred to as a complaint case), it is made to appear to the Magistrate, during the course of the inquiry or trial held by him, that an investigation by the police is in progress in relation to the offence which is the subject-matter of the inquiry or trial held by him, the Magistrate shall stay the proceedings of such enquiry or trial and call for a report on the matter from the police officer conducting the investigation.


Not much will happen for you until you consciously decide to give up a few vices in your life that are having a serious effect on your personal well-being. Realize that you don't have complete control over your life if there are certain things that control you. Try not to fight this truth. Simply accept that these things exist in your world, and understand that you can co-exist without having to surrender to their power.


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In response to his inappropriate behaviour, a restaurant has banned comedian James Corden
James Corden, a comedian and television host, was briefly barred from a New York restaurant. Owner of the Balthazar restaurant, Keith McNally, criticised the late-night programme host for allegedly acting inappropriately at his establishment, according to People. The comedian has been essentially barred from McNally's restaurant, according to a post on Instagram.
"James Corden is a hugely gifted comedian, but a tiny Cretin of a man. And the most abusive customer to my Balthazar servers since the restaurant opened 25 years ago. I don't often 86 a customer, to today I 86'd Corden. It did not make me laugh," Keith McNally said.
He said that James Corden misbehaved there as well at McNally's former eatery, Cafe Luxembourg. Keith McNally recalled how James Corden stopped by the eatery in June, saying that the "TV personality showed the hair to Balthazar manager G. who was very apologetic. Corden was extremely nasty to G, and said: 'Get us another round of drinks this second. And also take care of all of our drinks so far. This way I write any nasty reviews in yelp or anything like that."
In a separate incident that happened earlier this month, the restaurant owner charged James Corden with criticising the food his wife ordered.
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Thoughtful, fresh and creative DESIGN is the foundation of any successful practice. Our design approach is like that of a tailor, uniquely fitting each design to its site and client. We begin the process from the 'outside' looking in, evaluating zoning, environmental and contextual factors. We then overlay the client's program, building from the 'inside' looking out, forming spaces and their relationships to each other with circulation, function, furnishings, views, daylight and such.
A few design fundamentals are constants. We think beyond the structure as an object, to the layers of movement, use and environment - seeing the design as a dynamic experience, as a unified creation of PLACE. We strive to be sympathetic to the character and nature of the SITE, seeking to weave the built environment into the landscape. DAYLIGHT can be a transformative tool, bringing the extraordinary to an otherwise ordinary space.
We are STYLISTICALLY DIVERSE, seeding conceptual design with the ideals and goals of our client. Their vision may be modern and daylight driven, or a classic New England home, a shingle style, a traditional bungalow, rustic bark-on log structure, post and beam, arts and crafts, etc. Our PROJECT TYPES include: houses, cottages, cabins, camps, compounds, boathouses, vacation retreats, sheds, even a bus retro into a camper. Project scales vary widely from substantial compounds to modest additions and renovations.
We frequently engage in the design, detailing and fabrication of elements, or 'THINGS'. They are usually an extension of a larger place, or project. The integration of these things can contribute a wonderful sense of character and uniqueness.
We are committed to the integration of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES and the use of SUSTAINABLE materials and methods in our practice. Environmentally responsible design such as passive solar and ventilation, local materials and trades, tight building envelope and high-efficiency systems have been part of our ethic for years; much of it is just good design. We have our first NET ZERO building under construction. It features Passive House details of high-performance building envelope, geothermal heat and photovoltaic panels, using the grid for 'storage'.
Straightforward conversations about BUDGET regarding construction costs and fees is essential. Establishing and maintaining realistic budget expectations at every step along the way is an essential part of our process, and makes for a positive outcome.
BUILDERS love working with us. We thrive on a detailed knowledge of building materials, assemblies and systems, and are big believers in teaming those issues with builders; working with, learning from, and empowering them to get it right.
Dogmatic and fastidious ATTENTION to details and systems is an essential aspect of what makes any project ultimately successful. It is about proper, smart detailing for wind-driven rain or wet basements; about understanding materials and their maintenance cycles. We stay with an issue till it is 'right'; minding the details is a hallmark of our practice.
We find great joy in this CRAFT of ours: working with ideas, paper, computers, our hands - collaborating with clients, builders, trades, and craftspeople - creating special places and things, large and small.
Will Winkelman has been a registered architect in Maine since 1989. A member of the AIA, he has been practicing architecture for 29 years, most of that time focused on residential work.
Born and raised in Memphis, Tennessee, Will graduated from the University of Houston with a Bachelors degree in Architecture in 1982. From there, he moved to San Francisco where he worked for Kaplan / McLaughlin / Diaz Architects, a large design oriented firm focused on health care projects. Two years later he took a leap of faith and moved to Maine, joining Goduti / Thomas Architects in Portland. He soon discovered Peaks Island, his home for the last 26 years. In 1990 he joined Whitten Architects where his skills were nurtured for 17 years, the last two of which he was a partner in the practice. Residential work was their primary focus.
In the spring of 2007 Will established Winkelman Architecture. A founding ideal was to keep the practice small with the goal of keeping his hand intimately engaged in the detail and nuance of all of the office's projects.
His work is informed by both personal and professional experiences. The hands-on building of his own home with a limited budget on an island site over the course of 8 years gave him a profound education, learning the consequences of "lines on paper". It also taught an appreciation for the builder's perspective. His professional work has evolved over the years from a mix of commercial and residential to a practice focused solely on residential work. He has also nurtured an ongoing fascination with industrial design, creating 'things' when he can in his home shop.
'Place' is important to all of us, both where we live and where we work. A work place that nurtures the soul is also one that is conducive to our creative endeavor.
It is our good fortune that our work place is such a space. We are located on Union Wharf in the midst of Portland's working waterfront, perched in a wonderfully daylit second floor space overlooking the wide range of the harbor's activities.
The office's design and location embody the passion, creativity and love of place we bring to our work.
©2019 Winkelman Architecture. Website by cgCraft llc.


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L A S Art Le Blog Des Arts Plastiques Et Du Graphisme Avec 08 Et Pochoir Street Art Gratuit A Imprimer 12 Retravaillez L Image Avec Le Pinceau Et La Gomme Pochoir Street Art Gratuit A Imprimer is one of pictures thet are related with the picture before in the collection gallery. If you would like to see the L A S Art Le Blog Des Arts Plastiques Et Du Graphisme Avec 08 Et Pochoir Street Art Gratuit A Imprimer 12 Retravaillez L Image Avec Le Pinceau Et La Gomme Pochoir Street Art Gratuit A Imprimer in High Resolution [HD Resolution] version, please press the right click on picures/image then choose "Save as Image" option, and done. You will get L A S Art Le Blog Des Arts Plastiques Et Du Graphisme Avec 08 Et Pochoir Street Art Gratuit A Imprimer 12 Retravaillez L Image Avec Le Pinceau Et La Gomme Pochoir Street Art Gratuit A Imprimer pictures that you want. The exactly dimension of L A S Art Le Blog Des Arts Plastiques Et Du Graphisme Avec 08 Et Pochoir Street Art Gratuit A Imprimer 12 Retravaillez L Image Avec Le Pinceau Et La Gomme Pochoir Street Art Gratuit A Imprimer was 1280x749 pixels. You can also look for some pictures by collection on below this picture. Find the other picture or article about Pochoir Street Art Gratuit A Imprimer here. We hope it can help you to get information of the picture.


'Great Barrier Reef Stories' is a new blog series by Killian Quigley, who is thinking literarily about the stories we're told, and are telling, about the Reef. This first entry describes Killian's inspiration and intent, shows how Reef stories sometimes contest one another, and examines 'Chasing Coral,' a tale of coralline crisis and human epiphany.
By Ryan Yee via Shutterstock. Stock photo ID: 732636385.
Stories matter. They tell us what has happened, they suggest what can happen, and they predict what will happen. They train our attention to specific characters, settings, and incidents. They imply relationships: among events and consequences, characters and communities, behaviours and moral precepts. They issue from certain tellers, and direct themselves at certain audiences. I'm not only referring to literature, or whatever you call the results of deliberately artful composition. We all tell stories, all the time, and when we do so, we do more than enumerate facts. We remember, imagine, and describe. We organise particular pieces of information toward particular ends, ends informed by personal impulses as well as external pressures. The details we select, and the structures we erect, indicate not only our senses of the outside world, but of our own histories, communities, and identities. Pay special attention, next time you're asked where you're from, or what you do: in responding, what do you include, and what do you leave out? What general impression do you aim – consciously or unconsciously – to communicate to your hearer, and why?
The Great Barrier Reef is not dead. That's a story – or the premise of one, or a counter-narrative to one. One of the people telling it is Andy Ridley, CEO of Citizens of the Great Barrier Reef, an incipient organisation – it doesn't really kick off 'til next month – devoted, in large part, to resisting the "story that our reef is no longer salvageable." I met Andy last weekend in Mission Beach, Queensland, where we were among those celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of a successful grassroots campaign to protect nearby Ellison Reef from mining. (In my colleague Iain McCalman's account, that campaign proved the fruitful germ of the establishment of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, and of its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage site.) Before the event, I'd never heard of Citizens, but as I met and chatted with fellow celebrants, its name – and Andy's – kept coming up. It became clear to me, from those conversations and from the day's many other rich exchanges, that there's a great deal of concern for what stories get told about the Great Barrier Reef, and what stories we'd do well to tell.
As a teacher, scholar, and student of literature, I spend a lot of time reading, pondering, and writing about stories. I returned from Mission Beach feeling that I should apply what skills and knowledge I've got to exploring narratives about the Reef – to examining what forms they take, to considering what identities and communities they conjure, and even, ultimately, to charting new tales. So I'm going use this space to familiarise myself – and, if you'll join me, yourselves – with significant Reef stories, and to get a grip on how those stories operate. Think of this as a slightly unusual – and sustained – exercise in close reading. If that sounds dryly analytical, I promise that it needn't be – I promise, to the contrary, that it can be thrilling, if it succeeds in illuminating aspects of story that we don't ordinarily notice. What I won't be doing is serving as a thoughtless mouthpiece for those stories; nor, for that matter, will I be out to tear them down. These will be experiments – essays, in the traditional sense of that word – investigating and comparing diverse Reef stories, and for them to succeed, I'll need your help (more on this in a bit).
Best to begin with an example – with a story. It's a fair and fêted one, which I caught this week at a Sydney Ideas event here on campus. Chasing Coral premiered on Netflix in July, after winning the Audience Award for U.S. Documentary at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival, in Utah. It's a tale of coralline crisis, in a time of rapidly warming and acidifying oceans, and a tale of ardent efforts to visualise – and so raise awareness of – that crisis. Its cinematographic techniques are breathtakingly effective, whether capturing the creeping horror of deteriorating coral beds or the chromatic splendour of healthy reefs. Most spectacular, perhaps, are its achievements in rendering coral animate – in making its polyps move, and thus making it lively. (Queensland's own BioQuest Studios was instrumental in delivering such scenes; you can see some examples of their work here.) The film's efforts to this end prompt some challenging ideas: are we so narrow-minded about life that we need things to move around to be convinced they aren't dead? What other evidence would we be willing to credit? And what sorts of emotion do we require in order to empathise with lives unlike our own? Must we empathise in order to care?
Importantly, Chasing Coral is also a story of human epiphanies. Two in particular stand out. Erstwhile adperson Richard Vevers recalls being thunderstruck into awareness of the plight of the world's reefs and sharing his revelation – and reformation – with Jeff Orlowski, who would direct and co-produce Chasing Coral. In one memorable scene, Ruth Gates, of the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, explains the nature of the coral animal to a stunned Vevers. His transformation charts an occupational and ethical trajectory, from conversing trivially about marketing toilet-paper to founding The Ocean Agency. This is Vevers on the path to enlightenment, and the movie's made in such a way as to make its audience feel that they're travelling along with him.
For about the second half of the film, its characterological centre shifts, from Vevers to Zackery Rago, a young technician and aquarist. It is Rago's emotional response to the travails of documenting coral bleaching, and above all to the bleaching itself, that drives the documentary, and its audience's experience, toward the finish. By showing us the intellectual and sentimental formation of its protagonists, Chasing Coral invokes the literary tradition of the bildungsroman, or novel of education, exemplified by works like Goethe's Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (1795-6), Dickens's David Copperfield (1849-50), and D. H. Lawrence's Sons and Lovers. Distant relations, perhaps, but significant ones: acknowledging them helps us understand how narratives like Chasing Coral work, and how they relate to us as their audiences. On their website, the filmmakers quote Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, of the Global Change Institute at the University of Queensland: "It's not too late," they cite him as saying. "It's still possible to reduce the rate at which the climate is changing, and that's within our power today." It's worth noticing how Chasing Coral communicates its messages, and how its modes of storytelling relate to those messages. Doing so empowers us: as watchers, as thinkers, and as citizens.
Killian Quigley is Postdoctoral Research Fellow at SEI. Share your impressions of these stories – and of others – with him at killian.quigley@sydney.edu.au. Be sure to check out the panel discussion that followed the Sydney Ideas screening – it features Profs. Maria Byrne, Jody Webster, Iain McCalman, and Ana Vila-Concejo. And for an expert view of environmental narratives, I recommend the work of Ursula Heise – check out this episode of the Generation Anthropocene podcast.


Lily's Bakersfield Florist would like to introduce you to our divine Waltzing With Daises. This lovely flower bouquet is a favorite with the lovely folk in Bakersfield. It is florist designed and features lovelies like white daisy spray chrysanthemums and red alstroemeria.
Conjuring images of the music of babbling brooks and birds chirping this bouquet sends you to a beautiful sunshine filled day way off in the mountains or walking along a forest path. This adoring bouquet will be perfect to tell your special someone that you love them, or perhaps you wish to make a statement at their birthday, or as a special gift to send as a beautiful congratulations to new parents.
This is a real classic and will be delivered to your friend(s) or loved one in a stunning vase. Wherever you need it delivered we are here for you - hospital, home, or work. We offer same day delivery as well to add convenience to your life.
Lily's Florist Tip: Flowers love to drink water, but they also enjoy a little shot of alcohol from time to time. Just a little in the vase will help to keep the bacteria from growing and will keep these beauties fresh much longer.


When I recall cranberry sauce from family gatherings in Michigan when I was younger, I remember a red, gelatinous mass in the shape of a can. I bet you know exactly what I'm talking about. Sometimes it would be broken up into jiggly shards, but usually they would just slide it straight from the can into a small bowl and park it next to the turkey. While it wasn't appetizing in the least, I was fascinated as to why something that appeared more akin to a science experiment was such a staple during the holidays. And perhaps out of sympathy for the person who brought it or just being an opponent of wasted food, I would always extract a spoonful from it and attempt to "spread" it on my turkey.
While I didn't particularly enjoy the flavor, the syrupy-sweetness, or the texture, I eventually came to find it strangely comforting. Whether it was thought of as good or bad, it didn't change the fact that it was always there. It was reliable - a constant. During my first Thanksgiving living in Austin, I even purchased a ceremonial can of cranberry sauce which I didn't even end up opening. It was just to have it.
Fast forward a few years to 2005 and spending Thanksgiving with a friend's family. I had spent the past couple Thanksgivings in Texas on my own, so I was grateful to him and his family for extending their hospitality to me, regardless of how the holidays made me feel at the time. I wanted to contribute something to the potluck, but they assured me they had everything, from the turkey to corn on the cob to the can of cranberry sauce, covered. But knowing the lonely fate of that can, I decided that I wanted to actually make cranberry sauce from scratch, and I insisted on bringing it. And when I placed it next to the turkey and we all began to eat, it ended up being far from lonely, drawing rave reviews from everyone there.
So for Thankgiving recipe #3, I present to you a simple and beautiful take on cranberry sauce.
1. You can use either fresh or frozen cranberries and blueberries. If using fresh, rinse thoroughly.
2. Combine berries, fresh orange juice, and unrefined sugar in a small saucepan and bring to a simmer over medium heat. This will take about five minutes; closer to ten if using frozen berries. Be careful to avoid letting the mixture boil over. Also, when the cranberries begin to pop, try not to be alarmed.
3. When the popping begins to slow, add ginger and zest. Reduce temperature to low heat and continue cooking for about five more minutes.
4. Remove from heat source and allow to cool. Cranberries naturally contain a good amount of pectin, so as the mixture cools it will continue to thicken significantly.
5. Makes roughly 2 cups.
Most recipes for cranberry sauce call for twice the amount of sugar, and indeed, when I first made it, that's how much I used. But in all that sweetness, you can lose the characteristic flavor and tartness of the cranberries. Using raw coconut palm sugar, I found that half a cup was plenty sweet. But acknowledging that my idea of "sweet" is not really sweet at all to most, feel free to adjust the sugar ratio to your preference. Other potential adjustments to make this recipe your own include adding ground spices like cinnamon or allspice, using different juices or even champagne, or incorporating chopped nuts or other fresh fruits.
And beyond serving alongside the turkey during the holidays, there are also a variety of ways to enjoy this cranberry compote year-round. I personally like to make nut butter and jelly sandwiches with it or spread it on waffles and pancakes instead of syrup. It's also killer spooned warm onto frozen desserts or mixed into plain yogurt.
May this recipe bring comfort, contentment, and blissful smiles to your next holiday gathering.
This batch I made for the photos didn't last long. Excited to make it again for next week!
Zaaaaooooombaaaay, zaaaaooooombaaaay, zaaaoooombaaay eeehh, aaayyy eehhh, ooohhh ohhh! Oh wait, not those cranberries.... =p I tried posting comments on this 3 times now... hmmmm. Anyway, you know I love a good relish, compote, marmalade,jelly and chutney. I made 2 big batches of this over the weekend and I jessified them by adding in some mandarin juice, a little dried ginger along with the fresh, a sprinkle of cinnamon and a few pinches of freshly ground allspice. I actually gave a pint of it to one of my coworkers for them to use for their Thursday feast =) I think this would be great with a good variety of nuts, but you know my favorites, pistachio and maybe if you can afford some, toasted pine nuts.. mmmmm! I'll be incorporating some of the batches I made into baked goods as well. How about a Cranberry,almond and chia seed loaf?
Um, yes. Definitely yes to the cranberry almond chia seed loaf.


text:
Use of Chitosan to Control Crown Gall Disease
A.F. Abd El- Rahman, H. Abd El- Ghany, Z. Moussa and Hanan A. Shaheen
The antibacterial activity of chitosan solution against Agrobacterium tumifaciens was investigated in this study. The in vitro antibacterial effect of chitosan against A. tumifaciens was affected by chitosan concentrations, pH value, concentration of acetic acid used to dissolve chitosan and incubation time. Chitosan concentrations 2.5 mg mL–1 and 5 mg mL–1 exhibited strong antibacterial activity at the pH 6.6 and 5.6, respectively. The gall diameter and gall weight of tomato seedlings at dipping time 10 and 20 min was significantly reduced by chitosan concentrations 2.5 and 5 mg mL–1 at pH 6.6 and 5.6, respectively. The viable bacterial counts after 8 h of incubation in chitosan concentration 5 mg mL–1 at pH 5.6 was 0.0 log CFU mL–1.
A.F. Abd El- Rahman, H. Abd El- Ghany, Z. Moussa and Hanan A. Shaheen, 2015. Use of Chitosan to Control Crown Gall Disease. Plant Pathology Journal, 14: 130-135.
Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin, a major component of the shells of crustaceans such as crab, shrimp and crawfish. In recent years, many investigations showed that chitosan could play important roles in plant protection; it can inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, viruses and other pests (El Hadrami et al., 2010). Chitosan has several advantages over other antimicrobial substances. It has a higher antimicrobial activity, a broader spectrum of activity, a higher killing rate and a lower toxicity toward mammalian cells (Luo and Wang, 2013). Several investigations have been recently done on use of chitosan to control plant bacterial disease (Li et al., 2008, 2010, 2013b; Algam et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2012, 2014; Coqueiro et al., 2011). Concentrations of chitosan that inhibit growth of bacteria differ according to bacterial species and the type of chitosan. Chitosan showed potential applicant to control of different bacterial plant diseases in greenhouse experiments. It inhibited bacterial head rot of broccoli (Li et al., 2010), rice leaf blight and leaf streak (Li et al., 2013a) and bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon (Li et al., 2013b). Badawy and Rabea (2013) found that O-(benzoyl) chitosan derivatives inhibit Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Furthermore, chitosan used to inhibit fungal diseases; it used to inhibit tomato root rot under greenhouse conditions (Abd-El-Kareem et al., 2006). The time of contact between chitosan and bacteria, affect the viability of the bacterial cells. When the incubation time of contact between bacterial cells and chitosan increases the bacterial cell number decreases (Li et al., 2010, 2013a).
Chitosan is adsorbed on gram-negative bacteria resulted in changes of cell wall and in the permeability of cell membrane leading to the death of the bacteria (Chung et al., 2004).
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a gram-negative soilborne bacterium has worldwide distribution. It causes crown gall disease on a wide range of plants (Islam et al., 2010).
This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of chitosan against A. tumefaciens in vitro and in vivo, also evaluate the effect of incubation time of A. tumefaciens with chitosan solution and the absorption of chitosan on the bacterial cell of tested bacteria.
Source of pathogenic bacteria and chitosan: A virulent isolate of plant pathogenic bacterium of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was obtained from; Bacterial Dis. Res. Dept., Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
Chitosan extracted from crab shells (Poly-(l.4-B-D-glucopyranose mine), 2-Amino-2-deoxy-(l->4)-B-D-glucopyran, was obtained from-ROTH-Bestellen sie zum Nulltarif) was used in this experiments.
Effect of chitosan concentrations at different pH values on the growth of A. tumifaciens in vitro
Preparation of chitosan concentrations: High concentrations of chitosan (5, 10 and 15 mg mL–1) were dissolved in 1% acetic acid solution, while low concentrations of chitosan (1 and 2.5 mg mL–1) were dissolved in lower concentration of acetic acid (0.5 and 0.25% acetic acid) after shaking (160 rpm) for 24 h at room temperature. The dissolved solutions were alkalized with NaOH (Li et al., 2008) to different pH values (4.0, 5.6, 6.6, 7.6 and 8.6) for high concentrations of chitosan, while the pH values for low concentrations were adjusted to 5.6 and 6.6. Aqueous acetic acid solutions (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0%) alkalized by using NaOH and adjusted to pH 4.0, 5.6, 6.0, 7.6 and 8.6 to use as controls. Chitosan and control solutions were autoclaved at 121°C for 20 min.
Antibacterial activity of chitosan: The inhibitory effect of different concentrations of chitosan against the growth of A. tumefaciens was evaluated by using filter paper disc method (Algam et al., 2010). After 48 h of incubation at 28°C, bacterial growth of A. tumefaciens was harvested into saline solution (0.85% NaCl) to prepare bacterial suspension that was adjusted to 108 CFU mL–1 approximately. Add 3 mL of the suspension to 500 mL of melted King's B agar (KBA), then poured in sterilized petri dishes and allowed to solidify.
Autoclaved 5 mm diameter of filter paper discs (Whatman No.1, Whatman international, UK) were soaked in the chitosan concentration (high and low concentrations) for 5 min and then one disc were placed on the center of each inoculated plate. Negative controls were done with alkalized acetic acid in the same way. Plates were incubated for 48 h at 28°C and then the diameters of the inhibition zones were measured. Each treatment was replicated three times.
Pots experiment: Chitosan concentrations (5 mg mL–1 at pH 5.6, 1 and 2.5 mg mL–1 at pH 6.6) were used in this experiment. Tomato seedlings-cv. Peto 86 (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill) 3 weeks old obtained from Agricultural Green House, Ministry of Agriculture, Doki, Giza, Egypt, were used as test plants. Tomato seedlings were wounded (1-2 mm depth) by sterilized scalpel at the crown region. The wounded crown regions of tomato seedlings were dipped in the chitosan solution at different dipping times; just dipping, l0 and 20 min. Tomato seedlings were soaked in diluted acetic acid solution (0.5% at pH 5.6 and 1.0% at pH 5.6) for the same dipping times and used as control. Every soaked tomato seedling was transplanted in pot (20 cm diameter×20 cm height) containing new mixed soil (clay-sandy soil in ratio 1:1 in weight) previously inoculated with 50 mL suspension of the pathogen (108 CFU mL–1). Five pots were inoculated by only the pathogen and used as positive control. In addition, five pots treated only with water and served as negative control. The pots were arranged in a randomized block design with five replicates.
The plants were examined for gall formation after 3-4 weeks. Disease severity of crown gall was estimated as average of gall diameter (mm)/plant and average of gall weight (g)/plant. Percentage of Disease Reduction (PDR) was calculated form diameter and weight of galls (Tawfik et al., 2005) as following:
where, C is average of gall diameter or weight in positive control treatment. E is average of gall diameter or weight in treatments.
The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse (Cereal Dis., Res. Dept., Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt).
Effect of incubation time and adsorptive characteristics of chitosan on bacterial cell: Chitosan concentration 5 mg mL–1 in 1% acetic acid at pH 5.6 was prepared as mentioned before. Chitosan solution was inoculated with A. tumifaciens to obtain a final concentration of bacterial cells 108 CFU mL–1 approximately. In the control treatment, chitosan stock was replaced with sterile water of pH 5.6. The mixture was shacked at 100 rpm min–1 for 10 min. There were two flasks of bacterial suspension; first one to study the effect of incubation time while, second one for study the adsorptive characteristics of chitosan on bacterial cell. For the first flask, tenfold serial dilution was applied after 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h of incubation time under shaking and 0.1 mL of each dilution was spread on KBA plates and after 48 h the number of Colony Forming Units (CFU) were determined and Log CFU mL–1 were calculated (Li et al., 2010, 2013b). The second flask of bacteria-chitosan suspension mixture, the same incubation times and techniques mentioned before were applied except that the chitosan-bacteria mixture was allowed to settle for 10 min before take 0.1 mL of upper layer to spread on the plates (Chung et al., 2004). The number of CFU was determined and Log10 CFU mL–1 was calculated as mention before. The same measured was applied in the water control flasks.
Statistical analysis: Collected data was firstly subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) as completely randomized design according to Gomez and Gomez (1984). Comparisons among treatment means were made using Duncan multiple range test.
Effect of chitosan concentrations at different pH values on the growth of A. tumifaciens in vitro: The diameter of inhibition zone on growth of A. tumifaciens was used as a parameter to evaluate the antibacterial activity of different concentrations of chitosan at different pH values. Data in Table 1 revealed that chitosan at different concentrations (5, 10 and 15 mg mL–1) at pH 6.6, 7.6 and 8.6 dissolved in 1% acetic acid had no significant inhibitory effect the growth of A. tumifaciens.
Table 1: Effect of different concentrations of chitosan dissolved in 1% acetic acid on the growth of A. tumifaciens
Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to LSD test (p≤0.05)
Table 2: Effect of different concentrations of chitosan dissolved in 0.25 and 0.5% concentrations of acetic acid on growth of A. tumifaciens
The inhibition zones of the three aforementioned pH and the three tested concentrations were equal to that of control treatment (0.0 cm), except the concentration 5 mg mL–1 of chitosan at pH 6.6 where the inhibition zone was 0.83 cm that had significant increase in the inhibitory effect.
Different concentrations of chitosan varied in their antibacterial activities against A. tumifaciens according to their pH. Whereas, pH 5.6 was the most favorable pH for antibacterial activity to all tested chitosan concentrations (5, 10 and 15 mg mL–1, respectively) where, the inhibition zones were 1.10, 1.03 and 0.97 cm, respectively compared to control treatment that had no inhibitory effect. All the three tested concentrations had significant difference with control treatment, while there was no significant difference between these three tested concentrations in their inhibitory effect on tested bacteria.
The control treatment of alkalinized acetic acid having pH 4 caused inhibition zone 1.07 cm. Only the concentration 5 mg mL–1 of pH 4 had inhibition zone diameter 1.93 cm had significant difference when compared with control and had 0.86 cm increment than control. On the other hand, there were no significant increase on inhibition zone of the other two concentrations (10 and 15 mg mL–1) than the control treatments. These two treatments had inhibition diameter 1.17 and 1.40 cm and caused increase in the inhibition zone by 0.33 and 0.10 cm.
Therefore, the best treatment in Table 1 was 5 mg mL–1 of chitosan concentration at pH 5.6 dissolved in 1% acetic acid that caused 1.10 cm increase in inhibition zone in growth of A. tumifaciens.
Data in Table 2 indicated that the effect of low concentrations of chitosan (1 and 2.5 mg mL–1) that dissolved in low concentrations of acetic acid (0.25 and 0.5%) on growth of A. tumifaciens varied according to pH values and chitosan concentrations. Chitosan at concentrations 1 and 2.5 mg mL–1 that dissolved in acetic acid concentration 0.25% had no effective antibacterial activity where the inhibition zones were (0.0 cm). While, chitosan soluble in 0.5% acetic acid causing inhibition the growth of A. tumifaciens. Furthermore, the inhibition zone diameter gave significant increment with increase of pH value from 5.6-6.6; it increase from 2.5-5.67 cm at dissolved chitosan of 1 mg mL–1 concentration in 0.5% acetic acid and significant increase from 3.17-7.4 cm with chitosan concentration 2.5 mg mL–1 dissolved in 0.5% acetic acid.
With pH 5.6 and acetic concentration 0.5%, the increase of soluble chitosan concentration from 1-2.5 mg mL–1 led to non-significant increase in inhibition zone from 2.5-3.17 cm. On the other hand, with pH 6.6 and acetic concentration 0.5%, the increase of soluble chitosan concentration from 1-2.5 mg mL–1 lead to significant increase in inhibition zone from 5.67-7.4 cm. Therefore, the best results in this table were recorded with the last two mentioned treatments.
Pot experiment: Results in Table 3 indicate that all tested concentrations of chitosan significantly reduced the tomato crown gall severity comparing with untreated plants. Data also showed that the severity of crown gall decreased significantly by increasing concentrations of chitosan. Chitosan concentration 5.0 mg mL–1 gave the highest percentage disease reduction (100%) and completely reduced the disease severity to 0.0 at any tested dipping times followed by chitosan concentrations 2.5 and 1.0 mg mL–1, respectively where the percentage disease reductions in gall diameter or in gall weight were 52.0, 40.0% and 65.3, 62.5%, respectively at just dipping time.
Dipping the tomato seedlings in the chitosan concentrations at three different times (just dipping, 10 and 20 min) before sowing in the infested soil led to different degrees of plant protection.
Dipping tomato seedlings for 10 and 20 min before sowing gave the most effective results where the percentages disease reduction in gall diameter or gall weight were 100% at all tested chitosan concentrations, while just dipping was the lowest effective one at chitosan concentrations 2.5 and 1 mg mL–1, respectively. Tomato seedlings in the negative control were free form symptoms while that in the positive control gave 100% disease severity.
Effect of incubation time of chitosan on bacterial cell count: Data in Table 4 showed that in the absence of chitosan, the viable bacterial counts in sterile water (immediately treatment) significantly decreased after 6 h of incubation compared to the presence of chitosan (immediately treatment), the viable bacterial counts were significantly decreased after 2 h of incubation where the viable bacterial counts decreased by 0.39 and 0.55 log CFU mL–1, respectively compared to the starting value.
Table 3: Effect of different concentrations of chitosan in control of crown gall disease on tomato seedlings
Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to LSD test (p≤0.05)
Table 4: Effect of incubation time and adsorptive characteristics of chitosan concentration 5 mg mL–1 against A. tumefaciens cells
Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to LSD test (p≤0.05), CFU: Colony forming unit
In general, this study indicated that the antibacterial activity of chitosan was affected by the incubation time.
Effect of adsorptive characteristics of chitosan on bacterial cell count: Data in Table 4 showed that in the absence of chitosan, the viable bacterial counts in sterile water (10 min settle treatment) significantly decreased after 6 h of incubation compared to the presence of chitosan (10 min settle treatment), the viable bacterial counts were significantly decreased after 2 h of incubation, where the viable bacterial counts decreased by 0.55 and 0.28 log CFU mL–1, respectively compared to the starting value.
Also, the viable bacterial counts was 0.00 log CFU mL–1 after 8 h of incubation in presence of chitosan (10 min settle treatment) compared with water (10 min settle treatment) when bacterial counts was 7.34 log CFU mL–1.
As shown in Table 1, chitosan at high concentrations (5, 10 and 15 mg mL–1) showed effective antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens. Chitosan concentration 5 mg mL–1 recorded stronger antibacterial activity compared with others, this result is consistent with the result of Liu et al. (2006) and Li et al. (2008, 2010, 2013a, 2013b) who found that the antibacterial activity of chitosan was influenced by its concentration in the solution. The effective antibacterial activity of chitosan solution 5 mg mL–1 was due to increased solubility and higher charge density at lower pH (Sekiguchi et al., 1994). Therefore, the solubility of most chitosan preparations decreases sharply as the solution pH rises above 6.0-6.5 (Varum et al., 1994).
Data in Table 1 also indicated that, the antibacterial activity of chitosan solutions was reduced with increasing pH and dropped suddenly when the pH was greater than 6.6, where the inhibition zones in bacterial growth were 0.0 cm. At or below pH 6.6, the antibacterial activity of chitosan increased where the inhibition zone in bacterial growth was 1.10 cm at pH 5.6 at chitosan concentration 5 mg mL–1 compared with control treatment that gave 0.0 cm. These results are in agreement with that of Chung et al. (2003), who found that the inhibition percentage of chitosan solution decrease with increasing pH and dropped dramatically when the pH was greater than 6.0. In addition, the antibacterial activity of chitosan has been associated with the pH value, with higher activity at lower pH value (Fujimoto et al., 2006). On the contrast, data in Table 2 revealed that the inhibitory effect of chitosan solution increased with the increment of pH value from 5.6 to 6.6 with 0.5% acetic acid concentration for both studied chitosan concentrations (1 and 2.5 mg mL–1). These results may be due to that the solvent (acetic acid) was different from the other cases; it was 0.5% in results of Table 2 while it was 1% in those of Table 1 and the other studies mentioned before.
Data in Table 4 showed that the antibacterial activity of chitosan was affected by the incubation time. Where, the viable bacterial counts were significantly decreased after 2 h of incubation at chitosan 5 mg mL–1 (immediately treatment) compared to that in sterile water (immediately treatment). These results are consistence with the result of Li et al. (2008, 2013a). In addition, these results are in agreement with that of (Fujimoto et al., 2006), who found that the cells of Staphylococcus aureus were decreased more than 2.46 log CFU mL–1 after 1 day of incubation, not only in the chitosan solutions but also in phosphate buffer solution as a control.
Several studies have been showed that the interactions between positively charged chitosan molecules and negatively charged residues on the bacterial cell surface play an important role on the inhibitory effect of chitosan on gram-negative bacteria where, the positive surface charges at acidic condition. Chitosan interacts with anionic components on bacteria surface, such as negatively charged lipopolysaccharide in outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and peptidoglycan and teichoic acid in cell wall of gram-positive bacteria (Helander et al., 2001; Luo and Wang, 2013) and that explain the significant effect of chitosan on bacterial count after settle for 10 min compared with control. Since, chitosan molecules do not carry positive charges at alkaline pH which may explain the absence of inhibition zones in growth of A. tumefaciens in chitosan concentrations of pH (7.6-8.6) in our study.
Li et al. (2010) found that the rot incidence and the lesion diameter of broccoli heads inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens were more reduced by the pre-treatment than the post-treatment of plants with chitosan solution. In our study, as shown in Table 3, dipping the tomato seedlings in chitosan concentrations for three different times ((just dipping,10 and 20 min) before transplanting in the infested soil led to different degrees of plant protection.
All chitosan concentrations tested in this experiment significantly reduced the tomato crown gall severity. When the tomato seedlings were dipped in the chitosan solutions before transplanting in infested soil with A. tumifaciens which can be attributed, at least in part, to the direct antibacterial activity of chitosan solution. Therefore, chitosan coating seems to be promising method to control of crown gall disease.
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Li, B., B.P. Liu, T. Su, Y. Wang and G. Xie et al., 2010. Effect of chitosan solution on the inhibition of Pseudomonas fluorescens causing bacterial head rot of broccoli. Plant Pathol. J., 26: 189-193.
Li, B., S. Shi, C. Shan, Q. Zhou and M. Ibrahim et al., 2013. Effect of chitosan solution on the inhibition of Acidovorax citrulli causing bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon. J. Sci. Food Agric., 93: 1010-1015.
Li, B., X. Wang, R. Chen, W. Huangfu and G.L. Xie, 2008. Antibacterial activity of chitosan solution against Xanthomonas pathogenic bacteria isolated from Euphorbia pulcherrima. Carbohydr. Polym., 72: 287-292.
Liu, N., X.G. Chen, H.J. Park, C.G. Liu, C.S. Liu, X.H. Meng and L.J. Yu, 2006. Effect of MW and concentration of chitosan on antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli. Carbohydr. Polym., 64: 60-65.
Luo, Y. and Q. Wang, 2013. Recent advances of chitosan and its derivatives for novel applications in food science. J. Food Process. Beverag., 1: 1-13.
Sekiguchi, S., Y. Miura, H. Kaneko, S.L. Nishimura, N. Nishi, M. Iwase and S. Tokura, 1994. Molecular Weight Dependency of Antimicrobial Activity by Chitosan Oligomers. In: Food Hydrocolloids: Structure, Properties and Functions, Nishinari, K. and E. Doi (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Germany, ISBN-13: 978-0306445941, pp: 71-76.
Tawfik, A.E., M.S. Mikhail, F.M. Barakat and A.A.M. Rabab, 2005. Reduction of crown gall incidence on stone fruits with some antagonistic bacteria. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Biological Control of Bacterial Diseases Darmstadt, October 23-26, 2005, Germany -.
Varum, K.M., M.H. Ottoy and O. Smidsrod, 1994. Water-solubility of partially N-acetylated chitosans as a function of pH: Effect of chemical composition and depolymerisation. Carbohydr. Polymers, 25: 65-70.
Wang, L., H. Wu, G. Qin and X. Meng, 2014. Chitosan disrupts Penicillium expansum and controls postharvest blue mold of jujube fruit. Food Control, 41: 56-62.
Wang, Y., L. Li, B. Li, G. Wu and Q. Tang et al., 2012. Action of chitosan against Xanthomonas pathogenic bacteria isolated from Euphorbia pulcherrima. Molecules, 17: 7028-7041.


"For anyone who has been made to feel that their suffering is in their head, or has refilled prescription after prescription with no relief, you no longer have to suffer helplessly and in silence. Read this book and begin to take back control of your life."
"This book is a very good tool for patients to better understand the types and mechanisms of pain, and it is helpful for physicians in the physician/patient relationship, enabling the physician to better serve them. It is easy to read with a good scientific base, and most importantly, it emphasizes the spiritual and psychological aspects of pain."
"The chronic pain experience is wrought with pitfalls and missteps. In my 31-year journey, I've discovered that one needs a guide or two to help find the light. Dr. Richeimer's Confronting Chronic Pain is one of those beacons. Comprehensive and enlightening, it covers the full chronic pain spectrum, including often overlooked aspects such as spirituality and family impact. Best of all, it offers real hope by embracing acceptance and self-care."
"An excellent reference for patients with chronic pain, their caregivers and families"
"Together these two authors have written a really helpful and balanced book on how to go about managing pain."
"Those who suffer from chronic pain will find this readable, sophisticated yet approachable treatment a helpful read"
"Chapters survey what causes different kinds of pain, from arthritis and back pain to migraine and cancer- an offers the latest information on neurostimulators, pain medications, and alternative medicine alike. There are different, new approaches to pain management that everyone should become familiar with: this book covers them all!"


When seeking real estate investments that will bring in a good steady cash flow, you should consider low-cost rental properties. Read why not listening to the opinion of inexperienced forum individuals, and instead, taking advice from real estate geniuses such as Robert Shemin, is a safe and smart path to take when it comes learning more about low-cost rentals and their success rates.
This guest post by Michael Cornetet of Advanta IRA offers valuable information on why moving your 401K funds into a self-directed account will help you obtain more flexibility to invest where you see fit. Read more to learn how this strategy can assist you in becoming financially free.
If you're planning on opening a separate bank account for your real estate business, you will want to ensure you select a bank that fits your needs, along with one that does not charge fees that cut into your ROI. Take a look at this post to gain a few insider tips on the subject.
It's easy for real estate investors who are just starting out to make mistakes they later regret. Since I can say I've been there, I'd like to share with you 5 things I wish I had done correctly the first time. My hope is that these tips will help you avoid common investment mistakes so you can get on the fast track to successfully growing your portfolio.
Should You Work with a Realtor?
It may seem like utilizing a realtor is the obvious way to go when looking for your next rental property, but in reality, it's the worst mistake you can make. Although they are excellent at what they do, realtors know little about distressed and discounted properties, and are educated in getting the most for their client, the property owner. Learn more about why avoiding a realtor will ensure a higher ROI.


Online retailer, Parent Giving, is having a Happy New Year sale celebration.
As of this writing, orders over $75 USD can receive FREE shipping and a 5% discount up to $100. There does not appear to be a expiry date but don't wait too long since it can end at any time.
To receive the FREE shipping and discount, use code NEWYEAR during checkout. This discount does not apply to items like scooters.
That is right all you pink loving babies out there, Rearz new pink coloured rebel print diaper is now available. Remember that 10% of each sale goes to the National Breast Cancer Foundation.
Also, from January 5th to January 19th, two different diapers are now Buy 1 Get 1 Free. Those two brands are Seduction Black and My Diaper Blue.
Reminder that rubber pants have been restocked, all Crinklz styles are available for pre-order and Rearz onesies & bibs are still on sale.
Rearz has just announced that rubber pants have been restocked and are now available again for purchase.
You can also now pre-purchase any of the three Crinklz diaper prints because they are ALL coming boys and girls.
Today I received my monthly order from my supplier but this month I was given the Tena Slip Active Fit Maxi.
My normal brand is ConfyDry 24/7 but unfortunately, my supplier is completely out of stock and they have been unable to get a hole of DryCare to order more. The fear is DryCare might no longer be in business.
Needing to go out, I decided to give this product a try right away. The first thing I noticed was how thin this product is. When compared to a ConfyDry, the Tena Slip Active Fit Maxi is about half the thickness which made it feel awkward walking being so used to a thicker diaper.
The outer plastic is also different from other brands I have tried over the decades that I have been regularly wearing. The outer plastic on these is definitely quiet, making them one of the most suitable plastic back diapers for anyone working in an office type space.
The tapes though I am not that impressed with. They are fairly narrow which is a design that I have never liked.
To me, adult diapers need either two wide tapes per side or one giant 4-5″ wide tape per side. I understand companies wanting to save money but given the huge markup that mass-produced adult diapers have, companies like Tena can afford to improve their product with wider tapes.
During my almost 5 km walk, something happened that immediately made me go "uh o". It was the feeling that one of the lower tapes came off but to my surprise it did not. I think what had happened was the excess below the bottom tape simply shifted upwards which gave the feeling that a tape had come off.
On top of the narrow tapes, another problem I noticed with this diaper is that it will clump. What do I mean by that? Some diapers, the inner padding will break apart and clump up which in turn makes the diaper very uncomfortable to wear until you are able to change. When I got back home and took the diaper off, there was definite clumping starting in the back just from sweat.
I have no review at this time on how it holds up to being wet but given how thin it is, I do not have high hopes for it. For now, I can only hope my weight loss continues so I can fit in to so many of the great looking printed diapers that are currently on the market since very few plastic back diapers fit up to a 60″ waist.
Reaz has just announced more items on sale for their Moving Sale event. Here is the latest update.
They apparently have select Onesies, Bibs and German Pacifiers on sale.
Up to 40% Off + 3 samples FREE with a $125 or more order.
Rearz has just announced their partnership with the National Breast Cancer Foundation and to commemorate their partnership, Rearz has launched a new Rebel print in pink.
This new print will be available on January 7th and according to their website, a pack will cost $35.99 while a case of 4 packs will cost $116.99.
10% of retail sales and 5% of wholesale sales from the pink Rebel print diapers will be donated.
So yesterday Rearz Inc posted a link to their latest blog post on their website regarding the trademarking of ABDL. The new blog post was short and stated that they have heard the community and have decided to cancel their attempt to trademark ABDL.
As of this writing, I am unaware if they have provided any proof if it can be proven, that they have indeed canceled the trademark attempt.
For me, I just received my regular diaper delivery, this time of course if you read my previous post, a case of ComfiDry 24/7. Will I request my supplier to go back to the Rearz Inspire for February? I am currently undecided. I guess it will depend on what Rearz Inc does between now and February 1st.


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Home / Products / Bad Girls Throughout History
Bad Girls Throughout History
Aphra Behn, first female professional writer. Sojourner Truth, activist and abolitionist. Ada Lovelace, first computer programmer. Marie Curie, first woman to win the Nobel Prize. Joan Jett, godmother of punk. The 100 revolutionary women highlighted in this gorgeously illustrated book were bad in the best sense of the word: they challenged the status quo and changed the rules for all who followed. From pirates to artists, warriors, daredevils, scientists, activists, and spies, the accomplishments of these incredible women vary as much as the eras and places in which they effected change. Featuring bold watercolor portraits and illuminating essays by Ann Shen, Bad Girls Throughout History is a distinctive, gift-worthy tribute.


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I LOVE sweaters. In January I bought 2 sweaters for the same purpose. I am always cold, especially in the inescapable air conditioning of our urban landscape. A sophisticated looking work sweater is something that I will wear everyday. Back in December I ordered a long, button-up merino wool sweater, "The Chunky Knit Cardigan" in Navy from a company called Everlane. The company is so popular that it is easier to get tickets to burning man than to order one of their popular items. The company charges great prices. My well-shaped sweater made from generous portions of merino wool was $130 including shipping.
While I was waiting for "The Chunky Knit Cardigan" I stopped into a store called AB Fits located in North Beach in San Francisco. On a shelf rested the most beautiful sweater specimen I've ever laid eyes on: an S.N.S. Herning in Oxblood. So beautiful was this sweater that the boutique owner gave me a mischievious look and urged me to "just try it on". That was the beginning of the end, since I could not take it off. The beautiful thick wool weave and industrial grade buttons said to me "you will wear me everyday for years. I will breathe and keep you cozy on your bicycle and will keep you looking stylish and professional for any life activity." It also hugs your body in a super flattering way. The color goes with 80% of my wardrobe (the other 20% I basically stopped wearing). I spent an astonishing $365 – the most I've spent on any sweater and I have worn it on and off my bike, to the office, out for beers, 3-4 times a week since January. Minus minor signs of attack by an aggressive piece of Velcro, it looks new. 4 months of nearly daily wear. I will be saving my pennies to buy anything and everything this company makes.
And the Everlane sweater? I also got it in January. I wore it 2, 3 times. Right away it started pilling. It is still cozy, I still love the color, I still wear it, but the contrast between the two could not be more apparent. One sweater enables me to do the things I love and have the confidence that it will hold up and make me look stylish for years, while the other causes me to stop and question if what I'm doing is going to be the final straw for it.
It made me think: what makes one sweater last for a decade or decades, while another starts to break down right away?
Therefore tightly knit garments with long fibers tend to pill less.
In our current, highly price-competitive market, manufactures are increasingly using shorter, less expensive fibers. They are also washing garments repeatedly to achieve maximum softness to the touch, which causes the fiber ends to rise to the surface and pill more easily (WSJ, Jan 2014).
Upon closer inspection I noticed that the stitches on the S.N.S Herring sweater are more tightly woven together than those of the Everlane cardigan. I cannot speak to the fiber length for each piece, but the lower than expected price may signal the use of less expensive, shorter fibers.
Note to fellow sweater lovers: please share about your favorite sweater. Stay tuned for the Sweater Series Part II.


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The Knowing by David Graham by Book Blitz
Dark Fantasy, Thriller, Horror
United by destiny, they must stand together to face an ancient evil.....
Ceri Edwards and two school friends lift the lid on an ancient book of recipes belonging to Betty Williams, a volunteer at the local hospital in Pontypridd, South Wales. Two Kansas City cops step off a flight at London Heathrow and one of them falls to the ground with a painful conviction that there's something evil in the air.
United in their destinies, Ceri and the police officers are drawn into a world where prophecies are pitted against invisible forces planning to raze London to the ground and bring down the Royal Family.
It all rests with Dai Williams, recently knighted MI5 agent and reluctant hero, to bring some order to the improbable events and to ensure that afternoon tea at The Ritz continues for another hundred years.
A great cross between Kim Newman and Ben Aaranovitch and a thrill for any fan of contemporary urban horror.
A decent, pot-bellied, cast iron cauldron usually sold for a hundred pounds. One that was antique and appropriately fire-tarnished doubled the sum. Use by an accredited witch—specifically a member of the Dynion Mwyn tradition—could nudge that figure into the stratosphere. That was because a well-used cauldron was believed to absorb spells into the metalwork, supposedly making incantations more effective. Debunking that idea was as fruitless as rubbishing homeopathy—particularly now that Welsh folklore remedies had royal approval and were being marketed under the Cymry Originals brand, with a crest of giant leeks crossed like swords under a flying harp.
None of that was of the slightest interest to the three girls peering into the bubbling contents of the vessel. Ceri, Dilys and Bronwen liked to imagine their Celtic magick delivered with Grimm determination and lashings of David Giuntoli whom they had already accorded the title of 'Honorary Welshman'. He would know a good potion if he saw one and would have no time for fictional fripperies like wands. They were for stupid kids who knocked themselves out walking into the wall between platforms at railway stations. Owls were cool, though, although they were far too self-important to be used as posties.
All three would-be witches were outfitted courtesy of Georgio @ Asda. 'Gold Witch' was an absolute steal at three pounds—if zero carat bling rocks your cwch. They had also considered the 'Mental Patient' blood-spattered straitjacket costume, but Bronwen's mum was a social worker and thought the mentally ill deserved more respect than a few pence-worth of garish polyester. A gorily-streaked, plastic meat cleaver was an optional extra and she thought it was very realistic.
It was all for show, of course. They had no need of such embellishments, but it kept their mothers happy—and, hopefully, ignorant of what they were up to. The fact that Halloween—or, more accurately, All Hallows' Eve—was just around the corner, provided the perfect smokescreen for their activities. There was always the chance Ceri's mum might enter the room while they were in the middle of adding an eye or two of newt, so they had the music system turned up loud and playing Super Furry Animals. Actually, newt eyes were so yesterday. They'd read that modern witchery had honed the ingredients down to essences of magic which could be bought over the internet if you knew where to look. Currently, they had no internet thanks to the stupid British government, so they'd had to improvise— after tossing salt over their left shoulders, crossing their fingers and reciting a hundred Hail Marys.
Other Books by David Graham:
Publisher: Austin Macauley Publishers
Horror, Supernatural, Thriller, Crime
What causes an adolescent – straight A student Brandon P Marshall – to walk downstairs naked, armed with a pair of Glocks, and go all Charles Manson on his family? This is only one in the horrifying trail of incidents that brings together Detective Sergeant Dale Franklin of the Kansas City Police Department and his poster-boy rookie, Steve Abrams. Meanwhile, across the pond, Dai Williams, in Battersea London, safe inside his improvised Faraday cage, is coming to terms with his special talents – talents that will take 'getting-into-the-mind-of-the-killer' to a whole new level. Al-Qaeda? Drugs Cartels? Internet freaks? David Graham's The Screaming leaves no possibility untouched as Dai enters a bizarre and horrifying world where kids scream.
David Graham lives in an ostensibly carbon zero house in rural Kent with his partner and cat amidst fields of maize and poly-tunnels of strawberries. Previously, he lived and worked in London as a consultant in the National Health Sservice. His previous non-fiction titles include: Medical Computing and Applications, Creative Sound and Computer-Assisted Medical Learning: Clinical Anatomy. David turned his attention to writing fiction in 2012. Since then, he has written one self-published novel (Looks Could Kill) and two traditionally published novels (Captive and Wet & Wild) under the name David Ellis. Looks Could Kill was in the Amazon Kindle Top 10 of spy thrillers and was downloaded more than 3,000 times. Captive was nominated for a Lambda Literary Award. He has also written two romance novellas under the name Richard Longfellow. His horror thriller The Screaming was published by Frostbite Publishing in the US in 2014, and by Austin Macauley in the UK in 2015. His new book The Knowing is the sequel to The Screaming and is due to be published early 2017 by Urbane Publications.
Promo Link


The AnCnoc 12 yo is the entry-level release from Knockdhu distillery. It is a popular and relatively available example of the "apperitif-style" single malt from flavour cluster H (i.e., relatively light and sweet).
I recently reviewed the Dalwhinnie 15 yo, which I consider to be one of the standard bearers for this "apperitif" class. The AnCnoc 12 yo has a nearly identical average score and standard deviation, on a comparable number of reviews. Given that it is typically priced a bit lower, I was curious to try it out.
Nose: Overwhelming apple juice – sweetened apple juice in particular, although some sour green apple does come through as well. Honey is the next major element, followed by some floral and grassy notes (heather in particular). A bit of graininess (i.e., cereals). No smoke per se, but a faint ashy characteristic is present.
Palate: Apple and honey similarly dominate the initial palate. There is also a definite citrus taste (more lime/lemon than orange). Not much else in the way of fruit – I am certainly not getting any of the darker fruits. A bit of vanilla. The grassiness is unmistakable, with hay and heather most prominent. Dried bread, with some mild baking spice. The ash is also there – relatively subtle in the background.
Finish: Surprisingly quick. There are no real lingering flavours – just a bit of light honey sweetness continuing for a brief time, with some of the cereal notes. There is a also a slight waxy bitterness that comes in at this stage (like cereal packaging?), but it is relatively mild. Frankly disappointing, to be honest – I was hoping for a more prolonged finish.
The AnCnoc 12 yo is a nice example of the GH flavour super-cluster, with a fair amount going on for such a light whisky. I expect it would make a good summer sipper – either neat or as a highball.
For me though, it does pale in direct comparison to the Dalwhinnie 15 yo, which has more clearly pronounced flavours at every stage of tasting (including some smoke). The finish is certainly relatively anemic on the AnCnoc 12, in comparison. As such, I would personally give the Dalwhinnie a definite edge in scoring (and frankly, a higher absolute score than the meta-critic average). That said, the AnCnoc is still a great bargain for the class, and I think the meta-critic average is pretty bang-on.
For very positive reviews of this whisky, Chip the RumHowler, André and Patrick at Quebec Whisky and Ralfy all consider it quite highly. I would probably fit in closer to the moderately positive score of Ruben from Whisky Notes. Josh of the WhiskeyJug and Nathan the Scotchnoob are both somewhat less enamored by this expression.


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Basilica reale pontificia di San Francesco di Paola
Basilica Naples, Italy
Naples' own version of the Roman Pantheon without the crowds Basilica reale pontificia di San Francesco di Paola
This 19th-century Basilica is a star in its own right and is a rare example of the Neo-Classical style in Naples. The Basilica sits at the center of a hemicycle of 38 Doric columns that dominates Naples famed Piazza del Plebiscito. The Piazza was built as part of a redevelopment project of the area that was then known as Largo di Palazzo.
The Bourbon ruler Ferdinand I, who was alternately known as Ferdinand IV, Ferdinand III of Sicily and Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies had a long and tumultuous reign of Naples. In fact, he ruled on again and off again from 1759 to 1825. For his final act, he ruled as the King of the Two Sicilies from 1816 – 1825. It was this final return to the throne for which Ferdinand I erected his larger than life ex vote, the Basilica of San Francesco di Paola, dedicated to the saint of the same name.
Piazza del Plebiscito, 80132 Napoli NA, Italy
Benedetta Fiore


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Films, 1993 Films, Films by Warner Bros.,
Films directed by Abel Ferrara
Invasion Films
Eco-Films
Kids-In-Peril
Director: Abel Ferrara
Summary Edit
A family moves to an army base to investigate possible effects on the surrounding ecological system caused by military actions. But unbeknownst to their parents, teenage Marti Malone (Gabrielle Anwar) and her kid half-brother Andy (Reilly Murphy) start noticing that people on this base are going missing, only to turn up completely devoid of emotion.
R. Lee Ermey [General Platt]
Terry Kinney [Steve Malone]
Reilly Murphy [Andy Malone]
Forest Whitaker [Major Collins]
Gabrielle Anwar [Marti Malone] (revived)
Christine Elise [Jenn Platt]
Meg Tilly [Carol Malone]
It is loosely based on the 1955 novel The Body Snatchers by Jack Finney.
is the third film adaptation of Finney's novel, the first being Invasion of the Body Snatchers in 1956, followed by a remake of the same name in 1978
The largest difference in this version of the story is that it takes place on an army base in Alabama, unlike a small California town in the original novel and the first adaptation filmed in 1956, or in San Francisco like in the 1978 remake. While the first two films portrayed the tightly organised, conformist "pod society" invading a free civil society, Ferrara's film, according to Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert, made a connection between "the Army's code of rigid conformity, and the behavior of the pod people, who seem like a logical extension of the same code"
Body Snatchers is the film which departs the farthest from the original novel, compared to the 1956 and 1978 versions. While Steve Malone, like the doctors Bennell in the earlier films, also has a medical/scientific profession, the main character in this film is his daughter Marti. The character of Becky/Elizabeth (Bennell's love interest and his companion during his escape attempt from the invaders) is dropped completely, as are Bennell's acquaintances and later antagonists Dr. Kaufman/Kibner and the Belicecs. Re-invented, however, are two elements which had been dropped from the 1978 version: A young boy (named Jimmy Grimaldi in the 1956 version, here Marti's half brother Andy) claims that his mother is not his "real" mother. Also, the film features a voice-over narration by the main character. Two ideas invented by the 1978 version are picked up here again: The mortal remains of the "original" human beings are picked up by garbage trucks, and the duplicates utter an outworldly scream when they discover a genuine human, thereby calling assistance from other pod people.
Retrieved from "https://cinemorgue.fandom.com/wiki/Body_Snatchers_(1993)?oldid=509273"
Films by Warner Bros.


Home / Home Improvement / J P Hobbs, Inc. Brings The Best Solar Screens For Texas Homes!
Summer in Texas is anything but pleasant. The heat is at its peak, and it is almost impossible to be at home without using the air conditioner. While you cannot do much about the temperature outside, you can minimize the same inside using solar screens. J P Hobbs, Inc. brings an amazing range of Georgetown Texas solar window screens that meant to tackle the weather here. Check some of the relevant details below.
Why go for solar screens?
The experts of J P Hobbs, Inc. can come over and explain why you really need solar screens for your windows and doors. In the nutshell, solar screens block sunlight, and it is practically easy to minimize the heat transfer in the house. This further helps in reducing the use of air conditioners, so you can save energy bills, as well. Contrary to what many may believe, solar screens don't block the view. You can have a fair check on the exteriors of your home. The company also offers two great choices – 90% and 80% solar screens. The former works best for windows that get considerable direct sunlight.
Experience with J P Hobbs, Inc.
J P Hobbs, Inc. is easily the best solar screen installer in Texas. What sets them apart is the range of products and services they offer. Cedar Park Tx solar screens from the company are USA-made and backed by manufacturer's warranty of 10 years, besides being Pet and Hail Resistant. The solar screen material is so strong that you cannot tear it apart with bare hands, and despite offering quality products, the pricing is affordable. You may not get insane discounts from J P Hobbs, Inc., which is because they don't cut corners. The company also likes to explain all possible aspects of the products installed, so you can check their website for client and recent project details.
J P Hobbs, Inc. offers an online calculator, which allows you to choose the fabric and finish, and you can get a rough estimate. Furthermore, they will send in their experts, who will take the measurements and email a final quote for your approval. The whole process of installation is completed in just 14 days, and you don't need to be at home. The cost is dependent on many factors, like the sizes and number of windows in your home. Check their website now for details and references.


These GM caps will clip into 1977 to 1981 Firebird, Trans Am or Formula Snowflake Wheels. They also work on the 3rd Gen GTA wheels.
Free Domestic Priority Mail Shipping!
This is for the center caps and emblems only. No wheels, tires, or lug nuts are included in this listing.


After you have registered you get immediate access to valuable reports like our 25 page Living in Costa Rica Tips & Traps Report, Attorney Roger Petersen's Buying Costa Rica Real Estate In Your IRA and his Immigration Guide plus How To Buy Costa Rica Real Estate Without Losing Your Camisa (Shirt) written by Scott Oliver and dozens more ... Sumptuous Villa In The Gated Community Of Mar Vista, Playa Hermosa. Roberto skilfully plays a combination of classical and popular guitar music.
Mother's Day, a national holiday in Costa Rica is celebrated on August 15 and coincides with the Catholic feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Expansive Multi-Million Dollar Ocean Views amid an Ultra Private Lush Tropical Setting yet only Minutes to Beach and Services.


Alex Bousfield specialises in criminal law and established his legal practice in 2003. Teesside Law Limited provides Regulatory, Compliance, Criminal, Family and Children Law services and now has three offices across Teesside, in Redcar, Middlesbrough and Stockton-on-Tees.
"As we provide 24 hour representation and call-out to clients arrested and detained, it goes without saying that it's impossible to predict what each week will entail.
It's a busy practice, our lawyers attend Magistrates' Courts daily as well as police stations. We also instruct criminal defence Barristers and Queen's Counsel or defend clients ourselves in Crown Court criminal proceedings.
There can be a lot of dead time waiting at police stations and delays around proceedings in court. We realised that IT would be central to managing our time effectively and to maintaining continuity of service for our clients and for over 10 years, we've used Perfect Books' Case Management.
It's a good system. It is an effective way to manage letters, emails and attendance notes and it automatically updates timesheets. It is then posted on the accounts ledger and our Accounts team also find the system easy to use.
What has really made a difference for us is using the whole Case Management system online, via a cloud server. It means that time that otherwise would have been lost waiting at police stations or court can be used to update and prepare cases.
We no longer have to wait to be back at the office, at home or until we find a quiet space to dictate revisions. As long as we have a secure connection, the information can be relayed to the office using a tablet and our secretarial staff can issue letters and documentation. It is essential to the efficient running of the practice.
The majority of cases we work on are eligible for Criminal Legal Aid funding and so we value the fact that Perfect Software provide software updates when any changes are made to legal aid.
We've always found the team at Perfect Software very supportive, always happy to help out with queries both for case management and accounts.