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Strategic litigation in a perfect storm—South Africa
The courts have done much in South Africa to advance human rights and promote equality, but in what remains a grossly unequal society they can only do so much.
By: Jason Brickhill
A nurse in Mpumalanga, South Africa listens to the new ART guidelines.
Photo: I-TECH/Flicker
South Africa is the most unequal society in the world, according to a recent World Bank report. Just 1% of the population owns 70% of the country's wealth while the bottom 60% of the country control only 7% of its wealth. More than half of the population lives below the national poverty line of R992 (about $US70) per month, and this number has increased since 2011. The worst affected groups are black people, the unemployed, the less educated, female-headed households, large families and children.
At the same time, South Africa has been said to have, in Cass Sunstein's words, "…the most admirable constitution in the history of the world", and with courts willing to imagine creative ways to enforce it. Civil society has used strategic litigation as one strategy to pursue social justice. But what does it mean to litigate in a society where both of these things are true, to harness the gale-force power of the Constitution in a sea of poverty and human rights violations?
South Africa today is the perfect storm for strategic litigation: a legal system that provides an ideal institutional framework to litigate, and conditions of life for the majority of the people that generate disputes and demands that become major cases.
The 1996 Constitution revolutionized the procedural and substantive law in ways that greatly facilitated strategic litigation. In terms of procedure, the courts were given wide rules to allow public interest cases and class actions, and flexible remedial powers. The courts have used these powers to facilitate access to courts and to grant far-reaching and creative orders. They have struck down unconstitutional laws and executive action and required the state to develop plans to remedy systemic rights violations under judicial or independent supervision. The courts also developed a rule against imposing costs on losing parties who engage in good faith constitutional litigation, to avoid the chilling effect of adverse costs orders. The substantive changes were even greater, including introducing a justiciable Bill of Rights and a robust, justiciable principle of legality (derived from the rule of law).
This framework was laid down in a country emerging from decades of conflict in the struggle for freedom from apartheid and colonial rule. The Constitution—unlike many other constitutions concerned primarily with maintaining stability and limiting the power of the state so as to facilitate individual liberty—recognized the need for structural, societal transformation. Black people, women, people living in rural areas, people living with disabilities and sexual minorities remain marginalized across the public and private spheres of society. And in 1994 when democracy was achieved, South Africa inherited a raft of discriminatory laws and practices, which the Constitution was written to confront and dismantle.
Strategic litigation was taken up as one strategy for social change. In 25 years of the Constitution's existence, courts have decided hundreds of such cases. The courts struck down the death penalty; protected and strengthened LGBTQ rights including marriage equality; and enforced socio-economic rights to housing, health, water and education. In the famous Treatment Action Campaign decision, the Constitutional Court ordered government to roll out antiretroviral drugs to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS, helping to end South Africa's awful period of AIDS denialism. Today, South Africa has the world's largest public antiretroviral treatment programme. More recently, in a series of education cases, the courts have ordered government to eradicate hundreds of unsafe mud schools, ensure all school infrastructure is safe and adequate, supply teachers, textbooks and school furniture and provide transport to children at rural schools having to walk long distances. The reach of the Bill of Rights has been extended to private actors. Confronting the legacy of the exploitation of black mineworkers, a court certified a class action by ex-miners with the disease of silicosis against 32 companies comprising effectively the entire gold mining industry—culminating in a multi-billion Rand settlement. These examples, and many hundreds of similar cases, were brought by civil society organisations, especially the vibrant public interest law sector.
Harnessing the robust principle of legality derived from the rule of law, the courts have also done what would be unthinkable in most countries—effectively removed from office the head of public prosecutions, the head of the public broadcaster, the head of crime intelligence, and another head of public prosecutions, and ordered a sitting president to pay back millions in public money spent on upgrades to his private home. These cases were mainly brought by opposition parties (to the left and the right of government) and watchdog NGOs. Many see the courts as having provided a vital bulwark against attempts by people associated with former President Zuma and the billionaire Gupta family to capture the state and facilitate looting of public resources.
But there is, rightly, growing impatience at the slow pace of structural change and lingering patterns of racialised and gendered inequality. Even comparatively significant gains in the courts can seem like a drop in the ocean. This has resulted in some blaming the Constitution and the courts for the slow pace of change, when the real barriers relate to systemic problems in service delivery by the state and private sector exploitation, all in the context of the legacy of apartheid.
These problems are compounded by the fact that achieving social justice through litigation has its limits because of the nature of the legal process and the capacities of courts. For example, while courts have been willing to enforce positive duties requiring government to provide antiretroviral drugs and school infrastructure, they have not been as willing to impose positive duties to actually provide housing or water to individual litigants, let alone create jobs. These cases highlight the limitations even of successful and relatively far-reaching socio-economic rights litigation to re-make a society.
Undeniably, strategic litigation is a particularly powerful tool for social change in South Africa. It has been crucial in correcting some major policy missteps, unblocking bureaucratic barriers, combatting corruption, injecting urgency and forcing government to prioritise marginalised groups. But there remain real limits to what it can be expected to achieve. Litigation may be one crucial measure, but it is not for courts alone to realize the vision of the Constitution. The Constitution distributes this burden across a carefully balanced system of co-operative government, sharing executive and legislative power among the national, provincial and local spheres. Building a more just society is the task of all parts of the state, civil society and business using every means available to them.
ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED: April 2, 2019
Defending Rights in Court
Jason Brickhill is a tutor in human rights law at the University of Oxford, and Research Director of the Oxford Human Rights Hub. He practiced as a public interest lawyer at the Legal Resources Centre in South Africa from 2008-2016, and is the contributing editor of the recent book, Public Interest Litigation in South Africa (Juta, 2018).
Economic and social rights force us to pressure a return to the state
By: Katharine G. Young
Litigating rights under occupation
By: Jessica Montell
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Landmark case from Romania expands possibilities for LGBT rights
By: Adrian Coman
Seizing opportunities and broad strategy both essential in human rights litigation
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Healthcare Support Workers are first Open University students to become qualified nurses
December 15, 2022 heaneymedia Argyll and Bute, Balloch, Dumbarton, Helensburgh, Latest News, Scotland Wide, Vale of Leven, West Dunbartonshire Leave a comment
Two NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde nurses are the first Healthcare Support Workers (HCSW) from the board to complete the Open University Pre-registration Nursing programme.
The programme provides a pathway for HCSW to become registered nurses through online learning and assessments as well as practical placements.
Sandra Darwish, left, and Robert Stuart both qualified as nurses and have already started their roles in both the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and Glasgow Royal Infirmary.
Sandra, who works in the Elective Surgery ward at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, shared her appreciation for the course: "I can't recommend the Open University Course for HCSW's enough and I would encourage anyone who is considering applying to go for it.
"Other health boards had offered the Open University Course in the past and I was delighted when I found out NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde were going to be offering it to HCSW.
"The role is different from being a HCSW but everyone across the health board has been extremely supportive and the staff are amazing."
The course is completed over four years whilst still undertaking a full time role as a HCSW professional.
Balancing studies as well as a full time job required a lot of hard work and Sandra encourages anyone who may be on the fence about applying for the course to not think twice.
She added: "I think you do need to be fully committed to the course as it can be difficult balancing both studies and placement alongside a full time job. There definitely isn't as many days off but you get used to that for the duration of the course.
"However, the benefit definitely outweighs any stressful days. The time will pass whether you do it or don't do it.
"So if you are considering applying, please do. There is nothing to be lost and everything to be gained."
David Lamont, Lead Nurse for Practice Education at NHSGGC, said: "This programme is a great opportunity for HCSW's that want to take the next step in their career.
"The opportunities are endless after completing the degree and obtaining Nursing and Midwifery Council registration and we would encourage anyone who is considering applying to submit an application.
"The next round of intakes commences on 6 February, 2023 and we hope to see the same levels of interest as we have in the last year.
"If you have any hesitations or are unsure about what the course entails, please log on to our website.
"We also have application awareness sessions via Microsoft Teams taking place on Monday, 19 December and Thursday, 19 January, where you can find out additional information on course eligibility and further details."
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Eurgle Ruan
Eurgle Ruan (1944 - 2006)
East Elmhurst, Queens County, New York 11369
Eurgle Ruan was born on July 7, 1944. Eurgle died on November 26, 2006 at 62 years old. We know that Eurgle Ruan had been residing in East Elmhurst, Queens County, New York 11369.
Eurgle Ruan Eurgle Ruan (1944 - 2006)
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Eurgle Ruan was born on July 7, 1944
Eurgle Ruan died on November 26, 2006
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Calverton National Cemetery Section 32 Site 1349 210 Princeton Boulevard - Rt 25, in Calverton, New York 11933
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Branch of service: Us Air Force Rank attained: SGT Wars/Conflicts: Vietnam
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Eurgle Ruan died on November 26, 2006 at age 62. Eurgle was buried in Calverton National Cemetery Section 32 Site 1349, Calverton, New York . Eurgle was born on July 7, 1944. We have no information about Eurgle's surviving family. We know that Eurgle Ruan had been residing in East Elmhurst, Queens County, New York 11369.
Source(s): Social Security Death Index and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
Refresh this page to see various historical events that occurred during Eurgle's lifetime.
In 1944, in the year that Eurgle Ruan was born, on June 22nd, the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, called the G.I. Bill, was signed into law, pushed through by the veteran's organizations. Benefits provided for veterans to return to school (high school, vocational school, or college), obtain low interest home mortgages and low interest business loans, and (if needed) one year of unemployment insurance. Since most returning vets immediately found work, less than 20% of the unemployment benefits were distributed.
In 1958, Eurgle was just 14 years old when on March 24th, Elvis Presley was inducted into the United States Army. Although he could have served in Special Services as an entertainer, he chose to become a regular soldier. Almost everyone thought it would be the end of his career - it wasn't.
In 1960, at the age of 16 years old, Eurgle was alive when on September 26th, the first televised debate for a Presidential campaign in the United States - Kennedy vs Nixon - was held. Seventy million people watched the debate on TV. The debate pre-empted the very popular Andy Griffith Show.
In 1978, when this person was 34 years old, on July 25th, Louise Brown, the first "test-tube baby", was born at Oldham Hospital in London. Louise was conceived through IVF (in vitro fertilization), a controversial and experimental procedure at the time.
In 1985, this person was 41 years old when in May, a paper published in Nature by three British scientists reported that a huge hole was discovered in the ozone layer over the Antarctic. It was much larger than expected and is due to the use of manmade chemicals.
Other Ruans
Shou Xing Ruan
Jin Xiu Ruan
Oct 1, 1899 - Jun 14, 1998
Lijuan Ruan
Dec 28, 1931 - Jun 15, 2011
Clara Ruan
Aug 18, 1899 - Dec 1980
Pei Y Ruan-Wu
Oct 7, 1966 - Jul 7, 2003
Yu-Jiao Ruan
Shi M Ruan
Su Mei Ruan
Nu Shun Ruan
Jan 13, 1924 - Sep 2, 1996
Zhu Lian Ruan
Nov 8, 1927 - Oct 12, 2008
Jin Wan Ruan
Feb 12, 1916 - Apr 8, 2000
Q Ruan
Dec 6, 1922 - Oct 31, 1996
Gong Xing Ruan
Feb 22, 1915 - Jun 4, 2004
Mary Ruan
Apr 17, 1919 - Jun 12, 2006
Jin Zuo Ruan
Guillermo Ruan
Jan 5, 1943 - May 6, 2005
Jane Ruan
Apr 17, 1897 - Aug 1987
Mu T Ruan
Jan 1, 1941 - Aug 16, 2001
Sidney Ruan
Shi X Ruan
Ann Meltzer
Sep 15, 1888 - Aug 1977
Michael J Thacker
Francis Riviezzo
Jan 6, 1946 - May 29, 1996
Emilio Gonzalez
Aug 4, 1908 - Feb 1986
Guy Lekites
Jul 21, 1945 - Dec 10, 2001
Joyce Bartow Davis
Jan 5, 1943 - Mar 12, 2006
Nov 14, 1923 - Aug 6, 2006
This page dedicated to Eurgle Ruan is a collaborative biography where anyone can add information and share memories.


follow me home: Secret Subject Swap: 4/14 The Caffeine Story.
*latches on to your leg* TAKE ME WITH YOU!!!!
I HATE when I go to get my favorite creamer and someone has had the audacity to take the last one. What the eff, man? I feel like they should have a special stock just for me.
Holy crap that was a ride. Sorry but...I love my caffeine. Great post. I really enjoyed it.
i worked at starubucks for 7 years and consumed caffeine the whole time; i understand the caffeine need. also, i just love your little pictures! they are so great and add a great element to your blog.
Thanks, Matt. Caffeine is definitely a must have at our house. I do like it hot, though. No diet Coke or Iced coffee for me. My teenager does the drawings for me. I'm always laughing at what he comes up with after just a few requests.
Decaffeinated? What a cruel twist to such an amazing place. Good thing you came back.
No one writes a funny story like you do. I'll miss you these next few months, but I hope they're filled with joy and smiles (and maybe a tear or two).
I'll miss you too! Getting nervous, but I know it will all work out well.
LOL that was awesome. I'll try to avoid falling into the walk-in coolers at Walmart. I bet if you did that somewhere else, there'd be caffeine involved.
Woo hoo! Plot twist! Love it.
I loved this one. Cute story.


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Driftwood Percussion will perform Anna Thorvaldsdottir's piece "Aura" for four percussionists, in a close circle, at The Roundhouse on Saturday, Nov. 3 at 2 p.m. as part of Music on Main's Modulus Festival.
The Icelandic composer's "Hrím," for chamber orchestra was written in 2010 as a commission for The UCSD New Music Ensemble, was intended as a companion piece to Ligeti's chamber concerto. Hrím is written for chamber orchestra (flute, oboe/also plays english horn, clarinet, bass clarinet, horn, trombone, piano/also plays celeste, 2 violins, viola, cello and double bass). CAPUT Ensemble, conducted by Snorri Sigfús Birgission, performed "Hrím" the opening track on Rhízoma, Thorvaldsdottir's debut album, released on Innova Recordings (2011). PHOTO: HRAFN ASGEIRSSON.
Anna Thorvaldsdottir is an Icelandic composer who frequently works with large sonic structures that tend to reveal the presence of a vast variety of sustained sound materials, reflecting her sense of imaginative listening to landscapes and nature. Her music tends to portray a flowing world of sounds with an enigmatic lyrical atmosphere. Thorvaldsdottir new Deutsche Grammophon / Universal Music Classics recording - Aerial includes six expansive new works with ensembles of varying sizes and is the follow up to her noteworthy debut portrait album, 2011's Rhízōma, which ended up on numerous year end lists.


The Producer's Guild of America identifies at least eight different type of motion picture producers. Unfortunately, none of their descriptions encompass the role and responsibilities of the story producer, and their chief, the Supervising Producer. The situation is further complicated by the existence of the Post Supervisor, and the subordinate coordinator position. If you factor in society's general lack of understanding about editing, you arrive at a truly ponderous crossroads.
The first distinction must be made between all of the producer types, and the editors. Editors and producers make significant contributions towards creating a reality show. But it's the labors of the editor that "create" the final images you see on television. The U.S. Department of Labor defines what an editor does as: "manipulate images that entertain or inform an audience." But in reality television producers are usually expected to know how to operate nonlinear editing software, usually Avid Media Composer. So this definition falls short.
Ultimately, I think it boils down to something very simple: an editor can also be a producer, but a producer can not be an editor. What I mean by this is: if you needed to create something to air on television tonight, an editor could lean on their skills to create programing, while a producer could not. Here skills refer to someone with an assortment of technical knowledge and artistic experience ranging from knowing how to assemble a show for broadcast according to network delivery specifications, to abstract things like timing and juxtaposition. That merging of the left and right brain certainly requires a certain kind of person. But I digress.
The next distinction required is between the "logistics and operations" producers (the Post Supervisor and coordinators) and the "creative" producers (the Supervising Producer and story producers). The difference between these producer types is similar to quantitative and qualitative things. The Post Supervisor manages the quantitative aspects of the show: the budget, the post schedule. And the Supervising Producer manages the qualitative things like interpreting network notes and rewriting interview questions.
There is nuance within this separation. For example, a good Post Supervisor can act as a sort of show coach. But in general I believe that it is important for a Post Supervisor to be non-creative in the office. Story producers and editors can become emotional about their work; it is good for them to know they won't get any additional notes from me.
There is also an additional distinction between the Post Supervisor and the Supervising Producer worth mentioning: as the show's production cycle changes, so does the workload and responsibilities. During pre-production a Post Supervisor is busy budgeting, scheduling, and locking down hires. The days are busy with a hundred little tasks, but there is usually no reason for the days to be long.
Once production begins and footage rolls in from the field, the Post Supervisor becomes busy supervising loading, grouping, episode prep and communicating with the field to resolve the technical issues that always crop up. The Supervising Producer will be busy herself getting story updates from the field, and communicating with The Showrunner and network executives. During the production phase, the two usually work equally long.
Once the show hits its middle phase and all of the episodes are prepped, the Post Supervisor's work decreases, but conversely the Supervising Producer's work increases. With non-stop cuts being sent to the network the Supervising Producer needs to keep all of the teams appraised of the evolving story notes, while the Post Supervisor should be reaping the rewards of all his planning.
As the season winds down the balance of work shifts yet again. Delivering and finishing episode after episode, often back against airdates, the Post Supervisor again has hundreds of tasks to oversee. The importance of completing them correctly the first time is paramount because mistakes are costly at a time when it can least afford to be spared. Meanwhile the Supervising Producer's role diminishes as the creative team wraps out.
Up until now we have defined a story producer by what they are not. We've separated editors from producers; then subdivided producers into operations producers and creative producers; and finished by distinguishing the Supervising Producer as the chief of the story producer. This done, now we arrive at the possibility of describing the responsibilities of a role singular to reality television.
The story producer, like the Fat-Cutter of old, "cuts down" an unwieldy mass into something more manageable. In reality television the unwieldy mass takes the form of hundreds of hours of vérité and interview footage. The process of "cutting down" the best bits into a straightforward 43 minutes story is a valuable, but under-appreciated skill.
The story producer will read story summaries from the field, and screen various pieces of footage to see how well the outlines match the coverage. The purposes of all this refinement is, as Matthew Watts description of the story producer's job, "to simplify and delay" the story for the audience. But alas; we will dive into the story producer's process later in our narrative. Satisfied for the time being that we know of their existence, and their contribution to the show.


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Sara Newton
10 Surprising Former Librarians
Before he led the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong worked as a librarian's assistant at Peking University.... READ ON
The 5pm Quiz: Fictional Bands
Maybe you don't follow the underground scene, and you are woefully uneducated about the Next Big Thing's independent album. How about the fictional musicians from television and film? Were you a Zack Attack groupie? Can you sing all the lyrics to "Let's go to the mall!"? Prove your fandom and take our fictional band quiz. Take the Quiz: I'm With The (Fictional)... READ ON
6 Historical Events People Love to Reenact
Their fans get up at the crack of dawn and drive, sometimes hundreds of miles, to empty fields where they put on an army uniform, pick up a bayonet, and faithfully reenact battles from the Revolutionary War. Or the Civil War. Or Desert Storm. Historical reenactments, known to their supporters as "living histories," are events where individuals attempt to faithfully portray an event of the past. But wars aren't the only historical events that lend themselves to enthusiastic and accurate... READ ON
The 5pm Quiz: Broadway Musicals
Whether you saw the original productions (or, more likely, a revival), or own the film versions on worn-out VHS tapes, true fans know that The Golden Age of Broadway (c. 1943-1968) blessed us with classic, yet sometimes ridiculous tunes. How well do you know your soundtracks? Let's test your knowledge of musical theatre lyrics. Take the Quiz: Broadway... READ ON
The 5pm Quiz: Skymall Product or Rejected Invention Patent?
The products gracing the pages of the SkyMall Magazine provide guaranteed laughter, disbelief and audible exclamations of "Who would buy that?" In each question in today's quiz, one product is actually for sale in SkyMall Magazine; the other is an invention that failed to secure a patent. Can you tell the difference? Take the Quiz: Actual Skymall Product or Rejected Invention... READ ON
The Quick 10: 10 Broadway Musicals Based on Books
Broadway in Chicago recently held a conference on the topic of transforming books into Broadway Musicals, partially due to the success of "Wicked," the longest running Broadway Musical in Chicago history. But "Wicked" wasn't the first work of literature to be interpreted through song on the stage. Here are ten Broadway musicals based on books. 1. "Wicked," "the untold story of the witches of Oz," is based upon the best-selling novel by Gregory... READ ON
The 5pm Quiz: Name That Font
When Helvetica turned 50 in 2007, it was honored with the release of an eponymous independent documentary film. While that font has claimed its own place in history, it remains only one of many options on your Microsoft Word toolbar. Think you can tell one typeface from another? Take the Quiz: Name That... READ ON
8 Literary Heroines: Sisters Doin' It For Themselves
Recently, a good friend and I discussed books we read and re-read growing up and noticed a common theme: Our lasting favorites featured strong female protagonists who often kicked some serious behind. After the fun I had writing about literature's desirable men and reading the heated debates in the comments, the time came to reminisce and cyber-bond over sassy leading ladies. Warning: Some spoilers ahead. 1. Elizabeth Bennet (from Pride and Prejudice by Jane... READ ON
7 of Literature's Most Desirable Leading Men
What did women do before we had People magazine to define ultimate attractiveness and tell us which leading man is the Sexiest Man Alive? Since the sexiness of said men is debatable and so many more worthy contenders are passed over, I suggest adding fictional men to the ballot. Literary characters are timeless; they never age, lose their looks or compromise their reputation. A self-proclaimed book nerd, I maintain that the most attractive men exist in the world of stories. Obviously I haven't read every... READ ON
7 Disasters Caused by Lightning
From gunpowder stockpiles to Star Wars memorabilia, it seems that nothing is safe from a lightning strike. Let's take a look back at some notable examples. 1. Lightning and Gunpowder Don't Mix In August of 1769, lightning struck the tower of the Church of the Nazaire in Brescia, Italy. The current passed through the vaults where 207,000 pounds of gunpowder had been stored for safekeeping. You can tell where this is going. The aftermath destroyed a sixth of the city and killed 3,000 residents.... READ ON
What is "People who are not Ken Jennings"?: Other Notable Jeopardy! Contestants
Four years ago today (June 2, 2004), an unassuming Mormon with boyish good looks and a pistol-quick reaction on the buzzer began his famous winning streak on Jeopardy! When his original appearance ended, Ken Jennings won $2,520,700 (the highest total winnings in non-tournament play) in an unprecedented 74 games. Additionally, Ken holds the record for the longest winning streak in the game show's history, and the most money won in a single game: $75,000. Since making his mark, Ken appeared on the Jeopardy!... READ ON
Dead Rabbits & Other Historical Pregnancy Tests
In the ubiquitous Baby Mama trailer, Tina Fey looks at a used home pregnancy test that mocks her with a foreboding blue "NO" in the results box. Although the mock factor is optional, home pregnancy tests can lay it out straight: YES or NO. Whether the results are determined by blue lines, a plus or minus sign, or the plain words, the "pee on a stick" method is a popular way to discover if one is with child. Isn't it interesting that one of life's greatest achievements... READ ON
Judging Your Vices
I've never felt more like a therapist or priest as I did when reading the submissions in our 'Admit Vice, Win Book' contest. Apparently, the world of flossers is not limited to knowledge junkies, but junkies for World of Warcraft, for your own bodily functions and odors (and those of your pets), and for trashy television and movies. And many of you admitted to, shall I say, well-known vices (you know who you are). Now that I know you all too well, to determine two "winners," I used the guidelines for... READ ON
Interview with NPR's Peter Sagal
Like many fellow flossers, I am addicted to public radio. The soft buzz of NPR is truly cathartic on Saturday mornings when Wait Wait"¦Don't Tell Me! airs in Chicago. If your weekend routine does not include this show, you are missing out on an informative and hilarious hour of current events commentary. And on occasion, the hosts even break out a copy of mental_floss magazine. One of the personalities behind this weekly news quiz is Peter Sagal. Self-described as "vanilla," Peter also... READ ON
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A super-skimmable daily digest.


A petition to the faculty requesting the extension of the Thanksgiving recess from Wednesday to the following Monday was signed by 664 students. The faculty, however, instead of making the recess longer than usual, have shortened it to one day. Their meaning probably is that, while the students complained because the journey to and from home consumed in most cases the whole time granted, it ought not to be a great hardship to spend the day in Cambridge. [Harvard Correspondent of N. Y. Post.


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Kapince () is a village and municipality in the Nitra District in western central Slovakia, in the Nitra Region.

History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1261.

Geography
The village lies at an altitude of 155 metres and covers an area of 5.839 km². It has a population of about 193 people.

Ethnicity
The village's population is approximately 99% Slovak and 1% Magyar

Facilities
The village has a public library and football pitch.

See also
 List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia

References

Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Bratislava, Nitra, Slovakia"

 Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1823-1897 (parish B)

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Surnames of living people in Kapince

Villages and municipalities in Nitra District

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Lewis Hamilton gained the 1,000th Components One Grand Prix in China on Sunday after grabbing the lead from Mercedes team-mate Valtteri Bottas on the first nook and powering to victory Hamilton, who began from second on the grid, took the world championship lead after romping dwelling to win the Chinese language Grand Prix by greater than 6.5 seconds from Bottas, with Ferrari's Sebastian Vettel third. Max Verstappen of Purple Bull was fourth and Charles Leclerc within the second Ferrari was fifth. This was world champion Hamilton's sixth victory on the Chinese language Grand Prix and second in a row this season. Wins the landmark 1000th F1 race Victory for the second Grand Prix in a row Goes to the highest of the championship standings Not a foul Sunday for @LewisHamilton #ChineseGP #Race1000 pic.twitter.com/84Roskji6q — Components 1 (@F1) April 14, 2019 "To have a one-two (for Mercedes) is admittedly particular within the 1,000th grand prix however the begin was the place it made the distinction and the remaining is historical past," stated the Briton. Hamilton was pipped for pole place by Bottas by simply zero.023 seconds in qualifying and had stated that he was "combating the automobile". However the Finn laboured out of the blocks, permitting Hamilton to nip in and seize the lead on the first nook. "I misplaced it on the beginning, actually, disgrace in regards to the begin, I bought some wheel spin on the beginning line," stated Bottas, who additionally relinquished his maintain on the standings after three races. Gifted 21-year-old Leclerc in the meantime pulled off the identical trick in the beginning on the expense of his team-mate Vettel, darting into third. There was extra early drama when Toro Rosso's Daniil Kvyat tangled with each McLarens of Lando Norris and Carlos Sainz, incomes the Russian a drive-through penalty. On lap 11, four-time world champion Vettel leapfrogged again in entrance of Monaco's Leclerc into third following radio orders from Ferrari telling the teenager to let him go. "We do our job, keep centered," Leclerc — agonisingly denied victory final outing in Bahrain after his Ferrari misplaced energy late on — was knowledgeable on crew radio after he briefly protested. Again on the entrance, the 34-year-old Hamilton started pulling away, establishing a greater than five-second hole on Bottas with a 3rd of the race gone. Pay rise for the pit lane guys, @MercedesAMGF1 #Race1000 #ChineseGP pic.twitter.com/53g7gFz79o — Components 1 (@F1) April 14, 2019 With five-time world champion Hamilton — winner in Bahrain two weeks in the past — serene up high, the actual battles unfolded behind him. Vettel, underneath strain after a variety of unforced errors going again to final season, went wheel-to-wheel with Verstappen after each pitted for recent tyres. Vettel, Bottas after which Toro Rosso's Alexander Albon, who missed qualifying after a nasty crash in remaining follow, all exchanged quickest laps. On lap 38 of the 56 it was Leclerc and Bottas who had a skirmish within the compelling battle for second. Leclerc then pitted and was momentarily held up by a relatively sluggish change of tyres. Nico Hulkenberg, who certified eighth for Renault, noticed his race come to an early conclusion after the crew retired his faltering automobile. Norris and Kvyat have been additionally pressured out earlier than the top. Ultimate Classification: Shanghai Grand Prix 2019Supply: F1 Twitter The fourth race of the season takes place on the streets of Baku, in Azerbaijan, in a fortnight. The put up WATCH: Hamilton dominates F1 1000th race in China appeared first on On-line Sports activities Weblog.


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Tekning (, inom ishockey nedsläpp) är en metod för att starta eller återuppta spelet i sporter som ishockey, bandy, innebandy och lacrosse. Gemensamt för dessa är att de är lagsporter, där spelet går ut på att med hjälp av klubbor föra en boll eller puck in i motståndarlagets mål.

I en tekning deltar endast två spelare, en från vardera laget. Andra spelare måste hålla sig på ett, beroende på sporten, varierande avstånd från tekniningspunkten. Uppgiften för de s.k. tekarna är att vid igångsättningen av spelet vinna kontroll över bollen eller pucken för det egna lagets räkning.

I ishockey startar spelet efter att en domare släppt ned pucken mellan de båda spelarna och denna träffat isen. I andra sporter placeras bollen på spelplanen mellan spelarna, och spelet börjar efter signal från domaren.

Ishockey
Inom svensk ishockey används ordet nedsläpp för det som kallas tekning i andra sporter. Förutom straffslag är nedsläpp det enda sättet varmed spelet kan starta. Tekning används för att starta spelet vid början av varje spelperiod, efter mål, efter de flesta förseelser samt efter avblåsning av andra orsaker. Om vanligt spel skall fortsätta efter ett straffslag, inleds det med ett nedsläpp.

Ishockeybanan har nio markerade nedsläppspunkter, och nedläpp får bara ske vid dessa. Fem nedsläppspunkter – mittpunkten och de fyra nesläppspunkterna i ändzonerna – är omgivna av cirklar med radien 4,5 meter. Övriga spelare måste befinna sig utanför den aktuella cirkeln vid nedsläpp i denna.

Det finns detaljerade regler om vilken nedsläppspunkt som skall användas vid olika typer av spelavbrott. De båda tekarna skall stå vända i anfallsriktningen på en klubblängds avstånd från varandra och alla spelare skall befinna sig på sin försvarssida av nedsläppspunkten. Tekarna skall placera sina klubbor utanför den markerade nedsläppspunkten, som har diametern 60 cm. En domare släpper ned pucken på nedslagspunkten mellan dem, och spelet börjar först efter att pucken har nuddat isen.

Bandy
I bandy kan bollen sättas i spel med en rad olika metoder liknande dem som förekommer i fotboll. Tekning kommer till användning, efter att spelet tillfälligt stoppats av domarens avblåsning. Den utförs på den plats, där bollen befann sig vid avblåsningen. Om detta var i ett målområde, görs tekningen från närmaste frislagspunkt utanför detta. Vid tekningen får inga andra spelare än de två tekarna befinna sig mindre än fem meter från tekningspunkten.

Innebandy
Tekning sker i innebandy efter mål, för att starta en period, efter avblåsning för avvaktande utvisning, efter missat såsom satt straffslag, efter avblåsningar för saker som skador, domaren träffas av bollen och påverkar spelet, obehörig beträder planen, bollen går sönder o.s.v. En tekning sker alltid vid en av de sju tekningspunkterna, ett i vardera hörn + en i mittcirkeln och två på kanterna på mittlinjen. Den i mittcirkeln används bara efter mål och för att starta en period och de sju övriga används vid andra fall.

En tekning går till på så sätt att bollen ligger stilla på tekningspunkten medan en spelare från vardera lag står bakom bollen med fötterna, knäna och klubbladet pekandes mot motståndarlagets kortsida så att en rät vinkel bildas mot den skärande mittlinjen (finns bara på punkterna på mittlinjen men samma princip tillämpas vid hörnen). Man ska hålla klubban med normal hållning, s.k. hockeytekningar är inte regelrätta, man ska även hålla den lägsta handen över markeringen som finns på alla, av IFF godkända, klubbor. I fall man inte följer dessa anvisningar har domaren rätt att byta tekare. Efter korrekt position har intagits, inväntas domarens signal och på den är målet att vinna innehavet av bollen genom att (oftast) dra bak bollen till sina backar men det förekommer även att man dra fram bollen för att kunna göra mål snabbt.

Källor

Fotnoter

Externa länkar

Bandyregler
Innebandyregler
Ishockeyregler
Ishockeyterminologi


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"Fukuoka," an upcoming drama from Korean-Chinese director Zhang Lu, will have its international premiere at the 69th Berlin International The Wandering Earth Film Festival.
According to Lu Films, the movie has received an official invitation to screen at the Forum section of the Berlinale, a noncompetitive section Aren't You Happy? that is open to films of all formats and genres. It is one of seven sections at the festival, the others being Competition, Panorama, Generation, Perspektive Deutsches Kino, Berlinale Shorts and Retrospective.
This marks the third time Lu's work will be featured at the prestigious festival. His 2007 film "Desert Dream" was invited to compete at the 57th Berlinale, Missing Link while "Dooman River" was screened at the 60th festival in 2010 as part of the Generation section.
Director: Lu Zhang
Actors: Kwon Hae-hyo, Park So-dam, Rui Zhao, Yoon Je-moon, Yukari Yamamoto
Country: Japan, South Korea
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Wildwitch
"Wildwitch" will screen at the Norwegian International Film Festival in the New Nordic Films work in progress section. Adapted from the best-selling novels by Bo Hr. Hansen and Poul Berg,…
Genre: Family, Fantasy
When Gerda Wegener asks her husband Einar to fill in as a portrait model, Einar discovers the person she's meant to be and begins living her life as Lili Elbe….
Country: Belgium, Denmark, Germany, UK, USA
The Perfect Host: A Southern Gothic Tale
Co-written and directed by Arkansas native Derrick Sims, the picture was filmed in and around the infamous Allen House in Monticello in Spring 2016. It is currently in post-production in…
The Peanut Butter Falcon
"The Peanut Butter Falcon" tells the story of a young man with Down syndrome named Zak, who runs away from a nursing home to pursue his dreams of becoming a…
For 19-year-old Jay, fall should be about school, boys and weekends out at the lake. But a seemingly innocent physical encounter turns sour and gives her the inescapable sense that…
The Red Collar
In 1919, in a small town under the crushing heat of summer, a war hero is held prisoner in an abandoned barracks. Outside, his mangy dog barks night and day….
The Etruscan Smile
Rory MacNeil lebt auf einer winzigen Insel an der schottischen Nordküste. Seine Frau ist tot, sein Sohn nach San Francisco ausgewandert, Rory ein Raubein und Eigenbrötler. Er ist körperlich fit,…
Luis and the Aliens
Cali, September 24, 2018. The new Cinema For All function, which will take place on Saturday, September 29 at 9:30 a.m. In 12 cities of the country, it will Freaks…
Country: Denmark, Germany, Luxembourg
Terry Gilliam has brought to Cannes his long-gestated and epically delayed movie version of Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote, a biblical ordeal of wrecked sets, collapsed funding and bad luck…
Country: Argentina, Spain
Cinema Guild will release the film in theaters in early 2019. It's the eighth feature film from the Turkish filmmaker, who won the Palme d'Or at Cannes in 2014 for…
Going for Gold is an Adelaide-based production, with investment from the South Australian Film Corporation and an American partner, that seeks to tap into this apparently growing market. I'd guess…
Genre: Drama, Family
Netflix has unveiled its first trailer for Mute, the latest film from Warcraft director Duncan Jones, who confirmed earlier this month that it would begin streaming on February 23rd. Set…
Country: Germany, UK


Waterloo Classics is a monthly classic car show/meet in central London. It is a casual atmosphere where you can bring your classic car (or classic motorcycle), show it off, see other classics, and have something to eat and drink.
We meet between 12:00 and 16:00 on the third Saturday of every month at the Lower Marsh Market – on Lower Marsh Street just behind Waterloo Station.
Mixing classic cars and market stalls to create a fun atmosphere.


Ammon Bundy, the leader of an armed seizure of a federal wildlife refuge in Oregon, was arrested and one was person was killed Tuesday night in rural Oregon, the F.B.I. and the Oregon State Police said.
Five other people, including Mr. Bundy's brother Ryan Bundy, were arrested, the authorities said.
Were there only seven of them?
"Officials did not say who fired the shots, or if there was an exchange of gunfire. Each of the defendants faces a felony charge of conspiracy to impede federal officers from discharging their official duties through the use of force, intimidation or threats." Peter Santilli and Joseph O'Shaughnessy were also arrested on the same charge in 2 separate incidents, which indicates a coordinated effort.
edit: It was apparently "Blue Tarp Man" Lavoy Finicum that was killed/ Source.
Apparently Bundy and some of his followers were en route to a community meeting in John Day, Ore. about 70 miles away. Local source. Federal law enforcement officers converged on the wildlife refuge after the arrests. There are probably fewer than 30 occupiers inside.


For the purposes of this update, I plan to write as if you (the audience) are completely unfamiliar with the Role Playing Games. Some people reading this are likely more than aware of the genre and if you're here only to see the little Ryan sprite, skip below to the "Media" spoiler sections and expand them.
To those who are unfamiliar with Role Playing Games are maybe are just looking for a bit of context, read on. I'm not trying to overexplain anything, just provide give a very high level gloss over. I try to cover where our inspirations come from and also generally touch on what we're trying to create, how the game's battle system will work, etc. Regardless, so far it's been super fun…I'm addicted and I cannot stop developing this thing – which is good, I suppose.
What is a role playing game (RPG)?
What is Umphrey's MCrpg's style based on?
As we mentioned in our poorly written Kickstarter campaign funding request, I have had an ardent fan of RPGs since childhood. And while I played all the subgenres, my favorites were turn based Japanese RPGs like the Phantasy Star , Pokemon and Dragon Quest. Even Super Mario got a turn-based version — I dedicated hours to it, and it was glorious! The most critically acclaimed of the subgenre (and the ones I hammered out the most hours on) were the Final Fantasy series . Their blend of middle age fantasy, sci-fi futuristic revolutions, horror and steampunk aesthetics absolutely captivated me.
Turn based games allow players to focus on strategy over speed in combat. Players are rewarded for their thoughtfulness, craftiness and knowledge of their enemy across the battlefield. Like a game of chess, players can relax and consider their moves before attacking, deciding to heal an ally or evading the situation entirely. While at one point it seemed that the turn-based RPG was a dying breed, it recently has seen a resurgence in popular culture, thanks especially to the popularity of mobile gaming and the Nintendo DS.
This is the gaming system and style of art we hope to emulate within Umphrey's McRPG and thankfully the game engine that we're working with, RPG Maker MV, is perfect for just that. The characters are small and not terribly detailed. They are sorta like a combination between anime and Funko toys. That said, all those small details add up and things like custom unique weapons, attack animations, spell casting animations, battle swag all make for a visually interesting experience. What you will see below is just a draft. It is not finished for the project as of yet, though Ryan is likely the closest out of any of our sprites to the finish product. We also have a very rough outline for a Ryan face, however, we will need the assistance of an artist in the community (if there are any volunteers) if we are to make the faces more detailed. As I have said before, I am a writer and I know how to use this engine to make games, but unfortunately my graphic design skills are somewhat limited.
What WILL BE THE SETTING OF THE GAME?
The below contains information regarding the setting of the game and some elements of gameplay. This may be considered a spoiler to some. If you want to know as little as possible about where the game takes place before it comes out, read no further.
There are over three hundred original Umphrey's tunes from which we can draw inspiration for many of the various elements of the game. Incorporate that with hundreds of venues and festivals and other various scene elements, and we have a plethora of material to start with. Even so, with all the thousands of locations, towns, characters — especially when it comes to names — we've needed to borrow inspiration from music, mythology, video games, art and astronomy, alongside Umphrey's and the jamband scene.
For this to be a fun game to play, we knew we would need to create a solar system that is sufficiently alive enough to be immersive, yet relevant and built around our musical scene. We are making sure the worlds are in depth and we have crafted what we think is an amazing story that will make you care about the characters and their quest and the worlds around them, hate their nemesis and his henchmen, enjoy your time exploring and wondering what will be around every corner, all while not being overly blatant or corny, but also not being irrelevant and pointless. We want to make sure there is history to this solar system, culture to these cities and life to these planets…and purpose to the mission.
Without saying too much, just know that the game takes place in across several planets as the band journeys to find Andy's last beer and save their solar system from a menacing force that threatens to destroy all artistic freedom and creative works in existence!
And now, the Ryan sprite preview. What you will see below is just a draft. It is not the finished project, though Ryan likely the closest out of any of our sprites to the finish product.
The border is not part of the game, it's an effect we threw on the video. This picture is heavily cropped just to focus on Ryan in the battle.
Last points of business – if you're a musician, a writer, programmer or a visual artist of any sort (graphic designers, drawers, painters, photographers) and are willing to volunteer some of your creative efforts towards this project, we need your help! This is a huge project and we would love/appreciate/celebrate any interest any artists might take. If you think you would like to see your art come to life through an Umphrey's related video game, we would love to have you on the team. This is entirely a volunteer project, no one will end up getting paid from this creation, but we'll all end up having a challenging and fun time creating and playing the thing! Get at us here or on our Twitter, Instagram or Facebook pages and let us know you'd like to help!
…Next Update! Let's Tauk Weapons!….
Make sure to follow this project on social media Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.


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On our blog, Collective Impact Forum staff, partners, and guest contributors share the latest learning, innovations, and stories from the field.
It Takes a Community: Newark Comes Together to Make the Most of Summer for their Youth
Katie Willse
Across the nation, community leaders have increasingly recognized the promise of summer to accelerate student learning. But to maximize collective impact and reach the greatest numbers of youth in need, communities must coordinate efforts across sectors, track and share data about existing summer learning opportunities and strengthen partnerships.
Read More and Comment
Developmental Evaluation in the Context of Collective Impact - Part 2
Jewlya Lynn
In Part 1, Kathleen Holmes with the Missouri Foundation for Health explained why developmental evaluation is an important part of the Foundation's infant mortality initiative. She also shared some of the first steps the Foundation, backbone organizations and the evaluators took together to build a shared understanding of developmental evaluation and its role in helping develop a nascent collective impact approach.
Vibrant Communities – Getting to Shared Outcomes
Liz Weaver
A very interesting meeting happened in Montreal in July. The J.W. McConnell Family Foundation, Ontario Trillium Foundation and the Lucie and Andre Chagnon Foundation invited foundation colleagues from Canada and the United States to a workshop focusing on Evaluation and Learning for Aligned Action.
Montana's "Nested Collective Impact" Leverages Rural Community Connections
Deborah Halliday
Montana recently hosted Jeff Edmondson of StriveTogether in a daylong workshop to explore collective impact in rural communities. Six Montana towns, with populations ranging from 7,000 to 100,000, gathered teams from early childhood, K-12, college access and employers to explore the StriveTogether framework.
Kathleen Holmes
When the Missouri Foundation for Health decided to focus on decreasing infant mortality rates, we knew the approach was going to be different from what we had done before. Supporting effective programs and services hadn't solved the problem – something bolder was needed.
What's Equity got to do with it? It is Key to the Success of Collective Impact
Carrie Boron
My colleagues and I posed this question—"What's equity got to do with it?"—to those who took part in our session at the Collective Impact Forum's funder convening in May. As foundations explore how best to support collective impact efforts amongst their grantees, they need the chance to explore blind spots when it comes to ensuring that there are no barriers in place to full community participation. That is, are there foundation practices or policies at work that may deter people of different backgrounds—racial/ethnic, educational, economic, sexual orientation, gender and language—from participating in a collective impact effort, and thus having the genuine impact they all seek?
Working Across Sectors Creates More Opportunity for America's Youth
Collective Impact Forum
By Melody Barnes - Just over a year ago, I stood on stage at the Aspen Ideas Festival to announce 21 communities across the country that were selected for inclusion in the Opportunity Youth Incentive Fund (OYIF), an initiative of the Aspen Forum for Community Solutions. The Opportunity Youth Incentive Fund awarded grants to fund promising cross-sector collaboration in communities seeking to build successful education and employment opportunities for young people disconnected from work and school.
Putting the Community into Community Engagement
Karen Pittman
Community. Engagement. These two words get a lot of air time at the tables where coalition leaders exchange ideas about how to create "needle moving change," whether the topic is childhood obesity, teen pregnancy or college readiness. Every group of leaders believes community engagement is critical to success. Every group laments they don't do it soon enough, often enough, long enough or well enough. Post mortems of community change initiatives frequently cite "lack of community engagement or buy-in" as a reason for failure.
Finding Our People … Just Like the Girl in the Bee Suit
Jeff Edmondson
In the Blind Melon 90s alternative rock video, "No Rain," a young tap-dancing girl in a bee suit wanders throughout town looking for someone to appreciate her talents after being laughed off stage. At the end of the video, the lonely girl discovers a field full of other people dancing in bee suits – she finally found like-minded people who shared her passion!
Building the Collaboration "Muscle"
Emily Wexler
While several months back, May's funder convening in Aspen showed that more grantmakers recognize that no single organization can go it alone when it comes to addressing social issues that are complex, dynamic and intersecting. With efforts like collective impact initiatives that are seeking to transform whole systems, grantmakers can play an essential role in encouraging and supporting nonprofits to work together to achieve better results. To borrow a term that came up many times during the forum, grantmakers are essential partners when it comes to building a community's "civic muscle."


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Dear Mr. Berko: What do we do with 1,300 shares of General Electric, which we bought at $31? Our stockbroker says we should hold them. My wife says sell. And I don't give a (nasty word) what we do?
That broker, whom we've had for 12 years, is leaving J.P. Morgan and going to another firm we've never heard of. He'll be working out of his house. We have been very pleased with his service and advice, but the prospect of changing firms makes us nervous, and that he'll be working out of his home office concerns my wife. Why would he do that? Do you think we should stay at J.P. Morgan or move with him? My wife says move, but I would prefer to stay because "better the devil you know than the devil you don't."
Dear TW: You have to hold General Electric (GE-$7) — and hold your nose, too! I suggest that you buy 1,300 more shares today and then tomorrow sell the 1,300 shares you bought at $31. Take the $31,200 loss but still own the stock. GE has more moving parts than many observers imagined, and some of them should have fantastic future value. The problem is that neither I nor others who watch GE have an idea of how long it will take for that value to manifest itself.
If truth be told, the 200-year-old and prestigious J.P. Morgan isn't any better at managing your portfolio than Oppenheimer, UBS, Starsky & Hutch, Baird or Mary Poppins would be. The difference is the broker you employ to give you advice. The brokerage firm is just the vehicle that transacts your order. Think of it like this. It will take you 12 minutes to safely drive 4 miles to the grocery in a Ford or 12 minutes to drive there safely in a Cadillac. It's the driver who makes the difference, not the car. And in your instance, it's the broker, not the brokerage. Tell your wife that brokers who work from their home are usually older, established, successful brokers. They don't need guidance, are trusted by their firm's management and are usually proven talents. So, if your broker moves to Kokomo, Kalamazoo or Kankakee, go with this guy. As you wrote, better the devil you know than the devil you don't.
When fiscal 2017 ended, Deutsche Bank — the largest of Germany's 1,700 banks, with $1.8 trillion in assets, and the 15th-largest on the globe — had lost $9 billion in its previous three years of operations. Think "derivatives"! At the close of 2017, this $25 billion-revenue bank with 2,400 branches in 60 countries conducted 70 percent of its business overseas. Deutsche Bank (DB-$8.10) is still in big trouble and has had to raise over $8 billion in the past eight years to cover holes in its balance sheet. An American analyst I know who lives in Germany recently told me that investments made years ago are still costing DB between $600 million and $800 million a year. Other investments (derivatives) are straining DB's capital structure and may continue to do so for another decade. These losses stem from a $60 billion derivative screw-up that management is reluctant to bring out in the open. This may eventually devolve into a world-class financial scandal and is going to take years to clean up. Don't buy DB.


Through my time as a home-cleaner and mother, I've gone through many vacuum cleaners. Most of them have been Dyson's as I'm a fond lover of their brand and appliances, but I've also been through other brands. My main purpose with my blog is to help you make an educated purchase when it comes to buying a vacuum cleaner. There are so many different models and accessories to get that it can all seem just too confusing to handle, and that's fine. I hope you enjoy reading through my reviews and buyers guide. If you need anything from me, just contact me through my contact us page.


As for those who study the Bible, they have to pay extra effort in order to understand God's will, and one of the simplest and effective methods is to eye or observe. The Bereans"examined"the Scriptures day after day(Acts 17:10-11, HCSB),so that they could understand biblical truths. "Examined"is searching or examining carefully. The first step of iEXP Bible Study Method is "i" (which stands for eye").
"Genre". By using our eyes, we eye the biblical text carefully. The Bible is written in various genres, such as law, narrative, poetry, wisdom literature and epistles. As the emphasis and the focus of poetry, narrative, prophecy and letter are different, thus the ways to understand and interpret are not the same.
"Occasion". As we study the text, we should pay attention to the facts about time.
"Location". We should pay attention to the location mentioned in the text, as it might give us clues to cause and effect.
"Character". What are the main characters in the passage?
"Action". What have the main characters said and done? These are the information we should observe.
The Apostle Paul urged his young coworker Timothy to handle the word of truth correctly (2 Tim. 2:15), that is, to interpret the Bible with caution. The second step of iEXP Bible Study Method is to "Expound".
"Context". The original Bible is written in Hebrew and Greek. Concerning interpreting the Scriptures, a preacher humorously said, "Regardless of whether you know the original text or not, the most important thing is the context." A verse can be tied to the whole chapter and the entire book, or even the whole Bible, therefore we should not ignore the context in interpretation.
"Comparison". Some verses are very difficult to understand, but we can find clues from the other books of the Bible before making reasonable inferences and giving explanations. Since the sixty-six books of the Bible are linked together, thus Scripture interpret Scripture is very important.
"Commentary". Some Bible scholars have spent their entire life studying the original text and the Bible. When interpreting the Bible, we must refer to the commentaries of scholars who believe in the Bible, so that we can explain the Bible more accurately.
The greatest commandment in the Bible is to love the Lord wholeheartedly and to love humankind (Mark 12:29-31). This is what Christians should exercise on earth. The third step of iEXP Bible Study Method is to"Exercise", that is, to exercise godliness. Applying the biblical truths to our daily living is the ultimate goal of Bible study.
Experience God. After understanding God's will, Bible readers or Bible students should experience God in their daily lives, so that they could deepen their relationship with the Lord.
Interpersonal Relationships. Through Bible study, we come to know human problems and weaknesses, and we should beware of committing the same mistakes like the Bible characters. Owing to human weaknesses, we inevitably hurt others, intentionally or unintentionally; therefore, we must practice mutual forgiveness. In terms of interpersonal relationships, we should edify and care for one another selflessly, in accordance with the biblical teachings.
Personal belief. After each Bible study, nonbelievers could apply the biblical truths to their lives in order to experience whether these truths are true or not. Moreover, they could experience that God is true and alive. Consequently, they would accept God's saving grace. As for Christians, these truths would encourage them to devote themselves to God once again. Also, these Bible principles would further develop their character. Last but not least, these truths could also be the cornerstone and the principle of their service.
By applying the biblical truths to their lives, believers would experience God. When the Bible students experience God and His truths, they should follow the example of the early Christians of testifying to nonbelievers and believers boldly. By means of speech, we witness to nonbelieving friends and to edify believers alike. The fourth step of the iEXP Bible study is "Proclaim".
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a.i. solutions is seeking a driven individual who will support Missile Defense Agency (MDA) mission and quality assurance by participating in multi-disciplinary teams conducting quality and mission assurance evaluations and assessments for existing missile defense components and architectures. This individual will provide technical expertise in engineering to Quality and Mission Assurance Management in performing oversight of all lifecycle phases including requirements, design, development, testing and programmatic efforts. In addition, this role will be supporting design and failure review boards/investigations, milestone reviews and aiding in the implementation of the reliability program. This person will need experience in developing solutions to a wide range of complex technical and programmatic problems. The successful candidate will act as an integral part of the team to ensure the goal of delivering quality products and services that meet and exceed customer expectations.


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Tuition fees 'likely to increase'
MetrowebukmetroThursday 3 Apr 2008 12:15 am
Teenagers could face a massive rise in university tuition fees and the cost of the loans they take out to cover the charges, research suggests.
The interest students have to pay on the loans they use to cover fees could also rise sharply, the Higher Education Policy Institute (Hepi) said.
A huge rise in tuition fees looms, say experts
Some universities want the power to charge fees of £8,000 per year and ministers have promised to review the system in 2009.
The Hepi study suggested that raising the £3,000 cap on fees could hit students from the poorest backgrounds.
Universities may have to waive fees above this level for the poorest students in an effort to make sure working class applicants are not put-off, the report said.
"Although the outcome of the 2009 review cannot be predicted, there are likely to be influential voices in both the higher education sector and the Government arguing for a rise in the maximum fee," it said.
The institute suggested options for a new fees regime which could see students charged a real rate of interest on the Government loans they take out to pay for their fees.
Currently the loans – which mean students pay nothing towards their fees until after graduation – are charged at a zero real rate of interest.
Another option would be for students to pay any fees above the current £3,000 limit as they study, the report said.
Higher education minister Bill Rammell said it was too early to discuss future tuition fees. "The Government has always been clear that there will be no change to the current fee arrangements until after a thorough independent review of the first three years of the variable fees regime," he said.
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text:
An Unspoken Struggle: Things As They Really Are
"Behold, my brethren, he that prophesieth, let him prophesy to the understanding of men; for the Spirit speaketh the truth and lieth not. Wherefore, it speaketh of things as they really are, and of things as they really will be; wherefore, these things are manifested unto us plainly, for the salvation of our souls. But behold, we are not witnesses alone in these things; for God also spake them unto prophets of old." (Jacob 4:13)
One of the biggest hurdles in working through our weaknesses is overcoming disabling and destructive thought patterns, especially when working with those who struggle with sexual-related issues. It's embarrassing, frustrating and private. Unfortunately, almost all embrace thoughts and emotions they believe are appropriate in these struggles but are actually preventing them from progressing and finding hope and joy in the moment. These thoughts and emotions sway from pessimism to optimism. But neither are helpful in healing, self-mastery and embracing the atonement.
Optimism can be as dangerous and destructive as pessimism; it can prevent spiritual growth and self-mastery. Optimism and pessimism are two emotional sides of the same coin. There doesn't appear to be any doctrinal basis for optimism in the gospel. The Lord never chastised Job for complaining or needing to be more happy in his trial, or Joseph Smith for complaining there were too many churches. But you might say, "Job's proving and Joseph Smith restoring the Gospel were a part of God's plan. Like Laman and Lemuel, we are rebelling and sinning against God."
I assure you most, if not all those I see, are no Laman and Lemuel. The moment we sin or transgress, we see ourselves as Laman and Lemuel, and the moment we repent we are Nephi. This is the dichotomy we unfairly place ourselves into and is harmful to our progression. Those who approach sin and self-mastery with optimism and pessimism are slowly losing hope. Our weaknesses don't make us like Laman and Lemuel; our lack of desire to love and trust God and refuse the atonement make us more like Laman and Lemuel. This idea was captured perfectly in a meme I found recently:
I understand this can slide easily into a topic of semantics. You might be recalling talks over the years that you've heard or read encouraging optimism. President Gordon B. Hinckley gave a talk in General Conference in 2001, "Words of the Prophet: The Spirit of Optimism." More recently, T. Jeffrey Wilks of the Marriott School of Management at BYU gave a devotional "Optimism and Joy in the Gospel of Jesus Christ." Both messages are spot on and insightful. I am confident that you can think of many other messages that encourage optimism.
However, what I have found is that these talks use the words "optimism" and "positive thinking" interchangeably with hope and happiness. Technically, this is not what optimism means and is not how most interpret its meaning.
The Webster dictionary defines optimism as "an inclination to put the most favorable construction upon actions and events or to anticipate the best possible outcome."
I believe that this is the definition used by most people and those with whom I have worked. It is the inclination to expect the most favorable outcome as opposed to seeing things as they really are, the "positive" approach to life.
What if Joseph Smith was an optimist? How different do you think his prayer would have been? "Father there are so many churches; it's confusing but thank you for blessing us with so many options to worship thee." He would have missed out on the First Vision experience, lessons of eternity, and the building up of an individual courageous enough to lead the Restored Church into a new dispensation.
Where in scripture does it tell us to be optimistic? It doesn't. But rather, the scriptures teach us to see things as they really are: "Wherefore, it [the spirit] speaketh of things as they really are, and of things as they really will be." The scriptures also teach us to take our concerns — even complaints — to the Lord.
In an often misread scripture, Sariah provided an excellent lesson in the need to complain:
"For she had supposed that we had perished in the wilderness; and she also had complained against my father, telling him that he was a visionary man; saying: Behold thou hast led us forth from the land of our inheritance, and my sons are no more, and we perish in the wilderness. And after this manner of language had my mother complained against my father." (1 Nephi 5:2-3)
I have attended many meetings where individuals interpret Sariah's murmuring and complaining as an issue with her faith and use it as a cautionary tale. However, I see Sariah's actions as an example of faith, authenticity and seeing things as they really are.
Camille Fronk Olsen, professor of ancient scripture, offers additional insight to Sariah's experience:
"I suggest a different explanation. To establish Lehi and his family in a new land where they would inspire and instruct later generations to come unto Christ, God needed more than a father and a son (as successor) to possess a testimony tried in the fire of affliction. God also needed a matriarch, weathered by her own trials of faith and armed with her own unwavering witness, to stand steadfast with her prophet-husband.
When her sons failed to return, Sariah feared, giving evidence that her present faith, though admirably strong, was not yet strong enough to continue the difficult journey, let alone to establish a God-fearing family in a new land. The content of 1 Nephi 5 is therefore especially significant because it shows how crucial a mother's preparation is to the Lord. God desired not only that the family possess the brass plates for the journey, but also that both the mother and the father have unshakable faith before they continued.
... Sariah's reunion with her sons was additionally charged with the spiritual witness and stronger faith she received as a result of her trial. At that moment Sariah gained a deeper testimony than she had previously known. Notice the power and assurance in Sariah as she bore witness to her reunited family: "Now I know of a surety that the Lord hath commanded my husband to flee into the wilderness; yea, and I also know of a surety that the Lord hath protected my sons, and delivered them out of the hands of Laban, and given them power whereby they could accomplish the thing which the Lord hath commanded them." (1 Nephi 5:8)" —Camille Fronk, Desert Epiphany: Sariah and the Women in 1 Nephi
Sariah is a wonderful example of how voicing concern or complaint can strength faith and even be a form of expressing faith.
Consider Joseph Smith's complaint and concern while locked away in Liberty Jail:
"O God, where art thou? And where is the pavilion that covereth thy hiding place? How long shall thy hand be stayed, and thine eye, yea thy pure eye, behold from the eternal heavens the wrongs of thy people and of thy servants, and thine ear be penetrated with their cries?" (D&C 121: 1-2)
What followed was a powerful and calming revelation that would not have occurred if his fears and concerns were glazed over with optimism. Like Sariah's complaining, he expresses faith in a loving Father in Heaven who answers prayers. To some degree, each prayer we offer is a complaint to God and should be. It is important to offer gratitude and recognize His hand in our lives. But it is equally important to see things as they are, recognize our weakness and, well, complain. Complain with hope and faith in the atonement.
Those who struggle with sin, especially sexual issues, often take a pessimistic or optimistic approach to healing. When they give into their weakness, they often shame themselves, which is not sorrow but guilt and negative self-talk and thinking. For some reason, they feel the ease and power of the atonement are not enough. Also, they fear that if there is not enough self-punishment and shame, they will repeat the undesired behavior, a form of scaring themselves out of the behavior. Others, on the other hand, will over-compensate and take on an optimistic or positive thinking approach. The pain, shame and embarrassment are too much to deal with, and feelings that they are not worthy of the atonement are too overwhelming. Therefore, to avoid or cope with that pain, they put on a smile and repeat gospel positive phrases such as, "I know God loves me," "If I fast and pray more, I will overcome this," and "All I need is more faith," or some other form of positive gospel affirmation. These are those whom we sometimes see as dedicated example Saints who seem to never have a negative thought and all the right answers.
One such client came into session each week and after briefly sharing their status immediately engaged in positive gospel self-talk. "I know I failed this week because I didn't read 30 mins each day. If I increase my scripture studies, I will not repeat the sin." They were very literally not seeing things as they really were. They jumped immediately into supposed solutions to their failure. They thought that if they dwelt on it too long or "complained," they would be lacking faith in the process. But what they are doing is denying themselves insights specific to their needs and self-mastery. What eventually happens is that the gospel positive self-talk runs out. Doubt takes over and faith is diminished. No matter how much they pray, read and do good works, they repeat the undesired behavior. As a result, they question their faith and experience a spiritual fatigue. Many give up after years of repeated visits to their bishop and prayers of repentance. They begin to no longer believe that the Lord doesn't give temptations and struggles greater then we can bear (1 Corn 10:13), or if it were true, it must be they are too sinful to be blessed.
Hogwash! It's because we glossed over the atonement with pessimism and optimism. It's not always about more prayer or scriptures but rather a need to see things as they really are. Although our struggles are in no way easy, it is easier to focus on more scriptures, more prayer, and more faith. If Sariah or Joseph Smith glossed over with optimism, would they have expressed their hard concerns and complaints? Would they have learned and been prepared to bring forth greater faith and revelation by laying their fears on the altar?
Even with those who have struggled with their sins for 40 years, I have seen almost immediate success when we begin to voice their complaint to the Lord. It's scary to be accepting of your weaknesses and discuss them with the lord.
But as Kathryn Kirk as pointed out in her struggles, the gospel is a place of healing, not hiding.
I have even heard many say, "Before I see the bishop or a therapist, I want to work through this to a certain point." Sometimes, we in the faith put too much emphasis on our own works and not enough on trusting the atonement. You no longer have to be afraid of your struggles, but embrace them and see them as they really are without guilt or shame. Eliminating shame and seeing things as they really are is essential to self-mastery and to making your weaknesses strong before the Lord.
When we can stop treating our undesired behaviors with optimism or pessimism and face them with courage, we can bravely lay them on the altar to have our weaknesses made strong. Let's replace the optimism, gospel self-talk and pessimism with hope! I love the words of Pope Francis in making this very same point:
"I do not like to use the word optimism because that is about a psychological attitude," the pope says. "I like to use the word hope instead, according to what we read in the Letter to the Hebrews, Chapter 11, that I mentioned before. The fathers of the faith kept walking, facing difficulties. And hope does not disappoint, as we read in the Letter to the Romans. Think instead of the first riddle of Puccini's opera 'Turandot,'" the pope suggests.
At that moment I recalled more or less by heart the verses of the riddle of the princess in that opera, to which the solution is hope: "In the gloomy night flies an iridescent ghost./ It rises and opens its wings/ on the infinite black humanity./ The whole world invokes it/ and the whole world implores it./ But the ghost disappears with the dawn/ to be reborn in the heart./ And every night it is born/ and every day it dies!" These are verses that reveal the desire for a hope. Yet here that hope is an iridescent ghost that disappears with the dawn.
"See," says Pope Francis, "Christian hope is not a ghost and it does not deceive. It is a theological virtue and therefore, ultimately, a gift from God that cannot be reduced to optimism, which is only human. God does not mislead hope; God cannot deny himself. God is all promise." —Pope Francis, A Big Heart Open to God
It is tempting to run from our undesired behaviors, to hide them, or to — in some form of karma — do more good to prevent the bad. Recognize your weaknesses courageously, learn from them, and make them strong.
Tagged: Atonement, Hope, Joy, Love, Optimism, Pessimism, Spirit, Things as they really are


text:
CHC Student Blogs
CHC Home » CHC Home » Student Blogs
Immigration Law Changes....
As I've continued my research on immigration history for our classroom study on immigration, I've come notice an interesting phenomenon within immigration law. In an article detailing the history of Indian exclusion written by law professor, Sherally Munshi, Munshi reflects that immigration was once recognized as merely a human "right to movement". This contrasts greatly with popular views on immigration today, as it is now one of the most highly- controversial political issues of our time, so it's strange to think that the act was not always viewed in this way. The reality of the matter is immigration was not a politicized issue until first-world countries decided to start policing who could enter their country and who couldn't. Take a look at U.S immigration history to see for yourself:
The earliest case of mass immigration to the U.S was the journey of millions of European immigrants through Ellis Island during the late 19th century. The immigration process through Ellis Island was quite short and relatively simple, only consisting of a medical examination for the new arrival and a usually brief legal interrogation; the entire process usually able to be completed easily within a day or less without complications. Almost all of the Europeans who passed through the immigration station during this time period were welcomed in with open arms, with only about 1% of the immigrants getting sent back to their home countries due to concerns of spreadable illness or suspicion of criminal activity. This period of mass (easily accessible) immigration lasted from Ellis Island's opening in 1892 until about 1910 when more restrictions to the immigration system were beginning to be designed due to the approach of World War I as well as the beginning of the formation of many laws restricting what those who could enter were allowed to do, such as:
The Alien Land Law: Passed in 1920, this policy prevented immigrants who were not eligible to eventually become citizens from purchasing land for agriculture in California. While not explicitly stated, this policy was essentially designed to lessen agricultural opportunities for Asian immigrants, due to natives' unease towards the success of Japanese immigrants in the farming industry.
Foreign Miner's Tax: Passed in 1852, this law was also passed in California due to native complaints about the large amount of Chinese immigrants working in the state. The law called for all miners not born in the United States to pay a "monthly license fee." The law was clearly discriminatory however, and not just a government attempt to gather more tax money as it was disguised to be, since the mining industry was made up almost entirely of Chinese workers, so they were really the only ones paying the extra tax.
The Bracero Program: Under this program, many migrant workers were allowed to reside in the country for work and then would return to their home country when theier labor was no longer needed. Many, however, used the program as an opportunity to try to stay permanently. This led to President Eisenhower's development of "Operation Wetback", in which approximately 1 million immigrant workers were deported. The deportations were executed in a highly unethical manner, however, and many workers died due to the brutal heat they were dropped off in and then forced to walk many miles back home. This resulted in the very strange dynamic that still pervades today; American employers claim to need this cheap labor from migrant workers, yet immigration policy only continues to get stricter and stricter, which makes it even more difficult for workers to enter in the first place.
These are only a few examples of the often unfair, highly restrictive immigration laws passed after immigration was no longer considered a right by first-world countries, but rather more of a business venture. By reading further between the lines, one could even come to conclude that these policies may not have been for economic purpose at all, but often to cater to old American policy-makers' biases, for most of these restrictive policies were designed with the underlying motive to restrict the opportunities afforded to ethnic minorities in the U.S by clearly racist policy-makers.
McCorkle, W. D. (2018). Using history to inform the modern immigration debate in the United States. Journal of International Social Studies, 8(1), 149–167. Retrieved from https://chc.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1173500&site=eds-live
Bankston, C. L., & Hidalgo, D. A. (2006). Immigration in U.S. History. Pasadena, Calif: Salem Press. Retrieved from https://chc.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=156444&site=eds-live
The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation. (2006). Ellis Island years. Ellis Island. Retrieved from: http://www.ellisisland.se/english/ellisisland_history1.asp


text:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public static class UKRaycastUtils {
	// steps >= 3
	// returns point, distance, normal
	public static UKTuple<Vector3, float, Vector3> averageRaycast(Vector3 start, Vector3 end, Vector3 up, int steps, int layerMask, float raycastDist, bool debug)
	{
		int hits = 0;

		Vector3 avgPoint = Vector3.zero;
		float avgDistance = 0f;
		Vector3 avgNormal = Vector3.zero;

		for (int i = 0; i < steps; ++i)
		{
			float f = (float)i / (float)(steps - 1);
			RaycastHit hit;

			Vector3 pos = Vector3.Lerp(start, end, f);
			if (Physics.Raycast(pos, -up, out hit, raycastDist, layerMask))
			{
				++hits;
				avgPoint = avgPoint + hit.point;
				avgDistance = avgDistance + hit.distance;
				avgNormal = avgNormal + hit.normal;

				if (debug)
				{
					Gizmos.color = Color.yellow;
					Gizmos.DrawRay(hit.point, hit.normal * hit.distance);
				}
			}
		}

		if (hits > 0)
		{
			avgPoint = avgPoint / (float)hits;
			avgDistance = avgDistance / (float)hits;
			avgNormal = avgNormal / (float)hits;

			if (debug)
			{
				Gizmos.color = Color.red;
				Gizmos.DrawRay(avgPoint, avgNormal * avgDistance);
			}
		}

		return new UKTuple<Vector3, float, Vector3>(avgPoint, avgDistance, avgNormal);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Clinical Psychologist - Primary Care-Mental Health Integration Program Palo Alto VA Location
VA Palo Alto Health Care System
Location: Palo Alto, California
Internal Number: -
The Primary Care-Mental Health Integration Program (PC-MHI) staff psychologist provides clinical services for primary care patients. S/he conducts brief psychological functional assessment and/or cognitive screening that provides diagnostic impression, case formulation and treatment plan. Provides brief follow-up treatment that is supported by evidence -based intervention protocols for the treatment of mild to moderate emotional and medical disorders and disabilities. The modalities include but are not limited to individual, group, and other interventions such as cognitive-behavior therapy and motivational interviewing. Staff psychologist consults with primary care staff regarding behavioral health issues identified in the primary care and specialty medicine populations. S/he may be involved in the training of psychology practicum students, interns, and postdoctoral fellows and trainees in other disciplines such as medicine, nursing, social work, rehabilitation, and others. They may also be involved in service -related services that facilitate the operation of the health care system such as Employee Assistance Counseling, VA Police Psychological evaluations, and forensic evaluations.
Provides brief therapy follow-up and traditional Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) treatment protocols (e.g. CBT-CP, CBT-I). Reviews assessments completed by others, and obtains missing information from providers, patients, and medical records. Administers measurement-based care screening measures. Completes mental health clinical reminders including suicide screening at visit.
Completes comprehensive suicide risk assessment for patients who screen positive in clinics to which incumbent is assigned.
Determines the appropriate level of care need for patients not currently receiving mental health treatment and makes appropriate referrals for clinical services available through the medical center and local community.
Provides clinical interventions. These interventions include individual and group psychoeducational interventions. Contacts patients through written correspondence, telephone calls, telehealth (i.e. video tele-conferencing, VVC) and in-person contacts.
Available to provide joint visits with M.D. and patient and/or family.
Assists medical staff with psychoeducational interventions targeted at pain management, sleep, treatment adherence issues and other medical outcomes.
Provides coverage for other facility PACT/Health psychology sites as needed.
Provides emergent mental health services, per clinic protocol which, on rare and unique occasion, may include initiating 5150 holds and managing other mental health related legal issues. Collaboratively develops and follows site specific standard operating procedure for potential hospitalizations that take PCMHI access into consideration.
Participates in productivity and grid capacity self- assessment with Program Manager.
· Salary - $125,185 - $176,300 per year
· Pay scale & grade - GS 11 - 13
Work Schedule: Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 4:30 PM
Education: (1) Doctoral degree in psychology from a graduate program in psychology accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA), the Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System (PCSAS), or the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) at the time the program was completed. The specialty area of the degree must be consistent with the assignment for which the applicant is to be employed. OR
(2) Have a doctoral degree in any area of psychology and, in addition, successfully complete a respecialization program (including documentation of an approved internship completed as part of the respecialization program) meeting both of the following conditions: (a) the respecialization program must be completed in an APA or a CPA accredited doctoral program; and(b) the specialty in which the applicant is retrained must be consistent with the assignment for which the applicant is to be employed. NOTE: The applicant must provide an official transcript and/or certificate documenting the completion of the respecialization program, which includes completion of an APA or CPA internship. OR
(3)Have a doctoral degree awarded between 1951 and 1978 from a regionally-accredited institution, with a dissertation primarily psychological in nature.
Internship: (a) Have successfully completed a professional psychology internship training program that was accredited by APA or CPA at the time the program was completed and that is consistent with the assignment for which the applicant is to be employed. OR
(b) New VHA psychology internship programs that are in the process of applying for APA accreditation are acceptable in fulfillment of the internship requirement, provided that such programs were sanctioned by the VHA Central Office Program Director for Psychology and the VHA Office of Academic Affiliations at the time that the individual was an intern; OR
(c) VHA facilities that offered full-time, one-year pre-doctoral internships prior to PL 96-151 (pre-1979) are considered to be acceptable in fulfillment of the internship requirement; OR
(d) Applicants who completed an internship that was not accredited by APA or CPA at the time the program was completed may be considered eligible for hire only if they are currently board certified by the American Board of Professional Psychology in a specialty area that is consistent with the assignment for which the applicant is to be employed. (NOTE: Once board certified, the employee is required to maintain board certification.) OR
(e)Applicants who have a doctoral degree awarded between 1951 and 1978 from a regionally-accredited institution with a dissertation primarily psychological in nature may fulfill this internship requirement by having the equivalent of a one-year supervised internship experience in a site specifically acceptable to the candidate's doctoral program. If the internship experience is not noted on the applicant's official transcript, the applicant must provide a statement from the doctoral program verifying that the equivalent of a one-year supervised internship experience was completed in a site acceptable to the doctoral program.
Licensure: Hold a full, current, and unrestricted license to practice psychology at the doctoral level in a State, Territory, or Commonwealth of the United States, or the District of Columbia. Exception: Non-licensed applicants who otherwise meet the eligibility requirements may be given a temporary appointment as a "graduate psychologist" at the GS-11 or GS-12 grade under the authority of 38 U.S.C. § 7405 [(c)(2)(B)] for a period not to exceed two years from the date of employment on the condition that such a psychologist provide care only under the supervision of a psychologist who is licensed. Failure to obtain licensure during that period is justification for termination of the temporary appointment. Please indicate clearly on your cv/resume or cover letter what your current licensure status is, and if unlicensed where you are in the process of obtaining your license.(e.g., "Passed EPPP 6/2020, CA state exam scheduled 10/15/21")
English Language Proficiency: Psychologists must be proficient in spoken and written English in accordance with VA Handbook 5005, Part II, Chapter 3, section A, paragraph 3j.
Alisa G. Merriott, Physician/Provider Recruiter: Alisa.Merriott@va.gov
About VA Palo Alto Health Care System
Connections working at VA Palo Alto Health Care System
https://careers.cpapsych.org/jobs/17978012/clinical-psychologist-primary-care-mental-health-integration-program-palo-alto-va-location


text:
pub enum Token {
    UseKeyword,
    LetKeyword,
    ForKeyword,
    InKeyword,
    BindKeyword,
    AsKeyword,
    WhereKeyword,
    ToKeyword,

    QueryKeyword,

    SetKeyword,
    DeleteKeyword,
    UniqueKeyword,
    AndKeyword,

    ComponentKeyword,
    RouteKeyword,
    StoreKeyword,
    ActionKeyword,
    ExternKeyword,
    ModKeyword,
    ApiKeyword,
    ResourceKeyword,
    MethodsKeyword,

    GetKeyword,
    PostKeyword,
    PutKeyword,
    DelKeyword,
    PatchKeyword,

    EventKeyword,
    DispatchKeyword,
    NavigateKeyword,

    StateKeyword,
    ValueKeyword,
    ItemKeyword,

    MapKeyword,
    AutoKeyword,

    HashRocket,
    EqualTo,
    NotEqualTo,
    LessThan,
    GreaterThan,
    LessThanOrEqualTo,
    GreaterThanOrEqualTo,

    Pipe,
    OpenBrace,
    CloseBrace,
    OpenBracket,
    CloseBracket,
    OpenParen,
    CloseParen,
    Dot,
    Comma,
    Equals,
    Colon,
    Semi,
    Bang,
    Plus,
    Minus,
    Mul,
    Div,
    Identifier(String),
    LiteralNumber(i32),
    LiteralString(String),
    LiteralBool(bool),
    VariableReference(String),
}