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Q: Bigquery: Does huge amount of tables in a dataset impact performance? I am currently using big query to store the user information to compute  aggregate results against huge log data . But since modifying the data is not possible.  In order to overcome this I am planning to store each user record in separate table. I understand bigquery supports querying from multiple tables using which i can get all information. My doubt over here are

*
*as the number of users grows will the performance deteriorate as compared to storing all the users in a singe table.
*if there any limitations on number of tables per dataset in biq query

Thanks in advance

A: From what I know  - there is no hard limit on number of tables in dataset.
At the same time  - Native BQ UI has limit of first 10,000 tables in dataset to show.
Another limits to consider (just few to mention):
* Daily update limit: 1,000 updates per table per day;
* Query (including referenced views) can reference up to 1,000 tables and not more;
* Each additional table involved in a query (with hundreds and hundreds tables) makes considerable impact on performance.
* even if each table is small enough  - it still will be charged at min price of 10MB (even if it is just few KB)
Not knowing your exact scenario doesnt allow making some recommendation, but at least you've got answer on those items in your question.
Overall, idea of having table per user doesn't sound good to me

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Rewarding incompetence
At the beginning of the Seven Years' War, the English admiral John Byng was sent to relieve Fort St. Philip on the island of Minorca. Commanding an undermanned fleet, Byng was unable to repulse the French warships besieging the island, and the fort was forced to surrender.
At the beginning of the Seven Years' War, the English admiral John Byng was sent to relieve Fort St. Philip on the island of Minorca. Commanding an undermanned fleet, Byng was unable to repulse the French warships besieging the island, and the fort was forced to surrender.
When he returned to England, Byng was court-martialed, and convicted for having failed "to do his utmost" to secure victory. He was executed by firing squad on the deck of the HMS Monarch, in Portsmouth Harbor. This incident inspired the French writer Voltaire's famously sardonic comment that in England "it is considered a good thing to kill an admiral from time to time, pour encourager les autres" (to encourage the others).
Voltaire's epigram crossed my mind when I heard neoconservative military strategist Frederick Kagan holding forth on National Public Radio, regarding his plan to send a "surge" of new combat troops to Iraq. The word in Washington is that Kagan's plan is much to President Bush's liking, and that the president is inclined to put it into action next month.
Voltaire noted that in 18th century England mistakes made in the heat of battle could result in the most savage punishment. In America today, we are beset by the opposite problem: incompetence so grotesque that it is as a practical matter difficult to distinguish from treason and in fact only increases the power and prestige of those who are guilty of it. And while I wouldn't go so far as to recommend the occasional execution of a neo-conservative strategist, it's worth noting that the chief architects of the Iraq war have suffered no punishment whatsoever for plunging the nation into the biggest foreign policy disaster in our history.
Indeed, far from being subjected to any adverse consequences for sending America on a military adventure that has already cost hundreds of thousands of lives and hundreds of billions of dollars, while accomplishing the remarkable feat of leaving the Iraqi people even worse off than they were under Saddam Hussein, people like Kagan still control our Iraq strategy.
This is an odd state of affairs. It could be compared to empowering the former management of Enron to balance the federal budget, or hiring O.J. Simpson as a marriage counselor. Yet when it comes to Iraq, nothing succeeds like failure. (The honors showered on the likes of Paul Bremer, Paul Wolfowitz, and Donald Rumsfeld would have been considered completely unbelievable if these people had been characters in a satirical novel).
Last month, Republicans suffered a crushing defeat in the midterm elections, largely because of public disgust with the war. Last week, polls revealed that more than seven of 10 Americans disapprove of President Bush's current war strategy, and that only 12 percent of the nation wants to toss more troops into the maw of this ever-expanding fiasco.
To say that something that's supported by 12 percent of the public is a fringe position is an understatement (you could probably get percent of the public to favor an invasion of Jupiter).
None of this seems to make any difference. It doesn't even make any difference that many of the president's own generals are against sending more American troops to Iraq, and would openly oppose any such move if doing so wasn't the equivalent of career suicide.
Of all the tragic aspects of this national disaster, this is worst: The people who have been catastrophically wrong about everything are still in charge. And a year from now, when things are even worse in Iraq, we can be sure the neoconservatives will still be demanding that yet more American soldiers die so that Kagan and his ilk can continue to live out their increasingly destructive geopolitical fantasies.
A few of these people need to begin to pay some price for the damage they're doing — if only "to encourage the others" to stop.
(Paul Campos is a law professor at the University of Colorado and can be reached at Paul.Campos(at)Colorado.edu.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
New Orleans school won't be built atop a toxic dump — for now
A small alumni group from the floundering Walter L. Cohen High School has beaten back a proposal to relocate to a former landfill.
The original Booker T. Washington High School was razed to make way for a new mega-school -- then developers discovered the mess. Anthony Turducken
Brentin Mock
Climate + Cities
Last november, I wrote about the struggles of a small alumni group from the floundering Walter L. Cohen High School in New Orleans, fighting against state plans to fold Cohen into another school, Booker T. Washington High, which was slated to be built on a former landfill.
After a healthy dose of community organizing, and the threat of a lawsuit, the Louisiana state school board decided this week to halt the relocation plans. The future of Cohen is up in the air, as is the fate of the new Washington school. The board will take this back up in November. But for now, Cohen students can rest easy that they won't have to attend classes atop an old garbage dump.
As reported in nola.com:
Also up for a series of fall meetings is Booker T. Washington High, whose site by the former Calliope and B.W. Cooper developments is contaminated by toxic metals. The Recovery system has maintained its remediation plan is adequate and approved by the Department of Environmental Quality. However, alumni and neighbors have been adamant that it is not – going so far as to sue the environment department.
[grist-related tag="polluted-schools" limit="20″]
"Listening to community concerns, (we'll) take this opportunity to pause on this project," [Superintendent Patrick] Dobard said.
"We have urged RSD officials and the LDEQ to ensure that the health of students and neighboring residents, in particular children, is protected from toxic exposures, but they have refused to do so," said the Cohen Alumni Association's president Jim Raby in March, after announcing plans to sue.
The state school board planned to dig up and stockpile contaminated soil and, later, transport it from the property. The lawsuit argued that these activities would cause the soil contaminants to become airborne, exposing people's lungs to toxic dust and small particles.
"By approving the [state school board plan], the [Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality] ignored the legal standard for environmental remediation of a site that is located near infants, children, the elderly, pregnant and nursing mothers, and people with chronic illnesses," said Monique Harden, co-director of Advocates for Environmental Human Rights, which represented the alum association in the lawsuit. "This standard requires vitally important health and safety measures that are missing from the [school board] plan."
Just to recap what was problematic about the proposed new site, here's a passage from my November story:
The site for the new school was once home to a city dump called the Silver City Landfill. In the 1930s, it was cleared out under a Works Progress Administration program, and in 1942, it became the site of the first high school built for African Americans in New Orleans, also named for Booker T. Washington. The school was closed in 2004 due to disrepair, and except for an auditorium and a random stairwell, none of the original school buildings still stand.
Developers discovered toxic earth in the area two years ago while razing nearby public housing projects to make way for a new mixed-income housing development. As Katy Reckdahl reported in the Times-Picayune at the time, the area was "a city dumping area" that contained underground storage tanks before the public housing was built. There was also a municipal incinerator nearby. Today, there are crowds of old and barely operating car repair shops and former industrial warehouses. The heavy car- and truck-trafficked Earhart Blvd runs up it's east side, serving as a divider from old train tracks and rundown brownfields just off the other side of the road.
Just the spot to build a school for poor black kids.
Harden is taking it as a victory, however temporary, saying in an email, "Look at what organized people can change in New Orleans!"
How Pittsburgh found a secret climate weapon in 'the thrilling world of municipal budgeting'
Claire Elise Thompson
A California town's wastewater is helping it battle drought
Naoki Nitta
How to build a better bike-share program
Gabriela Aoun Angueira


Click here to visit the astonishing website!!
So last fall in Pennsylvania I sat in (when I could) on a dark room photography class at Penn State -- which was gorgeous and mysterious and I would like to spend many many many more hours in the future watching images appear magically on paper! -- and during that time one of the TA's for the class, Rob Martin, asked me to partcipate in this self portrait series he was doing for his MFA. His project? Was having people do self portraits but with him standing in for them. So I had to think of how I'd want to present myself, and then present him like that, and then take the pictures with his camera. So I immediately decided he had to wear the things I always wear -- rings and earrings, red lipstick, black eyeliner, mascara, pale powder, glitter... as I go for the earthy, natural look at all times... I also brought gypsy-ish scarves to drape him with -- and that he had to have little baubles around him and a pile of books there, too... my own books and books of fairytales and a book on Joseph Cornell and at least one old-time noir.. And that he definitely had to be holding and playing my accordion. I thought that right away and then I thought well I have ONLY been studying accordion a few months, is that really what my self portrait should be based around? And then I realized YES INDEED as the accordion is like everything I love (not to mention try to do in fiction) all wrapped up together: it's gorgeous and showy and dazzling and beautiful... like what other instrument do people routinely write their names across IN RHINESTONES?.. and it always has mother of pearl and just all kinds of flash and dazzle to it.. but at the same time it's incapable of making a note that's not touched with melancholy and sadness. Even at its most jaunty and vibrant it's got that sadness underneath, and that's what I love most about it. Plus it's so beautiful but so awkward, really, a bit inelegant... but in the most glamorous way.
So anyway. We did this photo session and he set up lights and I got to direct him and adjust the lights and take the photos, and then later he went through them all and picked the best ones and did his magical things... and now months later there's this show in Chelsea that Rob's in and it's one of my self-portraits that's in it.
And I think it's the first image here that's in the show but here are two he sent me, resized.
In a season of reimaginings, Carolyn Turgeon (Rain Village) delivers Godmother: The Cinderella Story (Three Rivers Press). Turgeon's retelling finds Cinderella's fairy godmother banished from her fairy world and working as a bookseller in New York. For her fairy faux pas, she has been pulled away from her life, though if it seems to her that if she can contrive one selfless and beautiful act, all will be forgiven.
Godmother is exquisite: oddly chic, dark, sweet and elegant... and not a zombie in sight. Turgeon has a light but meaty touch. The author has said that after her challenging debut, she was determined to work on something simpler. "I just wanted to work with something wonderful -- a fairytale -- and play," Turgeon has said.
Godmother is a delicious departure.
Cinderella didn't go to the ball, her Fairy Godmother went instead. It was a night of dancing and romance. A night filled with the magic of being in love, with the delight of being human. One night that alters fates course, and at the end when there should have been a "Happily Ever After" there is only regret. Leaving her charge alone and vulnerable, Lil did the unthinkable and fell in love with the Prince. Her actions skew the course of fate and have tragic consequences for all involved.
Three hundred years after being banished from the fairy realm for her failure, Lil meets a girl who amazingly resembles Cinderella. This meeting is the beginning of a string of signs. A book of fairies with a photograph of her fairy sisters proves that fairies are still around. She catches a glimpse of the Prince, her old and eternal love. Then she hears of a modern ball that a lonely, princely man is attending. These signs give her hope, if she can correct her mistake, if she can redeem herself by helping this "Cinderella" find her true love, maybe they'll finally let her come home.
So I have been busy writing and writing and trying to finish this mermaid book up here in the Hudson River Valley, in this old farmhouse with Massie and Marcie. I either go to the local coffee shop to write, sometimes all day, or hang out at the house and write in my room or at this old red metal desk in the basement. And Massie and Marcie both work here and work in the big organic garden and run a CSA and they knit and quilt and sew and cook and bake and do other magical things. I came back the other night and Massie was quilting and Marcie was knitting and they were both in front of the television and Mumu the dog was spread out on the floor and they all looked up at me and I said well hello, old ladies, and it was then decided that I need to take up TATTING which sounds good as it involves something mysterious called a BOBBIN. And then there's a big porch out front that you can sit on and watch swaying trees and rain from, and we all sort of collect there a few times a day. And I like this town, Cornwall-on-Hudson, a lot, and am especially fond of the witch store where I've been taking classes now and then, and this beauty spa where they have hot stone massages for 50 dolla and manicure/pedicures for 35. Plus you can get a chair massage whilst waiting for your nails to dry. I mean really. Porches and massages and witches! I am not quite sure what else a girl needs, at least when in book-finishin mode. And the other night I went to see the most gorgeous bellydancing and drumming performance at a local yoga place/dance studio, and it was sort of sponsored by the witch store I think, and we sat on pillows on a wide-planked wooden foor in a room with slanted ceilings, and outside it was stormy, and inside it was all fairy lights and draped fabrics and lit tea candles scattered across the floor. The three dancers were all in white sparkles and the main one, Elizabeth, pale with long red hair, did a whole dance with a simitar balanced on her head across a Persian carpet while the drummer boy cast a spell on everyone. A few days later at the witch store I found out that the two are madly in love and I said well I would think so. I mean, what a romantical pairing.
And then here is Massie looking devious and Lisa about to purchase blueberries and sugar plums.
The food was delicious--omelets with fresh herbs and cheese, big mixed green salads--but I was most enamored by the lovely jars of iced mint tea with mint leaves sticking out of them, not to mention the fresh squeezed lemonade with lemon slices floating in it.
We also saw Harry Potter and I almost died of boredom, and LIsa and I went and got manicures and massages. We'd made massage appointments together and when they actually led us into the same room we realized they were giving us a COUPLES MASSAGE and we said well ok, I suppose it is a bonding experience.
Oh and Saturday night I drove mahself up to Annandale-on-Hudson to Bard College where the Labyrinth Theater is having its summer workshop intensive and where my brilliant friend David Bar Katz's new play was being workshopped, and it's a closed thing but as I was nearby and had read bits of the draft, etc., he decided I could just come anyway, and it was really very cool... I mean lots of things were cool about it (and the play, The Atmosphere of Memory, might be one of the best things I've seen of his -- so hilarious and smart!!), but after spending weeks and weeks working so intensively on this novel, which could not be a more solitary process, it was so cool to see this new piece of David's come to life right there in front of me with actors and directors and this whole audience of company members--maybe 100 were there?--all so deeply invested in each other's work, watching. And clapping and hooting and just generally being a theater company. And David had written several characters specifically for specific actors, and to see those actors bringing characters so tailor made for them to life was pretty magical, especially seeing the chemistry between David Deblinger and Michael Stuhlberg, both great but very different style theater actors Id seen act in David's stuff before, and then seeing the very astonishing Ellen Burstyn read the main female role. I should also mention I was in a room filled with actors I recognized from my favorite show LAW AND ORDER, and I'm sure many other wondrous things but what can I say I love me some Law and Order (actually David's last play reading had Eric Bogosian in it and I totally appalled David by being impressed by his LAW AND ORDER CI cred rather than all the other great stuff he'd done), which was cool. Oh and Phillip Seymour Hoffman, of course, and I have to say that in person, in that warm, rich, creative environment, that man was much more glowy and handsome than I ever done seen him on film. Another thing I have to say is that by now, having read several of David's plays in draft form before seeing them performed in workshop/reading and then production type scenarios, it is much impressed on me how lines that seem to work on paper or seem to not work on paper... how much of that is in the actor's hands. A few times I've been critical of lines that David then told me would work on stage, mainly because of David Deblinger, and then lo and behold they totally would.
My cousin just sent me this photo of Jonathan Richman with mah book (my cousin gave it to him at a show in Des Moines last month). It's like he can barely stand still, he's so anxious to crack that baby open!
So Godmother is book of the week in the UK's Inside Soap magazine. Can you believe the over the top sluttiness of the following legs-wide-open display?
Please note that the new Harry Potter movie is recommended for two nights earlier (the less cool night).
So I will be at POWELL'S in PORTLAND, the main store on Burnside, on WEDNESDAY, JULY 29, at 7:30pm, so please come! This is my take two at Powell's, since when I was first there, in January 2007, to read from RAIN VILLAGE, it snowed like one inch and the whole city shut down and my reading was rooodly cancelled and my heart broke into 50000000 snowflake shaped pieces.
I have many other fascinating things to report, as there have been GLORIOUS ART SHOWS and ROMANTIC RENDEVOOOUS and EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS and BOOKS COMING OUT IN THE UK and DEATHLY SUNBURNS ON ANCIENT BATTLEFIELDS taking place since I last wrote here, but I am too busy trying to finish books about mermaids by the end of the month as well as prepare for FAERIEWOLRDS, where I shall share a booth with LANA GUERRA and JESSE RENO and have just learned that amongst Lana, Jesse, my friend Barb and yours truly, not a one of us knows anything about putting up tents or camping. I have ordered a big white festival tent for this event--which I did not realize I had to do initially; I thought that when I rented a booth I was renting a BOOTH--in which we shall display my books and Lana and Jesse's many wondrous things, and now I fear that if we succeed in hoisting up this tent at all it will soon thereafter blow softly away into the wind as we all stand there and cry.
Now to take the sting of that very devastating image away, I leave you with this photo of my best friend AOIFE showing Marcie's Boo Radley tree -- one of the wonders at the art show Compass up here at the Grail in Cornwall -- to her bear. I mean really.
Please note the exceptionally fabulous boots I bought her, which light up when she walks.
This is my blog. It contains many exciting and unusual musings on the mysteries of the universe. And the galaxy at large.
Ancient Archival Treasures... Click below to read previous astonishing blog posts!


text:
"""Define names for all type symbols known in the standard interpreter.

Types that are part of optional modules (e.g. array) are not listed.
"""
import sys

# Iterators in Python aren't a matter of type but of protocol.  A large
# and changing number of builtin types implement *some* flavor of
# iterator.  Don't check the type!  Use hasattr to check for both
# "__iter__" and "next" attributes instead.

NoneType = type(None)
TypeType = type
ObjectType = object

IntType = int
LongType = long
FloatType = float
BooleanType = bool
try:
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except NameError:
    pass

StringType = str

# StringTypes is already outdated.  Instead of writing "type(x) in
# types.StringTypes", you should use "isinstance(x, basestring)".  But
# we keep around for compatibility with Python 2.2.
try:
    UnicodeType = unicode
    StringTypes = (StringType, UnicodeType)
except NameError:
    StringTypes = (StringType,)

BufferType = buffer

TupleType = tuple
ListType = list
DictType = DictionaryType = dict

def _f(): pass
FunctionType = type(_f)
LambdaType = type(lambda: None)         # Same as FunctionType
try:
    CodeType = type(_f.func_code)
except RuntimeError:
    # Execution in restricted environment
    pass

def g():
    yield 1
GeneratorType = type(g())
del g

class _C:
    def _m(self): pass
ClassType = type(_C)
UnboundMethodType = type(_C._m)         # Same as MethodType
_x = _C()
InstanceType = type(_x)
MethodType = type(_x._m)

BuiltinFunctionType = type(len)
BuiltinMethodType = type([].append)     # Same as BuiltinFunctionType

ModuleType = type(sys)
FileType = file
XRangeType = xrange

try:
    raise TypeError
except TypeError:
    try:
        tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
        TracebackType = type(tb)
        FrameType = type(tb.tb_frame)
    except AttributeError:
        # In the restricted environment, exc_info returns (None, None,
        # None) Then, tb.tb_frame gives an attribute error
        pass
    tb = None; del tb

SliceType = slice
EllipsisType = type(Ellipsis)

DictProxyType = type(TypeType.__dict__)
NotImplementedType = type(NotImplemented)

del sys, _f, _C, _x                  # Not for export

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text:
Home > U.S. News
Vice President Mike Pence to Attend AIPAC's Annual Conference in March
It remains unclear if Donald Trump will attend the D.C. conference. Last year, the then-presidential candidate addressed the convention, where his harsh attack on Obama led AIPAC to publicly apologize for his speech.
Amir Tibon
Send me email alerts for new articles by Amir Tibon
U.S. Vice President Mike Pence walks with members of his delegation ahead at the Munich Security Conference, February 18, 2017. MICHAEL DALDER/REUTERS
Influential pro-Israel lobby AIPAC announced over the weekend that U.S. Vice President Mike Pence will attend its annual policy conference, which is to be held in Washington during the last week of March. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is also expected to attend, but it's not yet clear if U.S. President Donald Trump will address the conference as well.
The evangelical money that brought Vice President-elect Mike Pence to Israel
Where does Donald Trump stand on Israel?
Trump is talking like a tin-pot dictator, pleasing Netanyahu and other die-hard fans
The last time AIPAC's conference included a speech by the president of the United States was in 2012, when Barack Obama appeared before the conference in the midst of his re-election year. Obama also spoke before the annual conference in 2011. Ever since 2013, however, the Obama administration had sent other senior representatives to the conference, including former Vice President Joe Biden, who gave a keynote speech at last year's conference, and former Secretary of State John Kerry, who spoke at the conference in 2014.
Trump appeared at the AIPAC conference last year, during the Republican primaries, and used the stage to harshly attack Obama, calling him "the worst thing to ever happen to Israel" and accusing him of "treating Israel very, very badly."
Trump's direct attack on Obama was unusual for AIPAC, an organization that tries to use its annual conference to highlight the bipartisan nature of support for Israel among the American public. That goal was especially important for AIPAC following the contentious fight over Obama's nuclear deal with Iran, which created a rift between Israel and large parts of the Democratic Party.
The thousands-strong crowd at the conference seemed to enjoy Trump's statements, which received loud cheers from those in attendance, but the senior leadership of AIPAC took an unusual step by publicly apologizing for the speech. "While we may have policy differences, we deeply respect the office of the president of the United States and our president, Barack Obama," the organization said. "There are people in our AIPAC family who were deeply hurt last night, and for that, we are deeply sorry." Right-wing organizations and media outlets supportive of Trump criticized AIPAC for denouncing him.
Last week, during his meeting with Netanyahu, Trump said that he was open to discussing a "one-state solution" to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, if both sides could accept it. This position puts Trump at odds with AIPAC on another front, since the powerful pro-Israel lobby's official position is to support a two-state solution to the conflict. AIPAC recently pushed for a number of pro-Israel resolutions in Congress that included language in support of a two-state solution.
People involved in the Trump campaign, however, were involved in a successful effort last summer to erase any mention of a two-state solution from the platform of the Republican Party – an idea which AIPAC fought against when it first came up in 2012.
Recent history would suggest that AIPAC might settle for the administration's most senior representative at the conference this year being Pence, who has a strong pro-Israel record, yet isn't as controversial or unexpected as Trump. While an appearance by the president is always a proof to the lobby's power and influence, in the case of Trump, it could also be a recipe for controversy and divisiveness, which don't necessarily serve AIPAC's goal of preserving bipartisan support of Israel and reaching out to progressives, millenials and other populations that are a cause for concern within the pro-Israel community.
Unlike Trump, with regards to Netanyahu, the picture seems clearer, and he is expected to attend the conference this year. Last year, Netanyahu turned down an invitation to travel to Washington, and instead sent a recorded speech from his office in Jerusalem.


text:
Could a human teacher enjoy teaching a neural network?
gbagcn2
Joined: Sat Dec 27, 2008 10:36 pm UTC
Postby gbagcn2 » Fri Jul 30, 2010 12:33 am UTC
How complicated would a neural network have to be for a teacher to enjoy teaching it? It would probably have to be capable of things like asking questions and making mistakes but I don't think it would need full natural language understanding. Maybe it could happen over a decade before a computer passes the Turing test.
letterX
Re: Could a human teacher enjoy teaching a neural network?
Postby letterX » Fri Jul 30, 2010 2:26 am UTC
I think the two threads you have open suggest that you don't really understand what a neural network is. They are not a magic box for pretending to be humans. They are an algorithm, just like any other, where bits go in and different bits go out. They may have some nice properties like being able to compute non-linear functions, but they don't automatically behave like brains just because they are modeled on neurons. So, the answer to your question is: incredibly complicated. And probably neural networks are not going to end up being the basis for the first sentient computers anyways (though this is pure conjecture, as true AI is a long ways off).
Where are you in your education? If you are at college and interested in these things, you should take a course in AI or machine learning. Even though neural networks aren't magic, the real subject is still really interesting.
kmatzen
Postby kmatzen » Fri Jul 30, 2010 2:31 am UTC
I hope you realize that neural nets like Lieutenant Commander Data's brain don't really act like real neural nets. Your questions seem to indicate that you think this is what neural nets do.
Postby gbagcn2 » Fri Jul 30, 2010 8:04 pm UTC
I prefer to learn things like this on my own so I have mainly been learning about them through the internet. Why do you believe neural networks won't be the basis for sentient computers?
squareroot
Contact squareroot
Postby squareroot » Sat Aug 07, 2010 7:40 am UTC
I like to think of neural networks like this - a neural network will take some input - say, a sound, an image, or a chunk of text - and you train it by telling it what output you want for each input; for instance, I would record myself saying "west" ten times, and tell the network to return the letters w-e-st. And then I might record myself saying "win", "test", "tune", "tin", "rest", "rune", "run", "nun", "nest", "tint", and "tent", and tell it how to spell each of those words.
Now, the way neural networks are built, they have neurons that look at specific parts of the input, and when you train the network, you're actually adjusting how neurons react to certain inputs. For instance, one neuron might "fire" and produce a signal (which gets passed to another neuron) if it recognizes a "ing" sound. But I would want it to recognize a "inge" sound, like binge. So the training would adjust the neuron so that it pays more attention to the part of the input near the nj sound, and less attention to the ng sound. Then, a nj sound would be more likely to cause it to fire than a ng sound. A ng sound might still contribute somewhat to making the neuron fire, because it possible there was bad sound quality. But a nj sound should be more important, and so the training changes the neuron's function so that it is more important.
So, the network learns one thing: if there's a "nj" sound, this one particular neuron should really pay attention to that, and should have a high likelihood of firing. What the neuron firing will do, that doesn't matter; but the training has showed through some techniques that are programmed into whatever software you're using that this neuron firing under those circumstances is good. Maybe that neuron firing ends up printing "inge" or "inj" somehow, which would be good. It's what we've trained it to do.
In regard to your original question, I can imagine a human teacher might get some pleasure out of teaching a neural network. In particular, if there were ten or twelve people teaching it at once, then progress would be more rapid and they might be happier to see it progressing as quickly as it does. I can imagine it wouldn't be extremely difficult to build a NN that could eventually learn to evaluate complex expressions, given lots of training - like sqrt(3)*sqrt(3+9)-1. But even then, dealing with place value would be difficult, and creating a suitable NN would require a lot of careful thought and prior knowledge on the programmers part on what types of syntax to deal with.
If a NN were to be used as the base for a computer, it would mean hundreds - if not thousands - of hours teaching your computer how to "compute". Sure, people might eventually program some knowledge in for it, and as people used these computers, they could update each other... but this could lead to unpredictable results. Suppose you tell your computer to save a file, and it tries to close a program. You get the little pop-up for whether or not to save. You say, "No, keep it open!" and all it recognizes is the "No", it might compute "'No' matches 'No, don't save'... okay, quit program.".
Even worse, in a distributed learning scenario, suppose a group of terrorists teach their computers to send out spam e-mail whenever they, say, mouse over the start button. If other peoples' computers learned that do, it would be terrible.
Of course, all the above situations won't even be really possible for a good long time. It would be ridiculous to make a computer that operates on a open, unpredictable system. And all this was written between midnight and 1 A.M., so don't trust me completely.
<signature content="" style="tag:html;" overused meta />
Good fucking job Will Yu, you found me - __ -
gorcee
Postby gorcee » Tue Aug 10, 2010 7:20 pm UTC
The basic concept of a neural network is this: an NN has an input layer, one or more hidden layers, and an output layer. The input layer takes a bunch of things as inputs. Because we program them on computers, these things are numbers. Sometimes those numbers have been derived from images, or sound, or data, or whatnot, but typically speaking, they're numbers.
Each input node passes its number to one or more nodes in subsequent layers. At these nodes, some mathematical operation is done, and a new number is produced. This goes on until you get to the output layer. The output is some number, typically one that represents some probability, but not necessarily. In the end, that's all a NN is.
Teaching an NN is basically training the network on known values, and running some algorithm to compute the weights at each node. For a polynomial NN, this would just be computing the coefficients that multiply the various values being fed into each node. These weights are optimized so that the error at the output nodes, trained against known data, is minimized.
So, could a human teacher enjoy that? I enjoy programming NNs for classification applications, and I have taught students before, so the answer is yes. But I suspect that if a teacher had no penchant for programming, nor a desire to study mathematics, then they would not enjoy it at all.
RabbitWho
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Postby RabbitWho » Wed Aug 11, 2010 12:45 am UTC
I remember being terribly disappointed that no matter how much I spoke Irish to my Furby, Meega, and kept him away from any other language interference he always ended up speaking English.
I feel like Ralph Wiggam right now.
tuseroni
Joined: Fri Jun 25, 2010 10:41 pm UTC
Postby tuseroni » Wed Aug 11, 2010 2:48 am UTC
ive seen good things from evolved neural networks. polyworld for instance uses a bunch of evolved neural networks, part of the fitness function was using the least amount of neurons (well, thats not quite true...neurons had a cost, they needed so much energy. the fitness function was more lineant. food showed up and the creatures went for it. fitness was determined by not dying, a good metre.)
the problem we have is we want to skip 4 billion years of evolution and go straight from scratch to human. if you did nothing else than get them to basic animal, i think we could take over from there.
of course anything GA is REALLY complicated involving a lot of things we dont understand. things you look at and say "why is that there?" "dont know but if you take it out the damn thing stops working" "but its not connected to anything" *shrugs* they lack the simplistic elegance that we as programmers like. things made by a GA are all ad-hoc and confusing...
but i do agree that the OP seems to be saying "neural network=AI" and its not. there are lots of other ways. but i for one still like the neural network.
EduardoLeon
Joined: Wed Sep 30, 2009 2:26 am UTC
Location: Lima, Perú
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Postby EduardoLeon » Thu Aug 19, 2010 3:55 am UTC
gbagcn2 wrote: How complicated would a neural network have to be for a teacher to enjoy teaching it?
That depends on the personal preferences of the human teacher. I tend to like crude machines more than I like my fellow humans (the cruder, the better), so a conceptually very simple neural network that can demonstrably (or experimentally) learn a varied enough set of (sorry!) mathematical functions would be more than good enough for me. Somebody expecting more human-like interaction has to wait until we have human-nervous-system-like networks, and the software to run it. If human engineering more often than not fails to build reliable software for our (relatively) simple businesses, do not expect too much from our ability to replicate millions of years worth of perfect non-stop work.
gbagcn2 wrote: It would probably have to be capable of things like asking questions and making mistakes but I don't think it would need full natural language understanding.
Well, here is the list of things about ourselves that we would have to replicate in order to build a computer that "behaves" like us:
- Either data about how we interact (at least, build sentences in human languages), or the means to collect that data (a highly parallel circuit testing our input against any "reasonable" grammar; and human language grammars are not know for being "computationally reasonable", so the circuits will be fairly complex).
- Either data about the things we know about our world (people, houses, food, cars, whatever), or the means to collect that data (good luck replicating human senses; we have enough problems with drivers for printing devices and webcams).
- Either data about the things it should be interested in learning (that depends on what the human trainer wants to teach it), or the means to collect that data (from the human trainer).
- The hardware and software to make all of this work. Reliably. Also, efficiently, because we do not want to run out of energy to continue living and functioning as a civilization, just to run a pet project for making a human-like machine.
Also, at some point, your human-like machine or neural network must have some things hardwired (which things?), because we cannot build something with an infinitely deep abstraction layer. And, from the experiment of designing and implementing systems based on or related to computation (one comes to my mind in particular: the C++ language and compilers), we should have learnt that, the more abstraction layers, the more "clever" we try to be, the more "meta" we go, the worst for our chances of success.
gbagcn2 wrote: Maybe it could happen over a decade before a computer passes the Turing test.
Nature built us in a process took millions of years, by building prototypes and killing those that were not fit. Do you expect to replicate all that work in ten or twenty years?
Gott weiß ich will kein Engel sein!
Postby Xanthir » Thu Aug 19, 2010 7:09 am UTC
EduardoLeon wrote: Nature built us in a process took millions of years, by building prototypes and killing those that were not fit. Do you expect to replicate all that work in ten or twenty years?
...yes?
Okay, good luck building such a system.
Oh, and, after you are done building it, proving it correct, testing it, debugging it, documenting it... Good luck running it. I mean it, really.
And good luck paying the electricity (or whatever form of energy we might be using by then) bill.
Postby gorcee » Thu Aug 19, 2010 5:05 pm UTC
EduardoLeon wrote:
Killing a proto-elephant requires 2 years of gestation plus several years of maturing and fitness evaluation.
Killing a particular neural network parameter configuration takes between 0.01 and say, 20 seconds of Levenberg-Marquardt optimization and then about .0005 seconds of data evaluation.
There's kind of a big difference.
Postby tuseroni » Fri Aug 20, 2010 3:16 am UTC
yeah evolution doesnt take time, it takes generations. how long a generation lasts dictates the rate of evolution (evolution actually selects for dying soon after reproduction. old age is not beneficial because it slows the rate of evolution and in turn adaptability of an organism to dramatic change) so if a generation can be less than a second, you get a million generations in 1m*(<1) seconds (for 1 it would be 1 million seconds or ~11 days, for 500 milliseconds (more realistic even for a slow computer) 5 days. for 1 millisecond (possible for faster computers) about 2 seconds...)
evolution is MUCH faster in computers
Postby EduardoLeon » Fri Aug 20, 2010 4:27 am UTC
gorcee wrote: Killing a particular neural network parameter configuration takes between 0.01 and say, 20 seconds of Levenberg-Marquardt optimization and then about .0005 seconds of data evaluation.
You must take into consideration the fact there is a huge complexity gap between artificial neural networks and nervous systems:
Artificial neural networks are programmed to propagate signals in an orderly fashion, something that is ultimately enabled by the fact they are run in computers that have processor clocks. Nervous systems have no similar devices regulating the speed at which individual signals are sent. Thus, complexity arises not only from the signals themselves, but also from the order in which individual signals are sent.
Artificial neural networks propagate digital signals in precise, predefined formats that do not allow infinite possible signals. This has the effect of limiting the amount of states any network might be in. I confess my ignorance on the details of how nervous systems work, but, if they are chaotic systems (in the mathematical sense, which seems plausible), and they allow a continuum of possible signals (which seems plausible as well), then complexity will arise in their behavior in ways that will not arise in artificial neural networks.
tuseroni wrote: evolution is MUCH faster in computers
Training artificial neural networks hardly qualifies as "evolving" them. The way neural networks "behave" is fundamentally the same after we train them. The only thing that changes is the set of numerical parameters that regulate the inner workings of each neuron.
To say an artificial neural network can actually evolve, it must be programmed to...
Change its own "size," by creating and eliminating neurons as needed.
Change its own "layout," by creating and eliminating connections between neurons as needed.
Change its own "essence," by changing the way each individual neuron works. This one might require using some ideas from genetic algorithms; but this time, what we need to mutate is not a bit pattern, but an algorithm itself.
Postby squareroot » Fri Aug 20, 2010 5:08 am UTC
I give you the NEAT algorithm - and it's many variants.
It does everything you just listed. Well, it can form new connections and add new neurons. And you don't really need to remove connections or neurons, you just set their weights to zero (but Progressive Pruning does actually remove some). And when you say "change its essence", I think that's pretty similar to giving each a neuron a set of functions (Gaussian, Sigmoid, Periodic) whose weights it could change too. CPPN and HyperNEAR, for instance, do something like that.
squareroot wrote: I give you the NEAT algorithm - and it's many variants.
Wow, pretty awesome. Can I adjust the order in which signals are sent, based on the parameters of each connection between neurons? If it can do that, I am downloading it right now.
Postby Xanthir » Fri Aug 20, 2010 1:32 pm UTC
Dude, you're wrong on so many levels here.
So, first, evolution depends on generations, not years, as noted by a previous poster. We can run a generation *many* orders of magnitude faster than nature can. (Assuming base-10 magnitudes, 7-10 orders on current consumer hardware.)
Second, natural evolution wasn't aiming at intelligence. It spent ridiculous amounts of time fapping around with basic morphology before our proto-ancestors arose a few tens of millions of years ago. We'll be starting with a working model of neuronal structures, and using at least partially-artificial selection to push the process in directions we want.
Third, I know you struck it out, but proving it correct? Really? This is a brain we're talking about.
Postby EduardoLeon » Fri Aug 20, 2010 7:40 pm UTC
Xanthir wrote: Dude, you're wrong on so many levels here.
Generations of potential human language parsers / real world semantics interpreters?
Xanthir wrote: Second, natural evolution wasn't aiming at intelligence. It spent ridiculous amounts of time fapping around with basic morphology before our proto-ancestors arose a few tens of millions of years ago.
Okay. (I really mean it.)
Xanthir wrote: We'll be starting with a working model of neuronal structures, and using at least partially-artificial selection to push the process in directions we want.
Yeah, but what guarantee do you have that artificial selection will not discard, say, 99% of the prototypes generated? 99.9% of the prototypes generated? 99.99999999% of the prototypes generated? One if the lessons learnt from genetic algorithms is that good fitness functions do not make up for bad mutation functions. How long will it take until we get a human language parser / real world semantics interpreter out of a model designed to perform glorified regressions?
Xanthir wrote: Third, I know you struck it out, but proving it correct? Really? This is a brain we're talking about.
Okay. (More like, well, whatever.)
quintopia
Joined: Fri Nov 17, 2006 2:53 am UTC
Postby quintopia » Fri Aug 27, 2010 4:17 am UTC
a lot has been said in this thread, some of it approaching an answer to the OP's question and some of it wrong AND irrelevant, but I'm not going to say anything about either. Instead, I'm just going to suggest some reading to the OP who seems so eager to teach himself about AI.
1) The Engine of Reason, The Seat of the Soul by Paul Churchland
This book gives a lot of very compelling evidence toward the idea that a sufficiently complex recurrent neural network is sufficient to generate the systems of interaction and symbol manipulation that we term "consciousness" and "intelligence." Also, it comes with a stereoscope and lots of 3D pictures!
2) Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid by Douglas Hofstadter
This book, among many other things, aims to show how a simple, mechanical formal system, like a network of fully deterministic neurons, can create emergent "informal" behavior, such as what we recognize as peculiarly human forms of intelligence: creativity, intuition, appreciation of beauty.
3) Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things by George Lakoff
Lakoff is a cognitive linguist, and this book practically defines what it means to be such: As a cognitivist, he examines the higher-level functioning of the brain, at the level of symbols/concepts and their organization, uninterested in how that organizational system is implemented in the brain. Yet, as a linguist, he does by analyzing and experimenting with human use of language. Despite the fact that he never speaks of neural networks, after reading the previous two books, it should be somewhat more evident how the metaphorically-connected semantic networks he describes could be implemented by such a neural substrate. And since human language is all tied up in the human condition (which Lakoff also demonstrates in this book), each being reflections of the other in the brain*, the ability to build a language knowledge engine on a neural network implies the ability to create abstract "intelligence" in the same network. Warning: This is a very long read, and requires a lot of focus, but I found almost every moment of it completely fascinating.
So my answer to the OP is this: read the above and the answer to your question will be more crystal clear than anything someone in this thread could speak of. Disclaimer: I am not responsible for any errors the above reading list may create in one's worldview. All theories about the actual functioning of the human brain and the nature of human intelligence are only that: unproven (yet uncontradicted) theories.
*Lakoff shows how language reflects the worldview of a human observer perceiving the world from a human perspective. The reverse reflection is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which Lakoff does not argue for or against to my recollection.
Joined: Tue Mar 27, 2007 5:08 am UTC
Postby Solt » Sat Aug 28, 2010 5:43 am UTC
Xanthir wrote: Second, natural evolution wasn't aiming at intelligence. It spent ridiculous amounts of time fapping around with basic morphology before our proto-ancestors arose a few tens of millions of years ago. We'll be starting with a working model of neuronal structures, and using at least partially-artificial selection to push the process in directions we want.
Yea, not to mention the time spent on biochemistry. I mean it had to evolve an immune system, how long does something like that take? We won't have to spent millenia twerking fur color or lose thousands of generations to disease or predators or extinction events. We'll include enough of a challenge to allow the networks to evolve new behavior but not as much out-of-their-control stuff as actually happened, which had almost no influence on their real neural networks. We won't even need to evolve all the brain functions, such as heart beat regulation or mental degeneration or recovery from traumatic injury.
EduardoLeon wrote: Artificial neural networks are programmed to propagate signals in an orderly fashion, something that is ultimately enabled by the fact they are run in computers that have processor clocks. Nervous systems have no similar devices regulating the speed at which individual signals are sent. Thus, complexity arises not only from the signals themselves, but also from the order in which individual signals are sent.
Actually brains do have such a regulation system- the length of the neuron itself. I don't know if our math can handle sorting out its influence, but it's totally doable in terms of simulation.
I believe the propagation time of neurons is on the order of milliseconds while a theoretical super-duper computer will be on the order of picoseconds.
EduardoLeon wrote: Artificial neural networks propagate digital signals in precise, predefined formats that do not allow infinite possible signals. This has the effect of limiting the amount of states any network might be in. I confess my ignorance on the details of how nervous systems work, but, if they are chaotic systems (in the mathematical sense, which seems plausible), and they allow a continuum of possible signals (which seems plausible as well), then complexity will arise in their behavior in ways that will not arise in artificial neural networks.
Can't we represent an analog signal to an arbitrary precision digitally by having an arbitrary long number to represent it? Besides, I don't think real neural networks work like that. Their strength comes from an extremely complex series of very simple operations- that is to say, each neuron does little more than modify the strength of the signal it receives and then distributes it. Modifying the network consists of nothing more than maintaining/creating/destroying these propagation paths. That alone is enough to create very complex emergent behavior from a structure as physically complex as the brain.
One place where this approach will lose out though is in energy. The brain requires 20 watts. We'll require a dedicated power plant to power an artificial one. Then of course there are the still unknown functions of the brain that may regulate it in ways we don't even know about yet. Do we even know how architectural organization is imposed onto the brain?
"Welding was faster, cheaper and, in theory,
produced a more reliable product. But sailors do
not float on theory, and the welded tankers had a
most annoying habit of splitting in two."
-J.W. Morris
VDOgamez
Postby VDOgamez » Wed Sep 01, 2010 5:50 pm UTC
I'd just like to say that I love teaching neural networks. Especially when they're ones that I'm implementing. But I'm kind of weird like that.


text:
Darijo Srna: I want to win the league title more than ever
Shakhtar skipper reflects on signing a new contract and a present for the birthday
- Darijo, first, we wish you a happy birthday! How long have you negotiated a new contract?
- Thank you for the congratulations. Firstly, I am very happy. As for negotiations, as such they had not been. I want to finish my career at Shakhtar. And when the president told me that he offered me a new contract, I only thanked him in respond! I agreed to any terms. You probably know about the story with Barcelona, however, as I said, my heart is here. I'm happy at Shakhtar. After 14-year spell with them, you do not consider yourself a part of the club - you become a member of the family. And at such a difficult time, it's hard just to give up everything. Therefore, I made my decision very quickly. When I talked to the president, I told him that I was glad to sign a new contract, and I am glad that he believes in the team and me. Therefore, I feel a great responsibility to the president, the club and the fans. I am going to give my all to the fullest.
- You agreed to sign a contract without discussing it. So that means that you trust the club and the president so much?
- I fully trust the club, and they trust me. I am glad that I moved to Shakhtar 14 years ago, and everything that I dreamed of as a child came true here. I won the European Cup, participated in the Champions League, played for my country's national team, came onto the pitch of the magnificent Donbas Arena, worked with so many coaches and players. However, none of this ever happened without one person, which is our president, to whom I am very grateful for everything he had done for the club and for me. I am grateful for that he did not lose his heart in such a difficult period. He really loves football, loves his team and constantly thinks about them. I talk regularly with the president, which is very worried about Shakhtar. He gave particularly emotional reaction to the victory over Dynamo. The president has not come to the stadium for three years, and the only thing that pleases him now is the Pitmen's beautiful performance and trophies. On Saturday, we will hold the match, which we have been waiting for three years. It will be an extremely tough and insanely crucial clash. To win the title playing outside your home stadium all the time is worth its weight in gold. Bringing the Champions League competition as close as possible to Donetsk is a kind of satisfaction for us. We believed and believe that someday we will return to our home city and play at the Donbas Arena again.
- Remembering the situation with Barcelona, you wrote in Instagram: I listened to my heart. Do you think that you made the right choice?
- One hundred percent. I told the president that I would be happier to claim the domestic league title with Shakhtar than the Champions League with Barcelona. He answered me that everything was clear then. Few people put in his shoes would have acted like him. And I just could not forgive myself if I had left. However, this is ancient history. We became champions in 2014 last time, so this Premier League is very important for us, and the club may secure the tenth title. I want to win it more than ever and devote it to all Shakhtar fans, as well as the club's president, as they deserve it most of all.
- How long, do you feel, are you ready to play at a high level?
- I do not know. If we do not take into account my age, then I feel good. However, I love and respect Shakhtar so much that I will not play at all cost. As soon as I realise that I'm tired and stop feeling comfortable, I'm not going to cheat anyone, I will not try to play as many matches as possible, just to set up new records. I have to be a professional and say one day: Dario, you no longer fit Shakhtar. So far, everything is all right. As never before, I want to become a champion, to win the trophy for the club for the tenth time. It will be also pleasant to hear the Champions League anthem in Kharkiv, which is not so far from Donetsk. And, of course, everyone and I have one dream, one hope, which is coming back to the Donbas Arena.
- You have been 14 years with the Pitmen to set up a record in a total number of apps made and trophies won. Where do you get motivation every day?
- My motivation is inside, in my heart. I am an emotional person and used always to take maximum from life. I went through the war, and I know what it is. In such a difficult time, you need to play not for yourself, but for Shakhtar fans. There are a lot of them, and they are everywhere: in Kyiv, Kharkiv, Zaporizhia, abroad. And they all love and worry about the team, as before. Therefore, this season's title is of great importance. I'm not satisfied with our performance vs Oleksandriia, turning out to be one of the worst ... But we claimed a victory and we'll learn a lesson from this match. Shakhtar are eager not only to win, but also to demonstrate high-quality football. Yesterday, we failed to display it and are dissatisfied with this. It's good that we won, but we are not happy with the fashion we played.
- What gift would you like to receive for the 35th birthday?
- Gold medal. For me, it will be the best gift, as an indication of how you have worked the whole year round. I want my family to be healthy, happy and smiling with me. I wish peace came in Ukraine, in Donbas, in Donetsk. It will come, you just have to believe in this.


The CZ Scorpion falls short in a lot of areas but its reliability has pretty good track record. This opens up the "windows of opportunity" for a lot of manufactures to make some great aftermarket parts. I have changed so much on this gun and I am pretty pleased with the final setup. If you have any thoughts on the CZ Scorpion let me know in the comments.


Blog Episode 9 Property Investing With Australia's No.1 – Banks Are….
This week on Property Investing With Australia's No.1, Karen, Roxy and I want to help you save thousands of dollars.
At a recent workshop we helped our members save a total of $205,000 in loan repayments, with something as simple as switching banks!
Banks like the big four are costing their customers millions each year by not passing on cuts and continuing to increase interest rates. The banks' profits are coming out of your pockets. Other things such as principle interest, are only costing you more money.
Here at Property Club our experts will find ways for you to save money that you didn't even know were there. We will negotiate on your behalf with smaller banks, to get you the best possible deal. And we do all of this for free! We had one couple who saved a huge $18,000 a year with Property Clubs' help.


How different nose masculine ideal woman?
Blog » How is the ideal male nose different from the ideal female nose?
How is the ideal male nose different from the ideal female nose?
Every ideal nose is intended to fit the individual face. Generally however a female nose is thinner, smaller and more rotated the a male nose.


Scout Leaders and Parents have you ever wonder how to add more pizazz to your Scout meeting, how knowing the right knot could save your life, or where the cool outings are in Southern California. We'll wonder no longer.
Early Payment Discount: Before 11/26/2012 a discount of $10.00 will apply to all Adult Registration Registrants.
Before 11/26/2012 a discount of $10.00 will apply to all Youth Registration Registrants.


This holiday season, Daily Mom is stepping up our giving game by hosting our 60 Days of Giving event page. From October 20th to December 19th, Daily Mom will be giving away a different prize to our amazing readers to say thanks for being you! Read below to see what we are giving away today and how you can enter.
Today's prize in our 60 Days of Giving giveaway is Augie, a coding robot, from Pai Technology. Pai Technology strives to create family-friendly educational products that go beyond traditional toys. They pair children's growth through all stages of technology, science, and art to strengthen imagination, problem solving, critical thinking, and healthy lifestyles. Their innovative products will not only expand your child's mind and development further than any other traditional toys, but they are also creative, safe, and fun.
Augie, a coding robot is one of Pai Technology's amazing tech-toys. Augie will introduce your child into coding language with his augmented reality technology. Augie sparks imaginative and creative play that helps expand a child's critical thinking and problem solving skills, as well as hand-eye coordination and logic. Play patterns that leverage artificial intelligence and robotic technology will provide critical thinking problems for your child to solve- all while having fun! Augie comes with a free app that offers coding tutorials so even if you aren't familiar with coding, Augie can help you get there.
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text:
New Law Will Improve Government Transparency
Workshop Discussion Focuses on Safe Reopening of Pennsylvania Schools
Summary of 2019-20 Legislative Session Highlights Senate Action to Address COVID-19
Temporary Measures Announced for PLCB Licensees
Warning: Unordered Seeds from Overseas are a Scam
Communication and clarity are critical during an emergency, and the public should have confidence in how elected leaders manage difficult situations. A new law will ensure state government is transparent during emergencies and ensure that disaster declarations do not stand in the way of public access to information.
The new law prohibits any governor from directing a state agency to ignore records requests during an emergency declaration and requires the Office of Open Records to create guidelines to ensure state agencies can continue to respond to records requests while physical offices remained closed. All normal protections and exclusions to the Right to Know law would remain in place; the new law only ensures that an emergency declaration isn't used as an excuse to delay or ignore records requests.
Governor Wolf initially vowed to veto this good-government reform, but after enormous pressure from lawmakers, editorial boards and the public, he instead backed down and allowed it to be enacted into law without his signature.
According to guidance issued by the Department of Health and the Department of Education earlier this month, each school entity will decide whether classes will resume through in-person instruction, remote learning, or a combination of both in the fall. A workshop discussion of the Senate Majority Policy Committee this week highlighted the challenges of reopening our schools during COVID-19 and keeping students and teachers safe and healthy.
The discussion included testimony from school superintendents, school boards, healthcare experts, parents and other education advocates. One of the main topics of discussion was the need for additional guidance from the Wolf Administration in order to safely reopen school buildings and develop strategies to meet the educational needs of students.
Participants also discussed the resources available to schools during the pandemic. Lawmakers have dedicated a combined total of more than $200 million for school entities to address health and safety needs related to COVID-19 this year, including grants to be divided up among every school district that applies for funding to navigate the challenges posed by the coronavirus.
Like the lives of all Pennsylvanians, the work of the Senate was upended by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in the months since the virus first came to our commonwealth, the Senate has approved nearly two dozen bills to bolster the state's response to the pandemic.
A new summary of bills and laws approved during the 2019-20 Legislative Session highlights the steps the Senate has taken to address COVID-19 while working to prevent government overreach during this crisis.
The summary also includes measures the Senate passed to reform state government, protect crime victims, improve public safety, bolster education, create jobs, assist farmers, strengthen health care, address the opioid crisis and support our veterans and first responders.
Many businesses that hold licenses from the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board (PLCB) are dealing with severe restrictions and closures mandated by the Wolf Administration. PLCB recently announced several changes to license renewal fee and license safekeeping requirements during the pandemic.
Some of the highlights include implementation of a bill the Senate approved in May to waive the annual $700 surcharge for volunteer fire companies and veterans organizations, as well as waiving late fees for license renewal or validation applications through Sept. 30, 2020.
Consumers nationwide have been receiving seeds they did not order from overseas labeled as jewelry. These seeds are delivered as part of a scam, and they may contain plant diseases or invasive plants that could harm Pennsylvania's farms and ecosystem. It is important not to plant them or dispose of them improperly.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture is urging anyone who receives these unordered seed packages to report the package to its confidential Antismuggling Hotline by calling 800-877-3835 or by email at SITC.Mail@aphis.usda.gov. Further instructions will be provided to callers.


text:
Ez a szócikk A halottkém című sorozat epizódjait sorolja fel.

Évados áttekintés

Epizódok

Első évad (2019)

Második évad (2020)

Források
 A halottkém IMDb

Televíziós sorozatok epizódlistái

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In addition to these core Video and DVD features, Roxio Easy VHS to DVD 3 Plus also includes Music, Disc Label Creation and Sharing features, which are detailed here.
Roxio Easy VHS to DVD 3 Plus review – What's inside the box?
The product ships in an attractive looking retail package, which includes the Roxio Video Capture USB device, a software CD and a "Getting Started Guide" instructional booklet. Kudos to Roxio for including a physical paper booklet. Many products that include software CDs are skimping on physical user manuals these days, instead opting for instructions stored alongside the software as a digital file on the CD. A paper booklet is much easier to reference and provides for a better end user experience.
To test out the product, we dug out an old Emerson VCR and some old VHS tapes that we could convert to digital formats.
The Roxio Video Capture USB device is extremely easy to connect and use. On the source side, whether that be a VCR, a camcorder or another output device, you connect a set of RCA video cables to the device's output ports. These cables then plug into the corresponding Red/Yellow/White RCA inputs on the Roxio Video Capture USB device. The Roxio Video Capture USB device then plugs into a PC via a standard USB plug. Easy peazy!
We popped the Easy VHS to DVD 3 Plus software CD into our optical drive and easily installed the software on our PC running Windows 7. The software install did require a reboot to complete, which is a minor inconvenience. After rebooting, we launched the software and witnessed it performing some video tests, with windows resizing and flashing on screen. The software also prompted us to register for free technical support and communications from Roxio.
Above: The Roxio Easy VHS to DVD Plus 3 interface, showing a Record DVD session completing successfully. Click the image for the larger, full resolution version.
To start off my tests, I selected the Record DVD mode and went about the process of transferring some VHS footage to DVD-R.
My first attempt at doing a "Record DVD" resulted in the very first few seconds of my video being cut off on the resulting disc. I found that there is a freeze or delay in when the software starts the actual recording from when you first click the record button. This is reproducible. To account for this, I advise that you click the record button in the software 5 seconds early, at the least, to avoid having the very beginning of your video not getting recorded to the DVD.
Another option is to pause your VHS tape at the point at which you want to start recording, then click record in Easy VHS to DVD 3 Plus, wait for the software to provide confirmation on screen that it has started recording and then click play on your VCR. The downside to this method is that your recorded video file will show the paused screen to start with and it will also record the "PLAY" text that the VCR displays on screen after you press the play button. There is no reference to this recording delay in the Getting Started Guide, but I believe it should be added.
The "pause" method mentioned above works great when you are in the "Record, Edit and Save" mode, because this part of the program also allows you to trim your captured video clips as well as providing additional video editing capabilities.
I found the "Record, Edit and Save" mode to be the more useful area of the software, but if you're in a rush to quickly transfer an entire VHS tape to DVD quickly, you might use the "Record DVD" mode instead.
In the "Record, Edit and Save" mode of Easy VHS to DVD 3 Plus, I found it simple to capture multiple clips, import existing video files, trim clips and even merge multiple clips into one big output file at the end if desired.
This mode also provides some advanced features such as Denoise, Stabilize and Color Correction. The Denoise option says it will reduce grain and noise from the video, the Stabilize option offers up the ability to stabilize shaky video taken with a handheld camera and the Color Correction option purports to correct color balance, brightness, contrast and saturation automatically.
I used the Denoise option on all my video captures, but I couldn't really detect any improvements in video quality for my particular videos. I didn't test the Stabilize option as I didn't have any shaky clips to import. I tested the Color Correction option on one video capture and it really distorted the colors on the recorded video clip, so I didn't try it out again after that. These type of advanced video enhancements are always hit or miss depending on the source video feed, so even though they might not have provided significant quality improvements for my particular videos, I'm still glad to see that they are included in the software as I'm sure they will help improve the captured videos in some cases.
I did encounter a snafu when attempting to record a VHS tape that contained breaks in between multiple video clips. In this case, the Easy VHS to DVD 3 Plus software will report "no signal" at the break points and it won't allow you to record, greying out the button. It will also automatically end recording if there is a break in the video signal, which can derail your recording plan.
In order to record a VHS video clip that has a break inserted just before the clip starts, you have to pause the VCR at the exact second that the clip starts playing, then you have to hope that Easy VHS to DVD 3 Plus detects a video signal, and if it does, it will then make the record button available to click. This issue should be resolvable via a software update and I recommend that Roxio enables recording whether or not an input video signal is detected. I also advise against automatically ending the recording if it detects no video signal or at least making an option available in the settings to turn it off.
Embedded below you can find one of the VHS video clips that I captured with Easy VHS to DVD 3 Plus. The software captures VHS video at 640 x 480 resolution with 29 frames per second, saving it as a video file with the MPG file extension. The video file was then uploaded to YouTube and embedded below.
The resulting video captured by Roxio Easy VHS to DVD Plus looked just about identical to the video displayed by the VCR.
On one captured video clip, I did notice that the recorded video file did show a bit more distortion at the very top of the video compared to what I viewed on the source video feed, but the source video feed did have distortion at the very bottom and I think this transferred to the top of the recorded video clip.
In this review, we pointed out a lot of little subtleties and nuances that you might encounter while using this product, but transferring video from analog to digital is always a tricky endeavor.
There are a few edge cases in the recording process that need attention and fixes in the software, but overall, we feel that the Roxio Easy VHS to DVD 3 Plus package is a good product. It does what it advertises, it's easy to use and it provides some advanced features for power users.
If you're interested in purchasing this video capture solution, you can buy it on Amazon.
I found that I have the same experiences with this software! Great review.
Any suggestions? I've tried it with and without the different options that can be checked on and off.
Hi Jessica, that's very odd that the "Record, Edit and Save" mode DVD's won't play in your DVD player but the "Record DVD" mode burned discs will. It could be that Roxio is doing something differently in the finalizing phase of that mode.
I'd suggest checking for updates on the Roxio website to see if they have made any new versions available of this software. You may also want to try some premium quality DVD discs, such as Verbatim brand, as those will often work better in DVD players, which are much more susceptible to playback issues compared to computer DVD drives. If all that fails, contact Roxio support, as this might be a bug in the software.
Did you encounter any dropped frames? I've tried to both burn directly to a CD and to record and edit. For a one hour video I lost a total of 10 minutes of video and sound. I used a net book running Win 7 Starter. This may be the only problem or, I have read, I have too many background programs running. What are the minimum resources I need to run to devote solely to the capture?
Hi David, I didn't see issues with dropped frames when I was testing the software. Capturing video is definitely resource intensive (CPU & memory), so you'll want to make sure the hardware you're using meets their minimum requirements ( http://www.roxio.com/enu/products/easy-vhs-to-dvd/standard/requirements.html ).
I get a "No Video Signal"when trying to record from a VHS tape.I have tried everything! Uninstalled/reinstalled. Updated driver. Changed USB ports. Tried different tapes. Used tracking on the tapes.Nothing works.I notice that when I check the Device Manager, the Roxio icon shows up sometimes but not every time. Sometimes it show Audio only or video only.
No solutions to above problem?
Hi Jackie! I haven't run into that issue. I'd recommend contacting Roxio support.


text:
Marc Parenteau (born December 4, 1980 in Sherbrooke, Quebec) was a professional Canadian football offensive lineman who last played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League. He was drafted 36th overall by the Ottawa Renegades in the 2003 CFL Draft. He was signed by the Saskatchewan Roughriders to a contract on February 12, 2007 where he played in 3 Grey Cup Championships (2007 (win), 2009 (loss), 2010 (loss)) and played for five seasons before being released on February 10, 2012. He was soon after signed by the Toronto Argonauts on February 13, 2012  Parenteau quickly established himself as a starter along the offensive line for the Argos and went on to win the 100th Grey Cup with them.  On September 9, 2013, Parenteau was traded to the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, along with a 3rd round draft pick in 2014, in exchange for running back Anthony Woodson and a fifth round draft pick in 2014.  To focus on his growing real estate business he retired from the CFL after 9 years in January 2014  after winning 2 Grey Cups (2007 & 2012) and playing in over 130 CFL games.  To this day he is the only offensive lineman to ever score a touchdown in a Grey Cup game (2010).  Before his CFL career, Marc was a 2 time All-Star (All Big East) lineman with the Boston College Eagles from 1999-2003.  He has become an award winning real estate agent in Ottawa Ontario where he has been rated as the city's Top Agent since 2018.

References

External links
 Marc Parenteau. Canadian Football League. Accessed 2011-01-05.
 Backup lineman very valuable. Canada.com (Regina Leader-Post), July 12, 2007. Accessed 2011-01-05.
 Riders' Marc Parenteau laughs about first catch. Canada.com (Regina Leader-Post), October 28, 2010. Accessed 2011-01-05.

1980 births
Boston College Eagles football players
Canadian football offensive linemen
French Quebecers
Living people
Ottawa Renegades players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Sportspeople from Sherbrooke
Toronto Argonauts players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players


This painting depicts winter. Everything around is white. At first we cannot look beyond the obvious. We think that we have become prisoners to the snow. But if you have the will to look beyond the white, you will see green, the season of spring. A fresh start awaits us once the harsh winter is behind us. The same theory applies to life.


text:
About>Who we are>A reputation built on strong foundations
A reputation built on strong foundationsCurrently selected
Playing our part
A measured return
Placing wellbeing at the centre of everything
Harnessing the power of sport
Fostering innovation, locally and globally
Welsh University of the Year 2021
Everybody needs a HUG™
Collaboration and Compassion
A reputation built on strong foundations
Cardiff Metropolitan University, or 'Cardiff Met' to those of us who work and study here, is a positive, friendly and internationally focused University with a strong reputation for our work with industry and the professions.
Cardiff Met has a well-established reputation for learning, teaching and assessment that prepares students to achieve graduate outcomes and fulfilling lives.
Our approach is founded upon: high quality academic standards; working in partnership with students; active learning; work experience; volunteering; international mobility; global citizenship and research-informed teaching.
Rooted in Wales with an international reach, Cardiff Metropolitan University is a globally focused institution with a strong reputation for our work with industry and professions. Our University delivers education, research and innovation in partnership with our students and leading industry employers. In working collaboratively, our aim is to ensure our students and staff make outstanding contributions to society, the economy and culture locally, nationally and globally.
With over 11,000 students in Cardiff, and almost 20,000 worldwide – our diverse student population continues to be motivated by creativity, curiosity and a value-driven mindset. The latest National Student Survey (NSS) results place Cardiff Met with an 85% overall satisfaction rate, 2% above the national average.
It is my privilege to lead a Cardiff Met community routed in creativity, innovation, diversity and freedoms that has risen to some of the biggest challanges of our times.
Professor Cara Aitchison
MA (Hons) PgDRLP Cert Ed MA PhD FAcSS FRGS FHEA FLSW
Find out more about the innovation, creativity and diversity that our university is built on.Read more


We used University Moving Services last week to unload two trucks; a 26' and a 16'. The 4-man crew, lead by Josh, were very hard working, very nice, and respectful of our things. They had a lot of things to unload and were very efficient. We also had off white carpeting and they were kind enough to take precautions not to get the carpet dirty...staging things in one area and then taking their shoes off to take things into different rooms where the carpeting was. The unloading took much longer than I had anticipate but that was MY fault for underestimating what we had, especially boxes. The crew worked as hard as they possibly could. We would HIGHLY RECOMMEND using UNIVERSITY MOVING SERVICES if you have a local or out of state move where you want help to load or unload your rental truck, if you want to save your back, save money and get professional service. Using hireahelper.com (who lead us to University Moving Services) + renting Penske trucks saved us thousands of dollars over what the national movers had quoted us when they visited our home. You won't regret contacting University Moving Services for your next move.


text:
Q: Remove / Replace class with another class without having an ID - Javascript only Basicly i have two buttons one who will create divs with the class "TargetDummy" and another who should be able to remove the created "TargetDummy".
The problem is i cant seem to edit the "TargetDummy"divs since they don't have an ID and i can't give them one since there are several of them.
I am looking for a solution in javascript only. My code for creating the "TargetDummy"divs is below
 var Div = document.createElement("div");
        document.body.appendChild(Div).className = "TargetDummy";

I thought something like
var Dummies = document.getElementsByClassName("TargetDummy");
    Dummies.className = "something";

or
   Dummies.remove();

would do it, but unfortunately not. I am still learning Javascript so go easy on me :)

A: If you want to simply hide the Divs, you could loop through them and give them a new class via the className property.
Example JS:
var Dummies = document.getElementsByClassName("red");
function addNewClass() {
    for(var i = 0; i < Dummies.length; i++) {
        Dummies[i].className = "newClass";
        Dummies[i--].className = "newClass"
    }
}

http://codepen.io/anon/pen/OPZNJN


I know why you aren't going with us. I heard it was nice. All of a sudden, he proposed to me. Giovanni's not ready to quit. The company has decided to expand its business to Germany. The greatest difficulty of all is the unwillingness. The police made the witness explain in detail how the accident had happened. Love is that condition in which the happiness of another person is essential to your own. How can we expect another to keep our secret if we have been unable to keep it ourselves? The doctor gave Pradeep a sedative.
How do I get to the bus station? Don't cancel anything yet. I still need to clean the kitchen. Rodger is obviously malnourished. I know that this is the first time this has happened to you. Mix her a drink. His son cannot so much as write his own name. Shuvra drinks. Alexis failed in his attempt to beat the world record. You've been in Boston too long.
I need a word with them. Troy is probably trying to lose weight. "It is now time for you to learn to fly," said Echo's mother. No wonder I'm sleepy. Pierre couldn't start the motor. Trent got acquainted with Chris on Tatoeba last year and now they live together. They hurried off. The letter showed what he really felt. Come with me, both of you. I never harmed him.
You look good in those clothes. I haven't talked to Vince about this yet. Things have changed since then. I like skiing much better than swimming. Please check all the items on this list. This we can call a work of art. Hohn was fast asleep when Sergeant entered the room. Seldom have human beings experienced such a disaster. I don't like modern jazz. God has blessed me with riches.
Valeria is the man on the left. What we seek we shall find; what we flee from flees from us. What do you expect from us? He left his team as he could not get along with the manager. Gigi lied about how much he weighed. We apologize for his rudeness. Randall pretended not to understand French. I'd like to talk to him again. I am hers and she is mine. He had every reason for doing so.
It won't stop raining. All the rumors of his bribes, scandals and lovers soon blew over. Last year, I saw at least fifty movies. The cheese is not yellow. Antananarivo is the capital of Madagascar. Other people can think what they want, as long as they think like I do. I don't feel so good, I think I might have a fever. Ima caught a big fish. I like my job. I used to think that only bears hibernate, but the teacher said that turtles do as well.
Even if you lose lakhs, stay honest. I wholeheartedly agree with everything Dieter said. The difficulty with biography is that it is partly record and partly art. Old retreated to his bedroom after dinner. I don't speak Russian. The apples are not ready to pick yet. Corporate political donations are coming under heavy scrutiny. They burned themselves. I just wish Kyung wasn't leaving tomorrow. Roderick is picking berries in the forest.
Romain goes to a different high school. Dr. White acted as our interpreter. Is this tea set complete? Carisa was sound asleep. Your problem is you're not patient enough. I'm jealous that you have a good boss. He might have lied to me. I agree with him to a certain extent, but not entirely. Chocolate makes Monday a little bit bearable. We definitely heard that sound.
I don't feel like eating sushi. Did Mohammad call you last night? Sigurd is actually pretty good at French. Those who were there thought it was pure gold. I'm going to get ready. Paola sowed wheat in her field. I sat next to his bed for more than two hours. Saumya was so busy. I believe that we can back them up. No matter what may happen, I am always prepared for it.
He is very competent. I need to go to bed now. I have to go find my girlfriend. I've heard that Sandra's plans have changed. I'm hungover. How's the job hunt? If your statement is indubitably true, why do I doubt it? Lila and Kiki will probably get married one day. Let's talk about what Heidi did. This machine won't work.


text:
Knoll ist ein deutscher Familienname.

Namensträger

A

 Alfons Knoll (* 1957), deutscher Theologe und Hochschullehrer

 Alois C. Knoll (* 1961), deutscher Informatiker und Hochschullehrer
 Anabel Knoll (* 1996), deutsche Triathletin und Olympia-Starterin
 Andi Knoll (* 1972), österreichischer Moderator
 Andrew Knoll (* 1951), US-amerikanischer Planetologe und Paläontologe

 Annika Knoll (* 1993), deutsche Biathletin
 August Maria Knoll (1900–1963), österreichischer Jurist, Soziologe und Sozialreformer

C
 Catherine Baker Knoll (1930–2008), US-amerikanische Politikerin
 Christiane Knoll, deutsche Hörfunk- und Wissenschaftsjournalistin
 Christiane Knoll (1897–2000), österreichische Malerin und Autorin, siehe Christiane Ritter (Autorin)
 Christof Ludwig Knoll (1895–1946), Funktionshäftling im KZ Dachau
 Christoph Knoll (1563–1630), deutscher Pastor und Kirchenliederdichter
 Claudia Koll (* 1965), italienische Schauspielerin
 Cyrill Knoll (1813–1900), deutscher Priester und Karmelit

D
 David Tobias Knoll (1736–1818), deutscher Kaufmann und Komponist
 Detlev Knoll (* 1941/1942), deutscher Basketballspieler

E
 Eberhard Knoll (1929–2019), deutscher Verkehrswissenschaftler
 Eduard Knoll (1817–1882), deutscher Parlamentarier und Verwaltungsbeamter
 Elisabeth Knoll-Köhler (* 1938), deutsche Pharmakologin und Hochschullehrerin
 Ernst Knoll (1940–1997), deutscher Ringer
 Ernst Gustav Knoll (1889–1965), deutscher Jurist
 Erwin Knoll (1931–1994), US-amerikanischer Journalist und Redakteur

F
 Florence Knoll (1917–2019), US-amerikanische Architektin und Designerin
 Franziskus Knoll (* 1971), deutscher Theologe

 Fritz Knoll (Friedrich Josef Knoll; 1883–1981), österreichischer Botaniker und Hochschullehrer

G
 Gerhard Knoll (1941–2009), deutscher Historiker und Bibliothekar
 Gertraud Knoll (* 1958), österreichische Theologin und Politikerin
 Günter Knoll (* 1954), deutscher Regisseur

H
 Hans Knoll (1914–1955), deutsch-amerikanischer Architekt und Unternehmer
 Heinrich Knoll (1851/1852–1898), Schweizer Buchhändler
 Helmfried Knoll (* 1930), österreichischer Schriftsteller und Übersetzer

 Horst-Erhardt Knoll (1931–2016), deutscher Politiker (FDP)

J
 Joachim Knoll (Biologe) (* 1934), deutscher Biologe, Didaktiker und Hochschullehrer
 Joachim H. Knoll (* 1932), deutscher Pädagoge

 John Knoll (* 1962), US-amerikanischer Informatiker

 József Knoll (1925–2018), ungarischer Pharmakologe
 Julian Knoll (* 1999), deutscher Fußballspieler
 Julius Georg Knoll (1790–1851), deutscher Jurist

K

 Klaus Knoll (Sportwissenschaftler) (1941–2022), deutscher Sportwissenschaftler und Turner
 Klaus Knoll (* 1966), österreichischer Schriftsteller und Fotograf
 Konrad Knoll (1829–1899), deutscher Bildhauer
 Kurt Knoll (Linguist) (1889–1959), österreichischer Linguist und SS-Standartenführer
 Kurt Knoll (* 1958), deutscher Fußballspieler

M

 Marvin Knoll (* 1990), deutscher Fußballspieler
 Matthias Knoll (* 1963), deutscher Übersetzer, Lyriker und Rezitator
 Max Knoll (1897–1969), deutscher Elektrotechniker
 Michael Knoll (1805–1852), deutscher Eisenbahningenieur
 Michael Knoll (RAF-Mitglied) (1957–1978), deutscher Terrorist
 Mireille Knoll (1932–2018), französische Shoa-Überlebende und Mordopfer

P
 Paul Knoll (Ingenieur) (1886–nach 1956), deutscher Bauingenieur
 Paul W. Knoll (* 1937), US-amerikanischer Historiker und Hochschullehrer
 Petar Knoll (1872–1943), kroatischer Kunsthistoriker
 Peter Knoll (* 1940), deutscher Geophysiker, Professor sowie Unternehmer
 Philipp Knoll (1841–1900), deutscher Pathologe

R
 Rebekka Knoll (* 1988), deutsche Schriftstellerin
 Robert Knoll (1912–1985), deutscher Möbel- und Textilfabrikant
 Roland Knoll (* 1967), deutscher Triathlet und Trainer

S
 Sandra Knoll (* 1981), österreichische Schauspielerin
 Silke-Beate Knoll (* 1967), deutsche Sprinterin
 Stefan M. Knoll (* 1957), deutscher Unternehmer, Jurist und Reserveoffizier
 Stephan Knoll (* 1973), deutscher Curler
 Sven Knoll (* 1980), Südtiroler Politiker

T

V
 Valérie Knoll (* 1978), Schweizer Kulturwissenschaftlerin, Kunstkritikerin und Kuratorin

W

 Werner Knoll (1896–1967), deutscher Apotheker

 Willibald Knoll (1912–1984), österreichischer katholischer Geistlicher, Trappistenabt

X
 Xenia Knoll (* 1992), Schweizer Tennisspielerin

Siehe auch
 Knöll

Weblinks
 Knoll auf surnames.behindthename.com

Familienname
Deutscher Personenname


Brass door knockers in India is placed on doors. It is used for exactly the same purpose as a bell. It alerts the people inside about the presence of a visitor. The echo and boom sound of this item closely resembles the sound of a wheel barrow turning. A door bell may be necessary because its sound permeates the whole house but a knocker adds to the beauty of the door. It helps to make it more stylish and more attractive. A door bell may get damaged due to various reasons like running down of batteries or wire damage but a knocker remains undamaged forever.
You will never tire of listening to the appreciation of this product. Our designer range not only includes attractive but also affordable products therefore you never need to worry about going beyond your budget to make a purchase from our online store. Our products come in traditional as well as modern outlook; you can browse through our collection and opt for any.
If you are searching for decorative door knockers either for your home or commercial use then your search ends here. We offer high quality, stylish and well finished door knocker at affordable prices. We have brass, bronze, iron and many decorative door knockers in our stock, so you can select as per your needs.
All our designs are available with finest finishing. Our door knockers can give your door traditional or modern style. We know that you will find best door knocker from our collection so take a looking at our collection.


"From a workmanship standpoint, our home has had a lot of DIY stuff done to it in the past, so it was definitely a challenge when they would open up a window and see something totally new, but I think they did a good job of putting them in to a situation that they may not have encountered before. They did a great job cleaning up, the inside of the house was clean, there was nothing ever left outside, so it was just nice that everyday I could come home from work, and everything was cleaned up and the next day they'd come back and put the next set of doors and windows in and it was cleaned up everyday."
"The crew was great, they were here everyday on time, they were easy to communicate to. James stopped by to check on the project to makes sure the big bay window was going in okay, and they were just easy to talk to the whole time. From a workmanship standpoint, our home has had a lot of DIY stuff done to it in the past, so it was definitely a challenge when they would open up a window and see something totally new, but I think they did a good job of putting them in to a situation that they may not have encountered before."
"It was real easy, they came out and were able to do it all in one day, then came back a day later to get everything measures, and it was pretty quick, easy, and simple."
"They did a great job cleaning up, the inside of the house was clean, there was nothing ever left outside, so it was just nice that everyday I could come home from work, and everything was cleaned up and the next day they'd come back and put the next set of doors and windows in and it was cleaned up everyday."
"I went with Pinnacle primarily because of quality that we had seen, as well as price point. So, they worked with us to be able to do a lot of things all at once, so we did doors and windows."


An orchestral minimalist piece featuring two and a bit pianos, a viola, some pizzicato and some timapanic action - in triple time-ish too. Play Loud.
@thealienhand: A, I knew I was doing _something_ wrong! More stuff in the same vein (same General MIDI plugin) coming soon ...!
@chintzbaby: Not with that attitude!
@thealienhand: Thanks very much, appreciate that! Didn't realise it was in slipjig time - that really is a new one to me - hopefully our Irish friends won't be offended!
This is almost in slipjig time (Jesus-and-Mary-and-Joseph-and...). Sort of a double-slipjig? Anyway, it's good. I like it.