In 2017, Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN had a population of 186k people with a median age of 28.1 and a median household income of $50,486. Between 2016 and 2017 the population of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN grew from 183,397 to 186,081, a 1.46% increase and its median household income grew from $47,406 to $50,486, a 6.5% increase.
The population of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN is 77% White Alone, 8.13% Hispanic or Latino, and 7.98% Asian Alone. 15.3% of the people in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN speak a non-English language, and 91.1% are U.S. citizens.
The largest universities in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN are Purdue University-Main Campus (10,791 degrees awarded in 2016), Saint Elizabeth School of Nursing (52 degrees), and Tricoci University of Beauty Culture-Lafayette (45 degrees).
The median property value in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN is $144,300, and the homeownership rate is 54.2%. Most people in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN commute by N/A, and the average commute time is 17.1 minutes. The average car ownership in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN is N/A per household.
Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN borders Montgomery, Clinton, White, Carroll & Benton Counties PUMA, IN and Clay, Sullivan, Parke, Fountain, Vermillion & Warren Counties PUMA, IN.
The economy of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN employs 89.3k people. The largest industries in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN are Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges (16,877 people), Motor vehicles & motor vehicle equipment manufacturing (6,175 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (5,964 people), and the highest paying industries are Machinery, equipment, & supplies merchant wholesalers ($110,695), Navigational, measuring, electromedical, & control instruments manufacturing ($96,196), and Construction, & mining & oil & gas field machinery manufacturing ($95,648).
Median household income in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN is $50,486. Males in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN have an average income that is 1.43 times higher than the average income of females, which is $40,311. The income inequality in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN (measured using the Gini index) is 0.493, which is higher than than the national average.
Households in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN have a median annual income of $50,486, which is less than the median annual income of $60,336 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $47,406 in 2016, which represents a 6.5% annual growth.
Look at the chart to see how the median household income in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
In 2017, full-time male employees in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN made 1.43 times more than female employees.
This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN by number of full-time employees.
In 2017 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.16 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity.
This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN by number of full-time employees.
In 2017, the income inequality in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN was 0.493 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.382% growth from 2016 to 2017, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even.
The 2017 the GINI for Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN was higher than than the national average of 0.479. In other words, wages are distributed less evenly in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN in comparison to the national average.
This chart shows the number of workers in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN across various wage buckets compared to the national average.
In 2017, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN was Carmel City & Fishers Town (West) PUMA, IN with a value of $96,831, followed by Noblesville City & Fishers Town (East) PUMA, IN and Boone & Hamilton (Northwest) Counties PUMA, IN, with respective values of $96,685 and $82,995.
The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN colored by their Median Household Income (Total).
N/A% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN (N/A out of N/A people) live below the poverty line, a number that is approximately the same as the national average of 13.4%. The largest demographic living in poverty are N/A N/A, followed by N/A N/A and then N/A N/A.
The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN is false, followed by false and false.
From 2016 to 2017, employment in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN grew at a rate of 2.92%, from 86.7k employees to 89.3k employees.
The most common job groups, by number of people living in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN, are Postsecondary teachers (7,517 people), Miscellaneous assemblers & fabricators (2,388 people), and Retail salespersons (2,302 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN.
The most common jobs held by residents of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN, by number of employees, are Postsecondary teachers (7,517 people), Miscellaneous assemblers & fabricators (2,388 people), and Retail salespersons (2,302 people).
Compared to other pumas, Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN has an unusually high number of residents working as Postsecondary teachers (8 times higher than expected), Other Physical Scientists (5.66 times), and Residential advisors (4.92 times).
The highest paid jobs held by residents of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN, by average salary, are Dentists ($290,115), Physicians & surgeons ($282,697), and Chief executives & legislators ($124,051).
The most common employment sectors for those who live in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN, are Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges (16,877 people), Motor vehicles & motor vehicle equipment manufacturing (6,175 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (5,964 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN, though some of these residents may live in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.
The most common industries in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN, by number of employees, are Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges (16,877 people), Motor vehicles & motor vehicle equipment manufacturing (6,175 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (5,964 people).
Compared to other pumas, Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN has an unusually high number of Aluminum production & processing (14.8 times higher than expected), Engine, turbine, & power transmission equipment manufacturing (12.7 times), and Construction, & mining & oil & gas field machinery manufacturing (7.57 times) industries.
The highest paying industries in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN, by average salary, are Machinery, equipment, & supplies merchant wholesalers ($110,695), Navigational, measuring, electromedical, & control instruments manufacturing ($96,196), and Construction, & mining & oil & gas field machinery manufacturing ($95,648).
N/A% of the population of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN has health coverage, with N/A% on employee plans, N/A% on Medicaid, N/A% on Medicare, N/A% on non-group plans, and N/A% on military or VA plans.
Per capita personal health care spending in the puma of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN was $8,300 in 2014. This is a 4.76% increase from the previous year ($7,923).
Primary care physicians in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN see 1505 patients per year on average, which represents a 1.07% increase from the previous year (1489 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1852 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 701 patients per year.
Between N/A and N/A, the percent of uninsured citizens in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN N/A by N/A from N/A% to N/A%.
The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.
Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN is home to a population of 186k people, from which 91.1% are citizens. As of 2017, N/A% of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN residents were born outside of the country.
The ethnic composition of the population of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN is composed of 143k White Alone residents (77%), 15.1k Hispanic or Latino residents (8.13%), 14.8k Asian Alone residents (7.98%), 8.68k Black or African American Alone residents (4.66%), 3.66k Two or More Races residents (1.97%), 252 American Indian & Alaska Native Alone residents (0.135%), 145 Some Other Race Alone residents (0.0779%), and 64 Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander Alone residents (0.0344%).
The most common foreign languages spoken in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN are Spanish or Spanish Creole (10,791 speakers), Chinese (6,039 speakers), and Korean (1,482 speakers).
In 2017, the median age of all people in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN was 28.1. Native-born citizens, with a median age of N/A, were generally N/A than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of N/A. But people in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN are getting getting older. In 2016, the average age of all Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN residents was 28.
As of 2017, N/A% of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN residents were born outside of the United States, which is approximately the same as the national average of 13.7%. In 2016, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN was 11%, meaning that the rate has been maintaining.
The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
In 2017, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN was China, the natal country of 6,640 Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN residents, followed by Mexico with 4,433 and India with 2,092.
As of 2017, 91.1% of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.1%. In 2016, the percentage of US citizens in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN was 91.4%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.
The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
In 2017, there were 9.47 times more White Alone residents (143k people) in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN than any other race or ethnicity. There were 15.1k Hispanic or Latino and 14.8k Asian Alone residents, the second and third most common racial or ethnic groups.
The following bar chart shows the 8 races and ethnicities represented in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN as a share of the total population.
15.3% of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN citizens are speakers of a non-English language, which is lower than the national average of 21.5%. In 2015, the most common non-English language spoken in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN was Spanish or Spanish Creole. 6.35% of the overall population of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN are native Spanish or Spanish Creole speakers. 3.56% speak Chinese and 0.873% speak Spanish or Spanish Creole, the next two most common languages.
Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN has a large population of military personnel who served in false, N/A times greater than any other conflict.
In 2016, universities in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN awarded 10,888 degrees. The student population of Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN is skewed towards men, with 24,108 male students and 17,768 female students.
Most students graduating from Universities in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN are White (6,646 and 80.5%), followed by Asian (495 and 5.99%), Hispanic or Latino (415 and 5.02%), and Black or African American (323 and 3.91%).
The largest universities in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN by number of degrees awarded are Purdue University-Main Campus (10,791 and 99.1%), Saint Elizabeth School of Nursing (52 and 0.478%), and Tricoci University of Beauty Culture-Lafayette (45 and 0.413%).
The most popular majors in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN are General Business Administration & Management (1,302 and 12%), Mechanical Engineering (517 and 4.75%), and Electrical & Electronics Engineering (387 and 3.55%).
The median tuition costs in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN are $N/A for private four year colleges, and $9,208 and $28,010 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.
In 2015, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN was General Business Administration & Management with 623 degrees awarded.
This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN according to their major.
In 2016, the Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN institution with the largest number of graduating students was Purdue University-Main Campus with 10,791 degrees awarded.
In 2016, 6,014 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN, which is 1.23 times more than the 4,874 female students who received degrees in the same year.
This chart displays the gender disparity between the institutions in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN by degrees awarded.
In 2016 the majority of degrees awarded at institutions in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN were to White students. These 6,646 degrees mean that there were 13.4 times more White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Asian, with 495 degrees awarded.
The median property value in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN was $144,300 in 2017, which is 0.663 times smaller than the national average of $217,600. Between 2016 and 2017 the median property value increased from $139,500 to $144,300, a 3.44% increase. The homeownership rate in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN is 54.2%, which is lower than the national average of 63.9%. People in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN have an average commute time of 17.1 minutes, and they commute by N/A. Car ownership in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of N/A per household.
In 2017, the median household income of the N/A households in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN grew to $50,486 from the previous year's value of $47,406.
The following chart displays the households in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the N/A range.
In 2017, the median property value in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN grew to to $144,300 from the previous year's value of $139,500.
The following charts display, first, the property values in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN the largest share of households have a property value in the N/A range.
This chart shows the households in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN the largest share of households pay taxes in the < $800 range.
In 2017, 54.2% of the housing units in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 53.4%.
This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 63.9%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.
The following chart displays the households in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN have N/A, followed by N/A.
Using averages, employees in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN have a shorter commute time (17.1 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.1 minutes). Additionally, 0.932% of the workforce in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.
The chart below shows how the median household income in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
In N/A, the most common method of travel for workers in Lafayette & West Lafayette Cities PUMA, IN was N/A, followed by those who N/A and those who N/A.


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10 of Rock + Metal's Most Bizarre Conspiracy Theories
Jordan Blum Published: January 30, 2021
Kevin Winter, Getty Images / Jeff Kravitz, Getty Images
The histories of rock and metal are filled with engagingly macabre myths, conspiracy theories and the like. A few of the most famous ones — Paul McCartney being killed in a car accident in 1966, Courtney Love murdering Kurt Cobain and Marilyn Manson having a rib removed so he could perform autofellatio — have been discussed to death (pun intended) over the past few decades.
But, there are dozens of others that deserve more of the spotlight for how truly bizarre they are. Be they somewhat plausible or wholly absurd, absolutely damning or relatively harmless, the following 10 rock and metal conspiracy theories can't help but draw you in. (Wow, people are really obsessed with how musicians met their maker!)
10 of Rock + Metal's Most Bizarre Conspiracy Theories
13 Rock + Metal Curses, Myths + Legends — Explained
Source: 10 of Rock + Metal's Most Bizarre Conspiracy Theories
Filed Under: AC/DC, Dave Grohl, Jim Morrison, Jimi Hendrix, John Lennon, Kurt Cobain, Rivers Cuomo, The Rolling Stones, Underoath
Study Shows the Most Listened to Classic Rock Artist in Every Country
Dave Grohl Just Got His Own Comic Book, and It's Awesome
Dave Grohl + Krist Novoselic Talking About Kurt Cobain
Every Rock + Metal Artist on Rolling Stone's Updated List of 200 Best Singers
Courtney Love Wrote a Song Called 'Justice for Kurt' But Thinks It Would 'Ruin' Her Upcoming Album
Dave Grohl Teams With Pink for Hanukkah 'Get the Party Started' Cover
10 Epic Concert Ejections

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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K'taka: MLA warns of legal action against girls insisting on hijab
Bengaluru: Students wearing veil and Hijab arriving to attend classes at a school near Frazer Town, As Karnataka high Court backed a ban on hijabs in classrooms, in Bengaluru. (Photo: Dhananjay yadav/IANS)
Bengaluru, April 22 (IANS) A Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) legislator from Karnataka's Udupi on Friday termed the attempt of two girl students to attend the Class 12 exams wearing hijab as a deliberate attempt to seek media attention.
"Legal action will be initiated and a criminal case would be filed against these students, if they try to create a scene on Saturday," he said.
Alia Assadi and Reshma, the students who came to appear in the exam, insisted that they should be allowed to wear the hijab.
The students were turned out after they refused to heed to the authorities' request at the Vidyodaya PU College examination centre to take off their hijab.
"It has been proved that it's a conspiracy. We had called them to collect hall tickets by Thursday evening. They came to college at 9.30 a.m. Since the principal had told them that they would get hall tickets only after removing their hijab, they collected hall tickets without hijab and later, they have created a drama at the examination centre, insisting on hijab," he said.
"I have spoken to the district administration and the police department. I have directed them to lodge a contempt case against them if they indulge in any drama tomorrow to allow them to wear hijab. Are they trying to be playful here? They are not innocent students, they are petitioners of hijab cases," he added.
The legislator further said their intention is to spoil the atmosphere of the college and destroy peace in the society.
"Are these students above the High Court? We will not tolerate if they create drama tomorrow (Saturday). They don't want exams, other students are disturbed by their actions. Parents of other children are worried over the developments and questioning us on controlling them," he said.
There is no sympathy for these girls, they are doing all this to get media attention.
"Till now, I thought they were girl students and innocents. We will initiate legal action," Bhat said.
The Special Bench of the Karnataka High Court had earlier dismissed the petitions submitted by students seeking to allow them to wear hijab and attend classes. It also mentioned that wearing of hijab is not an essential part of Islam.
Following the order, the Karnataka government has banned hijab in classrooms and announced that hijab-clad students and teachers will not be allowed inside the examination centres.
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Video:Pneumonia
Pneumonia (Tutorial)
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Steps for video creation
Preview my changes (10 sec)
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2 Onset of illness
2.2 Elderly
2.3 Children Early Symptoms
2.4 Children Severe Pneumonia
3.1 Bacterial Pneumonia
4.1 Diagnosis - Other Methods
4.2 Classification
5.1 Vaccine
5.2 Other Methods
6.1 Children
6.3 Severe pneumonia
8.1 Survival rates
8.2 Developing countries
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung, where the small air sacs, known as alveoli, fill with fluid. It is most often caused by infection with bacteria.[1][2]
Onset of illness
Symptoms for pneumonia typically include, cough, fatigue, chills, and shortness of breath. Each of the symptoms occurs with different frequencies.[3]
Cough and fatigue are the most common symptoms, and seen in up to 9 out of 10 cases. Fever and shortness of breath, are present in roughly 3 out of 4 people. Productive sputum is present in 65 percent of cases, and chest pain occurs in roughly one-half of people.[4]
In the elderly, confusion may be the most prominent sign,[3] and fever is less likely to be present.
Children Early Symptoms
In children under the age of five, fever, cough, and fast or difficult breathing are the most common symptoms.[5]
Children Severe Pneumonia
More severe symptoms in children may include, blue-tinged skin, unwillingness to drink, convulsions, ongoing vomiting, extremes of temperature, or a decreased level of consciousness.[5][6]
Pneumonia fills the lung's alveoli with fluid, limiting how much oxygen can be absorbed. The alveolus on the left is normal, whereas the one on the right is full of fluid from pneumonia.
Bacterial Pneumonia
Pneumonia is usually caused by infection from bacteria or viruses. It is less commonly caused by other microorganisms, certain medications, and conditions, such as autoimmune diseases.[1][7]
Risk factors for pneumonia, include smoking, a poor ability to cough, (such as after a stroke or surgery), and other lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, and asthma.[8]
Diagnosis, is often based on symptoms and physical examination alone.[9]
Diagnosis - Other Methods
Chest X-ray, blood tests, and culture of the sputum, may help confirm the diagnosis.[9]
Where (and how) a pneumonia was acquired, can have a profound impact on survival. Examples are community-acquired, or hospital-acquired pneumonia. [10]
Because most pneumonias, are acquired from someone else that is infected, handwashing, and wearing surgical masks around the sick, are the most important preventative steps[11].
Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available.[12]
Other methods of prevention, include smoking cessation, and treating underlying illnesses (such as diabetes and HIV) properly.[12]
Antibiotics by mouth, rest, and simple analgesics and fluids, are usually enough to treat uncomplicated pneumonia.[13]
In children, those with respiratory distress, or oxygen saturations of less than 90%, should be hospitalized.[14]
With treatment, most types of bacterial pneumonia, will stabilize in 3–6 days.[15] It often takes a few weeks before most symptoms resolve.[15].
Severe pneumonia
If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is generally hospitalized, [16] and oxygen therapy may be necessary.[17]
Pneumonia is a common illness, affecting approximately 450 million people a year, and occurring in all parts of the world.[18] It is a major cause of death among all age groups, resulting in 7% of the world's total death yearly.[18][19]
Death rates, are greatest in children less than five, and adults older than 75 years.[18]
In the 19th century, William Osler called pneumonia "the captain of the men of death".[20]
Survival rates
With the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines in the 20th century, survival has improved.[18]
Nevertheless, in developing countries, and among the very old, young, and chronically ill, pneumonia remains a leading cause of death.[18][21]
↑ 1.0 1.1 McLuckie, A., ed. (2009). Respiratory disease and its management. New York: Springer. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-84882-094-4.
↑ Leach, Richard E. (2009). Acute and Critical Care Medicine at a Glance (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-6139-8.
↑ 3.0 3.1 Hoare Z, Lim WS (May 2006). "Pneumonia: update on diagnosis and management" (PDF). BMJ. 332 (7549): 1077–79. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7549.1077. PMC 1458569. PMID 16675815.
↑ Tintinalli, Judith E. (2010). Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli)). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. p. 480. ISBN 978-0-07-148480-0.
↑ 5.0 5.1 Singh V, Aneja S (March 2011). "Pneumonia – management in the developing world". Paediatric Respiratory Reviews. 12 (1): 52–59. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2010.09.011. PMID 21172676.
↑ Nair GB, Niederman MS (November 2011). "Community-acquired pneumonia: an unfinished battle". The Medical Clinics of North America. 95 (6): 1143–61. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2011.08.007. PMID 22032432.
↑ Jeffrey C. Pommerville (2010). Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology (9th ed.). Sudbury MA: Jones & Bartlett. p. 323. ISBN 978-0-7637-6258-2.
↑ "Who Is at Risk for Pneumonia?". NHLBI. 1 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
↑ 9.0 9.1 "How Is Pneumonia Diagnosed?". NHLBI. 1 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
↑ "Types of Pneumonia". NHLBI. 1 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
↑ "Pneumonia (Fact sheet N°331)". World Health Organization. August 2012. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012.
↑ 12.0 12.1 "How Can Pneumonia Be Prevented?". NHLBI. 1 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
↑ Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, Hill AT, Jamieson C, Le Jeune I, Macfarlane JT, Read RC, Roberts HJ, Levy ML, Wani M, Woodhead MA (October 2009). "BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009". Thorax. 64 Suppl 3 (Suppl 3): iii–155. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.121434. PMID 19783532.
↑ Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, Alverson B, Carter ER, Harrison C, Kaplan SL, Mace SE, McCracken GH, Moore MR, St Peter SD, Stockwell JA, Swanson JT (October 2011). "The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 53 (7): e25–76. doi:10.1093/cid/cir531. PMID 21880587.
↑ 15.0 15.1 Behera, D. (2010). Textbook of pulmonary medicine (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub. pp. 296–97. ISBN 978-81-8448-749-7.
↑ "What Is Pneumonia?". NHLBI. 1 March 2011. Archived from the original on 29 February 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
↑ "How Is Pneumonia Treated?". NHLBI. 1 March 2011. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Ruuskanen O, Lahti E, Jennings LC, Murdoch DR (April 2011). "Viral pneumonia". Lancet. 377 (9773): 1264–75. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61459-6. PMID 21435708.
↑ Lodha R, Kabra SK, Pandey RM (June 2013). "Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6 (6): CD004874. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004874.pub4. PMID 23733365.
↑ Osler, William (1901). Principles and Practice of Medicine, 4th Edition. New York: D. Appleton and Company. p. 108. Archived from the original on 2007-07-08.
↑ George, Ronald B. (2005). Chest medicine : essentials of pulmonary and critical care medicine (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 353. ISBN 978-0-7817-5273-2.
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Videowiki scripts


text:
Ottawa Stories from the Springs: Anishinaabe dibaadjimowinan wodi gaa binjibaamigak wodi mookodjiwong e zhinikaadek (American Indian Studies) (Paperback)
By Howard Webkamigad (Editor)
(MICHIGAN HISTORY)
Sometimes things come to people out of the blue and seemingly for a reason. The Anishinaabe word for this is nigika. The stories contained in this collection reached Howard Webkamigad nearly eighty years after they were recorded, after first being kept in their original copper wire format by the American Philosophical Society and later being converted onto cassettes and held by Dr. James McClurken of Michigan State University. These rich tales, recorded by Anishinaabe people in the Harbor Springs area of Michigan, draw on the legends, fables, trickster stories, parables, and humor of Anishinaabe culture. Reaching back to the distant past but also delving into more recent events, this book contains a broad swath of the history of the Ojibwe/Chippewa, Ottawa, Pottawatomi, Algonkian, Abenaki, Saulteau, Mashkiigowok/Cree, and other groups that make up the broad range of the Anishinaabe-speaking peoples. Provided here are original stories transcribed from Anishinaabe-language recordings alongside Howard Webkamigad's English translations. These stories not only provide a textured portrait of a complex people but also will help Anishinaabe-language learners see patterns in the language and get a sense of how it flows. Featuring side-by-side Anishinaabe/English translations.
Howard Webkamigad was born and raised in wiikwemikooNsing, which is an area of the Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve located on the eastern end of Manitoulin Island in Ontario, Canada. He teaches the Anishinaabe language at Algoma University.
Publisher: Michigan State University Press
Series: American Indian Studies
Fiction / Fairy Tales, Folk Tales, Legends & Mythology
Foreign Language Study / Native American Languages


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Sideroblastic anemia, or sideroachrestic anemia, is a form of anemia in which the bone marrow produces ringed sideroblasts rather than healthy red blood cells (erythrocytes). In sideroblastic anemia, the body has iron available but cannot incorporate it into hemoglobin, which red blood cells need in order to transport oxygen efficiently. The disorder may be caused either by a genetic disorder or indirectly as part of myelodysplastic syndrome, which can develop into hematological malignancies (especially acute myeloid leukemia).

Sideroblasts (sidero- + -blast) are nucleated erythroblasts (precursors to mature red blood cells) with granules of iron accumulated in the mitochondria surrounding the nucleus. Normally, sideroblasts are present in the bone marrow, and enter the circulation after maturing into a normal erythrocyte. The presence of sideroblasts per se does not define sideroblastic anemia. Only the finding of ring (or ringed) sideroblasts characterizes sideroblastic anemia.

Ring sideroblasts are named so because iron-laden mitochondria form a ring around the nucleus. It is a subtype of basophilic granules of the erythrocyte, but which can only be seen in bone marrow. To count a cell as a ring sideroblast, the ring must encircle a third or more of the nucleus and contain five or more iron granules, according to the 2008 WHO classification of the tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.

Types
The WHO International Working Group on Morphology of MDS (IWGM-MDS) defined three types of sideroblasts:
 Type 1 sideroblasts: fewer than 5 siderotic granules in the cytoplasm
 Type 2 sideroblasts: 5 or more siderotic granules, but not in a perinuclear distribution
 Type 3 or ring sideroblasts: 5 or more granules in a perinuclear position, surrounding the nucleus or encompassing at least one third of the nuclear circumference.

Type 1 and type 2 are found in non-sideroblastic anemias. Type 3 is found only in sideroblastic anemia.

Symptoms and signs
Symptoms of sideroblastic anemia include skin paleness, fatigue, dizziness, and enlarged spleen and liver. Heart disease, liver damage, and kidney failure can result from iron buildup in these organs.

Symptoms of sideroblastic anemia usually resemble the common symptoms of anemia. In addition to the symptoms listed above, patients with sideroblastic anemia may experience shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and headache. Some patients may have bronze-colored skin due to an overload of iron. Patients with syndromic hereditary sideroblastic anemia may experience diabetes mellitus and deafness.

Causes
Causes of sideroblastic anemia can be categorized into three groups: congenital sideroblastic anemia, acquired clonal sideroblastic anemia, and acquired reversible sideroblastic anemia. All cases involve dysfunctional heme synthesis or processing. This leads to granular deposition of iron in the mitochondria that form a ring around the nucleus of the developing red blood cell. Congenital forms often present with normocytic or microcytic anemia while acquired forms of sideroblastic anemia are often normocytic or macrocytic.
 Congenital sideroblastic anemia
 X-linked sideroblastic anemia: This is the most common congenital cause of sideroblastic anemia and involves a defect in ALAS2, which is involved in the first step of heme synthesis. Although X-linked, approximately one third of patients are women due to skewed X-inactivation (lyonizations).
 Autosomal recessive sideroblastic anemia involves mutations in the SLC25A38 gene. The function of this protein is not fully understood, but it is involved in mitochondrial transport of glycine. Glycine is a substrate for ALAS2 and necessary for heme synthesis. The autosomal recessive form is typically severe in presentation.
 Genetic syndromes: Rarely, sideroblastic anemia may be part of a congenital syndrome and present with associated findings, such as ataxia, myopathy, and pancreatic insufficiency.
 Acquired clonal sideroblastic anemia
 Clonal sideroblastic anemias fall under the broader category of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Three forms exist and include refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (RARS-T), and refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia and ringed sideroblasts (RCMD-RS). These anemias are associated with increased risk for leukemic evolution.
 Acquired reversible sideroblastic anemia
 Causes include excessive alcohol use (the most common cause of sideroblastic anemia), pyridoxine deficiency (vitamin B6 is the cofactor in the first step of heme synthesis), lead poisoning and copper deficiency. Excess zinc can indirectly cause sideroblastic anemia by decreasing absorption and increasing excretion of copper. Antimicrobials that may lead to sideroblastic anemia include isoniazid (which interferes with pyridoxine metabolism), chloramphenicol (which, by inhibiting the synthesis of mitochondrial membrane protein, impairs mitochondrial respiration), cycloserine, and linezolid.

Diagnosis

Ringed sideroblasts are seen in the bone marrow.

On the peripheral blood smear can be found erythrocytes with basophilic stippling (cytoplasmic granules of RNA precipitates) and Pappenheimer bodies (cytoplasmic granules of iron).

The anemia is moderate to severe and dimorphic. Microscopic viewing of the red blood cells will reveal marked unequal cell size and abnormal cell shape. Basophilic stippling is marked and target cells are common. The mean cell volume is commonly decreased (i.e., a microcytic anemia), but it may also be normal or even high. The RDW is increased with the red blood cell histogram shifted to the left. Leukocytes and platelets are normal. Bone marrow shows erythroid hyperplasia with a maturation arrest.In excess of 40% of the developing erythrocytes are ringed sideroblasts. Serum iron, percentage saturation and ferritin are increased. The total iron-binding capacity of the cells is normal to decreased. Stainable marrow hemosiderin is increased.

Classification
Sideroblastic anemia is typically divided into subtypes based on its cause.
 Hereditary or congenital sideroblastic anemia may be X-linked or autosomal.

GLRX5 has also been implicated.
 Acquired, or secondary, sideroblastic anemia develops after birth and is divided according to its cause.

Laboratory findings
 Serum Iron: high
 increased ferritin levels
 decreased total iron-binding capacity
 high transferrin saturation
 Hematocrit of about 20-30%
 The mean corpuscular volume or MCV is usually normal or low for congenital causes of sideroblastic anemia but normal or high for acquired forms.
 With lead poisoning, see coarse basophilic stippling of red blood cells on peripheral blood smear
 Specific test: Prussian blue stain of RBC in marrow shows ringed sideroblasts. Prussian blue staining involves a non-enzymatic reaction of ferrous iron with ferrocyanide forming ferric-ferrocyanide, which is blue in color. A counterstain may be used to provide better visualization.

Treatment
Occasionally, the anemia is so severe that support with transfusion is required. These patients usually do not respond to erythropoietin therapy. Some cases have been reported that the anemia is reversed or heme level is improved through use of moderate to high doses of pyridoxine (vitamin B6). In severe cases of SBA, bone marrow transplant is also an option with limited information about the success rate. Some cases are listed on MedLine and various other medical sites. In the case of isoniazid-induced sideroblastic anemia, the addition of B6 is sufficient to correct the anemia. Deferoxamine, a chelating agent, is used to treat iron overload from transfusions.
Therapeutic phlebotomy can be used to manage iron overload.

Prognosis

Sideroblastic anemias are often described as responsive or non-responsive in terms of increased hemoglobin levels to pharmacological doses of vitamin B6.

1- Congenital: 80% are responsive, though the anemia does not completely resolve.

2- Acquired clonal: 40% are responsive, but the response may be minimal.

3- Acquired reversible: 60% are responsive, but course depends on treatment of the underlying cause.

Severe refractory sideroblastic anemias requiring regular transfusions and/or that undergo leukemic transformation (5–10%) significantly reduce life expectancy.

See also
 Anemia
 Siderosis
 List of hematologic conditions
 Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

References

External links

 GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on X-Linked Sideroblastic Anemia and Ataxia

Myeloid neoplasia
Genetic disorders by system
Aplastic anemias

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Тулон-9 () — упразднённый кантон на юго-востоке Франции, в регионе Прованс — Альпы — Лазурный Берег (департамент — Вар, округ — Тулон). Впервые кантон образован в 1973 году в качестве административного центра для части города Тулон.

Состав кантона
До марта 2015 года включал в себя часть Тулона, площадь кантона — ? км², население — 14 554 человека (2010), плотность населения — ? чел/км².

29 марта 2015 года кантон официально упразднён согласно директиве от 27 февраля 2014.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Le canton de Toulon-9 INSEE
 plan du canton de Toulon-9 sur Mapquest
 Localisation du canton de Toulon-9 на карте Франции

Упразднённые кантоны департамента Вар


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This MRV Platform for Agriculture is an initiative of the Global Research Alliance for Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (GRA) and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), implemented in partnership with Unique Forestry and Land Use and with web design by Clutch Creative.
The Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases brings countries together to find ways to grow more food without growing greenhouse gas emissions. The Global Research Alliance was launched in December 2009 and now has 51 member countries from all regions of the world. The GRA's Livestock Research Group is focused on reducing the emissions intensity of livestock production systems and increasing the quantity of carbon stored in soils supporting these systems. It does this through capability building, collaborative research, manuals and good practice guidance, working with industry and farmers, and conducting research. For more information, visit the GRA website or email secretariat@globalresearchalliance.org
CCAFS researchers aim to identify and address the most important interactions, synergies and trade-offs between climate change and agriculture. CCAFS' research in low emissions development aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sequestration in the agriculture sector. With partners in science, the private sector and government, CCAFS produces research to improve estimates of farm emissions, emission reductions, and sequestration in smallholder systems; identify priorities and options for low emissions development that also support food security; and support widespread implementation of low emissions agriculture practices and policies. For more information, please visit the CCAFS website or email Sadie Shelton.
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Remember 2015? It was just last year that the conservative majority on the Wisconsin Supreme Court embraced dark money and turned its back on the state's longstanding bedrock support for transparency in campaigns and elections.
In a controversial ruling that July, the Court voted 4-2 to shut down the John Doe investigation into Scott Walker's secret political fundraising scheme, arguing that coordination between Walker, his campaign consultants, and corporate lobby groups didn't matter because it was all just "issue advocacy."
When the special prosecutor moved for reconsideration later that year, presenting evidence of express political advocacy, the court's conservative majority, led by Justice Gableman, promptly fired him.
It was Wisconsin's version of the Saturday Night Massacre, when Richard Nixon had Archibald Cox canned (by Robert Bork) as the special prosecutor in the Watergate scandal.
The legislative majority beholden to Walker's dark money machine for the recalls moved quickly to rewrite Wisconsin's campaign finance laws to enshrine the Court's radical ruling, dismantled the state's nonpartisan ethics board, and stripped district attorneys of the power to use the John Doe process to prosecute future campaign finance violations, erasing decades of anti-corruption reforms in the process.
Never mind that the Wisconsin Supreme Court's novel legal theory about coordination is without precedent and flies in the face of multiple U.S. Supreme Court decisions. That is the subject of an appeal that the nation's highest court will consider when it reconvenes after its summer break on September 26.
The big story is that the Wisconsin highest court's ruling is based on a false premise—a lie that could only survive under the court's draconian secrecy orders.
CMD's analysis of the John Doe documents published by The Guardian and political ads aired in 2011 and 2012 reveal that Governor Walker and his campaign staff coordinated on more than $30 million in express advocacy expenditures—from soliciting huge corporate and personal checks down to where and when political ads would be placed—something that's illegal even under the Wisconsin court's 2015 ruling.
"The Wisconsin court was wrong to say that coordination between a candidate and outside groups only matters if there's express advocacy," said Donald Simon, a prominent national expert on campaign finance law and former general counsel of Common Cause. "But even so, it's clear that many of the ads run by the groups involved in the John Doe investigation qualified as express advocacy under U.S. Supreme Court precedent."
Walker's secret operation to bankroll and coordinate those ads circumvented Wisconsin's contribution limits, the state's longstanding ban on corporate campaign contributions, and its disclosure requirements.
The law of the land at the federal level and in most, if not all, other states is that coordination between candidates and outside political spenders converts otherwise "independent" expenditures into campaign contributions subject to limits and disclosure.
The absence of prearrangement and coordination of an expenditure with the candidate or his agent not only undermines the value of the expenditure to the candidate, but also alleviates the danger that expenditures will be given as a quid pro quo for improper commitments from the candidate.
Ruling after ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court over the past 40 years has embraced this logic about coordination. In McConnell v. FEC, for example, the Court concluded that coordinated expenditures "made after a 'wink or a nod' will be 'as useful to the candidate as cash'" and can therefore be regulated just like direct contributions.
The conservative majority on the Wisconsin Supreme Court, however, ducked this line of cases and instead relied on Wisconsin Right to Life v. FEC to reach its decision that coordination doesn't count unless the expenditure at issue contains express advocacy or its "functional equivalent." But WRTL did not deal with coordination.
Unless and until that legal sleight of hand is overturned, the law in Wisconsin is that an expenditure will not be considered for "political purposes"—and therefore subject to limits and disclosure—unless it involves "express advocacy and its functional equivalent, as those terms are defined in Buckley and WRTL II [Wisconsin Right to Life]," even if it is coordinated with a candidate.
"The ads do not mention an election, candidacy, political party, or challenger; and they do not take a position on a candidate's character, qualifications, or fitness for office."
The ads at issue in WRTL complained about the gridlock caused by the filibuster of judicial nominees, and then asked viewers to contact both of Wisconsin's U.S. Senators to "tell them to oppose the filibuster." They did not praise or criticize a candidate, and focused on a concrete legislative issue.
So here's the standard to apply: Ads that a reasonable person would consider an appeal to vote for or against a candidate, and that mention an election or candidate and take a position on his or her character, qualifications, or fitness for office are considered the "functional equivalent" of express advocacy.
Just mentioning broad issues and then telling people to contact a candidate to praise or criticize them about it may seem clever, but it doesn't cancel out the clear electioneering nature of the message.
What does that mean for the Walker scheme? If Walker, his aides, and dark money groups coordinated around fundraising and expenditures for political ads that meet the "functional equivalent" test, they broke the law.
According to the John Doe papers, the millions raised by Walker and his team and funneled into Wisconsin Club for Growth (WCFG) were then disbursed for ads run under several groups' names, including the shell group Citizens for a Strong America, funded entirely by WCFG, Wisconsin Family Action, and Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce (WMC). Walker's right-hand man, R.J. Johnson, played the lead role in orchestrating the focus of those ads and what groups they would be attributed to.
In addition, Walker's team closely coordinated its efforts and messages with other groups, including the Republican Governor's Association (RGA) and the Republican State Leadership Committee (RSLC), that were registered in Wisconsin as express advocacy organizations, and that had sworn an oath not to coordinate with candidates or their agents. RGA's Nick Ayers laid out a coordinated battle plan for the groups to Walker and Reince Priebus in March 2011, and documents indicate weekly meetings and other communication between Walker's campaign and RGA.
CMD's review of the ads run by both sets of groups in the recall and state Supreme Court elections in 2011 and 2012 reveals that most, if not all, qualify as the "functional equivalent" of express advocacy under the WRTL standard and not "issue advocacy," as presumed by the Wisconsin court.
The ads follow a general pattern. Unlike the ads at issue in WRTL, they focus on praise or criticism of a specific candidate's character, track record, and qualifications for office. Many end with a fleeting visual or verbal appeal to contact the candidate.
Some of those appeals contain clear electoral signals, like "Don't let Tom Barrett take us backwards," or "Stop Holperin." Some ask voters to thank or criticize the candidate, like "Call Justice Prosser. Thank him for protecting Wisconsin families," or "Tell Shelly Moore we need solutions, not shouting." And others attempt to disguise their political purpose with a vague issue appeal, like "Tell Mayor Barrett you support economic policies that move Wisconsin forward, not back in time," or "Call JoAnne Kloppenburg. Tell her being weak on criminals is dangerous for Wisconsin families."
In the campaign finance world, these types of ads are known as "sham issue ads." They are electioneering ads that carry all the "indicia of express advocacy," placed for an obvious political purpose in proximity to an election.
You cannot magically turn a political ad into an issue ad just by throwing in a last-second vague appeal for voters to call a candidate.
"For some of the ads in question, it's hard to believe that any voters thought they were just about the issues—ads that praise or sharply criticize a candidate just before an election are just as effective as ones that directly solicit a vote," said Brent Ferguson, counsel at the Brennan Center for Justice who has followed the John Doe probe closely.
A sampling of the electioneering ads run by groups under investigation in the John Doe probe can be found here.
The John Doe documents show that Walker and his allies believed that coordinating on the electioneering ads was critical to winning the elections they targeted.
Walker boasted of those activities in an email to Karl Rove, crediting R.J. Johnson and Wisconsin Club for Growth as "key to retaining Justice Prosser" and electing Justice Gableman.
And R.J. Johnson wrote up talking points for Walker to use in a donor call in which he touted their coordinated efforts as key to holding the Senate during the 2011 recall elections. "We needed to hold four of the six Republican Senators facing recalls last week in order to maintain our conservative majority in the state senate," Johnson wrote. "With your help and against all odds, we beat back the national unions and held our majority by a margin of 17-16."
Johnson went on to specifically discuss how Walker's dark money machine defeated Senate District 14 challenger Fred Clark.
"We also defined Democrat Fred Clark early. We used his horrendous driving record, failure to pay child support, and a recording of him saying he wanted to call a female constituent back and smack her around, to illustrate how Clark behaves when he thinks no one's watching. This angle was particularly helpful in eliminating Clark's advantage with independent women. We were behind by 2 points when we started this race and we won by 4."
The ad has been taken down and replaced with an odd cartoon, but the content of the ad is available here. Walker's team ultimately ran its ads slamming Clark for his driving record under the name of Wisconsin Family Action, a group that otherwise works on anti-abortion and marriage issues. Emails show Johnson confirming a switch from Wisconsin Club for Growth to Wisconsin Family action as the sponsor, and the ads are labeled "Respect: Olsen SD 14 (anti Fred Clark)."
There is no pretense to the ads being "issue advocacy."
Coordinated messaging was also central to Walker's operation. Walker campaign ads said he would take Wisconsin forward and Tom Barrett would take Wisconsin backwards, and ads for RGA and a mysterious group call Wisconsin Recall Action Fund echoed this theme. Wisconsin Recall Action fund may have been under the control of RGA, the new documents suggest.
The extensive evidence of coordination around electioneering ads during the 2011 and 2012 elections that met the "functional equivalent" of express advocacy standard have the potential to trigger new legal tremors in Wisconsin.
The Wisconsin Supreme Court did not analyze any of the ads in reaching its decision to terminate the John Doe investigation. Instead, it summarily dismissed the case based on false assumptions and ordered the documents destroyed or returned.
Now it has nowhere left to hide.
Even without intervention by the U.S. Supreme Court, the John Doe documents and CMD's analysis reveal solid grounds for renewed legal proceedings to address the evidence of coordination around express advocacy expenditures and to enforce any laws broken by Governor Walker, his campaign associates, and the groups that collaborated with his dark money machine.


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S.A. artist Regis Shephard dies at 39
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Entertainment // Visual Arts
Elaine Ayala, By Elaine Ayala - Express-News
San Antonio artist Regis Shephard, whose graphic paintings and drawings poked holes at cultural stereotypes and were described as equal parts political cartoon and psychedelic poster, died Tuesday morning.
He was 39.
Shephard, chairman of the St. Philip's College art department, was found unconscious in his office at the Watson Fine Arts Center.
EMS' attempts to revive Shephard, who'd had heart problems, were unsuccessful. A campus memorial is planned for Monday.
Self-described as "artist, educator, geek," Shephard's work had been exhibited locally and regionally and as far away as New York and New Zealand.
"He could express with a single line what would take thousands of words to describe," said Bill FitzGibbons, executive director of the Blue Star Contemporary Art Center. "His drawings were fabulous."
Known for his collegial disposition and sense of humor, Shephard was recognized as an educator with a global perspective who embraced all forms of artistic expression and welcomed the impact technology was making on art.
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He expressed this philosophy on his website, in which he wrote, "The Revolution Will Be Digital."
Shephard was called a progressive academic, reaching out to other disciplines and departments on behalf of the student experience.
"He could have taught anywhere. He could have been chair of an art department anywhere," said fellow artist Bernice Appelin-Williams. "But he chose a college deeply rooted in the African American community, and he chose to stay there."
"I think that's profound," she said. "He saw a need, and rather than do, as some of us do, and look to what I can get out of it first, he looked at what he could give to it. That what was more important to him, what he could give to it."
Shephard was born in the West Texas town of Lamesa and grew up on a farm outside nearby Seminole. He graduated from Texas Tech University with a degree in painting in 1994 and earned a master's degree in fine arts from the University of Texas at San Antonio in 1996.
He began teaching at St. Philip's in 1996 and became chairman of the art department in fall 2004.
A working artist for 20 years, Shephard was known for bridging communities. He took students from the historically black and Hispanic college on the East Side to venues such at the Blue Star.
Though he was highly accomplished, fellow artist Vincent Valdez — who featured Shephard in his video/photography work "Recuerdo" — said, "Above all, Regis was a very genuine guy and a good person to be around."
"Regis was somebody whose opinion I really valued. He was so honest," Valdez added.
"He was respected and admired tremendously," said Felix Padrón, director of the city of San Antonio's Office of Cultural Affairs, noting Shephard's political and socially conscious content. "He was a very quiet individual, but his artwork spoke loudly. That is the true meaning of being an artist. Their work speaks for themselves."
Shephard was included in shows at the Blue Star, the Southwest School of Art & Craft, the Dallas Center for Contemporary Art, the Fine Arts Center in Lubbock, the Longview Museum of Fine Art, the UTSA Satellite Space, the McNay Museum of Art and the Carver Community Center, among others.
His résumé lists 17 solo exhibitions and almost 50 group exhibitions. He won the best of show painting award at the 16th Southwest Exhibition at the African American Museum of Art in Dallas. The painting became part of its permanent collection.
He was in discussion with the Carver about a solo exhibition in 2011 and was working on a book of his comic book art, McGrath said.
He taught drawing, painting, design, photography and comic book art. He designed and implemented the first Internet art appreciation course at St. Philip's.
"He was hitting his best work," FitzGibbons said, noting that he'd told Shephard he was spending too much time away from the canvas. "I'd admonish him for teaching way too much."
The memorial will be 10 a.m. Monday in the Watson Fine Arts Building, 1801 Martin Luther King Drive.
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Louise Poudrier
Louise Poudrier is a native of Amos, Quebec, but has been living in Montreal for the past twenty years. She has been employed at the Ministry of Immigration, Francisation and Integration since 2006, and has worked as a francisation policy and program advisor for the past two years.
She previously held several positions in this same Ministry, including as a professor of francisation, of literacy, of English, and of Spanish as a second language. Describing herself as a woman of heart, passionately in love with both truth and freedom, she joins the ranks of the CPQ inspired and proud "that Éric Duhaime is standing up and condemning the abusive public health measures and political choices of the CAQ, measures counterproductive to Quebec's prosperity at all levels (health, economics, environment, culture, etc.).
"Éric Duhaime brings a proactive attitude and approach to offering constructive and inclusive alternatives for the people of Quebec. Moreover, he is in favour of freedom of expression. This is essential in a democracy. I believe that if we want to see change in our society, everyone has to put their shoulders to the wheel together.
I'm doing it for our children and grandchildren who have been masked despite being the least at risk, I'm doing it for our elderly who have suffered so much from their isolation, I'm doing it for our economy, for our rich, yet under-exploited creative potential that is still suffering from all the restrictions imposed over the last two years. In short, I'm doing it to ensure that Quebec has the brightest possible future so that everyone may flourish."
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We've seen steady increases in Māori participation and achievement in our universities, increasingly at higher levels of qualifications, underpinned by kaupapa Māori and evidence-based initiatives that aim to build capability, expand the knowledge base of our society and achieve positive outcomes.
The role of Te Kāhui Amokura (University New Zealand's Committee on Māori) is to advance and promote the collective interests of New Zealand's universities to improve outcomes for Māori university students (tauira), Māori university staff and Māori scholarship. Te Kahui's Amokura current strategic plan focuses on three key priorities: improving outcomes for learners, improving outcomes for current and future Māori staff and increasing universities' role in the revitalisation of te reo Māori.
17,245 Māori students: 11,205 females (65%) and 6,005 males (35%). This is an increase of 12% from 2010. 1
12% of all domestic university students. 1
23% of Māori students studying at postgraduate level across the university sector (up from 20% in 2010). 1
13,210 Māori Equivalent Full-time Students (EFTS). This is an increase of 17% since 2010. 1
12% of all domestic university EFTS. 1
Average Māori EFTS load (EFTS/Student Enrolments) increased from 0.74 in 2010 to 0.77 in 2019. 1
Māori doctorate students have increased by 24% since 2010. 1
Māori doctoral graduates earn more than non-Māori graduates 5 years after study. 1, 2
Māori bachelor's degree EFTS have increased by 18% in the universities since 2010. 1
Almost half (48%) of recent Māori university graduates were the first in their families to attend university, one third are parents and 70% are female. 3
[1] Education Counts 2019 tertiary statistics – Participation. Updated May 2020.
[2] Ministry of Education, 2014. "The outcomes of tertiary education for Māori graduates".
[3] Theodore, R et al. 2015. "Māori university graduates: Indigenous participation in higher education". National Centre for Lifecourse Research, University of Otago. Data from Graduate Longitudinal Study New Zealand.
Te Kāhui Amokura
Universities New Zealand Facebook page
Universities New Zealand Twitter page
Contact Universities New Zealand
Universities NZ – Te Pōkai Tara
Level 9, 142 Lambton Quay, Wellington
PO Box 11915, Wellington 6142, New Zealand
Telephone: +64 (04) 381 8500


text:
Q: Sublime text can't understand gets.chomp I wrote this simple program in ruby using Sublime Text and for some reason if I build it using Sublime text inbuilt system then I get the following error
`deposit': undefined method `chomp' for nil:NilClass (NoMethodError)

Its running perfectly if I run it using cmd.
class BankAccount
    def initialize(name)
        @transactions = []
        @balance = 0
    end
    def deposit
        print "How much do you want to deposit?"
        amount = gets.chomp
        @balance += amount.to_f
        puts "$#{amount} is deposited"
    end
    def show_balance
        puts "Your balance is #{@balance}"
    end
end
bank_account = BankAccount.new("Rohit Begani")
bank_account.class # => BankAccount
bank_account.deposit
bank_account.show_balance

A: Sublime can't handle interactive input on its own. You can either run your script through SublimeREPL or create a customized build system to open a command prompt and then run the code. Fortunately, this isn't too difficult. Create a new file in Sublime with the following contents:
{
    "cmd": ["start", "cmd", "/k", "c:/ruby193/bin/ruby.exe", "$file"],
    "selector": "source.ruby",
    "shell": true,
    "working_dir": "$file_dir"
}

Save it as Packages/User/Ruby_cmd.sublime-build, where Packages is the directory opened when selecting Preferences -> Browse Packages.... Select Tools -> Build System -> Ruby_cmd, and run your file with CtrlB.
This should work on all versions of Windows from XP on up. It is not intended for OSX or Linux, though, as they don't have the start and cmd programs...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to display custom search results in grid in dynamics crm 2015 online? I'm working with Dynamics CRM 2015 Online, I want to provide a way to do a custom search on accounts and display the results in the standard account grid control, basically it would operate like a standard quick search.  The reason for wanting to get the results into the standard grid control is that the results can then natively flow into the various charts for accounts.
What I have so far is a custom button on the account home command ribbon.  I have some custom javascript behind the button that takes in a CRMParameter of SelectedControl, which gives me the grid itself.  I have looked over the grid control object and also dug into the SDK documentation related to the grid control, but I haven't come across a way to put data back into the grid control.  Has anyone done this before?  Thanks in advance!


Construction is well under way on a single family house we designed for a site in north Boulder. The lot is on the edge of the city's open space facing west to a series of rolling foothills. As a corner lot, the house's views are primarily directed toward this westward view with some smaller, more discrete views to the south and east.
Well, we're still working on it. The proposed change looks like it makes sense and the cost is not too formidable. So, while the concrete foundation walls are being poured and slowly coming up to full strength, a lot of phone calls are made, calculators worn down and potential changes are weighed and reconsidered.
It is simple to say that we should just make a really complete and thorough set of drawings and turn them over to a contractor to execute. In my twenty or so years of experience there is no substitute for being fully involved in the construction process as a reliable partner to the contractor and owner in helping solve issues that inevitably bubble up. Architects, if you think your drawings alone will get you a good building made, I am afraid you are solely mistaken. It is the relationships you develop on the jobsite, with your client and with the inspectors, reviewers and every single tradesperson that will result in a building you can truly be proud of.
So the best marker of construction progress is not so much a series of photos or payout requests, but the growing trust and belief in the team itself to execute not just a set of drawings, but a shared vision of a project, a building and a home.


text:
Election Over, Challenges Remain in Burundi
Patrice Gahungu (FILE)
Political violence shows no easing in Burundi, with the murder of an opposition party spokesman in the capital, Bujumbura.
Political violence shows no easing in Burundi, with the murder of an opposition party spokesman in the capital, Bujumbura. Patrice Gahngu of the UPD Zigamibanga Party was shot and killed outside his home September 7, the second top official of the group slain in the turmoil surrounding President Pierre Nkurunziza's controversial decision to run for a third term. Other prominent Burundians have been gunned down in recent months as well, with no suspects arrested.
Fifteen years ago, the spirit of the Arusha Agreement transformed Burundi by enshrining the conviction that the government must represent and serve all citizens. Today, Burundi faces a renewed challenge: to end violence and achieve lasting stability by coming together in the spirit of Arusha.
This isn't the work of one group, but of every person and party. We call on President Nkurunziza and his government, on opposition leaders, and on all the people of Burundi to join now in an open, comprehensive, and representative national dialogue. Nor is it a challenge for Burundi alone.
The United States reiterates its support for regional leadership, including Uganda and the East African Community, to convene and mediate a political dialogue, and urges them to do so soonest. High-level engagement by the African Union and the United Nations, and positive action by all states in the region, is critical to bring Burundi back from the brink. We also remain committed to holding accountable human rights violators and abusers and all those who seek to undermine stability in Burundi.
To prevent further violence, armed Imbonerakure and all militias must be disarmed immediately, with AU oversight.
President Nkurunziza is well aware of his nation's crisis and has called for "security committees" to work together with Burundi's security agencies. That is very worrisome, as it includes armed youth militia, including the armed contingent of the Imbonerakure, the ruling party's youth wing. Militia violence and intimidation have profoundly increased tensions and worsened a crisis that has driven almost 200,000 Burundians to take refuge abroad.
To prevent further violence, armed Imbonerakure and all militias must be disarmed immediately, with AU oversight. We call on all Burundians to oppose any further acts of unlawful violence and to join together now, in the spirit of Arusha, to reach consensus and a peaceful path forward for Burundi.


text:
After missteps, Dunkin' Donuts Set for California Expansion
Chastened by early mistakes, company takes a 2d shot in the state Starbucks rules
By Taryn Luna
Globe Correspondent
Al Golub/AP for the Globe
Dunkin' Donuts launches its campaign in Modesto, Calif.
Dunkin' Donuts, the coffee chain so familiar in the Northeast, is nearing the end of an expansion march across the country to become a true national brand.
The retailer kicked off its California expansion on Tuesday, the first step in a strategy to challenge Starbucks' stronghold on the West Coast.
The company once operated more than a dozen restaurants in the state but shuttered them by the early 2000s, citing logistical problems and poor relationships with franchisee partners.
Dunkin' temporarily abandoned its California dreams as the international business grew to more than 3,000 restaurants. Today the chain serves its signature Munchkins and Coolattas at nearly 900 stores in South Korea, but has only three nontraditional stores in obscure California locations: on a Marine base, inside a hotel, and at a highway rest stop.
Now the coffee chain is preparing to take another shot in a market where its toughest competitor, Starbucks Corp., dominates with more than 2,500 stores.
Dunkin' plans to open its first traditional restaurant in Modesto, Calif., on Tuesday and a second store in Santa Monica in the following weeks.
Three additional restaurants in Long Beach, Downey, and Whittier are expected before the end of the year. Franchisees have signed agreements to open nearly 200 stores by 2020 and the company intends to eventually grow to 1,000 stores in the state.
"We've learned a lot about operating out West," said Nigel Travis, chief executive of Dunkin' Brands. "We've been incredibly impressed with the quality of the franchisees."
But Dunkin' had to learn the hard way.
The chain was so eager to enter California in the 1990s that it "hopscotched a lot of the country," said Grant Benson, vice president of global franchising and business development at Dunkin' Brands.
The nearest distribution center was in Chicago, and truck drivers hauled products thousands of miles to the California stores. "It left a lot of gaps where we didn't have a supply chain and any development," Benson said.
Travis has also said that Dunkin' was less selective with its franchisee partners and did not properly train them.
Dunkin' vs. Starbucks in California
Locations of the first new traditional restaurants in California, compared to the current locations of Starbucks restaurants in the Golden State.
The company renewed its plans to move into California a few years ago and began building up its network of stores in the West, entering Denver and Salt Lake City in the past year.
The California stores will be supplied from a Phoenix distribution center, and the company intends to open a new warehouse in California as more restaurants get off the ground.
Benson said the chain has also upgraded its training program. It is working with a mix of existing franchisees that operate Dunkin' restaurants in other states and new partners with experience in California.
Software programs that aggregate data on demographics, competition, and traffic will help the company select the best locations for restaurants, he said.
Darren Tristano, an executive vice president at the food industry research firm Technomic, said that California is a major growth opportunity for the Canton company.
Dunkin' was the second-largest coffee chain in the United States last year, with $6.7 billion in annual sales and a 30.9 percent market share, according to Technomic. Starbucks posted $11.7 billion in sales and a 53.8 percent share last year. Technomic does not track sales by state.
And although Dunkin' is entering a region dominated by Starbucks, it will appeal to a different customer, Tristano said.
Starbucks typically opens in middle- to upper-income neighborhoods and generally draws more affluent consumers, Tristano said. Dunkin' prices are slightly lower, and the chain primarily draws middle- to lower-income consumers who represent a larger percentage of the workforce.
The stores tend to be smaller than at Starbucks, which means Dunkin' pays less for real estate. They also can open more stores in nontraditional spaces, such as gas stations and convenience stores, he said.
Dunkin' will serve its hot brews in paper cups in California — a move Tristano lauded and said environmentally conscious consumers will expect in the Golden State. The company will use the same polypropylene recyclable cup that was introduced in Somerville in May to comply with a citywide ban on disposable polystyrene, often referred to as styrofoam.
"When you look at how the brand has evolved over time, they should have a pretty good opportunity to grow there," he said. "Today I think the California market is ready for Dunkin'."
Leave a Comment »	| Beverage, Coffee/Cafe, Expansion Strategy, Experience, Franchise Activity, Future Plans/Announcements, Growth, Growth Opportunities	| Permalink
It's Good to be King
Emon Reiser
© 2014 American City Business Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.
Burger King responded to the public outrage it inspired this week by saying its deal to merge with Tim Hortons was about global growth, not tax evasion.
"We don't expect there to be meaningful tax savings," Daniel Schwartz, the 34-year-old CEO of Miami-based Burger King Worldwide, said during a conference call with media on Aug. 26.
The deal is more complicated than that. And the public isn't buying Burger King's characterizations. Sen. Sherrod Brown, D-Ohio, called for a Burger King boycott after the company announced the $11.4 billion deal to merge with the Canadian coffee and doughnut chain. So did MSNBC TV host Joe Scarborough.
Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill., emailed supporters, asking them to sign a petition to tell Burger King to stay put: "Burger King told us they were proud to be in America, but now we know that was a whopper."
The deal will create a new holding company for Burger King and Tim Hortons that will be based in Oakville, Ontario. The move was immediately characterized as a tax-inversion acquisition that would allow Burger King to skirt millions of dollars in corporate income tax payments to the U.S. government.
Petitions cropped up on the Internet. Social media commenters flame-broiled Burger King on Twitter and the company's own Facebook page.
Some of the less vulgar comments:
"Liars. Tax dodgers."
"Kiss my business goodbye forever."
"I'm not boycotting your product, I'm merely relocating my loyalties."
Burger King issued a response on Facebook hours after the deal was confirmed, assuring angry customers that it will continue to pay its "federal, state and local U.S. taxes." The deal, however, will most assuredly lower its tax burden, particularly on dollars it earns offshore.
"Our headquarters will remain in Miami, where we were founded more than 60 years ago, and business will continue as usual at our restaurants around the world," the fast-food chain wrote. "It's about global growth for both brands."
Burger King and Tim Hortons executives reiterated that stance on their conference call. But Schwartz, Burger King Chairman Alex Behring and Tim Hortons CEO Mark Caira never denied that the deal was a tax inversion.
The company paid a 27.5 percent rate in the U.S. last year – about the same rate it will pay in Canada.
The real tax savings potential lies in the income Burger King has earned offshore. The company gets nearly half of its revenue from other countries, and currently has nearly $905 million in cash and cash equivalents on its balance sheet.
"Our consolidated cash and cash equivalents include balances held in foreign tax jurisdictions," Burger King has disclosed in a regulatory filing.
Were the company to bring this cash to its headquarters to pay shareholder dividends or reinvest, it would have to pay perhaps one-third of it to the U.S. government in taxes.
In Canada, it would keep far more of this money – which could amount to hundreds of millions of dollars to help fund its "global growth."
In addition to any tax savings, the merger of these two fast-food giants will lower the costs of goods for both companies, said Alex Macedo, Burger King's president for North America.
"These two brands will have more purchasing power, which will reduce the costs for our franchisees," he said. "The overall support has been very good."
It also helps to have Warren Buffett on your team. America's most popular billionaire is financing 25 percent of the deal. Buffett has crusaded for higher taxes on corporations and the wealthy, and has championed some of President Barack Obama's ideas about tax policy. His involvement in this deal could be read as hypocritical, or as a sign that he doesn't see it as driven by tax savings, either.
Local business leaders are pleased Burger King's Miami headquarters would remain intact, along with its staff.
If anyone will feel the pain of this deal, it's Burger King's independent franchisees. Only 52 of its 13,667 restaurants are corporate-owned. In 2013, franchise restaurant revenues were four times that of company restaurant revenues, at $923.6 million and $222.7 million, respectively. So if customers stop eating Whoppers because they're not American, it will hit the store sales of franchisees first. So far, they don't seem concerned.
Guillermo Perales, who owns 191 Burger Kings in Florida and Texas, said that, if anything, sales are rising because of the backlash: "Besides the comeback of chicken fries, this is one of the best promotions we've had this year."
Financiers, not franchisees, call the shots at Burger King. A global investment fund, 3G Capital, owns 70 percent of Burger King. It's a Brazilian firm that has offices in New York and is used to crossing borders with its investments.
It's betting Burger King customers will have short memories, or that the gains it achieves with its controversial move will overcome any losses in sales.
Some observers say it's a safe bet.
"I don't think Americans are concerned with where a brand is based," said Darren Tristano, executive VP of Chicago-based food industry research firm Technomic.
Being labeled a corporate turncoat on social media hasn't stopped companies from inversions. And ultimately, it's problems with U.S. tax codes that are forcing some of America's household names to leave, many tax experts have said.
Armando Hernandez, head of Hernandez and Co. CPAs in Coral Gables, said the advantages of tax inversion transactions can't be ignored. After all, a company that doesn't do an inversion faces steep taxes in the U.S. on earnings achieved abroad.
"If the tax adviser would recommend that their headquarters stay in the U.S., they would be committing malpractice," he said.
Senior reporter Brian Bandell contributed to this report.
THE EVER-INCREASING MOVE TO TAX INVERSIONS
What is a tax inversion? A tax inversion describes when a U.S. company buys a foreign business and then shifts its headquarters outside the country – as Miami-based Burger King Worldwide (NYSE: BKW) plans to do with Canada's Tim Hortons. Such a move carries many tax benefits for the companies, even though it largely stiffs U.S. tax collectors.
Why are tax inversions becoming more common? Companies are facing increasing costs, including modest ticks in inflation, higher health care tabs and even the potential for a higher minimum wage. At the same time, Canada and many European countries have cut their corporate tax rates.
What is the U.S. government doing about it? Almost nothing. While President Barack Obama has spoken out against the practice, tax reform is stalled in Congress.
What does the American public think? A wide swath of business-minded people believe anything a company can legally do to reduce its tax bill is a wise course. Others believe corporations should pay their share of income taxes. It's an easily politicized issue. Walgreen Co. backed away from an inversion after too much of a backlash from its customers. Other companies have accomplished inversions without any backlash at all.
What are the benefits for a corporation? While they must still pay some taxes on their U.S. operations, companies achieve lower corporate income tax bills. Additionally, they can bring the cash they've earned overseas into their headquarters without paying taxes. This allows them to pay more dividends or invest in their operations. U.S. companies have accumulated about $2 trillion in cash overseas.
Does a company actually have to move its operational headquarters? No. Under current tax laws, companies don't have to shift offices or executives overseas to be considered foreign. In the case of Burger King, the company will actually remain in Miami, but it's corporate parent will be located in Canada.
Leave a Comment »	| Economy, Expansion Strategy, Franchise Activity, Future Plans/Announcements, Growth, Growth Opportunities	| Permalink
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text:
Red Creek is a village in Wayne County, New York, United States. The population was 532 at the 2010 census.

The Village of Red Creek is located at the eastern edge of the Town of Wolcott and shares a border with both the Town of Sterling and Town of Victory in Cayuga County. The village is west of Syracuse and east of Rochester.

History

The village was permanently settled circa 1811 and was originally called "Jacksonville" after Andrew Jackson.  The name was changed to "Red Creek" in approximately 1836.

The name change was attributed to the creek which passes through its entirety. Originally, Big Red and Little Red Creeks were believed to be named from the waters color, which was tainted from passing over iron ore that richly runs throughout the water bed.

Local lore explains the origin of the name Red Creek. At one time, a tannery occupied the spot on the north side of the falls. As part of the tanning process, dye was used to tan skins. Dye was disposed of in the pond which then flowed over the dam's falls, coloring it red.

The village was incorporated in 1852. In 1874, most of the business district was consumed by fire.

Geography
Red Creek is located at  (43.247848, -76.722786).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which   is land and   (2.13%) is water.

The village is at the border of Cayuga County.

Red Creek is also the name of the creek that flows through the community, and dammed to form a small pond on the south edge of the village.

New York State Route 104A passes through the village in a north–south direction as "Wolcott Street," "Water Street," and "Main Street."

Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 532 people, 201 households, and 139 families residing in the village. The population density was 591.1 people per square mile (221.7/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 97.0% White, 1.3% Black or African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.0% from other races, and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population.

There were 201 households, out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 34.0% under the age of 20, 5.8% from 20 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $46,250, and the median income for a family was $44,911. Males had a median income of $44,167 versus $37,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $19,503. About 8.7% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.0% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.

Housing
There were 237 housing units at an average density of 263.3 per square mile (98.8/km2); a total of 15.2% of housing units were vacant.

There were 201 occupied housing units in the village, of which 148 were owner-occupied units (73.6%), while 53 were renter-occupied (26.4%). The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0% of total units. The rental unit vacancy rate was 16.4%.

Government
Mayor: Charles A. Palermo
Deputy Mayor/Trustee: Erika Barnes
Trustee: Michael Bettis
Trustee: Kevin Doll
Trustee: Greg Schiller
Village Clerk/Treasurer: Susan Saylor
NYS Code Enforcement Officer: Bob Day
Public Health Officer: June Smith

Notable people
George Mangus, baseball player
Mike Novak, basketball player

References

External links

Red Creek Fire Department
 History of Red Creek, NY
 RW&O Railroad, Red Creek, NY

1852 establishments in New York (state)
Populated places established in 1852
Villages in Wayne County, New York
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Villages in New York (state)


The world has a tendency to seemingly change in the blink of an eye. And this is especially true of the most important aspects of the world. And one of the all time best examples of this can be found in the realm of optics. It's easy to see how important optical systems are just from how one phrases the statement. Vision is so important to people that metaphors regarding it are threaded through most languages. So it shouldn't come as much of a surprise to find that there's a large investment of technological resources to be found in modern optical system design. It's part of everything from modern phones to advanced satellite systems. But this complexity doesn't come without an extra cost. Of course part of that cost is literal. Advanced optical systems will obviously come with a bit of extra cost in comparison to a more bare boned solution. But the real cost often comes in terms of uncertainty. It can be difficult to know just what to look for in a company which works with Optical components.
But it's actually quite a bit easier to judge the expertise of a company than one might imagine. In fact, one of the simplest ways to do so is to look at how long a company has been around. Some of the best companies specializing in optical systems have been around for decades, even as much as fifty years or more. But another important aspect is seeing how much they value their customers time. The best optical systems companies will also have around the clock staff that will continually test and ship out the advanced systems to people's homes and offices.


This course is intended for advanced learners of St'át'imcets and will continue on from STLG 360 Mentoring 1. The focus will be on gathering St'át'imc language and culture information from a Language Elder Mentor (Mentor) in informal and natural settings thereby providing opportunities for the student to advance their use of St'át'imcets in everyday settings. The course will develop advanced vocabulary and grammatical skills in St'át'imcets through individualized practice with a Mentor. At the start of the course each student will work with her/his Mentor to establish and agree upon goals and objectives to be achieved through the course work (the Student Agreement). The Student Agreement will then serve as the basis for evaluation as the student progresses through the course. Enrolment in this course requires the prior approval of the Upper St'át'imc Language and Culture Authority.
Procedure: Students will be evaluated on the basis of their individualized goals and objectives set in the Student Agreement. Evaluation will be based on oral and written assignments. Assignments 50-70%, Final	30-50%, Total 100%. Grading procedures follow NVIT policy.
demonstrate his/her ability to use the master/apprentice philosophy and methods.
Hinton, Leanne with Vera, Matt. How to Keep Your Language Alive: A Common Sense Approach to One-On-One Language Learning. Current edition. Berkeley CA. Heyday Books.
B Frank, R Whitley, J van Eyjk. Nqwal'uìttenlhkalha Vol.1: Primary Dictionary. Current edition. Lillooet, BC. USLCES.


text:
Q: Paypal payment buttons and IPN: how to link users up uniquely? Strangely the documentation on the Paypal site does not cover this very well.
We have a payment button that redirects to Paypal to process a payment.
We also have an IPN server running that catches paypal payments once they're made.
However, where can we place the "user id" of our system user in the paypal button, so that it will be forwarded to the IPN request in order to match the user up on our system that they have paid. Paypal seems to want people to do this manually, which is a real mission.

A: I'm currently doing some PayPal integration and I concur their documentation is a mess!
I finally found a guide somewhere that details which variables of a PayPal button form are forwarded to the IPN callback. You can use the variable item_name to forward a user id:
<input type="hidden" name="item_name" value="{user id}">

A: You should use:
<input type="hidden" name="item_number" value="{user id}">

and here is the documentation:
https://www.paypalobjects.com/IntegrationCenter/ic_std-variable-ref-buy-now.html

A: As said in the doc (https://developer.paypal.com/docs/classic/ipn/integration-guide/IPNandPDTVariables/)
in your form :
<input type="hidden" name="custom" value="<?php echo $id ?>">

and get it with ipn :
$_POST['custom']

A: For anyone trying to get this working for Paypal SmartButtons, you should do something like this:
return actions.order.create({
  purchase_units: [{
       invoice_id: 'your_custom_stuff1',
       custom_id: 'your_custom_stuff2',
       amount: {
         value: '100'
       }
  }]
});

IPN will sent it as POST data, for example in PHP:
$_POST['invoice']; // 'your_custom_stuff1'
$_POST['custom']; // 'your_custom_stuff2'